Spanish/Lesson 1

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10.xsd" version="0.10" xml:lang="en">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikibooks</sitename>
    <dbname>enwikibooks</dbname>
    <base>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.22</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Special</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">User</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">User talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikibooks</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Wikibooks talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">File</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">File talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">MediaWiki talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Template</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Template talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Help</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Help talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Category</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Category talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="102" case="first-letter">Cookbook</namespace>
      <namespace key="103" case="first-letter">Cookbook talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="108" case="first-letter">Transwiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="109" case="first-letter">Transwiki talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="110" case="first-letter">Wikijunior</namespace>
      <namespace key="111" case="first-letter">Wikijunior talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="112" case="first-letter">Subject</namespace>
      <namespace key="113" case="first-letter">Subject talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="2300" case="first-letter">Gadget</namespace>
      <namespace key="2301" case="first-letter">Gadget talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="2302" case="case-sensitive">Gadget definition</namespace>
      <namespace key="2303" case="case-sensitive">Gadget definition talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Spanish/Lesson 1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>353</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088257</id>
      <parentid>4033289</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:59:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Buenas noches.ogg]] → [[File:Es-buenas noches.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18328" xml:space="preserve">{{Spanish}}
----
==Introduction==
This is the very first lesson in learning a second language, the Spanish language!

This lesson begins with simple greetings, and covers important ideas of the Spanish language. Throughout education, methods of teaching Spanish have changed greatly. Years ago, the Spanish language was taught simply by memory. Today, however, the Spanish Language is taught by moving more slowly and covering grammar and spelling rules.

Again, this is an introduction. If this is the first time you are attempting to learn Spanish, do not become discouraged if you cannot understand, pronounce, or memorize some of the things discussed here.

In addition, learning a second language requires a basic understanding of your own language. You may find, as you study Spanish, that you learn a lot about English as well. At their core, all languages share some simple components like verbs, nouns, adjectives, and plurals. English, as your first language, comes naturally to you and you don't think about things like subject-verb agreement, verb conjugation, or usage of the various tenses; yet you use these concepts on a daily basis.

While English is described as a very complicated language to learn, many of the distinguishing grammar structures have been simplified over the years. This is not true for many other languages. Following the grammatical conventions of Spanish will be very important, and can actually change the meaning of phrases.  You'll see what is meant by this as you learn your first verbs &lt;i&gt;ser&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;estar&lt;/i&gt;.

Do not become discouraged! You can do it.

==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola, Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;Hello Roberto How are you?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;I'm fine, thank you. And you?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;I'm fine.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;Anything new happen?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós, Roberto!&lt;br&gt;Not much; goodbye, Roberto&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.&lt;br&gt;Good bye; see you tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
}}

[[media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish/Vocab/header|1=¡Hola!|2=Hello}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo estás?|How are you? (informal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo está usted?|How are you? (formal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(Yo) estoy bien|I'm fine.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(muchas) gracias|Thank you very much.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|de nada|You're welcome.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|y|And}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|tú|You}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué pasa?|What's going on?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué tal?|What's up?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué hay de nuevo?|What's new?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|no mucho|Not much}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|nada|Nothing}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Adiós!|Goodbye!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta mañana!|See you tomorrow!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta luego!|See you later!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Nos vemos!|See you!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/end}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;Good day, what is your name?
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;My name is Anna Perez and you?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.&lt;br&gt;I am Luis Gonzalez, nice to meet you.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}Nice to meet you.

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:buenos días.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:buenas tardes.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Soy (Spanish pronunciation).oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Subject Pronouns==

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los pronombres|2=

{{{!}} border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
{{!}}- style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;
{{!}} width=&quot;20%&quot; {{!}} '''Person'''
{{!}} width=&quot;30%&quot; {{!}} '''English equivalent'''
{{!}} width=&quot;40%&quot; {{!}} '''Spanish equivalent'''
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} I {{!}}{{!}} yo
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} ''singular'' you (informal){{!}}{{!}} tú
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} he, she, you (formal){{!}}{{!}} él, ella, usted
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} we {{!}}{{!}} nosotros, nosotras
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} ''plural'' you (informal) {{!}}{{!}} vosotros, vosotras (used primarily in Spain)
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} they, you (formal) {{!}}{{!}} ellos, ellas, ustedes
{{!}}}
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say '''yo estoy bien''', but '''estoy bien''', and you ask '''¿Cómo se llama?''' instead of '''¿Cómo se llama usted?''') because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In Spain the ''vosotros'' form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ''ustedes'' is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In Latin American countries ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina, parts of Uruguay, and some other countries, the ''tú'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). A good way to remember when to use &quot;estar&quot; is by using the rhyme, &quot;To tell how you feel or where you are, always use the verb estar.&quot; In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo ser''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) soy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú) eres/(vos) sos&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) es&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) son/(vosotros) sois&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) es&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) es&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; son&lt;br&gt;''(they) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo estar''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú/vos)&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; estás&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) está&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) están/(vosotros) estáis&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) está&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) está&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; están&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson 4|Lesson 4]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[media:Spanish_alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters, as are ''RR'' and ''R'' (though no words begin with ''RR'').  They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal'', and ''carro'' comes after ''carta''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Latin America to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraph ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''ll''' traditionally pronounced like lli in “million”, it is now pronounced like English y in “yes”, except that it is more voiced
*'''ñ''' like ni in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;'''a'''rea&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;m'''e'''low&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as in &quot;'''i'''nto&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;'''o'''pera&quot;. (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;l'''u'''natic&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after '''q''' (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the &quot;u&quot; (sounds the same as the &quot;u&quot; in &quot;ultra&quot;) is pronounced similarly but with more strength to the English &quot;w&quot; forming a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ])

At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; 

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
{{Spanish}}</text>
      <sha1>8je6v6jilvxec7j21odg6xnt7ad5wxs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088260</id>
      <parentid>4088257</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:00:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Buenas tardes.ogg]] → [[File:Es-buenas tardes.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18331" xml:space="preserve">{{Spanish}}
----
==Introduction==
This is the very first lesson in learning a second language, the Spanish language!

This lesson begins with simple greetings, and covers important ideas of the Spanish language. Throughout education, methods of teaching Spanish have changed greatly. Years ago, the Spanish language was taught simply by memory. Today, however, the Spanish Language is taught by moving more slowly and covering grammar and spelling rules.

Again, this is an introduction. If this is the first time you are attempting to learn Spanish, do not become discouraged if you cannot understand, pronounce, or memorize some of the things discussed here.

In addition, learning a second language requires a basic understanding of your own language. You may find, as you study Spanish, that you learn a lot about English as well. At their core, all languages share some simple components like verbs, nouns, adjectives, and plurals. English, as your first language, comes naturally to you and you don't think about things like subject-verb agreement, verb conjugation, or usage of the various tenses; yet you use these concepts on a daily basis.

While English is described as a very complicated language to learn, many of the distinguishing grammar structures have been simplified over the years. This is not true for many other languages. Following the grammatical conventions of Spanish will be very important, and can actually change the meaning of phrases.  You'll see what is meant by this as you learn your first verbs &lt;i&gt;ser&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;estar&lt;/i&gt;.

Do not become discouraged! You can do it.

==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola, Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;Hello Roberto How are you?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;I'm fine, thank you. And you?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;I'm fine.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;Anything new happen?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós, Roberto!&lt;br&gt;Not much; goodbye, Roberto&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.&lt;br&gt;Good bye; see you tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
}}

[[media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish/Vocab/header|1=¡Hola!|2=Hello}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo estás?|How are you? (informal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo está usted?|How are you? (formal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(Yo) estoy bien|I'm fine.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(muchas) gracias|Thank you very much.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|de nada|You're welcome.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|y|And}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|tú|You}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué pasa?|What's going on?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué tal?|What's up?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué hay de nuevo?|What's new?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|no mucho|Not much}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|nada|Nothing}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Adiós!|Goodbye!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta mañana!|See you tomorrow!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta luego!|See you later!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Nos vemos!|See you!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/end}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;Good day, what is your name?
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;My name is Anna Perez and you?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.&lt;br&gt;I am Luis Gonzalez, nice to meet you.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}Nice to meet you.

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:buenos días.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Soy (Spanish pronunciation).oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Subject Pronouns==

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los pronombres|2=

{{{!}} border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
{{!}}- style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;
{{!}} width=&quot;20%&quot; {{!}} '''Person'''
{{!}} width=&quot;30%&quot; {{!}} '''English equivalent'''
{{!}} width=&quot;40%&quot; {{!}} '''Spanish equivalent'''
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} I {{!}}{{!}} yo
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} ''singular'' you (informal){{!}}{{!}} tú
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} he, she, you (formal){{!}}{{!}} él, ella, usted
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} we {{!}}{{!}} nosotros, nosotras
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} ''plural'' you (informal) {{!}}{{!}} vosotros, vosotras (used primarily in Spain)
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} they, you (formal) {{!}}{{!}} ellos, ellas, ustedes
{{!}}}
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say '''yo estoy bien''', but '''estoy bien''', and you ask '''¿Cómo se llama?''' instead of '''¿Cómo se llama usted?''') because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In Spain the ''vosotros'' form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ''ustedes'' is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In Latin American countries ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina, parts of Uruguay, and some other countries, the ''tú'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). A good way to remember when to use &quot;estar&quot; is by using the rhyme, &quot;To tell how you feel or where you are, always use the verb estar.&quot; In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo ser''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) soy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú) eres/(vos) sos&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) es&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) son/(vosotros) sois&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) es&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) es&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; son&lt;br&gt;''(they) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo estar''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú/vos)&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; estás&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) está&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) están/(vosotros) estáis&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) está&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) está&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; están&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson 4|Lesson 4]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[media:Spanish_alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters, as are ''RR'' and ''R'' (though no words begin with ''RR'').  They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal'', and ''carro'' comes after ''carta''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Latin America to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraph ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''ll''' traditionally pronounced like lli in “million”, it is now pronounced like English y in “yes”, except that it is more voiced
*'''ñ''' like ni in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;'''a'''rea&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;m'''e'''low&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as in &quot;'''i'''nto&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;'''o'''pera&quot;. (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;l'''u'''natic&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after '''q''' (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the &quot;u&quot; (sounds the same as the &quot;u&quot; in &quot;ultra&quot;) is pronounced similarly but with more strength to the English &quot;w&quot; forming a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ])

At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; 

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
{{Spanish}}</text>
      <sha1>9jlv8tc7hglcqyuohbqpizf1r4agalq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088263</id>
      <parentid>4088260</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:00:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Buenos días.ogg]] → [[File:Es-buenos días.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18334" xml:space="preserve">{{Spanish}}
----
==Introduction==
This is the very first lesson in learning a second language, the Spanish language!

This lesson begins with simple greetings, and covers important ideas of the Spanish language. Throughout education, methods of teaching Spanish have changed greatly. Years ago, the Spanish language was taught simply by memory. Today, however, the Spanish Language is taught by moving more slowly and covering grammar and spelling rules.

Again, this is an introduction. If this is the first time you are attempting to learn Spanish, do not become discouraged if you cannot understand, pronounce, or memorize some of the things discussed here.

In addition, learning a second language requires a basic understanding of your own language. You may find, as you study Spanish, that you learn a lot about English as well. At their core, all languages share some simple components like verbs, nouns, adjectives, and plurals. English, as your first language, comes naturally to you and you don't think about things like subject-verb agreement, verb conjugation, or usage of the various tenses; yet you use these concepts on a daily basis.

While English is described as a very complicated language to learn, many of the distinguishing grammar structures have been simplified over the years. This is not true for many other languages. Following the grammatical conventions of Spanish will be very important, and can actually change the meaning of phrases.  You'll see what is meant by this as you learn your first verbs &lt;i&gt;ser&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;estar&lt;/i&gt;.

Do not become discouraged! You can do it.

==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola, Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;Hello Roberto How are you?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;I'm fine, thank you. And you?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;I'm fine.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;Anything new happen?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós, Roberto!&lt;br&gt;Not much; goodbye, Roberto&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.&lt;br&gt;Good bye; see you tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
}}

[[media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish/Vocab/header|1=¡Hola!|2=Hello}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo estás?|How are you? (informal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo está usted?|How are you? (formal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(Yo) estoy bien|I'm fine.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(muchas) gracias|Thank you very much.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|de nada|You're welcome.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|y|And}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|tú|You}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué pasa?|What's going on?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué tal?|What's up?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué hay de nuevo?|What's new?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|no mucho|Not much}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|nada|Nothing}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Adiós!|Goodbye!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta mañana!|See you tomorrow!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta luego!|See you later!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Nos vemos!|See you!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/end}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;Good day, what is your name?
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;My name is Anna Perez and you?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.&lt;br&gt;I am Luis Gonzalez, nice to meet you.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}Nice to meet you.

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Soy (Spanish pronunciation).oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Subject Pronouns==

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los pronombres|2=

{{{!}} border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
{{!}}- style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;
{{!}} width=&quot;20%&quot; {{!}} '''Person'''
{{!}} width=&quot;30%&quot; {{!}} '''English equivalent'''
{{!}} width=&quot;40%&quot; {{!}} '''Spanish equivalent'''
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} I {{!}}{{!}} yo
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} ''singular'' you (informal){{!}}{{!}} tú
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} he, she, you (formal){{!}}{{!}} él, ella, usted
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} we {{!}}{{!}} nosotros, nosotras
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} ''plural'' you (informal) {{!}}{{!}} vosotros, vosotras (used primarily in Spain)
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} they, you (formal) {{!}}{{!}} ellos, ellas, ustedes
{{!}}}
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say '''yo estoy bien''', but '''estoy bien''', and you ask '''¿Cómo se llama?''' instead of '''¿Cómo se llama usted?''') because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In Spain the ''vosotros'' form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ''ustedes'' is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In Latin American countries ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina, parts of Uruguay, and some other countries, the ''tú'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). A good way to remember when to use &quot;estar&quot; is by using the rhyme, &quot;To tell how you feel or where you are, always use the verb estar.&quot; In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo ser''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) soy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú) eres/(vos) sos&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) es&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) son/(vosotros) sois&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) es&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) es&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; son&lt;br&gt;''(they) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo estar''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú/vos)&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; estás&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) está&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) están/(vosotros) estáis&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) está&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) está&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; están&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson 4|Lesson 4]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[media:Spanish_alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters, as are ''RR'' and ''R'' (though no words begin with ''RR'').  They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal'', and ''carro'' comes after ''carta''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Latin America to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraph ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''ll''' traditionally pronounced like lli in “million”, it is now pronounced like English y in “yes”, except that it is more voiced
*'''ñ''' like ni in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;'''a'''rea&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;m'''e'''low&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as in &quot;'''i'''nto&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;'''o'''pera&quot;. (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;l'''u'''natic&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after '''q''' (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the &quot;u&quot; (sounds the same as the &quot;u&quot; in &quot;ultra&quot;) is pronounced similarly but with more strength to the English &quot;w&quot; forming a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ])

At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; 

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
{{Spanish}}</text>
      <sha1>eao6f7mqvcxcc8llxfxfgc4tfghba93</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088279</id>
      <parentid>4088263</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:09:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Soy (Spanish pronunciation).oga]] → [[File:Es-soy.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18313" xml:space="preserve">{{Spanish}}
----
==Introduction==
This is the very first lesson in learning a second language, the Spanish language!

This lesson begins with simple greetings, and covers important ideas of the Spanish language. Throughout education, methods of teaching Spanish have changed greatly. Years ago, the Spanish language was taught simply by memory. Today, however, the Spanish Language is taught by moving more slowly and covering grammar and spelling rules.

Again, this is an introduction. If this is the first time you are attempting to learn Spanish, do not become discouraged if you cannot understand, pronounce, or memorize some of the things discussed here.

In addition, learning a second language requires a basic understanding of your own language. You may find, as you study Spanish, that you learn a lot about English as well. At their core, all languages share some simple components like verbs, nouns, adjectives, and plurals. English, as your first language, comes naturally to you and you don't think about things like subject-verb agreement, verb conjugation, or usage of the various tenses; yet you use these concepts on a daily basis.

While English is described as a very complicated language to learn, many of the distinguishing grammar structures have been simplified over the years. This is not true for many other languages. Following the grammatical conventions of Spanish will be very important, and can actually change the meaning of phrases.  You'll see what is meant by this as you learn your first verbs &lt;i&gt;ser&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;estar&lt;/i&gt;.

Do not become discouraged! You can do it.

==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola, Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;Hello Roberto How are you?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;I'm fine, thank you. And you?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;I'm fine.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;Anything new happen?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós, Roberto!&lt;br&gt;Not much; goodbye, Roberto&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.&lt;br&gt;Good bye; see you tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
}}

[[media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish/Vocab/header|1=¡Hola!|2=Hello}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo estás?|How are you? (informal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo está usted?|How are you? (formal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(Yo) estoy bien|I'm fine.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(muchas) gracias|Thank you very much.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|de nada|You're welcome.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|y|And}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|tú|You}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué pasa?|What's going on?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué tal?|What's up?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué hay de nuevo?|What's new?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|no mucho|Not much}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|nada|Nothing}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Adiós!|Goodbye!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta mañana!|See you tomorrow!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta luego!|See you later!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Nos vemos!|See you!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/end}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;Good day, what is your name?
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;My name is Anna Perez and you?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.&lt;br&gt;I am Luis Gonzalez, nice to meet you.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}Nice to meet you.

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Subject Pronouns==

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los pronombres|2=

{{{!}} border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
{{!}}- style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;
{{!}} width=&quot;20%&quot; {{!}} '''Person'''
{{!}} width=&quot;30%&quot; {{!}} '''English equivalent'''
{{!}} width=&quot;40%&quot; {{!}} '''Spanish equivalent'''
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} I {{!}}{{!}} yo
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} ''singular'' you (informal){{!}}{{!}} tú
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} he, she, you (formal){{!}}{{!}} él, ella, usted
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} we {{!}}{{!}} nosotros, nosotras
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} ''plural'' you (informal) {{!}}{{!}} vosotros, vosotras (used primarily in Spain)
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} they, you (formal) {{!}}{{!}} ellos, ellas, ustedes
{{!}}}
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say '''yo estoy bien''', but '''estoy bien''', and you ask '''¿Cómo se llama?''' instead of '''¿Cómo se llama usted?''') because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In Spain the ''vosotros'' form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ''ustedes'' is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In Latin American countries ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina, parts of Uruguay, and some other countries, the ''tú'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). A good way to remember when to use &quot;estar&quot; is by using the rhyme, &quot;To tell how you feel or where you are, always use the verb estar.&quot; In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo ser''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) soy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú) eres/(vos) sos&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) es&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) son/(vosotros) sois&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) es&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) es&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; son&lt;br&gt;''(they) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo estar''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú/vos)&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; estás&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) está&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) están/(vosotros) estáis&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) está&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) está&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; están&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson 4|Lesson 4]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[media:Spanish_alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters, as are ''RR'' and ''R'' (though no words begin with ''RR'').  They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal'', and ''carro'' comes after ''carta''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Latin America to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraph ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''ll''' traditionally pronounced like lli in “million”, it is now pronounced like English y in “yes”, except that it is more voiced
*'''ñ''' like ni in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;'''a'''rea&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;m'''e'''low&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as in &quot;'''i'''nto&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;'''o'''pera&quot;. (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;l'''u'''natic&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after '''q''' (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the &quot;u&quot; (sounds the same as the &quot;u&quot; in &quot;ultra&quot;) is pronounced similarly but with more strength to the English &quot;w&quot; forming a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ])

At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; 

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
{{Spanish}}</text>
      <sha1>lh0jym69ai32nocdz0cj3hi6nsxzh4b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088298</id>
      <parentid>4088279</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:02:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Mucho gusto.ogg]] → [[File:Es-mucho gusto.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18316" xml:space="preserve">{{Spanish}}
----
==Introduction==
This is the very first lesson in learning a second language, the Spanish language!

This lesson begins with simple greetings, and covers important ideas of the Spanish language. Throughout education, methods of teaching Spanish have changed greatly. Years ago, the Spanish language was taught simply by memory. Today, however, the Spanish Language is taught by moving more slowly and covering grammar and spelling rules.

Again, this is an introduction. If this is the first time you are attempting to learn Spanish, do not become discouraged if you cannot understand, pronounce, or memorize some of the things discussed here.

In addition, learning a second language requires a basic understanding of your own language. You may find, as you study Spanish, that you learn a lot about English as well. At their core, all languages share some simple components like verbs, nouns, adjectives, and plurals. English, as your first language, comes naturally to you and you don't think about things like subject-verb agreement, verb conjugation, or usage of the various tenses; yet you use these concepts on a daily basis.

While English is described as a very complicated language to learn, many of the distinguishing grammar structures have been simplified over the years. This is not true for many other languages. Following the grammatical conventions of Spanish will be very important, and can actually change the meaning of phrases.  You'll see what is meant by this as you learn your first verbs &lt;i&gt;ser&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;estar&lt;/i&gt;.

Do not become discouraged! You can do it.

==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola, Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;Hello Roberto How are you?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;I'm fine, thank you. And you?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;I'm fine.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;Anything new happen?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós, Roberto!&lt;br&gt;Not much; goodbye, Roberto&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.&lt;br&gt;Good bye; see you tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
}}

[[media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish/Vocab/header|1=¡Hola!|2=Hello}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo estás?|How are you? (informal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo está usted?|How are you? (formal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(Yo) estoy bien|I'm fine.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(muchas) gracias|Thank you very much.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|de nada|You're welcome.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|y|And}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|tú|You}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué pasa?|What's going on?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué tal?|What's up?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué hay de nuevo?|What's new?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|no mucho|Not much}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|nada|Nothing}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Adiós!|Goodbye!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta mañana!|See you tomorrow!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta luego!|See you later!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Nos vemos!|See you!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/end}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;Good day, what is your name?
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;My name is Anna Perez and you?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.&lt;br&gt;I am Luis Gonzalez, nice to meet you.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}Nice to meet you.

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-mucho gusto.oga|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Subject Pronouns==

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los pronombres|2=

{{{!}} border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
{{!}}- style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;
{{!}} width=&quot;20%&quot; {{!}} '''Person'''
{{!}} width=&quot;30%&quot; {{!}} '''English equivalent'''
{{!}} width=&quot;40%&quot; {{!}} '''Spanish equivalent'''
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} I {{!}}{{!}} yo
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} ''singular'' you (informal){{!}}{{!}} tú
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} he, she, you (formal){{!}}{{!}} él, ella, usted
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} we {{!}}{{!}} nosotros, nosotras
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} ''plural'' you (informal) {{!}}{{!}} vosotros, vosotras (used primarily in Spain)
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} they, you (formal) {{!}}{{!}} ellos, ellas, ustedes
{{!}}}
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say '''yo estoy bien''', but '''estoy bien''', and you ask '''¿Cómo se llama?''' instead of '''¿Cómo se llama usted?''') because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In Spain the ''vosotros'' form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ''ustedes'' is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In Latin American countries ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina, parts of Uruguay, and some other countries, the ''tú'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). A good way to remember when to use &quot;estar&quot; is by using the rhyme, &quot;To tell how you feel or where you are, always use the verb estar.&quot; In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo ser''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) soy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú) eres/(vos) sos&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) es&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) son/(vosotros) sois&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) es&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) es&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; son&lt;br&gt;''(they) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo estar''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú/vos)&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; estás&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) está&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) están/(vosotros) estáis&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) está&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) está&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; están&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson 4|Lesson 4]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[media:Spanish_alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters, as are ''RR'' and ''R'' (though no words begin with ''RR'').  They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal'', and ''carro'' comes after ''carta''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Latin America to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraph ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''ll''' traditionally pronounced like lli in “million”, it is now pronounced like English y in “yes”, except that it is more voiced
*'''ñ''' like ni in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;'''a'''rea&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;m'''e'''low&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as in &quot;'''i'''nto&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;'''o'''pera&quot;. (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;l'''u'''natic&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after '''q''' (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the &quot;u&quot; (sounds the same as the &quot;u&quot; in &quot;ultra&quot;) is pronounced similarly but with more strength to the English &quot;w&quot; forming a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ])

At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; 

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
{{Spanish}}</text>
      <sha1>42xw6da21yvspn5jo7bh2oqzdud6sa3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088301</id>
      <parentid>4088298</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:03:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Me llamo.ogg]] → [[File:Es-me llamo.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18319" xml:space="preserve">{{Spanish}}
----
==Introduction==
This is the very first lesson in learning a second language, the Spanish language!

This lesson begins with simple greetings, and covers important ideas of the Spanish language. Throughout education, methods of teaching Spanish have changed greatly. Years ago, the Spanish language was taught simply by memory. Today, however, the Spanish Language is taught by moving more slowly and covering grammar and spelling rules.

Again, this is an introduction. If this is the first time you are attempting to learn Spanish, do not become discouraged if you cannot understand, pronounce, or memorize some of the things discussed here.

In addition, learning a second language requires a basic understanding of your own language. You may find, as you study Spanish, that you learn a lot about English as well. At their core, all languages share some simple components like verbs, nouns, adjectives, and plurals. English, as your first language, comes naturally to you and you don't think about things like subject-verb agreement, verb conjugation, or usage of the various tenses; yet you use these concepts on a daily basis.

While English is described as a very complicated language to learn, many of the distinguishing grammar structures have been simplified over the years. This is not true for many other languages. Following the grammatical conventions of Spanish will be very important, and can actually change the meaning of phrases.  You'll see what is meant by this as you learn your first verbs &lt;i&gt;ser&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;estar&lt;/i&gt;.

Do not become discouraged! You can do it.

==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola, Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;Hello Roberto How are you?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;I'm fine, thank you. And you?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;I'm fine.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;Anything new happen?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós, Roberto!&lt;br&gt;Not much; goodbye, Roberto&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.&lt;br&gt;Good bye; see you tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
}}

[[media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish/Vocab/header|1=¡Hola!|2=Hello}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo estás?|How are you? (informal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Cómo está usted?|How are you? (formal)}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(Yo) estoy bien|I'm fine.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|(muchas) gracias|Thank you very much.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|de nada|You're welcome.}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|y|And}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|tú|You}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué pasa?|What's going on?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué tal?|What's up?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¿Qué hay de nuevo?|What's new?}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|no mucho|Not much}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|nada|Nothing}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Adiós!|Goodbye!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta mañana!|See you tomorrow!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Hasta luego!|See you later!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/row|¡Nos vemos!|See you!}}
{{Spanish/Vocab/end}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;Good day, what is your name?
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;My name is Anna Perez and you?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.&lt;br&gt;I am Luis Gonzalez, nice to meet you.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}Nice to meet you.

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-me llamo.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-mucho gusto.oga|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Subject Pronouns==

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los pronombres|2=

{{{!}} border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
{{!}}- style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;
{{!}} width=&quot;20%&quot; {{!}} '''Person'''
{{!}} width=&quot;30%&quot; {{!}} '''English equivalent'''
{{!}} width=&quot;40%&quot; {{!}} '''Spanish equivalent'''
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} I {{!}}{{!}} yo
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} ''singular'' you (informal){{!}}{{!}} tú
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person singular''' {{!}}{{!}} he, she, you (formal){{!}}{{!}} él, ella, usted
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''1st person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} we {{!}}{{!}} nosotros, nosotras
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''2nd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} ''plural'' you (informal) {{!}}{{!}} vosotros, vosotras (used primarily in Spain)
{{!}}-
{{!}} '''3rd person plural''' {{!}}{{!}} they, you (formal) {{!}}{{!}} ellos, ellas, ustedes
{{!}}}
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say '''yo estoy bien''', but '''estoy bien''', and you ask '''¿Cómo se llama?''' instead of '''¿Cómo se llama usted?''') because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In Spain the ''vosotros'' form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ''ustedes'' is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In Latin American countries ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina, parts of Uruguay, and some other countries, the ''tú'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). A good way to remember when to use &quot;estar&quot; is by using the rhyme, &quot;To tell how you feel or where you are, always use the verb estar.&quot; In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo ser''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) soy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú) eres/(vos) sos&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) es&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) son/(vosotros) sois&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) es&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) es&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; son&lt;br&gt;''(they) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario''' - ''El verbo estar''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt; Saying &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| 
{|
  |width=25%| 
  !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|singular
  !width=25%|formal
  !width=25%|plural
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''first person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;''(I) am''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''second person'''
  |colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| (tú/vos)&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; estás&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (usted) está&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ustedes) están/(vosotros) estáis&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''(you) are''
|-
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''third person'''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(él) está&lt;br&gt;''(he) is''
  | align=&quot;center&quot; |(ella) está&lt;br&gt;''(she) is''
  |align=&quot;center&quot;|  
  |align=&quot;center&quot;| (ellos/ellas)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; están&lt;br&gt;''(we) are''
|-
|colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot;| * The first form indicates usage most common of peninsular Spanish (also used in Mexico), and the second form indicates usage most common of South American Spanish.
|-
| colspan=5 style=&quot;font-size:75%; line-height:100%;&quot; | † The first form indicates the masculine plural, and the second form indicates the feminine plural.  In cases where the group in question is of mixed gender, the masculine is used.
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson 4|Lesson 4]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[media:Spanish_alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters, as are ''RR'' and ''R'' (though no words begin with ''RR'').  They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal'', and ''carro'' comes after ''carta''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Latin America to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraph ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''ll''' traditionally pronounced like lli in “million”, it is now pronounced like English y in “yes”, except that it is more voiced
*'''ñ''' like ni in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b'' (in Spanish there's no distinction for '''b''' and '''v''')
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;'''a'''rea&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;m'''e'''low&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as in &quot;'''i'''nto&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;'''o'''pera&quot;. (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;l'''u'''natic&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after '''q''' (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the &quot;u&quot; (sounds the same as the &quot;u&quot; in &quot;ultra&quot;) is pronounced similarly but with more strength to the English &quot;w&quot; forming a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ])

At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; 

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
{{Spanish}}</text>
      <sha1>n498kodi0hsgr9ofxxcrfyd75cocjku</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1238</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088453</id>
      <parentid>3849113</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T05:23:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>137.111.13.126</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rellena los espacios en blanco Fill in the blank */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="848" xml:space="preserve">[[Spanish/Lesson 5| ^Lesson 5^]]
----

=== Rellena los espacios en blanco ''Fill in the blank'' ===

1. Manuel tiene una bicicleta. _____ bicicleta es azul. ''Manuel no has a bike. His bike is blue''.

2. _____ clases son a las nueve de la mañana. ''My classes are at 9:00 am''.

3. Nosotros visitamos a _____ abuelos. ''We visit our grandparents''.

4. Los mexicanos tienen _____ día de independencia el 16 de septiembre. ''The Mexicans have their independence day on September 16''

5. ¿Pueden mostrarme _____ casa? ''Can you (plural) show me your house?''

6.  La clase de Señor Ford es fantástica. _____ clase es fantástica. ''Mr. Ford's (his) class is fantastic.''

----------------------------------------
[[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives - Solutions|Soluciones a los ejercicios]]

[[Spanish/Lesson 5| ^Lesson 5^]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>akfhynfjdltnq4bl6i0gzxx5hfu7pgp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Genealogy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4685</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088321</id>
      <parentid>3462401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:15:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2872" xml:space="preserve">'''Genealogy''' is the research of one's family history (or someone else's). What is included in &quot;family history&quot; varies depending on the individual researcher.

There's a table of contents on every page that will help you navigate the pages. If you want to skip to a certain page, look below.
== Table of contents ==
{{Book search}}
=== For everyone ===
* [[/Getting started/]]
** [[/Establish goals/]]
** [[/Work backwards/]]
** [[/Family interviews/]]
*** [[/Locating the previous overseas residence/]]
* [[/Online options/]]
** [[/Websites/]]
*** [[/FamilySearch/]]
*** [[/RootsWeb/]]
*** [[/Ancestry/]]
*** [[/Yahoo! Groups/]]
*** [[/Usenet Groups/]]
*** [[/Google Maps/]]
** [[/Mailing lists/]], etc.
** [[Developing Genealogy Web-Pages]]
* [[/Recording your research/]]
*** [[/Hard Copy/]]
*** [[/Software/]]
** [[/Archiving|Archiving your records]]
*** [[/Archiving/Paper documents|Archiving paper-based documents]]
*** [[/Archiving/Photographs|Archiving photos]]

=== Area-specific ===
* [[/Africa/]]
** [[/Egypt/]]
** [[/South Africa/]]
* [[/Asia/]]
** [[/Afghanistan/]]
** [[/China/]]
** [[/Iran/]]
** [[/Iraq/]]
** [[/Israel/]]
** [[/Pakistan/]]
** [[/Saudi Arabia/]]
** [[/Turkey/]]
* [[/Europe/]]
** [[/France/]]
** [[/Germany/]]
** [[/Italy/]]
** [[/Latvia/]]
** [[/Poland/]]
** [[/Portugal/]]
** [[/UK|United Kingdom]]
* [[/North America/]]
** [[/Canada/]]
** [[/Mexico/]]
** [[/US|United States]]
* [[/Oceania/]]
** [[/Australia/]]
** [[/New Zealand/]]
* [[/South America/]]
** [[/Brazil/]]

[[/Authors/]]

== External links ==
* [[w:Genealogy|Wikipedia - Genealogy]]
* [http://genealogy.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page The Genealogy Wikia, a free do-it-yourself site using the same software as Wikibooks]
* [http://wikitree.com WikiTree — wiki-based genealogical project]
* [http://en.rodovid.org Rodovid — wiki-based genealogical project with GEDCOM upload]
* [http://www.werelate.org WeRelate — wiki-based genealogical project with GEDCOM upload]

== Genealogy sites ==
* [http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/ US National Archives Genealogy Section]
* [http://www.academic-genealogy.com/ Family Genealogy and History Internet Education Directory]
* [http://www.familysearch.org/ Family Search - LDS Genealogy Site]
* [http://www.genealogybranches.com/ Genealogy Tips and Research Guides]
* [http://www.cyndislist.com/ Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet] - worldwide genealogy directory
* [http://www.genealogytoday.com/ Genealogy Resources, Newsletter and Databases for Family Tree History]
* [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/ Access Genealogy]
* [http://www.surnameweb.org/ Surname Web]
* [http://www.familyforest.com/resources.html Genealogy Resources at FamilyForest.com ]
* [http://www.genlias.nl Civil records from the Netherlands 1800~1920]

__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__
{{Shelves|Miscellaneous|History}}
{{alphabetical|G}}
{{status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>dsigbo3pu3fuxx2l4v08gpx1cst8cvc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ESFP</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088398</id>
      <parentid>4083209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:16:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>92.184.102.206</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Fictional ESFPs */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5514" xml:space="preserve">{{PersonalityTypeTOC}}

== Famous ESFP ==

* Justin Bieber (Canadian singer)
*Katy Perry (American singer, songwriter, and television judge)
*Paris Hilton (American media personality, socialite, businesswoman, model, singer, DJ, and actress)
*Hugh Hefner (American magazine publisher)
* Kim Kardashian (American media personality, socialite, model, and businesswoman)
*Will Smith (American actor, comedian)
* Dr. Mike (Youtube Celebrity, Physician)

==Fictional ESFPs==
*Lysandra (Throne of Glass)
*Fred and George Weasley (Harry Potter Series)
*Ariel (The Little Mermaid)
*Peter Pan (Peter Pan Movies)
*Mushu (Mulan)
*Dory (Finding Nemo)
*Miley Stewart (Hannah Montana)
*Homer Simpson (The Simpsons)
*Peter Griffin (Family Guy)
*Donkey (Shrek)
*Penny (The Big Bang Theory)
*Finnick Odair (The Hunger Games)
*Olaf (Frozen)
*Pikachu (Pokémon)
*Prince Naveen (The Princess and the Frog)
*Finn the Human (Adventure Time)
*Dandy Mott (American Horror Story)
*Thomas LeFroy (Becoming Jane)
*GoGo Tomago (Big Hero 6)
*Mr. Peanutbutter (Bojack Horseman)
*Gina Linetti (Brooklyn 99)
*Matt Murdock (Daredevil)
*Jimmy Kent (Downton Abbey)
*Rose MacClaire (Downton Abbey)

*Yzma (Emperor's New Groove)
*Stephanie Tanner (Full House)
*Ginger Grant (Gilligan's Island)
*Sookie St. James (Gilmore Girls)
*Maya Hart (Girl Meets World)
*Serena Vanderwoodsen (Gossip Girl)
*Daisy Buchannan (The Great Gatsby)
*Sid (Ice Age)
*Disgust (Inside Out)
*Legolas (The Lord of the Rings)
*Phil Dunphy (Modern Family)
*Summer Roberts (The O.C)
*Michael Scott (The Office)
*Anna (Once Upon A Time)
*Ruby (Once Upon A Time)
*August Booth (Once Upon A Time)
*Cruella DeVil (101 Dalmations)
*Percy Jackson (Percy Jackson)
*Elizabeth Swann (Pirates of the Caribbean)
*Hanna Marin (Pretty Little Liars)
*Lydia Bennet (Pride and Prejudice)
*Moses (Prince of Egypt)
*Tzippora (Prince of Egypt)
*Bridget Vreeland (Sisterhood of the Travelling Pants)
*Jack Dawson (Titanic)
*Titus Andromedon (The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt)
*Louis Zamperini (Unbreakable)
*Lexi Branson (Vampire Diaries)
*Nora Hildegard (Vampire Diaries)
*Vicki Donovan (Vampire Diaries)
*Elizabeth Woodville (White Queen)
*Xena (Xena Warrior Princess)
*America Chavez (Young Avengers)
*Joey Tribbiani (Friends)
*Rachel Green (Friends)
*Kronk (The Emperor's New Groove)
*Ms. Frizzle (The Magic School Bus)
*Andy Dwyer (Parks and Recreation)
*Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
*Eijiro Kirishima (My Hero Academia)
*Misa Amane (Death Note) 
*Madison Montgomery  (American Horror Story)
*Star Butterfly (Star vs the Forces of Evil)
*Nishinoya yuu (haikyu!!)

==ESFPs at work and school==
ESFPs see work as play. They like to whistle, drum, sing, talk or joke while they are doing work to keep what they are learning fun for them. This could cause teachers, mostly SJs, to feel that they are not paying attention. It could also be disturbing to people who like quiet when they think. ESFPs learn best when they are having fun. They also look at the person who is speaking to them as they can feel sound vibrations strongly. As they work they celebrate small accomplishments in what they are doing before moving on to the next, happy for what they have done, rather then being sad at what they still have to do. 
When they work with more logical things such as mathematics, they want to know how it relates to life right now. Preferring a hands-on approach, subjects like those can bore them. 
Their favorite subjects are ones that they have an interest in and ones that they can do things with and apply to the world around them. Music, drama, dance, competitive sports and computers are among many they like. They may also go into those areas when choosing their careers. Careers that may appeal to ESFPs are: actor, musician, stand up comedian, dancer, dance instructor, their favorite position in their sport of choice, gardener, painter, sculptor and chef. Sometimes though, it's hard for them to decide.

==ESFPs in relationships==
ESFPs are warm, loving, generous and sympathetic. They especially like physical affection such as hugs, kisses, petting on the head, massages, snuggles, tickles, and just being held. They show their love through those ways as well as surprising friends and loved ones with gifts. They want fun, variety, spontaneity, travel and adventure in their relationships and are usually not keen on settling down. This could be because of fear of rejection, commitment or because they found someone else. They like to keep things light and happy and not get into anything deep and lasting unless they are sure and have thought it out, which could take a while. This could cause their mates to express impatience which would make the ESFPs nervous and withdraw from them. ESFPs do not do well with anxiety, and are highly sensitive. When they can't make people smile with their charming ways and their playfulness, they feel bad as though it was their fault and leave.
When they are in their best mood, they are seen as bouncy, hyperactive and childlike. They go from one activity to another so they won't be bored. When feeling their worst, they are moody, likely to beat themselves up (physically and/or mentally), call themselves unintelligent, think nobody takes them seriously and feel better after a good cry.

==How to deal with an ESFP==
Explain things clearly, Appeal to their common sense, Do something they enjoy with them, Discuss things over a break in the action and then get right back into the fun, give them lots of tlc.


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4cnmg959lnkwirspiowx3wkq598u5gq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088409</id>
      <parentid>4088398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:36:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xania</username>
        <id>40302</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/92.184.102.206|92.184.102.206]] ([[User talk:92.184.102.206|talk]]) to last version by MoranLipo</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5488" xml:space="preserve">{{PersonalityTypeTOC}}

== Famous ESFP ==

* Justin Bieber (Canadian singer)
*Katy Perry (American singer, songwriter, and television judge)
*Paris Hilton (American media personality, socialite, businesswoman, model, singer, DJ, and actress)
*Hugh Hefner (American magazine publisher)
* Kim Kardashian (American media personality, socialite, model, and businesswoman)
*Will Smith (American actor, comedian)
* Dr. Mike (Youtube Celebrity, Physician)

==Fictional ESFPs==
*Lysandra (Throne of Glass)
*Fred and George Weasley (Harry Potter Series)
*Ariel (The Little Mermaid)
*Peter Pan (Peter Pan Movies)
*Mushu (Mulan)
*Dory (Finding Nemo)
*Miley Stewart (Hannah Montana)
*Homer Simpson (The Simpsons)
*Peter Griffin (Family Guy)
*Donkey (Shrek)
*Penny (The Big Bang Theory)
*Finnick Odair (The Hunger Games)
*Olaf (Frozen)
*Pikachu (Pokémon)
*Prince Naveen (The Princess and the Frog)
*Finn the Human (Adventure Time)
*Dandy Mott (American Horror Story)
*Thomas LeFroy (Becoming Jane)
*GoGo Tomago (Big Hero 6)
*Mr. Peanutbutter (Bojack Horseman)
*Gina Linetti (Brooklyn 99)
*Matt Murdock (Daredevil)
*Jimmy Kent (Downton Abbey)
*Rose MacClaire (Downton Abbey)

*Yzma (Emperor's New Groove)
*Stephanie Tanner (Full House)
*Ginger Grant (Gilligan's Island)
*Sookie St. James (Gilmore Girls)
*Maya Hart (Girl Meets World)
*Serena Vanderwoodsen (Gossip Girl)
*Daisy Buchannan (The Great Gatsby)
*Sid (Ice Age)
*Disgust (Inside Out)
*Legolas (The Lord of the Rings)
*Phil Dunphy (Modern Family)
*Summer Roberts (The O.C)
*Michael Scott (The Office)
*Anna (Once Upon A Time)
*Ruby (Once Upon A Time)
*August Booth (Once Upon A Time)
*Cruella DeVil (101 Dalmations)
*Percy Jackson (Percy Jackson)
*Elizabeth Swann (Pirates of the Caribbean)
*Hanna Marin (Pretty Little Liars)
*Lydia Bennet (Pride and Prejudice)
*Moses (Prince of Egypt)
*Tzippora (Prince of Egypt)
*Bridget Vreeland (Sisterhood of the Travelling Pants)
*Jack Dawson (Titanic)
*Titus Andromedon (The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt)
*Louis Zamperini (Unbreakable)
*Lexi Branson (Vampire Diaries)
*Nora Hildegard (Vampire Diaries)
*Vicki Donovan (Vampire Diaries)
*Elizabeth Woodville (White Queen)
*Xena (Xena Warrior Princess)
*America Chavez (Young Avengers)
*Joey Tribbiani (Friends)
*Rachel Green (Friends)
*Kronk (The Emperor's New Groove)
*Ms. Frizzle (The Magic School Bus)
*Andy Dwyer (Parks and Recreation)
*Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
*Eijiro Kirishima (My Hero Academia)
*Misa Amane (Death Note) 
*Madison Montgomery  (American Horror Story)
*Star Butterfly (Star vs the Forces of Evil)

==ESFPs at work and school==
ESFPs see work as play. They like to whistle, drum, sing, talk or joke while they are doing work to keep what they are learning fun for them. This could cause teachers, mostly SJs, to feel that they are not paying attention. It could also be disturbing to people who like quiet when they think. ESFPs learn best when they are having fun. They also look at the person who is speaking to them as they can feel sound vibrations strongly. As they work they celebrate small accomplishments in what they are doing before moving on to the next, happy for what they have done, rather then being sad at what they still have to do. 
When they work with more logical things such as mathematics, they want to know how it relates to life right now. Preferring a hands-on approach, subjects like those can bore them. 
Their favorite subjects are ones that they have an interest in and ones that they can do things with and apply to the world around them. Music, drama, dance, competitive sports and computers are among many they like. They may also go into those areas when choosing their careers. Careers that may appeal to ESFPs are: actor, musician, stand up comedian, dancer, dance instructor, their favorite position in their sport of choice, gardener, painter, sculptor and chef. Sometimes though, it's hard for them to decide.

==ESFPs in relationships==
ESFPs are warm, loving, generous and sympathetic. They especially like physical affection such as hugs, kisses, petting on the head, massages, snuggles, tickles, and just being held. They show their love through those ways as well as surprising friends and loved ones with gifts. They want fun, variety, spontaneity, travel and adventure in their relationships and are usually not keen on settling down. This could be because of fear of rejection, commitment or because they found someone else. They like to keep things light and happy and not get into anything deep and lasting unless they are sure and have thought it out, which could take a while. This could cause their mates to express impatience which would make the ESFPs nervous and withdraw from them. ESFPs do not do well with anxiety, and are highly sensitive. When they can't make people smile with their charming ways and their playfulness, they feel bad as though it was their fault and leave.
When they are in their best mood, they are seen as bouncy, hyperactive and childlike. They go from one activity to another so they won't be bored. When feeling their worst, they are moody, likely to beat themselves up (physically and/or mentally), call themselves unintelligent, think nobody takes them seriously and feel better after a good cry.

==How to deal with an ESFP==
Explain things clearly, Appeal to their common sense, Do something they enjoy with them, Discuss things over a break in the action and then get right back into the fun, give them lots of tlc.


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>p1n830h2wqjrk3dcgl1gvmrplyxp3hn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/User/Docs</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088406</id>
      <parentid>4087632</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:13:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="110192" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

==What is AROS==

Google translation 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Italian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=da&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Danish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Polish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ja&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Japanese], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ko&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Korean], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Portuguese], [http://translation2.paralink.com/ Free Translation] , [http://translation.babylon.com/ Babylon Translation] , 
[http://babelfish.yahoo.com/ Babel fish] 


*Computer Hardware
*AROS (operating system)
*Applications and Games
*User


[http://www.osnews.com/story/15819 AROS] is one of the intermediate levels between the computer hardware and the user. It is an open-source, clean-room implementation of AmigaOS 3.x that can be run on many different computer architectures. It runs primarily on x86 32bit and 64bit (as 32bit) hardware but also on motorola 68k and compatibles, AMD/Intel x86_64bit (work in progress), ARM and PowerPC. 

This page will cover enough to be able to write the downloaded image to your preferred media, to run a LiveUSB, LiveCD or LiveDVD on your office/home PC (Live meaning you can test without changing your existing setup) and, ultimately, to use it.  

Intel / AMD hardware support mostly covers the years 2000 to 2010, AROS has diminished support afterwards especially for SATA and USB3 (2014 onwards) which may prevent successful booting. At the moment, AROS is '''not''' recommended to be installed on a working vital data holding machine. Instead, installing to its own separate hard disk or '''USB stick''' is a much better option. 

AROS is an hobby OS and can co-exist with Windows(TM), MacOSX(TM), Android(TM) or Linux and act as an alternative. 
Unfortunately, Aros has few developers so upgrades and improvements can take [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/mailman/aros-cvs/ time to appear]. 

AROS core is now [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs ~80%] finished and is usable, so keep in mind that the software is still considered ALPHA/BETA and in development. Currently AROS is fun to play with on a curiosity level, but it is also interesting to program.  AROS has some multimedia features and has internet access.  

Most importantly, use AROS to its maximum potential as it stands now, find ways to have fun with it and share your experiences. 


Good Sites to visit 

: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86 m68k] 
: [http://vmwaros.blogspot.com Icaros Desktop]
: [http://tinyaros.flazio.com/home Tiny Aros]
: [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone AspireOS, of the netbook Aspire One]


: [https://ae.amigalife.org/ AROS-Exec community forum] 
: [https://www.arosworld.org/home.php Aros World User forum] 


: [http://archives.aros-exec.org/ Aros Archives] 
: [http://planet-aros.heimstetten.net/ Overview of AROS activity], [https://www.facebook.com/ArosWorkshop/ Aros Workshop], 
: [https://aros.sourceforge.io AROS]
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Codebase]
: [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/bugs/ Sourceforge Bug List]. 
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues Issues]


: [http://www.amiga.org/ Amiga OS AOS 3.x forum] 
: [http://eab.abime.net/ EAB Amiga] 
: [http://www.amigaworld.net/ AmigaWorld] 
: [http://www.amiga-news.de/en/ English translation of German site]
: [http://www.ppa.pl/ Polish Amiga Like News] 
: [http://www.amigaforum.de/ Amiga Forum] 
: [http://www.apollo-core.com/knowledge.php Apollo Forum] 


: [http://arosalive.blogspot.co.uk/p/10-basic-aros-how-tos-tutorials.html Basic How To guides] 
: [http://arosgamer.blogspot.co.uk/ AROS Playground], [http://salvatoreabbatemusic.webnode.it/aros/ Sabbate Aros uses], [http://thewetmachine.net/tag/aros/ Jess Wet Machine], [https://aroshacking.wordpress.com/ Jon Robertson's AROS Experiences and FPC Free Pascal], [], [http://www.apollo-accelerators.com/ Apollo Accelerators m68k], [http://www.amigablogs.net/ Amiga Blogs], [http://blog.a-eon.biz/blog/ Trevor Dickinson blog], [http://www.pegasos.org/index.php?name=Planet Genesi activity], 


*[https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=615.0 Aros Exec Discord] 
* IRC channel setup at the IRC network ??. To reach it, use the following data: 
* alternative irc.superhosts.net - #team*amiga - port 6667 for everything amiga on Sunday Nights. 


== Distributions aka Distros ==

For end users there are the distributions, mostly created and maintained by one person. 

* For native 64bit Intel/AMD (work in progress wip) : 
* For Intel/AMD 32bit which will run on 64bit machines: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86], [http://vmwaros.blogspot.co.uk/ Icaros Desktop], [http://tinyaros.flazio.com/home Tiny Aros], [http://www.aros-broadway.de/files/6f250c95673eb3cbe65221a5e1633eb8-75.html Broadway], [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone/home AspireOS] 
* For ARM there is Aeros and wip native Pi 
* For 68k [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One m68k], [http://www.aros-platform.de/ AROS Vision] [http://www.natami-news.de/html/aros_vision.html Old Site for AROS Vision] and [http://www.aeros-os.org/styled-11/ AMINUX - Amithlon like] 
* For Hosted on Linux [http://www.aros-broadway.de/files/6f250c95673eb3cbe65221a5e1633eb8-75.html Aeros], AMINUX, 


AROS Native is the term coined to describe AROS being run without any OS underneath it. It runs alone just like AmigaOS(TM) did. As this version does not benefit from &quot;Hosted&quot; drivers, dedicated ones have to be ported/written. Hence the smaller range of supported hardware peripherals. We have other pages highlighting this support 


AROS was originally developed on Linux running on an Intel-based computer, but now can be run as an app on many more operating systems (FreeBSD, Linux and Windows). This may sound strange: an OS running on top of another OS. 
Basically, this is to take advantage of existing Linux or Windows drivers (audio, internet, graphics, etc) and compiler environments with which people may be already familiar. The term we use for what AROS does is &quot;Hosted&quot;. 


==Media==

* USB [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86], 

* MD5 e089a24ae310e92fcc407a0125602ce8  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
* SHA1 1ba852b20f0372bfe40b95576cdc4d054abb6e58  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
* SHA256 ef98ea9fa89b15bc03399916a8264fcdf061a311ba70876f09bb7fab9371c686  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
* CRC32 e2c84cb3  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip

There is a vhd image inside the zip that can be written to usb sticks which is much faster than the old ISO method 
This .vhd can be written to an usb with these pieces of software 


Windows - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ RPi Raspberry Imager, use custom and see all files 
], [https://etcher.download/download-etcher/ Etcher], [https://rufus.ie/ Rufus],  

Linux   - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ Raspberry Imager Ubuntu], Suse Image / Multi writer, dd, 

Mac     - 


* Virtual Machine 
You can use a virtual emulator like VirtualBox, VMWare to mount the iso image which can then be used to boot and install to USB. 

Icaros 2.3 USB image needs an header stripped so it can work correctly 
 dd bs=512 skip=1 status=progress if=icaros_light_2-3-0_pendrive.bin of=icaros_light_2-3-0_pendrive_OK.bin &amp;&amp; sync


* CD/DVD

* MD5 f1fc8599ef6a39e5df394e0f41d55526  AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
* SHA1 533a853ff25f57d8464cb9686982753f44b14a2b  AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
* SHA256 4400a284013f726655b59b6307c03a4ccc0031ab01f9ae9ebe9e30fac874ac0b  AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
* CRC32 39fcc346  AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip

Previously the only installation option was CD-RW or DVD-RW, since the whole system can be burnt onto a single disk and can be reused when the next version is released. Good branded discs like Taiyo Yuden (JVC) or Verbatim should be used to reduce frustration later. The days for this media is gone but kept here for information 

Since nobody currently sells AROS on any other media, you will need access to a CD/DVD burner to create the installation disk yourself. After it is on a CD or DVD, then access and writing to USB pendrives becomes available (this should be viewed as an alternative method now), as well as using good USB manufacturers like Sandisk, Kingston, etc rather than some other no-names. 

Try burning it to a CD-RW or DVD-RW using your CD/DVD burning program (most burning software have a burn iso option). The ideal writing speed is 2x or 4x, higher speeds can give errors and problems.  Check the writing integrity of your CD or DVD if your software has an option to do so before going any further. 


*SD-card
For ARM Pi Aros, copy the files onto a FAT32 formatted SD card. 


==Booting==

The LiveUSB and in the past LiveCD LiveDVD was designed to trial (test drive) various operating systems without having to install them to your working system 

 You may have to press F10 or F12 or p on boot up to present a device boot options like usb or cd/dvd 

The boot should be fully automatic, and if everything works you should see a multiple choice graphic card screen after a little while (USB seconds, CDs and DVDs can be a little more than a minute). 

Since 2011, UEFI introduction to replace the BIOS made booting got more confusing. Some changes may be needed 
*UEFI to CSM, IDE mode 
*disabled the Fast Boot config so it would recognize portable DVD-drive and changed the Boot-sequence
*disabled the Secure Boot configuration.  

AHCI sata is very difficult to get working

* Once installed to hard-disk, AROS takes a few seconds on a fast SSD, up to 20 secs when on USB stick or up to 45 seconds to boot from mechanical HD as opposed to over 1 minute to boot from a CD/DVD. Most apps respond quickly when launched from SSD or hard disk. But CD DVD access is slower. 


For Virtual machines VMWare VirtualBox, etc, attach and press play to start the ISO image 

 If booting hasn't worked then it could be down to Bios/UEFI settings or USB3 (2014 onwards)  


=====UEFI and GPT=====

 Post 2011 machines - editing these settings should be avoided until AROS has better AHCI sata support 

* Check that UEFI (replacement for PC BIOS) has options set for UEFI boot, CSM, SecureBoot etc  
* SATA drive is set for AHCI and not Legacy 

Most Windows installs are already set to AHCI sata, changing this to a legacy IDE mode setting will not boot again until changed back 


===== BIOS and msdos =====

Pre 2010 this was the defacto method of providing settings to the computer at a lower level 

Some adjustments to the BIOS setup options (usually by pressing a key like DEL, F2 or ESC on the very early boot up of the computer). 

*Adjust booting options like moving USB hdd, CDROM higher as it is quite often disabled or placed lower by default, i.e. USB hdd, CD/DVD are placed at the top above the hard drive. Try looking here [http://www.windowsreinstall.com/articles/bios/ Windows] or [http://www.hiren.info/pages/bios-boot-cdrom Bios] or [http://www.wikihow.com/Set-Bios-to-Boot-from-a-CD-ROM Boot] or web search &quot;BIOS BOOT CDROM&quot;

* At the '''SAME''' time, check if the SATA/AHCI option is set to Emulate or IDE Legacy, though this can have '''issues''' with any OS already on the hard disk. If in doubt, do nothing and seek advice. 

* check that under BIOS settings you '''DO NOT''' have plug&amp;play OS selected as Aros at this point is unable to route interrupts on its own and needs the BIOS to do that. 

'''Save''' options changed at the end. 


=====Advice for various machines=====

Stages involved in a typical AROS boot start up but be aware that VESA mode gives no visual output whilst booting. It maybe beneficial to use vga (4bit mode - safe mode).


&lt;pre&gt;
ACPI: ????
[HPET] 
[Kernel:ACPI]
[Kernel:SMP APIC]
[PCI] Scanning bus ? 

[ehciInit] Port ? maps to controller ? 
[AHCI] Sata 

[BattClock] Got RTC century offset 0x32 from ACPI 
[Vesa]  only if vesa is chosen as graphics option 

[ATA] detect hd &amp; cd drives 
[ATA0?] ata-identity 
[Boot] choose suitable boot option 
[packet] fat.handler be.handler, etc 
[DOS] 

waiting for bootable media 

[MSS] USB setup
[drm] nouveau 
[ATI]
&lt;/pre&gt;

; If boot fails, please give us some indication where the boot stops and the message(s) on screen. 


AROS's native SATA/AHCI driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ahci.device, try disabling it. At your chosen boot entry in the GRUB menu, Press E, scroll down to the ahci.device entry, and delete it with Ctrl-K. Then press Ctrl-X or F10 to boot. 

If your disk isn't accessible at all with this change, you might need to change the SATA controller to IDE legacy mode in the BIOS: however, making this change will likely cause problems booting Windows on the same machine (if it's already installed). To disable ahci.device permanently, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub/cfg&quot;, and remove the ahci.device line from all boot entries you intend to use.

SATA AHCI Timeout while waiting for device to complete operations with BIOS SATA entry set to AHCI mode stops at &quot;waiting for bootable media&quot; screen, changing BIOS SATA setting back to IDE mode may allow it to continue booting 


The ATA driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ata.device, try using the alternative in sys:devs/alt which is an older version.  Press E when your chosen boot entry is highlighted in the GRUB menu, scroll down to the ata.device entry, and change it to read &quot;module /Devs/Alt/ata.device&quot;. Then press Ctrl-X to boot. To make this change permanent, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub/cfg&quot;, and change the path to ata.device in all boot entries you intend to use.


Further options (removing the &quot; &quot;) to add to the GRUB menus to disable certain other components for debugging:

&lt;pre&gt;
Disable ATA:           &quot;ATA=off&quot;
Disable ATA:           &quot;ATA=nopci,nolegacy&quot;
ATA safe mode:         &quot;ATA=nodma,32bit&quot;
Disable IDE from SATA: &quot;ATA=32bit,nosata2pata&quot;
ATA=nodma,nopoll  old VIA or SIS chipset motherboards with cdrom read io errors 

noacpi - boot option causes all [PCI] devices to be invisible to AROS. disk drives work but network, sound won't 

Disable AHCI/SATA: remove ahci.device line with Ctrl-K.
Disable USB: remove pciusb.device and poseidon.library lines with Ctrl-K.
Disable native graphics: &quot;nomonitors&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt; 

Other useful grub command line options - nomonitors, noacpi, vesahack, nopoll 

Press Ctrl and X together (or F10) to exit and boot with the new options. Just experiment with different variations until successful. Those working options will need to be reused with every reboot of AROS until you can edit the grub.cfg and make it permanent ie. install to hard disk or USB. 


* If you use VESA mode, you can see the debug log if you add 'vesahack' to the command  line.  This  will set up split-screen mode. In the upper half you'll see AROS screen, in the bottom - debug log. 
* ACPI ie. PCI hardware - If  you  get  crashes  at  early boot, try adding 'NOACPI' to the command line 


If all else fails, try a nightly iso build and add the option sysdebug=all to the grub line as that is able to report more feedback 


However, if you feel you have found a genuine bug/fault in AROS that needs attention, please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=439463&amp;group_id=43586&amp;func=browse bug submission form] to record as much information about what happened, why, and what hardware etc. you have so that people may try to assist you 


==Installing==

We have a specific section for each CPU platform under the Specific platforms in the NavBar navigation bar on the right hand side menu 

error code (-6) when using the ahci.device (has writing to disk problem but not reading) is enabled. change this line in your grub and reboot 
&lt;pre&gt;
#module /Devs/ahci.device      &lt;&lt; disable
module /Devs/Alt/ata.device    &lt;&lt; add this line instead
&lt;/pre&gt;


==File structure overview==

AROS' directory structure is mostly identical to AmigaOS directory structure, with some additions.

AROS: or SYS: also known as DH0: (i.e. the drive partition with AROS system) has the following simplified list of the main drawers (Amigas term for directories/folders). 


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|C:
| small apps, where AROS looks first for applications/games but will look at Tools, System afterwards
|----
|Devs:
| .audio, .hidd, network, graphics and other hardware device drivers are stored
|----
|L:
| where .handler files go 
|----
|Libs:
| where .library files go 
|----
|Prefs:
| applications that adjust or setup AROS functions and capabilities 
|----
|S:
| startup scripts (for the aros boot process '''not''' grub) are stored here
|----
|Storage:
| place to keep old or alternative device drivers
|----
|System:
| applications associated with AROS operating system
|----
|Tools:
| extra applications
|----
|}

See [[Aros/User/DOS#Drives.2C_Files.2C_Assigns.2C_Directories|DOS manual: Drives, Files, Assigns, Directories]]


=== Filesystem ===

Whilst the kernel is the heart, the filesystem is the blood of the system... 


Filesystem options for AROS to install 
* SFS default 
* Professional File System PFS3 [http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=52234&amp;highlight=pfs3+free&amp;page=13 m68k] 
* FFS old left for legacy usage 

Other filesystems for storage purposes 
* NTFS
* exFAT 

The Smart File System (SFS) is a journaling filesystem used on Amiga computers and AmigaOS-derived operating systems. It is designed for performance, scalability and integrity, offering improvements over standard Amiga filesystems as well as some special or unique features.  

SFS is written in C and was originally created and released as freeware in 1998 by John Hendrikx. After the original author left the Amiga scene in 2000, the source code to SFS was released and its development continued by Ralph Schmidt in MorphOS. 

Its development has now forked; as well as the original Amiga version, there are now versions for MorphOS, AROS, AmigaOS 3, and a version for AmigaOS 4, which have different feature sets but remain compatible to each other.  Versions for AROS, AmigaOS and MorphOS are based on different branches.  

In addition, there is a driver for Linux to read Amiga SFS volumes, GRUB natively supports it and there are free drivers to use it from UEFI.  The Linux version is [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ independent code].  

SFS (Smart File System) partially defragments itself while the filesystem is in use. The defragmentation process is almost completely stateless 

AROS SFS version has a 120GB partition size limit on hard disks and DVDs current 4gig size limit. 
The sources for the MorphOS 64-bit version of SFS were available but no porting to AROS has happened so far due to endian issues, etc. 

SFS Tools 
* GUI - arSFSDoctor, 
* CLI - sfscheck , [http://www.portacall.org/ sfsundelete], sfsformat, setcache hits a usability ceiling around the 10GB / 100,000 file mark, 

 sfscheck dh0: seek purge fraglist defragment

If there are two simultaneous file writes in progress and you reboot machine (or it locks up or crashes) you may end up with a corrupted filesystem. Although arSFSDoctor may help, you might have to copy the files to another partition, format the partition with the errors on and copy the files back. 

A bit error on the harddisk would give this error. 


PFS / SFS are way more advanced and much much faster than the FFS. FFS is supported for legacy reasons only. 
The Professional File System (PFS) is a filesystem originally developed commercially for the Amiga and now distributed on Aminet with a 4-clause BSD license. It is a compatible successor of AmiFileSafe (AFS), with an emphasis on added reliability and speed compared to standard Amiga filesystems.  It also features multi-user abilities like the older MuFS. 

PFS has so many advantages including the important things, speed, the ability to recover all deleted files even simply same name by typing the command &quot;. Deldir&quot; convenient if done in Directory Opus, virtually deleted files are copied normally as if they had never been deleted, other convenience is to not ever invalidate the filesystem, just put it on top of the startup-sequence command &quot;diskvalid&quot;, which automatically corrects any irregularities in the system startup; PFS also provides a device for floppy which makes them very fast and takes advantage of the full capacity of the floppy including the area dedicated to the bootloader.

The device is split into two main areas. At the beginning of the device is the metadata section, which consists of a root block, and a generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store metadata. The rest of the device is another contiguous generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store data. The metadata section usually uses a few percent of the device, depending on the size of the device.

The metadata is stored as a tree of single blocks in the metadata section. The entire directory structure is recorded in the metadata, so the data section purely contains data from files. The metadata describes the location of data in files with extents of blocks, which makes the metadata quite compact.   

When a metadata update occurs, the system looks at the block containing the metadata to be changed, and copies it to a newly allocated block from the metadata section, with the change made, then it recursively changes the metadata in the block that points to that block in the same way. This way, eventually the root block needs to be changed, which causes the atomic metadata update.   

The filesystem is reasonably good at keeping files unfragmented, although there is a defragmentation tool available which will work on an online filesystem ie whilst being used. 

It was the first filesystem to introduce the concept of the Recycle Bin natively at filesystem-level to the Amiga, holding the last few deleted files in a hidden directory on the disk root.  

PFS version 5.3 was developed in C and a small portion of assembly code by Michiel Pelt.  There are endian issues to be overcome and adapting the small amount of m68k to C before use on intel based machines, etc.  


Autoupdate of files in a directory is already implemented in Wanderer, but not all file systems handle dos.library/StartNotify() in its full extent. It seems to work correctly in Ram Disk (thanks to AmberRAM handler), and it also works on SFS formatted devices. Other file systems might not yet have it implemented correctly though. 

The PC equivalent of the Amiga's RDB is the master boot record (MBR).


===Installing Applications===

The typical means to install applications under AROS/AmigaOS involves simply copying/extracting the archive (.zip .lha .rar .tar.gz) file containing the applications files to your own desired location i.e. drawer/folder. Once extracted, launching it by double clicking on an icon (recommended) or using the shell (alternative). Generally, this is on a separate partition from your AROS system files, however in reality it can be any location - including RAM: if you don't want it staying around too long especially when you switch off. 

At some time in the future it may be desirable for AROS to have a package-manager like subsystem able to retrieve information online about packages available for AROS and whether they update anything you currently have installed, however at the moment no such ability exists.


===User Data files===

AmigaOS has no notion of a default location to store user data files, and presently neither does AROS - though it may be desirable at some time to provide a common start location.

For most people, extra small FAT32 NTFS partition(s) as well as the usual Sys: (DH0:) and Work: (DH1:) / Briefcase (DU1:) partitions to store data seems preferable.  Especially if a reinstall is ever needed.  


===User Environment configuration files===

AmigaOS/AROS stores persistent system configuration data in directory assigned to ENVARC:.  This, by default, points to SYS:Prefs/EnvArc.

During boot a copy is made to another assign, ENV:, which is for runtime usage.  Changes to the files here will not survive a reboot.

Setting the env variables is generally done by applications themselves, or when neccessary by the user using the SetEnv command. SetEnv has a SAVE switch to force the persistent copy in ENVARC: to be written also for when you are sure the change should be permanent.

Under the standard installation of AmigaOS style OSs, ENVARC: is copied to ENV: upon startup, which, if you have a hard drive installation, is in RAM:, hence, ENV: ends up being RAM:Env.

ENVARC: is the Environment Archive, which is the permanent copy of ENV:, which is the Environment.  It's roughly like the Registry in Windoze. 

Most programs do (and all should) store their settings in ENVARC: somewhere, and load them from ENV:.  The effect of this can be seen in the Preference editors.  If you Save your preferences, they go in ENVARC: and ENV:.  If you click Use, they only go in ENV:.  If you reboot, normally, anything saved to ENV: is lost, and is replaced with a copy of what is in ENVARC:.


===Drivers===

All hardware support is placed in the Devs drawer (folder/directory). The network drivers &lt;something.device&gt; go in the Networks sub-drawer. Audio drivers &lt;something.audio&gt; are put in the AHI sub-drawer. Graphics drivers &lt;something.hidd&gt; are put in the Drivers sub-drawer. 


==Configuring==

Changing the background, icons, font, menus with SYS:Prefs/Zune 

AROS has several desktop GUI front ends like 
* DOpus5 Magellan, Wanderer and Scalos (medium) 
* AROS Workbench, Workbook (smaller) 

File / Directory managers like Dopus4, MCAmiga, 

App Launch Shortcuts like FKey, Amistart, BoingIconBar, right mouse click on magellan, wanderer desktop, etc 

General usability decisions - Prefs/IControl, 


Most apps can be autostarted by copying into SYS:WBStartup directory folder 
e.g. WeatherBar.zip can be downloaded, unzip and the contents of the zip copied to wbstartup folder 

or add a text line to user-startup is SYS:S (scripts version of wbstartup) 

e.g. standard Amiga / AROS does not allow clicking of background windows to come to the front to make it easy to get to the window you need but it has the ability if these apps are copied again to WBStartUp or are added to SYS:S/user-startup script 

 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/ClickToFront &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/DepthMenu &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;Nil: 


Exchange controls Commodities and can be opened with alt, ctrl, h 

Although there are heaps of docks, menus and other launcher programs on the Amiga like OSs, FKey has got to be one of the quickest and less complicated ways to launch programs, and it comes with the OS. 

In SYS:Tools/Commodities, the FKey commodity (Ctrl Alt F) allows you to make actions assigned to some combinations of keys 

&lt;pre&gt;
ALT TAB       Cycle Windows
              Cycle Screens
              Enlarge Window
              Shrink Window
              Toggle Window Size
              Insert Text
              Run Program
              Run Arexx Script
&lt;/pre&gt;

e.g.
&lt;pre&gt;
LAmiga F1               = Avail Flush
LAmiga F2               = Open Prefs
LAmiga F3               = Finder
Alt Tab                 = Cycle Windows
LAmiga Tab or M         = Cycle Screens
Alt Up arrow            = Enlarge Window 
Alt Down arrow          = Shrink Window
Alt Home                = Toggle Window Size 
                        = Insert Text             
LAmiga e                = Run Program             
                        = Run Arexx Script        
&lt;/pre&gt;

If your FKey GUI pops up when you start your Workbench up and you don't want it to, click once on the icon, go to the Icons-Information in the menu and make sure it has the tooltype set &quot;CX_POPUP=NO&quot;. 

Now let's launch it and assign the locale switching. After you double-click on FKey icon, launch the Exchange, choose the FKey from list and click the Show button. This will invoke the FKey window. You can see the ALT TAB in list assigned to window switching. Now enter the first key combination, say, ALT Z and go to the right panel. Choose Launch the program from pulldown menu and enter SYS:Prefs/Input as an argument. Append the USE switch and english preset name to the string as shown:

SYS:Prefs/Input USE SYS:Prefs/Presets/english

Click on the New Button to add the another combination. Now set the combination for your locale as shown above, replacing English name with your preset name. Click New button again and then Save Settings. Now you can use defined combinations to switch the layouts.


Although not needed by most users, the system wide ARexx script capability can manage many file manipulation task(s) but this would work only with those program that support [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx ARexx] like 

*Desktop - DOpus5, Scalos 
*Dock - FKey, 
*Files - Multiview, DOpus4, 
*Internet Apps - Odyssey, WookieChat, 
*General Apps - 


the shell can be modified with escape strings but not needed in most cases 


 Common Keyboard Shortcuts

&lt;pre&gt;
RAlt Right Alt Key 
LAlt Left Alt Key 
RWinKey Right Windows Key 
LWinKey Left Windows Key 
RAmiga Right Amiga Key (if one)
LAmiga Left Amiga Key (if one)
&lt;/pre&gt;

;Bootup Options 
:Spacebar during boot, enters the bootmenu which allows a boot without startup sequence, etc  

;Left Click 
:LAmiga = LWinKey = F11 

;Right Click 
:RAmiga = RWinKey = F12 

;Mark 
:RAmiga and B 

;Cut 
:RAmiga and X 

;Copy 
:RAmiga and C 

;Paste 
:RAmiga and V 

;Search 
:RAmiga and S 

;Mouse Movement 
LAmiga and together with arrow keys - shift as well at the same time as well to move faster 

;Mouse Selection 
LAmiga and LAlt to select 

;Screen Switching 
LAmiga and M or N 

;HELP key 
Can sometimes be mapped to F11 but can be changed via FKey 


===DOpus 5 Directory Magellan===

Dopus 5.x is a whole desktop replacement on the Amiga Workbench (Desktop). 

Left mouse button clicked twice on the desktop background brings up the Device List window. 
Green strip notifies SRCE (source) and if another is open it may be red for DEST (destination). clicking on the red strip changes to green 

Word list of actions with a left mouse click on the DOWN Arrow and directory stuff with &lt; button next to it 

single-key hotkeys? exactly the same as in dopus4, edit your functions (button bank, toolbar, menus etc.) and under the flags gadget is a key gadget, just click in it and press the key you want to use.

As for the extra text field... try turning off Extended lister key selection in environment / miscellaneous.


Settings (Right Win key together with 4) -&gt; Themes i.e.      assign D5THEMES: DOPUS5:Themes 

*Toolbar  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 1) for Copy, Move, Delete, etc above the Device List 
*Listers  -&gt; Menu (Right Win Key together with 2) 
*Buttons  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 3) unknown 
*Settings -&gt; Clock (add to title bar as well as the date) 
*Settings -&gt; Environment (Right Win key together with 4) for Backgrounds, etc 
*Hotkeys  -&gt; Setup for quick shortcut keypresses (Right Win Key together with 7) 


Each Dopus5 theme are stored in a separate directory, named appropriately, which contains further sub directories 

* Screens (jpg or any picture supported by datatypes but not animations) 
* Sounds (wav iff snd svx supported) 
* Icons (png newicons glowicons ) 
* Desktop Patterns (iff ) 


Shift and click on the icon - runs the icon 


arcdir 


arexx / dopus5 scripts see dopus5/arexx/ folder 

Just use wildcards in background filenames and you get different pics in reboots!

For example, configure in Environment -&gt; Backgrounds -&gt; Desktop something like this:
&lt;pre&gt;
Work:Pictures/Backgrounds/#?
...or:
Work:Pictures/back#?.iff
...etc...
&lt;/pre&gt;

If you want change the bg backdrop pic in runtime after some time, an arexx-script for it (paste it into a text file called dopusrandbg.rexx or dopusrandbg.dopus5 

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Changes DOpus background image forever

   Start with:
   Run &gt;NIL: RX dopusrandbg.rexx 
*/

if ~show(&quot;L&quot;, &quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;) then do
	if ~addlib(&quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;, 0, -30,0) then exit 10
end

/* Configure these two lines for your needs: */
minutes=1
picpath=&quot;Work:Pics/#?.iff&quot;

address DOPUS.1

do forever
	call delay 3000*minutes
	dopus set background '&quot;'picpath'&quot;' desktop center custom
	dopus refresh background custom
end
&lt;/pre&gt;

If you don`t want to use/open rexxsupport.library just for DELAY() then use the DOS Wait command

&lt;pre&gt;
/* random diropus backdrop changer */
/* by paul trauth, 1999 */
/* to do: non-repeatable randomness? */

options results

parse arg path

address DOPUS.1

/* get current backdrop pattern so it actually changes */

dopus query background desktop custom
currentpatt=result
lastslash=lastpos('/',currentpatt)
currentpatt=substr(currentpatt,lastslash+1,(pos('&quot;',currentpatt,2)-lastslash-1))

dir=showdir(path,'FILE','/')
num=0
do while dir~=''
    where=pos('/',dir)
    if where&gt;0 then do
        file=left(dir,where-1)
        dir=right(dir,length(dir)-where)
    end
    else do
        file=dir
        dir=''
    end

    if left(file,1) ~='.' &amp; file~=currentpatt then
        do
            pics.num=file
            num=num+1
        end
end

which=random(0,num-1,time(s))
newbg='&quot;'||path||'/'||pics.which||'&quot;'

dopus set background newbg desktop tile precision exact
dopus set background on
dopus refresh background
&lt;/pre&gt;

It's WB ARexx interface, you could enter a cli command as a menu item to open a WB drawer like this...
 RX &quot;address WORKBENCH;WINDOW 'device:drawer' OPEN&quot;
Where device:drawer is replaced by the path of the drawer to open. 

The ARexx script would be capable to manage such a task but this would work only with those program that support ARexx 


[http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/ DirOpus 5 Magellan], [https://sourceforge.net/p/dopus5allamigas/discussion/dev/ discussions], [http://sourceforge.net/p/dopus5allamigas/code/515/tree/ src code], 


===Wanderer ===

Backgrounds icon text sizes, colors, etc with wanderer prefs in the prefs drawer but cannot use #? or *.* in the backgrounds file entry to randomly choose pictures 


Provides a way to hide the old Workbench 3.1 style of windows and screens. 

Themes - SYS:Prefs -&gt; Appearance 
The default content of Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/themes.var should be &quot;themes:ice&quot; but can be changed via the theme prefs, please do NOT click the Use button. Its useless. As you know, it will ask for the theme volume. Just pick the theme you want, click on Save, then reboot. 

* Decoration is on. Any time trying to change theme, you get: &quot;Please insert volume Theme: in any drive&quot;? 
You could check if you find SYS:System/Themes or if it is missing. Then you could open startup-sequence which you can find in drawer &quot;S&quot;. There should be a line: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES &gt;Nil: 
This does the trick. 
Open a shell and run: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES 
Than start the Theme prefs again... this should work 

* The theme is the only thing that could slow the system a bit, but it's not that performance impacting on most uses, and you can switch it of completely. Remove C:Decoration from the bottom of the file sys:s/startup-sequence. 

[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/theme ALua/Zulu script] built for faster Wanderer skin management. You can modify config files, install new (wdz format/zipped skin files) and delete skins via the Theme Manager. 


[http://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone/download-1 Global.Prefs] 


===Scalos (work in progress)===

* 41.x (since 2012)  sqlite3 V3.7.10 Open Source 1.x beta 
* 41.8 (2008) Scalos 1.9 beta 
* 41.5 beta (2007)
* [http://migalliance.free.fr/History.html 40.32 bug fixes up to 2004]
* 39.222 from 2000 Last full version 1.2d 
* xx.x 1996 first version 


[http://scalos.noname.fr/manual/index.html Manual][http://scalos.noname.fr/ Scalos] expects Prefs to be in ENVARC: 

Please ensure you copy Scalos:Prefs Scalos:Storage/Envarc to SYS:Prefs/Scalos and copy which language you need 

&lt;pre&gt;
ASSIGN Scalos:             SYS:xxx/xxx DEFER   
ASSIGN Libs:               Scalos:Libs add    
ASSIGN SYS:Devs/Datatypes  Scalos:Devs/Datatypes   add  
&lt;/pre&gt;

to SYS:S/user-startup     


On Scalos x86 native doesn't start any programs from the WBStartup drawer at the moment 


Scalos's Prefs (right mouse button, Drawers, Scalos Prefs) and double click Scalos_Prefs app icon 
 the other prefs - Scalos_Menu, Scalos_FileTypes, Scalos_Palette, Scalos_Pattern - are smaller parts of this one preference app 


Prefs cover these subject areas 
&lt;pre&gt;
About Scalos
Paths
Startup
Desktop             - after adding title_clock.plugin %ti %da does not work %wp not showing %pr shows 68000 not x86 
Icons
Drag and Drop
Windows
Text Windows
TrueType Fonts
Miscellaneous
Plugins             - 
Modules
PopupMenu
Pattern             - Wallpaper backgrounds DE pic 1, 
Palette             - change the color of things 
Menu                - Menu.pre saves to SYS:Prefs/presets/scalos 
FileTypes           - recognise files and open right app 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Scalos_Prefs - Pattern - Minimum options to changed are 
*DE Desktop/Background 
*IW Window/Background ie Icons showing 
*TW Window/TextBackground ie Text listing showing if icon type not recognised 


Pattern List tab Page - Allows you to compile a list of pictures (one at a time rather than a whole folder eg with #? or *.*), assigning a number Nr to one or more of them for easy reference. Using this number you will be able to assign the pictures to specific windows on the Defaults tab Page. If multiple pictures have the same number, one of the pictures will be chosen randomly. This will allow you to have random desktop pictures, random window backdrops etc. 

Defaults tab Page - Here you can set the defaults for the background pictures in Scalos.
Randomize every time [check box] - Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture will be selected as soon as a window with the same number assignment is opened. 


Popup Menu preferences fully configurable menus (includes ToolsDaemon and ParM launch apps import), including support for context-sensitive Popup menus configs for top pull down menus for apps, etc. 


right mouse button - Scalos_Prefs, Menu, New Menu, New Item, New Command add name at top then in Command Properties eg. add Workbench then underneath add app location e.g. DOpus:DOpus4 


*Modules - delete, empty_trashcan, execute, find, format_disk, information, iconproperties, newdrawer, reboot, rename, systeminfo, windowproperties 


*Plugins
&lt;pre&gt;
devicefilter.plugin
persist.plugin            should a crash or reboot occur - next time Scalos is started your windows will be re-opened 
title_clock.plugin
title_envvar.plugin
title_freepens.plugin
volumegauge.plugin
wb39.plugin
wbrexx.plugin             AREXX scripts which alter the Workbench
xtwindows.plugin          left or right ALT or left or right SHIFT keys when open/close windows 

filetype.plugin
menu.plugin
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Tools - scripts and apps like LoadWB, quit.rexx, open_volume.rexx, 
With the help of the wbrexx.plugin Scalos gains support for more of the compatible arexx API 

If an arexx command produces an error you will find the error code placed in the WORKBENCH.LASTERROR variable.

ACTIVATEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Activate the root window */
ADDRESS workbench
ACTIVATEWINDOW root

/* Activate the &quot;Work:&quot; partition's window if already open*/
ACTIVATEWINDOW &quot;Work:&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

CHANGEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Change the root window; move it to position 10,30. * and change its size to 200100 pixels */
ADDRESS workbench
CHANGEWINDOW root LEFTEDGE 10 TOPEDGE 30 WIDTH 200 HEIGHT 100

/* Change the currently active window */
CHANGEWINDOW active 20 40 200 100
&lt;/pre&gt;


Each theme drawer (folder) has further folders 
&lt;pre&gt;
About
Desktop
FileTrans
FileType
Icons
Menu 
Modules
PointerIcons
Prefs
Sound
Window
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    100% Workbench replacement - All functions work like the original Workbench ones
    Undo and Redo for most window and icon operation
    Fully multitasking - Every window has its own task. While loading icons, any window function (e.g. Drag&amp;Drop) is available


    Cybergraphics and Picasso96 24bit color support
    Window patterns - Unlimited and easily configurable via tooltypes
    Optimised backgroundpatterns routine - Patterns can be tiled, centred or even scaled to fit into the windows. With the use of render.library, you get full control over the dithering and pen usage of your patterns
    Live updating window scrolling - Supports middle mouse button panning too!
    Drawer windows can be iconified


    Icon imagetypes - All types are supported such as backfill or complement. Configurable surrounding iconborder
    Icon datatype system - NewIcon datatype included. Icon support also visually highlights files which are soft-links in the file system.
    Icon dragging is more stable - And far less flickery on graphics cards. Whilst dragging, icons are displayed with text and they become transparent over anything where they can be dropped! MUI-alike transparency on low colour screens. Real transparency if running at 15-bit or greater.
    Single-window lasso mode, with scrolling window contents invoked by dragging mouse with configurable qualifier key
    Text icon lasso selection used to ignore &quot;Name column selects text icons&quot; flag
    Added support for backfilled thumbnail icons, with selectable color and transparency
    Added option to always generate square thumbnail icons
    Thumbnail preview icons for images - Thumbnails can be permanently saved in icons


    Supports PNG icons with alpha channel and real transparency
    Displays OS3.5 GlowIcons even on OS3.1 machines
    Scalable icons
    Iconborders - Nice looking, Icontext variations (normal, shadowed, outlined)
    Screentitle text - Shows what you want, how you want


    Application Interface (API) - Anything is possible from outside the program itself
    Completely configurable, filetype-specific user-definable popup menus and tooltips
    Plugin system to exchange or add features - It enhances the Workbench and makes it more configurable
    Filetype plugins to display filetype-specific information. - Currently, EXIF information viewer for JPEG images is included.
    Plugin included for 100% support of OS3.9 Workbench features
    Plugin included for AREXX API compatible to OS3.9 Workbench
    Online update with updater.module


We want to add the following features:

    Add a diskcopy.module, format.module and reboot.module
    Replace the other modules with newer ones featuring lots of nice little niggly fixes and animated eye candy where possible :o)
    Add some sort of configurable sounds for certain events
    Make the installer more intelligent
    Add themes support (if not in V1.x this WILL be in V2.x)

&lt;/pre&gt;

Although the app contains 64bit arithmetic support (so correctly recognises harddisks over 4GB) - some work is still needed for native 64bit hardware support 

Shutdown -&gt; right mouse button Scalos, About, Reboot, Shutdown 


===DOpus 4 Directory Opus===

Copy DOpus4 app to WBStartup directory folder so it starts on boot up each time 

Another method is add the below to the bottom of the user-startup script in S: drawer/directory 
&lt;pre&gt;
run DOPUS:DirectoryOpus -i &gt;NIL
&lt;/pre&gt;
makes DOpus starts up in Iconified state at the top of Wanderer's screen. Left click on this to highlight and right mouse click to open. 


Just click on the sides of either outer edges of DOpus windows and it will display the parent device/volume list. 


DOpus saves it features in a CFG file which can be edited to suit anyones' needs by reading the [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Dopus Manual] which is in Guide format. 


===AmiStart===

Auto generates the apps menu but scans the drive each time - AmiStart can choose apps you are not interested 

* how to disable annoying zune/mui 'bubbles'? 
try a right-click on AmiStart and release on Global settings. Then click on the bubbles gadget. Move the Show Bubbles slider all the way to the left.


===BoingIconBar===

User chooses the apps to add to the dock at the centre bottom of the screen but has to be done manually, please use Save afterwards 

right mouse click on bottom edge of screen where boingiconbar shows - select settings which opens BoingIconBar Preferences to add apps 

If no dock showing Add, to add apps click Add Program and search for the executable 

&lt;pre&gt;
SYS:System/Shell 
SYS:Tools/DOpus4/DOpus4
SYS:Utilities/Editor
SYS:System/SysMon
SYS:System/Scout
Work:Extras/Internet/OWB/OWB
Work:Extras/Graphics/Lunapaint
Work:Extras/Graphics/ZunePaint
AROS:Tools/MPlayer/MPlayer
&lt;/pre&gt;

another method is to drag icons to ends of the bar and move them on the Bar using the Prefs/BoingIconBar 


===Icons===

Icons are typically now .png pictures renamed as .info e.g. so Office application name would have a Office.png renamed as Office.info or MyApp.png as MyApp.info, etc.  

To select multiple icons and save their positions, click on the first icon and after while you hold the Shift key down select further icons and don't release it before SnapShot is finished.  You can also select a whole group of icons by pressing the LMB at the top left of the icons and while keeping the LMB down moving the power towards the bottom right. A expanding bounding box will appear and all the icons within it will be selected.  

Clean Up menu option (right mouse button -&gt; Icons) rearranges icons in a drawer or disk window into a neater condition. To use, open the window to rearrange and select Clean Up. To keep the icons in the new positions, select all the icons (shift key or mouse selection) and select 'Snapshot' and then Window and then again with All.  

In DOpus5, Saclos, wanderer, most files have a icon file associated with it. To change the default tool, select Icon menu, Information, and change the default tool string. For example, you could use Multiview, Editor and so on for most text, graphics and some sound files as long as the appropriate Datatype classes are installed. For scripts, set the tool to C:IconX 

C:Join Image1.png Image2.png TO MyFile.info
is enough to make a dual state icon from two png images. You can then use Wanderer's menu Icon/Information on it to edit its fields and tooltypes.

[http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-46881.html Amiga OS 3.x AfA icons thread], [http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=66213 Later DualPNG and OS4 icons thread] and [http://archives.aros-exec.org/share/graphics/icon/ Alternative Icons sets] like [http://www.amiga-look.org/artwork/classic-wb-png-iconset-l ClassicWB] 


[http://www.masonicons.info/6.html AISS toolbar images] unpack unarc them into RAM: and copy Images directory to SYS:Prefs/Presets/ 

AISS icons are looked for in PROGDIR:, PROGDIR:Images, SYS:Prefs/Presets/Images and then in TBImages: according to Open Amiga guidelines.  

there is Demos/iconscale which could be launched from S:User-Startup with two arguments, telling it the horizontal and vertical size. IE something like 
 Demos/iconscale 40 40

It will shrink icons... not sure if it will be very nice though. it doesn't work for the icons on the main desktop. 

there is an option to scale an icon to a bounding box afair, try iconsize followed by two numbers, like:
iconsize 32 32

Is there any way in AROS to change an icon type from Project to Tool or vice versa?
Either the SIT option of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/ ProcessIcon], or the TYPE option of HandleInfo (not sure if this one works at all, please test with care).
 processicon sys:pathoftheicon SIT=Project 

SIT Set type of ICON. Allowed types are: &quot;Disk&quot;, &quot;Drawer&quot;, &quot;Tool&quot;,  &quot;Project&quot;, &quot;Garbage&quot;, &quot;Device&quot;, &quot;Kick&quot; and &quot;AppIcon&quot;.

Btw, are your icons, the #?.info files, writable, is the W flag set ?


===Fonts===

Install the #?.ttf files to SYS:Fonts/TrueType. Use SYS:System/FTManager to &quot;Install Font&quot; each #?.ttf file which will generate associated #?.otag and #?.font in SYS:Fonts. Use SYS:Prefs/Fonts to change system fonts and SYS:Prefs/Zune to change others. 

To achieve our goal we will use the Setup Locale, Input, Zune and Fonts, as well as The FTManager.

Begin

The first step you should do is to get the system to know that we speak and write in another language. What you need to do is to open the setup program and choose Locale country, and list &quot;preferred languages&quot; to put it first and then English. If you want the tab &quot;Time Zone&quot; and select city of residence to set the clock correctly. Of course we save our changes and continue opening the setup program Input. This sets the keyboard language as our beginning. When the language layout was created there was no option to switch to Aros keyboard (layout switching), so to write in the language you had to hold down Alt, something you encounter in other functions, such as AmigaOS 4 and MorphOS. This time working with the team of Aros to create a new keyboard layout to replace the old so we can get rid of the button Alt. For now though let only selected this layout and do not turn the switch on the keyboard.

On the occasion of the article, write in the comments below if you'd prefer to keep both layouts, the new words that are in development and this requires the Alt button pressed.

Installing fonts

In this step you need to download some fonts that can support the Greek encoding in our system. The easiest way is to run the script &quot;Download Fonts&quot; you'll find in the folder AROS: Utilities / OWB. This script downloads from the Internet, and unpacks some fonts for OWB, which is placed under the folder Fonts: TrueType. But as these can only be used by OWB and not the system, which unfortunately does not see. To make them available to the rest of the system, open the program FTManager, you will find the folder AROS: System /. From there select the field &quot;Codepage&quot; option &quot;ISO-8859-7&quot; and list the font &quot;Arial&quot; and &quot;Regular&quot; form in which you must double-click with the mouse. In the window that appears, select the bottom right the checkbox &quot;Anti-aliasing&quot; button and then &quot;Install&quot;. Immediately folder Fonts: created files &quot;arialregular.font&quot; and &quot;arialregular.otag&quot;, which are necessary in order to see the system font. Do the same steps if you wish for other fonts.

Final stages 

After completing the above, open the folder AROS: Prefs / and run the program settings Fonts. In the new window, select the fields &quot;Icons&quot; and &quot;Screen&quot; as the font &quot;ArialRegular&quot; to the size you want. In the field &quot;System&quot; to give &quot;s_courier&quot;, which, however, because it is not True Type Font support Antialising, and may seem a little broken. You can also use the CourierNew, if you have installed the above procedure. After you save the changes and open the Zune program settings. In this set the &quot;ArialRegular&quot; font fields in tabs &quot;Windows&quot; and &quot;Groups&quot;, and save the changes. Reboot the system. To make sure that the above worked properly run NoWinED, which you will find under the folder AROS: Tools /. If that everything is working correctly you will see the menu and the settings window with Greek letters. You can also write in the language using the button Alt. Second program that you can try, which is fully localized, is WookieChat, which you will find in the folder AROS: Extras / Networking. And in this place all the menu and settings window works. 


===Windows===

*Intuition
The window you position and resize, you right click on that windows title bar and in the dropdown menu you snapshot from there.  Right click to show menu -&gt; Window -&gt; Snapshot Windows or All but it will NOT work if that folder has no icon (e.g. Disk.nfo) attached to it. You need a folder icon. The window information gets saved in it.  

As for maximising the window using a shortcut key - Alt and up arrow key 

The AROS-Shell windows can be moved, resized by editing sys:s/icaros-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
; run shell
if ${Icaros/autoshell} EQ true
  run QUIET c:newshell &gt;NIL:
EndIF
&lt;/pre&gt;

; slimmer right aros the screen 
run QUIET c:newshell con:0/150//300/ &gt;NIL:

; top right corner scr-x scr-y win-x win-y
run QUIET c:newshell con:600/150//300/ &gt;NIL:


*Zune - AROS version of MUI
Magic Menu type functionality is implemented in IControl preferences editor: in the frame called Menus, switch type from Pull-Down to Pop-Up and/or iControl just tick the sticky menu option. 


Windows outside screens causing a problem either uncheck &quot;Offscreen move&quot; for windows in IControl prefs editor. Or use FKey commodity and define two key shortcuts: 

* the first using the command &quot;cycle windows&quot; (for example ALT TAB); 
* the second using the command &quot;rescue window&quot; (for example ALT F5). 

Now you can cycle windows until the one you want to rescue, and then &quot;rescue&quot; it: it will move back inside your screen. 


How to save the window size on wanderer (snapshot all, snapshot windows)

Same for icon position on wanderer, can't save the position. Icon position cannot be saved yet, but you should be able to save the window position and size. sys:prefs - wanderer icon has option to save window size on exit but just for dh0. To get saving working on (DH1: Extras:) partitions try deleting the dh1 disk.info file, then reboot. The system should create a new dh1 icon. 


* how to set up permanently 'view all files'?
As for viewing all files, removing disk.info for that disk did the job 

* how to list and kill processes (xkill would be useful) ? 
sys:Extras/System/Scout can kill apps 

sys:Tools/Commodities/Exchange can remove available commodities


* how to restore 'go up' button in wanderer window? (it doesn't show up anymore).
If you're using Icaros, go to the theme prefs and make sure that decoration is checked. Also, some themes do not use a parent button, so try another theme. You may have to restart Aros before the theme will change.

* Is it really safe to turn off (hardware button) computer at any time (worried about USB hard disk)
yes you can turn off the computer IF none of the drives are in progress (i.e. writing). Best to use Wanderer menu option Quit otherwise 


===Network Connection===

AROS currently only has one real choice for TCP/IP networking - AROSTCP.  This is a port of the AmiTCP package from AmigaOS (TM), with a number of enhancements/fixes from AROS developers. 


 Please use Prefs/Network to set up wired, wireless or USB networking 
 Non USB wifi is easier, USB wifi can be an annoyance - remember to save whilst in prefs 


====Wired====

The top half of the IPv4 Configuration tab on the Network Prefs deals with the network card/USB and the lower half the router part. 

[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs DHCP.png|thumb|DHCP Settings]]

'''Upper part of IPv4 tab''' 
* Click Add on the top right of the Prefs which opens a window called '''Interface''' 
* Enter Name as net0 (but can be anything as long as it is consistently used in other sections) 
* check mark on Active
* select device to be used using the '''right hand-side gadget''' of the box where the device name will go 
* set Unit to 0 
* IP Mode is default set to '''Get address from DHCP''' 


* IP Mode set to Manual if DHCP does not work 
* IP Address of network card = Take the Gateway (router IP address) below and adjust higher the last digit out of a string of four 
* Subnet netmask = 255.255.255.0 


* click OK


[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs Manual.png|thumb|Manual Settings]]

'''Lower part of IPv4 tab''' 
* IP Mode Get address from DHCP (default) 


* or changing to Manual if automatic DHCP set up does not work 
* '''Gateway''' (Router Internal LAN-IP) = 192.168.0.1 (D-Link Netgear), 192.168.1.1 (Linksys 3com), 192.168.2.1 (SMC Microsoft), 192.168.1.254 (Belkin), 192.168.123.254 (USRobotics) else check with your router manual 
* first DNS = use 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 212.50.160.100 (google)  i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 
* second DNS = use 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 213.249.130.100 (google) i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 


* At the bottom of IPv4 tab, check mark the '''Start networking during system boot''' option 
* Save and reboot (sometimes Network restart fails, so reboot every time to be sure) 


'''an alternative way''' is to take the settings from an OS already using the same internet connection. Another connection will have different settings. 

e.g. From [http://www.ncsu.edu/resnet/windows/ipconfig/ Windows], '''ipconfig /all''' 
and note down the IP, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers values and put these values in &quot;manually&quot; into AROS Network prefs. 

e.g. From Linux via dhcp router have a look at etc/dhcpc/dhcpcd-eth0.info 
* for manual input look at /etc/networks (IP or Gateway) and /etc/resolv.conf (DNS) 

 Please note that all in one routers (wired+wireless) or separate routers may need different settings 


====Wireless====

[[File:MyArosWirelessSetup.png|thumb|Why does it not work?]]

[[File:MyArosWirelessTCP.png|thumb|Shell commands to work out what is happening]]

We must first make certain you have a Atheros 5k chip inside acting as the wireless wifi option. Open PCITool in Tools directory. Down left hand side are a series of numbers 0.00.0 etc. Click on some at the bottom and hopefully one of them will say Atheros AR5??? or AR242?. 

or a Realtek RTL8187B, we can check using Prefs/Trident as this one is USB based 


There are many similarities with the above Wired set up so please read the above section as well 


* open Network/Prefs
* In '''IPv4 Configuration''' tab - click Add - enter net0 / active tick / #?.device / Unit 0 / IP Mode = manual (important if default DHCP does not work automatically) 

Make sure that any extra network names (e.g. eth1 or net1) should be deleted. If net0 already st previously, change net0 so that it shows associated with the appropriate device name like atheros5000.device or realtek8180.device. Having two entries here will cause sub-net problems. 

* Go to '''Wireless''' tab and click on &quot;Add&quot; button. 
* Insert network name (SSID your wireless network name use wirelessmanager to get it), select right &quot;encyption&quot; that is most likely &quot;WPA&quot;. 
* Key Type set as &quot;Passphrase&quot;. i.e. type in your password for your router (aka access key). 
* Unselect (no tick) &quot;hidden&quot; if it is selected, then apply. You may have to tick it if wireless does not work. 
* Finally, Save and '''reboot'''. 

For the best chance of success, set networking to start at boot, and then reboot with the USB adapter plugged in. 


====USB Ethernet====

Open SYS:Prefs/Network and in the IPv4 Configuration tag (top table covers your usb stick) 

* click Add button
* set Name as net0
* Tick Active box
* enter the usb-ethernet.device e.g. dm9601eth.device, usbpegasus.device or usbasixeth.device use SYS:c/devlist, '''Scout''' or trident prefs to get the correct spelling 
* set Unit to 0 (which is usual but check the messages from the bottom of the Trident prefs whilst plugging the device in to determine the unit number otherwise) 
* IP Mode is set to Get address from DHCP (make sure your router is set right for that) 
'''or manual'''
* IP Address of network card, i.e. 192.168.0.xx or 192.168.1.xx (xx being greater than 1) 
* Subnet netmask = 255.255.255.0 
* click OK

There can be sometimes be boot failures when using USB ethernet - plug the USB device in after boot and save the network prefs to make it work again. 


Lower part of IPv4 tab covers the router information 

* IP Mode Get address from DHCP 
'''or if manual settings'''
* Gateway (IP Address of router) = usually 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 but see router manual to make sure. 
* first DNS = use 194.168.xx.100 or 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or 212.50.160.100 or 192.168.0.1 (no internet access?) 
* second DNS = use 194.168.xx.100 or 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or 213.249.130.100 


====PPP over RNDIS mobile broadband====


Tethering via your smart phone...

Enable and configure at
Android ---&gt;settings --&gt;&gt;more networks --&gt;&gt;Tethering and portable hotspot

add or name your wifi Network SSID
set Security [WPA2 PSK] and password.

and save..

Goto AROS and add your NetWork SSID and password and save..

reboot AROS, make sure your tethering is enabled from android side than magic you have it running..

Same way how you set your home router but this time from your data or wifi via your smartphone or tablet 


Network Preferences (Prefs) settings 

&lt;pre&gt;
device usbrndis.device
unit 0
IP mode:DHCP
set &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; to OFF
&lt;/pre&gt;

In Icaros,edit s/user-startup and add line 
 addusbclasses &gt; nil:

[[File:AROS Screenshot PPP Mobile Prefs.jpg|thumb|AROS Screenshot PPP Mobile Prefs]]

plug in USB cable, enable USB tethering from phone, and AFTER this start arostcp. 

make sure DHCP is disabled for both DNS/gateway and for the interface. If the DHCP client is running, it will undo some PPP settings when it gives up (after a few minutes or so) 

The advice is different for the new network prefs (Icaros 1.4.1). &quot;Automatic&quot; works for both Ethernet/Wireless and PPP, so you should choose it for PPP now 

[[File:GUI1.jpg|thumb|GUI1]]


====Solving Issues====

[[File:MyArosTCP.png|thumb|Aros network setup diagnostics - why does it not work?]]

* In Network Preferences, have '''only one''' item in the IPv4 Configuration tab 
* If using manual settings, make sure all numbers are correct, especially for IP address of the card/usb (changing the last number in chain of four) 
* For any USB based networking, it is often necessary to save in Prefs/Network, reboot AROS and network support can begin 


* For wired, make sure that the LAN-cable is plugged in before starting the computer 


* If wireless, try getting closer to the router. 
* Switch off the encryption option from your router then try wifi, if successful then your ip/dns is ok. If not then your ip/dns settings are most probably wrong or need to use one or more opendns numbers 
* Replace detachable wireless antenna (best wireless option to buy if you can) with a stronger antenna ie. 5&amp;nbsp;dBi or 7&amp;nbsp;dBi 
* Try with another computer/laptop/machine 

Program Error  C:WirelessManager 

* Test with another OS 
* Check that Wifi works before changeover (if possible) 
* Check that socket and card are working 
* Check if card is too new for laptop (date code on card MMYY blue askey date 2005-2007 etc)   


Are you connecting with the Router ? 

Check with protection off e.g. wps and wep to see if it makes a difference. 


For USB wireless - stopping and starting may be needed...

&lt;pre&gt;

; $VER: AROSTCP-startnet 1.0 (01/08/06)
; AROSTCP-startnet (c) The AROS Dev Team.
;
Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

; stop and restart
execute &quot;sys:system/network/AROSTCP/s/stopnet&quot;

Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: wirelessmanager realtek8180.device

&lt;/pre&gt;


What IRQ number is assigned to the device? You can check with Tools/PCITool? 
It's possible the BIOS hasn't set the right IRQ number. If you have a Linux CD/DVD handy, could you check if it boots with the options &quot;acpi=off noapic nolapic&quot;? 


If the following does nothing, this will help us figure out why networking doesn't start automatically at boot

open a shell and run the following commands:

&lt;pre&gt;
echo ${AROSTCP/AutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice}
&lt;/pre&gt;

Please report the output, typically it will look like this  

# True  (explanation this variable is related to the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; checkbox in network prefs) 
# True  ()
# Devs:networks/atheros5000.device unit 0


If there's a problem with the AROSTCP package. What's the output of this?

 ENV:sys/packages/AROSTCP 

should return a string = Sys:System/Network/AROSTCP


By the way, a quicker way to check networking is working would be to run some shell commands such as:


&lt;pre&gt;
ping www.google.com
ifconfig net0
&lt;/pre&gt;


The best way to list the available networks and diagnose / troubleshoot problems with connecting to a wireless network is to run WirelessManager manually. First uncheck the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; box in the Network prefs app, then save and reboot. Then run this in a shell:

 C:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose 

or 

 C:wirelessmanager realtek8180.device verbose 

and capture the output 


If the above does not help, could you edit the file SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/S/Package-Startup, and change &quot;&gt;NIL:&quot; to &quot;&gt;T:wifi.log&quot; on the WirelessManager line and add this as well Wait 5?

&lt;pre&gt;
if ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun} eq &quot;True&quot;
Run QUIET &quot;C:WirelessManager ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice} &gt;T:wifi.log&quot;
wait 5
EndIf
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then save, reboot and post the log file (T:wifi.log) here.


&lt;pre&gt;

c:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose
Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7)
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'


Then it just sits there. Not sure what a normal dump looks like, I don't see anything that looks wrong in the configuration.
&lt;/pre&gt;

looks like the driver isn't working with that card. Has anyone else successfully used that exact model number (AR2413)?


&lt;pre&gt;

Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7):
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=02c66fd4 ***
Own MAC address: 00:01:36:15:ae:0c
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
Added interface atheros5000.device:0
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Started AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
sana2: sending MLME frame


Then it stops. Does this mean the router is not authorizing this NIC?

IRQ 4 (A)

&lt;/pre&gt;

apparently locking up when the first frame is sent (a scan request).


&lt;pre&gt;

Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
Initializing interface 'Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=12):
41 69 72 4c 69 6e 6b 35 39 33 30 30 AirLink59300
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=8): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='AirLink59300'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=0224e444 ***
Own MAC address: 00:1f:e1:42:e3:7a
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160000
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.060000
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686604.060000
Added interface Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
[eloop_run] Starting
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Starting AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160001
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.233000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.373000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.513000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.553000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.693000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.013000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.073000
EAPOL: disable timer tick
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
MLME: scan channel 14 (2484 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.113000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.153000
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.213000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.353000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.493000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.533000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.673000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.993000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.073000
MLME: scan completed

&lt;/pre&gt;

Is your network hidden? If so, did you enable the 'Hidden' checkbox in the network prefs? What distro version are you using? 


&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;ENV:sys/wireless.prefs&quot; looks like this:
network={
ssid=&quot;testadhoc&quot;
key_mgmt=NONE
wep_key0=&quot;12345&quot;
wep_tx_keyidx=0
}
&lt;/pre&gt; 


If your router doesn't broadcast its SSID (hidden), you need to add this option to the network block of the wpa_supplicant.conf on your aros machine and make changes after  # Example blocks: 

 scan_ssid=1

Here's a full description of all the [http://hostap.epitest.fi/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=hostap.git;a=blob_plain;f=wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf config file options]. 

&lt;pre&gt;
ap_scan=1

network={
ssid=&quot;YOURESSID&quot;
scan_ssid=1
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=YOURPASSWORD
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
filter_ssids=1
ap_scan=2

network={
ssid=&quot;REMOVED&quot;
scan_ssid=1
bssid=REMOVED
priority=100
mode=0
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
auth_alg=OPEN
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=REMOVED
}
&lt;/pre&gt;


Error 6: Couldn't resolve host name.

Check Scout -&gt; Devices and look at the device that you are using, in the OCnt column it should state 2 which means AROSTCP and Wirelessmanager are both accessing this driver. If 0 or 1, then uncheck the checkbox in Network prefs for starting networking at boot, save and reboot. Then run this is the shell:

C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0


some quirks setting up the wireless network as well 

1) it's far better setting up either the wired OR the wireless network adapter as net0:, or weird things happen

2) it's better using fixed IP on the local network instead of DHCP

3) network setting must be placed in network setting panel in /prefs, using the wirelessmanager helped me finding available SSIDs, but not actually connecting to them

once done, reboot.


If previous setup is proving problematic 

&lt;pre &gt;

SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Wireless.prefs
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/OWB.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/global.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/WirelessDevice
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/db/Interfaces
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Make a copy of these files and restore in case of problems. 


Please try this test to check if you can connect to your router, ie established that the WiFi layer is working 

̊̊̊̊Boot with networking disabled, by make sure that &quot;Start networking at boot&quot; in Network Prefs is unchecked (no tick).  
̊ Run this in a shell: C:WirelessManager atheros5000.device VERBOSE
̊If the output of that command is too long to summarise here, you can redirect it to a file by adding &gt;RAM:wifi.log to the end, then attach or paste that file here.


try running &quot;status&quot; in the shell and check that AROSTCP is listed/running
If AROStcp is not showing, then AROSTCP is not running. attempted to start it by clicking Use or Save in network prefs, or checking the &quot;start networking at boot&quot; box or typing into a shell. 

 Execute SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/s/startnet

(run Status again afterwards).


The &quot;cannot resolve hostname&quot; will appear if you are blocked on the wifi network by the router as well as aros not being able to assign correct network address.

One way of testing this might be to disable the firewall in the router. you might also check the router how it sees the attempts aros do to speak to it. The easiest way to do that would be to manually give aros an IP number in the routers accepted range. and see if it shows up at all within the router.


Tests that can be undertaken to determine correct settings and functions 

&lt;pre &gt;
 ping &lt;router-address&gt; e.g. 192.168.0.1 (aka inet) or 80.237.146.33 (www.amiganews.de) 
 ifconfig net0
 ifconfig net0 up
 extras:networking/utils/sanautil/sanautil -d atheros5000.device status
 WirelessManager atheros5000.device verbose &gt;RAM:wifi.log
 ;to send the log to RAM disk to be read easier or if detected, 
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device &gt;NIL:
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device ssid=&quot;mynet1&quot; &gt;NIL: 
 C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Please look at the task list in Scout, and check if WirelessManager and AROSTCP are running. Also look at the device list in Scout to check if realtek8180.device is open. 


start tools/debug/sashimi, maybe it shows some debug messages when disconnection happens.


Firstly, let's take a look at what your setup most likely looks like, assuming you use a router. See diagram below: 

&lt;pre&gt;
Internet &lt;---------&gt; home router &lt;---------&gt; computer 
-----------external IP------------------internal IP-------------
&lt;/pre&gt;

Okay, so what am I trying to show you with that diagram. A few things. Firstly, the IP address that connects you to the Internet is not the same one that connects you to your router. What happens is that your computer doesn't have a direct connection to the Internet, instead your router connects to the Internet, and your computer connects to the router.

You can see the external and internal IP addresses in these example settings...

* Default Gateway : 76.91.64.1 (external IP for ISP/Internet host)
* IP Address : 76.91.71.184 (external IP for home router)

* IP Address : 192.168.0.1 (internal IP for home router)
* Address = 192.168.0.161 (internal IP for computer)

As you can see, there are two internal IP addresses and two external IP addresses. This is because there is a client/server relationship, effectively one address is for the service (server) and one address is for the device trying to access that service (client).

The server addresses in your case are 76.91.64.1 (your ISP's address, serving the Internet), and 192.168.0.1 (your home router's address, serving your home network). The term gateway applies here, they are your gateway to those services.

Subnet masks are used along with IP addresses to determine which IP addresses are allowed access to a network. I did learn the more in-depth rules about subnet masks once (watched a CCNA vid), but I've forgotten about it. The basic level of understanding you'll need is easy to remember though. A subnet mask value of 255 means that portion of the IP address must stay constant, whereas a subnet value of 0 means any unassigned value up to 255 is allowed in the IP address.

By far the most common subnet value is 255.255.255.0. What this means is that the first three parts of the IP address you use to connect to a service must stay the same as the server/gateway address, and only the last section can change.

So if your router's internal IP address is 192.168.0.1, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, the only addresses that will be allowed to be used on that network are between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.255 (I think 192.168.0.0 is reserved for other uses).

Final point to make is about DHCP (a.k.a. dynamic IP) vs static IP. A server/router using DHCP gives a device that connects to it an address within the acceptable range. It usually starts with the lowest numbered free address, so with your router it'll give the first device that connects to it 192.168.0.2, the next device 192.168.0.3, and so on. Static IP addresses are where you set the IP address you want to connect with in advance. 

When using static IP addresses on a router where DHCP is active, it's good to use a high number to avoid conflicts with other devices that are connected to your network, to reduce the risk that both devices will try using the same IP. That's why your current choice of 192.168.0.161 is good, unless you have over 159 devices connected on your current network!


Okay, so what's the next step. Well, if you can use ping, I'd suggest pinging 192.168.0.1. If you get a positive response it means you're connected to your router, if you don't get a response it means the connection between your router and your computer is at fault.

Documentation on configuring the AROSTCP environment further can be found [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/User/Networking here] 


===Printing===

print from my AROS box!
&lt;pre&gt;
1. installed printfile ( http://www.lerup.com/printfile/ ) on my Windows XP computer
2. set up the print spooler option, and used ghoscript filter for ps files
3. made the spool folder accessible from ftp (setting up ftp server on Windows)
4. send the ps file from my AROS box to the ftp server using curl (curl -T filename ftp://windows.box.adress --user username:password)
&lt;/pre&gt;
It's a bit complicated but it works!


*Postscript

Best to set Printer Prefs in the Prefs drawer to print-to-file or parallel/USB port 


Save document in postscript or convert picture/text to postscript 

Print using compatible [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/AROS_USB_support#printer.class_-_PostScript_3_and_internal_ghostscript_drivers Ghostscript printer] or Postscript printer 


*GutenPrint

Some work has been done 

;There are no individual drivers yet for HP's Photosmart, EPSON's EPL, CANON's, Lexmark, CUPS PPD, etc 


===Files===

====File endings and datatypes====

* Check if the file has his own .info icon file with a tool set to open it. IIRC this has higher priority over the def_XYZ.info file association. 
* In ENVARC:SYS/def_Text.info or whatever def_ file needs changing, use Wanderer's menu Icon -&gt; Information and change the def_XYZ.info there. If you're on ABIv0 and want it to be applied immediately, you might have to copy it to ENV:SYS/ (or to reboot). 
* Identifying file types by file ending is only a fallback. Far better it is to search for magic words, for flac files this would be &quot;flaC&quot; according to this [http://flac.sourceforge.net/documentation_format_overview.html documentation]. 

For instance, to open PDFs with arospdf not localised in the default drawer of Icaros (Work:Extras/Applications/arospdf) but localised in a custom drawer in AROS. The default tools are defined in the icons in sys:prefs/env-archive/sys e.g. def_PDF. 


File type identification is done by datatype descriptors which you can find in Devs/Datatypes. The AROS build system has a tool which creates such datatype descriptors. 


'''Changing of default tools of existing icons is easy as shown above. Adding of new file types is not hard, but needs knowledge of the AROS build system.'''


The enduser way would be to download the attached file, which contained two executables:
1) createdtdesc, to make a new datatype description
2) examinedtdesc, to read/show existing datatype descriptions

use 2 to get an idea on how it things are currently done in aros by providing this executable a file from the drawer sys:devs/datatypes/ (alternatively you can find the original .dtd files here).

use 1 to make your new datatype. Use the accompanied FORMAT file (also here) to read how to make your own datatype descriptor. use 2 to get hints from other datatype descriptors.

Note:
When creating a new descriptor would advise against using the pattern property, but instead use the default pattern of #? and create a Mask that matches your filetype. This requires some research in order to discover how your filetype can be recognized properly. Of course with making something like a descriptor for an ascii textfile, you would fallback to using the pattern (e.g. #?.text as the filetype cannot be determined easily otherwise). 

&lt;pre &gt;
# name - choose wisely and informative. also used for icon's name.
# version - choose as you like as long as it complies with version rules
# basename - the 'root' datatype class. be aware that e.g. it can influence behaviour. for example when choosing binary and using tool multiview in project icon, the file will be viewed as binary file (choosing sound would tell mulitview to view the file as a soundfile). So this can influence the underlying tool being used. Could become messy if users started to modify the tool manually. 
# pattern - This is the file pattern match e.g. #?.text
# Mask - A mask to identify the file. Requires knowledge of the actual file structure. For example 'M' 'Z' for an msdos executable.
# GroupdID - not supported (AROS native) files - use syst as that would be the least intrusive in case an AROS tool/program tries to load such datatyped file.
# ID - In your case, the first four characters of the name at subchapter 1 (in lower case) (or less if name is shorter).
# flags - How the mask needs to be interpreted. In your case would be mostly DTF_BINARY in combination with (wanted or not) DTF_CASE (to tell if mask used letters are case sensitive or not)
# priority - the priority of how the type is handled so that on datatype could have precedence over another? In any case, document tells it to be mostly 0. 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Now that you know each field and what it does (more or less), you write this fields in a text file for your own invented datatype, save it and create the actual dt with the tool in 1. in the end the created dt must reside in sys:devs/datatypes/ drawer.

Then you would create a default icon in sys:prefs/Env-archive/SYS drawer. Don't forget to reboot or copy .info file to ram:env/sys in order to test. also don't forget to set which tool to start f.e. c:lx or dh4:emulators/mycoolemulator

To test, open Wanderer then show all files and doubleclick on a file of type you just created. Alternatively you could use the 'open' command from shell (with file of datatype you just created as parameter).

And as a last note. it would perhaps be welcome to have a program like xicon and/or runprglist for AROS (unfortunately both without source, but something similar could be created for AROS).

Sounds complicated ?

Perhaps... but OS like windows needs a complete registry to be able to do things like this. And yes, i am aware windows has gui tools that does it (more or less) for you (by manipulating the registry). Same could be done for AROS (without integrating a registry in AROS that is ).

Would that suffice ?

red1+2: typos, reformatting.

disclaimer: please note that using these tools can screw up your currently installed support for datatypes when used incorrectly. Do not use if you do not understand what you are doing. Use at own risk.


====File Sharing====

As AROS knows only a few filesystems (FFS, OFS, SFS, PFS (amiga only), FAT12, 16, 32, Microsoft NTFS (windows), UDF (Blu-ray)). The remaining ones in regular use like MacOSX hfs+, Linux ext2/ext3 and ext4, Haiku BeFS provide a problem in transferring files between each other. 

Linux can access SFS partitions but it needs to be compiled. The latest full source are [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ here]. It compiled fine with a 2.6.30 kernel in Puppy Linux 4.31. 

An alternative, is to use a FAT32 partition. AROS could be installed on to a 4GB USB-key, with 512MB FAT32 partition for sharing, and the rest SFS. It works very well. 

An hosted Linux or Windows install relieves some of the problems. 

Files could be transferred [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&amp;topic_id=2915&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=ASC Sending] via TCP network. 


=====SMBFS=====

e.g. to connect to a NAS share such as \\NASBOX\Shared use -:

SMBFS WORKGROUP=&lt;YOUR WORKGROUP NAME&gt; VOLUME=&lt;AROS volume name to use&gt;: SERVICE=&lt;UNC Path to connect to&gt;

SMBFS WORKGROUP=MYNET VOLUME=Shared: SERVICE=//NASBOX/Shared

And you will then have an icon appear on your desktop for the volume name you have chosen. 


You can put the above script into wbstartup or  

give it an icon, change it to a 'project' and give it the default tool c:iconx 

Open a shell and type copy sys:script.info &quot;sys:wbstartup/YOURSCRIPTNAME.info&quot;

This should create an icon for your script file.

Now right-click on your script and select 'information'.

Change 'tool' to 'project', put 'c:iconx' into the 'default tool' box, click save 

The reason being that scripts need to be opened with 'execute SCRIPTNAME' (or 'iconx') whereas the programs started from wbstartup are opened using 'run PROGRAMNAME'. It's the same as trying to start a command-line tool from the workbench by double-clicking it.


====Setup ISO images within AROS====

Use [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/storage DiskImage] which supports many cd image formats ISO, CCD, MDF/MDS, CUE/BIN, NRG and UIF. To mount CD or DVD images use below....

&lt;pre &gt;
# Rename your iso 'Unit0' (note no extension).
# Do 'View/All files' on you Aros partition. You should now see a folder called 'Diskimages'. Copy your renamed iso to there. 
(Alternatively, you could type at the shell 'assign FDSK: xxx', where xxx is the location of your iso.) 
# From the shell, type 'mount CD0:' and the iso should appear on the Wanderer desktop. You can now access it like a real disk.
&lt;/pre &gt; 

If you are using an IcAros install, the startup scripts are set up to wipe the Diskimages directory on boot, so its worth keeping a second copy of the iso somewhere else. Alternatively, you could set up extra mountlists for additional iso images. I've made a file called iso1 in the Aros:devs directory that contains the following text:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Entry for ISO image */

ISO1:
FileSystem = cdrom.handler
Device = fdsk.device
Unit = 1
LowCyl = 0
HighCyl = 0
Surfaces = 1
BlocksPerTrack = 1
DOSType = 0x41434400
Activate = 1
#
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then I just need an iso called 'Unit1' (corresponding to the 'Unit = 1' entry in the mountlist) in Diskimages (or wherever I assign FDSK: to) and to mount I type in at the shell:

 Mount iso1: from devs:iso1

Of course, if you create mountlists for ISO2, ISO3:, etc. (with the corresponding change to the 'Unit = ' line) you can have as many isos mounted as you wish. I just call mine ISO1: etc. to distinguish them from the real CD drives.


==Bounties==

To help inspire developers with both ideas and monetary incentives, rewards are offered for the successful completion of &quot;bounties&quot; (requests for missing/new functionality) chosen by the community and handled by [http://power2people.org power2people] (formerly done by TeamAROS). A monthly option is [http://www.power2people.org/funds/aros/ here].


==Video Guides==


Video demonstrations and tutorials covering:

:00. '''Introduction''' 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1RsvEm7UrU Why an Amiga OS in 2011], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx_zqlBow40&amp;feature=related Gource view of AROS], 

:01. '''Installation'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k2PEmT8I14 Broadway AROS Install], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyQVeyXIywc&amp;feature=channel iMica Silent Pt3], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2AnkoflY14 Wipe whole drive and Install - warning loss of data on drive], [http://vimeo.com/11013489 Modify Grub boot], 

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVXm6_-witQ VirtualBox install], [ VMware install], 

::[http://www.vimeo.com/10491104 HDAudio install], [ driver install], 

:02. '''Amiga Basics'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TY8mWxwzH5o Screens tutorial], 
::[ Dos Scripts tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPT7SmVEpjc OS 1.2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kX3FqH8Ww&amp;feature=related OS 1.3], [https://m.youtube.com/user/AMIGASYSTEM/videos General]

:03. '''Customisation demos'''
::[ Prefs tutorial], [ Decoration tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dn5C8G3aDXU Scalos], 

:04. '''Setting up''' internet access and surfing the web, FTP, IRC and Mail apps 
::[ Network Prefs], [ AirCOS tutorial], [ jabberwocky tutorial], 

:05. '''Native bundled Games and Applications''' 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nKduDjf14k Oct 2010], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYlFv2B-VXc 3D Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXK7wwhd-R0 Latest Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUgiVThv23Q&amp;feature=mfu_in_order&amp;list=UL PrBoom GL], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0s7u8TPy7V4 Assault Cubes], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fih6aCXKeqs Cube 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X0ay0MGOms DosBox on Aros], 

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FziV2z_uxnQ Apps Pt 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs37_nfa5CI Apps Pt 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn59_VvbQR0&amp;feature=related Apps Pt 3], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk-ZNLfJsvQ pt 1, jan. 2008], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWRy33g1R7Y pt 2, feb. 2009], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5PbhCtm4vE pt 3, feb. 2010], 
::Milkytracker [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxBOEPzpdKg&amp;feature=related Laying Down Base Tracks], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2uKQ0-ieOE Audio Evolution 4 in action], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq4r9k0_jZI Quick Videos], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGKCFZcIc0I&amp;feature=related ScreenRecorder], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=974c2e-Fqak&amp;feature=related TV out Tests], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjq8ct5d5IY AmiFIG], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0rHvPhYJo4&amp;feature=youtu.be ZuneFIG], 
::[http://wiki.povray.org/content/Documentation:Tutorial_Section_1 POVray Tutorial 1], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSRybWjrrME DOpus 4], 

:06. '''Commercial software available'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKXY9B4R43s AntiryadGX 3D Game Editor], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMS9NDzwm5U BOH indie Game], 

:07. '''Running classic amiga apps and games''' 
::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2008/11/introducing-amibridge.html Intro Amibridge], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Old Amiga Apps], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Why Janus UAE is good], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhlsNSYSuDg DPaint tutorial]

::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2009/11/can-icaros-play-my-amiga-games-and-why.html Play Amiga Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTaZCNOvCnE ], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMehS77LXQ4 Pagestream Introduction], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=284-w3hTzII Pagestream Tutorial 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlwEGwhZzl4 Pagestream Tutorial 2], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIcrIjPOctc Catweasel Mk4 PCI Part 1] and [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaitHeL6bEA Part 2], 

:08. '''Misc and History'''

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6mDXKU29w0 Mum uses old AmigaOS Workbench 1.1 (1986)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaRkacQ-YMg Why an Amiga 500 (1987)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5CYsgVCzYY an Amiga 2000 (1987)], 

:09. '''Misc Shows and Events'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klgVSWKs4kE VCF 2010], 


===History===

The project was originally started by a small group of Amiga [http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/aros.html enthusiasts] in 1995. These individuals were mainly computer-based college university students at the start, though that student trend has diminished since. An interview with Aaron Digulla [http://arosshow.blogspot.com/2006/12/interview-with-aaron-digulla-who.html here] 


* Much of the early years was concerned with exec, dos and intuition libraries. 
* Early 1999, Haage &amp; Partner used parts of the code in AmigaOS 3.9. 
* March 2001, floppy disk images of AROS became available. 
* Early 2002, AROS changed its name from Amiga Replacement Operating System to Amiga Research Operating System 
* June 2002, AROS devs decided to use Zune (MUI 3.8 rewrite) as the GUI system. 
* November 2002, Eric Schwartz drew Kitty for AROS usage. 
* Early 2003, AROS.org underwent a graphics facelift. 
* Late 2003, GCC C compiler arrived. 
* Early 2004, Aros-Exec opened. 
* Early 2005, Aros Max bootable CD arrived. 
* Late 2005, SFS filesystem ported and allowed fast access to apps and network support arrived 
* Early 2007, AROS.org underwent another graphics facelift. 
* Mid 2007, AROS changed to AROS Research Operating System after A.Inc. sued Hyperion with a trademark violation. 
* Late 2007, the hard disk installer added and VmwAROS (later called Icaros Desktop) distro launched. 
* Early 2009, Our first usable web browser (OWB)
* September 2010, first wireless support appears and AspireOS started as a distro 
* Early 2012, the first paper-cut bugfix and Fab's Odyssey Web Browser ported 
* Early 2014, backport of most features of ABIv1 into mainstream everyday use (Icaros 2.0 and above) 
* 2015 work started on using the extra cores of the PI 2 
* Early 2017, work started on utilising the addition cores on modern CPUs starting with the 64bit x86 version  
* Mid 2017, m68k port optimized for the Vampire 2 / Apollo accelerators (68080 AMMX FPGA) 
* 2018 The old AROS Exec website closed and a new one opened 
* 2019 AROS One distribution started and now with USB install version 
* Early 2021, backport of more features of ABIv1 into mainstream everyday ABIv0 (Aros One 1.5 and above) 
* 2022 


Future goals for AROS include expanding its underlying retargetability to support even more diverse architectures, provide memory protection features and user level file security, SMP and many other wonderful features missing from AmigaOS &amp;mdash; while still providing as much source level compatibility as is possible (however it is accepted that to achieve some goals code certain things may require a little recoding).

*sata ahci
*later ati amd radeon 2d 3d
*usb3 
*youtube playback
*x64 


[http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/contributors Developers] come and go as with any open source effort and we would like to thank them for their efforts... 

;1996-2000:In DigullaA (coordinator), GripJ, TempletonI (BSD), SchulzM, RittauS, voordenDagL, HolmM, JohanssonT, VanIngelgomH, SteigerwaldM, BortasP, deJongK, AlfredssonJ, InnocentiB, 

;2001-2005:In [http://chodorowski.com/adam/aros.html ChodorowskiA], StegerG, BergerS, HeutlingS, AlemagnaF (gcc), VerhaegenS (rexx), KielH, MatheussenKS (CAMD), SzczygielskiP, ErikssonP, LeCorfecD (Zune), BauerS (Zune), FurlongW, GustafssonJ, AndrewsN, CafferkeyN, GierichM (jpeg), PattonJ, ParsonsM, DietrichJ, SeilerT, BischoffL, LorentzenNH, AdamO, BerglundH, SmithP, HolmenD, BlomM, 

;2006-2010:In FedinP, RusslerM, SzymczykS (owb), SmiechowiczK (openGL), WeissM, NorrisR, BrunnerO, WiszkowskiT, GreppinA, [http://www.fukt.bsnet.se/~bearsoft/ Bearsoft Björn Screwelius], ErbY, CharletF, HodgesC, [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4819&amp;forum=18&amp;post_id=43103#forumpost43103 HokstadV], McMullanJ (m68k), WilenT (m68k), 

;2011- :In MuijzenbergPHvanden, ALB42, JonesEM, weiju, DizzyofCRN, wawa, miker, 


* 1996 - The linux hosted version for i386 was the first to arrive 
* 1998 - i386, The native version for i386-based PC AT computers and compatibles.
* 2004 - x86/64, The native version for 64-bit (x86_64, amd64) PC computers.
* 2008 - sam440/ppc, The native version for Sam440EP, Sam440EP Flex and Sam460ex computers.
* 2009 - efika, The native version for PowerPC Efika computers.
* 2010 - m68k, The native version for m68k Amigas or WinUAE
* 2013 - raspi/armfh, early native version for ARMv6 based Raspberry Pi computers.


AROS is designed to run on various hardware platforms, below are the currently supported systems 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Platform
! Native
! Hosted
! 
! Opinion
|-
| [[Aros/Platforms/x86 support|Intel AMD 32bit and 64bit]]
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly.php Native]
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Linux], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots.php FreeBSD 5], 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Windows mingw], 
| 
| Use the ArosOne, Icaros or AspireOS distributions 
|-
| [[Aros/Platforms/x86 support|Intel AMD 64bit]] 
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Native]
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Linux], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php darwin MacOSX], 
| 
| No distribution but untested nightly build version available 
|-
| Motorola [http://www.natami.net/knowledge.php?b=2&amp;note=25408&amp;x=0&amp;z=jEIaiq 68k]
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php native m68k] 
| [http://wiki.aranym.org/afs/setup_linux Aranym Debian], [http://www.gitorious.org/qemu-m68k QEmu m68k], [http://www.winuae.net/ WinUAE], or any UAE version, 
| 
| working native build available 
|-
| [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/Installing_on_Android] ARMv6 ArmV7 rev 2 
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Raspberry Pi armhf le and be nightly build experimental], 
| [http://www.aeros-os.org/styled-11/index.html Public arm build hosted on raspian], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots1.php Arm Linux and Android armhf hosted], 
| 
| Hosted version for Linux available on [http://www.genesi-usa.com/products/smartbook USA Efika MX Smartbook] or [http://www.genesi-europe.com/store/eu/ Euro Efika MX Products], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COUrcZat6oc RPi] and others 
|-
| Android  
| none
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots1.php armv6 32bit], [ i386], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php arm 64bit]
| 
| 
|-
| PowerPC PPC
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots1.php Efika 5200B chrp], [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.php Sam 440EP 460ex], 
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots1.php Linux], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php PPC MacOSX], 
| 
| Untested nightly build versions available 
|-
| iOS hosted  
| none
| none
| none
| 
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|}


AROS is open source so basically everyone can take part. The source is public and there are daily new commits and so based on these commits AROS is automatically compiled daily, result are the nightly builds which you can [http://www.aros.org see and download].  


* The [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php nightly builds] or [http://aros.sourceforge.net/downloads/ same builds here] are made automatically every night directly from the SVN (Subversion) tree and contain the latest code for the AROS operating system. However, they have not been tested in any way and can be horrible broken. Most of the time though, they work fine but with a reduced number of applications i.e. no web browser or multimedia player. 

The nightly builds NB are only used for testing changes, testing software and the starting point for distribution maintainers or even your own distribution. They are very basic, miss some functionality and apps and are not suited for end users. 

There are two standards ABIv0 (old) and ABIv1 (newest). 
*ABIv1 nightly builds (except 32bit x86 nightly and most user distributions) where the most work done by developers 
*ABIv0 is needed for 32bit (runs on 64bit) x86 distributions until the dedicated 64bit ABIv1 PC build is ready for users 


switch to one of these modes, or in fact something as simple as 1024x768@60Hz using the Intel Driver then the screen corrupts on the next system boot (As a reboot is needed after saving the settings)
AROS -&gt; prefs -&gt; Env-Archive
and look for screenmode.prefs file. Just delete it.


SysExplorer should hopefully show the correct information for devices, SysMon should hopefully show the correct task info and cpu load. Some virtual machines will result in some info not working (e.g. the CPU frequency in SysMon).

Also make sure the machine restarts correctly using the menu options, and if you have it running Native please check if the power button shuts down the machine when you briefly press it (as opposed to having to hold it for 10secs).

You may also want to see if USB is working if it didn't before, have experienced issues so far on the SMP build when writing to USB or copying files (so don't use something with files you don't want to lose ... better safe than sorry)


Debugging capture serial debug at all (especially with sysdebug=all or --sysdebug=all) to see it displayed on screen 

* yes, usb -&gt; rs232 adapters can work most of the time, some of the cheapest ones are not fully compatible with all rs232 devices to capture to another device 
* you will need a null modem cable (or a null modem adapter usually female to female) in addition to the usb -&gt; rs232 adapter (usb adapter is a normal modem ie. the pins are not crossed over) 

Normal modem cable - straight connection DCE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 2  RXD
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 3  TXD 
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5  GND
&lt;/pre&gt;

Null modem cable connections DTE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 3
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 2
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
(9pole SUB-D)


&lt;pre&gt;
serial  ser: (amiga/aros)  tty2 tty1USB0 (linux)  COM1 (windows)  (depends on the os being used) 
speed baud transfer rate 9600 38400     lower baud might be more successful 
data bits 8
stop bits 1
parity none
handshaking flow control - none xon/xoff (most likely)  rts/cts  dsr/dtr (pins not connected so should not work) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Additional solutions can be found [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=3588&amp;forum=24&amp;post_id=34619#forumpost34619 here].


*You cannot use compiled aros X86-64 bit software (when ready) on aros X86 32bit. PPC compiled software on X86 and so on. 
*68k is tested with the UAE emulator (WinUAE) but some tests are done on native 68000 based Amigas and others. 
*PPC support is very limited to certain devices. 


If you use the WBStartup, you have to delete the other icons in the folder (readme etc..) and you have to add in the Icon Tooltype the parameter DONOTWAIT

If you use user-startup instead, you need to add the attached command &quot;after assignment to LUA&quot;
C:WBRun DH1:Extras/Utility/WeatherBar/WeatherBar &gt;NIL:
Change the command to match your WeatherBar path.

&lt;pre&gt;
PATH sys:Utilities/WeatherBar ADD
run &gt;nil: lua:amilua weatherforecast.lua
&lt;/pre&gt;

To enter data your Country or City, ist with city_id numbers can be found [http://bulk.openweathermap.org/sample/city.list.json.gz here] or you need to go to [https://www.bbc.com/weather BBC Weather], once you type the name of your city or town in the appropriate tab, and give a enter, the 7 numbers to be added in the &quot;WeatherBar&quot; will appear on the Browser address bar next to the link


AROS 64 bit 
&lt;pre&gt;
hosted installation installation scripts now fixed and enhanced - some parts still disabled
Linux host support  Done
Win host support    No AROS x86-64 hosted for Win64 available ATM
AROS system	hosted  Icaros 64 boots to desktop on hosted Linux

native boot works with DVD media only. Booting from HD doesn't work
native installation	for AROS 64 does not boot from hard drive natively.
shell scripts need to be reviewed for missing components

video drivers    VESA and VMWARE drivers working, other still untested
3d drivers	     untested
AHI and audio	 some work done, drivers must be adapted to 64bit structures
USB	             untested
networking	     working under VMware, and working under Linux hosted
fonts            working ok

wanderer		Works, but AROS crashes when resizing workbench windows
ScalOS          possible replacement for Magellan, but crashing hard ATM
Magellan		missing 64bit executable

OWB	            missing 64bit executable
MPlayer	        missing 64bit executable
DOpus 4	        does not work at the moment, mandatory library missing at startup
ZuneView		missing 64bit executable
ZunePaint		missing 64bit executable
ZuneARC	        missing 64bit executable
ArosPDF         working but crashes when invoked from project icons as default tool
Janus-UAE		missing 64bit executable
AmiStart		missing 64bit executable
FryingPan		executable exists, needs testing 

Shell	shell-startup		yet to be adapted
C: commands		AROS base C: commands work
C: commands		most 3rd party shell utilities missing for 64bit
C: commands		icaros-mandatory utilities in C still being ported
developer/bin	mostly working
aminet/misc		mostly crashing
developer tools not working, native 64bit gcc can't produce executables, AROS chain needed
Hollywood libs/plug		missing 64bit executable which will only come when 64bit stable 
&lt;/pre&gt;

using [https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/p/64-bit.html IcarosDesktop x86-64] derived from ABIv1, use x86-64 for compiling and testing code intended to be backported to x86 eventually. Only after it is completely stable. 


{{status|50%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>fnyejgkqiwkwrwxo3gvmmset7gk9ahl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088407</id>
      <parentid>4088406</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:20:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="110124" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

==What is AROS==

Google translation 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Italian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=da&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Danish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Polish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ja&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Japanese], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ko&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Korean], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Portuguese], [http://translation2.paralink.com/ Free Translation] , [http://translation.babylon.com/ Babylon Translation] , 
[http://babelfish.yahoo.com/ Babel fish] 


*Computer Hardware
*AROS (operating system)
*Applications and Games
*User


[http://www.osnews.com/story/15819 AROS] is one of the intermediate levels between the computer hardware and the user. It is an open-source, clean-room implementation of AmigaOS 3.x that can be run on many different computer architectures. It runs primarily on x86 32bit and 64bit (as 32bit) hardware but also on motorola 68k and compatibles, AMD/Intel x86_64bit (work in progress), ARM and PowerPC. 

This page will cover enough to be able to write the downloaded image to your preferred media, to run a LiveUSB, LiveCD or LiveDVD on your office/home PC (Live meaning you can test without changing your existing setup) and, ultimately, to use it.  

Intel / AMD hardware support mostly covers the years 2000 to 2010, AROS has diminished support afterwards especially for SATA and USB3 (2014 onwards) which may prevent successful booting. At the moment, AROS is '''not''' recommended to be installed on a working vital data holding machine. Instead, installing to its own separate hard disk or '''USB stick''' is a much better option. 

AROS is an hobby OS and can co-exist with Windows(TM), MacOSX(TM), Android(TM) or Linux and act as an alternative. 
Unfortunately, Aros has few developers so upgrades and improvements can take [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/mailman/aros-cvs/ time to appear]. 

AROS core is now [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs ~80%] finished and is usable, so keep in mind that the software is still considered ALPHA/BETA and in development. Currently AROS is fun to play with on a curiosity level, but it is also interesting to program.  AROS has some multimedia features and has internet access.  

Most importantly, use AROS to its maximum potential as it stands now, find ways to have fun with it and share your experiences. 


Good Sites to visit 

: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86 m68k] 
: [http://vmwaros.blogspot.com Icaros Desktop]
: [http://tinyaros.flazio.com/home Tiny Aros]
: [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone AspireOS, of the netbook Aspire One]


: [https://ae.amigalife.org/ AROS-Exec community forum] 
: [https://www.arosworld.org/home.php Aros World User forum] 
: [http://archives.aros-exec.org/ Aros Archives] 


: [http://www.amiga.org/ Amiga OS AOS 3.x forum] 
: [http://eab.abime.net/ EAB Amiga] 
: [http://www.amigaworld.net/ AmigaWorld] 
: [http://www.amiga-news.de/en/ English translation of German site]
: [http://www.ppa.pl/ Polish Amiga Like News] 
: [http://www.amigaforum.de/ Amiga Forum] 
: [http://www.apollo-core.com/knowledge.php Apollo Forum] 


: [http://arosalive.blogspot.co.uk/p/10-basic-aros-how-tos-tutorials.html Basic How To guides] 
: [http://arosgamer.blogspot.co.uk/ AROS Playground], [http://salvatoreabbatemusic.webnode.it/aros/ Sabbate Aros uses], [http://thewetmachine.net/tag/aros/ Jess Wet Machine], [https://aroshacking.wordpress.com/ Jon Robertson's AROS Experiences and FPC Free Pascal], [], [http://www.apollo-accelerators.com/ Apollo Accelerators m68k], [http://www.amigablogs.net/ Amiga Blogs], [http://blog.a-eon.biz/blog/ Trevor Dickinson blog], [http://www.pegasos.org/index.php?name=Planet Genesi activity], 


: [https://aros.sourceforge.io AROS]
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Codebase]
: [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/bugs/ Sourceforge Bug List]. 
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues Issues]
: [https://www.facebook.com/ArosWorkshop/ Aros Workshop], 


*[https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=615.0 Aros Exec Discord] 
* IRC channel setup at the IRC network ??. To reach it, use the following data: 
* alternative irc.superhosts.net - #team*amiga - port 6667 for everything amiga on Sunday Nights. 


== Distributions aka Distros ==

For end users there are the distributions, mostly created and maintained by one person. 

* For native 64bit Intel/AMD (work in progress wip) : 
* For Intel/AMD 32bit which will run on 64bit machines: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86], [http://vmwaros.blogspot.co.uk/ Icaros Desktop], [http://tinyaros.flazio.com/home Tiny Aros], [http://www.aros-broadway.de/files/6f250c95673eb3cbe65221a5e1633eb8-75.html Broadway], [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone/home AspireOS] 
* For ARM there is Aeros and wip native Pi 
* For 68k [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One m68k], [http://www.aros-platform.de/ AROS Vision] [http://www.natami-news.de/html/aros_vision.html Old Site for AROS Vision] and [http://www.aeros-os.org/styled-11/ AMINUX - Amithlon like] 
* For Hosted on Linux [http://www.aros-broadway.de/files/6f250c95673eb3cbe65221a5e1633eb8-75.html Aeros], AMINUX, 


AROS Native is the term coined to describe AROS being run without any OS underneath it. It runs alone just like AmigaOS(TM) did. As this version does not benefit from &quot;Hosted&quot; drivers, dedicated ones have to be ported/written. Hence the smaller range of supported hardware peripherals. We have other pages highlighting this support 


AROS was originally developed on Linux running on an Intel-based computer, but now can be run as an app on many more operating systems (FreeBSD, Linux and Windows). This may sound strange: an OS running on top of another OS. 
Basically, this is to take advantage of existing Linux or Windows drivers (audio, internet, graphics, etc) and compiler environments with which people may be already familiar. The term we use for what AROS does is &quot;Hosted&quot;. 


==Media==

* USB [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86], 

* MD5 e089a24ae310e92fcc407a0125602ce8  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
* SHA1 1ba852b20f0372bfe40b95576cdc4d054abb6e58  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
* SHA256 ef98ea9fa89b15bc03399916a8264fcdf061a311ba70876f09bb7fab9371c686  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
* CRC32 e2c84cb3  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip

There is a vhd image inside the zip that can be written to usb sticks which is much faster than the old ISO method 
This .vhd can be written to an usb with these pieces of software 


Windows - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ RPi Raspberry Imager, use custom and see all files 
], [https://etcher.download/download-etcher/ Etcher], [https://rufus.ie/ Rufus],  

Linux   - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ Raspberry Imager Ubuntu], Suse Image / Multi writer, dd, 

Mac     - 


* Virtual Machine 
You can use a virtual emulator like VirtualBox, VMWare to mount the iso image which can then be used to boot and install to USB. 

Icaros 2.3 USB image needs an header stripped so it can work correctly 
 dd bs=512 skip=1 status=progress if=icaros_light_2-3-0_pendrive.bin of=icaros_light_2-3-0_pendrive_OK.bin &amp;&amp; sync


* CD/DVD

* MD5 f1fc8599ef6a39e5df394e0f41d55526  AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
* SHA1 533a853ff25f57d8464cb9686982753f44b14a2b  AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
* SHA256 4400a284013f726655b59b6307c03a4ccc0031ab01f9ae9ebe9e30fac874ac0b  AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
* CRC32 39fcc346  AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip

Previously the only installation option was CD-RW or DVD-RW, since the whole system can be burnt onto a single disk and can be reused when the next version is released. Good branded discs like Taiyo Yuden (JVC) or Verbatim should be used to reduce frustration later. The days for this media is gone but kept here for information 

Since nobody currently sells AROS on any other media, you will need access to a CD/DVD burner to create the installation disk yourself. After it is on a CD or DVD, then access and writing to USB pendrives becomes available (this should be viewed as an alternative method now), as well as using good USB manufacturers like Sandisk, Kingston, etc rather than some other no-names. 

Try burning it to a CD-RW or DVD-RW using your CD/DVD burning program (most burning software have a burn iso option). The ideal writing speed is 2x or 4x, higher speeds can give errors and problems.  Check the writing integrity of your CD or DVD if your software has an option to do so before going any further. 


*SD-card
For ARM Pi Aros, copy the files onto a FAT32 formatted SD card. 


==Booting==

The LiveUSB and in the past LiveCD LiveDVD was designed to trial (test drive) various operating systems without having to install them to your working system 

 You may have to press F10 or F12 or p on boot up to present a device boot options like usb or cd/dvd 

The boot should be fully automatic, and if everything works you should see a multiple choice graphic card screen after a little while (USB seconds, CDs and DVDs can be a little more than a minute). 

Since 2011, UEFI introduction to replace the BIOS made booting got more confusing. Some changes may be needed 
*UEFI to CSM, IDE mode 
*disabled the Fast Boot config so it would recognize portable DVD-drive and changed the Boot-sequence
*disabled the Secure Boot configuration.  

AHCI sata is very difficult to get working

* Once installed to hard-disk, AROS takes a few seconds on a fast SSD, up to 20 secs when on USB stick or up to 45 seconds to boot from mechanical HD as opposed to over 1 minute to boot from a CD/DVD. Most apps respond quickly when launched from SSD or hard disk. But CD DVD access is slower. 


For Virtual machines VMWare VirtualBox, etc, attach and press play to start the ISO image 

 If booting hasn't worked then it could be down to Bios/UEFI settings or USB3 (2014 onwards)  


=====UEFI and GPT=====

 Post 2011 machines - editing these settings should be avoided until AROS has better AHCI sata support 

* Check that UEFI (replacement for PC BIOS) has options set for UEFI boot, CSM, SecureBoot etc  
* SATA drive is set for AHCI and not Legacy 

Most Windows installs are already set to AHCI sata, changing this to a legacy IDE mode setting will not boot again until changed back 


===== BIOS and msdos =====

Pre 2010 this was the defacto method of providing settings to the computer at a lower level 

Some adjustments to the BIOS setup options (usually by pressing a key like DEL, F2 or ESC on the very early boot up of the computer). 

*Adjust booting options like moving USB hdd, CDROM higher as it is quite often disabled or placed lower by default, i.e. USB hdd, CD/DVD are placed at the top above the hard drive. Try looking here [http://www.windowsreinstall.com/articles/bios/ Windows] or [http://www.hiren.info/pages/bios-boot-cdrom Bios] or [http://www.wikihow.com/Set-Bios-to-Boot-from-a-CD-ROM Boot] or web search &quot;BIOS BOOT CDROM&quot;

* At the '''SAME''' time, check if the SATA/AHCI option is set to Emulate or IDE Legacy, though this can have '''issues''' with any OS already on the hard disk. If in doubt, do nothing and seek advice. 

* check that under BIOS settings you '''DO NOT''' have plug&amp;play OS selected as Aros at this point is unable to route interrupts on its own and needs the BIOS to do that. 

'''Save''' options changed at the end. 


=====Advice for various machines=====

Stages involved in a typical AROS boot start up but be aware that VESA mode gives no visual output whilst booting. It maybe beneficial to use vga (4bit mode - safe mode).


&lt;pre&gt;
ACPI: ????
[HPET] 
[Kernel:ACPI]
[Kernel:SMP APIC]
[PCI] Scanning bus ? 

[ehciInit] Port ? maps to controller ? 
[AHCI] Sata 

[BattClock] Got RTC century offset 0x32 from ACPI 
[Vesa]  only if vesa is chosen as graphics option 

[ATA] detect hd &amp; cd drives 
[ATA0?] ata-identity 
[Boot] choose suitable boot option 
[packet] fat.handler be.handler, etc 
[DOS] 

waiting for bootable media 

[MSS] USB setup
[drm] nouveau 
[ATI]
&lt;/pre&gt;

; If boot fails, please give us some indication where the boot stops and the message(s) on screen. 


AROS's native SATA/AHCI driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ahci.device, try disabling it. At your chosen boot entry in the GRUB menu, Press E, scroll down to the ahci.device entry, and delete it with Ctrl-K. Then press Ctrl-X or F10 to boot. 

If your disk isn't accessible at all with this change, you might need to change the SATA controller to IDE legacy mode in the BIOS: however, making this change will likely cause problems booting Windows on the same machine (if it's already installed). To disable ahci.device permanently, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub/cfg&quot;, and remove the ahci.device line from all boot entries you intend to use.

SATA AHCI Timeout while waiting for device to complete operations with BIOS SATA entry set to AHCI mode stops at &quot;waiting for bootable media&quot; screen, changing BIOS SATA setting back to IDE mode may allow it to continue booting 


The ATA driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ata.device, try using the alternative in sys:devs/alt which is an older version.  Press E when your chosen boot entry is highlighted in the GRUB menu, scroll down to the ata.device entry, and change it to read &quot;module /Devs/Alt/ata.device&quot;. Then press Ctrl-X to boot. To make this change permanent, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub/cfg&quot;, and change the path to ata.device in all boot entries you intend to use.


Further options (removing the &quot; &quot;) to add to the GRUB menus to disable certain other components for debugging:

&lt;pre&gt;
Disable ATA:           &quot;ATA=off&quot;
Disable ATA:           &quot;ATA=nopci,nolegacy&quot;
ATA safe mode:         &quot;ATA=nodma,32bit&quot;
Disable IDE from SATA: &quot;ATA=32bit,nosata2pata&quot;
ATA=nodma,nopoll  old VIA or SIS chipset motherboards with cdrom read io errors 

noacpi - boot option causes all [PCI] devices to be invisible to AROS. disk drives work but network, sound won't 

Disable AHCI/SATA: remove ahci.device line with Ctrl-K.
Disable USB: remove pciusb.device and poseidon.library lines with Ctrl-K.
Disable native graphics: &quot;nomonitors&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt; 

Other useful grub command line options - nomonitors, noacpi, vesahack, nopoll 

Press Ctrl and X together (or F10) to exit and boot with the new options. Just experiment with different variations until successful. Those working options will need to be reused with every reboot of AROS until you can edit the grub.cfg and make it permanent ie. install to hard disk or USB. 


* If you use VESA mode, you can see the debug log if you add 'vesahack' to the command  line.  This  will set up split-screen mode. In the upper half you'll see AROS screen, in the bottom - debug log. 
* ACPI ie. PCI hardware - If  you  get  crashes  at  early boot, try adding 'NOACPI' to the command line 


If all else fails, try a nightly iso build and add the option sysdebug=all to the grub line as that is able to report more feedback 


However, if you feel you have found a genuine bug/fault in AROS that needs attention, please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=439463&amp;group_id=43586&amp;func=browse bug submission form] to record as much information about what happened, why, and what hardware etc. you have so that people may try to assist you 


==Installing==

We have a specific section for each CPU platform under the Specific platforms in the NavBar navigation bar on the right hand side menu 

error code (-6) when using the ahci.device (has writing to disk problem but not reading) is enabled. change this line in your grub and reboot 
&lt;pre&gt;
#module /Devs/ahci.device      &lt;&lt; disable
module /Devs/Alt/ata.device    &lt;&lt; add this line instead
&lt;/pre&gt;


==File structure overview==

AROS' directory structure is mostly identical to AmigaOS directory structure, with some additions.

AROS: or SYS: also known as DH0: (i.e. the drive partition with AROS system) has the following simplified list of the main drawers (Amigas term for directories/folders). 


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|C:
| small apps, where AROS looks first for applications/games but will look at Tools, System afterwards
|----
|Devs:
| .audio, .hidd, network, graphics and other hardware device drivers are stored
|----
|L:
| where .handler files go 
|----
|Libs:
| where .library files go 
|----
|Prefs:
| applications that adjust or setup AROS functions and capabilities 
|----
|S:
| startup scripts (for the aros boot process '''not''' grub) are stored here
|----
|Storage:
| place to keep old or alternative device drivers
|----
|System:
| applications associated with AROS operating system
|----
|Tools:
| extra applications
|----
|}

See [[Aros/User/DOS#Drives.2C_Files.2C_Assigns.2C_Directories|DOS manual: Drives, Files, Assigns, Directories]]


=== Filesystem ===

Whilst the kernel is the heart, the filesystem is the blood of the system... 


Filesystem options for AROS to install 
* SFS default 
* Professional File System PFS3 [http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=52234&amp;highlight=pfs3+free&amp;page=13 m68k] 
* FFS old left for legacy usage 

Other filesystems for storage purposes 
* NTFS
* exFAT 

The Smart File System (SFS) is a journaling filesystem used on Amiga computers and AmigaOS-derived operating systems. It is designed for performance, scalability and integrity, offering improvements over standard Amiga filesystems as well as some special or unique features.  

SFS is written in C and was originally created and released as freeware in 1998 by John Hendrikx. After the original author left the Amiga scene in 2000, the source code to SFS was released and its development continued by Ralph Schmidt in MorphOS. 

Its development has now forked; as well as the original Amiga version, there are now versions for MorphOS, AROS, AmigaOS 3, and a version for AmigaOS 4, which have different feature sets but remain compatible to each other.  Versions for AROS, AmigaOS and MorphOS are based on different branches.  

In addition, there is a driver for Linux to read Amiga SFS volumes, GRUB natively supports it and there are free drivers to use it from UEFI.  The Linux version is [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ independent code].  

SFS (Smart File System) partially defragments itself while the filesystem is in use. The defragmentation process is almost completely stateless 

AROS SFS version has a 120GB partition size limit on hard disks and DVDs current 4gig size limit. 
The sources for the MorphOS 64-bit version of SFS were available but no porting to AROS has happened so far due to endian issues, etc. 

SFS Tools 
* GUI - arSFSDoctor, 
* CLI - sfscheck , [http://www.portacall.org/ sfsundelete], sfsformat, setcache hits a usability ceiling around the 10GB / 100,000 file mark, 

 sfscheck dh0: seek purge fraglist defragment

If there are two simultaneous file writes in progress and you reboot machine (or it locks up or crashes) you may end up with a corrupted filesystem. Although arSFSDoctor may help, you might have to copy the files to another partition, format the partition with the errors on and copy the files back. 

A bit error on the harddisk would give this error. 


PFS / SFS are way more advanced and much much faster than the FFS. FFS is supported for legacy reasons only. 
The Professional File System (PFS) is a filesystem originally developed commercially for the Amiga and now distributed on Aminet with a 4-clause BSD license. It is a compatible successor of AmiFileSafe (AFS), with an emphasis on added reliability and speed compared to standard Amiga filesystems.  It also features multi-user abilities like the older MuFS. 

PFS has so many advantages including the important things, speed, the ability to recover all deleted files even simply same name by typing the command &quot;. Deldir&quot; convenient if done in Directory Opus, virtually deleted files are copied normally as if they had never been deleted, other convenience is to not ever invalidate the filesystem, just put it on top of the startup-sequence command &quot;diskvalid&quot;, which automatically corrects any irregularities in the system startup; PFS also provides a device for floppy which makes them very fast and takes advantage of the full capacity of the floppy including the area dedicated to the bootloader.

The device is split into two main areas. At the beginning of the device is the metadata section, which consists of a root block, and a generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store metadata. The rest of the device is another contiguous generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store data. The metadata section usually uses a few percent of the device, depending on the size of the device.

The metadata is stored as a tree of single blocks in the metadata section. The entire directory structure is recorded in the metadata, so the data section purely contains data from files. The metadata describes the location of data in files with extents of blocks, which makes the metadata quite compact.   

When a metadata update occurs, the system looks at the block containing the metadata to be changed, and copies it to a newly allocated block from the metadata section, with the change made, then it recursively changes the metadata in the block that points to that block in the same way. This way, eventually the root block needs to be changed, which causes the atomic metadata update.   

The filesystem is reasonably good at keeping files unfragmented, although there is a defragmentation tool available which will work on an online filesystem ie whilst being used. 

It was the first filesystem to introduce the concept of the Recycle Bin natively at filesystem-level to the Amiga, holding the last few deleted files in a hidden directory on the disk root.  

PFS version 5.3 was developed in C and a small portion of assembly code by Michiel Pelt.  There are endian issues to be overcome and adapting the small amount of m68k to C before use on intel based machines, etc.  


Autoupdate of files in a directory is already implemented in Wanderer, but not all file systems handle dos.library/StartNotify() in its full extent. It seems to work correctly in Ram Disk (thanks to AmberRAM handler), and it also works on SFS formatted devices. Other file systems might not yet have it implemented correctly though. 

The PC equivalent of the Amiga's RDB is the master boot record (MBR).


===Installing Applications===

The typical means to install applications under AROS/AmigaOS involves simply copying/extracting the archive (.zip .lha .rar .tar.gz) file containing the applications files to your own desired location i.e. drawer/folder. Once extracted, launching it by double clicking on an icon (recommended) or using the shell (alternative). Generally, this is on a separate partition from your AROS system files, however in reality it can be any location - including RAM: if you don't want it staying around too long especially when you switch off. 

At some time in the future it may be desirable for AROS to have a package-manager like subsystem able to retrieve information online about packages available for AROS and whether they update anything you currently have installed, however at the moment no such ability exists.


===User Data files===

AmigaOS has no notion of a default location to store user data files, and presently neither does AROS - though it may be desirable at some time to provide a common start location.

For most people, extra small FAT32 NTFS partition(s) as well as the usual Sys: (DH0:) and Work: (DH1:) / Briefcase (DU1:) partitions to store data seems preferable.  Especially if a reinstall is ever needed.  


===User Environment configuration files===

AmigaOS/AROS stores persistent system configuration data in directory assigned to ENVARC:.  This, by default, points to SYS:Prefs/EnvArc.

During boot a copy is made to another assign, ENV:, which is for runtime usage.  Changes to the files here will not survive a reboot.

Setting the env variables is generally done by applications themselves, or when neccessary by the user using the SetEnv command. SetEnv has a SAVE switch to force the persistent copy in ENVARC: to be written also for when you are sure the change should be permanent.

Under the standard installation of AmigaOS style OSs, ENVARC: is copied to ENV: upon startup, which, if you have a hard drive installation, is in RAM:, hence, ENV: ends up being RAM:Env.

ENVARC: is the Environment Archive, which is the permanent copy of ENV:, which is the Environment.  It's roughly like the Registry in Windoze. 

Most programs do (and all should) store their settings in ENVARC: somewhere, and load them from ENV:.  The effect of this can be seen in the Preference editors.  If you Save your preferences, they go in ENVARC: and ENV:.  If you click Use, they only go in ENV:.  If you reboot, normally, anything saved to ENV: is lost, and is replaced with a copy of what is in ENVARC:.


===Drivers===

All hardware support is placed in the Devs drawer (folder/directory). The network drivers &lt;something.device&gt; go in the Networks sub-drawer. Audio drivers &lt;something.audio&gt; are put in the AHI sub-drawer. Graphics drivers &lt;something.hidd&gt; are put in the Drivers sub-drawer. 


==Configuring==

Changing the background, icons, font, menus with SYS:Prefs/Zune 

AROS has several desktop GUI front ends like 
* DOpus5 Magellan, Wanderer and Scalos (medium) 
* AROS Workbench, Workbook (smaller) 

File / Directory managers like Dopus4, MCAmiga, 

App Launch Shortcuts like FKey, Amistart, BoingIconBar, right mouse click on magellan, wanderer desktop, etc 

General usability decisions - Prefs/IControl, 


Most apps can be autostarted by copying into SYS:WBStartup directory folder 
e.g. WeatherBar.zip can be downloaded, unzip and the contents of the zip copied to wbstartup folder 

or add a text line to user-startup is SYS:S (scripts version of wbstartup) 

e.g. standard Amiga / AROS does not allow clicking of background windows to come to the front to make it easy to get to the window you need but it has the ability if these apps are copied again to WBStartUp or are added to SYS:S/user-startup script 

 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/ClickToFront &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/DepthMenu &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;Nil: 


Exchange controls Commodities and can be opened with alt, ctrl, h 

Although there are heaps of docks, menus and other launcher programs on the Amiga like OSs, FKey has got to be one of the quickest and less complicated ways to launch programs, and it comes with the OS. 

In SYS:Tools/Commodities, the FKey commodity (Ctrl Alt F) allows you to make actions assigned to some combinations of keys 

&lt;pre&gt;
ALT TAB       Cycle Windows
              Cycle Screens
              Enlarge Window
              Shrink Window
              Toggle Window Size
              Insert Text
              Run Program
              Run Arexx Script
&lt;/pre&gt;

e.g.
&lt;pre&gt;
LAmiga F1               = Avail Flush
LAmiga F2               = Open Prefs
LAmiga F3               = Finder
Alt Tab                 = Cycle Windows
LAmiga Tab or M         = Cycle Screens
Alt Up arrow            = Enlarge Window 
Alt Down arrow          = Shrink Window
Alt Home                = Toggle Window Size 
                        = Insert Text             
LAmiga e                = Run Program             
                        = Run Arexx Script        
&lt;/pre&gt;

If your FKey GUI pops up when you start your Workbench up and you don't want it to, click once on the icon, go to the Icons-Information in the menu and make sure it has the tooltype set &quot;CX_POPUP=NO&quot;. 

Now let's launch it and assign the locale switching. After you double-click on FKey icon, launch the Exchange, choose the FKey from list and click the Show button. This will invoke the FKey window. You can see the ALT TAB in list assigned to window switching. Now enter the first key combination, say, ALT Z and go to the right panel. Choose Launch the program from pulldown menu and enter SYS:Prefs/Input as an argument. Append the USE switch and english preset name to the string as shown:

SYS:Prefs/Input USE SYS:Prefs/Presets/english

Click on the New Button to add the another combination. Now set the combination for your locale as shown above, replacing English name with your preset name. Click New button again and then Save Settings. Now you can use defined combinations to switch the layouts.


Although not needed by most users, the system wide ARexx script capability can manage many file manipulation task(s) but this would work only with those program that support [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx ARexx] like 

*Desktop - DOpus5, Scalos 
*Dock - FKey, 
*Files - Multiview, DOpus4, 
*Internet Apps - Odyssey, WookieChat, 
*General Apps - 


the shell can be modified with escape strings but not needed in most cases 


 Common Keyboard Shortcuts

&lt;pre&gt;
RAlt Right Alt Key 
LAlt Left Alt Key 
RWinKey Right Windows Key 
LWinKey Left Windows Key 
RAmiga Right Amiga Key (if one)
LAmiga Left Amiga Key (if one)
&lt;/pre&gt;

;Bootup Options 
:Spacebar during boot, enters the bootmenu which allows a boot without startup sequence, etc  

;Left Click 
:LAmiga = LWinKey = F11 

;Right Click 
:RAmiga = RWinKey = F12 

;Mark 
:RAmiga and B 

;Cut 
:RAmiga and X 

;Copy 
:RAmiga and C 

;Paste 
:RAmiga and V 

;Search 
:RAmiga and S 

;Mouse Movement 
LAmiga and together with arrow keys - shift as well at the same time as well to move faster 

;Mouse Selection 
LAmiga and LAlt to select 

;Screen Switching 
LAmiga and M or N 

;HELP key 
Can sometimes be mapped to F11 but can be changed via FKey 


===DOpus 5 Directory Magellan===

Dopus 5.x is a whole desktop replacement on the Amiga Workbench (Desktop). 

Left mouse button clicked twice on the desktop background brings up the Device List window. 
Green strip notifies SRCE (source) and if another is open it may be red for DEST (destination). clicking on the red strip changes to green 

Word list of actions with a left mouse click on the DOWN Arrow and directory stuff with &lt; button next to it 

single-key hotkeys? exactly the same as in dopus4, edit your functions (button bank, toolbar, menus etc.) and under the flags gadget is a key gadget, just click in it and press the key you want to use.

As for the extra text field... try turning off Extended lister key selection in environment / miscellaneous.


Settings (Right Win key together with 4) -&gt; Themes i.e.      assign D5THEMES: DOPUS5:Themes 

*Toolbar  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 1) for Copy, Move, Delete, etc above the Device List 
*Listers  -&gt; Menu (Right Win Key together with 2) 
*Buttons  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 3) unknown 
*Settings -&gt; Clock (add to title bar as well as the date) 
*Settings -&gt; Environment (Right Win key together with 4) for Backgrounds, etc 
*Hotkeys  -&gt; Setup for quick shortcut keypresses (Right Win Key together with 7) 


Each Dopus5 theme are stored in a separate directory, named appropriately, which contains further sub directories 

* Screens (jpg or any picture supported by datatypes but not animations) 
* Sounds (wav iff snd svx supported) 
* Icons (png newicons glowicons ) 
* Desktop Patterns (iff ) 


Shift and click on the icon - runs the icon 


arcdir 


arexx / dopus5 scripts see dopus5/arexx/ folder 

Just use wildcards in background filenames and you get different pics in reboots!

For example, configure in Environment -&gt; Backgrounds -&gt; Desktop something like this:
&lt;pre&gt;
Work:Pictures/Backgrounds/#?
...or:
Work:Pictures/back#?.iff
...etc...
&lt;/pre&gt;

If you want change the bg backdrop pic in runtime after some time, an arexx-script for it (paste it into a text file called dopusrandbg.rexx or dopusrandbg.dopus5 

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Changes DOpus background image forever

   Start with:
   Run &gt;NIL: RX dopusrandbg.rexx 
*/

if ~show(&quot;L&quot;, &quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;) then do
	if ~addlib(&quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;, 0, -30,0) then exit 10
end

/* Configure these two lines for your needs: */
minutes=1
picpath=&quot;Work:Pics/#?.iff&quot;

address DOPUS.1

do forever
	call delay 3000*minutes
	dopus set background '&quot;'picpath'&quot;' desktop center custom
	dopus refresh background custom
end
&lt;/pre&gt;

If you don`t want to use/open rexxsupport.library just for DELAY() then use the DOS Wait command

&lt;pre&gt;
/* random diropus backdrop changer */
/* by paul trauth, 1999 */
/* to do: non-repeatable randomness? */

options results

parse arg path

address DOPUS.1

/* get current backdrop pattern so it actually changes */

dopus query background desktop custom
currentpatt=result
lastslash=lastpos('/',currentpatt)
currentpatt=substr(currentpatt,lastslash+1,(pos('&quot;',currentpatt,2)-lastslash-1))

dir=showdir(path,'FILE','/')
num=0
do while dir~=''
    where=pos('/',dir)
    if where&gt;0 then do
        file=left(dir,where-1)
        dir=right(dir,length(dir)-where)
    end
    else do
        file=dir
        dir=''
    end

    if left(file,1) ~='.' &amp; file~=currentpatt then
        do
            pics.num=file
            num=num+1
        end
end

which=random(0,num-1,time(s))
newbg='&quot;'||path||'/'||pics.which||'&quot;'

dopus set background newbg desktop tile precision exact
dopus set background on
dopus refresh background
&lt;/pre&gt;

It's WB ARexx interface, you could enter a cli command as a menu item to open a WB drawer like this...
 RX &quot;address WORKBENCH;WINDOW 'device:drawer' OPEN&quot;
Where device:drawer is replaced by the path of the drawer to open. 

The ARexx script would be capable to manage such a task but this would work only with those program that support ARexx 


[http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/ DirOpus 5 Magellan], [https://sourceforge.net/p/dopus5allamigas/discussion/dev/ discussions], [http://sourceforge.net/p/dopus5allamigas/code/515/tree/ src code], 


===Wanderer ===

Backgrounds icon text sizes, colors, etc with wanderer prefs in the prefs drawer but cannot use #? or *.* in the backgrounds file entry to randomly choose pictures 


Provides a way to hide the old Workbench 3.1 style of windows and screens. 

Themes - SYS:Prefs -&gt; Appearance 
The default content of Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/themes.var should be &quot;themes:ice&quot; but can be changed via the theme prefs, please do NOT click the Use button. Its useless. As you know, it will ask for the theme volume. Just pick the theme you want, click on Save, then reboot. 

* Decoration is on. Any time trying to change theme, you get: &quot;Please insert volume Theme: in any drive&quot;? 
You could check if you find SYS:System/Themes or if it is missing. Then you could open startup-sequence which you can find in drawer &quot;S&quot;. There should be a line: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES &gt;Nil: 
This does the trick. 
Open a shell and run: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES 
Than start the Theme prefs again... this should work 

* The theme is the only thing that could slow the system a bit, but it's not that performance impacting on most uses, and you can switch it of completely. Remove C:Decoration from the bottom of the file sys:s/startup-sequence. 

[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/theme ALua/Zulu script] built for faster Wanderer skin management. You can modify config files, install new (wdz format/zipped skin files) and delete skins via the Theme Manager. 


[http://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone/download-1 Global.Prefs] 


===Scalos (work in progress)===

* 41.x (since 2012)  sqlite3 V3.7.10 Open Source 1.x beta 
* 41.8 (2008) Scalos 1.9 beta 
* 41.5 beta (2007)
* [http://migalliance.free.fr/History.html 40.32 bug fixes up to 2004]
* 39.222 from 2000 Last full version 1.2d 
* xx.x 1996 first version 


[http://scalos.noname.fr/manual/index.html Manual][http://scalos.noname.fr/ Scalos] expects Prefs to be in ENVARC: 

Please ensure you copy Scalos:Prefs Scalos:Storage/Envarc to SYS:Prefs/Scalos and copy which language you need 

&lt;pre&gt;
ASSIGN Scalos:             SYS:xxx/xxx DEFER   
ASSIGN Libs:               Scalos:Libs add    
ASSIGN SYS:Devs/Datatypes  Scalos:Devs/Datatypes   add  
&lt;/pre&gt;

to SYS:S/user-startup     


On Scalos x86 native doesn't start any programs from the WBStartup drawer at the moment 


Scalos's Prefs (right mouse button, Drawers, Scalos Prefs) and double click Scalos_Prefs app icon 
 the other prefs - Scalos_Menu, Scalos_FileTypes, Scalos_Palette, Scalos_Pattern - are smaller parts of this one preference app 


Prefs cover these subject areas 
&lt;pre&gt;
About Scalos
Paths
Startup
Desktop             - after adding title_clock.plugin %ti %da does not work %wp not showing %pr shows 68000 not x86 
Icons
Drag and Drop
Windows
Text Windows
TrueType Fonts
Miscellaneous
Plugins             - 
Modules
PopupMenu
Pattern             - Wallpaper backgrounds DE pic 1, 
Palette             - change the color of things 
Menu                - Menu.pre saves to SYS:Prefs/presets/scalos 
FileTypes           - recognise files and open right app 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Scalos_Prefs - Pattern - Minimum options to changed are 
*DE Desktop/Background 
*IW Window/Background ie Icons showing 
*TW Window/TextBackground ie Text listing showing if icon type not recognised 


Pattern List tab Page - Allows you to compile a list of pictures (one at a time rather than a whole folder eg with #? or *.*), assigning a number Nr to one or more of them for easy reference. Using this number you will be able to assign the pictures to specific windows on the Defaults tab Page. If multiple pictures have the same number, one of the pictures will be chosen randomly. This will allow you to have random desktop pictures, random window backdrops etc. 

Defaults tab Page - Here you can set the defaults for the background pictures in Scalos.
Randomize every time [check box] - Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture will be selected as soon as a window with the same number assignment is opened. 


Popup Menu preferences fully configurable menus (includes ToolsDaemon and ParM launch apps import), including support for context-sensitive Popup menus configs for top pull down menus for apps, etc. 


right mouse button - Scalos_Prefs, Menu, New Menu, New Item, New Command add name at top then in Command Properties eg. add Workbench then underneath add app location e.g. DOpus:DOpus4 


*Modules - delete, empty_trashcan, execute, find, format_disk, information, iconproperties, newdrawer, reboot, rename, systeminfo, windowproperties 


*Plugins
&lt;pre&gt;
devicefilter.plugin
persist.plugin            should a crash or reboot occur - next time Scalos is started your windows will be re-opened 
title_clock.plugin
title_envvar.plugin
title_freepens.plugin
volumegauge.plugin
wb39.plugin
wbrexx.plugin             AREXX scripts which alter the Workbench
xtwindows.plugin          left or right ALT or left or right SHIFT keys when open/close windows 

filetype.plugin
menu.plugin
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Tools - scripts and apps like LoadWB, quit.rexx, open_volume.rexx, 
With the help of the wbrexx.plugin Scalos gains support for more of the compatible arexx API 

If an arexx command produces an error you will find the error code placed in the WORKBENCH.LASTERROR variable.

ACTIVATEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Activate the root window */
ADDRESS workbench
ACTIVATEWINDOW root

/* Activate the &quot;Work:&quot; partition's window if already open*/
ACTIVATEWINDOW &quot;Work:&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

CHANGEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Change the root window; move it to position 10,30. * and change its size to 200100 pixels */
ADDRESS workbench
CHANGEWINDOW root LEFTEDGE 10 TOPEDGE 30 WIDTH 200 HEIGHT 100

/* Change the currently active window */
CHANGEWINDOW active 20 40 200 100
&lt;/pre&gt;


Each theme drawer (folder) has further folders 
&lt;pre&gt;
About
Desktop
FileTrans
FileType
Icons
Menu 
Modules
PointerIcons
Prefs
Sound
Window
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    100% Workbench replacement - All functions work like the original Workbench ones
    Undo and Redo for most window and icon operation
    Fully multitasking - Every window has its own task. While loading icons, any window function (e.g. Drag&amp;Drop) is available


    Cybergraphics and Picasso96 24bit color support
    Window patterns - Unlimited and easily configurable via tooltypes
    Optimised backgroundpatterns routine - Patterns can be tiled, centred or even scaled to fit into the windows. With the use of render.library, you get full control over the dithering and pen usage of your patterns
    Live updating window scrolling - Supports middle mouse button panning too!
    Drawer windows can be iconified


    Icon imagetypes - All types are supported such as backfill or complement. Configurable surrounding iconborder
    Icon datatype system - NewIcon datatype included. Icon support also visually highlights files which are soft-links in the file system.
    Icon dragging is more stable - And far less flickery on graphics cards. Whilst dragging, icons are displayed with text and they become transparent over anything where they can be dropped! MUI-alike transparency on low colour screens. Real transparency if running at 15-bit or greater.
    Single-window lasso mode, with scrolling window contents invoked by dragging mouse with configurable qualifier key
    Text icon lasso selection used to ignore &quot;Name column selects text icons&quot; flag
    Added support for backfilled thumbnail icons, with selectable color and transparency
    Added option to always generate square thumbnail icons
    Thumbnail preview icons for images - Thumbnails can be permanently saved in icons


    Supports PNG icons with alpha channel and real transparency
    Displays OS3.5 GlowIcons even on OS3.1 machines
    Scalable icons
    Iconborders - Nice looking, Icontext variations (normal, shadowed, outlined)
    Screentitle text - Shows what you want, how you want


    Application Interface (API) - Anything is possible from outside the program itself
    Completely configurable, filetype-specific user-definable popup menus and tooltips
    Plugin system to exchange or add features - It enhances the Workbench and makes it more configurable
    Filetype plugins to display filetype-specific information. - Currently, EXIF information viewer for JPEG images is included.
    Plugin included for 100% support of OS3.9 Workbench features
    Plugin included for AREXX API compatible to OS3.9 Workbench
    Online update with updater.module


We want to add the following features:

    Add a diskcopy.module, format.module and reboot.module
    Replace the other modules with newer ones featuring lots of nice little niggly fixes and animated eye candy where possible :o)
    Add some sort of configurable sounds for certain events
    Make the installer more intelligent
    Add themes support (if not in V1.x this WILL be in V2.x)

&lt;/pre&gt;

Although the app contains 64bit arithmetic support (so correctly recognises harddisks over 4GB) - some work is still needed for native 64bit hardware support 

Shutdown -&gt; right mouse button Scalos, About, Reboot, Shutdown 


===DOpus 4 Directory Opus===

Copy DOpus4 app to WBStartup directory folder so it starts on boot up each time 

Another method is add the below to the bottom of the user-startup script in S: drawer/directory 
&lt;pre&gt;
run DOPUS:DirectoryOpus -i &gt;NIL
&lt;/pre&gt;
makes DOpus starts up in Iconified state at the top of Wanderer's screen. Left click on this to highlight and right mouse click to open. 


Just click on the sides of either outer edges of DOpus windows and it will display the parent device/volume list. 


DOpus saves it features in a CFG file which can be edited to suit anyones' needs by reading the [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Dopus Manual] which is in Guide format. 


===AmiStart===

Auto generates the apps menu but scans the drive each time - AmiStart can choose apps you are not interested 

* how to disable annoying zune/mui 'bubbles'? 
try a right-click on AmiStart and release on Global settings. Then click on the bubbles gadget. Move the Show Bubbles slider all the way to the left.


===BoingIconBar===

User chooses the apps to add to the dock at the centre bottom of the screen but has to be done manually, please use Save afterwards 

right mouse click on bottom edge of screen where boingiconbar shows - select settings which opens BoingIconBar Preferences to add apps 

If no dock showing Add, to add apps click Add Program and search for the executable 

&lt;pre&gt;
SYS:System/Shell 
SYS:Tools/DOpus4/DOpus4
SYS:Utilities/Editor
SYS:System/SysMon
SYS:System/Scout
Work:Extras/Internet/OWB/OWB
Work:Extras/Graphics/Lunapaint
Work:Extras/Graphics/ZunePaint
AROS:Tools/MPlayer/MPlayer
&lt;/pre&gt;

another method is to drag icons to ends of the bar and move them on the Bar using the Prefs/BoingIconBar 


===Icons===

Icons are typically now .png pictures renamed as .info e.g. so Office application name would have a Office.png renamed as Office.info or MyApp.png as MyApp.info, etc.  

To select multiple icons and save their positions, click on the first icon and after while you hold the Shift key down select further icons and don't release it before SnapShot is finished.  You can also select a whole group of icons by pressing the LMB at the top left of the icons and while keeping the LMB down moving the power towards the bottom right. A expanding bounding box will appear and all the icons within it will be selected.  

Clean Up menu option (right mouse button -&gt; Icons) rearranges icons in a drawer or disk window into a neater condition. To use, open the window to rearrange and select Clean Up. To keep the icons in the new positions, select all the icons (shift key or mouse selection) and select 'Snapshot' and then Window and then again with All.  

In DOpus5, Saclos, wanderer, most files have a icon file associated with it. To change the default tool, select Icon menu, Information, and change the default tool string. For example, you could use Multiview, Editor and so on for most text, graphics and some sound files as long as the appropriate Datatype classes are installed. For scripts, set the tool to C:IconX 

C:Join Image1.png Image2.png TO MyFile.info
is enough to make a dual state icon from two png images. You can then use Wanderer's menu Icon/Information on it to edit its fields and tooltypes.

[http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-46881.html Amiga OS 3.x AfA icons thread], [http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=66213 Later DualPNG and OS4 icons thread] and [http://archives.aros-exec.org/share/graphics/icon/ Alternative Icons sets] like [http://www.amiga-look.org/artwork/classic-wb-png-iconset-l ClassicWB] 


[http://www.masonicons.info/6.html AISS toolbar images] unpack unarc them into RAM: and copy Images directory to SYS:Prefs/Presets/ 

AISS icons are looked for in PROGDIR:, PROGDIR:Images, SYS:Prefs/Presets/Images and then in TBImages: according to Open Amiga guidelines.  

there is Demos/iconscale which could be launched from S:User-Startup with two arguments, telling it the horizontal and vertical size. IE something like 
 Demos/iconscale 40 40

It will shrink icons... not sure if it will be very nice though. it doesn't work for the icons on the main desktop. 

there is an option to scale an icon to a bounding box afair, try iconsize followed by two numbers, like:
iconsize 32 32

Is there any way in AROS to change an icon type from Project to Tool or vice versa?
Either the SIT option of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/ ProcessIcon], or the TYPE option of HandleInfo (not sure if this one works at all, please test with care).
 processicon sys:pathoftheicon SIT=Project 

SIT Set type of ICON. Allowed types are: &quot;Disk&quot;, &quot;Drawer&quot;, &quot;Tool&quot;,  &quot;Project&quot;, &quot;Garbage&quot;, &quot;Device&quot;, &quot;Kick&quot; and &quot;AppIcon&quot;.

Btw, are your icons, the #?.info files, writable, is the W flag set ?


===Fonts===

Install the #?.ttf files to SYS:Fonts/TrueType. Use SYS:System/FTManager to &quot;Install Font&quot; each #?.ttf file which will generate associated #?.otag and #?.font in SYS:Fonts. Use SYS:Prefs/Fonts to change system fonts and SYS:Prefs/Zune to change others. 

To achieve our goal we will use the Setup Locale, Input, Zune and Fonts, as well as The FTManager.

Begin

The first step you should do is to get the system to know that we speak and write in another language. What you need to do is to open the setup program and choose Locale country, and list &quot;preferred languages&quot; to put it first and then English. If you want the tab &quot;Time Zone&quot; and select city of residence to set the clock correctly. Of course we save our changes and continue opening the setup program Input. This sets the keyboard language as our beginning. When the language layout was created there was no option to switch to Aros keyboard (layout switching), so to write in the language you had to hold down Alt, something you encounter in other functions, such as AmigaOS 4 and MorphOS. This time working with the team of Aros to create a new keyboard layout to replace the old so we can get rid of the button Alt. For now though let only selected this layout and do not turn the switch on the keyboard.

On the occasion of the article, write in the comments below if you'd prefer to keep both layouts, the new words that are in development and this requires the Alt button pressed.

Installing fonts

In this step you need to download some fonts that can support the Greek encoding in our system. The easiest way is to run the script &quot;Download Fonts&quot; you'll find in the folder AROS: Utilities / OWB. This script downloads from the Internet, and unpacks some fonts for OWB, which is placed under the folder Fonts: TrueType. But as these can only be used by OWB and not the system, which unfortunately does not see. To make them available to the rest of the system, open the program FTManager, you will find the folder AROS: System /. From there select the field &quot;Codepage&quot; option &quot;ISO-8859-7&quot; and list the font &quot;Arial&quot; and &quot;Regular&quot; form in which you must double-click with the mouse. In the window that appears, select the bottom right the checkbox &quot;Anti-aliasing&quot; button and then &quot;Install&quot;. Immediately folder Fonts: created files &quot;arialregular.font&quot; and &quot;arialregular.otag&quot;, which are necessary in order to see the system font. Do the same steps if you wish for other fonts.

Final stages 

After completing the above, open the folder AROS: Prefs / and run the program settings Fonts. In the new window, select the fields &quot;Icons&quot; and &quot;Screen&quot; as the font &quot;ArialRegular&quot; to the size you want. In the field &quot;System&quot; to give &quot;s_courier&quot;, which, however, because it is not True Type Font support Antialising, and may seem a little broken. You can also use the CourierNew, if you have installed the above procedure. After you save the changes and open the Zune program settings. In this set the &quot;ArialRegular&quot; font fields in tabs &quot;Windows&quot; and &quot;Groups&quot;, and save the changes. Reboot the system. To make sure that the above worked properly run NoWinED, which you will find under the folder AROS: Tools /. If that everything is working correctly you will see the menu and the settings window with Greek letters. You can also write in the language using the button Alt. Second program that you can try, which is fully localized, is WookieChat, which you will find in the folder AROS: Extras / Networking. And in this place all the menu and settings window works. 


===Windows===

*Intuition
The window you position and resize, you right click on that windows title bar and in the dropdown menu you snapshot from there.  Right click to show menu -&gt; Window -&gt; Snapshot Windows or All but it will NOT work if that folder has no icon (e.g. Disk.nfo) attached to it. You need a folder icon. The window information gets saved in it.  

As for maximising the window using a shortcut key - Alt and up arrow key 

The AROS-Shell windows can be moved, resized by editing sys:s/icaros-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
; run shell
if ${Icaros/autoshell} EQ true
  run QUIET c:newshell &gt;NIL:
EndIF
&lt;/pre&gt;

; slimmer right aros the screen 
run QUIET c:newshell con:0/150//300/ &gt;NIL:

; top right corner scr-x scr-y win-x win-y
run QUIET c:newshell con:600/150//300/ &gt;NIL:


*Zune - AROS version of MUI
Magic Menu type functionality is implemented in IControl preferences editor: in the frame called Menus, switch type from Pull-Down to Pop-Up and/or iControl just tick the sticky menu option. 


Windows outside screens causing a problem either uncheck &quot;Offscreen move&quot; for windows in IControl prefs editor. Or use FKey commodity and define two key shortcuts: 

* the first using the command &quot;cycle windows&quot; (for example ALT TAB); 
* the second using the command &quot;rescue window&quot; (for example ALT F5). 

Now you can cycle windows until the one you want to rescue, and then &quot;rescue&quot; it: it will move back inside your screen. 


How to save the window size on wanderer (snapshot all, snapshot windows)

Same for icon position on wanderer, can't save the position. Icon position cannot be saved yet, but you should be able to save the window position and size. sys:prefs - wanderer icon has option to save window size on exit but just for dh0. To get saving working on (DH1: Extras:) partitions try deleting the dh1 disk.info file, then reboot. The system should create a new dh1 icon. 


* how to set up permanently 'view all files'?
As for viewing all files, removing disk.info for that disk did the job 

* how to list and kill processes (xkill would be useful) ? 
sys:Extras/System/Scout can kill apps 

sys:Tools/Commodities/Exchange can remove available commodities


* how to restore 'go up' button in wanderer window? (it doesn't show up anymore).
If you're using Icaros, go to the theme prefs and make sure that decoration is checked. Also, some themes do not use a parent button, so try another theme. You may have to restart Aros before the theme will change.

* Is it really safe to turn off (hardware button) computer at any time (worried about USB hard disk)
yes you can turn off the computer IF none of the drives are in progress (i.e. writing). Best to use Wanderer menu option Quit otherwise 


===Network Connection===

AROS currently only has one real choice for TCP/IP networking - AROSTCP.  This is a port of the AmiTCP package from AmigaOS (TM), with a number of enhancements/fixes from AROS developers. 


 Please use Prefs/Network to set up wired, wireless or USB networking 
 Non USB wifi is easier, USB wifi can be an annoyance - remember to save whilst in prefs 


====Wired====

The top half of the IPv4 Configuration tab on the Network Prefs deals with the network card/USB and the lower half the router part. 

[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs DHCP.png|thumb|DHCP Settings]]

'''Upper part of IPv4 tab''' 
* Click Add on the top right of the Prefs which opens a window called '''Interface''' 
* Enter Name as net0 (but can be anything as long as it is consistently used in other sections) 
* check mark on Active
* select device to be used using the '''right hand-side gadget''' of the box where the device name will go 
* set Unit to 0 
* IP Mode is default set to '''Get address from DHCP''' 


* IP Mode set to Manual if DHCP does not work 
* IP Address of network card = Take the Gateway (router IP address) below and adjust higher the last digit out of a string of four 
* Subnet netmask = 255.255.255.0 


* click OK


[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs Manual.png|thumb|Manual Settings]]

'''Lower part of IPv4 tab''' 
* IP Mode Get address from DHCP (default) 


* or changing to Manual if automatic DHCP set up does not work 
* '''Gateway''' (Router Internal LAN-IP) = 192.168.0.1 (D-Link Netgear), 192.168.1.1 (Linksys 3com), 192.168.2.1 (SMC Microsoft), 192.168.1.254 (Belkin), 192.168.123.254 (USRobotics) else check with your router manual 
* first DNS = use 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 212.50.160.100 (google)  i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 
* second DNS = use 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 213.249.130.100 (google) i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 


* At the bottom of IPv4 tab, check mark the '''Start networking during system boot''' option 
* Save and reboot (sometimes Network restart fails, so reboot every time to be sure) 


'''an alternative way''' is to take the settings from an OS already using the same internet connection. Another connection will have different settings. 

e.g. From [http://www.ncsu.edu/resnet/windows/ipconfig/ Windows], '''ipconfig /all''' 
and note down the IP, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers values and put these values in &quot;manually&quot; into AROS Network prefs. 

e.g. From Linux via dhcp router have a look at etc/dhcpc/dhcpcd-eth0.info 
* for manual input look at /etc/networks (IP or Gateway) and /etc/resolv.conf (DNS) 

 Please note that all in one routers (wired+wireless) or separate routers may need different settings 


====Wireless====

[[File:MyArosWirelessSetup.png|thumb|Why does it not work?]]

[[File:MyArosWirelessTCP.png|thumb|Shell commands to work out what is happening]]

We must first make certain you have a Atheros 5k chip inside acting as the wireless wifi option. Open PCITool in Tools directory. Down left hand side are a series of numbers 0.00.0 etc. Click on some at the bottom and hopefully one of them will say Atheros AR5??? or AR242?. 

or a Realtek RTL8187B, we can check using Prefs/Trident as this one is USB based 


There are many similarities with the above Wired set up so please read the above section as well 


* open Network/Prefs
* In '''IPv4 Configuration''' tab - click Add - enter net0 / active tick / #?.device / Unit 0 / IP Mode = manual (important if default DHCP does not work automatically) 

Make sure that any extra network names (e.g. eth1 or net1) should be deleted. If net0 already st previously, change net0 so that it shows associated with the appropriate device name like atheros5000.device or realtek8180.device. Having two entries here will cause sub-net problems. 

* Go to '''Wireless''' tab and click on &quot;Add&quot; button. 
* Insert network name (SSID your wireless network name use wirelessmanager to get it), select right &quot;encyption&quot; that is most likely &quot;WPA&quot;. 
* Key Type set as &quot;Passphrase&quot;. i.e. type in your password for your router (aka access key). 
* Unselect (no tick) &quot;hidden&quot; if it is selected, then apply. You may have to tick it if wireless does not work. 
* Finally, Save and '''reboot'''. 

For the best chance of success, set networking to start at boot, and then reboot with the USB adapter plugged in. 


====USB Ethernet====

Open SYS:Prefs/Network and in the IPv4 Configuration tag (top table covers your usb stick) 

* click Add button
* set Name as net0
* Tick Active box
* enter the usb-ethernet.device e.g. dm9601eth.device, usbpegasus.device or usbasixeth.device use SYS:c/devlist, '''Scout''' or trident prefs to get the correct spelling 
* set Unit to 0 (which is usual but check the messages from the bottom of the Trident prefs whilst plugging the device in to determine the unit number otherwise) 
* IP Mode is set to Get address from DHCP (make sure your router is set right for that) 
'''or manual'''
* IP Address of network card, i.e. 192.168.0.xx or 192.168.1.xx (xx being greater than 1) 
* Subnet netmask = 255.255.255.0 
* click OK

There can be sometimes be boot failures when using USB ethernet - plug the USB device in after boot and save the network prefs to make it work again. 


Lower part of IPv4 tab covers the router information 

* IP Mode Get address from DHCP 
'''or if manual settings'''
* Gateway (IP Address of router) = usually 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 but see router manual to make sure. 
* first DNS = use 194.168.xx.100 or 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or 212.50.160.100 or 192.168.0.1 (no internet access?) 
* second DNS = use 194.168.xx.100 or 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or 213.249.130.100 


====PPP over RNDIS mobile broadband====


Tethering via your smart phone...

Enable and configure at
Android ---&gt;settings --&gt;&gt;more networks --&gt;&gt;Tethering and portable hotspot

add or name your wifi Network SSID
set Security [WPA2 PSK] and password.

and save..

Goto AROS and add your NetWork SSID and password and save..

reboot AROS, make sure your tethering is enabled from android side than magic you have it running..

Same way how you set your home router but this time from your data or wifi via your smartphone or tablet 


Network Preferences (Prefs) settings 

&lt;pre&gt;
device usbrndis.device
unit 0
IP mode:DHCP
set &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; to OFF
&lt;/pre&gt;

In Icaros,edit s/user-startup and add line 
 addusbclasses &gt; nil:

[[File:AROS Screenshot PPP Mobile Prefs.jpg|thumb|AROS Screenshot PPP Mobile Prefs]]

plug in USB cable, enable USB tethering from phone, and AFTER this start arostcp. 

make sure DHCP is disabled for both DNS/gateway and for the interface. If the DHCP client is running, it will undo some PPP settings when it gives up (after a few minutes or so) 

The advice is different for the new network prefs (Icaros 1.4.1). &quot;Automatic&quot; works for both Ethernet/Wireless and PPP, so you should choose it for PPP now 

[[File:GUI1.jpg|thumb|GUI1]]


====Solving Issues====

[[File:MyArosTCP.png|thumb|Aros network setup diagnostics - why does it not work?]]

* In Network Preferences, have '''only one''' item in the IPv4 Configuration tab 
* If using manual settings, make sure all numbers are correct, especially for IP address of the card/usb (changing the last number in chain of four) 
* For any USB based networking, it is often necessary to save in Prefs/Network, reboot AROS and network support can begin 


* For wired, make sure that the LAN-cable is plugged in before starting the computer 


* If wireless, try getting closer to the router. 
* Switch off the encryption option from your router then try wifi, if successful then your ip/dns is ok. If not then your ip/dns settings are most probably wrong or need to use one or more opendns numbers 
* Replace detachable wireless antenna (best wireless option to buy if you can) with a stronger antenna ie. 5&amp;nbsp;dBi or 7&amp;nbsp;dBi 
* Try with another computer/laptop/machine 

Program Error  C:WirelessManager 

* Test with another OS 
* Check that Wifi works before changeover (if possible) 
* Check that socket and card are working 
* Check if card is too new for laptop (date code on card MMYY blue askey date 2005-2007 etc)   


Are you connecting with the Router ? 

Check with protection off e.g. wps and wep to see if it makes a difference. 


For USB wireless - stopping and starting may be needed...

&lt;pre&gt;

; $VER: AROSTCP-startnet 1.0 (01/08/06)
; AROSTCP-startnet (c) The AROS Dev Team.
;
Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

; stop and restart
execute &quot;sys:system/network/AROSTCP/s/stopnet&quot;

Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: wirelessmanager realtek8180.device

&lt;/pre&gt;


What IRQ number is assigned to the device? You can check with Tools/PCITool? 
It's possible the BIOS hasn't set the right IRQ number. If you have a Linux CD/DVD handy, could you check if it boots with the options &quot;acpi=off noapic nolapic&quot;? 


If the following does nothing, this will help us figure out why networking doesn't start automatically at boot

open a shell and run the following commands:

&lt;pre&gt;
echo ${AROSTCP/AutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice}
&lt;/pre&gt;

Please report the output, typically it will look like this  

# True  (explanation this variable is related to the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; checkbox in network prefs) 
# True  ()
# Devs:networks/atheros5000.device unit 0


If there's a problem with the AROSTCP package. What's the output of this?

 ENV:sys/packages/AROSTCP 

should return a string = Sys:System/Network/AROSTCP


By the way, a quicker way to check networking is working would be to run some shell commands such as:


&lt;pre&gt;
ping www.google.com
ifconfig net0
&lt;/pre&gt;


The best way to list the available networks and diagnose / troubleshoot problems with connecting to a wireless network is to run WirelessManager manually. First uncheck the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; box in the Network prefs app, then save and reboot. Then run this in a shell:

 C:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose 

or 

 C:wirelessmanager realtek8180.device verbose 

and capture the output 


If the above does not help, could you edit the file SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/S/Package-Startup, and change &quot;&gt;NIL:&quot; to &quot;&gt;T:wifi.log&quot; on the WirelessManager line and add this as well Wait 5?

&lt;pre&gt;
if ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun} eq &quot;True&quot;
Run QUIET &quot;C:WirelessManager ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice} &gt;T:wifi.log&quot;
wait 5
EndIf
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then save, reboot and post the log file (T:wifi.log) here.


&lt;pre&gt;

c:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose
Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7)
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'


Then it just sits there. Not sure what a normal dump looks like, I don't see anything that looks wrong in the configuration.
&lt;/pre&gt;

looks like the driver isn't working with that card. Has anyone else successfully used that exact model number (AR2413)?


&lt;pre&gt;

Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7):
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=02c66fd4 ***
Own MAC address: 00:01:36:15:ae:0c
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
Added interface atheros5000.device:0
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Started AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
sana2: sending MLME frame


Then it stops. Does this mean the router is not authorizing this NIC?

IRQ 4 (A)

&lt;/pre&gt;

apparently locking up when the first frame is sent (a scan request).


&lt;pre&gt;

Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
Initializing interface 'Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=12):
41 69 72 4c 69 6e 6b 35 39 33 30 30 AirLink59300
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=8): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='AirLink59300'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=0224e444 ***
Own MAC address: 00:1f:e1:42:e3:7a
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160000
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.060000
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686604.060000
Added interface Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
[eloop_run] Starting
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Starting AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160001
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.233000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.373000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.513000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.553000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.693000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.013000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.073000
EAPOL: disable timer tick
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
MLME: scan channel 14 (2484 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.113000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.153000
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.213000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.353000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.493000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.533000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.673000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.993000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.073000
MLME: scan completed

&lt;/pre&gt;

Is your network hidden? If so, did you enable the 'Hidden' checkbox in the network prefs? What distro version are you using? 


&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;ENV:sys/wireless.prefs&quot; looks like this:
network={
ssid=&quot;testadhoc&quot;
key_mgmt=NONE
wep_key0=&quot;12345&quot;
wep_tx_keyidx=0
}
&lt;/pre&gt; 


If your router doesn't broadcast its SSID (hidden), you need to add this option to the network block of the wpa_supplicant.conf on your aros machine and make changes after  # Example blocks: 

 scan_ssid=1

Here's a full description of all the [http://hostap.epitest.fi/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=hostap.git;a=blob_plain;f=wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf config file options]. 

&lt;pre&gt;
ap_scan=1

network={
ssid=&quot;YOURESSID&quot;
scan_ssid=1
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=YOURPASSWORD
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
filter_ssids=1
ap_scan=2

network={
ssid=&quot;REMOVED&quot;
scan_ssid=1
bssid=REMOVED
priority=100
mode=0
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
auth_alg=OPEN
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=REMOVED
}
&lt;/pre&gt;


Error 6: Couldn't resolve host name.

Check Scout -&gt; Devices and look at the device that you are using, in the OCnt column it should state 2 which means AROSTCP and Wirelessmanager are both accessing this driver. If 0 or 1, then uncheck the checkbox in Network prefs for starting networking at boot, save and reboot. Then run this is the shell:

C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0


some quirks setting up the wireless network as well 

1) it's far better setting up either the wired OR the wireless network adapter as net0:, or weird things happen

2) it's better using fixed IP on the local network instead of DHCP

3) network setting must be placed in network setting panel in /prefs, using the wirelessmanager helped me finding available SSIDs, but not actually connecting to them

once done, reboot.


If previous setup is proving problematic 

&lt;pre &gt;

SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Wireless.prefs
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/OWB.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/global.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/WirelessDevice
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/db/Interfaces
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Make a copy of these files and restore in case of problems. 


Please try this test to check if you can connect to your router, ie established that the WiFi layer is working 

̊̊̊̊Boot with networking disabled, by make sure that &quot;Start networking at boot&quot; in Network Prefs is unchecked (no tick).  
̊ Run this in a shell: C:WirelessManager atheros5000.device VERBOSE
̊If the output of that command is too long to summarise here, you can redirect it to a file by adding &gt;RAM:wifi.log to the end, then attach or paste that file here.


try running &quot;status&quot; in the shell and check that AROSTCP is listed/running
If AROStcp is not showing, then AROSTCP is not running. attempted to start it by clicking Use or Save in network prefs, or checking the &quot;start networking at boot&quot; box or typing into a shell. 

 Execute SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/s/startnet

(run Status again afterwards).


The &quot;cannot resolve hostname&quot; will appear if you are blocked on the wifi network by the router as well as aros not being able to assign correct network address.

One way of testing this might be to disable the firewall in the router. you might also check the router how it sees the attempts aros do to speak to it. The easiest way to do that would be to manually give aros an IP number in the routers accepted range. and see if it shows up at all within the router.


Tests that can be undertaken to determine correct settings and functions 

&lt;pre &gt;
 ping &lt;router-address&gt; e.g. 192.168.0.1 (aka inet) or 80.237.146.33 (www.amiganews.de) 
 ifconfig net0
 ifconfig net0 up
 extras:networking/utils/sanautil/sanautil -d atheros5000.device status
 WirelessManager atheros5000.device verbose &gt;RAM:wifi.log
 ;to send the log to RAM disk to be read easier or if detected, 
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device &gt;NIL:
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device ssid=&quot;mynet1&quot; &gt;NIL: 
 C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Please look at the task list in Scout, and check if WirelessManager and AROSTCP are running. Also look at the device list in Scout to check if realtek8180.device is open. 


start tools/debug/sashimi, maybe it shows some debug messages when disconnection happens.


Firstly, let's take a look at what your setup most likely looks like, assuming you use a router. See diagram below: 

&lt;pre&gt;
Internet &lt;---------&gt; home router &lt;---------&gt; computer 
-----------external IP------------------internal IP-------------
&lt;/pre&gt;

Okay, so what am I trying to show you with that diagram. A few things. Firstly, the IP address that connects you to the Internet is not the same one that connects you to your router. What happens is that your computer doesn't have a direct connection to the Internet, instead your router connects to the Internet, and your computer connects to the router.

You can see the external and internal IP addresses in these example settings...

* Default Gateway : 76.91.64.1 (external IP for ISP/Internet host)
* IP Address : 76.91.71.184 (external IP for home router)

* IP Address : 192.168.0.1 (internal IP for home router)
* Address = 192.168.0.161 (internal IP for computer)

As you can see, there are two internal IP addresses and two external IP addresses. This is because there is a client/server relationship, effectively one address is for the service (server) and one address is for the device trying to access that service (client).

The server addresses in your case are 76.91.64.1 (your ISP's address, serving the Internet), and 192.168.0.1 (your home router's address, serving your home network). The term gateway applies here, they are your gateway to those services.

Subnet masks are used along with IP addresses to determine which IP addresses are allowed access to a network. I did learn the more in-depth rules about subnet masks once (watched a CCNA vid), but I've forgotten about it. The basic level of understanding you'll need is easy to remember though. A subnet mask value of 255 means that portion of the IP address must stay constant, whereas a subnet value of 0 means any unassigned value up to 255 is allowed in the IP address.

By far the most common subnet value is 255.255.255.0. What this means is that the first three parts of the IP address you use to connect to a service must stay the same as the server/gateway address, and only the last section can change.

So if your router's internal IP address is 192.168.0.1, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, the only addresses that will be allowed to be used on that network are between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.255 (I think 192.168.0.0 is reserved for other uses).

Final point to make is about DHCP (a.k.a. dynamic IP) vs static IP. A server/router using DHCP gives a device that connects to it an address within the acceptable range. It usually starts with the lowest numbered free address, so with your router it'll give the first device that connects to it 192.168.0.2, the next device 192.168.0.3, and so on. Static IP addresses are where you set the IP address you want to connect with in advance. 

When using static IP addresses on a router where DHCP is active, it's good to use a high number to avoid conflicts with other devices that are connected to your network, to reduce the risk that both devices will try using the same IP. That's why your current choice of 192.168.0.161 is good, unless you have over 159 devices connected on your current network!


Okay, so what's the next step. Well, if you can use ping, I'd suggest pinging 192.168.0.1. If you get a positive response it means you're connected to your router, if you don't get a response it means the connection between your router and your computer is at fault.

Documentation on configuring the AROSTCP environment further can be found [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/User/Networking here] 


===Printing===

print from my AROS box!
&lt;pre&gt;
1. installed printfile ( http://www.lerup.com/printfile/ ) on my Windows XP computer
2. set up the print spooler option, and used ghoscript filter for ps files
3. made the spool folder accessible from ftp (setting up ftp server on Windows)
4. send the ps file from my AROS box to the ftp server using curl (curl -T filename ftp://windows.box.adress --user username:password)
&lt;/pre&gt;
It's a bit complicated but it works!


*Postscript

Best to set Printer Prefs in the Prefs drawer to print-to-file or parallel/USB port 


Save document in postscript or convert picture/text to postscript 

Print using compatible [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/AROS_USB_support#printer.class_-_PostScript_3_and_internal_ghostscript_drivers Ghostscript printer] or Postscript printer 


*GutenPrint

Some work has been done 

;There are no individual drivers yet for HP's Photosmart, EPSON's EPL, CANON's, Lexmark, CUPS PPD, etc 


===Files===

====File endings and datatypes====

* Check if the file has his own .info icon file with a tool set to open it. IIRC this has higher priority over the def_XYZ.info file association. 
* In ENVARC:SYS/def_Text.info or whatever def_ file needs changing, use Wanderer's menu Icon -&gt; Information and change the def_XYZ.info there. If you're on ABIv0 and want it to be applied immediately, you might have to copy it to ENV:SYS/ (or to reboot). 
* Identifying file types by file ending is only a fallback. Far better it is to search for magic words, for flac files this would be &quot;flaC&quot; according to this [http://flac.sourceforge.net/documentation_format_overview.html documentation]. 

For instance, to open PDFs with arospdf not localised in the default drawer of Icaros (Work:Extras/Applications/arospdf) but localised in a custom drawer in AROS. The default tools are defined in the icons in sys:prefs/env-archive/sys e.g. def_PDF. 


File type identification is done by datatype descriptors which you can find in Devs/Datatypes. The AROS build system has a tool which creates such datatype descriptors. 


'''Changing of default tools of existing icons is easy as shown above. Adding of new file types is not hard, but needs knowledge of the AROS build system.'''


The enduser way would be to download the attached file, which contained two executables:
1) createdtdesc, to make a new datatype description
2) examinedtdesc, to read/show existing datatype descriptions

use 2 to get an idea on how it things are currently done in aros by providing this executable a file from the drawer sys:devs/datatypes/ (alternatively you can find the original .dtd files here).

use 1 to make your new datatype. Use the accompanied FORMAT file (also here) to read how to make your own datatype descriptor. use 2 to get hints from other datatype descriptors.

Note:
When creating a new descriptor would advise against using the pattern property, but instead use the default pattern of #? and create a Mask that matches your filetype. This requires some research in order to discover how your filetype can be recognized properly. Of course with making something like a descriptor for an ascii textfile, you would fallback to using the pattern (e.g. #?.text as the filetype cannot be determined easily otherwise). 

&lt;pre &gt;
# name - choose wisely and informative. also used for icon's name.
# version - choose as you like as long as it complies with version rules
# basename - the 'root' datatype class. be aware that e.g. it can influence behaviour. for example when choosing binary and using tool multiview in project icon, the file will be viewed as binary file (choosing sound would tell mulitview to view the file as a soundfile). So this can influence the underlying tool being used. Could become messy if users started to modify the tool manually. 
# pattern - This is the file pattern match e.g. #?.text
# Mask - A mask to identify the file. Requires knowledge of the actual file structure. For example 'M' 'Z' for an msdos executable.
# GroupdID - not supported (AROS native) files - use syst as that would be the least intrusive in case an AROS tool/program tries to load such datatyped file.
# ID - In your case, the first four characters of the name at subchapter 1 (in lower case) (or less if name is shorter).
# flags - How the mask needs to be interpreted. In your case would be mostly DTF_BINARY in combination with (wanted or not) DTF_CASE (to tell if mask used letters are case sensitive or not)
# priority - the priority of how the type is handled so that on datatype could have precedence over another? In any case, document tells it to be mostly 0. 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Now that you know each field and what it does (more or less), you write this fields in a text file for your own invented datatype, save it and create the actual dt with the tool in 1. in the end the created dt must reside in sys:devs/datatypes/ drawer.

Then you would create a default icon in sys:prefs/Env-archive/SYS drawer. Don't forget to reboot or copy .info file to ram:env/sys in order to test. also don't forget to set which tool to start f.e. c:lx or dh4:emulators/mycoolemulator

To test, open Wanderer then show all files and doubleclick on a file of type you just created. Alternatively you could use the 'open' command from shell (with file of datatype you just created as parameter).

And as a last note. it would perhaps be welcome to have a program like xicon and/or runprglist for AROS (unfortunately both without source, but something similar could be created for AROS).

Sounds complicated ?

Perhaps... but OS like windows needs a complete registry to be able to do things like this. And yes, i am aware windows has gui tools that does it (more or less) for you (by manipulating the registry). Same could be done for AROS (without integrating a registry in AROS that is ).

Would that suffice ?

red1+2: typos, reformatting.

disclaimer: please note that using these tools can screw up your currently installed support for datatypes when used incorrectly. Do not use if you do not understand what you are doing. Use at own risk.


====File Sharing====

As AROS knows only a few filesystems (FFS, OFS, SFS, PFS (amiga only), FAT12, 16, 32, Microsoft NTFS (windows), UDF (Blu-ray)). The remaining ones in regular use like MacOSX hfs+, Linux ext2/ext3 and ext4, Haiku BeFS provide a problem in transferring files between each other. 

Linux can access SFS partitions but it needs to be compiled. The latest full source are [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ here]. It compiled fine with a 2.6.30 kernel in Puppy Linux 4.31. 

An alternative, is to use a FAT32 partition. AROS could be installed on to a 4GB USB-key, with 512MB FAT32 partition for sharing, and the rest SFS. It works very well. 

An hosted Linux or Windows install relieves some of the problems. 

Files could be transferred [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&amp;topic_id=2915&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=ASC Sending] via TCP network. 


=====SMBFS=====

e.g. to connect to a NAS share such as \\NASBOX\Shared use -:

SMBFS WORKGROUP=&lt;YOUR WORKGROUP NAME&gt; VOLUME=&lt;AROS volume name to use&gt;: SERVICE=&lt;UNC Path to connect to&gt;

SMBFS WORKGROUP=MYNET VOLUME=Shared: SERVICE=//NASBOX/Shared

And you will then have an icon appear on your desktop for the volume name you have chosen. 


You can put the above script into wbstartup or  

give it an icon, change it to a 'project' and give it the default tool c:iconx 

Open a shell and type copy sys:script.info &quot;sys:wbstartup/YOURSCRIPTNAME.info&quot;

This should create an icon for your script file.

Now right-click on your script and select 'information'.

Change 'tool' to 'project', put 'c:iconx' into the 'default tool' box, click save 

The reason being that scripts need to be opened with 'execute SCRIPTNAME' (or 'iconx') whereas the programs started from wbstartup are opened using 'run PROGRAMNAME'. It's the same as trying to start a command-line tool from the workbench by double-clicking it.


====Setup ISO images within AROS====

Use [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/storage DiskImage] which supports many cd image formats ISO, CCD, MDF/MDS, CUE/BIN, NRG and UIF. To mount CD or DVD images use below....

&lt;pre &gt;
# Rename your iso 'Unit0' (note no extension).
# Do 'View/All files' on you Aros partition. You should now see a folder called 'Diskimages'. Copy your renamed iso to there. 
(Alternatively, you could type at the shell 'assign FDSK: xxx', where xxx is the location of your iso.) 
# From the shell, type 'mount CD0:' and the iso should appear on the Wanderer desktop. You can now access it like a real disk.
&lt;/pre &gt; 

If you are using an IcAros install, the startup scripts are set up to wipe the Diskimages directory on boot, so its worth keeping a second copy of the iso somewhere else. Alternatively, you could set up extra mountlists for additional iso images. I've made a file called iso1 in the Aros:devs directory that contains the following text:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Entry for ISO image */

ISO1:
FileSystem = cdrom.handler
Device = fdsk.device
Unit = 1
LowCyl = 0
HighCyl = 0
Surfaces = 1
BlocksPerTrack = 1
DOSType = 0x41434400
Activate = 1
#
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then I just need an iso called 'Unit1' (corresponding to the 'Unit = 1' entry in the mountlist) in Diskimages (or wherever I assign FDSK: to) and to mount I type in at the shell:

 Mount iso1: from devs:iso1

Of course, if you create mountlists for ISO2, ISO3:, etc. (with the corresponding change to the 'Unit = ' line) you can have as many isos mounted as you wish. I just call mine ISO1: etc. to distinguish them from the real CD drives.


==Bounties==

To help inspire developers with both ideas and monetary incentives, rewards are offered for the successful completion of &quot;bounties&quot; (requests for missing/new functionality) chosen by the community and handled by [http://power2people.org power2people] (formerly done by TeamAROS). A monthly option is [http://www.power2people.org/funds/aros/ here].


==Video Guides==


Video demonstrations and tutorials covering:

:00. '''Introduction''' 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1RsvEm7UrU Why an Amiga OS in 2011], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx_zqlBow40&amp;feature=related Gource view of AROS], 

:01. '''Installation'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k2PEmT8I14 Broadway AROS Install], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyQVeyXIywc&amp;feature=channel iMica Silent Pt3], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2AnkoflY14 Wipe whole drive and Install - warning loss of data on drive], [http://vimeo.com/11013489 Modify Grub boot], 

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVXm6_-witQ VirtualBox install], [ VMware install], 

::[http://www.vimeo.com/10491104 HDAudio install], [ driver install], 

:02. '''Amiga Basics'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TY8mWxwzH5o Screens tutorial], 
::[ Dos Scripts tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPT7SmVEpjc OS 1.2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kX3FqH8Ww&amp;feature=related OS 1.3], [https://m.youtube.com/user/AMIGASYSTEM/videos General]

:03. '''Customisation demos'''
::[ Prefs tutorial], [ Decoration tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dn5C8G3aDXU Scalos], 

:04. '''Setting up''' internet access and surfing the web, FTP, IRC and Mail apps 
::[ Network Prefs], [ AirCOS tutorial], [ jabberwocky tutorial], 

:05. '''Native bundled Games and Applications''' 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nKduDjf14k Oct 2010], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYlFv2B-VXc 3D Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXK7wwhd-R0 Latest Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUgiVThv23Q&amp;feature=mfu_in_order&amp;list=UL PrBoom GL], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0s7u8TPy7V4 Assault Cubes], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fih6aCXKeqs Cube 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X0ay0MGOms DosBox on Aros], 

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FziV2z_uxnQ Apps Pt 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs37_nfa5CI Apps Pt 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn59_VvbQR0&amp;feature=related Apps Pt 3], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk-ZNLfJsvQ pt 1, jan. 2008], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWRy33g1R7Y pt 2, feb. 2009], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5PbhCtm4vE pt 3, feb. 2010], 
::Milkytracker [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxBOEPzpdKg&amp;feature=related Laying Down Base Tracks], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2uKQ0-ieOE Audio Evolution 4 in action], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq4r9k0_jZI Quick Videos], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGKCFZcIc0I&amp;feature=related ScreenRecorder], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=974c2e-Fqak&amp;feature=related TV out Tests], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjq8ct5d5IY AmiFIG], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0rHvPhYJo4&amp;feature=youtu.be ZuneFIG], 
::[http://wiki.povray.org/content/Documentation:Tutorial_Section_1 POVray Tutorial 1], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSRybWjrrME DOpus 4], 

:06. '''Commercial software available'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKXY9B4R43s AntiryadGX 3D Game Editor], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMS9NDzwm5U BOH indie Game], 

:07. '''Running classic amiga apps and games''' 
::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2008/11/introducing-amibridge.html Intro Amibridge], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Old Amiga Apps], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Why Janus UAE is good], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhlsNSYSuDg DPaint tutorial]

::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2009/11/can-icaros-play-my-amiga-games-and-why.html Play Amiga Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTaZCNOvCnE ], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMehS77LXQ4 Pagestream Introduction], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=284-w3hTzII Pagestream Tutorial 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlwEGwhZzl4 Pagestream Tutorial 2], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIcrIjPOctc Catweasel Mk4 PCI Part 1] and [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaitHeL6bEA Part 2], 

:08. '''Misc and History'''

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6mDXKU29w0 Mum uses old AmigaOS Workbench 1.1 (1986)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaRkacQ-YMg Why an Amiga 500 (1987)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5CYsgVCzYY an Amiga 2000 (1987)], 

:09. '''Misc Shows and Events'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klgVSWKs4kE VCF 2010], 


===History===

The project was originally started by a small group of Amiga [http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/aros.html enthusiasts] in 1995. These individuals were mainly computer-based college university students at the start, though that student trend has diminished since. An interview with Aaron Digulla [http://arosshow.blogspot.com/2006/12/interview-with-aaron-digulla-who.html here] 


* Much of the early years was concerned with exec, dos and intuition libraries. 
* Early 1999, Haage &amp; Partner used parts of the code in AmigaOS 3.9. 
* March 2001, floppy disk images of AROS became available. 
* Early 2002, AROS changed its name from Amiga Replacement Operating System to Amiga Research Operating System 
* June 2002, AROS devs decided to use Zune (MUI 3.8 rewrite) as the GUI system. 
* November 2002, Eric Schwartz drew Kitty for AROS usage. 
* Early 2003, AROS.org underwent a graphics facelift. 
* Late 2003, GCC C compiler arrived. 
* Early 2004, Aros-Exec opened. 
* Early 2005, Aros Max bootable CD arrived. 
* Late 2005, SFS filesystem ported and allowed fast access to apps and network support arrived 
* Early 2007, AROS.org underwent another graphics facelift. 
* Mid 2007, AROS changed to AROS Research Operating System after A.Inc. sued Hyperion with a trademark violation. 
* Late 2007, the hard disk installer added and VmwAROS (later called Icaros Desktop) distro launched. 
* Early 2009, Our first usable web browser (OWB)
* September 2010, first wireless support appears and AspireOS started as a distro 
* Early 2012, the first paper-cut bugfix and Fab's Odyssey Web Browser ported 
* Early 2014, backport of most features of ABIv1 into mainstream everyday use (Icaros 2.0 and above) 
* 2015 work started on using the extra cores of the PI 2 
* Early 2017, work started on utilising the addition cores on modern CPUs starting with the 64bit x86 version  
* Mid 2017, m68k port optimized for the Vampire 2 / Apollo accelerators (68080 AMMX FPGA) 
* 2018 The old AROS Exec website closed and a new one opened 
* 2019 AROS One distribution started and now with USB install version 
* Early 2021, backport of more features of ABIv1 into mainstream everyday ABIv0 (Aros One 1.5 and above) 
* 2022 


Future goals for AROS include expanding its underlying retargetability to support even more diverse architectures, provide memory protection features and user level file security, SMP and many other wonderful features missing from AmigaOS &amp;mdash; while still providing as much source level compatibility as is possible (however it is accepted that to achieve some goals code certain things may require a little recoding).

*sata ahci
*later ati amd radeon 2d 3d
*usb3 
*youtube playback
*x64 


[http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/contributors Developers] come and go as with any open source effort and we would like to thank them for their efforts... 

;1996-2000:In DigullaA (coordinator), GripJ, TempletonI (BSD), SchulzM, RittauS, voordenDagL, HolmM, JohanssonT, VanIngelgomH, SteigerwaldM, BortasP, deJongK, AlfredssonJ, InnocentiB, 

;2001-2005:In [http://chodorowski.com/adam/aros.html ChodorowskiA], StegerG, BergerS, HeutlingS, AlemagnaF (gcc), VerhaegenS (rexx), KielH, MatheussenKS (CAMD), SzczygielskiP, ErikssonP, LeCorfecD (Zune), BauerS (Zune), FurlongW, GustafssonJ, AndrewsN, CafferkeyN, GierichM (jpeg), PattonJ, ParsonsM, DietrichJ, SeilerT, BischoffL, LorentzenNH, AdamO, BerglundH, SmithP, HolmenD, BlomM, 

;2006-2010:In FedinP, RusslerM, SzymczykS (owb), SmiechowiczK (openGL), WeissM, NorrisR, BrunnerO, WiszkowskiT, GreppinA, [http://www.fukt.bsnet.se/~bearsoft/ Bearsoft Björn Screwelius], ErbY, CharletF, HodgesC, [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4819&amp;forum=18&amp;post_id=43103#forumpost43103 HokstadV], McMullanJ (m68k), WilenT (m68k), 

;2011- :In MuijzenbergPHvanden, ALB42, JonesEM, weiju, DizzyofCRN, wawa, miker, 


* 1996 - The linux hosted version for i386 was the first to arrive 
* 1998 - i386, The native version for i386-based PC AT computers and compatibles.
* 2004 - x86/64, The native version for 64-bit (x86_64, amd64) PC computers.
* 2008 - sam440/ppc, The native version for Sam440EP, Sam440EP Flex and Sam460ex computers.
* 2009 - efika, The native version for PowerPC Efika computers.
* 2010 - m68k, The native version for m68k Amigas or WinUAE
* 2013 - raspi/armfh, early native version for ARMv6 based Raspberry Pi computers.


AROS is designed to run on various hardware platforms, below are the currently supported systems 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Platform
! Native
! Hosted
! 
! Opinion
|-
| [[Aros/Platforms/x86 support|Intel AMD 32bit and 64bit]]
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly.php Native]
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Linux], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots.php FreeBSD 5], 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Windows mingw], 
| 
| Use the ArosOne, Icaros or AspireOS distributions 
|-
| [[Aros/Platforms/x86 support|Intel AMD 64bit]] 
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Native]
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Linux], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php darwin MacOSX], 
| 
| No distribution but untested nightly build version available 
|-
| Motorola [http://www.natami.net/knowledge.php?b=2&amp;note=25408&amp;x=0&amp;z=jEIaiq 68k]
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php native m68k] 
| [http://wiki.aranym.org/afs/setup_linux Aranym Debian], [http://www.gitorious.org/qemu-m68k QEmu m68k], [http://www.winuae.net/ WinUAE], or any UAE version, 
| 
| working native build available 
|-
| [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/Installing_on_Android] ARMv6 ArmV7 rev 2 
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php Raspberry Pi armhf le and be nightly build experimental], 
| [http://www.aeros-os.org/styled-11/index.html Public arm build hosted on raspian], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots1.php Arm Linux and Android armhf hosted], 
| 
| Hosted version for Linux available on [http://www.genesi-usa.com/products/smartbook USA Efika MX Smartbook] or [http://www.genesi-europe.com/store/eu/ Euro Efika MX Products], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COUrcZat6oc RPi] and others 
|-
| Android  
| none
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots1.php armv6 32bit], [ i386], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php arm 64bit]
| 
| 
|-
| PowerPC PPC
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots1.php Efika 5200B chrp], [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.php Sam 440EP 460ex], 
| [http://aros.sourceforge.net/snapshots1.php Linux], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/nightly1.php PPC MacOSX], 
| 
| Untested nightly build versions available 
|-
| iOS hosted  
| none
| none
| none
| 
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|}


AROS is open source so basically everyone can take part. The source is public and there are daily new commits and so based on these commits AROS is automatically compiled daily, result are the nightly builds which you can [http://www.aros.org see and download].  


* The [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php nightly builds] or [http://aros.sourceforge.net/downloads/ same builds here] are made automatically every night directly from the SVN (Subversion) tree and contain the latest code for the AROS operating system. However, they have not been tested in any way and can be horrible broken. Most of the time though, they work fine but with a reduced number of applications i.e. no web browser or multimedia player. 

The nightly builds NB are only used for testing changes, testing software and the starting point for distribution maintainers or even your own distribution. They are very basic, miss some functionality and apps and are not suited for end users. 

There are two standards ABIv0 (old) and ABIv1 (newest). 
*ABIv1 nightly builds (except 32bit x86 nightly and most user distributions) where the most work done by developers 
*ABIv0 is needed for 32bit (runs on 64bit) x86 distributions until the dedicated 64bit ABIv1 PC build is ready for users 


switch to one of these modes, or in fact something as simple as 1024x768@60Hz using the Intel Driver then the screen corrupts on the next system boot (As a reboot is needed after saving the settings)
AROS -&gt; prefs -&gt; Env-Archive
and look for screenmode.prefs file. Just delete it.


SysExplorer should hopefully show the correct information for devices, SysMon should hopefully show the correct task info and cpu load. Some virtual machines will result in some info not working (e.g. the CPU frequency in SysMon).

Also make sure the machine restarts correctly using the menu options, and if you have it running Native please check if the power button shuts down the machine when you briefly press it (as opposed to having to hold it for 10secs).

You may also want to see if USB is working if it didn't before, have experienced issues so far on the SMP build when writing to USB or copying files (so don't use something with files you don't want to lose ... better safe than sorry)


Debugging capture serial debug at all (especially with sysdebug=all or --sysdebug=all) to see it displayed on screen 

* yes, usb -&gt; rs232 adapters can work most of the time, some of the cheapest ones are not fully compatible with all rs232 devices to capture to another device 
* you will need a null modem cable (or a null modem adapter usually female to female) in addition to the usb -&gt; rs232 adapter (usb adapter is a normal modem ie. the pins are not crossed over) 

Normal modem cable - straight connection DCE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 2  RXD
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 3  TXD 
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5  GND
&lt;/pre&gt;

Null modem cable connections DTE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 3
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 2
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
(9pole SUB-D)


&lt;pre&gt;
serial  ser: (amiga/aros)  tty2 tty1USB0 (linux)  COM1 (windows)  (depends on the os being used) 
speed baud transfer rate 9600 38400     lower baud might be more successful 
data bits 8
stop bits 1
parity none
handshaking flow control - none xon/xoff (most likely)  rts/cts  dsr/dtr (pins not connected so should not work) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Additional solutions can be found [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=3588&amp;forum=24&amp;post_id=34619#forumpost34619 here].


*You cannot use compiled aros X86-64 bit software (when ready) on aros X86 32bit. PPC compiled software on X86 and so on. 
*68k is tested with the UAE emulator (WinUAE) but some tests are done on native 68000 based Amigas and others. 
*PPC support is very limited to certain devices. 


If you use the WBStartup, you have to delete the other icons in the folder (readme etc..) and you have to add in the Icon Tooltype the parameter DONOTWAIT

If you use user-startup instead, you need to add the attached command &quot;after assignment to LUA&quot;
C:WBRun DH1:Extras/Utility/WeatherBar/WeatherBar &gt;NIL:
Change the command to match your WeatherBar path.

&lt;pre&gt;
PATH sys:Utilities/WeatherBar ADD
run &gt;nil: lua:amilua weatherforecast.lua
&lt;/pre&gt;

To enter data your Country or City, ist with city_id numbers can be found [http://bulk.openweathermap.org/sample/city.list.json.gz here] or you need to go to [https://www.bbc.com/weather BBC Weather], once you type the name of your city or town in the appropriate tab, and give a enter, the 7 numbers to be added in the &quot;WeatherBar&quot; will appear on the Browser address bar next to the link


AROS 64 bit 
&lt;pre&gt;
hosted installation installation scripts now fixed and enhanced - some parts still disabled
Linux host support  Done
Win host support    No AROS x86-64 hosted for Win64 available ATM
AROS system	hosted  Icaros 64 boots to desktop on hosted Linux

native boot works with DVD media only. Booting from HD doesn't work
native installation	for AROS 64 does not boot from hard drive natively.
shell scripts need to be reviewed for missing components

video drivers    VESA and VMWARE drivers working, other still untested
3d drivers	     untested
AHI and audio	 some work done, drivers must be adapted to 64bit structures
USB	             untested
networking	     working under VMware, and working under Linux hosted
fonts            working ok

wanderer		Works, but AROS crashes when resizing workbench windows
ScalOS          possible replacement for Magellan, but crashing hard ATM
Magellan		missing 64bit executable

OWB	            missing 64bit executable
MPlayer	        missing 64bit executable
DOpus 4	        does not work at the moment, mandatory library missing at startup
ZuneView		missing 64bit executable
ZunePaint		missing 64bit executable
ZuneARC	        missing 64bit executable
ArosPDF         working but crashes when invoked from project icons as default tool
Janus-UAE		missing 64bit executable
AmiStart		missing 64bit executable
FryingPan		executable exists, needs testing 

Shell	shell-startup		yet to be adapted
C: commands		AROS base C: commands work
C: commands		most 3rd party shell utilities missing for 64bit
C: commands		icaros-mandatory utilities in C still being ported
developer/bin	mostly working
aminet/misc		mostly crashing
developer tools not working, native 64bit gcc can't produce executables, AROS chain needed
Hollywood libs/plug		missing 64bit executable which will only come when 64bit stable 
&lt;/pre&gt;

using [https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/p/64-bit.html IcarosDesktop x86-64] derived from ABIv1, use x86-64 for compiling and testing code intended to be backported to x86 eventually. Only after it is completely stable. 


{{status|50%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2mewtv4ra5vpsj7855f6hw68xdzvdeu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/Developer/Docs</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13107</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088404</id>
      <parentid>4088174</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:01:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="145316" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

==A technical overview of AROS==

Google translation [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Polish],
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Portuguese]

{{Uncited}}

AROS,&lt;ref&gt;[http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php References and sources]&lt;/ref&gt; like AmigaOS (TM), is a [[w:Message passing|message-passing]], [[w:Preemption (computing)|preemptive]] [[w:Multitasking|multitasking]] [[w:Operating system|OS]].

It uses [[w:Reentrant (subroutine)|re-entrant]] shared libraries to save memory space.

AROS is based around an executive library kernel (Exec) and two other libraries:

* Exec (the &quot;kernel&quot;, which is not a kernel in the modern sense), 
* Intuition (graphics and GUI, integrated into the system) and 
* AmigaDOS (Disk Operating System, the Metacomco's Tripos modified to work with Exec).

The design philosophies of AmigaDOS and Intuition are rather different, the former adopting a C-like API and the latter creating an [http://www.basden.demon.co.uk/amiga/amiga.oo.html object-oriented], message passing aware environment for the programmer. The system base is the only absolute address in AmigaOS (located at 0x00000004) - everything else is dynamically loaded. The OS is well known for delivering high performance due to its close connections with the hardware, while simultaneously having the flexibility to support re-targetable graphics (Cybergraphics) and retargetable audio subsystems (AHI).

: Diagram showing relationships of libraries to system needed


Remember, AROS is a [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/ABIv1 research] operating system, and while all contributions to the base AROS code are welcome, please bear this in mind and contact the dev list first. 
Writing applications for AROS does not have this limitation.

While AROS appears and feels almost feature complete, it is still [[Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs|missing a small number of functions]] from the Amiga API - as well as implementations of [[Aros/MissingFunctionaility|core functionality]]. There are also a number of user applications that, while not strictly part of the AmigaOS 3.1 environment, need to be written.

The current detailed status of AROS completion can be monitored on aros.org's
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/introduction/status/everything.php Status of AROS implementation] page. Developer activities can be monitored at [http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros ohloh]


If you want to port software there are essentially two supported method: either you compile directly under AROS, which can be running on either real hardware, virtual hardware or in hosted mode under linux/window or you cross-compile from linux.

It all depends on whether you want to work on system itself or be a developer who writes/compiles app software for AROS 

the repository for the current development version ABIv1 is located [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS here], the repository for current stable version ABIv0 with backported ABIv1 is located [https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/tree/alt-abiv0 here where on which AROS One and Icaros are based]

Further documentation is available [http://www.aros.org/documentation/developers/index.php here]

Any issues or questions can be asked [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues here] or [https://arosdevteam.slack.com/archives/CUFV48U3H slack here], Everyone is over on [https://discord.gg/UKp9qdEBuQ
 Discord@AmigaDev], also the AROSExec discord server is available


==Software Development for AROS==

===Programming languages===

Apart from 'The Developer Environment', which primarily supports C/C++ code, there are other programming languages available for AROS:

'''Scripting''' 
:[[Aros/User/DOS|DOS]], included in all
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/LUA|LUA]], included in all or [http://www.airsoftsoftwair.de/en/prod_hollywood.html Hollywood]
:REXX [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx|Regina (AROS' ARexx)]], included in all
:Python [ Info], included in Icaros 
:Ruby [http://www.ruby-lang.org/en Info]/[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language download]

[http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4501&amp;forum=1&amp;post_id=39537#forumpost39537 '''Basic''']

:[http://amos.pspuae.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html '''Amos Pro'''] [http://amos.pspuae.com/index.php?action=forum#1 compatible] [http://www.amigacoding.com/index.php/Main_Page commands] (all incomplete) 
::[http://sourceforge.net/projects/xamos/ X-Amos] [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7206&amp;forum=4&amp;post_id=72567#forumpost72567 Discussion List]
::[http://sdlbasic.sourceforge.net/ SDLBasic] ([http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language download])
::[http://alvyn.sourceforge.net/ Alvyn] ([http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/MISC.14.html download]) 
::[[Aros/Developer/Basic/Basic4SDL|Basic4SDL]] ([http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language download])
::[http://www.ultimateamiga.co.uk/index.php?topic=9425.0 Project Deimos] [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=6559&amp;forum=18&amp;post_id=62356#forumpost62356 ]

:'''Blitz Basic''' [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=46537#forumpost46537 none on AROS] 
:: [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=6521&amp;forum=4&amp;post_id=61876#forumpost61876 Monkey] 
:: [http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz] on JanusUAE amiga(TM) emulator

:'''Amiga Basic'''
:: [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=53371#forumpost53371 ACEBasic]

'''Misc''' 
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/E|AmigaE Portable E]]
:[http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&amp;topic_id=5975&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=ASC&amp;type=&amp;mode=0 FreePascal FPC Aros-Exec thread], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Download], [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=6169&amp;forum=4&amp;post_id=58261#forumpost58261 LCL], FreePascal for AROS has its own [http://fpcaroswiki.alb42.de/ Wikibook]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/LLVM|LLVM]], 
:[http://agnosent.com/wolfcms/open-source/sge2d sge2d], [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=53327#forumpost53327 Download] 2D Game Engine SDL


===Where to get the C/C++ Environment===

If you want to develop for AROS, its generally easier to be running linux hosted AROS development environment especially for C++, cross compiling the code. That's how most developers are doing it. g++ is used to compile owb web browser as well as some other AROS software. If you were hoping for a rich set of C++ libraries or classes defined for the OS feature set, you might be disappointed.

AROS Native compiling is possible, but you're much more likely to run into the odd bug(s) in the dev environment since it gets little testing and fixing by other developers.

Is there a sftp software or scp over ssh available?
Nope. There isn't. Would be easier if at least the security part would be handled, porting [https://github.com/jens-maus/amissl amissl]


====Cross compilers from other OSs====

you want to build AROS. No problem.

Here are instructions for 64-bit:
https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/blob/master/INSTALL.md

Here are instructions for 32-bit:
https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/blob/alt-abiv0/INSTALL.md


'''[https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=640.0 32-bit Linux hosted AROS and compiling AROS apps for Linux]''' which runs without problems on 64-bit linux distributions and all currently available software will run on it as well 

Please install these packages before moving to next step. Below is a reference list for Debian-based distributions. Reference build system is Ubuntu 18.04/20.04 amd64.

subversion git-core gcc g++ make gawk bison flex bzip2 netpbm autoconf automake libx11-dev libxext-dev libc6-dev liblzo2-dev libxxf86vm-dev libpng-dev gcc-multilib libsdl1.2-dev byacc python-mako libxcursor-dev cmake zsh mingw64

Do all of these operations under home directory of your user or another directory where your user has write permissions.

Specifically, in a section &quot;Linux-i386&quot;, be sure first to build the cross-compiler (toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386) and only then AROS itself (alt-abiv0-linux-i386).


Clone &amp; build
&lt;pre&gt;
$ mkdir myrepo
$ cd myrepo
$ git clone https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS.git AROS
$ cd AROS
$ git checkout alt-abiv0
$ cd ..
$ cp ./AROS/scripts/rebuild.sh .
$ ./rebuild.sh
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now to the build selection below - Linux-i386 

Select toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 - Select alt-abiv0-linux-i386 (DEBUG) 

Start AROS by:
&lt;pre&gt;
$ cd alt-abiv0-linux-i386/bin/linux-i386/AROS
$ ./Arch/linux/AROSBootstrap
&lt;/pre&gt;


Pc-i386 Select toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 (if not built yet) - Select alt-abiv0-pc-i386

ISO image available in alt-abiv0-pc-i386/distfiles


Now that we have linux-hosted build, we can resume native (option 2).
Run ./rebuild.sh and selection option 2. Wait until it finished, then:
&lt;pre&gt;
$ cd alt-abiv0-pc-i386
$ make
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now
&lt;pre&gt;
$ make bootiso
&lt;/pre&gt;


Now, your compiler is located in toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 directory and named i386-aros-gcc. Includes are in alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development/include and libraries are in alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development.lib.

This is how then can be passed to the compiler:

/home/xxx/toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386/i386-aros-gcc --sysroot /home/xxx/alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development -L/home/xxx/alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development/lib 

../toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386/i386-aros-gcc --sysroot bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development local/helloworld/helloworld.c -o local/helloworld/helloworld

 ABIv0 still uses 4.x GCC while you indicate problems with 6.5.0 GCC.


[https://arosdevteam.slack.com/join/shared_invite/enQtOTc4Mzg0NDIzNzQ0LWQ2NWZmNmMwNGIwNGEyNTgxNzU3MGFjMTk3ZThmOTQ1MTVjMzhmNTllYWQ0ZTUxMjBjMGE0Y2VjMDJmNTc5MzI#/shared-invite/email Slack Dev Forum] 


'''Another Linux''' option is to use '''cross-compilers for Linux'''. 

Another is using Debian like distros and download the gimmearos.sh script (on [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/cross aros-archives]) to setup the developer environment by downloading necessary packages ...
The gimmearos script is a good start in that direction, building the cross compilers and hosted AROS environment, but gimmearos.sh might be out of date or not be completely compatible with any given linux distro. 

In order to do that, you have to compile AROS yourself. Download AROS source archive not contrib. Compile AROS by entering the main directory

 ./configure
 make

([http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php More on compiling AROS]). The result will be a basic AROS system without development tools.

To compile C++ on Linux, type 'make gnu-contrib-crosstools', creating the cross-compilers in ./bin/linux-i386/tools/, named i386-aros-gcc, etc.

'''Note''': Currently, to make the cross compilers usable copy 'collect-aros' from tools/ to tools/i386-aros/bin/. At the moment the cross compilers if used from the Linux command line will only find it when it's there.

If you want to compile native compilers (the Developer Environment), type 'make contrib-gnu-gcc', creating native compilers in AROS' System:Development/bin directory.

When the output needs to be stripped &lt;code&gt;--strip-unneeded --remove-section .comment&lt;/code&gt;

The Obj-C backend should build out of the box.

Open contrib/gnu/gcc/mmakefile.src and search for the line which contains &quot;--enable-languages&quot; and add &quot;objc&quot; to the list of languages that follows it.

    --enable-languages=c,c++,objc

Better make it—enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++

ObjC++ is broken as soon as you try to use exceptions, but that might change in future GCC versions and it does not hurt having it there already.

Do you need a [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=6620&amp;forum=2&amp;post_id=63146#forumpost63146 cross-compiler] or a real compiler? In the first case you can get away with just downloading the proper gcc archive, apply the patch and proceed with the normal gcc build. In the case of a real cross-compiler then when downloading the contrib sources, also need to download the normal sources, place the contrib sources into a directory called contrib, need to install autoconf+automake+perl+python, call ./configure, cd into the subdirectory and type make.

to rebuild GCC with host == build == target == i386-pc-aros. So just get the vanilla sources and apply the patches without bothering about the build system?


[https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2019/10/a-pre-configured-development-machine.html
 pre-configured VM environment vmware virtual machine to develop AROS and AROS software]


'''Windows(TM)''' [https://franke.ms/amiga/gcc.wiki AmiDevCpp Old versions] is a cross-compiling developer environment for Windows, able to create binaries for AROS, AmigaOS, and MorphOS. [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=93813 Upgrading gcc versions] 


'''64 bit'''

First thing you need is Linux system, suggest Ubuntu, with installed cmake and x86_64-aros cross-compiler. In order to get the cross-compiler you need to build AROS (either linux-x86_64 or pc-x86_64, I suggest linux-x86_64) locally on that machine. The build instructions for AROS are available here: http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php

Once you have the cross compiler and make available, we can continue.

How to [https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2019/09/setting-up-64bit-linux-development-env.html
 create a AROS dev environment if you want to do that by yourself]


A hub page to start with Icaros 64
https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/p/64-bit.html


'''32 bit'''

A good option for multiple OS is [https://axrt.org/index.php?tab=download-aros AxRuntime lets developers compile their Amiga API-based applications as Linux binaries being able to utilize modern development tools available on Linux, like IDEs, debuggers, profilers, etc] 


====Native compilers for AROS====

Namely gcc for C or g++ for C++ are supplied with the [[Aros/Developer/Docs#The Developer Environment|Developer Environment]], which is already '''setup''' and part of any current AROS distribution like AROS One, [http://www.icarosdesktop.org/ Icaros] or the nightlies but '''not''' Icaros Lite 

Currently, the developer environment consists of the following software components. GNU GCC 4.x GNU BinUtils, GNU Fileutils 4.x, GNU Textutils and others.

On single partition systems and the Boot ISO, the AROS Developer environment is installed under &quot;SYS:Development/&quot;. Systems with multiple partitions - such as a Work: partition - tend to install it to there instead, however it can be installed manually to any location. Please remember, if moving, that you will need to correct the Development packages 'install location' env variable to point to the new locations root - look in SYS:S/startup-sequence.

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign Development: SYS:Development 
Assign C: Development:bin ADD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


In the aros build instructions. you need to check out contrib and/or ports into your AROS source directory, as subdirs. then, assuming you are building in an external build dir, as you should, you simply configure and &quot;make contrib&quot; for instance or whatever submodule you might want to build.


===Beginners Tutorials in C C++===

As AROS is [http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=29856 C based] API compatible to AmigaOS 3.x, so most of the information on programming C on the Amiga applies to AROS as well. Please note that there is a lot of AOS 1.3 (not so useful) and AmigaOS AOS 2.x information around as well. 

Curly brackets missing - try SHIFT + ALT + 7 or 0.


Brief overview of what is required to write AROS Applications

# Using [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|Intuition]] for basic screens/windows 
# Using graphics within windows via 8bit [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|graphics]] and so onto  15-16-24bit [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|cybergraphx]]
# Load and save work to [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|dos]] disk drives
# Using the [[Aros/Developer/Zune|ZUNE GUI Environment]]


Writing native games require this extra information

# Using [[Aros/Developer/AHIDrivers|AHI audio hardware independent API]]
# Using USB joystick/joypad with the Poseidon USB stack through [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/LowLevel|LowLevel]] library


Additional features that could be added later

# Adding additional [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Locale|Locale]] language translations to your program 
# Adding a [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx|AREXX/Regina]] port to your application
# Copy'n'paste actions: using AROS' [http://archives.aros-exec.org/share/development/misc/cbio_aros.zip Clipboard] and use open/write/read/close
# Executing Amiga(TM) [[Aros/User/DOS|DOS]] commands from your application
# Using [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|icons]] (.info files) and icon tooltypes (stack, version, and program startup options)

A good introduction to Amiga programming in general, though a little outdated, is Rob Peck's book &quot;Programmer's Guide to the Amiga&quot;. The Amiga ROM Kernel manuals: Libraries (3rd edition), and The AmigaDOS manual (3rd edition) are the most generally useful books, the other RKMs, including the Style Guide also have their uses. There were many reference examples from AmigaMail and Devcon notes (available again on an Amiga developers CD). 

If using Arexx then &quot;The Amiga Programmer's Guide to ARexx&quot; by Eric Giguere, which was published by Commodore is useful as well as an &quot;Arexx Cookbook&quot;.


* Beginners C Guide [http://www.iu.hio.no/~mark/CTutorial/CTutorial.html C Tutorial], 
* [http://thecguru.com/ C for beginners],
* [http://fresh2refresh.com/c/c-basic-program/ C programming basics] for students, 
* [https://www.edx.org/courses Free Online course] from American Universities 
* AROS Dev help [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/index.php aros.org AROS homepage], 
* Reference Amiga [http://amigadev.elowar.com/ API reference].


* Source can be found [http://www.liquido2.com/tutorial/index.html here] and [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Examples|here]] and [http://www.blackfiveservices.co.uk/amiga-c/ here]. Lots of example code can be found inside AROS sources themselves. DOWNLOAD the '''contrib source''' archives from [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php Aros site], and study the AROS applications source code, e.g. the test programs from the Tests drawer (folder/directory). Take a look at the code of some smaller AROS programs might be a better and more up to date guide. There a quite a lot of nice examples hidden in the AROS SVN.

When you upload your builds, please write the architecture (like i386-aros, x86_64-aros, etc) in the archive name 
and it is also advisable to write in the field &quot;Requirements&quot; what ABI (ABIv0 or ABI-WIP or ABIv1) 


===Compiling C/C++ Code===

Native, although we have a IDE Integrated Development Environment (Murks), it does lack a debugger. Whilst others use a combination of a text editor and shell to edit code. Most though use an AROS hosted on Linux to take advantage of the better GCC tools like GDB and various IDEs.

Open shell - its a menu option at the top left of Wanderer (desktop). Or by using the right Win key and w (or F12 and w) within the directory with the source code. Type in
 sh 
to change the amiga shell into a unix shell. You can then type in ls (unix equivalent to amiga dir). Take a look [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Linux_commands here] for more commands.

For a single file program-name.c or program-name.cpp
 gcc -o program-name program-name.c  
or 
 g++ -o program-name program-name.cpp
or
 g++ -o test -Wall -g main.cc texturelib.cpp xmodelib.cc -lsdl -lgl

To close the shell, click on the top left-hand corner to close (twice). Once to get back the aros shell and then again to close finally. Use [http://freshmeat.net/projects/cksfv/ cksfv] as a test.

Some source code requires the addition of Amiga API libraries, like dos, which you can flag at the compile time as 
 gcc -o julia.exe julia.c -ldos

For DOS use -ldos as example and if you are compiling mui codes it will be -lmui or intuition -lintuition. Other missing symbols are due to linker libraries being necessary for linking in functions that aren't in the standard C libraries. For example some source code would need added

 -lz or -lm or -lpng or -larosc etc.

use this in unix line command mode to search for 'search-item' in many .c files (*.cpp for c++, etc.)
 grep -l 'search-item' *.c


:''More information: [[Aros/Developer/Porting software]]''


=== How to make Apps have AROS 64-bit specific support code ===

[http://www.aros.org/cs/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.php Portable code] 

AROS64 already uses 64bit addressing, it just doesn't setup the MMU for more than 4GB physical memory currently.
When porting software to AROS64 it is &quot;mostly&quot; a case of converting ULONG's that are used to store pointers, into IPTR's instead, etc. Another quirk, is making sure items on the stack are the correct size by using the STACKED attribute for them. 

* Use texteditor or some tool to replace all &quot;ULONG&quot; with &quot;IPTR&quot; and &quot;LONG&quot; with &quot;SIPTR&quot; in the sources.

compiling mui stuff for aros setting -std=gnu99 is necessary, had -std=c99 usually 
A MUI application most likely needs only the HOOKPROTOxxx SDI macros. They are compatible with AROS, only the attributes (hook, object attribute) must be given in the right order.


==Coding conventions==

As the AROS core source is a shared developer experience, there are rules regarding structure and style. When it comes to your creating your own app and coding, the structure and style should be your own, i.e. you should enjoy what you do and do it so that you can understand what is going on.

===Layout===

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
static void 1st_function()
{
    program
    exit(0);    
}

int main(void)
{
    1st_function();
    2nd_function();
    3rd_function();
    return 0;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;

struct Screen * openscreen(void);
struct Window *openwindow(struct Screen *screen, const char *title, LONG x, LONG y, LONG w, LONG h);

VOID 1st_function();
VOID 2nd_function();

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    program
    return 0;
} /* main */

VOID 1st_function()
{

}

VOID 2nd_function()
{

}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

===General style===

This code is used by many people and therefore you should keep some things in mind when you submit source code:

* Keep things simple 
* Keep the source clean 
* Always know what you are doing, if not flag it and describe what needs to be done... 
* Explain clearly/simply what you are doing 
* Remember that you write code once but that it is read many times by many people

===Comments===

AROS uses some of the comments in the source to generate the documentation. Therefore it's necessary to keep a certain format so the tools can find their information. Other comments are ignored but they should explain what you thought when you wrote the code. If you really can't think of an explanation, then don't write the code a second time like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* This adds 1 to t */
t ++;
&lt;/pre&gt;

What we think of is this:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Go on with next element */
t ++;
&lt;/pre&gt;

===Formatting===

This is only '''IMPORTANT''' if you are going to work on the core AROS code or contrib but not applications which may reside outside like on AROS Archives or other websites.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
{
    /* a */
    struct RastPort * rp;
    int               a;

    /* b */
    rp = NULL;
    a  = 1;

    /* c */
    if (a == 1)
        printf (&quot;Init worked\n&quot;);

    /* d */
    if
    (
        !(rp = Get_a_pointer_to_the_RastPort
            (
                some
                , long
                , arguments
            )
        )
    ||
        a &lt;= 0
    )
    {
        printf (&quot;Something failed\n&quot;);
        return FAIL;
    }

    /* e */
    a = printf (&quot;My RastPort is %p, a=%d\n&quot;
        , rp
        , a
    );

    return OK;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Looks ugly, eh ? :-) Ok, here are the rules:

&lt;pre&gt;
If several lines contain similar code, put similar things below each other (see a and b);
Put spaces between operands and operators
Put braces {}, brackets [] and parentheses () below each other (d) if there is much code between. 
Brackets and parentheses may be in one line if the code between is small (c)
Indent by 4 Spaces. Two indent levels may be abbreviated by one tab.
&lt;/pre&gt;

'''Before committing please normalize the indentation - if you have a mixture of tabs and spaced - please always use spaces, 1 tab = 4 spaces.'''

The reasons for this are:

# While some editors can use an arbitrary sizes for tabs, it's a bit complicated to tell another editor which tab size was used by the one used to write the code. 
# Most code in AROS was written this way and your code should look like the rest. 
# You can print this code on any printer without special tools to &quot;fix&quot; the tabs. 
# Most editors have smart tabs which do exactly this. If your editor doesn't, write a bug report.

If you have a function with many arguments (d, e) you should put the parentheses in lines of their own and each argument in one line (d) or put the first argument behind the opening parentheses (e) and each following argument in a line of its own with the comma in front. The closing parentheses is in a line of its own and aligned with the beginning of the expression (i.e. the a and not the opening parentheses or the printf()).

Use a single blank line to separate logical blocks. Large comments should have a blank line before and after them, small comments should be put before the code they explain with only one blank line before them.

If you see any TABS in AROS core sources then the suggestion is to &quot;detab the file and commit that separately&quot; either before or afterwards from making functionality changes. Make two commits instead of one. This makes it easier for others to see the real changes instead of having to dig through multiple lines of irrelevant diffs.

===Eliminating Global Variables===

i.e. pass variables to functions (local scope) or classes making it easier to track and debug your code.

Any time you find that you need a particular thing in 'a lot of different places', chances are that all those places are conceptually related, and so you can create a class, a namespace, a function, or some other higher-level organizational unit to represent that relationship. This makes the program easier to understand.

Bad Designs

* All variables are global. 
* There are no standalone functions, only sub-procedures which act on the global variables. 
* Every sub-procedure is at least 500 lines to several thousand 
* Every sub-procedure has more than one task to perform 
* Copy-paste is preferred to writing methods, AND subtle changes are made in the middle of the code

Good Designs

* structure program into functions (C or basic) - top-down procedural approach 
* put in class(es) (freepascal or C++) - the object is fixed and you use methods to access the object

&lt;pre&gt;
 class String_List
 {
 private:
 list&lt;string&gt; m_List;  // member
 public:
 void read_strings() { /* read strings into m_List */ }
 void print_strings() { /* write contents of m_List to stdout */ }
 void sort_strings() { /* sort contents of m_List */ }
 void sort_strings_reverse() { /* reverse-sort contents of m_List */ }
 void unique_strings() { /* remove duplicate strings */ }
 };

 int main()
 {
 String_List myList;  // local
 myList.read_strings();
 myList.sort_strings();
 myList.print_strings();
 myList.sort_strings_reverse();
 myList.print_strings();
 myList.unique_strings();
 myList.print_strings();
 return 0;
 }
&lt;/pre&gt;

This way it is very easy to replace the list with new list for debugging purposes, or replacing the methods without replacing the list, when you want different results. You only have to replace the content of the local variables.

 So create the structure that matches your data (linked lists, trees, arrays, etc) and what to do with them (sorting, searching, etc)

&lt;pre&gt;
.h usually contain #define #include typedef enum struct extern screen and window definitions (data structures)
.c should contains functions and algorithms
&lt;/pre&gt;

One way to look at it is that menu headings act as the .c file and sub-menu headings as functions.

When you start a project, you place a couple of declarations in the include file. As the project continues, you place more and more declarations in the include file, some of which refer to or contain previous declarations. Before you know it, you have a real mess on your hands. The majority of your source files have knowledge of the data structures and directly reference elements from the structures.
Making changes in an environment where many data structures directly refer to other data structures becomes, at best, a headache. Consider what happens when you change a data structure.

Use good variables names to help clarify code and only comment when you need to explain why a certain programming approach was made.

You're Refactoring Legacy Code, you see a global, you want to get rid of it. How do you do this?

Exactly what to do depends on how the global is used. The first step is to find all uses of the global throughout the code, and get a feel for what the significance of the variable is and how it relates to the rest of the program. Pay particular attention to the &quot;lifetime&quot; of the variable (when it gets initialized, when it is first used, when it is last used, how it gets cleaned up). Then, you will probably make the global a data member of a class (for OO languages), or you will write some get/set functions. Converting to the Singleton Pattern is common, but you may discover that it makes more sense for the data element to be a member of an existing singleton, or maybe even an instance variable.

# Create a basic read method, either as a class or a global function. Replace all reads with the access method, but leave the variable defined as a global.
# Review each of the writes to the method and extract action functions one at a time. Unless two operations are coded identically in the original code, extract each write access separately.
# Change the variable scope from global to local.
# Analyze similar action functions to determine if any can be merged, i.e., there are no functional differences in the results of the function, just differences in the implementation details.
# Review the calls to the read method and see if a more complex functionality should be applied. Follow the approach for writes and unless implementations are identical, create separate access functions. 
# Analyze the access functions for duplication.

As returning variables by &quot;passing by value&quot; are forgotten, so &quot;passing by reference&quot; is often used instead. The reference is a pointer to the variable so the value is remembered when returned.

Alternatives

* Hidden Globals
* Singleton Pattern
* Database or TupleSpace
* Context Object 
* Dependency Injection 
* Stateful Procedures

==AROS/AmigaOS APIs and Docs==

&lt;pre&gt;
Library:
   - Private data structure
   - Many public access methods

Device:
   - Private data structure
   - Two (BeginIO/AbortIO) access methods

Resource:
   - Public data structure
   - *NO* access methods
&lt;/pre&gt;

And, being Amiga OS-compatible, there are exceptions to all of these.


===System Libraries===

The [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/app-dev/index.php AROS Guide To Libraries] can be used as a guide to individual commands and Old Dev Docs are used in application programming.

The generated [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/autodocs/ Aros AutoDocs HTML Read] or download [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php docs-html.bz2 from here].

Amiga/Aros styles libraries are very different from windows and linux libs. Typical .so/dll libraries are foreign to most Amiga-like OS 


*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/AROSC|arosc.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/AmigaGuide|amigaguide.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/ASL|asl.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Bullet|bullet.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/BSDsocket|bsdsocket.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CAMD|camd.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|cybergraphics.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGXVIDEO|cgxvideo.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Commodities|commodities.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DataTypes|datatypes.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DiskFont|diskfont.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|dos.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Exec|exec.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Expansion|expansion.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/FreeType2|freetype.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/GadTools|gadtools.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|graphics.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|icon.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Identify|identify.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/IFFParse|iffparse.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|intuition.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Keymap|keymap.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Layers|layers.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Locale|locale.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/LowLevel|lowlevel.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEESingBas|mathieeesingbas.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEEDoubBas|mathieeedoubbas.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEESingTrans|mathieeesingtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEEDoubTrans|mathieeedoubtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Mathtrans|mathtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MUIMaster|muimaster.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Partition|partition.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/PopUpMenu|popupmenu.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/OOP|oop.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Regina|regina.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Reqtools|reqtools.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/RexxSysLib|rexxsyslib.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/ScreenNotify|screennotify.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/TTEngine|ttengine.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Thread|thread.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Utility|utility.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Xadmaster|xadmaster.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Workbench|workbench.library]]


===AROS Subsystems===

# [[Aros/Developer/Zune|Zune MUI compatible GUI]]
# [[Aros/Developer/AROSAppPackages|AROS Application Packages]]
# AHI Audio Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/AHIDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/AHIDriversDev|Development]]
# AROSTCP Sana2 Network Interface Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/NICDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/NICDriversDev|Development]]
# gfx.hidd/cybergraphics Video Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/GfxDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/GfxDriversDev|Development]]
# IO Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/IODeviceDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/IODeviceDriversDev|Development]]
# USB Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/USBDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/USBDriversDev|Development]]
# PCI Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/PCIDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/PCIDriversDev|Development]]
# [http://www.libsdl.org/ SDL] 
# [[w:Gallium3D|Gallium 3D]] [http://www.mesa3d.org/ openGL aka Mesa] - [[Aros/Developer/OpenGL|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/OpenGLDev|Development]] [http://www.swiftless.com/opengltuts.html Swfitless]
# A small subset of GTK2 through [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gtk-mui/ MUI-GTK] 
# Cairo 2D Engine - [[Aros/Developer/Cairo|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/Cairo|Development]]
# [[Aros/Developer/Scalos|Scalos desktop API and plugin modules]]


====HIDDs====

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/HIDDClass|hiddclass.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Graphics|graphics.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/VesaGfx|vesagfx.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/ATI|radeon.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/NVidia|nvidia.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Nouveau|nouveau.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Kbd|kbd.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Mouse|mouse.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/i2c|i2c.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/IRQ|irq.hidd (deprecated)]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/PCI|pci.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/PCIPC|pcipc.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Serial|serial.hidd]]

HIDD are used for device/peripheral low level hardware support drivers. The HIDD system is split up into a collection of classes with a strict inheritance hierarchy. A HIDD class implements a device driver for a single device or in rare cases a group of devices and provides an interface for other programs and devices to access.
      
In order to maintain portability of interfaces across a wide range of hardware this interface will in general not present the raw interface to the underlying hardware. Instead it will present a generic interface that describes many different hardware implementations. This allows for the best reuse of both interfaces and code.

HIDD API is heavyweight though. You need to open a HIDD library, open oop.library, instantiate an object (even if there's no object); and object calls are more costly compared to plain library calls.


Basically your task is to implement a subclass of hidd.ata.bus for your hardware. just implementing the XXXATA__Hidd_ATABus__xxxxxx methods for the Amiga chipset - and appropriate versions of the interface_xxx.c file(s). pretty much everything in probe.c could be ignored - just write a replacement scan for relevant amiga devices and store whatever info you need in the bus data? only the &quot;SUPPORT_LEGACY&quot; blocks might be related.

You do not need to depend on PCI API. PCI is just a way to discover the hardware on PCs, etc. 
&lt;hidd/pci.h&gt; includes (at some depth) &lt;interface/HW.h&gt;, which defines IID_HW. This comes from the 'generic' HIDD class in: 
 rom/hidds/hidd/hiddclass.conf
did not split up HIDD and HW because they are always used in pair. It's the same as hidd/pci.h bringing definition for: PCI, PCIDriver and PCIDevice. PCI is actually PCIHW, just the name was not changed for backwards compatibility reasons. HW is a 'hub' where HIDD instances plug in.

ATA HIDD aoHidd_ATABus_Use32Bit value is completely ignored unless ata.device first detects correct command line parameter.
Yes. Unfortunately I was unable to find any comment in code or svn history with explanations. Looked  at Linux source, there 32-bit PIO is also controller driver's property. Some of them enable it, some don't.

Actually, switching the default to ON should be safe. ata.device is fail-safe at this because during IDENTIFY command it validates upper 16  bits,  and  if they appear to be zeroes in all 128 longwords, then 32-bit mode is switched off. But, nevertheless, I know how tricky hardware can be, so I decided not to change original behavior. If  you think it's wrong in some cases, then it's possible to add one more  attribute  like  aHidd_ATABus_Default32Bit. If set to YES, then  this means that 32-bit PIO is safe to use by default.


====Devices====

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/ATA|ata.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Console|console.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Narrator|narrator.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Printer|printer.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Trackdisk|trackdisk.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/AmberRAM|amberram.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Timer|timer.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/|.device]]

The Amiga used [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices|Devices]] to communicate with [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&amp;topic_id=3475&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=ASC additional hardware]. AROS has replaced these hardware devices with hidd equivalents but some are still retained for backwards compatibility.

Local libraries/devices/handlers,etc are supposed to override the ones in ROM if their version is higher than the one in ROM.

Here is the list of commands exec default: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| CMD_CLEAR
|  Purge the buffer of the device
|----
| CMD_READ
|  Playback Control
|----
| CMD_STOP
|  Stopped the activity of the device
|----
| CMD_FLUSH
|  Empty the queue of commands
|----
| CMD_RESET
|  Reset a device
|----
| CMD_WRITE
|  Playback Control
|----
| CMD_INVALID
|  Create an error
|----
| CMD_UPDATE
|  Gets updated device
|----
| CMD_START
|  Will restart the device
|----
|}

While most other &quot;stuff you communicate with&quot; in AmigaOS are devices &lt;ref&gt;AMIGA ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Devices, 3rd Edition. Commodore-Amiga, Inc. Addison-Wesley, 1991. {{ISBN|0-201-56775-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; that share a [http://gega.homelinux.net/AmigaDevDocs/ common base interface]. [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices1.3|OS 1.3 Device Drivers]].


====Handlers====

:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/Pipe|pipe.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/Port|port.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/SFS|sfs.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/FAT|fat.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/PFS|pfs.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/NTFS|fuse.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/FFS|ffs.handler]]

filesystem handlers have their own separate system consisting of completely differently structured messages that dos.library use to pass requests (for things like reading, writing, getting directory contents etc.) to them. AROS originally went with implementing filesystem handlers as devices, which might arguably be more consistent with the rest of the AmigaOS API but which is quite incompatible with AmigaOS itself. However, it made it far harder to port filesystems and the gains were comparatively small, and so there's been a long standing goal of fixing this incompatibility. It has now, June 2011, been reintroduced to all AROS flavors.

are argstr and argsize valid for the handler startup environment?
DOS/RunHandler() calls DOS/CreateNewProcTags(), and then CallEntry() (in rom/dos/exit.c) to start the handler, so yes, argstr and argsize are *present* in the call signature of the handler.

Granted, argstr will be NULL and argsize 0, but those values *are* passed to the handler function using:

&lt;pre&gt;
AROS_UFC3(ULONG, entry,
                         AROS_UFCA(STRPTR, argptr, A0),
                         AROS_UFCA(ULONG, argsize, D0),
                         AROS_UFCA(struct ExecBase *, SysBase, A6));
&lt;/pre&gt;

Creating your own [without the whole build tree http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/temp/radeon.zip] and then  
&lt;pre&gt;
make stub
make
make install
&lt;/pre&gt;

SFS has two Root blocks, one at the start and one at the end of the disk. The Root blocks both contain the same information.  They hold various information about the disk structure and have the locations of some important blocks used by the filesystem.  

The Root ObjectContainer contains the Root directory Object. The name of this Object is the name of the volume. It is identical to a normal directory Object.

The Bitmap is used to keep track of free space. Each bit in a bitmap represents a single block. A set bit indicates a free block and a cleared bit a used block.

AdminSpaceContainers are used to keep track of space which has been reserved for storing administration blocks. Only the Bitmap, the Root blocks and the actual data stored in files aren't stored in administration space. Administration space is allocated in chunks of 32 blocks at a time. A single AdminSpaceContainer can hold information about a large number of such areas each of which has its own little bitmap of 32 bits.

Extents are stored in a B-Tree. The Root block holds a pointer to the root of the Extent B-Tree. Extents keep track of space in use by a specific file. Each fragment a file consists of has its own Extent. Extents are in a double linked list. The list can be used to locate the next or previous fragment of a file.

Below is the standard block header. This header is found before EVERY type of block used in the filesystem, except data blocks.  The id field is used to check if the block is of the correct type when it is being referred to using a BLCK pointer.  The checksum field is the SUM of all LONGs in a block plus one, and then negated. When applying a checksum the checksum field itself should be set to zero. The checking a checksum the checksum is okay if the result of the checksum equals zero. The ownblock BLCK pointer points to the block itself. This field is an extra safety check to ensure we are using a valid block.

Field	Type	Description
id	ULONG	The id field is used to identify the type of block we are dealing with. It is used to make sure that when referencing a block we got a block of the correct type. The id consist of 4 bytes and each blocktype has its own unique foure letter code.
checksum	ULONG	This field contains the sum of all longs in this block, plus one and then negated. The checksum can be used to check if the block hasn't been corrupted in any way.
ownblock	BLCK	Points to itself, or in other words, this field contains the block number of this block. This is yet another way to check whether or not a block is valid.

&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBlockHeader {
    ULONG id;
    ULONG checksum;
    BLCK ownblock;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
The algorithm to calculate the checksum of a block:
&lt;pre&gt;
ULONG calcchecksum(struct fsBlockHeader *block, LONG blocksize} {
    ULONG *data=(ULONG *)block;
    ULONG checksum=1;

    block-&gt;checksum=0;

    while(blocksize&gt;0) {
        checksum+=*data++;
        blocksize-=4;
    }

    return(-checksum);
} 
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Root block contains very important information about the structure of a SFS disk. It has information on the location and size of the disk, the blocksize used, locations of various important blocks, version information and some filesystem specific settings.

A SFS disk has two Root blocks; one located at the start of the partition and one at the end. On startup the filesystem will check both Roots to see if it is a valid SFS disk. If either one is missing SFS can still continue (although at the moment it won't).

A Root block could be missing on purpose. For example, if you extend the partition at the end (adding a few MB's) then SFS can detect this with the information stored in the Root block located at the beginning (since only the end-offset has changed).   Same goes for the other way around, as long as you don't change start and end point at the same time.

When a Root block is missing because the partition has been made a bit larger, then SFS will in the future be able to resize itself without re-formatting the disk.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
version	UWORD	The version of the filesystem block structure. You can check this field to identify what version of the filesystem your dealing with it and to see if you can handle this structure correctly. Don't try to interpret the disk's structure when this field contains an unknown version number!
sequencenumber	UWORD	Used to identify which Root block was written last in case the sequencenumber on both Root blocks don't match.
datecreated	ULONG	Creation date of this volume. This is the date when the disk was last formatted and will never be changed.
bits	UBYTE	Various settings, see below.
pad1	UBYTE	Reserved, leave zero.
pad2	UWORD	Reserved, leave zero.
reserved1	ULONG[2]	Reserved, leave zero.
firstbyteh	ULONG	High 32-bits of a 64-bit number. This is the first byte of our partition relative to the start of the disk.
firstbyte	ULONG	Low 32-bits of a 64-bit number.
lastbyteh	ULONG	High 32-bits of a 64-bit number. This is the last byte (exclusive) of our partition relative to the start of the disk.
lastbyte	ULONG	Low 32-bits of a 64-bit number.
totalblocks	ULONG	The total number of blocks this partition consists of.
blocksize	ULONG	The size of a block of this partition.
reserved2	ULONG[2]	Reserved, leave zero.
reserved3	ULONG[8]	Reserved, leave zero.
bitmapbase	BLCK	Block number of the start of the Bitmap.
adminspacecontainer	BLCK	Block number of the first AdminSpaceContainer.
rootobjectcontainer	BLCK	Block number of the ObjectContainer which contains the root of the disk (this is where the volume name is stored).
extentbnoderoot	BLCK	Block number of the root of the Extent B-Tree.
reserved4	ULONG[4]	Reserved, leave zero.

&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsRootBlock {
  struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
  UWORD version;
  UWORD sequencenumber;
  ULONG datecreated;
  UBYTE bits;
  UBYTE pad1;
  UWORD pad2;
  ULONG reserved1[2];
  ULONG firstbyteh;
  ULONG firstbyte;
  ULONG lastbyteh;
  ULONG lastbyte;
  BLCK  totalblocks;
  ULONG blocksize;
  ULONG reserved2[2];
  ULONG reserved3[8];
  BLCK  bitmapbase;
  BLCK  adminspacecontainer;
  BLCK  rootobjectcontainer;
  BLCK  extentbnoderoot;
  ULONG reserved4[4];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

AdminSpaceContainers are used to store the location and bitmap of each administration space. The AdminSpaceContainers are located in a double linked list and they contain an array of fsAdminSpace structures.  There is one fsAdminSpace structure for every administration space on disk.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
next	BLCK	The next AdminSpaceContainer, or zero if it is the last in the chain.
previous	BLCK	The previous AdminSpaceContainer, or zero if it is the first AdminSpaceContainer.
bits	UBYTE	The number of bits in each in the bits ULONG in the fsAdminSpace structure.
pad1	UBYTE	Reserved, leave zero.
pad2	UWORD	Reserved, leave zero.
adminspace	struct fsAdminSpace	An array of fsAdminSpace structures. The size of the array is determined by the current blocksize.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsAdminSpaceContainer {
  struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
  BLCK next;
  BLCK previous;
  UBYTE bits;
  UBYTE pad1;
  UWORD pad2;
  struct fsAdminSpace adminspace[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
Field	Type	Description
space	BLCK	The first block of an administration space.
bits	ULONG	A small bitmap which is used to determine which blocks in an administration space are already in use. The number of bits in this bitmap is determined by the bits field in the AdminSpaceContainer.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsAdminSpace {
  BLCK  space;
  ULONG bits;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

The fsBitmap structure is used for Bitmap blocks. A bitmap block is used to keep track of which space is in use and which isn't for a particular area of a disk.  All bitmap blocks together keep track of the free space for an entire disk. The location of the first bitmap block is known and all other bitmap blocks are stored in order after the first one.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
bitmap	ULONG	An array of ULONG's.  These hold the actual information on which blocks are in use and which aren't.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBitmap {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    ULONG bitmap[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
Each bit in a bitmap block (except for the block header) represents a single block. If the bit is set than the block is free, and if the bit is clear then it is full. The first ULONG in the bitmap area of the first bitmap block represents blocks 0 through 31 on the disk. Bit 31 of this ULONG is block 0, 30 is block 1, and so on. Bit 0 of the first ULONG represents block 31.

Below is a table to clarify how bitmaps work even further. The first column is the bitmap block number, the second column is the number of the ULONG in the bitmap array. The third column is the bit number in this ULONG, and the last column is the block which this specific bit, in this specific bitmap block represents.

We'll assume here that a bitmap block has room for 120 ULONG's (meaning there is room for storing 32 * 120 bits).

&lt;pre&gt;
Bitmap block	ULONG number	Bit number	Block represented
1 (first)	0	31	0
1	0	30	1
...	...	...	...
1	0	1	30
1	0	0	31
1	1	31	32
...	...	...	...
1	2	31	64
1	2	30	65
...	...	...	...
1	119	0	3839
2	0	31	3840
2	0	30	3841
...	...	...	...
&lt;/pre&gt;
The last bitmap block doesn't need to be completely used. The unused bits (which belong to blocks which do not exist) all have to be clear, to indicate that these blocks are in use.

The fsObjectContainer structure is used to hold a variable number of fsObjects structures (Objects) which have the same parent directory. Each ObjectContainer must contain at least one Object. If there is space in the ObjectContainer not used by the variable number of Objects then that space is zero filled. Objects always start at 2-byte boundaries, which means sometimes a padding byte is inserted between two Objects.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
parent	NODE	The node number of the parent Object, or 0 if this object has no parent (which is only the case for the Root directory).
next	BLCK	The next ObjectContainer belonging to this directory, or zero if it is the last in the chain.
previous	BLCK	The previous ObjectContainer belonging to this directory, or zero if it is the first ObjectContainer in this directory.
object	struct fsObject	A variable number of fsObject structures. The number of structures depends on the individual sizes of each fsObject structure and the blocksize. These structures are located directly after each other with at most 1 byte of padding between them to get the structures aligned on a 2 byte boundary.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsObjectContainer {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    NODE parent;
    BLCK next;
    BLCK previous;
    struct fsObject object[0];
}; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

fsHashTable is the structure of a HashTable block. It functions much like the hash table found in FFS user directory blocks, except that it is stored in a separate block. This block contains a number of hash-chains (about 120 for a 512 byte block). Each hash-chain is a chain of Nodes. Each Node has a pointer to an Object and a pointer to the next entry in the hash-chain.  Using such a hash-chain you can locate an object quickly by only knowing its name.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
parent	NODE	The node number of the directory Object this HashTable block belongs to.
hashentry	NODE	An array of Nodes. Each Node represents the start of a hash-chain (singly linked). A hash-value is calculated using the name of a file or directory, and this value determines in which chain the Object is linked. If there are no entries in a hash-chain then the hashentry value is zero.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsHashTable {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    NODE parent;
    NODE hashentry[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
To calculate the hash-value using a name of an Object as input use these routines:
&lt;pre&gt;
UWORD calchash(UBYTE *name) {
    UWORD hash=0;
    /* Calculates a hash value over the passed in string.
       The end of the string can be either a NUL byte or a
       slash. The hash function is the same as the one
       used in FastFileSystem set to international mode. */
    while(name[hash]!=0 &amp;&amp; name[hash]!='/') {
        hash++;
    }
    while(*name!=0 &amp;&amp; *name!='/') {
        hash=hash*13+upperchar(*name++);
    }

    return((UWORD)(hash % (UWORD)((blocksize-sizeof(struct fsHashTable))&gt;&gt;2)));
}
UBYTE upperchar(UBYTE c) {
    if((c&gt;=224 &amp;&amp; c&lt;=254 &amp;&amp; c!=247) || (c&gt;='a' &amp;&amp; c&lt;='z')) {
        c-=32;
    }
    return(c);
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

The BNodeContainer is used to store B-Trees. Currently only one B-Tree is in use by this filesystem and it is used to store the location of file data. The fsBNodeContainer structure contains two other structures. The fsBlockHeader structure and the BTreeContainer structure.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
btc	struct BTreeContainer	Contains information about the B-Tree and its nodes contained in this block.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBNodeContainer {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    struct BTreeContainer btc;
}; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


====Resources====

&lt;pre&gt;
rom/storage/mmakefile.src 
rom/storage/storage.conf 
rom/storage/storage_device.c 
rom/storage/storage_ids.c 
rom/storage/storage_init.c 
rom/storage/storage_intern.h 
rom/storage/storage_mount.c 
rom/storage/storage_unit.c
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
rom/storage/includes/device.h 
rom/storage/includes/unit.h 
rom/storage/includes/volume.h 
rom/storage/storage_intern.h 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;

&lt;/pre&gt;

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/ACPI|acpi.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Battclock|battclock.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Bootloader|bootloader.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Cia|cia.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Filesystem|FileSystem.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Hostlib|hostlib.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Kernel|kernel.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Misc|misc.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Processor|processor.resource]]

==Debugging Code==

Please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=43586&amp;atid=439463 AROS Bug Tracker] if any issues are found.


GRUB Command line list

&lt;pre&gt;
sysdebug  
usbdebug - allows to see Poseidon's log in debug output
&lt;/pre&gt;


How do I get debugging out of InitResident ? If running i386 hosted on linux sysdebug=initresident on command line.
This  way  you can enable any of listed flags. sysdebug=all stands for &quot;everything&quot;


Have an executable (crosscompiled C++ code) which has 6 MB size on disk, but after loading it in memory, 250 MB RAM is taken. Any software that would split AROS executable into ELF part which would show actual size values?

 readelf -S executable

it will show you all sections in elf file, including sizes and requested alignment.

 objdump -h filename

That's will give you a quick overview of the sections and sizes. Ignore all the .debug.* sections. 
Would hazard a guess that you have a large .bss section. That's pretty common in C++.

Next step:

 nm—size-sort filename | grep ' [bB] '

The last few will be your biggest consumers. Would suggest -C to demangle the symbols... ;)


Suggest profiling the program (just use some printf's in the main loop for time spent in each part), it usually is quite easy to spot slow parts in games or apps.

If someone has '#define IPTR ULONG' somewhere. To see where that define is, redefine IPTR in the source code that fails, just above the line that fails, and the preprocessor will tell you where it was defined first.

===How to setup gdb with AROS/hosted===

Download AROS sources (AROS-xxxxxxxx-source.tar.bz2, where xxxxxxxx is the current date) and AROS contrib sources (AROS-xxxxxxxx-contrib-source) from [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php aros.sourceforge.net/download.php]

Untar-bzip2 and cd to the unpacked archive directory.

 &gt; tar -xvjf AROS-xxxxxxxx-source.tar.bz2
 &gt; cd AROS-xxxxxxxx-source

Check the link to &quot;contrib&quot; (contrib-source) inside directory, e.g. correct like this:

 &gt; rm contrib
 &gt; ln -s ../AROS-xxxxxxxx-contrib-source.tar.bz2 contrib

Make sure you have the correct locale setting, otherwise compilation will fail at some point. See [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php#setting-the-locale-to-iso8859 here] (or link below) for more on that. You might have to enter this:

 &gt; export LANG=&quot;en_US.ISO-8859-1&quot;

Now configure for a debug build - see &quot;./configure --help&quot; for more - here are two examples:

 &gt; ./configure—enable-debug=stack,modules,symbols
 
 &gt; ./configure—enable-debug=all

You may &quot;make&quot; now, or choose a separate directory for your build (e.g. for easy removal), for example if compiling for i386 architecture you could create a directory like this:

 &gt; mkdir linux-i386
 &gt; cd linux-i386
 &gt; ../AROS/configure—enable-debug=stack,symbols,modules

When done configuring you're ready to go:

 &gt; make

Building AROS takes some time - minutes on fast machines (e.g. 2.5&amp;nbsp;GHz quadcore), up to hours on slower machines.
The result will be AROS Linux hosted with gdb debugging enabled.

See aros.org documentation for more on compiling AROS, including more [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php --enable-debug] options.


When finished, enter bin/linux-i386/AROS directory (replace &quot;linux-i386&quot; with your compilation target platform, e.g. linux-x86_64, etc.) inside the unpacked archive directory. This directory contains the required .gdbinit file for properly running AROS inside gdb.

 &gt; cd bin/linux-i386/AROS

Run AROS (here: with 128MB of memory) from gdb:

 &gt; gdb—args boot/aros-unix -m 128
or
 &gt; gdb—args boot/arosboot -m 128

 (gdb) r

Watch the shell output - in case AROS complains about &quot;LoadKeyCode2RawKeyTable: Loading &quot;DEVS:Keymaps/X11/keycode2rawkey.table&quot; failed!&quot; you should also see some instructions on how to create a keymap table. (see link above &quot;more on compiling&quot;, too.)
Quit gdb, and try default keymap table:

 (gdb) q
 The program is running.  Quit anyway (and kill it)? (y or n) y
 &gt; cd ../../..
 &gt; make default-x11keymaptable

Re-run AROS, as described above. Try e.g. RAros (= right windows key) + W to open a shell. If this doesn't work you have to create a keymap table yourself, quit gdb again, and make a new keytable:

 &gt; make change-x11keymaptable

A window will open. Watch the window's title bar, and follow the instructions.

When done, re-run AROS. RAros + W should now open a shell.

Next, compile your program with gdb support.


When you start GDB is there a warning which says

   warning: File &quot;&lt;whatever&gt;/.gdbinit&quot; auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to ...

If so start gdb with &quot;-ix .gdbinit&quot;


&lt;pre&gt;
Summary - In short:

* build AROS with debugging support (i.e. ./configure --enable-debug=all)
* build your application with debugging support (i.e. option -g)
* run AROS in the GNU debugger (you may use the GUI frontend &quot;ddd&quot; which simplifies usage a bit)
* start your application
* use the commands &quot;findaddr&quot; and &quot;add-symbol-file&quot; as written in the debugging manual
* if the debugger doesn't find the source code of your application use the &quot;dir&quot; command of the debugger. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

===How to use gdb===

In AROS open a shell, then (in host shell) use CTRL-Z to go into gdb. Use &quot;b Exec_CreatePool&quot; (one of the functions used early on by startup code in programs) to add a breakpoint, then &quot;cont&quot; and gdb will interrupt somewhere early during startup of &quot;program&quot;. Use &quot;bt&quot; to show backtrace and &quot;loadseg&quot; for &quot;??&quot; entries. One of them will be for &quot;program&quot;. After that you can use &quot;disassemble program&quot;.

One thing you need to make sure is that .gdbinit you have in your build directory is the same as in source tree. It has been modified some time ago, but the build system does not refresh it - you need to copy it manually

To recap, please read our debugging [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/debugging.php manual]:


To detect segfaulting when loading, try...

 ./configure—enable-debug—with-optimization=&quot;-O2&quot;

Because crash or no crash may depend on optimization. For newer compilers maybe this helps...

 --with-optimization=-&quot;-O2 -fno-strict-aliasing&quot;

One way to make crashes less random (more easily reproducible) is to activate the munging of free memory in rom/exec/freemem.c which is normally commented out:

&lt;pre&gt;
Index: freemem.c
===================================================================
--- freemem.c   (revision 34289)
+++ freemem.c   (working copy)
@@ -154,11 +154,12 @@
         * created with their TCB placed in the tc_MemEntry list. The workaround
         * is to avoid munging when FreeMem() is called with task switching disabled.
         */
+
        /* DOH! it doesn't work even this way. What's wrong???
-        *
-        * if ((SysBase-&gt;TDNestCnt &lt; 0) &amp;&amp; (SysBase-&gt;IDNestCnt &lt; 0))
-        *      MUNGE_BLOCK(memoryBlock, MEMFILL_FREE, byteSize);
         */
+
+       if ((SysBase-&gt;TDNestCnt &lt; 0) &amp;&amp; (SysBase-&gt;IDNestCnt &lt; 0))
+           MUNGE_BLOCK(memoryBlock, MEMFILL_FREE, byteSize);

     }
&lt;/pre&gt;

Mungwall can be turned on at runtime. Currently this works in all hosted versions. Just specify &quot;mungwall&quot; on kernel command line and it works. It can work on native too. In order to enable it you need to parse kernel command line, and if &quot;mungwall&quot; is present, set EXECF_MungWall bit in IntExecBase.IntFlags.

This needs to be done before the first AllocMem() for obvious reasons. And never reset back this flag! If you change it on a working system, you are doomed.

Hosted ports do the processing in rom/exec/prepareexecbase.c --enable-debug=mungwall option in configure still works but is going obsolete.  A kludge in rom/exec/allocmem.c is responsible for this and it needs to be removed when the transition is done.

BTW,  on  i386-pc  port it can be activated by &quot;mungwall&quot; argument on command line, you don't need to rebuild AROS.
New mungwall affects not only AllocMem()/FreeMem(), but also pools. I also tested it with AllocAbs(), seems to work correctly.

Runtime mungwall works on:

* pc-i386
* pc-x86_64
* linux-i386
* linux-x86_64
* darwin-x86
* linux-ppc

Works on all hosted ports, if the port itself is working.

* amiga-m68k
* Not on sam440-ppc and efika-chrp-ppc, even if they would be able to be built at moment. Does not work on (for now, need NVRAM support)

When starting my freshly rebuilt i386-linux-aros which was compiled with full debugging support I get sometimes the error &quot;Program exited with code 0377&quot;. Add the following to your .gdbinit: 
 set follow-fork-mode child

Here are some of the custom AROS gdb functions (defined in &quot;.gdbinit&quot; file) to resolve &quot;in ?? ()&quot; entries in backtrace: 
&lt;pre&gt;
#0 0xb7ffd424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
#1 0xb7e2a657 in sigsuspend () from /lib/libc.so.6
#2 0xb7c63900 in ?? ()
#3 0xb7c640e3 in ?? ()
#4 0xb7c641e0 in ?? ()
&lt;/pre&gt;

You can use

 loadseg 0xb7c63900
 loadframe 2
or
 loadbt
and some others. Use &quot;help &quot; for a little help text. If the commands do not work try &quot;loadkick&quot; first.


Use &quot;thistask&quot;, &quot;taskready&quot;, &quot;taskwait&quot; to get list of AROS tasks. &quot;bttask &quot; shows backtrace of a task which is in ready or in wait queue and &quot;loadseg&quot; to resolve &quot;??&quot; entries in it's backtrace (&quot;loadframe&quot; would not work as it assume current running task).

===Native debugging tools for AROS===

 to enable debugging at boot time entering the GRUB menu editing line (E key) and adding &quot;debug=memory&quot; to your boot line, then press Ctrl+X to complete booting.


SYS:Tools/Debug/'''Bifteck'''

Open a shell and enter the line below to run Biftek and grab the debug messages collected in RAM into a text file.

 tools/debug/bifteck &gt; ram:debug.txt

and certainly does not open a window. It is a shell tool and only dumps data located from the debug location.
It is therefore important to 'catch' that debug data as soon as possible (before it gets overridden). You should invoke bifteck at the first opportunity before doing anything else.  You can use the TO option to store bifteck output to a file or you can pipe it manually to a file.  


SYS:Tools/Debug/'''Sashimi''' - displays error messages

One suggestion is to do a bug() debugging. Each time bug() is executed it will be output on sashimi. 
You include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt; and place bug(&quot;something\n&quot;); in your source code at location though which control passes.

To get the output - open an aros shell

 SYS:Tools/Debug/sashimi &gt; RAM:out.txt

'''Ctrl C''' to end the output to the RAM Disk.

# open shell, and type
# ram: (to switch to ram drive)
# System:Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; mylogfile.txt
# open AHI prefs using wanderer (or use another opened shell)
# play test sound
# close AHI prefs
# shell still open with Sashimi running: press ctrl-c to break Sashimi and return to prompt.
# in shell: copy mylogfile.txt System: (or to your required location)


SYS:Utilities/'''Snoopy''' - monitors OS function calls, run &quot;Sashimi&quot; to see Snoopy's output


SYS:Tools/'''WiMP'''    - the Window (and Screens) Manipulation Program

You can use the -E option of gcc to find out how preprocessor macros are expanded.

===Errors===

crash in strcasecmp usually means that one of its arguments is NULL.

empty space between these two names, prossibly some invisible character 

Old Amiga [http://www.amigacoding.com/index.php?title=Guru_codes&amp;redirect=no Guru Codes]

If the crash is in intuition. Sometimes, if it relates to text, a null pointer sets it off. 
an uninitialised pointer can have any address (this is a common fault).


Compiling on 64bit, Many old code would not properly typecast when doing pointer-integer conversions and thus at least throw a warning. This can easily be located and fixed.

[http://www.aros.org/cs/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.php Portable code] 

* Use texteditor or some tool to replace all &quot;ULONG&quot; with &quot;IPTR&quot; and &quot;LONG&quot; with &quot;SIPTR&quot; in the sources.
* Fix (change IPTR/SIPTR back to ULONG/LONG) the few places which really rely on ULONG/LONG being exactly 32 bit. That's for things like pixel (ARGB) buffers, structs written/read to disk, colormaps, but probably not much else.

Then again, many current compilers also throw a warning when you try to assign a pointer value to an integer and the integer is possibly too small. This happens under .NET for example when a 64 bit pointer is assigned to something like an ULONG - so exactly the case which you described.


=== Linux ===


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
/* 1. Header for your name,date,purpose of program.
2. Pre-processor directives. This will include the #includes for files you want to add. 
3. Includes for function prototypes if necessary.
4. Main()
Create Pointers for Libraries and any Window you want to open.
5. Open necessary libraries.
6. Check if open exit program if fail.
7. Open a window exit program if fail.
8. Add your program
9. Close Window
10 Close Libraries.
11 End Program. */

/* standard os included headers &lt;.h&gt; */
#include &lt;dos/dos.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dosasl.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dosextens.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/exall.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/rdargs.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/memory.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;utility/utility.h&gt;
#include &lt;intuition/intuition.h&gt;

/* define as unresolved external references (proto/xxx.h) and compiler will link to auto(matically) open library */ 
#include &lt;proto/arossupport.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/dos.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/intuition.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/graphics.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/cybergraphics.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/datatypes.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/icon.h&gt;

#include &lt;workbench/workbench.h&gt;
#include &lt;workbench/icon.h&gt;

#include &lt;datatypes/pictureclass.h&gt;

#include &lt;proto/muimaster.h&gt;
#include &lt;libraries/mui.h&gt;

#include proto/bsdsocket.h

#include &lt;ctype.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;

/* my own headers &quot;.h&quot; */

#define CTRL_C      (SetSignal(0L,0L) &amp; SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C)
#define  isDir(fib) ((fib)-&gt;fib_DirEntryType &gt;= 0)

#define ARG_TEMPLATE    &quot;FILE/A,ALL/S,QUIET/S,W=WIDTH/N,H=HEIGHT/N,M=METHOD,DEFTOOL&quot;

int main(void)
{


	return retval;
} /* main */
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

If you used c++, there is not yet c++ support in our shared library system. 
The easiest way to create / compile a shared library would be to use the AROS build system but the libraries can be created manually. You have to create a ROMTAG structure and some header files.  

A shared library is built with the %build_module macro with a line like this:

 %build_module mmake=MetaTarget modname=mylib modtype=library files=SourceFiles 

This macro can build different AROS module types, like devices, Zune classes, HIDDs, etc.

&lt;pre&gt;
##begin config
version 1.0
##end config

##begin functionlist
void func1(LONG a, LONG b)
int func2(char *s, ULONG a)
##end functionlist
&lt;/pre&gt;

There is more [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/sys-dev/libraries.php here]

Alternatively,  

&lt;pre&gt;
#ifndef LIB_H
#define LIB_H

#define __NOLIBBASE__

#include &lt;exec/libraries.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/semaphores.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dos.h&gt;

#ifdef __AROS__
//#include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt;
#define reg(x)
#define __saveds
#endif

#define USESYSBASE struct ExecBase *SysBase = Base-&gt;My_SysBase;

struct MyTestBase
{
  struct Library   My_Test_Lib;
	struct ExecBase *My_SysBase;
	APTR             My_SegList;
  int              testint;
};

#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Resident header written for mytest.library */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define __NOLIBBASE__

#define VERSION         1
#define REVISION        0

#define LIBHEADNAME     mytest
#define LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;mytest&quot;
#define COMPDATE        &quot;04.10.2015&quot;
#define VERS            &quot;1.0&quot;

#define LIBBASETYPE 	struct MyTestBase
#define LIBBASETYPEPTR  LIBBASETYPE *

#include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/resident.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/nodes.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/libraries.h&gt;
#include &lt;aros/symbolsets.h&gt;
#include &quot;lib.h&quot;

const UBYTE lib_name[] = LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;.library&quot;;

const UBYTE lib_id[] = &quot;$VER: &quot; LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;.library &quot; VERS &quot; (&quot; COMPDATE &quot;) by ALB42\n&quot;;

extern const APTR FuncTable[];

AROS_UFP3 (LIBBASETYPEPTR, InitLib,
    AROS_UFPA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    AROS_UFPA(BPTR, seglist, A0),
    AROS_UFPA(struct ExecBase *, sysbase, A6)
);

static struct LibInitStruct
{
    IPTR                   LibSize;
    const APTR             *FuncTable;
    const struct DataTable *DataTable;
    APTR                    InitFunc;
}
const LibInitStruct =
{
    sizeof(LIBBASETYPE),
    FuncTable,
    NULL,
    (APTR)InitLib
};

const struct Resident romtag =
{
  RTC_MATCHWORD,              /* match word */
  (APTR)&amp;romtag,              /* back pointer */
  (APTR)(&amp;romtag + 1),        /* skip pointer */
  RTF_AUTOINIT | RTF_EXTENDED,/* flags */
  VERSION,                    /* version */
  NT_LIBRARY,                 /* type of module */
  0,                          /* init priority */
  (STRPTR)lib_name,           /* module name */
  (STRPTR)lib_id + 6,
  (APTR)&amp;LibInitStruct,
  REVISION, NULL
};

AROS_UFH3 (LIBBASETYPEPTR, InitLib,
    AROS_UFHA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    AROS_UFHA(BPTR, seglist, A0),
    AROS_UFHA(struct ExecBase *, sysbase, A6)
    )
{
    AROS_USERFUNC_INIT
    
    Base-&gt;My_SegList = seglist;
    Base-&gt;My_SysBase = (APTR)sysbase;
    Base-&gt;testint = 0;
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;InitLib\n&quot;);
    
    if (!set_open_libraries())
    {
      set_close_libraries();
      return NULL;
    }
    
    return Base;
    
    AROS_USERFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH1(LIBBASETYPEPTR, LibOpen,
    AROS_LHA (ULONG, version, D0),
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 1, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibOpen\n&quot;);

    (void)version;
    
    Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt++;
    return Base;

    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
    
}

__saveds APTR LibExpungeInternal(LIBBASETYPE *Base reg(a6))
{
  USESYSBASE
  APTR seglist;
  bug(&quot;LibExpungeInternal\n&quot;);

  if (Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt)
  {
    return 0;
  }

  seglist = Base-&gt;My_SegList;

  Forbid();
  Remove((struct Node*)Base);
  Permit();
  FreeMem((APTR)Base - Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_NegSize, (LONG)Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_PosSize +
    (LONG)Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_NegSize);
  
  set_close_libraries();
  return seglist;
}

AROS_LH0(BPTR, LibClose,
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 2, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibClose\n&quot;);

    if (!(--Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt))
    {
      return LibExpungeInternal(Base);          
    }
    return 0;
	
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH1(BPTR, LibExpunge,
    AROS_LHA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    struct ExecBase *, sysBase, 3, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT

    (void)sysBase;
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibExpunge\n&quot;);

    return LibExpungeInternal(Base);
	
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH0(LIBBASETYPEPTR, LibReserved,
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 4, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibReserved\n&quot;);

    return 0;
    //return (APTR)LibReserved();
    
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}


// Space for your own functions
// do not forget to update the FuncTable as well

AROS_LH1(int, TestFunction,
    AROS_LHA(int, TestValue, D0),
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 5, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;TestFunction\n&quot;);

    Base-&gt;testint = TestValue + Base-&gt;testint;
    
    return Base-&gt;testint;
    
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

// Functable -&gt; Table of all functions in the Library, in right order - important!

const APTR FuncTable[] = 
{
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibOpen,LIBHEADNAME,1),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibClose,LIBHEADNAME,2),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibExpunge,LIBHEADNAME,3),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibReserved,LIBHEADNAME,4),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(TestFunction,LIBHEADNAME,5),
    (void *)-1
};

// AutoInit stuff
void *__PROGRAM_ENTRIES__symbol_set_handler_missing;
void *__LIBS__symbol_set_handler_missing;
// end of AutoInitStuff
&lt;/pre&gt;

Makefile
&lt;pre&gt;
VPATH = 
CFLAGS = -O2 -g -fomit-frame-pointer -W -Wall -Wno-parentheses
CC = i386-aros-gcc
LD = i386-aros-gcc
LDFLAGS = -nostartfiles -Wl,-Map -Xlinker linkermap
LIBS = -lautoinit -llibinit
STRIP = i386-aros-strip --strip-unneeded --remove-section .comment

OBJS = lib_header.o 

all: mytest.library

mytest.library: $(OBJS)
	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS) -o $@

lib_header.o: lib_header.c lib.h

clean:
	rm -f *.o *.library *.ppu testlibrary linkermap
&lt;/pre&gt;


Porting UNIX library to AROS - dealing with static variables which would make it easy to port such libraries to AROS, keeping the benefits of sharing them on disk, but losing the benefit of actually sharing them in memory.

Our problem arises by the fact we want to share the actual code (the .text section of the library) and constant data, but we need to have per-task .bss and .data sections. If we get rid of our intention to share the .text and .rodata sections, things get quite easy: just load and relocate the library whenever it's open, by whoever it's open. It's like statically linking the library into the executable, except that the final linking is done at runtime.

In the V0 branch, in workbench/hidds/hidd.nouveau was committed pcimock.hidd. This is a pci driver that allows mocking real PCI devices under linux-hosted. The main idea is to be able to run the real hardware driver under linux-hosted with as little changes as possible (some changes will always be needed though unless someone wants to write complete device simulator) so that driver's code paths can be executed and debugged using gdb. This was a very helpful capability when porting nouveau. Now it is externalized from nouveau.hidd and can be used by other people porting drivers. The pcimock.hidd can currently mock 4 different nvidia cards, 1 AGP bridge and also mock irq.hidd.

What's the difference between this driver and the pcilinux.hidd? I used that one to develop many different HW drivers for aros. As far as I understood the intention of pcilinux.hidd it is supposed to get access to real hardware that is running under linux. The pcimock.hidd goal is to mock the hardware. For example my dev box is a PCIE system, but I still would like to run the AGP codes paths in nouveau under linux-hosted to check if they don't seg fault. The other case would be to run codes paths for hardware that the developer does not have (Fermi cards in my case). In the case of pcimock.hidd, the AROS driver's code paths will execute as long as you add proper mocking (for example fill in PCI config area or values for registers in BARs). This is an advantage for ported drivers - the code should already work (since it worked on another system) but there might have been mistakes made during porting which can be detected easily with gdb.

In case you are writing your driver from scratch, pcilinux.hidd hidd will give you more advantage, since you can actually access the real hardware from linux-hosted.


== Misc ==

===APL, MPL, BSD, GPL and LGPL Licences===

The majority of AROS sources in licensed under AROS Public License ([http://aros.sourceforge.net/license.html APL]) which (to a degree) protects us from someone taking AROS sources and not contributing improvements back (for example MorphOS took some AROS source and then contributed changes back)

It is written to allow the use of AROS code in other open source or commercial projects without exception whilst providing a mechanism so that improvements/additions can find their way back to the original source in one form or another.

There are &quot;3rd&quot; party applications used by AROS that do not fall under this license, which are an extra &quot;Contrib&quot; download for convenience.

Anyone can port GPL-ed network and sound drivers as AROSTCP and AHI are GPLed. Direct using (porting) [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#GPLIncompatibleLibs GPL]-ed code in other parts of AROS (gfx, sata, usb) is not possible because AROS license is not compatible with GPL. You need to utilize permissive licensed code like BSD or MIT/X11.


BSD and MPL license are the closest to APL.

APL however is not so compatible with LGPL/GPL.

LGPL case - you cannot statically combine APL code with LGPL. You can, however thank to LGPL being &quot;lesser&quot; restrictive, use LGPL dynamically loaded libraries in APL codes.

GPL case - you cannot combine APL code with GPL in any way if there is no explicit clause by GPLed code authors allowing that. If you do combine APL with GPL in &quot;bad&quot; ways described above - you have a problem (you violate GPL). This problem might result in everything in AROS becoming GPL or everything running or AROS becoming GPL (here I'm not sure really). The other scenario is that you are not allowed to legally distribute such code at all. To be honest I have grasped how to violate GPL, but I'm still no exactly sure what happens when you violate it (but I'm sure it's not anything nice)

GPL software can run on top of non-GPL &quot;system components&quot; (see system components exception of GPL), but the other way around (non-GPL using GPL) leads to problems. This means applications like scout, or Quake III are ok (in the majority of cases).

Theres no reason GPL drivers cannot be ported - but they cant be in AROS's ROM (requires linking APL code with GPL), nor can AROS depend on them (e.g. they must use existing apis).
If they are launched (dynamically linked) by a user action that is allowed. It is also allowed to distribute such binaries together for convenience.

GPL is not about statical or dynamic linking but is about executing process and function calls.


These components - SFS, isapnp, Zune texteditor, AHi, network drivers, freetype, openuirl, BHFormat, Edit and (&quot; dynamically loaded libraries&quot;) are LGPL, not GPL. Mesa/Nouveau stuff is MIT. Some user tools are GPL though.

'''AROS (system)'''
* system components (libraries/classes/devices/etc) cannot be GPL as they would propagate GPL to complete system as well as GPL is not compatible with MPL from which APL is based 
* system components can be LGPL v2 or a permissive license (MIT/BSD)
* system applications can be anything you like (but still I would prefer APL or permissive so the code can be reused if needed)

'''Contrib:'''
* no rules - contrib does not impact AROS system since nothing in AROS system depends on contrib.

About stealing code: The chances of this happening is exactly the same whether we are APL or GPL. If any closed-source option wanted to do it, there is no one that can validate otherwise. MorphOS has used some AROS codes, but contributed changes back.

The rationale behind APL is that while it guarantees that the original developer will get the improvements back (to a certain degree - file based), the person who uses the codes does not have to open his original codes. BSD does not guarantee that the original developer gets improvements. GPL requires the person using the codes to open his codes as well.

The copyright holders needs to stay - we just need information from them that the codes are available under APL (for example a checked-in file like in case of Poseidon). We don't do transfer of copyrights.

; Ultimately what can and cannot be done is up to the author(s) - not the licence.

===AROS source code tree===

* http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-trunk.txt
* http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-contrib.txt


Found this interesting (non-GPL) licensing 'anomaly' - to keep in mind for distributors.

Programs that lose their license if sold (&quot;non-profit only&quot; licensed):
  contrib/aminet/comm/term/TinyTerminal
  contrib/aminet/dev/basic/bwBASIC
  contrib/aminet/text/edit/xdme
  contrib/fish/aroach
  contrib/fish/lotto
  contrib/fish/shuffle
  contrib/fish/touch
  + cdvdfs.


Here is a list of all the GPL/GPLv2/GPLv3 licenses fossology found, what have explicit licenses in their comments.


 excluded LGPL, BSD/GPL dual licensed and programs (such as Prefs/Edit and BHFormat)

&lt;pre&gt;
AROS/rom/dbus/include/  AFL_v2.1 ,GPL_v2+  (supposedly AFL &lt; 3 is GPL incompatible) 
AROS/workbench/classes/zune/betterstring/include/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/classes/zune/texteditor/include/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/classes/datatypes/gemimage/ GPL_v2+ GPL
AROS/workbench/classes/datatypes/degas/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/libs/openurl/README: GPL
AROS/workbench/network/smbfs/documentation/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/smbfs/source_code/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/kern/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/mmakefile.src conf.h  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/sys/  CMU ,GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/net/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/api/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/conf/conf.h: GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/netinclude/net/radix.h: CMU ,GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AHI/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AddAudioModes/ GPL_v2+  AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AddAudioModes/COPYING: GPL 
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/Docs/texinfo.tex: GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/COPYING: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/Drivers/EMU10kx/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AHI-Handler/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8029/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/pcnet32/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/ppp/LEGAL: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/atheros5000/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rhine/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/nForce/  GPL_v2+  GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/prism2/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/fec/LEGAL: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8139/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/etherlink3/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/intelpro100/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8169/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/emac/   GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8168/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/realtek8180/   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/via-rhine/via-rhine.c: GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/via-rhine/   GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/e1000/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/sis900/  GPL   GPL_v2+
&lt;/pre&gt;

AHI: it has special provisions (COPYING.DRIVERS). The library is LGPL, preferences software is GPL and drivers can be anything without breaking GPL/LGPL.

Network stack: well, we are long overdue for a new, IPv6 enabled network stack anyway, anyone interested? ;) Seriously though it seems like the glue code is GPL and as all the drivers. However some of the drivers are our own code, so they could be relicensed to LGPL.

 Same filter as the AROS trunk list. These should all be libraries or plugins - no programs.

&lt;pre&gt;
contrib/regina/utsname.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/mui/classes/nlist/include/default-align.h: GPL_v2+
contrib/mui/classes/nlist/include/amiga-align.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/mui/classes/BWins/include/MUI/BWin_mcc.h: GPL
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/include/BWin_private_mcc.h: GPL
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/COPYING: GPL_v2
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/MCC_BWins.readme: GPL_v2

contrib/mui/classes/thebar/include/default-align.h: GPL_v2+
contrib/mui/classes/thebar/include/amiga-align.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/LEGAL: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D.readme: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d.c: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d_opengl.h: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d_opengl.c: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/Wazp3D.h: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/Wazp3D.c: GPL

contrib/libs/mpega/  GPL_v2+
&lt;/pre&gt;

http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-contrib.txt

===Types===

On AROS following rules apply:
&lt;pre&gt; 
1. BYTE/UBYTE is 8bit, WORD/UWORD is 16bit, LONG/ULONG is 32bit, QUAD/UQUAD is 64bit, the types are comparable with stdint types (int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t)
2. IPTR/SIPTR are integer types large enough to fit pointer, that is sizeof(IPTR) = sizeof(APTR) = 4 on 32bit system, and = 8 on 64bit system
3. ti_Data in TagList is large enough to hold a IPTR/APTR type.
4. never store a pointer in integer of type LONG. It may work (if the pointer has upper 32bits clear), but does not have to. Compiler should warn you about that.
5. If you are unsure about point 4, allocate your memory with MEMF_31BIT flag set. But don't expect that AROS internals will do the same.
&lt;/pre&gt; 
point 4 is actually important.


* UBYTE/BYTE for 8bit
* UWORD/WORD for 16bit
* ULONG/LONG for 32bit
* UQUAD/QUAD for 64bit

&lt;pre&gt;
UBYTE    Unsigned 8 bit integer variable (byte).
BYTE     Signed 8 bit integer variable (byte).
UWORD    Unsigned 16 bit integer variable (word).
WORD     Signed 16 bit integer variable (word).
ULONG    Unsigned 32 bit integer variable (longword).
LONG     Signed 32 bit integer variable (longword).
FLOAT    32 bit IEEE floating point variable.
UQUAD    Unsigned 64 bit integer variable.
QUAD     Signed 64 bit integer variable.
DOUBLE   64bit IEEE floating point variable.
BOOL     Boolean variable, TRUE and FALSE are also defined in exec/types.h.
VOID     Void.

APTR     A generic pointer for multiple purposes - Arrays.
STRPTR   A pointer to a null-terminated string.
IPTR     Really important in AROS, the only way to declare a field that can contain both: an integer or a pointer.
&lt;/pre&gt;

if you want to write really portable app, you may be interested in standard datatypes defined in C99: int8_t, uint8_t, int16_t, uint16_t, int32_t, uint32_t, int64_t, uint64_t, intptr_t, uintptr_t. They are all defined in inttypes.h include file.

In exec/types.h the following short-cuts are typedef'd. They are used often in AROS, so you should nearly always include exec/types.h and soon only they will be removed from sys/_types.h include, all types are now defined in include files named aros/types/xxx.h.

(Preparation for C library split; sys/xxx.h include will only be available there when compiling with POSIX C library)


Compiler specific types, like int and long might change their size. In case of AROS, similar to linux, int remains 32 bit whereas long grows to 64 bits in size.

If you use Amiga-like data types, i.e. BYTE/UBYTE, WORD/UWORD, LONG/ULONG and QUAD/UQUAD or the C99 standard types (uint8_t and so on, see stdint.h include) then you should have less issues to solve than by using types without size guarantee.

Of course, all pointers grow to 64 bytes using 64bit cpu. Most of the code can be just recompiled and will work. In rare cases, where e.g. pointers are casted to integers, a special care must be taken. Especially in the cases, where pointer is casted to LONG/ULONG (this code will break on 64 bit AROS) e.g.  '#define IPTR ULONG'.

With compiler delint patches which the majority of them are simple casting issues to make the compiler happy. Notice some of the changes involve introducing double casts. In very recent versions of GCC. Yes, the bulk of the double casts are for converting 32 bit addresses (ie from a 32 bit PCI DMA address register) to a 64 bit pointer. First cast is to IPTR (to expand to 64 bits, and prevent sign extension if the address is above 0x7FFFFFFF), and then to APTR.

ULONG != IPTR except on 32bit .. so if you need to store pointers make sure and use IPTR and not ULONG (which some old code does). For this reason things like Taglist elements are 64bit (since the tag data can be a pointer). 
If your passing items on the stack you should use the STACKED attribute to make sure they are correctly aligned (on 64bit all items on the stack are 64bit..)

There is more issues like using &quot;== 0L&quot; causes problems.

===Endian===

*BE 
*LE

Use the macros from &lt;endian.h&gt; instead making a guess based upon architecture defines
 
&lt;pre&gt;
#if _BYTE_ORDER == _BIG_ENDIAN

#elif _BYTE_ORDER == _LITTLE_ENDIAN

#else
+
#error &lt;whatever.h&gt; - Byte order for this architecture is unsupported! 
&lt;/pre&gt;


===SVN and GIT===

If you want to help develop AROS OS itself, you can 

* view current GIT/SVN entries [http://aros.sourceforge.net/ Aros Org website] or [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Github], [https://github.com/ezrec older ezrec mirror], [https://github.com/michalsc/AROS/ older mirror], [https://trac.aros.org/trac/timeline TRAC], [], 
* awaiting update [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git git repo], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/commits ohloh] or [https://svn.aros.org/svn/aros/trunk/ svn repo] and access [Git version git://repo.or.cz/AROS.git here], 
* deprecated [https://www.gitorious.org/aros/aros/commit/a7fda9e ARIX commits] or [https://gitorious.org/aros/aros GIT old]

If you have SVN access (early 2015 introduced a new SVN server, create a new account at trac aros org) and/or have obtained the source [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php AROS site] - you can compile the current build tools/environment using: 

 &gt; make development

and follow this [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php#building procedure] or [https://github.com/apiraino/aros_guide Guide] 


https://trac.aros.org/trac#Developing

If you plan on contributing back changes, please post information about such changes first on this [http://mail.aros.org/mailman/listinfo/aros-dev/ mailing list] for more experience developers can validate whether they are correct.


Then there are the nightly build machines. They svn update before the build and run configure as one of the next steps. autoconf might be added to the nightly build scripts.

Our build relies on packages downloaded from Internet (SDL for example) - it always worked this way. The minimal requirement (when just building core AROS) is binutils and gcc. If you build contrib as well, you need many more packages to be downloaded.

https://gitorious.org/aros/aros/commits/crosstools-II

git://gitorious.org/aros/aros.git

Branch crosstools-II there is only one commit on top of ABI_V1 
&lt;pre&gt;
../../aros-src/AROS/configure --enable-ccache
--with-portssources=~/aros/Sources --target=pc-x86_64
--with-aros-toolchain-install=/home/weissms/media/data/aros/test/crosstools/pc-x86_64
&lt;/pre&gt;
and
&lt;pre&gt;
../../aros-src/AROS/configure --enable-ccache
--with-portssources=~/aros/Sources --target=pc-i386
--with-aros-toolchain-install=/home/weissms/media/data/aros/test/crosstools/pc-i386
&lt;/pre&gt;
build OK.


:''More information: [[Aros/Developer/Maintainer|AROS Maintainer Docs]]''

===SDI Calls===

Integrate the 'SDI'-headers to allow easier porting to all amiga-like platforms.

&lt;pre&gt;
PUTCHARPROTO( PutTheChar, char c, struct SPrintfStream *s  )
{
 // REAL CODE
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

have &quot;SDI_compiler.h&quot; and &quot;SDI_hook.h&quot; included

its more organized like

 #include SDI/SDI_hook.h

than

 #include SDI_hook.h

option 1 --- i also use when back porting from amiga's..

&lt;pre&gt;
#ifdef __AROS__
#include SDI/SDI_hook.h
#else
#include SDI_hook.h
#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

also

you can add the -i include/sdi/ location if you do not want to add or edit any files.


Defining HOOKPROTO to IPTR name(struct IClass * cl, Object * obj, Msg msg); solved the problem

A MUI application most likely needs only the HOOKPROTOxxx SDI macros. They are compatible with AROS, only the attributes (hook, object attribute) must be given in the right order. examine compiler/include/aros/symbolsets.h (AROS_LIBREQ)

compiling mui stuff for aros setting -std=gnu99 is necessary (i have had -std=c99 most of the time).

===Locale with Flexcat===

Most languages have a locale, but not every app is localized, the only thing needed is to translate the &quot;catalog&quot; files. It is a case of locating the correct catalog and saving the translated version.

For every app that lacks of your language catalog and is localized anyway, you should find (in the sources) files related to locale:

* file.cd = catalog descriptor, contains base msg, with internal language (usually english)
* language.ct = catalog translation, contains every translated msg, indexed as in the file.cd.

Compare with other localized apps... Then, &quot;make my_app-catalogs&quot; should create and install your translated catalogs. ex : for, saying, sys:prefs/wanderer:

on root of AROS sources, type:
 &quot;make workbench-prefs-wanderer-catalogs&quot;
then (if you changed the .cd file):
 &quot;make workbench-prefs-wanderer&quot;

For apps not localized, you have to adapt their code to support it, if it is possible...

noticed the original .cd file has many (//) strings at the end of any voice, so added them also to the .ct file. 
That (//) is only for cd files. I'm highly recommending to use FlexCat for updating ct files, e.g. like this:

 flexcat app.cd deutsch.ct newctfile deutsch.ct

You'll get error checking and new entries are marked in the resulting ct file.

When editing .ct files, only change those lines containing translation and perhaps version string, nothing else.
The rest is up to the relevant tool, flexcat. In order to update your translation, type in the following in your shell:

 flexcat xyz.cd xyz.ct NEWCTFILE xyz_upd.ct COPYMSGNEW

This way you will not only make sure you have correct translation file but flexcat also pre-fills newly added strings with &quot;*** NEW *** text. Even better tool for checking cd/ct/catalog files is catcheck, but this one is sadly only available for AmigaOS/68k...

Some languages have variations, like portugues from portugal and portugues from brasil differs...

This is the way to go. I will have a look at language files, but basically if those two languages differ you have to do two separated set of translation files, yes.
(you could create a brazilian slang language localization too)

* At system level localization for one language is a dot language file.
(ex: locale:languages/klingon.language)

* At app level localization is a dot catalog file
(ex: locale:catalogs/klingon/system/libs/dos.catalog)

* At sources level, the dot ct file, and &quot;$language&quot; dot cd files and some building framework.
(ex: catalogs/my_app.ct catalogs/klingon.cd catalogs/mmakefile.src support.c support.h)

Please, use Flexcat to generate CT files: 
 FlexCat wanderer.cd NEWCTFILE=deutsch.ct

Then fill the first 2 lines with something useful:
&lt;pre&gt;
## version $VER: wanderer.catalog 1.1 (9.2.2006)
## language deutsch
&lt;/pre&gt;

You can even update the CT-File: (This adds the new strings)
 FlexCat wanderer.cd deutsch.ct NEWCTFILE=deutsch.ct


To compile a catalog you only need the .cd file and your translation (.ct file):
 FlexCat multiview.cd deutsch.ct CATALOG=MultiView.catalog


[http://murks-ide.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/murks-ide/trunk/src/Catalogs/flexcat_linux?revision=100 Linux version of FlexCat]

: [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/app-dev/localization.php#localization-for-non-developers More information]


A script which compares the required version (i.e. the version which an application/module etc. tries to open) with the version of the existing CT files. The result is in this table:

https://github.com/aros-translation-team/translations/wiki/Progress

The following cases are highlighted:

    n/a i.e. CT misses at all
    version in existing CT file is lower than the required version


It might be a bit difficult to participate if you haven't worked with Git before but alternatively you can send your CT files to our Slack channel.

When the ct file has been generated via flexcat (flexcat keyshow.cd NEWCTFILE=spanish.ct) it has the following header:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## version $VER: &lt;name&gt;.catalog &lt;ver&gt;.&lt;rev&gt; (04.01.2021)
## language nolanguage
## codeset 0
;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Those values &lt;ver&gt;.&lt;rev&gt; are the version and revision of the CT file for the languaje or are the values of the application being localized?

The &lt;ver&gt; part must match with version which the application tries to open. You can find the value either in the column &quot;Required Version&quot; in the table which I've linked above, our you can look in the git repository. For keyshow it would be https://github.com/aros-translation-team/keyshow. You can find in the file &quot;catalog_version.h&quot; the right version number.
The &lt;rev&gt; part starts for new CT files with 0 and should be increased every time the CT file is updated.

Updated several files and created a few more that were missing on the spanish catalog.

The catalogs are in Git repositories at https://github.com/aros-translation-team

a) You tell me your Github user name. I'll invite you. You can work directly with the Git repositories.

b) You create Github forks of the catalog repositories and create pull requests.

c) You send the CT files to mrustler  gmx de


===C Utils Misc===

The AROS source uses at several places the __DATE__ macro to fill the date entry of a $VER tag. Problem is that c:version doesn't understand that date format (e.g. &quot;May 21, 2011&quot;). As a result the output of e.g.
&gt; &quot;version c:shell full&quot; contains &quot;(null)&quot;. Is extending the version command to understand the format of __DATE__  the right solution for that problem?

AmigaOs compilers should use __AMIGADATE__ macro or similar form, if it isn't implemented it could be emulated in makefile: -D__AMIGADATE__=\&quot;$(shell date &quot;+%d.%m.%Y&quot;)\&quot;

BTW. I think DD.MM.YYYY is better format than &quot;Month DD YYY&quot; because &quot;Month DD YYY&quot; is not localized in any way.

&quot;strnicmp&quot; shouldn't work with NULL pointers

The Situation:

compiled a linklib using c++ object files (using the c++ cross compiler).
compiled a C stub that uses the linklib (using the c++ cross compiler).

Try to link them together (using the c++ cross compiler) with C object
files (using the normal target c compiler) that need to use -nostartup
= cant do because using the c++ files pulls in arosc (for stdio etc) -
so wants to have the autoinit stuff present.

What can I do about this??

If it is possible to manually open it then what do I need to do exactly?

=== ENV ===

The philosophy behind ENV: is that keeping configuration files there allows you to  'Use'  preferences  by  keeping  a copy in ENVARC: intact. However in some cases (like this one) it is not required.

99% of the time that statement is true (not required) for pretty much every file in ENV: or do people change their default icons - and prefs settings - every boot?

There seem to be a bad habit of late with developers changing things to reflect their own personal preference when the change isn't actually necessary - It would be nice if people could refrain from doing that in the tree without at least discussing it on the dev-list first (and with good reasoning unless they commited said work in the first place..)

We're not keen on the pollution of the &quot;S:&quot; dir: it's meant to be for scripts. What's wrong with &quot;ENV:&quot;?
Only the fact that it takes up RAM. I  understand  that  for  PCs  with  several gigabytes of RAM this is
irrelevant. But let's remember about other machines. The philosophy behind ENV: is that keeping configuration files there allows you to  'Use'  preferences  by  keeping  a copy in ENVARC: intact.

However in some cases (like this one) it is not required.

How about implementing in the style of HappyENV then? RAM-disk handler that falls through to reading from ENVARC: if there is no such file stored in it already. Removes RAM usage for unchanged files, removes the need to copy ENVARC to ENV in startup-sequence. 
Shouldn't be too hard to make from AmberRAM, or even just extend AmberRAM to provide this service.

Is it feasable to build a special version of AmberRAM handling ENV: that will try and copy the requested file from ENVARC: if it isnt found in ENV: ? 
Additionaly it could mark closed &quot;files&quot; as untouched - and expunge them from ENV: after a period of time to free up additional RAM:, or when the system is running low on free memory?

Silenty disappearing files may not be a good plan. Would be nice if the following would work:

ASSIGN :ENV SYS:Prefs/Env-Arc ADD
ASSIGN :ENV RAM:ENV  ADD

Where new files put in ENV: end up in RAM:ENV, and opening files looks in RAM:ENV first, then SYS:Prefs/Env-Arc

Well - that's essentially what im proposing but without the assigns - or need for a RAM:ENV directory. 
Adding it as a feature of AmberRAM sounds like the most memory efficient way (one handler to load in RAM) but that's only if it is possible to make it handle ENV: additionaly to RAM:, and if it is even possible to add the proposed functionality (...and how to make it enable it when accessing ENV:).

===(AS)MP support===

If one has to recompile software for SMP multi core, is there any thing special one has to do to get software to run?   
Use task.resource if you need to query information about what tasks are running, and clear msgports completely when they are allocated.

Most code should not need Forbid. Use Semaphores, Messages etc to sync your own code. 

Accessing system structures is a different thing. Use the proper API whenever possible.

How single structures will be protected in the future is still a moving target, at least it is not documented. And you should never  use undocumented stuff  


Ideas on for SMP multi-core

Another suggestion is ... Forbid/Permit function calls are meant to halt multitasking so as no other task could intervene with what ever the calling task is doing, e.g. setting semaphores. Disable/Enable calls are meant to halt interrupts and as a side effect they also halt task switching.

One option is to make it compulsory to protect shared resources with semaphores and forbid the use of simple Forbid() calls as to protect something. Setting semaphore should be done if possible with atomic instructions (check and alter in one instruction). Or make the second concurrent ObtainSemaphore call halt the second calling task and force if possible a task switch which ever gives better results. 

Semaphores could store the owning tasks task pointer instead of boolean to make things easier.

As long as the CPU initiates the DMA transfers through the OS, and the OS ensures that the transferred memory is within the region accessible to the user initiating the transfer, everything is fine. The CPU is the conductor, and the CPU by that has the control of which DMA transfer is initiated and which is not.
All you need to do is to write device drivers reasonable. Hint: CachePreDMA and CachePostDMA exist.
All the Os has to do is to verify that the memory regions to be transferred are valid, and prohibit direct access to the DMA control registers from user space. None of these algorithms imply huge costs.
The current OS design doesn't really allow virtual memory in first place, Forbid() is again the problem.

[http://www.tbs-software.com/guide/index.php?guide=autodocs.doc%2Fmemory.doc&amp;node=1 memory.library API] seem to low level. IMHO the programs should not know how the swapping is implemented. I would just go for one new memory flag
MEMF_SWAPPABLE that indicates that a certain memory region or a whole memory pool won't be accessed during Forbid()/Permit() etc. It only solves part of the problem, it only implements virtual memory and not memory protection. For the latter you need to be able make certain memory inaccessible by other programs, some memory read-only for one task and read-write for other tasks, etc. And I think this should be done in the same Address Space in order to avoid you constantly need to swap between different address spaces. 
So to summarize, if there are programs using this API we may provide a wrapper layer to get them working but I am not convinced this API should be the reference API with whom to provide VM to AROS programs.

=== Variadic ===

variadic functions (i.e. functions with an arbitrary amount of arguments).

&lt;pre&gt;
    #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;
    [...]

    char * STDARGS GetKeyWord(int value, char *def, ...)
    {
        [...]
        va_list va;
        [...]
        va_start(va, def);
        [...]
        va_end (args);

&lt;/pre&gt;

Please keep with using stdarg rather than having va casted to a LONG * type and varargs handled manually. Doing so, prevents tons of casting, where a simple va_arg can be used. So, string = *((char **) args) instead of string=va_arg(va, char *).

&lt;pre&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;

int printf (const char * format, ...)

{
    int     retval;
    va_list args;

    va_start (args, format);

    retval = vfprintf (stdout, format, args);

    va_end (args);

    fflush (stdout);

    return retval;
} /* printf */
&lt;/pre&gt;

Couldn't find varargs.h or stdarg.h. and have no use for AROS_SLOWSTACKHOOKS or AROS_SLOWSTACKTAGS.

GCC looks for stdarg.h in a different place: 
 /bin/linux-i386/tools/lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/include/stdarg.h

Here is a path for a &quot;normal&quot; header:
 bin/linux-i386/tools/lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/../../../../i386-aros/sys-include/aros/system.h


The use of vararg.h isn't supported by newer gcc versions. If you want your code to run on architectures that pass part of variadic arguments in a number of registers you need to use AROS_SLOWSTACK macros. Otherwise your program will not work on powerpc and x86_64 ports.

Of course the SLOWSTACK stuff is not needed in a function that can use va_list, va_start, va_arg and va_end. It's only needed if you want to write functions like DoMethod or similar.

 #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;

should be enough no matter if you do cross or native compiling. If it does not work, something is wrong and should be corrected.

Stdarg.h is here, Development:lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/include/

...which is part of the compiler's default include paths. In other words, #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt; works out of the box, indeed. (sorry, I should have just tried it before invoking &quot;search&quot; or &quot;find&quot;...)

furthermore, myprintf() as shown above won't work, because...

 printf(format, args);

...is wrong - the second argument does not match printf() prototype, it expects a argument list, but args is of type va_list (obviously) - so one has to use...

 vfprintf(stdout, format, args);

...instead, just like in the original printf(), and add fflush(stdout).

additionally, one could use...

 int myarg = va_arg(args, int);

...between va_start() and va_end() to access individual arguments, where each call to va_arg() returns an argument casted to the desired type (here: &quot;int&quot;) from the list given (here: &quot;args&quot;) and advances to the next one.

wrapping up vfprintf() and modifying the format string now is a major speedup! no more backslash-n typing! this has been haunting me for years!

On MOS and AmigaOS, the NewObject variadic function is kept in the static library. It takes most of the parameters on the stack - thanks to that the implementation of NewObject calls the NewObjectA function. Everything works perfect, and the typical MUI macros may be easily used.

This, however, is not the case when you compile for AROS. Here, NewObject is a variadic macro, not a function. Thanks such approach we do not need any custom compiler in case of systems, where the arguments of variadic functions are passed partially through registers and partially through the stack (This is the case of PPC and x86_64, this is also the reason why both OS4 and MOS require specially patched compilers).

Since NewObject is a macro, the gcc's preprocessor expects the list of macros arguments enclosed within parentheses. In MUI macros it is not the case. Imagine the following test code:

&lt;pre&gt;
#define foo(a,b) ((a)+(b))

int loosy_function(int a, int b)
{
    return foo(a,b);
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

This will compile and work, but the following piece of code:

&lt;pre&gt;
#define foo(a,b) ((a)+(b))
#define END )

int loosy_function(int a, int b)
{
    return foo(a,b END;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

will fail with the error: unterminated argument list invoking macro &quot;foo&quot;

There are two ways of fixing your issue. Either create your new objects outside this huge MUI constructions, and in there use just a pointer, or get rid of the &quot;End&quot; macro and exchange it with &quot;TAG_DONE)&quot;.


Badly written software is, for example, casting va_list to an APTR or even doing so as if va_list were a plain table of function arguments. Such code needs to be fixed because it has very few chances to work anywhere but on author's machine ;)

The problem is nOt that they assume sizeof(APTR) == 4, its that they often do not use APTR, and use ULONG to store pointers exclusively. If the code used APTR/IPTR as it should - most of the &quot;problems&quot; wouldn't exist.

It would also help if people would start using variadic arguments properly. Many coders do assumptions which shall never be made. Instead, they should consider using stdarg.h file and all the va_* functions :)

===ABI===

In the head of our SVN repository there are now only 3 directories:

&lt;pre&gt;
admin/
branches/
trunk/
&lt;/pre&gt;

We have added two extra dirs there: tags and imports

As discussed when we branch ABI V0 and [[Aros/Developer/ABIv1|ABI V1]] it would also be good to introduce tags. Normally this is done in a directory in the repository called tags. Currently we don't have this directory there. (We do have branches/tags that is a hack I have done because one doesn't have write access in the top directory. I think this directory is not clean and should be removed).

The second directory I would introduce is an imports directory for implementing vendor branches as discussed in the svn [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/svn.advanced.vendorbr.html book]. Currently we use code from several different projects and that code is stored inside the AROS tree; we seem to have problems with keeping this code up to date and merge our changes upstream. Maintainers of up stream projects like the MUI classes etc. have complained about this (to put it lightly).

Introducing these vendor branches would make it easier to see what changes we have made and make patches to be sent upstream and make it easier to import newer upstream versions of their code. Although can't &quot;copy&quot; the vendor branch into the main branch because it's already there, so start with a &quot;merge&quot;.

Yes, the first step to make the code already in the repository compatible with the vendor branches will be the most difficult. The best way to do it the following way:

* first import the version on which the current AROS code is based into the vendor branch
* then import the new version over it in the vendor branch
* finally merge the difference between these two version in the AROS code present in the repository.

For example, place NList directly under vendor and not in a subdirectory like &quot;contrib/zune/classes&quot;.

Actually after we have a stable [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/specifications/drafts/abiv1.php ABIv1 (2012 or later)]. We need to move away as much as possible from the contrib directory to some other repositories. The reasons are ...

* The AROS repository should be for the core AROS code.
* other contrib projects should be tried to be compiled for all Amiga-like OSes.
* The release scheme for AROS and the other programs should not have to be aligned.
* Binary versions should be provided on aros-archives and on aminet and/or OS4Depot to install them. (Some clever programs should maybe be provided to make the life of distribution developers easier). 
* avoid parallel forks of programs for AROS and the other amiga OSes.

If there is really a need for a place for hosting AROS projects we may investigate setting up such a server but then including bug tracking, governance, maillist, etc. for each project separately. I personally think there are already enough places like sourceforge, google code, savannah, etc. where people can go for hosting such projects.

==Links==

* http://amigadocs.hokstad.com
* http://amigadocs.hokstad.com/doku.php?id=dev-links
* http://www.liquido2.com/tutorial/index.html
* Amiga(TM) OS4 has a [http://www.ast-workshops.co.uk/os4pg/ workshop] page and hope to produce a [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=31117&amp;forum=42#549091 book] soon. [http://www.solie.ca/articles/map/map.html Brief Guide].

 In the future...?
*AROS 64bit - SMP, Vulkan with OpenGL compability layer
*AROS 32bit - keep for historic reasons 

What would you like to see implemented in AROS?
ABIv1 completed, SMP (x86_64),  SendMsg()/GetMsg() to support memory protection between target and destination, in that order.   Michal Schulz and Jason McMullan have been toying with the question &quot;What are the minimal changes needed to the AmigaOS 3.1 API to support SMP&quot;?  The answer so far seems to be &quot;few, but subtle&quot;.  For example, SysBase-&gt;ThisTask is no longer meaningful on SMP, but FindTask(NULL) is.  Disable() and Forbid() are shockingly bad on performance, but adding a spinlock semaphore mode to SignalSemaphore will help new code on SMP.  

Leveraging a 'common' OS with a lot of machine support (Linux, MacOS, Windows, QNX, etc) is something that AROS has been doing for quite a long time, and it is the biggest strength of AROS. This AROS experience and programming model, in the same way the Google's Android layers on top of Linux, or MacOS X layers on top of the Darwin/BSD kernel, as a first step 

* The graphics + layers subsystem could be implemented as a shim on top of a OpenGL ES implementation (ie on any modern Linux system, or the RaspberryPI's hardware, MacOS X, etc). 
  - This also allows every window to be on its own 3D surface with backing store, allowing Wanderer (or a Commodity)
rearrange/zoom/animate app windows without having to send a pile or refreshes to them

* Use OpenAL as the sound backend
* AROSTCP would be a thin layer over the native OS's TCP/IP stack
* dos.library, poseidon.library, and input.device would be slim shims over the native APIs
* If we move to loading all libraries' into the application's task space, instead of a single global instance of the library, this will allow SMP and MMU more easily. 
  - Yes, it will require a lot of work in the libraries to make this transition
  - Yes, I do think it will be worth it in the end.

* A 'fat binary' install format (or, maybe LLVM bytecode) that can be 'flattend' to the target architecture on installation.

So, what would this 'AROS of the future' look like?

* AmigaOS 3.x style API, with certain 'fundamental changes' to message passing
* Uses the underlying OS' device drivers, so more AROS developer effort can go to user-visible features and bugfixes 
* Allows AROS applications to run side-by-side with the OS's native apps


And why would anyone want to program on such a system?

* AROS applications would run on any system that has the AROS Framework installed
* AROS applications are pixel-for-pixel the same on all platforms. 
* Develop with the knowledge that you are guaranteed OpenGL and OpenAL, and the rest of the AROS Framework

an option for mmake to dump its dependency of metatarget in a graphviz[*] input file. This should make it possible to visualize the dependencies and hopefully be inspiration for cleaning up some mess, circular or unneeded dependencies and so on.


&lt;pre&gt;

Content-Type: text/html scalosgfx.library

    ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC
    ScalosGfxCreateSAC
    ScalosGfxFreeSAC
    ScalosGfxCreateARGB
    ScalosGfxFreeARGB
    ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha
    ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask
    ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap
    ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap
    ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap
    ScalosGfxMedianCut
    ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray
    ScalosGfxScaleBitMap
    ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect
    ScalosGfxBlitARGB
    ScalosGfxFillRectARGB
    ScalosGfxSetARGB
    ScalosGfxNewColorMap
    ScalosGfxARGBRectMult
    ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha
    ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList
    ScalosGfxBlitIcon


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC -- Allocate an empty ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	sac = ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC( )
        	D0

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC( void );

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates an empty ScalosBitMapAndColor structure, with NULL
            sca_BitMap and sac_ColorTable.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            sac - new created ScalosBitMapAndColor, or NULL on failure

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxFreeSAC(), ScalosGfxCreateSAC()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateSAC -- Allocate ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	sac = ScalosGfxCreateSAC(width, height, depth, friendBM, tagList);
        	D0                       D0     D1      D2     A0        A1

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxCreateSAC(ULONG, ULONG, ULONG,
        		struct BitMap *, struct TagItem *)

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxCreateSACTags(ULONG, ULONG, ULONG,
        		struct BitMap *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocate a ScalosBitMapAndColor structure. sac_BitMap and sac_ColorTable
            are allocated according to specified dimensions.

        INPUTS
            width - Desired width of new ScalosBitMapAndColor BitMap.
            height - Desired height of new ScalosBitMapAndColor BitMap.
            depth - Desired depth of new ScalosBitMapAndColor BitMap. Must be less
            than 256. sac_ColorTable will be allocated to hold 2^depth entries.
            friendBM - Friend BitMap to use for BitMap allocation.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            None defined yet.

        RESULT
            sac - new created ScalosBitMapAndColor, or NULL on failure

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxFreeSAC(), ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFreeSAC -- free a previously allocated ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFreeSAC(sac);
        	                A0

        	void ScalosGfxFreeSAC((struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Frees and deallocates a previously allocated ScalosBitMapAndColor,
            including sac_BitMap and sac_ColorTable.

        INPUTS
            sac - previously allocated ScalosBitMapAndColor, or NULL

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxCreateSAC(), ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateARGB -- Allocate a gfxARGB with specified size

        SYNOPSIS

        	argb = ScalosGfxCreateARGB(width, height, tagList)
        	D0                         D0     D1      A0

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxCreateARGB(ULONG, ULONG, struct TagItem *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates an array of struct gfxARGB with sufficient size for
            specified width and height.

        INPUTS
            width - width of gfxARGB array
            height - height of gfxARGB array
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            None defined yet.

        RESULT
            argb - new allocated gfxARGB, or NULL on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFreeARGB -- Free a previously allocated gfxARGB

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFreeARGB(argb)
        	D0                A0

        	VOID ScalosGfxFreeARGB(struct gfxARGB **)

         
        FUNCTION

        INPUTS
            argb - pointer to storage of previously allocated gfxARGB.
            argb may point to NULL.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxCreateARGB()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha -- Set all pixels to specified Alpha value.

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha(src, alpha);
        			      A0   D0

        	VOID ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha(struct ARGBHeader *, UBYTE)

         
        FUNCTION
            Alpha value of all pixels in the ARGBHeader and its previously
            allocated gfxARGB array is set to the specified value.

        INPUTS
            src - Header of gfxARGB rectangle to modify.
            alpha - Alpha (transparency) value to set.

        RESULT

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask -- Set alpha value according to mask plane

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask(argbh, maskPlane)
        				  A0     A1

        	VOID ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask(struct ARGBHeader *, PLANEPTR)

         
        FUNCTION
            Alpha values of all pixels in the ARGBHeader and its previously
            allocated gfxARGB array are set according to mask plane, i.e. for
            every bit set in mask plane, alpha is maximum (255), and for every
            cleared bit, alpha is set to minimum (0).

        INPUTS
            argbh - Header of gfxARGB rectangle to modify.
            maskPlane - Single bit mask plane. Dimensions must match size of argbh, with
            width rounded up to next 16-bit.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap -- Create gfxARGB array from a BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	argb = ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap(bm, width, height, numberOfColors, colorTable, maskPlane
        	D0                                   A0  D0     D1      D2              A1          A2

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap(struct BitMap *, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG,
        		const ULONG *, PLANEPTR)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates and a gfxARGB array with specified dimensions, and fills it from
            provided BitMap, with optional mask plane. Works only with standard BitMaps with
            less than 256 colors.

        INPUTS
            bm - source BitMap to fill gfxARGB array from,
            Depth must be less than 256 colors.
            width - Width of gfxARGB array
            height - Height of gfxARGB array
            numberOfColors - number of entries in colorTable
            colorTable - Color table to use for BitMap
            maskPlane - Single bit mask plane. Dimensions must match width and
            height, with width rounded up to next 16-bit. May be NULL.
        RESULT
            argb - allocated gfxARGB array or NULL on failure.

            NOTES
            Use ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap() for high-color or true-color BitMaps.

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap -- Fill previously allocated gfxARGB array from CGFX BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap(argbh, srcBM, maskPlane)
        				    A0     A1     A2

        	VOID ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap(struct ARGBHeader *, struct BitMap *, PLANEPTR)

         
        FUNCTION
            Fill a previously allocated gfxARGB array from a CyberGraphics BitMap. Can only
            be used for high-color or true-color BitMaps.
            If maskPlane if given, alpha information in argbh is created from maskPlane. If
            maskPlane if NULL, alpha channel from source BitMap is used if available,
            otherwise alpha is set to opaque.

        INPUTS
            argbh - completely initialized gfxARGB array
            srcBM - source BitMap to use for filling, depth must be at least 65536 colors
            maskPlane - Single bit mask plane. Dimensions must match width and height, with
            width rounded up to next 16-bit. May be NULL.
        RESULT
            nothing

            NOTES
            Use ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha() for standard BitMaps (i.e. less than 256 colors).

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap -- Copy gfxARGB array to BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap(argbh, bm, numberOfColors, colorTable)
        				   A0     A1  D0              A2)

        	VOID ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap(struct ARGBHeader *, struct BitMap *, ULONG, const ULONG *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Creates a copy of gfxARGB array in destination BitMap,
            using pre-defined colorTable. Works only with standard BitMaps, i.e. with
            less than 256 colors. No sophisticated color reduction is performed, but
            bit-fit pens are decided via FindBestPen().

        INPUTS
            argbh - gfxARGB array to read from
            bm - Standard BitMap to write to. BitMap must
            have less than 256 colors.
            numberOfColors - Number of entries in colorTable
            colorTable - color table to use for BitMap.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxMedianCut -- Create color-reduced BitMap from gfxARGB array

        SYNOPSIS

        	sac = ScalosGfxMedianCut(argbh, depth, tagList)
        	D0                       A0     D0     A1

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxMedianCut(struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG, struct TagItem *)

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxMedianCutTags(struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocate and fill a color-reduced BitMap and a best-match color table from gfxARGB array.
            Either ordered dithering or Floyd-Steinberg dithering will be used for best results.

        INPUTS
            argbh - gfxARGB array to read from
            depth - desired depth of generated BitMap, must be less than 256.
            tagList - array of tagItems, as desribed below, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_MedianCutFlags - Flags as described below.
            SCALOSGFX_MedianCutFriendBitMap - struct BitMap *, friend BitMap to use
            for allocating result BitMap
            SCALOSGFX_MedianCutReservedColors - ULONG, number of reserved (unused) color
            entries at start of generated color table.

            FLAGS
            SCALOSGFXFLAGF_MedianCut_FloydSteinberg - If set, Floyd-Steinberg dithering
            will be used for color reduction.

        RESULT
            sac - created ScalosBitMapAndColor pointer, or NULL on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray -- Scale given gfxARGB array

        SYNOPSIS

        	argb = ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray(src, destWidth, destHeight, tagList)
        	D0                             A0   A1         A2          A3

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray(const struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG *,
        		ULONG *, struct TagItem *)

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxScaleARGBArrayTags(const struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG *,
        		ULONG *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Scales given gfxARGB array to a new size. Supports both enlarging and shrinking
            gfxARGB arrays.

        INPUTS
            src - source gfxARGB array, will not be modified
            destWidth - desired width, might be internally corrected
            if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            destHeight - desired height, might be internally corrected
            if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_ScaleARGBArrayFlags - ULONG, specify some operation flags as listed below.

            FLAGS
            SCALEFLAGF_BICUBIC - allow bicubic scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_BILINEAR - allow bilinear scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_AVERAGE - allow average scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_DOUBLESIZE - allow intermediate step via double size, to improve quality
            SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT - allow correction of destWidth and destHeight to
            meet source aspect ratio.

        RESULT
            argb - Scaled copy of the source gfxARGB array

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxScaleBitMap -- Scale given BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	bm = ScalosGfxScaleBitMap(sbma, tagList)
        	D0                        A0    A1

        	struct BitMap *ScalosGfxScaleBitMap(struct ScaleBitMapArg *, struct TagItem *)

        	struct BitMap *ScalosGfxScaleBitMapTags(struct ScaleBitMapArg *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Scales given gfxARGB array to a new size. Supports both enlarging and shrinking
            gfxARGB arrays.
        INPUTS
            sbma - Structure with scaling parameters:
            sbma_SourceBM - The original BitMap. This BitMap is not modified.
            sbma_SourceWidth - Width of the source BitMap.
            sbma_SourceHeight - Height of the source BitMap
            sbma_DestWidth - Pointer to Width of resized BitMap, might be internally
            corrected if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            sbma_DestHeight - Pointer to Height of resized BitMap, might be internally
            corrected if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            sbma_NumberOfColors - number of entries in color table
            sbma_ColorTable - Color table for both source and resized BitMap.
            sbma_Flags - scaling flags:
            SCALEFLAGF_BICUBIC - allow bicubic scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_BILINEAR - allow bilinear scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_AVERAGE - allow average scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_DOUBLESIZE - allow intermediate scaling step with
            double size, to improve quality
            SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT - allow correction of destWidth and
            destHeight to meet source aspect ratio.
            sbma_ScreenBM - Firend BitMap used when allocating resized BitMap.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            none defined yet.

        RESULT
            bm - Scaled copy of the original BitMap

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect -- Adjust scaling dimensions to source aspect

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, *destWidth, *destHeight)
        				      D0           D1            A0          A1

        	VOID ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect(ULONG, ULONG, ULONG *, ULONG *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Adjusts either destWidth or destHeight according to aspect ratio of
            sourceWidth and soureHeight.

        INPUTS
            sourceWidth - Unscaled width.
            sourceHeight - Unscaled Height;
            destWidth - Pointer to desired scaled width.
            destHeight - Pointer to desired scaled width.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitARGB -- Blit rectangle between two gfxARGB array rectangles.

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitARGB(destARGB, srcARGB, destLeft, destTop, srcLeft, srcTop, width, height)
        			  A0        A1       D0        D1       D2       D3      D4     D5

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGB(struct ARGBHeader *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blits user-defined rectangle from srcARGB at specified position into destARGB.
            No alpha handling is performed, destination pixel values are simply
            replaced by source pixels.

        INPUTS
            destARGB - destination gfxARGB array
            srcARGB - source gfxARGB array
            destLeft - Left start position in destARGB.
            destTop - Top start position in destARGB.
            srcLeft - Left start position in srcARGB.
            srcTop - Top start position in srcARGB.
            width - Width of blitted rectangle.
            height - Height of blitted rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFillRectARGB -- Blit two gfxARGB array rectangles

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFillRectARGB(destARGB, fillARGB, left, top, width, height)
        			      A0        A1        D0    D1   D2     D3

        	VOID ScalosGfxFillRectARGB(struct ARGBHeader *, const struct gfxARGB *,
        		LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blits fillARGB at specified position into destARGB. No alpha handling is
            performed, destination pixel values are just replaced by source pixels.
            Blit always starts at (0,0) in fillARGB.

        INPUTS
            destARGB - destination gfxARGB array.
            fillARGB - source gfxARGB array.
            left - Left start position in destARGB.
            top - Top start position in destARGB.
            width - Width of blitted rectangle.
            height - Height of blitted rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxSetARGB -- Set entire gfxARGB array to given ARGB color

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxSetARGB(destARGB, fillARGB)
        			A0         A1

        	VOID ScalosGfxSetARGB(struct ARGBHeader *, const struct gfxARGB *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Set all pixels in entire gfxARGB array to the given ARGB color.

        INPUTS
            destARGB - gfxARGB array to be changed.
            fillARGB - ARGB value to set pixels to.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxNewColorMap -- Allocate new color table for ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	success = ScalosGfxNewColorMap(sac, colorMap, colorEntries)
        	D0                             A0   A1        D0

        	BOOL ScalosGfxNewColorMap(struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *, const ULONG *, ULONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates a new color table for ScalosBitMapAndColor. The new color table is
            filled with the RGB values from colorMap.
            Any previously color table in ScalosBitMapAndColor is freed.

        INPUTS
            sac - ScalosBitMapAndColor where to store new color table.
            colorMap - RGB values for new color table
            colorEntries - Desired number of entries in new color table

        RESULT
            success - TRUE if new color table was successfully allocated,
            FALSE on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxARGBRectMult -- Multiply RGB value with given factor

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxARGBRectMult(rp, numerator, denominator, xMin, yMin, xMax, yMax)
        			      A0  A1         A2           D0    D1    D2    D3

        	VOID ScalosGfxARGBRectMult(struct RastPort *, const struct gfxARGB *,
        		const struct gfxARGB *, WORD, WORD, WORD, WORD)

         
        FUNCTION
            Multiplies RGB values of pixels within a specified rectangle
            with (numerator/denominator). Overflow is clipped to maximum RGB value (255).
            Works only with CyberGraphics generated, high-color or true-color BitMaps.
            Takes Layers in RastPort into account.

        INPUTS
            rp - RastPort with the BitMap to be modified.
            numerator - Scaling factor as numerator:denominator
            denominator - Scaling factor as numerator:denominator
            xMin - Left start of modified rectangle.
            yMin - Top start of modified rectangle.
            xMax - Right end of modified rectangle.
            yMax - Bottom end of modified rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha -- Alpha blit from gfxARGB array into RastPort

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha(rp, srcH, destLeft, destTop, srcLeft, srcTop, width, height)
        			       A0  A1    D0        D1       D2       D3      D4     D5

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha (struct RastPort *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blit a rectangular area from source gfxARGB array into
            destination RastPort. Alpha (transparency) information in
            source gfxARGB array is fully accounted for.
            Destination RastPort may have Layers.

        INPUTS
            rp - Destination, this RastPort is been drawn to.
            srcH - Source gfxARGB array
            destLeft - Left offset in destination RastPort.
            destTop - Top offset in destination RastPort.
            srcLeft - Left offset in source gfxARGB array.
            srcTop - Left offset in source gfxARGB array.
            width - Width of blit rectangle.
            height - Height of blit rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

            NOTES

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList -- Alpha blit from gfxARGB array into RastPort

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList(rp, srcH, destLeft, destTop, srcSize, tagList)
        				      A0  A1    D0        D1       A3       A2

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList(struct RastPort *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, const struct IBox *, struct TagItem *)

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTags(struct RastPort *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, const struct IBox *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION

        INPUTS
            rp - Destination, this RastPort is been drawn to.
            srcH - Source gfxARGB array
            destLeft - Left offset in destination RastPort.
            destTop - Top offset in destination RastPort.
            srcSize - IBox defining both left/top offset in source gfxARGB
            array, and size of blit rectangle.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconHilight - const struct ARGB *, ARGB value to use
            for highlighting.Its RGB values are added
            to the destination pixels, with clipping
            to 0..255 range.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconAlpha - const UBYTE *, specify alpha array for icon.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconTransparency - ULONG, specify alpha for icon, 0...255.
        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitIcon -- Alpha blit from RastPort to RastPort

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitIcon(rpBackground, rpIcon, left, top, width, height, tagList)
        			  A0            A1      D0    D1   D2     D3      A2

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitIcon(struct RastPort *, struct RastPort *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, struct TagItem *)

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitIconTags(struct RastPort *, struct RastPort *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blit a rectangular area from rpIcon into rpBackground, with full
            alpha (transparency) support.
            This function supports RastPorts with Layers.

        INPUTS
            rpBackground - Target RastPort.
            rpIcon - Source RastPort. The BitMap of this RastPort is
            not modified.
            left - left start of blit in rpBackground
            top - top start of blit in rpBackground
            width - width of the blitting rectangle
            height - height of the blitting rectangle
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconHilight - const struct ARGB *, ARGB value to use
            for highlighting. Its RGB values are
            added to the destination pixels, with
            clipping to 0..255 range.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconAlpha - const UBYTE *, specify alpha array for icon.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconTransparency - ULONG, specify alpha for icon, 0...255.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


&lt;/pre&gt;


==References==
{{reflist}}
{{status|50%}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4h2b72di3p7prdrntskgwkbp9j5trew</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088405</id>
      <parentid>4088404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:05:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="145057" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

==A technical overview of AROS==

Google translation [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Polish],
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Portuguese]

{{Uncited}}

AROS,&lt;ref&gt;[http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php References and sources]&lt;/ref&gt; like AmigaOS (TM), is a [[w:Message passing|message-passing]], [[w:Preemption (computing)|preemptive]] [[w:Multitasking|multitasking]] [[w:Operating system|OS]].

It uses [[w:Reentrant (subroutine)|re-entrant]] shared libraries to save memory space.

AROS is based around an executive library kernel (Exec) and two other libraries:

* Exec (the &quot;kernel&quot;, which is not a kernel in the modern sense), 
* Intuition (graphics and GUI, integrated into the system) and 
* AmigaDOS (Disk Operating System, the Metacomco's Tripos modified to work with Exec).

The design philosophies of AmigaDOS and Intuition are rather different, the former adopting a C-like API and the latter creating an [http://www.basden.demon.co.uk/amiga/amiga.oo.html object-oriented], message passing aware environment for the programmer. The system base is the only absolute address in AmigaOS (located at 0x00000004) - everything else is dynamically loaded. The OS is well known for delivering high performance due to its close connections with the hardware, while simultaneously having the flexibility to support re-targetable graphics (Cybergraphics) and retargetable audio subsystems (AHI).

: Diagram showing relationships of libraries to system needed


Remember, AROS is a [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/ABIv1 research] operating system, and while all contributions to the base AROS code are welcome, please bear this in mind and contact the dev list first. 
Writing applications for AROS does not have this limitation.

While AROS appears and feels almost feature complete, it is still [[Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs|missing a small number of functions]] from the Amiga API - as well as implementations of [[Aros/MissingFunctionaility|core functionality]]. There are also a number of user applications that, while not strictly part of the AmigaOS 3.1 environment, need to be written.


If you want to port software there are essentially two supported method: either you compile directly under AROS, which can be running on either real hardware, virtual hardware or in hosted mode under linux/window or you cross-compile from linux.

It all depends on whether you want to work on system itself or be a developer who writes/compiles app software for AROS 


the repository for the current development version ABIv1 is located [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS here], the repository for current stable PC version ABIv0 with backported ABIv1 features is located [https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/tree/alt-abiv0 here - AROS One and Icaros based] 

Further documentation is available [http://www.aros.org/documentation/developers/index.php here]

Any issues or questions can be asked [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues here] or [https://arosdevteam.slack.com/archives/CUFV48U3H slack here], Everyone is over on [https://discord.gg/UKp9qdEBuQ Discord@AmigaDev], also the AROSExec discord server is available 


==Software Development for AROS==

===Programming languages===

Apart from 'The Developer Environment', which primarily supports C/C++ code, there are other programming languages available for AROS:

'''Scripting''' 
:[[Aros/User/DOS|DOS]], included in all
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/LUA|LUA]], included in all or [http://www.airsoftsoftwair.de/en/prod_hollywood.html Hollywood]
:REXX [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx|Regina (AROS' ARexx)]], included in all
:Python [ Info], included in Icaros 
:Ruby [http://www.ruby-lang.org/en Info]/[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language download]

[http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4501&amp;forum=1&amp;post_id=39537#forumpost39537 '''Basic''']

:[http://amos.pspuae.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html '''Amos Pro'''] [http://amos.pspuae.com/index.php?action=forum#1 compatible] [http://www.amigacoding.com/index.php/Main_Page commands] (all incomplete) 
::[http://sourceforge.net/projects/xamos/ X-Amos] [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7206&amp;forum=4&amp;post_id=72567#forumpost72567 Discussion List]
::[http://sdlbasic.sourceforge.net/ SDLBasic] ([http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language download])
::[http://alvyn.sourceforge.net/ Alvyn] ([http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/MISC.14.html download]) 
::[[Aros/Developer/Basic/Basic4SDL|Basic4SDL]] ([http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language download])
::[http://www.ultimateamiga.co.uk/index.php?topic=9425.0 Project Deimos] [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=6559&amp;forum=18&amp;post_id=62356#forumpost62356 ]

:'''Blitz Basic''' [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=46537#forumpost46537 none on AROS] 
:: [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=6521&amp;forum=4&amp;post_id=61876#forumpost61876 Monkey] 
:: [http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz] on JanusUAE amiga(TM) emulator

:'''Amiga Basic'''
:: [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=53371#forumpost53371 ACEBasic]

'''Misc''' 
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/E|AmigaE Portable E]]
:[http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&amp;topic_id=5975&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=ASC&amp;type=&amp;mode=0 FreePascal FPC Aros-Exec thread], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Download], [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=6169&amp;forum=4&amp;post_id=58261#forumpost58261 LCL], FreePascal for AROS has its own [http://fpcaroswiki.alb42.de/ Wikibook]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/LLVM|LLVM]], 
:[http://agnosent.com/wolfcms/open-source/sge2d sge2d], [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=53327#forumpost53327 Download] 2D Game Engine SDL


===Where to get the C/C++ Environment===

If you want to develop for AROS, its generally easier to be running linux hosted AROS development environment especially for C++, cross compiling the code. That's how most developers are doing it. g++ is used to compile owb web browser as well as some other AROS software. If you were hoping for a rich set of C++ libraries or classes defined for the OS feature set, you might be disappointed.

AROS Native compiling is possible, but you're much more likely to run into the odd bug(s) in the dev environment since it gets little testing and fixing by other developers.

Is there a sftp software or scp over ssh available?
Nope. There isn't. Would be easier if at least the security part would be handled, porting [https://github.com/jens-maus/amissl amissl]


====Cross compilers from other OSs====

you want to build AROS. No problem.

Here are instructions for 64-bit:
https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/blob/master/INSTALL.md

Here are instructions for 32-bit:
https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/blob/alt-abiv0/INSTALL.md


'''[https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=640.0 32-bit Linux hosted AROS and compiling AROS apps for Linux]''' which runs without problems on 64-bit linux distributions and all currently available software will run on it as well 

Please install these packages before moving to next step. Below is a reference list for Debian-based distributions. Reference build system is Ubuntu 18.04/20.04 amd64.

subversion git-core gcc g++ make gawk bison flex bzip2 netpbm autoconf automake libx11-dev libxext-dev libc6-dev liblzo2-dev libxxf86vm-dev libpng-dev gcc-multilib libsdl1.2-dev byacc python-mako libxcursor-dev cmake zsh mingw64

Do all of these operations under home directory of your user or another directory where your user has write permissions.

Specifically, in a section &quot;Linux-i386&quot;, be sure first to build the cross-compiler (toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386) and only then AROS itself (alt-abiv0-linux-i386).


Clone &amp; build
&lt;pre&gt;
$ mkdir myrepo
$ cd myrepo
$ git clone https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS.git AROS
$ cd AROS
$ git checkout alt-abiv0
$ cd ..
$ cp ./AROS/scripts/rebuild.sh .
$ ./rebuild.sh
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now to the build selection below - Linux-i386 

Select toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 - Select alt-abiv0-linux-i386 (DEBUG) 

Start AROS by:
&lt;pre&gt;
$ cd alt-abiv0-linux-i386/bin/linux-i386/AROS
$ ./Arch/linux/AROSBootstrap
&lt;/pre&gt;


Pc-i386 Select toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 (if not built yet) - Select alt-abiv0-pc-i386

ISO image available in alt-abiv0-pc-i386/distfiles


Now that we have linux-hosted build, we can resume native (option 2).
Run ./rebuild.sh and selection option 2. Wait until it finished, then:
&lt;pre&gt;
$ cd alt-abiv0-pc-i386
$ make
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now
&lt;pre&gt;
$ make bootiso
&lt;/pre&gt;


Now, your compiler is located in toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 directory and named i386-aros-gcc. Includes are in alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development/include and libraries are in alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development.lib.

This is how then can be passed to the compiler:

/home/xxx/toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386/i386-aros-gcc --sysroot /home/xxx/alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development -L/home/xxx/alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development/lib 

../toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386/i386-aros-gcc --sysroot bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development local/helloworld/helloworld.c -o local/helloworld/helloworld

 ABIv0 still uses 4.x GCC while you indicate problems with 6.5.0 GCC.


[https://arosdevteam.slack.com/join/shared_invite/enQtOTc4Mzg0NDIzNzQ0LWQ2NWZmNmMwNGIwNGEyNTgxNzU3MGFjMTk3ZThmOTQ1MTVjMzhmNTllYWQ0ZTUxMjBjMGE0Y2VjMDJmNTc5MzI#/shared-invite/email Slack Dev Forum] 


'''Another Linux''' option is to use '''cross-compilers for Linux'''. 

Another is using Debian like distros and download the gimmearos.sh script (on [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/cross aros-archives]) to setup the developer environment by downloading necessary packages ...
The gimmearos script is a good start in that direction, building the cross compilers and hosted AROS environment, but gimmearos.sh might be out of date or not be completely compatible with any given linux distro. 

In order to do that, you have to compile AROS yourself. Download AROS source archive not contrib. Compile AROS by entering the main directory

 ./configure
 make

([http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php More on compiling AROS]). The result will be a basic AROS system without development tools.

To compile C++ on Linux, type 'make gnu-contrib-crosstools', creating the cross-compilers in ./bin/linux-i386/tools/, named i386-aros-gcc, etc.

'''Note''': Currently, to make the cross compilers usable copy 'collect-aros' from tools/ to tools/i386-aros/bin/. At the moment the cross compilers if used from the Linux command line will only find it when it's there.

If you want to compile native compilers (the Developer Environment), type 'make contrib-gnu-gcc', creating native compilers in AROS' System:Development/bin directory.

When the output needs to be stripped &lt;code&gt;--strip-unneeded --remove-section .comment&lt;/code&gt;

The Obj-C backend should build out of the box.

Open contrib/gnu/gcc/mmakefile.src and search for the line which contains &quot;--enable-languages&quot; and add &quot;objc&quot; to the list of languages that follows it.

    --enable-languages=c,c++,objc

Better make it—enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++

ObjC++ is broken as soon as you try to use exceptions, but that might change in future GCC versions and it does not hurt having it there already.

Do you need a [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=6620&amp;forum=2&amp;post_id=63146#forumpost63146 cross-compiler] or a real compiler? In the first case you can get away with just downloading the proper gcc archive, apply the patch and proceed with the normal gcc build. In the case of a real cross-compiler then when downloading the contrib sources, also need to download the normal sources, place the contrib sources into a directory called contrib, need to install autoconf+automake+perl+python, call ./configure, cd into the subdirectory and type make.

to rebuild GCC with host == build == target == i386-pc-aros. So just get the vanilla sources and apply the patches without bothering about the build system?


[https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2019/10/a-pre-configured-development-machine.html
 pre-configured VM environment vmware virtual machine to develop AROS and AROS software]


'''Windows(TM)''' [https://franke.ms/amiga/gcc.wiki AmiDevCpp Old versions] is a cross-compiling developer environment for Windows, able to create binaries for AROS, AmigaOS, and MorphOS. [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=93813 Upgrading gcc versions] 


'''64 bit'''

First thing you need is Linux system, suggest Ubuntu, with installed cmake and x86_64-aros cross-compiler. In order to get the cross-compiler you need to build AROS (either linux-x86_64 or pc-x86_64, I suggest linux-x86_64) locally on that machine. The build instructions for AROS are available here: http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php

Once you have the cross compiler and make available, we can continue.

How to [https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2019/09/setting-up-64bit-linux-development-env.html
 create a AROS dev environment if you want to do that by yourself]


A hub page to start with Icaros 64
https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/p/64-bit.html


'''32 bit'''

A good option for multiple OS is [https://axrt.org/index.php?tab=download-aros AxRuntime lets developers compile their Amiga API-based applications as Linux binaries being able to utilize modern development tools available on Linux, like IDEs, debuggers, profilers, etc] 


====Native compilers for AROS====

Namely gcc for C or g++ for C++ are supplied with the [[Aros/Developer/Docs#The Developer Environment|Developer Environment]], which is already '''setup''' and part of any current AROS distribution like AROS One, [http://www.icarosdesktop.org/ Icaros] or the nightlies but '''not''' Icaros Lite 

Currently, the developer environment consists of the following software components. GNU GCC 4.x GNU BinUtils, GNU Fileutils 4.x, GNU Textutils and others.

On single partition systems and the Boot ISO, the AROS Developer environment is installed under &quot;SYS:Development/&quot;. Systems with multiple partitions - such as a Work: partition - tend to install it to there instead, however it can be installed manually to any location. Please remember, if moving, that you will need to correct the Development packages 'install location' env variable to point to the new locations root - look in SYS:S/startup-sequence.

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign Development: SYS:Development 
Assign C: Development:bin ADD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


In the aros build instructions. you need to check out contrib and/or ports into your AROS source directory, as subdirs. then, assuming you are building in an external build dir, as you should, you simply configure and &quot;make contrib&quot; for instance or whatever submodule you might want to build.


===Beginners Tutorials in C C++===

As AROS is [http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=29856 C based] API compatible to AmigaOS 3.x, so most of the information on programming C on the Amiga applies to AROS as well. Please note that there is a lot of AOS 1.3 (not so useful) and AmigaOS AOS 2.x information around as well. 

Curly brackets missing - try SHIFT + ALT + 7 or 0.


Brief overview of what is required to write AROS Applications

# Using [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|Intuition]] for basic screens/windows 
# Using graphics within windows via 8bit [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|graphics]] and so onto  15-16-24bit [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|cybergraphx]]
# Load and save work to [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|dos]] disk drives
# Using the [[Aros/Developer/Zune|ZUNE GUI Environment]]


Writing native games require this extra information

# Using [[Aros/Developer/AHIDrivers|AHI audio hardware independent API]]
# Using USB joystick/joypad with the Poseidon USB stack through [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/LowLevel|LowLevel]] library


Additional features that could be added later

# Adding additional [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Locale|Locale]] language translations to your program 
# Adding a [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx|AREXX/Regina]] port to your application
# Copy'n'paste actions: using AROS' [http://archives.aros-exec.org/share/development/misc/cbio_aros.zip Clipboard] and use open/write/read/close
# Executing Amiga(TM) [[Aros/User/DOS|DOS]] commands from your application
# Using [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|icons]] (.info files) and icon tooltypes (stack, version, and program startup options)

A good introduction to Amiga programming in general, though a little outdated, is Rob Peck's book &quot;Programmer's Guide to the Amiga&quot;. The Amiga ROM Kernel manuals: Libraries (3rd edition), and The AmigaDOS manual (3rd edition) are the most generally useful books, the other RKMs, including the Style Guide also have their uses. There were many reference examples from AmigaMail and Devcon notes (available again on an Amiga developers CD). 

If using Arexx then &quot;The Amiga Programmer's Guide to ARexx&quot; by Eric Giguere, which was published by Commodore is useful as well as an &quot;Arexx Cookbook&quot;.


* Beginners C Guide [http://www.iu.hio.no/~mark/CTutorial/CTutorial.html C Tutorial], 
* [http://thecguru.com/ C for beginners],
* [http://fresh2refresh.com/c/c-basic-program/ C programming basics] for students, 
* [https://www.edx.org/courses Free Online course] from American Universities 
* AROS Dev help [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/index.php aros.org AROS homepage], 
* Reference Amiga [http://amigadev.elowar.com/ API reference].


* Source can be found [http://www.liquido2.com/tutorial/index.html here] and [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Examples|here]] and [http://www.blackfiveservices.co.uk/amiga-c/ here]. Lots of example code can be found inside AROS sources themselves. DOWNLOAD the '''contrib source''' archives from [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php Aros site], and study the AROS applications source code, e.g. the test programs from the Tests drawer (folder/directory). Take a look at the code of some smaller AROS programs might be a better and more up to date guide. There a quite a lot of nice examples hidden in the AROS SVN.

When you upload your builds, please write the architecture (like i386-aros, x86_64-aros, etc) in the archive name 
and it is also advisable to write in the field &quot;Requirements&quot; what ABI (ABIv0 or ABI-WIP or ABIv1) 


===Compiling C/C++ Code===

Native, although we have a IDE Integrated Development Environment (Murks), it does lack a debugger. Whilst others use a combination of a text editor and shell to edit code. Most though use an AROS hosted on Linux to take advantage of the better GCC tools like GDB and various IDEs.

Open shell - its a menu option at the top left of Wanderer (desktop). Or by using the right Win key and w (or F12 and w) within the directory with the source code. Type in
 sh 
to change the amiga shell into a unix shell. You can then type in ls (unix equivalent to amiga dir). Take a look [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Linux_commands here] for more commands.

For a single file program-name.c or program-name.cpp
 gcc -o program-name program-name.c  
or 
 g++ -o program-name program-name.cpp
or
 g++ -o test -Wall -g main.cc texturelib.cpp xmodelib.cc -lsdl -lgl

To close the shell, click on the top left-hand corner to close (twice). Once to get back the aros shell and then again to close finally. Use [http://freshmeat.net/projects/cksfv/ cksfv] as a test.

Some source code requires the addition of Amiga API libraries, like dos, which you can flag at the compile time as 
 gcc -o julia.exe julia.c -ldos

For DOS use -ldos as example and if you are compiling mui codes it will be -lmui or intuition -lintuition. Other missing symbols are due to linker libraries being necessary for linking in functions that aren't in the standard C libraries. For example some source code would need added

 -lz or -lm or -lpng or -larosc etc.

use this in unix line command mode to search for 'search-item' in many .c files (*.cpp for c++, etc.)
 grep -l 'search-item' *.c


:''More information: [[Aros/Developer/Porting software]]''


=== How to make Apps have AROS 64-bit specific support code ===

[http://www.aros.org/cs/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.php Portable code] 

AROS64 already uses 64bit addressing, it just doesn't setup the MMU for more than 4GB physical memory currently.
When porting software to AROS64 it is &quot;mostly&quot; a case of converting ULONG's that are used to store pointers, into IPTR's instead, etc. Another quirk, is making sure items on the stack are the correct size by using the STACKED attribute for them. 

* Use texteditor or some tool to replace all &quot;ULONG&quot; with &quot;IPTR&quot; and &quot;LONG&quot; with &quot;SIPTR&quot; in the sources.

compiling mui stuff for aros setting -std=gnu99 is necessary, had -std=c99 usually 
A MUI application most likely needs only the HOOKPROTOxxx SDI macros. They are compatible with AROS, only the attributes (hook, object attribute) must be given in the right order.


==Coding conventions==

As the AROS core source is a shared developer experience, there are rules regarding structure and style. When it comes to your creating your own app and coding, the structure and style should be your own, i.e. you should enjoy what you do and do it so that you can understand what is going on.

===Layout===

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
static void 1st_function()
{
    program
    exit(0);    
}

int main(void)
{
    1st_function();
    2nd_function();
    3rd_function();
    return 0;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;

struct Screen * openscreen(void);
struct Window *openwindow(struct Screen *screen, const char *title, LONG x, LONG y, LONG w, LONG h);

VOID 1st_function();
VOID 2nd_function();

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    program
    return 0;
} /* main */

VOID 1st_function()
{

}

VOID 2nd_function()
{

}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

===General style===

This code is used by many people and therefore you should keep some things in mind when you submit source code:

* Keep things simple 
* Keep the source clean 
* Always know what you are doing, if not flag it and describe what needs to be done... 
* Explain clearly/simply what you are doing 
* Remember that you write code once but that it is read many times by many people

===Comments===

AROS uses some of the comments in the source to generate the documentation. Therefore it's necessary to keep a certain format so the tools can find their information. Other comments are ignored but they should explain what you thought when you wrote the code. If you really can't think of an explanation, then don't write the code a second time like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* This adds 1 to t */
t ++;
&lt;/pre&gt;

What we think of is this:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Go on with next element */
t ++;
&lt;/pre&gt;

===Formatting===

This is only '''IMPORTANT''' if you are going to work on the core AROS code or contrib but not applications which may reside outside like on AROS Archives or other websites.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
{
    /* a */
    struct RastPort * rp;
    int               a;

    /* b */
    rp = NULL;
    a  = 1;

    /* c */
    if (a == 1)
        printf (&quot;Init worked\n&quot;);

    /* d */
    if
    (
        !(rp = Get_a_pointer_to_the_RastPort
            (
                some
                , long
                , arguments
            )
        )
    ||
        a &lt;= 0
    )
    {
        printf (&quot;Something failed\n&quot;);
        return FAIL;
    }

    /* e */
    a = printf (&quot;My RastPort is %p, a=%d\n&quot;
        , rp
        , a
    );

    return OK;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Looks ugly, eh ? :-) Ok, here are the rules:

&lt;pre&gt;
If several lines contain similar code, put similar things below each other (see a and b);
Put spaces between operands and operators
Put braces {}, brackets [] and parentheses () below each other (d) if there is much code between. 
Brackets and parentheses may be in one line if the code between is small (c)
Indent by 4 Spaces. Two indent levels may be abbreviated by one tab.
&lt;/pre&gt;

'''Before committing please normalize the indentation - if you have a mixture of tabs and spaced - please always use spaces, 1 tab = 4 spaces.'''

The reasons for this are:

# While some editors can use an arbitrary sizes for tabs, it's a bit complicated to tell another editor which tab size was used by the one used to write the code. 
# Most code in AROS was written this way and your code should look like the rest. 
# You can print this code on any printer without special tools to &quot;fix&quot; the tabs. 
# Most editors have smart tabs which do exactly this. If your editor doesn't, write a bug report.

If you have a function with many arguments (d, e) you should put the parentheses in lines of their own and each argument in one line (d) or put the first argument behind the opening parentheses (e) and each following argument in a line of its own with the comma in front. The closing parentheses is in a line of its own and aligned with the beginning of the expression (i.e. the a and not the opening parentheses or the printf()).

Use a single blank line to separate logical blocks. Large comments should have a blank line before and after them, small comments should be put before the code they explain with only one blank line before them.

If you see any TABS in AROS core sources then the suggestion is to &quot;detab the file and commit that separately&quot; either before or afterwards from making functionality changes. Make two commits instead of one. This makes it easier for others to see the real changes instead of having to dig through multiple lines of irrelevant diffs.

===Eliminating Global Variables===

i.e. pass variables to functions (local scope) or classes making it easier to track and debug your code.

Any time you find that you need a particular thing in 'a lot of different places', chances are that all those places are conceptually related, and so you can create a class, a namespace, a function, or some other higher-level organizational unit to represent that relationship. This makes the program easier to understand.

Bad Designs

* All variables are global. 
* There are no standalone functions, only sub-procedures which act on the global variables. 
* Every sub-procedure is at least 500 lines to several thousand 
* Every sub-procedure has more than one task to perform 
* Copy-paste is preferred to writing methods, AND subtle changes are made in the middle of the code

Good Designs

* structure program into functions (C or basic) - top-down procedural approach 
* put in class(es) (freepascal or C++) - the object is fixed and you use methods to access the object

&lt;pre&gt;
 class String_List
 {
 private:
 list&lt;string&gt; m_List;  // member
 public:
 void read_strings() { /* read strings into m_List */ }
 void print_strings() { /* write contents of m_List to stdout */ }
 void sort_strings() { /* sort contents of m_List */ }
 void sort_strings_reverse() { /* reverse-sort contents of m_List */ }
 void unique_strings() { /* remove duplicate strings */ }
 };

 int main()
 {
 String_List myList;  // local
 myList.read_strings();
 myList.sort_strings();
 myList.print_strings();
 myList.sort_strings_reverse();
 myList.print_strings();
 myList.unique_strings();
 myList.print_strings();
 return 0;
 }
&lt;/pre&gt;

This way it is very easy to replace the list with new list for debugging purposes, or replacing the methods without replacing the list, when you want different results. You only have to replace the content of the local variables.

 So create the structure that matches your data (linked lists, trees, arrays, etc) and what to do with them (sorting, searching, etc)

&lt;pre&gt;
.h usually contain #define #include typedef enum struct extern screen and window definitions (data structures)
.c should contains functions and algorithms
&lt;/pre&gt;

One way to look at it is that menu headings act as the .c file and sub-menu headings as functions.

When you start a project, you place a couple of declarations in the include file. As the project continues, you place more and more declarations in the include file, some of which refer to or contain previous declarations. Before you know it, you have a real mess on your hands. The majority of your source files have knowledge of the data structures and directly reference elements from the structures.
Making changes in an environment where many data structures directly refer to other data structures becomes, at best, a headache. Consider what happens when you change a data structure.

Use good variables names to help clarify code and only comment when you need to explain why a certain programming approach was made.

You're Refactoring Legacy Code, you see a global, you want to get rid of it. How do you do this?

Exactly what to do depends on how the global is used. The first step is to find all uses of the global throughout the code, and get a feel for what the significance of the variable is and how it relates to the rest of the program. Pay particular attention to the &quot;lifetime&quot; of the variable (when it gets initialized, when it is first used, when it is last used, how it gets cleaned up). Then, you will probably make the global a data member of a class (for OO languages), or you will write some get/set functions. Converting to the Singleton Pattern is common, but you may discover that it makes more sense for the data element to be a member of an existing singleton, or maybe even an instance variable.

# Create a basic read method, either as a class or a global function. Replace all reads with the access method, but leave the variable defined as a global.
# Review each of the writes to the method and extract action functions one at a time. Unless two operations are coded identically in the original code, extract each write access separately.
# Change the variable scope from global to local.
# Analyze similar action functions to determine if any can be merged, i.e., there are no functional differences in the results of the function, just differences in the implementation details.
# Review the calls to the read method and see if a more complex functionality should be applied. Follow the approach for writes and unless implementations are identical, create separate access functions. 
# Analyze the access functions for duplication.

As returning variables by &quot;passing by value&quot; are forgotten, so &quot;passing by reference&quot; is often used instead. The reference is a pointer to the variable so the value is remembered when returned.

Alternatives

* Hidden Globals
* Singleton Pattern
* Database or TupleSpace
* Context Object 
* Dependency Injection 
* Stateful Procedures

==AROS/AmigaOS APIs and Docs==

&lt;pre&gt;
Library:
   - Private data structure
   - Many public access methods

Device:
   - Private data structure
   - Two (BeginIO/AbortIO) access methods

Resource:
   - Public data structure
   - *NO* access methods
&lt;/pre&gt;

And, being Amiga OS-compatible, there are exceptions to all of these.


===System Libraries===

The [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/app-dev/index.php AROS Guide To Libraries] can be used as a guide to individual commands and Old Dev Docs are used in application programming.

The generated [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/autodocs/ Aros AutoDocs HTML Read] or download [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php docs-html.bz2 from here].

Amiga/Aros styles libraries are very different from windows and linux libs. Typical .so/dll libraries are foreign to most Amiga-like OS 


*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/AROSC|arosc.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/AmigaGuide|amigaguide.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/ASL|asl.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Bullet|bullet.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/BSDsocket|bsdsocket.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CAMD|camd.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|cybergraphics.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGXVIDEO|cgxvideo.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Commodities|commodities.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DataTypes|datatypes.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DiskFont|diskfont.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|dos.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Exec|exec.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Expansion|expansion.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/FreeType2|freetype.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/GadTools|gadtools.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|graphics.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|icon.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Identify|identify.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/IFFParse|iffparse.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|intuition.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Keymap|keymap.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Layers|layers.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Locale|locale.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/LowLevel|lowlevel.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEESingBas|mathieeesingbas.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEEDoubBas|mathieeedoubbas.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEESingTrans|mathieeesingtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEEDoubTrans|mathieeedoubtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Mathtrans|mathtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MUIMaster|muimaster.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Partition|partition.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/PopUpMenu|popupmenu.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/OOP|oop.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Regina|regina.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Reqtools|reqtools.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/RexxSysLib|rexxsyslib.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/ScreenNotify|screennotify.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/TTEngine|ttengine.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Thread|thread.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Utility|utility.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Xadmaster|xadmaster.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Workbench|workbench.library]]


===AROS Subsystems===

# [[Aros/Developer/Zune|Zune MUI compatible GUI]]
# [[Aros/Developer/AROSAppPackages|AROS Application Packages]]
# AHI Audio Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/AHIDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/AHIDriversDev|Development]]
# AROSTCP Sana2 Network Interface Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/NICDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/NICDriversDev|Development]]
# gfx.hidd/cybergraphics Video Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/GfxDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/GfxDriversDev|Development]]
# IO Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/IODeviceDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/IODeviceDriversDev|Development]]
# USB Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/USBDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/USBDriversDev|Development]]
# PCI Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/PCIDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/PCIDriversDev|Development]]
# [http://www.libsdl.org/ SDL] 
# [[w:Gallium3D|Gallium 3D]] [http://www.mesa3d.org/ openGL aka Mesa] - [[Aros/Developer/OpenGL|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/OpenGLDev|Development]] [http://www.swiftless.com/opengltuts.html Swfitless]
# A small subset of GTK2 through [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gtk-mui/ MUI-GTK] 
# Cairo 2D Engine - [[Aros/Developer/Cairo|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/Cairo|Development]]
# [[Aros/Developer/Scalos|Scalos desktop API and plugin modules]]


====HIDDs====

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/HIDDClass|hiddclass.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Graphics|graphics.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/VesaGfx|vesagfx.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/ATI|radeon.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/NVidia|nvidia.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Nouveau|nouveau.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Kbd|kbd.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Mouse|mouse.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/i2c|i2c.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/IRQ|irq.hidd (deprecated)]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/PCI|pci.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/PCIPC|pcipc.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Serial|serial.hidd]]

HIDD are used for device/peripheral low level hardware support drivers. The HIDD system is split up into a collection of classes with a strict inheritance hierarchy. A HIDD class implements a device driver for a single device or in rare cases a group of devices and provides an interface for other programs and devices to access.
      
In order to maintain portability of interfaces across a wide range of hardware this interface will in general not present the raw interface to the underlying hardware. Instead it will present a generic interface that describes many different hardware implementations. This allows for the best reuse of both interfaces and code.

HIDD API is heavyweight though. You need to open a HIDD library, open oop.library, instantiate an object (even if there's no object); and object calls are more costly compared to plain library calls.


Basically your task is to implement a subclass of hidd.ata.bus for your hardware. just implementing the XXXATA__Hidd_ATABus__xxxxxx methods for the Amiga chipset - and appropriate versions of the interface_xxx.c file(s). pretty much everything in probe.c could be ignored - just write a replacement scan for relevant amiga devices and store whatever info you need in the bus data? only the &quot;SUPPORT_LEGACY&quot; blocks might be related.

You do not need to depend on PCI API. PCI is just a way to discover the hardware on PCs, etc. 
&lt;hidd/pci.h&gt; includes (at some depth) &lt;interface/HW.h&gt;, which defines IID_HW. This comes from the 'generic' HIDD class in: 
 rom/hidds/hidd/hiddclass.conf
did not split up HIDD and HW because they are always used in pair. It's the same as hidd/pci.h bringing definition for: PCI, PCIDriver and PCIDevice. PCI is actually PCIHW, just the name was not changed for backwards compatibility reasons. HW is a 'hub' where HIDD instances plug in.

ATA HIDD aoHidd_ATABus_Use32Bit value is completely ignored unless ata.device first detects correct command line parameter.
Yes. Unfortunately I was unable to find any comment in code or svn history with explanations. Looked  at Linux source, there 32-bit PIO is also controller driver's property. Some of them enable it, some don't.

Actually, switching the default to ON should be safe. ata.device is fail-safe at this because during IDENTIFY command it validates upper 16  bits,  and  if they appear to be zeroes in all 128 longwords, then 32-bit mode is switched off. But, nevertheless, I know how tricky hardware can be, so I decided not to change original behavior. If  you think it's wrong in some cases, then it's possible to add one more  attribute  like  aHidd_ATABus_Default32Bit. If set to YES, then  this means that 32-bit PIO is safe to use by default.


====Devices====

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/ATA|ata.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Console|console.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Narrator|narrator.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Printer|printer.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Trackdisk|trackdisk.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/AmberRAM|amberram.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Timer|timer.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/|.device]]

The Amiga used [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices|Devices]] to communicate with [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&amp;topic_id=3475&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=ASC additional hardware]. AROS has replaced these hardware devices with hidd equivalents but some are still retained for backwards compatibility.

Local libraries/devices/handlers,etc are supposed to override the ones in ROM if their version is higher than the one in ROM.

Here is the list of commands exec default: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| CMD_CLEAR
|  Purge the buffer of the device
|----
| CMD_READ
|  Playback Control
|----
| CMD_STOP
|  Stopped the activity of the device
|----
| CMD_FLUSH
|  Empty the queue of commands
|----
| CMD_RESET
|  Reset a device
|----
| CMD_WRITE
|  Playback Control
|----
| CMD_INVALID
|  Create an error
|----
| CMD_UPDATE
|  Gets updated device
|----
| CMD_START
|  Will restart the device
|----
|}

While most other &quot;stuff you communicate with&quot; in AmigaOS are devices &lt;ref&gt;AMIGA ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Devices, 3rd Edition. Commodore-Amiga, Inc. Addison-Wesley, 1991. {{ISBN|0-201-56775-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; that share a [http://gega.homelinux.net/AmigaDevDocs/ common base interface]. [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices1.3|OS 1.3 Device Drivers]].


====Handlers====

:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/Pipe|pipe.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/Port|port.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/SFS|sfs.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/FAT|fat.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/PFS|pfs.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/NTFS|fuse.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/FFS|ffs.handler]]

filesystem handlers have their own separate system consisting of completely differently structured messages that dos.library use to pass requests (for things like reading, writing, getting directory contents etc.) to them. AROS originally went with implementing filesystem handlers as devices, which might arguably be more consistent with the rest of the AmigaOS API but which is quite incompatible with AmigaOS itself. However, it made it far harder to port filesystems and the gains were comparatively small, and so there's been a long standing goal of fixing this incompatibility. It has now, June 2011, been reintroduced to all AROS flavors.

are argstr and argsize valid for the handler startup environment?
DOS/RunHandler() calls DOS/CreateNewProcTags(), and then CallEntry() (in rom/dos/exit.c) to start the handler, so yes, argstr and argsize are *present* in the call signature of the handler.

Granted, argstr will be NULL and argsize 0, but those values *are* passed to the handler function using:

&lt;pre&gt;
AROS_UFC3(ULONG, entry,
                         AROS_UFCA(STRPTR, argptr, A0),
                         AROS_UFCA(ULONG, argsize, D0),
                         AROS_UFCA(struct ExecBase *, SysBase, A6));
&lt;/pre&gt;

Creating your own [without the whole build tree http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/temp/radeon.zip] and then  
&lt;pre&gt;
make stub
make
make install
&lt;/pre&gt;

SFS has two Root blocks, one at the start and one at the end of the disk. The Root blocks both contain the same information.  They hold various information about the disk structure and have the locations of some important blocks used by the filesystem.  

The Root ObjectContainer contains the Root directory Object. The name of this Object is the name of the volume. It is identical to a normal directory Object.

The Bitmap is used to keep track of free space. Each bit in a bitmap represents a single block. A set bit indicates a free block and a cleared bit a used block.

AdminSpaceContainers are used to keep track of space which has been reserved for storing administration blocks. Only the Bitmap, the Root blocks and the actual data stored in files aren't stored in administration space. Administration space is allocated in chunks of 32 blocks at a time. A single AdminSpaceContainer can hold information about a large number of such areas each of which has its own little bitmap of 32 bits.

Extents are stored in a B-Tree. The Root block holds a pointer to the root of the Extent B-Tree. Extents keep track of space in use by a specific file. Each fragment a file consists of has its own Extent. Extents are in a double linked list. The list can be used to locate the next or previous fragment of a file.

Below is the standard block header. This header is found before EVERY type of block used in the filesystem, except data blocks.  The id field is used to check if the block is of the correct type when it is being referred to using a BLCK pointer.  The checksum field is the SUM of all LONGs in a block plus one, and then negated. When applying a checksum the checksum field itself should be set to zero. The checking a checksum the checksum is okay if the result of the checksum equals zero. The ownblock BLCK pointer points to the block itself. This field is an extra safety check to ensure we are using a valid block.

Field	Type	Description
id	ULONG	The id field is used to identify the type of block we are dealing with. It is used to make sure that when referencing a block we got a block of the correct type. The id consist of 4 bytes and each blocktype has its own unique foure letter code.
checksum	ULONG	This field contains the sum of all longs in this block, plus one and then negated. The checksum can be used to check if the block hasn't been corrupted in any way.
ownblock	BLCK	Points to itself, or in other words, this field contains the block number of this block. This is yet another way to check whether or not a block is valid.

&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBlockHeader {
    ULONG id;
    ULONG checksum;
    BLCK ownblock;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
The algorithm to calculate the checksum of a block:
&lt;pre&gt;
ULONG calcchecksum(struct fsBlockHeader *block, LONG blocksize} {
    ULONG *data=(ULONG *)block;
    ULONG checksum=1;

    block-&gt;checksum=0;

    while(blocksize&gt;0) {
        checksum+=*data++;
        blocksize-=4;
    }

    return(-checksum);
} 
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Root block contains very important information about the structure of a SFS disk. It has information on the location and size of the disk, the blocksize used, locations of various important blocks, version information and some filesystem specific settings.

A SFS disk has two Root blocks; one located at the start of the partition and one at the end. On startup the filesystem will check both Roots to see if it is a valid SFS disk. If either one is missing SFS can still continue (although at the moment it won't).

A Root block could be missing on purpose. For example, if you extend the partition at the end (adding a few MB's) then SFS can detect this with the information stored in the Root block located at the beginning (since only the end-offset has changed).   Same goes for the other way around, as long as you don't change start and end point at the same time.

When a Root block is missing because the partition has been made a bit larger, then SFS will in the future be able to resize itself without re-formatting the disk.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
version	UWORD	The version of the filesystem block structure. You can check this field to identify what version of the filesystem your dealing with it and to see if you can handle this structure correctly. Don't try to interpret the disk's structure when this field contains an unknown version number!
sequencenumber	UWORD	Used to identify which Root block was written last in case the sequencenumber on both Root blocks don't match.
datecreated	ULONG	Creation date of this volume. This is the date when the disk was last formatted and will never be changed.
bits	UBYTE	Various settings, see below.
pad1	UBYTE	Reserved, leave zero.
pad2	UWORD	Reserved, leave zero.
reserved1	ULONG[2]	Reserved, leave zero.
firstbyteh	ULONG	High 32-bits of a 64-bit number. This is the first byte of our partition relative to the start of the disk.
firstbyte	ULONG	Low 32-bits of a 64-bit number.
lastbyteh	ULONG	High 32-bits of a 64-bit number. This is the last byte (exclusive) of our partition relative to the start of the disk.
lastbyte	ULONG	Low 32-bits of a 64-bit number.
totalblocks	ULONG	The total number of blocks this partition consists of.
blocksize	ULONG	The size of a block of this partition.
reserved2	ULONG[2]	Reserved, leave zero.
reserved3	ULONG[8]	Reserved, leave zero.
bitmapbase	BLCK	Block number of the start of the Bitmap.
adminspacecontainer	BLCK	Block number of the first AdminSpaceContainer.
rootobjectcontainer	BLCK	Block number of the ObjectContainer which contains the root of the disk (this is where the volume name is stored).
extentbnoderoot	BLCK	Block number of the root of the Extent B-Tree.
reserved4	ULONG[4]	Reserved, leave zero.

&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsRootBlock {
  struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
  UWORD version;
  UWORD sequencenumber;
  ULONG datecreated;
  UBYTE bits;
  UBYTE pad1;
  UWORD pad2;
  ULONG reserved1[2];
  ULONG firstbyteh;
  ULONG firstbyte;
  ULONG lastbyteh;
  ULONG lastbyte;
  BLCK  totalblocks;
  ULONG blocksize;
  ULONG reserved2[2];
  ULONG reserved3[8];
  BLCK  bitmapbase;
  BLCK  adminspacecontainer;
  BLCK  rootobjectcontainer;
  BLCK  extentbnoderoot;
  ULONG reserved4[4];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

AdminSpaceContainers are used to store the location and bitmap of each administration space. The AdminSpaceContainers are located in a double linked list and they contain an array of fsAdminSpace structures.  There is one fsAdminSpace structure for every administration space on disk.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
next	BLCK	The next AdminSpaceContainer, or zero if it is the last in the chain.
previous	BLCK	The previous AdminSpaceContainer, or zero if it is the first AdminSpaceContainer.
bits	UBYTE	The number of bits in each in the bits ULONG in the fsAdminSpace structure.
pad1	UBYTE	Reserved, leave zero.
pad2	UWORD	Reserved, leave zero.
adminspace	struct fsAdminSpace	An array of fsAdminSpace structures. The size of the array is determined by the current blocksize.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsAdminSpaceContainer {
  struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
  BLCK next;
  BLCK previous;
  UBYTE bits;
  UBYTE pad1;
  UWORD pad2;
  struct fsAdminSpace adminspace[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
Field	Type	Description
space	BLCK	The first block of an administration space.
bits	ULONG	A small bitmap which is used to determine which blocks in an administration space are already in use. The number of bits in this bitmap is determined by the bits field in the AdminSpaceContainer.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsAdminSpace {
  BLCK  space;
  ULONG bits;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

The fsBitmap structure is used for Bitmap blocks. A bitmap block is used to keep track of which space is in use and which isn't for a particular area of a disk.  All bitmap blocks together keep track of the free space for an entire disk. The location of the first bitmap block is known and all other bitmap blocks are stored in order after the first one.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
bitmap	ULONG	An array of ULONG's.  These hold the actual information on which blocks are in use and which aren't.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBitmap {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    ULONG bitmap[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
Each bit in a bitmap block (except for the block header) represents a single block. If the bit is set than the block is free, and if the bit is clear then it is full. The first ULONG in the bitmap area of the first bitmap block represents blocks 0 through 31 on the disk. Bit 31 of this ULONG is block 0, 30 is block 1, and so on. Bit 0 of the first ULONG represents block 31.

Below is a table to clarify how bitmaps work even further. The first column is the bitmap block number, the second column is the number of the ULONG in the bitmap array. The third column is the bit number in this ULONG, and the last column is the block which this specific bit, in this specific bitmap block represents.

We'll assume here that a bitmap block has room for 120 ULONG's (meaning there is room for storing 32 * 120 bits).

&lt;pre&gt;
Bitmap block	ULONG number	Bit number	Block represented
1 (first)	0	31	0
1	0	30	1
...	...	...	...
1	0	1	30
1	0	0	31
1	1	31	32
...	...	...	...
1	2	31	64
1	2	30	65
...	...	...	...
1	119	0	3839
2	0	31	3840
2	0	30	3841
...	...	...	...
&lt;/pre&gt;
The last bitmap block doesn't need to be completely used. The unused bits (which belong to blocks which do not exist) all have to be clear, to indicate that these blocks are in use.

The fsObjectContainer structure is used to hold a variable number of fsObjects structures (Objects) which have the same parent directory. Each ObjectContainer must contain at least one Object. If there is space in the ObjectContainer not used by the variable number of Objects then that space is zero filled. Objects always start at 2-byte boundaries, which means sometimes a padding byte is inserted between two Objects.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
parent	NODE	The node number of the parent Object, or 0 if this object has no parent (which is only the case for the Root directory).
next	BLCK	The next ObjectContainer belonging to this directory, or zero if it is the last in the chain.
previous	BLCK	The previous ObjectContainer belonging to this directory, or zero if it is the first ObjectContainer in this directory.
object	struct fsObject	A variable number of fsObject structures. The number of structures depends on the individual sizes of each fsObject structure and the blocksize. These structures are located directly after each other with at most 1 byte of padding between them to get the structures aligned on a 2 byte boundary.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsObjectContainer {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    NODE parent;
    BLCK next;
    BLCK previous;
    struct fsObject object[0];
}; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

fsHashTable is the structure of a HashTable block. It functions much like the hash table found in FFS user directory blocks, except that it is stored in a separate block. This block contains a number of hash-chains (about 120 for a 512 byte block). Each hash-chain is a chain of Nodes. Each Node has a pointer to an Object and a pointer to the next entry in the hash-chain.  Using such a hash-chain you can locate an object quickly by only knowing its name.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
parent	NODE	The node number of the directory Object this HashTable block belongs to.
hashentry	NODE	An array of Nodes. Each Node represents the start of a hash-chain (singly linked). A hash-value is calculated using the name of a file or directory, and this value determines in which chain the Object is linked. If there are no entries in a hash-chain then the hashentry value is zero.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsHashTable {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    NODE parent;
    NODE hashentry[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
To calculate the hash-value using a name of an Object as input use these routines:
&lt;pre&gt;
UWORD calchash(UBYTE *name) {
    UWORD hash=0;
    /* Calculates a hash value over the passed in string.
       The end of the string can be either a NUL byte or a
       slash. The hash function is the same as the one
       used in FastFileSystem set to international mode. */
    while(name[hash]!=0 &amp;&amp; name[hash]!='/') {
        hash++;
    }
    while(*name!=0 &amp;&amp; *name!='/') {
        hash=hash*13+upperchar(*name++);
    }

    return((UWORD)(hash % (UWORD)((blocksize-sizeof(struct fsHashTable))&gt;&gt;2)));
}
UBYTE upperchar(UBYTE c) {
    if((c&gt;=224 &amp;&amp; c&lt;=254 &amp;&amp; c!=247) || (c&gt;='a' &amp;&amp; c&lt;='z')) {
        c-=32;
    }
    return(c);
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

The BNodeContainer is used to store B-Trees. Currently only one B-Tree is in use by this filesystem and it is used to store the location of file data. The fsBNodeContainer structure contains two other structures. The fsBlockHeader structure and the BTreeContainer structure.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
btc	struct BTreeContainer	Contains information about the B-Tree and its nodes contained in this block.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBNodeContainer {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    struct BTreeContainer btc;
}; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


====Resources====

&lt;pre&gt;
rom/storage/mmakefile.src 
rom/storage/storage.conf 
rom/storage/storage_device.c 
rom/storage/storage_ids.c 
rom/storage/storage_init.c 
rom/storage/storage_intern.h 
rom/storage/storage_mount.c 
rom/storage/storage_unit.c
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
rom/storage/includes/device.h 
rom/storage/includes/unit.h 
rom/storage/includes/volume.h 
rom/storage/storage_intern.h 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;

&lt;/pre&gt;

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/ACPI|acpi.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Battclock|battclock.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Bootloader|bootloader.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Cia|cia.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Filesystem|FileSystem.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Hostlib|hostlib.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Kernel|kernel.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Misc|misc.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Processor|processor.resource]]

==Debugging Code==

Please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=43586&amp;atid=439463 AROS Bug Tracker] if any issues are found.


GRUB Command line list

&lt;pre&gt;
sysdebug  
usbdebug - allows to see Poseidon's log in debug output
&lt;/pre&gt;


How do I get debugging out of InitResident ? If running i386 hosted on linux sysdebug=initresident on command line.
This  way  you can enable any of listed flags. sysdebug=all stands for &quot;everything&quot;


Have an executable (crosscompiled C++ code) which has 6 MB size on disk, but after loading it in memory, 250 MB RAM is taken. Any software that would split AROS executable into ELF part which would show actual size values?

 readelf -S executable

it will show you all sections in elf file, including sizes and requested alignment.

 objdump -h filename

That's will give you a quick overview of the sections and sizes. Ignore all the .debug.* sections. 
Would hazard a guess that you have a large .bss section. That's pretty common in C++.

Next step:

 nm—size-sort filename | grep ' [bB] '

The last few will be your biggest consumers. Would suggest -C to demangle the symbols... ;)


Suggest profiling the program (just use some printf's in the main loop for time spent in each part), it usually is quite easy to spot slow parts in games or apps.

If someone has '#define IPTR ULONG' somewhere. To see where that define is, redefine IPTR in the source code that fails, just above the line that fails, and the preprocessor will tell you where it was defined first.

===How to setup gdb with AROS/hosted===

Download AROS sources (AROS-xxxxxxxx-source.tar.bz2, where xxxxxxxx is the current date) and AROS contrib sources (AROS-xxxxxxxx-contrib-source) from [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php aros.sourceforge.net/download.php]

Untar-bzip2 and cd to the unpacked archive directory.

 &gt; tar -xvjf AROS-xxxxxxxx-source.tar.bz2
 &gt; cd AROS-xxxxxxxx-source

Check the link to &quot;contrib&quot; (contrib-source) inside directory, e.g. correct like this:

 &gt; rm contrib
 &gt; ln -s ../AROS-xxxxxxxx-contrib-source.tar.bz2 contrib

Make sure you have the correct locale setting, otherwise compilation will fail at some point. See [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php#setting-the-locale-to-iso8859 here] (or link below) for more on that. You might have to enter this:

 &gt; export LANG=&quot;en_US.ISO-8859-1&quot;

Now configure for a debug build - see &quot;./configure --help&quot; for more - here are two examples:

 &gt; ./configure—enable-debug=stack,modules,symbols
 
 &gt; ./configure—enable-debug=all

You may &quot;make&quot; now, or choose a separate directory for your build (e.g. for easy removal), for example if compiling for i386 architecture you could create a directory like this:

 &gt; mkdir linux-i386
 &gt; cd linux-i386
 &gt; ../AROS/configure—enable-debug=stack,symbols,modules

When done configuring you're ready to go:

 &gt; make

Building AROS takes some time - minutes on fast machines (e.g. 2.5&amp;nbsp;GHz quadcore), up to hours on slower machines.
The result will be AROS Linux hosted with gdb debugging enabled.

See aros.org documentation for more on compiling AROS, including more [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php --enable-debug] options.


When finished, enter bin/linux-i386/AROS directory (replace &quot;linux-i386&quot; with your compilation target platform, e.g. linux-x86_64, etc.) inside the unpacked archive directory. This directory contains the required .gdbinit file for properly running AROS inside gdb.

 &gt; cd bin/linux-i386/AROS

Run AROS (here: with 128MB of memory) from gdb:

 &gt; gdb—args boot/aros-unix -m 128
or
 &gt; gdb—args boot/arosboot -m 128

 (gdb) r

Watch the shell output - in case AROS complains about &quot;LoadKeyCode2RawKeyTable: Loading &quot;DEVS:Keymaps/X11/keycode2rawkey.table&quot; failed!&quot; you should also see some instructions on how to create a keymap table. (see link above &quot;more on compiling&quot;, too.)
Quit gdb, and try default keymap table:

 (gdb) q
 The program is running.  Quit anyway (and kill it)? (y or n) y
 &gt; cd ../../..
 &gt; make default-x11keymaptable

Re-run AROS, as described above. Try e.g. RAros (= right windows key) + W to open a shell. If this doesn't work you have to create a keymap table yourself, quit gdb again, and make a new keytable:

 &gt; make change-x11keymaptable

A window will open. Watch the window's title bar, and follow the instructions.

When done, re-run AROS. RAros + W should now open a shell.

Next, compile your program with gdb support.


When you start GDB is there a warning which says

   warning: File &quot;&lt;whatever&gt;/.gdbinit&quot; auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to ...

If so start gdb with &quot;-ix .gdbinit&quot;


&lt;pre&gt;
Summary - In short:

* build AROS with debugging support (i.e. ./configure --enable-debug=all)
* build your application with debugging support (i.e. option -g)
* run AROS in the GNU debugger (you may use the GUI frontend &quot;ddd&quot; which simplifies usage a bit)
* start your application
* use the commands &quot;findaddr&quot; and &quot;add-symbol-file&quot; as written in the debugging manual
* if the debugger doesn't find the source code of your application use the &quot;dir&quot; command of the debugger. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

===How to use gdb===

In AROS open a shell, then (in host shell) use CTRL-Z to go into gdb. Use &quot;b Exec_CreatePool&quot; (one of the functions used early on by startup code in programs) to add a breakpoint, then &quot;cont&quot; and gdb will interrupt somewhere early during startup of &quot;program&quot;. Use &quot;bt&quot; to show backtrace and &quot;loadseg&quot; for &quot;??&quot; entries. One of them will be for &quot;program&quot;. After that you can use &quot;disassemble program&quot;.

One thing you need to make sure is that .gdbinit you have in your build directory is the same as in source tree. It has been modified some time ago, but the build system does not refresh it - you need to copy it manually

To recap, please read our debugging [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/debugging.php manual]:


To detect segfaulting when loading, try...

 ./configure—enable-debug—with-optimization=&quot;-O2&quot;

Because crash or no crash may depend on optimization. For newer compilers maybe this helps...

 --with-optimization=-&quot;-O2 -fno-strict-aliasing&quot;

One way to make crashes less random (more easily reproducible) is to activate the munging of free memory in rom/exec/freemem.c which is normally commented out:

&lt;pre&gt;
Index: freemem.c
===================================================================
--- freemem.c   (revision 34289)
+++ freemem.c   (working copy)
@@ -154,11 +154,12 @@
         * created with their TCB placed in the tc_MemEntry list. The workaround
         * is to avoid munging when FreeMem() is called with task switching disabled.
         */
+
        /* DOH! it doesn't work even this way. What's wrong???
-        *
-        * if ((SysBase-&gt;TDNestCnt &lt; 0) &amp;&amp; (SysBase-&gt;IDNestCnt &lt; 0))
-        *      MUNGE_BLOCK(memoryBlock, MEMFILL_FREE, byteSize);
         */
+
+       if ((SysBase-&gt;TDNestCnt &lt; 0) &amp;&amp; (SysBase-&gt;IDNestCnt &lt; 0))
+           MUNGE_BLOCK(memoryBlock, MEMFILL_FREE, byteSize);

     }
&lt;/pre&gt;

Mungwall can be turned on at runtime. Currently this works in all hosted versions. Just specify &quot;mungwall&quot; on kernel command line and it works. It can work on native too. In order to enable it you need to parse kernel command line, and if &quot;mungwall&quot; is present, set EXECF_MungWall bit in IntExecBase.IntFlags.

This needs to be done before the first AllocMem() for obvious reasons. And never reset back this flag! If you change it on a working system, you are doomed.

Hosted ports do the processing in rom/exec/prepareexecbase.c --enable-debug=mungwall option in configure still works but is going obsolete.  A kludge in rom/exec/allocmem.c is responsible for this and it needs to be removed when the transition is done.

BTW,  on  i386-pc  port it can be activated by &quot;mungwall&quot; argument on command line, you don't need to rebuild AROS.
New mungwall affects not only AllocMem()/FreeMem(), but also pools. I also tested it with AllocAbs(), seems to work correctly.

Runtime mungwall works on:

* pc-i386
* pc-x86_64
* linux-i386
* linux-x86_64
* darwin-x86
* linux-ppc

Works on all hosted ports, if the port itself is working.

* amiga-m68k
* Not on sam440-ppc and efika-chrp-ppc, even if they would be able to be built at moment. Does not work on (for now, need NVRAM support)

When starting my freshly rebuilt i386-linux-aros which was compiled with full debugging support I get sometimes the error &quot;Program exited with code 0377&quot;. Add the following to your .gdbinit: 
 set follow-fork-mode child

Here are some of the custom AROS gdb functions (defined in &quot;.gdbinit&quot; file) to resolve &quot;in ?? ()&quot; entries in backtrace: 
&lt;pre&gt;
#0 0xb7ffd424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
#1 0xb7e2a657 in sigsuspend () from /lib/libc.so.6
#2 0xb7c63900 in ?? ()
#3 0xb7c640e3 in ?? ()
#4 0xb7c641e0 in ?? ()
&lt;/pre&gt;

You can use

 loadseg 0xb7c63900
 loadframe 2
or
 loadbt
and some others. Use &quot;help &quot; for a little help text. If the commands do not work try &quot;loadkick&quot; first.


Use &quot;thistask&quot;, &quot;taskready&quot;, &quot;taskwait&quot; to get list of AROS tasks. &quot;bttask &quot; shows backtrace of a task which is in ready or in wait queue and &quot;loadseg&quot; to resolve &quot;??&quot; entries in it's backtrace (&quot;loadframe&quot; would not work as it assume current running task).

===Native debugging tools for AROS===

 to enable debugging at boot time entering the GRUB menu editing line (E key) and adding &quot;debug=memory&quot; to your boot line, then press Ctrl+X to complete booting.


SYS:Tools/Debug/'''Bifteck'''

Open a shell and enter the line below to run Biftek and grab the debug messages collected in RAM into a text file.

 tools/debug/bifteck &gt; ram:debug.txt

and certainly does not open a window. It is a shell tool and only dumps data located from the debug location.
It is therefore important to 'catch' that debug data as soon as possible (before it gets overridden). You should invoke bifteck at the first opportunity before doing anything else.  You can use the TO option to store bifteck output to a file or you can pipe it manually to a file.  


SYS:Tools/Debug/'''Sashimi''' - displays error messages

One suggestion is to do a bug() debugging. Each time bug() is executed it will be output on sashimi. 
You include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt; and place bug(&quot;something\n&quot;); in your source code at location though which control passes.

To get the output - open an aros shell

 SYS:Tools/Debug/sashimi &gt; RAM:out.txt

'''Ctrl C''' to end the output to the RAM Disk.

# open shell, and type
# ram: (to switch to ram drive)
# System:Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; mylogfile.txt
# open AHI prefs using wanderer (or use another opened shell)
# play test sound
# close AHI prefs
# shell still open with Sashimi running: press ctrl-c to break Sashimi and return to prompt.
# in shell: copy mylogfile.txt System: (or to your required location)


SYS:Utilities/'''Snoopy''' - monitors OS function calls, run &quot;Sashimi&quot; to see Snoopy's output


SYS:Tools/'''WiMP'''    - the Window (and Screens) Manipulation Program

You can use the -E option of gcc to find out how preprocessor macros are expanded.

===Errors===

crash in strcasecmp usually means that one of its arguments is NULL.

empty space between these two names, prossibly some invisible character 

Old Amiga [http://www.amigacoding.com/index.php?title=Guru_codes&amp;redirect=no Guru Codes]

If the crash is in intuition. Sometimes, if it relates to text, a null pointer sets it off. 
an uninitialised pointer can have any address (this is a common fault).


Compiling on 64bit, Many old code would not properly typecast when doing pointer-integer conversions and thus at least throw a warning. This can easily be located and fixed.

[http://www.aros.org/cs/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.php Portable code] 

* Use texteditor or some tool to replace all &quot;ULONG&quot; with &quot;IPTR&quot; and &quot;LONG&quot; with &quot;SIPTR&quot; in the sources.
* Fix (change IPTR/SIPTR back to ULONG/LONG) the few places which really rely on ULONG/LONG being exactly 32 bit. That's for things like pixel (ARGB) buffers, structs written/read to disk, colormaps, but probably not much else.

Then again, many current compilers also throw a warning when you try to assign a pointer value to an integer and the integer is possibly too small. This happens under .NET for example when a 64 bit pointer is assigned to something like an ULONG - so exactly the case which you described.


=== Linux ===


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
/* 1. Header for your name,date,purpose of program.
2. Pre-processor directives. This will include the #includes for files you want to add. 
3. Includes for function prototypes if necessary.
4. Main()
Create Pointers for Libraries and any Window you want to open.
5. Open necessary libraries.
6. Check if open exit program if fail.
7. Open a window exit program if fail.
8. Add your program
9. Close Window
10 Close Libraries.
11 End Program. */

/* standard os included headers &lt;.h&gt; */
#include &lt;dos/dos.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dosasl.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dosextens.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/exall.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/rdargs.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/memory.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;utility/utility.h&gt;
#include &lt;intuition/intuition.h&gt;

/* define as unresolved external references (proto/xxx.h) and compiler will link to auto(matically) open library */ 
#include &lt;proto/arossupport.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/dos.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/intuition.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/graphics.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/cybergraphics.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/datatypes.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/icon.h&gt;

#include &lt;workbench/workbench.h&gt;
#include &lt;workbench/icon.h&gt;

#include &lt;datatypes/pictureclass.h&gt;

#include &lt;proto/muimaster.h&gt;
#include &lt;libraries/mui.h&gt;

#include proto/bsdsocket.h

#include &lt;ctype.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;

/* my own headers &quot;.h&quot; */

#define CTRL_C      (SetSignal(0L,0L) &amp; SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C)
#define  isDir(fib) ((fib)-&gt;fib_DirEntryType &gt;= 0)

#define ARG_TEMPLATE    &quot;FILE/A,ALL/S,QUIET/S,W=WIDTH/N,H=HEIGHT/N,M=METHOD,DEFTOOL&quot;

int main(void)
{


	return retval;
} /* main */
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

If you used c++, there is not yet c++ support in our shared library system. 
The easiest way to create / compile a shared library would be to use the AROS build system but the libraries can be created manually. You have to create a ROMTAG structure and some header files.  

A shared library is built with the %build_module macro with a line like this:

 %build_module mmake=MetaTarget modname=mylib modtype=library files=SourceFiles 

This macro can build different AROS module types, like devices, Zune classes, HIDDs, etc.

&lt;pre&gt;
##begin config
version 1.0
##end config

##begin functionlist
void func1(LONG a, LONG b)
int func2(char *s, ULONG a)
##end functionlist
&lt;/pre&gt;

There is more [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/sys-dev/libraries.php here]

Alternatively,  

&lt;pre&gt;
#ifndef LIB_H
#define LIB_H

#define __NOLIBBASE__

#include &lt;exec/libraries.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/semaphores.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dos.h&gt;

#ifdef __AROS__
//#include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt;
#define reg(x)
#define __saveds
#endif

#define USESYSBASE struct ExecBase *SysBase = Base-&gt;My_SysBase;

struct MyTestBase
{
  struct Library   My_Test_Lib;
	struct ExecBase *My_SysBase;
	APTR             My_SegList;
  int              testint;
};

#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Resident header written for mytest.library */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define __NOLIBBASE__

#define VERSION         1
#define REVISION        0

#define LIBHEADNAME     mytest
#define LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;mytest&quot;
#define COMPDATE        &quot;04.10.2015&quot;
#define VERS            &quot;1.0&quot;

#define LIBBASETYPE 	struct MyTestBase
#define LIBBASETYPEPTR  LIBBASETYPE *

#include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/resident.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/nodes.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/libraries.h&gt;
#include &lt;aros/symbolsets.h&gt;
#include &quot;lib.h&quot;

const UBYTE lib_name[] = LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;.library&quot;;

const UBYTE lib_id[] = &quot;$VER: &quot; LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;.library &quot; VERS &quot; (&quot; COMPDATE &quot;) by ALB42\n&quot;;

extern const APTR FuncTable[];

AROS_UFP3 (LIBBASETYPEPTR, InitLib,
    AROS_UFPA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    AROS_UFPA(BPTR, seglist, A0),
    AROS_UFPA(struct ExecBase *, sysbase, A6)
);

static struct LibInitStruct
{
    IPTR                   LibSize;
    const APTR             *FuncTable;
    const struct DataTable *DataTable;
    APTR                    InitFunc;
}
const LibInitStruct =
{
    sizeof(LIBBASETYPE),
    FuncTable,
    NULL,
    (APTR)InitLib
};

const struct Resident romtag =
{
  RTC_MATCHWORD,              /* match word */
  (APTR)&amp;romtag,              /* back pointer */
  (APTR)(&amp;romtag + 1),        /* skip pointer */
  RTF_AUTOINIT | RTF_EXTENDED,/* flags */
  VERSION,                    /* version */
  NT_LIBRARY,                 /* type of module */
  0,                          /* init priority */
  (STRPTR)lib_name,           /* module name */
  (STRPTR)lib_id + 6,
  (APTR)&amp;LibInitStruct,
  REVISION, NULL
};

AROS_UFH3 (LIBBASETYPEPTR, InitLib,
    AROS_UFHA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    AROS_UFHA(BPTR, seglist, A0),
    AROS_UFHA(struct ExecBase *, sysbase, A6)
    )
{
    AROS_USERFUNC_INIT
    
    Base-&gt;My_SegList = seglist;
    Base-&gt;My_SysBase = (APTR)sysbase;
    Base-&gt;testint = 0;
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;InitLib\n&quot;);
    
    if (!set_open_libraries())
    {
      set_close_libraries();
      return NULL;
    }
    
    return Base;
    
    AROS_USERFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH1(LIBBASETYPEPTR, LibOpen,
    AROS_LHA (ULONG, version, D0),
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 1, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibOpen\n&quot;);

    (void)version;
    
    Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt++;
    return Base;

    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
    
}

__saveds APTR LibExpungeInternal(LIBBASETYPE *Base reg(a6))
{
  USESYSBASE
  APTR seglist;
  bug(&quot;LibExpungeInternal\n&quot;);

  if (Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt)
  {
    return 0;
  }

  seglist = Base-&gt;My_SegList;

  Forbid();
  Remove((struct Node*)Base);
  Permit();
  FreeMem((APTR)Base - Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_NegSize, (LONG)Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_PosSize +
    (LONG)Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_NegSize);
  
  set_close_libraries();
  return seglist;
}

AROS_LH0(BPTR, LibClose,
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 2, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibClose\n&quot;);

    if (!(--Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt))
    {
      return LibExpungeInternal(Base);          
    }
    return 0;
	
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH1(BPTR, LibExpunge,
    AROS_LHA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    struct ExecBase *, sysBase, 3, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT

    (void)sysBase;
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibExpunge\n&quot;);

    return LibExpungeInternal(Base);
	
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH0(LIBBASETYPEPTR, LibReserved,
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 4, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibReserved\n&quot;);

    return 0;
    //return (APTR)LibReserved();
    
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}


// Space for your own functions
// do not forget to update the FuncTable as well

AROS_LH1(int, TestFunction,
    AROS_LHA(int, TestValue, D0),
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 5, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;TestFunction\n&quot;);

    Base-&gt;testint = TestValue + Base-&gt;testint;
    
    return Base-&gt;testint;
    
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

// Functable -&gt; Table of all functions in the Library, in right order - important!

const APTR FuncTable[] = 
{
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibOpen,LIBHEADNAME,1),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibClose,LIBHEADNAME,2),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibExpunge,LIBHEADNAME,3),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibReserved,LIBHEADNAME,4),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(TestFunction,LIBHEADNAME,5),
    (void *)-1
};

// AutoInit stuff
void *__PROGRAM_ENTRIES__symbol_set_handler_missing;
void *__LIBS__symbol_set_handler_missing;
// end of AutoInitStuff
&lt;/pre&gt;

Makefile
&lt;pre&gt;
VPATH = 
CFLAGS = -O2 -g -fomit-frame-pointer -W -Wall -Wno-parentheses
CC = i386-aros-gcc
LD = i386-aros-gcc
LDFLAGS = -nostartfiles -Wl,-Map -Xlinker linkermap
LIBS = -lautoinit -llibinit
STRIP = i386-aros-strip --strip-unneeded --remove-section .comment

OBJS = lib_header.o 

all: mytest.library

mytest.library: $(OBJS)
	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS) -o $@

lib_header.o: lib_header.c lib.h

clean:
	rm -f *.o *.library *.ppu testlibrary linkermap
&lt;/pre&gt;


Porting UNIX library to AROS - dealing with static variables which would make it easy to port such libraries to AROS, keeping the benefits of sharing them on disk, but losing the benefit of actually sharing them in memory.

Our problem arises by the fact we want to share the actual code (the .text section of the library) and constant data, but we need to have per-task .bss and .data sections. If we get rid of our intention to share the .text and .rodata sections, things get quite easy: just load and relocate the library whenever it's open, by whoever it's open. It's like statically linking the library into the executable, except that the final linking is done at runtime.

In the V0 branch, in workbench/hidds/hidd.nouveau was committed pcimock.hidd. This is a pci driver that allows mocking real PCI devices under linux-hosted. The main idea is to be able to run the real hardware driver under linux-hosted with as little changes as possible (some changes will always be needed though unless someone wants to write complete device simulator) so that driver's code paths can be executed and debugged using gdb. This was a very helpful capability when porting nouveau. Now it is externalized from nouveau.hidd and can be used by other people porting drivers. The pcimock.hidd can currently mock 4 different nvidia cards, 1 AGP bridge and also mock irq.hidd.

What's the difference between this driver and the pcilinux.hidd? I used that one to develop many different HW drivers for aros. As far as I understood the intention of pcilinux.hidd it is supposed to get access to real hardware that is running under linux. The pcimock.hidd goal is to mock the hardware. For example my dev box is a PCIE system, but I still would like to run the AGP codes paths in nouveau under linux-hosted to check if they don't seg fault. The other case would be to run codes paths for hardware that the developer does not have (Fermi cards in my case). In the case of pcimock.hidd, the AROS driver's code paths will execute as long as you add proper mocking (for example fill in PCI config area or values for registers in BARs). This is an advantage for ported drivers - the code should already work (since it worked on another system) but there might have been mistakes made during porting which can be detected easily with gdb.

In case you are writing your driver from scratch, pcilinux.hidd hidd will give you more advantage, since you can actually access the real hardware from linux-hosted.


== Misc ==

===APL, MPL, BSD, GPL and LGPL Licences===

The majority of AROS sources in licensed under AROS Public License ([http://aros.sourceforge.net/license.html APL]) which (to a degree) protects us from someone taking AROS sources and not contributing improvements back (for example MorphOS took some AROS source and then contributed changes back)

It is written to allow the use of AROS code in other open source or commercial projects without exception whilst providing a mechanism so that improvements/additions can find their way back to the original source in one form or another.

There are &quot;3rd&quot; party applications used by AROS that do not fall under this license, which are an extra &quot;Contrib&quot; download for convenience.

Anyone can port GPL-ed network and sound drivers as AROSTCP and AHI are GPLed. Direct using (porting) [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#GPLIncompatibleLibs GPL]-ed code in other parts of AROS (gfx, sata, usb) is not possible because AROS license is not compatible with GPL. You need to utilize permissive licensed code like BSD or MIT/X11.


BSD and MPL license are the closest to APL.

APL however is not so compatible with LGPL/GPL.

LGPL case - you cannot statically combine APL code with LGPL. You can, however thank to LGPL being &quot;lesser&quot; restrictive, use LGPL dynamically loaded libraries in APL codes.

GPL case - you cannot combine APL code with GPL in any way if there is no explicit clause by GPLed code authors allowing that. If you do combine APL with GPL in &quot;bad&quot; ways described above - you have a problem (you violate GPL). This problem might result in everything in AROS becoming GPL or everything running or AROS becoming GPL (here I'm not sure really). The other scenario is that you are not allowed to legally distribute such code at all. To be honest I have grasped how to violate GPL, but I'm still no exactly sure what happens when you violate it (but I'm sure it's not anything nice)

GPL software can run on top of non-GPL &quot;system components&quot; (see system components exception of GPL), but the other way around (non-GPL using GPL) leads to problems. This means applications like scout, or Quake III are ok (in the majority of cases).

Theres no reason GPL drivers cannot be ported - but they cant be in AROS's ROM (requires linking APL code with GPL), nor can AROS depend on them (e.g. they must use existing apis).
If they are launched (dynamically linked) by a user action that is allowed. It is also allowed to distribute such binaries together for convenience.

GPL is not about statical or dynamic linking but is about executing process and function calls.


These components - SFS, isapnp, Zune texteditor, AHi, network drivers, freetype, openuirl, BHFormat, Edit and (&quot; dynamically loaded libraries&quot;) are LGPL, not GPL. Mesa/Nouveau stuff is MIT. Some user tools are GPL though.

'''AROS (system)'''
* system components (libraries/classes/devices/etc) cannot be GPL as they would propagate GPL to complete system as well as GPL is not compatible with MPL from which APL is based 
* system components can be LGPL v2 or a permissive license (MIT/BSD)
* system applications can be anything you like (but still I would prefer APL or permissive so the code can be reused if needed)

'''Contrib:'''
* no rules - contrib does not impact AROS system since nothing in AROS system depends on contrib.

About stealing code: The chances of this happening is exactly the same whether we are APL or GPL. If any closed-source option wanted to do it, there is no one that can validate otherwise. MorphOS has used some AROS codes, but contributed changes back.

The rationale behind APL is that while it guarantees that the original developer will get the improvements back (to a certain degree - file based), the person who uses the codes does not have to open his original codes. BSD does not guarantee that the original developer gets improvements. GPL requires the person using the codes to open his codes as well.

The copyright holders needs to stay - we just need information from them that the codes are available under APL (for example a checked-in file like in case of Poseidon). We don't do transfer of copyrights.

; Ultimately what can and cannot be done is up to the author(s) - not the licence.

===AROS source code tree===

* http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-trunk.txt
* http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-contrib.txt


Found this interesting (non-GPL) licensing 'anomaly' - to keep in mind for distributors.

Programs that lose their license if sold (&quot;non-profit only&quot; licensed):
  contrib/aminet/comm/term/TinyTerminal
  contrib/aminet/dev/basic/bwBASIC
  contrib/aminet/text/edit/xdme
  contrib/fish/aroach
  contrib/fish/lotto
  contrib/fish/shuffle
  contrib/fish/touch
  + cdvdfs.


Here is a list of all the GPL/GPLv2/GPLv3 licenses fossology found, what have explicit licenses in their comments.


 excluded LGPL, BSD/GPL dual licensed and programs (such as Prefs/Edit and BHFormat)

&lt;pre&gt;
AROS/rom/dbus/include/  AFL_v2.1 ,GPL_v2+  (supposedly AFL &lt; 3 is GPL incompatible) 
AROS/workbench/classes/zune/betterstring/include/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/classes/zune/texteditor/include/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/classes/datatypes/gemimage/ GPL_v2+ GPL
AROS/workbench/classes/datatypes/degas/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/libs/openurl/README: GPL
AROS/workbench/network/smbfs/documentation/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/smbfs/source_code/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/kern/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/mmakefile.src conf.h  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/sys/  CMU ,GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/net/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/api/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/conf/conf.h: GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/netinclude/net/radix.h: CMU ,GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AHI/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AddAudioModes/ GPL_v2+  AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AddAudioModes/COPYING: GPL 
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/Docs/texinfo.tex: GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/COPYING: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/Drivers/EMU10kx/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AHI-Handler/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8029/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/pcnet32/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/ppp/LEGAL: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/atheros5000/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rhine/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/nForce/  GPL_v2+  GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/prism2/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/fec/LEGAL: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8139/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/etherlink3/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/intelpro100/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8169/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/emac/   GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8168/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/realtek8180/   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/via-rhine/via-rhine.c: GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/via-rhine/   GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/e1000/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/sis900/  GPL   GPL_v2+
&lt;/pre&gt;

AHI: it has special provisions (COPYING.DRIVERS). The library is LGPL, preferences software is GPL and drivers can be anything without breaking GPL/LGPL.

Network stack: well, we are long overdue for a new, IPv6 enabled network stack anyway, anyone interested? ;) Seriously though it seems like the glue code is GPL and as all the drivers. However some of the drivers are our own code, so they could be relicensed to LGPL.

 Same filter as the AROS trunk list. These should all be libraries or plugins - no programs.

&lt;pre&gt;
contrib/regina/utsname.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/mui/classes/nlist/include/default-align.h: GPL_v2+
contrib/mui/classes/nlist/include/amiga-align.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/mui/classes/BWins/include/MUI/BWin_mcc.h: GPL
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/include/BWin_private_mcc.h: GPL
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/COPYING: GPL_v2
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/MCC_BWins.readme: GPL_v2

contrib/mui/classes/thebar/include/default-align.h: GPL_v2+
contrib/mui/classes/thebar/include/amiga-align.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/LEGAL: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D.readme: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d.c: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d_opengl.h: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d_opengl.c: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/Wazp3D.h: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/Wazp3D.c: GPL

contrib/libs/mpega/  GPL_v2+
&lt;/pre&gt;

http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-contrib.txt

===Types===

On AROS following rules apply:
&lt;pre&gt; 
1. BYTE/UBYTE is 8bit, WORD/UWORD is 16bit, LONG/ULONG is 32bit, QUAD/UQUAD is 64bit, the types are comparable with stdint types (int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t)
2. IPTR/SIPTR are integer types large enough to fit pointer, that is sizeof(IPTR) = sizeof(APTR) = 4 on 32bit system, and = 8 on 64bit system
3. ti_Data in TagList is large enough to hold a IPTR/APTR type.
4. never store a pointer in integer of type LONG. It may work (if the pointer has upper 32bits clear), but does not have to. Compiler should warn you about that.
5. If you are unsure about point 4, allocate your memory with MEMF_31BIT flag set. But don't expect that AROS internals will do the same.
&lt;/pre&gt; 
point 4 is actually important.


* UBYTE/BYTE for 8bit
* UWORD/WORD for 16bit
* ULONG/LONG for 32bit
* UQUAD/QUAD for 64bit

&lt;pre&gt;
UBYTE    Unsigned 8 bit integer variable (byte).
BYTE     Signed 8 bit integer variable (byte).
UWORD    Unsigned 16 bit integer variable (word).
WORD     Signed 16 bit integer variable (word).
ULONG    Unsigned 32 bit integer variable (longword).
LONG     Signed 32 bit integer variable (longword).
FLOAT    32 bit IEEE floating point variable.
UQUAD    Unsigned 64 bit integer variable.
QUAD     Signed 64 bit integer variable.
DOUBLE   64bit IEEE floating point variable.
BOOL     Boolean variable, TRUE and FALSE are also defined in exec/types.h.
VOID     Void.

APTR     A generic pointer for multiple purposes - Arrays.
STRPTR   A pointer to a null-terminated string.
IPTR     Really important in AROS, the only way to declare a field that can contain both: an integer or a pointer.
&lt;/pre&gt;

if you want to write really portable app, you may be interested in standard datatypes defined in C99: int8_t, uint8_t, int16_t, uint16_t, int32_t, uint32_t, int64_t, uint64_t, intptr_t, uintptr_t. They are all defined in inttypes.h include file.

In exec/types.h the following short-cuts are typedef'd. They are used often in AROS, so you should nearly always include exec/types.h and soon only they will be removed from sys/_types.h include, all types are now defined in include files named aros/types/xxx.h.

(Preparation for C library split; sys/xxx.h include will only be available there when compiling with POSIX C library)


Compiler specific types, like int and long might change their size. In case of AROS, similar to linux, int remains 32 bit whereas long grows to 64 bits in size.

If you use Amiga-like data types, i.e. BYTE/UBYTE, WORD/UWORD, LONG/ULONG and QUAD/UQUAD or the C99 standard types (uint8_t and so on, see stdint.h include) then you should have less issues to solve than by using types without size guarantee.

Of course, all pointers grow to 64 bytes using 64bit cpu. Most of the code can be just recompiled and will work. In rare cases, where e.g. pointers are casted to integers, a special care must be taken. Especially in the cases, where pointer is casted to LONG/ULONG (this code will break on 64 bit AROS) e.g.  '#define IPTR ULONG'.

With compiler delint patches which the majority of them are simple casting issues to make the compiler happy. Notice some of the changes involve introducing double casts. In very recent versions of GCC. Yes, the bulk of the double casts are for converting 32 bit addresses (ie from a 32 bit PCI DMA address register) to a 64 bit pointer. First cast is to IPTR (to expand to 64 bits, and prevent sign extension if the address is above 0x7FFFFFFF), and then to APTR.

ULONG != IPTR except on 32bit .. so if you need to store pointers make sure and use IPTR and not ULONG (which some old code does). For this reason things like Taglist elements are 64bit (since the tag data can be a pointer). 
If your passing items on the stack you should use the STACKED attribute to make sure they are correctly aligned (on 64bit all items on the stack are 64bit..)

There is more issues like using &quot;== 0L&quot; causes problems.

===Endian===

*BE 
*LE

Use the macros from &lt;endian.h&gt; instead making a guess based upon architecture defines
 
&lt;pre&gt;
#if _BYTE_ORDER == _BIG_ENDIAN

#elif _BYTE_ORDER == _LITTLE_ENDIAN

#else
+
#error &lt;whatever.h&gt; - Byte order for this architecture is unsupported! 
&lt;/pre&gt;


===SVN and GIT===

If you want to help develop AROS OS itself, you can 

* view current GIT/SVN entries [http://aros.sourceforge.net/ Aros Org website] or [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Github], [https://github.com/ezrec older ezrec mirror], [https://github.com/michalsc/AROS/ older mirror], [https://trac.aros.org/trac/timeline TRAC], [], 
* awaiting update [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git git repo], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/commits ohloh] or [https://svn.aros.org/svn/aros/trunk/ svn repo] and access [Git version git://repo.or.cz/AROS.git here], 
* deprecated [https://www.gitorious.org/aros/aros/commit/a7fda9e ARIX commits] or [https://gitorious.org/aros/aros GIT old]

If you have SVN access (early 2015 introduced a new SVN server, create a new account at trac aros org) and/or have obtained the source [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php AROS site] - you can compile the current build tools/environment using: 

 &gt; make development

and follow this [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php#building procedure] or [https://github.com/apiraino/aros_guide Guide] 


https://trac.aros.org/trac#Developing

If you plan on contributing back changes, please post information about such changes first on this [http://mail.aros.org/mailman/listinfo/aros-dev/ mailing list] for more experience developers can validate whether they are correct.


Then there are the nightly build machines. They svn update before the build and run configure as one of the next steps. autoconf might be added to the nightly build scripts.

Our build relies on packages downloaded from Internet (SDL for example) - it always worked this way. The minimal requirement (when just building core AROS) is binutils and gcc. If you build contrib as well, you need many more packages to be downloaded.

https://gitorious.org/aros/aros/commits/crosstools-II

git://gitorious.org/aros/aros.git

Branch crosstools-II there is only one commit on top of ABI_V1 
&lt;pre&gt;
../../aros-src/AROS/configure --enable-ccache
--with-portssources=~/aros/Sources --target=pc-x86_64
--with-aros-toolchain-install=/home/weissms/media/data/aros/test/crosstools/pc-x86_64
&lt;/pre&gt;
and
&lt;pre&gt;
../../aros-src/AROS/configure --enable-ccache
--with-portssources=~/aros/Sources --target=pc-i386
--with-aros-toolchain-install=/home/weissms/media/data/aros/test/crosstools/pc-i386
&lt;/pre&gt;
build OK.


:''More information: [[Aros/Developer/Maintainer|AROS Maintainer Docs]]''

===SDI Calls===

Integrate the 'SDI'-headers to allow easier porting to all amiga-like platforms.

&lt;pre&gt;
PUTCHARPROTO( PutTheChar, char c, struct SPrintfStream *s  )
{
 // REAL CODE
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

have &quot;SDI_compiler.h&quot; and &quot;SDI_hook.h&quot; included

its more organized like

 #include SDI/SDI_hook.h

than

 #include SDI_hook.h

option 1 --- i also use when back porting from amiga's..

&lt;pre&gt;
#ifdef __AROS__
#include SDI/SDI_hook.h
#else
#include SDI_hook.h
#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

also

you can add the -i include/sdi/ location if you do not want to add or edit any files.


Defining HOOKPROTO to IPTR name(struct IClass * cl, Object * obj, Msg msg); solved the problem

A MUI application most likely needs only the HOOKPROTOxxx SDI macros. They are compatible with AROS, only the attributes (hook, object attribute) must be given in the right order. examine compiler/include/aros/symbolsets.h (AROS_LIBREQ)

compiling mui stuff for aros setting -std=gnu99 is necessary (i have had -std=c99 most of the time).

===Locale with Flexcat===

Most languages have a locale, but not every app is localized, the only thing needed is to translate the &quot;catalog&quot; files. It is a case of locating the correct catalog and saving the translated version.

For every app that lacks of your language catalog and is localized anyway, you should find (in the sources) files related to locale:

* file.cd = catalog descriptor, contains base msg, with internal language (usually english)
* language.ct = catalog translation, contains every translated msg, indexed as in the file.cd.

Compare with other localized apps... Then, &quot;make my_app-catalogs&quot; should create and install your translated catalogs. ex : for, saying, sys:prefs/wanderer:

on root of AROS sources, type:
 &quot;make workbench-prefs-wanderer-catalogs&quot;
then (if you changed the .cd file):
 &quot;make workbench-prefs-wanderer&quot;

For apps not localized, you have to adapt their code to support it, if it is possible...

noticed the original .cd file has many (//) strings at the end of any voice, so added them also to the .ct file. 
That (//) is only for cd files. I'm highly recommending to use FlexCat for updating ct files, e.g. like this:

 flexcat app.cd deutsch.ct newctfile deutsch.ct

You'll get error checking and new entries are marked in the resulting ct file.

When editing .ct files, only change those lines containing translation and perhaps version string, nothing else.
The rest is up to the relevant tool, flexcat. In order to update your translation, type in the following in your shell:

 flexcat xyz.cd xyz.ct NEWCTFILE xyz_upd.ct COPYMSGNEW

This way you will not only make sure you have correct translation file but flexcat also pre-fills newly added strings with &quot;*** NEW *** text. Even better tool for checking cd/ct/catalog files is catcheck, but this one is sadly only available for AmigaOS/68k...

Some languages have variations, like portugues from portugal and portugues from brasil differs...

This is the way to go. I will have a look at language files, but basically if those two languages differ you have to do two separated set of translation files, yes.
(you could create a brazilian slang language localization too)

* At system level localization for one language is a dot language file.
(ex: locale:languages/klingon.language)

* At app level localization is a dot catalog file
(ex: locale:catalogs/klingon/system/libs/dos.catalog)

* At sources level, the dot ct file, and &quot;$language&quot; dot cd files and some building framework.
(ex: catalogs/my_app.ct catalogs/klingon.cd catalogs/mmakefile.src support.c support.h)

Please, use Flexcat to generate CT files: 
 FlexCat wanderer.cd NEWCTFILE=deutsch.ct

Then fill the first 2 lines with something useful:
&lt;pre&gt;
## version $VER: wanderer.catalog 1.1 (9.2.2006)
## language deutsch
&lt;/pre&gt;

You can even update the CT-File: (This adds the new strings)
 FlexCat wanderer.cd deutsch.ct NEWCTFILE=deutsch.ct


To compile a catalog you only need the .cd file and your translation (.ct file):
 FlexCat multiview.cd deutsch.ct CATALOG=MultiView.catalog


[http://murks-ide.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/murks-ide/trunk/src/Catalogs/flexcat_linux?revision=100 Linux version of FlexCat]

: [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/app-dev/localization.php#localization-for-non-developers More information]


A script which compares the required version (i.e. the version which an application/module etc. tries to open) with the version of the existing CT files. The result is in this table:

https://github.com/aros-translation-team/translations/wiki/Progress

The following cases are highlighted:

    n/a i.e. CT misses at all
    version in existing CT file is lower than the required version


It might be a bit difficult to participate if you haven't worked with Git before but alternatively you can send your CT files to our Slack channel.

When the ct file has been generated via flexcat (flexcat keyshow.cd NEWCTFILE=spanish.ct) it has the following header:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## version $VER: &lt;name&gt;.catalog &lt;ver&gt;.&lt;rev&gt; (04.01.2021)
## language nolanguage
## codeset 0
;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Those values &lt;ver&gt;.&lt;rev&gt; are the version and revision of the CT file for the languaje or are the values of the application being localized?

The &lt;ver&gt; part must match with version which the application tries to open. You can find the value either in the column &quot;Required Version&quot; in the table which I've linked above, our you can look in the git repository. For keyshow it would be https://github.com/aros-translation-team/keyshow. You can find in the file &quot;catalog_version.h&quot; the right version number.
The &lt;rev&gt; part starts for new CT files with 0 and should be increased every time the CT file is updated.

Updated several files and created a few more that were missing on the spanish catalog.

The catalogs are in Git repositories at https://github.com/aros-translation-team

a) You tell me your Github user name. I'll invite you. You can work directly with the Git repositories.

b) You create Github forks of the catalog repositories and create pull requests.

c) You send the CT files to mrustler  gmx de


===C Utils Misc===

The AROS source uses at several places the __DATE__ macro to fill the date entry of a $VER tag. Problem is that c:version doesn't understand that date format (e.g. &quot;May 21, 2011&quot;). As a result the output of e.g.
&gt; &quot;version c:shell full&quot; contains &quot;(null)&quot;. Is extending the version command to understand the format of __DATE__  the right solution for that problem?

AmigaOs compilers should use __AMIGADATE__ macro or similar form, if it isn't implemented it could be emulated in makefile: -D__AMIGADATE__=\&quot;$(shell date &quot;+%d.%m.%Y&quot;)\&quot;

BTW. I think DD.MM.YYYY is better format than &quot;Month DD YYY&quot; because &quot;Month DD YYY&quot; is not localized in any way.

&quot;strnicmp&quot; shouldn't work with NULL pointers

The Situation:

compiled a linklib using c++ object files (using the c++ cross compiler).
compiled a C stub that uses the linklib (using the c++ cross compiler).

Try to link them together (using the c++ cross compiler) with C object
files (using the normal target c compiler) that need to use -nostartup
= cant do because using the c++ files pulls in arosc (for stdio etc) -
so wants to have the autoinit stuff present.

What can I do about this??

If it is possible to manually open it then what do I need to do exactly?

=== ENV ===

The philosophy behind ENV: is that keeping configuration files there allows you to  'Use'  preferences  by  keeping  a copy in ENVARC: intact. However in some cases (like this one) it is not required.

99% of the time that statement is true (not required) for pretty much every file in ENV: or do people change their default icons - and prefs settings - every boot?

There seem to be a bad habit of late with developers changing things to reflect their own personal preference when the change isn't actually necessary - It would be nice if people could refrain from doing that in the tree without at least discussing it on the dev-list first (and with good reasoning unless they commited said work in the first place..)

We're not keen on the pollution of the &quot;S:&quot; dir: it's meant to be for scripts. What's wrong with &quot;ENV:&quot;?
Only the fact that it takes up RAM. I  understand  that  for  PCs  with  several gigabytes of RAM this is
irrelevant. But let's remember about other machines. The philosophy behind ENV: is that keeping configuration files there allows you to  'Use'  preferences  by  keeping  a copy in ENVARC: intact.

However in some cases (like this one) it is not required.

How about implementing in the style of HappyENV then? RAM-disk handler that falls through to reading from ENVARC: if there is no such file stored in it already. Removes RAM usage for unchanged files, removes the need to copy ENVARC to ENV in startup-sequence. 
Shouldn't be too hard to make from AmberRAM, or even just extend AmberRAM to provide this service.

Is it feasable to build a special version of AmberRAM handling ENV: that will try and copy the requested file from ENVARC: if it isnt found in ENV: ? 
Additionaly it could mark closed &quot;files&quot; as untouched - and expunge them from ENV: after a period of time to free up additional RAM:, or when the system is running low on free memory?

Silenty disappearing files may not be a good plan. Would be nice if the following would work:

ASSIGN :ENV SYS:Prefs/Env-Arc ADD
ASSIGN :ENV RAM:ENV  ADD

Where new files put in ENV: end up in RAM:ENV, and opening files looks in RAM:ENV first, then SYS:Prefs/Env-Arc

Well - that's essentially what im proposing but without the assigns - or need for a RAM:ENV directory. 
Adding it as a feature of AmberRAM sounds like the most memory efficient way (one handler to load in RAM) but that's only if it is possible to make it handle ENV: additionaly to RAM:, and if it is even possible to add the proposed functionality (...and how to make it enable it when accessing ENV:).

===(AS)MP support===

If one has to recompile software for SMP multi core, is there any thing special one has to do to get software to run?   
Use task.resource if you need to query information about what tasks are running, and clear msgports completely when they are allocated.

Most code should not need Forbid. Use Semaphores, Messages etc to sync your own code. 

Accessing system structures is a different thing. Use the proper API whenever possible.

How single structures will be protected in the future is still a moving target, at least it is not documented. And you should never  use undocumented stuff  


Ideas on for SMP multi-core

Another suggestion is ... Forbid/Permit function calls are meant to halt multitasking so as no other task could intervene with what ever the calling task is doing, e.g. setting semaphores. Disable/Enable calls are meant to halt interrupts and as a side effect they also halt task switching.

One option is to make it compulsory to protect shared resources with semaphores and forbid the use of simple Forbid() calls as to protect something. Setting semaphore should be done if possible with atomic instructions (check and alter in one instruction). Or make the second concurrent ObtainSemaphore call halt the second calling task and force if possible a task switch which ever gives better results. 

Semaphores could store the owning tasks task pointer instead of boolean to make things easier.

As long as the CPU initiates the DMA transfers through the OS, and the OS ensures that the transferred memory is within the region accessible to the user initiating the transfer, everything is fine. The CPU is the conductor, and the CPU by that has the control of which DMA transfer is initiated and which is not.
All you need to do is to write device drivers reasonable. Hint: CachePreDMA and CachePostDMA exist.
All the Os has to do is to verify that the memory regions to be transferred are valid, and prohibit direct access to the DMA control registers from user space. None of these algorithms imply huge costs.
The current OS design doesn't really allow virtual memory in first place, Forbid() is again the problem.

[http://www.tbs-software.com/guide/index.php?guide=autodocs.doc%2Fmemory.doc&amp;node=1 memory.library API] seem to low level. IMHO the programs should not know how the swapping is implemented. I would just go for one new memory flag
MEMF_SWAPPABLE that indicates that a certain memory region or a whole memory pool won't be accessed during Forbid()/Permit() etc. It only solves part of the problem, it only implements virtual memory and not memory protection. For the latter you need to be able make certain memory inaccessible by other programs, some memory read-only for one task and read-write for other tasks, etc. And I think this should be done in the same Address Space in order to avoid you constantly need to swap between different address spaces. 
So to summarize, if there are programs using this API we may provide a wrapper layer to get them working but I am not convinced this API should be the reference API with whom to provide VM to AROS programs.

=== Variadic ===

variadic functions (i.e. functions with an arbitrary amount of arguments).

&lt;pre&gt;
    #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;
    [...]

    char * STDARGS GetKeyWord(int value, char *def, ...)
    {
        [...]
        va_list va;
        [...]
        va_start(va, def);
        [...]
        va_end (args);

&lt;/pre&gt;

Please keep with using stdarg rather than having va casted to a LONG * type and varargs handled manually. Doing so, prevents tons of casting, where a simple va_arg can be used. So, string = *((char **) args) instead of string=va_arg(va, char *).

&lt;pre&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;

int printf (const char * format, ...)

{
    int     retval;
    va_list args;

    va_start (args, format);

    retval = vfprintf (stdout, format, args);

    va_end (args);

    fflush (stdout);

    return retval;
} /* printf */
&lt;/pre&gt;

Couldn't find varargs.h or stdarg.h. and have no use for AROS_SLOWSTACKHOOKS or AROS_SLOWSTACKTAGS.

GCC looks for stdarg.h in a different place: 
 /bin/linux-i386/tools/lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/include/stdarg.h

Here is a path for a &quot;normal&quot; header:
 bin/linux-i386/tools/lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/../../../../i386-aros/sys-include/aros/system.h


The use of vararg.h isn't supported by newer gcc versions. If you want your code to run on architectures that pass part of variadic arguments in a number of registers you need to use AROS_SLOWSTACK macros. Otherwise your program will not work on powerpc and x86_64 ports.

Of course the SLOWSTACK stuff is not needed in a function that can use va_list, va_start, va_arg and va_end. It's only needed if you want to write functions like DoMethod or similar.

 #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;

should be enough no matter if you do cross or native compiling. If it does not work, something is wrong and should be corrected.

Stdarg.h is here, Development:lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/include/

...which is part of the compiler's default include paths. In other words, #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt; works out of the box, indeed. (sorry, I should have just tried it before invoking &quot;search&quot; or &quot;find&quot;...)

furthermore, myprintf() as shown above won't work, because...

 printf(format, args);

...is wrong - the second argument does not match printf() prototype, it expects a argument list, but args is of type va_list (obviously) - so one has to use...

 vfprintf(stdout, format, args);

...instead, just like in the original printf(), and add fflush(stdout).

additionally, one could use...

 int myarg = va_arg(args, int);

...between va_start() and va_end() to access individual arguments, where each call to va_arg() returns an argument casted to the desired type (here: &quot;int&quot;) from the list given (here: &quot;args&quot;) and advances to the next one.

wrapping up vfprintf() and modifying the format string now is a major speedup! no more backslash-n typing! this has been haunting me for years!

On MOS and AmigaOS, the NewObject variadic function is kept in the static library. It takes most of the parameters on the stack - thanks to that the implementation of NewObject calls the NewObjectA function. Everything works perfect, and the typical MUI macros may be easily used.

This, however, is not the case when you compile for AROS. Here, NewObject is a variadic macro, not a function. Thanks such approach we do not need any custom compiler in case of systems, where the arguments of variadic functions are passed partially through registers and partially through the stack (This is the case of PPC and x86_64, this is also the reason why both OS4 and MOS require specially patched compilers).

Since NewObject is a macro, the gcc's preprocessor expects the list of macros arguments enclosed within parentheses. In MUI macros it is not the case. Imagine the following test code:

&lt;pre&gt;
#define foo(a,b) ((a)+(b))

int loosy_function(int a, int b)
{
    return foo(a,b);
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

This will compile and work, but the following piece of code:

&lt;pre&gt;
#define foo(a,b) ((a)+(b))
#define END )

int loosy_function(int a, int b)
{
    return foo(a,b END;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

will fail with the error: unterminated argument list invoking macro &quot;foo&quot;

There are two ways of fixing your issue. Either create your new objects outside this huge MUI constructions, and in there use just a pointer, or get rid of the &quot;End&quot; macro and exchange it with &quot;TAG_DONE)&quot;.


Badly written software is, for example, casting va_list to an APTR or even doing so as if va_list were a plain table of function arguments. Such code needs to be fixed because it has very few chances to work anywhere but on author's machine ;)

The problem is nOt that they assume sizeof(APTR) == 4, its that they often do not use APTR, and use ULONG to store pointers exclusively. If the code used APTR/IPTR as it should - most of the &quot;problems&quot; wouldn't exist.

It would also help if people would start using variadic arguments properly. Many coders do assumptions which shall never be made. Instead, they should consider using stdarg.h file and all the va_* functions :)

===ABI===

In the head of our SVN repository there are now only 3 directories:

&lt;pre&gt;
admin/
branches/
trunk/
&lt;/pre&gt;

We have added two extra dirs there: tags and imports

As discussed when we branch ABI V0 and [[Aros/Developer/ABIv1|ABI V1]] it would also be good to introduce tags. Normally this is done in a directory in the repository called tags. Currently we don't have this directory there. (We do have branches/tags that is a hack I have done because one doesn't have write access in the top directory. I think this directory is not clean and should be removed).

The second directory I would introduce is an imports directory for implementing vendor branches as discussed in the svn [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/svn.advanced.vendorbr.html book]. Currently we use code from several different projects and that code is stored inside the AROS tree; we seem to have problems with keeping this code up to date and merge our changes upstream. Maintainers of up stream projects like the MUI classes etc. have complained about this (to put it lightly).

Introducing these vendor branches would make it easier to see what changes we have made and make patches to be sent upstream and make it easier to import newer upstream versions of their code. Although can't &quot;copy&quot; the vendor branch into the main branch because it's already there, so start with a &quot;merge&quot;.

Yes, the first step to make the code already in the repository compatible with the vendor branches will be the most difficult. The best way to do it the following way:

* first import the version on which the current AROS code is based into the vendor branch
* then import the new version over it in the vendor branch
* finally merge the difference between these two version in the AROS code present in the repository.

For example, place NList directly under vendor and not in a subdirectory like &quot;contrib/zune/classes&quot;.

Actually after we have a stable [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/specifications/drafts/abiv1.php ABIv1 (2012 or later)]. We need to move away as much as possible from the contrib directory to some other repositories. The reasons are ...

* The AROS repository should be for the core AROS code.
* other contrib projects should be tried to be compiled for all Amiga-like OSes.
* The release scheme for AROS and the other programs should not have to be aligned.
* Binary versions should be provided on aros-archives and on aminet and/or OS4Depot to install them. (Some clever programs should maybe be provided to make the life of distribution developers easier). 
* avoid parallel forks of programs for AROS and the other amiga OSes.

If there is really a need for a place for hosting AROS projects we may investigate setting up such a server but then including bug tracking, governance, maillist, etc. for each project separately. I personally think there are already enough places like sourceforge, google code, savannah, etc. where people can go for hosting such projects.

==Links==

* http://amigadocs.hokstad.com
* http://amigadocs.hokstad.com/doku.php?id=dev-links
* http://www.liquido2.com/tutorial/index.html
* Amiga(TM) OS4 has a [http://www.ast-workshops.co.uk/os4pg/ workshop] page and hope to produce a [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=31117&amp;forum=42#549091 book] soon. [http://www.solie.ca/articles/map/map.html Brief Guide].

 In the future...?
*AROS 64bit - SMP, Vulkan with OpenGL compability layer
*AROS 32bit - keep for historic reasons 

What would you like to see implemented in AROS?
ABIv1 completed, SMP (x86_64),  SendMsg()/GetMsg() to support memory protection between target and destination, in that order.   Michal Schulz and Jason McMullan have been toying with the question &quot;What are the minimal changes needed to the AmigaOS 3.1 API to support SMP&quot;?  The answer so far seems to be &quot;few, but subtle&quot;.  For example, SysBase-&gt;ThisTask is no longer meaningful on SMP, but FindTask(NULL) is.  Disable() and Forbid() are shockingly bad on performance, but adding a spinlock semaphore mode to SignalSemaphore will help new code on SMP.  

Leveraging a 'common' OS with a lot of machine support (Linux, MacOS, Windows, QNX, etc) is something that AROS has been doing for quite a long time, and it is the biggest strength of AROS. This AROS experience and programming model, in the same way the Google's Android layers on top of Linux, or MacOS X layers on top of the Darwin/BSD kernel, as a first step 

* The graphics + layers subsystem could be implemented as a shim on top of a OpenGL ES implementation (ie on any modern Linux system, or the RaspberryPI's hardware, MacOS X, etc). 
  - This also allows every window to be on its own 3D surface with backing store, allowing Wanderer (or a Commodity)
rearrange/zoom/animate app windows without having to send a pile or refreshes to them

* Use OpenAL as the sound backend
* AROSTCP would be a thin layer over the native OS's TCP/IP stack
* dos.library, poseidon.library, and input.device would be slim shims over the native APIs
* If we move to loading all libraries' into the application's task space, instead of a single global instance of the library, this will allow SMP and MMU more easily. 
  - Yes, it will require a lot of work in the libraries to make this transition
  - Yes, I do think it will be worth it in the end.

* A 'fat binary' install format (or, maybe LLVM bytecode) that can be 'flattend' to the target architecture on installation.

So, what would this 'AROS of the future' look like?

* AmigaOS 3.x style API, with certain 'fundamental changes' to message passing
* Uses the underlying OS' device drivers, so more AROS developer effort can go to user-visible features and bugfixes 
* Allows AROS applications to run side-by-side with the OS's native apps


And why would anyone want to program on such a system?

* AROS applications would run on any system that has the AROS Framework installed
* AROS applications are pixel-for-pixel the same on all platforms. 
* Develop with the knowledge that you are guaranteed OpenGL and OpenAL, and the rest of the AROS Framework

an option for mmake to dump its dependency of metatarget in a graphviz[*] input file. This should make it possible to visualize the dependencies and hopefully be inspiration for cleaning up some mess, circular or unneeded dependencies and so on.


&lt;pre&gt;

Content-Type: text/html scalosgfx.library

    ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC
    ScalosGfxCreateSAC
    ScalosGfxFreeSAC
    ScalosGfxCreateARGB
    ScalosGfxFreeARGB
    ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha
    ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask
    ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap
    ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap
    ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap
    ScalosGfxMedianCut
    ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray
    ScalosGfxScaleBitMap
    ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect
    ScalosGfxBlitARGB
    ScalosGfxFillRectARGB
    ScalosGfxSetARGB
    ScalosGfxNewColorMap
    ScalosGfxARGBRectMult
    ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha
    ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList
    ScalosGfxBlitIcon


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC -- Allocate an empty ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	sac = ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC( )
        	D0

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC( void );

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates an empty ScalosBitMapAndColor structure, with NULL
            sca_BitMap and sac_ColorTable.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            sac - new created ScalosBitMapAndColor, or NULL on failure

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxFreeSAC(), ScalosGfxCreateSAC()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateSAC -- Allocate ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	sac = ScalosGfxCreateSAC(width, height, depth, friendBM, tagList);
        	D0                       D0     D1      D2     A0        A1

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxCreateSAC(ULONG, ULONG, ULONG,
        		struct BitMap *, struct TagItem *)

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxCreateSACTags(ULONG, ULONG, ULONG,
        		struct BitMap *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocate a ScalosBitMapAndColor structure. sac_BitMap and sac_ColorTable
            are allocated according to specified dimensions.

        INPUTS
            width - Desired width of new ScalosBitMapAndColor BitMap.
            height - Desired height of new ScalosBitMapAndColor BitMap.
            depth - Desired depth of new ScalosBitMapAndColor BitMap. Must be less
            than 256. sac_ColorTable will be allocated to hold 2^depth entries.
            friendBM - Friend BitMap to use for BitMap allocation.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            None defined yet.

        RESULT
            sac - new created ScalosBitMapAndColor, or NULL on failure

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxFreeSAC(), ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFreeSAC -- free a previously allocated ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFreeSAC(sac);
        	                A0

        	void ScalosGfxFreeSAC((struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Frees and deallocates a previously allocated ScalosBitMapAndColor,
            including sac_BitMap and sac_ColorTable.

        INPUTS
            sac - previously allocated ScalosBitMapAndColor, or NULL

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxCreateSAC(), ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateARGB -- Allocate a gfxARGB with specified size

        SYNOPSIS

        	argb = ScalosGfxCreateARGB(width, height, tagList)
        	D0                         D0     D1      A0

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxCreateARGB(ULONG, ULONG, struct TagItem *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates an array of struct gfxARGB with sufficient size for
            specified width and height.

        INPUTS
            width - width of gfxARGB array
            height - height of gfxARGB array
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            None defined yet.

        RESULT
            argb - new allocated gfxARGB, or NULL on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFreeARGB -- Free a previously allocated gfxARGB

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFreeARGB(argb)
        	D0                A0

        	VOID ScalosGfxFreeARGB(struct gfxARGB **)

         
        FUNCTION

        INPUTS
            argb - pointer to storage of previously allocated gfxARGB.
            argb may point to NULL.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxCreateARGB()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha -- Set all pixels to specified Alpha value.

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha(src, alpha);
        			      A0   D0

        	VOID ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha(struct ARGBHeader *, UBYTE)

         
        FUNCTION
            Alpha value of all pixels in the ARGBHeader and its previously
            allocated gfxARGB array is set to the specified value.

        INPUTS
            src - Header of gfxARGB rectangle to modify.
            alpha - Alpha (transparency) value to set.

        RESULT

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask -- Set alpha value according to mask plane

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask(argbh, maskPlane)
        				  A0     A1

        	VOID ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask(struct ARGBHeader *, PLANEPTR)

         
        FUNCTION
            Alpha values of all pixels in the ARGBHeader and its previously
            allocated gfxARGB array are set according to mask plane, i.e. for
            every bit set in mask plane, alpha is maximum (255), and for every
            cleared bit, alpha is set to minimum (0).

        INPUTS
            argbh - Header of gfxARGB rectangle to modify.
            maskPlane - Single bit mask plane. Dimensions must match size of argbh, with
            width rounded up to next 16-bit.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap -- Create gfxARGB array from a BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	argb = ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap(bm, width, height, numberOfColors, colorTable, maskPlane
        	D0                                   A0  D0     D1      D2              A1          A2

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap(struct BitMap *, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG,
        		const ULONG *, PLANEPTR)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates and a gfxARGB array with specified dimensions, and fills it from
            provided BitMap, with optional mask plane. Works only with standard BitMaps with
            less than 256 colors.

        INPUTS
            bm - source BitMap to fill gfxARGB array from,
            Depth must be less than 256 colors.
            width - Width of gfxARGB array
            height - Height of gfxARGB array
            numberOfColors - number of entries in colorTable
            colorTable - Color table to use for BitMap
            maskPlane - Single bit mask plane. Dimensions must match width and
            height, with width rounded up to next 16-bit. May be NULL.
        RESULT
            argb - allocated gfxARGB array or NULL on failure.

            NOTES
            Use ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap() for high-color or true-color BitMaps.

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap -- Fill previously allocated gfxARGB array from CGFX BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap(argbh, srcBM, maskPlane)
        				    A0     A1     A2

        	VOID ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap(struct ARGBHeader *, struct BitMap *, PLANEPTR)

         
        FUNCTION
            Fill a previously allocated gfxARGB array from a CyberGraphics BitMap. Can only
            be used for high-color or true-color BitMaps.
            If maskPlane if given, alpha information in argbh is created from maskPlane. If
            maskPlane if NULL, alpha channel from source BitMap is used if available,
            otherwise alpha is set to opaque.

        INPUTS
            argbh - completely initialized gfxARGB array
            srcBM - source BitMap to use for filling, depth must be at least 65536 colors
            maskPlane - Single bit mask plane. Dimensions must match width and height, with
            width rounded up to next 16-bit. May be NULL.
        RESULT
            nothing

            NOTES
            Use ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha() for standard BitMaps (i.e. less than 256 colors).

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap -- Copy gfxARGB array to BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap(argbh, bm, numberOfColors, colorTable)
        				   A0     A1  D0              A2)

        	VOID ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap(struct ARGBHeader *, struct BitMap *, ULONG, const ULONG *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Creates a copy of gfxARGB array in destination BitMap,
            using pre-defined colorTable. Works only with standard BitMaps, i.e. with
            less than 256 colors. No sophisticated color reduction is performed, but
            bit-fit pens are decided via FindBestPen().

        INPUTS
            argbh - gfxARGB array to read from
            bm - Standard BitMap to write to. BitMap must
            have less than 256 colors.
            numberOfColors - Number of entries in colorTable
            colorTable - color table to use for BitMap.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxMedianCut -- Create color-reduced BitMap from gfxARGB array

        SYNOPSIS

        	sac = ScalosGfxMedianCut(argbh, depth, tagList)
        	D0                       A0     D0     A1

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxMedianCut(struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG, struct TagItem *)

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxMedianCutTags(struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocate and fill a color-reduced BitMap and a best-match color table from gfxARGB array.
            Either ordered dithering or Floyd-Steinberg dithering will be used for best results.

        INPUTS
            argbh - gfxARGB array to read from
            depth - desired depth of generated BitMap, must be less than 256.
            tagList - array of tagItems, as desribed below, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_MedianCutFlags - Flags as described below.
            SCALOSGFX_MedianCutFriendBitMap - struct BitMap *, friend BitMap to use
            for allocating result BitMap
            SCALOSGFX_MedianCutReservedColors - ULONG, number of reserved (unused) color
            entries at start of generated color table.

            FLAGS
            SCALOSGFXFLAGF_MedianCut_FloydSteinberg - If set, Floyd-Steinberg dithering
            will be used for color reduction.

        RESULT
            sac - created ScalosBitMapAndColor pointer, or NULL on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray -- Scale given gfxARGB array

        SYNOPSIS

        	argb = ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray(src, destWidth, destHeight, tagList)
        	D0                             A0   A1         A2          A3

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray(const struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG *,
        		ULONG *, struct TagItem *)

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxScaleARGBArrayTags(const struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG *,
        		ULONG *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Scales given gfxARGB array to a new size. Supports both enlarging and shrinking
            gfxARGB arrays.

        INPUTS
            src - source gfxARGB array, will not be modified
            destWidth - desired width, might be internally corrected
            if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            destHeight - desired height, might be internally corrected
            if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_ScaleARGBArrayFlags - ULONG, specify some operation flags as listed below.

            FLAGS
            SCALEFLAGF_BICUBIC - allow bicubic scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_BILINEAR - allow bilinear scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_AVERAGE - allow average scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_DOUBLESIZE - allow intermediate step via double size, to improve quality
            SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT - allow correction of destWidth and destHeight to
            meet source aspect ratio.

        RESULT
            argb - Scaled copy of the source gfxARGB array

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxScaleBitMap -- Scale given BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	bm = ScalosGfxScaleBitMap(sbma, tagList)
        	D0                        A0    A1

        	struct BitMap *ScalosGfxScaleBitMap(struct ScaleBitMapArg *, struct TagItem *)

        	struct BitMap *ScalosGfxScaleBitMapTags(struct ScaleBitMapArg *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Scales given gfxARGB array to a new size. Supports both enlarging and shrinking
            gfxARGB arrays.
        INPUTS
            sbma - Structure with scaling parameters:
            sbma_SourceBM - The original BitMap. This BitMap is not modified.
            sbma_SourceWidth - Width of the source BitMap.
            sbma_SourceHeight - Height of the source BitMap
            sbma_DestWidth - Pointer to Width of resized BitMap, might be internally
            corrected if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            sbma_DestHeight - Pointer to Height of resized BitMap, might be internally
            corrected if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            sbma_NumberOfColors - number of entries in color table
            sbma_ColorTable - Color table for both source and resized BitMap.
            sbma_Flags - scaling flags:
            SCALEFLAGF_BICUBIC - allow bicubic scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_BILINEAR - allow bilinear scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_AVERAGE - allow average scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_DOUBLESIZE - allow intermediate scaling step with
            double size, to improve quality
            SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT - allow correction of destWidth and
            destHeight to meet source aspect ratio.
            sbma_ScreenBM - Firend BitMap used when allocating resized BitMap.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            none defined yet.

        RESULT
            bm - Scaled copy of the original BitMap

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect -- Adjust scaling dimensions to source aspect

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, *destWidth, *destHeight)
        				      D0           D1            A0          A1

        	VOID ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect(ULONG, ULONG, ULONG *, ULONG *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Adjusts either destWidth or destHeight according to aspect ratio of
            sourceWidth and soureHeight.

        INPUTS
            sourceWidth - Unscaled width.
            sourceHeight - Unscaled Height;
            destWidth - Pointer to desired scaled width.
            destHeight - Pointer to desired scaled width.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitARGB -- Blit rectangle between two gfxARGB array rectangles.

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitARGB(destARGB, srcARGB, destLeft, destTop, srcLeft, srcTop, width, height)
        			  A0        A1       D0        D1       D2       D3      D4     D5

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGB(struct ARGBHeader *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blits user-defined rectangle from srcARGB at specified position into destARGB.
            No alpha handling is performed, destination pixel values are simply
            replaced by source pixels.

        INPUTS
            destARGB - destination gfxARGB array
            srcARGB - source gfxARGB array
            destLeft - Left start position in destARGB.
            destTop - Top start position in destARGB.
            srcLeft - Left start position in srcARGB.
            srcTop - Top start position in srcARGB.
            width - Width of blitted rectangle.
            height - Height of blitted rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFillRectARGB -- Blit two gfxARGB array rectangles

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFillRectARGB(destARGB, fillARGB, left, top, width, height)
        			      A0        A1        D0    D1   D2     D3

        	VOID ScalosGfxFillRectARGB(struct ARGBHeader *, const struct gfxARGB *,
        		LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blits fillARGB at specified position into destARGB. No alpha handling is
            performed, destination pixel values are just replaced by source pixels.
            Blit always starts at (0,0) in fillARGB.

        INPUTS
            destARGB - destination gfxARGB array.
            fillARGB - source gfxARGB array.
            left - Left start position in destARGB.
            top - Top start position in destARGB.
            width - Width of blitted rectangle.
            height - Height of blitted rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxSetARGB -- Set entire gfxARGB array to given ARGB color

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxSetARGB(destARGB, fillARGB)
        			A0         A1

        	VOID ScalosGfxSetARGB(struct ARGBHeader *, const struct gfxARGB *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Set all pixels in entire gfxARGB array to the given ARGB color.

        INPUTS
            destARGB - gfxARGB array to be changed.
            fillARGB - ARGB value to set pixels to.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxNewColorMap -- Allocate new color table for ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	success = ScalosGfxNewColorMap(sac, colorMap, colorEntries)
        	D0                             A0   A1        D0

        	BOOL ScalosGfxNewColorMap(struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *, const ULONG *, ULONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates a new color table for ScalosBitMapAndColor. The new color table is
            filled with the RGB values from colorMap.
            Any previously color table in ScalosBitMapAndColor is freed.

        INPUTS
            sac - ScalosBitMapAndColor where to store new color table.
            colorMap - RGB values for new color table
            colorEntries - Desired number of entries in new color table

        RESULT
            success - TRUE if new color table was successfully allocated,
            FALSE on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxARGBRectMult -- Multiply RGB value with given factor

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxARGBRectMult(rp, numerator, denominator, xMin, yMin, xMax, yMax)
        			      A0  A1         A2           D0    D1    D2    D3

        	VOID ScalosGfxARGBRectMult(struct RastPort *, const struct gfxARGB *,
        		const struct gfxARGB *, WORD, WORD, WORD, WORD)

         
        FUNCTION
            Multiplies RGB values of pixels within a specified rectangle
            with (numerator/denominator). Overflow is clipped to maximum RGB value (255).
            Works only with CyberGraphics generated, high-color or true-color BitMaps.
            Takes Layers in RastPort into account.

        INPUTS
            rp - RastPort with the BitMap to be modified.
            numerator - Scaling factor as numerator:denominator
            denominator - Scaling factor as numerator:denominator
            xMin - Left start of modified rectangle.
            yMin - Top start of modified rectangle.
            xMax - Right end of modified rectangle.
            yMax - Bottom end of modified rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha -- Alpha blit from gfxARGB array into RastPort

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha(rp, srcH, destLeft, destTop, srcLeft, srcTop, width, height)
        			       A0  A1    D0        D1       D2       D3      D4     D5

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha (struct RastPort *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blit a rectangular area from source gfxARGB array into
            destination RastPort. Alpha (transparency) information in
            source gfxARGB array is fully accounted for.
            Destination RastPort may have Layers.

        INPUTS
            rp - Destination, this RastPort is been drawn to.
            srcH - Source gfxARGB array
            destLeft - Left offset in destination RastPort.
            destTop - Top offset in destination RastPort.
            srcLeft - Left offset in source gfxARGB array.
            srcTop - Left offset in source gfxARGB array.
            width - Width of blit rectangle.
            height - Height of blit rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

            NOTES

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList -- Alpha blit from gfxARGB array into RastPort

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList(rp, srcH, destLeft, destTop, srcSize, tagList)
        				      A0  A1    D0        D1       A3       A2

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList(struct RastPort *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, const struct IBox *, struct TagItem *)

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTags(struct RastPort *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, const struct IBox *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION

        INPUTS
            rp - Destination, this RastPort is been drawn to.
            srcH - Source gfxARGB array
            destLeft - Left offset in destination RastPort.
            destTop - Top offset in destination RastPort.
            srcSize - IBox defining both left/top offset in source gfxARGB
            array, and size of blit rectangle.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconHilight - const struct ARGB *, ARGB value to use
            for highlighting.Its RGB values are added
            to the destination pixels, with clipping
            to 0..255 range.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconAlpha - const UBYTE *, specify alpha array for icon.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconTransparency - ULONG, specify alpha for icon, 0...255.
        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitIcon -- Alpha blit from RastPort to RastPort

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitIcon(rpBackground, rpIcon, left, top, width, height, tagList)
        			  A0            A1      D0    D1   D2     D3      A2

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitIcon(struct RastPort *, struct RastPort *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, struct TagItem *)

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitIconTags(struct RastPort *, struct RastPort *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blit a rectangular area from rpIcon into rpBackground, with full
            alpha (transparency) support.
            This function supports RastPorts with Layers.

        INPUTS
            rpBackground - Target RastPort.
            rpIcon - Source RastPort. The BitMap of this RastPort is
            not modified.
            left - left start of blit in rpBackground
            top - top start of blit in rpBackground
            width - width of the blitting rectangle
            height - height of the blitting rectangle
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconHilight - const struct ARGB *, ARGB value to use
            for highlighting. Its RGB values are
            added to the destination pixels, with
            clipping to 0..255 range.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconAlpha - const UBYTE *, specify alpha array for icon.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconTransparency - ULONG, specify alpha for icon, 0...255.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


&lt;/pre&gt;


==References==
{{reflist}}
{{status|50%}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>dgfdg4s3l4vrh2b0amndyyzwlt027se</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Treacle</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>23054</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088383</id>
      <parentid>625961</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T23:25:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nostriker</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>clarified</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="550" xml:space="preserve">{{sweetener}} | [[Cookbook:Basic foodstuffs|Basic foodstuffs]]

'''Treacle''' is a general term for liquid [[Cookbook:Sweeteners|sweeteners]] produced in the sugar refining process. '''Black treacle''' is equivalent to [[Cookbook:Molasses|molasses]]. '''Light treacle''' is approximately equivalent to [[Cookbook:Cane Syrup|cane syrup]] and [[Cookbook:Golden Syrup|golden syrup]]. If a recipe specifies neither black nor light treacle, you may wish to assume that the recipe calls for a mixture or that it uses molasses with some sugar added back in.</text>
      <sha1>ggoi3yljqfszjezun9iw2f8b9jmntgf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Cane Syrup</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>23055</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088382</id>
      <parentid>3816112</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T23:17:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nostriker</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fleshed out</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1163" xml:space="preserve">{{ingredient}} | [[Cookbook:Basic foodstuffs|Basic foodstuffs]] | [[Cookbook:Sweeteners|Sweeteners]]

'''Cane syrup''' is a pale golden liquid [[Cookbook:Sweeteners|sweetener]]. It is produced by [[Cookbook:Boiling|boiling]] down [[Cookbook:Cane Sugar|sugarcane]] [[Cookbook:Juice|juice]] until concentrated, stopping shy of crystallizing and extracting the sugar. This is similar to the process used to make [[Cookbook:Maple Syrup|maple syrup]]. 

== Characteristics ==
Cane syrup is light golden with a slight caramelized flavor. Unusually thick and dark cane syrup may be sold as [[Cookbook:Molasses|molasses]]—however, cane syrup is usually sweeter than true molasses, since molasses is a later byproduct in the sugar extraction process. 

== Uses ==
Cane syrup may be used as a sweetener in beverages, cooking, and baking. It can replace maple syrup for use as a breakfast topping. Light [[Cookbook:Treacle|treacle]], [[Cookbook:Corn Syrup|corn syrup]], and [[Cookbook:Golden Syrup|golden syrup]] are common substitutions, though they all have slightly different characteristics.

[[Category:Basic foodstuffs|Cane Syrup]]
[[Category:Sweeteners|Cane Syrup]]</text>
      <sha1>d8fiopsa20wdohu9ddgb7qo13dr5idp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Autonomous Technology-Assisted Language Learning</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23799</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088450</id>
      <parentid>3757384</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:44:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Contents */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4519" xml:space="preserve">'''Autonomous Technology-Assisted Language Learning (ATALL)''' includes (a) the development and use of technological tools to facilitate foreign language (FL) or second language (L2) learning (both to be used synonymously hereafter), and (b) research on the development, use, and effects of such tools.

ATALL is autonomous in that it provides the means for language learners to improve their L2 proficiency whether or not they are taking formal courses in the language they are learning.  Thus, ATALL can be used by students in conjunction with formal L2 study or by learners who are not taking L2 classes.  ATALL activities can be used as an integrated component of formal L2 courses or for supplemental study (and perhaps extra credit) within L2 courses.  ATALL can also be used by non-native L2 teachers who wish to improve their L2 skills and show their students how they can continue to develop their L2 proficiency outside of class.  &quot;Autonomous&quot; also implies that the tools are widely available (such as via the World Wide Web) at no or low cost (see [http://ec.hku.hk/autonomy/ Autonomy in Language Learning] for resources about autonomy and language learning; for a comprehensive, empirically-based theory of human autonomy, see [[MetaWikipedia:wikipedia:Perceptual Control Theory|Perceptual Control Theory]] and the [http://www.perceptualcontroltheory.com Control Systems Group]).

ATALL encompasses ''all'' forms of electronic and information technology that can be used to facilitate L2 proficiency.  This includes the obvious tools of computer and Internet technology.  But it also includes other forms of communication technology such as wired and wireless telephony, television and radio (broadcast, satellite and cable) and the integration of older communication technologies with newer information technologies.

ATALL is based on the latest theory and research on second language acquisition [[MetaWikipedia:wikipedia:Second language acquisition|(SLA)]], the [[MetaWikipedia:wikipedia:Learning psychology|psychology of learning]] and computer-assisted language learning ([[MetaWikipedia:wikipedia:Computer-assisted language learning|CALL]]).  Research and theory provides directions and implications for how technology can best be used to improve L2 proficiency in the areas of listening, speaking, reading and writing.  Principles derived from L2 research and theory are applied to the development of ATALL tools and activities.

ATALL activities can be divided into the five primary domains of '''input''', '''output''', '''interaction''', '''exercise''', and '''assessment''', which form five of the primary modules of this wikibook.

{search strings: tech for language learning; technology for language learning}

==Contents==
{{Book search}}
===Primary Modules===
*[[/Input|'''Input: Reading &amp; Listening''']]
*[[/Output|'''Output: Writing &amp; Speaking''']]
*[[/Interaction|'''Interaction: Collaboration Involving Listening, Reading, Speaking and/or Writing''']]
*[[/Exercise|'''Exercise and Courseware''']]
*[[/Assessment|'''Assessment''']]
*[[/Packages| '''ATALL Packages: Combining Theory, Technology, Resources and Activities for Language Learning''']]

===Supplementary Modules===
*[[/Other Resources|'''Other Resources''']]
*[[/Other tools|'''Other Tools for Development, Research and Learning''']]
*[[/Tips|'''Tips and Tricks''']]
*[[/Needs|'''Needs''']]
*[[/Conclusion|'''Conclusion''']]
*[[/Journals|'''Journals''']]
*[[/References|'''References''']]
*[[/Contributors|'''Contributors''']]

----

''The ATALL Wikibook was given an'' '''Honorable Mention''' ''for the'' '''Access to Language Education (ALE) Award''' ''as announced at the May 2006 [http://www.calico.org CALICO] Symposium in Honolulu, Hawaii. Gary Cziko accepted the award certificate on behalf of all ATALL Wikibookians who have contributed to this project.''

----

:'''''Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.''''' (author unknown)

:'''''Give a student a language course, and you teach the student for a semester.  Teach a student to become an autonomous technology-assisted language learner, and you teach the student for a lifetime.''''' (Gary Cziko, 2005)

----

The [http://tllblog.blogspot.com '''Technology for Language Learning Blog'''] and [http://tllpodcast.blogspot.com '''Technology for Language Learning Podcast'''] make frequent reference to this Wikibook.

{{Shelves|Educational technology|Language education}}
{{alphabetical|A}}
{{status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>79dpkac1266o3t8g7y31sqvfjmww172</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Cannabis</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>28566</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088380</id>
      <parentid>4022031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T22:43:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nostriker</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fleshed out</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2950" xml:space="preserve">{{Cannabis}}{{ingredient}} | [[Cookbook:Herbs and Spices|Herbs and Spices]]
[[Image:DEA_mar_loose.jpg|right|thumb|Loose dried cannabis]]
'''Marijuana''' and '''sinsemilla''' are parts of the '''cannabis''' (''Cannabis sativa L.'') plant, which is known for its psychoactive effects. Cannabis is often smoked for these effects, but it may also be incorporated into food for a similar result. As such, serving cannabis-containing foods without the eater's knowledge or consent is highly inappropriate and may be dangerous.

== Effects ==
Oral consumption of cannabis can induce stronger psychoactive effects than most other methods of consumption. These effects often do not appear for up to an hour and a half after eating (due to the time it takes to digest the food), and it is common among first-time cooks (but long-time smokers) to eat too much thinking it has not worked. Use caution and proceed gradually when eating cannabis-containing foods to avoid undesirable effects.

== Use ==
If its psychoactive properties are desired in a dish, cannabis must first be decarboxylated to convert its THCA content into the psychoactive compound THC. This can be achieved by baking it for 30-40 minutes at 220˚F (104˚C). If overheated, the psychoactive compounds will degrade. Once decarboxylated, the cannabis may be stored or used in cooking. One common use involves infusing the decarboxylated cannabis in oil or butter, which is then incorporated into the final product.

==Warnings==
* Some cannabis users may become dependent on the drug and experience symptoms of withdrawal, although exact statistics are unclear due to insufficient studies&lt;ref&gt;https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-addictive&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/health-effects/addiction.html&lt;/ref&gt;. 
* Cannabis can cause tiredness, reddening of the eyes, dry mouth, increased heart rate, and a drop in blood pressure. Appetite is increased, and perceptions of distance and velocity can change. Illusions may occur. While the drug’s effects last, it is difficult to concentrate. 
* Cannabis use can impair short-term memory while under the influence, and it may aggravate existing disorders in people with mental health issues. Some people, particularly inexperienced users, may feel quite edgy or paranoid after using it.
* Due to cannabis' strong psychoactive effects, people under the influence should '''not''' attempt to drive or operate heavy machinery.
* Possession of marijuana is illegal in many countries. Depending on where you live, prosecution may result in fines, imprisonment, and even execution.

== Recipes ==

* [[Cookbook:Cannabutter|Cannabutter]]
* [[Cookbook:Magic Brownie|Magic Brownie]]

== External links ==

* https://www.leafly.com/learn/consume/edibles/what-is-decarboxylation
* https://sensiseeds.com/en/blog/decarboxylation-of-cbd-and-thc-thats-how-you-activate-cannabis/

[[Category:Herbs and spices|Cannabis]]</text>
      <sha1>ambjz9c94ifagt45415vwmbhowlmjnk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088381</id>
      <parentid>4088380</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T22:53:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nostriker</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>image</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3028" xml:space="preserve">{{Cannabis}}[[Image:DEA_mar_loose.jpg|right|thumb|Loose dried cannabis]]{{ingredient}} | [[Cookbook:Herbs and Spices|Herbs and Spices]]
'''Marijuana''' and '''sinsemilla''' are parts of the '''cannabis''' (''Cannabis sativa L.'') plant, which is known for its psychoactive effects. Cannabis is often smoked for these effects, but it may also be incorporated into food for a similar result. As such, serving cannabis-containing foods without the eater's knowledge or consent is highly inappropriate and may be dangerous.

== Effects ==
Oral consumption of cannabis can induce stronger psychoactive effects than most other methods of consumption. These effects often do not appear for up to an hour and a half after eating (due to the time it takes to digest the food), and it is common among first-time cooks (but long-time smokers) to eat too much thinking it has not worked. Use caution and proceed gradually when eating cannabis-containing foods to avoid undesirable effects.
[[File:Marijuana Cookies (32624536460).jpg|thumb|Infusing cannabis in butter]]

== Use ==
If its psychoactive properties are desired in a dish, cannabis must first be decarboxylated to convert its THCA content into the psychoactive compound THC. This can be achieved by baking it for 30-40 minutes at 220˚F (104˚C). If overheated, the psychoactive compounds will degrade. Once decarboxylated, the cannabis may be stored or used in cooking. One common use involves infusing the decarboxylated cannabis in oil or butter, which is then incorporated into the final product.

==Warnings==
* Some cannabis users may become dependent on the drug and experience symptoms of withdrawal, although exact statistics are unclear due to insufficient studies&lt;ref&gt;https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-addictive&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/health-effects/addiction.html&lt;/ref&gt;. 
* Cannabis can cause tiredness, reddening of the eyes, dry mouth, increased heart rate, and a drop in blood pressure. Appetite is increased, and perceptions of distance and velocity can change. Illusions may occur. While the drug’s effects last, it is difficult to concentrate. 
* Cannabis use can impair short-term memory while under the influence, and it may aggravate existing disorders in people with mental health issues. Some people, particularly inexperienced users, may feel quite edgy or paranoid after using it.
* Due to cannabis' strong psychoactive effects, people under the influence should '''not''' attempt to drive or operate heavy machinery.
* Possession of marijuana is illegal in many countries. Depending on where you live, prosecution may result in fines, imprisonment, and even execution.

== Recipes ==

* [[Cookbook:Cannabutter|Cannabutter]]
* [[Cookbook:Magic Brownie|Magic Brownie]]

== External links ==

* https://www.leafly.com/learn/consume/edibles/what-is-decarboxylation
* https://sensiseeds.com/en/blog/decarboxylation-of-cbd-and-thc-thats-how-you-activate-cannabis/

[[Category:Herbs and spices|Cannabis]]</text>
      <sha1>4wxni60a8nuiwkqlbf8e89m6kqnwfx6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afrikaans</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30506</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088349</id>
      <parentid>4085984</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:11:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdjacentTriangle</username>
        <id>3235660</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lessons */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5240" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right&quot;&gt;{{Category 1}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{Print version|Afrikaans/Print version}}
{{stages}}
__NOTOC__
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:1.6em&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|100px]]  An English Course on the Afrikaans Language  [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|100px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;15&quot; cellspacing=&quot;3&quot;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|
== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399&quot;&gt;'''Getting Started'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Cover|Afrikaans ~ English]] – ''&lt;small&gt;(Cover page)&lt;/small&gt;
*[[/Introduction/]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''History of the language, comparison to other languages, course philosophy''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Pronunciation/]] [[File:75%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Pronunciation of all vowels, diphthongs, consonants and stress.''&lt;/span&gt;

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399;&quot;&gt;'''Lessons'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Lesson 01|Lesson One]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Similarities, Articles, Subject and Object Pronouns, Greetings, and the Infinitive and Present Tenses.''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Lesson 02|Lesson Two]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Plurals, Sentence Structure, the Past and Future Tenses, &quot;om te wees&quot; and &quot;om te hê&quot;, and Possessors.''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Lesson 03|Lesson Three]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Plurals Cont., the Infinitive Modifier, Determiners, and Phrases, &quot;I love/like&quot; and &quot;I need&quot;.''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Lesson 04|Lesson Four]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Auxiliaries and General Word Order''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Lesson 05|Lesson Five]] [[File:00%.svg]]
*[[/Lesson 06|Lesson Six]][[File:25%.svg]]
*[[/Lesson 07|Lessons Seven]][[File:25%.svg]]
*[[/Lesson 08|Lesson Eight]][[File:25%.svg]]

| width=&quot;30%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399&quot;&gt;'''Vocabulary'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*By '''Category:'''
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals / Diere]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Insects&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Astronomy|Astronomy / Sterrekunde]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Planets, Phenomena&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Body|Body / Liggaam]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Parts&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Buildings|Buildings / Geboue]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types and Purposes&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Clothing|Clothing / Klere]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types, Accessories and Jewellery&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Countries|Countries / Lande]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Names and Peoples&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Family|Family / Familie]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Close and Removed&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Food|Food / Kos]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types and Ingredients&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Games|Games / Spele]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types and Pieces&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Holidays|Holidays / Vakansiedae]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/House|House / Huis]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Rooms, Furniture and Appliances&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Occupations|Occupations / Beroepe]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Occupations and Workers&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Sports|Sports / Sport]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types, Participators and Gear&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Weather|Weather / Weer]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Seasons, Temperature&lt;/span&gt;
*By '''Location:'''
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Beach|Beach / Strand]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Farm|Farm / Plaas]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Office|Office / Kantoor]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Post Office|Post Office / Poskantoor]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Restaurant|Restaurant / Restourant]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/School|School / Skool]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Supermarket|Supermarket / Supermark]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/University|University / Universiteit]]
*By '''Grammar:'''
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Common Adjectives|Common Adjectives]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Quantifiers|Quantifiers]]
** [[Afrikaans/Phrasebook|Phrasebook]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Irregular Plurals|Irregular Plurals]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Numerals|Numerals]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Common Verbs|Common Verbs]]

| width=&quot;20%&quot; height=&quot;80%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399;&quot;&gt;'''Resources'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Practical|Newspapers In Afrikaans]]
*[[/Common Phrases|Common phrases]]

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399&quot;&gt;'''The Project'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Contributors|Contributors]]
*[[/Users|Users]]
*[[/Project History|Project History]]
*[[/Development|Current Development]]

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399&quot;&gt;'''Authors' Workbench'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Syllabus|Syllabus]]
*[[/Lesson Structure|Lesson Structure]]
*[[/Layout|Layout Guide]]
*[[/How|How To...]]
*[[/Page Log|Page Log]]
*[[/Notebook|Project Notebook]]
|-
|}

{{Shelves|Languages of Africa}}
{{alphabetical|A}}
{{status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>hyz1dny8199rhgp7995zb8m8qdfakgc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088356</id>
      <parentid>4088349</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:53:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdjacentTriangle</username>
        <id>3235660</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5359" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right&quot;&gt;{{Category 1}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{Print version|Afrikaans/Print version}}
{{stages}}
__NOTOC__
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:1.6em&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|100px]]  An English Course on the Afrikaans Language  [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|100px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;15&quot; cellspacing=&quot;3&quot;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|
== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399&quot;&gt;'''Getting Started'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Cover|Afrikaans ~ English]] – ''&lt;small&gt;(Cover page)&lt;/small&gt;
*[[/Introduction/]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''History of the language, comparison to other languages, course philosophy''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Pronunciation/]] [[File:75%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Pronunciation of all vowels, diphthongs, consonants and stress.''&lt;/span&gt;

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399;&quot;&gt;'''Lessons'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Lesson 01|Lesson One]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Similarities, Articles, Subject and Object Pronouns, Greetings, and the Infinitive and Present Tenses.''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Lesson 02|Lesson Two]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Plurals, Sentence Structure, the Past and Future Tenses, &quot;om te wees&quot; and &quot;om te hê&quot;, and Possessors.''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Lesson 03|Lesson Three]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Plurals Cont., the Infinitive Modifier, Determiners, and Phrases, &quot;I love/like&quot; and &quot;I need&quot;.''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Lesson 04|Lesson Four]] [[File:100%.svg]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;'''Covers:''' ''Auxiliaries and General Word Order''&lt;/span&gt;
*[[/Lesson 05|Lesson Five]] [[File:00%.svg]]
*[[/Lesson 06|Lesson Six]][[File:25%.svg]]
*[[/Lesson 07|Lessons Seven]][[File:25%.svg]]
*[[/Lesson 08|Lesson Eight]][[File:25%.svg]]

| width=&quot;30%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399&quot;&gt;'''Vocabulary'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*By '''Category:'''
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals / Diere]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Insects&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Astronomy|Astronomy / Sterrekunde]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Planets, Phenomena&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Body|Body / Liggaam]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Parts&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Buildings|Buildings / Geboue]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types and Purposes&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Clothing|Clothing / Klere]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types, Accessories and Jewellery&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Countries|Countries / Lande]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Names and Peoples&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Colours|Colours / Kleure]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Names and Intensive Forms&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Family|Family / Familie]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Close and Removed&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Food|Food / Kos]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types and Ingredients&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Games|Games / Spele]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types and Pieces&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Holidays|Holidays / Vakansiedae]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/House|House / Huis]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Rooms, Furniture and Appliances&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Occupations|Occupations / Beroepe]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Occupations and Workers&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Sports|Sports / Sport]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Types, Participators and Gear&lt;/span&gt;
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Weather|Weather / Weer]] - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;Seasons, Temperature&lt;/span&gt;
*By '''Location:'''
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Beach|Beach / Strand]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Farm|Farm / Plaas]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Office|Office / Kantoor]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Post Office|Post Office / Poskantoor]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Restaurant|Restaurant / Restourant]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/School|School / Skool]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Supermarket|Supermarket / Supermark]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/University|University / Universiteit]]
*By '''Grammar:'''
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Common Adjectives|Common Adjectives]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Quantifiers|Quantifiers]]
** [[Afrikaans/Phrasebook|Phrasebook]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Irregular Plurals|Irregular Plurals]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Numerals|Numerals]]
** [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Common Verbs|Common Verbs]]

| width=&quot;20%&quot; height=&quot;80%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399;&quot;&gt;'''Resources'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Practical|Newspapers In Afrikaans]]
*[[/Common Phrases|Common phrases]]

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399&quot;&gt;'''The Project'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Contributors|Contributors]]
*[[/Users|Users]]
*[[/Project History|Project History]]
*[[/Development|Current Development]]

== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF3399&quot;&gt;'''Authors' Workbench'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
*[[/Syllabus|Syllabus]]
*[[/Lesson Structure|Lesson Structure]]
*[[/Layout|Layout Guide]]
*[[/How|How To...]]
*[[/Page Log|Page Log]]
*[[/Notebook|Project Notebook]]
|-
|}

{{Shelves|Languages of Africa}}
{{alphabetical|A}}
{{status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>k5htpi1uj68f8dbopbwnq94wub95s3i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mac OS X Tiger/Advanced Concepts</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44168</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088461</id>
      <parentid>1759439</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T08:06:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rich Farmbrough</username>
        <id>9604</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5010" xml:space="preserve">==The Command Line==
A more advanced way of accessing the command line is if you have an application like Apple's X11 or XDarwin installed. These allow you to use a range of  Unix shells (including bash, csh, ksh, zsh, and tcsh), assuming you have such shells installed on your system.

There are two ways to bypass Apple's Aqua altogether and load Dawin with a Command Line Interface. 
You can enter a console on a per session basis by entering your username as &quot;&gt;console&quot; (without quotes). (If you have an automated logon, or a selection of user names instead of an area to type the username you can use &quot;System Preferances&quot; and under &quot;Accounts&quot; you can select login options and and change &quot;Display login window as&quot; to &quot;Name and Password.&quot; If the Mac is booted up and showing you a list of users, you can switch it to the field-based login by pressing option-return. You may need to first move the selection by pressing any key to highlight one of the listed users.) [Note that 'Enable Firewall Logging' must be turned off in Sharing Preferences or this method will not work.]   

The second method will drop you in the console each time you start up. To do this open a terminal and type: &lt;br&gt;
''&quot;sudo nano /etc/ttys''&quot; &lt;br&gt;
You should see something like this (the #s mark the start of a comment):

 #
 #       @(#)ttys        5.2 (Berkeley) 6/10/93
 #
 # name  getty                           type    status          comments
 #
 # If the console is marked insecure, single-user requires
 # the root password.
 #console        &quot;/usr/libexec/getty std.9600&quot;   vt100   on secure
 console &quot;/System/Library/CoreServices/loginwindow.app/Contents/MacOS/loginwindow&quot;

Notice the two lines that start with the word &quot;console&quot;? The first one is commented out, which means that the second is used. The second loads the LoginWindow. To bypass LoginWindow, comment out its line by preceding it with a # mark. The nano editor does not wrap the line, so be careful that during your changes parts of the LoginWindow line don't get pushed down to the next line. If they do, use backspace to move them back, being careful to maintain white space.

Now uncomment the first console line. You've now switched which of the two lines is commented out. Save your changes by pressing Ctrl+O, then Enter, then Ctrl+X. Reboot your system and you should now see your system's complete boot process and then be presented with a standard BSD-style login.

You can swap the two comments round again, if you decide you don't want to boot into the console. When in the console and you decide you want a minimal GUI, you can install X11, and type: &lt;br&gt;
''&quot;sudo /usr/X11R6/bin/startx&quot;'' &lt;br&gt;
to start the X GUI server.

By typing the following:&lt;br&gt;
''sudo /usr/sbin/nvram boot-args=&quot;-v&quot; '' &lt;br&gt;
you can stop the graphical loader, and get a chance to see what apple does when booting. You can get this same reaction by pressing Command-v shortly after the startup chime and holding it down until you see plain text appear in the upper-left or the screen.

==X11==
Outside of Mac OS X, most [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX UNIX] applications sporting a graphical interface rely on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X11 X11]. X11 refers to version 11 of the X Window System protocol. Versions of Mac OS X since 10.3 (Panther) have shipped with Apple's implementation of X11, based heavily on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFree86 XFree86 Project]. In addition to the actual implementation of the X11 protocol, Apple's X11 distribution includes a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager window manager] (very loosely analogous to a theme or skin in modern graphical interfaces) that makes windows created by most X11 applications appear as standard Mac OS X Aqua windows. Quartz-wm, as it is called, also allows X11 windows to be minimized to the Mac OS X dock.

In addition, Apple's X11 is capable of running both in full screen, or rootless mode. In full screen mode, as its name implies, X11 takes control of the user's entire screen. It is possible to switch back and forth between the standard Mac OS X desktop and X11 on-the-fly, but this is a wholesale switch, and repeating it frequently quickly becomes cumbersome. To alleviate this, rootless mode is provided. Instead of taking control of a user's entire screen area, rootless mode allows X11 and Mac OS X applications to run side by side.

To start X11 in fullscreen mode, call startx from the terminal as:
startx -- -fullscreen

To start X11 in rootless mode (default), call startx as
startx -- -rootless

Apple's implementation of X11 is designed to allow UNIX and Linux applications to be more easily ported to Mac OS X. It is a fairly standard X11 distribution, and as such is still configured primarily through configuration files stored throughout the system. Setting up a customized X11 environment is not easily done by users who have never before used the X Window System, and most users may never realise the need for, nor use Mac OS X's X11 environment.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>btetjxt19zf85sif9k6rhxopmdhpx3a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Books with print version</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>52849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088475</id>
      <parentid>2577941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T11:44:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eragon Shadeslayer</username>
        <id>1570474</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>fixing typos (link)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="576" xml:space="preserve">Lists books with {{tl|print version notice}} template.

[[Wikibooks:PDF versions]] is another page that lists WikiBooks that have PDF versions.

This list might be outdated, check also [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Print_version_notice]].
__HIDDENCAT__

[[Category:Print Versions]]

[[de:Kategorie:Buch mit Druckversion]]
[[es:Categoría:Libros con versión para imprimir]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Livres avec version imprimable]]
[[pl:Kategoria:Podręczniki przystosowane do druku]]
[[pt:Categoria:Livros com versão para impressão]]
[[vi:Thể loại:Sách có phiên bản in]]</text>
      <sha1>qh97cin0chvgfmn8p4s89008jfx4r8e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turkish/Asking Questions</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>67472</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088473</id>
      <parentid>3800458</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T11:21:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>88.80.225.159</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added formatting so the text is more understandable</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3255" xml:space="preserve">Don't worry about the length of the lesson this time. Unlike [[../Lesson Two - I am...|last lesson]], this will just be a short, basic grammar lesson teaching you how to form questions in Turkish.

==Question words==
Before we can start asking questions, let's learn some question words:

*'''Ne?''' - What?
*'''Nerede?''' - Where?
**'''Nereden?''' - From where?
**'''Nereye?''' - To where?
*'''Ne zaman?''' - When?
*'''Neden?/Niye?''' - Why?
*'''Hangi?''' - Which?
**'''Hangisi?''' - Which one?
*'''Kim?''' - Who?
**'''Kimin?''' - Whose (is it)?
**'''Kime?''' - To whom?
*'''Nasıl?''' - How?
**'''Ne kadar?''' - How much?/How many?
**'''Ne kadar zaman kaldı?''' - How long left?

===Incorporation===
Let's try and incorporate these words into sentences.

*'''Senin adın ''ne''?''' - ''What'' is your name?
*'''Kumanda ''nerede''?''' - ''Where's'' the remote?
**'''''Nereden'' geldin?''' - ''Where'' did you come ''from''?
**'''''Nereye'' gidiyorsun?''' - ''Where'' are you going (''to'')?
*'''O evden ''ne zaman'' çıktı?''' - ''When'' did he leave the house?
*'''Sen ''neden/niye'' kurabiyeyi kurabiye kavanozundan çaldın?''' - ''Why'' did you steal the cookie from the cookie jar?
*'''Bugün ''hangi'' elbiseyi giyineceğim?''' - ''Which'' dress am I going to wear today?
*'''Hangisi senin?''' - ''Which'' one is yours?
*'''O ''kim''?''' - ''Who'' is that?
**'''O ''kimin''?''' - ''Whose'' is that?
**'''O hediyeyi ''kime'' gönderiyorsun?''' - ''Who'' are you sending that present ''to''?
*'''Onu ''nasıl'' göndereceksin?''' - ''How'' are you going to send it?
**'''O ''ne kadar''dı?''' - ''How much'' was it?
**'''Evden çıktığına kadar ''ne kadar zaman kaldı''?''' - ''How long left'' until you leave the house?

Some of these examples are of the perfect (past) tense. We'll touch on those later.

==Conditional questions==
In other words, a question which could be answered either with a positive or a negative response (e.g. '''Did you go shopping yesterday?''').

In Turkish, it's a little different.

Let's use the verb '''gitmek'''-to go as an example for this demonstration.

'''Sen gidiyorsun''' is ''you're going''.

All you do to make it ''are you going?'' is this:

You add a -mı-, a -mi-, a -mü- or a -mu- in between the ''-yor-'' and the suffix (''-yum'', ''-sun'', etc.), depending on the vowel harmony, as so:

'''Sen gidiyor'' mu''sun?''' - Are you going?

However, it's different with some other people. Let's conjugate it fully:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=center
|-
!to go [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]]
![[Image:Flag of Turkey.svg|20px]] gitmek
|-
|Am I going?
|(Ben) gidiyor '''mu'''yum?
|-
|Are you going?
|(Sen) gidiyor '''mu'''sun?
|-
|Is he/she going?
|(O) gidiyor '''mu'''?
|-
|Are we going?
|(Biz) gidiyor '''mu'''yuz?
|-
|Are you (pl.) going?
|(Siz) gidiyor '''mu'''sunuz?
|-
|Are they going?
|(Onlar) gidiyor '''mu'''?, (Onlar) gidiyorlar '''mı'''?
|}

As you can see, the pattern applies to almost all cases, except for he/she, because it doesn't have a suffix. Therefore, all we do is add a ''mı'', ''mi'' or ''mu'' afterwards, but as a separate word.

Now that we've covered all of this, let's continue on to the next lesson. We'll learn more about questions later on.

{{Turkish/TOC}}</text>
      <sha1>ldszo1ea78bw8wd24xx70f9mrz54udl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088474</id>
      <parentid>4088473</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T11:22:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>88.80.225.159</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added formatting so the text is more understandable</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3259" xml:space="preserve">Don't worry about the length of the lesson this time. Unlike [[../Lesson Two - I am...|last lesson]], this will just be a short, basic grammar lesson teaching you how to form questions in Turkish.

==Question words==
Before we can start asking questions, let's learn some question words:

*'''Ne?''' - What?
*'''Nerede?''' - Where?
**'''Nereden?''' - From where?
**'''Nereye?''' - To where?
*'''Ne zaman?''' - When?
*'''Neden?/Niye?''' - Why?
*'''Hangi?''' - Which?
**'''Hangisi?''' - Which one?
*'''Kim?''' - Who?
**'''Kimin?''' - Whose (is it)?
**'''Kime?''' - To whom?
*'''Nasıl?''' - How?
**'''Ne kadar?''' - How much?/How many?
**'''Ne kadar zaman kaldı?''' - How long left?

===Incorporation===
Let's try and incorporate these words into sentences.

*'''Senin adın ''ne''?''' - ''What'' is your name?
*'''Kumanda ''nerede''?''' - ''Where's'' the remote?
**'''''Nereden'' geldin?''' - ''Where'' did you come ''from''?
**'''''Nereye'' gidiyorsun?''' - ''Where'' are you going (''to'')?
*'''O evden ''ne zaman'' çıktı?''' - ''When'' did he leave the house?
*'''Sen ''neden/niye'' kurabiyeyi kurabiye kavanozundan çaldın?''' - ''Why'' did you steal the cookie from the cookie jar?
*'''Bugün ''hangi'' elbiseyi giyineceğim?''' - ''Which'' dress am I going to wear today?
*'''''Hangisi'' senin?''' - ''Which'' one is yours?
*'''O ''kim''?''' - ''Who'' is that?
**'''O ''kimin''?''' - ''Whose'' is that?
**'''O hediyeyi ''kime'' gönderiyorsun?''' - ''Who'' are you sending that present ''to''?
*'''Onu ''nasıl'' göndereceksin?''' - ''How'' are you going to send it?
**'''O ''ne kadar''dı?''' - ''How much'' was it?
**'''Evden çıktığına kadar ''ne kadar zaman kaldı''?''' - ''How long left'' until you leave the house?

Some of these examples are of the perfect (past) tense. We'll touch on those later.

==Conditional questions==
In other words, a question which could be answered either with a positive or a negative response (e.g. '''Did you go shopping yesterday?''').

In Turkish, it's a little different.

Let's use the verb '''gitmek'''-to go as an example for this demonstration.

'''Sen gidiyorsun''' is ''you're going''.

All you do to make it ''are you going?'' is this:

You add a -mı-, a -mi-, a -mü- or a -mu- in between the ''-yor-'' and the suffix (''-yum'', ''-sun'', etc.), depending on the vowel harmony, as so:

'''Sen gidiyor'' mu''sun?''' - Are you going?

However, it's different with some other people. Let's conjugate it fully:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=center
|-
!to go [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]]
![[Image:Flag of Turkey.svg|20px]] gitmek
|-
|Am I going?
|(Ben) gidiyor '''mu'''yum?
|-
|Are you going?
|(Sen) gidiyor '''mu'''sun?
|-
|Is he/she going?
|(O) gidiyor '''mu'''?
|-
|Are we going?
|(Biz) gidiyor '''mu'''yuz?
|-
|Are you (pl.) going?
|(Siz) gidiyor '''mu'''sunuz?
|-
|Are they going?
|(Onlar) gidiyor '''mu'''?, (Onlar) gidiyorlar '''mı'''?
|}

As you can see, the pattern applies to almost all cases, except for he/she, because it doesn't have a suffix. Therefore, all we do is add a ''mı'', ''mi'' or ''mu'' afterwards, but as a separate word.

Now that we've covered all of this, let's continue on to the next lesson. We'll learn more about questions later on.

{{Turkish/TOC}}</text>
      <sha1>srqy2vc0x1xfm81nafm6thvg0nusn7d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:German/Grammar/Footer</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>74097</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088470</id>
      <parentid>4054993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T10:22:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RDBury</username>
        <id>100013</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Additional topics under Modal verbs</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3225" xml:space="preserve">{{German/Template|footer|{{{1|}}}}}
|
&lt;div style=&quot;float: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ed|German/Grammar/Footer|template}})&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Talk:German/Grammar|discussion]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt; '''[[German/Grammar|Grammar]]'''

[[Image:25%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Introduction|Introduction and overview]] • [[German/Grammar/Basic terminology|Basic terminology]] • 
[[Image:25%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Personal pronouns|Personal pronouns, formal and informal you, introduction to gender]] •
[[Image:25%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Intransitive verbs|Intransitive verbs, verb conjugation, present tense]] •
[[Image:25%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs, V2 word order, Negation of verbs, Sentence adverbs]] •
[[Image:25%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Stem-changing verbs|Stem-changing verbs, Weak vs. Strong verbs]] • [[Image:25%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Polar questions|Polar questions, V1 word order, Pre- and postambles]] • [[German/Grammar/Noun gender|Noun gender]] • [[German/Grammar/Noun plurals|Noun plurals]] • [[German/Grammar/Noun phrases|Noun phrases, Articles]] • [[German/Grammar/Transitive verbs|Transitive verbs, Accusative case, word order]] • [[German/Grammar/Pronomial possessives|Pronomial possessives, Possessive determiners, Possessive pronouns, Negation with ''kein'']] • [[German/Grammar/Irregular verbs|Irregular verbs, Past-like present verbs]] • [[German/Grammar/Uninflected adjectives|Uninflected adjectives, Predicate phrases, Copulative verbs]] • [[German/Grammar/Interrogatives|Interrogatives, ''der'' words]] • [[German/Grammar/Future tense|Future tense, The sentence bracket]] • [[German/Grammar/Ditransitive verbs|Ditransitive verbs, Dative case]] • [[German/Grammar/Coordinating conjunctions|Coordinating conjunctions, Ellipses, Adverbial conjunctions, Multipart conjunctions]] • [[German/Grammar/Prepositions with accusative and dative|Prepositions with accusative and dative, Prepositional verbs]] • [[German/Grammar/Prefixed verbs|Prefixed verbs, Separable verbs, Separable and inseparable prefixes]] • [[German/Grammar/Imperatives|Imperatives, The imperative mood, The impersonal imperative]] • [[German/Grammar/Impersonal verbs|Impersonal verbs, Impersonal pronouns, the Point-of-view dative]] • [[German/Grammar/Dative prepositions|Dative prepositions]] • [[German/Grammar/Possessives and the genitive case|Possessives and the genitive case]] • [[German/Grammar/Modal auxiliary verbs|Modal auxiliary verbs, Compound verbs, Modal adverbs]] • [[German/Grammar/The simple past tense|The simple past tense]]


[[Image:75%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Adjectives and Adverbs|Adjectives and Adverbs]] • 
[[Image:50%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Alphabet and Pronunciation|Alphabet]] • 
[[Image:25%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Cases|Cases]] • 
[[Image:75%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] •
[[Image:50%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Prepositions and Postpositions|Prepositions and Postpositions]] • 
[[Image:50%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]] • 
[[Image:75%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Sentences|Sentences]] • 
[[Image:75%.svg]] [[German/Grammar/Verbs|Verbs]]
|}
{{ #if: {{{1|}}}| |{{German/Contents/Footer|795px}}}}{{BookCat|filing=deep}}</text>
      <sha1>04uvqrpv4mioo4mdg293kvtvm8513ee</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Mithridates/Spanish</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>81774</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088258</id>
      <parentid>4057126</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:59:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Buenas noches.ogg]] → [[File:Es-buenas noches.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83905" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué pasa.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué tal.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:no mucho.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:buenos días.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:buenas tardes.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Soy (Spanish pronunciation).oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>8x532g5dp5kchm2iyb2sntk28ts6r8t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088261</id>
      <parentid>4088258</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:00:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Buenas tardes.ogg]] → [[File:Es-buenas tardes.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83908" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué pasa.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué tal.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:no mucho.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:buenos días.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Soy (Spanish pronunciation).oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>5348fz170eqy0tskobg0gkto8nai1lv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088265</id>
      <parentid>4088261</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:00:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Buenos días.ogg]] → [[File:Es-buenos días.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83911" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué pasa.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué tal.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:no mucho.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Soy (Spanish pronunciation).oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>jhoga90jj2ylb0awv0vfyot6rl8euqq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088280</id>
      <parentid>4088265</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:09:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Soy (Spanish pronunciation).oga]] → [[File:Es-soy.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83890" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué pasa.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué tal.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:no mucho.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>1cg2za1x9p1o3l8h4rb8tvvk0vtbuou</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088291</id>
      <parentid>4088280</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:44:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Qué pasa.ogg]] → [[File:Es-qué pasa.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83893" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué pasa.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué tal.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:no mucho.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>gv8n1fw7fpjzih573yppfcrjib2syh6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088293</id>
      <parentid>4088291</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:48:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Qué tal.ogg]] → [[File:Es-qué tal.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83896" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué pasa.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué tal.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:no mucho.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:mucho gusto.ogg|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>4add4i9taz0bb7z38b8bh89bovdpm3f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088299</id>
      <parentid>4088293</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:02:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Mucho gusto.ogg]] → [[File:Es-mucho gusto.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83899" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué pasa.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué tal.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:no mucho.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-mucho gusto.oga|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>196sgayrryjdenlwaa6c2kkt63yq7l8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088300</id>
      <parentid>4088299</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:02:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:No mucho.ogg]] → [[File:Es-no mucho.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83902" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué pasa.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué tal.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-no mucho.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:me llamo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-mucho gusto.oga|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>2tqdf7xbwg5oufneefwoizvz89j9v2f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088302</id>
      <parentid>4088300</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:03:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Me llamo.ogg]] → [[File:Es-me llamo.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83905" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué pasa.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué tal.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-no mucho.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-me llamo.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-mucho gusto.oga|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>du05t0juv7xafgewctb3vrzvpqsksiq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088306</id>
      <parentid>4088302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:18:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Hasta mañana.ogg]] → [[File:Es-hasta mañana.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83908" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--so I can print it all tomorrow. Lots of content, good. --&gt;

__NOTOC__
----
==Dialogue 1==
Two good friends - Carmen and Roberto - are meeting:
{{Spanish Dialogue|
1=¡Hola! |
2=''Carmen'': ¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo estás?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': Estoy bien.&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen'': No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto!&lt;br&gt;
''Roberto'': Adiós, hasta mañana.
}}

[[Media:SpanishL1D1.ogg|Listen to the dialogue.]] (139KB)

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=¡Hola!|
2=Greetings|
3=hola [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo estás? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo estás tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo está? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo está usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(Yo) estoy bien [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Yo estoy bien.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
(muchas) gracias [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
de nada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:de nada.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
y [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:ypron.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué pasa? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué pasa.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué tal? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-qué tal.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Qué hay de nuevo? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:qué hay de nuevo.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
no mucho [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-no mucho.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
nada &lt;br&gt;
¡Adiós! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:adiós.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta mañana! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-hasta mañana.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¡Hasta luego! [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt; 
¡Nos vemos! |
4=hello&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
How are you? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
I'm fine&lt;br&gt;
Thank you (very much)&lt;br&gt;
You're welcome&lt;br&gt;
and&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What's going on?&lt;br&gt;
What's up?&lt;br&gt;
What's new?&lt;br&gt;
not much&lt;br&gt;
nothing&lt;br&gt;
Goodbye!&lt;br&gt;
See you tomorrow!&lt;br&gt;
See you later!&lt;br&gt;
See you!&lt;br&gt;
}}

==Dialogue 2==

Two people - Señor González and Señora Pérez - are meeting for the first time:

{{Spanish Dialogue |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=''Señor González'': Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;br&gt;
''Señora Pérez'': Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se llama?&lt;br&gt;
''Señor González'': Soy Luis González. Encantado.
''Señora Pérez'': Encantada.}}

Listen to the Dialogue. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:SpanishL1D2.ogg|listen]]

==Vocabulary==
{{Spanish Vocab |
1=¡Buenos días! |
2=Good day! |
3=Buenos días [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas tardes [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Buenas noches [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Me llamo... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-me llamo.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Soy... [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-soy.oga|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
tú [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-tú.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo te llamas? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo te llamas.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
usted [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
¿Cómo se llama (usted)? [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:cómo se llama usted.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Encantado/Encantada [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:encantado.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;
Mucho gusto. [[Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|15px]] [[Media:Es-mucho gusto.oga|listen]] |
4=Good morning.&lt;br&gt;
Good afternoon.&lt;br&gt;
Good night.&lt;br&gt;
My name is... ''(literally: I call myself...)''&lt;br&gt;
I am...&lt;br&gt;
you ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(informal)''&lt;br&gt;
you ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? ''(formal)''&lt;br&gt;
Nice to meet you.&lt;br&gt;
It's a pleasure [to meet you]}}

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings|Greetings]]

==Grammar: Personal Pronouns==
Spanish has six different types of pronouns.

{{Spanish Grammar|1=Los Pronombres|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;'''English equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;'''Spanish equivalent'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person singular (1)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;I&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person singular (2)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''singular'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person singular (3)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;he, she, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;él, ella, usted&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1st person plural (4)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;we&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;nosotros, nosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2nd person plural (5)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''plural'' you (informal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;vosotros, vosotras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3rd person plural (6)'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;they, you (formal)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ellos, ellas, ustedes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

'''A few things to keep in mind:'''
* It is normal in Spanish to omit the personal pronoun (i.e. you seldom say &lt;b&gt;yo estoy bien&lt;/b&gt; but &lt;b&gt;estoy bien&lt;/b&gt;, and you ask &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama?&lt;/b&gt; instead of &lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se llama usted?&lt;/b&gt;) because the specific conjugation of a verb usually indicates which person is the subject. However, usted, él and ella all use the same verb form so if you choose to drop the pronoun in this case it must be clear in the situational context which pronoun is being referenced.
* In most of Spain the vosotros form can be used to address a group of familiar people (e.g. friends), and ustedes is used with more formality (e.g. recent acquaintances). In all Latin American countries and parts of Spain ustedes is used also for a familiar group of people; in these countries the &quot;vosotros&quot; form is almost never used.
* In Argentina and parts of Uruguay, the ''tu'' form is replaced with ''vos.''
* ''Usted'' and ''ustedes'' can be abbreviated as ''Ud.'' and ''Uds.'', respectively.

==Grammar: Verbs ser and estar==

Spanish has two different words that can be translated with &quot;''to be''&quot;.
'''Ser''' is used more for more permanent characteristics (&quot;''Soy Luis''&quot;) whereas '''estar''' is used for more temporary or changeable conditions, such as location (&quot;''La papelera está al lado del escritorio''&quot;, &quot;The trash can is beside the desk&quot;) and  feeling (&quot;''Estoy bien''&quot;). In future lessons we will come back to the uses of ser and estar. 

Here we will look at the conjugations in the ''present indicative''.
{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo ser|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) soy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) eres&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) es&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) somos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) sois&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) son|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}


{{Spanish Vocab|
1=El verbo estar|
2=Saying &quot;to be&quot;|
3=(yo) estoy&lt;br&gt;
(tú) estás&lt;br&gt;
(él, ella, usted) está&lt;br&gt;
(nosotros) estamos&lt;br&gt;
(vosotros) estáis&lt;br&gt;
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) están|
4=I am&lt;br&gt;
you are&lt;br&gt;
he, she, you is/are&lt;br&gt;
we are&lt;br&gt;
you all are&lt;br&gt;
they, you all are
}}

==Ejemplos de los verbos ser y estar (Examples of the Verbs ser and estar)==

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Spanish (español)
!English (inglés)
|-
|Yo '''soy''' una persona.
|I '''am''' a person.
|-
|Yo '''estoy''' en casa.
|I '''am''' at home'''
|-
|Tú '''eres''' un buen hombre.
|You '''are''' a good man.
|-
|Tú '''estás''' en el sitio correcto.
|You '''are''' in the correct place.
|-
|Él '''es''' mi amigo.
|He '''is''' my friend.
|-
|Él '''está''' jugando muy bien.*
|He '''is''' playing very well.
|}

Note: *This use of '''estar''' is the Spanish ''present progressive'' which is
used for actions in progress. More about the ''present progressive'' in
[[Spanish/Lesson X|Lesson X]]

Dialect Note: Spanish which uses the ''vos'' form conjugates ser with the following irregular form: ''sos''. 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar|Verbs ser and estar]]

==Hay==

Spanish uses a different verb ('''haber''') to express &quot;''there is ''&quot; and &quot;''there are''&quot;. The form of '''haber''' used for this purpose is '''hay,''' for both singular (&quot;''there is''&quot;) and plural (&quot;''there are''&quot;).

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!English (inglés)
!Spanish (español)
|-
|there is&lt;br&gt;there are
|hay
|}

==Spanish alphabet==
Here is the normal Spanish alphabet. However words aren't alphabetized by it. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue letters are a part of the normal English alphabet.)

'''Audio''': [[Media:Spanish alphabet.ogg|OGG]] (646KB)
{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|11
!12
!13
!14
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|25
!26
!27
!28
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ'' and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''Ñ'' should always be alphabetized after ''N'' no matter where it appears in the word (e.g., ''muñeca'' goes after ''mundo''). ''RR'' is considered a letter in the Spanish language, but there are no words beginning with this letter. It is alphabetized after ''R'' (e.g., ''carro'' comes after ''caro'').
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'' and ''LL''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' were not letters but [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]]. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively.
|-
!colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;29&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names, such as karate and whisky. For instances, kilo is commonly used in Mexico to refer to a kilogram.
|}


Although the above will get you understood, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n''; otherwise closer to ''v'' (in Latin America there's no distinction)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k''
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in “think” (in Latin America is like English ''s'')
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese”
*'''d''' between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the end of a word, like English ''d'' in dental
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''' like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in “loch”, except that it is voiced
*'''g''' before '''a''' or '''o''' like ''g'' in “get”
*'''h''' is always silent (except in the digraf ''ch'')
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel
*'''ll''' is pronounced like English y in “yes”
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
*'''q''' like the English ''k''
*'''r''' slighty trilled; like a soft ''d'' except at the beginning of a word or after '''l''', '''n''' or '''s''' where it is trilled
*'''rr''' should be trilled longer than a single ''r''
*'''v''' is pronounced like a cross between a ''v'' and a ''b''
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America is like English ''s'')

==Vowel pronunciation==
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La Mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;          (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as the ''ay'' in &quot;day&quot;  (e)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;   (i)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;no&quot;.              (short o)
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after &quot;q&quot; (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced kā). 

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands.

==Semi-Vowels==

*'''y''' [j] &quot;''Rey''&quot; as in the y of &quot;yet&quot;.

==Acute accents==
Spanish uses the ´ (Acute) diacritic mark over vowels to indicate a vocal stress on a word that would normally be stressed on another syllable; Stress is contrastive. For example, the word ''ánimo'' is normally stressed on ''a'', meaning &quot;mood, spirit.&quot; While ''animo'' is stressed on ''ni'' meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot; {{Audio||listen}}

Additionally the acute mark is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs. It's used in various question word or relative pronoun pairs such as ''cómo'' (how?)&amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde''(where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where), and some other words such as ''tú'' (you) &amp; ''tu'' (your), ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

==Emphasis==

The rules of stress in Spanish are:

1. When the word ends in a vowel or in &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot; the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable.

Eg: Mañana, Como, Dedos, Hablan.

2. When the word ends in a consonant other than &quot;n&quot; or &quot;s&quot;, the emphasis falls on the last syllable.

Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil.

3. If the above two rules don't apply, there will be an accent to show the stress.

Eg: Fíjate, Inglés, Teléfono.

4. '''SPECIAL CASE''': Adverbs ending in ''-mente'', which are derived from adjectives, have two stresses. The first stress occurs in the ''adjective part'' of the adverb, on the syllable where the adjective would normally be stressed. The second stress occurs on the ''-men-'' syllable.

Eg: Solamente, Felizmente, Cortésmente.

----
==== The Indefinite Article ====

In English the indefinite articles are ''a'' and ''an'' (singular) or ''some'' (plural).
In Spanish there are different forms for masculine-gender, feminine-gender, singular or plural.

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''The Indefinite Article'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Grammatica''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&quot;A&quot; &quot;Some&quot;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;un&lt;br&gt;
una&lt;br&gt;
unos&lt;br&gt;
unas&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;a (masculine singular)&lt;br&gt;
a (feminine singular)&lt;br&gt;
some (masculine plural)&lt;br&gt;
some (feminine plural)&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Examples:'''
&lt;br&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:gold&quot;
|-
|un niño
|''a boy''
|-
|una niña
|''a girl''
|-
|unos niños
|''some boys''
|-
|unas niñas
|''some girls''
|}
&lt;br&gt;
For phonetic reasons some words beginning with accented '''a''' may have the article '''un''': un ave blanca ''(a white bird),'' las aves blancas ''(the white birds)''. This is basically the same idea as '''el ave blanca''' ''(the white bird)''.

Remember, do not confuse uno ''(one)'' with un ''(a or an)''.&lt;br&gt;
Also, do not confuse una ''(a or an)'' with uña ''(fingernail)''.

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Articles]]
----

== Text ==

Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.

{{Spanish Dialogue|1=Los Verbos|2=Maria '''viaja''' a México&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Luis'': ¿Qué '''hacen''' por la noche?&lt;br&gt;''Ana y Carmen'': Nosotras '''bailamos''' en la fiesta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Raúl'': ¿Qué '''haces''' mañana?&lt;br&gt;''Carlos'': Mañana '''practico''' al tenis.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marco '''mira''' la televisión porque hace mal tiempo.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pedro y Mario '''toman''' unos refrescos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Rosalía '''escribe''' a sus padres los domingos.}}

As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are ''conjugated'', that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are ''not'' necessary.
=== Vocabulary for text ===
{{Spanish Vocab|1=Viajar|2=Travelling|3=
viajar&lt;br&gt;
hacer&lt;br&gt;
la noche&lt;br&gt;
bailar&lt;br&gt;
la fiesta&lt;br&gt;
mañana&lt;br&gt;
practicar&lt;br&gt;
mirar&lt;br&gt;
porque&lt;br&gt;
buen tiempo&lt;br&gt;
mal tiempo&lt;br&gt;
tomar&lt;br&gt;
beber&lt;br&gt;
el refresco&lt;br&gt;
el domingo&lt;br&gt;
escribir&lt;br&gt;
los padres|
4=to travel&lt;br&gt;
to do, to make&lt;br&gt;
night&lt;br&gt;
to dance&lt;br&gt;
party&lt;br&gt;
tomorrow&lt;br&gt;
to practice&lt;br&gt;
to watch, to look at&lt;br&gt;
because&lt;br&gt;
nice weather&lt;br&gt;
bad weather&lt;br&gt;
to take, to drink&lt;br&gt;
to drink&lt;br&gt;
soda, soft drink&lt;br&gt;
Sunday&lt;br&gt;
to write&lt;br&gt;
parents}}

===Regular Verbs===

Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: '''-ar''', '''-er''', and '''-ir''' verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis, for this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the
following:

{{Spanish Grammar|1=El presente regular|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ar&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-er'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot;&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''Infinitive''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''hablar''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''comer''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''vivir''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;English&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to talk&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to eat&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;to live&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''o'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''as'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''es'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''a'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''e'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''amos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''emos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''imos'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''ais'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''eis'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''ís'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;habl'''an'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;com'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;viv'''en'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}
&lt;/br&gt;

As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
# Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
# Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its ''base'' form.
# Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.

Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The ''nosotros'' (4) and ''vosotros'' (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an &quot;i&quot; in the stem instead of an &quot;e.&quot; 

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Regular Verbs|Regular Verbs]]

===&quot;G&quot; Verbs===
The verb ''hacer'' means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form ''(I)'' of the present tense only. The irregular form is '''hago'''. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a &quot;g&quot; in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb '''hacer'''.
{{Spanish Grammar|1=El verbo hacer|2=
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;background: #F0F0FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Person'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;'''Verb form'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''1'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ha'''g'''o&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''2'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haces&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''3'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hace&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''4'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacemos&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''5'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;haceis&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''6'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;hacen&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

Note that the verb '''hacer''' is translated as ''to do'' and ''to make'' when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about weather conditions:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!El Tiempo
!The Weather
|-
|Hace buen tiempo.
|The weather is good.
|-
|Hace mal tiempo.
|The weather is bad.
|-
|Hace frío.
|It's cold.
|-
|Hace fresco.
|It's chilly.
|-
|Hace calor.
|It's hot.
|-
|Hace sol.
|It's sunny.
|-
|Hace nublado.
|It's cloudy.
|-
|Hace viento.
|It's windy.
|}

When speaking about the weather using '''hacer''', the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days) ==

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
 cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;
 align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los dias de la semana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thursday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Friday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sunday&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el lunes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el martes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el miércoles&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el jueves&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el viernes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el sábado&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#EEDC82&quot;&gt;el domingo&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


'''Audio''': [[Media:The days of the week.ogg|OGG]] (157KB)

*The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).

----

==Una fiesta==

[[Image:Fiesta1.jpg]]

Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y convivimos en el jardín de esta casa.&lt;br&gt;
''A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.''
----

==Stem Changing Verbs==

In Spanish, some verbs change their stems when they are conjugated. These verbs are known as ''stem-changing verbs''. Many of these verbs are important and often used. There are three different types of stem changing verbs in Spanish:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26x26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Cambios de los Verbos'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Types of Stem-Changing Verbs&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;e → ie&lt;br&gt;
e → i&lt;br&gt;
o → ue&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

The stem changes for all conjugations, excepting '''nosotros/as''' and '''vosotros/as'''. The endings are the same as for regular verbs ('''-o''' for '''yo''', '''-as/-es''' for '''tú''', ...). 

&lt;big&gt; '''Entender'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Understand
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;100&quot;&gt;yo ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She understands&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We understand&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl.) understand&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros entend&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) understand&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes ent'''ie'''nd&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that the stem change is done for the second 'e' (not the first one) - in general the stem always changes for the last vowel before the '''-ar/-er/-ir''' ending.

'''Example''': pedir (e-&gt;i) ''to ask for, to order''

&lt;big&gt; '''Pedir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Ask For, Order
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She asks for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt; Usted p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We ask for&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) ask for&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros ped&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (pl form) ask for&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes p'''i'''d&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: all '''e-&gt;i''' stem changing verbs are '''-ir''' verbs.


&lt;big&gt; '''Dormir'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;To Sleep
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 400px;&quot;
 border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;I sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;yo d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;tú d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;es&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;He sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;él d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;She sleeps&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ella d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Usted d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot;
 width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;We sleep&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;nosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;imos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural) sleep&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;vosotros dorm&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ís&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;They sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;ellos d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#edfded&quot; width=&quot;134&quot;&gt;You (plural formal) sleep&lt;br&gt;
&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;
 bgcolor=&quot;#f6f9f7&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;Ustedes d'''ue'''rm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#dfe0e0&quot; width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of some other common stem changing verbs:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!e ? ie
!e ? i
!o ? ue
|-
|cerrar ''(to close)''
|competir ''(to compete)''
|almorzar ''(to eat lunch)''
|-
|comenzar ''(to begin)''
|conseguir ''(to get, obtain)''
|costar ''(to cost)''
|-
|defender ''(to defend)''
|pedir ''(to ask for, order)''
|encontrar ''(to find)''
|-
|empezar ''(to start, begin)''
|reir ''(to laugh)''
|morir ''(to die)''
|-
|mentir ''(to lie)''
|repetir ''(to repeat)''
|mostrar ''(to show)''
|-
|pensar ''(to think)''
|seguir ''(to follow, continue)''
|mover  ''(to move)''
|-
|perder ''(to lose)''
|servir ''(to serve)''
|recordar ''(to remember)''
|-
|preferir ''(to prefer)''
|sonreír ''(to smile)''
|volver ''(to return)''
|}

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Stem Changing Verbs|Stem Changing Verbs]]

==Present Participle==

The present participle in Spanish is used either for continuous tenses (with ''estar'', e.g. ''I am running.'') and can also be used as an adjective. The Spanish present participle corresponds to the English '''-ing''' form of the verb.To form the present participle for regular '''-ar''' verbs, add '''-ando''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add '''-iendo''':

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Participio Presente'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;hablar →  hablando&lt;br&gt;
comer →  comiendo&lt;br&gt;
vivir →  viviendo&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;speaking&lt;br&gt;
eating&lt;br&gt;
living&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
However, not all present participles are that regular. Some verbs add a &quot;y,&quot; or change the spelling, to adhere to Spanish orthography (spelling) rules. Here is a list of some common verbs that have an irregular present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''Pariticipios Irregulares'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;-ing&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;caer&lt;br&gt;
decir&lt;br&gt;
dormir&lt;br&gt;
ir&lt;br&gt;
leer&lt;br&gt;
oir&lt;br&gt;
pedir&lt;br&gt;
repetir&lt;br&gt;
reír&lt;br&gt;
seguir&lt;br&gt;
traer&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;cayendo&lt;br&gt;
diciendo&lt;br&gt;
durmiendo&lt;br&gt;
yendo&lt;br&gt;
leyendo&lt;br&gt;
oyendo&lt;br&gt;
pidiendo&lt;br&gt;
repitiendo&lt;br&gt;
riendo&lt;br&gt;
siguiendo&lt;br&gt;
trayendo&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Present Progressive==

Like in English, the Spanish present progressive is used to describe an ''action in progress''.
It is formed by conjugating the verb '''estar''' and then adding the present participle:

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #FFDEAD; border: solid 1px #7FFFD4; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Presente Progresivo'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los Verbos''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Talking about actions occurring right now&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;Yo estoy hablando&lt;br&gt;
Tú estás hablando&lt;br&gt;
Él/ella/usted está hablando&lt;br&gt;
Nosotros estamos hablando&lt;br&gt;
Vosotros estáis hablando&lt;br&gt;
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están hablando&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;I am talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
He/She/You is/are talking&lt;br&gt;
We are talking&lt;br&gt;
You are talking&lt;br&gt;
They/You are talking&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

==Vocabulary==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''La Familia''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Vocabulary for the family&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;los padres&lt;br&gt;
el padre, papá&lt;br&gt;
la madre, mamá&lt;br&gt;
los hijos&lt;br&gt;
el hijo&lt;br&gt;
la hija&lt;br&gt;
los hermanos&lt;br&gt;
el hermano&lt;br&gt;
la hermana&lt;br&gt;
los abuelos&lt;br&gt;
el abuelo&lt;br&gt;
la abuela&lt;br&gt;
los nietos&lt;br&gt;
el nieto&lt;br&gt;
la nieta&lt;br&gt;
los tíos&lt;br&gt;
el tío&lt;br&gt;
la tía&lt;br&gt;
los sobrinos&lt;br&gt;
el sobrino&lt;br&gt;
la sobrina&lt;br&gt;
los primos&lt;br&gt;
el primo&lt;br&gt;
la prima&lt;br&gt;
los cónyuges, marido y mujer&lt;br&gt;
el esposo, el marido&lt;br&gt;
la esposa, la mujer&lt;br&gt;
los suegros&lt;br&gt;
la suegra, la nuera&lt;br&gt;
el suegro, el yerno&lt;br&gt;
los cuñados&lt;br&gt;
el cuñado&lt;br&gt;
la cuñada&lt;br&gt;
los consuegros&lt;br&gt;
el consuegro&lt;br&gt;
la consuegra&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;parents&lt;br&gt;
father&lt;br&gt;
mother&lt;br&gt;
children&lt;br&gt;
son&lt;br&gt;
daughter&lt;br&gt;
siblings&lt;br&gt;
brother&lt;br&gt;
sister&lt;br&gt;
grandparents&lt;br&gt;
grandfather&lt;br&gt;
grandmother&lt;br&gt;
grandchildren&lt;br&gt;
grandson&lt;br&gt;
granddaughter&lt;br&gt;
uncles and aunts&lt;br&gt;
uncle&lt;br&gt;
aunt&lt;br&gt;
nephews and nieces&lt;br&gt;
nephew&lt;br&gt;
niece&lt;br&gt;
cousins&lt;br&gt;
cousin (male)&lt;br&gt;
cousin (female)&lt;br&gt;
spouses&lt;br&gt;
husband&lt;br&gt;
wife&lt;br&gt;
parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
siblings-in-law&lt;br&gt;
brother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
sister-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's parents-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's father-in-law&lt;br&gt;
your child's mother-in-law&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----

== Grammar - Questions ==

Like in English, yes/no questions in Spanish are formed by switching
the position of subject and verb (if the subject is explicit). Unlike English, Spanish uses a
reversed question mark ('''¿''') at the beginning of a question:

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tú eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|-
|Eres de México.
|''You are from Mexico.''
|}
become

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|¿Eres tú de México?
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|-
|¿Eres de México?''
|''Are you from Mexico?''
|}

For other type of questions Spanish uses the following question words (note that all of them have an accent in the word):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo...? or ¿Qué...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How...?'' or ''What...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuándo...?	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''When...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuánto...?     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How much...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How many...?''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Por qué...? 	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Why...?''		&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quién...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (singular)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Quiénes...?  	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Who...? (plural)''	&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are some Spanish sentences where specific question words are used:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''What is your name?'' (Literally: ''How do you call yourself?)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''How many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;¿Dónde está el aeropuerto?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Where is the airport?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Questions can also be posed within a sentence:
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Y tú, ¿cuántos años tienes?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''How old are you?'' (Literally: ''And you, how many years do you have?'')&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Entonces, ¿por qué no puedo jugar con él?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''So, why can't I play with him?''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Questions|Questions]]

----

== Grammar - Possessive Adjectives ==

Like English, the Spanish possessive adjectives differ depending on the person they are referring to. Unlike English, the possessive article also changes depending on the number of items that one possesses (for example: '''mi libro''' = ''my book'', '''mis libros''' = ''my books''). It can also change depending on the gender of the item (for example: '''nuestro perro''' = ''our dog'', '''nuestra casa''' = ''our house''').
The following table summarizes all Spanish possessive adjectives:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Person	            &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Singular    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Plural        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;i&gt;English	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;
  Examples&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;my		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  mi lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú     		    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tu          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  tu lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;his&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;her&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro, nuestra, de nosotros  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  nuestros, nuestras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;our		&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nuestro lápiz, el lápiz de 
  nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestro, vuestra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuestros, vuestras  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  vuestro lápiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their	&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;their&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;su, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sus, de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;your&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
  su lápiz, el lápiz de ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Possessive Pronouns are &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; used when talking about body parts:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi nariz (la nariz de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my nose (his nose)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mi dedo (el dedo de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my finger (his finger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis manos (las manos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my hands (his hands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mis ojos (los ojos de él)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;my eyes (his eyes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Possessive Adjectives|Possessive Adjectives]]

----

== Grammar - Comparisons ==

=== Equality ===

Spanish uses three slightly different constructions for comparisons of equality. One for comparing verbs,
one for comparing nouns and one for comparing adjectives/adverbs. The following examples
show the three different possibilities:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alberto estudia '''tanto como''' Felicitas.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Alberto studies as much as Felicitas.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Yo tengo '''tanto''' dinero '''como''' mi hermano.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have as much money as my brother.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;La estudiante es '''tan''' inteligente '''como''' el profesor.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''The student is as intelligent as the teacher.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

When comparing nouns, the ending of '''tanto''' will be modified to '''tanta''', '''tantos''',
or '''tantas''' in order to match gender and quantity of the noun. The general pattern for comparisons
of equality is the following:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} '''tanto como'''                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{verb} ''as much as''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tanto/a/os/as''' {noun} '''como'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as much/as many'' {noun} ''as''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''tan''' {adjective/adverb} '''como'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''as'' {adjective/adverb} ''as'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Inequality ===

For comparisons of inequality, Spanish uses the same form for both nouns and adjectives/adverbs. There
are two types of inequalities: '''más ... que''' (''more than'') and '''menos ... que''' (''less than''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''más''' horas '''que''' tú.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work more hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Trabajo '''menos''' horas '''que''' tú.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I work less hours than you.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tom Hanks es '''más''' famoso '''que''' Patrick Stewart.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Tom Hanks is more famous than Patrick Stewart.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Patrick Stewart es '''menos''' famoso '''que''' Tom Hanks.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Patrick Stewart is less famous than Tom Hanks.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In general:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''más/menos''' {noun/adjective/adverb} '''que'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''more/less'' {noun/adjective/adverb} ''than''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Superlatives ===

Superlatives in Spanish are similar to comparisons of inequality: They use '''más''' for ''the most'',
'''menos''' for ''the least''. Then follows the adjective and finally there is a preposition ('''de'''):

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ricardo es el estudiante '''más''' alto '''de''' la universidad.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Ricardo is the tallest student in the university.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plutón es el planeta '''más''' pequeño '''del''' sistema solar.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Los diamantes son las gemas '''más''' caras '''del''' mundo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Diamonds are the most expensive gems in the world.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;María es la '''más''' inteligente '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Maria is the most intelligent one in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;El libro de Jorge es el '''menos''' interesante '''de''' la clase.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Jorge's book is the least interesting book in the class.''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;/table&gt;

Note that in some cases ('''la más inteligente''') you can just write the article and omit the noun. The
general pattern for Spanish superlatives is:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el/la/los/las''' ({noun}) '''más/menos''' {adjective} '''de'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (most/least)''{adjective} {noun} ''in/of''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Comparisons|Comparisons]]

----

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La escuela (School) ==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La escuela     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The school''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Nombres        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Nouns''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el profesor, la profesora      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the teacher, the professor''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el maestro, la maestra      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school teacher''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el alumno, la alumna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el/la estudiante     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the student''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el rector, la rectora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university president, the school principal''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el colegio        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the primary school'' (Spain), ''the K-12 school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la escuela        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the school'' (all senses), ''the primary School'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el instituto      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el liceo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Chile)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la preparatoria     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the secondary school'' (Mexico)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;                         
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la universidad    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the university, the college''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la biblioteca     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the library''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la librería       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book store''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el libro de texto &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the text book''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el curso, la clase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the course, the class''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el examen         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the final exam''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los deberes, las tareas escolares, la tarea&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the homework''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Verbos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Verbs''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''Verbos''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aprender          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to learn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estudiar          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to study''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to read''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to write''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;calcular          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to compute, to calculate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer un proyecto            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to do a project''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;preguntar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to ask''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;contestar         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to answer''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;discutir          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to argue''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;Adjectivos        &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;''Adjectives''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;fácil             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''easy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;difícil           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''difficult''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;interesante       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''interesting''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aburrido, pesado  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''boring''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;inteligente       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''intelligent''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;estúpido, tonto   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''stupid, dumb, silly''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Object Pronouns ==

=== Direct Object Pronouns ===

While the subject of a sentence ''initiates'' an action (the verb), the
direct object is the one that is ''affected'' by the action. A direct
object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 El chico come '''la manzana'''.&lt;br&gt;
 Él '''la''' come.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The boy eats'' '''''the apple''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''He eats'' '''''it''''' ''.''
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''me''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le/lo'''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''him/it''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ella&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;her/it&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''lo/la'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''us, we''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (plural)''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (masculine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''them (feminine)''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les/los/las'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note: In Spain, ''le'' and ''les'' are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, ''lo'' or ''los'' are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, ''lo'' and ''los'' are used instead of ''le'' and ''les''.

=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with
''To whom...?'' or ''From whom...?''. It is called ''indirect'' because
it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly
by the action: 

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 La mujer da una manzana '''al chico'''.&lt;br&gt;
 La mujer '''le''' da una manzana.
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;
 ''The woman gives an apple'' '''''to the boy''''' ''.''&lt;br&gt;
 ''The woman gives'' '''''him''''' ''an apple''.
 &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The apple ''is given'' by the woman (direct). The boy gets
the ''given apple'' (indirect - depends on the apple being given).

Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
  Indirect Object&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''me'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from me''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''te'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;él/ella/usted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''le'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from him/her/you''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/nosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nos'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from us''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/vosotras&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''os'''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from you''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ellos/ellas/ustedes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''les'''    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''to/from them/you''   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

=== Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns) ===

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is
both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes
first:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Te''' compro una bicicleta .&lt;br&gt;
'''Te''' '''la''' compro.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I buy you a bike.''&lt;br&gt;
''I buy it for you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural),
the indirect pronoun changes from '''le/les''' to '''se''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
El profesor '''le''' da unos libros.&lt;br&gt;
El profesor '''se''' '''los''' da.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''The professor gives her the books.''&lt;br&gt;
''The professor gives them to her.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object
pronoun may be either '''placed before''' the conjugated verb or it
maybe '''attached''' to the infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional.&lt;br&gt;
Carmen puede '''cantarlo'''. '''''or''''' Carmen '''lo''' puede cantar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''Carmen can sing the national anthem.''&lt;br&gt;
''Carmen can sing it.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination
of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Quiero mostrarte una casa.&lt;br&gt;
Quiero '''mostrártela'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''I want to show you a house.''&lt;br&gt;
''I want to show it to you.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:'''[[Spanish/Exercises/Object Pronouns|Object Pronouns]]

== Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (The food) ==

In Spain and several other countries, ''comida'' is the midday meal.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (el almuerzo)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to lunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cena                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cenar                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have dinner                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
In other countries, for example Chile, ''comida'' is the last meal in the day.
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las comidas                  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;The meals               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el desayuno                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breakfast               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;desayunar, tomar desayuno    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have breakfast       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el almuerzo                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lunch                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;almorzar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to have lunch           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la comida (la cena)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dinner, main meal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer (cenar)                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to eat, to have dinner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Instead of saying ''desayuno, comida y cena'' (Spain) or ''desayuno, almuerzo y comida'' (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say ''desayuno, almuerzo y cena''.
&amp;nbsp;

The word ''comida'' has several meanings
*'''food''' ''Me gusta la comida mexicana''
*'''meal''' ''El desayuno es la principal comida del día''
*'''lunch''' ''La comida es a las 2 PM''
*'''dinner''' ''La comida es a las 9 PM''
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Frutas&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Fruits&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;banana                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la banana &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el banano&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cereza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;cherry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la guinda&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el damasco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;apricot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el albaricoque (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el durazno (Sp. Am)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;peach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el melocotón (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fresa                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;strawberry              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la frutilla (Chile, Argentina)          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el kiwi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kiwi fruit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la manzana                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;apple                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la naranja                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;orange                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pera                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pear                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la piña&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pineapple&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ananá (f)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la uva                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grape                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ciruela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plum                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Las Verduras   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Vegetables   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cebolla                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;onion                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la lechuga                   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lettuce                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las espinacas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;spinach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la papa (Sp. Am.)             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;potato&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la patata (Spain)            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el pepino                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cucumber                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el aguacate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avocado                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tomate                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tomato                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la zanahoria                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;carrot                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el zapallo (Chile, Argentina)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;pumpkin, squash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la calabaza (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las caraotas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;beans&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;los frijoles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las alubias (Spain)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called ''Vegetales'' instead of ''Verduras''. They mistranslate '''vegetable''', forgetting that this is not the same as English '''vegetal''' (relating to plants).

*&lt;b&gt;Legumbres&lt;/b&gt; means the same thing as &lt;b&gt;verduras&lt;/b&gt; (vegetables).
----

== Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido) ==

The following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the '''nosotros'''
form is the same as in the present tense for '''-ar''' and '''-ir''' verbs, so you have to know the context to
figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of '''comí''' and '''viví''' has an accent mark.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar (-ar) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer (-er)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;vivir (-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablé        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comí       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viví       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viviste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habló        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivió      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablamos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablastéis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivistéis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they talked''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they ate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they lived''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dije        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuve      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hice        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;diste       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuviste   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hiciste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dio         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvo      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hizo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dimos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvimos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;disteis     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvisteis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dieron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dijeron     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estuvieron  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hicieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poder       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;querer      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pude        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puse        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quise       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisiste    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puso        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quiso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisimos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisisteis  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pudieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pusieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quisieron   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser         &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supe        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fui         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuve        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vine        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supiste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuiste      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuviste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;viniste     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fue         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvo        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vino        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuimos      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinimos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fuisteis    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinisteis   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;supieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fueron      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tuvieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vinieron    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise''': [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite|Preterite]]

----

== Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)==

The following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular '''-er''' and
'''-ir''' verbs follow the exact same pattern:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;habl''ar'' &lt;br&gt;(-ar)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to talk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;com''er'' &lt;br&gt;(-er) &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to eat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;viv''ir'' &lt;br&gt;(-ir)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to live&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabas     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivías     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaba        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivía      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''he/she was living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablábamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíamos   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablabais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivíais    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablaban     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were talking''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were eating''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivían     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''they were living''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ver        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibas         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eras       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veías      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iba          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;era        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veía       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;íbamos       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;éramos     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíamos    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros/as  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ibais        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;erais      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veíais     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos/as&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iban         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eran       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;veían      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect ==

Spanish has two tenses that correspond to the English ''simple past''. Roughly speaking,
the '''Preterite''' is used to tell '''What happened''' - it refers to a '''specific''' event.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Preterite''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A specific event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Ayer, yo '''comí''' una hamburguesa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Beginning/end of an event
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
La fiesta '''terminó''' a las tres de la mañana.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A series of events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos '''salió''' de la universidad, '''compró''' unas ropas y '''volvió''' a casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Preterite                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''esta mañana             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''this morning              ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''anoche                  '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last night                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''ayer                    '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''yesterday                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el otro día             '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the other day             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el lunes pasado         '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last Monday               ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''la semana pasada        '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last week                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el mes pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last month                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''el año pasado           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''last year                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''hace dos años           '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''two years ago             ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''en ese momento          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''at that moment            ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''entonces                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''then                      ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The '''Imperfect''' is used to tell '''How things were''' - it refers to the '''general''' situation.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Imperfect''' is used for...
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Example'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Habitual events
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
A veces Einstein se '''equivocaba'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Time in the past
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Eran''' las dos de la tarde.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Conditions (physical or mental)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Era''' un día muy caluroso.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Imperfect                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Key words                     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''siempre                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''always                    ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''generalmente            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''usually                   ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a menudo                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''often                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''muchas veces            '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''many times                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''a veces                 '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sometimes                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''nunca                   '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''never                     ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''todos los días          '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''every day                 ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada día                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'''cada año                '''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''every year                ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

'''Exercise:''' [[Spanish/Exercises/Preterite vs. Imperfect|Preterite vs. Imperfect]]
----

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La casa (''The house'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;La casa                        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''The house''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la recámara&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the room''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dormitorio / el cuarto        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bedroom''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el comedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dining room''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cocina                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el servicio / el baño / el cuarto de baño           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bathroom''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;las escaleras                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stairs''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el sótano / el subterráneo     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the basement''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tejado / el techo           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the roof''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el techo / el cielo raso       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the ceiling''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el piso / el suelo             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the floor''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la pared / el muro             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the wall''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;       
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la mesa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the table''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la silla                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chair''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el espejo                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the mirror''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la ventana                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the window''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el armario / el ropero / el clóset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the closet''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En la cocina...                &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the kitchen...''     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the refrigerator ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el lavaplatos / la lavadora de platos&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the dishwasher''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el fregadero / el lavaplatos &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the kitchen sink''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la estufa / la cocina          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stove''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the oven''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el horno microondas            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the microwave''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la olla                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pot''               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la sartén / el sartén          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the (frying) pan''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;En el comedor...               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''In the dining room...''&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el plato	               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the plate''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la taza                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bowl''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el vaso                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the glass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la copa                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the goblet, the wineglass''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el tenedor                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fork''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el cuchillo                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the knife''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cuchara                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the spoon''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la servilleta                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the napkin''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
----

== Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) ==

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something
or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the
formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where
you use the '''usted''' or '''ustedes''' form. The following
table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the
stem changes that occur in the yo form, ('''e-&gt;ie''', '''e-&gt;i''', '''o-&gt;ue''', '''ar/er/ir-&gt;go''' '''cer-&gt;zco''' '''etc.''', ) apply for formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer          &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;  &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;dar    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;estar   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;saber   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Usted   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dé     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;esté    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vaya  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepa    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sea   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ustedes &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;den    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;estén   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vayan &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sepan   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sean  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piense''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Terminen''' sus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Dejen''' la casa inmediatamente.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Leave the house immediately.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands ==

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone
you would address in the '''tú''' form. Spanish distinguishes
two different types of '''tú'''-commands, the '''affirmative'''
(''do something'') and the '''negative''' (''don't do something'').
Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hablar        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;comer           &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;pedir        &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habl&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;com&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pid&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no habl&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no com&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pid&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

The following verbs have irregular informal '''tú'''-commands for the affirmative and negative.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;decir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;hacer   &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ir       &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;poner    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;haz     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ve/andá (Chile, Argentina)      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;pon      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no digas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no hagas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vayas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no pongas &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;salir     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;ser     &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;tener    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;venir    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Affirmative &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sal       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ten      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ven      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Negative    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no salgas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no seas  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no tengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;no vengas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device
&quot;''di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven.''&quot;

'''Examples''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Piensa''' antes de hablar.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Think before you speak.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''Termina''' tus tareas escolares.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Finish your homework.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
'''No dejes''' la casa.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Don't leave the house.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - La salud (''Health'') ==

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Los cuidados médicos               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''Medical attention''    &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la salud                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the health''           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermedad                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the disease''          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the pain''             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de cabeza                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the headache''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de estómago               &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the stomachache''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el resfriado                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the chill, the cold''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la medicina                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the medicine''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el jarabe                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the syrup''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la gripe                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the flu''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el hospital                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the hospital''         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la cama			             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the bed''              &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el médico                          &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the physician''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la enfermera                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the nurse''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el catarro                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cold''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la tos                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the cough''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la fiebre                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the fever''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;la quemadura del sol                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the sunburn''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;el dolor de la muela                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''the toothache''            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== El vocabulario (''Vocabulary'') - El cuerpo (''The Body'') ==

{| border=1
|-
!Las partes del cuerpo !! ''Body parts''
|-
|la cabeza || ''the head''
|-
|el ojo || ''the eye''
|-
|la oreja || ''the ear''
|-
|&lt;font size=1&gt;[[Spanish/Partes del cuerpo|more]]...&lt;/font&gt; || &amp;nbsp;
|}
----

==Vocabulario==
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la plaza''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;plaza&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el parque''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la fuente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;fountain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los flores''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;flowers&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el café''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;café ''or'' coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la calle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;road&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la avenida''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;avenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la acera''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sidewalk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''los árboles''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el césped''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;grass/lawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''la gente''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;people&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''el perro''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''caminar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to walk&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''andar''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oír''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to hear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''oler''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to smell&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''ver''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''correr''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to run&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;''sentarse''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to sit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

*Por ejemplo (&lt;/i&gt;for example&lt;/i&gt;)
:&lt;b&gt;¿Por qué no vamos al parque?&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;i&gt;Why don't we go to the park?&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;La fuente es linda.&lt;/b&gt;               &lt;i&gt;The fountain is beautiful.&lt;/i&gt;
:&lt;b&gt;Hay mucha gente en el parque hoy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;There are a lot of people in the park today.&lt;/i&gt;
== Grammar - Past Participle (el participio)==

Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect,
and other similar times. For '''-ar''' verbs form the past participle
by adding '''-ado''' to the stem. For '''-er''' and '''-ir''' verbs add
'''-ido''':

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablar                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hablado                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;comido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vivido                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

If the stem of an '''-er''' or '''-ir''' verb ends in one of the vowels '''-a''',
'''-e''', or '''-o''', the '''i''' of '''-ido''' gets an accent mark:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creído                           &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;leer                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;oir                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;oído                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;reir                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;reído                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;abrir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;abierto                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubrir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cubierto                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubrir                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;descubierto                 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;decir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dicho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;escribir                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;escrito                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;freír                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;frito                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;hacer                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hecho                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ir                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ido                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;morir                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;muerto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;poner                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;puesto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;romper                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roto                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfacer                &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;satisfecho                  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ver                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;visto                       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;volver                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;vuelto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In
that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Su barba está '''afeitada'''.                      
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
''His beard is shaved.''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


Finally, there are a few verbs with ''both'' a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Verb                      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Past Participle             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimir                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;imprimido / impreso                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultar                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ocultado / oculto                      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


----

== Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) ==

The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;he comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I have eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;has comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten ''     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ha comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she has eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hemos comido   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we have eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habéis comido  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you have eaten''      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;han comido     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they have eaten'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''hemos jugado''' fútbol.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''have played''' soccer.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿'''Has hecho''' tus tareas escolares de español?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Have''' you '''done''' your Spanish homework? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''ha enfermado'''.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''has''' never '''been''' sick. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) ==

The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of '''haber'''
(= ''to have'') and adding the past participle of the verb.

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#9999FF&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Present Perfect      &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;''English''             &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;yo            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''I had eaten ''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;tú            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habías comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ud./él/ella   &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;había comido         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/he/she had eaten''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;nosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíamos comido      &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''we had eaten''        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;vosotros(as)  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habíais comido       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you (all) had eaten''       &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Uds./ellos(as)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;habían comido        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''you/they had eaten''  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to
an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect,
the auxiliary verb '''haber''' and the past participle are never separated:

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Carlos y yo '''habíamos jugado''' el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carlos and I '''had played''' soccer before the party last night.&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
¿Tu '''habías venido''' antes a Mexico?
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;'''Had''' you '''been''' to Mexico before? &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
Nunca se '''había enfermado''' cuando era un niño.
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
&lt;i&gt;He '''had''' never '''been''' sick while he was a kid. &lt;/i&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

----

== El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media)==

&lt;center&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #f2fff2; border: solid 1px #bfffbf; padding: 0.2em; width: 90%;&quot; valign=top
|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|left|26px|Spanish Flag]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 110%&quot;&gt;'''El Vocabulario'''  &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Los medios''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{| style=&quot;width: 100%; text-align: left&quot; 
| colspan=2 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 92%&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;Media Vocabulary&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 105%&quot;&gt;
el artículo&lt;br /&gt;			
la cadena&lt;br /&gt;		
el canal&lt;br /&gt;		
el/la comentarista&lt;br /&gt;
el/la crítico/a&lt;br /&gt;
en directo, en vivo&lt;br /&gt;
la estación de radio&lt;br /&gt;
las noticias&lt;br /&gt;
el noticiero&lt;br /&gt;
el/la periodista&lt;br /&gt;
el periódico&lt;br /&gt;
la prensa&lt;br /&gt;
la primera plana&lt;br /&gt;
la sección deportiva&lt;br /&gt;
la sección financiera&lt;br /&gt;
'''la''' radio&lt;br /&gt;
el/la reportero/a&lt;br /&gt;
la telenovela&lt;br /&gt;
la revista&lt;br /&gt;
la televisión&lt;br /&gt;
el titular&lt;br /&gt;
la historieta&lt;br /&gt;
la música&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 95%;
line-height:105%&quot;&gt;
article&lt;br /&gt;
network&lt;br /&gt;
channel&lt;br /&gt;
commentator&lt;br /&gt;
critic&lt;br /&gt;
live&lt;br /&gt;
radio station&lt;br /&gt;
news&lt;br /&gt;
newscast&lt;br /&gt;
journalist&lt;br /&gt;
newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
press&lt;br /&gt;
front page&lt;br /&gt;
sports section&lt;br /&gt;
business section&lt;br /&gt;
radio (As in what you hear on the radio)&lt;br /&gt;
reporter&lt;br /&gt;
soap opera&lt;br /&gt;
magazine&lt;br /&gt;
television&lt;br /&gt;
headline&lt;br /&gt;
comic book&lt;br /&gt;
music&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
----</text>
      <sha1>nnph4ij3l34oq4vf9fcb8lb1dys0z6v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>How to Be a Good Camp Counselor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>98631</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088312</id>
      <parentid>3461989</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:48:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3076" xml:space="preserve">So you've just been hired to work in a [[w:Summer camp|summer camp]] and you can't wait to get started. Here's what you should know to have a great summer.

==Golden Rules==
*Your job starts before you arrive.  Know your job, prepare well, get some rest and most of all, know how to get there!
*Your campers will want to do almost everything you do.  They get influenced very easily, especially at younger ages.  Jump out the window, and they will follow.  Finish your meal, and they will finish theirs.  Watch out for body language.
*Ask not what your camp can do for your campers, ask what you can do for them.
*Some say politics and camp doesn't mix.  Try not to discuss these things in detail.  A bit of joking about your country might be ok, but don't go any further.  It can cost you your reputation or more.  Even a very political person can forget about all that stuff for a summer and enjoy camp even better.
*Whatever you do, DON'T GET FIRED!  It never happened to anyone I knew or worked with, but it's not the same as getting fired from your fast food restaurant part-time job.  It's bad for you, the staff, and especially the campers.  Know your rules carefully and take your job seriously.
*Have fun.  the more you have fun, the more the kids will have fun.
*Sleep in!  Every occasion you have to sleep early or wake up late in weekends off for example should be used.  You really need your rest, especially after 5 or 6 weeks.
*Never make assumptions.  8 year olds don't necessarily know that they should use soap, and your fourth week or fourth session campers need to be reminded of the routine all over again, cause they weren't there in the first week.
*Establish expectations on the first night.  Failure to do so will often result in your campers breaking the rules for the rest of the session.
*Show lots of camp spirit. The more enthusiastic you are, the more fun it is for everyone

==Quotes==
Here are a few quotes to make your job seem more worthwhile.
*&quot;Children are the world's most valuable resource.  They're the only hope for the future.&quot;
*&quot;Firefighters save lives, cops prevent crime, doctors heal the sick, but it's camp counselors that are the real heroes.&quot;

==Links==
=== Associations ===
* The [http://www.acacamps.org American Camp Association] accredits camps which adhere to a set of national standards.
* The [http://www.ccamping.org/ Canadian Camping Association] is an association of camps across Canada.  Accreditation of camps in Canada happens at the provincial level. 
* The [http://www.ccca-us.org/ccihome/default.asp Christian Camp and Conference Association] connects Christian camping professionals and associations around the world.
* The [http://www.ontariocamps.ca/ Ontario Camping Association] accredits camps in Ontario, Canada
* The [http://www.camps.qc.ca/ Quebec Camping Association] accredits camps in Quebec, Canada
* The [http://www.campingfellowship.org/ International Camping Fellowship] connects camping professionals and associations around the world.

{{alphabetical|H}}
{{shelves|Miscellaneous}}
{{status|0%}}</text>
      <sha1>5tv6x2hww59xsfhgmm8mtt0d5eaja3g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>High School Mathematics Extensions/Primes/text</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>100153</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088297</id>
      <parentid>4072968</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:58:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>105.112.213.144</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Exercise */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15302" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction ==
A prime number (or prime for short) is a [[w:Natural_number|natural number]] that has exactly two divisors: itself and the number 1.  Since 1 has only one divisor — itself — we do not consider it to be a prime number but a unit. So, 2 is the first prime, 3 is the next prime, but 4 is not a prime because 4 divided by 2 equals 2 without a remainder. We've proved 4 has three divisors: 1, 2, and 4. Numbers with more than two divisors are called '''composite numbers'''.

The first 20 primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, and 71.

Primes are an endless source of fascination for mathematicians. Some of the problems concerning primes are so difficult that even decades of work by some of the most brilliant mathematicians have failed to solve them. One such problem is [[w:Goldbach's conjecture|Goldbach's conjecture]], which proposes that all even numbers greater than 3 can be expressed as the sum of two primes. No one has been able to prove it true or false.

This chapter will introduce some of the elementary properties of primes and their connection to an area of mathematics called modular arithmetic.

===Geometric meaning of primes===
[[Image:Geometric_meaning_of_prime1.jpg|thumb|right|The first three figures on top show the different ways to assemble 12 square floor tiles into a rectangle. The bottom three shows that seven cannot be fully divided by two, the image on the left, or three, the image on the right.]]
Given 12 pieces of square floor tiles, can we assemble them into a rectangular shape in more than one way? Of course we can, this is due to the fact that

:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
12 &amp;=&amp; 12 \times 1 \\
   &amp;=&amp; 6 \times 2\\
   &amp;=&amp; 4 \times 3\\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;
We do not distinguish between 2&amp;times;6 and 6&amp;times;2 because they are essentially equivalent arrangements.

But what about the number 7? Can you arrange 7 square floor tiles into rectangular shapes in more than one way? The answer is no, because 7 is a prime number.

===Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic===
A '''theorem''' is a non-obvious mathematical fact. A theorem must be proven; a proposition that is generally believed to be true, but without a proof, is called a '''conjecture''' or a '''hypothesis'''.

With those definitions out of the way the [[w:Fundamental_theorem_of_arithmetic|fundamental theorem of arithmetic]] simply states that:
::''Any natural number (except for 1) can be expressed as the product of primes in one and only one way.''

For example
:&lt;math&gt;12 = 2 \times 2 \times 3  \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
Rearranging the multiplication order is not considered a different representation of the number, so there is no other way of expressing 12 as the product of primes.

A few more examples
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
99 &amp;=&amp; 3 &amp;\times &amp;3 &amp;\times &amp;11 \\
52 &amp;=&amp; 2 &amp;\times &amp;2 &amp;\times &amp;13 \\
17 &amp;=&amp; 17 &amp;
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

It can be easily seen that a composite number has more than one prime factor (counting recurring prime factors multiple times).

'''Why?'''

Bearing in mind the definition of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, why isn't the number 1 considered a prime?

==Factorization==
We know from the fundamental theorem of arithmetic that any integer can be expressed as the product of primes. The million dollar question is: given a number ''x'', is there an ''easy'' way to find all prime factors of ''x''?

If ''x'' is a small number then it is easy. For example 90 = 2 &amp;times; 3 &amp;times; 3 &amp;times; 5. But what if ''x'' is large? For example ''x = 4539''? Most people can't factorize 4539 into primes in their heads. But can a computer do it? Yes, the computer can factorize 4539 fairly quickly. We have 4539 = 3 &amp;times; 17 &amp;times; 89.

Since computers are very good at doing arithmetic, we can work out all the factors of ''x'' by simply instructing the computer to divide ''x'' by 2 then 3 then 5 then 7 ... and so on. 

So there is an ''easy'' way to factorize a number into prime factors. Just apply the method described above. However, that method is too slow for large numbers: trying to factorize a number with thousands of digits would take more time than the current age of the universe. But is there a ''fast'' way? Or more precisely, is there an ''efficient'' way? There may be, but no one has found one yet. Some of the most widely used encryption schemes today (such as RSA) make use of the fact that we can't factorize large numbers into prime factors quickly. If such a method is found, a lot of internet transactions will be rendered unsafe.

Consider the following three examples of the dividing method in action.

'''Example 1'''
:&lt;math&gt;x = 21&lt;/math&gt;

:&lt;math&gt;\frac{x}{2} = 10.5&lt;/math&gt; not a whole number, so 2 is not a factor of 21

:&lt;math&gt;\frac{x}{3} = 7&lt;/math&gt; hence 3 and 7 are the factors of 21.

'''Example 2'''

: &lt;math&gt;x=153&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{x}{2} =76.5&lt;/math&gt; hence 2 is not a factor of 153

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{x}{3} =51&lt;/math&gt; hence 3 and 51 are factors of 153

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{51}{3} =17&lt;/math&gt; hence 3 and 17 are factors of 153

It is clear that 3, 9, 17 and 51 are the factors of 153. The prime factors of 153 are 3, 3 and 17 (3&amp;times;3&amp;times;17 = 153)

'''Example 3'''

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{2057}{2}=1028.5&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;\cdots&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{2057}{11}=187&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{187}{11}=17&lt;/math&gt;

:hence 11, 11 and 17 are the prime factors of 2057.

===Exercise===
&lt;quiz display=simple points=&quot;1/1&quot;&gt;
{Factorise the given numbers below}

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
13={ 13|prime (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
26={ 2*13|13*2|2 * 13|13 * 2|2×13|13×2|2 × 13|13 × 2|2X13 (i)|13X2 (i)|2 X 13 (i)|13 X 2 (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
59={ 59|prime (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
82={ 2*41|41*2|2 * 41|41 * 2|2×41|41×2|2 × 41|41 × 2|2X41 (i)|41X2 (i)|2 X 41 (i)|41 X 2 (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
101={ 101|prime (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
121={ 11^2|11*11|11 * 11|11×11|11 × 11|11X11 (i)|11 X 11 (i) _25 }

{Give up if it takes too long. There is a quick way.
|type=&quot;{}&quot; coef=&quot;2&quot;}
2187={ 3^7|3*3*3*3*3*3*3|3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3|3×3×3×3×3×3×3|3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3|3X3X3X3X3X3X3 (i)|3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 (i) _25 }
&lt;/quiz&gt;

===Fun Fact — Is this prime? ===
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted purple;&quot;&gt;
Interestingly, there is an efficient way of determining ''whether'' a number is prime with 100% accuracy with the help of a computer.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==2, 5 and 3==
The primes 2, 5, and 3 hold a special place in factorization. Firstly, all even numbers have 2 as one of their prime factors. Secondly, all numbers whose last digit is 0 or 5 can be divided wholly by 5.

The third case, where 3 is a prime factor, is the focus of this section. The underlying question is: is there a simple way to decide whether a number has 3 as one of its prime factors?

==Theorem — Divisibility by 3==
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted purple;&quot;&gt;
''A number is divisible by 3 if and only if the '''sum of its digits''' is divisible by 3''
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

For example, 272 is not divisible by 3, because 2 + 7 + 2 = 11, which is not divisible by 3.

945 is divisible by 3, because 9 + 4 + 5 = 18. And 18 is divisible by 3. In fact 945 / 3 = 315

Is 123456789 divisible by 3?

:1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 = (1 + 9) &amp;times; 9 / 2 = 45

:4 + 5 = 9

Nine is divisible by 3, therefore 45 is divisible by 3, therefore 123456789 is divisible by 3!

The beauty of the theorem lies in its recursive nature. A number is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. How do we know whether the sum of its digits is divisible by 3? Apply the theorem again!

===info — Recursion===
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted purple;&quot;&gt;
A [[w:L._Peter_Deutsch|prominent computer scientist]] once said &quot;To iterate is human, to recurse, divine.&quot; But what does it mean ''to recurse''? Before that, what is ''to iterate''?&lt;br&gt;
&quot;To iterate&quot; simply means doing the same thing over and over again, and computers are very good at that. An example of iteration in mathematics is the exponential operation, e.g. x&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt; means doing x times x times x times x...n times. That is an example of iteration.&lt;br&gt;

''Thinking'' about iteration ''economically'' (in terms of mental resources), by defining a problem in terms of itself, is &quot;to recurse&quot;. To recursively represent x&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;, we write:
:&lt;math&gt;
x^n = 1
&lt;/math&gt; if ''n'' equals 0.

:&lt;math&gt;
x^n = x\times x^{n-1}
&lt;/math&gt;  if ''n'' &gt; 0
What is 9&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;? It is 9 times 9 &lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;. But, 9&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; is 9 times 9&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;. Repeating this way is an example of recursion. 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===Exercises===
&lt;quiz display=simple points=&quot;1/1&quot;&gt;
{For questions 1-3, factorize:}

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
45={ 3^2*5|5*3^2|3^2 * 5|5 * 3^2|3^2×5|5×3^2|3^2 × 5|5 × 3^2|3^2X5 (i)|5X3^2 (i)|3^2 X 5 (i)|5 X 3^2 (i)|3*3*5|5*3*3|3 * 3 * 5|5 * 3 * 3|3×3×5|5×3×3|3 × 3 × 5|5 × 3 × 3|3X3X5 (i)|5X3X3 (i)|3 X 3 X 5 (i)|5 X 3 X 3 (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
4050={ 2*3^4*5^2|5^2*3^4*2|2 * 3^4 * 5^2|5^2 * 3^4 * 2|2×3^4×5^2|5^2×3^4×2|2 × 3^4 × 5^2|5^2 × 3^4 × 2|2X3^4X5^2 (i)|5^2X3^4X2 (i)|2 X 3^4 X 5^2 (i)|5^2 X 3^4 X 2 (i)|2*3*3*3*3*5*5|5*5*3*3*3*3*2|2 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 5 * 5|5 * 5 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 2|2×3×3×3×3×5×5|5×5×3×3×3×3×2|2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5|5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 2|2X3X3X3X3X5X5 (i)|5X5X3X3X3X3X2 (i)|2 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 5 X 5 (i)|5 X 5 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 2 (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
2187={ 3^7|3*3*3*3*3*3*3|3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3|3×3×3×3×3×3×3|3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3|3X3X3X3X3X3X3 (i)|3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 (i) _25 }

{Show that the divisible-by-3 theorem works for any 3 digit number.
|type=&quot;{}&quot; coef=&quot;3&quot;}
(do it on paper)
||Hint: Express a 3 digit number as 100a + 10b + c, where 0 &amp;le; a, b and c &amp;le; 9&lt;br&gt;[[High School Mathematics Extensions/Primes/Solutions|Solution]]

{A number is divisible by 9 if and only if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+True
-False

{Determine whether the numbers for questions 6-9 are divisible by 9.}

{89
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
-Yes
+No

{558
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+Yes
-No

{51858
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+Yes
-No

{41857
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
-Yes
+No
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Finding primes==
The prime sieve is a relatively efficient method for finding all primes less than or equal to a specified number. To find all primes less than or equal to 50, we do the following:

First, we write out the numbers 1 to 50 in a table as below
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
 1 &amp;  2 &amp;  3 &amp;  4 &amp;  5 &amp;  6 &amp;  7 &amp;  8 &amp;  9 &amp; 10 \\
11 &amp; 12 &amp; 13 &amp; 14 &amp; 15 &amp; 16 &amp; 17 &amp; 18 &amp; 19 &amp; 20 \\
21 &amp; 22 &amp; 23 &amp; 24 &amp; 25 &amp; 26 &amp; 27 &amp; 28 &amp; 29 &amp; 30 \\
31 &amp; 32 &amp; 33 &amp; 34 &amp; 35 &amp; 36 &amp; 37 &amp; 38 &amp; 39 &amp; 40 \\
41 &amp; 42 &amp; 43 &amp; 44 &amp; 45 &amp; 46 &amp; 47 &amp; 48 &amp; 49 &amp; 50 \\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

Cross out 1, because it's not a prime.
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
 X &amp;  2 &amp;  3 &amp;  4 &amp;  5 &amp;  6 &amp;  7 &amp;  8 &amp;  9 &amp; 10 \\
11 &amp; 12 &amp; 13 &amp; 14 &amp; 15 &amp; 16 &amp; 17 &amp; 18 &amp; 19 &amp; 20 \\
21 &amp; 22 &amp; 23 &amp; 24 &amp; 25 &amp; 26 &amp; 27 &amp; 28 &amp; 29 &amp; 30 \\
31 &amp; 32 &amp; 33 &amp; 34 &amp; 35 &amp; 36 &amp; 37 &amp; 38 &amp; 39 &amp; 40 \\
41 &amp; 42 &amp; 43 &amp; 44 &amp; 45 &amp; 46 &amp; 47 &amp; 48 &amp; 49 &amp; 50 \\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

Now 2 is the smallest number not crossed out in the table. We mark 2 as a prime and cross out all multiples of 2 i.e. 4, 6, 8, 10 ...
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
 X &amp; 2_p &amp;  3 &amp; X &amp;  5 &amp; X &amp;  7 &amp; X &amp;  9 &amp; X \\
11 &amp;   X &amp; 13 &amp; X &amp; 15 &amp; X &amp; 17 &amp; X &amp; 19 &amp; X \\
21 &amp;   X &amp; 23 &amp; X &amp; 25 &amp; X &amp; 27 &amp; X &amp; 29 &amp; X \\
31 &amp;   X &amp; 33 &amp; X &amp; 35 &amp; X &amp; 37 &amp; X &amp; 39 &amp; X \\
41 &amp;   X &amp; 43 &amp; X &amp; 45 &amp; X &amp; 47 &amp; X &amp; 49 &amp; X \\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

Now 3 is the smallest number not marked in anyway. We mark 3 as a prime and cross out all multiples of 3 i.e. 6, 9, 12, 15 ...
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
 X &amp; 2_p &amp; 3_p &amp; X &amp;  5 &amp; X &amp;  7 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X \\
11 &amp;   X &amp;  13 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X &amp; 17 &amp; X &amp; 19 &amp; X \\
 X &amp;   X &amp;  23 &amp; X &amp; 25 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X &amp; 29 &amp; X \\
31 &amp;   X &amp;   X &amp; X &amp; 35 &amp; X &amp; 37 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X \\
41 &amp;   X &amp;  43 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X &amp; 47 &amp; X &amp; 49 &amp; X \\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

Continue this way to find all the primes. When do you know you have found all the primes under 50?
Note that this algorithm is called ''Sieve of Eratosthenes''
===Exercise===
:# &lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;
\begin{matrix}
X &amp; 2 &amp; 3 &amp; X &amp; 5 &amp;X &amp;7&amp; X&amp; X&amp; X \\
11 &amp; X &amp; 13 &amp; X&amp; X&amp; X&amp;17 &amp;X&amp; 19&amp; X\\
X&amp; X&amp; 23 &amp; X&amp; X &amp;X&amp;X&amp;X&amp;29&amp; X\\
31 &amp;X&amp; X&amp; X&amp; X &amp;X&amp;37&amp; X&amp; X&amp; X\\
41 &amp; X&amp; 43 &amp; X&amp; X&amp;X&amp;47&amp; X&amp; X&amp; X\\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;The prime sieve has been applied to the table above. Notice that every number situated directly below 2 and 5 are crossed out. Construct a rectangular grid of numbers running from 1 to 60 so that after the prime sieve has been performed on it, all numbers situated directly below 2 and 5 are crossed out. What is the width of the grid?
:# Find all primes below 200.2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,27,29,31,37,41,43,47,49,51,53,57,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,91,97,101,103,107,109,111,113,119,127,137,139,141,143,149,151,157,161,163,167,169,173,179,181,187,191,193,197.

:# Find the numbers which are divisible by 3 below 200. Did you change the width of your grid?6,9,12,15,18,21,

==Infinitely many primes==
To answer the question ''what is the largest prime number? '' let us first answer ''what is the largest natural number?'' If somebody tells you that &lt;math&gt;10^{10}&lt;/math&gt; is the largest natural number, you can immediately prove them wrong by telling them that &lt;math&gt;10^{10} + 1&lt;/math&gt; is a larger natural number. You can substitute &lt;math&gt;10^{10}&lt;/math&gt; with any number other natural number &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; and your argument will still work. This means that there is no such thing as the ''largest natural number''. (Some of you might be tempted to say that ''infinity'' is the largest natural number. However, infinity is not a natural number but just a mathematical concept.)

The ancient Greek mathematician [[w:Euclid|Euclid]], had the following proof of the infinitude of primes.

===Proof of infinitude of primes===
Let us first assume that 
:''there are a finite number of primes''
therefore
:''there must be one prime that is greater than all others,''
let this prime be referred to as ''n''. We now proceed to show the two assumptions made above will lead to a contradiction, and thus there are infinitely many primes.

Take the product of all prime numbers to yield a number ''x''. Thus:&lt;br/&gt;
:&lt;math&gt;x = 2 \times 3 \times 5 \times \ldots \times n \!&lt;/math&gt;

Then, let ''y'' equal one more than ''x'':&lt;br/&gt;
:&lt;math&gt;y = x + 1 \!&lt;/math&gt;

One may now conclude that ''y'' is not divisible by any of the primes up to ''n'', since ''y'' differs from a multiple of each such prime by exactly 1. Since ''y'' is not divisible by any prime number, ''y'' must either be prime, or its prime factors must all be greater than ''n'', a contradiction of the original assumption that ''n'' is the largest prime! Therefore, one must declare the original assumption incorrect, and that there exists an infinite number of primes.

''' Fun Fact — Largest known prime '''
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted purple;&quot;&gt;
The [[w:largest known prime|largest known prime]] is 2&lt;sup&gt;43,112,609&lt;/sup&gt;-1. It has a whopping 12,978,189 digits! Primes of the form 2&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;-1 are called [[w:Mersenne primes|Mersenne primes]] named after the French monk/amateur mathematician.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Useful Off-site Resources ==
* [http://primes.utm.edu: &quot;The Prime Pages.  Prime Number Research, Records, and Resources&quot;]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>et5526cphk712aepb5ccxf50ui6q3pz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088411</id>
      <parentid>4088297</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:43:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xania</username>
        <id>40302</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/105.112.213.144|105.112.213.144]] ([[User talk:105.112.213.144|talk]]) to last version by 95.49.212.195</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15094" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction ==
A prime number (or prime for short) is a [[w:Natural_number|natural number]] that has exactly two divisors: itself and the number 1.  Since 1 has only one divisor — itself — we do not consider it to be a prime number but a unit. So, 2 is the first prime, 3 is the next prime, but 4 is not a prime because 4 divided by 2 equals 2 without a remainder. We've proved 4 has three divisors: 1, 2, and 4. Numbers with more than two divisors are called '''composite numbers'''.

The first 20 primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, and 71.

Primes are an endless source of fascination for mathematicians. Some of the problems concerning primes are so difficult that even decades of work by some of the most brilliant mathematicians have failed to solve them. One such problem is [[w:Goldbach's conjecture|Goldbach's conjecture]], which proposes that all even numbers greater than 3 can be expressed as the sum of two primes. No one has been able to prove it true or false.

This chapter will introduce some of the elementary properties of primes and their connection to an area of mathematics called modular arithmetic.

===Geometric meaning of primes===
[[Image:Geometric_meaning_of_prime1.jpg|thumb|right|The first three figures on top show the different ways to assemble 12 square floor tiles into a rectangle. The bottom three shows that seven cannot be fully divided by two, the image on the left, or three, the image on the right.]]
Given 12 pieces of square floor tiles, can we assemble them into a rectangular shape in more than one way? Of course we can, this is due to the fact that

:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
12 &amp;=&amp; 12 \times 1 \\
   &amp;=&amp; 6 \times 2\\
   &amp;=&amp; 4 \times 3\\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;
We do not distinguish between 2&amp;times;6 and 6&amp;times;2 because they are essentially equivalent arrangements.

But what about the number 7? Can you arrange 7 square floor tiles into rectangular shapes in more than one way? The answer is no, because 7 is a prime number.

===Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic===
A '''theorem''' is a non-obvious mathematical fact. A theorem must be proven; a proposition that is generally believed to be true, but without a proof, is called a '''conjecture''' or a '''hypothesis'''.

With those definitions out of the way the [[w:Fundamental_theorem_of_arithmetic|fundamental theorem of arithmetic]] simply states that:
::''Any natural number (except for 1) can be expressed as the product of primes in one and only one way.''

For example
:&lt;math&gt;12 = 2 \times 2 \times 3  \,\!&lt;/math&gt;
Rearranging the multiplication order is not considered a different representation of the number, so there is no other way of expressing 12 as the product of primes.

A few more examples
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
99 &amp;=&amp; 3 &amp;\times &amp;3 &amp;\times &amp;11 \\
52 &amp;=&amp; 2 &amp;\times &amp;2 &amp;\times &amp;13 \\
17 &amp;=&amp; 17 &amp;
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

It can be easily seen that a composite number has more than one prime factor (counting recurring prime factors multiple times).

'''Why?'''

Bearing in mind the definition of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, why isn't the number 1 considered a prime?

==Factorization==
We know from the fundamental theorem of arithmetic that any integer can be expressed as the product of primes. The million dollar question is: given a number ''x'', is there an ''easy'' way to find all prime factors of ''x''?

If ''x'' is a small number then it is easy. For example 90 = 2 &amp;times; 3 &amp;times; 3 &amp;times; 5. But what if ''x'' is large? For example ''x = 4539''? Most people can't factorize 4539 into primes in their heads. But can a computer do it? Yes, the computer can factorize 4539 fairly quickly. We have 4539 = 3 &amp;times; 17 &amp;times; 89.

Since computers are very good at doing arithmetic, we can work out all the factors of ''x'' by simply instructing the computer to divide ''x'' by 2 then 3 then 5 then 7 ... and so on. 

So there is an ''easy'' way to factorize a number into prime factors. Just apply the method described above. However, that method is too slow for large numbers: trying to factorize a number with thousands of digits would take more time than the current age of the universe. But is there a ''fast'' way? Or more precisely, is there an ''efficient'' way? There may be, but no one has found one yet. Some of the most widely used encryption schemes today (such as RSA) make use of the fact that we can't factorize large numbers into prime factors quickly. If such a method is found, a lot of internet transactions will be rendered unsafe.

Consider the following three examples of the dividing method in action.

'''Example 1'''
:&lt;math&gt;x = 21&lt;/math&gt;

:&lt;math&gt;\frac{x}{2} = 10.5&lt;/math&gt; not a whole number, so 2 is not a factor of 21

:&lt;math&gt;\frac{x}{3} = 7&lt;/math&gt; hence 3 and 7 are the factors of 21.

'''Example 2'''

: &lt;math&gt;x=153&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{x}{2} =76.5&lt;/math&gt; hence 2 is not a factor of 153

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{x}{3} =51&lt;/math&gt; hence 3 and 51 are factors of 153

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{51}{3} =17&lt;/math&gt; hence 3 and 17 are factors of 153

It is clear that 3, 9, 17 and 51 are the factors of 153. The prime factors of 153 are 3, 3 and 17 (3&amp;times;3&amp;times;17 = 153)

'''Example 3'''

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{2057}{2}=1028.5&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;\cdots&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{2057}{11}=187&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{187}{11}=17&lt;/math&gt;

:hence 11, 11 and 17 are the prime factors of 2057.

===Exercise===
&lt;quiz display=simple points=&quot;1/1&quot;&gt;
{Factorise the given numbers below}

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
13={ 13|prime (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
26={ 2*13|13*2|2 * 13|13 * 2|2×13|13×2|2 × 13|13 × 2|2X13 (i)|13X2 (i)|2 X 13 (i)|13 X 2 (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
59={ 59|prime (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
82={ 2*41|41*2|2 * 41|41 * 2|2×41|41×2|2 × 41|41 × 2|2X41 (i)|41X2 (i)|2 X 41 (i)|41 X 2 (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
101={ 101|prime (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
121={ 11^2|11*11|11 * 11|11×11|11 × 11|11X11 (i)|11 X 11 (i) _25 }

{Give up if it takes too long. There is a quick way.
|type=&quot;{}&quot; coef=&quot;2&quot;}
2187={ 3^7|3*3*3*3*3*3*3|3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3|3×3×3×3×3×3×3|3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3|3X3X3X3X3X3X3 (i)|3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 (i) _25 }
&lt;/quiz&gt;

===Fun Fact — Is this prime? ===
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted purple;&quot;&gt;
Interestingly, there is an efficient way of determining ''whether'' a number is prime with 100% accuracy with the help of a computer.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==2, 5 and 3==
The primes 2, 5, and 3 hold a special place in factorization. Firstly, all even numbers have 2 as one of their prime factors. Secondly, all numbers whose last digit is 0 or 5 can be divided wholly by 5.

The third case, where 3 is a prime factor, is the focus of this section. The underlying question is: is there a simple way to decide whether a number has 3 as one of its prime factors?

==Theorem — Divisibility by 3==
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted purple;&quot;&gt;
''A number is divisible by 3 if and only if the '''sum of its digits''' is divisible by 3''
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

For example, 272 is not divisible by 3, because 2 + 7 + 2 = 11, which is not divisible by 3.

945 is divisible by 3, because 9 + 4 + 5 = 18. And 18 is divisible by 3. In fact 945 / 3 = 315

Is 123456789 divisible by 3?

:1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 = (1 + 9) &amp;times; 9 / 2 = 45

:4 + 5 = 9

Nine is divisible by 3, therefore 45 is divisible by 3, therefore 123456789 is divisible by 3!

The beauty of the theorem lies in its recursive nature. A number is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. How do we know whether the sum of its digits is divisible by 3? Apply the theorem again!

===info — Recursion===
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted purple;&quot;&gt;
A [[w:L._Peter_Deutsch|prominent computer scientist]] once said &quot;To iterate is human, to recurse, divine.&quot; But what does it mean ''to recurse''? Before that, what is ''to iterate''?&lt;br&gt;
&quot;To iterate&quot; simply means doing the same thing over and over again, and computers are very good at that. An example of iteration in mathematics is the exponential operation, e.g. x&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt; means doing x times x times x times x...n times. That is an example of iteration.&lt;br&gt;

''Thinking'' about iteration ''economically'' (in terms of mental resources), by defining a problem in terms of itself, is &quot;to recurse&quot;. To recursively represent x&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;, we write:
:&lt;math&gt;
x^n = 1
&lt;/math&gt; if ''n'' equals 0.

:&lt;math&gt;
x^n = x\times x^{n-1}
&lt;/math&gt;  if ''n'' &gt; 0
What is 9&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;? It is 9 times 9 &lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;. But, 9&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; is 9 times 9&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;. Repeating this way is an example of recursion. 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===Exercises===
&lt;quiz display=simple points=&quot;1/1&quot;&gt;
{For questions 1-3, factorize:}

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
45={ 3^2*5|5*3^2|3^2 * 5|5 * 3^2|3^2×5|5×3^2|3^2 × 5|5 × 3^2|3^2X5 (i)|5X3^2 (i)|3^2 X 5 (i)|5 X 3^2 (i)|3*3*5|5*3*3|3 * 3 * 5|5 * 3 * 3|3×3×5|5×3×3|3 × 3 × 5|5 × 3 × 3|3X3X5 (i)|5X3X3 (i)|3 X 3 X 5 (i)|5 X 3 X 3 (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
4050={ 2*3^4*5^2|5^2*3^4*2|2 * 3^4 * 5^2|5^2 * 3^4 * 2|2×3^4×5^2|5^2×3^4×2|2 × 3^4 × 5^2|5^2 × 3^4 × 2|2X3^4X5^2 (i)|5^2X3^4X2 (i)|2 X 3^4 X 5^2 (i)|5^2 X 3^4 X 2 (i)|2*3*3*3*3*5*5|5*5*3*3*3*3*2|2 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 5 * 5|5 * 5 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 2|2×3×3×3×3×5×5|5×5×3×3×3×3×2|2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5|5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 2|2X3X3X3X3X5X5 (i)|5X5X3X3X3X3X2 (i)|2 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 5 X 5 (i)|5 X 5 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 2 (i) _25 }

{
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
2187={ 3^7|3*3*3*3*3*3*3|3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3|3×3×3×3×3×3×3|3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3|3X3X3X3X3X3X3 (i)|3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 (i) _25 }

{Show that the divisible-by-3 theorem works for any 3 digit number.
|type=&quot;{}&quot; coef=&quot;3&quot;}
(do it on paper)
||Hint: Express a 3 digit number as 100a + 10b + c, where 0 &amp;le; a, b and c &amp;le; 9&lt;br&gt;[[High School Mathematics Extensions/Primes/Solutions|Solution]]

{A number is divisible by 9 if and only if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+True
-False

{Determine whether the numbers for questions 6-9 are divisible by 9.}

{89
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
-Yes
+No

{558
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+Yes
-No

{51858
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+Yes
-No

{41857
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
-Yes
+No
&lt;/quiz&gt;

==Finding primes==
The prime sieve is a relatively efficient method for finding all primes less than or equal to a specified number. To find all primes less than or equal to 50, we do the following:

First, we write out the numbers 1 to 50 in a table as below
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
 1 &amp;  2 &amp;  3 &amp;  4 &amp;  5 &amp;  6 &amp;  7 &amp;  8 &amp;  9 &amp; 10 \\
11 &amp; 12 &amp; 13 &amp; 14 &amp; 15 &amp; 16 &amp; 17 &amp; 18 &amp; 19 &amp; 20 \\
21 &amp; 22 &amp; 23 &amp; 24 &amp; 25 &amp; 26 &amp; 27 &amp; 28 &amp; 29 &amp; 30 \\
31 &amp; 32 &amp; 33 &amp; 34 &amp; 35 &amp; 36 &amp; 37 &amp; 38 &amp; 39 &amp; 40 \\
41 &amp; 42 &amp; 43 &amp; 44 &amp; 45 &amp; 46 &amp; 47 &amp; 48 &amp; 49 &amp; 50 \\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

Cross out 1, because it's not a prime.
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
 X &amp;  2 &amp;  3 &amp;  4 &amp;  5 &amp;  6 &amp;  7 &amp;  8 &amp;  9 &amp; 10 \\
11 &amp; 12 &amp; 13 &amp; 14 &amp; 15 &amp; 16 &amp; 17 &amp; 18 &amp; 19 &amp; 20 \\
21 &amp; 22 &amp; 23 &amp; 24 &amp; 25 &amp; 26 &amp; 27 &amp; 28 &amp; 29 &amp; 30 \\
31 &amp; 32 &amp; 33 &amp; 34 &amp; 35 &amp; 36 &amp; 37 &amp; 38 &amp; 39 &amp; 40 \\
41 &amp; 42 &amp; 43 &amp; 44 &amp; 45 &amp; 46 &amp; 47 &amp; 48 &amp; 49 &amp; 50 \\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

Now 2 is the smallest number not crossed out in the table. We mark 2 as a prime and cross out all multiples of 2 i.e. 4, 6, 8, 10 ...
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
 X &amp; 2_p &amp;  3 &amp; X &amp;  5 &amp; X &amp;  7 &amp; X &amp;  9 &amp; X \\
11 &amp;   X &amp; 13 &amp; X &amp; 15 &amp; X &amp; 17 &amp; X &amp; 19 &amp; X \\
21 &amp;   X &amp; 23 &amp; X &amp; 25 &amp; X &amp; 27 &amp; X &amp; 29 &amp; X \\
31 &amp;   X &amp; 33 &amp; X &amp; 35 &amp; X &amp; 37 &amp; X &amp; 39 &amp; X \\
41 &amp;   X &amp; 43 &amp; X &amp; 45 &amp; X &amp; 47 &amp; X &amp; 49 &amp; X \\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

Now 3 is the smallest number not marked in anyway. We mark 3 as a prime and cross out all multiples of 3 i.e. 6, 9, 12, 15 ...
:&lt;math&gt;
\begin{matrix}
 X &amp; 2_p &amp; 3_p &amp; X &amp;  5 &amp; X &amp;  7 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X \\
11 &amp;   X &amp;  13 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X &amp; 17 &amp; X &amp; 19 &amp; X \\
 X &amp;   X &amp;  23 &amp; X &amp; 25 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X &amp; 29 &amp; X \\
31 &amp;   X &amp;   X &amp; X &amp; 35 &amp; X &amp; 37 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X \\
41 &amp;   X &amp;  43 &amp; X &amp;  X &amp; X &amp; 47 &amp; X &amp; 49 &amp; X \\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;

Continue this way to find all the primes. When do you know you have found all the primes under 50?
Note that this algorithm is called ''Sieve of Eratosthenes''
===Exercise===
:# &lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;
\begin{matrix}
X &amp; 2 &amp; 3 &amp; X &amp; 5 &amp;X &amp;7&amp; X&amp; X&amp; X \\
11 &amp; X &amp; 13 &amp; X&amp; X&amp; X&amp;17 &amp;X&amp; 19&amp; X\\
X&amp; X&amp; 23 &amp; X&amp; X &amp;X&amp;X&amp;X&amp;29&amp; X\\
31 &amp;X&amp; X&amp; X&amp; X &amp;X&amp;37&amp; X&amp; X&amp; X\\
41 &amp; X&amp; 43 &amp; X&amp; X&amp;X&amp;47&amp; X&amp; X&amp; X\\
\end{matrix}
&lt;/math&gt;The prime sieve has been applied to the table above. Notice that every number situated directly below 2 and 5 are crossed out. Construct a rectangular grid of numbers running from 1 to 60 so that after the prime sieve has been performed on it, all numbers situated directly below 2 and 5 are crossed out. What is the width of the grid?
:# Find all primes below 200.
:# Find the numbers which are divisible by 3 below 200. Did you change the width of your grid?
==Infinitely many primes==
To answer the question ''what is the largest prime number? '' let us first answer ''what is the largest natural number?'' If somebody tells you that &lt;math&gt;10^{10}&lt;/math&gt; is the largest natural number, you can immediately prove them wrong by telling them that &lt;math&gt;10^{10} + 1&lt;/math&gt; is a larger natural number. You can substitute &lt;math&gt;10^{10}&lt;/math&gt; with any number other natural number &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; and your argument will still work. This means that there is no such thing as the ''largest natural number''. (Some of you might be tempted to say that ''infinity'' is the largest natural number. However, infinity is not a natural number but just a mathematical concept.)

The ancient Greek mathematician [[w:Euclid|Euclid]], had the following proof of the infinitude of primes.

===Proof of infinitude of primes===
Let us first assume that 
:''there are a finite number of primes''
therefore
:''there must be one prime that is greater than all others,''
let this prime be referred to as ''n''. We now proceed to show the two assumptions made above will lead to a contradiction, and thus there are infinitely many primes.

Take the product of all prime numbers to yield a number ''x''. Thus:&lt;br/&gt;
:&lt;math&gt;x = 2 \times 3 \times 5 \times \ldots \times n \!&lt;/math&gt;

Then, let ''y'' equal one more than ''x'':&lt;br/&gt;
:&lt;math&gt;y = x + 1 \!&lt;/math&gt;

One may now conclude that ''y'' is not divisible by any of the primes up to ''n'', since ''y'' differs from a multiple of each such prime by exactly 1. Since ''y'' is not divisible by any prime number, ''y'' must either be prime, or its prime factors must all be greater than ''n'', a contradiction of the original assumption that ''n'' is the largest prime! Therefore, one must declare the original assumption incorrect, and that there exists an infinite number of primes.

''' Fun Fact — Largest known prime '''
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted purple;&quot;&gt;
The [[w:largest known prime|largest known prime]] is 2&lt;sup&gt;43,112,609&lt;/sup&gt;-1. It has a whopping 12,978,189 digits! Primes of the form 2&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;-1 are called [[w:Mersenne primes|Mersenne primes]] named after the French monk/amateur mathematician.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Useful Off-site Resources ==
* [http://primes.utm.edu: &quot;The Prime Pages.  Prime Number Research, Records, and Resources&quot;]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3dfwt87tfrcr1he26sn5iefamle0umc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afrikaans/Lesson 03</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>101722</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088352</id>
      <parentid>4087689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:24:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdjacentTriangle</username>
        <id>3235660</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* I Need... */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20770" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;color: #f39; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Lesson Three: The Basics #3 — Les Drie: Die Grondbeginsels #3&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome to Afrikaans Lesson Three. Dialogues will be skipped again this lesson to save such for when we have enough grammatical concepts covered.
This lesson will continue plural forms and cover the infinitive modifier, determiners and practical description.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Plurals: &quot;-g&quot;, Suffixes Cont., and Unpredictable Plurals&lt;/span&gt; ==
Continuing from the last lesson, we will provide the rest of the necessary rules and from then on out, there will be very few words you will be unable to pluralize. For a more in-depth list of irregulars, you can [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Irregular Plurals|go here]].

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 1: Words Ending in &quot;-g&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
There are multiple vowel combinations with the letter &quot;'''''-g'''''&quot;, each with their own standard rule:
*'''-ag''' changes to '''-ae'''. If it is a double &quot;a&quot;, one of them falls away.
**'''vlag''' ('flag') → ''vl'''ae'''''
**'''dag''' ('day') → ''d'''ae'''''
**'''plaag''' ('plague') → ''pl'''ae'''''
*'''-ig''' adds to the suffix a '''-te'''.
**'''lig''' ('light')  → ''lig'''te'''
**'''geˈdig''' ('poem')  → ''gedig'''te'''
**'''geˈsig''' ('face')  → ''gesig'''te'''
*'''-og''' changes to a '''-oë'''. If it is a double &quot;o&quot;, one of them falls away.
**'''oog''' ('eye')  → ''o'''ë'''
**'''boog''' ('bow')  → ''b'''oë'''
**'''ˈoorlog''' ('war') → ''oor'''loë'''
**'''bioˈloog''' ('biologist') → ''biol'''oë'''
*'''-oeg''' and '''-ieg''' change to '''-oeë''' and '''-ieë'''.
**'''ploeg''' ('plough')  → ''pl'''oeë'''
**'''kroeg''' ('pub'; 'bar')  → ''kr'''oeë'''
**'''wieg''' ('cradle')  → ''w'''ieë'''
*'''-uig''' changes to a '''-uie'''.
**'''tuig''' ('harness') → ''tui'''e'''
**'''ˈvliegtuig''' ('aeroplane') → ''vliegtui'''e'''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 2: Words Ending in Doubled Consonants&lt;/span&gt; ===
*For words that end in double consonants ('''eg.''' ''-ng, -nd, -rk, -rd''), these pluralize with an '''''-e'''''.
**'''hand''' ('hand') → ''ˈhand'''e'''''
**'''ring''' ('ring') → ''ˈring'''e'''''
**'''vlerk''' ('wing') → ''ˈvlerk'''e'''''
**'''wolk''' ('cloud') → ''wolk'''e'''''
**'''swaard''' ('sword') → ''swaard'''e'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 3: Polysyllabic Words&lt;/span&gt; ===
*Polysyllabic words that don't have their stress on the final syllable ''usually'' pluralize with an '''-s''' (as usual, there are exceptions). This explains why words you had seen last lesson ('ˈvader', 'ˈmoeder', 'ˈdogter'), had '''-s''' as their plural. This also includes words that end in '''''-ing''''' pluralize with an '''''-s'''''.
**'''ˈwortel''' ('carrot, root') → ''ˈwortel'''s'''''
**'''ˈvenster''' ('window') → ''ˈvenster'''s'''''
**'''ˈkoning''' ('king') → ''ˈkoning'''s'''''
**'''ˈhoring''' ('horn') → ''ˈhoring'''s'''''
*Contrast this with words who's stress does fall on the final syllable.
**'''riˈvier''' ('river') → ''rivier'''e'''''
**'''ingeˈwand''' ('gut, intestine') → ''ingewand'''e'''''
**'''kampiˈoen''' ('champion') → ''kampiˈoen'''e'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 4: Suffixes 2&lt;/span&gt; ===
*The suffix '''''-ding''''' has the odd property of pluralizing as '''''-goed'''''.
**'''ˈspeelding''' ('toy') → ''ˈspeel'''goed'''''
**'''ˈeetding''' ('snack') → ''ˈeet'''goed'''''
**'''ˈslagding''' ('animal for slaughter') → ''ˈslag'''goed'''''
*The '''''-man''''' suffix can be quite unpredictable.
**On one hand, some words have the '''''-man''''' suffix disappear completely, and the root itself pluralizes.
***'''ˈbuurman''' ('neighbour') → ''ˈb'''u'''r'''e'''''
***'''ˈEngelsˌman''' ('Englishman') → ''ˈEngels'''e''''' ('English')
***'''ˈFransˌman''' ('Frenchman') → ''ˈFrans'''e''''' ('French')
**On the other hand, there are words (especially occupations) in which the suffix remains and pluralizes as a short vowel would (&quot;''-man''&quot; → &quot;''-man'''ne''''&quot;).
***'''ˈsakeˌman''' ('businessman') → ''ˈsake'''ˌmanne'''''
***'''ˈbrandweerˌman''' ('fireman') → ''ˈbrandweer'''manne'''''

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Plurals: Unpredictable Forms&lt;/span&gt; ==
These are specific forms that have no real pattern in the formation.
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Plurals as -te&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Though a lot of the time, the rules given so far work in many instances, there are many, many words that pluralize with '''-te'''. The unfortunate part is that one just has to capitulate and learn them by heart.
** '''nag''' ('night') → ''nag'''te''''' (not '''''nae''''')
** '''vrug''' ('fruit') → ''vrug'''te'''''
** '''bas''' ('tree bark') → ''bas'''te'''''
** '''lug''' ('sky') → ''lug'''te'''''
** '''bors''' ('chest'; 'breast') → ''bors'''te'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Words Ending in -d&lt;/span&gt; ===
* As mentioned before, words ending in '''-d''' can be very unpredictable and there is no general rule as to how they work. In such instances, it's best to learn each individual word's plural form. Below are the types of plural formations.
** There are words that retain the '''-d''' and add an '''-e''' (however, some words may leave out pronunciation of '''-d''' in informal speech).
*** '''ˈeiland''' ('island') → ''eilan'''de'''''
*** '''hond''' ('dog') → ''hon'''de'''''
*** '''aand''' ('evening') → ''aan'''de'''''
*** '''daad''' ('deed') → ''d'''a'''d'''e'''''
** There are words that lose the '''-d'''.
*** '''tyd''' ('time') → ''ty'''e'''''
*** '''kruid''' ('herb') → ''krui'''e'''''
** Words that change the vowels are all irregular in form.
*** '''stad''' ('city') → ''ˈst'''e'''d'''e'''''
*** '''god''' ('god') → ''ˈg'''o'''d'''e'''''
*** '''lid''' ('member') → ''ˈl'''e'''d'''e'''''
*** '''geˈbed''' ('prayer') → ''geˈb'''e'''d'''e'''''
*** '''blad''' ('page') → ''ˈbla'''aie'''''
*** '''pad''' ('road') → ''ˈpa'''aie'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Plurals as &quot;-ens&quot;, &quot;-ere&quot; and &quot;-ers&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
* There are really only a handful of nouns that end in '''''-ens''''', and so, listed below are the most common and non-informal of terms.
** '''bed''' ('bed') → ''ˈbed'''dens'''''
** '''bad''' ('bathtub') → ''ˈbad'''dens'''''
** '''geˈvoel''' ('feeling') → ''geˈvoel'''ens'''''
** '''nooi''' ('sweetheart') → ''ˈnooi'''ens'''''
** '''wa''' ('wagon') → ''ˈwa'''ens'''''
* There are only four words that end in '''''-ere'''''.
** '''goed''' ('goods') → ''ˈgoed'''ere'''''
** '''lied''' ('song') → ''ˈlied'''ere'''''
** '''geˈmoed''' ('state of mind and heart') → ''geˈmoed'''ere'''''
** '''volk''' ('nation, peoples') → ''ˈvolk'''ere''''' (but the more common plural is '''''ˈvolke''''')
* &quot;Kind&quot; is the '''ONLY''' word in the language that pluralizes with '''''-ers'''''.
** '''kind''' ('child') → ''ˈkind'''ers'''''

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Verbs: The Infinitive Modifier&lt;/span&gt; ==
One thing you should be aware of is that when an infinitive directly modifies a noun phrase, there is a certain structure one must use. The &quot;om te&quot; is split apart, and so, the structure used is {'''om''' ''[noun phrase]'' '''te''' ''[verb]''}.
* ''to'' '''run a mile'''. → '''om''' ''ŉ myl'' '''te''' ''ˈhardˌloop''.
* ''to'' '''drink water'''. → '''om''' ''ˈwater'' '''te''' ''drink''.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Determiners and Pronouns: Demonstratives&lt;/span&gt; ==
Demonstratives reference people or things based on location without directly referring to them. In basic terms, you will know them in English as 'this', 'these', 'that' and 'those'.
When they act as determiners (i.e. a noun directly follows the demonstrative), '''hierdie''' ('this/these') and '''daardie''' ('that/those') are used, both of which refer to the singular and plural, the key difference lying in the number of the noun. When pronouncing &quot;{{H:title|/ˈɦiɾi/|hierdie}}&quot; and &quot;{{H:title|/ˈdɑːɾi/|daardie}}&quot;, the '''d''' is silent.
* This dog. → Hierdie '''hond'''.
* These dogs. → Hierdie '''honde'''.
* That dog. → Daardie '''hond'''.
* Those dogs. → Daardie '''honde'''.
* '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This''' bicycle is mine.' → &quot;'''Hierdie''' fiets is myne.&quot;
One area in which you cannot use &quot;hierdie&quot; is when in reference to times of the day and with &quot;year&quot;.
* This morning. → '''Vanoggend''' (However, ''daardie oggend'')
* This afternoon. → '''Vanmiddag''' (However, ''daardie middag'')
* This evening. (''also'' &quot;Tonight&quot;) → '''Vanaand''' (However, ''daardie nag'')
* This day. (''also'' &quot;Today&quot;) → '''Vandag''' (However, ''daardie dag'')
* This year. → '''Vanjaar''' (However, ''daardie jaar'')

When the demonstratives act as pronouns (i.e. on their own), there are two different terms:
*&quot;Dit&quot; is by far the most commonly used in this role and refers to all four English demonstratives.
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This/That''' is my dog.' = &quot;'''Dit''' is my hond.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''These/Those''' are my dogs.' = &quot;'''Dit''' is my honde.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This''' is my bicycle.' = &quot;'''Dit''' is my fiets.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;He had cooked '''these'''. = &quot;Hy het '''dit''' geˈkook.&quot;

*The other two terms are &quot;dié&quot; and &quot;daai&quot;. &quot;Dié&quot; is somewhat formal, but can still be used in a pejorative context to refer to a person without mentioning them. &quot;Daai&quot; on the other hand is very common in informal (and only informal) settings to replace both &quot;dit&quot; and &quot;daardie&quot;.
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This/That''' is my uncle.' = &quot;'''Dié'''/'''Daai''' is my oom.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''These/Those''' are my uncles.' = &quot;'''Dié'''/'''Daai''' is my ooms.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;You can cook '''these'''. = &quot;Jy kan '''dié'''/'''daai''' kook.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''He''' spoils everything!' = &quot;'''Dié''' beˈderf ˈalles!&quot;

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Practicality: &quot;I Like/Love...&quot; and &quot;I Need...&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ==
This section serves to fill out the practical language you may encounter or use in your daily life as well as unique constructions that Afrikaans speakers use in contrast to Anglophones.
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;I Like/Love&lt;/span&gt; ===
In approaching affection for something, English speakers use the verbs, &quot;like&quot; and &quot;love&quot;. Rather than a verb, Afrikaans uses phrases to structure these. Don't forget that the phrase structure will change if the tense does.
'To like' has the basic form of {''[PRN.]'' '''hou (daar)van'''...}.
* ''I like'' '''[noun]'''. → ''Ek hou van'' '''[noun]'''.
** ''I like'' '''her music'''. → ''Ek hou van'' '''haar musiek'''.
* ''I like'' '''[infinitive]'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''[infinitive]'''.
** ''I like'' '''to travel'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''om te reis'''.
* ''I like'' '''[infinitive] [noun]'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''[infinitive + noun]'''.
** ''I like'' '''to walk''' in the '''garden'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''om in die tuin te '''loop'''.

'To love' has the basic form of {''[PRN.]'' '''is lief (vir)'''...}.
* ''I love'' '''[noun]'''. → ''Ek is lief vir'' '''[noun]'''.
** ''I love'' '''her music'''. → ''Ek is lief vir'' '''haar musiek'''.
* ''I love'' '''[infinitive]'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''[infinitive]'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''[infinitive]'''.
** ''I love'' '''to travel'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''om te reis'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''om te reis'''.
* ''I love'' '''[infinitive] [noun]'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''[infinitive + noun]'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''[infinitive + noun]'''.
** ''I love'' '''to walk''' in the '''garden'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''om in die tuin te loop'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''om in die tuin te loop'''.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;I Need...&lt;/span&gt; ===
There are two possible constructions. These are used only for nouns and not the modal construction for verbs.
* The first construction, {''[PRN.]'' '''het''' ''[noun]'' '''ˈnodig'''...}.
** ''I need'' '''a doctor'''! → ''Ek het'' '''ŉ dokter''' ''ˈnodig''!
** ''He needs'' '''you''' to help him. → ''Hy het'' '''jou''' ''ˈnodig'' om hom te help.
* As for the second construction, {''[PRN.]'' '''beˈnodig''' ''[noun]''}, one could rather think of &quot;benodig&quot; as 'in need of'.
** ''I (am in) need (of)'' '''a doctor'''! → ''Ek'' '''beˈnodig''' ''ŉ ˈdokter''!
** ''We (are in) need (of)'' '''textbooks'''. → ''Ons'' '''beˈnodig''' ''handboeke''.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Chapter Vocabulary&lt;/span&gt; ==
There are very few words this lesson. After all, the examples have been quite numerous.
{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 70vmax;&quot;
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Nouns and Adjectives
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Verbs and Adverbs
 |-
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 |-
 | bathroom || ˈbadˌkamer || ''to'' use || ''om te'' geˈbruik
 |-
 | cricket || ˈkrieket || ''to'' play || ''om te'' speel
 |-
 | difficult || ˈmoeilik
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; |
 |-
 | love || ˈliefde ('''-s''') 
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; |
 |-
 | toilet || ˈtoilet ('''-te''') 
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; |
|}

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Exercises&lt;/span&gt; ==
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise A: Swadesh Plurals&lt;/span&gt; ===
This exercise will be '''very''' hefty, but it provides a lot of practice. Below is listed all of the countable nouns found in the Swadesh list, and your task is to pluralize them all. You are certainly not obligated to learn all of the words below, rather just follow the exercise's instruction.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! THE LIST
 |-
 |
* vrou
* man
* mens
* kind
* ˈmoeder
* ˈvader
* dier
* vis
* voël
* hond
* luis
* slang
* wurm
* boom
* woud
* stok
* vrug
* saad
* blaar
* ˈwortel
* bas
* blom
* gras
* tou
* been
* {{H:title|/ˈəɪ̯.jər/|ˈeier}}
* ˈhoring
* stert
* veer
* haar
* kop
* oor
* oog
* neus
* mond
* tand
* tong
* nael
* voet
* knie
* hand
* vlerk
* maag
* ingeˈwand
* nek
* rug
* bors
* hart
* ˈlewer
* son
* maan
* ster
* reën
* riˈvier
* meer
* see
* sout
* klip
* grond
* wolk
* lug
* wind
* vuur
* as
* pad
* berg
* nag
* dag
* jaar
* naam
|}

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* '''vrou''' ('woman') → '''''ˈvroue'''''
* '''man''' ('man') → '''''ˈmanne'''''
* '''mens''' ('person') → '''''ˈmense'''''
* '''kind''' ('child') → '''''ˈkinders'''''
* '''moeder''' ('mother') → ''''''ˈmoeders'''''
* '''vader''' ('father') → '''''ˈvaders'''''
* '''dier''' ('animal') → '''''ˈdiere'''''
* '''vis''' ('fish') → '''''ˈvisse'''''
* '''voël''' ('bird') → '''''voëls'''''
* '''hond''' ('dog') → '''''ˈhonde'''''
* '''luis''' ('louse') → '''''ˈluise'''''
* '''slang''' ('snake') → '''''ˈslange'''''
* '''wurm''' ('worm') → '''''wurms'''''
* '''boom''' ('tree') → '''''ˈbome'''''
* '''woud''' ('forest') → '''''ˈwoude'''''
* '''stok''' ('stick') → '''''ˈstokke'''''
* '''vrug''' ('fruit') → '''''ˈvrugte'''''
* '''saad''' ('seed') → '''''ˈsade'''''
* '''blaar''' ('leaf') → '''''ˈblare'''''
* '''wortel''' ('carrot, root') → '''''ˈwortels'''''
* '''bas''' ('tree bark') → '''''ˈbaste'''''
* '''blom''' ('flower') → '''''ˈblomme'''''
* '''gras''' ('grass') → '''''ˈgrasse'''''
* '''tou''' ('rope') → '''''ˈtoue'''''
* '''been''' ('leg, bone') → '''''ˈbene'''''
* '''eier''' ('egg') → '''''ˈeiers'''''
* '''horing''' ('horn') → '''''ˈbote'''''
* '''stert''' ('tail') → '''''ˈsterte'''''
* '''veer''' ('feather') → '''''ˈvere'''''
* '''haar''' ('hair') → '''''ˈhare'''''
* '''kop''' ('head') → '''''ˈkoppe'''''
* '''oor''' ('ear') → '''''ˈore'''''
* '''oog''' ('eye') → '''''ˈoë'''''
* '''neus''' ('nose') → '''''ˈneuse'''''
* '''mond''' ('mouth') → '''''ˈmonde'''''
* '''tand''' ('tooth') → '''''ˈtande'''''
* '''tong''' ('tongue') → '''''ˈtonge'''''
* '''nael''' ('fingernail') → '''''ˈnaele'''''
* '''voet''' ('foot') → '''''ˈvoete'''''
* '''knie''' ('knee') → '''''ˈknieë'''''
* '''hand''' ('hand') → '''''ˈhande'''''
* '''vlerk''' ('wing') → '''''ˈvlerke'''''
* '''maag''' ('stomach') → '''''ˈmae'''''
* '''ingeˈwand''' ('gut') → '''''ingeˈwande'''''
* '''nek''' ('neck') → '''''nekke'''''
* '''rug''' ('back') → '''''rûe'''''
* '''bors''' ('chest, breast') → '''''ˈborste'''''
* '''hart''' ('heart') → '''''ˈharte'''''
* '''lewer''' ('liver') → '''''ˈlewers'''''
* '''son''' ('sun') → '''''ˈsonne'''''
* '''maan''' ('moon') → '''''ˈmane'''''
* '''ster''' ('star') → '''''ˈsterre'''''
* '''reën''' ('rain') → '''''ˈreëns'''''
* '''rivier''' ('river') → '''''ˈriviere'''''
* '''meer''' ('lake') → '''''ˈmere'''''
* '''see''' ('sea') → '''''ˈseë'''''
* '''sout''' ('salt') → '''''ˈsoute'''''
* '''klip''' ('rock') → '''''ˈklippe'''''
* '''grond''' ('earth') → '''''ˈgronde'''''
* '''wolk''' ('cloud') → '''''ˈwolke'''''
* '''lug''' ('sky, air') → '''''lugte'''''
* '''wind''' ('wind') → '''''ˈwinde'''''
* '''vuur''' ('fire') → '''''vure'''''
* '''as''' ('ash') → '''''ˈasse'''''
* '''pad''' ('road') → '''''ˈpaaie'''''
* '''berg''' ('mountain') → '''''ˈberge'''''
* '''nag''' ('night') → '''''ˈnagte'''''
* '''dag''' ('day') → '''''ˈdae'''''
* '''jaar''' ('year') → '''''ˈjare'''''
* '''naam''' ('name') → '''''ˈname'''''
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise B: Demonstratives&lt;/span&gt; ===
Determine which demonstrative would most suit the situation based on both grammar and formality.
* En ___ is my ˈoupa. ('And '''this''' is my grandfather.')
* Ja boet, ___ is my ˈmotor. ('Yeah bro, '''this''' is my car.')
* ___ tye is wild, ja? ('&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''These''' times are wild, huh?')
* Waar is Japie!? ___ ˈbeter ˈoppas! ('Where is Japie? '''He''' better watch out!')
* ___ hoede is duur! ('&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''Those''' hats are expensive!')
* ___ kat is baie mooi. ('&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This''' cat is very pretty.')

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* En '''dit''' is my oupa.
* Ja boet, '''daai''' is my motor.
* '''Hierdie''' tye is wild, ja?
* Waar is Japie!? '''Dié''' beter oppas!
* '''Daardie''' hoede is duur!
* '''Hierdie''' kat is baie mooi.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise C: Practical Language&lt;/span&gt; ===
Translate below .
* Jy hou van my kat.
* Hy is lief daarvoor om krieket te speel.
* Ek het my vriende nodig.
* I need the toilet. Where is it?
* She loves him very much.
* I like to eat apples.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE &amp; ANSWERS
 |-
 |
* You like my cat.
* He loves to play cricket.
* I needed my friends.
* Ek het die toiˈlet nodig. Waar is dit?
* Sy is baie lief vir hom.
* Ek hou van appels te eet.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise D: Translate Into English&lt;/span&gt; ===
* To buy many rings for her.
* The bow has been used in many wars.
* Those clouds in the sky.
* I liked the food.
* Jacobus has fifteen toys. Marie has one toy.
* The cities were on the island.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Om vir haar baie ringe te koop.
* Die boog was in baie oorloë gebruik.
* Daardie wolke in die lug.
* Ek het van die kos gehou.
* Jacobus het vyftien speelgoed. Marie het een speelding.
* Die stede was op die eiland.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise E: Translate Into Afrikaans&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Die vliegtuig het twee vlerke.
* Daardie honde het my gebyt!
* Ek is lief vir katte, honde, slange en al die diere.
* Hier is kruie vir die kos.
* Sy moeder gee baie liefde.
* Dit is moeilik om hierdie briewe te skryf!

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANSWERS
 |-
 |
* The aeroplane has two wings.
* Those dog bit me!
* I love cats, dogs, snakes and all the animals.
* Here are herbs for the food.
* His mother gives much love.
* It is difficult to write these letters!
|}

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;The Next Lesson&lt;/span&gt; ==
Between this and lesson one, you have been handed a great many words to learn.
In the next lesson, we shall cover auxiliary verbs and a general word order. Good luck on your studies!
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_04|On to Lesson Four!&gt;&gt;]]'''''

If you're still feeling shaky or want to review the previous chapter:
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_02|&lt;&lt;Back to Lesson Two.]]'''''

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>lnbl0wx42mjbzr1i220qvsrlfgt53k3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088353</id>
      <parentid>4088352</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:25:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdjacentTriangle</username>
        <id>3235660</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* I Need... */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20763" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;color: #f39; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Lesson Three: The Basics #3 — Les Drie: Die Grondbeginsels #3&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome to Afrikaans Lesson Three. Dialogues will be skipped again this lesson to save such for when we have enough grammatical concepts covered.
This lesson will continue plural forms and cover the infinitive modifier, determiners and practical description.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Plurals: &quot;-g&quot;, Suffixes Cont., and Unpredictable Plurals&lt;/span&gt; ==
Continuing from the last lesson, we will provide the rest of the necessary rules and from then on out, there will be very few words you will be unable to pluralize. For a more in-depth list of irregulars, you can [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Irregular Plurals|go here]].

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 1: Words Ending in &quot;-g&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
There are multiple vowel combinations with the letter &quot;'''''-g'''''&quot;, each with their own standard rule:
*'''-ag''' changes to '''-ae'''. If it is a double &quot;a&quot;, one of them falls away.
**'''vlag''' ('flag') → ''vl'''ae'''''
**'''dag''' ('day') → ''d'''ae'''''
**'''plaag''' ('plague') → ''pl'''ae'''''
*'''-ig''' adds to the suffix a '''-te'''.
**'''lig''' ('light')  → ''lig'''te'''
**'''geˈdig''' ('poem')  → ''gedig'''te'''
**'''geˈsig''' ('face')  → ''gesig'''te'''
*'''-og''' changes to a '''-oë'''. If it is a double &quot;o&quot;, one of them falls away.
**'''oog''' ('eye')  → ''o'''ë'''
**'''boog''' ('bow')  → ''b'''oë'''
**'''ˈoorlog''' ('war') → ''oor'''loë'''
**'''bioˈloog''' ('biologist') → ''biol'''oë'''
*'''-oeg''' and '''-ieg''' change to '''-oeë''' and '''-ieë'''.
**'''ploeg''' ('plough')  → ''pl'''oeë'''
**'''kroeg''' ('pub'; 'bar')  → ''kr'''oeë'''
**'''wieg''' ('cradle')  → ''w'''ieë'''
*'''-uig''' changes to a '''-uie'''.
**'''tuig''' ('harness') → ''tui'''e'''
**'''ˈvliegtuig''' ('aeroplane') → ''vliegtui'''e'''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 2: Words Ending in Doubled Consonants&lt;/span&gt; ===
*For words that end in double consonants ('''eg.''' ''-ng, -nd, -rk, -rd''), these pluralize with an '''''-e'''''.
**'''hand''' ('hand') → ''ˈhand'''e'''''
**'''ring''' ('ring') → ''ˈring'''e'''''
**'''vlerk''' ('wing') → ''ˈvlerk'''e'''''
**'''wolk''' ('cloud') → ''wolk'''e'''''
**'''swaard''' ('sword') → ''swaard'''e'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 3: Polysyllabic Words&lt;/span&gt; ===
*Polysyllabic words that don't have their stress on the final syllable ''usually'' pluralize with an '''-s''' (as usual, there are exceptions). This explains why words you had seen last lesson ('ˈvader', 'ˈmoeder', 'ˈdogter'), had '''-s''' as their plural. This also includes words that end in '''''-ing''''' pluralize with an '''''-s'''''.
**'''ˈwortel''' ('carrot, root') → ''ˈwortel'''s'''''
**'''ˈvenster''' ('window') → ''ˈvenster'''s'''''
**'''ˈkoning''' ('king') → ''ˈkoning'''s'''''
**'''ˈhoring''' ('horn') → ''ˈhoring'''s'''''
*Contrast this with words who's stress does fall on the final syllable.
**'''riˈvier''' ('river') → ''rivier'''e'''''
**'''ingeˈwand''' ('gut, intestine') → ''ingewand'''e'''''
**'''kampiˈoen''' ('champion') → ''kampiˈoen'''e'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 4: Suffixes 2&lt;/span&gt; ===
*The suffix '''''-ding''''' has the odd property of pluralizing as '''''-goed'''''.
**'''ˈspeelding''' ('toy') → ''ˈspeel'''goed'''''
**'''ˈeetding''' ('snack') → ''ˈeet'''goed'''''
**'''ˈslagding''' ('animal for slaughter') → ''ˈslag'''goed'''''
*The '''''-man''''' suffix can be quite unpredictable.
**On one hand, some words have the '''''-man''''' suffix disappear completely, and the root itself pluralizes.
***'''ˈbuurman''' ('neighbour') → ''ˈb'''u'''r'''e'''''
***'''ˈEngelsˌman''' ('Englishman') → ''ˈEngels'''e''''' ('English')
***'''ˈFransˌman''' ('Frenchman') → ''ˈFrans'''e''''' ('French')
**On the other hand, there are words (especially occupations) in which the suffix remains and pluralizes as a short vowel would (&quot;''-man''&quot; → &quot;''-man'''ne''''&quot;).
***'''ˈsakeˌman''' ('businessman') → ''ˈsake'''ˌmanne'''''
***'''ˈbrandweerˌman''' ('fireman') → ''ˈbrandweer'''manne'''''

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Plurals: Unpredictable Forms&lt;/span&gt; ==
These are specific forms that have no real pattern in the formation.
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Plurals as -te&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Though a lot of the time, the rules given so far work in many instances, there are many, many words that pluralize with '''-te'''. The unfortunate part is that one just has to capitulate and learn them by heart.
** '''nag''' ('night') → ''nag'''te''''' (not '''''nae''''')
** '''vrug''' ('fruit') → ''vrug'''te'''''
** '''bas''' ('tree bark') → ''bas'''te'''''
** '''lug''' ('sky') → ''lug'''te'''''
** '''bors''' ('chest'; 'breast') → ''bors'''te'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Words Ending in -d&lt;/span&gt; ===
* As mentioned before, words ending in '''-d''' can be very unpredictable and there is no general rule as to how they work. In such instances, it's best to learn each individual word's plural form. Below are the types of plural formations.
** There are words that retain the '''-d''' and add an '''-e''' (however, some words may leave out pronunciation of '''-d''' in informal speech).
*** '''ˈeiland''' ('island') → ''eilan'''de'''''
*** '''hond''' ('dog') → ''hon'''de'''''
*** '''aand''' ('evening') → ''aan'''de'''''
*** '''daad''' ('deed') → ''d'''a'''d'''e'''''
** There are words that lose the '''-d'''.
*** '''tyd''' ('time') → ''ty'''e'''''
*** '''kruid''' ('herb') → ''krui'''e'''''
** Words that change the vowels are all irregular in form.
*** '''stad''' ('city') → ''ˈst'''e'''d'''e'''''
*** '''god''' ('god') → ''ˈg'''o'''d'''e'''''
*** '''lid''' ('member') → ''ˈl'''e'''d'''e'''''
*** '''geˈbed''' ('prayer') → ''geˈb'''e'''d'''e'''''
*** '''blad''' ('page') → ''ˈbla'''aie'''''
*** '''pad''' ('road') → ''ˈpa'''aie'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Plurals as &quot;-ens&quot;, &quot;-ere&quot; and &quot;-ers&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
* There are really only a handful of nouns that end in '''''-ens''''', and so, listed below are the most common and non-informal of terms.
** '''bed''' ('bed') → ''ˈbed'''dens'''''
** '''bad''' ('bathtub') → ''ˈbad'''dens'''''
** '''geˈvoel''' ('feeling') → ''geˈvoel'''ens'''''
** '''nooi''' ('sweetheart') → ''ˈnooi'''ens'''''
** '''wa''' ('wagon') → ''ˈwa'''ens'''''
* There are only four words that end in '''''-ere'''''.
** '''goed''' ('goods') → ''ˈgoed'''ere'''''
** '''lied''' ('song') → ''ˈlied'''ere'''''
** '''geˈmoed''' ('state of mind and heart') → ''geˈmoed'''ere'''''
** '''volk''' ('nation, peoples') → ''ˈvolk'''ere''''' (but the more common plural is '''''ˈvolke''''')
* &quot;Kind&quot; is the '''ONLY''' word in the language that pluralizes with '''''-ers'''''.
** '''kind''' ('child') → ''ˈkind'''ers'''''

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Verbs: The Infinitive Modifier&lt;/span&gt; ==
One thing you should be aware of is that when an infinitive directly modifies a noun phrase, there is a certain structure one must use. The &quot;om te&quot; is split apart, and so, the structure used is {'''om''' ''[noun phrase]'' '''te''' ''[verb]''}.
* ''to'' '''run a mile'''. → '''om''' ''ŉ myl'' '''te''' ''ˈhardˌloop''.
* ''to'' '''drink water'''. → '''om''' ''ˈwater'' '''te''' ''drink''.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Determiners and Pronouns: Demonstratives&lt;/span&gt; ==
Demonstratives reference people or things based on location without directly referring to them. In basic terms, you will know them in English as 'this', 'these', 'that' and 'those'.
When they act as determiners (i.e. a noun directly follows the demonstrative), '''hierdie''' ('this/these') and '''daardie''' ('that/those') are used, both of which refer to the singular and plural, the key difference lying in the number of the noun. When pronouncing &quot;{{H:title|/ˈɦiɾi/|hierdie}}&quot; and &quot;{{H:title|/ˈdɑːɾi/|daardie}}&quot;, the '''d''' is silent.
* This dog. → Hierdie '''hond'''.
* These dogs. → Hierdie '''honde'''.
* That dog. → Daardie '''hond'''.
* Those dogs. → Daardie '''honde'''.
* '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This''' bicycle is mine.' → &quot;'''Hierdie''' fiets is myne.&quot;
One area in which you cannot use &quot;hierdie&quot; is when in reference to times of the day and with &quot;year&quot;.
* This morning. → '''Vanoggend''' (However, ''daardie oggend'')
* This afternoon. → '''Vanmiddag''' (However, ''daardie middag'')
* This evening. (''also'' &quot;Tonight&quot;) → '''Vanaand''' (However, ''daardie nag'')
* This day. (''also'' &quot;Today&quot;) → '''Vandag''' (However, ''daardie dag'')
* This year. → '''Vanjaar''' (However, ''daardie jaar'')

When the demonstratives act as pronouns (i.e. on their own), there are two different terms:
*&quot;Dit&quot; is by far the most commonly used in this role and refers to all four English demonstratives.
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This/That''' is my dog.' = &quot;'''Dit''' is my hond.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''These/Those''' are my dogs.' = &quot;'''Dit''' is my honde.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This''' is my bicycle.' = &quot;'''Dit''' is my fiets.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;He had cooked '''these'''. = &quot;Hy het '''dit''' geˈkook.&quot;

*The other two terms are &quot;dié&quot; and &quot;daai&quot;. &quot;Dié&quot; is somewhat formal, but can still be used in a pejorative context to refer to a person without mentioning them. &quot;Daai&quot; on the other hand is very common in informal (and only informal) settings to replace both &quot;dit&quot; and &quot;daardie&quot;.
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This/That''' is my uncle.' = &quot;'''Dié'''/'''Daai''' is my oom.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''These/Those''' are my uncles.' = &quot;'''Dié'''/'''Daai''' is my ooms.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;You can cook '''these'''. = &quot;Jy kan '''dié'''/'''daai''' kook.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''He''' spoils everything!' = &quot;'''Dié''' beˈderf ˈalles!&quot;

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Practicality: &quot;I Like/Love...&quot; and &quot;I Need...&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ==
This section serves to fill out the practical language you may encounter or use in your daily life as well as unique constructions that Afrikaans speakers use in contrast to Anglophones.
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;I Like/Love&lt;/span&gt; ===
In approaching affection for something, English speakers use the verbs, &quot;like&quot; and &quot;love&quot;. Rather than a verb, Afrikaans uses phrases to structure these. Don't forget that the phrase structure will change if the tense does.
'To like' has the basic form of {''[PRN.]'' '''hou (daar)van'''...}.
* ''I like'' '''[noun]'''. → ''Ek hou van'' '''[noun]'''.
** ''I like'' '''her music'''. → ''Ek hou van'' '''haar musiek'''.
* ''I like'' '''[infinitive]'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''[infinitive]'''.
** ''I like'' '''to travel'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''om te reis'''.
* ''I like'' '''[infinitive] [noun]'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''[infinitive + noun]'''.
** ''I like'' '''to walk''' in the '''garden'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''om in die tuin te '''loop'''.

'To love' has the basic form of {''[PRN.]'' '''is lief (vir)'''...}.
* ''I love'' '''[noun]'''. → ''Ek is lief vir'' '''[noun]'''.
** ''I love'' '''her music'''. → ''Ek is lief vir'' '''haar musiek'''.
* ''I love'' '''[infinitive]'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''[infinitive]'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''[infinitive]'''.
** ''I love'' '''to travel'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''om te reis'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''om te reis'''.
* ''I love'' '''[infinitive] [noun]'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''[infinitive + noun]'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''[infinitive + noun]'''.
** ''I love'' '''to walk''' in the '''garden'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''om in die tuin te loop'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''om in die tuin te loop'''.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;I Need...&lt;/span&gt; ===
There are two possible constructions. These are used only for nouns and not the modal construction for verbs.
* The first construction, {''[PRN.]'' '''het''' ''[noun]'' '''ˈnodig'''...}.
** ''I need'' '''a doctor'''! → ''Ek het'' '''ŉ dokter''' ''ˈnodig''!
** ''He needs'' '''you''' to help him. → ''Hy het'' '''jou''' ''ˈnodig'' om hom te help.
* As for the second construction, {''[PRN.]'' '''beˈnodig''' ''[noun]''}, one could rather think of &quot;benodig&quot; as 'in need of'.
** ''I (am in) need (of)'' '''a doctor'''! → ''Ek beˈnodig''' '''ŉ ˈdokter'''!
** ''We (are in) need (of)'' '''textbooks'''. → ''Ons beˈnodig'' '''handboeke'''.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Chapter Vocabulary&lt;/span&gt; ==
There are very few words this lesson. After all, the examples have been quite numerous.
{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 70vmax;&quot;
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Nouns and Adjectives
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Verbs and Adverbs
 |-
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 |-
 | bathroom || ˈbadˌkamer || ''to'' use || ''om te'' geˈbruik
 |-
 | cricket || ˈkrieket || ''to'' play || ''om te'' speel
 |-
 | difficult || ˈmoeilik
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; |
 |-
 | love || ˈliefde ('''-s''') 
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; |
 |-
 | toilet || ˈtoilet ('''-te''') 
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; |
|}

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Exercises&lt;/span&gt; ==
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise A: Swadesh Plurals&lt;/span&gt; ===
This exercise will be '''very''' hefty, but it provides a lot of practice. Below is listed all of the countable nouns found in the Swadesh list, and your task is to pluralize them all. You are certainly not obligated to learn all of the words below, rather just follow the exercise's instruction.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! THE LIST
 |-
 |
* vrou
* man
* mens
* kind
* ˈmoeder
* ˈvader
* dier
* vis
* voël
* hond
* luis
* slang
* wurm
* boom
* woud
* stok
* vrug
* saad
* blaar
* ˈwortel
* bas
* blom
* gras
* tou
* been
* {{H:title|/ˈəɪ̯.jər/|ˈeier}}
* ˈhoring
* stert
* veer
* haar
* kop
* oor
* oog
* neus
* mond
* tand
* tong
* nael
* voet
* knie
* hand
* vlerk
* maag
* ingeˈwand
* nek
* rug
* bors
* hart
* ˈlewer
* son
* maan
* ster
* reën
* riˈvier
* meer
* see
* sout
* klip
* grond
* wolk
* lug
* wind
* vuur
* as
* pad
* berg
* nag
* dag
* jaar
* naam
|}

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* '''vrou''' ('woman') → '''''ˈvroue'''''
* '''man''' ('man') → '''''ˈmanne'''''
* '''mens''' ('person') → '''''ˈmense'''''
* '''kind''' ('child') → '''''ˈkinders'''''
* '''moeder''' ('mother') → ''''''ˈmoeders'''''
* '''vader''' ('father') → '''''ˈvaders'''''
* '''dier''' ('animal') → '''''ˈdiere'''''
* '''vis''' ('fish') → '''''ˈvisse'''''
* '''voël''' ('bird') → '''''voëls'''''
* '''hond''' ('dog') → '''''ˈhonde'''''
* '''luis''' ('louse') → '''''ˈluise'''''
* '''slang''' ('snake') → '''''ˈslange'''''
* '''wurm''' ('worm') → '''''wurms'''''
* '''boom''' ('tree') → '''''ˈbome'''''
* '''woud''' ('forest') → '''''ˈwoude'''''
* '''stok''' ('stick') → '''''ˈstokke'''''
* '''vrug''' ('fruit') → '''''ˈvrugte'''''
* '''saad''' ('seed') → '''''ˈsade'''''
* '''blaar''' ('leaf') → '''''ˈblare'''''
* '''wortel''' ('carrot, root') → '''''ˈwortels'''''
* '''bas''' ('tree bark') → '''''ˈbaste'''''
* '''blom''' ('flower') → '''''ˈblomme'''''
* '''gras''' ('grass') → '''''ˈgrasse'''''
* '''tou''' ('rope') → '''''ˈtoue'''''
* '''been''' ('leg, bone') → '''''ˈbene'''''
* '''eier''' ('egg') → '''''ˈeiers'''''
* '''horing''' ('horn') → '''''ˈbote'''''
* '''stert''' ('tail') → '''''ˈsterte'''''
* '''veer''' ('feather') → '''''ˈvere'''''
* '''haar''' ('hair') → '''''ˈhare'''''
* '''kop''' ('head') → '''''ˈkoppe'''''
* '''oor''' ('ear') → '''''ˈore'''''
* '''oog''' ('eye') → '''''ˈoë'''''
* '''neus''' ('nose') → '''''ˈneuse'''''
* '''mond''' ('mouth') → '''''ˈmonde'''''
* '''tand''' ('tooth') → '''''ˈtande'''''
* '''tong''' ('tongue') → '''''ˈtonge'''''
* '''nael''' ('fingernail') → '''''ˈnaele'''''
* '''voet''' ('foot') → '''''ˈvoete'''''
* '''knie''' ('knee') → '''''ˈknieë'''''
* '''hand''' ('hand') → '''''ˈhande'''''
* '''vlerk''' ('wing') → '''''ˈvlerke'''''
* '''maag''' ('stomach') → '''''ˈmae'''''
* '''ingeˈwand''' ('gut') → '''''ingeˈwande'''''
* '''nek''' ('neck') → '''''nekke'''''
* '''rug''' ('back') → '''''rûe'''''
* '''bors''' ('chest, breast') → '''''ˈborste'''''
* '''hart''' ('heart') → '''''ˈharte'''''
* '''lewer''' ('liver') → '''''ˈlewers'''''
* '''son''' ('sun') → '''''ˈsonne'''''
* '''maan''' ('moon') → '''''ˈmane'''''
* '''ster''' ('star') → '''''ˈsterre'''''
* '''reën''' ('rain') → '''''ˈreëns'''''
* '''rivier''' ('river') → '''''ˈriviere'''''
* '''meer''' ('lake') → '''''ˈmere'''''
* '''see''' ('sea') → '''''ˈseë'''''
* '''sout''' ('salt') → '''''ˈsoute'''''
* '''klip''' ('rock') → '''''ˈklippe'''''
* '''grond''' ('earth') → '''''ˈgronde'''''
* '''wolk''' ('cloud') → '''''ˈwolke'''''
* '''lug''' ('sky, air') → '''''lugte'''''
* '''wind''' ('wind') → '''''ˈwinde'''''
* '''vuur''' ('fire') → '''''vure'''''
* '''as''' ('ash') → '''''ˈasse'''''
* '''pad''' ('road') → '''''ˈpaaie'''''
* '''berg''' ('mountain') → '''''ˈberge'''''
* '''nag''' ('night') → '''''ˈnagte'''''
* '''dag''' ('day') → '''''ˈdae'''''
* '''jaar''' ('year') → '''''ˈjare'''''
* '''naam''' ('name') → '''''ˈname'''''
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise B: Demonstratives&lt;/span&gt; ===
Determine which demonstrative would most suit the situation based on both grammar and formality.
* En ___ is my ˈoupa. ('And '''this''' is my grandfather.')
* Ja boet, ___ is my ˈmotor. ('Yeah bro, '''this''' is my car.')
* ___ tye is wild, ja? ('&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''These''' times are wild, huh?')
* Waar is Japie!? ___ ˈbeter ˈoppas! ('Where is Japie? '''He''' better watch out!')
* ___ hoede is duur! ('&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''Those''' hats are expensive!')
* ___ kat is baie mooi. ('&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This''' cat is very pretty.')

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* En '''dit''' is my oupa.
* Ja boet, '''daai''' is my motor.
* '''Hierdie''' tye is wild, ja?
* Waar is Japie!? '''Dié''' beter oppas!
* '''Daardie''' hoede is duur!
* '''Hierdie''' kat is baie mooi.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise C: Practical Language&lt;/span&gt; ===
Translate below .
* Jy hou van my kat.
* Hy is lief daarvoor om krieket te speel.
* Ek het my vriende nodig.
* I need the toilet. Where is it?
* She loves him very much.
* I like to eat apples.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE &amp; ANSWERS
 |-
 |
* You like my cat.
* He loves to play cricket.
* I needed my friends.
* Ek het die toiˈlet nodig. Waar is dit?
* Sy is baie lief vir hom.
* Ek hou van appels te eet.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise D: Translate Into English&lt;/span&gt; ===
* To buy many rings for her.
* The bow has been used in many wars.
* Those clouds in the sky.
* I liked the food.
* Jacobus has fifteen toys. Marie has one toy.
* The cities were on the island.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Om vir haar baie ringe te koop.
* Die boog was in baie oorloë gebruik.
* Daardie wolke in die lug.
* Ek het van die kos gehou.
* Jacobus het vyftien speelgoed. Marie het een speelding.
* Die stede was op die eiland.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise E: Translate Into Afrikaans&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Die vliegtuig het twee vlerke.
* Daardie honde het my gebyt!
* Ek is lief vir katte, honde, slange en al die diere.
* Hier is kruie vir die kos.
* Sy moeder gee baie liefde.
* Dit is moeilik om hierdie briewe te skryf!

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANSWERS
 |-
 |
* The aeroplane has two wings.
* Those dog bit me!
* I love cats, dogs, snakes and all the animals.
* Here are herbs for the food.
* His mother gives much love.
* It is difficult to write these letters!
|}

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;The Next Lesson&lt;/span&gt; ==
Between this and lesson one, you have been handed a great many words to learn.
In the next lesson, we shall cover auxiliary verbs and a general word order. Good luck on your studies!
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_04|On to Lesson Four!&gt;&gt;]]'''''

If you're still feeling shaky or want to review the previous chapter:
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_02|&lt;&lt;Back to Lesson Two.]]'''''

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>hznavjrijgi36gd8pfzwjkldldylak6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088354</id>
      <parentid>4088353</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:25:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdjacentTriangle</username>
        <id>3235660</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* I Need... */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20762" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;color: #f39; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Lesson Three: The Basics #3 — Les Drie: Die Grondbeginsels #3&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome to Afrikaans Lesson Three. Dialogues will be skipped again this lesson to save such for when we have enough grammatical concepts covered.
This lesson will continue plural forms and cover the infinitive modifier, determiners and practical description.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Plurals: &quot;-g&quot;, Suffixes Cont., and Unpredictable Plurals&lt;/span&gt; ==
Continuing from the last lesson, we will provide the rest of the necessary rules and from then on out, there will be very few words you will be unable to pluralize. For a more in-depth list of irregulars, you can [[Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Irregular Plurals|go here]].

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 1: Words Ending in &quot;-g&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
There are multiple vowel combinations with the letter &quot;'''''-g'''''&quot;, each with their own standard rule:
*'''-ag''' changes to '''-ae'''. If it is a double &quot;a&quot;, one of them falls away.
**'''vlag''' ('flag') → ''vl'''ae'''''
**'''dag''' ('day') → ''d'''ae'''''
**'''plaag''' ('plague') → ''pl'''ae'''''
*'''-ig''' adds to the suffix a '''-te'''.
**'''lig''' ('light')  → ''lig'''te'''
**'''geˈdig''' ('poem')  → ''gedig'''te'''
**'''geˈsig''' ('face')  → ''gesig'''te'''
*'''-og''' changes to a '''-oë'''. If it is a double &quot;o&quot;, one of them falls away.
**'''oog''' ('eye')  → ''o'''ë'''
**'''boog''' ('bow')  → ''b'''oë'''
**'''ˈoorlog''' ('war') → ''oor'''loë'''
**'''bioˈloog''' ('biologist') → ''biol'''oë'''
*'''-oeg''' and '''-ieg''' change to '''-oeë''' and '''-ieë'''.
**'''ploeg''' ('plough')  → ''pl'''oeë'''
**'''kroeg''' ('pub'; 'bar')  → ''kr'''oeë'''
**'''wieg''' ('cradle')  → ''w'''ieë'''
*'''-uig''' changes to a '''-uie'''.
**'''tuig''' ('harness') → ''tui'''e'''
**'''ˈvliegtuig''' ('aeroplane') → ''vliegtui'''e'''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 2: Words Ending in Doubled Consonants&lt;/span&gt; ===
*For words that end in double consonants ('''eg.''' ''-ng, -nd, -rk, -rd''), these pluralize with an '''''-e'''''.
**'''hand''' ('hand') → ''ˈhand'''e'''''
**'''ring''' ('ring') → ''ˈring'''e'''''
**'''vlerk''' ('wing') → ''ˈvlerk'''e'''''
**'''wolk''' ('cloud') → ''wolk'''e'''''
**'''swaard''' ('sword') → ''swaard'''e'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 3: Polysyllabic Words&lt;/span&gt; ===
*Polysyllabic words that don't have their stress on the final syllable ''usually'' pluralize with an '''-s''' (as usual, there are exceptions). This explains why words you had seen last lesson ('ˈvader', 'ˈmoeder', 'ˈdogter'), had '''-s''' as their plural. This also includes words that end in '''''-ing''''' pluralize with an '''''-s'''''.
**'''ˈwortel''' ('carrot, root') → ''ˈwortel'''s'''''
**'''ˈvenster''' ('window') → ''ˈvenster'''s'''''
**'''ˈkoning''' ('king') → ''ˈkoning'''s'''''
**'''ˈhoring''' ('horn') → ''ˈhoring'''s'''''
*Contrast this with words who's stress does fall on the final syllable.
**'''riˈvier''' ('river') → ''rivier'''e'''''
**'''ingeˈwand''' ('gut, intestine') → ''ingewand'''e'''''
**'''kampiˈoen''' ('champion') → ''kampiˈoen'''e'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;GENERAL RULE 4: Suffixes 2&lt;/span&gt; ===
*The suffix '''''-ding''''' has the odd property of pluralizing as '''''-goed'''''.
**'''ˈspeelding''' ('toy') → ''ˈspeel'''goed'''''
**'''ˈeetding''' ('snack') → ''ˈeet'''goed'''''
**'''ˈslagding''' ('animal for slaughter') → ''ˈslag'''goed'''''
*The '''''-man''''' suffix can be quite unpredictable.
**On one hand, some words have the '''''-man''''' suffix disappear completely, and the root itself pluralizes.
***'''ˈbuurman''' ('neighbour') → ''ˈb'''u'''r'''e'''''
***'''ˈEngelsˌman''' ('Englishman') → ''ˈEngels'''e''''' ('English')
***'''ˈFransˌman''' ('Frenchman') → ''ˈFrans'''e''''' ('French')
**On the other hand, there are words (especially occupations) in which the suffix remains and pluralizes as a short vowel would (&quot;''-man''&quot; → &quot;''-man'''ne''''&quot;).
***'''ˈsakeˌman''' ('businessman') → ''ˈsake'''ˌmanne'''''
***'''ˈbrandweerˌman''' ('fireman') → ''ˈbrandweer'''manne'''''

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Plurals: Unpredictable Forms&lt;/span&gt; ==
These are specific forms that have no real pattern in the formation.
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Plurals as -te&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Though a lot of the time, the rules given so far work in many instances, there are many, many words that pluralize with '''-te'''. The unfortunate part is that one just has to capitulate and learn them by heart.
** '''nag''' ('night') → ''nag'''te''''' (not '''''nae''''')
** '''vrug''' ('fruit') → ''vrug'''te'''''
** '''bas''' ('tree bark') → ''bas'''te'''''
** '''lug''' ('sky') → ''lug'''te'''''
** '''bors''' ('chest'; 'breast') → ''bors'''te'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Words Ending in -d&lt;/span&gt; ===
* As mentioned before, words ending in '''-d''' can be very unpredictable and there is no general rule as to how they work. In such instances, it's best to learn each individual word's plural form. Below are the types of plural formations.
** There are words that retain the '''-d''' and add an '''-e''' (however, some words may leave out pronunciation of '''-d''' in informal speech).
*** '''ˈeiland''' ('island') → ''eilan'''de'''''
*** '''hond''' ('dog') → ''hon'''de'''''
*** '''aand''' ('evening') → ''aan'''de'''''
*** '''daad''' ('deed') → ''d'''a'''d'''e'''''
** There are words that lose the '''-d'''.
*** '''tyd''' ('time') → ''ty'''e'''''
*** '''kruid''' ('herb') → ''krui'''e'''''
** Words that change the vowels are all irregular in form.
*** '''stad''' ('city') → ''ˈst'''e'''d'''e'''''
*** '''god''' ('god') → ''ˈg'''o'''d'''e'''''
*** '''lid''' ('member') → ''ˈl'''e'''d'''e'''''
*** '''geˈbed''' ('prayer') → ''geˈb'''e'''d'''e'''''
*** '''blad''' ('page') → ''ˈbla'''aie'''''
*** '''pad''' ('road') → ''ˈpa'''aie'''''

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Plurals as &quot;-ens&quot;, &quot;-ere&quot; and &quot;-ers&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
* There are really only a handful of nouns that end in '''''-ens''''', and so, listed below are the most common and non-informal of terms.
** '''bed''' ('bed') → ''ˈbed'''dens'''''
** '''bad''' ('bathtub') → ''ˈbad'''dens'''''
** '''geˈvoel''' ('feeling') → ''geˈvoel'''ens'''''
** '''nooi''' ('sweetheart') → ''ˈnooi'''ens'''''
** '''wa''' ('wagon') → ''ˈwa'''ens'''''
* There are only four words that end in '''''-ere'''''.
** '''goed''' ('goods') → ''ˈgoed'''ere'''''
** '''lied''' ('song') → ''ˈlied'''ere'''''
** '''geˈmoed''' ('state of mind and heart') → ''geˈmoed'''ere'''''
** '''volk''' ('nation, peoples') → ''ˈvolk'''ere''''' (but the more common plural is '''''ˈvolke''''')
* &quot;Kind&quot; is the '''ONLY''' word in the language that pluralizes with '''''-ers'''''.
** '''kind''' ('child') → ''ˈkind'''ers'''''

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Verbs: The Infinitive Modifier&lt;/span&gt; ==
One thing you should be aware of is that when an infinitive directly modifies a noun phrase, there is a certain structure one must use. The &quot;om te&quot; is split apart, and so, the structure used is {'''om''' ''[noun phrase]'' '''te''' ''[verb]''}.
* ''to'' '''run a mile'''. → '''om''' ''ŉ myl'' '''te''' ''ˈhardˌloop''.
* ''to'' '''drink water'''. → '''om''' ''ˈwater'' '''te''' ''drink''.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Determiners and Pronouns: Demonstratives&lt;/span&gt; ==
Demonstratives reference people or things based on location without directly referring to them. In basic terms, you will know them in English as 'this', 'these', 'that' and 'those'.
When they act as determiners (i.e. a noun directly follows the demonstrative), '''hierdie''' ('this/these') and '''daardie''' ('that/those') are used, both of which refer to the singular and plural, the key difference lying in the number of the noun. When pronouncing &quot;{{H:title|/ˈɦiɾi/|hierdie}}&quot; and &quot;{{H:title|/ˈdɑːɾi/|daardie}}&quot;, the '''d''' is silent.
* This dog. → Hierdie '''hond'''.
* These dogs. → Hierdie '''honde'''.
* That dog. → Daardie '''hond'''.
* Those dogs. → Daardie '''honde'''.
* '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This''' bicycle is mine.' → &quot;'''Hierdie''' fiets is myne.&quot;
One area in which you cannot use &quot;hierdie&quot; is when in reference to times of the day and with &quot;year&quot;.
* This morning. → '''Vanoggend''' (However, ''daardie oggend'')
* This afternoon. → '''Vanmiddag''' (However, ''daardie middag'')
* This evening. (''also'' &quot;Tonight&quot;) → '''Vanaand''' (However, ''daardie nag'')
* This day. (''also'' &quot;Today&quot;) → '''Vandag''' (However, ''daardie dag'')
* This year. → '''Vanjaar''' (However, ''daardie jaar'')

When the demonstratives act as pronouns (i.e. on their own), there are two different terms:
*&quot;Dit&quot; is by far the most commonly used in this role and refers to all four English demonstratives.
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This/That''' is my dog.' = &quot;'''Dit''' is my hond.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''These/Those''' are my dogs.' = &quot;'''Dit''' is my honde.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This''' is my bicycle.' = &quot;'''Dit''' is my fiets.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;He had cooked '''these'''. = &quot;Hy het '''dit''' geˈkook.&quot;

*The other two terms are &quot;dié&quot; and &quot;daai&quot;. &quot;Dié&quot; is somewhat formal, but can still be used in a pejorative context to refer to a person without mentioning them. &quot;Daai&quot; on the other hand is very common in informal (and only informal) settings to replace both &quot;dit&quot; and &quot;daardie&quot;.
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This/That''' is my uncle.' = &quot;'''Dié'''/'''Daai''' is my oom.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''These/Those''' are my uncles.' = &quot;'''Dié'''/'''Daai''' is my ooms.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;You can cook '''these'''. = &quot;Jy kan '''dié'''/'''daai''' kook.&quot;
** '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''He''' spoils everything!' = &quot;'''Dié''' beˈderf ˈalles!&quot;

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Practicality: &quot;I Like/Love...&quot; and &quot;I Need...&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ==
This section serves to fill out the practical language you may encounter or use in your daily life as well as unique constructions that Afrikaans speakers use in contrast to Anglophones.
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;I Like/Love&lt;/span&gt; ===
In approaching affection for something, English speakers use the verbs, &quot;like&quot; and &quot;love&quot;. Rather than a verb, Afrikaans uses phrases to structure these. Don't forget that the phrase structure will change if the tense does.
'To like' has the basic form of {''[PRN.]'' '''hou (daar)van'''...}.
* ''I like'' '''[noun]'''. → ''Ek hou van'' '''[noun]'''.
** ''I like'' '''her music'''. → ''Ek hou van'' '''haar musiek'''.
* ''I like'' '''[infinitive]'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''[infinitive]'''.
** ''I like'' '''to travel'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''om te reis'''.
* ''I like'' '''[infinitive] [noun]'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''[infinitive + noun]'''.
** ''I like'' '''to walk''' in the '''garden'''. → ''Ek hou ˈdaarvan'' '''om in die tuin te '''loop'''.

'To love' has the basic form of {''[PRN.]'' '''is lief (vir)'''...}.
* ''I love'' '''[noun]'''. → ''Ek is lief vir'' '''[noun]'''.
** ''I love'' '''her music'''. → ''Ek is lief vir'' '''haar musiek'''.
* ''I love'' '''[infinitive]'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''[infinitive]'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''[infinitive]'''.
** ''I love'' '''to travel'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''om te reis'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''om te reis'''.
* ''I love'' '''[infinitive] [noun]'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''[infinitive + noun]'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''[infinitive + noun]'''.
** ''I love'' '''to walk''' in the '''garden'''. → ''Ek is lief'' '''om in die tuin te loop'''.  '''OR'''  ''Ek is lief ˈdaarˌvoor'' '''om in die tuin te loop'''.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;I Need...&lt;/span&gt; ===
There are two possible constructions. These are used only for nouns and not the modal construction for verbs.
* The first construction, {''[PRN.]'' '''het''' ''[noun]'' '''ˈnodig'''...}.
** ''I need'' '''a doctor'''! → ''Ek het'' '''ŉ dokter''' ''ˈnodig''!
** ''He needs'' '''you''' to help him. → ''Hy het'' '''jou''' ''ˈnodig'' om hom te help.
* As for the second construction, {''[PRN.]'' '''beˈnodig''' ''[noun]''}, one could rather think of &quot;benodig&quot; as 'in need of'.
** ''I (am in) need (of)'' '''a doctor'''! → ''Ek beˈnodig'' '''ŉ ˈdokter'''!
** ''We (are in) need (of)'' '''textbooks'''. → ''Ons beˈnodig'' '''handboeke'''.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Chapter Vocabulary&lt;/span&gt; ==
There are very few words this lesson. After all, the examples have been quite numerous.
{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 70vmax;&quot;
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Nouns and Adjectives
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Verbs and Adverbs
 |-
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 |-
 | bathroom || ˈbadˌkamer || ''to'' use || ''om te'' geˈbruik
 |-
 | cricket || ˈkrieket || ''to'' play || ''om te'' speel
 |-
 | difficult || ˈmoeilik
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; |
 |-
 | love || ˈliefde ('''-s''') 
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; |
 |-
 | toilet || ˈtoilet ('''-te''') 
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eaecf0;&quot; |
|}

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Exercises&lt;/span&gt; ==
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise A: Swadesh Plurals&lt;/span&gt; ===
This exercise will be '''very''' hefty, but it provides a lot of practice. Below is listed all of the countable nouns found in the Swadesh list, and your task is to pluralize them all. You are certainly not obligated to learn all of the words below, rather just follow the exercise's instruction.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! THE LIST
 |-
 |
* vrou
* man
* mens
* kind
* ˈmoeder
* ˈvader
* dier
* vis
* voël
* hond
* luis
* slang
* wurm
* boom
* woud
* stok
* vrug
* saad
* blaar
* ˈwortel
* bas
* blom
* gras
* tou
* been
* {{H:title|/ˈəɪ̯.jər/|ˈeier}}
* ˈhoring
* stert
* veer
* haar
* kop
* oor
* oog
* neus
* mond
* tand
* tong
* nael
* voet
* knie
* hand
* vlerk
* maag
* ingeˈwand
* nek
* rug
* bors
* hart
* ˈlewer
* son
* maan
* ster
* reën
* riˈvier
* meer
* see
* sout
* klip
* grond
* wolk
* lug
* wind
* vuur
* as
* pad
* berg
* nag
* dag
* jaar
* naam
|}

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* '''vrou''' ('woman') → '''''ˈvroue'''''
* '''man''' ('man') → '''''ˈmanne'''''
* '''mens''' ('person') → '''''ˈmense'''''
* '''kind''' ('child') → '''''ˈkinders'''''
* '''moeder''' ('mother') → ''''''ˈmoeders'''''
* '''vader''' ('father') → '''''ˈvaders'''''
* '''dier''' ('animal') → '''''ˈdiere'''''
* '''vis''' ('fish') → '''''ˈvisse'''''
* '''voël''' ('bird') → '''''voëls'''''
* '''hond''' ('dog') → '''''ˈhonde'''''
* '''luis''' ('louse') → '''''ˈluise'''''
* '''slang''' ('snake') → '''''ˈslange'''''
* '''wurm''' ('worm') → '''''wurms'''''
* '''boom''' ('tree') → '''''ˈbome'''''
* '''woud''' ('forest') → '''''ˈwoude'''''
* '''stok''' ('stick') → '''''ˈstokke'''''
* '''vrug''' ('fruit') → '''''ˈvrugte'''''
* '''saad''' ('seed') → '''''ˈsade'''''
* '''blaar''' ('leaf') → '''''ˈblare'''''
* '''wortel''' ('carrot, root') → '''''ˈwortels'''''
* '''bas''' ('tree bark') → '''''ˈbaste'''''
* '''blom''' ('flower') → '''''ˈblomme'''''
* '''gras''' ('grass') → '''''ˈgrasse'''''
* '''tou''' ('rope') → '''''ˈtoue'''''
* '''been''' ('leg, bone') → '''''ˈbene'''''
* '''eier''' ('egg') → '''''ˈeiers'''''
* '''horing''' ('horn') → '''''ˈbote'''''
* '''stert''' ('tail') → '''''ˈsterte'''''
* '''veer''' ('feather') → '''''ˈvere'''''
* '''haar''' ('hair') → '''''ˈhare'''''
* '''kop''' ('head') → '''''ˈkoppe'''''
* '''oor''' ('ear') → '''''ˈore'''''
* '''oog''' ('eye') → '''''ˈoë'''''
* '''neus''' ('nose') → '''''ˈneuse'''''
* '''mond''' ('mouth') → '''''ˈmonde'''''
* '''tand''' ('tooth') → '''''ˈtande'''''
* '''tong''' ('tongue') → '''''ˈtonge'''''
* '''nael''' ('fingernail') → '''''ˈnaele'''''
* '''voet''' ('foot') → '''''ˈvoete'''''
* '''knie''' ('knee') → '''''ˈknieë'''''
* '''hand''' ('hand') → '''''ˈhande'''''
* '''vlerk''' ('wing') → '''''ˈvlerke'''''
* '''maag''' ('stomach') → '''''ˈmae'''''
* '''ingeˈwand''' ('gut') → '''''ingeˈwande'''''
* '''nek''' ('neck') → '''''nekke'''''
* '''rug''' ('back') → '''''rûe'''''
* '''bors''' ('chest, breast') → '''''ˈborste'''''
* '''hart''' ('heart') → '''''ˈharte'''''
* '''lewer''' ('liver') → '''''ˈlewers'''''
* '''son''' ('sun') → '''''ˈsonne'''''
* '''maan''' ('moon') → '''''ˈmane'''''
* '''ster''' ('star') → '''''ˈsterre'''''
* '''reën''' ('rain') → '''''ˈreëns'''''
* '''rivier''' ('river') → '''''ˈriviere'''''
* '''meer''' ('lake') → '''''ˈmere'''''
* '''see''' ('sea') → '''''ˈseë'''''
* '''sout''' ('salt') → '''''ˈsoute'''''
* '''klip''' ('rock') → '''''ˈklippe'''''
* '''grond''' ('earth') → '''''ˈgronde'''''
* '''wolk''' ('cloud') → '''''ˈwolke'''''
* '''lug''' ('sky, air') → '''''lugte'''''
* '''wind''' ('wind') → '''''ˈwinde'''''
* '''vuur''' ('fire') → '''''vure'''''
* '''as''' ('ash') → '''''ˈasse'''''
* '''pad''' ('road') → '''''ˈpaaie'''''
* '''berg''' ('mountain') → '''''ˈberge'''''
* '''nag''' ('night') → '''''ˈnagte'''''
* '''dag''' ('day') → '''''ˈdae'''''
* '''jaar''' ('year') → '''''ˈjare'''''
* '''naam''' ('name') → '''''ˈname'''''
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise B: Demonstratives&lt;/span&gt; ===
Determine which demonstrative would most suit the situation based on both grammar and formality.
* En ___ is my ˈoupa. ('And '''this''' is my grandfather.')
* Ja boet, ___ is my ˈmotor. ('Yeah bro, '''this''' is my car.')
* ___ tye is wild, ja? ('&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''These''' times are wild, huh?')
* Waar is Japie!? ___ ˈbeter ˈoppas! ('Where is Japie? '''He''' better watch out!')
* ___ hoede is duur! ('&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''Those''' hats are expensive!')
* ___ kat is baie mooi. ('&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''This''' cat is very pretty.')

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* En '''dit''' is my oupa.
* Ja boet, '''daai''' is my motor.
* '''Hierdie''' tye is wild, ja?
* Waar is Japie!? '''Dié''' beter oppas!
* '''Daardie''' hoede is duur!
* '''Hierdie''' kat is baie mooi.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise C: Practical Language&lt;/span&gt; ===
Translate below .
* Jy hou van my kat.
* Hy is lief daarvoor om krieket te speel.
* Ek het my vriende nodig.
* I need the toilet. Where is it?
* She loves him very much.
* I like to eat apples.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE &amp; ANSWERS
 |-
 |
* You like my cat.
* He loves to play cricket.
* I needed my friends.
* Ek het die toiˈlet nodig. Waar is dit?
* Sy is baie lief vir hom.
* Ek hou van appels te eet.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise D: Translate Into English&lt;/span&gt; ===
* To buy many rings for her.
* The bow has been used in many wars.
* Those clouds in the sky.
* I liked the food.
* Jacobus has fifteen toys. Marie has one toy.
* The cities were on the island.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Om vir haar baie ringe te koop.
* Die boog was in baie oorloë gebruik.
* Daardie wolke in die lug.
* Ek het van die kos gehou.
* Jacobus het vyftien speelgoed. Marie het een speelding.
* Die stede was op die eiland.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise E: Translate Into Afrikaans&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Die vliegtuig het twee vlerke.
* Daardie honde het my gebyt!
* Ek is lief vir katte, honde, slange en al die diere.
* Hier is kruie vir die kos.
* Sy moeder gee baie liefde.
* Dit is moeilik om hierdie briewe te skryf!

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANSWERS
 |-
 |
* The aeroplane has two wings.
* Those dog bit me!
* I love cats, dogs, snakes and all the animals.
* Here are herbs for the food.
* His mother gives much love.
* It is difficult to write these letters!
|}

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;The Next Lesson&lt;/span&gt; ==
Between this and lesson one, you have been handed a great many words to learn.
In the next lesson, we shall cover auxiliary verbs and a general word order. Good luck on your studies!
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_04|On to Lesson Four!&gt;&gt;]]'''''

If you're still feeling shaky or want to review the previous chapter:
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_02|&lt;&lt;Back to Lesson Two.]]'''''

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nrk93wmelj8ridg6xuss5k17fek6qz0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afrikaans/Lesson 04</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>101728</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088347</id>
      <parentid>3792961</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:10:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdjacentTriangle</username>
        <id>3235660</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26696" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;color: #f39; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Lesson Four: The Basics #4 — Les Vier: Die Grondbeginsels #4&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome to Afrikaans Lesson Four. There are a great number of rules and information this lesson, so it is recommended that you take things slowly and not to overload without key understanding. It's expected that you should take a while before progressing, and so, many exercises are included to get you as confident as possible.
This lesson only covers auxiliary verbs, the individual usage of each auxiliary and the general word order of Afrikaans.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Verbs: Auxiliaries&lt;/span&gt; ==
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Auxiliary Definition and Modal List&lt;/span&gt; ===
Auxiliaries tend to be a wide-branching subject. To first get one familiar with the terms,
* An ''auxiliary'' = A verb that modifies other verbs in a clause, this modification based on either tense, mood, person or number.
* A ''modal'' = A type of auxiliary that describes a potential desired occurrence.
* A ''lexical verb'' = A verb that is neither an auxiliary nor a modal.

You don't need to be completely familiar with the definitions but you must know what is a modal and what isn't. As the majority of auxiliaries are classified as modals, the ones that AREN'T are 'to be' and 'to have' ('''and ONLY in English''', 'to do'), which we covered last lesson.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 3px solid; padding: 1px; text-align: center;&quot;
 |-
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; | '''Present Tense Modal Verbs'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;13&quot; |
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; | '''Past Tense Modal Verbs'''
 |-
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Afrikaans'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''English'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Afrikaans'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''English'''
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | kan
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | can&lt;br /&gt;(to) be able (to)&lt;br /&gt;could
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | kon (het)
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | could (have)
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | sal
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | will
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | sou (het)
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | would (have)
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | shall
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | sou
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | would
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | moet
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | must
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | moes
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | should have
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | should
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | have to
 | colspan=&quot;2' | had to
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | need to
 | colspan=&quot;2' | needed to
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | mag
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | may&lt;br /&gt;might
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | dalk
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | might
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | dalk
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | may
|}

Now that you're familiar with the idea of the auxiliary, this presents us with a sort of 'verb hierarchy' in language. This is a definitive structure in verb phrases and its ordering is set in stone.
In English, we use the order:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 3px solid; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 70vmax;&quot;
 | Subject
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;½&lt;/sup&gt;''will''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''auxiliary'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''(to) have''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;''(to) be''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''lexical'''
 | Object
|}
* Here are a couple of examples:
** I &lt;sup&gt;½&lt;/sup&gt;''will'' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''run'''.
** She &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''must''' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''have'' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''forgotten'''.
** You &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''could''' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''have'' &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;''been'' a chef.
** I &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''should''' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''have'' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''won''' the prize.

One may have noticed that 'will' (&quot;sal&quot;), though technically a modal, transcends that definition when used in a sentence. No matter what, it will always be first.

The Afrikaans language has a different phrasal verb structure. If to look at the positive, notice that the only difference between the English and Afrikaans orderings is that the '''lexical''' and '''to be''' verbs have been reversed. Remember that the object in the sentence will follow the first verb.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 3px solid; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 70vmax;&quot;
 | Subject
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;½&lt;/sup&gt;''sal''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''auxiliary'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''lexical'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;''(om te) wees''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;''(om te) hê''
 | Object
|}

* And again, here are a few examples:
** Ek &lt;sup&gt;½&lt;/sup&gt;''sal'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''hardloop'''.
** Sy &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''moes''' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''vergeet''' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;''het''.
** Jy &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''kon''' ŉ sjef &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;''gewees'' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;''het''.
** Ek &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''moes''' die prys &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''gewen''' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;''het''.

Don't be fooled by sentences that state a desire for something (such as 'I wish...'). Though not completely obvious, there is a clause break and we won't be covering complex sentences for a while yet. However, with no conjunction, the sentence works as it does in English:
*'''I wish''' | I &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;had a car. → '''Ek wens''' | ek &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;het ŉ motor &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;gehad. (remember Afrikaans past tense.)
*'''I wish''' | I &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;could &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;have &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;eaten rice everyday. → '''Ek wens''' | ek &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;kon elke dag rys &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;geëet &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;het.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;English 'Infinitive Modals'&lt;/span&gt; ===
Looking at the table of modals above, one may note that some of the English modals require the usage of 'to' to denote the infinitive where this isn't the case in Afrikaans. These are 'have to', 'need to' and 'want to'. One simply needs to recall that no auxiliary in Afrikaans requires the infinitive marker.
* I ''have/need'' '''to''' run the mile. → Ek ''moet'' die myl hardloop.
** I ''had/needed'' '''to''' run the mile. → Ek ''moes'' die myl hardloop. (Remember: &quot;het&quot; does not need to be added with &quot;moes&quot;.)
** I will ''have/need'' '''to''' run the mile. → Ek sal die myl ''moet'' hardloop.
* I ''want'' '''to''' read the book. → Ek ''wil'' die boek lees.
** I ''wanted'' '''to''' read the book. → Ek ''wou'' die boek lees.
** I will ''want'' '''to''' read the book. → Ek sal die boek ''wil'' lees.

And because no auxiliary requires an infinitive marker, this brings us into a rule for triple verb clauses. Whenever there are two or more lexical verbs in a clause, &quot;om te&quot; is added to the final lexical verb. No matter the tense, the infinitive remains.
* I need '''to play''' the game ''to'' win. → Ek moet die spel '''speel''' ''om te'' wen. (&quot;speel&quot; is a lexical verb; thus: &quot;om te&quot;.)
* I will '''have to''' write the exam. → Ek sal die eksamen '''moet''' skryf. (&quot;moet&quot; is an auxiliary; thus: no &quot;om te&quot;.)
However, past three verbs in the sentence, the infinitive is added to any lexical verb that follows.
* I will '''need''' to play ''to'' win ''to'' buy tickets. → Ek sal '''moet''' speel ''om'' te wen ''om'' kaartjies ''te'' koop.
* I will '''have to''' write the exam ''to'' pass. → Ek sal die eksamen '''moet''' skryf ''om te'' slaag.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Auxiliaries: Individual Usage&lt;/span&gt; ==
Despite a general similarity to the English language, we will have to go through the auxiliaries individually in order to see correct usage in their correct contexts.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;&quot;Kan&quot; and &quot;Kon&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
'Could' in English has the ability to be used to refer to permissions, opinion and possibility of occurrence, as well as use the construction, 'to be able to'. In the instances that 'could' refers to one of things, Afrikaans uses &quot;kan&quot;, '''NOT''' &quot;kon&quot;. &quot;Kon&quot; is specifically reserved for the past tense.
* ''(Permission)'' '''Could''' I use your car? → '''Kan''' ek jou motor gebruik?
* ''(Opinion)'' I think she '''could''' do it. → Ek dink sy '''kan''' dit doen.
When expressing a possibility, we also use '''sal''' in order to show a future action.
* ''(Possibility)'' He '''could''' change the schedule. → Hy '''sal''' die skedule '''kan''' verander.
There is a small note when referring to ability; One could express it as {PRN. in staat + INF.}, and as it's exact words suggest, it describes more an abstract, general situation of being rather than a physical ability. Another translation for it is 'to be capable of'.
* ''(Ability)'' I am able to buy that bag for you. → Ek is in staat om vir jou daardie sak te koop.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;&quot;Sal&quot; and &quot;Sou&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
Like 'could', 'would' has such an ability to be used in the present context. In most instances, the Afrikaans works like the English. When referring to hypothetical situations and matters of opinion, &quot;sou&quot; is used like in English
* ''(Hypothetical)'' I '''would''' write about him. → Ek '''sou''' oor hom skryf.
* ''(Opinion)'' I thought ~ he '''would''' have kept his prize. → Ek het gedink ~ hy '''sou''' sy prys behou het.
However, when asking for something or someone to do something, &quot;sal&quot; is used. Even then, one must be careful as Afrikaans still uses other expressions depending on circumstance.
* ''(Permission)'' '''Would''' you give (to) me the package later tonight? → '''Sal''' jy later vanaand aan my die pakkie gee? (NOTE: '''give to''' → '''gee aan''')

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;&quot;Mag&quot; and &quot;Dalk&quot;/&quot;Miskien&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
In contrast to the English 'may', &quot;mag&quot; is restricted to permission and the expressing of a wish.
* ''(Permission)'' You '''may''' have the book. → Jy '''mag''' die boek hê.
* ''(Wishes)'' '''May''' God bless you! → '''Mag''' God jou seën!

Both &quot;dalk&quot; and &quot;miskien&quot; play completely different roles as auxiliaries as they technically aren't; they're both adverbs. So, instead of applying the rules that have been listed above, new ones must be considered. The two adverbs can either place directly before the main lexical verb that they are modifying or always after the first verb of the sentence. These adverbs refer to possible occurrences and actual fact in spite of the circumstances. When referring to possible occurrences, they are '''ALWAYS''' used with ''sal''. In instances when we refer to possibilities (that may already be true), &quot;sal&quot; is optional.
* ''(Possible Occurrence)'' I am afraid it '''may''' ''rain'' tomorrow. → Ek is bevrees dit '''sal''' môre '''dalk/miskien''' ''reën''. / Ek is bevrees '''dalk/miskien sal''' dit môre reën.
* I might be able to listen tonight. → Ek '''kan''' dalk vanaand luister.  '''OR'''  Ek '''sal''' dalk vanaand '''kan''' luister.
* I may have to write to the committee. → Ek '''moet''' dalk aan die komitee skryf.  '''OR'''  Ek '''sal''' dalk aan die komitee '''moet''' skryf. (NOTE: '''write to''' → '''skryf aan''')
* ''(A Possible Occurrence at Present)'' He ''may'' already '''know''' the answer. → Hy '''ken''' ''dalk'' reeds die antwoord.

The last construction concerning the usage of the English 'might' (and in this case, 'may be') is when they are used to show the 'instance' of one adjective in spite of another 'present' adjective. Afrikaans introduces this with {'''Al''' is [adj.], is...}, where '''Al''' roughly means '''al(though)'''. Notice that the second clause is introduced with the verb first: This is a very common grammatical structure in Afrikaans of which you will start seeing more next lesson.
* ''(In spite of)'' He might/maybe be old, but he is strong. → '''Al is''' hy oud, '''is''' hy sterk.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;&quot;Moet&quot;, &quot;Moes&quot; and Related Forms&lt;/span&gt; ===
Usage of the English '''should''' is a little trickier. English &quot;should&quot; can refer to a multitude of things. When indicating action or opinion, or rather, a necessity of action, &quot;moet&quot; is used to express this.
* ''(Obligation)'' I '''should''' write that document. → Ek '''moet''' daardie geskrif skryf.
* ''(Question)'' '''Should''' I prepare the chicken? → '''Moet''' ek die hoender voorberei?
However, another usage in English is to indicate a likelihood of an event. Afrikaans uses different constructions depending on this likelihood.
* The '''sal dalk/miskien''' construction of which you saw earlier to refer to 'might', indicates an uncertainty.
** ''(an expected, but inconclusive occurrence)'' The temperature '''should''' rise this week. → Die temperatuur '''sal''' hierdie week '''dalk''' styg.

* There are also two constructions which indicate a high certainty of a situation occurring. Using the verb '''behoort'''' on its own, or using the phrase, '''sal waarskynlik'''. 
* In the instance of &quot;behoort&quot;, the main verb gets the infinitive, but '''ONLY''' &quot;te&quot;.
** ''(a likely occurrence)'' The temperature '''should''' ''rise'' this week. → Die temperatuur '''behoort''' hierdie week '''te''' ''styg''.
* &quot;Waarskynlik&quot; (meaning 'likely, probably') is an adverb in this instance, so, it will usually go behind the verb it is modifying.
** ''(a likely occurrence)'' It '''should''' ('''likely''') rain tomorrow. → Dit '''sal''' môre '''waarskynlik''' reën.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Word Structure: Time, Place and Manner&lt;/span&gt; ==
As well as a general structure for verb phrases, there is a general structure for sentences. English has quite a rigid structure and deviations are usually clunky. While Afrikaans has a structure that sounds most natural, it isn't etched in stone and can easily be broken for the purpose of emphasis. As such, one should definitely not restrict their thought process to the following completely. That being said, it almost always works and is certainly the most natural. 

Afrikaans is what is referred to as a V2 language, which in short, emphasizes that statements are always restricted in having a verb appear in the second position. This means that whatever you start a sentence with, whether the subject, time, place or manner, the verb always remains in the second position. Another feature is that no matter which part you move to the front of the sentence, the rest of the order does not change. So, the general Afrikaans word order is:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 3px solid; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 70vmax;&quot;
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | (S)ubject
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Verb
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | (T)ime&lt;br /&gt;{Temporal}
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | (O)bject&lt;br /&gt;*{Noun Phrase}
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | (P)lace&lt;br /&gt;{Locative}
|}
&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''*Remember that a noun phrase includes adjectives.'''

*I ate a sandwich in the cafeteria yesterday. → Ek&lt;sup&gt;S&lt;/sup&gt; het gister&lt;sup&gt;T&lt;/sup&gt; ŉ toebroodjie&lt;sup&gt;O&lt;/sup&gt; in die kafeteria&lt;sup&gt;P&lt;/sup&gt; geëet.
*In the cafeteria, I ate a sandwich yesterday. → In die kafeteria&lt;sup&gt;P&lt;/sup&gt; '''het''' ek&lt;sup&gt;S&lt;/sup&gt; gister&lt;sup&gt;T&lt;/sup&gt; ŉ toebroodjie &lt;sup&gt;O&lt;/sup&gt; geëet.
*Yesterday, I ate a sandwich in the cafeteria. → Gister&lt;sup&gt;T&lt;/sup&gt; '''het''' ek&lt;sup&gt;S&lt;/sup&gt; ŉ toebroodjie&lt;sup&gt;O&lt;/sup&gt; in die kafeteria&lt;sup&gt;P&lt;/sup&gt; geëet.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Manner&lt;/span&gt; ===
Another structure possible is the manner which refers to adverbs and adverbial phrases. Whereas the order of the Time, Object and Place are pretty steadfast in their placement, the manner in which an action is done can be placed almost anywhere in the sentence (except after the final verb), and this has more to do with emphasis than anything else.
For instance, the numerous places an adverb could fall is:
*I quickly finished my work in the office today. → Ek het '''vandag''' ''(vinnig)'' my werk in die kantoor klaargemaak. = Emphasis is placed on the time.
*I quickly finished my work in the office today. → Ek het vandag my werk ''(vinnig)'' '''in die kantoor''' klaargemaak. = Emphasis is placed on the place.
*I quickly finished my work in the office today. → Ek het vandag my werk in die kantoor ''(vinnig)'' '''klaargemaak'''. = Emphasis is placed on the verb.
*Quickly, I finished my work in the office today. → ''Vinnig'' het ek vandag my werk in die kantoor '''klaargemaak'''. = Emphasis is (technically) on the verb.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Chapter Vocabulary&lt;/span&gt; ==
Unfortunately, you won't be spared of a lengthy wordlist this lesson. From this point on, you will probably start noticing that many verbs in Afrikaans have more specific definitions than their English counterparts, so it's important to pay attention to each definition of a word.
{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 85vmax;&quot;
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Nouns and Adjectives
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Verbs and Adverbs
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Days of the Week
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Prepositions
 |-
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 |-
 | broken (into pieces) || &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;stukkend || ''to'' attend (an event) || ''om te'' bywoon (PAST: by'''ge'''woon) || Monday || Maandag '''(-dae)''' || against&lt;br /&gt;by (time period) &lt;br /&gt;towards (time period)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; || teen
 |-
 | coat || jas '''(-se)''' || always || altyd || Tuesday || Dinsdag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | cold || koud || ''to'' change || ''om te'' verander || Wednesday || Woensdag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | committee || komitee '''(-s)''' || ''to'' complete || ''om te'' voltooi (PAST: '''voltooi''') || Thursday || Donderdag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | easy || maklik || ''to'' drop (of the temperature) || ''om te'' daal || Friday || Vrydag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | garlic || knoffel || ''to'' get (any sort of object)&lt;br /&gt;''to'' find (an object) || ''om te'' kry || Saterday || Saterdag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | hot&lt;br /&gt;warm || warm || ''to'' finish || ''om te'' klaarmaak (PAST: klaar'''ge'''maak) || Sunday || Sondag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | ingredient || bestanddeel '''(-dele)''' || ''to'' grow (plant-based material) || ''om te'' kweek
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | minced meat || maalvleis || ''to'' leave (an object or person) || ''om te'' los
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | '''(il)'''legal || '''(on)'''wettig || ''to'' open (something) || ''om te'' oopmaak (PAST: oop'''ge'''maak)
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | office || kantoor '''(-ore)''' || ''to'' pay || ''om te'' betaal
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | over (''to be finished'') || verby || ''to'' rise (of the temperature) || ''om te'' styg
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | picture || prent '''(-e)''' || ''to'' shine ''(an object)''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;sup/&gt; || ''om te'' skyn ''(met)''
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | pepper || peper || ''to'' say || ''om te'' sê
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | ready || gereed || ''to'' take  (an object) || ''om te'' neem
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | salt || sout || ''to'' tell (someone)&lt;br /&gt;''to'' tell (expound on something)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; || ''om te'' sê ''(vir)''&lt;br /&gt;''om te'' vertel&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | situation || situasie '''(-s)'''
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | street || straat '''(-ate)'''
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | tonight || vanaand
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | tepid || lou
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | trip&lt;br /&gt;journey || reis '''(-e)''' || ''to'' journey || ''om te'' reis
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | wedding || troue '''(-s)''' || ''to'' marry || ''om te'' trou ''(met)''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;sup/&gt;
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | weekend || naweek '''(-weke)'''
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | yesterday || gister
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
|}
# '''Stukkend''' = Refers to objects that have either broken into fragments (''e.g.'' '''glass''') or of objects that have had their inner parts break (''e.g.'' '''a vehicle''').
# '''Teen''' = 'By' in such a context means 'until [a time period]'; And when referring to 'towards', the definite article must follow.
#* '''By''' the weekend → '''Teen''' die naweek.
#* '''By''' tonight → '''Teen''' vanaand.
#* '''Towards''' the morning. → '''Teen''' die oggend.
# '''Vertel''' = This is used when expounding on things (''e.g.'' '''stories or information tracts''') as opposed to telling someone something short.
# '''Skyn''' &amp; '''Trou''' ''met'' = When one shines using something that's physical such as a torch, lantern or light, &quot;met&quot; must be used.
#* He shone his lamp. → Hy het '''met''' sy lamp geskyn.
#* He married a Frenchwoman. → Hy het '''met''' ŉ Franse vrou getrou.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Exercises&lt;/span&gt; ==
'''NOTE: In these exercises, we only use &quot;dalk&quot; instead of &quot;miskien&quot; for convenience's sake.'''

It's recommended you do these exercises multiple times over for the best chance at a natural grasp of the material.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise A: 'Can' and 'Could'&lt;/span&gt; ===
* I can prepare the food tonight.
* I am able to speak now.
* We could go later in the day.
* They could give us water.
* You could have said!
* I could listen to this music all day.
* I can leave the picture here.
* Could you tell him to keep the letter?

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Ek kan vanaand die kos voorberei.
* Ek kan nou praat.
* Ons sal later in die dag kan gaan.
* Hulle sal vir ons water kan gee.
* Jy kon gesê het!
* Ek kan heeldag na hierdie musiek luister.
* I can leave the picture here.
* Ek kan die prent hier los.
* Kan jy vir hom sê om die brief te behou?
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise B: 'Will' and 'Would'&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Would he open the door for us?
* I would take this.
* Would he tell the neighbours about the committee?
* He would always do everything for me.
* Would he spoil the prize?

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Sou hy die deur vir ons oopmaak?
* Ek sou dit neem.
* Sal hy vir die bure oor die komitee sê?
* Hy sou vir my alles altyd doen.
* Sal hy die prys bederf?
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise C: 'Must' and 'Should'&lt;/span&gt; ===
For these exercises, 'should' in italics shows that the speaker is unsure.
* Maybe we should have talked to him.
* You should look for your coat.
* The rain ''should'' be over by the weekend.
* She should be ready for the party.
* I should be in the café today.
* We need to talk to him about the situation.
* Should we reply?
* You (pl.) ''should'' see him.
* This should be illegal!!!

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Miskien moes ons met hom gepraat het.
* Jy moet jou jas soek.
* Die reën sal dalk teen die naweek verby wees.
* ''She should be ready for the party.''
** Sy behoort vir die partytjie gereed te wees.
** Sy sal vir die partytjie waarskynlik gereed wees.
* ''I should be in the café today.''
** Ek behoort vandag in die kafee te wees.
** Ek sal vandag in die kafee waarskynlik wees.
* Ons moet met hom oor die situasie praat.
* Moet ons antwoord?
* Julle sal hom dalk sien.
* Dit moet onwettig wees!!!
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise D: 'May' and 'Might'&lt;/span&gt; ===
* She might be young, but she understand physics!
* He might know where we can buy carrots.
* You might like it.
* His trees might grow fruit.
* He might be busy in the office now.
{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Al is sy jonk, verstaan sy fisika.
* Hy weet waar ons wortels dalk kan koop.
* Jy sal daarvan dalk hou.
* Sy bome sal dalk vrugte dra.
* Hy sal nou besig in die kantoor dalk wees.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise E: Infinitives and Modals&lt;/span&gt; ===
* He might have to use your car.
* I should be able to pay for the food.
* We will be able to attend your wedding.
* They might pay for his trip to work overseas.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Hy sal jou motor dalk moet gebruik.
* Ek behoort vir die kos te kan betaal.
* Ons sal jou troue kan bywoon.
* Hulle sal dalk vir sy reis betaal om oorsee te werk. (Read carefully.)
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise F: Translate Into English&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Hulle moet kampioene wees, maar hul is te lui!
* Jy moet by die see kom woon! Die lug is vars en goed vir jou gesondheid!
* Hy het ons met sy dade geseën.
* Ek kan ''Oorlog en Vrede'' lees, maar die boek is vir my te lank!
* Mag die son môre weer skyn.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* They should be champions, but they are too lazy!
* You should come live by the sea! The air is fresh and good for your health.
* He had blessed us with his deeds.
* I could read ''War and Peace'', but the book is too long for me!
* May the sun shine again tomorrow.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise G: Translate Into Afrikaans&lt;/span&gt; ===
* I wanted to write her a poem yesterday, but every pencil of mine was broken.
* They are busy working on the houses in this street. (NOTE: '''work on''' → '''werk aan''')
* You should easily find him in the garden.
* Could you please give me your books?
* I will buy many ingredients for the food tonight. I think we might need herbs, minced meat, garlic, salt and pepper.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 55vmax;&quot;
 ! ANSWERS
 |-
 |
* Ek wou gister ŉ gedig vir haar geskryf het, maar elke potlood van my was stekkend.
* Hulle is besig om aan die huise in hierdie straat te werk.
* Jy behoort hom in die tuin maklik te vind.
* Kan jy asseblief aan my jou boeke gee?
* Ek sal vandag vir die kos baie bestanddele koop. Ek dink ons sal miskien kruie, maalvleis, knoffel, sout en peper benodig.
|}

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;The Next Lesson&lt;/span&gt; ==
Congratulations for making it to the end! This lesson will be a great test, there is no doubt, but once you've mastered its forms, so much more will feel easier. At this point, you're not far from a total of 300 words in your vocabulary.
In the next lesson, we shall cover questions, interrogative pronouns, prepositions, and cardinal numbers over 20. Good luck on your studies!
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_05|On to Lesson Five!&gt;&gt;]]'''''

If you're still feeling shaky or want to review the previous chapter:
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_03|&lt;&lt;Back to Lesson Three.]]'''''

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>l0a2vedylk7li66p9zf1k29tarlhup1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088355</id>
      <parentid>4088347</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:49:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdjacentTriangle</username>
        <id>3235660</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26803" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;color: #f39; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Lesson Four: The Basics #4 — Les Vier: Die Grondbeginsels #4&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome to Afrikaans Lesson Four. There are a great number of rules and information this lesson, so it is recommended that you take things slowly and not to overload without key understanding. It's expected that you should take a while before progressing, and so, many exercises are included to get you as confident as possible.
This lesson only covers auxiliary verbs, the individual usage of each auxiliary and the general word order of Afrikaans.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Verbs: Auxiliaries&lt;/span&gt; ==
=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Auxiliary Definition and Modal List&lt;/span&gt; ===
Auxiliaries tend to be a wide-branching subject. To first get one familiar with the terms,
* An ''auxiliary'' = A verb that modifies other verbs in a clause, this modification based on either tense, mood, person or number.
* A ''modal'' = A type of auxiliary that describes a potential desired occurrence.
* A ''lexical verb'' = A verb that is neither an auxiliary nor a modal.

You don't need to be completely familiar with the definitions but you must know what is a modal and what isn't. As the majority of auxiliaries are classified as modals, the ones that AREN'T are 'to be' and 'to have' ('''and ONLY in English''', 'to do'), which we covered last lesson.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 3px solid; padding: 1px; text-align: center;&quot;
 |-
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; | '''Present Tense Modal Verbs'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;13&quot; |
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; | '''Past Tense Modal Verbs'''
 |-
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Afrikaans'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''English'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Afrikaans'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''English'''
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | kan
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | can&lt;br /&gt;(to) be able (to)&lt;br /&gt;could
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | kon (het)
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | could (have)
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | sal
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | will
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | sou (het)
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | would (have)
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | shall
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | sou
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | would
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | moet
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | must
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | moes
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | should have
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | should
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | have to
 | colspan=&quot;2' | had to
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | need to
 | colspan=&quot;2' | needed to
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | mag
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | may&lt;br /&gt;might
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | dalk
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot;; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | might
 |-
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | dalk
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | may
|}

Now that you're familiar with the idea of the auxiliary, this presents us with a sort of 'verb hierarchy' in language. This is a definitive structure in verb phrases and its ordering is set in stone.
In English, we use the order:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 3px solid; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 70vmax;&quot;
 | Subject
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;½&lt;/sup&gt;''will''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''auxiliary'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''(to) have''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;''(to) be''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''lexical'''
 | Object
|}
* Here are a couple of examples:
** I &lt;sup&gt;½&lt;/sup&gt;''will'' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''run'''.
** She &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''must''' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''have'' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''forgotten'''.
** You &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''could''' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''have'' &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;''been'' a chef.
** I &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''should''' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''have'' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''won''' the prize.

One may have noticed that 'will' (&quot;sal&quot;), though technically a modal, transcends that definition when used in a sentence. No matter what, it will always be first.

The Afrikaans language has a different phrasal verb structure. If to look at the positive, notice that the only difference between the English and Afrikaans orderings is that the '''lexical''' and '''to be''' verbs have been reversed. Remember that the object in the sentence will follow the first verb.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 3px solid; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 70vmax;&quot;
 | Subject
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;½&lt;/sup&gt;''sal''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''auxiliary'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''lexical'''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;''(om te) wees''
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;''(om te) hê''
 | Object
|}

* And again, here are a few examples:
** Ek &lt;sup&gt;½&lt;/sup&gt;''sal'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''hardloop'''.
** Sy &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''moes''' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''vergeet''' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;''het''.
** Jy &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''kon''' ŉ sjef &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;''gewees'' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;''het''.
** Ek &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''moes''' die prys &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''gewen''' &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;''het''.

Don't be fooled by sentences that state a desire for something (such as 'I wish...'). Though not completely obvious, there is a clause break and we won't be covering complex sentences for a while yet. However, with no conjunction, the sentence works as it does in English:
*'''I wish''' | I &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;had a car. → '''Ek wens''' | ek &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;het ŉ motor &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;gehad. (remember Afrikaans past tense.)
*'''I wish''' | I &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;could &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;have &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;eaten rice everyday. → '''Ek wens''' | ek &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;kon elke dag rys &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;geëet &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;het.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;English 'Infinitive Modals'&lt;/span&gt; ===
Looking at the table of modals above, one may note that some of the English modals require the usage of 'to' to denote the infinitive where this isn't the case in Afrikaans. These are 'have to', 'need to' and 'want to'. One simply needs to recall that no auxiliary in Afrikaans requires the infinitive marker.
* I ''have/need'' '''to''' run the mile. → Ek ''moet'' die myl hardloop.
** I ''had/needed'' '''to''' run the mile. → Ek ''moes'' die myl hardloop. (Remember: &quot;het&quot; does not need to be added with &quot;moes&quot;.)
** I will ''have/need'' '''to''' run the mile. → Ek sal die myl ''moet'' hardloop.
* I ''want'' '''to''' read the book. → Ek ''wil'' die boek lees.
** I ''wanted'' '''to''' read the book. → Ek ''wou'' die boek lees.
** I will ''want'' '''to''' read the book. → Ek sal die boek ''wil'' lees.

And because no auxiliary requires an infinitive marker, this brings us into a rule for triple verb clauses. Whenever there are two or more lexical verbs in a clause, &quot;om te&quot; is added to the final lexical verb. No matter the tense, the infinitive remains.
* I need '''to play''' the game ''to'' win. → Ek moet die spel '''speel''' ''om te'' wen. (&quot;speel&quot; is a lexical verb; thus: &quot;om te&quot;.)
* I will '''have to''' write the exam. → Ek sal die eksamen '''moet''' skryf. (&quot;moet&quot; is an auxiliary; thus: no &quot;om te&quot;.)
However, past three verbs in the sentence, the infinitive is added to any lexical verb that follows.
* I will '''need''' to play ''to'' win ''to'' buy tickets. → Ek sal '''moet''' speel ''om'' te wen ''om'' kaartjies ''te'' koop.
* I will '''have to''' write the exam ''to'' pass. → Ek sal die eksamen '''moet''' skryf ''om te'' slaag.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Auxiliaries: Individual Usage&lt;/span&gt; ==
Despite a general similarity to the English language, we will have to go through the auxiliaries individually in order to see correct usage in their correct contexts.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;&quot;Kan&quot; and &quot;Kon&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
'Could' in English has the ability to be used to refer to permissions, opinion and possibility of occurrence, as well as use the construction, 'to be able to'. In the instances that 'could' refers to one of things, Afrikaans uses &quot;kan&quot;, '''NOT''' &quot;kon&quot;. &quot;Kon&quot; is specifically reserved for the past tense.
* ''(Permission)'' '''Could''' I use your car? → '''Kan''' ek jou motor gebruik?
* ''(Opinion)'' I think she '''could''' do it. → Ek dink sy '''kan''' dit doen.
When expressing a possibility, we also use '''sal''' in order to show a future action.
* ''(Possibility)'' He '''could''' change the schedule. → Hy '''sal''' die skedule '''kan''' verander.
There is a small note when referring to ability; One could express it as {PRN. in staat + INF.}, and as it's exact words suggest, it describes more an abstract, general situation of being rather than a physical ability. Another translation for it is 'to be capable of'.
* ''(Ability)'' I am able to buy that bag for you. → Ek is in staat om vir jou daardie sak te koop.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;&quot;Sal&quot; and &quot;Sou&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
Like 'could', 'would' has such an ability to be used in the present context. In most instances, the Afrikaans works like the English. When referring to hypothetical situations and matters of opinion, &quot;sou&quot; is used like in English
* ''(Hypothetical)'' I '''would''' write about him. → Ek '''sou''' oor hom skryf.
* ''(Opinion)'' I thought ~ he '''would''' have kept his prize. → Ek het gedink ~ hy '''sou''' sy prys behou het.
However, when asking for something or someone to do something, &quot;sal&quot; is used. Even then, one must be careful as Afrikaans still uses other expressions depending on circumstance.
* ''(Permission)'' '''Would''' you give (to) me the package later tonight? → '''Sal''' jy later vanaand aan my die pakkie gee? (NOTE: '''give to''' → '''gee aan''')

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;&quot;Mag&quot; and &quot;Dalk&quot;/&quot;Miskien&quot;&lt;/span&gt; ===
In contrast to the English 'may', &quot;mag&quot; is restricted to permission and the expressing of a wish.
* ''(Permission)'' You '''may''' have the book. → Jy '''mag''' die boek hê.
* ''(Wishes)'' '''May''' God bless you! → '''Mag''' God jou seën!

Both &quot;dalk&quot; and &quot;miskien&quot; play completely different roles as auxiliaries as they technically aren't; they're both adverbs. So, instead of applying the rules that have been listed above, new ones must be considered. The two adverbs can either place directly before the main lexical verb that they are modifying or always after the first verb of the sentence. These adverbs refer to possible occurrences and actual fact in spite of the circumstances. When referring to possible occurrences, they are '''ALWAYS''' used with ''sal''. In instances when we refer to possibilities (that may already be true), &quot;sal&quot; is optional.
* ''(Possible Occurrence)'' I am afraid it '''may''' ''rain'' tomorrow. → Ek is bevrees dit '''sal''' môre '''dalk/miskien''' ''reën''. / Ek is bevrees '''dalk/miskien sal''' dit môre reën.
* I might be able to listen tonight. → Ek '''kan''' dalk vanaand luister.  '''OR'''  Ek '''sal''' dalk vanaand '''kan''' luister.
* I may have to write to the committee. → Ek '''moet''' dalk aan die komitee skryf.  '''OR'''  Ek '''sal''' dalk aan die komitee '''moet''' skryf. (NOTE: '''write to''' → '''skryf aan''')
* ''(A Possible Occurrence at Present)'' He ''may'' already '''know''' the answer. → Hy '''ken''' ''dalk'' reeds die antwoord.

The last construction concerning the usage of the English 'might' (and in this case, 'may be') is when they are used to show the 'instance' of one adjective in spite of another 'present' adjective. Afrikaans introduces this with {'''Al''' is [adj.], is...}, where '''Al''' roughly means '''al(though)'''. Notice that the second clause is introduced with the verb first: This is a very common grammatical structure in Afrikaans of which you will start seeing more next lesson.
* ''(In spite of)'' He might/maybe be old, but he is strong. → '''Al is''' hy oud, '''is''' hy sterk.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;&quot;Moet&quot;, &quot;Moes&quot; and Related Forms&lt;/span&gt; ===
Usage of the English '''should''' is a little trickier. English &quot;should&quot; can refer to a multitude of things. When indicating action or opinion, or rather, a necessity of action, &quot;moet&quot; is used to express this.
* ''(Obligation)'' I '''should''' write that document. → Ek '''moet''' daardie geskrif skryf.
* ''(Question)'' '''Should''' I prepare the chicken? → '''Moet''' ek die hoender voorberei?
However, another usage in English is to indicate a likelihood of an event. Afrikaans uses different constructions depending on this likelihood.
* The '''sal dalk/miskien''' construction of which you saw earlier to refer to 'might', indicates an uncertainty.
** ''(an expected, but inconclusive occurrence)'' The temperature '''should''' rise this week. → Die temperatuur '''sal''' hierdie week '''dalk''' styg.

* There are also two constructions which indicate a high certainty of a situation occurring. Using the verb '''behoort'''' on its own, or using the phrase, '''sal waarskynlik'''. 
* In the instance of &quot;behoort&quot;, the main verb gets the infinitive, but '''ONLY''' &quot;te&quot;.
** ''(a likely occurrence)'' The temperature '''should''' ''rise'' this week. → Die temperatuur '''behoort''' hierdie week '''te''' ''styg''.
* &quot;Waarskynlik&quot; (meaning 'likely, probably') is an adverb in this instance, so, it will usually go behind the verb it is modifying.
** ''(a likely occurrence)'' It '''should''' ('''likely''') rain tomorrow. → Dit '''sal''' môre '''waarskynlik''' reën.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Word Structure: Time, Place and Manner&lt;/span&gt; ==
As well as a general structure for verb phrases, there is a general structure for sentences. English has quite a rigid structure and deviations are usually clunky. While Afrikaans has a structure that sounds most natural, it isn't etched in stone and can easily be broken for the purpose of emphasis. As such, one should definitely not restrict their thought process to the following completely. That being said, it almost always works and is certainly the most natural. 

Afrikaans is what is referred to as a V2 language, which in short, emphasizes that statements are always restricted in having a verb appear in the second position. This means that whatever you start a sentence with, whether the subject, time, place or manner, the verb always remains in the second position. Another feature is that no matter which part you move to the front of the sentence, the rest of the order does not change. So, the general Afrikaans word order is:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 3px solid; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 70vmax;&quot;
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | (S)ubject
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Verb
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | (T)ime&lt;br /&gt;{Temporal}
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | (O)bject&lt;br /&gt;*{Noun Phrase}
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | (P)lace&lt;br /&gt;{Locative}
|}
&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''*Remember that a noun phrase includes adjectives.'''

*I ate a sandwich in the cafeteria yesterday. → Ek&lt;sup&gt;S&lt;/sup&gt; het gister&lt;sup&gt;T&lt;/sup&gt; ŉ toebroodjie&lt;sup&gt;O&lt;/sup&gt; in die kafeteria&lt;sup&gt;P&lt;/sup&gt; geëet.
*In the cafeteria, I ate a sandwich yesterday. → In die kafeteria&lt;sup&gt;P&lt;/sup&gt; '''het''' ek&lt;sup&gt;S&lt;/sup&gt; gister&lt;sup&gt;T&lt;/sup&gt; ŉ toebroodjie &lt;sup&gt;O&lt;/sup&gt; geëet.
*Yesterday, I ate a sandwich in the cafeteria. → Gister&lt;sup&gt;T&lt;/sup&gt; '''het''' ek&lt;sup&gt;S&lt;/sup&gt; ŉ toebroodjie&lt;sup&gt;O&lt;/sup&gt; in die kafeteria&lt;sup&gt;P&lt;/sup&gt; geëet.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Manner&lt;/span&gt; ===
Another structure possible is the manner which refers to adverbs and adverbial phrases. Whereas the order of the Time, Object and Place are pretty steadfast in their placement, the manner in which an action is done can be placed almost anywhere in the sentence (except after the final verb), and this has more to do with emphasis than anything else.
For instance, the numerous places an adverb could fall is:
*I quickly finished my work in the office today. → Ek het '''vandag''' ''(vinnig)'' my werk in die kantoor klaargemaak. = Emphasis is placed on the time.
*I quickly finished my work in the office today. → Ek het vandag my werk ''(vinnig)'' '''in die kantoor''' klaargemaak. = Emphasis is placed on the place.
*I quickly finished my work in the office today. → Ek het vandag my werk in die kantoor ''(vinnig)'' '''klaargemaak'''. = Emphasis is placed on the verb.
*Quickly, I finished my work in the office today. → ''Vinnig'' het ek vandag my werk in die kantoor '''klaargemaak'''. = Emphasis is (technically) on the verb.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Chapter Vocabulary&lt;/span&gt; ==
Unfortunately, you won't be spared of a lengthy wordlist this lesson. From this point on, you will probably start noticing that many verbs in Afrikaans have more specific definitions than their English counterparts, so it's important to pay attention to each definition of a word.
{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 85vmax;&quot;
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Nouns and Adjectives
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Verbs and Adverbs
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Days of the Week
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Prepositions
 |-
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | English
 ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Afrikaans
 |-
 | broken (into pieces) || &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;stukkend || ''to'' attend (an event) || ''om te'' bywoon (PAST: by'''ge'''woon) || Monday || Maandag '''(-dae)''' || against&lt;br /&gt;by (time period) &lt;br /&gt;towards (time period)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; || teen
 |-
 | coat || jas '''(-se)''' || always || altyd || Tuesday || Dinsdag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | cold || koud || ''to'' change || ''om te'' verander || Wednesday || Woensdag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | committee || komitee '''(-s)''' || ''to'' complete || ''om te'' voltooi (PAST: '''voltooi''') || Thursday || Donderdag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | easy || maklik || ''to'' cultivate; (for someone) to grow (plants) || ''om te'' kweek || Friday || Vrydag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | garlic || knoffel || ''to'' drop (of the temperature) || ''om te'' daal || Saterday || Saterdag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | hot&lt;br /&gt;warm || warm || ''to'' carry&lt;br /&gt;''to'' wear (attire)&lt;br /&gt;''to'' bear fruit (of a tree) || ''om te'' dra || Sunday || Sondag '''(-dae)'''
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | ingredient || bestanddeel '''(-dele)''' || ''to'' get (any sort of object)&lt;br /&gt;''to'' find (an object) || ''om te'' kry
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | minced meat || maalvleis || ''to'' finish || ''om te'' klaarmaak (PAST: klaar'''ge'''maak)
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | '''(il)'''legal || '''(on)'''wettig || ''to'' leave (an object or person) || ''om te'' los
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | office || kantoor '''(-ore)''' || ''to'' open (something) || ''om te'' oopmaak (PAST: oop'''ge'''maak)
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | over (''to be finished'') || verby || ''to'' pay || ''om te'' betaal
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | picture || prent '''(-e)''' || ''to'' rise (of the temperature) || ''om te'' styg
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | pepper || peper || ''to'' shine ''(an object)''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;sup/&gt; || ''om te'' skyn ''(met)''
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | ready || gereed || ''to'' say || ''om te'' sê
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | salt || sout || ''to'' take  (an object) || ''om te'' neem
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | situation || situasie '''(-s)''' || ''to'' tell (someone)&lt;br /&gt;''to'' tell (expound on something)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; || ''om te'' sê ''(vir)''&lt;br /&gt;''om te'' vertel&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | street || straat '''(-ate)'''
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | tonight || vanaand
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | tepid || lou
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | trip&lt;br /&gt;journey || reis '''(-e)''' || ''to'' journey || ''om te'' reis
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | wedding || troue '''(-s)''' || ''to'' marry || ''om te'' trou ''(met)''&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;sup/&gt;
 | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | weekend || naweek '''(-weke)'''
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
 | yesterday || gister
 | colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
 |-
|}
# '''Stukkend''' = Refers to objects that have either broken into fragments (''e.g.'' '''glass''') or of objects that have had their inner parts break (''e.g.'' '''a vehicle''').
# '''Teen''' = 'By' in such a context means 'until [a time period]'; And when referring to 'towards', the definite article must follow.
#* '''By''' the weekend → '''Teen''' die naweek.
#* '''By''' tonight → '''Teen''' vanaand.
#* '''Towards''' the morning. → '''Teen''' die oggend.
# '''Vertel''' = This is used when expounding on things (''e.g.'' '''stories or information tracts''') as opposed to telling someone something short.
# '''Skyn''' &amp; '''Trou''' ''met'' = When one shines using something that's physical such as a torch, lantern or light, &quot;met&quot; must be used.
#* He shone his lamp. → Hy het '''met''' sy lamp geskyn.
#* He married a Frenchwoman. → Hy het '''met''' ŉ Franse vrou getrou.

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Exercises&lt;/span&gt; ==
'''NOTE: In these exercises, we only use &quot;dalk&quot; instead of &quot;miskien&quot; for convenience's sake.'''

It's recommended you do these exercises multiple times over for the best chance at a natural grasp of the material.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise A: 'Can' and 'Could'&lt;/span&gt; ===
* I can prepare the food tonight.
* I am able to speak now.
* We could go later in the day.
* They could give us water.
* You could have said!
* I could listen to this music all day.
* I can leave the picture here.
* Could you tell him to keep the letter?

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Ek kan vanaand die kos voorberei.
* Ek kan nou praat.
* Ons sal later in die dag kan gaan.
* Hulle sal vir ons water kan gee.
* Jy kon gesê het!
* Ek kan heeldag na hierdie musiek luister.
* I can leave the picture here.
* Ek kan die prent hier los.
* Kan jy vir hom sê om die brief te behou?
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise B: 'Will' and 'Would'&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Would he open the door for us?
* I would take this.
* Would he tell the neighbours about the committee?
* He would always do everything for me.
* Would he spoil the prize?

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Sou hy die deur vir ons oopmaak?
* Ek sou dit neem.
* Sal hy vir die bure oor die komitee sê?
* Hy sou vir my alles altyd doen.
* Sal hy die prys bederf?
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise C: 'Must' and 'Should'&lt;/span&gt; ===
For these exercises, 'should' in italics shows that the speaker is unsure.
* Maybe we should have talked to him.
* You should look for your coat.
* The rain ''should'' be over by the weekend.
* She should be ready for the party.
* I should be in the café today.
* We need to talk to him about the situation.
* Should we reply?
* You (pl.) ''should'' see him.
* This should be illegal!!!

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Miskien moes ons met hom gepraat het.
* Jy moet jou jas soek.
* Die reën sal dalk teen die naweek verby wees.
* ''She should be ready for the party.''
** Sy behoort vir die partytjie gereed te wees.
** Sy sal vir die partytjie waarskynlik gereed wees.
* ''I should be in the café today.''
** Ek behoort vandag in die kafee te wees.
** Ek sal vandag in die kafee waarskynlik wees.
* Ons moet met hom oor die situasie praat.
* Moet ons antwoord?
* Julle sal hom dalk sien.
* Dit moet onwettig wees!!!
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise D: 'May' and 'Might'&lt;/span&gt; ===
* She might be young, but she understand physics!
* He might know where we can buy carrots.
* You might like it.
* His trees might grow fruit.
* He might be busy in the office now.
{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Al is sy jonk, verstaan sy fisika.
* Hy weet waar ons wortels dalk kan koop.
* Jy sal daarvan dalk hou.
* Sy bome sal dalk vrugte dra.
* Hy sal nou besig in die kantoor dalk wees.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise E: Infinitives and Modals&lt;/span&gt; ===
* He might have to use your car.
* I should be able to pay for the food.
* We will be able to attend your wedding.
* They might pay for his trip to work overseas.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* Hy sal jou motor dalk moet gebruik.
* Ek behoort vir die kos te kan betaal.
* Ons sal jou troue kan bywoon.
* Hulle sal dalk vir sy reis betaal om oorsee te werk. (Read carefully.)
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise F: Translate Into English&lt;/span&gt; ===
* Hulle moet kampioene wees, maar hul is te lui!
* Jy moet by die see kom woon! Die lug is vars en goed vir jou gesondheid!
* Hy het ons met sy dade geseën.
* Ek kan ''Oorlog en Vrede'' lees, maar die boek is vir my te lank!
* Mag die son môre weer skyn.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50vmax;&quot;
 ! ANTWOORDE
 |-
 |
* They should be champions, but they are too lazy!
* You should come live by the sea! The air is fresh and good for your health.
* He had blessed us with his deeds.
* I could read ''War and Peace'', but the book is too long for me!
* May the sun shine again tomorrow.
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #f39;&quot;&gt;Exercise G: Translate Into Afrikaans&lt;/span&gt; ===
* I wanted to write her a poem yesterday, but every pencil of mine was broken.
* They are busy working on the houses in this street. (NOTE: '''work on''' → '''werk aan''')
* You should easily find him in the garden.
* Could you please give me your books?
* I will buy many ingredients for the food tonight. I think we might need herbs, minced meat, garlic, salt and pepper.

{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 55vmax;&quot;
 ! ANSWERS
 |-
 |
* Ek wou gister ŉ gedig vir haar geskryf het, maar elke potlood van my was stekkend.
* Hulle is besig om aan die huise in hierdie straat te werk.
* Jy behoort hom in die tuin maklik te vind.
* Kan jy asseblief aan my jou boeke gee?
* Ek sal vandag vir die kos baie bestanddele koop. Ek dink ons sal miskien kruie, maalvleis, knoffel, sout en peper benodig.
|}

== &lt;span style=&quot;color: #c60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;The Next Lesson&lt;/span&gt; ==
Congratulations for making it to the end! This lesson will be a great test, there is no doubt, but once you've mastered its forms, so much more will feel easier. At this point, you're not far from a total of 300 words in your vocabulary.
In the next lesson, we shall cover questions, interrogative pronouns, prepositions, and cardinal numbers over 20. Good luck on your studies!
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_05|On to Lesson Five!&gt;&gt;]]'''''

If you're still feeling shaky or want to review the previous chapter:
&lt;br /&gt;
::'''''[[Afrikaans/Lesson_03|&lt;&lt;Back to Lesson Three.]]'''''

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ioolmsxe67jrzedotpe1hdyfctql8ih</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Spanish/Lessons/¿Cómo te llamas?</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>105195</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088259</id>
      <parentid>4031791</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:59:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Buenas noches.ogg]] → [[File:Es-buenas noches.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17012" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Alfonso X el Sabio y su corte.jpg|80px|left|Geometría]][[File:Quijote-2.jpg|right|70px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0 85px; padding:1ex; background-color:#D5FD87; color:#069; border:1px solid #069; font-size:230%; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;Lesson 1&amp;nbsp;– ¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Segovia Aqueduct.JPG|right|200px|thumb|The aqueduct of Segovia.]]
__FORCETOC__

== Dialogue ==
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hola! Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Hola, Juanito. Me llamo Sofía. ¿Cómo se escribe tu nombre?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O. ¿Qué tal?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Bien. ¿Y tú?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Fenomenal, gracias.}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|¡Qué fantástico! Adiós, Juanito.}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hasta luego!}}''
[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Dialogue|Translation]] (wait until the end of the lesson).

== Hello! ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¡Hola!|Hello!|2}}
! Inglés
! Español (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Media help (Ogg)|help]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Hello
| [[wikt:hola|Hola]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good morning!
| rowspan=2 | [[wikt:buenos días|¡Buenos días!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Buenos días.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good day!
|-
| Good afternoon!
| [[wikt:buenas tardes|¡Buenas tardes!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Buenas tardes.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good night!
| [[wikt:buenas noches|¡Buenas noches!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you later!
| [[wikt:hasta luego|¡Hasta luego!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you tomorrow!
| [[wikt:hasta mañana|¡Hasta mañana!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Goodbye
| [[wikt:adiós|Adiós]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-adiós.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|}

; Notes
* ''[[wikt:hasta#Spanish|Hasta]]'' means &quot;until&quot;; ''[[wikt:luego#Spanish|luego]]'' means &quot;then&quot;; you can translate it as &quot;see you later&quot; or &quot;see you soon&quot;. In the same vein, ''[[wikt:hasta mañana|hasta mañana]]'' means &quot;see you tomorrow&quot;.
* Note the upside-down exclamation (¡) and question marks (¿); you will learn more about them in [[Spanish/Lessons/Introducción a la gramática#Questions and Exclamations|lesson three]].

; Examples
* ''¡Buenos días, clase!''
*: Good morning, class!
* ''Hola, ¿Cómo están hoy?''
*: Hello, how are you today?
* ''Adiós, ¡hasta luego!''
*: Goodbye, see you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Hello!|Go to the exercise]].

== What's your name? ==
To ask someone else's name in Spanish, use ''[[wikt:cómo|cómo]]'', then one of the phrases in the table below (''¿Cómo te llamas?'' is &quot;What's your name?&quot; (literally How do you call yourself?). You can also say ¿Cuál es tu nombre? Here the word “cuál” means &quot;which one&quot;.

In Spanish, to say your name, you use the reflexive verb ''[[wikt:llamarse|llamarse]]'', which means literally ''to call oneself'' (''Me llamo Juanito'' is &quot;I call myself Juanito&quot;) meaning &quot;My name is Juanito&quot;.
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Verb|Llamarse|To call oneself|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
| I am called (I call myself)
| Me llamo
|-
| You (familiar/informal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
| Te llamas
|-
| He/She is called (He/She calls him/herself)
|rowspan=2 | Se llama
|-
| You (formal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
|-
| We are called (We call ourselves)
| Nos llamamos
|-
| You (familiar/informal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
| Os llamáis
|-
| They are called (They call themselves)
|rowspan=2 | Se llaman
|-
| You (formal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
|}
; Notes
*&quot;Os llamáis&quot; is only used in Spain. In Latin America, &quot;Se llaman&quot; is used for both the second and third plural persons.

; Examples
* ''Me llamo Juanito''
*: My name is Juanito (I call myself Juanito.)
* ''Se llaman Juanito y Robert''
*: They're called Juanito and Robert. (They call themselves Juanito and Robert.)
* ''¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: What's your name? (What do you call yourself?)
* ''¿Cómo se llama?''
*: What's his/her name? (What does he/she call him/herself?)

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#What's your name?|Go to the exercise]].

== Simple vocabulary ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|It's a pleasure.
|Es un placer.
|-
|-
|A real pleasure.
|Mucho gusto.
|-

|The pleasure is mine.
|El gusto es mío.
|-
|rowspan=2 | How are you?
| ¿Qué tal?  (''[[Media:Qué tal.ogg|listen]]'')
|-
| ¿Cómo estás?
|-
| rowspan=2 | Great!
| Fantástico
|-
| Fantástica
|-
| Great
| Genial
|-
| Very well
| Muy bien
|-
| Well
| Bien
|-
| So-so
| Más o menos
|-
| Bad
| Mal
|-
| Really bad
| Fatal
|-
| And you?
| ¿Y tú?
|-
| Thank you
| Gracias  (''[[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]'')
|-
| Thank you very much
| Muchas gracias
|-
| You're welcome
| De nada
con mucho gusto

gusto
|-
| Yes
| Sí
|-
| No
| No
|}

; Notes
For some of the words above, there are two options. The one ending in &quot;o&quot; is for males, and the one ending in &quot;a&quot; is for females. It's all to do with agreement, which is covered in future chapters.

Also, there are cultural differences in how people respond to &quot;How are you?&quot;. In the U.S., we might answer &quot;mal&quot; if we have a headache, or we're having a bad hair day. In Spanish-speaking cultures, &quot;mal&quot; would be used if a family member were very ill, or somebody lost their job.  Similarly, &quot;fatal&quot; in the U.S. might mean a ruined manicure or a fight with one´s girlfriend, but would be reserved more for things like losing one's home in a Spanish-speaking country.

Expressing &quot;you are welcome&quot; is more formal in Costa Rica than in other countries. Con mucho gusto is formal. Gusto is less formal. De nada, in some areas is considered slightly insulting and should not be used.

'''Examples'''
* '''''Juanito''': Hola, Rosa. ¿Qué tal?''
*: Hello, Rosa. How are you?
* '''''Rosa''': Muy bien, gracias. ¿Y tú, Juanito?''
*: Very well, thanks. And you, Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Bien también. ¡Hasta luego!''
*: I'm good too. See you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How are you?|Go to the exercise]].

== The Spanish alphabet ==
Here is the traditional Spanish alphabet. The current Spanish alphabet is made up of the letters with numbers above them, and is also sorted in that order. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue and red letters are a part of the normal English alphabet).

{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
! width=3.4% | 1
! width=3.4% | 2
! width=3.4% | 3
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 4
! width=3.4% | 5
! width=3.4% | 6
! width=3.4% | 7
! width=3.4% | 8
! width=3.4% | 9
! width=3.4% | 10
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 11
! width=3.4% | 12
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 13
! width=3.4% | 14
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot; | 15
! width=3.4% | 16
! width=3.4% | 17
! width=3.4% | 18
! width=3.4% | 19
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 20
! width=3.4% | 21
! width=3.4% | 22
! width=3.4% | 23
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 24
! width=3.4% | 25
! width=3.4% | 26
! width=3.4% | 27
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ch
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ll
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters. They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal''. It is extremely rare for words to begin with ''Ñ''—the only common example is ''ñoñear'' (to whine). Like the digraphs mentioned below, ''Ñ'' originally began as ''NN'' but morphed into a squiggle that was placed above a standard ''N'' to save space when writing. The character ''~'' is independently known as a tilde in English; ''tilde'' in Spanish can generally refer to any diacritic that modifies letters (such as the very common acute accent: ´) and the specific word for the tilde is ''virgulilla''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'', ''LL'', and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' are no longer distinct letters of the alphabet. In 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that they should be treated as [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] for collation purposes. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively. In 2010, the Real Academia Española declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' would no longer be treated as letters, bringing the total number of letters of the alphabet down to 27. In even more rare and archaic sources, ''RR'' was treated as a single letter but was never the beginning of a word. It is still treated as a separate letter in the Filipino creole language Chavacano, which is based on Spanish.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign-derived words and names, such as ''karate'' and ''whiskey''. For instance, ''kilo'' is commonly used to refer to a kilogram.
|}
{{commons|Category:Spanish pronunciation of letters|Spanish pronunciation of letters}}

=== Consonants ===
Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n'', (IPA: /b/). Elsewhere in a word, especially between vowels, it is softer, often like a blend between English ''v'' and ''b''. (IPA: /β/ or /b/)
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in &quot;think&quot; (in Latin America it is like English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k'' (IPA: /k/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''que''' and '''qui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ke/ and /ki/).
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese” (IPA: /tʃ/)
*'''d''' at the start of a word and after ''n'', like English ''d'' in &quot;under&quot; (IPA: /d/)
*'''d''' between vowels (even if these vowels belong to different words)  similar to English ''th'' in &quot;mother&quot; (IPA: /ð/); at the end of words like &quot;universidad&quot; you may hear a similar sound, too.
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''', like ''ch'' in &quot;Chanukah&quot; or &quot;Challah&quot; (IPA: /x/)
*'''g''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''', like ''g'' in “get” (IPA: /g/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''gue''' and '''gui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ge/ and /gi/). If the word needs the '''u''' to be pronounced, you write it with a diaeresis e.g. '''pingüino''', '''lengüeta'''.
*'''h''' is always silent, except in the digraph ''ch'' and some very rare loan words, such as ''hip hop''. So the Central American state of ''Honduras'' is pronounced exactly the same is if it were spelled “Onduras”: (IPA: /onˈduɾas/, [õn̪ˈd̪uɾas])
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel, or like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in &quot;loch&quot; (IPA: /h/ or /x/)
*'''ll''' is pronounced like ''gli'' in Italian &quot;famiglia,&quot; or as English y in “yes” (IPA: /ʎ/)
:*In some Latin American countries, '''ll''' is pronounced differently. For instance, in Argentina, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''s'' in English &quot;vision&quot; (IPA: /ʒ/); in Chile, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''sh'' in English &quot;shoe&quot; (IPA: /ʃ/)
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French &quot;cognac&quot; or Italian &quot;gnocchi&quot;) (IPA: /ɲ/)
*'''q''' like the English ''k;'' occurs only before ''ue'' or ''ui'' (IPA: /k/)
*'''r''' at the beginning of a word; after ''l'', ''n'', or ''s''; or when doubled ('''''rr'''''), it is pronounced as a full trill (IPA: /r/), elsewhere it is a single-tap trill (IPA: /ɾ/)
*'''v''' is pronounced like the softer form of the Spanish ''b''. (IPA: /b/)
*'''x''' is pronounced much like an English ''x'', except a little more softly, and often more like ''gs''. (IPA: /ks/)
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like the English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)

=== Vowels ===
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;  (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;hen&quot;  (eh)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;  (e)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;more&quot; (without the following 'r')
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after a g or a q (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced keh).

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands: ''averiguar'' (to research) - '' averigüemos'' (let's research).

The '''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; is similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ]) At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

== Word stress and acute accents ==
Spanish words ending in a consonant other than ''n'' or ''s'' are stressed on the last syllable: ''paRED'' (wall), ''efiCAZ'' (effective).&lt;br&gt;
Words ending in a vowel, ''n'', or ''s'' are stressed on the next to the last syllable: ''TEcho'' (roof), ''desCANso'' (rest).&lt;br&gt;
Words which break either of the above rules must have an accent mark (´, the acute accent) indicating the stressed syllable: ''anDÉN'' (platform), ''haBLÓ'' (he spoke), ''pájaro'' (bird). 

The same letters, pronounced with stress on a different syllable, can constitute a different word. For example, the word ''ánimo'', with stress on the first syllable, is a noun meaning &quot;mood&quot; or &quot;spirit.&quot; ''Animo'', with stressed on ''ni'', is a verb meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' is a verb meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot;

Monosyllables do not need accent marks – there is no need to mark the stressed syllable. However, the accent mark is used to distinguish between homographs, which are different words written with the same letters: ''sí'' (yes), ''si'' (if); ''tú'' (you, subject pronoun), ''tu'' (your, possessive adjective),  ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the). It is used on interrogative words, distinguisging them from in relative pronoun pairs: ''cómo'' (how?) &amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde'' (where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

== How do you spell that? ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|rowspan=2 | How is it spelled?
| ¿Cómo se deletrea?
|-
| ¿Cómo se escribe?
|-
| It is spelled
| Se escribe
|-
| B as in Barcelona
| Con B de Barcelona
|}

; Examples
* '''''Juanito''': Buenos días. Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: Good day. My name is Juanito. What's your name?
* '''''Roberto''': Hola. Me llamo Roberto. ¿Cómo se escribe Juanito?''
*: Hello. I'm Benjamin. How do you spell Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Se escribe J (Jota); U (U); A (A); N (ene); I (i); T (te); O (o).''

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How do you spell that?|Go to the exercise]].

== Summary ==
In this lesson, you have learned
* How to greet people (''Hola; buenos días; adiós'').
* How to introduce yourself (''Me llamo Juanito'').
* How to introduce others (''Se llama Roberto'').
* How to say how you are (''Fenomenal; fatal; bien'').
* How to spell your name (''Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O'').
* How to ask others about any of the above (''¿Cómo te llamas?; ¿Cómo estás?; ¿Cómo se escribe?'').
* The Spanish Alphabet and how letters are pronounced.
You should now do the exercise related to each section ([[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?|found here]]), and translate [[#Dialogue|the dialogue at the top]] before moving on to [[Spanish/Lessons/¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?|lesson 2]]...

Drill the words covered in this lesson with this [http://www.flashcardexchange.com/flashcards/view/1768374 Flashcard Exchange deck].

{{Spanish/Nav}}

[[fr:Enseignement de l'espagnol/Leçon 1]]</text>
      <sha1>69gtdqpmug38vlydqof0su0550y3pha</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088262</id>
      <parentid>4088259</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:00:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Buenas tardes.ogg]] → [[File:Es-buenas tardes.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17015" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Alfonso X el Sabio y su corte.jpg|80px|left|Geometría]][[File:Quijote-2.jpg|right|70px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0 85px; padding:1ex; background-color:#D5FD87; color:#069; border:1px solid #069; font-size:230%; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;Lesson 1&amp;nbsp;– ¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Segovia Aqueduct.JPG|right|200px|thumb|The aqueduct of Segovia.]]
__FORCETOC__

== Dialogue ==
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hola! Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Hola, Juanito. Me llamo Sofía. ¿Cómo se escribe tu nombre?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O. ¿Qué tal?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Bien. ¿Y tú?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Fenomenal, gracias.}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|¡Qué fantástico! Adiós, Juanito.}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hasta luego!}}''
[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Dialogue|Translation]] (wait until the end of the lesson).

== Hello! ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¡Hola!|Hello!|2}}
! Inglés
! Español (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Media help (Ogg)|help]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Hello
| [[wikt:hola|Hola]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good morning!
| rowspan=2 | [[wikt:buenos días|¡Buenos días!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Buenos días.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good day!
|-
| Good afternoon!
| [[wikt:buenas tardes|¡Buenas tardes!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good night!
| [[wikt:buenas noches|¡Buenas noches!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you later!
| [[wikt:hasta luego|¡Hasta luego!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you tomorrow!
| [[wikt:hasta mañana|¡Hasta mañana!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Goodbye
| [[wikt:adiós|Adiós]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-adiós.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|}

; Notes
* ''[[wikt:hasta#Spanish|Hasta]]'' means &quot;until&quot;; ''[[wikt:luego#Spanish|luego]]'' means &quot;then&quot;; you can translate it as &quot;see you later&quot; or &quot;see you soon&quot;. In the same vein, ''[[wikt:hasta mañana|hasta mañana]]'' means &quot;see you tomorrow&quot;.
* Note the upside-down exclamation (¡) and question marks (¿); you will learn more about them in [[Spanish/Lessons/Introducción a la gramática#Questions and Exclamations|lesson three]].

; Examples
* ''¡Buenos días, clase!''
*: Good morning, class!
* ''Hola, ¿Cómo están hoy?''
*: Hello, how are you today?
* ''Adiós, ¡hasta luego!''
*: Goodbye, see you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Hello!|Go to the exercise]].

== What's your name? ==
To ask someone else's name in Spanish, use ''[[wikt:cómo|cómo]]'', then one of the phrases in the table below (''¿Cómo te llamas?'' is &quot;What's your name?&quot; (literally How do you call yourself?). You can also say ¿Cuál es tu nombre? Here the word “cuál” means &quot;which one&quot;.

In Spanish, to say your name, you use the reflexive verb ''[[wikt:llamarse|llamarse]]'', which means literally ''to call oneself'' (''Me llamo Juanito'' is &quot;I call myself Juanito&quot;) meaning &quot;My name is Juanito&quot;.
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Verb|Llamarse|To call oneself|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
| I am called (I call myself)
| Me llamo
|-
| You (familiar/informal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
| Te llamas
|-
| He/She is called (He/She calls him/herself)
|rowspan=2 | Se llama
|-
| You (formal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
|-
| We are called (We call ourselves)
| Nos llamamos
|-
| You (familiar/informal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
| Os llamáis
|-
| They are called (They call themselves)
|rowspan=2 | Se llaman
|-
| You (formal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
|}
; Notes
*&quot;Os llamáis&quot; is only used in Spain. In Latin America, &quot;Se llaman&quot; is used for both the second and third plural persons.

; Examples
* ''Me llamo Juanito''
*: My name is Juanito (I call myself Juanito.)
* ''Se llaman Juanito y Robert''
*: They're called Juanito and Robert. (They call themselves Juanito and Robert.)
* ''¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: What's your name? (What do you call yourself?)
* ''¿Cómo se llama?''
*: What's his/her name? (What does he/she call him/herself?)

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#What's your name?|Go to the exercise]].

== Simple vocabulary ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|It's a pleasure.
|Es un placer.
|-
|-
|A real pleasure.
|Mucho gusto.
|-

|The pleasure is mine.
|El gusto es mío.
|-
|rowspan=2 | How are you?
| ¿Qué tal?  (''[[Media:Qué tal.ogg|listen]]'')
|-
| ¿Cómo estás?
|-
| rowspan=2 | Great!
| Fantástico
|-
| Fantástica
|-
| Great
| Genial
|-
| Very well
| Muy bien
|-
| Well
| Bien
|-
| So-so
| Más o menos
|-
| Bad
| Mal
|-
| Really bad
| Fatal
|-
| And you?
| ¿Y tú?
|-
| Thank you
| Gracias  (''[[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]'')
|-
| Thank you very much
| Muchas gracias
|-
| You're welcome
| De nada
con mucho gusto

gusto
|-
| Yes
| Sí
|-
| No
| No
|}

; Notes
For some of the words above, there are two options. The one ending in &quot;o&quot; is for males, and the one ending in &quot;a&quot; is for females. It's all to do with agreement, which is covered in future chapters.

Also, there are cultural differences in how people respond to &quot;How are you?&quot;. In the U.S., we might answer &quot;mal&quot; if we have a headache, or we're having a bad hair day. In Spanish-speaking cultures, &quot;mal&quot; would be used if a family member were very ill, or somebody lost their job.  Similarly, &quot;fatal&quot; in the U.S. might mean a ruined manicure or a fight with one´s girlfriend, but would be reserved more for things like losing one's home in a Spanish-speaking country.

Expressing &quot;you are welcome&quot; is more formal in Costa Rica than in other countries. Con mucho gusto is formal. Gusto is less formal. De nada, in some areas is considered slightly insulting and should not be used.

'''Examples'''
* '''''Juanito''': Hola, Rosa. ¿Qué tal?''
*: Hello, Rosa. How are you?
* '''''Rosa''': Muy bien, gracias. ¿Y tú, Juanito?''
*: Very well, thanks. And you, Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Bien también. ¡Hasta luego!''
*: I'm good too. See you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How are you?|Go to the exercise]].

== The Spanish alphabet ==
Here is the traditional Spanish alphabet. The current Spanish alphabet is made up of the letters with numbers above them, and is also sorted in that order. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue and red letters are a part of the normal English alphabet).

{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
! width=3.4% | 1
! width=3.4% | 2
! width=3.4% | 3
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 4
! width=3.4% | 5
! width=3.4% | 6
! width=3.4% | 7
! width=3.4% | 8
! width=3.4% | 9
! width=3.4% | 10
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 11
! width=3.4% | 12
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 13
! width=3.4% | 14
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot; | 15
! width=3.4% | 16
! width=3.4% | 17
! width=3.4% | 18
! width=3.4% | 19
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 20
! width=3.4% | 21
! width=3.4% | 22
! width=3.4% | 23
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 24
! width=3.4% | 25
! width=3.4% | 26
! width=3.4% | 27
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ch
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ll
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters. They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal''. It is extremely rare for words to begin with ''Ñ''—the only common example is ''ñoñear'' (to whine). Like the digraphs mentioned below, ''Ñ'' originally began as ''NN'' but morphed into a squiggle that was placed above a standard ''N'' to save space when writing. The character ''~'' is independently known as a tilde in English; ''tilde'' in Spanish can generally refer to any diacritic that modifies letters (such as the very common acute accent: ´) and the specific word for the tilde is ''virgulilla''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'', ''LL'', and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' are no longer distinct letters of the alphabet. In 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that they should be treated as [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] for collation purposes. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively. In 2010, the Real Academia Española declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' would no longer be treated as letters, bringing the total number of letters of the alphabet down to 27. In even more rare and archaic sources, ''RR'' was treated as a single letter but was never the beginning of a word. It is still treated as a separate letter in the Filipino creole language Chavacano, which is based on Spanish.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign-derived words and names, such as ''karate'' and ''whiskey''. For instance, ''kilo'' is commonly used to refer to a kilogram.
|}
{{commons|Category:Spanish pronunciation of letters|Spanish pronunciation of letters}}

=== Consonants ===
Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n'', (IPA: /b/). Elsewhere in a word, especially between vowels, it is softer, often like a blend between English ''v'' and ''b''. (IPA: /β/ or /b/)
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in &quot;think&quot; (in Latin America it is like English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k'' (IPA: /k/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''que''' and '''qui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ke/ and /ki/).
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese” (IPA: /tʃ/)
*'''d''' at the start of a word and after ''n'', like English ''d'' in &quot;under&quot; (IPA: /d/)
*'''d''' between vowels (even if these vowels belong to different words)  similar to English ''th'' in &quot;mother&quot; (IPA: /ð/); at the end of words like &quot;universidad&quot; you may hear a similar sound, too.
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''', like ''ch'' in &quot;Chanukah&quot; or &quot;Challah&quot; (IPA: /x/)
*'''g''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''', like ''g'' in “get” (IPA: /g/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''gue''' and '''gui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ge/ and /gi/). If the word needs the '''u''' to be pronounced, you write it with a diaeresis e.g. '''pingüino''', '''lengüeta'''.
*'''h''' is always silent, except in the digraph ''ch'' and some very rare loan words, such as ''hip hop''. So the Central American state of ''Honduras'' is pronounced exactly the same is if it were spelled “Onduras”: (IPA: /onˈduɾas/, [õn̪ˈd̪uɾas])
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel, or like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in &quot;loch&quot; (IPA: /h/ or /x/)
*'''ll''' is pronounced like ''gli'' in Italian &quot;famiglia,&quot; or as English y in “yes” (IPA: /ʎ/)
:*In some Latin American countries, '''ll''' is pronounced differently. For instance, in Argentina, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''s'' in English &quot;vision&quot; (IPA: /ʒ/); in Chile, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''sh'' in English &quot;shoe&quot; (IPA: /ʃ/)
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French &quot;cognac&quot; or Italian &quot;gnocchi&quot;) (IPA: /ɲ/)
*'''q''' like the English ''k;'' occurs only before ''ue'' or ''ui'' (IPA: /k/)
*'''r''' at the beginning of a word; after ''l'', ''n'', or ''s''; or when doubled ('''''rr'''''), it is pronounced as a full trill (IPA: /r/), elsewhere it is a single-tap trill (IPA: /ɾ/)
*'''v''' is pronounced like the softer form of the Spanish ''b''. (IPA: /b/)
*'''x''' is pronounced much like an English ''x'', except a little more softly, and often more like ''gs''. (IPA: /ks/)
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like the English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)

=== Vowels ===
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;  (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;hen&quot;  (eh)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;  (e)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;more&quot; (without the following 'r')
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after a g or a q (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced keh).

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands: ''averiguar'' (to research) - '' averigüemos'' (let's research).

The '''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; is similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ]) At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

== Word stress and acute accents ==
Spanish words ending in a consonant other than ''n'' or ''s'' are stressed on the last syllable: ''paRED'' (wall), ''efiCAZ'' (effective).&lt;br&gt;
Words ending in a vowel, ''n'', or ''s'' are stressed on the next to the last syllable: ''TEcho'' (roof), ''desCANso'' (rest).&lt;br&gt;
Words which break either of the above rules must have an accent mark (´, the acute accent) indicating the stressed syllable: ''anDÉN'' (platform), ''haBLÓ'' (he spoke), ''pájaro'' (bird). 

The same letters, pronounced with stress on a different syllable, can constitute a different word. For example, the word ''ánimo'', with stress on the first syllable, is a noun meaning &quot;mood&quot; or &quot;spirit.&quot; ''Animo'', with stressed on ''ni'', is a verb meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' is a verb meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot;

Monosyllables do not need accent marks – there is no need to mark the stressed syllable. However, the accent mark is used to distinguish between homographs, which are different words written with the same letters: ''sí'' (yes), ''si'' (if); ''tú'' (you, subject pronoun), ''tu'' (your, possessive adjective),  ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the). It is used on interrogative words, distinguisging them from in relative pronoun pairs: ''cómo'' (how?) &amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde'' (where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

== How do you spell that? ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|rowspan=2 | How is it spelled?
| ¿Cómo se deletrea?
|-
| ¿Cómo se escribe?
|-
| It is spelled
| Se escribe
|-
| B as in Barcelona
| Con B de Barcelona
|}

; Examples
* '''''Juanito''': Buenos días. Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: Good day. My name is Juanito. What's your name?
* '''''Roberto''': Hola. Me llamo Roberto. ¿Cómo se escribe Juanito?''
*: Hello. I'm Benjamin. How do you spell Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Se escribe J (Jota); U (U); A (A); N (ene); I (i); T (te); O (o).''

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How do you spell that?|Go to the exercise]].

== Summary ==
In this lesson, you have learned
* How to greet people (''Hola; buenos días; adiós'').
* How to introduce yourself (''Me llamo Juanito'').
* How to introduce others (''Se llama Roberto'').
* How to say how you are (''Fenomenal; fatal; bien'').
* How to spell your name (''Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O'').
* How to ask others about any of the above (''¿Cómo te llamas?; ¿Cómo estás?; ¿Cómo se escribe?'').
* The Spanish Alphabet and how letters are pronounced.
You should now do the exercise related to each section ([[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?|found here]]), and translate [[#Dialogue|the dialogue at the top]] before moving on to [[Spanish/Lessons/¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?|lesson 2]]...

Drill the words covered in this lesson with this [http://www.flashcardexchange.com/flashcards/view/1768374 Flashcard Exchange deck].

{{Spanish/Nav}}

[[fr:Enseignement de l'espagnol/Leçon 1]]</text>
      <sha1>7rcpu7stm5oe02dyv1miyozedec21a3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088266</id>
      <parentid>4088262</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:00:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Buenos días.ogg]] → [[File:Es-buenos días.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17018" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Alfonso X el Sabio y su corte.jpg|80px|left|Geometría]][[File:Quijote-2.jpg|right|70px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0 85px; padding:1ex; background-color:#D5FD87; color:#069; border:1px solid #069; font-size:230%; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;Lesson 1&amp;nbsp;– ¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Segovia Aqueduct.JPG|right|200px|thumb|The aqueduct of Segovia.]]
__FORCETOC__

== Dialogue ==
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hola! Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Hola, Juanito. Me llamo Sofía. ¿Cómo se escribe tu nombre?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O. ¿Qué tal?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Bien. ¿Y tú?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Fenomenal, gracias.}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|¡Qué fantástico! Adiós, Juanito.}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hasta luego!}}''
[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Dialogue|Translation]] (wait until the end of the lesson).

== Hello! ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¡Hola!|Hello!|2}}
! Inglés
! Español (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Media help (Ogg)|help]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Hello
| [[wikt:hola|Hola]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good morning!
| rowspan=2 | [[wikt:buenos días|¡Buenos días!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good day!
|-
| Good afternoon!
| [[wikt:buenas tardes|¡Buenas tardes!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good night!
| [[wikt:buenas noches|¡Buenas noches!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you later!
| [[wikt:hasta luego|¡Hasta luego!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you tomorrow!
| [[wikt:hasta mañana|¡Hasta mañana!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Goodbye
| [[wikt:adiós|Adiós]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-adiós.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|}

; Notes
* ''[[wikt:hasta#Spanish|Hasta]]'' means &quot;until&quot;; ''[[wikt:luego#Spanish|luego]]'' means &quot;then&quot;; you can translate it as &quot;see you later&quot; or &quot;see you soon&quot;. In the same vein, ''[[wikt:hasta mañana|hasta mañana]]'' means &quot;see you tomorrow&quot;.
* Note the upside-down exclamation (¡) and question marks (¿); you will learn more about them in [[Spanish/Lessons/Introducción a la gramática#Questions and Exclamations|lesson three]].

; Examples
* ''¡Buenos días, clase!''
*: Good morning, class!
* ''Hola, ¿Cómo están hoy?''
*: Hello, how are you today?
* ''Adiós, ¡hasta luego!''
*: Goodbye, see you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Hello!|Go to the exercise]].

== What's your name? ==
To ask someone else's name in Spanish, use ''[[wikt:cómo|cómo]]'', then one of the phrases in the table below (''¿Cómo te llamas?'' is &quot;What's your name?&quot; (literally How do you call yourself?). You can also say ¿Cuál es tu nombre? Here the word “cuál” means &quot;which one&quot;.

In Spanish, to say your name, you use the reflexive verb ''[[wikt:llamarse|llamarse]]'', which means literally ''to call oneself'' (''Me llamo Juanito'' is &quot;I call myself Juanito&quot;) meaning &quot;My name is Juanito&quot;.
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Verb|Llamarse|To call oneself|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
| I am called (I call myself)
| Me llamo
|-
| You (familiar/informal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
| Te llamas
|-
| He/She is called (He/She calls him/herself)
|rowspan=2 | Se llama
|-
| You (formal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
|-
| We are called (We call ourselves)
| Nos llamamos
|-
| You (familiar/informal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
| Os llamáis
|-
| They are called (They call themselves)
|rowspan=2 | Se llaman
|-
| You (formal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
|}
; Notes
*&quot;Os llamáis&quot; is only used in Spain. In Latin America, &quot;Se llaman&quot; is used for both the second and third plural persons.

; Examples
* ''Me llamo Juanito''
*: My name is Juanito (I call myself Juanito.)
* ''Se llaman Juanito y Robert''
*: They're called Juanito and Robert. (They call themselves Juanito and Robert.)
* ''¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: What's your name? (What do you call yourself?)
* ''¿Cómo se llama?''
*: What's his/her name? (What does he/she call him/herself?)

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#What's your name?|Go to the exercise]].

== Simple vocabulary ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|It's a pleasure.
|Es un placer.
|-
|-
|A real pleasure.
|Mucho gusto.
|-

|The pleasure is mine.
|El gusto es mío.
|-
|rowspan=2 | How are you?
| ¿Qué tal?  (''[[Media:Qué tal.ogg|listen]]'')
|-
| ¿Cómo estás?
|-
| rowspan=2 | Great!
| Fantástico
|-
| Fantástica
|-
| Great
| Genial
|-
| Very well
| Muy bien
|-
| Well
| Bien
|-
| So-so
| Más o menos
|-
| Bad
| Mal
|-
| Really bad
| Fatal
|-
| And you?
| ¿Y tú?
|-
| Thank you
| Gracias  (''[[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]'')
|-
| Thank you very much
| Muchas gracias
|-
| You're welcome
| De nada
con mucho gusto

gusto
|-
| Yes
| Sí
|-
| No
| No
|}

; Notes
For some of the words above, there are two options. The one ending in &quot;o&quot; is for males, and the one ending in &quot;a&quot; is for females. It's all to do with agreement, which is covered in future chapters.

Also, there are cultural differences in how people respond to &quot;How are you?&quot;. In the U.S., we might answer &quot;mal&quot; if we have a headache, or we're having a bad hair day. In Spanish-speaking cultures, &quot;mal&quot; would be used if a family member were very ill, or somebody lost their job.  Similarly, &quot;fatal&quot; in the U.S. might mean a ruined manicure or a fight with one´s girlfriend, but would be reserved more for things like losing one's home in a Spanish-speaking country.

Expressing &quot;you are welcome&quot; is more formal in Costa Rica than in other countries. Con mucho gusto is formal. Gusto is less formal. De nada, in some areas is considered slightly insulting and should not be used.

'''Examples'''
* '''''Juanito''': Hola, Rosa. ¿Qué tal?''
*: Hello, Rosa. How are you?
* '''''Rosa''': Muy bien, gracias. ¿Y tú, Juanito?''
*: Very well, thanks. And you, Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Bien también. ¡Hasta luego!''
*: I'm good too. See you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How are you?|Go to the exercise]].

== The Spanish alphabet ==
Here is the traditional Spanish alphabet. The current Spanish alphabet is made up of the letters with numbers above them, and is also sorted in that order. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue and red letters are a part of the normal English alphabet).

{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
! width=3.4% | 1
! width=3.4% | 2
! width=3.4% | 3
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 4
! width=3.4% | 5
! width=3.4% | 6
! width=3.4% | 7
! width=3.4% | 8
! width=3.4% | 9
! width=3.4% | 10
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 11
! width=3.4% | 12
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 13
! width=3.4% | 14
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot; | 15
! width=3.4% | 16
! width=3.4% | 17
! width=3.4% | 18
! width=3.4% | 19
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 20
! width=3.4% | 21
! width=3.4% | 22
! width=3.4% | 23
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 24
! width=3.4% | 25
! width=3.4% | 26
! width=3.4% | 27
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ch
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ll
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters. They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal''. It is extremely rare for words to begin with ''Ñ''—the only common example is ''ñoñear'' (to whine). Like the digraphs mentioned below, ''Ñ'' originally began as ''NN'' but morphed into a squiggle that was placed above a standard ''N'' to save space when writing. The character ''~'' is independently known as a tilde in English; ''tilde'' in Spanish can generally refer to any diacritic that modifies letters (such as the very common acute accent: ´) and the specific word for the tilde is ''virgulilla''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'', ''LL'', and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' are no longer distinct letters of the alphabet. In 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that they should be treated as [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] for collation purposes. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively. In 2010, the Real Academia Española declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' would no longer be treated as letters, bringing the total number of letters of the alphabet down to 27. In even more rare and archaic sources, ''RR'' was treated as a single letter but was never the beginning of a word. It is still treated as a separate letter in the Filipino creole language Chavacano, which is based on Spanish.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign-derived words and names, such as ''karate'' and ''whiskey''. For instance, ''kilo'' is commonly used to refer to a kilogram.
|}
{{commons|Category:Spanish pronunciation of letters|Spanish pronunciation of letters}}

=== Consonants ===
Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n'', (IPA: /b/). Elsewhere in a word, especially between vowels, it is softer, often like a blend between English ''v'' and ''b''. (IPA: /β/ or /b/)
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in &quot;think&quot; (in Latin America it is like English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k'' (IPA: /k/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''que''' and '''qui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ke/ and /ki/).
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese” (IPA: /tʃ/)
*'''d''' at the start of a word and after ''n'', like English ''d'' in &quot;under&quot; (IPA: /d/)
*'''d''' between vowels (even if these vowels belong to different words)  similar to English ''th'' in &quot;mother&quot; (IPA: /ð/); at the end of words like &quot;universidad&quot; you may hear a similar sound, too.
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''', like ''ch'' in &quot;Chanukah&quot; or &quot;Challah&quot; (IPA: /x/)
*'''g''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''', like ''g'' in “get” (IPA: /g/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''gue''' and '''gui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ge/ and /gi/). If the word needs the '''u''' to be pronounced, you write it with a diaeresis e.g. '''pingüino''', '''lengüeta'''.
*'''h''' is always silent, except in the digraph ''ch'' and some very rare loan words, such as ''hip hop''. So the Central American state of ''Honduras'' is pronounced exactly the same is if it were spelled “Onduras”: (IPA: /onˈduɾas/, [õn̪ˈd̪uɾas])
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel, or like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in &quot;loch&quot; (IPA: /h/ or /x/)
*'''ll''' is pronounced like ''gli'' in Italian &quot;famiglia,&quot; or as English y in “yes” (IPA: /ʎ/)
:*In some Latin American countries, '''ll''' is pronounced differently. For instance, in Argentina, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''s'' in English &quot;vision&quot; (IPA: /ʒ/); in Chile, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''sh'' in English &quot;shoe&quot; (IPA: /ʃ/)
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French &quot;cognac&quot; or Italian &quot;gnocchi&quot;) (IPA: /ɲ/)
*'''q''' like the English ''k;'' occurs only before ''ue'' or ''ui'' (IPA: /k/)
*'''r''' at the beginning of a word; after ''l'', ''n'', or ''s''; or when doubled ('''''rr'''''), it is pronounced as a full trill (IPA: /r/), elsewhere it is a single-tap trill (IPA: /ɾ/)
*'''v''' is pronounced like the softer form of the Spanish ''b''. (IPA: /b/)
*'''x''' is pronounced much like an English ''x'', except a little more softly, and often more like ''gs''. (IPA: /ks/)
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like the English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)

=== Vowels ===
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;  (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;hen&quot;  (eh)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;  (e)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;more&quot; (without the following 'r')
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after a g or a q (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced keh).

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands: ''averiguar'' (to research) - '' averigüemos'' (let's research).

The '''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; is similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ]) At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

== Word stress and acute accents ==
Spanish words ending in a consonant other than ''n'' or ''s'' are stressed on the last syllable: ''paRED'' (wall), ''efiCAZ'' (effective).&lt;br&gt;
Words ending in a vowel, ''n'', or ''s'' are stressed on the next to the last syllable: ''TEcho'' (roof), ''desCANso'' (rest).&lt;br&gt;
Words which break either of the above rules must have an accent mark (´, the acute accent) indicating the stressed syllable: ''anDÉN'' (platform), ''haBLÓ'' (he spoke), ''pájaro'' (bird). 

The same letters, pronounced with stress on a different syllable, can constitute a different word. For example, the word ''ánimo'', with stress on the first syllable, is a noun meaning &quot;mood&quot; or &quot;spirit.&quot; ''Animo'', with stressed on ''ni'', is a verb meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' is a verb meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot;

Monosyllables do not need accent marks – there is no need to mark the stressed syllable. However, the accent mark is used to distinguish between homographs, which are different words written with the same letters: ''sí'' (yes), ''si'' (if); ''tú'' (you, subject pronoun), ''tu'' (your, possessive adjective),  ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the). It is used on interrogative words, distinguisging them from in relative pronoun pairs: ''cómo'' (how?) &amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde'' (where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

== How do you spell that? ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|rowspan=2 | How is it spelled?
| ¿Cómo se deletrea?
|-
| ¿Cómo se escribe?
|-
| It is spelled
| Se escribe
|-
| B as in Barcelona
| Con B de Barcelona
|}

; Examples
* '''''Juanito''': Buenos días. Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: Good day. My name is Juanito. What's your name?
* '''''Roberto''': Hola. Me llamo Roberto. ¿Cómo se escribe Juanito?''
*: Hello. I'm Benjamin. How do you spell Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Se escribe J (Jota); U (U); A (A); N (ene); I (i); T (te); O (o).''

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How do you spell that?|Go to the exercise]].

== Summary ==
In this lesson, you have learned
* How to greet people (''Hola; buenos días; adiós'').
* How to introduce yourself (''Me llamo Juanito'').
* How to introduce others (''Se llama Roberto'').
* How to say how you are (''Fenomenal; fatal; bien'').
* How to spell your name (''Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O'').
* How to ask others about any of the above (''¿Cómo te llamas?; ¿Cómo estás?; ¿Cómo se escribe?'').
* The Spanish Alphabet and how letters are pronounced.
You should now do the exercise related to each section ([[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?|found here]]), and translate [[#Dialogue|the dialogue at the top]] before moving on to [[Spanish/Lessons/¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?|lesson 2]]...

Drill the words covered in this lesson with this [http://www.flashcardexchange.com/flashcards/view/1768374 Flashcard Exchange deck].

{{Spanish/Nav}}

[[fr:Enseignement de l'espagnol/Leçon 1]]</text>
      <sha1>h6oh85d53hv0jtrel2dd4rnlad9xpmf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088294</id>
      <parentid>4088266</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:48:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Qué tal.ogg]] → [[File:Es-qué tal.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17021" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Alfonso X el Sabio y su corte.jpg|80px|left|Geometría]][[File:Quijote-2.jpg|right|70px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0 85px; padding:1ex; background-color:#D5FD87; color:#069; border:1px solid #069; font-size:230%; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;Lesson 1&amp;nbsp;– ¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Segovia Aqueduct.JPG|right|200px|thumb|The aqueduct of Segovia.]]
__FORCETOC__

== Dialogue ==
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hola! Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Hola, Juanito. Me llamo Sofía. ¿Cómo se escribe tu nombre?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O. ¿Qué tal?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Bien. ¿Y tú?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Fenomenal, gracias.}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|¡Qué fantástico! Adiós, Juanito.}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hasta luego!}}''
[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Dialogue|Translation]] (wait until the end of the lesson).

== Hello! ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¡Hola!|Hello!|2}}
! Inglés
! Español (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Media help (Ogg)|help]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Hello
| [[wikt:hola|Hola]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good morning!
| rowspan=2 | [[wikt:buenos días|¡Buenos días!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good day!
|-
| Good afternoon!
| [[wikt:buenas tardes|¡Buenas tardes!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good night!
| [[wikt:buenas noches|¡Buenas noches!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you later!
| [[wikt:hasta luego|¡Hasta luego!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you tomorrow!
| [[wikt:hasta mañana|¡Hasta mañana!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hasta mañana.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Goodbye
| [[wikt:adiós|Adiós]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-adiós.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|}

; Notes
* ''[[wikt:hasta#Spanish|Hasta]]'' means &quot;until&quot;; ''[[wikt:luego#Spanish|luego]]'' means &quot;then&quot;; you can translate it as &quot;see you later&quot; or &quot;see you soon&quot;. In the same vein, ''[[wikt:hasta mañana|hasta mañana]]'' means &quot;see you tomorrow&quot;.
* Note the upside-down exclamation (¡) and question marks (¿); you will learn more about them in [[Spanish/Lessons/Introducción a la gramática#Questions and Exclamations|lesson three]].

; Examples
* ''¡Buenos días, clase!''
*: Good morning, class!
* ''Hola, ¿Cómo están hoy?''
*: Hello, how are you today?
* ''Adiós, ¡hasta luego!''
*: Goodbye, see you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Hello!|Go to the exercise]].

== What's your name? ==
To ask someone else's name in Spanish, use ''[[wikt:cómo|cómo]]'', then one of the phrases in the table below (''¿Cómo te llamas?'' is &quot;What's your name?&quot; (literally How do you call yourself?). You can also say ¿Cuál es tu nombre? Here the word “cuál” means &quot;which one&quot;.

In Spanish, to say your name, you use the reflexive verb ''[[wikt:llamarse|llamarse]]'', which means literally ''to call oneself'' (''Me llamo Juanito'' is &quot;I call myself Juanito&quot;) meaning &quot;My name is Juanito&quot;.
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Verb|Llamarse|To call oneself|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
| I am called (I call myself)
| Me llamo
|-
| You (familiar/informal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
| Te llamas
|-
| He/She is called (He/She calls him/herself)
|rowspan=2 | Se llama
|-
| You (formal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
|-
| We are called (We call ourselves)
| Nos llamamos
|-
| You (familiar/informal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
| Os llamáis
|-
| They are called (They call themselves)
|rowspan=2 | Se llaman
|-
| You (formal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
|}
; Notes
*&quot;Os llamáis&quot; is only used in Spain. In Latin America, &quot;Se llaman&quot; is used for both the second and third plural persons.

; Examples
* ''Me llamo Juanito''
*: My name is Juanito (I call myself Juanito.)
* ''Se llaman Juanito y Robert''
*: They're called Juanito and Robert. (They call themselves Juanito and Robert.)
* ''¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: What's your name? (What do you call yourself?)
* ''¿Cómo se llama?''
*: What's his/her name? (What does he/she call him/herself?)

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#What's your name?|Go to the exercise]].

== Simple vocabulary ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|It's a pleasure.
|Es un placer.
|-
|-
|A real pleasure.
|Mucho gusto.
|-

|The pleasure is mine.
|El gusto es mío.
|-
|rowspan=2 | How are you?
| ¿Qué tal?  (''[[Media:Es-qué tal.oga|listen]]'')
|-
| ¿Cómo estás?
|-
| rowspan=2 | Great!
| Fantástico
|-
| Fantástica
|-
| Great
| Genial
|-
| Very well
| Muy bien
|-
| Well
| Bien
|-
| So-so
| Más o menos
|-
| Bad
| Mal
|-
| Really bad
| Fatal
|-
| And you?
| ¿Y tú?
|-
| Thank you
| Gracias  (''[[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]'')
|-
| Thank you very much
| Muchas gracias
|-
| You're welcome
| De nada
con mucho gusto

gusto
|-
| Yes
| Sí
|-
| No
| No
|}

; Notes
For some of the words above, there are two options. The one ending in &quot;o&quot; is for males, and the one ending in &quot;a&quot; is for females. It's all to do with agreement, which is covered in future chapters.

Also, there are cultural differences in how people respond to &quot;How are you?&quot;. In the U.S., we might answer &quot;mal&quot; if we have a headache, or we're having a bad hair day. In Spanish-speaking cultures, &quot;mal&quot; would be used if a family member were very ill, or somebody lost their job.  Similarly, &quot;fatal&quot; in the U.S. might mean a ruined manicure or a fight with one´s girlfriend, but would be reserved more for things like losing one's home in a Spanish-speaking country.

Expressing &quot;you are welcome&quot; is more formal in Costa Rica than in other countries. Con mucho gusto is formal. Gusto is less formal. De nada, in some areas is considered slightly insulting and should not be used.

'''Examples'''
* '''''Juanito''': Hola, Rosa. ¿Qué tal?''
*: Hello, Rosa. How are you?
* '''''Rosa''': Muy bien, gracias. ¿Y tú, Juanito?''
*: Very well, thanks. And you, Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Bien también. ¡Hasta luego!''
*: I'm good too. See you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How are you?|Go to the exercise]].

== The Spanish alphabet ==
Here is the traditional Spanish alphabet. The current Spanish alphabet is made up of the letters with numbers above them, and is also sorted in that order. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue and red letters are a part of the normal English alphabet).

{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
! width=3.4% | 1
! width=3.4% | 2
! width=3.4% | 3
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 4
! width=3.4% | 5
! width=3.4% | 6
! width=3.4% | 7
! width=3.4% | 8
! width=3.4% | 9
! width=3.4% | 10
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 11
! width=3.4% | 12
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 13
! width=3.4% | 14
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot; | 15
! width=3.4% | 16
! width=3.4% | 17
! width=3.4% | 18
! width=3.4% | 19
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 20
! width=3.4% | 21
! width=3.4% | 22
! width=3.4% | 23
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 24
! width=3.4% | 25
! width=3.4% | 26
! width=3.4% | 27
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ch
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ll
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters. They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal''. It is extremely rare for words to begin with ''Ñ''—the only common example is ''ñoñear'' (to whine). Like the digraphs mentioned below, ''Ñ'' originally began as ''NN'' but morphed into a squiggle that was placed above a standard ''N'' to save space when writing. The character ''~'' is independently known as a tilde in English; ''tilde'' in Spanish can generally refer to any diacritic that modifies letters (such as the very common acute accent: ´) and the specific word for the tilde is ''virgulilla''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'', ''LL'', and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' are no longer distinct letters of the alphabet. In 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that they should be treated as [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] for collation purposes. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively. In 2010, the Real Academia Española declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' would no longer be treated as letters, bringing the total number of letters of the alphabet down to 27. In even more rare and archaic sources, ''RR'' was treated as a single letter but was never the beginning of a word. It is still treated as a separate letter in the Filipino creole language Chavacano, which is based on Spanish.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign-derived words and names, such as ''karate'' and ''whiskey''. For instance, ''kilo'' is commonly used to refer to a kilogram.
|}
{{commons|Category:Spanish pronunciation of letters|Spanish pronunciation of letters}}

=== Consonants ===
Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n'', (IPA: /b/). Elsewhere in a word, especially between vowels, it is softer, often like a blend between English ''v'' and ''b''. (IPA: /β/ or /b/)
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in &quot;think&quot; (in Latin America it is like English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k'' (IPA: /k/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''que''' and '''qui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ke/ and /ki/).
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese” (IPA: /tʃ/)
*'''d''' at the start of a word and after ''n'', like English ''d'' in &quot;under&quot; (IPA: /d/)
*'''d''' between vowels (even if these vowels belong to different words)  similar to English ''th'' in &quot;mother&quot; (IPA: /ð/); at the end of words like &quot;universidad&quot; you may hear a similar sound, too.
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''', like ''ch'' in &quot;Chanukah&quot; or &quot;Challah&quot; (IPA: /x/)
*'''g''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''', like ''g'' in “get” (IPA: /g/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''gue''' and '''gui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ge/ and /gi/). If the word needs the '''u''' to be pronounced, you write it with a diaeresis e.g. '''pingüino''', '''lengüeta'''.
*'''h''' is always silent, except in the digraph ''ch'' and some very rare loan words, such as ''hip hop''. So the Central American state of ''Honduras'' is pronounced exactly the same is if it were spelled “Onduras”: (IPA: /onˈduɾas/, [õn̪ˈd̪uɾas])
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel, or like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in &quot;loch&quot; (IPA: /h/ or /x/)
*'''ll''' is pronounced like ''gli'' in Italian &quot;famiglia,&quot; or as English y in “yes” (IPA: /ʎ/)
:*In some Latin American countries, '''ll''' is pronounced differently. For instance, in Argentina, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''s'' in English &quot;vision&quot; (IPA: /ʒ/); in Chile, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''sh'' in English &quot;shoe&quot; (IPA: /ʃ/)
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French &quot;cognac&quot; or Italian &quot;gnocchi&quot;) (IPA: /ɲ/)
*'''q''' like the English ''k;'' occurs only before ''ue'' or ''ui'' (IPA: /k/)
*'''r''' at the beginning of a word; after ''l'', ''n'', or ''s''; or when doubled ('''''rr'''''), it is pronounced as a full trill (IPA: /r/), elsewhere it is a single-tap trill (IPA: /ɾ/)
*'''v''' is pronounced like the softer form of the Spanish ''b''. (IPA: /b/)
*'''x''' is pronounced much like an English ''x'', except a little more softly, and often more like ''gs''. (IPA: /ks/)
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like the English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)

=== Vowels ===
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;  (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;hen&quot;  (eh)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;  (e)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;more&quot; (without the following 'r')
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after a g or a q (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced keh).

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands: ''averiguar'' (to research) - '' averigüemos'' (let's research).

The '''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; is similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ]) At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

== Word stress and acute accents ==
Spanish words ending in a consonant other than ''n'' or ''s'' are stressed on the last syllable: ''paRED'' (wall), ''efiCAZ'' (effective).&lt;br&gt;
Words ending in a vowel, ''n'', or ''s'' are stressed on the next to the last syllable: ''TEcho'' (roof), ''desCANso'' (rest).&lt;br&gt;
Words which break either of the above rules must have an accent mark (´, the acute accent) indicating the stressed syllable: ''anDÉN'' (platform), ''haBLÓ'' (he spoke), ''pájaro'' (bird). 

The same letters, pronounced with stress on a different syllable, can constitute a different word. For example, the word ''ánimo'', with stress on the first syllable, is a noun meaning &quot;mood&quot; or &quot;spirit.&quot; ''Animo'', with stressed on ''ni'', is a verb meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' is a verb meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot;

Monosyllables do not need accent marks – there is no need to mark the stressed syllable. However, the accent mark is used to distinguish between homographs, which are different words written with the same letters: ''sí'' (yes), ''si'' (if); ''tú'' (you, subject pronoun), ''tu'' (your, possessive adjective),  ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the). It is used on interrogative words, distinguisging them from in relative pronoun pairs: ''cómo'' (how?) &amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde'' (where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

== How do you spell that? ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|rowspan=2 | How is it spelled?
| ¿Cómo se deletrea?
|-
| ¿Cómo se escribe?
|-
| It is spelled
| Se escribe
|-
| B as in Barcelona
| Con B de Barcelona
|}

; Examples
* '''''Juanito''': Buenos días. Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: Good day. My name is Juanito. What's your name?
* '''''Roberto''': Hola. Me llamo Roberto. ¿Cómo se escribe Juanito?''
*: Hello. I'm Benjamin. How do you spell Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Se escribe J (Jota); U (U); A (A); N (ene); I (i); T (te); O (o).''

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How do you spell that?|Go to the exercise]].

== Summary ==
In this lesson, you have learned
* How to greet people (''Hola; buenos días; adiós'').
* How to introduce yourself (''Me llamo Juanito'').
* How to introduce others (''Se llama Roberto'').
* How to say how you are (''Fenomenal; fatal; bien'').
* How to spell your name (''Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O'').
* How to ask others about any of the above (''¿Cómo te llamas?; ¿Cómo estás?; ¿Cómo se escribe?'').
* The Spanish Alphabet and how letters are pronounced.
You should now do the exercise related to each section ([[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?|found here]]), and translate [[#Dialogue|the dialogue at the top]] before moving on to [[Spanish/Lessons/¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?|lesson 2]]...

Drill the words covered in this lesson with this [http://www.flashcardexchange.com/flashcards/view/1768374 Flashcard Exchange deck].

{{Spanish/Nav}}

[[fr:Enseignement de l'espagnol/Leçon 1]]</text>
      <sha1>04tbj6p7jomkn2797x7z1pft13cxftu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088307</id>
      <parentid>4088294</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:18:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Hasta mañana.ogg]] → [[File:Es-hasta mañana.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17024" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Alfonso X el Sabio y su corte.jpg|80px|left|Geometría]][[File:Quijote-2.jpg|right|70px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0 85px; padding:1ex; background-color:#D5FD87; color:#069; border:1px solid #069; font-size:230%; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;Lesson 1&amp;nbsp;– ¿Cómo te llamas?&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Segovia Aqueduct.JPG|right|200px|thumb|The aqueduct of Segovia.]]
__FORCETOC__

== Dialogue ==
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hola! Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Hola, Juanito. Me llamo Sofía. ¿Cómo se escribe tu nombre?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O. ¿Qué tal?}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|Bien. ¿Y tú?}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|Fenomenal, gracias.}}''
: '''''Sofía''': {{lang|es|¡Qué fantástico! Adiós, Juanito.}}''
: '''''Juanito''': {{lang|es|¡Hasta luego!}}''
[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Dialogue|Translation]] (wait until the end of the lesson).

== Hello! ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¡Hola!|Hello!|2}}
! Inglés
! Español (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Media help (Ogg)|help]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Hello
| [[wikt:hola|Hola]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hola.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good morning!
| rowspan=2 | [[wikt:buenos días|¡Buenos días!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenos días.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good day!
|-
| Good afternoon!
| [[wikt:buenas tardes|¡Buenas tardes!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenas tardes.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Good night!
| [[wikt:buenas noches|¡Buenas noches!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-buenas noches.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you later!
| [[wikt:hasta luego|¡Hasta luego!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Hasta luego.ogg|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| See you tomorrow!
| [[wikt:hasta mañana|¡Hasta mañana!]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-hasta mañana.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|-
| Goodbye
| [[wikt:adiós|Adiós]] (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA unicode audiolink&quot;&gt;[[Media:Es-adiós.oga|listen]]&lt;/span&gt;)
|}

; Notes
* ''[[wikt:hasta#Spanish|Hasta]]'' means &quot;until&quot;; ''[[wikt:luego#Spanish|luego]]'' means &quot;then&quot;; you can translate it as &quot;see you later&quot; or &quot;see you soon&quot;. In the same vein, ''[[wikt:hasta mañana|hasta mañana]]'' means &quot;see you tomorrow&quot;.
* Note the upside-down exclamation (¡) and question marks (¿); you will learn more about them in [[Spanish/Lessons/Introducción a la gramática#Questions and Exclamations|lesson three]].

; Examples
* ''¡Buenos días, clase!''
*: Good morning, class!
* ''Hola, ¿Cómo están hoy?''
*: Hello, how are you today?
* ''Adiós, ¡hasta luego!''
*: Goodbye, see you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#Hello!|Go to the exercise]].

== What's your name? ==
To ask someone else's name in Spanish, use ''[[wikt:cómo|cómo]]'', then one of the phrases in the table below (''¿Cómo te llamas?'' is &quot;What's your name?&quot; (literally How do you call yourself?). You can also say ¿Cuál es tu nombre? Here the word “cuál” means &quot;which one&quot;.

In Spanish, to say your name, you use the reflexive verb ''[[wikt:llamarse|llamarse]]'', which means literally ''to call oneself'' (''Me llamo Juanito'' is &quot;I call myself Juanito&quot;) meaning &quot;My name is Juanito&quot;.
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Verb|Llamarse|To call oneself|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
| I am called (I call myself)
| Me llamo
|-
| You (familiar/informal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
| Te llamas
|-
| He/She is called (He/She calls him/herself)
|rowspan=2 | Se llama
|-
| You (formal, singular) are called (You call yourself)
|-
| We are called (We call ourselves)
| Nos llamamos
|-
| You (familiar/informal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
| Os llamáis
|-
| They are called (They call themselves)
|rowspan=2 | Se llaman
|-
| You (formal, plural) are called (You all call yourselves)
|}
; Notes
*&quot;Os llamáis&quot; is only used in Spain. In Latin America, &quot;Se llaman&quot; is used for both the second and third plural persons.

; Examples
* ''Me llamo Juanito''
*: My name is Juanito (I call myself Juanito.)
* ''Se llaman Juanito y Robert''
*: They're called Juanito and Robert. (They call themselves Juanito and Robert.)
* ''¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: What's your name? (What do you call yourself?)
* ''¿Cómo se llama?''
*: What's his/her name? (What does he/she call him/herself?)

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#What's your name?|Go to the exercise]].

== Simple vocabulary ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|It's a pleasure.
|Es un placer.
|-
|-
|A real pleasure.
|Mucho gusto.
|-

|The pleasure is mine.
|El gusto es mío.
|-
|rowspan=2 | How are you?
| ¿Qué tal?  (''[[Media:Es-qué tal.oga|listen]]'')
|-
| ¿Cómo estás?
|-
| rowspan=2 | Great!
| Fantástico
|-
| Fantástica
|-
| Great
| Genial
|-
| Very well
| Muy bien
|-
| Well
| Bien
|-
| So-so
| Más o menos
|-
| Bad
| Mal
|-
| Really bad
| Fatal
|-
| And you?
| ¿Y tú?
|-
| Thank you
| Gracias  (''[[Media:gracias.ogg|listen]]'')
|-
| Thank you very much
| Muchas gracias
|-
| You're welcome
| De nada
con mucho gusto

gusto
|-
| Yes
| Sí
|-
| No
| No
|}

; Notes
For some of the words above, there are two options. The one ending in &quot;o&quot; is for males, and the one ending in &quot;a&quot; is for females. It's all to do with agreement, which is covered in future chapters.

Also, there are cultural differences in how people respond to &quot;How are you?&quot;. In the U.S., we might answer &quot;mal&quot; if we have a headache, or we're having a bad hair day. In Spanish-speaking cultures, &quot;mal&quot; would be used if a family member were very ill, or somebody lost their job.  Similarly, &quot;fatal&quot; in the U.S. might mean a ruined manicure or a fight with one´s girlfriend, but would be reserved more for things like losing one's home in a Spanish-speaking country.

Expressing &quot;you are welcome&quot; is more formal in Costa Rica than in other countries. Con mucho gusto is formal. Gusto is less formal. De nada, in some areas is considered slightly insulting and should not be used.

'''Examples'''
* '''''Juanito''': Hola, Rosa. ¿Qué tal?''
*: Hello, Rosa. How are you?
* '''''Rosa''': Muy bien, gracias. ¿Y tú, Juanito?''
*: Very well, thanks. And you, Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Bien también. ¡Hasta luego!''
*: I'm good too. See you later!

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How are you?|Go to the exercise]].

== The Spanish alphabet ==
Here is the traditional Spanish alphabet. The current Spanish alphabet is made up of the letters with numbers above them, and is also sorted in that order. Please read the notes and sections below. (Blue and red letters are a part of the normal English alphabet).

{| border=0  width=100%
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
! width=3.4% | 1
! width=3.4% | 2
! width=3.4% | 3
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 4
! width=3.4% | 5
! width=3.4% | 6
! width=3.4% | 7
! width=3.4% | 8
! width=3.4% | 9
! width=3.4% | 10
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 11
! width=3.4% | 12
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 13
! width=3.4% | 14
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot; | 15
! width=3.4% | 16
! width=3.4% | 17
! width=3.4% | 18
! width=3.4% | 19
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot; |
! width=3.4% | 20
! width=3.4% | 21
! width=3.4% | 22
! width=3.4% | 23
! width=3.4% bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot; | 24
! width=3.4% | 25
! width=3.4% | 26
! width=3.4% | 27
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|a
|b
|c
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ch
|d
|e
|f
|g
|h
|i
|j
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|k
|l
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|ll
|m
|n
|bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|ñ
|o
|p
|q
|r
|bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|rr
|s
|t
|u
|v
|bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#CFEBBE&quot;|Notes about ''Ñ''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E7F5DE&quot;|
''N'' and ''Ñ'' are considered two different letters. They are alphabetized as separate letters, so ''Ñ'' always comes after ''N'', regardless of where it appears in the word.  Ex: ''muñeca'' comes after ''municipal''. It is extremely rare for words to begin with ''Ñ''—the only common example is ''ñoñear'' (to whine). Like the digraphs mentioned below, ''Ñ'' originally began as ''NN'' but morphed into a squiggle that was placed above a standard ''N'' to save space when writing. The character ''~'' is independently known as a tilde in English; ''tilde'' in Spanish can generally refer to any diacritic that modifies letters (such as the very common acute accent: ´) and the specific word for the tilde is ''virgulilla''.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#E6EBBE&quot;|Notes about ''CH'', ''LL'', and ''RR''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F3F5DE&quot;|
''CH'' and ''LL'' are no longer distinct letters of the alphabet. In 1994, the Real Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that they should be treated as [[w:Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] for collation purposes. Accordingly, words beginning with ''CH'' and ''LL'' are now alphabetized under ''C'' and ''L'', respectively. In 2010, the Real Academia Española declared that ''CH'' and ''LL'' would no longer be treated as letters, bringing the total number of letters of the alphabet down to 27. In even more rare and archaic sources, ''RR'' was treated as a single letter but was never the beginning of a word. It is still treated as a separate letter in the Filipino creole language Chavacano, which is based on Spanish.
|-
!colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EBC4BE&quot;|Notes about ''K'' and ''W''
|-
|colspan=&quot;30&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5E1DE&quot;|
''K'' and ''W'' are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign-derived words and names, such as ''karate'' and ''whiskey''. For instance, ''kilo'' is commonly used to refer to a kilogram.
|}
{{commons|Category:Spanish pronunciation of letters|Spanish pronunciation of letters}}

=== Consonants ===
Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is a bit more complicated:

Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these exceptions:
*'''b''' like the English ''b'' at the start of a word and after ''m'' or ''n'', (IPA: /b/). Elsewhere in a word, especially between vowels, it is softer, often like a blend between English ''v'' and ''b''. (IPA: /β/ or /b/)
*'''c''' before '''i''' and '''e''' like English ''th'' in &quot;think&quot; (in Latin America it is like English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)
*'''c''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''' and other consonants, like English ''k'' (IPA: /k/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''que''' and '''qui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ke/ and /ki/).
*'''ch''' like ''ch'' in “cheese” (IPA: /tʃ/)
*'''d''' at the start of a word and after ''n'', like English ''d'' in &quot;under&quot; (IPA: /d/)
*'''d''' between vowels (even if these vowels belong to different words)  similar to English ''th'' in &quot;mother&quot; (IPA: /ð/); at the end of words like &quot;universidad&quot; you may hear a similar sound, too.
*'''g''' before '''e''' or '''i''', like ''ch'' in &quot;Chanukah&quot; or &quot;Challah&quot; (IPA: /x/)
*'''g''' before '''a''', '''o''', '''u''', like ''g'' in “get” (IPA: /g/)
:*The same sound for '''e''' and '''i''' is written like '''gue''' and '''gui''', where the '''u''' is silent (IPA: /ge/ and /gi/). If the word needs the '''u''' to be pronounced, you write it with a diaeresis e.g. '''pingüino''', '''lengüeta'''.
*'''h''' is always silent, except in the digraph ''ch'' and some very rare loan words, such as ''hip hop''. So the Central American state of ''Honduras'' is pronounced exactly the same is if it were spelled “Onduras”: (IPA: /onˈduɾas/, [õn̪ˈd̪uɾas])
*'''j''' like the ''h'' in hotel, or like the Scottish pronunciation of ''ch'' in &quot;loch&quot; (IPA: /h/ or /x/)
*'''ll''' is pronounced like ''gli'' in Italian &quot;famiglia,&quot; or as English y in “yes” (IPA: /ʎ/)
:*In some Latin American countries, '''ll''' is pronounced differently. For instance, in Argentina, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''s'' in English &quot;vision&quot; (IPA: /ʒ/); in Chile, '''ll''' is pronounced like ''sh'' in English &quot;shoe&quot; (IPA: /ʃ/)
*'''ñ''' like nio in “onion” (or gn in French &quot;cognac&quot; or Italian &quot;gnocchi&quot;) (IPA: /ɲ/)
*'''q''' like the English ''k;'' occurs only before ''ue'' or ''ui'' (IPA: /k/)
*'''r''' at the beginning of a word; after ''l'', ''n'', or ''s''; or when doubled ('''''rr'''''), it is pronounced as a full trill (IPA: /r/), elsewhere it is a single-tap trill (IPA: /ɾ/)
*'''v''' is pronounced like the softer form of the Spanish ''b''. (IPA: /b/)
*'''x''' is pronounced much like an English ''x'', except a little more softly, and often more like ''gs''. (IPA: /ks/)
*'''z''' like the English ''th'' (in Latin America, like the English ''s'') (European IPA: /θ/; Latin American IPA: /s/)

=== Vowels ===
The pronunciation of vowels is as follows:

*'''a''' [a] &quot;''La mano''&quot; as in &quot;Kahn&quot;  (ah)
*'''e''' [e] &quot;''Mente''&quot; as in &quot;hen&quot;  (eh)
*'''i''' [i] &quot;''Sin''&quot; as the ''ea'' in &quot;lean&quot;  (e)
*'''o''' [o] &quot;''Como''&quot; as in &quot;more&quot; (without the following 'r')
*'''u''' [u] &quot;''Lunes''&quot; as in &quot;toon&quot; or &quot;loom&quot;  (oo)
The &quot;u&quot; is always silent after a g or a q (as in &quot;qué&quot; pronounced keh).

Spanish also uses the ¨ (diaeresis) diacritic mark over the vowel u to indicate that it is pronounced separately in places where it would normally be silent. For example, in words such as ''vergüenza'' (&quot;shame&quot;) or ''pingüino'' (&quot;penguin&quot;), the u is pronounced as in the English &quot;w&quot; and so forms a diphthong with the following vowel: [we] and [wi] respectively. It is also used to preserve sound in stem changes and in commands: ''averiguar'' (to research) - '' averigüemos'' (let's research).

The '''y''' [ʝ] &quot;''Reyes''&quot; is similar to the y of &quot;yet&quot;, but more voiced (in some parts of Latin America it is pronounced as s in &quot;vision&quot; [ʒ] or sh in &quot;flash&quot; [ʃ]) At the end of a word or when it means &quot;and&quot; (&quot;''y''&quot;) it is pronounced like '''i'''.

== Word stress and acute accents ==
Spanish words ending in a consonant other than ''n'' or ''s'' are stressed on the last syllable: ''paRED'' (wall), ''efiCAZ'' (effective).&lt;br&gt;
Words ending in a vowel, ''n'', or ''s'' are stressed on the next to the last syllable: ''TEcho'' (roof), ''desCANso'' (rest).&lt;br&gt;
Words which break either of the above rules must have an accent mark (´, the acute accent) indicating the stressed syllable: ''anDÉN'' (platform), ''haBLÓ'' (he spoke), ''pájaro'' (bird). 

The same letters, pronounced with stress on a different syllable, can constitute a different word. For example, the word ''ánimo'', with stress on the first syllable, is a noun meaning &quot;mood&quot; or &quot;spirit.&quot; ''Animo'', with stressed on ''ni'', is a verb meaning &quot;I cheer.&quot; And ''animó'' is stressed on ''mó'' is a verb meaning &quot;he cheered.&quot;

Monosyllables do not need accent marks – there is no need to mark the stressed syllable. However, the accent mark is used to distinguish between homographs, which are different words written with the same letters: ''sí'' (yes), ''si'' (if); ''tú'' (you, subject pronoun), ''tu'' (your, possessive adjective),  ''él'' (he/him) &amp; ''el'' (the). It is used on interrogative words, distinguisging them from in relative pronoun pairs: ''cómo'' (how?) &amp; ''como'' (as), ''dónde'' (where?) &amp; ''donde'' (where).
{| border=0 width=&quot;20%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#BECFEB&quot; valign=top
!A
!E
!I
!O
!U
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DEE7F5&quot; valign=top align=&quot;center&quot;
|á
|é
|í
|ó
|ú
|}

== How do you spell that? ==
{| {{User:Celestianpower/Spanish table|Vocabulary|¿Qué tal?|How are you?|2}}
! Inglés
! Español
|-
|rowspan=2 | How is it spelled?
| ¿Cómo se deletrea?
|-
| ¿Cómo se escribe?
|-
| It is spelled
| Se escribe
|-
| B as in Barcelona
| Con B de Barcelona
|}

; Examples
* '''''Juanito''': Buenos días. Me llamo Juanito. ¿Cómo te llamas?''
*: Good day. My name is Juanito. What's your name?
* '''''Roberto''': Hola. Me llamo Roberto. ¿Cómo se escribe Juanito?''
*: Hello. I'm Benjamin. How do you spell Juanito?
* '''''Juanito''': Se escribe J (Jota); U (U); A (A); N (ene); I (i); T (te); O (o).''

[[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?#How do you spell that?|Go to the exercise]].

== Summary ==
In this lesson, you have learned
* How to greet people (''Hola; buenos días; adiós'').
* How to introduce yourself (''Me llamo Juanito'').
* How to introduce others (''Se llama Roberto'').
* How to say how you are (''Fenomenal; fatal; bien'').
* How to spell your name (''Se escribe J-U-A-N-I-T-O'').
* How to ask others about any of the above (''¿Cómo te llamas?; ¿Cómo estás?; ¿Cómo se escribe?'').
* The Spanish Alphabet and how letters are pronounced.
You should now do the exercise related to each section ([[Spanish/Exercises/¿Cómo te llamas?|found here]]), and translate [[#Dialogue|the dialogue at the top]] before moving on to [[Spanish/Lessons/¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?|lesson 2]]...

Drill the words covered in this lesson with this [http://www.flashcardexchange.com/flashcards/view/1768374 Flashcard Exchange deck].

{{Spanish/Nav}}

[[fr:Enseignement de l'espagnol/Leçon 1]]</text>
      <sha1>okzz21gaounit04jy5rvzwfpzi5i45e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Books with PDF version</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>109428</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088476</id>
      <parentid>3036653</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T11:58:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eragon Shadeslayer</username>
        <id>1570474</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>fixing typo (remove redirection from interwiki link)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="297" xml:space="preserve">__HIDDENCAT__
{{commons|Category:PDF Wikibooks}}
Lists books with {{tl|PDF version}} template.

[[Wikibooks:PDF versions]] is another page that lists WikiBooks with a PDF version.

This list might be outdated, check also [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:PDF version]].

[[Category:Print Versions]]</text>
      <sha1>mpw1cn0nyatc7posocyirpn3dnwmj3f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>112409</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088290</id>
      <parentid>4088166</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:27:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Unknown completion? */ Replied.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8735" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:TECH}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(50d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|key = bf05448a5bbfa2d2a4efbdad870e68a4
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}
Welcome to the '''Technical Assistance reading room'''. Get assistance on questions related to [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] markup, CSS, JavaScript, and such as they relate to Wikibooks. '''This is not a general-purpose technical support room'''.

To submit a ''bug notice or feature request'' for the MediaWiki software, visit [[phabricator:|Phabricator]].

To get more information about the ''MediaWiki software'', or to download your own copy, visit [[mw:|MediaWiki]]

There are also two IRC channels for technical help: [irc://irc.freenode.net/mediawiki #mediawiki] for issues about the software, and [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikimedia-tech #wikimedia-tech] for [[m:WMF|WMF]] server or configuration issues.
{{clear}}


== syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;console&quot; or lang=&quot;shell-session&quot; ==

The &amp;lt;''syntaxhighlight''&amp;gt; markup seems to be the right choice when showing an interactive shell session with full input and output.  See [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSSH/Cookbook/Public_Key_Authentication Public Key Authentication] for some examples.  However there are a lot of different language choices for the &amp;lt;''syntaxhighlight''&amp;gt; markup.  Which would be more appropriate for showing an input command line and its output, would it be &amp;lt;''syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;shell-session&quot;''&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;''syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;console&quot;''&amp;gt; instead? -- [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 08:29, 23 June 2022 (UTC)

: I'm going to go with just shell-session for the actual interactive shell sessions since those really are different IMHO from the console.  However, that decided, is there a generic designator for configuration files?  There are [https://pygments.org/languages/ several configuration languages] listed there, but they are specific to particular program.  What should be used generically?  -- [[User:Larsnooden|Larsnooden]] ([[User talk:Larsnooden|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Larsnooden|contribs]]) 03:41, 7 July 2022 (UTC)

== Unknown completion? ==

Hello, the [[Oberon|Oberon]] book displays a completion status of 90%. Someone please look at [[Shelf:Operating systems|Shelf:Operating systems]] and tell me why Oberon is listed under &quot;Unknown completion&quot;.&lt;br&gt;
Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 20:16, 5 July 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|PeterEasthope}} page status only supports &quot;0%&quot;, &quot;25%&quot;, &quot;50%&quot;, &quot;75%&quot; and &quot;100%. You need to choose the one of those that best suits your need. Try &quot;75%&quot; for this one. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 22:00, 5 July 2022 (UTC)
:: Now &amp;#123;{decistage|9|Jul 5, 2022}} and &amp;#123;{status|75|Jul 5, 2022}}. Still under &quot;Unknown completion&quot; in shelf lists. Must be something else. Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 22:13, 6 July 2022 (UTC)
:::{{ping|PeterEasthope}} did you add the % symbol? It is needed. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 16:10, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:::: That works. Thanks.&lt;br&gt;
:::: Next question relating to access: there are shelves Linux, Mac OS &amp; etc. How can I create Shelf:Oberon. Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 15:01, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
:::::{{ping|PeterEasthope}} See [[../Assistance]], a user already posted a question about making shelves . &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 04:56, 31 July 2022 (UTC)
:::::: Thanks. Appears that with only one book about Oberon, a shelf is not appropriate. OK, except that Oberon won't appear alongside Shelf:Linux, Shelf:Mac_OS &amp; etc. I'm not fussed about it. Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 16:27, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

== Automatically adding a category from a template ==

Hi, I would like to add a category automatically when placing a template within a Wikibook. 

Specifically, when adding the template [[Template:Beeton]] to a Cookbook page, I would like the category [[:Category:Public domain recipes]] to be added within the template itself so Wikibook Cookbook recipes that use that template are automatically included within the category. I have noticed that the template [[Template:Fruit]] does a similar thing to what I want to do, but I do not understand the markup up it has used to adapt it. [[User:Jamzze|Jamzze]] ([[User talk:Jamzze|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jamzze|contribs]]) 15:48, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|Jamzze}} try using
 &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Public domain recipes]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 16:14, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

== Custom book search ==

Is there a way to search a book, and be sent to the subpage instantly if it exists (case insensitive), so in [[Minecraft]], I search &quot;Cat&quot; or &quot;cat&quot; and get [[Minecraft/Cat]] instantly? But if the page does not exist, it sends me to the default search screen. Thanks. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 07:38, 21 July 2022 (UTC)
: Hi there, as I know of, there is a book search template. [[Template:Book search]] 
: I use it in my book [[Wikijunior:How Things Are Made]] Chhers [[User:Encik Tekateki|Encik Tekateki]] ([[User talk:Encik Tekateki|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Encik Tekateki|contribs]]) 12:46, 26 July 2022 (UTC)
::{{Ping|Tekateki}} I already know of tbat template. Is there a way to directly send you to the subpage if it exists? Doing so would make it easier for readers to find what they want quickly. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 17:26, 26 July 2022 (UTC)
::{{Ping|Encik Tekateki}}&lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 17:28, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

== Location of a picture relative to sections in a page ==

Hi,&lt;br&gt;
How can a picture be located in a specific section in a page. In the [[Medical_Machines/Crash_Carts|Crash carts page]] the picture of the top drawer should be in the Top Drawer subsection, the picture of the middle drawer in the Middle Drawer subsection &amp; etc. Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 15:12, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|PeterEasthope}} Simply add the image wikicode just below the section you want. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:34, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
::We're at crossed purposes? The source of the [[Medical_Machines/Crash_Carts|Crash carts page]] is organized as you describe but my intention is to have section title &quot;Top Drawer&quot; adjacent to the top of the WaterlooCrashCartTopDrawer image. Section title &quot;MiddleDrawer&quot; adjacent to the top of the WaterlooCrashCartMiddleDrawer image. And etc. Sections can be padded manually with &amp;#60;br&gt; or set in cells of a table but automatic padding would be better. Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:46, 31 July 2022 (UTC)
:::{{Ping|PeterEasthope}} I've gone ahead and fixed it. If a floating element, like a picture, is pushing content below it in a way you don't like, like it was there, use &lt;code&gt;{{tl|clear}}&lt;/code&gt; just above the content being pushed downward (or the section with that content). &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 04:43, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>9j9oy2u0qfezjq01ernox9tr8oj4jcp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gujarati/Common phrases</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>150926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088471</id>
      <parentid>4048372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T10:41:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2406:E003:1C2B:3601:D49D:CE44:9BF7:C69A</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Some useful words</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1255" xml:space="preserve">== Gujarati (Indian Language) ==
{| border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
! align=left | Translation
! align=left | Phrase (pronunciation)
!
|-
|Gujarati || Gujarati
|
|-
|Hello || Kem chho? (lit. How are you?)
|
|-
|How are you?
|Tame kem chho?
|
|-
|I'm fine/ I'm great
|Maja ma
|
|-
|Good bye || Aavjo (lit. Come again)
|
|-
|Yes || Haa 
|
|-
|No || Na
|
|-
|How much money? || Ketla paisa?
|
|-
|Where is your restroom? || Tamaru bathroom kya chhe?
|
|-
|Where are you? || Tame kya chho?
|
|-
|I would like to drink some water || Mane' pani pivu chhe
|
|-
|I am thirsty || Mane' taras lagi chhe
|
|-
|I am hungry || Mane' bhookh lagi chhe
|
|-
|I need help
|Mane madad ni jaroor chhe
|
|-
|What is your name? || Tamaru naam su chhe?
|
|-
|My name is Aviishek || Maru naam Aviishek chhe
|
|-
|Please
|Meherbani 
|
|-
|Thank you
|Aapno aabhar
|
|-
|I don't know
|Mane khabar nathi
|
|-
|I can't speak
|Hu nathi bolto
|
|-
|I want Water
|Mare Pani joiye chhe
|
|-
|Will you help me
|Tame Mane maddad  karso?
|
|-
|i love you
|Hu tane prēma karuṁ chu
|
|-
|Do you love me? 
|Suṁ tame mane prema karo cho
|
|-
|Anyone knows English?
|Koi ne English aavde chhe?

Anyone knows Gujarathi ?
koi ne gujarathi aavde chhe?
|
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>e3romf6p7qafm6m17efp5jms9lv49kp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Spanish/Thesaurus of Spanish Cognates/Everyday Vocabulary/Conversational Forms</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>151152</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088231</id>
      <parentid>3826828</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T14:46:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CAPTAIN RAJU</username>
        <id>2453815</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Spanish hola.ogg]] → [[File:Es-hola.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4741" xml:space="preserve">== Spanish (Romance) ==
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller;&quot;&gt;
'''Note 1:''' The Spanish words can be mainly categorized in three groups according to what is the stressed syllable: '''agudas''', when the stressed syllable is the last one; '''llanas''', when the stressed syllable is the penultimate (i.e. the last syllable but one); and '''esdrújulas''', when the stressed syllable is the antepenultimate (i.e. the last syllable but two).
*All the '''agudas''' words which end in vowel or in the consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the last one).
*All the '''llanas''' words which do NOT end in vowel nor in consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the penultimate one).
*And all the '''esdrújulas''' words have an written accent on the stressed syllable (the antepenultimate one).

'''Note 2:''' The ''s'' and ''th'' {{IPA|[θ]}} are not observed by all the Spanish speakers. In Latin America and some regions of Spain, people pronounce ''z'' and ''c'' before ''e'' and ''i'' (''th'' pronunciation) as an ''s'', this phenomenon is called ''seseo''. On the other hand, when the ''s'' pronunciation is replaced for the ''th'' one, it is called ''ceceo''.
&lt;/div&gt;

{| border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode';&quot;
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
! align=left | Translation
! align=left | Phrase
! align=left | IPA
! align=left | Pronunciation
! align=left | Remarks
|- valign=top
| Spanish
| '''castellano'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''español'''
| {{IPA|/kasteˈʎano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/kasteˈʝano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/espaˈɲol/}}
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| let's go 
| '''vámonos'''
| {{IPA|/'bamonos/}}
|
|
|- valign=top
| hello
| '''hola'''
| {{IPA|/ˈola/}}
| [[Media:Es-hola.oga|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| good morning
| '''buenos días'''
| {{IPA|/bwenosˈð̞iːas/}}
| [[Media:Spanish buenos días.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''good days''
|- valign=top
| goodbye
| '''adiós'''
| {{IPA|/aˈð̞jos/}}
| [[Media:Spanish adiós.ogg|listen]]
| from '''a Dios''' ''to God''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| see you (later)
| '''hasta luego'''
| {{IPA|/ˈastaˈlweɰo/}}
| [[Media:Spanish hasta luego.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''until (we see) later''
|- valign=top
| please
| '''por favor'''
| {{IPA|/por faˈβ̞or/}}
| [[Media:Spanish por favor.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''by favour''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| thank you
| '''gracias'''
| {{IPA|/ˈgraθjas/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈgrasjas/}}
| [[Media:Spanish gracias.ogg|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| you’re welcome&lt;br&gt;don’t mention it
| '''de nada'''
| {{IPA|/deˈnað̞a/}}
| [[Media:Spanish de nada.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''(it was) of nothing''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| sorry
| '''perdón'''
| {{IPA|/perˈð̞on/}}
| [[Media:Es-perdón.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''(I beg your) pardon''
|- valign=top 
| pardon me
| '''perdóneme'''
| {{IPA|/pɛɾˈð̞o.ne.me/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I’m sorry
| '''lo siento'''
| {{IPA|/loˈsjɛn.to/}}
| [[Media:Es-lo_siento.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''I feel (bad) for it''
|- valign=top
| forgive me
| '''discúlpame'''&lt;br /&gt;'''disculpe''' (formal)
| {{IPA|/disˈkul.pa.me/}}
| 
| 
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| this one
| '''éste''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésta''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈeste/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesta/}}
| [[Media:Spanish éste.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;[[Media:Es-esta.ogg|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| that one
| '''ése''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésa''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈese/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| that yonder
| '''aquél''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''aquella''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/aˈkel/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʎa/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʝa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| how much?
| '''¿cuánto?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈkwanto/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| English
| '''inglés'''
| {{IPA|[iŋˈgles]}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| yes
| '''sí'''
| {{IPA|/ˈsi/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| no
| '''no'''
| {{IPA|/ˈno/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| I don’t understand
| '''no comprendo'''&lt;br&gt;'''no entiendo'''
| {{IPA|/nokomˈprendo/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/noenˈtjendo/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I don’t know
| '''no sé'''
| {{IPA|/noˈse/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| where is the bathroom?
| '''¿Dónde está el baño?'''
| {{IPA|/dondesˈtaelˈβ̞aɲo/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| bless you
| '''salud'''
| {{IPA|/saˈluð̞/}}
| 
| lit. ''health''
|- valign=top 
| Do you speak English? (direct polite)
| '''¿Habla inglés?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈaβ̞laiŋˈgles/}}
| ([[Media:Spanish_habla_inglés.ogg|listen]])
| polite question
|- valign=top 
| What is your name? 
| '''¿Cómo se llama?'''
| 
| 
| polite question
|-valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| hopefully, I hope (that)
| '''ojalá (que)'''
| {{IPA| /oxaˈla/}} 
|
|
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>70060116yp4k8t0hmwcl9xm1cjenaqr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088232</id>
      <parentid>4088231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T14:47:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CAPTAIN RAJU</username>
        <id>2453815</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Spanish por favor.ogg]] → [[File:Es-por favor.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4736" xml:space="preserve">== Spanish (Romance) ==
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller;&quot;&gt;
'''Note 1:''' The Spanish words can be mainly categorized in three groups according to what is the stressed syllable: '''agudas''', when the stressed syllable is the last one; '''llanas''', when the stressed syllable is the penultimate (i.e. the last syllable but one); and '''esdrújulas''', when the stressed syllable is the antepenultimate (i.e. the last syllable but two).
*All the '''agudas''' words which end in vowel or in the consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the last one).
*All the '''llanas''' words which do NOT end in vowel nor in consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the penultimate one).
*And all the '''esdrújulas''' words have an written accent on the stressed syllable (the antepenultimate one).

'''Note 2:''' The ''s'' and ''th'' {{IPA|[θ]}} are not observed by all the Spanish speakers. In Latin America and some regions of Spain, people pronounce ''z'' and ''c'' before ''e'' and ''i'' (''th'' pronunciation) as an ''s'', this phenomenon is called ''seseo''. On the other hand, when the ''s'' pronunciation is replaced for the ''th'' one, it is called ''ceceo''.
&lt;/div&gt;

{| border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode';&quot;
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
! align=left | Translation
! align=left | Phrase
! align=left | IPA
! align=left | Pronunciation
! align=left | Remarks
|- valign=top
| Spanish
| '''castellano'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''español'''
| {{IPA|/kasteˈʎano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/kasteˈʝano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/espaˈɲol/}}
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| let's go 
| '''vámonos'''
| {{IPA|/'bamonos/}}
|
|
|- valign=top
| hello
| '''hola'''
| {{IPA|/ˈola/}}
| [[Media:Es-hola.oga|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| good morning
| '''buenos días'''
| {{IPA|/bwenosˈð̞iːas/}}
| [[Media:Spanish buenos días.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''good days''
|- valign=top
| goodbye
| '''adiós'''
| {{IPA|/aˈð̞jos/}}
| [[Media:Spanish adiós.ogg|listen]]
| from '''a Dios''' ''to God''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| see you (later)
| '''hasta luego'''
| {{IPA|/ˈastaˈlweɰo/}}
| [[Media:Spanish hasta luego.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''until (we see) later''
|- valign=top
| please
| '''por favor'''
| {{IPA|/por faˈβ̞or/}}
| [[Media:Es-por favor.oga|listen]]
| lit. ''by favour''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| thank you
| '''gracias'''
| {{IPA|/ˈgraθjas/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈgrasjas/}}
| [[Media:Spanish gracias.ogg|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| you’re welcome&lt;br&gt;don’t mention it
| '''de nada'''
| {{IPA|/deˈnað̞a/}}
| [[Media:Spanish de nada.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''(it was) of nothing''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| sorry
| '''perdón'''
| {{IPA|/perˈð̞on/}}
| [[Media:Es-perdón.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''(I beg your) pardon''
|- valign=top 
| pardon me
| '''perdóneme'''
| {{IPA|/pɛɾˈð̞o.ne.me/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I’m sorry
| '''lo siento'''
| {{IPA|/loˈsjɛn.to/}}
| [[Media:Es-lo_siento.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''I feel (bad) for it''
|- valign=top
| forgive me
| '''discúlpame'''&lt;br /&gt;'''disculpe''' (formal)
| {{IPA|/disˈkul.pa.me/}}
| 
| 
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| this one
| '''éste''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésta''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈeste/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesta/}}
| [[Media:Spanish éste.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;[[Media:Es-esta.ogg|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| that one
| '''ése''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésa''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈese/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| that yonder
| '''aquél''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''aquella''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/aˈkel/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʎa/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʝa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| how much?
| '''¿cuánto?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈkwanto/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| English
| '''inglés'''
| {{IPA|[iŋˈgles]}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| yes
| '''sí'''
| {{IPA|/ˈsi/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| no
| '''no'''
| {{IPA|/ˈno/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| I don’t understand
| '''no comprendo'''&lt;br&gt;'''no entiendo'''
| {{IPA|/nokomˈprendo/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/noenˈtjendo/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I don’t know
| '''no sé'''
| {{IPA|/noˈse/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| where is the bathroom?
| '''¿Dónde está el baño?'''
| {{IPA|/dondesˈtaelˈβ̞aɲo/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| bless you
| '''salud'''
| {{IPA|/saˈluð̞/}}
| 
| lit. ''health''
|- valign=top 
| Do you speak English? (direct polite)
| '''¿Habla inglés?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈaβ̞laiŋˈgles/}}
| ([[Media:Spanish_habla_inglés.ogg|listen]])
| polite question
|- valign=top 
| What is your name? 
| '''¿Cómo se llama?'''
| 
| 
| polite question
|-valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| hopefully, I hope (that)
| '''ojalá (que)'''
| {{IPA| /oxaˈla/}} 
|
|
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>n84cfm9axlt103fz9fzv4feg8e6ckfb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088286</id>
      <parentid>4088232</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:23:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Spanish gracias.ogg]] → [[File:Es-gracias.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4731" xml:space="preserve">== Spanish (Romance) ==
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller;&quot;&gt;
'''Note 1:''' The Spanish words can be mainly categorized in three groups according to what is the stressed syllable: '''agudas''', when the stressed syllable is the last one; '''llanas''', when the stressed syllable is the penultimate (i.e. the last syllable but one); and '''esdrújulas''', when the stressed syllable is the antepenultimate (i.e. the last syllable but two).
*All the '''agudas''' words which end in vowel or in the consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the last one).
*All the '''llanas''' words which do NOT end in vowel nor in consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the penultimate one).
*And all the '''esdrújulas''' words have an written accent on the stressed syllable (the antepenultimate one).

'''Note 2:''' The ''s'' and ''th'' {{IPA|[θ]}} are not observed by all the Spanish speakers. In Latin America and some regions of Spain, people pronounce ''z'' and ''c'' before ''e'' and ''i'' (''th'' pronunciation) as an ''s'', this phenomenon is called ''seseo''. On the other hand, when the ''s'' pronunciation is replaced for the ''th'' one, it is called ''ceceo''.
&lt;/div&gt;

{| border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode';&quot;
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
! align=left | Translation
! align=left | Phrase
! align=left | IPA
! align=left | Pronunciation
! align=left | Remarks
|- valign=top
| Spanish
| '''castellano'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''español'''
| {{IPA|/kasteˈʎano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/kasteˈʝano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/espaˈɲol/}}
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| let's go 
| '''vámonos'''
| {{IPA|/'bamonos/}}
|
|
|- valign=top
| hello
| '''hola'''
| {{IPA|/ˈola/}}
| [[Media:Es-hola.oga|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| good morning
| '''buenos días'''
| {{IPA|/bwenosˈð̞iːas/}}
| [[Media:Spanish buenos días.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''good days''
|- valign=top
| goodbye
| '''adiós'''
| {{IPA|/aˈð̞jos/}}
| [[Media:Spanish adiós.ogg|listen]]
| from '''a Dios''' ''to God''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| see you (later)
| '''hasta luego'''
| {{IPA|/ˈastaˈlweɰo/}}
| [[Media:Spanish hasta luego.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''until (we see) later''
|- valign=top
| please
| '''por favor'''
| {{IPA|/por faˈβ̞or/}}
| [[Media:Es-por favor.oga|listen]]
| lit. ''by favour''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| thank you
| '''gracias'''
| {{IPA|/ˈgraθjas/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈgrasjas/}}
| [[Media:Es-gracias.oga|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| you’re welcome&lt;br&gt;don’t mention it
| '''de nada'''
| {{IPA|/deˈnað̞a/}}
| [[Media:Spanish de nada.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''(it was) of nothing''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| sorry
| '''perdón'''
| {{IPA|/perˈð̞on/}}
| [[Media:Es-perdón.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''(I beg your) pardon''
|- valign=top 
| pardon me
| '''perdóneme'''
| {{IPA|/pɛɾˈð̞o.ne.me/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I’m sorry
| '''lo siento'''
| {{IPA|/loˈsjɛn.to/}}
| [[Media:Es-lo_siento.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''I feel (bad) for it''
|- valign=top
| forgive me
| '''discúlpame'''&lt;br /&gt;'''disculpe''' (formal)
| {{IPA|/disˈkul.pa.me/}}
| 
| 
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| this one
| '''éste''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésta''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈeste/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesta/}}
| [[Media:Spanish éste.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;[[Media:Es-esta.ogg|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| that one
| '''ése''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésa''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈese/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| that yonder
| '''aquél''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''aquella''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/aˈkel/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʎa/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʝa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| how much?
| '''¿cuánto?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈkwanto/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| English
| '''inglés'''
| {{IPA|[iŋˈgles]}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| yes
| '''sí'''
| {{IPA|/ˈsi/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| no
| '''no'''
| {{IPA|/ˈno/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| I don’t understand
| '''no comprendo'''&lt;br&gt;'''no entiendo'''
| {{IPA|/nokomˈprendo/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/noenˈtjendo/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I don’t know
| '''no sé'''
| {{IPA|/noˈse/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| where is the bathroom?
| '''¿Dónde está el baño?'''
| {{IPA|/dondesˈtaelˈβ̞aɲo/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| bless you
| '''salud'''
| {{IPA|/saˈluð̞/}}
| 
| lit. ''health''
|- valign=top 
| Do you speak English? (direct polite)
| '''¿Habla inglés?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈaβ̞laiŋˈgles/}}
| ([[Media:Spanish_habla_inglés.ogg|listen]])
| polite question
|- valign=top 
| What is your name? 
| '''¿Cómo se llama?'''
| 
| 
| polite question
|-valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| hopefully, I hope (that)
| '''ojalá (que)'''
| {{IPA| /oxaˈla/}} 
|
|
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>70982cs528vgx4fbsuzg8apq9q0hwpw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088288</id>
      <parentid>4088286</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:24:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Spanish hasta luego.ogg]] → [[File:Es-hasta luego.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4726" xml:space="preserve">== Spanish (Romance) ==
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller;&quot;&gt;
'''Note 1:''' The Spanish words can be mainly categorized in three groups according to what is the stressed syllable: '''agudas''', when the stressed syllable is the last one; '''llanas''', when the stressed syllable is the penultimate (i.e. the last syllable but one); and '''esdrújulas''', when the stressed syllable is the antepenultimate (i.e. the last syllable but two).
*All the '''agudas''' words which end in vowel or in the consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the last one).
*All the '''llanas''' words which do NOT end in vowel nor in consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the penultimate one).
*And all the '''esdrújulas''' words have an written accent on the stressed syllable (the antepenultimate one).

'''Note 2:''' The ''s'' and ''th'' {{IPA|[θ]}} are not observed by all the Spanish speakers. In Latin America and some regions of Spain, people pronounce ''z'' and ''c'' before ''e'' and ''i'' (''th'' pronunciation) as an ''s'', this phenomenon is called ''seseo''. On the other hand, when the ''s'' pronunciation is replaced for the ''th'' one, it is called ''ceceo''.
&lt;/div&gt;

{| border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode';&quot;
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
! align=left | Translation
! align=left | Phrase
! align=left | IPA
! align=left | Pronunciation
! align=left | Remarks
|- valign=top
| Spanish
| '''castellano'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''español'''
| {{IPA|/kasteˈʎano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/kasteˈʝano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/espaˈɲol/}}
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| let's go 
| '''vámonos'''
| {{IPA|/'bamonos/}}
|
|
|- valign=top
| hello
| '''hola'''
| {{IPA|/ˈola/}}
| [[Media:Es-hola.oga|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| good morning
| '''buenos días'''
| {{IPA|/bwenosˈð̞iːas/}}
| [[Media:Spanish buenos días.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''good days''
|- valign=top
| goodbye
| '''adiós'''
| {{IPA|/aˈð̞jos/}}
| [[Media:Spanish adiós.ogg|listen]]
| from '''a Dios''' ''to God''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| see you (later)
| '''hasta luego'''
| {{IPA|/ˈastaˈlweɰo/}}
| [[Media:Es-hasta luego.oga|listen]]
| lit. ''until (we see) later''
|- valign=top
| please
| '''por favor'''
| {{IPA|/por faˈβ̞or/}}
| [[Media:Es-por favor.oga|listen]]
| lit. ''by favour''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| thank you
| '''gracias'''
| {{IPA|/ˈgraθjas/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈgrasjas/}}
| [[Media:Es-gracias.oga|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| you’re welcome&lt;br&gt;don’t mention it
| '''de nada'''
| {{IPA|/deˈnað̞a/}}
| [[Media:Spanish de nada.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''(it was) of nothing''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| sorry
| '''perdón'''
| {{IPA|/perˈð̞on/}}
| [[Media:Es-perdón.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''(I beg your) pardon''
|- valign=top 
| pardon me
| '''perdóneme'''
| {{IPA|/pɛɾˈð̞o.ne.me/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I’m sorry
| '''lo siento'''
| {{IPA|/loˈsjɛn.to/}}
| [[Media:Es-lo_siento.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''I feel (bad) for it''
|- valign=top
| forgive me
| '''discúlpame'''&lt;br /&gt;'''disculpe''' (formal)
| {{IPA|/disˈkul.pa.me/}}
| 
| 
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| this one
| '''éste''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésta''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈeste/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesta/}}
| [[Media:Spanish éste.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;[[Media:Es-esta.ogg|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| that one
| '''ése''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésa''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈese/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| that yonder
| '''aquél''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''aquella''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/aˈkel/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʎa/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʝa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| how much?
| '''¿cuánto?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈkwanto/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| English
| '''inglés'''
| {{IPA|[iŋˈgles]}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| yes
| '''sí'''
| {{IPA|/ˈsi/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| no
| '''no'''
| {{IPA|/ˈno/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| I don’t understand
| '''no comprendo'''&lt;br&gt;'''no entiendo'''
| {{IPA|/nokomˈprendo/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/noenˈtjendo/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I don’t know
| '''no sé'''
| {{IPA|/noˈse/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| where is the bathroom?
| '''¿Dónde está el baño?'''
| {{IPA|/dondesˈtaelˈβ̞aɲo/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| bless you
| '''salud'''
| {{IPA|/saˈluð̞/}}
| 
| lit. ''health''
|- valign=top 
| Do you speak English? (direct polite)
| '''¿Habla inglés?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈaβ̞laiŋˈgles/}}
| ([[Media:Spanish_habla_inglés.ogg|listen]])
| polite question
|- valign=top 
| What is your name? 
| '''¿Cómo se llama?'''
| 
| 
| polite question
|-valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| hopefully, I hope (that)
| '''ojalá (que)'''
| {{IPA| /oxaˈla/}} 
|
|
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gsain3eap52seb3ki5zl7v5gd0j1lh5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088289</id>
      <parentid>4088288</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:26:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>777sms</username>
        <id>964266</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Spanish de nada.ogg]] → [[File:Es-de nada.oga]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4721" xml:space="preserve">== Spanish (Romance) ==
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller;&quot;&gt;
'''Note 1:''' The Spanish words can be mainly categorized in three groups according to what is the stressed syllable: '''agudas''', when the stressed syllable is the last one; '''llanas''', when the stressed syllable is the penultimate (i.e. the last syllable but one); and '''esdrújulas''', when the stressed syllable is the antepenultimate (i.e. the last syllable but two).
*All the '''agudas''' words which end in vowel or in the consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the last one).
*All the '''llanas''' words which do NOT end in vowel nor in consonants ''n'' or ''s'', have a written accent on the stressed syllable (the penultimate one).
*And all the '''esdrújulas''' words have an written accent on the stressed syllable (the antepenultimate one).

'''Note 2:''' The ''s'' and ''th'' {{IPA|[θ]}} are not observed by all the Spanish speakers. In Latin America and some regions of Spain, people pronounce ''z'' and ''c'' before ''e'' and ''i'' (''th'' pronunciation) as an ''s'', this phenomenon is called ''seseo''. On the other hand, when the ''s'' pronunciation is replaced for the ''th'' one, it is called ''ceceo''.
&lt;/div&gt;

{| border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style=&quot;font-family:'Lucida Sans Unicode';&quot;
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee
! align=left | Translation
! align=left | Phrase
! align=left | IPA
! align=left | Pronunciation
! align=left | Remarks
|- valign=top
| Spanish
| '''castellano'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''español'''
| {{IPA|/kasteˈʎano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/kasteˈʝano/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/espaˈɲol/}}
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| let's go 
| '''vámonos'''
| {{IPA|/'bamonos/}}
|
|
|- valign=top
| hello
| '''hola'''
| {{IPA|/ˈola/}}
| [[Media:Es-hola.oga|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| good morning
| '''buenos días'''
| {{IPA|/bwenosˈð̞iːas/}}
| [[Media:Spanish buenos días.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''good days''
|- valign=top
| goodbye
| '''adiós'''
| {{IPA|/aˈð̞jos/}}
| [[Media:Spanish adiós.ogg|listen]]
| from '''a Dios''' ''to God''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| see you (later)
| '''hasta luego'''
| {{IPA|/ˈastaˈlweɰo/}}
| [[Media:Es-hasta luego.oga|listen]]
| lit. ''until (we see) later''
|- valign=top
| please
| '''por favor'''
| {{IPA|/por faˈβ̞or/}}
| [[Media:Es-por favor.oga|listen]]
| lit. ''by favour''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| thank you
| '''gracias'''
| {{IPA|/ˈgraθjas/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈgrasjas/}}
| [[Media:Es-gracias.oga|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| you’re welcome&lt;br&gt;don’t mention it
| '''de nada'''
| {{IPA|/deˈnað̞a/}}
| [[Media:Es-de nada.oga|listen]]
| lit. ''(it was) of nothing''
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| sorry
| '''perdón'''
| {{IPA|/perˈð̞on/}}
| [[Media:Es-perdón.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''(I beg your) pardon''
|- valign=top 
| pardon me
| '''perdóneme'''
| {{IPA|/pɛɾˈð̞o.ne.me/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I’m sorry
| '''lo siento'''
| {{IPA|/loˈsjɛn.to/}}
| [[Media:Es-lo_siento.ogg|listen]]
| lit. ''I feel (bad) for it''
|- valign=top
| forgive me
| '''discúlpame'''&lt;br /&gt;'''disculpe''' (formal)
| {{IPA|/disˈkul.pa.me/}}
| 
| 
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| this one
| '''éste''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésta''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈeste/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesta/}}
| [[Media:Spanish éste.ogg|listen]]&lt;br&gt;[[Media:Es-esta.ogg|listen]]
| 
|- valign=top
| that one
| '''ése''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''ésa''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/ˈese/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/ˈesa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| that yonder
| '''aquél''' (masculine)&lt;br&gt;'''aquella''' (feminine)
| {{IPA|/aˈkel/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʎa/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/aˈkeʝa/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| how much?
| '''¿cuánto?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈkwanto/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| English
| '''inglés'''
| {{IPA|[iŋˈgles]}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| yes
| '''sí'''
| {{IPA|/ˈsi/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| no
| '''no'''
| {{IPA|/ˈno/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| I don’t understand
| '''no comprendo'''&lt;br&gt;'''no entiendo'''
| {{IPA|/nokomˈprendo/}}&lt;br&gt;{{IPA|/noenˈtjendo/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| I don’t know
| '''no sé'''
| {{IPA|/noˈse/}}
| 
| 
|- valign=top
| where is the bathroom?
| '''¿Dónde está el baño?'''
| {{IPA|/dondesˈtaelˈβ̞aɲo/}}
|
|- valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| bless you
| '''salud'''
| {{IPA|/saˈluð̞/}}
| 
| lit. ''health''
|- valign=top 
| Do you speak English? (direct polite)
| '''¿Habla inglés?'''
| {{IPA|/ˈaβ̞laiŋˈgles/}}
| ([[Media:Spanish_habla_inglés.ogg|listen]])
| polite question
|- valign=top 
| What is your name? 
| '''¿Cómo se llama?'''
| 
| 
| polite question
|-valign=top bgcolor=#f8f8f8
| hopefully, I hope (that)
| '''ojalá (que)'''
| {{IPA| /oxaˈla/}} 
|
|
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>54m0zx97o8nxx1pgrvzf5rkwcgl8l6o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nc3/3...c6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>190349</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088420</id>
      <parentid>3229703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:07:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>166.181.88.26</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>No longer describe 2012 as recent (also abide by MOS:RELTIME)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2546" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position|=
|Queen's Gambit Declined|
   |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|=
   |pd|pd|  |  |  |pd|pd|pd|=
   |  |  |pd|  |pd|  |  |  |=
   |  |  |  |pd|  |  |  |  |=
   |  |  |pl|pl|  |  |  |  |=
   |  |  |nl|  |  |  |  |  |=
   |pl|pl|  |  |pl|pl|pl|pl|=
   |rl|  |bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|=
||
}}
=Queen's Gambit Declined=
===3...c6===

In this position, by delaying Nf6, Black keeps many opportunities open. He can keep on playing in the normal Queen's Gambit Declined (QGD) fashion with 4...Nf6 (whether white plays e3 or Nf3), or can try different other options.

4.Nf3 can lead to regular QGD games or, for example, the Noteboom variation : 4...dxc4. Here, Black aims to get two passed flanked pawns in exchange for White's big center. The middlegame is critical, but if Black survives, then the endgame is favorable for him.

On the other hand 4.e3 can lead to a stonewall defense position with 4...f5, where Black's usual plan is a quick attack on the king side and can often involve a rook lift to f6.

Another option for White, though less popular, is the Marshall Gambit of the Semi-Slav, with 4.e4. This move aims at exploiting Black's lack of control of e4, not having played Nf6. Main line goes 4...dxe4 5.Nxe4 Bb4+ 6.Bd2 Qxd4 7.Bxb4 Qxe4+ with a sharp game. Usually White blocks with Be2 and leaves the g2 pawn hanging. Black can capture it, but not the rook (Bf3 wins the queen). In return, White can have annoying pressure and tactics involving the d6 weakness. An example game played in this line is Bacrot - Morozevich, Biel Rd2, 2012.

==Theory table==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}.

'''1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6'''
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
                &lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
                &lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;3&lt;/th&gt;
                &lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;4&lt;/th&gt;
                &lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;5&lt;/th&gt;
                &lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;6&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
                &lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;'''Queen's Gambit Declined'''&lt;/th&gt;
                &lt;td&gt;[[/4. Nf3|Nf3]]&lt;br&gt;Nf6&lt;/td&gt;
                &lt;td&gt;=&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
                &lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;'''Queen's Gambit Declined Semi-Slav'''&lt;/th&gt;
                &lt;td&gt;[[/4. e3|e3]]&lt;br&gt;Nf6&lt;/td&gt;
                &lt;td&gt;=&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
         &lt;tr&gt;
                &lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;'''Marshall Gambit of the Semi-Slav'''&lt;/th&gt;
                &lt;td&gt;[[/4. e4|e4]]&lt;br&gt;dxe4&lt;/td&gt;
                &lt;td&gt;∞&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia|Queen's Gambit Declined}}


{{ChessStub}}</text>
      <sha1>pe8cb6w1b1nni3i54yxyi36mc27iz1o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Tequila Lime Hot Wings</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>199632</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088228</id>
      <parentid>4088224</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T12:58:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nostriker</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>style, format, language, links</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="799" xml:space="preserve">{{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Southwestern cuisine|Southwestern U.S. cuisine]]

Tangy with some heat.

== Ingredients ==
* 36 [[Cookbook:Chicken#Wing|chicken wingettes]]
* Salt
* [[Cookbook:Black Pepper|Black pepper]]
* ¾ cup [[Cookbook:Tequila|tequila]]
* 6 tbsp freshly-squeezed [[Cookbook:Lime|lime]] juice
* 3 tbsp hot sauce
* Oil for deep frying

== Procedure ==
#Sprinkle wingettes with salt and black pepper.
#Heat oil to 350°F.  Fry wings in batches for 12 minutes. Drain on a rack.
#Combine remaining ingredients and boil over high heat until reduced by ⅓.
#Toss wings with sauce mixture and serve warm.

[[Category:Southwestern recipes]]
[[Category:Chicken wing recipes]]
[[Category:Deep fried recipes]]
[[Category:Lime recipes]]
[[Category:Main course recipes]]
[[Category:Tequila recipes]]</text>
      <sha1>8kgulvv9lkn10yyml9p9lewuf7za7pu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>BarCamp - How to Run Your Own</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>217720</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088325</id>
      <parentid>3462012</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:20:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2516" xml:space="preserve">BarCamp and other derivative events are a fun and rewarding experience for everyone involved. Since you're reading this, you're probably thinking about setting up your own or helping out on one which is going ahead in the near future.

This guide is meant as a introduction to the BarCamp phenomenon and bring together tips, tricks and clever use of social engineering to make the event take place and be the best it could.

Why the need for this wikibook at all? Well BarCamp.org is a great place, but it's frankly too alive and good information is scattered across the site and buried underneath the next lot of BarCamps. There was also nowhere to collaboratively come to a decision about the best way to do certain things or what things should be avoided based on the experience of other BarCamps around the world.

The format is punchy one liners of advice opposed to long length discussions (which are best served on the discussion/talk pages).

== Contents ==
{{Book search}}
: [[/Noted contributors/]]  
   
===BarCamp Legacy===
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/History of the Unconference/]]   
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/The first BarCamp/]]   
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/The rules of BarCamp/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/BarCamp Code Of Conduct/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/BarCamp publicity/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/BarCamp or not/]]

===How to run your own===
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Planning/]]   
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Venues/]]   
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Creating a team/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Developing your BarCamp/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 22, 2009}} [[/Schedule and the wall/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Telling people about it/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 22, 2009}} [[/Networking and web access/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Sponsorship/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Hosting/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Food + Drink/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Welcome talk/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Dealing with late changes/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Oct 4, 2010}} [[/Organizing an International Barcamp/]]

===Successful BarCamps===
{{Wikipedia|BarCamp}}
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Special surprises/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/Notables/]]
# {{stage short|00%|Dec 21, 2009}} [[/BarCamp Records/]]

{{Shelves|Miscellaneous}}
{{Alphabetical|B}}
{{status|25%}}
__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__</text>
      <sha1>oh1c9zy1ich24y960tzehvqh94q5or7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Subject talk:English language</title>
    <ns>113</ns>
    <id>230922</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088303</id>
      <parentid>2140201</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:03:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>41.115.9.204</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hiv what is Hiv is human immunity virus */ new section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="654" xml:space="preserve">{{WikiProject Languages}}

== Add some external links to Wiki projects ==

My proposal - add some external links to other Wiki projects:
{{wikipedia|English language}}
{{commonscat|English language}}
{{wiktionary|Category:English language}}
{{wikiquote|English language}}
{{wikisource|Category:English language}}
{{wikiversity|Topic:English Language}}
--[[User:Averaver|Averaver]] ([[User talk:Averaver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Averaver|contribs]]) 12:08, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

== Hiv what is Hiv is human immunity virus ==

Tjb [[Special:Contributions/41.115.9.204|41.115.9.204]] ([[User talk:41.115.9.204|discuss]]) 17:03, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>tie75z6t6steadnwbe7y2ifbuy06886</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088304</id>
      <parentid>4088303</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:03:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>41.115.9.204</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* English */ new section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="789" xml:space="preserve">{{WikiProject Languages}}

== Add some external links to Wiki projects ==

My proposal - add some external links to other Wiki projects:
{{wikipedia|English language}}
{{commonscat|English language}}
{{wiktionary|Category:English language}}
{{wikiquote|English language}}
{{wikisource|Category:English language}}
{{wikiversity|Topic:English Language}}
--[[User:Averaver|Averaver]] ([[User talk:Averaver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Averaver|contribs]]) 12:08, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

== Hiv what is Hiv is human immunity virus ==

Tjb [[Special:Contributions/41.115.9.204|41.115.9.204]] ([[User talk:41.115.9.204|discuss]]) 17:03, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

== English ==

Hiv [[Special:Contributions/41.115.9.204|41.115.9.204]] ([[User talk:41.115.9.204|discuss]]) 17:03, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>82dxcek0fhkk86t4j1p7lli1tjl386m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>American Indians Today</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>237524</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088446</id>
      <parentid>3434697</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:38:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Table of contents */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="574" xml:space="preserve">==Table of contents==
{{Book search}}
*[[/Preface/]]
*[[/Introduction/]]
*[[/History of the American Indians from the 19th Century to the 21st/]]

===Living conditions and information about the American Indians today===
*[[/Tribes, population and organization in and out the reservations/]]
*[[/Contemporary education and culture/]]
*[[/Economies and sources of income/]]
*[[/Current problems/]]
*[[/American Indian relief organizations/]]

===Appendix===
*[[/Bibliography/]]
*[[/Annotations and quotations/]]

{{shelves|Cultural sociology}}
{{alphabetical|A}}
{{status|0%}}</text>
      <sha1>9amdpak2y5wey9d9fb93hcsld81j0ew</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088447</id>
      <parentid>4088446</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:43:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added banner</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="753" xml:space="preserve">&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;300px&quot;&gt;
File:UIATF Pow Wow 2009 - 023.jpg
File:Byron Mallott inaugural speech.jpg
File:Navajo Cowboy-1.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
{{Book title|{{BOOKNAME}}|}}
==Table of contents==
{{Book search}}
*[[/Preface/]]
*[[/Introduction/]]
*[[/History of the American Indians from the 19th Century to the 21st/]]

===Living conditions and information about the American Indians today===
*[[/Tribes, population and organization in and out the reservations/]]
*[[/Contemporary education and culture/]]
*[[/Economies and sources of income/]]
*[[/Current problems/]]
*[[/American Indian relief organizations/]]

===Appendix===
*[[/Bibliography/]]
*[[/Annotations and quotations/]]

{{shelves|Cultural sociology}}
{{alphabetical|A}}
{{status|0%}}</text>
      <sha1>q0bvnng1lod5695tsm8e3st5i0pmxdr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088448</id>
      <parentid>4088447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:43:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="769" xml:space="preserve">&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;300px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:UIATF Pow Wow 2009 - 023.jpg
File:Byron Mallott inaugural speech.jpg
File:Navajo Cowboy-1.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
{{Book title|{{BOOKNAME}}|}}
==Table of contents==
{{Book search}}
*[[/Preface/]]
*[[/Introduction/]]
*[[/History of the American Indians from the 19th Century to the 21st/]]

===Living conditions and information about the American Indians today===
*[[/Tribes, population and organization in and out the reservations/]]
*[[/Contemporary education and culture/]]
*[[/Economies and sources of income/]]
*[[/Current problems/]]
*[[/American Indian relief organizations/]]

===Appendix===
*[[/Bibliography/]]
*[[/Annotations and quotations/]]

{{shelves|Cultural sociology}}
{{alphabetical|A}}
{{status|0%}}</text>
      <sha1>fi3yb7mwvnjlbucdiu49c1rv8w7yu74</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scrabble/Two Letter Words</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>246784</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088435</id>
      <parentid>4087154</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:11:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>24.16.195.29</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Edit the number of words to accurately reflect the list below</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2682" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- 

    BEFORE EDITING PLEASE READ THIS:

    THERE ARE 107/127 ACCEPTABLE LETTERS: BEFORE EDITING TO CHANGE THIS PLEASE PROVIDE A SOURCE! OTHERWISE, YOU WILL BE REVERTED!

    AA, AB, AD, AE, AG, AH, AI, AL, AM, AN, AR, AS, AT, AW, AX, AY = 16
    BA, BE, BI, BO, BY = 5 
    (+ CH = 1)
    DA, DE, DO = 3  (+ DI = 4)
    ED, EF, EH, EL, EM, EN, ER, ES, ET, EW, EX = 11 (+ EA, EE = 13)
    FA, FE = 2 ( + FY = 3)
    GI, GO = 2 (+ GU = 3)
    HA, HE, HI, HM, HO = 5
    ID, IF, IN, IS, IT = 5 ( + IO = 6)
    JO = 1 ( + JA = 2)
    KA, KI = 2 ( + KO, KY = 4)
    LA, LI, LO = 3
    MA, ME, MI, MM, MO, MU, MY = 7
    NA, NE, NO, NU = 4 (+ NY = 5)
    OD, OE, OF, OH, OI, OK, OM, ON, OP, OR, OS, OW, OX, OY = 14 (+ OB, OO, OU = 17)
    PA, PE, PI, PO = 4
    QI = 1
    RE = 1
    SH, SI, SO = 3 (+ ST = 4)
    TA, TE, TI, TO = 4
    UH, UM, UN, UP, US, UT = 6 (+ UG, UR = 8)
    WE, WO = 2
    XI, XU = 2 
    YA, YE, YO = 3 (+ YU = 4)
    ZA = 1 (+ ZE, ZO = 3)
    
    TOTAL = 107 FOR TWL ( or + 20 = 127 FOR CSW)

    PLEASE DO NOT ALTER WITHOUT PROVIDING A SOURCE THIS HAS CHANGED! 

--&gt;
Having a knowledge of all of the two-letter words will greatly improve your Scrabble gameplay, either when you need to build off an existing tile to form a new word, or at the end of the game when you have two or three tiles left and need to dump them off as quickly as possible.  Two-letter words are also very useful when playing a new word parallel (alongside, above, or beneath) to an existing word.

=== Tournament Word List (TWL) 2-letter words===

There are 110 acceptable 2-letter words listed in the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, 6th Edition (OSPD6), and the Official Tournament and Club Word List (OTCWL, or simply, TWL):

*AA, AB, AD, AE, AG, AH, AI, AL, AM, AN, AR, AS, AT, AW, AX, AY
*BA, BE, BI, BO, BY
*DA, DE, DO
*ED, EF, EH, EL, EM, EN, ER, ES, ET, EW, EX
*FA, FE
*GI, GO
*HA, HE, HI, HM, HO
*ID, IF, IN, IS, IT
*JO, JA
*KA, KI
*LA, LI, LO
*MA, ME, MI, MM, MO, MU, MY
*NA, NE, NO, NU
*OD, OE, OF, OH, OI, OK, OM, ON, OP, OR, OS, OW, OX, OY
*PA, PE, PI, PO
*QI
*RE
*SH, SI, SO
*TA, TE, TI, TO
*UH, UM, UN, UP, US, UT
*WE, WO
*XI, XU 
*YA, YE, YO
*ZA, ZE, ZO

===Collins Scrabble Word (CSW) 2-letter words===

[[File:Collins Scrabble Words 2 letters history.svg|thumb|300px|Collins Scrabble Words (CSW) two letter words]]

As of 2019, all 107 TWL-acceptable 2-letter words are in Collins Scrabble Words (CSW). 

There are 20 2-letter words that are acceptable in ''only'' CSW, making a total of 127 CSW-acceptable 2-letter words:

*CH
*DI
*EA, EE
*FY
*GU
*IO
*JA
*KO, KY
*NY
*OB, OO, OU
*ST
*UG, UR
*YU
*ZE, ZO

Note: PH was removed from CSW in 2007.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7r5zldxnq45pmyjd4orl39sqcjex13a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikijunior:Europe/Geography of Europe</title>
    <ns>110</ns>
    <id>247803</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088227</id>
      <parentid>4086096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T12:49:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2001:8003:3787:8B00:A4D9:997A:83CA:3631</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Landlocked Countries */ Removed Armenia &amp; corrected total, as Armenia is not a European country</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3617" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;{{SUBPAGENAME}}&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}

{{wikipedia|Geography of Europe}}
Europe is a continent of over 50 countries with a border that is largely undefined (defining which countries are European and which aren't is argued a lot) and with many different landscapes, climates and wildlife.
[[Image:Mbcourmayeur0001.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Mont Blonc (Monte Bianco), the highest mountain in western Europe]]
== Islands of Europe ==
[[Image:Laponie1.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Arctic conditions in Lapland, Finland]]
Europe has many thousands of islands and some of these are countries ([[../Iceland/]] and [[../Cyprus/]], for example).  The largest islands are Iceland, Great Britain, Ireland (includes the country called &quot;Ireland&quot; and Northern Ireland which is part of the UK), Sicily, Spitsbergen and Sardinia.

[[Image:Northwestern_Europe_at_Night.JPG|thumb|250px|right|North-west Europe at night, London on the left, Brussels and Amsterdam above and to the right of London, Paris below and Milan can be seen near the far-right of the picture]]

== Mountains of Europe ==

In the east of the continent are the [[w:Ural mountains|Ural mountains]] (click the mountain links to read the article on Wikipedia) which separate Europe from Asia.  North of the Mediterranean Sea are the [[w:Alps|Alps]]  which run through [[../France/]], [[../Switzerland/]], [[../Italy/]], [[../Germany/]], [[../Austria/]] and [[../Slovenia/]].  In the centre and south of the continent are the [[w:Carpathian Mountains|Carpathian Mountains]].

== Climate of Europe ==

The far north (Iceland, [[../Norway/]], [[../Sweden/]], [[../Finland/]] and [[../Russia/]]) pass through the Arctic Circle which is the area near the North Pole where temperatures can be very low.  Countries to the east and inland of Europe can have very cold winters but those in the west have milder winters because of warmth from the Gulf Stream which brings hotter temperatures.  Southern areas around the Mediterranean Sea can have constantly hot summers and pleasant winters.

== Volcanoes and Other Natural Occurrences in Europe ==
[[Image:EtnaAvió.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Etna, Sicily, Italy erupting]]
Europe has 11 volcanoes.  The second-highest and most famous is Etna in Sicily, Italy at 3,263 metres.  It is well-known for its height, its close location to the major city of Catania and its constant eruptions over the past few years.  Europe's highest volcano is Pico del Teide in the Canary Island, [[../Spain|Spain]].

== Landlocked Countries ==
A landlocked country is a country which has no connection to a sea or ocean.  Countries like [[../Georgia|Georgia]] and [[../Ukraine|Ukraine]] are not landlocked because they have coastlines on the Black Sea.  There are 15 landlocked countries in Europe: [[../Andorra|Andorra]], [[../Austria|Austria]], [[../Belarus|Belarus]], [[../Kosovo|Kosovo]], [[../Czech Republic|Czechia]], [[../Hungary|Hungary]], [[../Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]], [[../Luxembourg|Luxembourg]], [[../North Macedonia|North Macedonia]], [[../Moldova|Moldova]], [[../San Marino|San Marino]], [[../Serbia|Serbia]], [[../Slovakia|Slovakia]], Switzerland and [[../Holy See|Vatican City]].  Liechtenstein is unique in Europe because it is doubly-landlocked meaning it is both landlocked and surrounded by countries which are also landlocked, a situation it only shares with Uzbekistan which is the second country in the world surrounded only by landlocked countries (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan).
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{Template:WikijuniorEurope}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4gzqufawr4rg8ou9ax0i62u2ii4k23w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088229</id>
      <parentid>4088227</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T14:22:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xania</username>
        <id>40302</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/2001:8003:3787:8B00:A4D9:997A:83CA:3631|2001:8003:3787:8B00:A4D9:997A:83CA:3631]] ([[User talk:2001:8003:3787:8B00:A4D9:997A:83CA:3631|talk]]) to last version by Atcovi</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3641" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;{{SUBPAGENAME}}&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}

{{wikipedia|Geography of Europe}}
Europe is a continent of over 50 countries with a border that is largely undefined (defining which countries are European and which aren't is argued a lot) and with many different landscapes, climates and wildlife.
[[Image:Mbcourmayeur0001.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Mont Blonc (Monte Bianco), the highest mountain in western Europe]]
== Islands of Europe ==
[[Image:Laponie1.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Arctic conditions in Lapland, Finland]]
Europe has many thousands of islands and some of these are countries ([[../Iceland/]] and [[../Cyprus/]], for example).  The largest islands are Iceland, Great Britain, Ireland (includes the country called &quot;Ireland&quot; and Northern Ireland which is part of the UK), Sicily, Spitsbergen and Sardinia.

[[Image:Northwestern_Europe_at_Night.JPG|thumb|250px|right|North-west Europe at night, London on the left, Brussels and Amsterdam above and to the right of London, Paris below and Milan can be seen near the far-right of the picture]]

== Mountains of Europe ==

In the east of the continent are the [[w:Ural mountains|Ural mountains]] (click the mountain links to read the article on Wikipedia) which separate Europe from Asia.  North of the Mediterranean Sea are the [[w:Alps|Alps]]  which run through [[../France/]], [[../Switzerland/]], [[../Italy/]], [[../Germany/]], [[../Austria/]] and [[../Slovenia/]].  In the centre and south of the continent are the [[w:Carpathian Mountains|Carpathian Mountains]].

== Climate of Europe ==

The far north (Iceland, [[../Norway/]], [[../Sweden/]], [[../Finland/]] and [[../Russia/]]) pass through the Arctic Circle which is the area near the North Pole where temperatures can be very low.  Countries to the east and inland of Europe can have very cold winters but those in the west have milder winters because of warmth from the Gulf Stream which brings hotter temperatures.  Southern areas around the Mediterranean Sea can have constantly hot summers and pleasant winters.

== Volcanoes and Other Natural Occurrences in Europe ==
[[Image:EtnaAvió.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Etna, Sicily, Italy erupting]]
Europe has 11 volcanoes.  The second-highest and most famous is Etna in Sicily, Italy at 3,263 metres.  It is well-known for its height, its close location to the major city of Catania and its constant eruptions over the past few years.  Europe's highest volcano is Pico del Teide in the Canary Island, [[../Spain|Spain]].

== Landlocked Countries ==
A landlocked country is a country which has no connection to a sea or ocean.  Countries like [[../Georgia|Georgia]] and [[../Ukraine|Ukraine]] are not landlocked because they have coastlines on the Black Sea.  There are 16 landlocked countries in Europe: [[../Andorra|Andorra]], [[../Armenia|Armenia]], [[../Austria|Austria]], [[../Belarus|Belarus]], [[../Kosovo|Kosovo]], [[../Czech Republic|Czechia]], [[../Hungary|Hungary]], [[../Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]], [[../Luxembourg|Luxembourg]], [[../North Macedonia|North Macedonia]], [[../Moldova|Moldova]], [[../San Marino|San Marino]], [[../Serbia|Serbia]], [[../Slovakia|Slovakia]], Switzerland and [[../Holy See|Vatican City]].  Liechtenstein is unique in Europe because it is doubly-landlocked meaning it is both landlocked and surrounded by countries which are also landlocked, a situation it only shares with Uzbekistan which is the second country in the world surrounded only by landlocked countries (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan).
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{Template:WikijuniorEurope}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>s61op6ug1nc5ogaat2u2l0i79634x6z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>BarCamp - How to Run Your Own/History of the Unconference</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>251840</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088335</id>
      <parentid>2109117</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:32:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3223" xml:space="preserve">Long before BarCamp, there were conferences. And they sort of sucked in various ways. Lots of people found that the interesting content at conferences wasn't so much the formal presentations as the discussion that took place in the hallway, the &quot;lobby track&quot; as it has come to be known. It seems quite strange: you pay sometimes quite a sizeable amount of money to attend a conference, and then you don't spend any time actually listening to the material presented at the conference. But there is a problem with the lobby track that doesn't exist with the formal tracks: it doesn't necessarily scale to include everyone. If you are a little bit shy or socially awkward, perhaps you don't get talked to if you try and enjoy the lobby track. What if there were events where the formal track and the lobby track were very, very similar?

Enter the unconference. The unconference is a conference that every attendee is allowed to participate in, much like anyone can have a blog, or anyone can edit Wikipedia. The distinction between speakers and listeners is blurred because if you are attending, you will probably be speaking also. Sessions are less like lectures and more like conversations. There are lots of small groups. To use an academic analogy, it is more like a seminar than a lecture; organisers and speakers are more like convenors than lecturers. The traditional conference panel is rarely present in unconferences.

There were plenty of unconferences before BarCamp. Since the 1980s there have been &quot;open space&quot; events. The blogger and technologist Dave Winer ran an event called BloggerCon in the early 2000s, which was often described as an &quot;unconference&quot;. Winer describes the format of these events like this:

&lt;blockquote&gt;We don't have speakers, panels or an audience. We ''do'' have discussions and sessions, and each session has a discussion leader. Think of the discussion leader as a reporter who is creating a story with quotes from the people in the room. So, instead of having a panel with an audience we just have people.&lt;ref&gt;[http://scripting.com/2006/06/15.html Scripting News 2006-06-15]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

There are other rules: generally, explicit pitching of companies and pimping of products is discouraged. The unconference format is malleable though and is more like a general description of an overall style or genre: much like rock music or painting covers a wide diversity and variety of things but have some common threads or family resemblances between them. For instance, the Pecha Kucha format is one format that has evolved that is also considered to be an unconference format, where participants speak while twenty slides are shown for twenty seconds each before automatically changing.

Conferences and unconferences are not avowed enemies: there have been unconferences held as tracks within larger conferences, like the Web 2.Open section of O'Reilly's Web 2.0 Conference.

The birth of BarCamp traces back to 2005. Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly Publishing, a tech book company, had organised &quot;FooCamp&quot;, the Friends Of O'Reilly Camp, and invited select people to attend. But there were people who did not get an invitation...

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Status|100%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>d4pgnj98sb549v5u2j2wy3swzhr09c1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088336</id>
      <parentid>4088335</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:33:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3292" xml:space="preserve">Long before BarCamp, there were conferences. And they sort of sucked in various ways. Lots of people found that the interesting content at conferences wasn't so much the formal presentations as the discussion that took place in the hallway, the &quot;lobby track&quot; as it has come to be known. It seems quite strange: you pay sometimes quite a sizeable amount of money to attend a conference, and then you don't spend any time actually listening to the material presented at the conference. But there is a problem with the lobby track that doesn't exist with the formal tracks: it doesn't necessarily scale to include everyone. If you are a little bit shy or socially awkward, perhaps you don't get talked to if you try and enjoy the lobby track. What if there were events where the formal track and the lobby track were very, very similar?

Enter the unconference. The unconference is a conference that every attendee is allowed to participate in, much like anyone can have a blog, or anyone can edit Wikipedia. The distinction between speakers and listeners is blurred because if you are attending, you will probably be speaking also. Sessions are less like lectures and more like conversations. There are lots of small groups. To use an academic analogy, it is more like a seminar than a lecture; organisers and speakers are more like convenors than lecturers. The traditional conference panel is rarely present in unconferences.

There were plenty of unconferences before BarCamp. Since the 1980s there have been &quot;open space&quot; events. The blogger and technologist Dave Winer ran an event called BloggerCon in the early 2000s, which was often described as an &quot;unconference&quot;. Winer describes the format of these events like this:

&lt;blockquote&gt;We don't have speakers, panels or an audience. We ''do'' have discussions and sessions, and each session has a discussion leader. Think of the discussion leader as a reporter who is creating a story with quotes from the people in the room. So, instead of having a panel with an audience we just have people.&lt;ref&gt;[http://scripting.com/2006/06/15.html Scripting News 2006-06-15]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

There are other rules: generally, explicit pitching of companies and pimping of products is discouraged. The unconference format is malleable though and is more like a general description of an overall style or genre: much like rock music or painting covers a wide diversity and variety of things but have some common threads or family resemblances between them. For instance, the Pecha Kucha format is one format that has evolved that is also considered to be an unconference format, where participants speak while twenty slides are shown for twenty seconds each before automatically changing.

Conferences and unconferences are not avowed enemies: there have been unconferences held as tracks within larger conferences, like the Web 2.Open section of O'Reilly's Web 2.0 Conference.

[[File:Barcamp2005-ioerror-01.jpg|thumb|The first Barcamp in 2005.]]

The birth of BarCamp traces back to 2005. Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly Publishing, a tech book company, had organised &quot;FooCamp&quot;, the Friends Of O'Reilly Camp, and invited select people to attend. But there were people who did not get an invitation...

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Status|75%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>irwvlii59fhqf223md2eltumtm1xfdr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Financial Math FM/General Cash Flows and Portfolios</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>254314</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088436</id>
      <parentid>4087487</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:15:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="73657" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Learning objectives ==
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning yield curves, rates of return, and measures of duration and convexity, and how to perform related calculations.

== Learning outcomes ==
The Candidate will be able to:

* Define and recognize the definitions of the following terms: yield rate/rate of return, dollar-weighted rate of return, time-weighted rate of return, current value, duration (Macaulay and modified), convexity (Macaulay and modified), portfolio, spot rate, forward rate, yield curve, stock price, stock dividend.
* Calculate:
:* The dollar-weighted and time-weighted rate of return.
:* The duration and convexity of a set of cash flows.
:* Either Macaulay or modified duration given the other.
:* The approximate change in present value due to a change in interest rate,
::* The approximate change in present value due to a change in interest rate,
::* Using 1st-order approximation based on Macaulay duration.
:* The price of a stock using the dividend discount model.
:* The present value of a set of cash flows, using a yield curve developed from forward and spot rates.

==Discounted cash flow analysis==
{{colored definition|
(Net cash flow)
Net cash flow at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; equals cash ''inflow'' at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; minus cash ''outflow'' at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;.
}}
{{colored remark|
We use &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt; to denote ''net'' cash flow at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;.
}}
Then, we can express a series of cash flows as follows:
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
| Net cash flow || &lt;math&gt;C_0&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;C_1&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;C_2&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\cdots&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;C_n&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Time || &lt;math&gt;0&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\cdots&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;
|}

After defining net cash flows, we can also define net present value.
{{colored definition|
(Net present value)
The net present value (NPV), denoted by &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt;, is sum of present
value of every net cash flow, i.e. &lt;math&gt;P(i) = \sum_{t}{C_t
v^t}.&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored remark|
* Net present value is a function of &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;.
* An investment is profitable if and only if its net present value is positive, i.e. the series of cash flows in the investment is equivalent to ''one'' cash ''inflow'' at time 0.
* The present value of cash flow can be interpreted as ''discounted'' cash flow: cash flow at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; is discounted by the factor &lt;math&gt;v^t&lt;/math&gt;.
}}
An example to illustrate how we can use net present value to determine profitability of investment is in the following.
{{anchor|npv_profitability}}
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{
Ivan gives you an offer to invest in his project. His project requires an investment from you of $10,000 now and the project certainly pays $3,000 at the end of 2nd year, $4,000 at the end of 3rd year and $5,000 at the end of 10th year to you. At an annual effective interest rate of 10%, should you take his offer?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- yes
|| You should calculate the net present value of the project to make the decision.
+ no
|| Because &lt;math&gt;v = (1+10\%)^{-1}&lt;/math&gt;, 
|| &lt;math&gt;P(i) = -10000 + 3000 v^2 + 4000 v^3 + 5000 v^{10}= -2587&lt;0.&lt;/math&gt;
|| Therefore, you should not take his offer, because the net present value is negative.   
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

Apart from determining ''whether'' the investment is profitable, we sometimes also want to know ''how'' profitable the investment is. A natural way to measure ''how'' profitable the investment is using its rate of return which can be measured by ''internal rate of return.''
{{colored definition|
(Internal rate of return)
The ''internal rate of return'' (IRR) of an investment is the effective
interest rate per measurement period at which the net present value of the investment equals zero.
}}
{{colored remark|
* It is also called ''yield rate''.
* Equivalently, the internal rate of return is the interest rate at which the initial investment, i.e. cash flow at time zero, equals the net present value of the future net cash flows. Therefore, we may split the initial investment into several portions, and each of them will accumulate to the amount of each of the future cash flow correspondingly at the internal rate of return, at the corresponding time of the cash flow. (See the exercise below.) 
* Internal rate of return is also the interest rate at which the total present value of cost (i.e. cash outflow(s)) equals total present value of benefit (i.e. cash inflow(s)).
* It is internal in the sense that the calculation excludes external factors, e.g. financial risk, inflation, etc.
* In general, it is very difficult to calculate internal rate of return directly by hand. Therefore, financial calculator, e.g. BA II Plus, is usually used to calculate it. We may also use linear interpolation in the interest table to approximate it.
* It may not exist and may not be unique. There can be no internal rate of return, or multiple internal rates of return, although it is uncommon in practice.
}}
Let's illustrate the split of initial investment mentioned in the remark in the following exercise.

{{anchor|split_initial_investment}}
Consider the following cash flows for an investment.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Time !! Net cash Flow
|-
| 0 || -500
|-
| 1 || 100
|-
| 2 || 0
|-
| 3 || 300
|-
| 4 || 0
|-
| 5 || 500
|}
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{
Refer to the above cash flows. It is given that the internal rate of return of this investment is 17.05% (correct to two decimal places). 
Split the initial investment (with amount 500) into three portions that will accumulate to the amount of each of the future cash flow correspondingly 
at the internal rate of return (i.e. 17.05% in this case, use exactly this percentage for calculation), at the corresponding time of the cash flow.
Correct your answers to two decimal places.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
The portion with amount { 85.43 } will accumulate to 100 at time 1.
The portion with amount { 187.07 } will accumulate to 300 at time 3.
The portion with amount { 227.57 } will accumulate to 500 at time 5.
at the interest rate of 17.05%, i.e. internal rate of return.
|| Let the amount of the three portions be &lt;math&gt;x,y,z&lt;/math&gt; respectively. Then, we can have
|| &lt;math&gt;\begin{cases} x(1.1705)&amp;=100\\ y(1.1705)^3&amp;=300\\ z(1.1705)^5&amp;=500\end{cases} \iff\begin{cases}x&amp;\approx 85.43\\y&amp;\approx 187.07\\z&amp;\approx 227.57.\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;
|| As a checking, we calculate &lt;math&gt;x+y+z&lt;/math&gt; to see whether it equals 500.
|| &lt;math&gt;x+y+z\approx 85.43+187.07+227.57\approx 500.07&lt;/math&gt;
|| This is close enough to 500, and the tiny error is due to rounding. Therefore, we can split the initial investment into three portions as above.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

=== BA II Plus calculator usage ===
The TI BA II plus has a cash flow function to deal with uneven cash flow streams. Here is an example of cash flows.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Time !! Net cash Flow
|-
| 0 || -500
|-
| 1 || 100
|-
| 2 || 0
|-
| 3 || 300
|-
| 4 || 0
|-
| 5 || 500
|}kk
You can use the following command to calculate the net present value at effective interest rate of 10% per measurement period.
:'''2ND CE|C CF 500 +|- ENTER ↓ 100 ENTER ↓ ↓ 0 ENTER ↓ ↓ 300 ENTER ↓ ↓ 0 ENTER ↓ ↓ 500 ENTER NPV 10 ENTER ↓ CPT''' 
You should get NPV=126.76. The following are some explanations on the command.

# '''2ND CE|C''' will clear any previous work saved in the calculator. 
# '''CF''' Enters into cash flow mode. 
# Next, you will see ''CF0='' for which you need to enter the first cash flow of '''-500''' which is made at time zero. You should enter ''negative'' value for cash ''outflow''. This is the convention used in BAII Plus calculator.
# After entering '''-500''' and then pressing '''↓''', you will see '''C01''', for which you need to enter the second cash flow of '''100''' which is made at time one.
# After pressing '''↓''' again, you will see ''F1'', for which you need to enter the ''frequency'' of the cash flow, i.e. how many times this cash flow is repeated. The default value is 1, which is correct in this case. We will later see an exercise in which the frequency is higher than 1.
# Then, we enter the remaining cash flows. We need to enter all zero cash flows to ensure that the later nonzero cash flow is entered at a correct time.
# After entering the last cash flow of '''500''', press '''NPV''' instead of '''↓'''. Then you will see '''I''', and need to enter the effective interest rate (only the ''number'' in the percentage expression). You should enter '''10''' in this case.
# After pressing '''↓''' and '''CPT''', you should see &quot;NPV=126.76&quot; which is the net present value.

To calculate internal rate of return, press '''IRR''' and then '''CPT''' after entering the last cash flow. You should get IRR=17.05, i.e. the internal rate of return is 17.05%. The calculator will only display the number before the % sign of percentage expression. (This result is used in [[#split_initial_investment|exercise about spliting initial investment]].)

Here is another example of cash flows.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Time !! Net cash Flow
|-
| 0 || -500
|-
| 1 || 200
|-
| 2 || 200
|-
| 3 || 200
|-
| 4 || 200
|-
| 5 || 200
|}

Press
'''2ND CE|C CF 500 +|- ENTER ↓ 200 ENTER ↓ 5 ENTER NPV 10 ENTER ↓ CPT'''
to calculate net present value at effective interest rate of 10% per measurement period.
To calculate internal rate of return, press '''IRR CPT''' after 
'''5 ENTER''' instead. You should get NPV=258.16 for net present value, and 
IRR=28.65 for internal rate of return.

After pressing '''200 ENTER ↓''', we will see ''F01'' for which we need to enter the ''frequency'' of this cash flow. Because this cash flow repeats five times, we enter '''5'''.

In the later commands, '''2ND CE|C''' will be omitted, and it is assumed that you always press this sequence of commands before entering the cash flows.

Let's practice the calculator usage in the following exercise.

{{anchor|calculator_irr}}
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Continue from [[#npv_profitability|exercise about determining profitability using net present value]], calculate the internal rate of return of the project. Correct your answer to two decimal places.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 3.41 _5}%
|| You can press '''CF 10000 +|- ENTER ↓ 0 ENTER ↓ 3000 ENTER ↓ 4000 ENTER ↓ 0 ENTER ↓ 6 ENTER ↓ 5000 ENTER IRR CPT'''. We press '''0 ENTER ↓ 6 ENTER ↓''' because there are 6 zero cash flows in between the cash inflow of 4000 and cash inflow of 10000 (at the end of 4th, 5th, ... , 9th years).
|| Interpretation is as follows. The internal rate of return can represent the rate of return of the investment. In [[#npv_profitability|exercise about determining profitability using net present value]], we determine that the investment is not profitable at effective interest rate of 10% which is larger than 3.41%. 
|| We can interpret the 10% as the interest rate for borrowing money for investment, then we can see that this investment is not profitable because the rate of return from the investment is smaller than the rate of paying interest to the lender, i.e. we keep losing money.
|| Even if we do not need to borrow money for the investment, possibly because we already have sufficient money for investment, this investment is still ''not'' profitable, because of the ''opportunity cost''. 
|| As an alternative to investing money in this investment, we can borrow this money to others. Then, we have 10% rate of return, because the interest rate is 10%. This rate of return is higher than 3.41%. So, the investment is not profitable (because opportunity cost (rate of return of borrowing money to others) is greater than benefit (rate of return of this investment)).
|| It is assumed that at a certain effective interest rate, we can freely borrow money and lend money at this interest rate.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

===Idealized practical situation===
In this subsection, we ''assume'' that we can borrow and lend money at a fixed interest rate freely.
Practically, although we can borrow and lend money, we may not be allowed to borrow and lend money ''freely'', and we typically cannot borrow and lend money at a fixed interest rate for a long time, 
because interest rate will change, and interest rate for borrowing and lending are usually different (and the former is usually higher than latter).

Under this assumption we can calculate 'net accumulated value', which is analogous to net present value. This term is nonstandard and rarely used.
We can connect the net cash flows from one project with another project in which interest is payable 
(when net cash flow is positive, we can put the money in, just like lending money) or credited 
(when net cash flow is negative, we need to take the money out, just like borrowing money) at a fixed rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;. Let's also assume we can put money in and take money out freely, in arbitrary amount (and of course they are subject to the interest payable or credited).
When the another project ends (say at time &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt;), the accumulated value will be
:&lt;math&gt;\sum_{t\le T} C_t(1+i)^{T-t}.&lt;/math&gt;
in which &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt; is the net cash flow from the first project at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;. 
If the first project ends before the another project ends, then we can remove the '&lt;math&gt;\le T&lt;/math&gt;' because &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; is always smaller than or equal 
to &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. the accumulated value will be
:&lt;math&gt;\sum_{t}C_t(1+i)^{T-t} .&lt;/math&gt;

If the another project continues indefinitely, this value is undefined (because it tends to infinity). However, for a project that continues indefinitely, 
in which there are net cash flows, its net present value may be defined, just like perpetuity.

{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Project A requires an initial investment of 1 million, and brings you cash inflows of 200000 at the end of 2nd year, 500000 at the end of 3rd year, and 800000 at the end of 7th year. However, it requires a maintenance fee of 300000 at the end of 5th year. 
The semiannual effective interest rate is 5%.}

{Calculate the net present value of project A.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ -242471.42
|| First, we calculate the ''annual'' effective interest rate which equals &lt;math&gt;1.05^2-1=0.1025=10.25\%&lt;/math&gt;. Then, we can use financial calculator to calculate the answer. In particular, we should enter negative value for the maintenance fee of 300000.
- -234803.25
|| You should calculate the annual effective interest rate under compound interest. The question does not specify that the interest is simple interest.
- -53188.09
|| The given effective interest rate is semiannual.
- 125876.53
|| Maintenance fee is a cash outflow.
- 416927.61
|| The given effective interest rate is semiannual. Also, maintenance fee is a cash outflow.

{Suppose we connect the cash flows associated with project A with project B. In project B, interest is payable or credited at a fixed annual rate of 10%, and
project B continues indefinitely. Calculate the accumulated value of the net cash flows connected with project B at the end of 5th year.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- It is undefined.
|| Although project B continues indefinitely, it is still defined, because we are ''not'' calculating the accumulated value at the end of project B.
+ -1039310
|| Accumulated value equals &lt;math&gt;-1000000(1.1)^5+200000(1.1)^3+500000(1.1)^2-300000=-1039310.&lt;/math&gt;
- -390505.65
|| We cannot just calculate this by multiplying the net present value of project A by &lt;math&gt;1.1^5&lt;/math&gt;, because (i) the interest rate used for calculating the net present value and the rate for project B are different, (ii) it also counts the cash inflow of 800000 which is not yet given at the end of 5th year.
- 571200
|| We also need to consider the initial investment.
- 1171200
|| We also need to consider the initial investment, and the maintenance fee is cash outflow.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

In this subsection, let's also assume that the internal rate of return exists and &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; is positive at 
the interest rate that is strictly smaller than the internal rate of return, and negative at the interest rate that is strictly greater than 
the internal rate of return in this subsection. Actually, this is usually the case in practice, unless there are multiple internal rates of return.
Then, we have the following proposition.

{{anchor|prp:profitability_condition}}
{{colored proposition|
(Necessary and sufficient condition for a project to be profitable)
Assume that the internal rate of return exists and &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; is positive at 
the interest rate that is strictly smaller than the internal rate of return, and negative at the interest rate that is strictly greater than 
the internal rate of return.
A project is profitable if and only if the effective interest rate per measurement period is strictly smaller than internal rate of return.
}}
{{colored proof|
It follows from the assumption that &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; is positive at the interest rate that is strictly smaller than the internal rate of return,
and the fact that a project is profitable if and only if &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; is positive.
}}
{{colored remark|
* An equivalent condition is that the internal rate of return is strictly greater than the interest rate at which the investor may lend 
or borrow money.
:* Indeed, this idea is also mentioned in the explanation of answer in [[#calculator_irr|the exercise about calculating internal rate of return]].
}}

=== Comparison of two investment projects===
[[File:Comparison of two projects by their net present values.svg|thumb|440x440px|Illustration of the comparison between project A and B. When &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is at the orange region but not the red region, 
&lt;math&gt;P_A(i)&lt;P_B(i)&lt;/math&gt; . When &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;  is at the red region but not the orange region, &lt;math&gt;P_B(i)&gt;P_A(i)&lt;/math&gt; . When &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is at the intersection point of red and orange region, &lt;math&gt;P_B(i)=P_A(i)&lt;/math&gt; .|alt=Graph of net present values of project A and B]]
Sometimes, we want to compare two investment projects to decide which one has a higher profitability, 
and then we invest in the project with higher profitability.
Naturally, we may think that the project with higher internal rate of return should always have a higher profitability. 
However, this is ''not'' always the case. 

To decide the profitability of each project, we should compare the profit at time &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt;, 
which is the date at which the ''later'' of the two projects ends, of each project. Equivalently, this is the net present 
value calculated at the rate of interest &lt;math&gt;i_1&lt;/math&gt; at which the investor may lend or borrow money.
If the net present value of project A, &lt;math&gt;P_A(i_1)&lt;/math&gt;, is strictly greater than that of project B, &lt;math&gt;P_B(i_1)&lt;/math&gt;, 
project A is more profitable than project B. 

Because the internal rate of return of project B (&lt;math&gt;i_B&lt;/math&gt;) is strictly higher than project A (&lt;math&gt;i_A&lt;/math&gt;) may 
''not'' imply &lt;math&gt;P_B(i_1)&gt;P_A(i_1)&lt;/math&gt; (whether the inequality holds depends on value of &lt;math&gt;i_1&lt;/math&gt;), 
project with strictly higher internal rate of return does not necessarily have a strictly higher profitability.

{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Project A requires initial investment of 1000, and gives investor double of the amount of initial investment at the end of first year, and project B requires initial investment of 2000, and gives investor double of the amount of initial investment at the end of second year. We can only invest in at most one of the projects.}

{Calculate internal rate of return of project A and B. Correct your answer to two decimal places if the answer is not exact.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
Internal rate of return of project A is { 100 }%.
Internal rate of return of project B is { 41.42 }%.

{Assume the annual interest rate is 10% at which we can lend or borrow money freely.
Based on their profitability, should we invest in project A or B?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Project A
|| You should calculate the net present value of project A and B at this interest rate.
+ Project B
|| At this interest rate, net present value of project A is &lt;math&gt;-1000+2000(1.1)^{-1}\approx 818.18&lt;/math&gt;, and 
|| net present value of project B is &lt;math&gt;-2000+4000(1.1)^{-2}\approx 1305.79&lt;/math&gt; which is higher than project A.
|| You can observe that project B has a higher profitability than project A even if the internal rate of return of project A is higher than project B.
- Neither of them.
|| You should calculate the net present value of project A and B at this interest rate.

{Someone claims that project A should have a higher profitability because it can give double of the amount of initial investment in a shorter time, and 
then the investor can use the time difference to lend money to earn extra interest.
Do you agree with the claim?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- yes
|| Does amount of initial investment matter?
+ no
|| We need to consider the ''amount'' of initial investment as well.
|| Doubling 1000 and doubling 2000 are different. The latter gives you extra 2000 while the former only gives you extra 1000,
|| and we cannot invest in project A two times simultaneously to double 2000, as suggested in the restriction in the question: we can only invest in at most one of the projects.

{Someone claims that we should invest neither of project A and B if the annual interest rate is strictly higher than both of internal rate of return of project A and B. Do you agree with the claim?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ yes
|| Both projects are not profitable at such interest rate by [[#prp:profitability_condition|Proposition 5.8]]. 
|| Note: when the annual interest rate equals the maximum of internal rate of return of project A and B, then whether we are indifferent for investing in the project with the internal rate of return that equals the annual interest rate,
|| i.e. there is no effect for investing in that project, because the same interest rate can be earned from lending money to others.
|| Therefore, the (opportunity) cost equals benefit for this decision.
- no
|| See [[#prp:profitability_condition|Proposition 5.8]].
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

=== Different interest rates for lending and borrowing ===
In the [[#Idealized_practical_situation|subsection of idealized practical situation]], we assume that the investor may borrow or lend money 
at the same rate of interest. However, in practice, the investor may need to pay a higher interest rate on borrowing than the rate earned on money invested, 
e.g. interest rate earned in deposit account. (When we deposit money, the money in the account may be used for lending.)

In these circumstances, the concepts of net present value and yield are not meaningful anymore in general. We ''must'' calculate the accumulation 
of net cash flow from ''first principles''. Let's illustrate how the calculation looks like in the following exercise.

{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{A project requires initial investment of 30000, and another investment of 20000 at the end of first year. 
It gives investor 10000 at the end of first year, and 60000 at the end of third year.
We can borrow money only at effective interest rate of 10%, earn interest for money deposited in our deposit account at the effective interest rate of 5%, and we can repay the loan and deposit money 
at any time. We must borrow money for every payment needed. Calculate the maximum possible accumulated value of the net cash flows at the end of tenth year.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- 12700
|| We are finding the accumulated value at the end of year 10, not at the end of the project (i.e. the end of year 3).
- 15531.28
|| You should not just use the 10% interest rate for calculation.
+ 17870.18
|| To obtain the maximum possible accumulated value, we should repay the loan as soon as possible, and deposit the money immediately if we have money remained.
|| Initially, we need to borrow &lt;math&gt;30000&lt;/math&gt;.
|| At the end of year 1, we need to pay interest of &lt;math&gt;30000(10\%)=3000&lt;/math&gt;, we get &lt;math&gt;10000&lt;/math&gt; from the project, 
|| and we need to further borrow &lt;math&gt;20000-10000+3000=13000&lt;/math&gt;.
|| At the end of year 2, we need to pay interest of &lt;math&gt;(30000+13000)(10]\%)=4300&lt;/math&gt; So, we need to further borrow &lt;math&gt;4300&lt;/math&gt;.
|| At the end of year 3, we need to pay interest of &lt;math&gt;(30000+13000+4300)(10\%)=4730&lt;/math&gt;.
|| After receiving &lt;math&gt;60000&lt;/math&gt; from the project, we can repay whole loan (with amount of &lt;math&gt;47300&lt;/math&gt;) immediately.
|| Then, we can deposit the remaining amount (&lt;math&gt;60000-47300=12700&lt;/math&gt;) in our deposit account immediately to start earning interest.
|| At the end of year 10, the accumulated value of the net cash flows equals the accumulated value in the deposit account which is &lt;math&gt;12700(1.05)^{7}\approx 17870.18&lt;/math&gt;.
- 20045.90
|| You should not just use the 5% interest rate for calculation.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

=== Discounted payback period ===
In practice, the net cash flow usually changes sign only once, and this change is from negative to positive. In these circumstances, the balance in 
the investor's account will change from negative to positive at a ''unique'' time &lt;math&gt;t^*&lt;/math&gt;. If the balance will always be negative, 
the project is always not profitable, and thus no such time exists. If such time &lt;math&gt;t^*&lt;/math&gt; exists, 
it is the time at the end of discounted payback period. We define it more formally as follows:
{{anchor|def:discounted_payback_period}}
{{colored definition|
(Discounted payback period)
Discounted payback period is the ''smallest'' positive integer &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; in the unit of time such that
:&lt;math&gt;A(t)=\sum_{s\le t}C_s(1+i)^{t-s}\ge 0&lt;/math&gt;
in which &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is the effective rate of interest at which the net cash flows accumulate.
}}
{{colored remark|
Assume that a project ends at time &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt;. If &lt;math&gt;A(T)&lt;0&lt;/math&gt;, the project has no discounted 
payback period and is not profitable. This is because the balance in the investor's account will only change from negative 
to positive at a unique time. If the balance is still negative at the end of the project, it shows that the balance 
is negative throughout the project, i.e. the net present value is negative.
}}
{{anchor|exm:discounted_payback_period}}
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{A project requires an initial investment of 50000, and pays 6000 to each of its investor at the end of each year starting from the end of year 3. 
Calculate the discounted payback period if the effective annual interest rate is 10%.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 21 } years
|| Because 
|| &lt;math&gt;\begin{align}-50000(1.1)^t+6000s_{\overline {t-2}|0.1}(1.1)^2&amp;\ge 0\\ \iff -50000(1.1)^t+6000(1.1)^2\left(\frac{1.1^{t-2}-1}{0.1}\right)&amp;\ge 0\\ \iff (-50000+60000)1.1^t&amp;\ge 72600\\ \iff 1.1^t&amp;\ge 7.26\\ \iff t&amp;\ge\frac{\ln 7.26}{\ln 1.1}\approx 20.80,\end{align}&lt;/math&gt;
|| the discounted payback period is 21 years.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

In particular, we may need to calculate discounted payback period for project in which we borrow money to invest, when given the effective interest rate of borrowing 
money, say &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt;, which may not be the same as the effective interest rate of depositing money, say &lt;math&gt;j_2&lt;/math&gt;
as suggested in the [[#Different_interest_rates_for_lending_and_borrowing|subsection of different interest rates for lending and borrowing]]. 
However, &lt;math&gt;j_2&lt;/math&gt;is not involved in and does not affect our calculation.

Naturally, we may think that we can just replace every &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; by &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt; in 
[[#def:discounted_payback_period|the definition of discounted payback period]] and use it to calculate the discounted payback period.
However, there is a problem. Although we can borrow money for cash outflow, so it makes sense to accumulate that amount of money 
,which is negative for net cash flow, at &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt;, we cannot 'borrow money for cash inflow'.

Instead, we can only use the cash inflow to repay loan, i.e. reduce the amount we borrow. 
In view of this, we need to have an assumption, namely assuming that repayment can be made at arbitrary time. 
(The longer the time the payment is borrowed, the higher the amount of interest accumulated. Therefore, to minimize 
the interest payment and thus minimize the time needed for the accumulated value of the net cash flow to be nonnegative, 
we should repay the loan as soon as possible, when we receive some cash inflow.)

Then, we can also accumulate the cash inflow, or positive net cash flow, 
at &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt;, because they can be treated as the ''reduction'' of accumulated value of loan at effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt; 
(the accumulated value includes both the amount of loan that is not repaid, and the interest accumulated). 
To be more precise, for each positive net cash flow &lt;math&gt;C_s&lt;/math&gt;, it is used to repay the loan at time &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt; and then the loan repaid 
will stop accumulating interest after time &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;. Therefore, it reduces the loan by &lt;math&gt;C_s&lt;/math&gt; at time &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;, 
and also reduces the ''future'' interest that will be kept accumulating if the loan is ''not'' repaid until the time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;, to zero, 
i.e. reduces by &lt;math&gt;C_s\left((1+j_1)^{t-s}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;. 
Therefore, the total amount of reduction of loan and interest is 
:&lt;math&gt;\underbrace{C_s}_{\text{loan}}+\underbrace{C_s\left((1+j_1)^{t-s}-1\right)}_{\text{interest}}=\underbrace{C_s(1+j_1)^{t-s}}_{\text{total}}.&lt;/math&gt;
Then, at a certain cash inflow, its amount is sufficient for the loan to be completely repaid 
(the interest is also paid in the progress of repaying the loan using cash inflow), and then at that time point, the accumulated value 
of sum of each net cash flow will be greater than or equal to zero. Therefore, that cash flow is the last repayment of loan, and 
the time at which that cash flow is made is time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; (so the future interest equals zero, because there is no time for accumulating).

As a result, we can replace every &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt; in [[#def:discounted_payback_period|the definition of discounted payback period]], 
''with the assumption that repayment can be made at arbitrary time''.

If the project is profitable, the accumulated profit when the project ends at time &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt; is
:&lt;math&gt;\underbrace{A(t^*)}_{\text{balance at }t^*}\overbrace{(1+j_2)^{T-t^*}}^{\text{ depositing }A(t^*)}+\underbrace{\sum_{t&gt;t^*}C_t(1+j_2)^{T-t}}_{\text{net cash flows after discounted payback period}}.&lt;/math&gt;
in which &lt;math&gt;t^*&lt;/math&gt; is the time at the end of discounted payback period.

If the project is not profitable, then the accumulated profit is negative (i.e. we have loss) or zero (then we are indifferent in investing in the project), 
and we cannot use the above formula.

{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Continue from [[#exr:discounted_payback_period|previous exercise]]. Assume that repayment can be made at arbitrary time. 
The effective annual interest rate for borrowing is 10% and that for depositing money is 6%.}

{Calculate the discounted payback period.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 252 } months
|| The discounted payback period is the same as the situation where the net cash flows accumulate at 10% effective annual interest rate, 
|| in [[#exr:discounted_payback_period|previous exercise]], because we can replace this interest rate with the effective annual interest rate for borrowing, which is 10%.
|| Then, we multiply 21 by 12 to get number of ''months''.

{Suppose the project ends at the end of year 20. Calculate the accumulated profit at the end of the project. Correct your answer to two decimal places. 
Type n/a if the accumulated profit is negative.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ n/a }
|| The discounted payback period is 21 years. Therefore, the accumulated value at the end of the project (at the end of year 10) is negative.

{Suppose the project ends at the end of year 21. Calculate the accumulated profit at the end of the project. Correct your answer to two decimal places. 
Type n/a if the accumulated profit is negative.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 1402.50 }
|| Because the discounted payback period is 21 years, the accumulated value at year 21 is nonegative.
|| The accumulated profit (which equals the accumulated value) is &lt;math&gt;-50000(1.1)^{21}+6000(1.1)^2s_{\overline {19}|0.1}\approx 1402.50&lt;/math&gt;.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

=== Reinvestment rates ===
In the [[#Idealized_practical_situation|section of idealized practical situation]], we examine what happens if we connect the 
cash inflow to another project. The main idea in this subsection is similar to that case, and can be interpreted as the generalized version 
of this case, because we discuss some more ways of reinvestment in this subsection, not limited to connect to another project.

Suppose we invest 1 in a project, and the project pays interest at the effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; 
at the end of each period for &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; periods, and the interest received is reinvested at effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;j&lt;/math&gt;. 
Then, accumulated value at the end of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; periods is
:&lt;math&gt;\underbrace{1}_{\text{principal}}+\underbrace{is_{\overline n|j}}_{\text{accumulated value of interest}}.&lt;/math&gt;
In particular, it equals &lt;math&gt;(1+i)^n&lt;/math&gt; if &lt;math&gt;i=j&lt;/math&gt;, which is the same as the case in compound interest because 
this is equivalent to the definition of compound interest: interest earned is automatically reinvested back to the project 
at the same rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;.

&lt;pre&gt;
                            -|
    -----------------------&gt; |
    |   -------------------&gt; | rate j
    |   |              ----&gt; |
    |   |              |    -|
    |   |              |   
1   i   i              i   i
↓   ↑   ↑    ...       ↑   ↑
|---|---|--------------|---|--- 
0   1   2    ...      n-1  n
&lt;/pre&gt;

Suppose we invest 1 at the end of each period for &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; periods at the effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;, 
and the interest is reinvested at the effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;j&lt;/math&gt;. Then, the accumulated value at the end of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;
periods is
:&lt;math&gt;n+i(Is)_{\overline {n-1}|j}=n+i\left(\frac{\ddot s_{\overline {n-1}|j}-(n-1)}{j}\right)=n+i\left(\frac{s_{\overline n|}-n}{j}\right).&lt;/math&gt;
In particular, it equals &lt;math&gt;s_{\overline n|i}&lt;/math&gt; if &lt;math&gt;i=j&lt;/math&gt;.
&lt;pre&gt;
    1   2   3   ...    n-1  n   total investment

    1   1   1   ...     1   1
    ↓   ↓   ↓   ...     ↓   ↓   
|---|---|---|-----------|---|--- 
0   1   2   3   ...    n-1  n
        ↓   ↓           ↓   ↓
        i  2i  ...  (n-2)i (n-1)i
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Suppose we invest &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt; at the end of each quarter for &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; years 
at the semiannual effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;10\%&lt;/math&gt;, and the interest is reinvested at the annual effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;10\%&lt;/math&gt;.
Choose the correct expression for the accumulated value at the end of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; years.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;ks_{\overline n|0.1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| The two interest rates are compounded at different frequenecy.
- &lt;math&gt;kn+(1.1^{1/2}-1)k(Is)_{\overline {n-1}|1.1^{1/4}-1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is in year.
- &lt;math&gt;kn+(1.1^{1/4}-1)k(Is)_{\overline {n-1}|1.1^{1/2}-1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is in year. Also, which of the two interest rate is reinvestment rate? Which of them is the rate for interest received from investment?
+ &lt;math&gt;4kn+4(1.1^{1/2}-1)k(Is)_{\overline {4n-1}|1.1^{1/4}-1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| First, &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; years is equivalent to &lt;math&gt;4n&lt;/math&gt; quarters.
|| Then, we convert the semiannual and annual effective interest rate to the corresponding equivalent effective interest rate per quarter, as follows:
|| Semiannual rate to per quarter rate: &lt;math&gt;1.1^{1/2}-1&lt;/math&gt;. This is the rate for the interest received from investment.
|| Annual rate to per quarter rate: &lt;math&gt;1.1^{1/4}-1&lt;/math&gt;. This is the reinvestment rate.
- &lt;math&gt;4kn+4(1.1^{1/4}-1)k(Is)_{\overline {4n-1}|1.1^{1/2}-1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| Which of the two interest rate is reinvestment rate? Which of them is the rate for interest received from investment?
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}
=== Interest measurement of a fund ===
To calculate the yield rate earned by an investment fund, we can use its earned effective interest rate. 
Recall that the definition of effective interest rate assumes that principal remains constant throughout the period, all interest earned 
throughout the period is paid at the end of the period. These assumption are usually not satisfied in practice, 
because there are usually irregular principal deposits and withdrawals (they are net cash flows), 
and irregular interest earning (possibly at different effective rate for each interval) throughout the period.
(There may also be some time periods at which no interest is earned, i.e. the effective rate is zero.)
To illustrate this, consider the following figure.

&lt;pre&gt;
↓ ↑ ↑↑   ↓   ↓  ...  ↓↑   ↑    irregular principal deposits and withdrawals
|---|---|---|---------|---|---
0   1   2   3   ...  n-1  n
 |--------| |----|    |---|      irregular interest earning
 rate i_1  rate i_2 ... rate i_k
&lt;/pre&gt;

There are two ways to calculate a ''reasonable'' effective interest rate for such complicated situation, namely 
dollar-weighted rate of return (or interest) and time-weighted rate of return (or interest). 
These two ways can simplify the calculations involved.

==== Dollar-weighted rate of return ====
The aim is finding the effective interest rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; earned by a fund over one measurement period. For simplicity, let us use the following notations:
* &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt; is the amount in fund at the start of the period
* &lt;math&gt;B&lt;/math&gt; is the amount in fund at the end of the period
* &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt; is the amount of interest earned during the period
* &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt; is the net amount of principal contributed at time &lt;math&gt;t\in[0,1]&lt;/math&gt;. This value can be positive, negative or zero. (This is net cash flow)
* &lt;math&gt;C&lt;/math&gt; is the total net amount of principal contributed during the period, i.e. &lt;math&gt;\sum_{t}C_t&lt;/math&gt;.
* &lt;math&gt;_{a}i_b&lt;/math&gt; is the amount of interest earned by 1 invested at time &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; over the following period of length &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. to time &lt;math&gt;a+b&lt;/math&gt;, in which &lt;math&gt;a,b&lt;/math&gt; are positive real numbers such that &lt;math&gt;a+b\le 1&lt;/math&gt; (because we are considering ''one'' measurement period).
&lt;pre&gt;
     rate _{a}i_b 
     |---------|

-----|---------|-----
     b        a+b
&lt;/pre&gt;
Then, by definitions,
:&lt;math&gt;\underbrace{B}_{\text{end}}=\underbrace{A}_{\text{start}}+\underbrace{C}_{\text{contribution}}+\underbrace{I}_{\text{interest}},&lt;/math&gt;
and if we assume that all the interest earned, &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt;, is received at the end of the period to be consistent to the definition of effective interest rate,
the exact equation of &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt; is
:&lt;math&gt;I=\underbrace{i}_{_{1}i_0}A+\sum_{t} {C_{t}} (_{1-t}i_t).&lt;/math&gt;

To solve for &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; in the above equation, the term for which we need to calculate in a more complicated way is &lt;math&gt;_{1-t}i_t&lt;/math&gt;. 
Without any assumption, it is very hard or even impossible to calculate it directly. Therefore, we need to have an assumption to simplify the calculation 
and approximate its value.

If we {{colored em|assume}} compound interest throughout every period from time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt; (each period corresponds to one net cash flow.), 
:&lt;math&gt;_{1-t}i_t=(1+i)^{1-t}-1&lt;/math&gt;
because the length of time involved is &lt;math&gt;1-t&lt;/math&gt;.
If we put this into the exact equation of &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt;, the equation can be solved by ''iteration'' using computer or financial calculator.
This is not the main focus in this subsection. Instead, the following is the main focus.

If we want to simplify our calculation, we can {{colored em|assume}} simple interest throughout every period from time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;, 
(each period corresponds to one net cash flow.) then 
:&lt;math&gt;_{1-t}i_t=\underbrace{(1-t)}_{\text{time length}}i.&lt;/math&gt;
Putting it into the exact equation of &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt;, we can solve for &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; and
:&lt;math&gt;I=iA+\sum_{t} C_{t}(1-t)i\iff i=\frac{I}{A+\sum_{t}C_t(1-t)}&lt;/math&gt;.
This is referred as the dollar-weighted rate of return (or interest). Let's define it formally as follows:
{{colored definition|
(Dollar-weighted rate of return)
Dollar-weighted rate of return is the simple interest rate approximation to the yield rate
&lt;ref&gt;https://www.soa.org/globalassets/assets/Files/Edu/2019/exam-fm-notation-terminology2.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; (or the effective interest rate), 
and is given by
:&lt;math&gt;i^{DW}=\frac{I}{A+\sum_{t}C_t(1-t)}.&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored remark|
* This approximation is close to the exact effective interest rate if &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt;'s are small compared to &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt;.
:* This is because when &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt;'s are small, then &lt;math&gt;\sum_{t}^{}C_t(1-t)\approx 0&lt;/math&gt;, and thus &lt;math&gt;i^{DW}\approx\frac{I}{A}&lt;/math&gt;. 
:* On the other hand, the effective interest rate &lt;math&gt;i=\frac{I}{A}&lt;/math&gt; by definition. So, &lt;math&gt;i^{DW}\approx i&lt;/math&gt;. 
* It is dollar-weighted in the sense that the terms involved are mostly related to dollar (&lt;math&gt;A,C_t,I&lt;/math&gt;)
}}
Because the calculation of the numerator term can be tedious, we may further assume that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;, then we have
:&lt;math&gt;i^{DW}=\frac{I}{A+\sum_t C_t(1-0.5)}=\frac{I}{A+0.5C}=\frac{I}{A+0.5(B-A-I)}=\frac{2I}{A+B-I}&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
   A                       B = A+C+I
---|-----------|-----------|---
   0          0.5          1
               +C
&lt;/pre&gt;
Apart from the advantage of simpler calculation, another advantage is that we can calculate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; using &lt;math&gt;A,B,I&lt;/math&gt; only, 
and we do not need to know the values of &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt;'s.
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Consider a fund with amount of 20000 at the beginning of year 1.
During year 1, interest of 1000 is earned for the fund, and there are net cash flows of 2000, 3000, 4000 
at the time &lt;math&gt;t=0.2,0.3,0.4&lt;/math&gt; respectively for the fund.}

{Calculate dollar-weighted rate of return assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- 3.33%
|| We should not calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/30000&lt;/math&gt;.
- 3.83%
|| We are assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;.
- 4%
|| We should not calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/25000&lt;/math&gt;.
+ 4.08%
|| The amount at the end of year 1 is &lt;math&gt;20000+1000+2000+3000+4000=30000&lt;/math&gt;.
|| Therefore, &lt;math&gt;i=\frac{2(1000)}{20000+30000-1000}\approx 4.08\%&lt;/math&gt;
- 5%
|| We are calculating dollar-weighted rate of return. We cannot just calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/20000&lt;/math&gt; because of the cash flows. 
|| This answer is correct if there are no cash flows.

{Calculate dollar-weighted rate of return without assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- 3.33%
|| We should not calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/30000&lt;/math&gt;.
- 3.83%
|| The amount at the end of year 1 is &lt;math&gt;20000+1000+2000+3000+4000=30000&lt;/math&gt;.
|| Therefore, &lt;math&gt;i=\frac{1000}{20000+2000(1-0.2)+3000(1-0.3)+4000(1-0.4)}&lt;/math&gt;
- 4%
|| We should not calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/25000&lt;/math&gt;.
+ 4.08%
|| We are ''not'' assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;.
- 5%
|| We are calculating dollar-weighted rate of return. We cannot just calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/20000&lt;/math&gt; because of the cash flows. 
|| This answer is correct if there are no cash flows.

{&amp;nbsp;
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
The dollar-weighted rate of return assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=&lt;/math&gt;{ 0.32 } equals 
the dollar-weighted rate of return without assuming when the net principal contribution occurs. (Correct your answer to two decimal places.)
|| The time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; satisfies &lt;math&gt;\frac{1000}{20000+2000(1-0.2)+3000(1-0.3)+4000(1-0.4)}=\frac{1000}{20000+(1-t)(2000+3000+4000)}\if 2000(0.8)+3000(0.7)+4000(0.6)=9000(1-t)\iff t\approx 0.32&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}
{{colored exercise|
Prove that the dollar-weighted rate of return assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=k\in[0,1]&lt;/math&gt; is
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{I}{kA+(1-k)B-(1-k)I}.&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{hide|Proof|
The dollar-weighted rate of return with such assumption is
:&lt;math&gt;i^{DW}=\frac{I}{A+\sum_t C_t(1-k)}=\frac{I}{A+(1-k)C}=\frac{I}{A+(1-k)(B-A-I)}=\frac{I}{A+(1-k)B-(1-k)A+(1-k)I}=\frac{I}{kA+(1-k)B+(1-k)I}.&lt;/math&gt;{{QED}}
}}

==== Time-weighted rate of return ====
For dollar-weighted rate of return, it is sensitive to the amount of money invested during different subperiods.
To see this, consider the following situations for a fund.

Situation 1:
&lt;pre&gt;
        +50            contribution
   100   50    200     balance
----|-----|-----|----
    0    0.5    1
     \   / \   /
      \ /   \ /
     -50%  +100%      effective interest rate
&lt;/pre&gt;
Dollar-weighted rate of return for the entire period is
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{\overbrace{200}^B-\overbrace{50}^C-\overbrace{100}^A}{\underbrace{100}_A+\underbrace{50}_{C_{0.5}}(1-\underbrace{0.5}_t)}=40\%.&lt;/math&gt;
Situation 2:
&lt;pre&gt;
   100   50    100      balance
----|-----|-----|----
    0    0.5    1
     \   / \   /
      \ /   \ /
     -50%  +100%      effective interest rate
&lt;/pre&gt;
Dollar-weighted rate of return for the entire period is &lt;math&gt;0\%&lt;/math&gt; because &lt;math&gt;I=\underbrace{100}_B-\underbrace{100}_A-\underbrace{0}_C=0&lt;/math&gt;. 

Situation 3:
&lt;pre&gt;
        -25            contribution
   100   50    50      balance
----|-----|-----|----
    0    0.5    1
     \   / \   /
      \ /   \ /
     -50%  +100%      effective interest rate
&lt;/pre&gt;
Dollar-weighted rate of return for the entire period is
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{\overbrace{50}^B-(\overbrace{-25}^C)-\overbrace{100}^A}{\underbrace{100}_A\underbrace{-25}_{C_{0.5}}(1-\underbrace{0.5}_t)}\approx -28.57\%.&lt;/math&gt;

The dollar weighted rate of return for each of the situation is very different. 
However, the effective interest rate of the fund at each subperiod is the same in every situation,
and the effective interest rate for the entire period is &lt;math&gt;(1-50\%)(1+100\%)-1=0\%&lt;/math&gt; which measures 
the 'performance' of the fund.  
In two of the situations, the dollar-weighted rate of return differ from &lt;math&gt;0\%&lt;/math&gt; a lot. Therefore, 
this is inaccurate to measure the performance of the fund.
A more accurate way is using the ''time-weighted rate of return'' which is not affected by the amount of 
contribution and balance.

{{colored definition|
(Time-weighted rate of return)
Consider the following diagram.
&lt;pre&gt;
            C_{t_1} C_{t_2}   C_{t_3}  ... C_{t_{m-1}}  Net contribution to the fund
----|----------|-----|---------|---------------|-----|
  t_0=0       t_1   t_2       t_3    ...     t_{m-1} t_m=1
  B'_0       B'_1   B'_2      B'_3    ...    B'_{m-1} B'_m    Fund value 
     \       / \   /  \       /                 \   /
      \    /    \ /    \    /                    \ /
       \ /      j_2     \  /          ...        j_m       Yield rate
       j_1               j_3
&lt;/pre&gt;
in which 
* &lt;math&gt;C_{t_n}&lt;/math&gt; is the net contribution to the fund at time &lt;math&gt;t_n\in [0,1]&lt;/math&gt;
* &lt;math&gt;C_{t_0}=C_{t_m}=0&lt;/math&gt; because there is no net contribution at time &lt;math&gt;t_0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;t_m&lt;/math&gt;.
* &lt;math&gt;B'_n&lt;/math&gt; is the fund value just before the &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;th contribution, and &lt;math&gt;n\in[1,m-1]&lt;/math&gt; because there are only &lt;math&gt;m-1&lt;/math&gt; net contributions. For &lt;math&gt;B'_0,B'_m&lt;/math&gt;, they are defined as follows to make the following formula of time-weighted rate of return valid for each &lt;math&gt;k\in 1,2,\ldots,m&lt;/math&gt;
* &lt;math&gt;B'_0&lt;/math&gt; is the fund value at the beginning of the period.
* &lt;math&gt;B'_m&lt;/math&gt; is the fund value at the end of the period.
* &lt;math&gt;j_n&lt;/math&gt; is the time-weighted rate of return over the &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;th subinterval.
Assume that there are &lt;math&gt;m-1&lt;/math&gt; net contributions to the fund in total, and they do not occur exactly at the beginning or the end of the period.
Then there are &lt;math&gt;m&lt;/math&gt; subinterval corresponding to the &lt;math&gt;m-1&lt;/math&gt; net contributions, as shown in the above diagram.
The time-weighted rate of return over the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;th subinterval (i.e. from time &lt;math&gt;t_{k-1}&lt;/math&gt; to time &lt;math&gt;t_k&lt;/math&gt;), is defined by
:&lt;math&gt;1+j_k=\frac{\overbrace{B'_k}^{\text{Balance just before }k\text{th contribution}}}{\underbrace{B'_{k-1}+C_{t_{k-1}}}_{\text{Balance at time }t_{k-1}}},&lt;/math&gt;
and the yield rate over the whole period (&lt;math&gt;i^{TW}&lt;/math&gt;) by time-weighted rate of return is defined by
:&lt;math&gt;1+i^{TW}=(1+j_1)(1+j_2)\cdots(1+j_m).&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored remark|
* This rate is not consistent with the assumption of compound interest, because the amount of principal changes throughout the period.
* It is time-weighted in the sense that the yield rate by time-weighted rate of return is affected by the time points at which the net contributions are made.
* Time-weighted rate of return over the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;th subinterval is the effective interest rate over the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;th subinterval, because the balance at time &lt;math&gt;t_{k-1}&lt;/math&gt; accumulates at the effective interest rate to the balance just before the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;th net contribution, and there are no net contributions during the accumulation process.
* The yield rate over the whole period is the effective interest rate over the whole period.
}}
It can be observed that the time-weighted rate of return for each of three previous situation is 
:&lt;math&gt;(1-50\%)(1+100\%)-1=0\%&lt;/math&gt;
which is not affected by the balance and contribution. Therefore, it is more accurate than dollar-weighted rate of return in this situation. 
Although it is more accurate, it requires more information than dollar-weighted rate of return, because we need the information about contributions 
at different time points and the corresponding balance at each time point to calculate the overall yield rate. 
On the other hand, only information about the balance at the beginning and the end, 
and the contributions are needed for dollar-weighted rate of return for dollar-weighted rate of return
Therefore, it is sometimes impossible to calculate the overall yield rate using time-weighted 
rate of return, but possible when we use the dollar-weighted rate of return                   
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Consider a fund with amount 10000 at the beginning of a year, 15000 at the end of first quarter of the year, 17000 at July 31 of the year, and 22000 at the end of the year. At the end the first quarter, an extra 3000 is deposited in the fund, and at July 31 of the year, 1000 is withdrawn from the fund.}

{Calculate the yield rate over the year using dollar-weighted rate of return over the year. Type n/a if it is impossible. Correct your answer to two decimal places.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 84.51 }%
|| The yield rate is &lt;math&gt;\frac{22000-10000-(3000-1000)}{10000+3000(1-0.25)-1000(1-7/12)}\approx 84.51\%&lt;/math&gt;.

{Calculate the yield rate over the year using time-weighted rate of return. Type n/a if it is impossible. Correct your answer to two decimal places.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 94.79 }%
|| The yield rate is &lt;math&gt;\frac{15000}{10000}\cdot\frac{17000}{15000+3000}\cdot\frac{22000}{17000-1000}-1\approx 94.79\%&lt;/math&gt;
|| If the balance at the first quarter or July 31 of the year is not given, it is impossible to calculate the yield rate.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}
==Stocks==
We will discuss two types of stock: {{colored em|preferred stock}} (or preference share) and {{colored em|common stock}} (or ordinary share) in this section.

In general, {{colored em|preferred}} stock is a {{colored em|fixed-income}} security which provides {{colored em|fixed}} dividends periodically. However, it differs from bond, 
which also gives fixed income, since preferred stock is an {{colored em|ownership security}} instead of a debt security (bond is a debt security), 
and also preferred stock ranks {{colored em|behind}} bonds and other debt instructments in terms of the degree of security.
This is because all payments on indebtedness must be made {{colored em|before}} preferred stock receives a dividend.

{{colored proposition|
(Price of preferred stock without maturity date)
The price of preferred stock without maturity date, with amount of each periodic dividend equal &lt;math&gt;D&lt;/math&gt; is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P=\frac{D}{i}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored proof|
To set a 'fair' price for the stock that reflects its value, the price is set to be the present value of all periodic future dividends, which last forever, i.e.
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P=Da_{\overline\infty|i}=\frac{D}{i}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored em|Common}} stock is also a type of ownership security. However, it does not earn a {{colored em|fixed}} dividend rate.
Instead, common stock dividends are paid only {{colored em|after}} interest payments on all bonds and other debt 
and dividends on preferred stock are paid.
Thus, common stock has an even lower degree of security than preferred stock.
Also, the common stock price is usually quite volatile.

We can compute the {{colored em|theoretical}} price (which is generally not the price in reality) 
of common stock based on the {{colored em|dividend discount model}}, i.e. 
the price should represent the present value of future dividends, similar to that of preferred stock.

{{colored proposition|
(Price of common stock with dividends varying in geometric sequence)
Let &lt;math&gt;D&lt;/math&gt; be the common stock dividend at the end of current period. 
Suppose the dividends are expected to change in a geometric sequence with common ratio &lt;math&gt;1+k&lt;/math&gt; indefinitely, in which &lt;math&gt;-1&lt;k&lt;i&lt;/math&gt;. 
Then, the {{colored em|theoretical}} price is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\frac{D}{i-k}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored proof|
The theoretical price is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
Dv+\underbrace{D(1+k)v^2}_{Dv[v(1+k)]}+\cdots
=\frac{Dv}{1-v(1+k)}
=\frac{Dv(1+i)}{1+i-v(1+i)(1+k)}
=\frac{D}{i-k}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
Illustration of the dividends paid:
&lt;pre&gt;
       D  D(1+k)  ...
---|---|---|------------
   0   1   2      ...
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{colored example|
Suppose a common stock pay annual dividends with amount &lt;math&gt;10&lt;/math&gt; at the end of each year forever.
The common stock dividend is expected to increase by &lt;math&gt;5\%&lt;/math&gt; per year.

An investor purchases this common stock at the price of &lt;math&gt;200&lt;/math&gt;. Compute the yield rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;. 

{{colored em|Solution:}} 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
200=10v+10(1.05)v^2+\cdots
\Rightarrow 
200=\frac{10v}{1-1.05v}
\Rightarrow 
200-210v=10v
\Rightarrow v\approx 0.90909
\Rightarrow i=0.1
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Suppose there is now more pessimistic view on the common stock, and thus the common stock dividend is now expected to increase by &lt;math&gt;3\%&lt;/math&gt; per year only. Then, the yield rate
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- increases.
+ decreases.
|| we have &lt;math&gt;200=\frac{10v}{1-1.03v}\Rightarrow i=0.08&lt;/math&gt;
- remains unchanged.
- has uncertain change.

{Suppose the common stock now pays annual dividends with amount &lt;math&gt;5&lt;/math&gt; at the end of each year forever instead. The dividend is expected to increase by &lt;math&gt;x\%&lt;/math&gt; such that the yield rate remains unchanged. Then, &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; is
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 5&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;6&lt;/math&gt;.
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 6&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;7&lt;/math&gt;.
+ &lt;math&gt;\ge 7&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;8&lt;/math&gt;.
|| &lt;math&gt;\frac{5(1.1)^{-1}}{1-(1+x/100)(1.1)^{-1}}=200\Rightarrow 1+x/100=1.075\Rightarrow x=7.5&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 8&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;9&lt;/math&gt;.
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 9&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;10&lt;/math&gt;.
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}
{{hide|Optional topic: short sales|
Some investors in securities use {{colored em|short sales}} (or short transactions) when they think that the {{colored em|price}} 
of a security is likely to {{colored em|decline}}.
When there is a short sale, {{colored em|sale}} occurs {{colored em|first}} and the {{colored em|purchase}} occurs later (ideally at a price that is lower than selling price).

Because of this terminology, we say the normal transaction (purchase occurs first, then sale occurs later), as {{colored em|long transactions}}. 

Typically, with a short sale, the investor {{colored em|borrows}} (not purchases) the security from a 2nd party, and sells it in the market 
to a 3rd party.
Later, the investor {{colored em|buys}} back the security from the market (ideally at a lower price than selling price), to return the security to the 2nd party.
The process of buying back the security is called 'covering the short'.

Practically, when the {{colored em|sale}} is made, the short seller need to make a deposit of a percentage of the price, 
and the percentage is called {{colored em|margin}} and {{colored em|cannot be recovered}} by the short seller, until the short position is covered (i.e. 'covering the short' is done). Short seller will be credited interest on the {{colored em|margin}} deposit. 

Also, if the security pays dividends, then the short seller need to pay these to the purchaser of the security, {{colored em|without receiving them from the seller of security, e.g. company}}. That is, the short seller plays the role of the company selling the security temporarily, and need to pay the dividend to the 3rd party. 

{{colored example|
An investor sold a stock short for &lt;math&gt;10000&lt;/math&gt; and bought back for &lt;math&gt;9500&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 1st year.
The stock paid &lt;math&gt;700&lt;/math&gt; in dividend during the year.
Given that the margin requirement is &lt;math&gt;30\%&lt;/math&gt;, and the interest rate on the margin is &lt;math&gt;10\%&lt;/math&gt;. 
Compute the yield rate ofthe investor (which is &lt;math&gt;\frac{\text{net profit}}{\text{margin deposit}}&lt;/math&gt;, since the margin deposit can be viewed as the amount of investment, and the yield rate is the rate of return on the investment).

{{colored em|Solution:}} 
* gain on short sale is &lt;math&gt;10000-9500=500&lt;/math&gt; 
* interest on margin is &lt;math&gt;0.1(10000(0.3))=300&lt;/math&gt; 
* dividend on stock is &lt;math&gt;700&lt;/math&gt; 
So, the net profit is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
500+300-700=100.
&lt;/math&gt;
The yield rate is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\frac{100}{10000(0.3)}\approx 0.033333.
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Suppose the stock paid &lt;math&gt;D&lt;/math&gt; in dividend instead during the year, such that the yield rate is zero. Compute &lt;math&gt;D&lt;/math&gt;.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;500&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;600&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;700&lt;/math&gt;. 
+ &lt;math&gt;800&lt;/math&gt;. 
|| for the yield rate to be zero, net profit needs to be zero, i.e. &lt;math&gt;500+300-D=0\Rightarrow D=800&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;900&lt;/math&gt;. 

{Suppose the investor had a wrong prediction on the price of the stock, and the stock price actually increased to &lt;math&gt;10500&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 1st {{colored em|month}} (or at the end of &lt;math&gt;1/12&lt;/math&gt;th of 1st year) after the investor sold the stock short. So, the investor bought back the stock for &lt;math&gt;10500&lt;/math&gt; to avoid further losses from the short sale. Holding other conditions constant, the yield rate of the investor is
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ &lt;math&gt;\ge -0.4&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;-0.3&lt;/math&gt;. 
|| the yield rate is &lt;math&gt;(-500+(0.1/12)(10000)(0.3)-700)/(10000(0.3))\approx -0.391667&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge -0.3&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;-0.2&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge -0.2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;-0.1&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge -0.1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;0&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;0.1&lt;/math&gt;. 
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}
}}
==Term structure of interest rate==
The effective interest rates vary according to the term of investment, which is shown by {{colored em|yield curve}}. 
{{colored definition|
(Yield curve)
{{colored em|Yield curve}} is a curve showing the relationship between the effective interest rate and term of investment. 
}}
{{colored remark|
Typically, the effective interest rate {{colored em|increases}} when the term is longer.
}}
There are some theories explaining the change of effective interest rate when the term changes in length, which are explained in the [[../Determinants of Interest Rates]] chapter.
===Spot rates===
When we are computing yield rate of arbitrary {{colored em|group}} of fixed interest securities at arbitrary given date, 
the interest rates vary according to the {{colored em|term}} of the investment, 
as shown in the previous subsection.
So, we need to take this variation into consideration.

If there are factors other than term that vary, e.g. frequency of coupon payments, then it makes the comparison between different groups of the securities complicated.
So, to avoid complications, we compare short-term and long-term interest rates with reference to zero-coupon bonds,
by considering each security as a {{colored em|combination}} of (notional) {{colored em|zero-coupon bond(s)}}, 
if we assume that there is no {{colored em|arbitrage}} (i.e. risk-free trading profit) (this is called {{colored em|no-arbitrage assumption}}).

After assuming there is no {{colored em|arbitrage}}, it is impossible for the fixed-interest security and 
the combination of zero-coupon bonds that replicates the security to have two different prices (this is called the {{colored em|law of one price}}), 
otherwise, investor may be able to gain a risk-free trading profit using the price difference.
We will not discuss the strategy to obtain arbitrage in this book.
However, such arbitrage opportunity is rare in modern financial market, and also, even if it exists, it will be quickly eliminated after being spotted by some investors, and exploited by them.

Actually, the {{colored em|spot rate of interest}} is quite related to the zero-coupon bond.
{{colored definition|
(Spot rate of interest)
The {{colored em|n-year spot rate of interest}} is the annual yield rate of zero-coupon bonds of term &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;, denoted by &lt;math&gt;i_n&lt;/math&gt;. 
}}
{{colored remark|
* since interest rate varies according to the term of investment, &lt;math&gt;i_n&lt;/math&gt; has different values for different value of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; generally.
* the {{colored em|term structure of interest rates}} means the {{colored em|spot rate vector}} &lt;math&gt;(i_1,i_2,\ldots,i_n)&lt;/math&gt; (the numbers inside are spot rates) 
* &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is often positive integer, with year as unit, but in some rare cases, it may be positive decimal number, with different unit
}}
{{colored example|
(Considering a fixed-interest bond as a combination of zero-coupon bonds)
Consider a 10-year bond that pays coupons with amount &lt;math&gt;20&lt;/math&gt; at the end of each year and has the redemption value of &lt;math&gt;500&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 10th year.  
Given that the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;-year spot rate is &lt;math&gt;0.01k&lt;/math&gt;, compute &lt;math&gt;P&lt;/math&gt;.  

Then, we can consider this bond as a combination of zero coupon bonds as follows:
* for the ten annual coupons, we replicate them by ten zero coupon bonds, with redemption value &lt;math&gt;20&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 1st, 2nd, ... , 10th year
* for the redemption payment, we replicate it by a zero coupon bond, with redemption value &lt;math&gt;500&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 10th year

Thus, the bond price is 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P=20(v_{i_1}+v_{i_2}^2+\cdots+v_{i_{10}}^{10})+500v_{i_{10}}^{10}
=20(1.01^{-1}+1.02^{-2}+\cdots+1.1^{-10})+500(1.1)^{-10}
\approx 644.759\text{ (by direct computation)}
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
===Forward rates===
{{colored definition|
(Forward rates)
The forward rate &lt;math&gt;f_{t\to t+r}&lt;/math&gt; represents the {{colored em|annual}} interest rate payable on a 
risk-free investment made at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; and maturing at time &lt;math&gt;t+r&lt;/math&gt;. 
}}
The forward rates can be computed from the spot rates, vice versa.
This is because an investment of &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt; in a &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;-year zero-coupon bond 
followed by an investment of the redemption value (which is &lt;math&gt;k(1+i_t)^t&lt;/math&gt;, since &lt;math&gt;k=Cv_{i_t}^t&lt;/math&gt;) from this bond in an &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt;-year zero-coupon bond 
is worth the same as an investment of &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt; in a &lt;math&gt;(t+r)&lt;/math&gt;-year zero-coupon bond. 
That is,
&lt;math display=block&gt;
k(1+i_t)^t(1+f_{t\to t+r})^r=k(1+i_{t+r})^{t+r}\Rightarrow (1+i_t)^t(1+f_{t\to t+r})^r=(1+i_{t+r})^{t+r}.
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored example|
Consider a 3-year bond, with coupon of amount &lt;math&gt;10&lt;/math&gt; paid at the end of year 1 and year 3,
and its redemption value is &lt;math&gt;50&lt;/math&gt;. 
Given that the 1-year spot rate is &lt;math&gt;5\%&lt;/math&gt; and 1-year deferred 2-year forward rate (i.e. &lt;math&gt;f_{1\to 3}&lt;/math&gt;) is &lt;math&gt;7\%&lt;/math&gt;,  
compute &lt;math&gt;P&lt;/math&gt;. 
{{colored em|Solution:}} 
The 3-year spot rate is &lt;math&gt;\left((1.05)(1.07)^2\right)^{1/3}-1\approx 0.063291360&lt;/math&gt;. 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P=10(1.05)^{-1}+10(1.063291360)^{-3}+50(1.063291360)^{-3}\approx 59.43459.&lt;/math&gt;
}}
===Par yields===
{{colored definition|
(Par yield)
The &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;-year {{colored em|par yield}}, denoted by &lt;math&gt;i_{p_n}&lt;/math&gt;  
is the coupon {{colored em|per unit nominal}} (i.e. &lt;math&gt;Fr/F=r&lt;/math&gt;) that would be payable 
on a bond with a term of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; years, that would 
give the bond a current price under current term structure of &lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt; per unit nominal (i.e. &lt;math&gt;A=P/F&lt;/math&gt;), assuming the bond is redeemed at par (i.e. &lt;math&gt;C=1&lt;/math&gt;).
That is, 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
i_{p_n}\left(v_{i_1}+v_{i_2}^2+\cdots+v_{i_n}^n\right)+v_{i_n}^n=1.
&lt;/math&gt;
(by the formula &lt;math&gt;P/F=Fr/F\left(v_{i_1}+v_{i_2}^2+\cdots+v_{i_n}^n\right)+Cv_{i_n}^n&lt;/math&gt;)
}}
{{colored remark|
* the par yields given an alternative measure of the relationship between the yield and the term of investments
* the difference between &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;-year par yield and &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;-year spot rate is called the &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;-year {{colored em|coupon bias}} 
}}
Illustration of {{colored em|par yield}}:
&lt;pre&gt;
   1  ipn ipn                 ipn 1
   ↓   ↑   ↑                   ↑↗ 
---|---|---|-------------------|---
   0   1   2                   n
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{colored example|
Given that the annual term structure of interest rate is &lt;math&gt;(0.01,0.02,0.03,\ldots,)&lt;/math&gt;, compute the 3-year par yield.

{{colored em|Solution:}} 
Since
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\begin{align}
&amp;&amp; i_{p_3}(v_{i_1}+v_{i_2}^2+v_{i_3}^3)+v_{i_3}^3&amp;=1\\
&amp;\Rightarrow&amp; i_{p_3}(1.01^{-1}+1.02^{-2}+1.03^{-3})&amp;=1\\
&amp;\Rightarrow&amp; i_{p_3}\approx 0.3488685.
\end{align}
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Compute the 3-year spot rate.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;0.01&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;0.02&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;0.03&lt;/math&gt; 
|| it can be directly read from the term structure of interest rate
- &lt;math&gt;1.02&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;1.03&lt;/math&gt; 

{Compute the 3-year coupon bias. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;0.049&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.149&lt;/math&gt;. 
+ &lt;math&gt;0.319&lt;/math&gt;.
- &lt;math&gt;0.349&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.489&lt;/math&gt;. 

{Compute the 2-year deferred 1-year forward rate.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ &lt;math&gt;0.00980&lt;/math&gt;. 
|| the 2-year deferred 1-year forward rate is denoted by &lt;math&gt;_1f_2&lt;/math&gt; 
|| &lt;math&gt;(1+_1f_2)(1.02)=1.03\Rightarrow _1f_2\approx 0.00980&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;0.00985&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.01980&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.00489&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.00494&lt;/math&gt;. 
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}
==Macaulay duration, modified duration and convexity== 
{{colored em|Macaulay duration}} measures the {{colored em|average length}} or {{colored em|term}} of a financial transaction.

Recall the {{colored em|method of equated time}}. It also measures the average term to maturity.
THe index is computed as the {{colored em|weighted}} average of different payments in which the weights are the amount paid.
E.g., if the payment is &lt;math&gt;s_k&lt;/math&gt; at the beginning of time &lt;math&gt;t=k&lt;/math&gt;, then 
the average term to maturity is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
t=\frac{\sum_{}^{}ts_t}{\sum_{}^{}s_t}.
&lt;/math&gt;
However, it does {{colored em|not}} consider the effect of interest rate, and 
{{colored em|Macaulay duration}} considers the effect, and thus is generally a better index.
{{colored definition|
(Macaulay duration)
The Macaulay duration &lt;math&gt;\operatorname{D}_\text{mac}(i)&lt;/math&gt; is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\frac{t_1v_i^{t_1}C_{t_1}+\cdots+t_nv_i^{t_n}C_{t_n}}{C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}}
&lt;/math&gt;
in which cash flow &lt;math&gt;C_{t_k}&lt;/math&gt; is made at time &lt;math&gt;t_k&lt;/math&gt;.  
}}
Illustration:
&lt;pre&gt;
      Ct1 Ct2        Ctk     Ctn
---|---|---|----------|-------|---    
   0  t_1 t_2   ...  t_k ... t_n
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{colored remark|
* The Macaulay duration is the mean term of cash flows weighted by their {{colored em|present values}} (instead of simply amount, which is used in method of equated time)
* The Macaulay duration is a function of &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. it changes as &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; changes
* Alternative names of Macaulay duration include discounted mean term.
* Unless otherwise specified, &quot;duration&quot; means Macaulay duration.
}}
{{colored example|
A 20-year bond with par value &lt;math&gt;10&lt;/math&gt; has a &lt;math&gt;3\%&lt;/math&gt; semiannual coupon rate. 
Suppose its redemption value is &lt;math&gt;20&lt;/math&gt;, and the semiannual yield rate is &lt;math&gt;i=5\%&lt;/math&gt;. 
Compute its Macaulay duration.

{{colored em|Solution:}} 
Its Macaulay duration is 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\frac{10(0.03)(Ia)_{\overline {40}|0.05}+40(20)(1.05)^{-40}}{10(0.03)a_{\overline{40}|0.05}+20(1.05)^{-40}}
\approx 23.4893.
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Compute its average term to maturity using {{colored em|method of equated time}}. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;20.5&lt;/math&gt; 
|| we also need to consider the redemption value
- &lt;math&gt;23.2857&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;32.6183&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;32.6875&lt;/math&gt; 
|| &lt;math&gt;\overline t=\frac{0.3(1+2+\cdots+40)+20(40)}{0.3(40)+20}=\frac{0.3(40\times 41)/20(40)}{32}=32.6875&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;32.7647&lt;/math&gt; 

{Compute the duration if &lt;math&gt;i=0\%&lt;/math&gt;. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;20.5&lt;/math&gt; 
|| we also need to consider the redemption value
- &lt;math&gt;23.2857&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;32.6183&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;32.6875&lt;/math&gt; 
|| when &lt;math&gt;i=0\%&lt;/math&gt;, the duration formula is the same as the formula for method of equated time 
|| &lt;math&gt;\overline t=\frac{0.3(1+2+\cdots+40)+20(40)}{0.3(40)+20}=\frac{0.3(40\times 41)/20(40)}{32}=32.6875&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;32.7647&lt;/math&gt; 
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}
To measure the sensitivity of a series of cash flows to movements in the interest rates is the {{colored em|volatility}}. 
{{colored definition|
(Modified duration)
Consider a series of cash flows &lt;math&gt;C_{t_1},C_{t_2},\ldots,C_{t_n}&lt;/math&gt;. 
Let &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; be the present value of the cash flows at rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;, 
i.e.
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P(i)=C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}.
&lt;/math&gt;
The {{colored em|modified duration}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\operatorname{D}_{\text{mod}}(i)={\color{darkgreen}-}\frac{P'(i)}{P(i)}
=\frac{C_{t_1}t_1v_i^{t_2}+\cdots+C_{t_n}t_nv_i^{t_{n+1}}}{C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}}
=\frac{\operatorname{D}_{\text{mac}}(i)}{1+i}
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored remark|
* It measures the {{colored em|rate of change}} of &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; and is {{colored em|independent}} of the size of the present value (because of the denominator)
* It is analogous to {{colored em|force of interest}}, and the negative sign is added to ensure that the volatility is positive, since &lt;math&gt;P'(i)&lt;0&lt;/math&gt;, considering that &lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{di}v^t&lt;0&lt;/math&gt; for each &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;   
* There is close relationship between Macaulay duration and modified duration, and hence the name {{colored em|modified}} duration
* Alternative name includes volatility.
}}
Another analogous term to {{colored em|volatility}} is {{colored em|convexity}}.
{{colored definition|
(Convexity)
Consider a series of cash flows &lt;math&gt;C_{t_1},C_{t_2},\ldots,C_{t_n}&lt;/math&gt;. 
Let &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; be the present value of the cash flows at rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;, 
i.e.
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P(i)=C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}.
&lt;/math&gt;
The {{colored em|convexity}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\overline c(i)=\frac{P''(i)}{P(i)}=\frac{C_{t_1}(t_1)(t_1+1)v_i^{t_3}+\cdots+C_{t_n}(t_n)(t_n+1)v_i^{t_{n+2}}}{C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
The usage of {{colored em|convexity}} is as follows:
consider a small change in interest from &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;math&gt;i+\epsilon&lt;/math&gt;. 
By Taylor series expansion,
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P(i+\epsilon)=P(i)+\epsilon P'(i)+\frac{\epsilon^2}{2}P''(i+\delta)
&lt;/math&gt;
in which &lt;math&gt;0&lt;|\delta|&lt;|\epsilon|&lt;/math&gt;. 
Thus, using both {{colored em|volatility}} and {{colored em|convexity}} gives an {{colored em|approximation}} to the change in &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; by 
a small change in interest rates.
This will be quite useful in [[../Immunization/]] chapter.
{{colored example|
Suppose there are cash inflows of &lt;math&gt;100&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;200&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;300&lt;/math&gt; at the end of year 2,3 and 4 respectively, and that 
the annual interest rate is &lt;math&gt;5\%&lt;/math&gt;. 
Its {{colored em|duration}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
d(i)=\frac{100(2)v_{0.05}^2+200(3)v_{0.05}^3+300(4)v_{0.05}^4}{100v_{0.05}^2+200v_{0.05}^3+300v_{0.05}^3}
=\frac{200(1.05)^{-2}+600(1.05)^{-3}+1200(1.05)^{-4}}{100(1.05)^{-2}+200(1.05)^{-3}+300(1.05)^{-4}}
\approx 3.30593.
&lt;/math&gt;
Its {{colored em|volatility}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
v(i)=\frac{d(i)}{1.05}\approx 3.1485.
&lt;/math&gt;
Its {{colored em|convexity}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
c(i)=\frac{100(2)(3)v_{0.05}^4+200(3)(4)v_{0.05}^5+300(4)(5)v_{0.05}^6}{100v_{0.05}^2+200v_{0.05}^3+300v_{0.05}^4}
\approx 13.4267
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
Let &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; be the net present value of the cash flows in this example.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Compute &lt;math&gt;P(0.05)&lt;/math&gt;. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;-535.80&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;-510.28&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;510.28&lt;/math&gt; 
|| &lt;math&gt;P(i)=100v_{0.05}^2+200v_{0.05}^3+300v_{0.05}^4\approx 510.28&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;535.80&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;1686.95&lt;/math&gt; 

{Compute &lt;math&gt;P'(0.05)&lt;/math&gt;.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;-1686.95&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;-1606.62&lt;/math&gt; 
|| &lt;math&gt;P'(i)=-v(i)P(i)\approx 1606.62
- &lt;math&gt;3.15&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;1606.62&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;1686.95&lt;/math&gt; 

{Compute &lt;math&gt;P''(0.05)&lt;/math&gt;. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;-7194.03&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;-6851.38&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;13.43&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;6851.38&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;7194.03&lt;/math&gt; 
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>203m99lygq11rxueazn1sxe8ub3et8w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088443</id>
      <parentid>4088436</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:28:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Term structure of interest rate */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="74273" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Learning objectives ==
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning yield curves, rates of return, and measures of duration and convexity, and how to perform related calculations.

== Learning outcomes ==
The Candidate will be able to:

* Define and recognize the definitions of the following terms: yield rate/rate of return, dollar-weighted rate of return, time-weighted rate of return, current value, duration (Macaulay and modified), convexity (Macaulay and modified), portfolio, spot rate, forward rate, yield curve, stock price, stock dividend.
* Calculate:
:* The dollar-weighted and time-weighted rate of return.
:* The duration and convexity of a set of cash flows.
:* Either Macaulay or modified duration given the other.
:* The approximate change in present value due to a change in interest rate,
::* The approximate change in present value due to a change in interest rate,
::* Using 1st-order approximation based on Macaulay duration.
:* The price of a stock using the dividend discount model.
:* The present value of a set of cash flows, using a yield curve developed from forward and spot rates.

==Discounted cash flow analysis==
{{colored definition|
(Net cash flow)
Net cash flow at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; equals cash ''inflow'' at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; minus cash ''outflow'' at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;.
}}
{{colored remark|
We use &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt; to denote ''net'' cash flow at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;.
}}
Then, we can express a series of cash flows as follows:
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
| Net cash flow || &lt;math&gt;C_0&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;C_1&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;C_2&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\cdots&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;C_n&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Time || &lt;math&gt;0&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\cdots&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;
|}

After defining net cash flows, we can also define net present value.
{{colored definition|
(Net present value)
The net present value (NPV), denoted by &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt;, is sum of present
value of every net cash flow, i.e. &lt;math&gt;P(i) = \sum_{t}{C_t
v^t}.&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored remark|
* Net present value is a function of &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;.
* An investment is profitable if and only if its net present value is positive, i.e. the series of cash flows in the investment is equivalent to ''one'' cash ''inflow'' at time 0.
* The present value of cash flow can be interpreted as ''discounted'' cash flow: cash flow at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; is discounted by the factor &lt;math&gt;v^t&lt;/math&gt;.
}}
An example to illustrate how we can use net present value to determine profitability of investment is in the following.
{{anchor|npv_profitability}}
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{
Ivan gives you an offer to invest in his project. His project requires an investment from you of $10,000 now and the project certainly pays $3,000 at the end of 2nd year, $4,000 at the end of 3rd year and $5,000 at the end of 10th year to you. At an annual effective interest rate of 10%, should you take his offer?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- yes
|| You should calculate the net present value of the project to make the decision.
+ no
|| Because &lt;math&gt;v = (1+10\%)^{-1}&lt;/math&gt;, 
|| &lt;math&gt;P(i) = -10000 + 3000 v^2 + 4000 v^3 + 5000 v^{10}= -2587&lt;0.&lt;/math&gt;
|| Therefore, you should not take his offer, because the net present value is negative.   
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

Apart from determining ''whether'' the investment is profitable, we sometimes also want to know ''how'' profitable the investment is. A natural way to measure ''how'' profitable the investment is using its rate of return which can be measured by ''internal rate of return.''
{{colored definition|
(Internal rate of return)
The ''internal rate of return'' (IRR) of an investment is the effective
interest rate per measurement period at which the net present value of the investment equals zero.
}}
{{colored remark|
* It is also called ''yield rate''.
* Equivalently, the internal rate of return is the interest rate at which the initial investment, i.e. cash flow at time zero, equals the net present value of the future net cash flows. Therefore, we may split the initial investment into several portions, and each of them will accumulate to the amount of each of the future cash flow correspondingly at the internal rate of return, at the corresponding time of the cash flow. (See the exercise below.) 
* Internal rate of return is also the interest rate at which the total present value of cost (i.e. cash outflow(s)) equals total present value of benefit (i.e. cash inflow(s)).
* It is internal in the sense that the calculation excludes external factors, e.g. financial risk, inflation, etc.
* In general, it is very difficult to calculate internal rate of return directly by hand. Therefore, financial calculator, e.g. BA II Plus, is usually used to calculate it. We may also use linear interpolation in the interest table to approximate it.
* It may not exist and may not be unique. There can be no internal rate of return, or multiple internal rates of return, although it is uncommon in practice.
}}
Let's illustrate the split of initial investment mentioned in the remark in the following exercise.

{{anchor|split_initial_investment}}
Consider the following cash flows for an investment.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Time !! Net cash Flow
|-
| 0 || -500
|-
| 1 || 100
|-
| 2 || 0
|-
| 3 || 300
|-
| 4 || 0
|-
| 5 || 500
|}
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{
Refer to the above cash flows. It is given that the internal rate of return of this investment is 17.05% (correct to two decimal places). 
Split the initial investment (with amount 500) into three portions that will accumulate to the amount of each of the future cash flow correspondingly 
at the internal rate of return (i.e. 17.05% in this case, use exactly this percentage for calculation), at the corresponding time of the cash flow.
Correct your answers to two decimal places.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
The portion with amount { 85.43 } will accumulate to 100 at time 1.
The portion with amount { 187.07 } will accumulate to 300 at time 3.
The portion with amount { 227.57 } will accumulate to 500 at time 5.
at the interest rate of 17.05%, i.e. internal rate of return.
|| Let the amount of the three portions be &lt;math&gt;x,y,z&lt;/math&gt; respectively. Then, we can have
|| &lt;math&gt;\begin{cases} x(1.1705)&amp;=100\\ y(1.1705)^3&amp;=300\\ z(1.1705)^5&amp;=500\end{cases} \iff\begin{cases}x&amp;\approx 85.43\\y&amp;\approx 187.07\\z&amp;\approx 227.57.\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;
|| As a checking, we calculate &lt;math&gt;x+y+z&lt;/math&gt; to see whether it equals 500.
|| &lt;math&gt;x+y+z\approx 85.43+187.07+227.57\approx 500.07&lt;/math&gt;
|| This is close enough to 500, and the tiny error is due to rounding. Therefore, we can split the initial investment into three portions as above.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

=== BA II Plus calculator usage ===
The TI BA II plus has a cash flow function to deal with uneven cash flow streams. Here is an example of cash flows.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Time !! Net cash Flow
|-
| 0 || -500
|-
| 1 || 100
|-
| 2 || 0
|-
| 3 || 300
|-
| 4 || 0
|-
| 5 || 500
|}kk
You can use the following command to calculate the net present value at effective interest rate of 10% per measurement period.
:'''2ND CE|C CF 500 +|- ENTER ↓ 100 ENTER ↓ ↓ 0 ENTER ↓ ↓ 300 ENTER ↓ ↓ 0 ENTER ↓ ↓ 500 ENTER NPV 10 ENTER ↓ CPT''' 
You should get NPV=126.76. The following are some explanations on the command.

# '''2ND CE|C''' will clear any previous work saved in the calculator. 
# '''CF''' Enters into cash flow mode. 
# Next, you will see ''CF0='' for which you need to enter the first cash flow of '''-500''' which is made at time zero. You should enter ''negative'' value for cash ''outflow''. This is the convention used in BAII Plus calculator.
# After entering '''-500''' and then pressing '''↓''', you will see '''C01''', for which you need to enter the second cash flow of '''100''' which is made at time one.
# After pressing '''↓''' again, you will see ''F1'', for which you need to enter the ''frequency'' of the cash flow, i.e. how many times this cash flow is repeated. The default value is 1, which is correct in this case. We will later see an exercise in which the frequency is higher than 1.
# Then, we enter the remaining cash flows. We need to enter all zero cash flows to ensure that the later nonzero cash flow is entered at a correct time.
# After entering the last cash flow of '''500''', press '''NPV''' instead of '''↓'''. Then you will see '''I''', and need to enter the effective interest rate (only the ''number'' in the percentage expression). You should enter '''10''' in this case.
# After pressing '''↓''' and '''CPT''', you should see &quot;NPV=126.76&quot; which is the net present value.

To calculate internal rate of return, press '''IRR''' and then '''CPT''' after entering the last cash flow. You should get IRR=17.05, i.e. the internal rate of return is 17.05%. The calculator will only display the number before the % sign of percentage expression. (This result is used in [[#split_initial_investment|exercise about spliting initial investment]].)

Here is another example of cash flows.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Time !! Net cash Flow
|-
| 0 || -500
|-
| 1 || 200
|-
| 2 || 200
|-
| 3 || 200
|-
| 4 || 200
|-
| 5 || 200
|}

Press
'''2ND CE|C CF 500 +|- ENTER ↓ 200 ENTER ↓ 5 ENTER NPV 10 ENTER ↓ CPT'''
to calculate net present value at effective interest rate of 10% per measurement period.
To calculate internal rate of return, press '''IRR CPT''' after 
'''5 ENTER''' instead. You should get NPV=258.16 for net present value, and 
IRR=28.65 for internal rate of return.

After pressing '''200 ENTER ↓''', we will see ''F01'' for which we need to enter the ''frequency'' of this cash flow. Because this cash flow repeats five times, we enter '''5'''.

In the later commands, '''2ND CE|C''' will be omitted, and it is assumed that you always press this sequence of commands before entering the cash flows.

Let's practice the calculator usage in the following exercise.

{{anchor|calculator_irr}}
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Continue from [[#npv_profitability|exercise about determining profitability using net present value]], calculate the internal rate of return of the project. Correct your answer to two decimal places.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 3.41 _5}%
|| You can press '''CF 10000 +|- ENTER ↓ 0 ENTER ↓ 3000 ENTER ↓ 4000 ENTER ↓ 0 ENTER ↓ 6 ENTER ↓ 5000 ENTER IRR CPT'''. We press '''0 ENTER ↓ 6 ENTER ↓''' because there are 6 zero cash flows in between the cash inflow of 4000 and cash inflow of 10000 (at the end of 4th, 5th, ... , 9th years).
|| Interpretation is as follows. The internal rate of return can represent the rate of return of the investment. In [[#npv_profitability|exercise about determining profitability using net present value]], we determine that the investment is not profitable at effective interest rate of 10% which is larger than 3.41%. 
|| We can interpret the 10% as the interest rate for borrowing money for investment, then we can see that this investment is not profitable because the rate of return from the investment is smaller than the rate of paying interest to the lender, i.e. we keep losing money.
|| Even if we do not need to borrow money for the investment, possibly because we already have sufficient money for investment, this investment is still ''not'' profitable, because of the ''opportunity cost''. 
|| As an alternative to investing money in this investment, we can borrow this money to others. Then, we have 10% rate of return, because the interest rate is 10%. This rate of return is higher than 3.41%. So, the investment is not profitable (because opportunity cost (rate of return of borrowing money to others) is greater than benefit (rate of return of this investment)).
|| It is assumed that at a certain effective interest rate, we can freely borrow money and lend money at this interest rate.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

===Idealized practical situation===
In this subsection, we ''assume'' that we can borrow and lend money at a fixed interest rate freely.
Practically, although we can borrow and lend money, we may not be allowed to borrow and lend money ''freely'', and we typically cannot borrow and lend money at a fixed interest rate for a long time, 
because interest rate will change, and interest rate for borrowing and lending are usually different (and the former is usually higher than latter).

Under this assumption we can calculate 'net accumulated value', which is analogous to net present value. This term is nonstandard and rarely used.
We can connect the net cash flows from one project with another project in which interest is payable 
(when net cash flow is positive, we can put the money in, just like lending money) or credited 
(when net cash flow is negative, we need to take the money out, just like borrowing money) at a fixed rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;. Let's also assume we can put money in and take money out freely, in arbitrary amount (and of course they are subject to the interest payable or credited).
When the another project ends (say at time &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt;), the accumulated value will be
:&lt;math&gt;\sum_{t\le T} C_t(1+i)^{T-t}.&lt;/math&gt;
in which &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt; is the net cash flow from the first project at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;. 
If the first project ends before the another project ends, then we can remove the '&lt;math&gt;\le T&lt;/math&gt;' because &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; is always smaller than or equal 
to &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. the accumulated value will be
:&lt;math&gt;\sum_{t}C_t(1+i)^{T-t} .&lt;/math&gt;

If the another project continues indefinitely, this value is undefined (because it tends to infinity). However, for a project that continues indefinitely, 
in which there are net cash flows, its net present value may be defined, just like perpetuity.

{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Project A requires an initial investment of 1 million, and brings you cash inflows of 200000 at the end of 2nd year, 500000 at the end of 3rd year, and 800000 at the end of 7th year. However, it requires a maintenance fee of 300000 at the end of 5th year. 
The semiannual effective interest rate is 5%.}

{Calculate the net present value of project A.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ -242471.42
|| First, we calculate the ''annual'' effective interest rate which equals &lt;math&gt;1.05^2-1=0.1025=10.25\%&lt;/math&gt;. Then, we can use financial calculator to calculate the answer. In particular, we should enter negative value for the maintenance fee of 300000.
- -234803.25
|| You should calculate the annual effective interest rate under compound interest. The question does not specify that the interest is simple interest.
- -53188.09
|| The given effective interest rate is semiannual.
- 125876.53
|| Maintenance fee is a cash outflow.
- 416927.61
|| The given effective interest rate is semiannual. Also, maintenance fee is a cash outflow.

{Suppose we connect the cash flows associated with project A with project B. In project B, interest is payable or credited at a fixed annual rate of 10%, and
project B continues indefinitely. Calculate the accumulated value of the net cash flows connected with project B at the end of 5th year.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- It is undefined.
|| Although project B continues indefinitely, it is still defined, because we are ''not'' calculating the accumulated value at the end of project B.
+ -1039310
|| Accumulated value equals &lt;math&gt;-1000000(1.1)^5+200000(1.1)^3+500000(1.1)^2-300000=-1039310.&lt;/math&gt;
- -390505.65
|| We cannot just calculate this by multiplying the net present value of project A by &lt;math&gt;1.1^5&lt;/math&gt;, because (i) the interest rate used for calculating the net present value and the rate for project B are different, (ii) it also counts the cash inflow of 800000 which is not yet given at the end of 5th year.
- 571200
|| We also need to consider the initial investment.
- 1171200
|| We also need to consider the initial investment, and the maintenance fee is cash outflow.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

In this subsection, let's also assume that the internal rate of return exists and &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; is positive at 
the interest rate that is strictly smaller than the internal rate of return, and negative at the interest rate that is strictly greater than 
the internal rate of return in this subsection. Actually, this is usually the case in practice, unless there are multiple internal rates of return.
Then, we have the following proposition.

{{anchor|prp:profitability_condition}}
{{colored proposition|
(Necessary and sufficient condition for a project to be profitable)
Assume that the internal rate of return exists and &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; is positive at 
the interest rate that is strictly smaller than the internal rate of return, and negative at the interest rate that is strictly greater than 
the internal rate of return.
A project is profitable if and only if the effective interest rate per measurement period is strictly smaller than internal rate of return.
}}
{{colored proof|
It follows from the assumption that &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; is positive at the interest rate that is strictly smaller than the internal rate of return,
and the fact that a project is profitable if and only if &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; is positive.
}}
{{colored remark|
* An equivalent condition is that the internal rate of return is strictly greater than the interest rate at which the investor may lend 
or borrow money.
:* Indeed, this idea is also mentioned in the explanation of answer in [[#calculator_irr|the exercise about calculating internal rate of return]].
}}

=== Comparison of two investment projects===
[[File:Comparison of two projects by their net present values.svg|thumb|440x440px|Illustration of the comparison between project A and B. When &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is at the orange region but not the red region, 
&lt;math&gt;P_A(i)&lt;P_B(i)&lt;/math&gt; . When &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;  is at the red region but not the orange region, &lt;math&gt;P_B(i)&gt;P_A(i)&lt;/math&gt; . When &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is at the intersection point of red and orange region, &lt;math&gt;P_B(i)=P_A(i)&lt;/math&gt; .|alt=Graph of net present values of project A and B]]
Sometimes, we want to compare two investment projects to decide which one has a higher profitability, 
and then we invest in the project with higher profitability.
Naturally, we may think that the project with higher internal rate of return should always have a higher profitability. 
However, this is ''not'' always the case. 

To decide the profitability of each project, we should compare the profit at time &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt;, 
which is the date at which the ''later'' of the two projects ends, of each project. Equivalently, this is the net present 
value calculated at the rate of interest &lt;math&gt;i_1&lt;/math&gt; at which the investor may lend or borrow money.
If the net present value of project A, &lt;math&gt;P_A(i_1)&lt;/math&gt;, is strictly greater than that of project B, &lt;math&gt;P_B(i_1)&lt;/math&gt;, 
project A is more profitable than project B. 

Because the internal rate of return of project B (&lt;math&gt;i_B&lt;/math&gt;) is strictly higher than project A (&lt;math&gt;i_A&lt;/math&gt;) may 
''not'' imply &lt;math&gt;P_B(i_1)&gt;P_A(i_1)&lt;/math&gt; (whether the inequality holds depends on value of &lt;math&gt;i_1&lt;/math&gt;), 
project with strictly higher internal rate of return does not necessarily have a strictly higher profitability.

{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Project A requires initial investment of 1000, and gives investor double of the amount of initial investment at the end of first year, and project B requires initial investment of 2000, and gives investor double of the amount of initial investment at the end of second year. We can only invest in at most one of the projects.}

{Calculate internal rate of return of project A and B. Correct your answer to two decimal places if the answer is not exact.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
Internal rate of return of project A is { 100 }%.
Internal rate of return of project B is { 41.42 }%.

{Assume the annual interest rate is 10% at which we can lend or borrow money freely.
Based on their profitability, should we invest in project A or B?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- Project A
|| You should calculate the net present value of project A and B at this interest rate.
+ Project B
|| At this interest rate, net present value of project A is &lt;math&gt;-1000+2000(1.1)^{-1}\approx 818.18&lt;/math&gt;, and 
|| net present value of project B is &lt;math&gt;-2000+4000(1.1)^{-2}\approx 1305.79&lt;/math&gt; which is higher than project A.
|| You can observe that project B has a higher profitability than project A even if the internal rate of return of project A is higher than project B.
- Neither of them.
|| You should calculate the net present value of project A and B at this interest rate.

{Someone claims that project A should have a higher profitability because it can give double of the amount of initial investment in a shorter time, and 
then the investor can use the time difference to lend money to earn extra interest.
Do you agree with the claim?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- yes
|| Does amount of initial investment matter?
+ no
|| We need to consider the ''amount'' of initial investment as well.
|| Doubling 1000 and doubling 2000 are different. The latter gives you extra 2000 while the former only gives you extra 1000,
|| and we cannot invest in project A two times simultaneously to double 2000, as suggested in the restriction in the question: we can only invest in at most one of the projects.

{Someone claims that we should invest neither of project A and B if the annual interest rate is strictly higher than both of internal rate of return of project A and B. Do you agree with the claim?
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ yes
|| Both projects are not profitable at such interest rate by [[#prp:profitability_condition|Proposition 5.8]]. 
|| Note: when the annual interest rate equals the maximum of internal rate of return of project A and B, then whether we are indifferent for investing in the project with the internal rate of return that equals the annual interest rate,
|| i.e. there is no effect for investing in that project, because the same interest rate can be earned from lending money to others.
|| Therefore, the (opportunity) cost equals benefit for this decision.
- no
|| See [[#prp:profitability_condition|Proposition 5.8]].
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

=== Different interest rates for lending and borrowing ===
In the [[#Idealized_practical_situation|subsection of idealized practical situation]], we assume that the investor may borrow or lend money 
at the same rate of interest. However, in practice, the investor may need to pay a higher interest rate on borrowing than the rate earned on money invested, 
e.g. interest rate earned in deposit account. (When we deposit money, the money in the account may be used for lending.)

In these circumstances, the concepts of net present value and yield are not meaningful anymore in general. We ''must'' calculate the accumulation 
of net cash flow from ''first principles''. Let's illustrate how the calculation looks like in the following exercise.

{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{A project requires initial investment of 30000, and another investment of 20000 at the end of first year. 
It gives investor 10000 at the end of first year, and 60000 at the end of third year.
We can borrow money only at effective interest rate of 10%, earn interest for money deposited in our deposit account at the effective interest rate of 5%, and we can repay the loan and deposit money 
at any time. We must borrow money for every payment needed. Calculate the maximum possible accumulated value of the net cash flows at the end of tenth year.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- 12700
|| We are finding the accumulated value at the end of year 10, not at the end of the project (i.e. the end of year 3).
- 15531.28
|| You should not just use the 10% interest rate for calculation.
+ 17870.18
|| To obtain the maximum possible accumulated value, we should repay the loan as soon as possible, and deposit the money immediately if we have money remained.
|| Initially, we need to borrow &lt;math&gt;30000&lt;/math&gt;.
|| At the end of year 1, we need to pay interest of &lt;math&gt;30000(10\%)=3000&lt;/math&gt;, we get &lt;math&gt;10000&lt;/math&gt; from the project, 
|| and we need to further borrow &lt;math&gt;20000-10000+3000=13000&lt;/math&gt;.
|| At the end of year 2, we need to pay interest of &lt;math&gt;(30000+13000)(10]\%)=4300&lt;/math&gt; So, we need to further borrow &lt;math&gt;4300&lt;/math&gt;.
|| At the end of year 3, we need to pay interest of &lt;math&gt;(30000+13000+4300)(10\%)=4730&lt;/math&gt;.
|| After receiving &lt;math&gt;60000&lt;/math&gt; from the project, we can repay whole loan (with amount of &lt;math&gt;47300&lt;/math&gt;) immediately.
|| Then, we can deposit the remaining amount (&lt;math&gt;60000-47300=12700&lt;/math&gt;) in our deposit account immediately to start earning interest.
|| At the end of year 10, the accumulated value of the net cash flows equals the accumulated value in the deposit account which is &lt;math&gt;12700(1.05)^{7}\approx 17870.18&lt;/math&gt;.
- 20045.90
|| You should not just use the 5% interest rate for calculation.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

=== Discounted payback period ===
In practice, the net cash flow usually changes sign only once, and this change is from negative to positive. In these circumstances, the balance in 
the investor's account will change from negative to positive at a ''unique'' time &lt;math&gt;t^*&lt;/math&gt;. If the balance will always be negative, 
the project is always not profitable, and thus no such time exists. If such time &lt;math&gt;t^*&lt;/math&gt; exists, 
it is the time at the end of discounted payback period. We define it more formally as follows:
{{anchor|def:discounted_payback_period}}
{{colored definition|
(Discounted payback period)
Discounted payback period is the ''smallest'' positive integer &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; in the unit of time such that
:&lt;math&gt;A(t)=\sum_{s\le t}C_s(1+i)^{t-s}\ge 0&lt;/math&gt;
in which &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is the effective rate of interest at which the net cash flows accumulate.
}}
{{colored remark|
Assume that a project ends at time &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt;. If &lt;math&gt;A(T)&lt;0&lt;/math&gt;, the project has no discounted 
payback period and is not profitable. This is because the balance in the investor's account will only change from negative 
to positive at a unique time. If the balance is still negative at the end of the project, it shows that the balance 
is negative throughout the project, i.e. the net present value is negative.
}}
{{anchor|exm:discounted_payback_period}}
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{A project requires an initial investment of 50000, and pays 6000 to each of its investor at the end of each year starting from the end of year 3. 
Calculate the discounted payback period if the effective annual interest rate is 10%.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 21 } years
|| Because 
|| &lt;math&gt;\begin{align}-50000(1.1)^t+6000s_{\overline {t-2}|0.1}(1.1)^2&amp;\ge 0\\ \iff -50000(1.1)^t+6000(1.1)^2\left(\frac{1.1^{t-2}-1}{0.1}\right)&amp;\ge 0\\ \iff (-50000+60000)1.1^t&amp;\ge 72600\\ \iff 1.1^t&amp;\ge 7.26\\ \iff t&amp;\ge\frac{\ln 7.26}{\ln 1.1}\approx 20.80,\end{align}&lt;/math&gt;
|| the discounted payback period is 21 years.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

In particular, we may need to calculate discounted payback period for project in which we borrow money to invest, when given the effective interest rate of borrowing 
money, say &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt;, which may not be the same as the effective interest rate of depositing money, say &lt;math&gt;j_2&lt;/math&gt;
as suggested in the [[#Different_interest_rates_for_lending_and_borrowing|subsection of different interest rates for lending and borrowing]]. 
However, &lt;math&gt;j_2&lt;/math&gt;is not involved in and does not affect our calculation.

Naturally, we may think that we can just replace every &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; by &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt; in 
[[#def:discounted_payback_period|the definition of discounted payback period]] and use it to calculate the discounted payback period.
However, there is a problem. Although we can borrow money for cash outflow, so it makes sense to accumulate that amount of money 
,which is negative for net cash flow, at &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt;, we cannot 'borrow money for cash inflow'.

Instead, we can only use the cash inflow to repay loan, i.e. reduce the amount we borrow. 
In view of this, we need to have an assumption, namely assuming that repayment can be made at arbitrary time. 
(The longer the time the payment is borrowed, the higher the amount of interest accumulated. Therefore, to minimize 
the interest payment and thus minimize the time needed for the accumulated value of the net cash flow to be nonnegative, 
we should repay the loan as soon as possible, when we receive some cash inflow.)

Then, we can also accumulate the cash inflow, or positive net cash flow, 
at &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt;, because they can be treated as the ''reduction'' of accumulated value of loan at effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt; 
(the accumulated value includes both the amount of loan that is not repaid, and the interest accumulated). 
To be more precise, for each positive net cash flow &lt;math&gt;C_s&lt;/math&gt;, it is used to repay the loan at time &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt; and then the loan repaid 
will stop accumulating interest after time &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;. Therefore, it reduces the loan by &lt;math&gt;C_s&lt;/math&gt; at time &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;, 
and also reduces the ''future'' interest that will be kept accumulating if the loan is ''not'' repaid until the time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;, to zero, 
i.e. reduces by &lt;math&gt;C_s\left((1+j_1)^{t-s}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;. 
Therefore, the total amount of reduction of loan and interest is 
:&lt;math&gt;\underbrace{C_s}_{\text{loan}}+\underbrace{C_s\left((1+j_1)^{t-s}-1\right)}_{\text{interest}}=\underbrace{C_s(1+j_1)^{t-s}}_{\text{total}}.&lt;/math&gt;
Then, at a certain cash inflow, its amount is sufficient for the loan to be completely repaid 
(the interest is also paid in the progress of repaying the loan using cash inflow), and then at that time point, the accumulated value 
of sum of each net cash flow will be greater than or equal to zero. Therefore, that cash flow is the last repayment of loan, and 
the time at which that cash flow is made is time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; (so the future interest equals zero, because there is no time for accumulating).

As a result, we can replace every &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math&gt;j_1&lt;/math&gt; in [[#def:discounted_payback_period|the definition of discounted payback period]], 
''with the assumption that repayment can be made at arbitrary time''.

If the project is profitable, the accumulated profit when the project ends at time &lt;math&gt;T&lt;/math&gt; is
:&lt;math&gt;\underbrace{A(t^*)}_{\text{balance at }t^*}\overbrace{(1+j_2)^{T-t^*}}^{\text{ depositing }A(t^*)}+\underbrace{\sum_{t&gt;t^*}C_t(1+j_2)^{T-t}}_{\text{net cash flows after discounted payback period}}.&lt;/math&gt;
in which &lt;math&gt;t^*&lt;/math&gt; is the time at the end of discounted payback period.

If the project is not profitable, then the accumulated profit is negative (i.e. we have loss) or zero (then we are indifferent in investing in the project), 
and we cannot use the above formula.

{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Continue from [[#exr:discounted_payback_period|previous exercise]]. Assume that repayment can be made at arbitrary time. 
The effective annual interest rate for borrowing is 10% and that for depositing money is 6%.}

{Calculate the discounted payback period.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 252 } months
|| The discounted payback period is the same as the situation where the net cash flows accumulate at 10% effective annual interest rate, 
|| in [[#exr:discounted_payback_period|previous exercise]], because we can replace this interest rate with the effective annual interest rate for borrowing, which is 10%.
|| Then, we multiply 21 by 12 to get number of ''months''.

{Suppose the project ends at the end of year 20. Calculate the accumulated profit at the end of the project. Correct your answer to two decimal places. 
Type n/a if the accumulated profit is negative.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ n/a }
|| The discounted payback period is 21 years. Therefore, the accumulated value at the end of the project (at the end of year 10) is negative.

{Suppose the project ends at the end of year 21. Calculate the accumulated profit at the end of the project. Correct your answer to two decimal places. 
Type n/a if the accumulated profit is negative.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 1402.50 }
|| Because the discounted payback period is 21 years, the accumulated value at year 21 is nonegative.
|| The accumulated profit (which equals the accumulated value) is &lt;math&gt;-50000(1.1)^{21}+6000(1.1)^2s_{\overline {19}|0.1}\approx 1402.50&lt;/math&gt;.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}

=== Reinvestment rates ===
In the [[#Idealized_practical_situation|section of idealized practical situation]], we examine what happens if we connect the 
cash inflow to another project. The main idea in this subsection is similar to that case, and can be interpreted as the generalized version 
of this case, because we discuss some more ways of reinvestment in this subsection, not limited to connect to another project.

Suppose we invest 1 in a project, and the project pays interest at the effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; 
at the end of each period for &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; periods, and the interest received is reinvested at effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;j&lt;/math&gt;. 
Then, accumulated value at the end of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; periods is
:&lt;math&gt;\underbrace{1}_{\text{principal}}+\underbrace{is_{\overline n|j}}_{\text{accumulated value of interest}}.&lt;/math&gt;
In particular, it equals &lt;math&gt;(1+i)^n&lt;/math&gt; if &lt;math&gt;i=j&lt;/math&gt;, which is the same as the case in compound interest because 
this is equivalent to the definition of compound interest: interest earned is automatically reinvested back to the project 
at the same rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;.

&lt;pre&gt;
                            -|
    -----------------------&gt; |
    |   -------------------&gt; | rate j
    |   |              ----&gt; |
    |   |              |    -|
    |   |              |   
1   i   i              i   i
↓   ↑   ↑    ...       ↑   ↑
|---|---|--------------|---|--- 
0   1   2    ...      n-1  n
&lt;/pre&gt;

Suppose we invest 1 at the end of each period for &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; periods at the effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;, 
and the interest is reinvested at the effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;j&lt;/math&gt;. Then, the accumulated value at the end of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;
periods is
:&lt;math&gt;n+i(Is)_{\overline {n-1}|j}=n+i\left(\frac{\ddot s_{\overline {n-1}|j}-(n-1)}{j}\right)=n+i\left(\frac{s_{\overline n|}-n}{j}\right).&lt;/math&gt;
In particular, it equals &lt;math&gt;s_{\overline n|i}&lt;/math&gt; if &lt;math&gt;i=j&lt;/math&gt;.
&lt;pre&gt;
    1   2   3   ...    n-1  n   total investment

    1   1   1   ...     1   1
    ↓   ↓   ↓   ...     ↓   ↓   
|---|---|---|-----------|---|--- 
0   1   2   3   ...    n-1  n
        ↓   ↓           ↓   ↓
        i  2i  ...  (n-2)i (n-1)i
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Suppose we invest &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt; at the end of each quarter for &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; years 
at the semiannual effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;10\%&lt;/math&gt;, and the interest is reinvested at the annual effective interest rate of &lt;math&gt;10\%&lt;/math&gt;.
Choose the correct expression for the accumulated value at the end of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; years.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;ks_{\overline n|0.1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| The two interest rates are compounded at different frequenecy.
- &lt;math&gt;kn+(1.1^{1/2}-1)k(Is)_{\overline {n-1}|1.1^{1/4}-1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is in year.
- &lt;math&gt;kn+(1.1^{1/4}-1)k(Is)_{\overline {n-1}|1.1^{1/2}-1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is in year. Also, which of the two interest rate is reinvestment rate? Which of them is the rate for interest received from investment?
+ &lt;math&gt;4kn+4(1.1^{1/2}-1)k(Is)_{\overline {4n-1}|1.1^{1/4}-1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| First, &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; years is equivalent to &lt;math&gt;4n&lt;/math&gt; quarters.
|| Then, we convert the semiannual and annual effective interest rate to the corresponding equivalent effective interest rate per quarter, as follows:
|| Semiannual rate to per quarter rate: &lt;math&gt;1.1^{1/2}-1&lt;/math&gt;. This is the rate for the interest received from investment.
|| Annual rate to per quarter rate: &lt;math&gt;1.1^{1/4}-1&lt;/math&gt;. This is the reinvestment rate.
- &lt;math&gt;4kn+4(1.1^{1/4}-1)k(Is)_{\overline {4n-1}|1.1^{1/2}-1}&lt;/math&gt;
|| Which of the two interest rate is reinvestment rate? Which of them is the rate for interest received from investment?
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}
=== Interest measurement of a fund ===
To calculate the yield rate earned by an investment fund, we can use its earned effective interest rate. 
Recall that the definition of effective interest rate assumes that principal remains constant throughout the period, all interest earned 
throughout the period is paid at the end of the period. These assumption are usually not satisfied in practice, 
because there are usually irregular principal deposits and withdrawals (they are net cash flows), 
and irregular interest earning (possibly at different effective rate for each interval) throughout the period.
(There may also be some time periods at which no interest is earned, i.e. the effective rate is zero.)
To illustrate this, consider the following figure.

&lt;pre&gt;
↓ ↑ ↑↑   ↓   ↓  ...  ↓↑   ↑    irregular principal deposits and withdrawals
|---|---|---|---------|---|---
0   1   2   3   ...  n-1  n
 |--------| |----|    |---|      irregular interest earning
 rate i_1  rate i_2 ... rate i_k
&lt;/pre&gt;

There are two ways to calculate a ''reasonable'' effective interest rate for such complicated situation, namely 
dollar-weighted rate of return (or interest) and time-weighted rate of return (or interest). 
These two ways can simplify the calculations involved.

==== Dollar-weighted rate of return ====
The aim is finding the effective interest rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; earned by a fund over one measurement period. For simplicity, let us use the following notations:
* &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt; is the amount in fund at the start of the period
* &lt;math&gt;B&lt;/math&gt; is the amount in fund at the end of the period
* &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt; is the amount of interest earned during the period
* &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt; is the net amount of principal contributed at time &lt;math&gt;t\in[0,1]&lt;/math&gt;. This value can be positive, negative or zero. (This is net cash flow)
* &lt;math&gt;C&lt;/math&gt; is the total net amount of principal contributed during the period, i.e. &lt;math&gt;\sum_{t}C_t&lt;/math&gt;.
* &lt;math&gt;_{a}i_b&lt;/math&gt; is the amount of interest earned by 1 invested at time &lt;math&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; over the following period of length &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. to time &lt;math&gt;a+b&lt;/math&gt;, in which &lt;math&gt;a,b&lt;/math&gt; are positive real numbers such that &lt;math&gt;a+b\le 1&lt;/math&gt; (because we are considering ''one'' measurement period).
&lt;pre&gt;
     rate _{a}i_b 
     |---------|

-----|---------|-----
     b        a+b
&lt;/pre&gt;
Then, by definitions,
:&lt;math&gt;\underbrace{B}_{\text{end}}=\underbrace{A}_{\text{start}}+\underbrace{C}_{\text{contribution}}+\underbrace{I}_{\text{interest}},&lt;/math&gt;
and if we assume that all the interest earned, &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt;, is received at the end of the period to be consistent to the definition of effective interest rate,
the exact equation of &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt; is
:&lt;math&gt;I=\underbrace{i}_{_{1}i_0}A+\sum_{t} {C_{t}} (_{1-t}i_t).&lt;/math&gt;

To solve for &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; in the above equation, the term for which we need to calculate in a more complicated way is &lt;math&gt;_{1-t}i_t&lt;/math&gt;. 
Without any assumption, it is very hard or even impossible to calculate it directly. Therefore, we need to have an assumption to simplify the calculation 
and approximate its value.

If we {{colored em|assume}} compound interest throughout every period from time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt; (each period corresponds to one net cash flow.), 
:&lt;math&gt;_{1-t}i_t=(1+i)^{1-t}-1&lt;/math&gt;
because the length of time involved is &lt;math&gt;1-t&lt;/math&gt;.
If we put this into the exact equation of &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt;, the equation can be solved by ''iteration'' using computer or financial calculator.
This is not the main focus in this subsection. Instead, the following is the main focus.

If we want to simplify our calculation, we can {{colored em|assume}} simple interest throughout every period from time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;, 
(each period corresponds to one net cash flow.) then 
:&lt;math&gt;_{1-t}i_t=\underbrace{(1-t)}_{\text{time length}}i.&lt;/math&gt;
Putting it into the exact equation of &lt;math&gt;I&lt;/math&gt;, we can solve for &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; and
:&lt;math&gt;I=iA+\sum_{t} C_{t}(1-t)i\iff i=\frac{I}{A+\sum_{t}C_t(1-t)}&lt;/math&gt;.
This is referred as the dollar-weighted rate of return (or interest). Let's define it formally as follows:
{{colored definition|
(Dollar-weighted rate of return)
Dollar-weighted rate of return is the simple interest rate approximation to the yield rate
&lt;ref&gt;https://www.soa.org/globalassets/assets/Files/Edu/2019/exam-fm-notation-terminology2.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; (or the effective interest rate), 
and is given by
:&lt;math&gt;i^{DW}=\frac{I}{A+\sum_{t}C_t(1-t)}.&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored remark|
* This approximation is close to the exact effective interest rate if &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt;'s are small compared to &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt;.
:* This is because when &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt;'s are small, then &lt;math&gt;\sum_{t}^{}C_t(1-t)\approx 0&lt;/math&gt;, and thus &lt;math&gt;i^{DW}\approx\frac{I}{A}&lt;/math&gt;. 
:* On the other hand, the effective interest rate &lt;math&gt;i=\frac{I}{A}&lt;/math&gt; by definition. So, &lt;math&gt;i^{DW}\approx i&lt;/math&gt;. 
* It is dollar-weighted in the sense that the terms involved are mostly related to dollar (&lt;math&gt;A,C_t,I&lt;/math&gt;)
}}
Because the calculation of the numerator term can be tedious, we may further assume that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;, then we have
:&lt;math&gt;i^{DW}=\frac{I}{A+\sum_t C_t(1-0.5)}=\frac{I}{A+0.5C}=\frac{I}{A+0.5(B-A-I)}=\frac{2I}{A+B-I}&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
   A                       B = A+C+I
---|-----------|-----------|---
   0          0.5          1
               +C
&lt;/pre&gt;
Apart from the advantage of simpler calculation, another advantage is that we can calculate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; using &lt;math&gt;A,B,I&lt;/math&gt; only, 
and we do not need to know the values of &lt;math&gt;C_t&lt;/math&gt;'s.
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Consider a fund with amount of 20000 at the beginning of year 1.
During year 1, interest of 1000 is earned for the fund, and there are net cash flows of 2000, 3000, 4000 
at the time &lt;math&gt;t=0.2,0.3,0.4&lt;/math&gt; respectively for the fund.}

{Calculate dollar-weighted rate of return assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- 3.33%
|| We should not calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/30000&lt;/math&gt;.
- 3.83%
|| We are assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;.
- 4%
|| We should not calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/25000&lt;/math&gt;.
+ 4.08%
|| The amount at the end of year 1 is &lt;math&gt;20000+1000+2000+3000+4000=30000&lt;/math&gt;.
|| Therefore, &lt;math&gt;i=\frac{2(1000)}{20000+30000-1000}\approx 4.08\%&lt;/math&gt;
- 5%
|| We are calculating dollar-weighted rate of return. We cannot just calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/20000&lt;/math&gt; because of the cash flows. 
|| This answer is correct if there are no cash flows.

{Calculate dollar-weighted rate of return without assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- 3.33%
|| We should not calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/30000&lt;/math&gt;.
- 3.83%
|| The amount at the end of year 1 is &lt;math&gt;20000+1000+2000+3000+4000=30000&lt;/math&gt;.
|| Therefore, &lt;math&gt;i=\frac{1000}{20000+2000(1-0.2)+3000(1-0.3)+4000(1-0.4)}&lt;/math&gt;
- 4%
|| We should not calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/25000&lt;/math&gt;.
+ 4.08%
|| We are ''not'' assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=0.5&lt;/math&gt;.
- 5%
|| We are calculating dollar-weighted rate of return. We cannot just calculate it by &lt;math&gt;1000/20000&lt;/math&gt; because of the cash flows. 
|| This answer is correct if there are no cash flows.

{&amp;nbsp;
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
The dollar-weighted rate of return assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=&lt;/math&gt;{ 0.32 } equals 
the dollar-weighted rate of return without assuming when the net principal contribution occurs. (Correct your answer to two decimal places.)
|| The time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; satisfies &lt;math&gt;\frac{1000}{20000+2000(1-0.2)+3000(1-0.3)+4000(1-0.4)}=\frac{1000}{20000+(1-t)(2000+3000+4000)}\if 2000(0.8)+3000(0.7)+4000(0.6)=9000(1-t)\iff t\approx 0.32&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}
{{colored exercise|
Prove that the dollar-weighted rate of return assuming that every net principal contribution occurs at time &lt;math&gt;t=k\in[0,1]&lt;/math&gt; is
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{I}{kA+(1-k)B-(1-k)I}.&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{hide|Proof|
The dollar-weighted rate of return with such assumption is
:&lt;math&gt;i^{DW}=\frac{I}{A+\sum_t C_t(1-k)}=\frac{I}{A+(1-k)C}=\frac{I}{A+(1-k)(B-A-I)}=\frac{I}{A+(1-k)B-(1-k)A+(1-k)I}=\frac{I}{kA+(1-k)B+(1-k)I}.&lt;/math&gt;{{QED}}
}}

==== Time-weighted rate of return ====
For dollar-weighted rate of return, it is sensitive to the amount of money invested during different subperiods.
To see this, consider the following situations for a fund.

Situation 1:
&lt;pre&gt;
        +50            contribution
   100   50    200     balance
----|-----|-----|----
    0    0.5    1
     \   / \   /
      \ /   \ /
     -50%  +100%      effective interest rate
&lt;/pre&gt;
Dollar-weighted rate of return for the entire period is
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{\overbrace{200}^B-\overbrace{50}^C-\overbrace{100}^A}{\underbrace{100}_A+\underbrace{50}_{C_{0.5}}(1-\underbrace{0.5}_t)}=40\%.&lt;/math&gt;
Situation 2:
&lt;pre&gt;
   100   50    100      balance
----|-----|-----|----
    0    0.5    1
     \   / \   /
      \ /   \ /
     -50%  +100%      effective interest rate
&lt;/pre&gt;
Dollar-weighted rate of return for the entire period is &lt;math&gt;0\%&lt;/math&gt; because &lt;math&gt;I=\underbrace{100}_B-\underbrace{100}_A-\underbrace{0}_C=0&lt;/math&gt;. 

Situation 3:
&lt;pre&gt;
        -25            contribution
   100   50    50      balance
----|-----|-----|----
    0    0.5    1
     \   / \   /
      \ /   \ /
     -50%  +100%      effective interest rate
&lt;/pre&gt;
Dollar-weighted rate of return for the entire period is
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{\overbrace{50}^B-(\overbrace{-25}^C)-\overbrace{100}^A}{\underbrace{100}_A\underbrace{-25}_{C_{0.5}}(1-\underbrace{0.5}_t)}\approx -28.57\%.&lt;/math&gt;

The dollar weighted rate of return for each of the situation is very different. 
However, the effective interest rate of the fund at each subperiod is the same in every situation,
and the effective interest rate for the entire period is &lt;math&gt;(1-50\%)(1+100\%)-1=0\%&lt;/math&gt; which measures 
the 'performance' of the fund.  
In two of the situations, the dollar-weighted rate of return differ from &lt;math&gt;0\%&lt;/math&gt; a lot. Therefore, 
this is inaccurate to measure the performance of the fund.
A more accurate way is using the ''time-weighted rate of return'' which is not affected by the amount of 
contribution and balance.

{{colored definition|
(Time-weighted rate of return)
Consider the following diagram.
&lt;pre&gt;
            C_{t_1} C_{t_2}   C_{t_3}  ... C_{t_{m-1}}  Net contribution to the fund
----|----------|-----|---------|---------------|-----|
  t_0=0       t_1   t_2       t_3    ...     t_{m-1} t_m=1
  B'_0       B'_1   B'_2      B'_3    ...    B'_{m-1} B'_m    Fund value 
     \       / \   /  \       /                 \   /
      \    /    \ /    \    /                    \ /
       \ /      j_2     \  /          ...        j_m       Yield rate
       j_1               j_3
&lt;/pre&gt;
in which 
* &lt;math&gt;C_{t_n}&lt;/math&gt; is the net contribution to the fund at time &lt;math&gt;t_n\in [0,1]&lt;/math&gt;
* &lt;math&gt;C_{t_0}=C_{t_m}=0&lt;/math&gt; because there is no net contribution at time &lt;math&gt;t_0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;t_m&lt;/math&gt;.
* &lt;math&gt;B'_n&lt;/math&gt; is the fund value just before the &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;th contribution, and &lt;math&gt;n\in[1,m-1]&lt;/math&gt; because there are only &lt;math&gt;m-1&lt;/math&gt; net contributions. For &lt;math&gt;B'_0,B'_m&lt;/math&gt;, they are defined as follows to make the following formula of time-weighted rate of return valid for each &lt;math&gt;k\in 1,2,\ldots,m&lt;/math&gt;
* &lt;math&gt;B'_0&lt;/math&gt; is the fund value at the beginning of the period.
* &lt;math&gt;B'_m&lt;/math&gt; is the fund value at the end of the period.
* &lt;math&gt;j_n&lt;/math&gt; is the time-weighted rate of return over the &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;th subinterval.
Assume that there are &lt;math&gt;m-1&lt;/math&gt; net contributions to the fund in total, and they do not occur exactly at the beginning or the end of the period.
Then there are &lt;math&gt;m&lt;/math&gt; subinterval corresponding to the &lt;math&gt;m-1&lt;/math&gt; net contributions, as shown in the above diagram.
The time-weighted rate of return over the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;th subinterval (i.e. from time &lt;math&gt;t_{k-1}&lt;/math&gt; to time &lt;math&gt;t_k&lt;/math&gt;), is defined by
:&lt;math&gt;1+j_k=\frac{\overbrace{B'_k}^{\text{Balance just before }k\text{th contribution}}}{\underbrace{B'_{k-1}+C_{t_{k-1}}}_{\text{Balance at time }t_{k-1}}},&lt;/math&gt;
and the yield rate over the whole period (&lt;math&gt;i^{TW}&lt;/math&gt;) by time-weighted rate of return is defined by
:&lt;math&gt;1+i^{TW}=(1+j_1)(1+j_2)\cdots(1+j_m).&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored remark|
* This rate is not consistent with the assumption of compound interest, because the amount of principal changes throughout the period.
* It is time-weighted in the sense that the yield rate by time-weighted rate of return is affected by the time points at which the net contributions are made.
* Time-weighted rate of return over the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;th subinterval is the effective interest rate over the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;th subinterval, because the balance at time &lt;math&gt;t_{k-1}&lt;/math&gt; accumulates at the effective interest rate to the balance just before the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;th net contribution, and there are no net contributions during the accumulation process.
* The yield rate over the whole period is the effective interest rate over the whole period.
}}
It can be observed that the time-weighted rate of return for each of three previous situation is 
:&lt;math&gt;(1-50\%)(1+100\%)-1=0\%&lt;/math&gt;
which is not affected by the balance and contribution. Therefore, it is more accurate than dollar-weighted rate of return in this situation. 
Although it is more accurate, it requires more information than dollar-weighted rate of return, because we need the information about contributions 
at different time points and the corresponding balance at each time point to calculate the overall yield rate. 
On the other hand, only information about the balance at the beginning and the end, 
and the contributions are needed for dollar-weighted rate of return for dollar-weighted rate of return
Therefore, it is sometimes impossible to calculate the overall yield rate using time-weighted 
rate of return, but possible when we use the dollar-weighted rate of return                   
{{colored exercise|&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Consider a fund with amount 10000 at the beginning of a year, 15000 at the end of first quarter of the year, 17000 at July 31 of the year, and 22000 at the end of the year. At the end the first quarter, an extra 3000 is deposited in the fund, and at July 31 of the year, 1000 is withdrawn from the fund.}

{Calculate the yield rate over the year using dollar-weighted rate of return over the year. Type n/a if it is impossible. Correct your answer to two decimal places.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 84.51 }%
|| The yield rate is &lt;math&gt;\frac{22000-10000-(3000-1000)}{10000+3000(1-0.25)-1000(1-7/12)}\approx 84.51\%&lt;/math&gt;.

{Calculate the yield rate over the year using time-weighted rate of return. Type n/a if it is impossible. Correct your answer to two decimal places.
|type=&quot;{}&quot;}
{ 94.79 }%
|| The yield rate is &lt;math&gt;\frac{15000}{10000}\cdot\frac{17000}{15000+3000}\cdot\frac{22000}{17000-1000}-1\approx 94.79\%&lt;/math&gt;
|| If the balance at the first quarter or July 31 of the year is not given, it is impossible to calculate the yield rate.
&lt;/quiz&gt;}}
==Stocks==
We will discuss two types of stock: {{colored em|preferred stock}} (or preference share) and {{colored em|common stock}} (or ordinary share) in this section.

In general, {{colored em|preferred}} stock is a {{colored em|fixed-income}} security which provides {{colored em|fixed}} dividends periodically. However, it differs from bond, 
which also gives fixed income, since preferred stock is an {{colored em|ownership security}} instead of a debt security (bond is a debt security), 
and also preferred stock ranks {{colored em|behind}} bonds and other debt instructments in terms of the degree of security.
This is because all payments on indebtedness must be made {{colored em|before}} preferred stock receives a dividend.

{{colored proposition|
(Price of preferred stock without maturity date)
The price of preferred stock without maturity date, with amount of each periodic dividend equal &lt;math&gt;D&lt;/math&gt; is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P=\frac{D}{i}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored proof|
To set a 'fair' price for the stock that reflects its value, the price is set to be the present value of all periodic future dividends, which last forever, i.e.
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P=Da_{\overline\infty|i}=\frac{D}{i}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored em|Common}} stock is also a type of ownership security. However, it does not earn a {{colored em|fixed}} dividend rate.
Instead, common stock dividends are paid only {{colored em|after}} interest payments on all bonds and other debt 
and dividends on preferred stock are paid.
Thus, common stock has an even lower degree of security than preferred stock.
Also, the common stock price is usually quite volatile.

We can compute the {{colored em|theoretical}} price (which is generally not the price in reality) 
of common stock based on the {{colored em|dividend discount model}}, i.e. 
the price should represent the present value of future dividends, similar to that of preferred stock.

{{colored proposition|
(Price of common stock with dividends varying in geometric sequence)
Let &lt;math&gt;D&lt;/math&gt; be the common stock dividend at the end of current period. 
Suppose the dividends are expected to change in a geometric sequence with common ratio &lt;math&gt;1+k&lt;/math&gt; indefinitely, in which &lt;math&gt;-1&lt;k&lt;i&lt;/math&gt;. 
Then, the {{colored em|theoretical}} price is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\frac{D}{i-k}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored proof|
The theoretical price is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
Dv+\underbrace{D(1+k)v^2}_{Dv[v(1+k)]}+\cdots
=\frac{Dv}{1-v(1+k)}
=\frac{Dv(1+i)}{1+i-v(1+i)(1+k)}
=\frac{D}{i-k}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
Illustration of the dividends paid:
&lt;pre&gt;
       D  D(1+k)  ...
---|---|---|------------
   0   1   2      ...
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{colored example|
Suppose a common stock pay annual dividends with amount &lt;math&gt;10&lt;/math&gt; at the end of each year forever.
The common stock dividend is expected to increase by &lt;math&gt;5\%&lt;/math&gt; per year.

An investor purchases this common stock at the price of &lt;math&gt;200&lt;/math&gt;. Compute the yield rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;. 

{{colored em|Solution:}} 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
200=10v+10(1.05)v^2+\cdots
\Rightarrow 
200=\frac{10v}{1-1.05v}
\Rightarrow 
200-210v=10v
\Rightarrow v\approx 0.90909
\Rightarrow i=0.1
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Suppose there is now more pessimistic view on the common stock, and thus the common stock dividend is now expected to increase by &lt;math&gt;3\%&lt;/math&gt; per year only. Then, the yield rate
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- increases.
+ decreases.
|| we have &lt;math&gt;200=\frac{10v}{1-1.03v}\Rightarrow i=0.08&lt;/math&gt;
- remains unchanged.
- has uncertain change.

{Suppose the common stock now pays annual dividends with amount &lt;math&gt;5&lt;/math&gt; at the end of each year forever instead. The dividend is expected to increase by &lt;math&gt;x\%&lt;/math&gt; such that the yield rate remains unchanged. Then, &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; is
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 5&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;6&lt;/math&gt;.
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 6&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;7&lt;/math&gt;.
+ &lt;math&gt;\ge 7&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;8&lt;/math&gt;.
|| &lt;math&gt;\frac{5(1.1)^{-1}}{1-(1+x/100)(1.1)^{-1}}=200\Rightarrow 1+x/100=1.075\Rightarrow x=7.5&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 8&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;9&lt;/math&gt;.
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 9&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;10&lt;/math&gt;.
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}
{{hide|Optional topic: short sales|
Some investors in securities use {{colored em|short sales}} (or short transactions) when they think that the {{colored em|price}} 
of a security is likely to {{colored em|decline}}.
When there is a short sale, {{colored em|sale}} occurs {{colored em|first}} and the {{colored em|purchase}} occurs later (ideally at a price that is lower than selling price).

Because of this terminology, we say the normal transaction (purchase occurs first, then sale occurs later), as {{colored em|long transactions}}. 

Typically, with a short sale, the investor {{colored em|borrows}} (not purchases) the security from a 2nd party, and sells it in the market 
to a 3rd party.
Later, the investor {{colored em|buys}} back the security from the market (ideally at a lower price than selling price), to return the security to the 2nd party.
The process of buying back the security is called 'covering the short'.

Practically, when the {{colored em|sale}} is made, the short seller need to make a deposit of a percentage of the price, 
and the percentage is called {{colored em|margin}} and {{colored em|cannot be recovered}} by the short seller, until the short position is covered (i.e. 'covering the short' is done). Short seller will be credited interest on the {{colored em|margin}} deposit. 

Also, if the security pays dividends, then the short seller need to pay these to the purchaser of the security, {{colored em|without receiving them from the seller of security, e.g. company}}. That is, the short seller plays the role of the company selling the security temporarily, and need to pay the dividend to the 3rd party. 

{{colored example|
An investor sold a stock short for &lt;math&gt;10000&lt;/math&gt; and bought back for &lt;math&gt;9500&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 1st year.
The stock paid &lt;math&gt;700&lt;/math&gt; in dividend during the year.
Given that the margin requirement is &lt;math&gt;30\%&lt;/math&gt;, and the interest rate on the margin is &lt;math&gt;10\%&lt;/math&gt;. 
Compute the yield rate ofthe investor (which is &lt;math&gt;\frac{\text{net profit}}{\text{margin deposit}}&lt;/math&gt;, since the margin deposit can be viewed as the amount of investment, and the yield rate is the rate of return on the investment).

{{colored em|Solution:}} 
* gain on short sale is &lt;math&gt;10000-9500=500&lt;/math&gt; 
* interest on margin is &lt;math&gt;0.1(10000(0.3))=300&lt;/math&gt; 
* dividend on stock is &lt;math&gt;700&lt;/math&gt; 
So, the net profit is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
500+300-700=100.
&lt;/math&gt;
The yield rate is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\frac{100}{10000(0.3)}\approx 0.033333.
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Suppose the stock paid &lt;math&gt;D&lt;/math&gt; in dividend instead during the year, such that the yield rate is zero. Compute &lt;math&gt;D&lt;/math&gt;.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;500&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;600&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;700&lt;/math&gt;. 
+ &lt;math&gt;800&lt;/math&gt;. 
|| for the yield rate to be zero, net profit needs to be zero, i.e. &lt;math&gt;500+300-D=0\Rightarrow D=800&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;900&lt;/math&gt;. 

{Suppose the investor had a wrong prediction on the price of the stock, and the stock price actually increased to &lt;math&gt;10500&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 1st {{colored em|month}} (or at the end of &lt;math&gt;1/12&lt;/math&gt;th of 1st year) after the investor sold the stock short. So, the investor bought back the stock for &lt;math&gt;10500&lt;/math&gt; to avoid further losses from the short sale. Holding other conditions constant, the yield rate of the investor is
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ &lt;math&gt;\ge -0.4&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;-0.3&lt;/math&gt;. 
|| the yield rate is &lt;math&gt;(-500+(0.1/12)(10000)(0.3)-700)/(10000(0.3))\approx -0.391667&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge -0.3&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;-0.2&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge -0.2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;-0.1&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge -0.1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;0&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;\ge 0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;&lt;0.1&lt;/math&gt;. 
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}
}}
==Term structure of interest rate==
The effective interest rates vary according to the term of investment, which is shown by {{colored em|yield curve}}. 
{{colored definition|
(Yield curve)
{{colored em|Yield curve}} is a curve showing the relationship between the effective interest rate and term of investment. 
}}
{{colored remark|
* Typically, the effective interest rate {{colored em|increases}} when the term is longer.
* A yield curve is {{colored em|normal}} or {{colored em|upward-sloping}} if the interest rate increases with term.
* A yield curve is {{colored em|inverted}} or {{colored em|downward-sloping}} if the interest rate decreases with term.
* A yield curve is {{colored em|bowed}} &lt;ref&gt;Graphically, the yield curve looks like a bow in this situation)&lt;/ref&gt; if the interest rate increases and then decreases, or decreases and then increases with term&lt;/ref&gt;.
* A yield curve is {{colored em|flat}} &lt;ref&gt;Graphically, the yield curve is a flat line in this situation.&lt;/ref&gt; if the interest rate is the same for each term.
}}
There are some theories explaining the change of effective interest rate when the term changes in length, which are explained in the [[../Determinants of Interest Rates]] chapter.
===Spot rates===
When we are computing yield rate of arbitrary {{colored em|group}} of fixed interest securities at arbitrary given date, 
the interest rates vary according to the {{colored em|term}} of the investment, 
as shown in the previous subsection.
So, we need to take this variation into consideration.

If there are factors other than term that vary, e.g. frequency of coupon payments, then it makes the comparison between different groups of the securities complicated.
So, to avoid complications, we compare short-term and long-term interest rates with reference to zero-coupon bonds,
by considering each security as a {{colored em|combination}} of (notional) {{colored em|zero-coupon bond(s)}}, 
if we assume that there is no {{colored em|arbitrage}} (i.e. risk-free trading profit) (this is called {{colored em|no-arbitrage assumption}}).

After assuming there is no {{colored em|arbitrage}}, it is impossible for the fixed-interest security and 
the combination of zero-coupon bonds that replicates the security to have two different prices (this is called the {{colored em|law of one price}}), 
otherwise, investor may be able to gain a risk-free trading profit using the price difference.
We will not discuss the strategy to obtain arbitrage in this book.
However, such arbitrage opportunity is rare in modern financial market, and also, even if it exists, it will be quickly eliminated after being spotted by some investors, and exploited by them.

Actually, the {{colored em|spot rate of interest}} is quite related to the zero-coupon bond.
{{colored definition|
(Spot rate of interest)
The {{colored em|n-year spot rate of interest}} is the annual yield rate of zero-coupon bonds of term &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;, denoted by &lt;math&gt;i_n&lt;/math&gt;. 
}}
{{colored remark|
* since interest rate varies according to the term of investment, &lt;math&gt;i_n&lt;/math&gt; has different values for different value of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; generally.
* the {{colored em|term structure of interest rates}} means the {{colored em|spot rate vector}} &lt;math&gt;(i_1,i_2,\ldots,i_n)&lt;/math&gt; (the numbers inside are spot rates) 
* &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; is often positive integer, with year as unit, but in some rare cases, it may be positive decimal number, with different unit
}}
{{colored example|
(Considering a fixed-interest bond as a combination of zero-coupon bonds)
Consider a 10-year bond that pays coupons with amount &lt;math&gt;20&lt;/math&gt; at the end of each year and has the redemption value of &lt;math&gt;500&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 10th year.  
Given that the &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;-year spot rate is &lt;math&gt;0.01k&lt;/math&gt;, compute &lt;math&gt;P&lt;/math&gt;.  

Then, we can consider this bond as a combination of zero coupon bonds as follows:
* for the ten annual coupons, we replicate them by ten zero coupon bonds, with redemption value &lt;math&gt;20&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 1st, 2nd, ... , 10th year
* for the redemption payment, we replicate it by a zero coupon bond, with redemption value &lt;math&gt;500&lt;/math&gt; at the end of 10th year

Thus, the bond price is 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P=20(v_{i_1}+v_{i_2}^2+\cdots+v_{i_{10}}^{10})+500v_{i_{10}}^{10}
=20(1.01^{-1}+1.02^{-2}+\cdots+1.1^{-10})+500(1.1)^{-10}
\approx 644.759\text{ (by direct computation)}
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
===Forward rates===
{{colored definition|
(Forward rates)
The forward rate &lt;math&gt;f_{t\to t+r}&lt;/math&gt; represents the {{colored em|annual}} interest rate payable on a 
risk-free investment made at time &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; and maturing at time &lt;math&gt;t+r&lt;/math&gt;. 
}}
The forward rates can be computed from the spot rates, vice versa.
This is because an investment of &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt; in a &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;-year zero-coupon bond 
followed by an investment of the redemption value (which is &lt;math&gt;k(1+i_t)^t&lt;/math&gt;, since &lt;math&gt;k=Cv_{i_t}^t&lt;/math&gt;) from this bond in an &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt;-year zero-coupon bond 
is worth the same as an investment of &lt;math&gt;k&lt;/math&gt; in a &lt;math&gt;(t+r)&lt;/math&gt;-year zero-coupon bond. 
That is,
&lt;math display=block&gt;
k(1+i_t)^t(1+f_{t\to t+r})^r=k(1+i_{t+r})^{t+r}\Rightarrow (1+i_t)^t(1+f_{t\to t+r})^r=(1+i_{t+r})^{t+r}.
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored example|
Consider a 3-year bond, with coupon of amount &lt;math&gt;10&lt;/math&gt; paid at the end of year 1 and year 3,
and its redemption value is &lt;math&gt;50&lt;/math&gt;. 
Given that the 1-year spot rate is &lt;math&gt;5\%&lt;/math&gt; and 1-year deferred 2-year forward rate (i.e. &lt;math&gt;f_{1\to 3}&lt;/math&gt;) is &lt;math&gt;7\%&lt;/math&gt;,  
compute &lt;math&gt;P&lt;/math&gt;. 
{{colored em|Solution:}} 
The 3-year spot rate is &lt;math&gt;\left((1.05)(1.07)^2\right)^{1/3}-1\approx 0.063291360&lt;/math&gt;. 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P=10(1.05)^{-1}+10(1.063291360)^{-3}+50(1.063291360)^{-3}\approx 59.43459.&lt;/math&gt;
}}
===Par yields===
{{colored definition|
(Par yield)
The &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;-year {{colored em|par yield}}, denoted by &lt;math&gt;i_{p_n}&lt;/math&gt;  
is the coupon {{colored em|per unit nominal}} (i.e. &lt;math&gt;Fr/F=r&lt;/math&gt;) that would be payable 
on a bond with a term of &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; years, that would 
give the bond a current price under current term structure of &lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt; per unit nominal (i.e. &lt;math&gt;A=P/F&lt;/math&gt;), assuming the bond is redeemed at par (i.e. &lt;math&gt;C=1&lt;/math&gt;).
That is, 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
i_{p_n}\left(v_{i_1}+v_{i_2}^2+\cdots+v_{i_n}^n\right)+v_{i_n}^n=1.
&lt;/math&gt;
(by the formula &lt;math&gt;P/F=Fr/F\left(v_{i_1}+v_{i_2}^2+\cdots+v_{i_n}^n\right)+Cv_{i_n}^n&lt;/math&gt;)
}}
{{colored remark|
* the par yields given an alternative measure of the relationship between the yield and the term of investments
* the difference between &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;-year par yield and &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;-year spot rate is called the &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;-year {{colored em|coupon bias}} 
}}
Illustration of {{colored em|par yield}}:
&lt;pre&gt;
   1  ipn ipn                 ipn 1
   ↓   ↑   ↑                   ↑↗ 
---|---|---|-------------------|---
   0   1   2                   n
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{colored example|
Given that the annual term structure of interest rate is &lt;math&gt;(0.01,0.02,0.03,\ldots,)&lt;/math&gt;, compute the 3-year par yield.

{{colored em|Solution:}} 
Since
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\begin{align}
&amp;&amp; i_{p_3}(v_{i_1}+v_{i_2}^2+v_{i_3}^3)+v_{i_3}^3&amp;=1\\
&amp;\Rightarrow&amp; i_{p_3}(1.01^{-1}+1.02^{-2}+1.03^{-3})&amp;=1\\
&amp;\Rightarrow&amp; i_{p_3}\approx 0.3488685.
\end{align}
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Compute the 3-year spot rate.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;0.01&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;0.02&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;0.03&lt;/math&gt; 
|| it can be directly read from the term structure of interest rate
- &lt;math&gt;1.02&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;1.03&lt;/math&gt; 

{Compute the 3-year coupon bias. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;0.049&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.149&lt;/math&gt;. 
+ &lt;math&gt;0.319&lt;/math&gt;.
- &lt;math&gt;0.349&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.489&lt;/math&gt;. 

{Compute the 2-year deferred 1-year forward rate.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ &lt;math&gt;0.00980&lt;/math&gt;. 
|| the 2-year deferred 1-year forward rate is denoted by &lt;math&gt;_1f_2&lt;/math&gt; 
|| &lt;math&gt;(1+_1f_2)(1.02)=1.03\Rightarrow _1f_2\approx 0.00980&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;0.00985&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.01980&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.00489&lt;/math&gt;. 
- &lt;math&gt;0.00494&lt;/math&gt;. 
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}

==Macaulay duration, modified duration and convexity== 
{{colored em|Macaulay duration}} measures the {{colored em|average length}} or {{colored em|term}} of a financial transaction.

Recall the {{colored em|method of equated time}}. It also measures the average term to maturity.
THe index is computed as the {{colored em|weighted}} average of different payments in which the weights are the amount paid.
E.g., if the payment is &lt;math&gt;s_k&lt;/math&gt; at the beginning of time &lt;math&gt;t=k&lt;/math&gt;, then 
the average term to maturity is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
t=\frac{\sum_{}^{}ts_t}{\sum_{}^{}s_t}.
&lt;/math&gt;
However, it does {{colored em|not}} consider the effect of interest rate, and 
{{colored em|Macaulay duration}} considers the effect, and thus is generally a better index.
{{colored definition|
(Macaulay duration)
The Macaulay duration &lt;math&gt;\operatorname{D}_\text{mac}(i)&lt;/math&gt; is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\frac{t_1v_i^{t_1}C_{t_1}+\cdots+t_nv_i^{t_n}C_{t_n}}{C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}}
&lt;/math&gt;
in which cash flow &lt;math&gt;C_{t_k}&lt;/math&gt; is made at time &lt;math&gt;t_k&lt;/math&gt;.  
}}
Illustration:
&lt;pre&gt;
      Ct1 Ct2        Ctk     Ctn
---|---|---|----------|-------|---    
   0  t_1 t_2   ...  t_k ... t_n
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{colored remark|
* The Macaulay duration is the mean term of cash flows weighted by their {{colored em|present values}} (instead of simply amount, which is used in method of equated time)
* The Macaulay duration is a function of &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. it changes as &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; changes
* Alternative names of Macaulay duration include discounted mean term.
* Unless otherwise specified, &quot;duration&quot; means Macaulay duration.
}}
{{colored example|
A 20-year bond with par value &lt;math&gt;10&lt;/math&gt; has a &lt;math&gt;3\%&lt;/math&gt; semiannual coupon rate. 
Suppose its redemption value is &lt;math&gt;20&lt;/math&gt;, and the semiannual yield rate is &lt;math&gt;i=5\%&lt;/math&gt;. 
Compute its Macaulay duration.

{{colored em|Solution:}} 
Its Macaulay duration is 
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\frac{10(0.03)(Ia)_{\overline {40}|0.05}+40(20)(1.05)^{-40}}{10(0.03)a_{\overline{40}|0.05}+20(1.05)^{-40}}
\approx 23.4893.
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Compute its average term to maturity using {{colored em|method of equated time}}. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;20.5&lt;/math&gt; 
|| we also need to consider the redemption value
- &lt;math&gt;23.2857&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;32.6183&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;32.6875&lt;/math&gt; 
|| &lt;math&gt;\overline t=\frac{0.3(1+2+\cdots+40)+20(40)}{0.3(40)+20}=\frac{0.3(40\times 41)/20(40)}{32}=32.6875&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;32.7647&lt;/math&gt; 

{Compute the duration if &lt;math&gt;i=0\%&lt;/math&gt;. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;20.5&lt;/math&gt; 
|| we also need to consider the redemption value
- &lt;math&gt;23.2857&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;32.6183&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;32.6875&lt;/math&gt; 
|| when &lt;math&gt;i=0\%&lt;/math&gt;, the duration formula is the same as the formula for method of equated time 
|| &lt;math&gt;\overline t=\frac{0.3(1+2+\cdots+40)+20(40)}{0.3(40)+20}=\frac{0.3(40\times 41)/20(40)}{32}=32.6875&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;32.7647&lt;/math&gt; 
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}
To measure the sensitivity of a series of cash flows to movements in the interest rates is the {{colored em|volatility}}. 
{{colored definition|
(Modified duration)
Consider a series of cash flows &lt;math&gt;C_{t_1},C_{t_2},\ldots,C_{t_n}&lt;/math&gt;. 
Let &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; be the present value of the cash flows at rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;, 
i.e.
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P(i)=C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}.
&lt;/math&gt;
The {{colored em|modified duration}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\operatorname{D}_{\text{mod}}(i)={\color{darkgreen}-}\frac{P'(i)}{P(i)}
=\frac{C_{t_1}t_1v_i^{t_2}+\cdots+C_{t_n}t_nv_i^{t_{n+1}}}{C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}}
=\frac{\operatorname{D}_{\text{mac}}(i)}{1+i}
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored remark|
* It measures the {{colored em|rate of change}} of &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; and is {{colored em|independent}} of the size of the present value (because of the denominator)
* It is analogous to {{colored em|force of interest}}, and the negative sign is added to ensure that the volatility is positive, since &lt;math&gt;P'(i)&lt;0&lt;/math&gt;, considering that &lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{di}v^t&lt;0&lt;/math&gt; for each &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt;   
* There is close relationship between Macaulay duration and modified duration, and hence the name {{colored em|modified}} duration
* Alternative name includes volatility.
}}
Another analogous term to {{colored em|volatility}} is {{colored em|convexity}}.
{{colored definition|
(Convexity)
Consider a series of cash flows &lt;math&gt;C_{t_1},C_{t_2},\ldots,C_{t_n}&lt;/math&gt;. 
Let &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; be the present value of the cash flows at rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;, 
i.e.
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P(i)=C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}.
&lt;/math&gt;
The {{colored em|convexity}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
\overline c(i)=\frac{P''(i)}{P(i)}=\frac{C_{t_1}(t_1)(t_1+1)v_i^{t_3}+\cdots+C_{t_n}(t_n)(t_n+1)v_i^{t_{n+2}}}{C_{t_1}v_i^{t_1}+\cdots+C_{t_n}v_i^{t_n}}.
&lt;/math&gt;
}}
The usage of {{colored em|convexity}} is as follows:
consider a small change in interest from &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;math&gt;i+\epsilon&lt;/math&gt;. 
By Taylor series expansion,
&lt;math display=block&gt;
P(i+\epsilon)=P(i)+\epsilon P'(i)+\frac{\epsilon^2}{2}P''(i+\delta)
&lt;/math&gt;
in which &lt;math&gt;0&lt;|\delta|&lt;|\epsilon|&lt;/math&gt;. 
Thus, using both {{colored em|volatility}} and {{colored em|convexity}} gives an {{colored em|approximation}} to the change in &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; by 
a small change in interest rates.
This will be quite useful in [[../Immunization/]] chapter.
{{colored example|
Suppose there are cash inflows of &lt;math&gt;100&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math&gt;200&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;300&lt;/math&gt; at the end of year 2,3 and 4 respectively, and that 
the annual interest rate is &lt;math&gt;5\%&lt;/math&gt;. 
Its {{colored em|duration}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
d(i)=\frac{100(2)v_{0.05}^2+200(3)v_{0.05}^3+300(4)v_{0.05}^4}{100v_{0.05}^2+200v_{0.05}^3+300v_{0.05}^3}
=\frac{200(1.05)^{-2}+600(1.05)^{-3}+1200(1.05)^{-4}}{100(1.05)^{-2}+200(1.05)^{-3}+300(1.05)^{-4}}
\approx 3.30593.
&lt;/math&gt;
Its {{colored em|volatility}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
v(i)=\frac{d(i)}{1.05}\approx 3.1485.
&lt;/math&gt;
Its {{colored em|convexity}} is
&lt;math display=block&gt;
c(i)=\frac{100(2)(3)v_{0.05}^4+200(3)(4)v_{0.05}^5+300(4)(5)v_{0.05}^6}{100v_{0.05}^2+200v_{0.05}^3+300v_{0.05}^4}
\approx 13.4267
&lt;/math&gt;
{{colored exercise|
Let &lt;math&gt;P(i)&lt;/math&gt; be the net present value of the cash flows in this example.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{Compute &lt;math&gt;P(0.05)&lt;/math&gt;. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;-535.80&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;-510.28&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;510.28&lt;/math&gt; 
|| &lt;math&gt;P(i)=100v_{0.05}^2+200v_{0.05}^3+300v_{0.05}^4\approx 510.28&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;535.80&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;1686.95&lt;/math&gt; 

{Compute &lt;math&gt;P'(0.05)&lt;/math&gt;.
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;-1686.95&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;-1606.62&lt;/math&gt; 
|| &lt;math&gt;P'(i)=-v(i)P(i)\approx 1606.62
- &lt;math&gt;3.15&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;1606.62&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;1686.95&lt;/math&gt; 

{Compute &lt;math&gt;P''(0.05)&lt;/math&gt;. 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
- &lt;math&gt;-7194.03&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;-6851.38&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;13.43&lt;/math&gt; 
+ &lt;math&gt;6851.38&lt;/math&gt; 
- &lt;math&gt;7194.03&lt;/math&gt; 
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>eo0swbprb3dlepqwh8t03xyazb1kypq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>TK103 GPS Tracker</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>259090</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088350</id>
      <parentid>4080036</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:12:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* SMS Commands */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4357" xml:space="preserve">{{Book title|{{BOOKNAME}}|A guide to the automobile tracking device}}

==Instructions for TK103 GPS tracker==

All instructions sent to the GPS unit via SMS must be in lower case letters only. Instructions sent to the unit that are upper case, or start in upper case will be ignored by the unit. Instructions below are contained in quotation marks, quotation marks do not need to be sent and are simply to clarify what to send. 

From the factory, the password to access the unit is 123456. 

{{Warning|'''Note:''' Some units require a space between the command and password, others require there be no space.}}

===Setting Master Number===

Until a master number is added, the GPS unit will SMS reply with its GPS location to ANY number that calls it. To stop the unit replying to any number that calls it, a master number must be given to the unit. Instructions below show how to set the master number.

Ring the GPS unit from your cell phone and let it ring until the GPS unit picks the call up or the unit hangs up. Do this 10 times in a row, each time letting the unit pick the call up/hang up. While making these calls, the unit may SMS back with its GPS location, ignore these. After the 10th call, the GPS unit should SMS back something other than its GPS location. Depending on the manufacturer of the unit, it should SMS &quot;add master OK&quot;, although, some units will just sent a blank message instead. 

===Setting Admin Numbers===

Admin numbers are secondary numbers that will also receive SMS alerts from the GPS unit. Admin numbers do not have to be added if not wanted. For admin numbers to access the GPS unit, the users will also need to know the GPS units password.

To add admin numbers, send message &quot;admin 123456 XXXXXX&quot;. XXXXXX is the number you want to add as admin number. Up to 4 admin numbers may be added, all will be able to control the unit and will recive text notifications when the unit is in SMS mode. Only the master number should be used to add numbers to the unit.

===Setting password===

Send message &quot;password 123456 XXXXXX&quot;. XXXXXX is a new password of your choice. Password must be at least 6 characters and may be numbers or letters. If the password contains letters, they must all be lower case. Note that if the password is forgotten, the unit will need to be reset at the factory.

===SMS Commands===

Below instructions assume '''XXXXX''' is the password
[[File:Gps.jpg|thumb|Wiring diagram showing what wire to turn horn on (when fuel is cut) and wire added (red) that is missing from instructions for fuel cut relay]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|'''Function'''
|'''SMS Command and password'''
|'''Units Response'''
|'''Confirmation SMS'''
|-
|SMS Mode
|sms xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS location and notifications to admin number
|sms ok!
|-
|GPRS Mode
|gprs xxxxxx
|Unit will show online its location and notifications
|gprs ok!
|-
|monitor mode
|monitor xxxxxx
|Unit will activate microphone if called by an admin number
|monitor ok!
|-
|Tracker Mode
|tracker xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS gps location if called by an admin number (unit must be in SMS mode)
|tracker ok!
|-
|See Location
|address xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS address to admin number (unit must be in SMS mode)
|
|-
|Shift alarm
|move xxxxxx
|Unit will send notification if unit moves
|move ok!
|-
|Shift alarm
|nomove xxxxxx
|Cancels shift alarm
|nomove ok!
|- 
|Arm on
|arm xxxxxx
|Unit will send notification if door is opened or ACC is turned on
|tracker is activated!
|-
|Arm off
|disarm xxxxxx
|Cancels arm
|tracker is deactivated!
|-
|Check Status
|check xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS status of battery, power, doors, acc
|
|-
|Time setting
|time zone xxxxxx
|will set Time of the gps in Reports
|time ok!
|-
|Password change
|password xxxxxx yyyyyyy
|it will change the master password
|password ok!
|-
|APN setting
|Apn xxxxxx apn_name
|setting Apn name of the com center for GPRS support
|APN ok
|-
|Begin mode
|Begin xxxxxx
|start the system 
|begin ok!
|-
|Turn off Engine
|stop xxxxxx
|power off to turn engine off 
|Stop engine Succeed
|-
|Turn on Engine
|resume xxxxxx
|power back for engine to turn on
|Resume engine Succeed
|-
|Returne IMEI 
|imei xxxxxx
|return the amount of GPS imei for future use
|
|-
|Less GPRS mode
|Less gprs xxxxxx on/off
|use gprs in hibrid mode
|Less gprs on/off ok
|}

{{Shelves|Miscellaneous}}
{{booklet}}
{{Status|50%}}
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>jsplaba51bwkf8bsjp0y43j5ax5ew59</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088357</id>
      <parentid>4088350</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:58:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>105.112.115.98</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>XXX</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4362" xml:space="preserve">{{Book title|{{BOOKNAME}}|A guide to the automobile tracking dee}}
 XXXXXX

==Instructions for TK103 GPS tracker==

All instructions sent to the GPS unit via SMS must be in lower case letters only. Instructions sent to the unit that are upper case, or start in upper case will be ignored by the unit. Instructions below are contained in quotation marks, quotation marks do not need to be sent and are simply to clarify what to send. 

From the factory, the password to access the unit is 123456. 

{{Warning|'''Note:''' Some units require a space between the command and password, others require there be no space.}}

===Setting Master Number===

Until a master number is added, the GPS unit will SMS reply with its GPS location to ANY number that calls it. To stop the unit replying to any number that calls it, a master number must be given to the unit. Instructions below show how to set the master number.

Ring the GPS unit from your cell phone and let it ring until the GPS unit picks the call up or the unit hangs up. Do this 10 times in a row, each time letting the unit pick the call up/hang up. While making these calls, the unit may SMS back with its GPS location, ignore these. After the 10th call, the GPS unit should SMS back something other than its GPS location. Depending on the manufacturer of the unit, it should SMS &quot;add master OK&quot;, although, some units will just sent a blank message instead. 

===Setting Admin Numbers===

Admin numbers are secondary numbers that will also receive SMS alerts from the GPS unit. Admin numbers do not have to be added if not wanted. For admin numbers to access the GPS unit, the users will also need to know the GPS units password.

To add admin numbers, send message &quot;admin 123456 XXXXXX&quot;. XXXXXX is the number you want to add as admin number. Up to 4 admin numbers may be added, all will be able to control the unit and will recive text notifications when the unit is in SMS mode. Only the master number should be used to add numbers to the unit.

===Setting password===

Send message &quot;password 123456 XXXXXX&quot;. XXXXXX is a new password of your choice. Password must be at least 6 characters and may be numbers or letters. If the password contains letters, they must all be lower case. Note that if the password is forgotten, the unit will need to be reset at the factory.

===SMS Commands===

Below instructions assume '''XXXXX''' is the password
[[File:Gps.jpg|thumb|Wiring diagram showing what wire to turn horn on (when fuel is cut) and wire added (red) that is missing from instructions for fuel cut relay]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|'''Function'''
|'''SMS Command and password'''
|'''Units Response'''
|'''Confirmation SMS'''
|-
|SMS Mode
|sms xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS location and notifications to admin number
|sms ok!
|-
|GPRS Mode
|gprs xxxxxx
|Unit will show online its location and notifications
|gprs ok!
|-
|monitor mode
|monitor xxxxxx
|Unit will activate microphone if called by an admin number
|monitor ok!
|-
|Tracker Mode
|tracker xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS gps location if called by an admin number (unit must be in SMS mode)
|tracker ok!
|-
|See Location
|address xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS address to admin number (unit must be in SMS mode)
|
|-
|Shift alarm
|move xxxxxx
|Unit will send notification if unit moves
|move ok!
|-
|Shift alarm
|nomove xxxxxx
|Cancels shift alarm
|nomove ok!
|- 
|Arm on
|arm xxxxxx
|Unit will send notification if door is opened or ACC is turned on
|tracker is activated!
|-
|Arm off
|disarm xxxxxx
|Cancels arm
|tracker is deactivated!
|-
|Check Status
|check xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS status of battery, power, doors, acc
|
|-
|Time setting
|time zone xxxxxx
|will set Time of the gps in Reports
|time ok!
|-
|Password change
|password xxxxxx yyyyyyy
|it will change the master password
|password ok!
|-
|APN setting
|Apn xxxxxx apn_name
|setting Apn name of the com center for GPRS support
|APN ok
|-
|Begin mode
|Begin xxxxxx
|start the system 
|begin ok!
|-
|Turn off Engine
|stop xxxxxx
|power off to turn engine off 
|Stop engine Succeed
|-
|Turn on Engine
|resume xxxxxx
|power back for engine to turn on
|Resume engine Succeed
|-
|Returne IMEI 
|imei xxxxxx
|return the amount of GPS imei for future use
|
|-
|Less GPRS mode
|Less gprs xxxxxx on/off
|use gprs in hibrid mode
|Less gprs on/off ok
|}

{{Shelves|Miscellaneous}}
{{booklet}}
{{Status|50%}}
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>167zlo976fgdzu0aj48przqormj6dy0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088410</id>
      <parentid>4088357</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:36:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xania</username>
        <id>40302</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/105.112.115.98|105.112.115.98]] ([[User talk:105.112.115.98|talk]]) to last version by Mbrickn</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4357" xml:space="preserve">{{Book title|{{BOOKNAME}}|A guide to the automobile tracking device}}

==Instructions for TK103 GPS tracker==

All instructions sent to the GPS unit via SMS must be in lower case letters only. Instructions sent to the unit that are upper case, or start in upper case will be ignored by the unit. Instructions below are contained in quotation marks, quotation marks do not need to be sent and are simply to clarify what to send. 

From the factory, the password to access the unit is 123456. 

{{Warning|'''Note:''' Some units require a space between the command and password, others require there be no space.}}

===Setting Master Number===

Until a master number is added, the GPS unit will SMS reply with its GPS location to ANY number that calls it. To stop the unit replying to any number that calls it, a master number must be given to the unit. Instructions below show how to set the master number.

Ring the GPS unit from your cell phone and let it ring until the GPS unit picks the call up or the unit hangs up. Do this 10 times in a row, each time letting the unit pick the call up/hang up. While making these calls, the unit may SMS back with its GPS location, ignore these. After the 10th call, the GPS unit should SMS back something other than its GPS location. Depending on the manufacturer of the unit, it should SMS &quot;add master OK&quot;, although, some units will just sent a blank message instead. 

===Setting Admin Numbers===

Admin numbers are secondary numbers that will also receive SMS alerts from the GPS unit. Admin numbers do not have to be added if not wanted. For admin numbers to access the GPS unit, the users will also need to know the GPS units password.

To add admin numbers, send message &quot;admin 123456 XXXXXX&quot;. XXXXXX is the number you want to add as admin number. Up to 4 admin numbers may be added, all will be able to control the unit and will recive text notifications when the unit is in SMS mode. Only the master number should be used to add numbers to the unit.

===Setting password===

Send message &quot;password 123456 XXXXXX&quot;. XXXXXX is a new password of your choice. Password must be at least 6 characters and may be numbers or letters. If the password contains letters, they must all be lower case. Note that if the password is forgotten, the unit will need to be reset at the factory.

===SMS Commands===

Below instructions assume '''XXXXX''' is the password
[[File:Gps.jpg|thumb|Wiring diagram showing what wire to turn horn on (when fuel is cut) and wire added (red) that is missing from instructions for fuel cut relay]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|'''Function'''
|'''SMS Command and password'''
|'''Units Response'''
|'''Confirmation SMS'''
|-
|SMS Mode
|sms xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS location and notifications to admin number
|sms ok!
|-
|GPRS Mode
|gprs xxxxxx
|Unit will show online its location and notifications
|gprs ok!
|-
|monitor mode
|monitor xxxxxx
|Unit will activate microphone if called by an admin number
|monitor ok!
|-
|Tracker Mode
|tracker xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS gps location if called by an admin number (unit must be in SMS mode)
|tracker ok!
|-
|See Location
|address xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS address to admin number (unit must be in SMS mode)
|
|-
|Shift alarm
|move xxxxxx
|Unit will send notification if unit moves
|move ok!
|-
|Shift alarm
|nomove xxxxxx
|Cancels shift alarm
|nomove ok!
|- 
|Arm on
|arm xxxxxx
|Unit will send notification if door is opened or ACC is turned on
|tracker is activated!
|-
|Arm off
|disarm xxxxxx
|Cancels arm
|tracker is deactivated!
|-
|Check Status
|check xxxxxx
|Unit will SMS status of battery, power, doors, acc
|
|-
|Time setting
|time zone xxxxxx
|will set Time of the gps in Reports
|time ok!
|-
|Password change
|password xxxxxx yyyyyyy
|it will change the master password
|password ok!
|-
|APN setting
|Apn xxxxxx apn_name
|setting Apn name of the com center for GPRS support
|APN ok
|-
|Begin mode
|Begin xxxxxx
|start the system 
|begin ok!
|-
|Turn off Engine
|stop xxxxxx
|power off to turn engine off 
|Stop engine Succeed
|-
|Turn on Engine
|resume xxxxxx
|power back for engine to turn on
|Resume engine Succeed
|-
|Returne IMEI 
|imei xxxxxx
|return the amount of GPS imei for future use
|
|-
|Less GPRS mode
|Less gprs xxxxxx on/off
|use gprs in hibrid mode
|Less gprs on/off ok
|}

{{Shelves|Miscellaneous}}
{{booklet}}
{{Status|50%}}
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>jsplaba51bwkf8bsjp0y43j5ax5ew59</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:OpenGL Programming/Modern OpenGL Tutorial Text Rendering 01</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>264634</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088377</id>
      <parentid>3077472</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T22:32:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>103.66.127.66</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* No VAO is created... */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5812" xml:space="preserve">==NOTICE: the code showed in this article is not the same that the code in the &quot;text01_intro&quot;  ==

I have been trying implementing the code of the article unsuccessfully, but when I have downloaded the source code related with this one, I have found code differences in the fragment shader and in the glTexImage2D function, and applyng this differences, the demo run sucessfully.

==WARNING: this method is slow==
I just implemented the method below for rendering a line of text. It works, but is very slow for a runtime application.

The ft_load_char function is slow, and if using a hundred times a frame, for every char in a line of text, can make you lose about 300fps.

I read about how texture caching can speed this up, but the op did not tell us how. Also how can you cache a single texture for different chars, if only one char can be in the texture at a time?

Unless the OP can come up with a way to significantly speed this up, It is much faster to just load all the chars to a traditional sprite texture beforehand.

: I agree. What's worse is that this page is quickly found via Google when looking for &quot;freetype OpenGL tutorial&quot; or similar searches. Which means that this tutorial is teaching people bad techniques. As evidenced by [https://www.opengl.org/discussion_boards/showthread.php/189388-recreate-shader-or-reuse-shader this question on OpenGL.org's forums].

: Tutorials should not be teaching people the wrong way to do things, even if it's slightly easier for making the tutorial work. [[User:Korval|Korval]] ([[User talk:Korval|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Korval|contribs]]) 20:22, 18 June 2015 (UTC)

==problem==
Hey, I had a hard time making this to work, glTex[Sub]Image2D throwing a GL_INVALID_ENUM each time I drew a char or when I created the atlas(in the next tutorial on fonts).
The problem was that GL_ALPHA as a (internal)format was causing this, as well as GL_LUMINANCE or GL_INTENSITY, and the visual result was just lots of artifacts on screen.
What I did to make this work is using glTexImage2D like this :

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
glTexImage2D( GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
              0, 
              GL_RGB, 
              g-&gt;bitmap.width, 
              g-&gt;bitmap.rows, 
              0,  
              GL_RED, 
              GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
              g-&gt;bitmap.buffer );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

So GL_RGB as internal format and GL_RED as format (and using GL_RED too when filling the atlas in the second tutorial).

Then in the shader I used the RED component of the texture in the ALPHA component of the final color, like this :

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
outColor = vec4( 1, 1, 1, texture( Albedo, texCoords ).r )* Color;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

I'm using OpenGL 3.2, with GLSL 330, and GLEW to load procedures. I did not found anyone having this problem on the web so I write it here if someone gets in the same situation. Very good tutorial nonetheless!!

--[[User:Revk|Revk]] ([[User talk:Revk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Revk|contribs]]) 19:36, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

:Which graphics card do you have? Also, if you haven't used the code from [https://gitorious.org/wikibooks-opengl/modern-tutorials/trees/master this git repository], please try it out and see whether that also fails or not.
:--[[User:Guus|Guus]] ([[User talk:Guus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guus|contribs]])

::Hey!
::In fact, I saw where I went wrong on this. The problem is that I use OpenGL Core Profile without backward compatibility. As of 3.0+, GL_ALPHA is not a valid format/internal_format value anymore. The only ones are GL_RED, GL_RG, GL_RGB, GL_RGBA, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL, and a list of sized and/or compressed components, as shown on : 
:: https://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man3/xhtml/glTexImage2D.xml
::So I believe that for a Core Profile OpenGL application, GL_RED is the value to use for the Format, and GL_RGB for the InternalFormat. And the fragment shader must use the red component of the texture as the alpha component of its output color (as shown in my first post).
::As for the examples on Gitorious, they work fine for me ;). But there is maybe something wrong with the glPixelStorei. It is used before the atlas filling with a size of 1, but is not put back to the original size of the unpack_alignment size. Wouldn't it be better to do? :

&lt;source lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
GLint current_alignment;
glGetIntegerv( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, &amp;current_alignment );
glPixelStorei( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1 );
...
// texture atlas work
...
glPixelStorei( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, current_alignment );
&lt;/source&gt;
::[[User:Revk|Revk]] ([[User talk:Revk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Revk|contribs]]) 03:57, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

::: Hi Revk,

:::I'm having trouble getting this to work.
:::Can anyone with working code post it somewhere and link to it here?
:::Thanks.
:::--[[Special:Contributions/69.17.174.21|69.17.174.21]] ([[User talk:69.17.174.21|discuss]]) 03:54, 24 January 2015 (UTC)

== No VAO is created... ==

First of all, thanks for this helpful tutorial.
It smoothly works on Windows but I couldn't make it work on OSX (10.9 Mavericks) first, since there is no VAO created in this source code.
Hope this helps other people in the future.

-Minho

I needed a VAO to be able to switch between vertex formats (glVertexAttribPointer), so totally agree!

== SansSerif.ttf can not be used ==

Hi all,
I used Visual Studio 2012 and could not run this example.
When I replaced SansSerif.ttf by - for example - arial.ttf, from c:\windows\fonts it succeeds.
Maybe the trouble comes from freetype 2.5.5 library, that I had to compile by myself and is perhaps &quot;too new&quot; for this old font file.
[[User:OnkelSchuppig|OnkelSchuppig]] ([[User talk:OnkelSchuppig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/OnkelSchuppig|contribs]]) 11:20, 31 January 2015 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>po3484is3legumcggnu8v91037ci9p1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088378</id>
      <parentid>4088377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T22:37:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>103.66.127.66</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6357" xml:space="preserve">==NOTICE: the code showed in this article is not the same that the code in the &quot;text01_intro&quot;  ==

I have been trying implementing the code of the article unsuccessfully, but when I have downloaded the source code related with this one, I have found code differences in the fragment shader and in the glTexImage2D function, and applyng this differences, the demo run sucessfully.

==WARNING: this method is slow==
I just implemented the method below for rendering a line of text. It works, but is very slow for a runtime application.

The ft_load_char function is slow, and if using a hundred times a frame, for every char in a line of text, can make you lose about 300fps.

I read about how texture caching can speed this up, but the op did not tell us how. Also how can you cache a single texture for different chars, if only one char can be in the texture at a time?

Unless the OP can come up with a way to significantly speed this up, It is much faster to just load all the chars to a traditional sprite texture beforehand.

: I agree. What's worse is that this page is quickly found via Google when looking for &quot;freetype OpenGL tutorial&quot; or similar searches. Which means that this tutorial is teaching people bad techniques. As evidenced by [https://www.opengl.org/discussion_boards/showthread.php/189388-recreate-shader-or-reuse-shader this question on OpenGL.org's forums].

: Tutorials should not be teaching people the wrong way to do things, even if it's slightly easier for making the tutorial work. [[User:Korval|Korval]] ([[User talk:Korval|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Korval|contribs]]) 20:22, 18 June 2015 (UTC)

==Triangle winding order==

Thank you very much for this tutorial, which worked perfectly once I used a VAO and set uniform variables.

Just a note that the triangle winding order is clockwise, which meant that text was not visible until I did glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE).  To use CCW winding, change the order of the vertices:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
    GLfloat box[4][4] = { 
        {x2 + w, -y2,     1, 0}, 
        {x2,     -y2,     0, 0}, 
        {x2 + w, -y2 - h, 1, 1}, 
        {x2,     -y2 - h, 0, 1}, 
    };  
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;


==problem==
Hey, I had a hard time making this to work, glTex[Sub]Image2D throwing a GL_INVALID_ENUM each time I drew a char or when I created the atlas(in the next tutorial on fonts).
The problem was that GL_ALPHA as a (internal)format was causing this, as well as GL_LUMINANCE or GL_INTENSITY, and the visual result was just lots of artifacts on screen.
What I did to make this work is using glTexImage2D like this :

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
glTexImage2D( GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
              0, 
              GL_RGB, 
              g-&gt;bitmap.width, 
              g-&gt;bitmap.rows, 
              0,  
              GL_RED, 
              GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
              g-&gt;bitmap.buffer );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

So GL_RGB as internal format and GL_RED as format (and using GL_RED too when filling the atlas in the second tutorial).

Then in the shader I used the RED component of the texture in the ALPHA component of the final color, like this :

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
outColor = vec4( 1, 1, 1, texture( Albedo, texCoords ).r )* Color;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

I'm using OpenGL 3.2, with GLSL 330, and GLEW to load procedures. I did not found anyone having this problem on the web so I write it here if someone gets in the same situation. Very good tutorial nonetheless!!

--[[User:Revk|Revk]] ([[User talk:Revk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Revk|contribs]]) 19:36, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

:Which graphics card do you have? Also, if you haven't used the code from [https://gitorious.org/wikibooks-opengl/modern-tutorials/trees/master this git repository], please try it out and see whether that also fails or not.
:--[[User:Guus|Guus]] ([[User talk:Guus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guus|contribs]])

::Hey!
::In fact, I saw where I went wrong on this. The problem is that I use OpenGL Core Profile without backward compatibility. As of 3.0+, GL_ALPHA is not a valid format/internal_format value anymore. The only ones are GL_RED, GL_RG, GL_RGB, GL_RGBA, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL, and a list of sized and/or compressed components, as shown on : 
:: https://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man3/xhtml/glTexImage2D.xml
::So I believe that for a Core Profile OpenGL application, GL_RED is the value to use for the Format, and GL_RGB for the InternalFormat. And the fragment shader must use the red component of the texture as the alpha component of its output color (as shown in my first post).
::As for the examples on Gitorious, they work fine for me ;). But there is maybe something wrong with the glPixelStorei. It is used before the atlas filling with a size of 1, but is not put back to the original size of the unpack_alignment size. Wouldn't it be better to do? :

&lt;source lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
GLint current_alignment;
glGetIntegerv( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, &amp;current_alignment );
glPixelStorei( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1 );
...
// texture atlas work
...
glPixelStorei( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, current_alignment );
&lt;/source&gt;
::[[User:Revk|Revk]] ([[User talk:Revk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Revk|contribs]]) 03:57, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

::: Hi Revk,

:::I'm having trouble getting this to work.
:::Can anyone with working code post it somewhere and link to it here?
:::Thanks.
:::--[[Special:Contributions/69.17.174.21|69.17.174.21]] ([[User talk:69.17.174.21|discuss]]) 03:54, 24 January 2015 (UTC)

== No VAO is created... ==

First of all, thanks for this helpful tutorial.
It smoothly works on Windows but I couldn't make it work on OSX (10.9 Mavericks) first, since there is no VAO created in this source code.
Hope this helps other people in the future.

-Minho

I needed a VAO to be able to switch between vertex formats (glVertexAttribPointer), so totally agree!

== SansSerif.ttf can not be used ==

Hi all,
I used Visual Studio 2012 and could not run this example.
When I replaced SansSerif.ttf by - for example - arial.ttf, from c:\windows\fonts it succeeds.
Maybe the trouble comes from freetype 2.5.5 library, that I had to compile by myself and is perhaps &quot;too new&quot; for this old font file.
[[User:OnkelSchuppig|OnkelSchuppig]] ([[User talk:OnkelSchuppig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/OnkelSchuppig|contribs]]) 11:20, 31 January 2015 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>emwf1tv9mgvzkpdkq6b554nupwuw06s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088379</id>
      <parentid>4088378</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T22:42:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Unclouded</username>
        <id>109842</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* WARNING: this method is slow */ Reply</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6750" xml:space="preserve">==NOTICE: the code showed in this article is not the same that the code in the &quot;text01_intro&quot;  ==

I have been trying implementing the code of the article unsuccessfully, but when I have downloaded the source code related with this one, I have found code differences in the fragment shader and in the glTexImage2D function, and applyng this differences, the demo run sucessfully.

==WARNING: this method is slow==
I just implemented the method below for rendering a line of text. It works, but is very slow for a runtime application.

The ft_load_char function is slow, and if using a hundred times a frame, for every char in a line of text, can make you lose about 300fps.

I read about how texture caching can speed this up, but the op did not tell us how. Also how can you cache a single texture for different chars, if only one char can be in the texture at a time?

Unless the OP can come up with a way to significantly speed this up, It is much faster to just load all the chars to a traditional sprite texture beforehand.

: I agree. What's worse is that this page is quickly found via Google when looking for &quot;freetype OpenGL tutorial&quot; or similar searches. Which means that this tutorial is teaching people bad techniques. As evidenced by [https://www.opengl.org/discussion_boards/showthread.php/189388-recreate-shader-or-reuse-shader this question on OpenGL.org's forums].

: Tutorials should not be teaching people the wrong way to do things, even if it's slightly easier for making the tutorial work. [[User:Korval|Korval]] ([[User talk:Korval|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Korval|contribs]]) 20:22, 18 June 2015 (UTC)

:I don't agree.  I think the tutorial should be simple, so that people can get something working quickly.  To be fast, all the data should already be on the GPU before rendering, which isn't the case here, so it's obvious that it's just a demonstration. [[User:Unclouded|Unclouded]] ([[User talk:Unclouded|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Unclouded|contribs]]) 22:42, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

==Triangle winding order==

Thank you very much for this tutorial, which worked perfectly once I used a VAO and set uniform variables.

Just a note that the triangle winding order is clockwise, which meant that text was not visible until I did glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE).  To use CCW winding, change the order of the vertices:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
    GLfloat box[4][4] = { 
        {x2 + w, -y2,     1, 0}, 
        {x2,     -y2,     0, 0}, 
        {x2 + w, -y2 - h, 1, 1}, 
        {x2,     -y2 - h, 0, 1}, 
    };  
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;


==problem==
Hey, I had a hard time making this to work, glTex[Sub]Image2D throwing a GL_INVALID_ENUM each time I drew a char or when I created the atlas(in the next tutorial on fonts).
The problem was that GL_ALPHA as a (internal)format was causing this, as well as GL_LUMINANCE or GL_INTENSITY, and the visual result was just lots of artifacts on screen.
What I did to make this work is using glTexImage2D like this :

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
glTexImage2D( GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
              0, 
              GL_RGB, 
              g-&gt;bitmap.width, 
              g-&gt;bitmap.rows, 
              0,  
              GL_RED, 
              GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
              g-&gt;bitmap.buffer );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

So GL_RGB as internal format and GL_RED as format (and using GL_RED too when filling the atlas in the second tutorial).

Then in the shader I used the RED component of the texture in the ALPHA component of the final color, like this :

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
outColor = vec4( 1, 1, 1, texture( Albedo, texCoords ).r )* Color;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

I'm using OpenGL 3.2, with GLSL 330, and GLEW to load procedures. I did not found anyone having this problem on the web so I write it here if someone gets in the same situation. Very good tutorial nonetheless!!

--[[User:Revk|Revk]] ([[User talk:Revk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Revk|contribs]]) 19:36, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

:Which graphics card do you have? Also, if you haven't used the code from [https://gitorious.org/wikibooks-opengl/modern-tutorials/trees/master this git repository], please try it out and see whether that also fails or not.
:--[[User:Guus|Guus]] ([[User talk:Guus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guus|contribs]])

::Hey!
::In fact, I saw where I went wrong on this. The problem is that I use OpenGL Core Profile without backward compatibility. As of 3.0+, GL_ALPHA is not a valid format/internal_format value anymore. The only ones are GL_RED, GL_RG, GL_RGB, GL_RGBA, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL, and a list of sized and/or compressed components, as shown on : 
:: https://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man3/xhtml/glTexImage2D.xml
::So I believe that for a Core Profile OpenGL application, GL_RED is the value to use for the Format, and GL_RGB for the InternalFormat. And the fragment shader must use the red component of the texture as the alpha component of its output color (as shown in my first post).
::As for the examples on Gitorious, they work fine for me ;). But there is maybe something wrong with the glPixelStorei. It is used before the atlas filling with a size of 1, but is not put back to the original size of the unpack_alignment size. Wouldn't it be better to do? :

&lt;source lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
GLint current_alignment;
glGetIntegerv( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, &amp;current_alignment );
glPixelStorei( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1 );
...
// texture atlas work
...
glPixelStorei( GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, current_alignment );
&lt;/source&gt;
::[[User:Revk|Revk]] ([[User talk:Revk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Revk|contribs]]) 03:57, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

::: Hi Revk,

:::I'm having trouble getting this to work.
:::Can anyone with working code post it somewhere and link to it here?
:::Thanks.
:::--[[Special:Contributions/69.17.174.21|69.17.174.21]] ([[User talk:69.17.174.21|discuss]]) 03:54, 24 January 2015 (UTC)

== No VAO is created... ==

First of all, thanks for this helpful tutorial.
It smoothly works on Windows but I couldn't make it work on OSX (10.9 Mavericks) first, since there is no VAO created in this source code.
Hope this helps other people in the future.

-Minho

I needed a VAO to be able to switch between vertex formats (glVertexAttribPointer), so totally agree!

== SansSerif.ttf can not be used ==

Hi all,
I used Visual Studio 2012 and could not run this example.
When I replaced SansSerif.ttf by - for example - arial.ttf, from c:\windows\fonts it succeeds.
Maybe the trouble comes from freetype 2.5.5 library, that I had to compile by myself and is perhaps &quot;too new&quot; for this old font file.
[[User:OnkelSchuppig|OnkelSchuppig]] ([[User talk:OnkelSchuppig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/OnkelSchuppig|contribs]]) 11:20, 31 January 2015 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>aot19vw1kia2o31dedy0r8b3ns5koyb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vegan and vegetarian phrases/English</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>277211</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088314</id>
      <parentid>3827736</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:55:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2497" xml:space="preserve">Please note!  Do not add translations to this page. This page will remain in English only. It only contains the phrases that are to be translated into other languages.
== Introduction ==

I am vegan/we are vegans and would like something to eat. Veganism is a diet and lifestyle that avoids using animal products in food and in other products of consumption, including clothing, alcohol and cosmetics. People dedicate themselves to veganism for different reasons, with health benefits, animal rights, ecological concerns being some of them.

We do eat; all fruits, vegetables, lentils, beans, rice, and grains. We eat pasta which  has no egg, cous-cous, we eat soups and meals with vegetable stock, vegetable and olive oils and coconut milk.

We do not eat meat (beef, chicken, pork or any other animal), fish, meat stock (as used in soups), milk (from any animal), eggs, butter, cheese, lactose, shellac, lard or animal fat, gelatin, or food with these products in, even in small amounts.

Thank you for your time reading this and we really appreciate any food you can prepare.

== Phrases ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
  |+ Vegan and vegetarian phrases to be translated
|-
  ! English
  ! Other language
|-
  | I am vegan
  | --translation--
|-
  | I am vegetarian
  | --translation--
|-
  | I eat only products of plant origin
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not eat meat
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not eat fish
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not consume dairy products
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not eat meat
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not eat anything that comes from an animal
  | --translation--
|-
  | Do you have vegetarian food?
  | --translation--
|-
  | Do you have tofu?
  | --translation--
|-
  | I want to have fruit salad
  | --translation--
|-
  | Does this bread contain any milk or egg?
  | --translation--

|}

== Words ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
  |+ Food items that are suitable for vegetarians and vegans
|-
  ! English
  ! Other language
|-
  | vegetables
  | --خضروات--
|-
  | hedelmät
  | --translation--
|-
  | tofu
  | --translation--
|-
  | soy milk
  | --translation--
|-
  | soy cheese
  | --translation--
|}
== Slang ==
* '''Nooch''' - Nutritional yeast. Vegans commonly use this as a substitute for cheese.

== External links ==
* [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] Instructions on how to edit pages like this. It is a good idea to keep the instruction page open in a separate window for quick check of instructions.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>lzc41tgdvwjqab80o49xg3el73zp69s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088315</id>
      <parentid>4088314</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:57:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2512" xml:space="preserve">{{Info|'''Please note:'''  Do not add translations to this page. This page will remain in English only. It only contains the phrases that are to be translated into other languages.}}
== Introduction ==

I am vegan/we are vegans and would like something to eat. Veganism is a diet and lifestyle that avoids using animal products in food and in other products of consumption, including clothing, alcohol and cosmetics. People dedicate themselves to veganism for different reasons, with health benefits, animal rights, ecological concerns being some of them.

We do eat; all fruits, vegetables, lentils, beans, rice, and grains. We eat pasta which  has no egg, cous-cous, we eat soups and meals with vegetable stock, vegetable and olive oils and coconut milk.

We do not eat meat (beef, chicken, pork or any other animal), fish, meat stock (as used in soups), milk (from any animal), eggs, butter, cheese, lactose, shellac, lard or animal fat, gelatin, or food with these products in, even in small amounts.

Thank you for your time reading this and we really appreciate any food you can prepare.

== Phrases ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
  |+ Vegan and vegetarian phrases to be translated
|-
  ! English
  ! Other language
|-
  | I am vegan
  | --translation--
|-
  | I am vegetarian
  | --translation--
|-
  | I eat only products of plant origin
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not eat meat
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not eat fish
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not consume dairy products
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not eat meat
  | --translation--
|-
  | I do not eat anything that comes from an animal
  | --translation--
|-
  | Do you have vegetarian food?
  | --translation--
|-
  | Do you have tofu?
  | --translation--
|-
  | I want to have fruit salad
  | --translation--
|-
  | Does this bread contain any milk or egg?
  | --translation--

|}

== Words ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
  |+ Food items that are suitable for vegetarians and vegans
|-
  ! English
  ! Other language
|-
  | vegetables
  | --خضروات--
|-
  | hedelmät
  | --translation--
|-
  | tofu
  | --translation--
|-
  | soy milk
  | --translation--
|-
  | soy cheese
  | --translation--
|}
== Slang ==
* '''Nooch''' - Nutritional yeast. Vegans commonly use this as a substitute for cheese.

== External links ==
* [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] Instructions on how to edit pages like this. It is a good idea to keep the instruction page open in a separate window for quick check of instructions.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>9ujyl0d61v88yggt4fecclktbn6b8ri</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088316</id>
      <parentid>4088315</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:59:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2388" xml:space="preserve">{{Info|'''Please note:'''  Do not add translations to this page. This page will remain in English only. It only contains the phrases that are to be translated into other languages.}}
{{TOCright}}
== Introduction ==

I am vegan/we are vegans and would like something to eat. Veganism is a diet and lifestyle that avoids using animal products in food and in other products of consumption, including clothing, alcohol and cosmetics. People dedicate themselves to veganism for different reasons, with health benefits, animal rights, ecological concerns being some of them.

We do eat; all fruits, vegetables, lentils, beans, rice, and grains. We eat pasta which  has no egg, cous-cous, we eat soups and meals with vegetable stock, vegetable and olive oils and coconut milk.

We do not eat meat (beef, chicken, pork or any other animal), fish, meat stock (as used in soups), milk (from any animal), eggs, butter, cheese, lactose, shellac, lard or animal fat, gelatin, or food with these products in, even in small amounts.

Thank you for your time reading this and we really appreciate any food you can prepare.

== Phrases ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
  |+ Vegan and vegetarian phrases to be translated
|-
  ! English
  ! Other language
|-
  | I am vegan
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I am vegetarian
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I eat only products of plant origin
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not eat meat
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not eat fish
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not consume dairy products
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not eat meat
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not eat anything that comes from an animal
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | Do you have vegetarian food?
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | Do you have tofu?
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I want to have fruit salad
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | Does this bread contain any milk or egg?
  | {{N/A}}

|}

== Words ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
  |+ Food items that are suitable for vegetarians and vegans
|-
  ! English
  ! Other language
|-
  | vegetables
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | hedelmät
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | tofu
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | soy milk
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | soy cheese
  | {{N/A}}
|}
== Slang ==
* '''Nooch''' - Nutritional yeast. Vegans commonly use this as a substitute for cheese.

== External links ==
* [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] Instructions on how to edit pages like this. It is a good idea to keep the instruction page open in a separate window for quick check of instructions.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>jipafa0vvwz3naqwluynv030wi3rwdh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088317</id>
      <parentid>4088316</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:00:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Words */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2385" xml:space="preserve">{{Info|'''Please note:'''  Do not add translations to this page. This page will remain in English only. It only contains the phrases that are to be translated into other languages.}}
{{TOCright}}
== Introduction ==

I am vegan/we are vegans and would like something to eat. Veganism is a diet and lifestyle that avoids using animal products in food and in other products of consumption, including clothing, alcohol and cosmetics. People dedicate themselves to veganism for different reasons, with health benefits, animal rights, ecological concerns being some of them.

We do eat; all fruits, vegetables, lentils, beans, rice, and grains. We eat pasta which  has no egg, cous-cous, we eat soups and meals with vegetable stock, vegetable and olive oils and coconut milk.

We do not eat meat (beef, chicken, pork or any other animal), fish, meat stock (as used in soups), milk (from any animal), eggs, butter, cheese, lactose, shellac, lard or animal fat, gelatin, or food with these products in, even in small amounts.

Thank you for your time reading this and we really appreciate any food you can prepare.

== Phrases ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
  |+ Vegan and vegetarian phrases to be translated
|-
  ! English
  ! Other language
|-
  | I am vegan
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I am vegetarian
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I eat only products of plant origin
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not eat meat
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not eat fish
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not consume dairy products
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not eat meat
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I do not eat anything that comes from an animal
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | Do you have vegetarian food?
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | Do you have tofu?
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | I want to have fruit salad
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | Does this bread contain any milk or egg?
  | {{N/A}}

|}

== Words ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
  |+ Food items that are suitable for vegetarians and vegans
|-
  ! English
  ! Other language
|-
  | vegetables
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | fruit
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | tofu
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | soy milk
  | {{N/A}}
|-
  | soy cheese
  | {{N/A}}
|}

== Slang ==
* '''Nooch''' - Nutritional yeast. Vegans commonly use this as a substitute for cheese.

== External links ==
* [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] Instructions on how to edit pages like this. It is a good idea to keep the instruction page open in a separate window for quick check of instructions.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>sf6fandulqer0prm08adcnk6w6v72nl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pinyin/News summary/2012</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>283827</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088249</id>
      <parentid>4079832</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:32:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="638901" xml:space="preserve">[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?search=Pinyin+news&amp;title=Special:Search&amp;go=Go&amp;searchToken=2tnf5gu43w8ao6c85ynnxx4vj ''See also'']

{{NOTE|[[Pinyin#Pinyin tone marking|Pinyin tone marking]]}}

====2012-12-31====

=====Iraq cities attacked by a series of deadly explosions=====

yixihlieh zhihmihng baohzhah xirji Iraq cherngshih
&lt;pre&gt;
yixihlieh   zhihmihng baohzhah  xirji  Iraq cherngshih
a series of deadly    explosion attack Iraq city
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 22 people have been killed and tens more injured in a series of explosions across Iraq, officials say.

guanfang shuo: biahnbuh Iraq d yixihlieh baohzhah shasii zhihshaao 22 rern, jii-shir shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: biahnbuh           Iraq d  yixihlieh   baohzhah  shasii zhihshaao 22 rern,   jii-shir     shouhshang.
officials say:  be spread all over Iraq 's a series of explosion kill   at least  22 people, several tens be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Colombia landslide kills 5 in Neiva with 25 missing=====

Colombia Neiva shanbeng, 5 sii 25 shang
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia Neiva shanbeng,  5 sii 25 shang
Colombia Neiva landslide, 5 die 25 injure
&lt;/pre&gt;

Rescue workers in Colombia are looking for at least 25 people missing after a landslide in Huila province, which killed 5 people.

Colombia Huila-sheeng shanbeng, 5 rern siiwarng, jiuhyuarn gongrern zaih sousuoo zhihshaao 25 geh shizongzhee.
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia Huila-sheeng   shanbeng,  5 rern   siiwarng, jiuhyuarn gongrern zaih sousuoo zhihshaao 25 geh shizongzhee.
Colombia Huila province landslide, 5 people die,      rescue    worker   at   search  at least  25     missing people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Egypt allows Gaza supply convoy=====

Egypt yuunxuu Gaza buujir huhharngduih
&lt;pre&gt;
Egypt yuunxuu Gaza buujir huhharngduih
Egypt allow   Gaza supply convoy
&lt;/pre&gt;

Egypt allows a shipment of construction materials to enter Gaza from its territory for the first time since 2007.

Egypt 2007 niarn yiilair shooucih yuunxuu jiahnzhuh cairliaoh zhuangyuhn corng ta d liingtuu jihnruh Gaza.
&lt;pre&gt;
Egypt 2007 niarn yiilair shooucih   yuunxuu jiahnzhuh    cairliaoh zhuangyuhn corng ta d liingtuu  jihnruh Gaza.
Egypt 2007 year  -since  first time allow   construction material  shipment   from  its  territory enter   Gaza.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Libya Coptic church blast kills 2 Egyptians=====

Libya Coptic jiaohtarng zhahsii 2-geh Egypt-rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya Coptic jiaohtarng zhahsii           2-geh Egypt-rern
Libya Coptic church     kill by explosion 2     Egypt people
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 Egyptians have been killed and 2 injured in an attack on a Coptic church near the Libyan city of Misrata, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Libya Misrata-shih fuhjihn Coptic jiaohtarng beih xirji, 2-geh Egypt-rern siiwarng, 2-geh shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Libya Misrata-shih fuhjihn  Coptic jiaohtarng beih xirji,  2-geh Egypt-rern   siiwarng, 2-geh shouhshang.
officials say:  Libya Misrata city vicinity Coptic church     be attacked, 2     Egypt people die,      2     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-30====

=====Nigeria militants &quot;kill 15 Christians by slitting throat&quot;=====

Nigeria wuuzhuang-fehnzii &quot;qiege hourlorng shasii 15 geh Jidutur&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria wuuzhuang-fehnzii &quot;qiege hourlorng shasii 15 geh Jidutur&quot;
Nigeria militant          &quot;cut   throat    kill   15     Christian&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Suspected Islamist militants killed at least 15 Christians in northern Nigeria, slitting the throats of their victims, witnesses said.

muhjizhee shuo: huairyir d Islam wuuzhuang-fehnzii zaih Nigeria beeibuh qiege hourlorng shasii zhihshaao 15 geh Jidutur.
&lt;pre&gt;
muhjizhee shuo: huairyir d Islam wuuzhuang-fehnzii zaih Nigeria beeibuh qiege hourlorng shasii zhihshaao 15 geh Jidutur.
witness   say:  suspected  Islam armed     member  at   Nigeria north   cut   throt     kill   at least  15     Christian.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria government forces retake Homs=====

Syria zhehngfuujun duorhuir Homs
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria zhehngfuujun    duorhuir Homs
Syria government army retake   Homs
&lt;/pre&gt;

Government forces have pushed rebel forces out the Syrian city of Homs after several days of fierce fighting.

jii-tian jilieh zhahndouh zhihouh, pahnjun beih zhehngfuujun gaanchu Syria cherngshih Homs.
&lt;pre&gt;
jii-tian   jilieh zhahndouh zhihouh, pahnjun    beih zhehngfuujun    gaanchu  Syria cherngshih Homs.
server-day fierce fighting  -after,  rebel army by   government army push out Syria city       Homs.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bomb kills Pakistan Shiah pilgrims=====

zhahdahn shasii Shiah charshehngzhee
&lt;pre&gt;
zhahdahn shasii Shiah charshehngzhee
bomb     kill   Shiah pilgrim
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 19 Shiah Muslim pilgrims have been killed by a bomb attack on a bus convoy in southwest Pakistan, local officials say.

dangdih guanfang shuo: Pakistan xinarnbuh zhahdahn xirji bus huhharngduih, shasii zhihshaao 19 geh Shiah-paih Muslim chaorshehngzhee.
&lt;pre&gt;
dangdih guanfang  shuo: Pakistan xinarnbuh zhahdahn xirji  bus huhharngduih, shasii zhihshaao 19 geh Shiah-paih  Muslim 
local   officials say:  Pakistan southwest bomb     attack bus convoy,       kill   at least  19     Shiah-group Muslim 

chaorshehngzhee.
pilgrim.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Militants kill 7 in Nigeria=====

Nigeria wuuzhuang-fehnzii shasii 7 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria wuuzhuang-fehnzii shasii 7 rern
Nigeria militant          kill   7 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Suspected Islamist militants have killed at least 7 people in attacks on two northern Nigerian towns, military spokesmen said.

junfang shuo: huairyir d Islam-zhuuyi wuuzhuang-fehnzii zaih Nigeria beeibuh liaang-geh shihzhehn d xirji, shasii zhihshaao 7 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
junfang      shuo: huairyir d Islam-zhuuyi wuuzhuang-fehnzii zaih Nigeria beeibuh liaang-geh shihzhehn d  xirji,  shasii zhihshaao 
the military say:  suspected  Islamism     armed member      at   Nigeria north   two        town      's attack, kill   at least  

7 rern.
7 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan militants kill at least 20 kidnapped troops=====

Pakistan wuuzhuang-fehnzii shasii zhihshaao 20 geh beih baangjiah junrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan wuuzhuang-fehnzii shasii zhihshaao 20 geh beih baangjiah junrern
Pakistan militant          kill   at least  20     be kidnapped   army
&lt;/pre&gt;

Militants in Pakistan have killed at least 20 of the paramilitary police they seized from checkpoints near Peshawar, officials say.

guanfang shuo: wuuzhuang-fehnzii shasii zhihshaao 20 geh zaih Peshawar fuhjihn jiaancharzhahn beih tamen furluu d zhuunjunshih jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: wuuzhuang-fehnzii shasii zhihshaao 20 geh zaih Peshawar fuhjihn  jiaancharzhahn beih tamen furluu  d  zhuunjunshih 
officials say:  militant          kill   at least  20     at   Peshawar vicinity checkpoint     by   them  capture 's paramilitary 

jiingchar.
police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-29====

=====Central African Republic rebels make fresh advances=====

Zhongfei Gohngherguor pahnjun jihnyibuh tuijihn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongfei       Gohngherguor pahnjun    jihnyibuh tuijihn
Central Africa Republic     rebel army further   move forward
&lt;/pre&gt;

Rebels in the Central African Republic have made fresh gains and are now in control of a key central city, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Zhongfei Gohngherguor pahnjun jihnyibuh tuijihn, duorquu.le yigeh zhuuyaoh zhongxin cherngshih.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Zhongfei       Gohngherguor pahnjun    jihnyibuh tuijihn,      duorquu.le yigeh zhuuyaoh zhongxin cherngshih.
officials say:  Central Africa Republic     rebel army further   move forward, captured   a     main     central  city.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan promises to unblock YouTube=====

Pakistan cherngnuoh jieefeng YouTube
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan cherngnuoh jieefeng YouTube
Pakistan promise    unblock  YouTube
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pakistan's interior minister says he will unblock YouTube in the coming hours, months after it was blocked.

YouTube beih fengsuo duo geh yueh zhihouh, Pakistan neihzhehng buhzhaang shuo huih zaih jii xiaaoshir neih jieefeng.
&lt;pre&gt;
YouTube beih fengsuo duo geh yueh  zhihouh, Pakistan neihzhehng       buhzhaang shuo huih zaih jii     xiaaoshir neih   jieefeng.
YouTube be blocked   many    month -after,  Pakistan domestic affairs minister  say  will at   several hour      inside unblock.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Central African Republic agrees to talks with rebels=====

Zhongfei Gohngherguor torngyih yuu pahnjun tarnpahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongfei       Gohngherguor torngyih yuu  pahnjun    tarnpahn
Central Africa Republic     agree    with rebel army negotiate
&lt;/pre&gt;

The government of the Central African Republic and a rebel coalition have agreed to hold talks after weeks of unrest.

duo geh xingqi dohngluahn zhihouh, Zhongfei Gohngherguor zhehngfuu her pahnjun liarnmerng tornghih tarnpahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
duo geh xingqi dohngluahn zhihouh, Zhongfei       Gohngherguor zhehngfuu  her pahnjun    liarnmerng tornghih tarnpahn.
many    week   unrest     -after,  Central Africa Republic     government and rebel army coalition  agree    negotiate.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China tightens rules on Internet=====

Zhongguor shoujiin Internet faalih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor shoujiin Internet faalih
China     tighten  Internet rules
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's new leadership tightens laws on Internet usage and enforces a previous rule for Internet users to give their real names to service providers.

Zhongguor xin liingdaaocerng shoujiin Internet shiiyohng d faalvh, guidihng yohnghuh bihxu tirgong zhenshir mirngzih geei Internet gongyihngshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor xin liingdaaocerng shoujiin Internet shiiyohng d  faalvh, guidihng  yohnghuh bihxu tirgong zhenshir mirngzih geei 
China     new leadership     tighten  Internet usage     's law,    stipulate user     must  provide real     name     to   

Internet gongyihngshang.
Internet supplier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-28====

=====Japan data affirms weak economy=====

Rihbeen ziliaoh zhehngshir jingjih pirruoh
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen ziliaoh zhehngshir jingjih pirruoh
Japan   data    affirm     economy weak
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japan announces weak economic data, increasing the pressure the new government faces in reviving economic growth.

Ribeen gongbuh pirruoh jingjih shuhjuh, zengjia xin zhehngfuu miahnduih huifuh jingjih zengzhaang d yalih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ribeen gongbuh  pirruoh jingjih shuhjuh, zengjia  xin zhehngfuu  miahnduih huifuh jingjih zengzhaang d  yalih.
Japan  announce weak    economy data,    increase new government to face   revive economy growth     's pressure.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-27====

=====Pakistan militants &quot;seize police&quot;=====

Pakistan wuuzhuang-fehnzii &quot;furluu jiingchar&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan wuuzhuang-fehnzii &quot;furluu  jiingchar&quot;
Pakistan militant          &quot;capture police&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 22 police have been kidnapped by suspected militants in Pakistan, government say.

zhehngfuu shuo: huairyir d Pakistan wuuzhuang-fehnzii baangjiah zhihshaao 22 geh jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
zhehngfuu  shuo: huairyir d Pakistan wuuzhuang-fehnzii baangjiah zhihshaao 22 geh jiingchar.
government say:  suspected  Pakistan militant          kidnap    at least  22     police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-26====

=====China opens world's longest high-speed rail route=====

Zhongguor shihjieh zuihcharng gaosuh tieeluh tongche
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor shihjieh zuihcharng gaosuh     tieeluh tongche
China     world    longest    high speed railway be open to traffic
&lt;/pre&gt;

China has officially opened the world's longest high-speed rail route, linking the capital Beijing with the southern commercial hub of Guangzhou.

liarnjie shooudu Beeijing yuu narnfang shangyeh zhongxin Guaangzhou d Zhongguor shihjieh zuihcharng gaosuh tieeluh zhehngshih tongche.
&lt;pre&gt;
liarnjie shooudu                Beeijing yuu  narnfang shangyeh zhongxin Guaangzhou d  Zhongguor shihjieh zuihcharng gaosuh     
link     capital (of a country) Beijing  with south    commerce center   Guangzhou  's China     world    longest    high speed 

tieeluh zhehngshih tongche.
railway officially be open to traffic.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Voters back Egyptian constitution=====

tourpiaohrern zhichir Egypt xiahnfaa
&lt;pre&gt;
tourpiaohrern zhichir Egypt xiahnfaa
voter         support Egypt constitution
&lt;/pre&gt;

Nearly two-thirds of voters in an Egyptian referendum have supported a proposed new constitution, the election commission has announced.

xuaanjuu weeiyuarnhuih xuanbuh: jiejihn 3 fenzhi 2 Egypt gongtour tourpiaohrern zhichir jiahnyih d xin xiahnfaa.
&lt;pre&gt;
xuaanjuu weeiyuarnhuih xuanbuh:  jiejihn 3 fenzhi 2 Egypt gongtour   tourpiaohrern zhichir jiahnyih d xin xiahnfaa.
election commission    announce: near    two-thirds Egypt referendum voter         support proposed   new constitution.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-25====

=====5 die in Ukraine helicopter crash=====

Ukraine zhirshengji zhuihhuii, 5 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Ukraine zhirshengji zhuihhuii,      5 sii
Ukraine helicopter  fall and crash, 5 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Ukrainian helicopter belonging to the interior ministry crashes in the centre of the country, killing all 5 people on board, officials say.

guanfang sho: Ukraine zhongbuh yi jiah neihzhehngbuh zhirshengji zhuihhuii, jishahng 5 rern quarnbuh siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  sho: Ukraine zhongbuh     yi jiah neihzhehngbuh     zhirshengji zhuihhuii,      jishahng    5 rern   quarnbuh siiwarng.
officials say: Ukraine central part a       interior ministry helicopter  fall and crash, on airplane 5 people all      die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Kazakhstan plane crash &quot;kills 27&quot;=====

Kazakhstan kongnahn &quot;27 sii&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Kazakhstan kongnahn          &quot;27 sii&quot;
Kazakhstan airplane disaster &quot;27 die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A military plane said to be carrying the acting head of Kazakhstan's border security service crashes, killing all 27 people on board, reports say.

juh baohdaao: juhshuo zaih.zhe daihlii bianfarng buhzhaang d junji zhuihhuii, jishahng 27 rern quarnbuh siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
juh baohdaao:        juhshuo         zaih.zhe daihlii bianfarng      buhzhaang d  junji          zhuihhuii, jishahng    27 rern   
according to report: it is said that carrying acting  border defence minister  's military plane crash,     on airplane 27 people 

quarnbuh siiwarng.
all      die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Nigeria gunmen &quot;kill at least 6 Christians&quot;=====

Nigeria qiangshoou &quot;shasii zhihshaao 6 geh Jidutur&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria qiangshoou &quot;shasii zhihshaao 6 geh Jidutur&quot;
Nigeria gunman     &quot;kill   at least  6     Christian&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen in the northern Nigerian state of Yobe have shot dead at least 6 Christians, the army and local officials say.

junfang her dangdih guanfang shuo: qiangshoou zaih Nigeria beeibuh Yobe-zhou qiangsha zhihshaao 6 geh Jidutur.
&lt;pre&gt;
junfang      her dangdih guanfang  shuo: qiangshoou zaih Nigeria beeibuh Yobe-zhou  qiangsha   zhihshaao 6 geh Jidutur.
the military and local   officials say:  gunman     at   Nigeria north   Yobe state shoot dead at least  6     Christian.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US firefighters killed in &quot;ambush&quot;=====

US xiaofarngyuarn &quot;beih furji&quot; siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
US xiaofarngyuarn &quot;beih furji&quot;  siiwarng
US firefighter    &quot;be ambushed&quot; die
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 US volunteer firefighters have been shot dead and 2 injured in the town of Webster in New York state.

New York-zhou Webster-zhehn 2 geh US xiaofarngyuarn beih qiangsha, lihngwaih 2 geh shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
New York-zhou  Webster-zhehn 2 geh US xiaofarngyuarn beih qiangsha, lihngwaih   2 geh shouhshang.
New York state Webster town  2     US firefighter    be shot dead,  in addition 2     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-24====

=====Eastern Europe severe cold leaves 220 died=====

Dong OU yarnharn, 220 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Dong OU     yarnharn,    220 sii
East Europe severe cold, 220 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Freezing weather in eastern Europe has claimed at least 220 lives this month, most of them in the former USSR.

Dong Ou yarnharn, zhehgeh yueh zhihshaao dohngsii 220 rern (dahbuhfehn zaih qiarn Suliarn).
&lt;pre&gt;
Dong Ou     yarnharn,    zhehgeh yueh  zhihshaao dohngsii        220 rern   (dahbuhfehn zaih qiarn  Suliarn).
East Europe severe cold, this    month at least  freeze to death 220 people (most       at   former USSR).
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China school bus crash kills 11 children in Jiangxi=====

Zhongguor Jiangxi xiaohche zhuahnghuii, 11 errtorng sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Jiangxi xiaohche   zhuahnghuii, 11 errtorng sii
China     Jiangxi school bus crash,       11 child    die
&lt;/pre&gt;

11 children have been killed in China when the van taking them to school crashed, Chinese state media have reported.

Zhongguor guorjia meirtii baohdaao: miahnbaoche quh xuerxiaoh turzhong zhuahnghuii, che-shahng 11 errtorng siiwaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor guorjia meirtii baohdaao: miahnbaoche quh   xuerxiaoh turzhong   zhuahnghuii, che-shahng 11 errtorng siiwaang.
China     state   media   report:   minibus     go to school    on the way crash,       car-on     11 child    die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghanistan attacks kill US senior official and 5 police=====

Afghanistan xirji shasii US gaoguan her 5 geh jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan xirji  shasii US gaoguan       her 5 geh jiingchar
Afghanistan attack kill   US high official and 5     police
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Nato adviser is shot dead by a policewoman in Kabul, and 5 Afghanistan police are killed in a separate attack in the north.

Kabul Nato guhwehn beih nvvjiing qiangsha; beeibuh lihngyi cih xirji shasii 5 geh Afghanistan jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kabul Nato guhwehn beih nvvjiing    qiangsha;   beeibuh lihngyi cih xirji  shasii 5 geh Afghanistan jiingchar.
Kabul Nato adviser by   policewoman shoot dead; north   another     attack kill   5     Afghanistan police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghanistan policewoman &quot;kills US military adviser&quot;=====

Afghanistan nvvjiing &quot;shasii US junshih guhwehn&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan nvvjiing    &quot;shasii US junshih  guhwehn&quot;
Afghanistan policewoman &quot;kill   US military adviser&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

An Afghanistan policewoman has killed a US military adviser at police headquarters in Kabul, Afghanistan officials say.

Afghanistan guanfang shuo: Kabul jiingchar zoongbuh yigeh Afghanistan nvvjiing shasii yigeh US junshih guhwehn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan guanfang  shuo: Kabul jiingchar zoongbuh     yigeh Afghanistan nvvjiing    shasii yigeh US junshih  guhwehn.
Afghanistan officials say:  Kabul police    headquarters a     Afghanistan policewoman kill   a     US military adviser.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====4 Mexican police officers killed in ambush=====

4 geh Mexico jiingchar beih furji siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
4 geh Mexico jiingchar beih furji  siiwarng
4     Mexico police    be ambushed die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen have ambushed and shot dead 4 policemen and injured another 5 in central Mexico, officials have said.

guanfang shuo: qiangshoou zaih Mexico zhongbuh mairfur; 4 geh jiingchar beih qiangsha, 5 geh shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: qiangshoou zaih Mexico zhongbuh        mairfur; 4 geh jiingchar beih qiangsha, 5 geh shouhshang.
officials say:  gunman     at   Mexico central section ambush;  4     police    be shot dead,  5     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Timbuktu mausoleums &quot;destroyed&quot;=====

Timbuktu lirngmuh beih-huii
&lt;pre&gt;
Timbuktu lirngmuh  beih-huii
Timbuktu mausoleum be destroyed
&lt;/pre&gt;

Islamists in Mali have begun destroying remaining mausoleums in the historic city of Timbuktu, an Islamist leader and a tourism official said.

Islam-zhuuyih liingxiuh her lvvyouryeh guanyuarn shuo: Mali Islam-zhuuyihzhee kaishii cuihuii lihshii cherngshih Timbuktu shehngyur d lirngmuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Islam-zhuuyih liingxiuh her lvvyouryeh guanyuarn shuo: Mali Islam-zhuuyihzhee kaishii cuihuii lihshii cherngshih Timbuktu 
Islamism      leader    and tourism    official  say:  Mali Islamist          begin   destroy history city       timbuktu 

shehngyur d lirngmuh.
remaining   mausoleum.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Rebels in Central African Republic take city of Bambari=====

Zhongfei Gohngherguor pahnjun quuder Bambari-cherng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongfei       Gohngherguor pahnjun    quuder Bambari-cherng
Central Africa Republic     rebel army take   Bambari city
&lt;/pre&gt;

Rebels in the Central African Republic (CAR) have seized the key city of Bambari.

Zhongfei Gohngherguor pahnjun (CAR) duorquu zhuuyaoh cherngshih Bambari.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongfei       Gohngherguor pahnjun (CAR)    duorquu zhuuyaoh cherngshih Bambari.
Central Africa Republic     rebel army (CAR) capture main     city       Bambari.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-23====

=====Air strike on bakery &quot;kills dozens&quot;=====

kongxir miahnbaodiahn, &quot;duo rern sii&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
kongxir    miahnbaodiahn, &quot;duo rern sii&quot;
air strike bakery,        &quot;many people die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Dozens of people are killed in an air strike on a bakery in the town of Halfaya, in the central Syrian province of Hama, activists say.

huoryueh-fehnzii shuo: Syria zhongbuh Hama-sheeng Halfaya-zhehn yi-jian miahnbaodiahn beih kongxir, jii-shir rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
huoryueh-fehnzii shuo: Syria zhongbuh        Hama-sheeng   Halfaya-zhehn yi-jian miahnbaodiahn beih kongxir,    jii-shir     
active-member    say:  Syria central section Hama province Halfaya town  a       bakery        be air attacked, several tens 

rern   siiwarng.
people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-22====

=====Wikileaks would &quot;release million more files&quot;=====

Wikileaks huih &quot;duo fabuh baaiwahn dahng'ahn&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Wikileaks huih  &quot;duo  fabuh baaiwahn dahng'ahn&quot;
Wikileaks would &quot;more issue million  file
&lt;/pre&gt;

Wikileaks founder Julian Assange said his work &quot;will not be threatened,&quot; as he promised the whistle-blowing website would release a million more documents.

Wikileaks chuahngbahnrern Julian Assange shuo: ta d gongzuoh &quot;buhuih beih weixier&quot;, xuunuoh tamen d waangzhahn huih duo jiefa baaiwahn geh wernjiahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Wikileaks chuahngbahnrern Julian Assange shuo: ta d gongzuoh &quot;buhuih beih weixier&quot;,  xuunuoh tamen d waangzhahn huih  duo  jiefa  
Wikileaks founder         Julian Assange say:  his  work     &quot;won't  be threatened&quot;, promise their   website    would more expose 

baaiwahn geh wernjiahn.
million      file.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan rally hit by deadly blast=====

Pakistan jirhuih zhihmihng baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan jirhuih zhihmihng baohzhah
Pakistan rally   deadly    blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber kills at least 8 people, including a senior minister, at a political rally in the north-western Pakistani city of Peshawar.

Pakistan xibeei cherngshih Peshawar zhehngzhih jirhuih, zihsha zhahdahn zhahsii zhihshaao 8 rern, baokuoh yigeh gaojir dahchern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan xibeei    cherngshih Peshawar zhehngzhih jirhuih, zihsha  zhahdahn zhahsii    zhihshaao 8 rern,   baokuoh yigeh gaojir 
Pakistan northwest city       Peshawar politics   rally,   suicide bomb     blast dead at least  8 people, include a     senior 

dahchern.
minister.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UN peacekeeper kills colleagues=====

UN weirher-shihbing shasii torngshih
&lt;pre&gt;
UN weirher-shihbing     shasii torngshih
UN peacekeeping soldier kill   colleague
&lt;/pre&gt;

4 UN peacekeepers have been killed and 1 injured after a peacekeeper opened fire in Sudan's Darfur region.

Sudan Darfur dihqu yigeh UN weirher-shihbing qiangsha 4 geh torngshih, 1 geh shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Sudan Darfur dihqu  yigeh UN weirher-shihbing qiangsha   4 geh torngshih, 1 geh shouhshang.
Sudan Darfur region a     UN peacekeeper      shoot dead 4     colleague, 1     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-21====

=====83 die in Ukraine's severe cold=====

Ukraine yarnharn, 83 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Ukraine yarnharn,    83 sii
Ukraine severe cold, 83 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 83 people have died in Ukraine's severe cold, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Ukraine yarnharn daaozhih zuihshaao 83 rern sii.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Ukraine yarnharn    daaozhih zuihshaao 83 rern   sii.
officials say:  Ukraine severe cold to cause at least  83 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====South Sudan army &quot;shoots down UN helicopter&quot;=====

South Sudan junduih &quot;jiluoh UN zhirshengji&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
South Sudan junduih &quot;jiluoh     UN zhirshengji&quot;
South Sudan army    &quot;shoot down UN helicopter&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The United Nations says a helicopter from its peacekeeping mission in South Sudan has been shot down by the army, killing all 4 crew members on board.

Liarnherguor shuo: ta d yi jiah zaih South Sudan weirchir herpirng d zhirshengji beih junduih jiluoh, jishahng quarnbuh 4 geh jiyuarn siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Liarnherguor   shuo: ta d yi jiah zaih South Sudan weirchir herpirng d  zhirshengji beih junduih jiluoh,     jishahng    quarnbuh 
United Nations say:  its  a       at   South Sudan keep     peace    's helicopter  by   army    shoot down, on airplane all      

4 geh jiyuarn     siiwarng.
4     crew member die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Kenya clashes leave dozens dead=====

Kenya chongtu, jii-shir sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya chongtu, jii-shir sii
Kenya clash,   several tens die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 39 people have been killed in clashes between rival communities in the Tana River district of Kenya's Coast province, police say.

jiingfang shuo: zaih Kenya d Coast sheeng d Tana River dihqu, dirduih shehqu d chongtu zaohcherng zhihshaao 39 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
jiingfang shuo: zaih Kenya d Coast sheeng   d  Tana River dihqu,    dirduih shehqu    d  chongtu zaohcherng zhihshaao 39 rern   
police    say:  at   Kenya's Coast province 's Tana River district, hostile community 's clash   to cause   at least  39 people 

siiwarng.
die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-20====

=====Almost 1,000 Doomsday believers arrested in China=====

Zhongguor jihn-qian geh Mohrih xihntur beihbuu
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor jihn-qian geh Mohrih   xihntur  beihbuu
China     near thousand Doomsday believer be arrested
&lt;/pre&gt;

Police in China have arrested nearly 1,000 Doomsday believers for spreading that the end of the world is coming soon.

Zhongguor gong'an daihbuu jihn-qiarn geh sahnbo Shihjieh Mohrih jirjiang daohlair d Mohrih xihntur.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor gong'an         daihbuu jihn-qiarn geh sahnbo Shihjieh Mohrih  jirjiang daohlair d  Mohrih   xihntur.
China     public security arrest  near thousand  spread world    End Day soon     arrive   's Doomsday believer.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Boat capsizes off Somalia, killing 55=====

Somalia chernchuarn, 55 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Somalia chernchuarn, 55 sii
Somalia shipwreck,   55 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 55 people are believed to have drowned after a boat capsized off the coast of Somalia, the UN says.

UN shuo: Somalia haaimiahn chernchuarn, zhihshaao 55 rern xiangdih nibih.
&lt;pre&gt;
UN shuo: Somalia haaimiahn     chernchuarn, xiangdih zhihshaao 55 rern   nibih.
UN say:  Somalia off the coast shipwreck,   believe  at least  55 people drown.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-19====

=====EU plans tougher tobacco health warnings=====

EU jihhuah jiaqiarng yarncaao jiahnkang jiinggaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
EU jihhuah jiaqiarng  yarncaao jiahnkang jiinggaoh
EU plan    strengthen tobacco  health    warning
&lt;/pre&gt;

Cigarette packs sold in the EU will have to have bigger health warnings in text and pictures, under proposals from the EU Commission.

EU weeiyuarnhuih tiryih: zaih EU shouhmaih d xiangyan baozhuang bihxu yoou gehng dah d wernzih her turhuah jiahnkang jiinggaoh.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU Weeiyuarnhuih tiryih:  zaih EU shouhmaih d  xiangyan  baozhuang bihxu yoou gehng dah d wernzih her turhuah jiahnkang jiinggaoh.
EU Commission    propose: at   EU sell      's cigarette package   must  have more  big   text    and picture health    warning.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====3,800 UK troops will leave Afghanistan=====

3,800 Yingjun huih lirkai Afghanistan
&lt;pre&gt;
3,800 Yingjun huih lirkai Afghanistan
3,800 UK army will leave  Afghanistan
&lt;/pre&gt;

Prime Minister David Cameron said that nearly 4,000 British troops will be withdrawn from Afghanistan next year.

David Cameron shoouxiahng shuo mirngniarn huih corng Afghanistan chehzoou chahbuduo 4,000 geh Yingjun.
&lt;pre&gt;
David Cameron shoouxiahng    shuo mirngniarn huih corng Afghanistan chehzoou chahbuduo 4,000 geh Yingjun.
David Cameron prime minister say  next year  will from  Afghanistan withdraw nearly    4,000     UK army.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-18====

=====Central African Republic rebel army capture diamond-mine town=====

Zhongfei Gohngherguor pahnjun duorquu zuahnshir kuahngcherng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongfei       Gohngherguor pahnjun    duorquu zuahnshir kuahngcherng
Central Africa Republic     rebel army capture diamond   mining town
&lt;/pre&gt;

Rebel forces in the Central African Republic (CAR) have captured Bria, a key mining town in a diamond-rich region.

Zhongfei Gohngherguor (CAR) pahnjun duorquu zuahnshir-fengfuh dihqu d zhuuyaoh kuahngcherng Bria.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongfei        Gohngherguor (CAR) pahnjun      duorquu zuahnshir-fengfuh dihqu  d  zhuuyaoh kuahngcherng Bria.
Central  Africa Republic     (CAR) rebel troops capture diamond-rich      region 's main     mining town  Bria.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Vaccination workers are shot dead=====

jiezhohng gongrern beih qiangsha
&lt;pre&gt;
jiezhohng   gongrern beih qiangsha
vaccination worker   be shot to dead by gun
&lt;/pre&gt;

5 Pakistani polio vaccination woman workers are killed in gun attack in Karachi.

Karachi 5 geh Pakistan polio jiezhohng nvvgong beih qiangsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Karachi 5 geh Pakistan polio jiezhohng   nvvgong       beih qiangsha.
Karachi 5     Pakistan polio vaccination female worker be shot to dead by gun.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====6 Hyundai workers kidnapped in Nigeria=====

Nigeria 6 geh Hyundai gongrern beih baangjiah
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria 6 geh Hyundai gongrern beih baangjiah
Nigeria 6     Hyundai worker   be kidnapped
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen in southern Nigeria have kidnapped 4 foreigners and 2 Nigerians employed by South Korean company Hyundai, police say.

jiingfang shuo: Nigeria narnbuh qiangshoou baangjiah Harnguor gongsi Hyundai guhyohng d 4 geh waihguor her 2 geh Nigeria rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
jiingfang shuo: Nigeria narnbuh qiangshoou baangjiah Harnguor    gongsi  Hyundai guhyohng d  4 geh waihguor her 2 geh Nigeria 
police    say:  Nigeria south   gunman     kidnap    South Korea company Hyundai employ   's 4     foreign  and 2     Nigeria 

rern.
people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====EU and Singapore reach trade agreement=====

EU yuu Singapore darcherng maohyih xieryih
&lt;pre&gt;
EU yuu  Singapore darcherng maohyih xieryih
EU with Singapore reach     trade   agreement
&lt;/pre&gt;

The EU and Singapore reach a free-trade agreement - the second such agreement between the EU and a major Asian trading partner.

EU yuu Singapore darcherng zihyour maohyih xieryih, yuu zhuuyaoh Yahzhou maohyih huoobahn d dih-2 geh tornglei xieryih.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU yuu  Singapore darcherng zihyour maohyih xieryih,   yuu  zhuuyaoh Yahzhou maohyih huoobahn d  dih-2 geh  tornglei  
EU with Singapore reach     free    trade   agreement, with major    Asia    trade   partner  's the second same kind 

xieryih.
agreement.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-17====

=====North Iraq bomb attacks kill 25=====

Iraq beeibuh zhahdahn xirji, 25 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq beeibuh zhahdahn xirji,  25 sii
Iraq north   bomb     attack, 25 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 25 people have been killed and dozens wounded in a series of bomb blasts in northern Iraq, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Iraq beeibuh yixihlieh zhahdahn baohzhah; zhihshaao 25 sii, jii-shir shang.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Iraq beeibuh yixihlieh   zhahdahn baohzhah; zhihshaao 25 sii, jii-shir     shang.
officials say:  Iraq north   a series of bomb     blast;    at least  25 die, several tens injure.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghanistan landmine blast kills girls=====

Afghanistan dihleir zhahsii nvvhair
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan dihleir  zhahsii             nvvhair
Afghanistan landmine kill (by explosion) girl
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 9 young girls are killed and 2 others injured in a landmine explosion in eastern Afghanistan, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh dihleir zhahsii zhihshaao 9 geh shaohnvv, lihngwaih 2 geh shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh dihleir  zhahsii             zhihshaao 9 geh shaohnvv,    lihngwaih   2 geh shouhshang.
officials say:  Afghanistan east    landmine kill (by explosion) at least  9     young girls, in addition 2     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Car bomb attacks Pakistan market=====

qihche zhahdahn xirji Pakistan shihchaang
&lt;pre&gt;
qihche zhahdahn xirji  Pakistan shihchaang
car    bomb     attack Pakistan market
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 17 people are killed and dozens injured in a car bomb attack on a market in the Khyber tribal region of north-west Pakistan, officials say.

guanfang shuo: qicheche zhahdahn xirji Pakistan xibeeibuh Khyber buhluoh dihqu shihchaang; zhihshaao 17 rern sii, jii-shir shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: qicheche zhahdahn xirji  Pakistan xibeeibuh Khyber buhluoh dihqu  shihchaang; zhihshaao 17 rern   sii, jii-shir shouhshang.
officials say:  car      bomb     attack Pakistan northwest Khyber tribe   region market;     at least  17 people die, several tens be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Damascus refugee camp &quot;attacked&quot;=====

Damascus nahnmirnyirng &quot;beih xirji&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Damascus nahnmirnyirng &quot;beih xirji&quot;
Damascus refugee camp  &quot;be attacked&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Palestinian refugee camp in the Syrian capital Damascus has been attacked, activists say, causing an unknown number of casualties.

huoryueh-fehnzii shuo: Syria shooudu Damascus d Palestine nahnmirnyirng beih xirji, shangwarng buxiarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
huoryueh fehnzii shuo: Syria shooudu Damascus d  Palestine nahnmirnyirng beih xirji,  shangwarng       buxiarng.
activist         say:  Syria capital Damascus 's Palestine refugee camp  be attacked, injury and death unknown.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-16====

=====North Korea rally celebrate rocket success=====

Chaorxian jirhuih qihngzhuh huoojiahn chernggong
&lt;pre&gt;
Chaorxian jirhuih qihngzhuh huoojiahn chernggong
North Korea rally celebrate rocket    success
&lt;/pre&gt;

North Korea has held a mass rally in Pyongyang to celebrate long-range rocket launch success.

Chaorxian Pyongyang qurnzhohng jirhuih qihngzhuh yuaancherng huoojiahn fasheh chernggong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Chaorxian   Pyongyang qurnzhohng jirhuih qihngzhuh yuaancherng huoojiahn fasheh chernggong.
North Korea Pyongyang mass       rally   celebrate long-range  rocket    launch sucess.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Japan's Liberal Democratic Party leader vows tough China line=====

Rihbeen Zihmirndaang liingxiuh shihyarn qiarngyihng Zhongguor luhxiahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen Zihmirndaang             liingxiuh shihyarn qiarngyihng Zhongguor luhxiahn
Japan   Liberal Democratic Party leader    vow      tough       China     line
&lt;/pre&gt;

The leader of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has vowed to take a tough stance in territorial disputes with China.

Rihbeen Zihmirndaang (LDP) liingxiuh shihyarn yuu Zhongguor liingtuu zhengyih caaiquu qiarngyihng lihchaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen Zihmirndaang (LDP)             liingxiuh shihyarn yuu  Zhongguor liingtuu  zhengyih caaiquu qiarngyihng lihchaang.
Japan   Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) leader    vow      with China     territory dispute  take    tough       stance.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Philippines typhoon death number of people more than 1,000=====

Philippines tairfeng siiwarng rernshuh chaoguoh 1,000
&lt;pre&gt;
Philippines tairfeng siiwarng rernshuh         chaoguoh 1,000
Philippines typhoon  death    number of people exceed   1,000
&lt;/pre&gt;

The number of people killed after Typhoon Bopha attacked the southern Philippines has risen to more than 1,000, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Philippines narnbuh Typhoon Bopha xirji d siiwarng rernshuh shahngsheng chaoguoh 1,000.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Philippines narnbuh Typhoon Bopha xirji  d  siiwarng rernshuh         shahngsheng chaoguoh  1,000.
officials say:  Philippines south   Typhoon Bopha attack 's death    number of people rise        more than 1,000.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-15====

=====China primary school hit by knife attack=====

Zhongguor xiaaoxuer beih dao xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor xiaaoxuer      beih dao   xirji
Zhongguor primary school by   knife attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

A man with a knife has wounded 22 children and an adult at a primary school in central China, media report.

meirtii baohdaao: narnzii xirji Zhongguor zhongbuh xiaoxuer, daoshang 22 errtorng her yigeh cherngrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
meirtii baohdaao: narnzii xirji  Zhongguor zhongbuh        xiaoxuer,       daoshang     22 errtorng her yigeh cherngrern.
media   report:   man     attack China     central section primary school, knife injure 22 child    and a     adult.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan airport attack kills 10 and injures many=====

Pakistan jichaang xirji, 10 sii, duo shang
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan jichaang xirji, 10 sii, duo  shang
Pakistan airport  attck, 10 die, many injure
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 people are killed and more than 40 injured after militants attacked Peshawar airport in Pakistan.

wuuzhuang-fehnzii xirji Pakistan Peshawar jichaang; zhihshaao 2 sii, 40 shang.
&lt;pre&gt;
wuuzhuang-fehnzii xirji  Pakistan Peshawar jichaang; zhihshaao 2 sii, 40 shang.
militant          attack Pakistan Peshawar airport;  at least  2 die, 40 injure.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-14====

=====US primary school shooting kills 27=====

US xiaaoxuer qiangji, 27 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
US xiaaoxuer qiangji,  27 sii
US primary   shooting, 27 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

20 children, 6 adults and the gunman die in a shooting attack at a primary school in the US state of Connecticut, police say.

jiingfang shuo: US Connecticut zhou xiaaoxuer qiangji; 20 geh errtorng, 6 geh cherngrern, her qiarngshoou siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
jiingfang shuo: US Connecticut zhou  xiaaoxuer      qiangji;  20 geh errtorng, 6 geh cherngrern, her qiarngshoou siiwarng.
police    say:  US Connecticut state primary school shooting; 20     child,    6     adult,      and gunman      die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Japan accuses China of &quot;airspace intrusion&quot;=====

Rihbeen zhiizer Zhongguor &quot;qinruh liingkong&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen zhiizer Zhongguor &quot;qinruh       liingkong&quot;
Japan   accuse   China    &quot;intrude into airspace&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japan has accused China of &quot;violating its airspace&quot; for the first time after a Chinese government plane flew near disputed East China Sea islands.

Zhongguor zhehngfuu feiji feiruh yoou zhengyih d Dong Haai daaoyuu fuhjihn zhihouh, Ribeen shooucih zhiizer Zhongguor &quot;qinfahn ta d liingkong&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor zhehngfuu  feiji feiruh   yoou zhengyih d  Dong Haai daaoyuu fuhjihn  zhihouh, Ribeen shooucih   zhiizer 
China     government plane fly into have dispute  's East Sea  island  vicinity -after,  Japan  first time accuse  

Zhongguor &quot;qinfahn ta d liingkong&quot;.
China     &quot;violate its  airspace&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-13====

=====Hamas organizes first West Bank rally in five years=====

Hamas 5 niarn lair shoocih West Bank jirhuih
&lt;pre&gt;
Hamas 5 niarn lair   shoocih    West Bank jirhuih
Hamas 5 year  -since first time West Bank rally
&lt;/pre&gt;

Thousands of Palestinians have joined the first mass rally organized by Hamas in the West Bank since 2007.

jiiqiarn Palestine-rern canjia Hamas 07 niarn yiilair West Bank shooucih juubahn d qurnzhohng jirhuih.
&lt;pre&gt;
jiiqiarn          Palestine-rern   canjia Hamas 07  niarn yiilair West Bank shooucih   juubahn  d  qurnzhohng jirhuih.
several thousands Palestine people joine  Hamas '07 year  -since  West Bank first time organize 's mass       rally.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eurozone reaches bank agreement=====

Euro-qu darcherng yirnharng xieryih
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro-qu  darcherng yirnharng xieryih
Eurozone reach     bank      agreement
&lt;/pre&gt;

EU leaders have reached an agreement in a Brussels summit on centralized supervision of Eurozone banks, seen as a key integration step.

Brussels fenghuih EU liingxiu darchenrg Euro-qu  yirnharng zhongyang guaanlii xieryih, beih kahnzuoh yitiihuah zhohngyaoh yi buh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Brussels fenghuih EU liingxiu darchenrg Euro-qu  yirnharng zhongyang           guaanlii    xieryih,   beih kahnzuoh  yitiihuah  
Brussels summit   EU leaders  reach     Eurozone bank      central authorities supervision agreement, be regarded as interation 

zhohngyaoh yi buh.
important  a  step.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US soldier killed in Afghanistan=====

Afghanistan Meeijun beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan Meeijun    beihsha
Afghanistan US soldier be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

A US soldier is killed in a suicide bomb attack at a Nato airbase outside the Afghanistan city of Kandahar.

Afghanistan cherngshih Kandahar waihmiahn Nato kongjun jidih, zihsha zhahdahn zhahsii yigeh Meeijun.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan cherngshih Kandahar waihmiahn Nato kongjun   jidih, zihsha zhahdahn zhahsii           yigeh Meeijun.
Afghanistan city       Kandahar outside   Nato air force base,  sucide bomb     kill by explosion a     US soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria government &quot;may be defeated&quot;=====

Syria zhehngfuu &quot;keenerng beih jibaih&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria zhehngfuu &quot;keenerng beih jibaih&quot;
Syria government &quot;may     be defeated&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Russian official has said for the first time that the Syrian government may be defeated by rebel forces.

Russia guanyuarn shooucih shuo, Syria zhehngfuu keenerng beih pahnjun jibaih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Russia guanyuarn shooucih   shuo, Syria zhehngfuu  keenerng beih pahnjun      jibaih.
Russia official  first time say,  Syria government probably by   rebel forces defeat.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Egypt court jails atheistic blogger=====

Egypt faatirng jianjihn wurshernluhn blogger
&lt;pre&gt;
Egypt faatirng jianjihn wurshernluhn blogger
Egypt court    to jail  atheism      blogger
&lt;/pre&gt;

A court in Egypt sentences an atheist blogger to 3 years in prison for &quot;blasphemy and contempt of religion&quot;.

Egypt faayuahn pahnjuer yigeh wurshernluhn blogger zuohlaor 3 niarn, liryour shih &quot;xiehdur Shahngdih her qingshih zongjiaoh&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
Egypt faayuahn pahnjuer    yigeh wurshernluhn blogger zuohlaor     3 niarn, liryour shih &quot;xiehdur   Shahngdih her qingshih 
Egypt court    to sentence a     atheism      blogger be in prison 3 year,  reason  is   &quot;blaspheme God       and despise  

zongjiaoh&quot;.
religion&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-12====

=====Syria interior ministry hit by explosions=====

Syria neihzhehngbuh beihzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria neihzhehngbuh     beihzhah
Syria interior ministry be blasted
&lt;/pre&gt;

The building of the Syrian interior ministry in the capital Damascus is attacked by 3 explosions, Syria television reports.

Syria diahnshih baohdaao: Syria shooudu Damascus neihzhehngbuh dahlour beih 3 cih baohzhah xirji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria diahnshih  baohdaao: Syria shooudu Damascus neihzhehngbuh     dahlour beih 3 cih baohzhah  xirji.
Syria television report:   Syria capital Damascus interior ministry mansion by   3     explosion attack.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====North Korea launches rocket=====

Chaorxian fasheh huoojiahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Chaorxian   fasheh   huoojiahn
North Korea launches rocket
&lt;/pre&gt;

North Korea has launched a rocket, South Korea and Japan report.  North Korea says its rocket is putting a satellite into space.

Harnguor her Rihbeen baohdaao Chaorxian fasheh le huoojiahn.  Chaorxian shuo huoojiahn yohngyur song weihxing shahng taihkong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Harnguor    her Rihbeen baohdaao Chaorxian   fasheh le huoojiahn.  Chaorxian   shuo huoojiahn yohngyur song weihxing  shahng   
South Korea and Japan   report   North Korea launched  rocket.     North Korea say  rocket    use for  send satellite go up to 

taihkong.
space.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly shooting at US Oregon mall=====

US Oregon shangchaang d zhihmihng qiangji
&lt;pre&gt;
US Oregon shangchaang    d zhihmihng qiangji
US Oregon shopping mall 's deadly    shooting
&lt;/pre&gt;

A gunman opens fire at a shopping center near Portland, Oregon, police say, killing at least 2 people and injuring others.

jiingfang shuo: Oregon Portland fuhjihn shangchaang qiangshoou kaihuoo, zhihshaao 2 rern siiwarng, duo rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
jiingfang shuo: Oregon Portland fuhjihn  shangchaang   qiangshoou kaihuoo,   zhihshaao 2 rern   siiwarng, duo  rern shouhshang.
police    say:  Oregon Portland vicinity shopping mall gunman     open fire, at least  2 people die,      many people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-11====

=====Syria refugees number &quot;more than 500,000&quot;=====

Syria nahnmirn shuhmuh &quot;chaoguoh 500,000&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria nahnmirn shuhmuh &quot;chaoguoh 500,000&quot;
Syria refugee  number  &quot;exceed   500,000&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

More than half a million people have now fled the conflict in Syria to neighboring countries, according to the UN's refugee agency.

juh UN nahnmirn jigouh baohdaao: chaoguoh 500 wahn rern taorbih Syria zhahnhuoo daoh lirnguor.
&lt;pre&gt;
juh          UN nahnmirn jigouh baohdaao: chaoguoh 500 wahn         rern   taorbih Syria zhahnhuoo     daoh lirnguor.
according to UN refugee  agency report:   exceed   500 ten thousand people escape  Syria flames of war to   neighboring country.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====South Africa bridge collapse kills 14=====

Narfei qiaorliarng daaota, 14 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Narfei       qiaorliarng daaota,   14 sii
South Africa bridge      collapse, 14 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

14 people are killed in South Africa when a bridge is swept away by heavy rains, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Narnfei dahyuu chongzoou qiaorliarng, 14 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Narnfei      dahyuu     chongzoou  qiaorliarng, 14 rern   siiwarng.
officials say:  South Africa heavy rain flush away bridge,      14 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Central African Republic rebels seize town=====

Zhongfei Gohngherguor pahnjun duorquu shihzhehn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongfei       Gohngherguor pahnjun duorquu shihzhehn
Central Africa Republic     rebel   seize   town
&lt;/pre&gt;

Rebel forces in the Central African Republic (CAR) capture the key northern town of Ndele after a surprise attack on government troops, an army source tells the BBC.

junduih lairyuarn gaohsuh BBC: Zhongfei Gohngherguor (CAR) pahnjun tuxir zhehngfuujun, duorder zhuuyaoh beeibuh shihzhehn Ndele.
&lt;pre&gt;
junduih lairyuarn gaohsuh BBC: Zhongfei       Gohngherguor (CAR) pahnjun tuxir           zhehngfuujun,    duorder zhuuyaoh beeibuh 
army    source    tell    BBC: Central Africa Republic     (CAR) rebel   surprise attack government army, capture main     north   

shihzhehn Ndele.
town      Ndele.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-10====

=====Japan economic data suggests recession=====

Rihbeen jingjih ziliaoh xiaanshih shuaituih
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen jingjih ziliaoh xiaanshih shuaituih
Japan   economy data    show      recession
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japan's growth figures show that the world's third-largest economy is in recession.

Rihbeen zengzhaang shuhzih xiaanshih, shihjieh dih-3 dah jingjihtii zaih shuaituih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen zengzhaang shuhzih xiaanshih, shihjieh dih-3 dah   jingjihtii zaih shuaituih.
Japan   growth     figure  show,      world    third large economy    at   recession.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China's export growth weaker than expected=====

Zhongguor chukoou zengzhaang bii yuhqi ruoh
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor chukoou zengzhaang bii         yuhqi       ruoh
China     export  growth     compared to expectation weak
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's export growth is lower than market expectations in November as global demand is still weak.

youryur quarnqiur xuqiur pirruoh, Zhongguor Shiryiyueh chukoou zengzhaang diyur shihchaang yuhqi.
&lt;pre&gt;
youryur quarnqiur xuqiur pirruoh,        Zhongguor Shiryiyueh chukoou zengzhaang diyur         shihchaang yuhqi.
because global    demand tired and weak, China     November   export  growth     be lower than market     expectation.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly clashes in Lebanon=====

Lebanon zhihmihng chongtu
&lt;pre&gt;
Lebanon zhihmihng chongtu
Lebanon deadly    clash
&lt;/pre&gt;

6 people are killed and at least 40 injured in the Lebanon city of Tripoli in clashes on Sunday between opponents and supporters of Syria president.

Xingqirih zaih Lebanon cherngshih Tripoli, Syria zoongtoong d zhichirzhee yuu faanduihzhee chongtu, 6 rern beihsha, zhihshaao 40 shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Xingqirih zaih Lebanon cherngshih Tripoli, Syria zoongtoong d  zhichirzhee yuu  faanduihzhee chongtu, 6 rern   beihsha,   
Sunday    at   Lebanon city       Tripoli, Syria president  's supporter   with opponent     clash,   6 people be killed, 

zhihshaao 40 shouhshang.
at least  40 be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====2 Afghanistan officials are killed=====

2 geh Afganistan guanyuarn beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
2 geh Afghanistan guanyuarn beihsha
2     Afghanistan officials be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

An official in charge of women affairs and an Afghanistan provincial police chief are killed in separate attacks on Monday, officials say.

guanfang shuo: zhuuguaan fuhnvv shihwuh d guanyuarn her Afghanistan sheengfehn d jiingzhaang, Xingqiyi zaih butorng d xirji beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: zhuuguaan    fuhnvv shihwuh d  guanyuarn her Afghanistan sheengfehn d  jiingzhaang,  Xingqiyi zaih butorng d 
officials say:  in charge of woman  affair  's official  and Afghanistan province   's police chief, Monday   at   differnt  

xirji  beihsha.
attack be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bomb kills Afghanistan police chief=====

zhahdahn shasii Afghanistan jiingzhaang
&lt;pre&gt;
zhahdahn shasii Afghanistan jiingzhaang
bomb     kill   Afghanistan police chief
&lt;/pre&gt;

The police chief of Afghanistan south-western Nimroz province is killed by a bomb, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Afghanistan xinarnbu sheengfehn Nimroz d jiingzhaang beih zhahdahn zhahsii.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan xinarnbu  sheengfehn Nimroz d  jiingzhaang  beih zhahdahn zhahsii.
officials say:  Afghanistan southwest province   Nimroz 's police chief by   bomb     be killed in explosion.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====A US soldier is killed in Afghanistan rescue action=====

yigeh Meeijun zaih Afghanistan jiuhyuarn xirngdohng zhong beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
yigeh Meeijun    zaih Afghanistan jiuhyuarn xirngdohng zhong  beihsha
a     US soldier at   Afghanistan rescue    action     inside be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

A US commando is killed in the rescue of an US doctor kidnapped by the Taliban in eastern Afghanistan, the White House says.

White House shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh yigeh US tujiduihyuarn zaih yirngjiuh Taliban baangjiah d US yisheng shir beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
White House shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh yigeh US tujiduihyuarn zaih yirngjiuh Taliban baangjiah d  US yisheng shir        beihsha.
White House say:  Afghanistan east    a     US commando      at   rescue    Taliban kidnap    's US medic   time (when) be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-09====

=====China reports strong economy data=====

ziliaoh xiaanshih Zhongguor jingjih qiarngjihng
&lt;pre&gt;
ziliaoh xiaanshih Zhongguor jingjih qiarngjihng
data    show      China     economy strong
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's economic growth rate may be gathering pace again, as the government releases strong industrial output and retail sales figures.

zhehngfuu shuhzih xiaanshih gongheh chaanliahng her lirngshouh'er qiarngjihng, Zhongguor jingjih zengzhaanglv keenerng zaihcih jiasuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
zhehngfuu  shuhzih xiaanshih gongheh  chaanliahng her lirngshouh'er qiarngjihng, Zhongguor jingjih zengzhaanglv keenerng zaihcih 
government figure  show      industry output      and retail sales  strong,      China     economy growth rate  maybe    again   

jiasuh.
accelerate.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Many people still missing in Philippines typhoon=====

Philippines tairfeng rerngrarn duo rern shizong
&lt;pre&gt;
Philippines tairfeng rerngrarn duo  rern   shizong
Philippines typhoon  still     many people be missing
&lt;/pre&gt;

The number of people missing after Typhoon Bopha struck the southern Philippines has risen to more than 800, with 620 confirmed dead.

Philippines narnbuh tairfeng Bopha guohhouh, shizong rernshuh chaoguoh 800, 620 rern zhehngshir siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Philippines narnbuh tairfeng Bopha guohhouh, shizong rernshuh         chaoguoh 800, 620 rern   zhehngshir siiwarng.
Philippines south   typhoon  Bopha -after,   missing number of people exceed   800, 620 people confirm    die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====South Sudan army kills protesters=====

South Sudan junduih shasii kahngyihzhee
&lt;pre&gt;
South Sudan junduih shasii kahngyihzhee
South Sudan army    kill   protester
&lt;/pre&gt;

The South Sudan army kills 10 people when it fired on demonstrators protesting the relocation of a local council HQ, the UN says.

UN shuo: South Sudan junduih shehsha zhihshaao 10 geh kahngyih banqian dihfang shihzhehng zoongbuh d shihweizhee.
&lt;pre&gt;
UN shuo: South Sudan junduih shehsha          zhihshaao 10 geh kahngyih banqian  dihfang shihzhehng zoongbuh d  shihweizhee.
UN say:  South Sudan army    kill by shooting at least  10     protest  relocate local   council    HQ       's demonstrator.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Germany's growth forecast cut by Bundesbank=====

Bundesbank yuhceh Derguor zengzhaang xiahjiahng
&lt;pre&gt;
Bundesbank yuhceh   Derguor zengzhaang xiahjiahng
Bundesbank forecast Germany growth     fall
&lt;/pre&gt;

Germany's central bank, the Bundesbank, has cut its growth forecast for next year, saying the country's economy might be entering a recession.

Derguor zhongyang yirnharng Bundesbank yuhceh mirngniarn Derguor zengzhaang xiahjiahng, jingjih keenerng shuaituih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Derguor zhongyang yirnharng Bundesbank yuhceh   mirngniarn Derguor zengzhaang xiahjiahng, jingjih keenerng shuaituih.
Germany central   bank      Bundesbank forecast next year  Germany growth     fall,       economy maybe    decline.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-08====

=====8 die in Cambodia market fire=====

Cambodia shihchaang dahhuoo, 8 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Cambodia shihchaang dahhuoo,  8 sii
Cambodia market     big fire, 8 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

8 people, including 4 children, are killed in a fire at a night market in the Cambodian tourist town of Siem Reap.

Cambodia lvvyour shihzhehn Siem Reap yehshih dahhuoo, 8 rern baokuoh 4 geh errtorng siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Cambodia lvvyour shihzhehn Siem Reap yehshih      dahhuoo,  8 rern   baokuoh 4 geh errtorng siiwarng.
Cambodia tourist town      Siem Reap night market big fire, 8 people include 4     child    die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US unemployment rate at 4-year low=====

US shiyehlvh 4 niarn lair zuihdi
&lt;pre&gt;
US shiyehlvh         4 niarn lair   zuihdi
US unemployment rate 4 year  -since lowest
&lt;/pre&gt;

The US adds 146,000 new jobs in November, cutting the jobless rate to 7.7%, as the economy is not affected by storm Sandy.

US jingjih bu beih fengbaoh Sandy yiingxiaang, Shiryiyueh zengjia 146,000 geh xin zhirweih, shiyehlvh xiahjiahng daoh 7.7%.
&lt;pre&gt;
US jingjih bu  beih fengbaoh Sandy yiingxiaang, Shiryiyueh zengjia  146,000 geh xin zhirweih, shiyehlvh    xiahjiahng daoh 7.7%.
US economy not by   storm    Sandy affect,      November   increase 146,000     new position, jobless rate fall       to   7.7%.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-07====

=====Fiat to cut 1,500 jobs in Poland=====

Poland Fiat cairjiaan 1,500 zhirweih
&lt;pre&gt;
Poland Fiat cairjiaan 1,500 zhirweih
Poland Fiat cut       1,500 job position
&lt;/pre&gt;

Italian car giant Fiat has said it will cut 1,500 jobs in Poland because of the weak car market in Europe.

youryur Ouzhou qihche shihchaang pirruoh, Italy qihche juhrern xuanbuh xuejiaan 1,500 geh zhirweih.
&lt;pre&gt;
youryur Ouzhou qihche shihchaang pirruoh, Italy qihche juhrern xuanbuh  xuejiaan 1,500 geh zhirweih.
because Europe car    market     weak,    Italy car    giant   announce cut      1,500     job position.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Kenya explosion &quot;kills 2&quot;=====

Kenya baohzhah, &quot;2 sii&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya baohzhah,  &quot;2 sii&quot;
Kenya explosion, &quot;2 die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 2 people are killed in an explosion near a mosque in a predominantly Somali area of the Kenya capital Nairobi, the Red Cross says.

Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Kenya shooudu Nairobi zhuuyaoh Somalia-rern dihqu yi jian qingzhensih fuhjihn baohzhah, zhihshaao 2 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Kenya shooudu Nairobi zhuuyaoh Somalia-rern   dihqu yi jian qingzhensih fuhjihn  baohzhah, zhihshaao 
Red Cross        say:  Kenya capital Nairobi mainly   Somalia people area  a       mosque      vicinity explode,  at least  

2 rern   siiwarng.
2 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Sharp fall in UK factory output=====

UK gongchaang chaanliahng dahfurduh xiahjiahng
&lt;pre&gt;
UK gongchaang chaanliahng dahfurduh         xiahjiahng
UK factory    output      to a great extent fall
&lt;/pre&gt;

UK manufacturing output in October fell at its fastest rate since June, official figures show, with food and drink output particularly low. 

guanfang shuhzih xiaanshih: youryur yiinshir chaanliahng tebier di, UK Shiryueh gongyeh chaanliahng Liuhyueh yiilair xiahjiahng zuih kuaih.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuhzih xiaanshih: youryur yiinshir       chaanliahng tebier     di,  UK Shiryueh gongyeh  chaanliahng Liuhyueh yiilair 
officials figure  show:      because food and drink output      particular low, Uk October  industry output      June     -since  

xiahjiahng zuih kuaih.
fall       most quick.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghanistan spy chief injured by suicide bomb explosion=====

zihsha zhahdahn zhahshang Afghanistan jiahndier zhuuguaan
&lt;pre&gt;
zihsha  zhahdahn zhahshang        Afghanistan jiahndier zhuuguaan
suicide bomb     explosion injure Afghanistan spy       chief
&lt;/pre&gt;

Afghanistan intelligence chief Asadullah Khalid is wounded in a Taliban suicide bomb explosion in central Kabul.

Afghanistan qirngbaoh zhuuguaan Asadullah Khalid zaih Kabul zhongbuh beih Taliban zihsha zhahdahn zhahshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan qirngbaoh    zhuuguaan Asadullah Khalid zaih Kabul zhongbuh     beih Taliban zihsha  zhahdahn zhahshang.
Afghanistan intelligence chief     Asadullah Khalid at   Kabul central part by   Taliban suicide bomb     be injured in explosion.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-06====

=====Tanks appear on the streets of Cairo=====

Cairo jieshahng chuxiahn taankeh
&lt;pre&gt;
Cairo jieshahng     chuxiahn taankeh
Cairo in the street happen   tank
&lt;/pre&gt;

Egypt's army deploys tanks and armored transport vehicles outside the presidential palace in Cairo after clashes between supporters and opponents of President Mohammed Morsi.

Mohammed Morsi zoongtoong d zhichirzhee yuu faanduihzhee chongtu zhihouh, Egypt junduih zaih zoongtoongfuu waihmiahn buhshuu taankeh her zhuangjiaa yuhnshuche.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mohammed Morsi zoongtoong d  zhichirzhee yuu  faanduihzhee chongtu zhihouh, Egypt junduih zaih zoongtoongfuu       waihmiahn 
Mohammed Morsi president  's supporter   with opponent     clash   -after,  Egypt army    at   presidential palace outside   

buhshuu taankeh her zhuangjiaa yuhnshuche.
deploy  tank    and armor      transport vehicle.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Philippines typhoon death number more than 300=====

Philippines tairfeng siiwarng rernshuh chaoguoh 300
&lt;pre&gt;
Philippines tairfeng siiwarng rernshuh         chaoguoh 300
Philippines typhoon  death    number of people exceed   300
&lt;/pre&gt;

More than 300 die and hundreds are missing after Typhoon Bopha sweeps across the southern Philippines, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Tairfeng Bopha herngsaao Philippines narnbuh, chaoguoh 300 sii, jii-baai shizong.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Tairfeng Bopha herngsaao    Philippines narnbuh, chaoguoh 300 sii, jii-baai         shizong.
officials say:  Typhoon  Bopha sweep across Philippines south,   exceed   300 die, several hundreds be missing.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-05====

=====Deadly Egypt constitution clashes=====

zhihmihng d Egypt xiahnfaa chongtu
&lt;pre&gt;
zhihmihng d Egypt xiahnfaa     chongtu
deadly      Egypt constitution clash
&lt;/pre&gt;
3 people die and 350 are injured in clashes in Egypt's capital, Cairo, as unrest grows over a disputed draft constitution.

xiahfaa caao'ahn zhengyih yiinzhih dohngluahn kuohdah, Egypt shooudu Cairo fasheng chongtu, 3 sii, 350 shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
xiahfaa      caao'ahn zhengyih yiinzhih dohngluahn kuohdah, Egypt shooudu Cairo fasheng chongtu, 3 sii, 350 shouhshang.
constitution draft    dispute  to cause unrest     enlarge, Egypt capital Cairo happen  clash,   3 die, 350 be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====4 dead after cargo ship sinks in North Sea=====

North Sea huohlurn chernmoh, 4 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
North Sea huohlurn   chernmoh, 4 sii
North Sea cargo ship sink,     4 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

4 sailors are dead and 7 are missing after a cargo ship sank in the North Sea following a collision.

North Sea huohlurn zhuahnghuii chernmoh, 4 geh chuarnyuarn siiwarng, 7 geh shizong.
&lt;pre&gt;
North Sea huohlurn   zhuahnghuii chernmoh, 4 geh chuarnyuarn siiwarng, 7 geh shizong.
North Sea cargo ship clash       sink,     4     sailor      die,      7     be missing.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Somalia militants start new attacks=====

Somalia wuuzhuang fehnzii fadohng xin xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Somalia wuuzhuang fehnzii fadohng xin xirji
Somalia armed     members start   new attacks
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 31 people are killed or wounded in a bomb blast and clashes between Islamists and troops in Somalia's Puntland region, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Somalia d Puntland dihqu, yi cih zhahdahn baohzhah her Islam-zhuuyihzhee yuu junduih chongtu, zhihshaao 31 rern shang-warng.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Somalia d Puntland dihqu,  yi cih zhahdahn baohzhah her Islam-zhuuyihzhee yuu  junduih chongtu, zhihshaao 
officials say:  Somalia's Puntland region, a      bomb     blast    and Islamists         with troops  clash,   at least  

31 rern   shang-warng.
31 people be wounded and killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eurozone recession to continue=====

Eurozone shuaituih jihxuh
&lt;pre&gt;
Eurozone shuaituih jihxuh
Eurozone recession continue
&lt;/pre&gt;

Although the rate of economic contraction decreased in November, the Eurozone recession to continue into 2013, a survey shows.

diaohchar xiaanshih: suirarn Shiryiyuehfehn jingjih shousuolvh jiaanshaao, Eurozone shuaituih huih chirxuh daoh 2013 niarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
diaohchar xiaanshih: suirarn  Shiryiyuehfehn jingjih shousuolvh       jiaanshaao, Eurozone shuaituih huih         chirxuh  daoh 
survey    show:      although in November    economy contraction rate decrease,   Eurozone recession be likely to continue to   

2013 niarn.
2013 year.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-04====

=====Iran TV shows &quot;captured US unmanned plane&quot;=====

Iran TV zhaanshih &quot;furhuoh US wurrernji&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran TV zhaanshih &quot;furhuoh US wurrernji&quot;
Iran TV show      &quot;capture US unmanned plane&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Iran television has shown images of what it says is an US unmanned plane captured in its airspace.

Iran diahnshih bochu juhcheng zaih ta liingkong furhuoh d yi jiah US wurrernji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran diahnshih  bochu     juhcheng   zaih ta liingkong            furhuoh d   yi jiah US wurrernji.
Iran television broadcast it is said at   it territorial airspace capture 's  a       US unmanned plane.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Typhoon attack Philippines, kills dozens=====

tairfeng xirji Philippines, jii-shir rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
tairfeng xirji  Philippines, jii-shir     rern   siiwarng
typhoon  attack Philippines, several tens people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 40 people are reported killed as a strong typhoon sweeps across the southern Philippines, forcing tens of thousands to be evacuated.

qiarnglieh tairfeng herngsaao Philippines narnbuh, juhbaoh zhihshaao 40 rern siiwarng, jii-wahn rern shusahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
qiarnglieh tairfeng herngsaao    Philippines narnbuh, juhbaoh    zhihshaao 40 rern   siiwarng, jii-wahn          rern   shusahn.
strong     typhoon  sweep across Philippines south,   reportedly at least  40 people die,      tens of thousands people evacuate.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UK economic contraction &quot;less than thought&quot; for 2012=====

UK 2012 niarn jingjih weeisuo &quot;xiaaoyur yuhceh&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
UK 2012 niarn jingjih weeisuo     &quot;xiaaoyur  yuhceh&quot;
UK 2012 year  economy contraction &quot;less than forecast&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) has increased its forecast for UK growth for 2012, but still expects the economy to shrink.

Yingguor Shanghuih (BCC) tirgao 2012 niarn UK zengzhaang yuhceh, dahnshih rerngrarn yuhliaoh jingjih shousuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yingguor Shanghuih            (BCC) tirgao 2012 niarn UK zengzhaang yuhceh,   dahnshih rerngrarn yuhliaoh jingjih shousuo.
British  Chambers of Commerce (BCC) raise  2012 year  UK growth     forecast, but      still     predict  economy shrink.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-03====

=====Mental health medication concern=====

guanzhuh xinlii jiahnkang yohngyaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
guanzhuh   xinlii jiahnkang yohngyaoh
to concern mental health    application of medicine
&lt;/pre&gt;

Many people with severe mental health problems miss out on the care they should receive for physical illnesses, researchers say.

yarnjiu baohgaoh zhiichu: xuuduo yoou yarnzhohng xinlii wehntir d rern beih huluiehle shenglii jirbihng d zhaohguh.
&lt;pre&gt;
yarnjiu  baohgaoh zhiichu:   xuuduo yoou yarnzhohng xinlii wehntir d  rern   beih huluiehle shenglii   jirbihng d  zhaohguh.
research report   point out: many   have severe     mental problem 's people be missed out  physiology illness  's care.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China manufacturing in rebound=====

Zhongguor gongheh faandahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor gongheh  faandahn
China     industry rebound
&lt;/pre&gt;

Manufacturing activity in China has continued to rebound in November as data shows the industry is expanding.

ziliaoh xiaanshih Zhongguor gongyeh zaih fazhaanzhong, Shiryiyuehfehn zhihzaohyeh huordohng chirxuh faandahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
ziliaoh xiaanshih Zhongguor gongyeh  zaih fazhaanzhong, Shiryiyuehfehn zhihzaohyeh   huordohng chirxuh  faandahn.
data    show      China     industry at   expanding,    in November    manufacturing activity  continue rebound.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Nigeria militants kill Christians and police=====

Nigeria wuuzhuang fehnzii shasii Jidutur her jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria wuuzhuang fehnzii shasii Jidutur    her jiingchar
Nigeria armed     member  kill   Christians and police
&lt;/pre&gt;

Suspected Islamist fighters have killed 10 Christians in an overnight machete and gun attack in Borno state in north-east Nigeria.

zaih Nigeria dongbeeibuh Borno zhou, huairyir d Islam-zhuuyi zhahnshih zheengyeh d wandao her qiang xirji shasii 10 geh Jidutur.
&lt;pre&gt;
zaih Nigeria dongbeeibuh Borno zhou,  huairyir d Islam-zhuuyi zhahnshih zheengyeh d  wandao  her qiang xirji  shasii 10 geh 
at   Nigeria northeast   Borno state, suspected  Islamism     fighters  whole night  machete and gun   attack kill   10     

Jidutur.
Christian.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-02====

=====Deadly bomb attacks Syria city=====

zhihmihng zhahdahn xirji Syria cherngshih
&lt;pre&gt;
zhihmihng zhahdahn xirji  Syria cherngshih
deadly    bomb     attack Syria city
&lt;/pre&gt;

A car bomb has killed at least 15 people in the Syrian city of Homs, the Sana news agency reports.

Sana tongxuhnsheh baohdaao: Syria cherngshih Homs qihche zhahdahn shasii zhihshaao 15 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Sana tongxuhnsheh baohdaao: Syria cherngshih Homs qihche zhahdahn shasii zhihshaao 15 rern.
Sana news agency  report:   Syria city       Homs car    bomb     kill   at least  15 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Taliban attack US Afghan base=====

Taliban xirji US Afghanistan jidih
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban xirji  US Afghanistan jidih
Taliban attack US Afghanistan base
&lt;/pre&gt;

Taliban suicide bombers have killed 4 Afghan soldiers and wounded Nato troops in an attack on a joint US-Afghan airbase in eastern Afghanistan.

Afghanistan dongbuh US-Afghanistan liarnher kongjun jidih, Taliban zihshashih zhahdahn zhahsii 4 geh Afghanistan shihbing, her zhahshang Nato junrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan dongbuh US-Afghanistan liarnher kongjun   jidih, Taliban zihshashih    zhahdahn zhahsii           4 geh Afghanistan 
Afghanistan east    US-Afghanistan joint    air force base,  Taliban suicide style bomb     kill by explosion 4     Afghanistan 

shihbing, her zhahshang           Nato junrern.
soldier,  and injure by explosion Nato army.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-12-01====

=====Japan tunnel collapse &quot;traps cars&quot;=====

Rihbeen suihdaoh daaota, &quot;qihche beihkuhn&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen suihdaoh daaota,   &quot;qihche beihkuhn&quot;
Japan   tunnel   collapse, &quot;cars   be trapped&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A road tunnel collapses west of Tokyo, trapping a number of vehicles, Japanese media reports say.

Rihbeen meirtii baohdaao: Tokyo xibuh yi tiaor gongluh suihdaoh daaota, xuuduo qihche beihkuhn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen meirtii baohdaao: Tokyo xibuh yi tiaor gongluh suihdaoh daaota,   xuuduo qihche beihkuhn.
Japan   media   report:   Tokyo west  a        highway tunnel   collapse, many   car    be trapped.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Plain packaging for cigarettes=====

xiangyan puusuh baozhuang
&lt;pre&gt;
xiangyan  puusuh baozhuang
cigarette plain  packaging
&lt;/pre&gt;

Australia has become the first country in the world to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes.

Australia cherngweir shihjiehshahng dih-1 geh tuichu xiangyan puusuh baozhuang d guorjia.
&lt;pre&gt;
Australia cherngweir shihjiehshahng dih-1 geh tuichu                xiangyan  puusuh baozhuang d  guorjia.
Australia become     in the world   first     present to the public cigarette plain  packaging 's country.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====North Korea to launch long-range rocket in December=====

Chaorxian Shir'erhyueh fasheh yuaancherng huoojiahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Chaorxian   Shir'erhyueh fasheh yuaancherng huoojiahn
North Korea December     launch long-range  rocket
&lt;/pre&gt;

North Korea is to launch a long-range rocket between 10 and 22 December, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Chaorxian dihngyur Shir'erhyueh 10 zhih 22 rih qijian fasheh yuaancherng huoojiahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Chaorxian   dihngyur     Shir'erhyueh 10 zhih 22 rih qijian fasheh yuaancherng   huoojiahn.
officials say:  North Korea scheduled to December     10 to   22 day period launch long-distance rocket.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Search after Kashmir avalanche=====

Kashmir xueebeng zhihouh sousuoo
&lt;pre&gt;
Kashmir xueebeng  zhihouh sousuoo
Kashmir snowslide -after  search
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 18 people are missing, including 8 Pakistani soldiers, after being hit by an avalanche in Kashmir, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Kashmir xueebeng, zhihshaao 18 rern siiwarng, baokuoh 8 geh Pakistan shihbing.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Kashmir xueebeng,  zhihshaao 18 rern   siiwarng, baokuoh 8 geh Pakistan shihbing.
officials say:  Kashmir snowslide, at least  18 people die,      include 8     Pakistan soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-30====

=====Eurozone unemployment rate hits new high in October=====

Eurozone Shiryuehfehn shiyehlvh dardaoh xin gaofeng
&lt;pre&gt;
Eurozone Shiryuehfehn shiyehlvh         dardaoh xin gaofeng
Eurozone in October   unemployment rate reach   new peak
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Eurozone unemployment rate hit a new record high in October, while consumer price rises slowed sharply.

Eurozone xiaofeih wuhjiah zengfur mirngxiaan fahnghuaan, Shiryuehfehn shiyehlvh dardaoh xin d zuihgao jihluh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Eurozone xiaofeih-wuhjiah zengfur          mirngxiaan fahnghuaan, Shiryuehfehn shiyehlvh    dardaoh xin d zuihgao jihluh.
Eurozone consumer price   increasing range clearly    slow down,  in October   jobless rate reach   new   highest record.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-29====

=====Syria &quot;fierce fighting&quot; near Damascus airport=====

Syria Damascus jichaang fuhjihn &quot;zhahndouh jilieh&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria Damascus jichaang fuhjihn  &quot;zhahndouh jilieh&quot;
Syria Damascus airport  vicinity &quot;to fight  fiercely&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The road to the airport in the Syrian capital Damascus has been closed and flights canceled amid reports of fierce clashes with rebels in the area.

Juhbaoh youryur Syria shooudu Damascus jichaang fuhjihn yuu pahnjun zhahndouh jilieh, tongwaang jichaang d daohluh fengbih, harngban quuxiao.
&lt;pre&gt;
Juhbaoh              youryur    Syria shooudu Damascus jichaang fuhjihn  yuu  pahnjun zhahndouh jilieh,   tongwaang jichaang d  
According to reports because of Syria capital Damascus airport  vicinity with rebels  to fight  fiercely, go to     airport  's 

daohluh fengbih, harngban quuxiao.
road    close,   flights  cancel.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghanistan bomb blast kills 5=====

Afghanistan zhahdahn baohzhah, 5 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zhahdahn baohzhah, 5 sii
Afghanistan bomb     explode,  5 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 people have been killed by a roadside bomb in the southern Afghan province of Uruzgan, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh sheengfehn Uruzgan luhbian zhahdahn zhahsii zhihshaao 10 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh sheengfehn Uruzgan luhbian  zhahdahn zhahsii           zhihshaao 10 rern.
officials say:  Afghanistan south   province   Uruzgan roadside bomb     kill by explosion at least  10 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly Baghdad bombs target Shiah=====

zhenduih Shiah d Baghdad zhihmihng zhahdahn xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
zhenduih Shiah d  Baghdad zhihmihng zhahdahn xirji
target   Shiah 's Baghdad deadly    bomb     attacks
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 19 people have been killed in 3 separate bomb attacks in mainly Shiah Muslim areas of Baghdad, police say.

jiingfang shuo: Baghdad d zhuuyaoh Shiah Muslim dihqu beih 3 cih butorng d zhahdahn xirji, zhihshaao 19 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
jiingfang shuo: Baghdad d  zhuuyaoh Shiah Muslim dihqu beih 3 cih  butorng d  zhahdahn xirji,  zhihshaao 19 rern   siiwarng.
police    say:  Baghdad 's main     Shiah Muslim areas by   3 time different  bomb     attack, at least  19 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-27====

=====Number of UK underemployed jumps=====

UK jiuhyehbuzur rernshuh meengzeng
&lt;pre&gt;
UK jiuhyehbuzur    rernshuh         meengzeng
UK underemployment number of people increase sharply
&lt;/pre&gt;

10.5% of UK workers are underemployed, official data show.

guanfang ziliaoh xiaanshi: 10.5% UK gongrern jiuhyehbuzur.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  ziliaoh xiaanshi: 10.5% UK gongrern jiuhyehbuzur.
officials data    show:     10.5% UK worker   underemployed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Global recovery &quot;under threat&quot;=====

quarnqiur fuhsu &quot;miahnduih weixier&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
quarnqiur fuhsu    &quot;miahnduih weixier&quot;
global    recovery &quot;to face   threat&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Determined policy is needed to ensure the world do not go into recession again, the OECD say.

OECD shuo: xuyaoh jianjuer d zhehngceh yii quehbaao shihjieh bu zaihcaih shuaituih.
&lt;pre&gt;
OECD shuo: xuyaoh jianjuer d zhehngceh yii quehbaao shihjieh bu  zaihcaih shuaituih.
OECD say:  need   determined policy    to  ensure   world    not again    to decline.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UK economy grew by 1%=====

UK jingjih zengzhaang 1%
&lt;pre&gt;
UK jingjih zengzhaang 1%
UK economy grow       1%
&lt;/pre&gt;

The UK economy grew by 1% between July and September, latest official figures have confirmed.

zuihxin guanfang shuhzih zhehngshir UK Qiyueh zhih Jiuuyuehfehn jingjih zengzhaang 1%.
&lt;pre&gt;
zuihxin guanfang shuhzih zhehngshir UK Qiyueh zhih Jiuuyuehfehn jingjih zengzhaang 1%.
latest  official figure  confirm    UK July   to   September    economy grow       1%.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Grapefruit and medicine mix eating is dangerous=====

huhnher chi xiyour her yaohwuh shih weixiaan d
&lt;pre&gt;
huhnher chi xiyour     her yaohwuh  shih weixiaan d
mix     eat grapefruit and medicine is   dangerous
&lt;/pre&gt;

Doctors have warned of a &quot;lack of knowledge&quot; about the dangers of mixing some medications with grapefruit.

yisheng jiinggaoh: rernmen duih huhnher chi xiyour her yaohwuh d weixiaanxihng &quot;quefar zhishir&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
yisheng jiinggaoh: rernmen duih  huhnher chi xiyour     her yaohwuh  d  weixiaanxihng &quot;quefar  zhishir&quot;.
doctors warning:   people  about mix     eat grapefruit and medicine 's danger        &quot;lack of knowledge&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-26====

=====Nigeria gunmen attack Abuja Sars police HQ=====

Nigeria qiangshoou xirji Abuja Sars jiingchar zoongbuh
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria qiangshoou xirji  Abuja Sars jiingchar zoongbuh
Nigeria gunmen     attack Abuja Sars police    headquarters
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 police officers are killed when a &quot;large number of gunmen&quot; attack a Nigerian police base in the capital, Abuja, enabling 5 suspected robbers to escape, police say.

jiingfang shuo: &quot;xuuduo qiangshoou&quot; xirji Nigeria shooudu Abuja jiingchar jidih, shasii 2 geh jiingchar, shiidaoh 5 geh xiarnyir qiangdaoh taortuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
jiingfang shuo: &quot;xuuduo qiangshoou&quot; xirji  Nigeria shooudu                Abuja jiingchar jidih, shasii 2 geh jiingchar, shiidaoh 
police    say:  &quot;many   gunman&quot;     attack Nigeria capital (of a country) Abuja police    base,  kill   2     police,    to cause 

5 geh xiarnyir  qiangdaoh taortuo.
5     suspected robber    escape.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria attack &quot;kills 10 children&quot;=====

Syria xirji &quot;shasii 10 geh errtorng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria xirji  &quot;shasii 10 geh errtorng&quot;
Syria attack &quot;kill   10     children&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Activists in Syria say a government jet has dropped a cluster bomb on a playground, leaving 10 children dead.

Syria huoryuehfehnzii shuo: zhehngfuu penshehji jirshuh zhahdahn hongzhah yuhndohngchaang, 10 geh errtorng siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria huoryuehfehnzii shuo: zhehngfuu  penshehji    jirshuh zhahdahn hongzhah yuhndohngchaang, 10 geh errtorng siiwarng.
Syria activists       say:  government jet aircraft cluster bomb     to bomb  playground,      10     children die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Fire kills 14 at German workshop=====

Derguor chejian dahuoo, 14 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Derguor chejian  dahuoo,   14 sii
German  workshop big fire, 14 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 14 people have died and many injured in a big fire at a workshop for disabled people in south-western Germany, reports say.

juh baohdaao: Deguor xinarnbuh canjirrern chejian dahuoo, zhihshaao 14 rern siiwarng, duo rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
juh baohdaao:        Deguor  xinarnbuh canjirrern      chejian  dahuoo,   zhihshaao 14 rern   siiwarng, duo  rern   shouhshang.
according to report: Germany southwest disabled people workshop big fire, at least  14 people die,      many people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan &quot;poisonous syrup&quot; kills 16=====

Pakistan &quot;yooudur tarngjiang&quot; shasii 16
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan &quot;yooudur tarngjiang&quot; shasii 16
Pakistan &quot;toxic   syrup&quot;      kill   16
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 16 people have died in the Pakistan city of Lahore after consuming what authorities say was a &quot;toxic&quot; cough syrup.

Pakistan cherngshih Lahore zhihshaao 16 rern furyohng dangjur suoweih d &quot;yooudur&quot; kersouh tarngjiang zhihouh siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan cherngshih Lahore zhihshaao 16 rern   furyohng        dangjur     suoweih d &quot;yooudur&quot;   kersouh tarngjiang zhihouh 
Pakistan city       Lahore at least  16 people take (medicine) authorities so-called &quot;poisonous&quot; cough   syrup      -after  

siiwarng.
die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-25====

=====Second bomb attacks Pakistan Shiah procession=====

Pakistan Shiah duihwuu dih-2 cih beih zhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan Shiah duihwuu    dih-2  cih  beih zhah
Pakistan Shiah procession second time be   bombed
&lt;/pre&gt;

5 people were killed and dozens wounded after a bomb exploded near a Shiah procession in northwest Pakistan.

Pakistan xibeeibuh Shiah duihwuu fuhjihn zhahdahn baohzhah, 5 rern siiwarng, jii-shir rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan xibeeibuh Shiah duihwuu    fuhjihn  zhahdahn baohzhah, 5 rern   siiwarng, jii-shir     rern   shouhshang.
Pakistan northwest Shiah procession vicinity bomb     blast,    5 people die,      several tens people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====More than 100 dead in Dhaka fire=====

Dhaka dahhuoo chaoguoh 100 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Dhaka dahhuoo  chaoguoh 100 sii
Dhaka big fire exceed   100 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

More than 100 people are known to have died in a fire in a clothes factory on the outskirts of Bangladesh's capital, Dhaka.

Bangladesh shooudu Dhaka jiaoqu yi jian furzhuangchaang dahhuoo, yiizhi chaoguoh 100 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Bangladesh shooudu Dhaka jiaoqu    yi jian furzhuangchaang dahhuoo,  yiizhi chaoguoh 100 rern   siiwarng.
Bangladesh capital Dhaka outskirts a       garment         big fire, known  exceed   100 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bombs hit Nigeria soldier-camp church=====

Nigeria junyirng jiaohtarng beih zhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria junyirng     jiaohtarng beih zhah
Nigeria soldier camp church     be blasted
&lt;/pre&gt;

11 people were killed and 30 injured after suicide bombers attacked a church inside a military camp in Kaduna state in northern Nigeria, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Nigeria beeibuh sheengfehn Kaduna yigeh junyirng d  jiaohtarng beih zihshashih zhahdahn xirji, 11 sii 30 shang.

&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Nigeria beeibuh sheengfehn Kaduna yigeh junyirng          d  jiaohtarng beih zihshashih    zhahdahn xirji,  11 sii 
officials say:  Nigeria north   province   Kaduna a     military barracks 's church     by   suicide style bomb     attack, 11 die 

30 shang.
30 injure.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-24====

=====EU budget talks end without deal=====

EU yuhsuahn huihyih jiershuh, meiryoou xieryih
&lt;pre&gt;
EU yuhsuahn huihyih jiershuh, meiryoou xieryih
EU budget   meeting end,      not have agreement
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Brussels summit has ended without agreement on the EU's next 7-year budget.

Brussels fenghuih jiershuh, EU xiah yi geh 7 niarn yuhsuahn meiryoou xieryih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Brussels fenghuih       jiershuh, EU xiah yi geh 7-niarn yuhsuahn meiryoou xieryih.
Brussels summit meeting end,      EU next one    7-niarn budget   not have agreement.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bomb strikes Shiah procession=====

zhahdahn xirji Shiah duihwuu
&lt;pre&gt;
zhahdahn xirji  Shiah duihwuu
bomb     attack Shiah procession
&lt;/pre&gt;

A roadside bomb has killed at least 6 people near a Shiah Muslim procession in north-western Pakistan.

Pakistan xibeeibuh Shiah Muslim duihwuh fuhjihn luhbian zhahdahn zhahsii zhihshaao 6 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan xibeeibuh Shiah Muslim duihwuh    fuhjihn  luhbian  zhahdahn zhahsii           zhihshaao 6 rern.
Pakistan northwest Shiah Muslim procession vicinity roadside bomb     kill by explosion at least  6 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan suspends mobile networks=====

Pakistan zahntirng shoouji waangluoh
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan zahntirng shoouji      waangluoh
Pakistan suspend   mobile phone network
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pakistan suspends mobile networks in major cities to prevent phones being used to detonate bombs during Shiah Muslim commemorations.

Pakistan zhuuyaoh cherngshih zahntirng shoouji waangluoh yii farngzhii zaih Shiah Muslim jihniahn qijian yohng diahnhuah yiinbaoh zhahdahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan zhuuyaoh cherngshih zahntirng shoouji      waangluoh yii farngzhii zaih Shiah Muslim jihniahn      qijian yohng diahnhuah 
Pakistan main     cities     suspend   mobile phone network   to  prevent   at   Shiah Muslim commemoration period use   phone     

yiinbaoh zhahdahn.
detonate bomb.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-23====

=====Second coronavirus death in Saudi Arabia reported=====

Saudi Arabia dih-2 geh guanzhuahng bihngdur siiwarng baohgaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
Saudi Arabia dih-2 geh guanzhuahng bihngdur siiwarng baohgaoh
Saudi Arabia second    coronary    virus    death    report
&lt;/pre&gt;

A second person has died from a new respiratory illness similar to the Sars virus, according to the World Health Organization.

juh Shihjieh Weihsheng Zuuzhi baohdaao: dih-2 rern sii-yur leihsih Sars bihngdur d xind huxi jirbihng.
&lt;pre&gt;
juh          Shihjieh Weihsheng Zuuzhi       baohdaao: dih-2  rern   sii-yur  leihsih Sars bihngdur d  xind huxi        jirbihng.
according to World    Health    Organization report:   second person die from similar Sars virus    's new  respiratory illness.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Palestinian &quot;shot dead near border&quot;=====

Palestine-rern &quot;bianjieh fuhjihn beih shehsha&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Palestine-rern   &quot;bianjieh fuhjihn  beih shehsha&quot;
Palestine-person &quot;border   vicinity be   kill by shooting&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Palestinian man has been shot dead by Israeli soldiers near the Gaza border, Palestinian officials say.

Palestine guanfang shuo: Gaza bianjieh fuhjihn yigeh Palestine narnrern beih Israel shihbing shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Palestine guanfang  shuo: Gaza bianjieh fuhjihn  yigeh Palestine narnrern beih Israel shihbing shehsha.
Palestine officials say:  Gaza border   vicinity a     Palestine man      by   Israel soldiers kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Egypt President Mursi defends new powers=====

Egypt Zoongtoong Mursi baaoweih xin quarnlih
&lt;pre&gt;
Egypt Zoongtoong Mursi baaoweih xin quarnlih
Egypt President  Mursi defend   new power
&lt;/pre&gt;

President Mohammed Mursi has appeared before supporters in Cairo to defend a new law that grants him overall powers.

Zoongtoong Mohammed Mursi chuxiahn Cairo zhichirzhee miahnqiarn, hahnweih shouhyuu ta quarnmiahn quarnlih d xin faalvh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zoongtoong Mohammed Mursi chuxiahn Cairo zhichirzhee miahnqiarn, hahnweih shouhyuu ta  quarnmiahn quarnlih d  xin faalvh.
President  Mohammed Mursi appear   Cairo supporters  -before,    defend   grant    him overall    power    's new law.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bahrain court sentences medics to prison=====

Bahrain faayuahn pahnjuer yisheng ruhyuh
&lt;pre&gt;
Bahrain faayuahn pahnjuer    yisheng ruhyuh
Bahrain court    to sentence medics  go to prison
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Bahrain court has sentenced 23 medics to 3 months in jail or to pay a fine for attending last year's pro-democracy protests, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Bahrain faayuahn pahnjuer 23 geh quhniarn canyuh mirnzhuu kahngyih d yisheng ruhyuh 3 geh yueh huohzhee farkuaan.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Bahrain faayuahn pahnjuer    23 geh quhniarn  canyuh         mirnzhuu  kahngyih d  yisheng ruhyuh       3 geh 
Officials say:  Bahrain court    to sentence 23     last year participate in democracy protest  's medics  go to prison 3     

yueh  huohzhee farkuaan.
month or       impose a fine.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Egypt protesters attack Muslim Brotherhood offices=====

Egypt kahngyizhee xirji Muslim Xiongdihhuih bahngongshih
&lt;pre&gt;
Egypt kahngyizhee xirji  Muslim Xiongdihhuih bahngongshih
Egypt protesters  attack Muslim Brotherhood  offices
&lt;/pre&gt;

Protesters in Egypt have attacked Muslim Brotherhood offices in several cities, according to state TV.

Juh guorjia TV baohdaaao: Egypt khangyihzhee xirji jii geh cherngshih d  Muslim Xiongdihhuih bahngongshih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Juh          guorjia TV baohdaaao: Egypt khangyihzhee xirji  jii geh cherngshih d  Muslim Xiongdihhuih bahngongshih.
According to state   TV report:    Egypt protesters   attack several city       's Muslim Brotherhood  offices.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====French citizen kidnapped in Mali=====

Faaguor gongmirn zaih Mali beih baangjiah
&lt;pre&gt;
Faaguor gongmirn zaih Mali beih baangjiah
France  citizen  at   Mali be kidnapped
&lt;/pre&gt;

A French citizen has been kidnapped in south-west Mali, French President Francois Hollande has said.

Faaguor Zoongtoong Francois Hollande shuo: Mali xinarnbuh yigeh Faaguor gongmirn beih baangjiah.
&lt;pre&gt;
Faaguor Zoongtoong Francois Hollande shuo: Mali xinarnbuh yigeh Faaguor gongmirn beih baangjiah.
France  President  Francois Hollande say:  Mali southwest a     France  citizen  be kidnapped.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-22====

=====2 killed in 100-vehicle pile-up in US=====

US 100 cheliahng liarnhuarn xiangzhuahng, 2 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
US 100 cheliahng liarnhuarn     xiangzhuahng, 2 sii
US 100 vehicle   chain of rings collide,      2 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 people have died and dozens were injured after about 100 vehicles collide together on a foggy high speed highway in the US state of Texas.

US Taxas Zhou yi tiaor dahwuh d gaosuh gongluh, dahyue 100 jiah cheliahng liarnhuarn xiangzhuahng, 2 rern siiwarng, jii-shir shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
US Texas Zhou  yi tiaor dahwuh d  gaosuh     gongluh, dahyue 100 jiah cheliahng liarnhuarn     xiangzhuahng, 2 rern   siiwarng, 
US Texas state a        dense fog high speed highway, about  100      vehicle   chain of rings collide,      2 people die,      

jii-shir     shouhshang.
several tens be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China manufacturing rises=====

Zhongguor gongyeh shahngsheng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor gongyeh  shahngsheng
China     industry rise
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's manufacturing activity expanded in November, according to a report by HSBC, the latest sign that its growth may be rebounding.

juh HSBC baohdaao: Zhongguor Shiryiyuehfehn zhihzaohyeh shahngsheng, zuihxin jihxiahng xiaanshih zengzhaang huih faandahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
juh          HSBC baohdaao: Zhongguor Shiryiyuehfehn zhihzaohyeh   shahngsheng, zuihxin    jihxiahng xiaanshih zengzhaang huih  
according to HSBC report:   China     in November    manufacturing rise,        the newest sign      show      growth     maybe 

faandahn.
rebound.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eurozone output contracts again=====

Eurozone chaanliahng zaihcih shousuo
&lt;pre&gt;
Eurozone chaanliahng zaihcih shousuo
Eurozone output      again   shrink
&lt;/pre&gt;

Business activity in the Eurozone continued to contract in November, a survey suggests.

diaohchar xiaanshih: Shiryiyuehfehn Eurozone shangyeh huordohng jihxuh shousuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
diaohchar xiaanshih: Shiryiyuehfehn Eurozone shangyeh huordohng jihxuh   shousuo.
survery   show:      In November    Eurozone business activity  continue shrink.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Online protests after Chinese Twitter user arrested=====

waangshahng kahngyih daihbuu Zhongguor Twitter yohnghuh
&lt;pre&gt;
waangshahng kahngyih daihbuu Zhongguor Twitter yohnghuh
online      protest  arrest  China     Twitter user
&lt;/pre&gt;

Hundreds of web users have signed a petition demanding the release of a Beijing man accused of criticizing China's authorities on Twitter.

jii-baai Internet yohnghuh qianshuu yi feng qiingyuahnshu yaoqiur shihfahng yigeh beih zhiikohng zaih Twitter pipirng Zhongguor zhehngfuu d Beeijingrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
jii-baai         Internet yohnghuh qianshuu yi feng qiingyuahnshu yaoqiur shihfahng yigeh beih zhiikohng zaih Twitter pipirng   
several hundreds Internet user     sign     a       petition      demand  release   a     be accused     at   Twitter criticize 

Zhongguor zhehngfuu  d  Beeijingrern.
China     government 's Beijing person.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Fat Duck chefs killed in Hong Kong car accident=====

Fat Duck churshi zaih Xianggaang chehuoh siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Fat Duck churshi zaih Xianggaang chehuoh      siiwarng
Fat Duck chefs   at   Hong Kong  car accident die
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 chefs from Heston Blumenthal's restaurant The Fat Duck have been killed along with their taxi driver in a collision with a bus in Hong Kong.

Heston Blumenthal d canting The Fat Duck d 2 geh churshi, zaih Xianggaang cherngzuoh taxi yuu bus xiangzhuahng, tamen yuu taxi siji yiqii siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Heston Blumenthal d  canting    The Fat Duck d  2 geh churshi, zaih Xianggaang cherngzuoh            taxi yuu  bus xiangzhuahng, 
Heston Blumenthal 's restaurant The Fat Duck 's 2     chef,    at   Hong Kong  ride (as a passenger) taxi with bus collide,      

tamen yuu taxi siji    yiqii    siiwarng.
they  with taxi driver together die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Suicide bomb attack Pakistan Shiah procession=====

Zishashih zhahdahn xirji Pakistan Shiah-paih yourxirng duihwuu
&lt;pre&gt;
Zishashih    zhahdahn xirji  Pakistan Shiah-paih    yourxirng duihwuu
Sucide-style bomb     attack Pakistan Shiah-faction parade    procession
&lt;/pre&gt;

An attack on a Shiah Muslim procession in the Pakistani city of Rawalpindi has left at least 23 dead, police say.

Jiingfang shuo: Pakistan cherngshih Rawalpindi yigeh Shiah-paih yourxirng duihwuu beih xirji, zhihshaao 23 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang shuo: Pakistan cherngshih Rawalpindi yigeh Shiah-paih    yourxirng duihwuu    beih xirji,  zhihshaao 23 rern   siiwarng.
Police    say:  Pakistan city       Rawalpindi a     Shiah-faction parade    procession be attacked, at least  23 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-21====

=====DR Congo's M23 rebels threaten to march to Kinshasa=====

DR Congo M23 pahnjun weixier jihnjun Kinshasa
&lt;pre&gt;
DR Congo M23 pahnjun    weixier     jihnjun  Kinshasa
DR Congo M23 rebel army threaten to march to Kinshasa
&lt;/pre&gt;

Rebel fighters in the Democratic Republic of Congo have threatened to march on the capital, Kinshasa, after capturing the eastern city of Goma.

Zaih duorquu dongbuh cherngshih Goma zhihouh, Congo Mirnzhuu Gohngherguor pahnjun weixier jihnjun shooudu Kinshasa.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zaih duorquu dongbuh cherngshih Goma zhihouh, Congo Mirnzhuu   Gohngherguor pahnjun    weixier     jihnjun  shooudu Kinshasa.
At   capture east    city       Goma -after,  Congo Democratic Republic     rebel army threaten to march to capital Kinshasa.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Japan exports fall for 5 months continuously=====

Rihbeen chukoou liarnxuh 5 geh yueh xiahjiahng
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen chukoou liarnxuh     5 geh yueh  xiahjiahng
Japan   export  continuously 5th   month fall
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japan's exports have fallen for 5 months continuously after demand in China and the EU reduced.

youryur Zhongguor her EU xuqiur jiaanshaao, Rihbeen chukoou liarnxuh 5 geh yueh xiahjiahng.
&lt;pre&gt;
youryur Zhongguor her EU xuqiur jiaanshaao, Rihbeen chukoou liarnxuh     5 geh yueh  xiahjiahng.
because China     and EU demand decrease,   Japan   export  continuously 5     month fall.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Suicide bomber kills 2 in central Kabul=====

Kabul zhongbuh zihshashih zhahdahn shasii 2 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Kabul zhongbuh        zihshashih    zhahdahn shasii 2 rern
Kabul central section suicide-style bomb     kill   2 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 Afghan security guards have been killed and 3 wounded in a suicide attack in a heavily-guarded area of Kabul home to foreign embassies and Nato HQ, police say.

jiingfang shuo: Kabul jiehbeihsenyarn d waiguor dahshii her Nato zoongbuh d zhuhzhair dihqu, fasheng zihshashih xirji, 2 geh Afghanistan baao'an jiingweih beihsha, 3 geh shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
jiingfang shuo: Kabul jiehbeihsenyarn d waiguor dahshii   her Nato zoongbuh d  zhuhzhair dihqu, fasheng zihshashih    xirji,  
police    say:  Kabul heavily-guarded   foreign embassies and Nato HQ       's residence area,  happen  suicide-style attack, 

2 geh Afghanistan baao'an  jiingweih beihsha,   3 geh shouhshang.
2     Afghanistan security guard     be killed, 3     be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;6 killed&quot; in Pakistan blasts=====

Pakistan baohzhah, &quot;6 sii&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan baohzhah, &quot;6 sii&quot;
Pakistan blasts,   &quot;6 die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 6 people have been killed in bombings in Pakistan cities of Quetta and Karachi, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Pakistan cherngshih Quetta her Karachi d zhahdahn baohzhah, zhihshaao 6 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Pakistan cherngshih Quetta her Karachi d  zhahdahn baohzhah, zhihshaao 6 rern   siiwarng.
officials say:  Pakistan cities     Queta  and Karachi 's bomb     blast,    at least  6 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Benghazi police chief killed=====

Benghazi jiingzhaang beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Benghazi jiingzhaang  beihsha
Benghazi police chief be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

The police chief of the Libyan city of Benghazi, who took over the job after the US embassy attack, is killed by unknown gunmen.

US dahshiiguaan beih xirji zhihou jierehn d Libya cherngshih Benghazi jiingzhaang beih bumirng qiangshoou shasii.
&lt;pre&gt;
US dahshiiguaan beih xirji  zhihou jierehn       d  Libya cherngshih Benghazi jiingzhaang  beih bumirng qiangshoou shasii.
US embassy      be attacked -after take over job 's Libya  city      Benghazi police chief by   unknown gunmen     kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Yemen military plane crash kills 10=====

Yemen junji zhuihhuii, 10 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Yemen junji          zhuihhuii,      10 sii
Yemen military plane fall and crash, 10 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Yemeni military plane has crashed in the capital, Sanaa, killing all 10 people on board, officials have said.

guanfang shuo: Yemen junji zaih shooudu Sanaa zhuihhuii, feiji shahng 10 rern quarnbuh siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Yemen junji          zaih shooudu Sanaa zhuihhuii,      feiji    shahng 10 rern   quarnbuh siiwarng.
officials say:  Yemen military plane at   capital Sanaa fall and crash, airplane -on    10 people all      die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;Bomb blast&quot; on bus in Tel Aviv=====

Tel Aviv bus &quot;zhahdahn baohzhah&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Tel Aviv bus &quot;zhahdahn baohzhah&quot;
Tel Aviv bus &quot;bomb     blast&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 people have been injured in an explosion on a bus in Israel's commercial capital, Tel Aviv.

Israel shangyeh shooudu Tel Aviv bus baohzhah, zhihshaao 10 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Israel shangyeh   shooudu Tel Aviv bus baohzhah, zhihshaao 10 rern   shouhshang.
Israel commercial capital Tel Aviv bus explode,  at least  10 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UN condemns DR Congo rebel occupying Goma=====

UN qiaanzer DR Congo pahnjun zhahnliing Goma
&lt;pre&gt;
UN qiaanzer DR Congo pahnjun    zhahnliing Goma
UN condemn  DR Congo rebel army occupy     Goma
&lt;/pre&gt;

The UN Security Council has backed a resolution calling for sanctions against leaders of rebels in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

UN Anquarn Liishihhuih zhichir yaoqiur zhihcair Congo Mirnzhuu Gohngherguor pahnjun liingxiuh d jueryih.
&lt;pre&gt;
UN Anquarn  Liishihhuih zhichir yaoqiur  zhihcair         Congo Mirnzhuu   Gohngherguor pahnjun    liingxiuh d  jueryih.
UN Security Council     support call for sanction against Congo Democratic Republic     rebel army leaders   's resolution.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Japan exports to China fall as territorial dispute=====

youryur liingtuu zhengyih, Rihbeen chukoou zhih Zhongguor xiahjiahng
&lt;pre&gt;
youryur liingtuu  zhengyih, Rihbeen chukoou zhih Zhongguor xiahjiahng
because territory dispute,  Japan   export  to   China     fall
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japan's exports to China have fallen further, as a territorial dispute between both nations hurt sales of Japanese products to Chinese consumers.

youryur liingtuu zhengyih suunhaih Rihbeen chaanpiin zaih Zhongguor d xiaoluh, Rihbeen chukoou zhih Zhongguor jihnyibuh xiahjiahng.
&lt;pre&gt;
youryur liingtuu  zhengyih suunhaih Rihbeen chaanpiin zaih Zhongguor d  xiaoluh, Rihbeen chukoou zhih Zhongguor jihnyibuh 
because territory dispute  hurt     Japan   products  at   China     's sales,   Japan   export  to   China     further   

xiahjiahng.
fall.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UK recognizes Syria rebels=====

UK cherngrehn Syria zaohfaanzhee
&lt;pre&gt;
UK cherngrehn Syria zaohfaanzhee
UK recognize  Syria rebels
&lt;/pre&gt;

The UK has decided to recognize the Syrian opposition coalition as the &quot;sole legitimate representative&quot; of the Syrian people, UK Foreign Secretary William Hague says.

UK Waihjiao Dahchern William Hague shuo: UK juedihng cherngrehn Syria faanduihpaih torngmerng weir Syria rernmirn d &quot;weiryi herfaa daihbiaao&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
UK Waihjiao Dahchern  William Hague shuo: UK juedihng cherngrehn Syria faanduihpaih       torngmerng weir  Syria rernmirn 
UK Foreign  Secretary William Hague say:  UK decide   recognize  Syria opposition faction coalition  to be Syria people   

d  &quot;weiryi herfaa daihbiaao&quot;.
's &quot;only   lawful representative&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Many injured in Cairo clashes=====

Cairo chongtu, duo rern shouhshang
&lt;pre&gt;
Cairo chongtu, duo  rern   shouhshang
Cairo clashes, many people be injured
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 61 people have been injured in clashes between protesters and police in the Egyptian capital, Cairo, health officials say.

weihsheng buhmern shuo: Egypt shooudu Cairo jiingchar yuu kahngyihzhee chongtu, zhihshaao 61 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
weihsheng buhmern    shuo: Egypt shooudu  Cairo jiingchar yuu  kahngyihzhee chongtu, zhihshaao 61 rern   shouhshang.
health    department say:  Egypt captital Cairo police    with protesters   clashes, at least  61 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-20====

=====Church vote rejects women bishops=====

jiaohhuih tourpiaoh fooujuer nvvxihng zhuujiaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
jiaohhuih tourpiaoh fooujuer nvvxihng zhuujiaoh
church    vote      veto     female   hishops
&lt;/pre&gt;

The general meeting of the Church of England has voted narrowly against the appointment of women as bishops.

Yingguor Jiaohhuih quarntii huihyih xiaaoliahng duoshuh fooujuer rehnmihng nvvxihng zhuujiaoh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yingguor Jiaohhuih quarntii huihyih xiaaoliahng duoshuh  fooujuer  rehnmihng nvvxihng zhuujiaoh.
England  Church    general  meeting little      majority vote down appoint   female   bishops.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Kenyans shot after army crackdown=====

junduih zhehnya shehsha Kenya-rern
&lt;pre&gt;
junduih zhehnya   shehsha          Kenya-rern
Army    crackdown kill by shooting Kenya people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 8 people have been shot and more than 50 wounded in an army crackdown in the north-eastern Kenyan town of Garissa, officials say.

guanfang shuo: Kenya dongbeeibuh shihzhehn Garissa junduih zhehnya, zhihshaao 8 rern beih shehsha, chaoguoh 50 shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Kenya dongbeeibuh shihzhehn Garissa junduih zhehnya,    zhihshaao 8 rern   beih shehsha, chaoguoh 50 shouhshang.
officials say:  Kenya northeast   town      Garissa army    crack down, at least  8 people be shot,      exceed   50 be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Rebels capture Democratic Republic of Congo city Goma=====

pahnjun duorquu Congo Mirnzhuu Gohngherguor cherngshih Goma
&lt;pre&gt;
pahnjun duorquu Congo Mirnzhuu   Gohngherguor cherngshih Goma
rebels  capture Congo Democratic Republic     city       Goma
&lt;/pre&gt;

Fighters from the M23 rebel group have captured Goma, the main city in resource-rich eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

M23 zaohfaan zuuzhi zhahnshih duorquu Congo Mirnzhuu Gohngherguor dongbuh ziyuarn fengfuh d zhuuyaoh cherngshih Goma.
&lt;pre&gt;
M23 zaohfaan zuuzhi       zhahnshih duorquu Congo Mirnzhuu   Gohngherguor dongbuh ziyuarn  fengfuh d  zhuuyaoh cherngshih Goma.
M23 rebel    organization fighters  capture Congo Democratic Republic     east    resource rich   's  main     city       Goma.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Mali Islamists claim that they occupy desert town=====

Mali Islam-zhuuyihzhee shengcheng zhahnliing shamoh shihzhehn
&lt;pre&gt;
Mali Islam-zhuuyihzhee shengcheng zhahnliing shamoh shihzhehn
Mali Islamist          claim      occupy     desert town
&lt;/pre&gt;

Militant Islamists in northern Mali say they have driven Tuareg-led rebels out of the desert town of Menaka.

Mali beeibuh Islam-zhuuyi wuuzhuang fehnzii shengcheng corng shamoh shihzhehn Menaka gaanzoou Tuareg liingdaao d pahnjun.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mali beeibuh Islam-zhuuyi wuuzhuang fehnzii shengcheng corng shamoh shihzhehn Menaka gaanzoou   Tuareg liingdaao d pahnjun.
Mali north   Islamists    armed     members claim      from  desert town      Menaka drive away Tuareg-led         rebels.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US home sales continue to rise=====

US zhuhzhair xiaoluh chirxuh shahngsheng
&lt;pre&gt;
US zhuhzhair xiaoluh chirxuh  shahngsheng
US residence sales   continue rise
&lt;/pre&gt;

Sales of previously-owned homes in the US rose by more than expected in October, a report suggests, a sign that confidence is returning to the economy.

baohgaoh zhiichu: US Shiryuehfehn erhshoou zhuhzhair xiaoluh chaoguoh yuhqi, xiaanshih jingjih xihnxin huifuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
baohgaoh zhiichu:   US Shiryuehfehn erhshoou   zhuhzhair xiaoluh chaoguoh yuhqi,       xiaanshih jingjih xihnxin    huifuh.
report   point out: US in October   secondhand residence sales   exceed   expectation, show      economy confidence resume.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-19====

=====China home prices rise in October=====

Zhongguor Shiryueh zhuhzhair jiahger shahngsheng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Shiryueh zhuhzhair jiahger shahngsheng
China     October  residence price   rise
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese property prices increase in 35 of the country's 70 main cities during October, indicating a small rebound in demand.

Zhongguor Shiryuehfehn 70 geh zhuuyaoh cherngshih zhizhong d 35 geh d dihchaan jiahger shahngsheng, xiaanshih xuqiur yoou xiaao d faandahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Shiryuehfehn 70 geh zhuuyaoh cherngshih zhizhong d  35 geh d  dihchaan jiahger shahngsheng, xiaanshih xuqiur yoou 
China     in October   70     main     city       inside   's 35     's property price   increase,    show      demand have 

xiaao d faandahn.
small   rebound.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Stampede in India, 14 die=====

India fasheng jiahntah shihjiahn, 14 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
India fasheng jiahntah shihjiahn, 14 sii
India happen  trample  incident,  14 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 14 people have been killed and many injured in a crush at a religious ceremony in Bihar, northern India.

India beeifang Bihar yigeh zongjiaoh diaanlii fasheng jiahntah shihjiahn, zhihshaao 14 rern siiwarng, duo rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
India beeifang Bihar yigeh zongjiaoh diaanlii fasheng jiahntah shihjiahn, zhihshaao 14 rern   siiwarng, duo  rern   shouhshang.
India north    Bihar a     religious ceremony happen  trample  incident,  at least  14 people die,      many people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Israel strikes a home in Gaza, 10 die=====

Israel gongji Gaza yigeh zhuhzhair, 10 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Israel gongji Gaza yigeh zhuhzhair, 10 sii
Israel attack Gaza a     residence, 10 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Israel attacks a residence in Gaza killing at least 10 people including 9 members of a family.

Israel xirji Gaza yigeh zhuhzhair, shasii zhihshaao 10 rern, baokuoh 9 geh jiatirng cherngyuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Israel xirji  Gaza yigeh zhuhzhair, shasii zhihshaao 10 rern,   baokuoh  9 geh jiatirng cherngyuarn.
Israel attack Gaza a     residence, kill   at least  10 people, included 9     family   member.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China street children die in bin as carbon monoxide poisoning=====

Zhongguor liurlahng'er xiangz lii yiyaanghuahtahn zhohngdur siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor liurlahng'err   xiangz lii    yiyaanghuahtahn zhohngdur siiwarng
China     street children bin    inside carbon monoxide poisoning die
&lt;/pre&gt;

5 street children die in southwest China in a large bin after breathe in carbon monoxide, state media say.

Guorjia meirtii shuo: Zhongguor xinarnbuh 5 geh errtorng zaih dah xiangz lii xiruh yiyaanghuahtahn siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guorjia meirtii shuo: Zhongguor xinarnbuh 5 geh errtorng zaih dah xiangz lii    xiruh      yiyaanghuahtahn siiwarng.
China   media   say:  China     southwest 5     children at   big box    inside breathe in carbon monoxide die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-18====

=====China approves Land Rover deal=====

Zhongguor pizhuun Land Rover jiaoyih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor pizhuun Land Rover jiaoyih
China     approve Land Rover deal
&lt;/pre&gt;

Jaguar Land Rover will start manufacturing vehicles in China for the first time after Beijing approved a £1bn joint venture.

Beeijing pizhuun £1bn herzi qiiyeh zhihou, Jaguar Land Rover huih shooucih zaih Zhongguor shengchaan qihche.
&lt;pre&gt;
Beeijing pizhuun £1bn herzi         qiiyeh     zhihou, Jaguar Land Rover huih shooucih   zaih Zhongguor shengchaan qihche.
Beijing  approve £1bn joint capital enterprise -after, Jaguar Land Rover will first time at   China     produce    car.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bangladesh slum fire kills at least 11=====

Bangladesh pirnmirnqu huoozai, zhihshaao 11 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Bangladesh pirnmirnqu huoozai,       zhihshaao 11 sii
Bangladesh slum area  fire disaster, at least  11 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 11 people have been killed in a fire in a shanty town outside the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka.

Bangladesh shooudu Dhaka waihweir yigeh pernghuhqu huoozai, zhihshaao 11 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Bangladesh shooudu Dhaka waihweir yigeh pernghuhqu  huoozai,       zhihshaao 11 rern   siiwarng.
Bangladesh capital Dhaka outside  a     shanty area fire disaster, at least  11 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-17====

=====Egypt train hits school bus, killing 51=====

Egypt huooche zhuahng xiaohche, 51 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Egypt huooche zhuahng xiaohche,   51 sii
Egypt train   hit     school bus, 51 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

50 children aged 4 to 6 years old and the driver of the school bus they were on were killed when their vehicle was hit by a train in central Egypt, officials said.

guanfang shuo: Egypt zhongbuh huooche zhuahng xiaohche, xiaohche shahng siji her 50 geh 4 zhih 6 suih errtorng siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
guanfang  shuo: Egypt zhongbuh        huooche zhuahng xiaohche,   xiaohche   shahng siji   her 50 geh 4 zhih 6 suih        
officials say:  Egypt central section train   hit     school bus, school bus -on    driver and 50     4 to   6 year of age 

errtorng siiwarng.
children die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-16====

=====Bomb kills Afghan wedding guests=====

zhahdahn shasii Afghanistan hunlii jiabin
&lt;pre&gt;
zhahdahn shasii Afghanistan hunlii  jiabin
bomb     kill   Afghanistan wedding guests
&lt;/pre&gt;

A roadside bomb in western Afghanistan has killed 17 people who were travelling in a wedding party.

Afghanistan xibuh luhbian zhahdahn shasii 17 geh qiarnwaang hunlii d jiabin.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan xibuh luhbian  zhahdahn shasii 17 geh qiarnwaang hunlii  d  jiabin.
Afghanistan west  roadside bomb     kill   17     go to      wedding 's guest.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Texas train hits veteran parade truck, killing 4=====

Texas huooche zhuahng tuihwuu junrern huache, 4 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Texas huooche zhuahng tuihwuu     junrern huache,       4 sii
Texas train   hit     demobilized soldier parade float, 4 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

A freight train in Texas has crashed into a parade float, killing 4 people and injuring 16 others.

Texas huohyuhn liehche zhuahng caaiche, 4 sii 16 shang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Texas huohyuhn liehche zhuahng  caaiche,      4 sii 16 shang.
Texas freight  train   run into parade float, 4 die 16 injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-15====

=====China confirms Xi Jinping as new leader=====

Zhongguor quehrehn Xir Jihnpirng weir xin liingxiuh
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor quehrehn Xir Jihnpirng weir  xin liingxiuh
China     conform  Xi  Jinping   to be new leader
&lt;/pre&gt;

China confirmed Xi Jinping as the leader for the next 10 years.

Zhongguor quehrehn Xir Jihnpirng weir weihlair 10 niarn d liingxiuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor quehrehn Xir Jihnpirng weir  weihlair 10 niarn d  liingxiuh.
China     confirm  Xi  Jinping   to be future   10 year  's leader.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eurozone goes into recession=====

Eurozone jingjih shuaituih
&lt;pre&gt;
Eurozone jingjih shuaituih
Eurozone economy decline
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Eurozone goes into recession for the first time in 3 years, the economy falls 0.1% between July and September.

Eurozone 3 niarn yiilair shooucih jingjih shuaituih, Qiyueh zhih Jiuuyueh jingjih xiahjiahng 0.1%.
&lt;pre&gt;
Eurozone 3 niarn yiilair shooucih   jingjih shuaituih, Qiyueh zhih Jiuuyueh  jingjih xiahjiahng 0.1%.
Eurozone 3 year  -since  first time economy decline,   July   to   September economy fall       0.1%.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-14====

=====UK unemployment falls to 2.51 million=====

UK shiyeh rernshuh xiahjiahng daoh 2.51 geh baaiwahn
&lt;pre&gt;
UK shiyeh       rernshuh         xiahjiahng daoh 2.51 geh baaiwahn
UK unemployment number of people fall       to   2.51     million
&lt;/pre&gt;

The number of people out of work in the UK has fallen to its lowest total for more than a year.

UK shiyeh rernshuh 1 niarn duo yiilair xiahjiahng zhih zuihdi.
&lt;pre&gt;
UK shiyeh       rernshuh         1 niarn duo   yiilair xiahjiahng zhih zuihdi.
UK unemployment number of people 1 year  -more -since  fall       to   lowest.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====1 die in South Africa vineyard clash=====

Narnfei purtaoryuarn chongtu, 1 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnfei      purtaoryuarn chongtu, 1 sii
South Africa vineyard     clash,   1 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

1 person has died in clashes between farm workers and police in South Africa's vineyard region.

Narnfei purtaoryuarn dihqu, norngchaang gongrern her jiingchar chongtu, 1 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnfei      purtaoryuarn dihqu,  norngchaang gongrern her jiingchar chongtu, 1 rern   siiwarng.
South Africa vineyard     region, farm        workers  and police    clash,   1 person die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Series of deadly bombings in Iraq=====

Iraq yixihlieh zhihmihng baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq yixihlieh zhihmihng baohzhah
Iraq a series of deadly blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 17 people have been killed and dozens wounded in bombings across Iraq, on the eve of the Islamic new year.

Islam xinniarn qiarnxi, zhahdahn baohzhah biahnbuh Iraq, zhihshaao 17 rern siiwarng, duo rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Islam xinniarn qiarnxi, zhahdahn baohzhah biahnbuh           Iraq, zhihshaao 17 rern   siiwarng, duo  rern   shouhshang.
Islam new year eve,     bomb     blasts   be spread all over Iraq, at least  17 people die,      many people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-13====

=====India fireworks blast kill 8=====

India yanhua baohzhah, 8 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
India yanhua    baohzhah, 8 sii
India fireworks blast,    8 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

8 people, including 7 members of the same family, have been killed in an explosion at a house where fireworks were being stored illegally in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

India beeibuh sheengfehn Uttar Pradesh yi jian feifaa chuucarng yanhua d zhuhzhair baohzhah, 8 rern siiwarng, baokuoh torngyi jiatirng d 7 geh cherngyuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
India beeibuh sheengfehn Uttar Pradesh yi jian feifaa    chuucarng yanhua    d  zhuhzhair baohzhah, 8 rern   siiwarng, baokuoh 
India north   province   Uttar Pradwsh a       illegally store     fireworks 's house     explode,  8 people die,      include 

torngyi jiatirng d  7 geh cherngyuarn.
same    family   's 7     member.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====At least 26 dead in Myanmar earthquake=====

Myanmar dihzhehn zhihshaao 26 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar dihzhehn   zhihshaao 26 sii
Myanmar earthquake at least  26 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 26 people have been killed and 10 missing following an earthquake that struck central regions of Myanmar on Sunday, the Myanmar Red Cross has said.

Myanmar Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Myanmar zhongbuh dihqu Xingqirih d dihzhehn zaohcherng zhihshaao 26 rern siiwarng, 10 rern shizong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Myanmar zhongbuh        dihqu  Xingqirih d  dihzhehn   zaohcherng zhihshaao 26 rern  siiwarng, 
Myanmar Red Cross        say:  Myanmar central section region Sunday    's earthquake to cause   at least  26 people die,     

10 rern   shizong.
10 people be missing.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Kabul rocket attack kills one=====

Kabul huoojiahn xirji yi rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Kabul huoojiahn xirji  yi  rern   siiwarng
Kabul rocket    attack one people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least one person has been killed and several injured in a rocket attack on the Afghan capital, Kabul, police say.

Jiingfang shuo: Afghanistan shooudu huoojiahn xirji, zhihshaao yi rern beihsha, jiigeh shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang shuo: Afghanistan shooudu huoojiahn xirji,  zhihshaao yi  rern   beihsha,   jiigeh  shouhshang.
Police    say:  Afghanistan capital rocket    attack, at least  one people be killed, several be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Gulf states recognize Syria opposition=====

Haaiwan guorjia cherngrehn Syria faanduihpaih
&lt;pre&gt;
Haaiwan guorjia   cherngrehn Syria faanduihpaih
Gulf    countries recognize  Syria opposition
&lt;/pre&gt;

6 Gulf states have recognised a new Syrian opposition coalition as the country's &quot;legitimate representative&quot;.

6 geh Haaiwan guorjia cherngrehn xin d Syria faanduihpaih liarnmerng weir guorjia d &quot;herfaa daihbiaao&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
6 geh Haaiwan guorjia   cherngrehn xin d Syria faanduihpaih liarnmerng weir  guorjia d &quot;herfaa daihbiaao&quot;.
6     Gulf    countries recognize  new   Syria oppositon    coalition  to be country's &quot;lawful representative&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-12====

=====US become &quot;biggest oil producer&quot;=====

Meeiguor cherngweir &quot;zuihdah chaanyourguor&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor cherngweir &quot;zuihdah chaanyourguor&quot;
US       become     &quot;biggest oil-producing country&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The US will replace Saudi Arabia as the world's biggest oil producer by 2017, the International Energy Agency say.

Guorjih Nernyuarn Zuuzhi shuo: Meeiguor huih yur 2017 niarn quudaih Saudi Arabia cherngweir shihjieh zuihdah chaanyourguor.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guorjih       Nernyuarn Zuuzhi       shuo: Meeiguor huih yur 2017 niarn quudaih Saudi Arabia cherngweir shihjieh zuihdah 
International Energy    Organization say:  US       will at  2017 year  replace Saudi Arabia become     world    biggest 

chaanyourguor.
oil producing country.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====130 die in Brazil gang violence=====

Brazil bangpaih baohlih, 130 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Brazil bangpaih baohlih,  130 sii
Brazil gang     violence, 130 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 130 people have died in the last two weeks in violence between police and a gang in Brazil's largest city, Sao Paulo.

Brazil zuihdah cherngshih Sao Paulo, guohquh liaang xingqi, jiingchar her bangpaih zhijian d baohlih, zhihshaao 130 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Brazil zuihdah cherngshih Sao Paulo, guohquh  liaang xingqi, jiingchar her bangpaih zhijian  d  baohlih,  zhihshaao 130 rern   
Brazil largest city       Sao Paulo, formerly two    week,   police    and gang     -between 's violence, at least  130 people 

siiwarng.
die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Lung cancer in women &quot;rise sharply&quot;=====

Nvvrern huahn feih'air &quot;dahfurduh zengjia&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Nvvrern huahn       feih'air    &quot;dahfurduh     zengjia&quot;
Women   to contract lung cancer &quot;substantially increase&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The number of women to contract lung cancer in the UK will rise obviously faster than the number of men with the disease over the next 30 years, experts say.

Zhuanjia shuo: Yingguor 30 niarn neih nvvxihng huahn feih'air rerhshuh huih mirngxiaan '''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#D|dy]]''' bii narnxihng zengzhaang '''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#D|de]]''' kuaih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhuanjia shuo: Yingguor 30 niarn neih    nvvxihng huahn       feih'air    rerhshuh         huih mirngxiaan dy bii         
Experts  say:  UK       30 year  -within woman    to contract lung cancer number of people will obviously     compared to 

narnxihng zengzhaang de kuaih.
man       increase      fast.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====42 Kenya police killed=====

42 geh Kenya jiingchar beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
42 geh Kenya jiingchar beihsha
42     Kenya police    killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 42 police were killed over the weekend in Northern Kenya

Kenya beeibuh zhihshaao 42 geh jiingchar zaih zhoumoh beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya beeibuh zhihshaao 42 geh jiingchar zaih zhoumoh beihsha.
Kenya north   at least  42     police    at   weekend be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Japan economy enters contraction=====

Rihbeen jingjih shousou
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen jingjih shousou
Japan   economy shrink
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japan's economy contracts in the July to September quarter as a global slowdown hurts exports and domestic consumption continues to remain subdued.

Youryur quarnqiur fahnghuaan daaji chukoou her guorneih xiaofeih chirxuh buzhehn, Rihbeen Qiyueh zhih Jiuuyueh jihduh jingjih shousuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur quarnqiur fahnghuaan daaji chukoou her guorneih xiaofeih    chirxuh  buzhehn,   Rihbeen Qiyueh zhih Jiuuyueh  
Because global    slowdown   hit   export  and domestic consumption continue depressed, Japan   July   to   September 

jihduh            jingjih shousuo.
quarter of a year economy shrink.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UK soldier killed in Afghanistan=====

Afghanistan Yingjun beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan Yingjun    beihsha
Afghanistan UK soldier be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

A British soldier has been killed by a person wearing an Afghan army uniform, the Ministry of Defence says.

Guorfarngbuh shuo: Yigeh Yingjun beih yigeh chuan Afghanistan junfur d rern shasii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guorfarngbuh        shuo: Yigeh Yingjun    beih yigeh chuan Afghanistan junfur       d  rern   shasii.
Ministry of Defence say:  A     UK soldier by   a     wear  Afghanistan army uniform 's person kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-11====

=====6 Palestinians killed by Israel air strikes=====

Israel kongxir shasii 6 geh Palestine rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Israel kongxir     shasii 6 geh Palestine rern
Israel air strikes kill   6     Palestinian
&lt;/pre&gt;

Hamas officials said Israel air strikes killed 6 Palestinians.

Hamas guanfang shuo Israel kongxir shasii 6 geh Palestine rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Hamas guanfang  shuo Israel kongxir    shasii 6 geh Palestine rern.
Hamas officials say  Israel air strike kill   6     Palestine people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Myanmar hit by strong earthquake=====

Myanmar qiarnglieh dihzhehn
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar qiarnglieh dihzhehn
Myanmar strong     earthquake
&lt;/pre&gt;

A 6.8-magnitude earthquake strikes central Myanmar, with at least 12 people feared dead and dozens more injured.

Myanmar zhongbuh 6.8 jir dihzhehn, koongpah zhihshaao 12 rern siiwarng, jiishir shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar zhongbuh        6.8 jir   dihzhehn,   koongpah zhihshaao 12 rern   siiwarng, jiishir      shouhshang.
Myanmar central section 6.8 grade earthquake, probably at least  12 people die,      several tens be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan attack kills 6=====

Afghanistan d xirji, 6 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan d  xirji,  6 sii
Afghanistan 's attack, 6 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

6 people killed, included a mother and her newborn baby, by a roadside bomb in eastern Afghanistan, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh luhbian zhahdahn shasii 6 rern, baokuoh yigeh muuqin her ta d xinsheng ying'err.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh luhbian  zhahdahn shasii 6 rern,   baokuoh yigeh muuqin her ta d xinsheng ying'err.
Officials say:  Afghanistan east    roadside bomb     kill   6 people, include a     mother and her  newborn  baby.
&lt;/pre&gt;

Kenya police killed by attack

Kenya jiingchar beih xirji siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya jiingchar beih xirji  siiwarng
Kenya police    be attacked die
&lt;/pre&gt;

4 police officers have died during an ambush in northern Kenya.

Kenya beeibuh 4 geh jiingchar beih furji siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya beeibuh 4 geh jiingchar beih furji    siiwarng.
Kenya north   4     police    be   ambushed die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-10====

=====Shop collapse in Ghana, 18 confirmed dead=====

Ghana shangdiahn daaotah, zhehngshir 18 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Ghana shangdiahn daaotah,  zhehngshir 18 sii
Ghana shop       collapse, confirm    18 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Rescue teams have recovered more bodies from the rubble of a multi-storey shopping center in Ghana's capital, Accra, which collapsed on Wednesday.

Ghana shooudu Accra Xingqisan daaotah d duocerng gouhwuh shangchaang, jiuhyuarnduih corng feihxu zhaaodaoh gehngduo shitii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ghana shooudu Accra Xingqisan daaotah  d  duocerng    gouhwuh  shangchaang, jiuhyuarnduih corng feihxu zhaaodaoh gehngduo shitii.
Ghana capital Accra Wednesday collapse 's multistorey shopping center,      rescue team   from  ruins  found     more     body.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Turkish helicopter crash kills 17=====

Turkey zhirshengji zhuihhuii, 17 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Turkey zhirshengji zhuihhuii,      17 sii
Turkey helicopter   fall and crash, 17 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

17 Turkish soldiers have been killed in a helicopter crash in the south-east of the country, Turkish officials say.

Turkey guanfang shuo: Yi jiah zhirshengji zaih dongnarnbuh zhuihhuii, 17 geh Turkey shihbing siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Turkey guanfang  shuo: Yi jiah zhirshengji zaih dongnarnbuh zhuihhuii,      17 geh Turkey shihbing siiwarng.
Turkey officials say:  A       helicopter  at   southeast   fall and crash, 17     Turkey soldier  die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-09====

=====Deadly clashes at Sri Lanka jail=====

Sri Lanka jianyuh zhihmihng chongtu
&lt;pre&gt;
Sri Lanka jianyuh zhihmihng chongtu
Sri Lanka jail    deadly    clash
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 27 people have died in clashes between prisoners and guards at Sri Lanka's Welikada prison in the capital Colombo, hospital say.

Yiyuahn shuo: Sri Lanka shooudu Colombo Welikada jianyuh, jiingweih yuu fahnrern chongtu, zhihshaao 27 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yiyuahn  shuo: Sri Lanka shooudu Colombo Welikada jianyuh, jiingweih yuu  fahnrern  chongtu, zhihshaao 27 rern   siiwarng.
Hospital say:  Sri Lanka capital Colombo Welikada prison,  guards    with prisoners clash,   at least  27 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China Xizang protest=====

Zhongguor Xizahng kahngyih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Xizahng kahngyih
China     Xizang  protest
&lt;/pre&gt;

Thousands of Tibetans have protested in western China, demanding independence and the return of exiled spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, activists say.

Huoryuehfehnzii shuo: Zhongguor xibuh jiiqian Xizangrern kahngyih, yaoqiur durlih her liurmarng jingshern liingxiuh Dalai Lama huirgui.
&lt;pre&gt;
Huoryuehfehnzii shuo: Zhongguor xibuh jiiqian            Xizangrern    kahngyih, yaoqiur durlih       her liurmarng jingshern 
Activist        say:  China     west  several thousands  Xizang people protest,  demand  independence and exiled    spiritual 

liingxiuh Dalai Lama huirgui.
leader    Dalai Lama return.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Many dead in Myanmar train crash=====

Myanmar huooche zhuahnghuii, duo rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar huooche zhuahnghuii, duo  rern   siiwarng
Myanmar train   crash,       many people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 25 people are killed and dozens injured in northern Myanmar when a train carrying petrol derails and bursts into flames.

Myanmar beeibuh yi lieh yuhnzaih qihyour d huooche chuguii, baohzhah zhaorhuoo, zhihshaao 25 rern siiwarng, jiishir shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar beeibuh yi lieh yuhnzaih qihyour d  huooche chuguii, baohzhah zhaorhuoo,  zhihshaao 25 rern   siiwarng, jiishir      
Myanmar north   a       carry    petrol  's train   derail,  explode  catch fire, at least  25 people die,      several tens 

shouhshang.
be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====3 police killed in northern Nigeria=====

Nigeria beeibuh 3 geh jiingchar beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria beeibuh 3 geh jiingchar beihsha
Nigeria north   3     police    be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

Suspected Islamist militants have killed 3 police officers in a raid on a police station in northern Nigeria.

Xiarnyir d Islam-zhuuyih wuuzhuangfehnzii xirji Nigeria beeibuh yigeh jiingcharjur, shasii 3 geh jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Xiarnyir d Islam-zhuuyih wuuzhuangfehnzii xirji  Nigeria beeibuh yigeh jiingcharjur,   shasii 3 geh jiingchar.
Suspected  Islamist      militants        attack Nigeria north   a     police station, kill   3     police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-08====

=====Samsung's Galaxy S3 beats Apple's iPhone=====

Samsung Galaxy S3 daabaih Apple iPhone
&lt;pre&gt;
Samsung Galaxy S3 daabaih Apple iPhone
Samsung Galaxy S3 defeat  Apple iPhone
&lt;/pre&gt;

South Korean electronics firm Samsung's Galaxy S3 has outsold Apple's iPhone 4S for the first time, becoming the world's best-selling smartphone, says research firm Strategy Analytics.

Diaohchar gongsi Strategy Analytics shuo: Harnguor diahnzii gongsi Samsung d Galaxy S3 xiaoshouhliahng shooucih shehngguoh Apple d iPhone 4S, cherngweir shihjieh zuih chahngxiao d zhihnerng shoouji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Diaohchar gongsi  Strategy Analytics shuo: Harnguor    diahnzii    gongsi  Samsung d  Galaxy S3 xiaoshouhliahng shooucih   
Research  company Strategy Analytics say:  South Korea electronics company Samsung 's Galaxy S3 sales volume    first time 

shehngguoh Apple d  iPhone 4S, cherngweir shihjieh zuih chahngxiao d  zhihnerng   shoouji.
excel      Apple 's iPhone 4S, become     world    most sell well  's intelligent portable phone.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China to deepen economic reforms=====

Zhongguor jiashen jingjih gaaiger
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor jiashen jingjih gaaiger
China     deepen  economy reform
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's President Hu Jintao has said the country will deepen its economic reforms and boost domestic demand to spur a new wave of growth.

Zhongguor zoongtoong Hur Jiintao shuo jiashen jingjih gaaiger her zengjia neihxu yii cihji jingjih zengzhaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor zoongtoong Hur Jiintao shuo jiashen jingjih gaaiger her zengjia  neihxu          yii         cihji     jingjih 
China     president  Hu  Jintao  say  deepen  economy reform  and increase internal demand in order to stimulate economy 

zengzhaang.
growth.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Karachi bomb attack &quot;3 die&quot;=====

Karachi zhahdahn xirji &quot;3 sii&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Karachi zhahdahn xirji  &quot;3 sii&quot;
Karachi bomb     attack &quot;3 die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 3 soldiers were killed and many others injured in a suicide bomb attack on a military base in the Pakistani city of Karachi, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Zihshashih zhahdahn xirji Pakistan cherngshih Karachi yigeh junshi jidih, zhihshaao 3 geh shihbing siiwarng, heen duo shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang shuo: Zihshashih    zhahdahn xirji  Pakistan cherngshih Karachi yigeh junshi   jidih, zhihshaao 3 geh shihbing siiwarng, 
Officials say: Suicide style bomb     attack Pakistan city       Karachi a     military base,  at least  3     soldier  die,      

heen duo shouhshang.
many     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghanistan bomb attacks &quot;kill 20&quot;=====

Afghanistan zhahdahn xirji &quot;20 sii&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zhahdahn xirji  &quot;20 sii&quot;
Afghanistan bomb     attack &quot;20 die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 20 people, including 12 civilians, have been killed in 4 separate militant attacks in Afghanistan, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Afghanistan 4 cih wuuzhuang fehnzii xirji, zhihshaao 20 rern baokuoh 12 geh pirngmirn siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan 4 cih   wuuzhuang fehnzii xirji,   zhihshaao 20 rern   baokuoh 12 geh pirngmirn siiwarng.
Officials say:  Afghanistan 4       armed     member  attack,  at least  20 people include 12     civilian  die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-07====

=====Suicide blast kills top Pakistan police officer=====

Zihshashih baohzhah shasii gaoji Pakistan jiingguan
&lt;pre&gt;
Zihshashih baohzhah shasii gaoji Pakistan jiingguan
Suicide    blast    kill   top   Pakistan police officer
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber in north-western Pakistan has killed a senior police officer and at least 4 other people in the city of Peshawar, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Pakistan xibeeibuh cherngshih Peshawar zihshashih zhahdahn shasii yi geh gaoji jiingguan her zhihshaao lihngwaih 4 geh rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Pakistan xibeeibuh cherngshih Peshawar zihshashih    zhahdahn shasii yi geh gaoji jiingguan       her zhihshaao 
Officials say:  Pakistan northwest city       Peshawar suicide style bomb     kill   a      senior police officer and at least  

lihngwaih 4 geh rern.
other     4     people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Strong earthquake off Guatemala=====

Guatemala haai'ahn fuhjihn qiarnglieh dihzhehn
&lt;pre&gt;
Guatemala haai'ahn fuhjihn  qiarnglieh dihzhehn
Guatemala coast    vicinity strong     earthquake
&lt;/pre&gt;

A 7.4-magnitude earthquake has struck off Guatemala's Pacific coast, at least 52 people are killed and many missing.

7.4 jir dihzhehn daaji Guatemala Taihpirng Yarng haai'an, zhihshaao 52 rern siiwarng, duo rern shizong.
&lt;pre&gt;
7.4 jir   dihzhehn   daaji Guatemala Taihpirng Yarng haai'an, zhihshaao 52 rern   siiwarng, duo  rern   shizong.
7.4 grade earthquake hit   Guatemala Pacific   Ocean coast,   at least  52 people die,      many people be missing.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Obama wins election=====

Obama yirngder xuaanjuu
&lt;pre&gt;
Obama yirngder xuaanjuu
Obama win      election
&lt;/pre&gt;

Barack Obama wins election for second term as president.

Barack Obama yirngder dih-2 rehnqi zoongtoong xuaanjuu.
&lt;pre&gt;
Barack Obama yirngder dih-2 rehnqi         zoongtoong xuaanjuu.
Barack Obama win      2nd   term of office president  election.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Dementia &quot;second leading cause of deaths in women&quot;=====

Chidaizhehng shih &quot;nvvrern dih-2 zhuuyaoh siiwarng yuanyin&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Chidaizhehng shih &quot;nvvrern dih-2 zhuuyaoh siiwarng yuanyin&quot;
Dementia     is   &quot;women   2nd   main     death    cause&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Dementia is the second highest cause of death among women, figures show.

Shuhzih xiaanshih: Chidaizhehng shih nvvrern dih-2 zuihgao siiwarng yuarnyin.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shuhzih xiaanshih: Chidaizhehng shih nvvrern dih-2 zuihgao siiwarng yuarnyin.
Figures show:      Dementia     is   women   2nd   highest death    cause.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-06====

=====UK &quot;faces depression until 2014&quot;=====

UK &quot;miahnduih shuaituih zhirzhih 2014&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
UK &quot;miahnduih shuaituih zhirzhih 2014&quot;
UK &quot;to face   recession until    2014&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The UK economy will remain in a period of depression for two more years, a leading think tank says.

Zhuuyaoh zhihnarngtuarn shuo: UK jingjih huih yarnxuh  liaang niarn shuaituih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhuuyaoh zhihnarngtuarn shuo: UK jingjih huih yarnxuh  liaang niarn shuaituih.
Main     think tank     say:  UK economy will continue two    year  decline.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Blast kills 27 at Iraq army base=====

Iraq junshih jidih baohzhah, 27 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq junshih jidih baohzhah, 27 sii
Iraq junshih jidih explode,  27 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 27 people have been killed by a car bomb that exploded at the entrance to an Iraqi army base near Baghdad, police and medics say.

Jiingfang her yisheng shuo: Qihche zhahdahn zaih kaohjin Baghdad d Iraq junshih jidih ruhkoou baohzhah, zhihshaao 27 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang her yisheng shuo: Qihche zhahdahn zaih kaohjin Baghdad d  Iraq junshih  jidih ruhkoou baohzhah, zhihshaao 27 rern 
Police    and medics  say:  Car    bomb     at   near    Baghdad 's Iraq military base  entrance explode, at least  27 people 

beihsha.
be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====South African police &quot;planted weapons&quot;=====

Narnfei jiingchar &quot;zaizang wuuqih&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnfei      jiingchar &quot;zaizang  wuuqih&quot;
South Africa police    &quot;to plant weapons&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

South African police have been accused of planting weapons near the bodies of workers killed during strikes at the Marikana platinum mine.

Narnfei jiingchar beih qiaanzer zaih beihsha d Marikana bairjin kuahngchaang bahgong gongrern d sitii fuhjihn zaizang wuuqih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnfei jiingchar beih qiaanzer zaih beihsha d Marikana bairjin  kuahngchaang bahgong gongrern d  sitii  fuhjihn  zaizang  wuuqih.
South   Africa    be accused    at   be killed Marikana platinum mine         strike  workers  's bodies vicinity to plant weapons.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Several killed in Syria car bombings=====

Syria qihche zhahdahn shasii jiigeh rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria qihche zhahdahn shasii jiigeh rern
Syria car    bomb     kill   several people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A number of people have been killed in 2 car bomb attacks in Syria.

Syria 2 cih qihche zhahdahn xirji, yixie rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria 2 cih qihche zhahdahn xirji,  yixie rern   beihsha.
Syria 2     car    bomb     attack, some  people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-05====

=====Number of jobless in Spain increases sharply 2.7% in October=====

Spain Shiryuehfehn shiyeh shuzih meengzeng 2.7%
&lt;pre&gt;
Spain Shiryuehfehn shiyeh  shuzih meengzeng        2.7%
Spain in October   jobless number increase sharply 2.7%
&lt;/pre&gt;

The number of people looking for work in Spain rose by 2.7% in October, marking the third month in a row that unemployment levels have risen.

Spain Shiryuehfehn shiye rernshuh shahngsheng 2.7%, xiaanshih liarnxuh dih-3 geh yueh shiyeh shahngsheng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Spain Shiryuehfehn shiye   rernshuh         shahngsheng 2.7%, xiaanshih liarnxuh   dih-3 geh yueh  shiyeh       shahngsheng.
Spain October      jobless number of people rise        2.7%, show      continuous 3rd       month unemployment rise.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UK service sector growth &quot;slows&quot;=====

UK furwuh harngyeh zengzhaang &quot;fahnghuaan&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
UK furwuh harngyeh zengzhaang &quot;fahnghuaan&quot;
UK sevice sector   growth     &quot;slow down&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Activity in the UK service sector grew at its slowest pace in 2 years in October, a survey has suggested.

Diaohchar xiaanshih: UK Shiryuehfehn furwuh harngyeh zengzhaang, 2 niarn lair zuih mahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Diaohchar xiaanshih: UK Shiryuehfehn furwuh  harngyeh zengzhaang, 2 niarn lair   zuih mahn.
Survey    show:      UK in October   service sector   growth,     2 year  -since most slow.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China service sector growth rises=====

Zhongguor furwuh harngyeh zengzhaang shahngsheng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor furwuh  harngyeh zengzhaang shahngsheng
China     service sector   growth     rise
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's services sector rose in October, showing that its economic growth may be rebounding.

Zhongguor shiryuehfehn furwuh harngyeh shahngsheng, xiaanshih jingjih zengzhaang faandahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor shiryuehfehn furwuh  harngyeh shahngsheng, xiaanshih jingjih zengzhaang faandahn.
China     in October   service sector   rise,        show      economy growth     rebound.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Saudi border guards die in ambush=====

Saudi bianjieh weihbing beih furji siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Saudi bianjieh weihbing beih furji  siiwarng
Saudi border   guards   be ambushed die
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 Saudi border guards are killed in an ambush by gunmen in the south of the country, near the border with Yemen, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Saudi narnbuh kaohjihn Yemen bianjihng, 2 geh Saudi bianjihng weihbing beih qiangshoou furji siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Saudi narnbuh kaohjihn Yemen bianjihng, 2 geh Saudi bianjihng weihbing beih qiangshoou furji  siiwarng.
Officials say:  Saudi south   near     Yemen border,    2     Saudi border    guards   by   gunmen     ambush die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bahrain bomb blasts kill 2 foreign workers=====

Bahrain zhadahn baohzhah shasii 2 geh waihguor gongrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Bahrain zhadahn baohzhah shasii 2 geh waihguor gongrern
Bahrain bomb    blasts   kill   2     foreign  workers
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 foreign workers have been killed and a third seriously injured by bomb blasts in Bahrain, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Bahrain zhahdahn baohzhah, 2 geh waihguor gongrern siiwarng, 1 geh zhohngshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Bahrain zhahdahn baohzhah, 2 geh waihguor gongrern siiwarng, 1 geh zhohngshang.
Officials say:  Bahrain bomb     blasts,   2     foreign  workers  die,      1     serious wound.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====22 killed in India rains=====

India dahyuu, 22 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
India dahyuu,     22 sii
India heavy rain, 22 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 22 people have been killed by heavy rains in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, say state media.

Guorjia meirtii shuo: India sheengfehn Andhra Pradesh dahyuu, zhihshaao 22 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guorjia meirtii shuo: India sheengfehn Andhra Pradesh dahyuu,     zhihshaao 22 rern   siiwarng.
State   media   say:  India province   Andhra Pradesh heavy rain, at least  22 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Car bomb &quot;kills child&quot; in Turkey=====

Turkey qihche zhahdahn &quot;shasii errtorng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Turkey qihche zhahdahn &quot;shasii errtorng&quot;
Turkey car    bomb     &quot;kill   child&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

An 11-year-old child is killed when Kurdish rebels set off a car bomb in the south-eastern Turkish town of Semdinli.

Turkey dongnarnbuh shihzhehn Semdinli, Kurd-rern zaohfaanzhee yiinbaoh qihche zhahdahn, shasii yi geh 11 suih errtorng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Turkey dongnarnbuh shihzhehn Semdinli, Kurd-rern   zaohfaanzhee yiinbaoh qihche zhahdahn, shasii yi geh 11 suih        errtorng.
Turkey southeast   town      Semdinli, Kurd-people rebel        detonate car    bomb,     kill   a      11 year of age child.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria rebels &quot;capture oilfield&quot;=====

Syria pahnjun &quot;duorquu yourtiarn&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria pahnjun    &quot;duorquu yourtiarn&quot;
Syria rebel army &quot;capture oilfield&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Syrian rebels capture a key oilfield in eastern Deir Ezzor province, activists say.

Jijirfehnzii shuo: Syria pahnjun duorquu dongbuh sheengfehn Deir Ezzor zhuuyaoh yourtiarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jijirfehnzii shuo: Syria pahnjun    duorder dongbuh sheengfehn Deir Ezzor zhuuyaoh yourtiarn.
Activists     say: Syria rebel army capture east    province   Deir Ezzor main     oilfield.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-04====

=====Deadly church attack in Kenya=====

Kenya zhihmihng jiaohtarng xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya zhihmihng jiaohtarng xirji
Kenya deadly    church     attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

A policeman is killed and 11 people are injured in a grenade attack on a church in eastern Kenya, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Shoouliurdahn xirji Kenya dongbuh jiaohtarng, yi geh jiingchar beihsha, 11 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Shoouliurdahn xirji  Kenya dongbuh jiaohtarng, yi geh jiingchar beihsha,   11 rern   shouhshang.
Officials say:  Grenade       attack Kenya east    church,     a      policeman be killed, 11 people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-03====

=====Gunmen kill 3 police in Sinai=====

Sinai qiangshoou shasii 3 geh jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Sinai qiangshoou shasii 3 geh jiingchar
Sinai gunmen     kill   3     police
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 Egyptian police and a soldier are killed by gunmen in the northern Sinai city of El Arish, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Sinai beeibuh cherngshih El Arish qiangshoou shasii 2 geh Egypt jiingchar her yi geh shihbing.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Sinai beeibuh cherngshih El Arish qiangshoou shasii 2 geh Egypt jiingchar her yi geh shihbing.
Officials say:  Sinai north   city       El Arish gunmen     kill   2     Egypt police    and a      soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan bomb kills politician=====

Pakistan zhahdahn shasii zhehngzhihjia
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan zhahdahn shasii zhehngzhihjia
Pakistan bomb     kill   politician
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb attack in the north-west Pakistani city of Buner has killed a local anti-Taliban politician and 3 of his guards, police say.

Jiingfang shuo: Pakistan xibeeibuh cherngshih Buner zhahdahn xirji shasii yi geh dangdih faan-Taliban zhehngzhihjia her ta d 3 geh baaobiao.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang shuo: Pakistan xibeeibuh cherngshih Buner zhahdahn xirji  shasii yi geh dangdih faan-Taliban zhehngzhihjia her ta d 
Police    say:  Pakistan northwest city       Buner bomb     attack kill   a      local   anti-Taliban politician    and his  

3 geh baaobiao.
3     bodyguard.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-02====

=====Saudi Arabia fuel truck crash kills 22=====

Saudi Arabia rarnliaoh huohche zhuahnghuii, 22 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Saudi Arabia rarnliaoh huohche zhuahnghuii, 22 sii
Saudi Arabia fuel      truck   crash,       22 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 22 people are reported to have been killed when a fuel truck crashed and exploded in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh.

Saudi Arabia shoodu Riyadh yi jiah rarnliaoh huohche zhuahnghuii baohzhah, juhbaoh zhihshaao 22 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Saudi Arabia shoodu  Riyadh yi jiah rarnliaoh huohche zhuahnghuii baohzhah, juhbaoh    zhihshaao 22 rern   siiwarng.
saudi Arabia capital Riyadh a       fuel      truck   crash       explode,  reportedly at least  22 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====4 Afghan police killed in &quot;insider attack&quot;=====

&quot;jurneihrern xirji&quot;, 4 geh Afghanistan jiingchar siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;jurneihrern xirji&quot;,  4 geh Afghanistan jiingchar siiwarng
&quot;Insider     attack&quot;, 4     Afghanistan police    die
&lt;/pre&gt;

4 Afghan policemen have been shot dead in an apparent &quot;insider attack&quot; by their colleagues, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Zaih yi cih mirngxiaan d &quot;jurneihrern xirji&quot;, 4 geh Afghanistan jiingchar beih torngshih shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang shuo: Zaih yi cih mirngxiaan d &quot;jurneihrern xirji&quot;,  4 geh Afghanistan jiingchar beih torngshih shehsha.
Offices  say:  At   a      apparent     &quot;insider     attack&quot;, 4     Afghanistan police    by   colleagues kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Petrol station   attack &quot;kills 18&quot; in Pakistan=====

Pakistan jiayourzhahn xirji, &quot;18 sii&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan jiayourzhahn   xirji,  &quot;18 sii&quot;
Pakistan petrol station attack, &quot;18 die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 18 people have been killed after attackers opened fire at a petrol station in south-western Pakistan, triggering a huge blaze, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Qiangshoou xirji Pakistan xinarnbuh jiayourzhahn yiinqii dahhuoo, zhihshaao 18 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Qiangshoou xirji  Pakistan xinarnbuh jiayourzhahn yiinqii  dahhuoo,  zhihshaao 18 rern   siiwarng.
Officials say:  Gunmen     attack Pakistan southwest gas station  to cause big fire, at least  18 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria rebels may have committed war crime=====

Syria pahnjun keenerng fahnle zhahnzhengzuih
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria pahnjun    keenerng fahnle    zhahnzhengzuih
Syria rebel army may      committed war crime
&lt;/pre&gt;

The UN says a video that appears to show Syrian rebels murdering government soldiers or pro-government militiamen could be evidence of a war crime.

UN shuo: Luhxiahng xiaanshih Syria zaohfaanzhee moursha zhehngfuujun huohzhee qin-zhehngfuu mirnbing, keenerng shih zhahnzheng fahnzuih zhehngjuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
UN shuo: Luhxiahng xiaanshih Syria zaohfaanzhee moursha zhehngfuujun    huohzhee qin-zhehngfuu  mirnbing, keenerng shih 
UN say:  Video     show      Syria rebels       murder  government army or       pro-government militia,  may      be   

zhahnzhengzuih zhehngjuh.
war crime      evidence.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;Youths executed&quot; in Nigeria city=====

Nigeria cherngshi &quot;niarnqingrern beih chuujuer&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria cherngshi &quot;niarnqingrern beih chuujuer&quot;
Nigeria city      &quot;youths        be exectued&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Dozens of young men have been shot dead in Nigeria by the military in Maiduguri, residents in the north-eastern city tell the BBC.

Nigeria dongbeeibu cherngshih Maiduguri jumirn gaohsuh BBC, jiishir geh niarnqingrern beih junfang shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria dongbeeibu cherngshih Maiduguri jumirn    gaohsuh BBC, jiishir geh niarnqingrern beih junfang      shehsha.
Nigeria northeast  city       Maiduguri residents tell    BBC, dozens      young men     by   the military kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US economy adds 171,000 new jobs=====

US jingjih zengjia 171,000 xin zhirweih
&lt;pre&gt;
US jingjih zengjia  171,000 xin zhirweih
US economy increase 171,000 new job
&lt;/pre&gt;

The US economy added 171,000 new jobs in October, which was much more than had been expected.

US jingjih Shiryuehfehn zengjia 171,000 geh xin zhirweih, bii yuhqi gehngduo.
&lt;pre&gt;
US jingjih Shiryuehfehn zengjia  171,000 geh xin zhirweih, bii         yuhqi       gehngduo.
US economy in October   increase 171,000     new job,      compared to expectation more.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Manufacturing in China rises=====

Zhongguor gongyeh shengchaan shahngsheng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor gongyeh  shengchaan shahngsheng
China     industry production rise
&lt;/pre&gt;

Manufacturing activity in China expanded for the first time in 3 months, a sign that the country could be recovering from its slowest pace of growth in three years.

Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh huordohng 3 geh yueh yiilair shooucih zengjia, xiaanshih jingjih keenerng corng 3 niarn lair zuih mahn d zhengzhaang fuhsu.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh   huordohng 3 geh yueh  yiilair shooucih   zengjia,  xiaanshih jingjih keenerng corng 3 niarn lair   
China     manufacturing activity  3     month -since  first time increase, show      economy maybe    from  3 year  -since 

zuih mahn d  zhengzhaang fuhsu.
most slow 's growth      recover.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China Internet cafe worker jailed=====

Zhongguor Internet kafeidiahn gongrern beih jianjihn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Internet kafeidiahn gongrern beih jianjihn
China     Internet cafe       worker   be jailed
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Chinese Internet cafe worker who posted pro-democracy articles online is sentenced to 8 years in prison, his lawyer says.

Zhongguor Internet kafeidiahn gongrern waangshahng fabiaao qin-mirnzhuu wernzhang beih pahn ruhyuh 8 niarn, ta d lvhshi shuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Internet kafeidiahn gongrern waangshahng fabiaao qin-mirnzhuu  wernzhang beih pahn      ruhyuh       8 niarn, ta d 
China     Internet cafe       worker    online      issue   pro-democracy article   be   sentenced go to prison 8 year,  its  

lvhshi shuo.
lawyer say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-11-01====

=====South Korean exports rise after 4 months of decline=====

Harnguor chukoou zaih 4 'ge yueh xiahjiahng zhihouh huirsheng
&lt;pre&gt;
Harnguor    chukoou zaih 4 'ge yueh  xiahjiahng zhihouh huirsheng
South Korea export  at   4     month decline    -after  rise again
&lt;/pre&gt;

South Korean exports have risen for the first time in four months, raising hope that the economy could be starting to recover.

Harnguor chukoou 4 'ge yueh yiilair shooucih shahngsheng, yiinqii jingjih keenerng kaishii fuhsu d xiwahng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Harnguor    chukoou 4 'ge yueh  yiilair shooucih   shahngsheng, yiinqii jingjih keenerng kaishii fuhsu   d  xiwahng.
South Korea export  4     month -since  first time rise,        raise   economy maybe    start   recover 's hope.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-31====

=====Civilians killed by Afghan bomb=====

Afghanistan zhahdahn shasii pirngmirn
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zhahdahn shasii pirngmirn
Afghanistan bomb     kill   civilians
&lt;/pre&gt;

A roadside bomb in the southern Afghan province of Helmand has killed at least 10 civilians, officials say, most of them women and children.

Guanfang shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh sheengfehn Helmand yi 'ge luhbian zhahdahn shasii zhihshaao 10 'ge pirngmirn, dahbuh'fen shih fuhrur.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh sheengfehn Helmand yi 'ge luhbian  zhahdahn shasii zhihshaao 10 'ge pirngmirn, dahbuh'fen shih 
Officials say:  Afghanistan south   province   Helmand a      roadside bomb     kill   at least  10     civilians, major part is   

fuhrur.
women and children.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====South Africa guards &quot;shoot dead 2 miners&quot;=====

Narnfei jiingweih &quot;shehsha 2 'ge kuahnggong&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnfei      jiingweih &quot;shehsha          2 'ge kuahnggong&quot;
South Africa guards    &quot;kill by shooting 2     miners
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 miners have been shot dead during clashes at a coal mine in South Africa.

2 'ge kuahnggong zaih Narnfei yi 'ge meirkuahng chongtu qijian beih shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
2 'ge kuahnggong zaih Narnfei      yi 'ge meirkuahng chongtu qijian beih shehsha.
2     miners     at   South Africa a      coal mine  clashes period be killed by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Many missing as Myanmar refugees boat sinks=====

Myanmar nahnmirn chuarn chernmoh, duo rern shizong
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar nahnmirn chuarn chernmoh, duo  rern   shizong
Myanmar refugees boat   sink,     many people missing
&lt;/pre&gt;

About 120 people are missing after Myanmar refugees boat capsized in the Bay of Bengal, police in Bangladesh say.

Bangladesh jiingfang shuo: Myanmar nahnmirn chuarn zaih Bay of Bengal fanchuarn, dahyue 120 rern shizong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Bangladesh jiingfang shuo: Myanmar nahnmirn chuarn zaih Bay of Bengal fanchuarn, dahyue 120 rern   shizong.
Bangladesh police    say:  Myanmar refugees boat   at   Bay of Bengal capsize,   about  120 people missing.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eurozone unemployment jumps to fresh high=====

Euro-qu shiyeh rernshuh dardah xin gao
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro-qu  shiyeh       rernshuh         dardah xin gao
Eurozone unemployment number of people reach  new high
&lt;/pre&gt;

Eurozone unemployment jumped to a fresh high of 18.49 million in September, the EU statistics agency has said.

EU toongjih jigouh shuo: Eurozone jiuuyueh shiyeh rernshuh dardaoh 18.49 baaiwahn xin gao.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU toongjih   jigouh       shuo: Eurozone jiuuyueh  shiyeh       rernshuh         dardaoh 18.49 baaiwahn xin gao.
EU statistics organization say:  Eurozone September unemployment number of people reach   18.49 million  new high.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Fire at Saudi wedding kills 25=====

Saudi hunlii huoozai, 25 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Saudi hunlii  huoozai,       25 sii
Saudi wedding fire disaster, 25 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 25 people have died and 30 others were hurt in a fire at a wedding in eastern Saudi Arabia, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Saudi Arabia dongbuh hunlii huoozai, zhihshaao 25 rern siiwarng, 30 shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Saudi Arabia dongbuh hunlii  huoozai, zhihshaao 25 rern   siiwarng, 30 shouhshang.
Officials say:  Saudi Arabia east    wedding fire,    at least  25 people die,      30 be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Gunmen &quot;kill 20&quot; in Nigeria=====

Nigeria qiangshoou &quot;shasii 20 rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria qiangshoou &quot;shasii 20 rern&quot;
Nigeria gunmen     &quot;kill   20 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen have killed 20 people, including a local chief, in an attack on a village in northern Nigeria's Zamfara state, a local official has said.

Dangdih guanyuan shuo: Qiangshoou xirji Nigeria beeibuh Zamfara Zhou yi 'ge xiangcun, shasii 20 rern, baokuoh yi 'ge dangdih liingxiuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dangdih guanyuan shuo: Qiangshoou xirji  Nigeria beeibuh    Zamfara Zhou  yi 'ge xiangcun, shasii 20 rern,   baokuoh yi 'ge 
Local   official say:  Gunmen     attack Nigeria north part Zamfara state a      village,  kill   20 people, include a      

dangdih liingxiuh.
local   leader.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====10 killed in ethnic violence in Indonesia=====

Indonesia zhoongzur baohlih, 10 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Indonesia zhoongzur baohlih,  10 sii
Indonesia ethnic    violence, 10 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 people have been killed and thousands evacuated after ethnic clashes erupted in two villages in Indonesia's Lampung province.

Indonesia Lampung Sheeng liaang 'ge xiangcun baohfa zhoongzur chongtu, zaohcherng zhihshaao 10 rern beihsha her jiiqian chehlir.
&lt;pre&gt;
Indonesia Lampung Sheeng   liaang 'ge xiangcun baohfa zhoongzur chongtu, zaohcherng zhihshaao 10 rern   beihsha   her jiiqian   
Indonesia Lampung province two        village  erupt  ethnic    clashes, to cause   at least  10 people be killed and thousands 

chehlir.
evacuate.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-30====

=====US super storm kills 90=====

US chaojir baohfeng, 90 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
US chaojir baohfeng, 90 sii
US super   storm,    90 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 90 people have been killed, millions are without power and transport across the north-eastern US has been severely disrupted.

Zhihshaao 90 rern siiwarng, jii baaiwahn rern meiryoou diahnlih, zheeng'ge Meeiguor dongbeeibuh jiaotong yarnzhohng pohhuaih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhihshaao 90 rern   siiwarng, jii     baaiwahn rern   meiryoou diahnlih,       zheeng'ge Meeiguor dongbeeibuh jiaotong  yarnzhohng 
At least  90 people die,      several million  people not have electric power, whole     US       northeast   transport severely   

pohhuaih.
disrupt.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syrian general &quot;killed by rebels&quot;=====

&quot;Pahnjun shasii&quot; Syria jiangjun
&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;Pahnjun     shasii&quot; Syria jiangjun
&quot;Rebel army  kill&quot;   Syria general
&lt;/pre&gt;

A senior Syrian air force general has been shot dead by rebels in a suburb of the capital Damascus, state television reports.

Guorjia diahnshih baohdaao: Yi 'ge gaojir Syria kongjun jiangjun zaih shooudu Damascus jiaoqu beih pahnjun shehsa.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guorjia diahnshih baohdaao: Yi 'ge gaojir Syria kongjun   jiangjun zaih shooudu Damascus jiaoqu beih pahnjun    shehsa.
State   television report:  A      senior Syria air force general  at   capital Damascus suburb by   rebel army kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====2 UK soldiers killed in Afghanistan=====

Afghanistan 2 'ge Yingjun beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan 2 'ge Yingjun beihsha
Afghanistan 2     UK army be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 British soldiers have been shot dead at a checkpoint in Afghanistan by a man wearing a local police uniform, the Ministry of Defence says.

Guorfarngbuh shuo: Yi 'ge chuan dangdih jiingfur d narnrern zaih yi 'ge Afghanistan jiaancharzhahn shehsha'le 2 'ge Yingjun.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guorfarngbuh        shuo: Yi 'ge chuan dangdih jiingfur       d  narnrern zaih yi 'ge Afghanistan jiaancharzhahn 
Ministry of Defence say:  A      wear  local   police uniform 's man      at   a      Afghanistan checkpoint     

shehsha'le         2 'ge Yingjun.
killed by shooting 2     British soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====South Africa police suppress strike miners=====

Narnfei jiingchar zhehnya bahgong kuahnggong
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnfei      jiingchar zhehnya  bahgong kuahnggong
South Africa police    suppress strike  miners
&lt;/pre&gt;

Police fire rubber bullets and tear gas to disperse about 1,000 striking miners at a leading platinum mine in South Africa.

Jiingchar fasheh xiahngjiao ziidahn her cuileihqih qusahn dahyue 1,000 'ge Narnfei zhohngyaoh bairjin kuahngcharng d bahgong kuahnggong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingchar fasheh  xiahngjiao ziidahn her cuileihqih qusahn      dahyue 1,000 'ge Narnfei      zhohngyaoh bairjin  kuahngcharng d  
Police    to fire rubber     bullets and tear gas   to disperse about  1,000     South Africa main       platinum mine         's 

bahgong kuahnggong.
strike  miners.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====South Africa census shows big racial divide=====

Narnfei toongjih xiaanshih zhoongzur fenbier dah
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnfei      toongjih xiaanshih zhoongzur    fenbier    dah
South Africa census   show      ethnic group difference big
&lt;/pre&gt;

The income of white South African households is 6 times higher than that of black households, 18 years after the end of apartheid, census figures show.

Toongjih shuhzih xiaanshih: Zhoongzur gerlir jiershuh 18 niarn zhihouh, Narnfei Bairrern jiatirng shouruh bii Heirern gao 6 beih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Toongjih shuhzih  xiaanshih: Zhoongzur    gerlir      jiershuh 18 niarn zhihouh, Narnfei      Bairrern jiatirng  shouruh 
Census   figuures show:      Ethnic group segregation to end   18 years -after,  South Africa White    family    income  

bii         Heirern gao  6 beih.
compared to Black   high 6 times.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====2 Nato soldiers shot dead in Afghanistan=====

Afghanistan 2 'ge Nato junrern beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan 2 'ge Nato junrern beihsha
afghanistan 2     Nato army    be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 Nato soldiers have been shot dead in Afghanistan by a man wearing a local police uniform.

Afghanistan 2 'ge Nato shihbing beih yi 'ge chuan dangdih jiingfur d narnrern shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan 2 'ge Nato shihbing beih yi 'ge chuan dangdih jiingfur       d  narnrern shehsha.
Afghanistan 2     Nato soldier  by   a      wear  local   police uniform 's man      kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Colombia attack kills 6 police=====

Colombia xirji shasii 6 'ge jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia xirji  shasii 6 'ge jiingchar
Colombia attack kill   6     police
&lt;/pre&gt;

6 Colombian police officers are killed in an ambush by suspected Farc rebels, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Shehxiarn d Farc pahnjun mair'fu shasii 6 'ge Colombia jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: shehxiarn d Farc pahnjun    mair'fu  shasii 6 'ge Colombia jiingchar.
Officials say:  Suspected   Farc rebel army ambush   kill   6     Colombia police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-29====

=====Car bombing rocks Damascus=====

Qihche zhahdahn zhehnhahn Damascus
&lt;pre&gt;
Qihche zhahdahn zhehnhahn Damascus
Car    bomb     shake     Damascus
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 people have been killed in a car bombing in the Syrian capital Damascus, state media report, on the fourth day of ceasefire.

Tirnghuoo dih-4 rih, guorjia meirtii baohdaao, Syria shooudu Damascus qihche zhahdahn baohzhah, zhihshaao 10 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Tirnghuoo dih-4 rih, guorjia meirtii baohdaao, Syria shooudu Damascus qihche zhahdahn baohzhah, zhihshaao 10 rern   beihsha.
Ceasefire 4th   day, state   media   report,   Syria capital Damascus car    bomb     blast,    at least  10 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====5 million &quot;below Living Wage&quot;=====

5 baaiwahn &quot;diyur Zuihdi Shenghuor Gongzi&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
5 baaiwahn &quot;diyur zuihdi Shenghuor Gongzi&quot;
5 million  &quot;below Lowest Living    Wage&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

One in five workers in the UK is paid less than required for a basic standard of living, a KPMG report claims.

KPMG baohgaoh zhiichu: UK wuu fenzhi yi gongrern d gongzi xiaaoyur jibeen shenghuor biaozhuun d xuqiur.
&lt;pre&gt;
KPMG baohgaoh zhiichu:   UK wuu-fenzhi-yi gongrern d  gongzi xiaaoyur  jibeen shenghuor biaozhuun d  xuqiur.
KPMG report   point out: UK one-in-five   workers  's wage   less than basic  living    standard  's requirement.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====New York transportation suspended=====

New York jiaotong zahntirng
&lt;pre&gt;
New York jiaotong       zahntirng
New York transportation suspend
&lt;/pre&gt;

New York City's public transport system is to be suspended because of the arrival on Monday of Hurricane Sandy.

Youryur juhfeng Sandy Xingqiyi daohdar, New York Shih gonggohng jiaotong xihtoong zahntirng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur juhfeng   Sandy Xingqiyi daohdar, New York Shih gonggohng jiaotong       xihtoong zahntirng.
Because Hurricane Sandy Monday   arrive,  New York City public    transportation system   suspend.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Sacked South Africa miners reinstated=====

Narnfei beih kaichur kuahnggong fuhgong
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnfei      beih kaichur kuahnggong fuhgong
South Africa be sacked    miners     return to work
&lt;/pre&gt;

The world's biggest platinum producer agrees to reinstate 12,000 sacked South African miners.

Shihjieh zuihdah d bairjin shengchaanzhee torngyih 12,000 beih kaichur d Narnfei kuahnggong fuhgong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shihjieh zuihdah d bairjin  shengchaanzhee torngyih 12,000 beih kaichur d Narnfei      kuhanggong fuhgong.
World    biggiest  platinum producer       agree    12,000 be dismissed   South Africa miners     return to work.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-28====

=====Swiss bank &quot;plans to cut 10,000 jobs&quot;=====

Switzerland yirnharng &quot;jihhuah xuejiaan 10,000 zhirweih&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Switzerland yirnharng &quot;jihhuah xuejiaan 10,000 zhirweih&quot;
Switzerland bank      &quot;plan    to cut   10,000 jobs&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

UBS reportedly plans to announce up to 10,000 job cuts worldwide as it slims down its investment banking activities.

UBS youryur jiaanshaao taorzi yirnharng yehwuh, juhshuo jihhuah xuanbuh quarnqiur xuejiaan gaodar 10,000 geh zhirweih.
&lt;pre&gt;
UBS youryur jiaanshaao taorzi     yirnharng yehwuh,   juhshuo    jihhuah xuanbuh     quarnqiur xuejiaan gaodar 10,000 geh zhirweih.
BUS because reduce     investment banking   business, reportedly plan    to announce worldwide cut      up to  10,000     jobs.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China protesters force factory plan to stop=====

Zhongguor kanghyihzhee pohshii gongchaang jihhuah tirngzhii
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor kanghyihzhee pohshii gongchaang jihhuah tirngzhii
China     protesters   force   factory    plan    to stop
&lt;/pre&gt;

Plans to expand a petrochemical plant in eastern China city Ningbo have been stopped after days of protests.

Jii tian kanghyih zhihou, Zhongguor dongbuh cherngshih Nirngbo d huahgongchaang kuohjianh jihhuah tirngzhii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jii     tian kanghyih zhihou, Zhongguor dongbuh cherngshih Nirngbo d  huahgongchaang kuohjianh jihhuah tirngzhii.
Several days protests -after, China     east    city       Ningbo  's chemical plant expand    plan    stop.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China's Wen Jiabao family rejects New York Times claims=====

Zhongguor d Wen Jiabaao jiazur foourenh New York Times d baohdaao
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor d Wen Jiabaao jiazur foourenh New York Times d  baohdaao
China's     Wen Jiabao  family deny     New York Times 's report
&lt;/pre&gt;

Lawyers for Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's family have rejected New York Times claims that they have amassed &quot;hidden riches&quot; of billions of dollars.

Zhongguor zoonglii Wen Jiabaao jiazur d lvhshi foourenh New York Times baohdaao tamen jileei le jii shiryih Meeiyuarn d &quot;yiincarng cairfuh&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor zoonglii Wen Jiabaao jiazur d  lvhshi  foourenh New York Times baohdaao tamen jileei le jii     shiryih  
China     premier  Wen Jiabao  family 's lawyers deny     New York Times report   they  amassed   several billions 

Meeiyuarn  d  &quot;yiincarng cairfuh&quot;.
US dollars 's &quot;hidden    riches&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Suicide attack at Nigeria church=====

Zihshashih xirji Nigeria jiaohtarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zihshashih xirji  Nigeria jiaohtarng
Suicide    attack Nigeria church
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 7 people have been killed and dozens hurt in a suicide attack at a Catholic church in the northern Nigerian city of Kaduna.

Zishashih xirji Nigeria beeibuh cherngshih Kaduna yi jian Tianzhuujiahtarng, zhihshaao 7 rern beihsha her jiishir shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zishashih xirji  Nigeria beeibuh cherngshih Kaduna yi jian Tianzhuujiahtarng, zhihshaao 7 rern   beihsha   her jiishir      
Suicide   attack Nigeria north   city       Kaduna a       Catholic church,   at least  7 people be killed and several tens 

shouhshang.
be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-27====

=====US economy rise sharply=====

Meeiguor jingjih xiaanzhuh shanghsheng
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor jingjih xiaanzhuh shanghsheng
US       economy sharply   rise
&lt;/pre&gt;

The US economy grew at a faster-than-expected annualized pace of 2%, official figures show.

Guanfang shuhzih xiaanshih: Meeiguor jingjih anh quanniarn jihsuanh zengzhaang le 2%, bii yuhqi kuaih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang shuhzih xiaanshih: Meeiguor jingjih anh          quanniarn  jihsuanh     zengzhaang le 2%, bii         yuhqi       kuaih.
Official figures show:      US       economy according to whole year to calculate increased     2%, compared to expectation fast.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Philippines storm kills 24=====

Philippines fengbaoh, 24 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Philippines fengbaoh, 24 sii
Philippines storm,    24 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 24 people have been killed in flooding and landslides by tropical storm Son-Tinh in the Philippines, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Philippines fengbaoh Son-Tinh yiinzhih fanhlanh her shanbeng, zhihshaao 24 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Philippines fengbaoh Son-Tinh yiinzhih fanhlanh her shanbeng,   zhihshaao 24 rern  siiwarng.
Officials say:  Philippines storm    Son-Tinh to cause flooding and landslides, at least  24 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Dozens killed in Iraq attacks=====

Iraq xirji, jiishir sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq xirji,   jiishir      sii
Iraq attacks, several tens die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 30 people are killed in a series of attacks in Iraq.

Iraq yixihlieh xirji, zhihshaao 30 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq yixihlieh   xirji,  zhihshaao 30 rern   beihsha.
Iraq a series of attack, at least  30 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China clashes against chemical plant=====

Zhongguor chongtu faanduih huahgongchaang
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor chongtu faanduih huahgongchaang
China     clash   against  chemical plant
&lt;/pre&gt;

Riot police in eastern China city Ningbo have dispersed protesters opposed to the expansion of a petrochemical plant.

Zhongguor dongbuh cherngshih Nirngbo farngbaoh jiingchar qusanh faanduih kuohjianh shiryour huahgongchaang d kanghyihzhee.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor dongbuh cherngshih Nirngbo farngbaoh jiingchar qusanh   faanduih kuohjianh shiryour  huahgongchaang d  kanghyihzhee.
China     east    city       Ningbo  riot      police    disperse oppose   expand    petroleum chemical plant 's protesters.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Myanmar images &quot;show mass burnings&quot;=====

Myanmar turxiangh &quot;xiaanshih dahguimor rarnshao&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar turxiangh &quot;xiaanshih dahguimor   rarnshao&quot;
Myanmar image     &quot;show      large-scale burn&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A human rights group releases satellite images showing what appears to be the total destruction of a western Myanmar district riven by ethnic unrest.

Rernquarn zuuzhi fafangh d weihxing turxiangh xiaanshih, Myanmar xibuh dihqu beih zhoongzur baohluanh warnquarn cuihuii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Rernquarn    zuuzhi       fafangh d  weihxing  turxiangh xiaanshih, Myanmar xibuh        dihqu    beih zhoongzur baohluanh 
Human rights organization issue   's satellite image     show,      Myanmar western part district by   ethnic    riot      

warnquarn  cuihuii.
completely destroy.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-26====

=====Afghan mosque blast kills dozens=====

Afghanistan qingzhensih baohzhah, jii shir ren siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan qingzhensih baohzhah, jii shir     ren    siiwarng
Afghanistan mosque      blast,    several tens people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 37 people have been killed in a suicide bomb attack at a mosque in northern Afghanistan, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Afghanistan beeibuh qingzhensih zihshashih zhahdahn xirji, zhihshaao 41 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan beeibuh qingzhensih zihshashih zhahdahn xirji,  zhihshaao 41 rern   beihsha.
Officials say:  Afghanistan north   mosque      suicide    bomb     attack, at least  41 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====South Korea economic growth slows=====

Harnguor jingjih zengzhaang fahngmahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Harnguor    jingjih zengzhaang fahngmahn
South Korea economy growth     slow down
&lt;/pre&gt;

South Korea's economy grows at its slowest pace in 3 years as global slowdown hurts demand for its exports.

Youryur quarnqiur fahnghuaan daaji chukoou, Harnguor jingjih 3 niarn yiilair zengzhaang zuih mahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur quarnqiur fahnghuaan daaji chukoou, Harnguor    jingjih 3 niarn yiilair zengzhaang zuih mahn.
Because global    slowdown   hit   export,  South Korea economy 3 years -since  grow       most slow.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-25====

=====Sudan to report Israel to UN=====

Sudan xiahng UN juubaoh Israel
&lt;pre&gt;
Sudan xiahng UN juubaoh Israel
Sudan to     UN report  Israel
&lt;/pre&gt;

Sudan says it will complain to the UN about Israeli air raids its arms factory.

Sudan shuo huih xiahng UN toursuh Israeli kongxir ta d binggongchaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Sudan shuo huih xiahng UN toursuh  Israeli kongxir  ta d binggongchaang.
Sudan say  will to     UN complain Israeli air raid its  arms factory.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;Many killed&quot; in Myanmar violence=====

Myanmar baohluahn, duo rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar baohluahn, duo  rern siiwarng
Myanmar riot,      many people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 56 people have been killed and hundreds of homes torched since Sunday as clashes spread in Myanmar's Rakhine state, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Myanmar sheengfehn Rakhine chongtu mahnyarn, Xingqiri yiilair zhihshaao 56 rern beihsha, jii baai jiaan zhuhzhair shaohuii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Myanmar sheengfehn Rakhine chongtu mahnyarn, Xingqiri yiilair zhihshaao 56 rern   beihsha,   jii baai jiaan   
Officials say:  Myanmar province   Rakhine clashes spread,   Sunday   -since  at least  56 people be killed, several hundreds 

zhuhzhair shaohuii.
residence burn down.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Ford cutting 1,400 jobs in the UK=====

Ford zaih UK xuejiaan 1400 zhirweih
&lt;pre&gt;
Ford zaih UK xuejiaan 1400  zhirweih
Ford at   UK cut      1,400 job positions
&lt;/pre&gt;

Carmaker Ford announces plans to close 2 UK plants next year, one in Southampton and one in Dagenham, with the loss of 1,400 jobs.

Qihche zhihzaohshang Ford xuanbuh jihhuah xiahyi niarn guanbih zaih Southampton her Dagenham d 2 jian UK gongchaang, xuejiaan 1400 geh zhirweih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Qihche zhihzaohshang Ford xuanbuh  jihhuah xiahyi niarn guanbih zaih Southampton her Dagenham d  2 jian UK gongchaang, xuejiaan 
Car    manufacturer  Ford announce to plan next   year  close   at   Southampton and Dagenham 's 2      UK plants,     cut      

1400 geh zhirweih.
1,400    job positions.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US troops in Afghanistan killed by man in police uniform=====

Afghanistan Meeijun beei chuan jiingchar zhihfur d rern shasii
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan Meeijun   beei chuan jiingchar zhihfur d  rern   shasii
Afghanistan US troops by   wear  police    uniform 's person kill
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 US soldiers in Afghanistan have been killed by a man wearing Afghan police uniform, military officials say.

Junfang shuo: 2 geh Afghanistan Meeijun beih chuan Afghanistan jiingchar zhihfur d rern shasii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Junfang   shuo: 2 geh Afghanistan Meeijun     beih chuan Afghanistan jiingchar zhihfur d  rern   shasii.
Officials say:  2     Afghanistan US soldiers by   wear  Afghanistan police    uniform 's person kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Olympics expected to have boosted UK GDP=====

Olympics yuhqi cihji UK GDP
&lt;pre&gt;
Olympics yuhqi  cihji UK GDP
Olympics expect boost UK GDP
&lt;/pre&gt;

Figures show that the UK economy are expected to grow after 9 months of recession.

Shuzih xiaanshih, zaih 9 geh yueh shuaituih zhihouh, UK jingjih yuhqi zengzhaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shuzih  xiaanshih, zaih 9 geh yueh   shuaituih zhihouh, UK jingjih yuhqi  zengzhaang.
Figures show,      at   9     months recession -after,  UK economy expect grow.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Myanmar impose a curfew=====

Myanmar jiehyarn
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar jiehyarn
Myanmar impose a curfew
&lt;/pre&gt;

Myanmar impose a night-time curfew in 2 towns in western Rakhine state as inter-communal violence continues to spread.

Youryur shehqu zhijian d baohlih jihxuh mahnyarn, Myanmar xibuh sheengfehn Rakhine 2 geh shihzhehn yehjian jiehyarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur    shehqu    zhijian d  baohlih  jihxuh   mahnyarn, Myanmar xibuh sheengfehn Rakhine 2 geh shihzhehn yehjian    
Because of community between 's violence continue spread,   Myanmar west  province   Rakhine 2     towns     night-time 

jiehyarn.
impose martial law.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====2 British army killed in Afghanistan=====

2 geh Yingjun zaih Afghanistan beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
2 geh Yingjun      zaih Afghanistan beihsha
2     British army at   Afghanistan be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 British army have been killed on patrol in Afghanistan.

2 geh Yingjun zaih Afghanistn xurnluo zhong beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
2 geh Yingjun  zaih Afghanistn  xurnluo zhong  beihsha.
2 British army at   Afghanistan patrol  -among be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-24====

=====3 dead in Russia gun battle=====

Russia qiangzhahn, 3 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Russia qiangzhahn, 3 sii
Russia gun battle, 3 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 3 people were killed as security forces raided a suspected Islamic militant hideout in the Russian city of Kazan, local officials say.

Dangdih guanfang shuo: Baao'an buhduih xirji Russia cherngshih Kzan yi geh huairyir d Islam zhahnshih nihcarngchuh, zhihshaaoo 3 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dangdih guanfang  shuo: Baao'an  buhduih xirji  Russia cherngshih Kazan yi geh huairyir d Islam zhahnshih nihcarngchuh, zhihshaao 
Local   officials say:  Security forces  attack Russia city       Kazan a      suspected  Islam militant  hideout,      at least  

3 rern   beihsha.
3 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Children killed in Sudan attack=====

Errtorng zaih Sudan d xirji beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Errtorng zaih Sudan d  xirji  beihsha
Children at   Sudan 's attack be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two children have been killed when rebels shelled Kadugli, the capital of Sudan's oil-rich South Kordofan state, the army has said.

Junfang shuo: Pahnjun paohhong Sudan shiryour fengfuh d South Kordofan Zhou d shooufuu Kadugli, liaang geh errtorng beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Junfang      shuo: Pahnjun paohhong Sudan shiryour  fengfuh d  South Kordofan Zhou  d  shooufuu              Kadugli, liaang geh 
The military say:  Rebel   shell    Sudan petroleum rich    's South Kordofan state 's capital of a province Kadugli, two        

errtorng beihsha.
children be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Sudan blames Israel for Khartoum arms factory blast=====

Sudan qiaanzer Israel guanyur Khartoum binggongchaang d baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Sudan qiaanzer Israel guanyur Khartoum binggongchaang d  baohzhah
Sudan accuse   Israel about   Khartoum arms factory   's blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Sudanese government says it believes Israel was responsible for a huge explosion at a military factory in Sudan's capital Khartoum on Tuesday.

Sudan zhehngfuu rehnweir Israel fuhzer Xingqi'er Sudan shooudu binggongchaang d da baohzhah.
&lt;pre&gt;
Sudan zhehngfuu  rehnweir     Israel fuhzer          Xingqi'er Sudan shooudu binggongchaang d  da  baohzhah.
Sudan government believe that Israel be in charge of Tuesday   Sudan capital arms factory   's big explosion.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eurozone business activity reach new low=====

Euro-qu jingjih huordohng dardaoh xin di
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro-qu  jingjih huordohng dardaoh xin di
Eurozone economy activity  reach   new low
&lt;/pre&gt;

Business activity in the Eurozone contracted at its fastest pace in three-and-a-half years in October, a survey suggests.

Diaohchar xiaanshih: Eurozone Shiryuehfehn jingjih huordohng san niarn bahn yiilair shousuo zuih kuaih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Diaohchar xiaanshih: Eurozone Shiryuehfehn   jingjih huordohng san   niarn bahn yiilair shousuo zuih kuaih.
Survey    show:      Euro-qu  October period economy activity  three year  half since   shrink  most quick.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====The sign of recovery of Chinese manufacturing=====

Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh fuhsu jihxiahng

&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh   fuhsu    jihxiahng
China     manufacturing recovery sign
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese manufacturing showed signs of recovery in October, shrinking at a slower pace than in previous months, according to a report by HSBC.

Juh HSBC baohdaao: Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh Shiryuehfehn xiaanshih fuhsu jihxian, shousuo buhfar bii yiiqiarn yuehfehn jiaanmahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Juh          HSBC baohdaao: Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh   Shiryuehfehn   xiaanshih fuhsu    jihxian, shousuo   buhfar bii        
According to HSBC report:   China     manufacturing October period show      recovery sign,    shrinkage pace   compare to 

yiiqiarn yuehfehn     jiaanmahn.
previous month period slow down.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Exercise &quot;may prevent brain shrinkage&quot;=====

Yuhndohng &quot;keeyii yuhfarng naao weeisuo&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Yuhndohng &quot;keeyii yuhfarng naao  weeisuo&quot;
Exercise  &quot;may    prevent  brain shrink&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Exercise may stop brain shrinkage and dementia, say experts.

Zhuanjia shuo: Yuhndohng keeyii farngzhii naao weeisuo her chidai.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhuanjia shuo: Yuhndohng keeyii farngzhii naao  weeisuo her chidai.
Expert   say:  Exercise  may    prevent   brain shrink  and dementia.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Financial transaction tax for 10 EU states=====

10 geh EU guojia d cairzhehng jiaoyih shuih
&lt;pre&gt;
10 geh EU guojia   d cairzhehng jiaoyih     shuih
10     EU country 's finance    transaction tax
&lt;/pre&gt;

The European Commission has backed plans from 10 countries to launch a financial transactions tax to help raise funds to tackle the debt crisis.

Ouzhou Weeiyuarnhuih zhichir 10 guor kaizhaan cairzhehng jiaoyih shuih jihuah, bangzhuh chourjir jijin chuulii zhaihwuh weiji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ouzhou Weeiyuarnhuih zhichir 10 guor    kaizhaan cairzhehng jiaoyih     shuih jihuah, bangzhuh chourjir jijin chuulii   zhaihwuh 
Europe Commission    support 10 country launch   finance    transaction tax   plan,   help     raise    fund  to handle debt     

weiji.
crisis.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-23====

=====South African gold mine sacks 8,500 strikers=====

Narnfei jinkuangh kaichur 8500 bahgongzhee
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnfei      jinkuangh kaichur 8500  bahgongzhee
South Africa gold mine sack    8,500 strikers
&lt;/pre&gt;

More than 8,000 striking South African gold miners have been sacked after refusing to return to work, mine owners say.

Kuanghchaang laaobaan shuo: Kaichur le chaoguoh 8000 geh juhjur faanhuir gongzuoh d Narnfei jinkuangh bahgong kuanghgong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kuanghchaang laaobaan shuo: Kaichur le chaoguoh 8000 geh juhjur faanhuir gongzuoh d  Narnfei      jinkuangh bahgong kuanghgong.
Mine         boss     say:  Sacked     exceed   8,000    refuse return   work     's South Africa gold mine strike  miners.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Incomes &quot;down 13% in 4 years&quot;=====

Shouruh 4 niarn lair xiahjiangh 13%
&lt;pre&gt;
Shouruh 4 niarn lair  xiahjiangh 13%
Income  4 years since down       13%
&lt;/pre&gt;

Incomes have suffered much more heavily of the current economic crisis compare to the UK's two previous recessions, figures show.

Shuhzih xiaanshih: UK dangjin jingjih weiji duih shouruh yiingxiaang bii yiiqiarn liaang cih shuaituih gengh yarnzhongh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shuhzih xiaanshih: UK dangjin jingjih weiji  duih shouruh yiingxiaang bii        yiiqiarn liaang cih shuaituih  gengh yarnzhongh.
Figure  show:      UK current economy crisis to   income  affect      compare to previous two        recessions more  serious.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====8 killed in attacks on Baghdad Shiah districts=====

Baghdad Shiah dihqu d xirji, 8 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Baghdad Shiah dihqu     d  xirji,   8 sii
Baghdad Shiah districts 's attacks, 8 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 8 people have been killed in car bomb and mortar attacks in Shiah districts of the Iraqi capital, Baghdad, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Iraq shooudu Baghdad Shiah dihqu d qihche zhahdanh her paaijipaoh xirji, zhihshaao 8 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Iraq shooudu Baghdad Shiah dihqu     d  qihche zhahdanh her paaijipaoh xirji,   zhihshaao 8 rern   beihsha.
Officials say:  Iraq capital Baghdad Shiah districts 's car    bomb     and mortar     attacks, at least  8 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan forces die in gun battle=====

Afghanistan junrern qiangzhanh siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;

Afghanistan junrern qiangzhanh siiwarng
Afghanistan army    gun battle die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 Afghan security personnel are killed in a gun battle with Taliban insurgents in the western province of Herat, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Xibuh sheengfenh Herat yuu Taliban zaohfaanzhee d qiangzhahn, zhihshaao 10 geh baao'an rernyuarn beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Xibuh sheengfenh Herat yuu  Taliban zaohfaanzhee d  qiangzhahn, zhihshaao 10 geh baao'an  rernyuarn beihsha.
Officials say:  West  province   Herat with Taliban insurgents   's gun battle, at least  10     security personnel be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-22====

=====China open letter opposes Bo Xilai parliament expulsion=====

Zhongguor gongkaixinh faanduih Rern-Dah kaichu Bor Xilair
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor gongkaixinh faanduih Rern-Dah          kaichu  Bor Xilair
China     open letter oppose   People's Congress expulse Bo Xilai
&lt;/pre&gt;

A group of Chinese leftists have written an open letter asking parliament not to expel Bo Xilai.

Yi qurn Zhongguor zuoopaih xiee le yi feng gongkaixinh yaoqiur Rern-Dah buyaoh kaichur Bor Xilair.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yi qurn  Zhongguor zuoopaih xiee le yi feng gongkaixinh yaoqiur Rern-Dah          buyaoh kaichur Bor Xilair.
A  group China     leftists wrote   a       open letter request People's Congress don't  expel   Bo  Xilai.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====3 killed in Rakhine clashes=====

Rakhine chongtu, 3 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Rakhine chongtu, 3 sii
Rakhine clashes, 3 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

3 people are killed in clashes between Muslims and Buddhists in the western Myanmar state of Rakhine, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Myanmar xibuh Rakhine Zhou, Muslim her Forjiaohtur zhijian d chongtu, zhihshaao 3 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Myanmar xibuh Rakhine Zhou,  Muslim  her Forjiaohtur zhijian d  chongtu, zhihshaao 3 rern   beihsha.
Officials say:  Myanmar west  Rakhine state, Muslims and Buddhists   between 's clashes, at least  3 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Militants &quot;kill Nigerian troops&quot;=====

Wuuzhuang fenhzii &quot;shasii Nigeria junrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Wuuzhuang fenhzii &quot;shasii Nigeria junrern
Armed     member  &quot;kill   Nigeria army
&lt;/pre&gt;

Several soldiers are killed in a bomb attack by suspected militant Islamists in Nigeria's north-eastern town of Potiskum, an army source tells the BBC.

Junduih lairyuarn gaohsuh BBC: Nigeria dongbeei shihzhenh Potiskum, huairyir d Islam-zhuuyih wuuzhuang fenhzii zhahdanh xirji, shasii jii geh shihbing.
&lt;pre&gt;
Junduih lairyuarn gaohsuh BBC: Nigeria dongbeei  shihzhenh Potiskum, huairyir d Islam-zhuuyih wuuzhuang fenhzii zhahdanh xirji,  
Army    source    tell    BBC: Nigeria northeast town      Potiskum, suspected  Islamist      armed     members bomb     attack, 

shasii jii geh shihbing.
kill   several soldiers.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Johannesburg blast &quot;kills 2&quot;=====

An explosion near a prison in South Africa's main city, Johannesburg, kills at least 2 people, police say.

Jiingfang shuo: Narnfei zhuuyaoh cherngshi Johannesburg jianyuh fuhjinh baohzhah, shasii zhihshaao 2 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang shuo: Narnfei      zhuuyaoh cherngshi Johannesburg jianyuh fuhjinh  baohzhah, shasii zhihshaao 2 rern.
Police    say:  South Africa main     city      Johannesburg prison  vicinity blast,    kill   at least  2 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Japanese exports to China fall=====

Rihbeen chukoou zhih Zhongguor xiahjiangh
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen chukoou zhih Zhongguor xiahjiangh
Japan   export  to   China     fall
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japan's exports to China reduce in September as a territorial dispute between the two countries.

Youryur liingtuu jiufen, Rihbeen Jiuuyueh chukoou zhih Zhongguor jiaanshaao.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur liingtuu  jiufen,  Rihbeen Jiuuyueh  chukoou zhih Zhongguor jiaanshaao.
Because territory dispute, Japan   September export  to   China     reduce.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-21====

=====Deadly clashes in former Gaddafi's stronghold=====

Qiarn Gaddafi genjuhdih zhihmingh chongtu
&lt;pre&gt;
Qiarn  Gaddafi genjuhdih  zhihmingh chongtu
Former Gaddafi stronghold deadly    clashes
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 22 people are killed in several days of fighting in Libya's town of Bani Walid - former leader Col Gaddafi's last stronghold - reports say.

Juh baohdaao: Libya shihzhenh Bani Walid (qiarn liingxiuh Col Gaddafi d zuihhouh genjuhdih) jii tian d zhanhdouh, zhihshaao 22 rern   beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Juh          baohdaao: Libya shihzhenh Bani Walid (qiarn  liingxiuh Col Gaddafi d  zuihhouh genjuhdih)  jii     tian d  zhanhdouh, 
According to report:   Libya town      Bani Walid (former leader    Col Gaddafi 's last     stronghold) several days 's fighting,  

zhihshaao 22 rern   beihsha.
at least  22 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria car bomb &quot;target police&quot;=====

Syria qihche zhahdanh &quot;zhenduih jiingchar&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria qihche zhahdanh &quot;zhenduih jiingchar&quot;
Syria car    bomb     &quot;aim at   police&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Syrian state media report that several people were killed in an explosion in a Christian area of Damascus on Sunday.

Syria guorjia meirtii baohdaao: Xingqirih Damascus Jidutur-qu baohzhah, jii geh rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria guorjia meirtii baohdaao: Xingqirih Damascus Jidutur-qu     baohzhah, jii geh rern   beihsha.
Syria state   media   report:   Sunday    Damscus  Christian area explode,  several people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UK mortgage market slow in September=====

UK Jiuuyue anhjie shihchaang fanghhuaan
&lt;pre&gt;
UK Jiuuyue   anhjie   shihchaang fanghhuaan
UK September mortgage market     slow down
&lt;/pre&gt;

Little demand for homes and a &quot;weak&quot; remortgaging market led to subdued housing activity in September, lenders have said.

Fanghkuaanrern shuo: Zhuhwu xuqiu jiaanshaao her zaih-anhjie shihchaang xuruoh, daaozhih Jiuuyueh zhuhzhair shihchaang fanghhuaan.
&lt;pre&gt;
Fanghkuaanrern shuo: Zhuhwu            xuqiu  jiaanshaao her zaih-anhjie shihchaang xuruoh, daaozhih Jiuuyueh  zhuhzhair 
Lenders        say:  Residential house demand reduce     and re-mortgage market     weak,   lead to  September residence 

shihchaang fanghhuaan.
market     slow down.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Colombian soldiers killed by Farc=====

Farc shasii Colombia shihbing
&lt;pre&gt;
Farc shasii Colombia shihbing
Farc kill   Colombia soldiers
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Colombian army says 5 soldiers have been killed by Farc rebels.

Colombia junduih shuo 5 geh shihbing beih Farc zaohfaanzhee shasii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia junduih shuo 5 geh shihbing beih Farc zaohfaanzhee shasii.
Colombia army    say  5     soldiers by   Farc rebels       kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-20====

=====Hundred of thousands march at anti-cut demo=====

Shirwanh yourxirng shihwei faan-xuejiaan
&lt;pre&gt;
Shirwanh         yourxirng shihwei faan-xuejiaan
Hundred thousand march     demo    anti-cut
&lt;/pre&gt;

Hundred of thousands of people in the UK have marched in protest at the government's austerity measures.

UK shirwanh rern yourxirng kanghyih zhenghfuu d jiinsuo cuohshi.
&lt;pre&gt;
UK shirwanh         rern   yourxirng kanghyih zhenghfuu d  jiinsuo   cuohshi.
UK hundred thousand people march     protest  government's austerity measures.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====11 killed in attacks in Iraq=====

Iraq xirji, 11 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq xirji,  11 sii
Iraq attaks, 11 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 11 killed and about 48 injured in bomb blasts and shootings in Iraq, local officials say.

Dangdih guangfang shuo: Iraq zhadanh baohzhah her qiangji, zhihshaao 11 sii, yue 48 shang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dangdih guangfang shuo: Iraq zhahdanh baohzhah her qiangji,   zhihshaao 11 sii, yue   48 shang.
Local   officials say:  Iraq bomb     blasts   and shootings, at least  11 die, about 48 injure.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Vitamins &quot;lower&quot; male cancer risk=====

Vitamin &quot;jiaanshaao&quot; narnxingh cancer weixiaan
&lt;pre&gt;
Vitamin  &quot;jiaanshaao&quot; narnxingh cancer weixiaan
Vitamins &quot;reduce&quot;     male      cancer risk
&lt;/pre&gt;

Taking a daily multivitamin pill may lower the risk of developing cancer in men, US researchers have claimed.

US yarnjiu zhiichu: Meeitian chi duozhoong vitamin yaohwarn keeyii jianghdi narnxingh huanh cancer d weixiaan.
&lt;pre&gt;
US yarnjiu  zhiichu:   Meeitian chi duozhoong  vitamin yaohwarn keeyii jianghdi narnxingh huanh       cancer d  weixiaan.
US research point out: Daily    eat many kinds vitamin pill     may    lower    male      to contract cancer 's risk.
&lt;/pre&gt;

But experts warned that other studies had found the opposite effect and that eating a diet packed with fruit and vegetables was a safer bet.

Danhshih zhuanjia jiinggaoh qirta yarnjiu faxianh fuhzuohyongh, yincii chi shuguoo gengh anquarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Danhshih zhuanjia jiinggaoh qirta yarnjiu faxianh fuhzuohyongh, yincii    chi shuguoo               gengh anquarn.
But      experts  warn      other studies found   side effect,  therefore eat vegetables and fruits more  safe.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Rents rise 1.1% to a new record=====

Zujin shanghsheng 1.1% d xin jihluh
&lt;pre&gt;
Zujin shanghsheng 1.1% d  xin jihluh
Rents rise        1.1% 's new record
&lt;/pre&gt;

The cost of renting a home in England and Wales rose by 1.1% in September to reach a new record high, a survey has suggested.

Diaohchar xiaanshih: England her Wales zhuhzhair zujin Jiuuyueh shanghsheng 1.1%, dardaoh xin d gao jihluh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Diaohchar xiaanshih: England her Wales zhuhzhair zujin Jiuuyueh  shanghsheng 1.1%, dardaoh xin d gao  jihluh.
Survey    show:      England and Wales residence rent  September rise        1.1%, reach   new   high record.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Peru landslide kills 11 in jungle village=====

Peru cornglirn xiangcun shanbeng, 11 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Peru cornglirn xiangcun shanbeng,  11 sii
Peru jungle    village  landslide, 11 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 11 people have died and another 10 are missing after a landslide in northern Peru.

Peru beeibuh shanbeng, zhihshaao 11 sii, 10 shizong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Peru beeibuh shanbeng,  zhihshaao 11 sii, 10 shizong.
Peru north   landslide, at least  11 die, 10 missing.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====6 Afghan police killed in south=====

Afghanistan narnbuh 6 geh jiingchar beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan narnbuh 6 geh jiingchar beihsha
Afghanistan south   6     police    be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

6 Afghan policemen are killed after being attacked by colleagues in Helmand province - in a checkpoint attack claimed by the Taliban.

Taliban xuancheng: Zaih Helmand Sheeng yi geh jiaancharzhanh, 6 geh Afghanistan jiingchar beih torngshih xirji siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban xuancheng: Zaih Helmand Sheeng   yi geh jiaancharzhanh, 6 geh Afghanistan jiingchar beih torngshih  xirji  siiwarng.
Taliban claim:     At   Helmand province a      checkpoint,     6     Afghanistan police    by   colleagues attack die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Many students killed in bus crash in south-west Iran=====

Iran xinarnbuh bus zhuanghhuii, heen duo xuersheng siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran xinarnbuh bus zhuanghhuii, heen duo  xuersheng siiwarng
Iran southwest bus crash,       very many students  die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 26 students have been killed and a further 12 injured in a bus crash in south-western Iran, the country's media report.

Iran meirtii baohdaao: Gai guor xinarnbuh bus zhuanghhuii, zhihshaao 26 geh xuersheng siiwarng, 12 geh shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran meirtii baohdaao: Gai guor    xinarnbuh bus zhuanghhuii, zhihshaao 26 geh xuersheng siiwarng, 12 geh shouhshang.
Iran media   report:   The country southwest bus crash,       at least  26     students  die,      12     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Uruguay legalizes abortion=====

Uruguay duohtai herfaahuah
&lt;pre&gt;
Uruguay duohtai herfaahuah
Uruguay abortion legalize
&lt;/pre&gt;

Uruguay has become the second country in Latin America, after communist Cuba, to legalize abortion for all women.

Uruguay cherngweir gonghchaanzhuuyih Cuba zhihouh, Latin Meeizhou dih-2 geh guorjia, suooyoou fuhnvv duohtai herfaahuah.
&lt;pre&gt;
Uruguay cherngweir gonghchaanzhuuyih Cuba zhihouh, Latin Meeizhou dih-2 geh guorjia, suooyoou fuhnvv duohtai  herfaahuah.
Uruguay become     communist         Cuba after,   Latin America  second    country, all      women  abortion legalize.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====EU bank deal &quot;boosts integration&quot;=====

EU yirnharng xieryih &quot;cuhjinh yitiihuah&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
EU yirnharng xieryih   &quot;cuhjinh yitiihuah&quot;
EU bank      agreement &quot;boost   integration&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

France says a deal to launch a Eurozone banking union next year will help speed up integration, but admits that EU nations are moving at different speeds.

Faaguor shuo xiahyi niarn Euro-qu kaizhaan yirnharng liarnmerng d xieryih huih bangzhuh jiakuaih yitiihuah, danhshih cherngrenh EU guorjia d buhfar butorng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Faaguor shuo xiahyi niarn Euro-qu  kaizhaan yirnharng liarnmerng d  xieryih   huih bangzhuh jiakuaih yitiihuah,   danhshih 
France  say  next   year  Eurozone launch   bank      union      's agreement will help     speed up integration, but      

cherngrenh EU guorjia d  buhfar butorng.
admit      EU nations 's step   different.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Gunmen attack Kashmir hotel &quot;killing 1&quot;=====

Qiangshoou xirji Kashmir jiuudianh &quot;shasii 1 rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Qiangshoou xirji  Kashmir jiuudianh &quot;shasii 1 rern&quot;
Gunmen     attack Kashmir hotel     &quot;kill   1 person&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 1 person has been killed by gunmen who opened fire in a hotel on the outskirts of Srinagar in Indian-administered Kashmir, reports say.

Baohdaao shuo: India zhihlii d Srinagar jiaoqu, qiangshoou zaih yi jian jiuudianh kaihuoo, shasii zhihshaao 1 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Baohdaao shuo: India zhihlii    d  Srinagar jiaoqu,    qiangshoou zaih yi jian jiuudianh kaihuoo,   shasii zhihshaao 1 rern.
Reports  say:  India administer 's Srinagar outskirts, gunmen     at   a       hotel     open fire, kill   at least  1 person.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-19====

=====Rebels blow up pipeline in Turkey=====

Zaohfaanzhee zhahhuii Turkey guaandaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
Zaohfaanzhee zhahhuii Turkey guaandaoh
Rebels       blow up  Turkey pipeline
&lt;/pre&gt;

Kurdish rebels have claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on a natural gas pipeline in eastern Turkey.

Kurd zaohfaanzhee shengcheng duih Turkey dongbuh tianrarnqih guaandaoh d zhahdahn xirji fuhzer.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kurd zaohfaanzhee shengcheng duih       Turkey dongbuh tianrarnqih guaandaoh d  zhahdahn xirji  fuhzer.
Kurd rebels       claim      as regards Turkey east    natural gas pipeline  's bomb     attack responsible.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Beirut blast &quot;kills top official&quot;=====

Beirut baohzhah &quot;shasii gaoguan&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Beirut baohzhah &quot;shasii gaoguan&quot;
Beirut blast    &quot;kill   high official&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A senior Lebanese intelligence official was among at least 8 people killed in a massive car bomb attack in central Beirut, state media say.

Guorjia meirtii shuo: Beirut zhongbuh beih juhdah qihche zhadahn xirji, zuihshaao 8 rern beihsha, baokuoh yi geh gaoji Lebanon qirngbaoh guanyuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guorjia meirtii shuo: Beirut zhongbuh        beih juhdah  qihche zhadahn xirji,  zuihshaao 8 rern   beihsha,   baokuoh yi geh 
State   media   say:  Beirut central section by   massive car    bomb    attack, at least  8 people be killed, include a      

gaoji Lebanon qirngbaoh    guanyuarn.
high  Lebanon intelligence official.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan roadside bomb kills 18 wedding guests=====

Afhanistan luhbian zhahdahn shasii 18 geh hunlii jiabin
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan luhbian  zhahdahn shasii 18 geh hunlii  jiabin
Afghanistan roadside bomb     kill   18     wedding guests
&lt;/pre&gt;

A massive roadside bomb has killed at least 18 people, mostly women and children, on their way to a wedding in northern Afghanistan.

Afghanistan beeibuh juhdah  luhbian  zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 18 geh qianrwaang hunlii  d  rern,   dahbuhfehn shih fuhrur.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan beeibuh juhdah  luhbian  zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 18 geh qianrwaang hunlii  d  rern,   dahbuhfehn shih 
Afghanistan north   massive roadside bomb     kill   at least  18     go         wedding 's people, mostly     are  

fuhrur.
women and children.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bahrain policeman killed by blast=====

Bahrain jiingchar beih zhahsii
&lt;pre&gt;
Bahrain jiingchar beih zhahsii
Bahrain policeman be   killed by blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Bahraini policeman has died of his injuries following a &quot;terrorist&quot; bombing on Thursday night, the interior ministry has announced.

Neihzhehngbuh xuanbuh: Xingqisih waanshahng yi geh beih &quot;koongbuh fehnzii&quot; zhahshang d Bahrain jiingchar siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Neihzhehngbuh     xuanbuh:  Xingqisih waanshahng yi geh beih &quot;koongbuh fehnzii&quot; zhahshang     d  Bahrain jiingchar siiwarng.
Interior ministry announce: Thursday  night      a      by   &quot;terror   member&quot;  kill by blast 's Bahrain policeman die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Yemen soldiers die in base attack=====

Jidih beih xirji, Yemen shihbing siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Jidih beih xirji,    Yemen shihbing siiwarng
Base  be   attacked, Yemen soldiers die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 9 soldiers have been killed in an attack by suspected al-Qaeda militants on a military base in southern Yemen, military officials say.

Junfang shuo: Yemen narnbuh jidih beih huairyir d al-Qaeda wuuzhuang fehnzii xirji, zuihshaao 9 geh shihbing beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Junfang      shuo: Yemen narnbuh jidih beih huairyir d al-Qaeda wuuzhuang fehnzii xirji,  zuihshaao 9 geh shihbing beihsha.
The military say:  Yemen south   base  by   suspected  al-Qaeda armed     members attack, at least  9     soldiers be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====EU reaches bank supervision deal=====

EU darcherng yirnharng jiandu xieryih
&lt;pre&gt;
EU darcherng yirnharng jiandu      xieryih
EU reach     bank      supervision agreement
&lt;/pre&gt;

EU leaders have agreed to set up a single Eurozone banking supervisor - a major step towards a banking union.

EU liingxiuhmen torngyih jiahnlih danyi Euro-qu yirnharng jiandu - zoouxiahng yirnharng liarnmerng d zhohngyaoh yi buh.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU liingxiuhmen torngyih jiahnlih danyi  Euro-qu  yirnharng jiandu      - zoouxiahng  yirnharng liarnmerng d  zhohngyaoh yi buh.
EU leaders      agree    set up   single Eurozone bank      supervision - move toward bank      union      's major      a  step.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-18====

=====UK retail sales rise as shoppers buy winter clothing=====

Youryur rernmen maai dongjih yifur, UK lirngshouh shanghsheng
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur rernmen maai dongjih yifur,    UK lirngshouh shanghsheng
Because people  buy  winter  clothing, UK retail     rise
&lt;/pre&gt;

Demand for winter clothing and school uniforms helped to increase retail sales in September, official figures show.

Guanfang shuhzih xiaanshih: Dongjih furzhuang her xiaohfur xuqiur bangzhuh Jiuyueh linghshouh zengjia.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuhzih xiaanshih: Dongjih furzhuang her xiaohfur xuqiur bangzhuh Jiuyueh   linghshouh zengjia.
Officials figures show:      Winter  clothing  and school uniforms help     September retail     increase.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Driver's death sparks protest in China's Luzhou city=====

Zhongguor Lurzhou Shih siji siiwarng yiinfa kanghyih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Lurzhou Shih siji   siiwarng yiinfa  kanghyih
China     Luzhou  city driver death    trigger protest
&lt;/pre&gt;

The death of a truck driver sparked violent protests overnight in Luzhou city in Sichuan province, Chinese reports say.

Zhongguor baohdaao: Sihchuan Sheeng Lurzhou Shih huohche siji siiwarng yiinfa zheengyeh d baohlih kanghyih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor baohdaao: Sihchuan Sheeng   Lurzhou Shih huohche siji   siiwarng yiinfa  zheengyeh   d  baohlih kanghyih.
China     reports:  Sichuan  province Luzhou  city truck   driver death    trigger whole night 's violent protests.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Kenya policemen seriously injured in grenade attack=====

Shoouliurdanh yarnzhongh zhahshang Kenya jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Shoouliurdanh yarnzhongh zhahshang           Kenya jiingchar
Hand grenade  seriously  injure by explosion Kenya police
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 Kenyan policemen have been seriously injured in a grenade attack.

Shoouliurdanh xirji yarnzhongh zhahshang zhihshaao 10 geh Kenya jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shoouliurdanh xirji  yarnzhongh zhahshang           zhihshaao 10 geh Kenya jiingchar.
Grenade       attack seriously  injure by explosion at least  10     Kenya policemen.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China's growth rate slows to 7.4%=====

Zhongguor zengzhaang fanghhuaan zhih 7.4%
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor zengzhaang fanghhuaan zhih 7.4%
China     growth     slow       to   7.4%
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's economic growth slows further in the third quarter, but other figures suggest the economy may be stabilizing and even bouncing back.

Zhongguor dih-3 jihduh jingjih zengzhaang jinhyibuh fanghhuaan, danhshih qirta shuhzih xiaanshih jingjih keenerng weenguh shenhzhih faandanh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor dih-3 jihduh            jingjih zengzhaang jinhyibuh fanghhuaan, danhshih qirta shuhzih xiaanshih jingjih keenerng 
China     third quarter of a year economy growth     further   slowdown,   but      other figures show      economy maybe    

weenguh   shenhzhih faandanh.
stabilize even      bounce back.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Depression up &quot;by half a million&quot;=====

Youyuhzhengh zengjia &quot;jinh 50 wanh&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Youyuhzhengh zengjia  &quot;jinh 50 wanh&quot;
Depression   increase &quot;near 50 wanh&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The number of people living with depression in England increased by nearly half a million in 3 years, according to an analysis of NHS data.

Juh NHS fenxi ziliaoh, England youyuhzhengh rernshuh 3 niarn lair zengjia jinh 50 wanh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Juh          NHS fenxi    ziliaoh, England youyuhzhengh rernshuh         3 niarn lair  zengjia  jinh 50 wanh.
According to NHS analysis data,    England depression   number of people 3 years since increase near 50 ten thousand.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-17====

=====Skipping breakfast makes fatty=====

Bu chi zaaocan yiinzhih feirpangh
&lt;pre&gt;
Bu   chi zaaocan   yiinzhih  feirpangh
not eat breakfast result in obesity
&lt;/pre&gt;

Brain scans show that skipping breakfast makes fatty, high calorie foods appear far more attractive later in the day, according to researchers.

Yarnjiu zhiichu: Naao saaomiaor xiaanshih gao calorie shirwuh duih bu chi zaaocan d rern gengh xiyiin, yin'err zaohcherng feirpangh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yarnjiu  zhiichu:   Naao  saaomiaor xiaanshih gao  calorie shirwuh duih       bu  chi zaaocan   d  rern   gengh xiyiin,     
Research point out: Brain scan      show      high calorie food    as regards not eat breakfast 's people more  attractive, 

yin'err      zaohcherng  feirpangh.
consequently bring about obesity.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UK unemployment falls to 2.53m=====

UK shiyeh diezhih 253 wanh
&lt;pre&gt;
UK shiyeh       diezhih 253 wanh
UK unemployment fall to 253 ten thousand
&lt;/pre&gt;

Unemployment fell by 50,000 to 2.53 million between June and August, official figures show, as the number of people in work hits a record high.

Guanfang shuhjuh xiaanshih: Bayueh bii Qiyueh shiyeh rernshuh jiaanshaao 5 wanh, jianghzhih 253 wanh, jiuhyeh rernshuh dardaoh gao jihluh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuhjuh xiaanshih: Bayueh bii        Qiyueh shiyeh       rernshuh         jiaanshaao 5 wanh,         jianghzhih 
Officials figures show:      August compare to July   Unemployment number of people reduce     5 ten thousand, fall to    

253 wanh,         jiuhyeh    rernshuh         dardaoh gao  jihluh.
253 ten thousand, employment number of people reach   high record.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Car bomb injures Afghan soldiers=====

Qihche zhahdanh zhahshang Afghanistan shihbing
&lt;pre&gt;
Qihche zhahdanh zhahshang            Afghanistan shihbing
Car    bomb     injured by explosion Afghanistan soldiers
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 45 Afghan soldiers are injured by a suicide car bomb at a joint Afghan-Nato military outpost in eastern Paktia province.

Dongbuh sheengfenh Paktia Afghanistan-Nato liarnher junshih qiarnshaoh, zihshashih qihche zhahdanh zhahshang zuihshaao 45 geh Afghanistan shihbing.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dongbuh sheengfenh Paktia Afghanistan-Nato liarnher junshih  qiarnshaoh, zihshashih qihche zhahdanh zhahshang            
East    province   Paktia Afghanistan-Nato joint    military outpost,    suicide    car    bomb     injured by explotion 

zuihshaao 45 geh Afghanistan shihbing.
at least  45     Afghanistan soldiers.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Creativity &quot;a mental illness&quot;=====

Chuanghzuoh shih &quot;yi zhoong jiingshernbingh&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Chuanghzuoh shih &quot;yi zhoong jiingshernbingh&quot;
Creativity  is   &quot;a  kind   mental illness&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Creativity is often part of a mental illness, with writers particularly susceptible, say experts.

Zhuanjia shuo: Chuanghzuoh charngcharng shih jingshernbingh yi bufenh, yourqirshih duochourshanhgaan d zuohjia.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhuanjia shuo: Chuanghzuoh charngcharng shih jingshernbingh yi bufenh, yourqirshih  duochourshanhgaan d zuohjia.
Experts  say:  Creativity  often        is   mental illness a  part,   especially   sentimental         writers.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-16====

=====UK inflation slows to 2.2%=====

UK tōngzhàng fànghuǎn dào 2.2%

UK tongzhangh fanghhuaan daoh 2.2%
&lt;pre&gt;
UK tōngzhàng  fànghuǎn   dào  2.2%
UK tongzhangh fanghhuaan daoh 2.2%
UK inflation  slow       to   2.2%
&lt;/pre&gt;

The pace of price rises in the UK slowed in September, pushing the inflation rate down to its lowest level for nearly 3 years.

UK Jiǔyuè wùjià shàngshēng fànghuǎn, shǐ tōngzhànglǜ xiàjiàng zhì 3 nián lái zuìdī.

UK Jiuuyueh wuhjiah shanghsheng fanghhuaan, shii tongzhanghlyuh xiahjiangh zhih 3 niarn lair zuihdi.
&lt;pre&gt;
UK Jiǔyuè    wùjià   shàngshēng  fànghuǎn,   shǐ      tōngzhànglǜ    xiàjiàng   zhì  3 nián  lái   zuìdī.
UK Jiuuyueh  wuhjiah shanghsheng fanghhuaan, shii     tongzhanghlyuh xiahjiangh zhih 3 niarn lair  zuihdi.
UK September price   rise        slowdown,   to cause inflation rate down to         3 years since lowest.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====EU car sales &quot;in year-long drop&quot;=====

EU qihche shouhmaih &quot;charngdar yi niarn xiahdie&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
EU qihche shouhmaih &quot;charngdar       yi  niarn xiahdie&quot;
EU car    sales     &quot;lengthen out to one year  fall&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

New car sales in the European Union have fallen for the 12th month in a row in September, according to the region's biggest carmakers.

EU Jiuuyuehfenh xin che xiaoshouh liarnxuh dih-12 geh yueh xiahjiangh, juh gai dihqu zuihdah qihche zhihzaohshang xiaanshih.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU Jiuuyuehfenh xin che xiaoshouh liarnxuh     dih-12 geh yueh  xiahjiangh, juh          gai dihqu  zuihdah 
EU September    new car sales     continuously 12th       month fall,       according to the region biggest 

qihche zhihzaohshang xiaanshih.
carmakers            show.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====In-car smoke &quot;breaks toxic limit&quot;=====

Cheneih chouyan &quot;chaoguoh zhonghdur xianhduh
&lt;pre&gt;
Cheneih chouyan &quot;chaoguoh zhonghdur xianhduh
In-car  smoke   &quot;exceed   toxic     limit
&lt;/pre&gt;

Smoking in the car, even with the window open, makes pollution that exceeds official &quot;safe&quot; limits, scientists say.

Kexuerjia shuo: Cheneih chouyan, jiinguaan chuanghuh daakai, wuraan chaoguoh guanfang &quot;anquarn&quot; xianhduh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kexuerjia  shuo: Cheneih chouyan, jiinguaan   chuanghuh daakai, wuraan    chaoguoh guanfang &quot;anquarn&quot; xianhduh.
Scientists say:  In-car  smoke,   even though window    open,   pollution exceed   official &quot;safe&quot;    limits.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-15====

=====Chinese author wins Nobel Prize=====

Zhongguor zuohjia yirngder Nobel Jiaang
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor zuohjia yirngder Nobel Jiaang
China     writer  win      Nobel Prize
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese author Mo Yan has been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for literature.

Zhongguor zuohjia Moh Yarn yirngder 2012 Nobel wernxuer jiaang
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor zuohjia Moh Yarn yirngder 2012 Nobel wernxuer   jiaang
China     writer  Mo  Yan  win      2012 Nobel literature prize
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US academics win economics prize=====

Meeiguor xuerzhee yirngder jingjihxuer jiaang
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor xuerzhee  yirngder jingjihxuer jiaang
US       academics win      economics   prize
&lt;/pre&gt;

Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley have won the 2012 Nobel Prize in economics.

Alvin Roth her Lloyd Shapley yirngder 2012 Nobel jingjihxuer jiaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Alvin Roth her Lloyd Shapley yirngder 2012 Nobel jingjihxuer jiaang.
Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley win      2012 Nobel economics   prize.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China inflation rate dips to 1.9%=====

Zhongguor tongzhanghlyuh jianghzhih 1.9%
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor tongzhanghlyuh jianghzhih 1.9%
China     inflation rate dip to     1.9%
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's policymakers are given more room to boost stimulus measures after the country's inflation rate dips in September.

Youryur Zhongguor Jiuuyuehfenh tongzhanghlyuh xiahjiangh, gai guor juercehrern yoou genghduo kongjian cihji jingjih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur Zhongguor Jiuuyuehfenh     tongzhanghlyuh xiahjiangh, gai guor    juercehrern  yoou genghduo kongjian cihji     jingjih.
Because China     September period inflation rate go down,    the country policymakers have more     space    stimulate economy.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====6 killed in north Iraq violence=====

Iraq beeibuh baohlih, 6 rern beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq beeibuh baohlih,  6 rern   beihsha
Iraq north   violence, 6 people be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 6 people have been killed in a series of gun and bomb attacks targeting security forces in northern Iraq, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Iraq beeibuh yixihlieh zhenduih baao'an buhduih d qiangji her zhahdanh xirji, zuihshaao 6 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Iraq beeibuh yixihlieh   zhenduih baao'an buhduih d  qiangji      her zhahdanh xirji,  zuihshaao 6 rern   
Officials say:  Iraq north   a series of aim at   security forces 's gun shooting and bomb     attack, at least  6 people 

beihsha.
be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Cambodia former king Norodom Sihanouk dies aged 89=====

Cambodia qiarn-guorwarng Norodom Sihanouk shihshih, xiaangniarn 89 suih
&lt;pre&gt;
Cambodia qiarn-guorwarng Norodom Sihanouk shihshih,  xiaangniarn       89 suih
Cambodai former king     Norodom Sihanouk pass away, die at the age of 89 year of age
&lt;/pre&gt;

Cambodia's former King Norodom Sihanouk - a revered figure in his country - has died aged 89, Cambodian officials say.

Cambodia guanfang shuo: Cambodia qiarn-guorwarng Norodom Sihanouk - gai guor zunchorng d xianghzheng - shihshih, xiaangniarn 89 suih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Cambodia guanfang  shuo: Cambodia qiarn-guorwarng Norodom Sihanouk - gai guor    zunchorng d xianghzheng - shihshih,  
Cambodia officials say:  Cambodia former king     Norodom Sihanouk - the country revered     symbol      - pass away, 

xiaangniarn       89 suih.
die at the age of 89 year of age
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Lenovo ousts HP as world's top PC maker=====

Lenovo quudaih HP cherngweir shihjieh zuihdah PC zhihzaohshang
&lt;pre&gt;
Lenovo quudaih HP cherngweir shihjieh zuihdah PC zhihzaohshang
Lenovo replace HP become     world    biggest PC manufacturer
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese PC maker Lenovo has replaced Hewlett-Packard as the world's top PC maker, according to preliminary figures released by research firm Gartner.

Genjuh yarnjiu gongsi Gartner fabuh d chubuh shuhzih xiaanshih: Zhongguor PC zhihzaohshang Lenovo quudaih Hewlett-Packard cherngweih shihjieh zuihdah PC zhihzaohshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Genjuh    yarnjiu  gongsi Gartner fabuh d  chubuh      shuhzih xiaanshih: Zhongguor PC zhihzaohshang Lenovo quudaih 
According research firm   Gartner issue 's preliminary figures show:      China     PC maker         Lenovo replace 

Hewlett-Packard cherngweih shihjieh zuihdah PC zhihzaohshang.
Hewlett-Packard become     world    biggest PC maker.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-14====

=====US overturns Samsung phone ban=====

Meeiguor tuifan Samsung dianhhuah jinhlingh
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor tuifan   Samsung dianhhuah jinhlingh
US       overturn Samsung phone     ban
&lt;/pre&gt;

The US Court of Appeals has overturned a ban on sales of Samsung's Galaxy Nexus phone.

Meeiguor Shanghsuh Faatirng tuifan le Samsung Galaxy Nexus dianhhuah d xiaoshouh jinhlingh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor Shanghsuh Faatirng tuifan le  Samsung Galaxy Nexus dianhhuah d  xiaoshouh jinhlingh.
US       Appeal    Court    overturned Samsung Galaxy Nexus phone     's sales     prohibition.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Turkey bans all Syrian flights=====

Turkey jinhzhii suooyoou Syria harngban
&lt;pre&gt;
Turkey jinhzhii suooyoou Syria harngban
Turkey ban      all      Syria flights
&lt;/pre&gt;

Syrian planes have been banned from Turkish airspace, the Turkish foreign ministry has announced.

Turkey waihjiaobuh xuanbuh: Turkey liingkong jinhzhii Syria feiji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Turkey waihjiaobuh      xuanbuh:  Turkey liingkong jinhzhii Syria feiji.
Turkey foreign ministry announce: Turkey airspace  ban      Syria planes.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Peru rebels kill police in ambush=====

Peru zaohfaanzhee mair'fu shasii jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Peru zaohfaanzhee mair'fu shasii jiingchar
Peru rebels       ambush  kill   police
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 Peruvian policemen are killed in an ambush by suspected left-wing rebels in the southern jungle region of Cusco, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Peru narnbuh Cusco cornglirn-qu, 2 'ge jiingchar beih huairyir d zuoopaih zaaofaanzhee furji shasii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Peru narnbuh Cusco cornglirn-qu,  2 'ge jiingchar beih huairyir d zuoopaih  zaaofaanzhee furji  shasii.
Officials say:  Peru south   Cusco jungle region, 2     police    by   suspected  left-wing rebels       ambush kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Gunmen kill 20 in north Nigeria=====

Nigeria beeibuh qiangshoou shasii 20
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria beeibuh qiangshoou shasii 20
Nigeria north   gunmen     kill   20
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen have killed at least 20 people in a dawn attack in a remote village in northern Nigeria, reports say.

Juh baohdaao: Nigeria beeibuh pianyuaan xiangcun yi cih lirmirng xirji, qianshoou shasii zuishaao 20 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Juh          baohdaao: Nigeria beeibuh pianyuaan xiangcun yi cih lirmirng xirji,  qianshoou shasii zuishaao 20 rern.
According to report:   Nigeria north   remote    villiage a      dawn     attack, gunmen    kill   at least 20 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China's exports grow faster than expected in September=====

Zhongguor Jiuuyuehfehn chukoou zengzhaang bii yuhqi kuaih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Jiuuyuehfehn     chukoou zengzhaang bii        yuhqi       kuaih
China     September period exports growth     compare to expectation fast
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese exports grew faster than expected in September, easing worries about a slowdown in the economy.

Zhongguor Jiuuyuehfehn chukoou zengzhaang bii yuhqi kuaih, jiaanqing jingjih fahnghuaan d youlyuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Jiuuyuehfehn     chukoou zengzhaang bii        yuhqi       kuaih, jiaanqing jingjih fahnghuaan d  youlyuh.
China     September period exports growth     compare to expectation fast,  ease      economy slowdown   's worry.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria bans Turkish civil flights=====

Syria jihnzhii Turkey mirnharng
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria jihnzhii Turkey mirnharng
Syria ban      Turkey civil flights
&lt;/pre&gt;

Syria has announced that Turkish civilian planes will no longer be allowed to fly over its territory.

Syria xuanbuh jihnzhii Turkey mirnyohng feiji feiyueh ta d liingkong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria xuanbuh  jihnzhii Turkey mirnyohng feiji  feiyueh  ta d liingkong.
Syria announce ban      Turkey civilian  planes fly over its  territorial airspace.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-13====

=====Bomb attacks kill Afghan security members=====

Zhahdahn xirji shasii Afghanistan baao`an cherngyuarn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhahdahn xirji   shasii Afghanistan baao`an  cherngyuarn
Bomb     attacks kill   Afghanistan security members
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 5 Afghan security members have been killed in suicide and roadside bomb attacks.

Zihshashih her luhbian zhadahn xirji, shasii zuihshaao 5 'ge Afghanistan baao`an cherngyuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zihshashih her luhbian  zhadahn xirji,   shasii zuihshaao 5 'ge Afghanistan baao`an  cherngyuarn.
Suicide    and roadside bomb    attacks, kill   at least  5     Afghanistan security members.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan market bomb &quot;kills 15&quot;=====

Pakistan shihchaang zhahdahn &quot;shasii 15&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan shihchaang zhahdahn &quot;shasii 15&quot;
Pakistan market     bomb     &quot;kill   15&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 15 people are killed in a market bombing apparently aimed at an anti-Taliban group in north-west Pakistan, security officials say.

Baao`anbuh shuo: Pakistan xibeeibuh shihchaang yi'ge mirngxiaan zhenduih faan-Taliban zuuzhi d zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 15 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Baao`anbuh          shuo: Pakistan xibeeibuh shihchaang yi'ge mirngxiaan zhenduih faan-Taliban zuuzhi       d  zhahdahn shasii 
Security department say:  Pakistan northwest market     a     apparently aim at   anti-Taliban organization 's bomb     kill   

zuihshaao 15 rern.
at least  15 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-12====

=====Nobel Peace Prize awarded to EU=====

Nobel Herpirng Jiaang shouhyuu EU
&lt;pre&gt;
Nobel Herpirng Jiaang shouhyuu EU
Nobel Peace    Prize  to award EU
&lt;/pre&gt;

The European Union has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for six decades of work in advancing peace in Europe.

Youryur 60 niarn zaih Ouzhou tuijihn herpirng gongzuoh, Ouzhou Liarnmerng yirngder Nobel Herpirng Jiaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur 60 niarn zaih Ouzhou tuijihn    herpirng gongzuoh, Ouzhou   Liarnmerng yirngder Nobel Herpirng Jiaang.
Because 60 years at   Europe to advance peace    work,     European Union      win      Nobel Peace    Prize.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-11====

=====Germany &quot;risks entering recession&quot; say think tanks=====

Zhihnarngtuarn shuo Derguor &quot;yoou shuaituih weixiaan&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhihnarngtuarn shuo Derguor &quot;yoou shuaituih weixiaan&quot;
Think tanks    say  Germany &quot;have recession risk&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A group of leading think tanks in Germany have cut growth forecasts for the country and warned of recession.

Derguor zhuuyaoh zhihnarngtuarn jiahngdi gai guor d zengzhaang yuhceh her jiinggaoh shuaituih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Derguor zhuuyaoh zhihnarngtuarn jiahngdi gai guor    d  zengzhaang yuhceh    her jiinggaoh shuaituih.
Germany main     think tanks    reduce   the country 's growth     forecasts and warn      recession.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Strokes in young people &quot;rising&quot;=====

Narnqingrern zhohngfeng &quot;zengjia&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Narnqingrern zhohngfeng &quot;zengjia&quot;
Young people strokes    &quot;rising&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Strokes are becoming more common at a younger age due to unhealthy lifestyles, an American study finds.

Meeiguor yarnjiu faxiahn: Youryur bu jiahnkang d shenghuor fangshih, niarnqingrern zhongfeng biahn de gehng puubiahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor yarnjiu faxiahn: Youryur bu jiahnkang d shenghuor fangshih, niarnqingrern zhongfeng biahn de gehng puubiahn.
US       study   find:    Because not healthy    life      style,    young people  strokes   become   more  common.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-08====

=====China manufacturing activity shrinks again in September=====

Jiuuyuehfehn Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh huordohng zaihcih shousuo
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiuuyuehfehn     Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh   huordohng zaihcih shousuo
September period China     manufacturing activity  again   shrink
&lt;/pre&gt;

Manufacturing in China has contracted for a second month, another sign of economic slowdown in the world's second largest economy.

Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh dih-2 'ge yueh shousuo, zheh'ge shihjieh dih-2 zuihdah jingjihtii youh yi'ge jingjih fahnghuaan d xihnhaoh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh   dih-2 'ge yueh  shousuo, zheh'ge shihjieh dih-2  zuihdah jingjihtii youh  yi'ge jingjih fahnghuaan d  
China     manufacturing second    month shrink,  this    world    second largest economy    again a     economy slowdown   's 

xihnhaoh.
signal.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-07====

=====Philippines and Muslim rebels agree peace deal=====

Philippines her Muslim zaohfaanzhee torngyih herpirng xieryih
&lt;pre&gt;
Philippines her Muslim zaohfaanzhee torngyih herpirng xieryih
Philippines and Muslim rebels       agree    peace    agreement
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Philippine government has reached a framework peace agreement with the country's largest Muslim rebel group, President Benigno Aquino says.

Benigno Aquino Zoongtoong shuo: Philippines zhehngfuu yuu Philippines zuihdah d Muslim zaohfaan zuuzhi darcherng dahgang d herpirng xieryih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Benigno Aquino Zoongtoong shuo: Philippines zhehngfuu  yuu  Philippines zuihdah d Muslim zaohfaan zuuzhi       darcherng dahgang d 
Benigno Aquino President  say:  Philippines government with Philippines largest   Muslim rebels   organization reach     outline   

herpirng xieryih.
peace    agreement.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Peru rebels burn down helicopters at jungle airfield=====

Peru zaohfaanzhee shaohuii cornglirn jichaang zhirshengji
&lt;pre&gt;
Peru zaohfaanzhee shaohuii  cornglirn jichaang zhirshengji
Peru rebels       burn down jungle    airfield helicopters
&lt;/pre&gt;

Left-wing Shining Path rebels in Peru have burned 3 helicopters used by a private gas consortium, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Peru zuoopaih Shining Path zaohfaanzhee shaohuii 3 jiah sirern qihtii cairtuarn shiiyohng d zhirshengji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Peru zuoopaih  Shining Path zaohfaanzhee shaohuii 3 jiah sirern  qihtii cairtuarn  shiiyohng d  zhirshengji.
Officials say:  Peru left-wing Shining Path rebels       burn     3      private gas    consortium use       's helicopters.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-06====

=====China landslide, 18 children die=====

Zhongguor shannirqingxieh, 18 errtorng siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor shannirqingxieh, 18 errtorng siiwarng
China     landslide,       18 children die
&lt;/pre&gt;

All 18 children missing after a landslide buried their school in China's Yunnan province died in the disaster, officials confirm.

Guanfang zhehngshir: Zhongguor Yurnnarn Sheeng 18 'ge zaih shannirqingxieh yanmair xuerxiaoh shizong d errtorng quarnbuh siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  zhehngshir: Zhongguor Yurnnarn Sheeng   18 'ge zaih shannirqingxieh yanmair xuerxiaoh shizong d  errtorng quarnbuh 
Officials confirm:    China     Yunnan   province 18     at   landslide       bury    school    missing 's children all      

siiwarng.
die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-05====

=====Amplats fires 12,000 SA miners=====

Amplates kaichur 1,2000 Narnfei kuahnggong
&lt;pre&gt;
Amplates kaichur 1,2000 Narnfei      kuahnggong
Amplates expel   12,000 South Africa miners
&lt;/pre&gt;

The world's biggest platinum producer, Anglo American Platinum, fires 12,000 striking South African miners after a protracted strike over wages.

Youryur gongzi d bahgong yarnxuh, shihjieh zuihdah bairjin shengchaanzhee Ying-Meei Bairjin jieeguh 1,2000 Narnfei bahgong kuahnggong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur    gongzi d  bahgong yarnxuh,  shihjieh zuihdah bairjin  shengchaanzhee Ying-Meei      Bairjin  jieeguh 1,2000 
Because of wages  's strike  continue, world    biggest platinum producer       Anglo American Platinum dismiss 12,000 

Narnfei      bahgong kuahnggong.
South Africa strike  miners.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====School buried in China landslide=====

Zhongguor shanbeng yanmair xuerxiaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor shanbeng  yanmair xuerxiaoh
China     landslide bury    school
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 5 children die after a landslide buried a school building in south-west China's Yunnan province, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Zhongguor xinarn Yurnnarn Sheeng shanbeng yanmair yi jian xiaohsheh, zuihshaao 5 'ge errtorng siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Zhongguor xinarn    Yurnnarn Sheeng   shanbeng  yanmair yi jian xiaohsheh,       zuihshaao 5 'ge errtorng 
Officials say:  China     southwest Yunnan   province landslide bury    a       school building, at least  5     children 

siiwarng.
die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-02====

=====Nigerian gunmen &quot;kill students&quot;=====

Nigeria qiangshoou &quot;tursha&quot; xuer'sheng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria qiangshoou &quot;tursha&quot; xuer'sheng&quot;
Nigeria gunmen     &quot;massacre students&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 20 students have been shot dead by unknown gunmen in Mubi, north-eastern Nigeria, a police source tells the BBC.

Jiingfang lairyuarn gaoh'su BBC: Zaih Nigeria dongbeeibuh Mubi, zuihshaao 20 'ge xuer'sheng beih bumirng qiangshoou shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang lairyuarn gaoh'su BBC: Zaih Nigeria dongbeeibuh Mubi, zuihshaao 20 'ge xuer'sheng beih bumirng qiangshoou shehsha.
Police    source    tell    BBC: At   Nigeria northeast   Mubi, at least  20     students   by   unknown gunmen     shot dead.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Hong Kong boat crash kills 38=====

Xianggaang zhuahngchuarn 38 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Xianggaang zhuahngchuarn 38 sii
Hong Kong  boat crash    38 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Hong Kong two passenger boats collide, at least 38 people dead, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Xianggaang liaang sou kehchuarn xiangzhuahng, zuishaao 38 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Xianggaang liaang sou kehchuarn      xiangzhuahng, zuishaao 38 rern   siiwarng.
Officials say:  Hong Kong  two        passenger boat collide,      at least 38 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-10-01====

=====China tourist bus fire kills 5 Germans=====

Zhongguor lyuuyour bus zhaorhuoo, 5 'ge Derguorrern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor lyuuyour bus zhaorhuoo,  5 'ge Derguorrern siiwarng
China     tourist  bus catch fire, 5     Germans     die
&lt;/pre&gt;

6 people were killed after a tourist bus crashed and caught fire on a highway near China's capital Beijing, state media report.

Guorjia meirtii baohdaao: Zhongguor shooudu Beeijing fuhjihn gongluh yi liahng lyuuyour bus zhuahnghuii zhaorhuor, 6 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guorjia meirtii baohdaao: Zhongguor shooudu Beeijing fuhjihn  gongluh yi liahng lyuuyour bus zhuahnghuii zhaorhuor,  6 rern   
State   media   report:   China     capital Beijing  vicinity highway a         tourist  bus crash       catch fire, 6 people 

siiwarng.
die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eurozone jobless at fresh high=====

Eurozone shiyeh rernshuh xin gao
&lt;pre&gt;
Eurozone shiyeh       rernshuh         xin gao
Eurozone unemployment number of people new high
&lt;/pre&gt;

Unemployment in the Eurozone has hit a fresh high of 18.2 million in August, the EU statistics agency says.

EU toongjih jigouh shuo: Eurozone Bayuehfehn shiyeh rernshuh dardaoh 1820 wahn d xinjihluh.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU toongjih   jigouh       shuo: Eurozone Bayuehfehn    shiyeh       rernshuh         dardaoh 1820  wahn         d  xinjihluh.
EU statistics organization say:  Eurozone August period unemployment number of people reach   1,820 ten thousand 's new record.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Suicide bomb kills Nato soldiers=====

Zihshashih zhahdahn shasii Nato shihbing
&lt;pre&gt;
Zihshashih zhahdahn shasii Nato shihbing
Suicide    bomb     kill   Nato soldiers
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomb has killed at least 14 people, included 3 Nato soldiers, in the eastern Afghan city of Khost, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh cherngshih Khost, yi'ge zihshashih zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 14 rern, baokuoh 3 'ge Nato junrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh cherngshih Khost, yi'ge zihshashih zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 14 rern,   baokuoh 3 'ge Nato 
Officials say:  Afghanistan east    city       Khost, a     suicide    bomb     kill   at least  14 people, include 3     Nato 

junrern.
soldiers.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-30====

=====Deadly bomb blasts strike Iraq=====

Zhihmihng zhahdahn baohzhah xirji Iraq
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhihmihng zhahdahn baohzhah xirji  Iraq
Deadly    bomb     blasts   attack Iraq
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 24 people are killed in Iraq as car bomb attacks target security forces and Shiah pilgrims around the capital Baghdad, police say.

Jiingfang shuo: Qihche zhahdahn xirji Iraq shooudu Baghdad fuhjihn d baao`an buhduih her Shiah chaorshehngzhee, zuihshaao 24 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang shuo: Qihche zhahdahn xirji  Iraq shooudu Baghdad fuhjihn  d  baao`an  buhduih her Shiah chaorshehngzhee, zuihshaao 24 
Police    say:  Car    bomb     attack Iraq capital Baghdad vicinity 's security forces  and Shiah pilgrims,        at least  24 

rern   beihsha.
people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US military death toll in Afghanistan reaches 2,000=====

Afghanistan d Meeijun siiwarng rernshuh dardaoh 2000
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan d  Meeijun    siiwarng rernshuh         dardaoh 2000
Afghanistan 's US soldier death    number of people reach   2,000
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suspected &quot;insider&quot; attack at a checkpoint in Afghanistan has brought to 2,000 the number of US soldiers to die in the conflict.

Yi'ge huairyir d &quot;zhiqirngrern&quot; xirji Afghanistan yi'ge jiaancharzhahn, shii Meeijun siiwarng rernshuh dardaoh 2000.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yi'ge huairyir d &quot;zhiqirngrern&quot; xirji  Afghanistan yi'ge jiaancharzhahn, shii     Meeijun    siiwarng rernshuh dardaoh 2000.
A     suspected  &quot;insider&quot;      attack Afghanistan a     checkpoint,     to cuase US soldier death toll        reach   2,000.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-24====

=====Kenya soldier kills 6 Somalis=====

Kenya junrern shasii 6 'ge Somalia-rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya junrern shasii 6 'ge Somalia-rern
kenya soldier kill   6     Somalis
&lt;/pre&gt;

6 civilians are shot dead by a Kenyan soldier advancing towards the al-Shabab stronghold of Kismayo, the Kenyan army confirms.

Kenya junfang zhehngshir: Yi 'ge Kenya shihbing xiahng al-Shabab d Kismayo juhdiaan tuijihn, 6 'ge pirngmirn beih shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya junfang  zhehngshir: Yi 'ge Kenya shihbing xiahng al-Shabab d  Kismayo juhdiaan   tuijihn, 6 'ge pirngmirn beih shehsha.
Kenya military confirm:    A      Kenya soldier  toward al-Shabab 's Kismayo stronghold push on, 6     civilians be   shot dead.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-23====

=====Bomb kills 2 in Nigeria church=====

Nigeria jiaohtarng zhahdahn shasii liaang rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria jiaohtarng zhahdahn shasii liaang rern
Nigeria church     bomb     kill   two    people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomb has attacked a church in northern Nigeria, killing at least 2 people and injuring 48, according to the Red Cross.

Juh Horngshirzihhuih baohdaao: Zihshashih zhahdahn xirji Nigeria beeibuh jiaohtarng, zhihshaao liaang rern beihsha, 48 shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Juh          Horngshirzihhuih baohdaao: Zihshashih zhahdahn xirji  Nigeria beeibuh jiaohtarng, zhihshaao liaang rern   beihsha,   
According to Red Cross        report:   Suicide    bomb     attack Nigeria north   church,     at least  two    people be killed, 

48 shouhshang.
48 be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Avalanche kills climbers in Nepal=====

Nepal xueebeng shasii parshanzhee
&lt;pre&gt;
Nepal xueebeng  shasii parshanzhee
Nepal avalanche kill   climbers
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 9 climbers are feared dead and 6 are missing in Nepal after an avalanche sweeps away Europeans and others on a Himalayan peak.

Nepal yi 'ge Himalayas shanfeng xueebeng chongzoou Ouzhou her qirta rern, koongpah zuihshaao 9 rern siiwarng her 6 'ge shizong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nepal yi 'ge Himalayas shanfeng xueebeng  chongzoou  Ouzhou her qirta rern,   koongpah zuihshaao 9 rern   siiwarng her 6 'ge 
Nepal a      Himalayas peak     snowslide sweep away Europe and other people, fear     at least  9 people die      and 6     

shizong.
missing.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-22====

=====Bomb kills 6 in south Thailand=====

Taihguor narnbuh zhahdahn shasii 6 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Taihguor narnbuh zhahdahn shasii 6 rern
Thailand south   bomb     kill   6 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 6 people have been killed and 40 injured by a bomb explosion near a market in south Thailand.

Taihguor narnbu shihchaang fuhjihn zhahdahn baohzhah, zhihshaao 6 rern siiwarng, 40 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Taihguor narnbu shihchaang fuhjihn  zhahdahn baohzhah, zhihshaao 6 rern   siiwarng, 40 'ge shouhshang.
Thailand south  market     vicinity bomb     blast,    at least  6 people die,      40     be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-21====

=====Deadly film protests in Pakistan=====

Pakistan zhihmihng d diahnyiing kahngyih
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan zhihmihng d diahnyiing kahngyih
Pakistan deadly      movie      protests
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 people are killed as violent protests erupt on the streets of Pakistan's main cities in anger at an anti-Islam film made in the US. 

Youryur duih Meeiguor zhihzuoh d faan-Islam diahnying d fehnnuh, Pakistan yixie zhuuyaoh cherngshih jie'shang baohfa baohlih kahngyih, zuihshaao 10 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur duih  Meeiguor zhihzuoh d  faan-Islam diahnying d  fehnnuh, Pakistan yixie zhuuyaoh cherngshih jie'shang     baohfa 
Because about US       produce  's anti-Islam movie     's anger,   Pakistan some  main     cities     in the street erupt  

baohlih kahngyih, zuihshaao 10 rern   beihsha.
violent protests, at least  10 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Somalia suicide bombing hits Mogadishu - 14 killed=====

Somalia zihshashih zhahdahn xirji Mogadishu - 14 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Somalia zihshashih zhahdahn xirji  Mogadishu - 14 sii
Somalia suicide    bomb     attack Mogadishu - 14 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two suicide bombers have blown themselves up in a restaurant in Somalia's capital Mogadishu, killing at least 14 people, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Somalia shooudu Mogadishu yi jian canting liaang 'ge zihshashih zhadahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 14 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Somalia shooudu Mogadishu yi jian canting    liaang 'ge zihshashih zhadahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 14 rern   siiwarng.
Officials say:  Somalia capital Mogadishu a       restaurant two        suicide    bomb    blast,    at least  14 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-20====

=====Deadly bomb blast hits Peshawar=====

Zhihmihng zhahdahn baohzhah xirji Peshawar
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhihmihng zhahdahn baohzhah xirji  Peshawar
Deadly    bomb     blast    attack Peshawar
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb blast in Pakistan's north-western city Peshawar kills at least 9 people, and wounds several others, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Pakistan xibeei cherngshih Peshawar zhahdahn baohzhah, zhihshaao 9 rern siiwarng, jii 'ge rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Pakistan xibeei    cherngshih Peshawar zhahdahn baohzhah, zhihshaao 9 rern   siiwarng, jii 'ge rern   shouhshang.
Officials say:  Pakistan northwest city       Peshawar bomb     blast,    at least  9 people die,      several people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-19====

=====Painkillers &quot;cause&quot; of headaches=====

Zhiitohngyaoh &quot;yiinzhih&quot; tourterng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhiitohngyaoh &quot;yiinzhih&quot; tourterng
Painkillers   &quot;to cause&quot; headaches
&lt;/pre&gt;

Up to a million people in the UK are giving themselves severe headaches by taking too many painkillers, doctors have warned.

Yisheng jiinggaoh: Yingguor duodar 100 wahn rern chi tai duo zhiitohngyaoh yiinzhih yarnzhohng tourterng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yisheng jiinggaoh: Yingguor duodar 100 wahn         rern   chi tai duo  zhiitohngyaoh yiinzhih yarnzhohng tourterng.
Doctors warn:      UK       up to  100 ten-thousand people eat too many painkillers   to cause severe     headaches.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-18====

=====Afghanistan suicide bomber hits foreigners on Kabul bus=====

Afghanistan zihshashih zhadahn xirji Kabul bus d waihguorrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zihshashih zhadahn xirji  Kabul bus d  waihguorrern
Afghanistan suicide    bomb    attack kabul bus 's foreigners
&lt;/pre&gt;

Up to 12 people are reported to have been killed in a suicide bomb attack on a minibus carrying foreigners near the Afghan capital, Kabul.

Zihshashih zhahdahn xirji Afghanistan shooudu fuhjihn yi liahng zaih'zhe waihguorrern d xiaaoba, juhbaoh 12 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zihshashih zhahdahn xirji  Afghanistan shooudu fuhjihn  yi liahng zaih'zhe waihguorrern d  xiaaoba, juhbaoh              12 rern   
Suicide    bomb     attack Afghanistan capital vicinity a         carrying foreigner    's minibus, according to reports 12 people 

siiwarng.
die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly attack on Turkish convoy=====

Zhihmihng xirji Turkey huhsongduih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhihmihng xirji  Turkey huhsongduih
Deadly    attack Turkey convoy
&lt;/pre&gt;

Militants kill 7 Turkish soldiers and injure at least 56 more in a rocket attack on a convoy in the east - security officials.

Baao`anbuh shuo: Wuuzhuang-fehnzii huoojiahn xirji dongbuh yi duih huhsohngduih, 7 'ge Turkey junrern beihsha, zhihshaao 56 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Baao`anbuh shuo: Wuuzhuang-fehnzii huoojiahn xirji  dongbuh yi duih huhsohngduih, 7 'ge Turkey junrern  beihsha,   zhihshaao 
Security   say:  Militants         rocket    attack east    a       convoy,       7     Turkish soldiers be killed, at least  

56 'ge shouhshang.
56     be inured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-17====

=====China protests hit Japanese trade=====

Zhongguor d kahngyih daaji Ribeen shengyih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor d kahngyih daaji Ribeen shengyih
China's     protests hit   Japan  business
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japanese electronics maker Panasonic suspends some of its operations in China after anti-Japan protesters attacked 2 of its factories.

Youryur faan-Rih kahngyih xirji Ribeen diahnzii zhihzaohshang Panasonic d 2 jian gongchaang, Panasonic zahntirng ta zaih Zhongguor d yixie shengchaan.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur    faan-Rih   kahngyih xirji  Ribeen diahnzii    zhihzaohshang Panasonic d  2 jian gongchaang, Panasonic zahntirng ta 
Because of anti-Japan protest  attack Japan  electronics maker         Panasonic 's 2      factories,  Panasonic suspend   it 

zaih Zhongguor d  yixie shengchaan.
at   China     's some  production.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Baghdad car bombing kills 7=====

Baghdad qihche zhahdahn shasii 7 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Baghdad qihche zhahdahn shasii 7 rern
Baghdad car    bomb     kill   7 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 7 people have been killed in a suicide car bomb attack near the heavily-guarded International Zone in Iraq's capital, Baghdad, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Iraq shooudu Baghdad kaohjihn jiehbeih-shenyarn d International Zone fasheng zihshashih zhahdahn xirji, zuihshaao 7 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Iraq shooudu Baghdad kaohjihn jiehbeih-shenyarn d International Zone fasheng zihshashih zhahdahn xirji,  
Officials say:  Iraq capital Baghdad near     heavily-guarded     International Zone happen  suicide    bomb     attack, 

zuihshaao 7 rern   beihsha.
at least  7 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-16====

=====Nato air strike &quot;kills eight women&quot;=====

Nato kongxir &quot;shasii 8 'ge nyuurern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato kongxir    &quot;shasii 8 'ge nyuurern&quot;
Nato air strike &quot;kill   8     women&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least eight women have died in a Nato air strike in Afghanistan's eastern province of Laghman, local officials say.

Dangdih guanfang shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh sheengfehn Laghman d yi cih Nato kongxir, zuihshaao 8 'ge nyuurern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dangdih guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan dongbuh sheengfehn Laghman d  yi cih Nato kongxir,    zuihshaao 8 'ge nyuurern siiwarng.
Local   officials say:  Afghanistan east    province   Laghman 's a      Nato air strike, at least  8     women    die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-15====

=====Afghan militants breach Nato base=====

Afghanistan wuuzhuang-fehnzii gongpoh Nato jidih
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan wuuzhuang-fehnzii gongpoh Nato jidih
Afghanistan militants         breach  Nato base
&lt;/pre&gt;

Militants breach the heavily fortified Camp Bastion base in Afghanistan, killing 2 US marines, in what the Taliban say was revenge over the film mocking Islam.

Taliban shengcheng weih'le baoh'fu wuuruu Islam d diahnyiing, wuuzhuang-fehngzii gongpoh jiehbeih-shenyarn d Afghanistan Camp Bastion jidih, shasii 2 'ge Meeiguor haaijun.
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban shengcheng weih'le baoh'fu wuuruu Islam d  diahnyiing, wuuzhuang-fehngzii gongpoh jiehbeih-shenyarn d  Afghanistan 
taliban claim      for     revenge insult Islam 's movie,      militants          breach  guard-heavily     's Afghanistan 

Camp Bastion jidih, shasii 2 'ge Meeiguor haaijun.
Camp Bastion base,  kill   2     US       marines.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-12====

=====US confirms its Libya ambassador killed in Benghazi=====

Meeiguor zhehngshir zaih Libya Bengahzi d Meeiguor dahshii beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor zhehngshir zaih Libya Bengahzi d  Meeiguor dahshii    beihsha
US       confirm    at   Libya Benghazi 's US       ambassador be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

The US ambassador to Libya is among 4 Americans killed in an attack on the US consulate in Benghazi, President Barack Obama has confirmed.

Barack Obama zhehngshir: Zaih Benghazi d Meeiguor liingshihguan beih xirji, zhuh Libya d Meeiguor dahshii her 3 'ge Meeiguorrern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Barack Obama zhehngshir: Zaih Benghazi d  Meeiguor liingshihguan beih xirji,  zhuh Libya d  Meeiguor dahshii    her 3 'ge 
Barack Obama confirm:    At   Benghazi 's US       ambassador    be attacked, stay Libya 's US       ambassador and 3     

Meeiguorrern beihsha.
US people    be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-10====

=====Afghan suicide attack &quot;kills 16&quot;=====

Afghanistan zihshashih xirji &quot;16 sii&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zihshashih xirji  &quot;16 sii&quot;
Afghanistan suicide    attack &quot;16 die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide attack in Afghanistan's north-eastern city of Kunduz kills 16 people and injures at least 20, local officials say.

Dangdih guanfang shuo: Afghanistan dongbeei cherngshih Kunduz d zihshashih xirji shasii 16 rern, zuishaao 20 shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dangdih guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan dongbeei  cherngshih Kunduz  d zihshashih xirji  shasii 16 rern,   zuishaao 20 shouhshang.
Local   officials say:  Afghanistan northeast city       Kunduz 's suicide    attack kill   16 people, at least 20 be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-09====

=====Syria car bomb &quot;kills 17&quot;=====

Syria qihche zhahdahn &quot;shasii 17&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria qihche zhahdahn &quot;shasii 17&quot;
Syria car    bomb     &quot;kill   17&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A car bomb in Syria's largest city, Aleppo, has killed 17 people and wounded 40, according to the Syrian state news agency Sana.

Genjuh Syria guorjia tongxuhnsheh Sana baohdaao: Syria zuihdah cherngshih Aleppo qihche zhahdahn shasii 17 rern, 40 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Genjuh       Syria guorjia tongxuhnsheh Sana baohdaao: Syria zuihdah  cherngshih Aleppo qihche zhahdahn shasii 17 rern,   
According to Syria state   news agency  Sana report:   Syria most big city       Aleppo car    bomb     kill   17 people, 

40 rern   shouhshang.
40 people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-08====

=====Apec summit: President Hu's pledge on China economic growth=====

Apec fenghuih: Hur zoongtoong baaozhehng Zhongguor jingjih zengzhaang
&lt;pre&gt;
Apec fenghuih: Hur zoongtoong baaozhehng Zhongguor jingjih zengzhaang
Apec summit:   Hu  president  pledge     China     economy grow
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese President Hu Jintao has promised to maintain economic growth to support a global recovery, at the start of an Asia-Pacific summit in the Russian port city of Vladivostok.

Zaih Russia cherngshih Vladivostok d Yah-Taih fenghuih kaishii d shir'hou, Zhongguor zoongtoong Hur Jiintao cherngnuoh baaochir jingjih zengzhaang yii zhichir quarnqiur fuhsu.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zaih Russia cherngshih Vladivostok  d Yah-Taih     fenghuih kaishii d shir'hou, Zhongguor zoongtoong Hur Jiintao cherngnuoh 
At   Russia city       Vladivostok 's Asia-Pacific simmit   start  's time,     China     president  Hu  Jintao  promise    

baaochir jingjih zengzhaang yii zhichir quarnqiur fuhsu.
maintain economy growth     to  support global    recovery.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Suicide attack near base in Kabul=====

Kabul jidih fuhjihn zihshashih xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Kabul jidih fuhjihn  zihshashih xirji
Kabul base  vicinity suicide    attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber kills at least 6 people including a number of children near the headquarters of the Nato-led coalition in the Afghan capital Kabul.

Afghanistan shoouduh kabul Nato liingdaao d liarnmerng zoongbuh fuhjihn, yi'ge zihshashih zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 6 rern baokuoh yixie errtorng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan shoouduh Kabul Nato liingdaao d liarnmerng zoongbuh     fuhjihn,  yi'ge zihshashih zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 6 rern   
Afghanistan capital  Kabul Nato-led      's coalition  headquarters vicinity, a     suicide    bomb     kill   at least  6 people 

baokuoh yixie errtorng.
include some  children.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-07====

=====Earthquakes hit south-west China=====

Zhongguor xinarnbuh dihzhehn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor xinarnbuh dihzhehn
China     southwest earthquake
&lt;/pre&gt;

A series of earthquakes hit south-west China, leaving at least 64 people dead and 715 injured, state-run media say.

Guoryirng meirtii shuo: Zhongguor xinarnbuh yixihlieh dihzhehn, zuihshaao 64 rern siiwarng, 715 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guoryirng meirtii shuo: Zhongguor xinarnbuh yixihlieh   dihzhehn,   zuihshaao 64 rern   siiwarng, 715 rern   shouhshang.
State-run media   say:  China     southwest a series of earthquake, at least  64 people die,      715 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-06====

=====UK economic growth forecast cut by OECD=====

OECD xuejiaan UK jingjih zengzhaang yuhceh
&lt;pre&gt;
OECD xuejiaan UK jingjih zengzhaang yuhceh
OECD cut      UK economy growth     forecast
&lt;/pre&gt;

The UK's economy is set to contract by 0.7% this year, according to the OECD, the club of industrialized nations.

Genjuh OECD (Jingjih Herzuoh yuu Fazhaan Zuuzhi) xiaanshih: UK jinniarn jingjih yuhceh shousou 0.7%.
&lt;pre&gt;
Genjuh       OECD (Jingjih Herzuoh     yuu Fazhaan     Zuuzhi)       xiaanshih: UK jinniarn  jingjih yuhceh   shousou     0.7%.
According to OECD (Economy Cooperation and Development Organization) show:      UK this year economy forecast to contract 0.7%.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Turkey grenade depot blast kills 25=====

Turkey shoouliurdahn cangkuh baohzhah, 25 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Turkey shoouliurdahn cangkuh baohzhah, 25 rern   siiwarng
Turkey grenade       depot   blast,    25 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

An explosion at an ammunition store in Turkey has killed 25 soldiers and wounded four others, the military says.

Junfang shuo: Turkey junhuookuh baohzhah, 25 'ge shihbing siiwarng, 4 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Junfang      shuo: Turkey junhuookuh       baohzhah, 25 'ge shihbing siiwarng, 4 'ge shouhshang.
The military say:  Turkey ammunition store blast,    25     soldiers die,      4     be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria military &quot;bombards Aleppo&quot;=====

Syria junfang &quot;paohhong Aleppo&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria junfang  &quot;paohhong Aleppo&quot;
Syria military &quot;bombard  Aleppo&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Security forces shell several opposition-held districts in Syria's second city of Aleppo, leaving at least 19 people dead, activists say.

Huoryueh fehnzii shuo: Baao`an buhduih paohji Syria dih-erh cherngshih Aleppo jii 'ge faanduihpaih kohngzhih d dihqu, zaohcherng zuihshaao 19 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Huoryueh fehnzii shuo: Baao`an  buhduih paohji Syria dih-erh cherngshih Aleppo jii 'ge faanduihpaih kohngzhih d dihqu,     
Activists        say:  Security forces  shell  Syria second  city       Aleppo several opposition   control  's districts, 

zaohcherng zuihshaao 19 rern   siiwarng.
to cause   at least  19 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-05====

=====Blaze at India fireworks factory &quot;kills 34&quot;=====

India yanhua gongchaang huoozai, 34 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
India yanhua    gongchaang huoozai,       34 rern   siiwarng
India fireworks factory    fire disaster, 34 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 34 people have been killed and 30 others injured in a massive blaze at a fireworks factory in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, police say.

Jiingfang shuo: India narnbuh sheengfehn Tamil Nadu yi jian yanhua gongchaang dahhuoo, zuihshaao 34 rern siiwarng, 30 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang shuo: India narnbuh sheengfehn Tamil Nadu yi jian yanhua    gongchaang dahhuoo,  zuihshaao 34 rern   siiwarng, 30 rern 
Police    say:  India south   province   Tamil Nadu a       fireworks factory    big fire, at least  34 people die,      30 rern 

shouhshang.
be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China manufacturing dips to a nine-month low in August=====

Zhongguor gongyeh shengchaan xiahjiahng zhih 9 'ge yueh yiilair xin di
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor gongyeh     shengchaan xiahjiahng zhih 9 'ge yueh   yiilair xin di
China     manufacture production fall       to   9     month -since   new low
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's manufacturing activity fell to a nine-month low in August, adding to fears that its economy is slowing faster than estimated.

Zhongguor Bayueh d gongyeh huordohng xiahjiahng zhih 9 'ge yueh yiilair xin di, zengjia youlyuh ta d jingjih bii yuhceh fahnghuaan de gehng kuaih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor Bayueh  d gongyeh     huordohng xiahjiahng zhih 9 'ge yueh   yiilair xin di,  zengjia youlyuh ta d jingjih bii         
China     August 's manufacture activity  fall       to   9     month -since   new low, add to  fear    its  economy compared to 

yuhceh   fahnghuaan de gehng kuaih.
estimate slow down     more  fast.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-04====

=====Deadly bus crash in south Morocco=====

Morocco narnbuh zhihmihng d bus zhuahnghuii
&lt;pre&gt;
Morocco narnbuh zhihmihng d bus zhuahnghuii
Morocco south   deadly      bus crash
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 42 people have been killed and more than 20 injured after a bus plunged into a ravine in southern Morocco, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Morocco narnbuh yi liahng bus dieluoh shenguu, zhihshaao 42 rern siiwarng, chaoguoh 20 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Morocco narnbuh yi liahng bus dieluoh shenguu, zhihshaao 42 rern   siiwarng, chaoguoh 20 rern   shouhshang.
Officials say:  Morocco south   a         bus drop to ravine,  at least  42 people die,      exceed   20 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US manufacturing sees weak growth=====

Meeiguor zhihzaohyeh zengzhaang huaanmahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor zhihzaohyeh zengzhaang huaanmahn
US       manufacture grow       slow
&lt;/pre&gt;

US manufacturing growth remains sluggish in August amid weak exports and employment, according to two closely-watched surveys.

Genjuh liaang cih xiarngxih d diaohchar xiaanshih: Youryur chukoou her jiuhyeh pirruoh, Meeiguor Bayueh d zhihzaohyeh zengzhaang huaanmahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Genjuh       liaang cih xiarngxih d diaohchar xiaanshih: Youryur    chukoou her jiuhyeh    pirruoh, Meeiguor Bayueh  d zhihzaohyeh 
According to two        detail      surveys   show:      Because of exports and employment weak,    US       August 's manufacture 

zengzhaang huaanmahn.
grow       slow.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bomber &quot;kills 25&quot; Afghan mourners=====

Zhahdahn &quot;shasii 25 'ge&quot; Afghanistan aidaohzhee
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhahdahn &quot;shasii 25 'ge&quot; Afghanistan aidaohzhee
Bomb     &quot;kill   25&quot;     Afghanistan mourners
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber attacks a funeral in the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar, killing at least 25 civilians, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Yi'ge zihshashih zhahdahn xirji Afghanistan dongbuh sheengfehn Nangarhar yi'ge zahnglii, shasii zhihshaao 25 'ge pirngmirn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Yi'ge zihshashih zhahdahn xirji  Afghanistan dongbuh sheengfehn Nangarhar yi'ge zahnglii, shasii zhihshaao 25 'ge 
Officials say:  A     suicide    bomb     attack Afghanistan east    province   Nangarhar a     funeral,  kill   at least  25     

pirngmirn.
civilians.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-03====

=====Peshawar suicide bomber kills 2=====

Peshswar zihshashih zhahdahn shasii 2 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Peshawar zihshashih zhahdahn shasii 2 rern
Peshawar suicide    bomb     kill   2 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Police say a bomber killed 2 people and himself when he hit a US consulate vehicle in Peshawar, Pakistan, but the US says no Americans died.

Jiingfang shuo: Yi 'ge zihshashih zhahdahn xirji Pakistan Peshawar d Meeiguor liingshihguaan, shasii 2 rern her tazihjii, dahnshih Meeiguor shuo meiryoou Meeiguorern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang shuo: Yi 'ge zihshashih zhahdahn xirji  Pakistan Peshawar  d Meeiguor liingshihguaan, shasii 2 rern   her tazihjii, 
Police    say:  A      suicide    bomb     attack Pakistan Peshawar 's US       consulate,      kill   2 people and himself,  

dahnshih Meeiguor shuo meiryoou Meeiguorern siiwarng.
but      US       say  no       Americans   die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====New mine shooting in South Africa=====

South Africa xin d kuahngchaang qiangji
&lt;pre&gt;
South Africa xin d kuahngchaang qiangji
South Africa new   mine         shooting
&lt;/pre&gt;

Another shooting incident takes place at a mine in South Africa, as security guards injure four striking gold miners with rubber bullets, police say.

Jiingfang shuo: South Africa fasheng lihngyi cih kuahngchaang qiangji shihjiahn, baao`an jiingweih yohng xiahngjiao ziidahn qiangshang 4 'ge jinkuahng gongrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiingfang shuo: South Africa fasheng lihngyi cih kuahngchaang qiangji      shihjiahn, baao`an jiingweih yohng xiahngjiao ziidahn 
Police    say:  South Africa happen  another     mine         gun shooting incident,  security guards   use   rubber     bullets 

qiangshang   4 'ge jinkuahng gongrern.
bullet wound 4     gold mine workers.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====10 Turkish troops die in clashes=====

10 'ge Turkey junrern zaih chongtu zhong siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
10 'ge Turkey junrern  zaih chongtu zhong  siiwarng
10     Turkey soldiers at   clashes inside die
&lt;/pre&gt;

10 members of Turkey's security forces have been killed in an attack by Kurdish rebels close to the border with Iraq and Syria, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: 10 'ge Turkey baao`an buhduih cherngyuarn, zaih yi cih kaohjihn Iraq her Syria bianjieh d xirji zhong, beih Kurd-rern zaohfaanzhee shasii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: 10 'ge Turkey baao`an  buhduih cherngyuarn, zaih yi cih kaohjihn Iraq her Syria bianjieh d xirji  zhong,  
Officials say:  10     Turkey security forces  members,     at   a      near     Iraq and Syria border  's attack inside, 

beih Kurd-rern   zaohfaanzhee shasii.
by   Kurd-people rebels       kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Tutu urges trial for Blair and Bush=====

Tutu yaoqiur sheenpahn Blair her Bush
&lt;pre&gt;
Tutu yaoqiur sheenpahn               Blair her Bush
Tutu request to try a legal case for Blair and Bush
&lt;/pre&gt;

Tony Blair and George W Bush should be taken to the International Criminal Court in The Hague over the Iraq war, Archbishop Desmond Tutu has said.

Desmond Tutu dahzhuujiaoh shuo: Youryur Iraq zhahnzheng, Tony Blair her George W Bush yinggai shouhdaoh Hague Guorjih Xirngshih Faatirng sheenpahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Desmond Tutu dahzhuujiaoh shuo: Youryur    Iraq zhahnzheng, Tony Blair her George W Bush yinggai shouhdaoh Hague Guorjih       
Desmond Tutu Archbishop   say:  Because of Iraq war,        Tony Blair and George W Bush should  be given  Hague international 

Xirngshih Faatirng sheenpahn.
Criminal  Court    to try a legal case
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-02====

=====Japanese survey of disputed East China Sea islands=====

Rihbeen kanchar yoou zhengyih d Dong Haai daaoyuu
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen kanchar yoou zhengyih d Dong Haai daaoyuu
Japan   survey  have dispute 's East Sea  islands
&lt;/pre&gt;

A group of Japanese officials have carried out a survey of a group of islands in the East China Sea claimed by both Japan and China.

Yi qurn Ribeen guanyuarn kanchar Ribeen her Zhongguor dou shengcheng yongyoou zhuuquarn d zaih Dong Haai d qurndaao.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yi qurn  Ribeen guanyuarn kanchar Ribeen her Zhongguor dou shengcheng yongyoou zhuuquarn    d zaih Dong Haai d qurndaao.
A  group Japan  officials survey  Japan  and China     all claim      possess  sovereignty 's at   East Sea 's islands.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan police recruits' training halted after attacks on Nato=====

Youryur Nato beih xirji, Afghanistan jiingchar xinbing xuhnliahn zahntirng
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur Nato beih xirji,    Afghanistan jiingchar xinbing  xuhnliahn zahntirng
Because Nato be   attacked, Afghanistan police    recruits training  halt
&lt;/pre&gt;

The US says it is suspending training for new recruits to the Afghan local police (ALP) while checks are carried out on possible ties to the Taliban.

Meeiguor shuo: Zaih diaohchar Taliban d shehntouh qijian, Afghanistan beendih jiingchar (ALP) d xinbing xuhnliahn zahntirng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor shuo: Zaih diaohchar   Taliban d shehntouh    qijian, Afghanistan beendih jiingchar (ALP)  d xinbing  xuhnliahn 
US       say:  At   investigate Taliban's infiltration period, Afghanistan local   police    (ALP) 's recruits training 

zahntirng.
suspend.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Mali Islamists occupy key town=====

Mali Islam-zhuuyihzhee zhahnliing zhuuyaoh shihzhehn
&lt;pre&gt;
Mali Islam-zhuuyihzhee zhahnliing zhuuyaoh shihzhehn
Mali Islamist          occupy     key      town
&lt;/pre&gt;

Islamist rebels in control of northern Mali seize the strategic town of Douentza, moving closer to the country's government-held south.

Kohngzhih Mali beeibuh d Islam-zhuuyih zaohfaanzhee duorquu zhahnlueh shihzhehn Douentza, bihjihn zhehngfuu kohngzhih d narnfang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kohngzhih Mali beeibuh d Islam-zhuuyih zaohfaanzhee duorquu zhahnlueh shihzhehn Douentza, bihjihn  zhehngfuu  kohngzhih d narnfang.
Control   Mali north  's Islamism      rebels       seize   strategic town      Douentza, approach government control  's south.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-09-01====

=====Afghan suicide attacks kill 13=====

Afghanistan zihshashih xirji shasii 13 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zihshashih xirji  shasii 13 rern
Afghanistan suicide    attack kill   13 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A twin suicide bombing near a base of US-led forces in central Afghanistan kills at least 9 civilians and 4 policemen, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Afghanistan zhongbuh yi 'ge Meeiguor liingdaao d junshih jidih fuhjihn, liaang cih zihshashih baohzhah shasii zhihshaao 9 'ge pirngmirn her 4 'ge jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan zhongbuh        yi 'ge Meeiguor liingdaao d junshih  jidih fuhjihn,  liaang cih zihshashih baohzhah 
Officials say:  Afghanistan central section a      US-led            's military base  vicinity, two        suicide    blast    

shasii zhihshaao 9 'ge pirngmirn her 4 'ge jiingchar.
kill   at least  9     civilian  and 4     police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eurozone unemployment at new high=====

Eurozone shiyeh rernshuh chuahng xin gao
&lt;pre&gt;
Eurozone shiyehlyuh   rernshuh         chuahng  xin gao
Eurozone unemployment number of people initiate new high
&lt;/pre&gt;

Unemployment across the 17-nation Eurozone hit a record 18 million in July, the EU statistics agency says.

EU toongjih daihlii shuo: Eurozone 17 guor Qiyueh shiyeh zoong rernshuh dardaoh 1800 wahn d jihluh.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU toongjih   daihlii shuo: Eurozone 17 guor    Qiyueh shiyeh       zoong rernshuh         dardaoh 1800 wahn          d jihluh.
EU statistics agency  say:  Eurozone 17 country July   unemployment total number of people reach   1800 ten-thousand 's record.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly blast hits Peshawar market=====

Zhihmihng baohzha xirji Peshawar shihchaang
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhihmihng baohzha xirji  Peshawar shihchaang
Deadly    blast   attack Peshawar market
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 11 people die when a car bomb rips through a busy market on the outskirts of the north-west Pakistani city of Peshawar, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Pakistan xibeei chergshih Peshawar jiaoqu yi 'ge farnmarng shihchaang fasheng qihche zhahdahn baohzhah, zhihshaao 11 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Pakistan xibeei     chergshih Peshawar jiaoqu   yi 'ge farnmarng shihchaang fasheng qihche zhahdahn baohzhah,  
Officials say:  Pakistan north-west city      Peshawar outskirt a      busy      market     happen  car    bomb     explosion, 

zhihshaao 11 rern   siiwarng.
at least  11 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-31====

=====Fatal shooting at US supermarket=====

Meeiguor chaojir shihchaang fasheng zhihmihng qiangji
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor chaojir shihchaang fasheng zhihmihng qiangji
US       super   market     happen  fatal     shooting
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 3 people are reported to be dead after a shooting at a supermarket in the US state of New Jersey.

Meeiguor New Jersey Zhou yi jian chaojir shihchaang fasheng qiangji, juhbaoh zhihshaao 3 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Meeiguor New Jersey Zhou  yi jian chaojir shihchaang fasheng qiangji,  juhbaoh              zhihshaao 3 rern   siiwarng.
US       New Jersey State a       super   market     happen  shooting, according to reports at least  3 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-30====

=====Paralympics: Mark Colbourne wins Britain's first medal in London=====

Paralympics: Mark Colbourne zaih London yirnder Britain d dih-yi 'ge jinpair
&lt;pre&gt;
Paralympics: Mark Colbourne zaih London yirnder Britain d dih-yi 'ge jinpair
Paralympics: Mark Colbourne at   London win     Britain's first      medal
&lt;/pre&gt;

Great Britain have won their first medal on day one of the London 2012 Paralympic Games.

Great Britain zaih London 2012 Paralympics d dih-1 rih yirngder ta'men d dih-1 'ge jinpair.
&lt;pre&gt;
Great Britain zaih London 2012 Paralympics d  dih-1 rih yirngder ta'men d dih-1 'ge jinpair.
Great Britain at   London 2012 Paralympics 's first day win      theri    first     medal.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Iraq gunmen kill police general=====

Iraq qiangshoou shasii jiingzhaang
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq qiangshoou shasii jiingzhaang
Iraq gunmen     kill   police chief
&lt;/pre&gt;

5 Iraqi security forces members, including 2 senior officers, have been killed in a series of shootings and bombings, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: 5 'ge baao`an buhduih cherngyuarn, baokuoh 2 'ge gaojir guanyuarn, zaih yixihlieh d qiangji her baohzhah zhong beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: 5 'ge baao`an  buhduih cherngyuarn, baokuoh 2 'ge gaojir guanyuarn, zaih yixihlieh d qiangji   her baohzhah zhong  
Officials say:  5     security forces  member,      include 2     senior officer,   at   a series of shootings and bombigs  inside 

beihsha.
be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====5 Australian soldiers killed in Afghanistan=====

5 'ge Australia shihbing zaih Afghanistan beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
5 'ge Australia shihbing zaih Afghanistan beihsha
5     Australia soldier  at   Afghanistan be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

5 Australian soldiers have been killed in Afghanistan in two separate incidents, defense officials say.

Farngweih buhmern shuo: 5 'ge Australia shihbing zaih Afghanistan d 2 cih fenbier d shihjiahn beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Farngweih buhmern    shuo: 5 'ge Australia shihbing zaih Afghanistan  d 2 cih fenbier d shihjiahn beihsha.
Defense   department say:  5     Australia soldier  at   Afghanistan 's 2     separate  incident  be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan in army uniform &quot;kills 3 Nato soldiers&quot;=====

Chuan junzhuang d Afghanistan-rern &quot;shasii 3 'ge Nato shihbing
&lt;pre&gt;
Chuan junzhuang     d Afghanistan-rern   &quot;shasii 3 'ge Nato shihbing
Wear  army uniform 's Afghanistan-person &quot;kill   3     Nato soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

Nato says an Afghan in army uniform has killed 3 Nato soldiers in southern Afghanistan.

Nato shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh yi 'ge chuan junzhuang d Afghanistan-rern shasii 3 'ge Nato shihbing.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh yi 'ge chuan junzhuang     d Afghanistan-rern   shasii 3 'ge Nato shihbing.
Nato say:  Afghanistan south   a      wear  army uniform 's Afghanistan-person kill   3     Nato soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Taliban &quot;kill 8 Pakistan soldiers&quot;=====

Taliban &quot;shasii 8 'ge Pakistan shihbing
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban &quot;shasii 8 'ge Pakistan shihbing
Taliban &quot;kill   8     Pakistan soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

Taliban militants have attacked a Pakistani army post near the Afghan border killing at least 8 soldiers, security officials say.

Baao`an buhmern shuo: Taliban zhahshih xirji yi 'ge kaohjihn Afghanistan bianjieh d junshih jidih, shasii zhihshaao 8 'ge shihbing.
&lt;pre&gt;
Baao`an  buhmern    shuo: Taliban zhahshih  xirji  yi 'ge kaohjihn Afghanistan bianjieh d junshih  jidih, shasii zhihshaao 8 'ge 
Security department say:  Taliban militants attack a      near     Afghanistan border  's military base,  kill   at least  8     

shihbing.
soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-29====

=====China official &quot;fled with money&quot;=====

Zhongguor guanyuarn &quot;xierdaihsitaor&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor guanyuarn &quot;xierdaihsitaor&quot;
China     official  &quot;fled with wealth&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A former top official of a city in northeast China has fled the country - reportedly with tens of million dollars, Chinese reports say.

Zhongguor baohdaao: Zhongguor dongbeei cherngshih yi 'ge qiarn gaojir guanyuarn tou'le jii-qian wahn Meeiyuarn taorlir Zhongguor.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor baohdaao: Zhongguor dongbeei  cherngshih yi 'ge qiarn  gaojir guanyuarn tou'le jii-qian         wahn         Meeiyuarn 
China     report:   China     northeast city       a      former top    official  stole  several-thousand ten-thousand US dollar 

taorlir Zhongguor.
fled    China.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-28====

=====Grenade attack on Kenyan police=====

Shoouliurdahn xirji Kenya jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Shoouliurdahn xirji  Kenya jiingchar
Grenade       attack Kenya police
&lt;/pre&gt;

A grenade is thrown at police in the Kenyan city of Mombasa, killing 1 officer and wounding 16 others, the Red Cross say.

Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Kenya cherngshih Mombasa shoouliurdahn xirji jiingchar, 1 'ge jiingchar beihsha, 16 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Kenya cherngshih Mombasa shoouliurdahn xirji  jiingchar, 1 'ge jiingchar beihsha,   16 'ge shouhshang.
Red Cross        say:  Kenya city       Mombasa grenade       attack police,    1     police    be killed, 16     be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Profits dip at Chinese industries=====

Zhongguor gongyeh lihruhn xiahjiahng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor gongyeh  lihruhn xiahjiahng
China     industry profit  fall
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's industrial firms see a dip in profits for the fourth successive month, adding to fears about a sharp slowdown in China's economy.

Zhongguor d gongyeh gongsi liarnxuh 4 'ge yueh lihruhn xiahjiahng, zengjia duih Zhongguor jingjih dahfurduh fahnghuaan d youlyuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor d gongyeh    gongsi liarnxuh   4 'ge yueh  lihruhn xiahjiahng, zengjia  duih  Zhongguor jingjih dahfurduh fahnghuaan d 
China's     industrial firms  successive 4     month profit  fall,       increase about China     economy sharply   slow down 's 

youlyuh.
worry.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-27====

=====Taliban kill Afghan &quot;party-goers&quot;=====

Taliban shasii Afghanistan &quot;party canjiazhee&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban shasii Afghanistan &quot;party canjiazhee&quot;
Taliban kill   Afghanistan &quot;party participants&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

17 civilians have been killed by Taliban insurgents in southern Afghanistan, reportedly for attending a party.

Zaih Afghanistan narnbuh, 17 'ge juhshuo canjia party d pirngmirn beih Taliban zaohfaanzhee shasii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zaih Afghanistan narnbuh, 17 'ge juhshuo    canjia party  d pirngmirn beih Taliban zaohfaanzhee shasii.
At   Afghanistan south,   17     reportedly attend party 's civilians by   Taliban insurgents   kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Rebels kill South Sudan troops=====

Zaohfaanzhee shasii South Sudan junrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Zaohfaanzhee shasii South Sudan junrern
Rebels       kill   South Sudan soldiers
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 24 South Sudanese soldiers have been killed in an ambush by rebel fighters, the army says.

Junfang shuo: Zhihshaao 24 'ge South Sudan shihbing beih zaohfaan zhahnshih furji shasii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Junfang      shuo: Zhihshaao 24 'ge South Sudan shihbing beih zaohfaan zhahnshih furji  shasii.
The military say:  At least  24     South Sudan fighters by   rebel    fighters  ambush kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-26====

=====Chinese bus collides with tanker, killing 36=====

Zhongguor bus yuu guahnche xiangzhuahng, 36 sii
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor bus yuu  guahnche xiangzhuahng, 36 sii
China     bus with tanker   collide,      36 die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 36 people have died after a sleeper-bus collided with a methane-laden tanker in northern China, state-run media say.

Guoryirng meirtii shuo: Zhongguor beeifang yi liahng wohpuh-bus yuu maanzaih methane d guahnche xiangzhuahng, zhihshaao 36 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guoryirng meirtii shuo: Zhongguor beeifang yi liahng wohpuh-bus  yuu  maanzaih    methane  d guahnche xiangzhuahng, zhihshaao 36 
Sate-run  media   say:  China     north    a         sleeper-bus with full loaded methane 's tanker   collide,      at least  36 

rern   siiwarng.
people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-25====

=====China bridge collapse kills 3=====

Zhōngguó qiáoliáng dǎotà shāsǐ 3 rén
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó qiáoliáng dǎotà    shāsǐ 3 rén
China    bridge    collapse kill  3 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A section of a multi-million dollar bridge in China that opened in November has collapsed, leaving three people dead, state media say.

Guójiā méitǐ shuō: Zhōngguó yī tiáo shù-bǎiwàn Měiyuán, qùnián Shíyīyuè qǐyòng d qiáoliáng bùfèn dǎotà, 3 rén sǐwáng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guójiā méitǐ shuō: Zhōngguó yī tiáo shù-bǎiwàn      Měiyuán, qùnián    Shíyīyuè qǐyòng       d qiáoliáng bùfèn dǎotà,    3 rén    
State  media say:  China    a       several-million dollar,  last year November start using 's bridge    part  collapse, 3 people 

sǐwáng.
die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-24====

=====Deadly shootout near New York's Empire State Building=====

New York d Empire State Dàshà fùjìn fāshēng zhìmìng qiāngzhàn
&lt;pre&gt;
New York d Empire State Dàshà    fùjìn    fāshēng zhìmìng qiāngzhàn
New York's Empire State Building vicinity happen  deadly  shoot-out
&lt;/pre&gt;

2 people are dead, including a gunman, and 9 others are wounded in a shootout near New York's Empire State Building, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: New York d Empire State Dàshà fùjìn d qiāngzhàn zàochéng 2 rén sǐwáng, bàokuò yī ge qiāngshǒu, lìngwài 9 rén shòushāng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: New York d Empire State Dàshà    fùjìn     d qiāngzhàn zàochéng 2 rén    sǐwáng, bàokuò  yī ge qiāngshǒu, 
Officials say:  New york's Empire State Building vicinity 's shootout  to cause 2 people die,    include a     gunman,    

lìngwài     9 rén    shòushāng.
in addition 9 people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eurozone &quot;heading for recession&quot;=====

Euro-qū &quot;zǒuxiàng shuāituì&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro-qū  &quot;zǒuxiàng shuāituì&quot;
Eurozone &quot;head for recession&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Falling output from the Eurozone's manufacturing and services sectors suggest the region is heading for another recession, analysts say.

Euro-qū d zhìzào hé fúwù hángyè shūchū xiàjiàng xiǎnshì zhège dìqū zǒuxiàng lìngyī cì shuāituì.
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro-qū d  zhìzào      hé  fúwù    hángyè   shūchū xiàjiàng xiǎnshì zhège dìqū   zǒuxiàng lìngyī cì shuāituì.
Eurozone's manufacture and service industry output fall     show    this  region head for another   recession.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-23====

=====3 Pakistan police shot dead=====

3 ge Pakistan jǐngchá bèi shèshā
&lt;pre&gt;
3 ge Pakistan jǐngchá bèi shèshā
3    Pakistan police  be shot dead
&lt;/pre&gt;

3 policemen are killed after their patrol vehicle came under fire in the Hangu area of north-west Pakistan, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: Zài Pakistan xīběibù dìqū Hangu, 3 ge jǐngchá zài tāmen d xúnluó chē bèi pàohuǒ gōngjī zhīhòu bèishā.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Zài Pakistan xīběibù   dìqū Hangu, 3 ge jǐngchá   zài tāmen d xúnluó chē bèi pàohuǒ  gōngjī  zhīhòu bèishā.
Officials say:  At  Pakistan northwest area hangu, 3    policemen at  their   patrol car by  gunfire attack -after  be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-22====

=====Chemical weapons &quot;excuse for US&quot;=====

Huàxué wǔqì shì &quot;Měiguó d jièkǒu&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Huàxué   wǔqì    shì &quot;Měiguó d jièkǒu&quot;
Chemical weapons is  &quot;US's     excuse&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;
Chinese state media accuse US President Barack Obama of planning to use Syria's chemical weapons as an excuse for intervening militarily.

Zhōngguó guójiā méitǐ qiǎnzé Měiguó Zǒngtǒng Barack Obama jìhuà lìyòng Syria d huàxué wǔqì zuòwéi jūnshì jièrù d jièkǒu.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó guójiā méitǐ qiǎnzé Měiguó Zǒngtǒng  Barack Obama jìhuà    lìyòng Syria d huàxué   wǔqì   zuòwéi jūnshì   jièrù         d 
China    state  media accuse US     President Barack Bobam planning to use Syria's chemical weapon as     military intervention 's 

jièkǒu.
excuse.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US army chief plane hit by rocket=====

Měiguó jūnguān fēijī bèi huǒjiàn xíjī
&lt;pre&gt;
Měiguó jūnguān    fēijī    bèi huǒjiàn xíjī
US     army chief airplane by  rocket  attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

A rocket attack on a US air base in Afghanistan damages the plane of America's top military officer - but no-one is seriously injured.

Yī zhī huǒjiàn xíjī Afghanistan yī ge Měiguó kōngjūn jīdì, huǐhuài Měiguó gāojí jūnguān d fēijī - dànshì méiyǒu rén yánzhòng shòushāng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yī zhī huǒjiàn xíjī   Afghanistan yī ge Měiguó kōngjūn jīdì, huǐhuài Měiguó gāojí jūnguān           d fēijī    - dànshì méiyǒu   
A      rocket  attack Afghanistan a     US     air base,     damage  US     top   military officer 's airplane - but    not have 

rén    yánzhòng  shòushāng.
people seriously be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-21====

=====Obesity &quot;hastens brain decline&quot;=====

Chifeir &quot;jiasuh naao shuaituih&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Chifeir &quot;jiasuh naao  shuaituih&quot;
Obesity &quot;hasten brain decline&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Being overweight is not just bad for people's waistlines but for their mental abilities too, according to a study of more than 6,000 Britons.

Genjuh chaoguoh 6,000 'ge Yingguorrern d yarnjiu xiaanshih: Guohzhohng bujiin duih rern'men d yaoweir bu haao, yee duih zhihlih bu haao.
&lt;pre&gt;
Genjuh       chaoguoh 6,000 'ge Yingguorrern d yarnjiu xiaanshih: Guohzhohng bujiin   duih rern'men d yaoweir   bu  haao, yee  
According to exceed   6,000     Britons     's study   show:      Overweight not only for  people's   waistline not good, also 

duih zhihlih      bu  haao.
for  intelligence not good.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly blast hits Turkish city=====

Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji Turky cherngshih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji  Turkey cherngshih
Deadly    blast    attack Turkey city
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suspected car bomb in the south-eastern Turkish city of Gaziantep leaves at least 8 people dead, security sources and media say.

Baao`an buhmern her meirtii shuo: Turkey dongnarnbuh cherngshih Gaziantep yi 'ge huairyir d qihche zhahdahn zaohcherng zuihshaao 8 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Baao`an  buhmern    her meirtii shuo: Turkey dongnarnbuh cherngshih Gaziantep yi 'ge huairyir d qihche zhahdahn zaohcherng 
Security department and media   say:  Turkey southeast   city       Gaziantep a      suspected  car    bomb     to cause   

zuihshaao 8 rern   siiwarng.
at least  8 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-20====

=====Cancer in over 65s to &quot;treble&quot;=====

Chaoguoh 65 suih huahn airzhehng d rern zengjia daoh &quot;sanbeih&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Chaoguoh 65 suih        huahn       airzhehng d rern   zengjia  daoh &quot;sanbeih&quot;
Exceed   65 year of age to contract cancer   's people increase to   &quot;treble&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Cancer will become a fact of life for many people over the age of 65, according to researchers and a cancer charity.

Genjuh yarnjiu her airzhehng cirshahn-jigouh baohdaao: Heen duo chaoguoh 65 suih d rern huahn airzhehng huih cherngweir xiahnshir.
&lt;pre&gt;
Genjuh       yarnjiu  her airzhehng cirshahn-jigouh      baohdaao: Heen duo  chaoguoh 65 suih         d rern   huahn 
According to research and cancer    charity organization report:   Very many exceed   65 year of age 's people to contract 

airzhehng huih cherngweir xiahnshir.
cancer    will become     reality.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-19====

=====Ingushetia bomber kills policemen=====

Ingushetia zhahdahn shasii jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Ingushetia zhahdahn shasii jiingchar
Ingushetia bomb     kill   policemen
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 7 policemen are killed in the Russian Caucasus region of Ingushetia in a suicide bombing at a funeral of a colleague, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Russia Caucasus dihqu Ingushetia, yi 'ge zihshashih zhahdahn xirji yi 'ge jiingchar d zahnglii, zuihshaoo 7 'ge jiingchar beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Russia Caucasus dihqu  Ingushetia, yi 'ge zihshashih zhahdahn xirji  yi 'ge jiingchar  d zahnglii, zuihshaoo 7 'ge 
Officials say:  Russia Caucasus region Ingushetia, a      suicide    bomb     attack a      police    's funeral,  at least  7    

jiingchar beihsha.
policemen be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Libya car bomb attacks kill two=====

Libya qihche zhahdahn xirji shasii liaang rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya qihche zhahdahn xirji   shasii liaang rern
Libya car    bomb     attacks kill   two    people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two people are killed in twin car bomb attacks close to security force buildings in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Libya shooudu Tripoli kaohjin baao`an buhduih dahlour d liaang cih qihche zhahdahn xirji shasii liaang rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Libya shooudu Tripoli kaohjin  baao`an  buhduih dahlour    d liaang cih  qihche zhahdahn xirji  shasii liaang 
Officials say:  Libya capital Tripoli close to security force   buildings 's two    time car    bomb     attack kill   two    

rern.
people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;Al-Qaeda&quot; attack in Yemen city=====

&quot;Al-Qaeda&quot; xirji Yemen chenrgshih
&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;Al-Qaeda&quot; xirji  Yemen chenrgshih
&quot;Al-Qaeda&quot; attack Yemen city
&lt;/pre&gt;

Suspected al-Qaeda militants attack the intelligence HQ in Yemen's southern city of Aden, killing at least 14 people, security officials say.

Baao`an buhmern shuo: Huairyir d al-Qaeda wuuzhuang-fehnzii xirji Yemen narnbuh cherngshih Aden d qirngbaoh zoongbuh, shasii zuihshaao 14 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Baao`an  buhmern    shuo: Huairyir d al-Qaeda wuuzhuang-fehnzii xirji  Yemen narnbuh cherngshih Aden  d qirngbaoh    zoongbuh, 
Security department say:  Suspected  al-Qaeda armed members     attack Yemen south   city       Aden 's intelligence HQ,       

shasii zuihshaao 14 rern.
kill   at least  14 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-18====

=====UK soldier killed in Afghanistan=====

Afghanistan Yingjun beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan Yingjun    beihsha
Afghanistan UK soldier be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

A British soldier has been killed while on sentry duty in Afghanistan.

Afghanistan yi 'ge Yingjun zai zhahgaang shir beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan yi 'ge Yingjun    zai zhahgaang    shir beihsha.
Afghanistan a      UK soldier at  stand sentry time be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan suicide blast kills 5=====

Pakistan zihshashih baohzhah shasii 5 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan zihshashih    baohzhah shasii 5 rern
Pakistan suicide-style blast    kill   5 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

5 Pakistan security personnel are killed in a suicide bombing at a checkpoint in the volatile southwest, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Pakistan bu weendihng d xinarnbuh yi 'ge jiaancharzhahn fasheng zihshashih zhahdahn baohzhah, 5 'ge baao`anyuarn beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Pakistan bu weendihng d xinarnbuh yi 'ge jiaancharzhahn fasheng zihshashih    zhahdahn baohzhah, 5 'ge 
Officials say:  Pakistan volatile       southwest a      checkpoint     happen  suicide-style bomb     blast,    5     

baao`anyuarn       beihsha.
security personnel beihsha.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Peruvian troops killed by rebels=====

Zaohfaanzhee shasii Peru junrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Zaohfaanzhee shasii Peru junrern
Rebels       kill   Peru soldiers
&lt;/pre&gt;

Peruvian officials say Shinning Path rebels have killed 5 soldiers in a jungle area where they now operate in association with drug traffickers.

Peru guanfang shuo: Shinning Path zaohfaanzhee zaih yuu durpiin shangrern liarnher jingyirng d cornglirn dihqu shasii 5 'ge junrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Peru guanfang  shuo: Shinning Path zaohfaanzhee zaih yuu  durpiin shangrern   liarnher jingyirng  d cornglirn dihqu shasii 5 'ge 
Peru officials say:  Shinning Path rebels       at   with drug    traffickers unite    manage    's jungle    area  kill   5     

junrern.
soldiers.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-17====

=====Afghan policeman kills US troops=====

Afghan jiingchar shasii Meeijun
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghan      jiingchar shasii Meeijun
Afghanistan policeman kill   US troops
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two US soldiers are shot dead by a local policeman in Afghanistan, officials for the international Nato-led force in the country say.

Afghanistan Nato liingdaao d guorjih buhduih guanfang shuo: Yi 'ge dangdih jiingchar shehsha'le liaang 'ge Meeijun.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan Nato liingdaao d guorjih       buhduih guanfang  shuo: Yi 'ge dangdih jiingchar shehsha'le liaang 'ge Meeijun.
Afghanistan Nato led         international force   officials say:  A      local   policeman shot dead  two        US soldiers.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====South Africa police kill 34 miners=====

South Africa jiingchar shasii 34 'ge kuahnggong
&lt;pre&gt;
South Africa jiingchar shasii 34 'ge kuahnggong
South Africa police    kill   34     miners
&lt;/pre&gt;

34 people were killed when police opened fire on striking miners in South Africa on Thursday, the country's police chief says.

South Africa jiingzhaang shuo: Xingqisih jiingchar xiahng bahgong kuahnggong kaihuoo, shasii 34 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
South Africa jiingzhaang  shuo: Xingqisih jiingchar xiahng  bahgong   kuahnggong kaihuoo,   shasii 34 rern.
South Africa police chief say:  Thursday  police    to face on strike miners     open fire, kill   34 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Assange granted asylum by Ecuador=====

Ecuador geeiyuu Assange baaohuh
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecuador geeiyuu Assange baaohuh
Ecuador give    Assange protection
&lt;/pre&gt;

The UK says Wikileaks founder Julian Assange will not be given safe passage out of the country from his London refuge, after Ecuador grants him political asylum.

Zaih Ecuador geeiyuu Assange zhehngzhih bihhuh zhihouh, Yingguor shuo buhuih geei Wikileaks chuahngbahnrern Julian Assange anquarn tongdaoh corng ta d London bihnahnsuoo lirkai Yingguor.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zaih Ecuador geeiyuu Assange zhehngzhih bihhuh  zhihouh, Yingguor shuo buhuih   geei Wikileaks chuahngbahnrern Julian Assange 
At   Ecuador give    Assange political  asylum -after,   UK       say  will not give Wikileaks founder         Julian Assange 

anquarn tongdaoh corng ta d London bihnahnsuoo lirkai Yingguor.
safe    passage  from  his  London refuge      leave  UK.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Many dead in fresh Iraq violence=====

Iraq xin d xirji, duo rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq xin d xirji,  duo  rern   siiwarng
Iraq new   attack, many people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 53 people are killed and scores are injured in a wave of attaks in Iraqi cities, including in the capital, Baghdad.

Iraq yixie cherngshih (baohkuoh shooudu Baghdad) d yixihlieh xirji, zuihshaao 53 rern beihsha her jii-shir 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq yixie cherngshih (baohkuoh shooudu Baghdad)  d yixihlieh   xirji,   zuihshaao 53 rern   beihsha   her jii-shir 'ge shouhshang.
Iraq some  cities     (include  capital Baghdad) 's a series of attacks, at least  53 people be killed and several tens be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-16====

=====Afghan helicopter crash kill 11=====

Afghanistan zhirshengji zhuihhuii, 11 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zhirshengji zhuihhuii, 11 rern   siiwarng
Afghanistan helicopter  crash,     11 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

11 people - including 7 US troops - are killed in a helicopter crash in southern Afghanistan, according to Nato-led forces.

Genjuh Nato liingdaao d buhduih baohdaao: Afghanistan narnbuh yi jiah zhirshengji zhuihhuii, 11 rern (baohkuoh 7 'ge Meeijun) beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Genjuh       Nato liingdaao d buhduih baohdaao: Afghanistan narnbuh yi jiah zhirshengji zhuihhuii, 11 rern   (baohkuoh 7 'ge 
According to Nato led         forces  report:   Afghanistan south   a       helicopter  crash,     11 people (include  7     

Meeijun)    beihsha.
US soldiers be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Iraq bombings &quot;kill 10&quot; in Diyala province=====

Iraq sheengfehn Diyala zhahdahn baohzhah &quot;10 rern siiwarng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq sheengfehn Diyala zhahdahn baohzhah   &quot;10 rern   siiwarng&quot;
Iraq province   Diyala bomb     explosions &quot;10 people die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

3 bomb blasts in towns north of the Iraqi capital Baghdad have left a least 10 people dead, officials say.

Guanfang shuo: Iraq shooudu Baghdad beeibuh yixie shihzhehn d 3 cih zhahdahn baohzhah, zaohcherng zuihshaao 10 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guanfang  shuo: Iraq shooudu Baghdad beeibuh yixie shihzhehn d 3 cih zhahdahn baohzhah, zaohcherng zuihshaao 10 rern   siiwarng.
Officials say:  Iraq capital Baghdad north   some  towns    's 3     bomb     blasts,   to cause   at least  10 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-15====

=====Japan arrests activists on disputed islands=====

Rihbeen daihbuu yoou zhengyih daaoyuu 'shang d jijirfehnzii
&lt;pre&gt;
Rihbeen daihbuu yoou zhengyih daaoyuu 'shang  d jijirfehnzii
Japan   arrest  disputed      islands -on    's activists
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japanese police have arrested 14 activists who landed on disputed islands, reports say.

Juh baohdaao, Rihbeen jiingchar daihbuu'le 14 'ge dengluh'le yoou zhengyih daaoyuu 'shang d jijirfehnzii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Juh baohdaao,         Rihbeen jiingchar daihbuu'le 14 'ge dengluh'le yoou zhengyih daaoyuu 'shang d jijirfehnzii.
According to reports, Japan   police    arrested   14     landed     disputed      islands -on   's activists.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Dozens killed in Afghan blasts=====

Afghanistan baohzhah, jii-shir rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan baohzhah, jii-shir     rern   siiwarng
Afghanistan blasts,   several tens people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

48 people have been killed and more than 130 others wounded in a series of bombings in the south-west and north of Afghanistan.

Afghanistan xinarnbuh her beeibuh d yixihlieh zhahdahn baohzhah, 48 rern beihsha her lihngwaih chaoguoh 130 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan xinarnbuh  her beeibuh d yixihlieh   zhahdahn baohzhah, 48 rern   beihsha   her lihngwaih   chaoguoh 130 rern   
Afghanistan south-west and north  's a series of bomb     blasts,   48 people be killed and in addition exceed   130 people 

shouhshang.
be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Midlife exercise &quot;protects heart&quot;=====

Zhōngnián yùndong &quot;bǎohù xīnzàng&quot;

Zhongniarn yuhndohng &quot;baaohuh xinzahng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngnián  yùndong   &quot;bǎohù   xīnzàng&quot;
Zhongniarn yuhndohng &quot;baaohuh xinzahng&quot;
Midlife    exercise  &quot;protect heart&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ensuring you get enough exercise in midlife will help protect your heart, study findings suggest.

Yánjiū jiéguǒ xiǎnshì: Quèbǎo zhōngnián zúgòu yùndòng huì bāngzhù bǎohù xīnzàng.

Yarnjiu jierguoo xiaanshih: Quehbaao zhongniarn zurgouh yuhndohng huih bangzhuh baaohuh xinzahng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū  jiéguǒ   xiǎnshì:   Quèbǎo   zhōngnián  zúgòu   yùndòng   huì  bāngzhù  bǎohù   xīnzàng.
Yarnjiu jierguoo xiaanshih: Quehbaao zhongniarn zurgouh yuhndohng huih bangzhuh baaohuh xinzahng.
Study   result   show:      Ensure   midlife    enough  exercise  will help     protect heart.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-14====

=====Eurozone economy shrinks by 0.2%=====

Euro-qū jīngjì shōusuō 0.2%
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro-qū  jīngjì  shōusuō 0.2%
Eurozone economy shrink  0.2%
&lt;/pre&gt;

The economy of the Eurozone contracted by 0.2% in the second quarter of the year, officials figures show, as the difficult period for the area continues.

Guānfāng shùzì xiǎnshì: Euro-qū d kùnnán shíqī jìxù, dì-2 jìdù jīngjì shōusuō 0.2%.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shùzì  xiǎnshì: Euro-qū d  kùnnán    shíqī  jìxù,     dì-2   jìdù               jīngjì  shōusuō  0.2%.
Officials figure show:    Eurozone's difficult period continue, second period of the year economy contract 0.2%.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-13====

=====London hands over to Rio de Janeiro=====

London yíjiāo gěi Rio de Janeiro
&lt;pre&gt;
London yíjiāo    gěi Rio de Janeiro
London hand over to  Rio de Janeiro
&lt;/pre&gt;

The curtain closes on the London Olympics with a spectacular musical ceremony and the official handover to the next host city, Rio de Janeiro.

London Àoyùn zài zhuàngguān d yīnyuè diǎnlǐ zhōng bìmù, zhèngshì yíjiāo gěi xià yī ge zhǔbàn chéngshì Rio de Janeiro.
&lt;pre&gt;
London Àoyùn    zài zhuàngguān d yīnyuè  diǎnlǐ    zhōng  bìmù,  zhèngshì   yíjiāo   gěi xià  yī ge zhǔbàn chéngshì Rio de Janeiro.
London Olympics at  spectacular  musical ceremony -within close, officially transfer to  next one   host   city     Rio de Janeiro.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-12====

=====China export growth slows sharply=====

Zhōngguó chūkǒu zēngzhǎng dàfúdù fànghuǎn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó chūkǒu zēngzhǎng dàfúdù  fànghuǎn
China    export growth    sharply slow down
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's export and import growth slowed sharply in July, raising fears about the strength of the world's second-largest economy.

Zhōngguó Qīyuèfèn jìnchūkǒu zēngzhǎng dàfúdù fànghuǎn, yǐnqǐ duì zhège shìjiè dì-2 zuìdà jīngjì tǐxì d shílì d yōulǜ.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó Qīyuèfèn jìnchūkǒu         zēngzhǎng dàfúdù  fànghuǎn,  yǐnqǐ    duì   zhège shìjiè dì-2   zuìdà   jīngjì  tǐxì    d 
China    July     imports &amp; exports growth    sharply slow down, to cuase about this  world  second largest economy system 's 

shílì     d yōulǜ.
strength 's worry.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-11====

=====Double gun attacks in Afghanistan=====

Afghanistan d liǎng cì qiángjī
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan d liǎng cì qiángjī
Afghanistan's two      gun attacks
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two separate gun attaks on Nato-led troops in Afghanistan on Friday left a total of 6 soldiers dead, the coalition officials say.

Liánhé buìduì xuànbù: Afghanistan Xīngqīwǔ liǎng cì fēnbié d qiāngjī shìjiàn zàochéng zǒnggòng 6 ge Nato shìbīng sǐwáng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Liánhé    buìduì xuànbù:   Afghanistan Xīngqīwǔ liǎng cì fēnbié d qiāngjī  shìjiàn  zàochéng zǒnggòng 6 ge Nato shìbīng sǐwáng.
Coalition troops announce: Afghanistan Friday   two      separate shooting incident to cause total    6    Nato soldier die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-10====

=====US troops killed in Afghanistan=====

Afghanistan Měijūn bèishā
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan Měijūn      bèishā
Afghanistan US soldiers be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

3 US soldiers are killed by a gunman wearing uniform in the province of Helmand, Nato says, the second incident in a week.

Nato shuō: Helmand Shěng yī ge chuān zhìfú d qiāngshǒu shāsǐ 3 ge Měijūn, zhè shì yī xīngqī nèi d dì-2 cì shìjiàn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato shuō: Helmand Shěng    yī ge chuān   zhìfú    d qiāngshǒu shāsǐ 3 ge Měijūn,      zhè  shì yī xīngqī nèi     d dì-2 cì    
Nato say:  Helmand Province a     wearing uniform 's gunman    kill  3    US soldiers, this is  a  week   inside 's the second 

tónglèi   shìjiàn.
same kind incident.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-09====

=====Nigeria Okene city gunmen target soldiers=====

Nigeria chéngshì Okene qiángshǒu shèshā shìbīng
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria chéngshì Okene qiángshǒu shèshā           shìbīng
Nigeria city     Okene gunmen    kill by shooting soldiers
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two soldiers have been killed in an attack near a mosque in Okene in Nigeria - a day after gunmen shot dead at least 19 worshippers in a church.

zài qiāngshǒu shèshā zuìshǎo 19 ge jiàotáng lǐ d chóngbàizhě zhīhòu yī rì, liǎng ge shìbīng zài Nigeria Okene yī jiān qīngzhēnsì fùjìn d yī cì xíjī bèishā.
&lt;pre&gt;
zài qiāngshǒu shèshā           zuìshǎo  19 ge jiàotáng lǐ      d chóngbàizhě  zhīhòu yī rì,  liǎng ge shìbīng  zài Nigeria Okene 
At  gunmen    kill by shooting at least 19    church   inside 's worshippers  -after a  day, two      soldiers at  Nigeria Okene 

yī jiān qīngzhēnsì fùjìn     d yī cì xíjī   bèishā.
a       mosque     vicinity 's an    attack be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====11 killed by Iraq car bomb=====

Iraq qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ 11 rén
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ 11 rén
Iraq car   bomb   kill  11 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Iraqi officials say 11 people have been killed in a car bomb targeting Shi'ah Muslims near the central town of Suwayrah.

Iraq guānfāng shuō: Zhōngbù shìzhèn Suwayrah fùjìn, yī ge zhēnduì Shi'ah Muslim d qìchē zhàdàn zhàsǐ 11 rén.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq guānfāng  shuō: Zhōngbù         shìzhèn Suwayrah fùjìn,    yī ge zhēnduì     Shi'ah Muslim  d qìchē zhàdàn zhàsǐ             
Iraq officials say:  Central section town    Suwayrah vicinity, a     be aimed at Shi'ah Muslim 's car   bomb   kill by explosion 

11 rén.
11 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-07====

=====Nigeria church attack &quot;kills 19&quot;=====

Nigeria jiàotáng xíjī &quot;shāsǐ 19&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria jiàotáng xíjī   &quot;shāsǐ 19&quot;
Nigeria church   attack &quot;kill  19&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 19 people are killed in a gun attack as worshipers pray in a church in central Nigeria, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: Nigeria zhōngbù yī jiān jiàotáng d chóngbàizhě zài qídǎo shí bèi qiāngjī, zuìshǎo 19 rén bèishā.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Nigeria zhōngbù         yī jiān jiàotáng d chóngbàizhě zài qídǎo shí  bèi qiāngjī,    zuìshǎo  19 rén    bèishā.
Officials say:  Nigeria central section a       church's   worshipers  at  pray  time be shot by gun, at least 19 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-05====

=====Nigeria suicide bombing kills soldiers in north-east=====

Nigeria dōngběibù zìshāshì bàozhà shāsǐ shìbīng
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria dōngběibù zìshāshì bàozhà  shāsǐ shìbīng
Nigeria northeast suicide  bombing kill  soldiers
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bombing in the Nigerian city of Damaturu has killed at least 6 soldiers and a civilian, reports say.

Jù bàodǎo: Nigeria chéngshì Damaturu yī cì zìshāshì bàozhà, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 6 ge jūnrén hé yī ge píngmín.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jù bàodǎo:            Nigeria chéngshì Damaturu yī cì zìshāshì bàozhà,  shāsǐ zuìshǎo  6 ge jūnrén  hé  yī ge píngmín.
According to reports: Nigeria city     Damaturu a     suicide  bombing, kill  at least 6    soldier and a     civilian.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Turkey fighting &quot;claims 19 lives&quot;=====

Turkey zhàndòu &quot;19 sǐwáng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Turkey zhàndòu  &quot;19 sǐwáng&quot;
Turkey fighting &quot;19 die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 19 people have been killed in southeast Turkey after Kurdish rebels attacked on a Turkish border post, According to local media.

Gēnjù dāngdì méitǐ bàodǎo: Turkey dōngnánbù Kurd pànjūn xíjī yī ge Turkey biānfángzhàn, zuìshǎo 19 rén bèishā.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù        dāngdì méitǐ bàodǎo: Turkey dōngnánbù Kurd pànjūn xíjī   yī ge Turkey biānfángzhàn, zuìshǎo  19 rén    bèishā.
According to local  media report: Turkey southeast Kurd rebel  attack a     Turkey border post,  at least 19 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Yemen suicide bomber &quot;kills 45&quot;=====

Yemen zìshāshì zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ 45&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Yemen zìshāshì      zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ 45&quot;
Yemen suicide-style bomb   &quot;kill 45&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suspected suicide bomber kills at least 45 people in an attack on a funeral in the southern Yemeni province of Abyan.

Yī ge huáiyí zìshāshì zhàdàn xíjī Yemen nánbù shěngfèn Abyan d yī ge zànglǐ, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 45 rén.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yī ge huáiyí    zìshāshì      zhàdàn xíjī   Yemen nánbù shěngfèn Abyan  d yī ge zànglǐ,  shāsǐ zuìshǎo  45 rén.
A     suspected suicide-style bomb   attack Yemen south province Abyan 's a     funeral, kill  at least 45 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-04====

=====Nigeria gunmen storm oil ship - 2 dead, 4 kidnapped=====

Nigeria qiāngshǒu xíjī shíyóuchuán - 2 sǐ, 4 bèi jiéchí
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria qiāngshǒu xíjī   shíyóuchuán - 2 sǐ,  4 bèi jiéchí
Nigeria gunmen    attack oil ship    - 2 die, 4 be kidnapped
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen in Nigeria have stormed an oil barge off the coast, killing 2 navy sailors and kidnapping 4 foreingers, a naval officer says.

Nigeria qiāngshǒu xíjī zài hǎimiàn shang d yī sōu shíyóu bóchuán, shāsǐ 2 ge hǎijūn chuányuán hé jiéchí 4 ge wàiguórén, hǎijūn jūnguān shuō.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria qiāngshǒu xíjī   zài hǎimiàn shang d yī sōu shíyóu bóchuán, shāsǐ 2 ge hǎijūn chuányuán hé  jiéchí 4 ge wàiguórén, 
Nigeria gunmen    attack off the coast       a      oil    barge,   kill  2    navy   sailor    and kidnap 4    foreigner, 

hǎijūn jūnguān shuō.
naval officer  say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Saudi soldier &quot;killed by gunmen&quot;=====

Saudi Arabia shìbīng &quot;bèi qiāngshǒu shāsǐ&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Saudi Arabia shìbīng &quot;bèi qiāngshǒu shāsǐ&quot;
Saudi Arabia soldier &quot;by  gunmen    kill&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A soldier is shot dead and another injured during a clash with protesters in eastern Saudi Arabia, with reports of a protester be killed too.

Gēnjù bàodǎo: Zài Saudi Arabia dōngbù yǔ kàngyìzhě chōngtū qījiān, yī ge shìbīng bèi shèshā hé lìngyī ge shòushāng, yě yǒu yī ge kàngyìzhě bèishā.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù bàodǎo:         Zài Saudi Arabia dōngbù yǔ   kàngyìzhě chōngtū qījiān, yī ge shìbīng bèi shèshā            hé  
According to reports: At  Saudi Arabia east   with protester clash   period, a     soldier be killed by shooting and 

lìngyī ge shòushāng,  yě   yǒu  yī ge kàngyìzhě bèishā.
another   be injured, also have a     protester be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-03====

=====Deadly attacks across Iraq leave 12 dead=====

Biànbù Iraq d zhìmìng xíjī zàochéng 12 rén sǐwáng
&lt;pre&gt;
Biànbù              Iraq  d zhìmìng xíjī    zàochéng 12 rén    sǐwáng
Be found everywhere Iraq 's deadly  attacks to cause 12 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 12 people have be killed in a series of attacks across Iraq.

Biànbù Iraq d yīxìliè xíjī dǎozhì zuìshǎo 12 ge rén bèishā.
&lt;pre&gt;
Biànbù             Iraq  d yīxìliè     xíjī    dǎozhì  zuìshǎo  12 ge rén    bèishā.
Be spread all over Iraq 's a series of attacks lead to at least 12    people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-02====

=====Coptic-Muslim clashes in Egypt=====

Egypt Jīdūtú hé Muslim chōngtū
&lt;pre&gt;
Egypt Jīdūtú    hé  Muslim chōngtū
Egypt Christian and Muslim clash
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 16 people die in Egypt after Muslims attack a Christian church and homes near Cairo, in the latest outbreak of sectarian violence.

Egypt Cairo fùjìn zuìxīn bàofā d zōngpài bàolì, Muslim xíjī Jīdūtú d yī jiān jiàotáng hé zhùzhái, zuìshǎo 16 rén sǐwáng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Egypt Cairo fùjìn    zuìxīn bàofā     d zōngpài   bàolì,    Muslim xíjī   Jīdūtú d    yī jiān jiàotáng hé  zhùzhái, zuìshǎo  
Egypt Cairo vicinity latest outbreak 's sectarian violence, Muslim attack Christian's a       church   and homes,   at least 

16 rén    sǐwáng.
16 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-08-01====

=====Manufacturing in worldwide slump=====

Quánqiú zhìzàoyè bàodiē
&lt;pre&gt;
Quánqiú   zhìzàoyè      bàodiē
Worldwide manufacturing slump
&lt;/pre&gt;

Manufacturing in most of the world is in a slump, a raft for reports from the US, UK, the Eurozone and China suggest.

Cóng Měiguó, Yīngguó, Euro-qū hé Zhōngguó d dàliàng bàodǎo xiǎnshì: Quánqiú dàbùfen zhìzàoyè bàodiē.
&lt;pre&gt;
Cóng Měiguó, Yīngguó, Euro-qū  hé  Zhōngguó d dàliàng        bàodǎo  xiǎnshì: Quánqiú   dàbùfen zhìzàoyè      bàodiē.
From US,     UK,      Eurozone and China   's large quantity reports show:    Worldwide most    manufacturing slump.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====India sees growth slowing to 6.5%=====

India yùcè zēngzhǎng fànghuǎn zhì 6.5%
&lt;pre&gt;
India yùcè    zēngzhǎng fànghuǎn  zhì 6.5%
India predict growth    slow down to  6.5%
&lt;/pre&gt;

India's central bank cuts its economic growth forecast for the country, which is one of the world's fastest-growing.

India zhōngyāng yínháng jiàngdī shìjiè zēngzhǎng zuì kuài guójiā zhīyī d India d jīngjì zēngzhǎng yùcè.
&lt;pre&gt;
India zhōngyāng yínháng jiàngdī  shìjiè zēngzhǎng zuì  kuài guójiā   zhīyī   d India  d jīngjì   zēngzhǎng yùcè.
India central   bank    cut down world  growing   most fast country -one of 's India 's economic growth    forecast.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-31====

=====Iraq car bombings kill 19 in central Baghdad=====

Iraq Baghdad zhōngbù qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ 19 rén
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq Baghdad zhōngbù         qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ 19 rén
Iraq Baghdad central section car   bomb   kill  19 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 19 people have been killed in two car bomb explosions in the Iraqi capital, Baghdad, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: Iraq shǒudū Baghdad liǎng cì qìchē zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo 19 rén bèishā.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad liǎng cì qìchē zhàdàn bàozhà,    zuìshǎo  19 rén    bèishā.
Officials say:  Iraq capital Baghdad two      car   bomb   explosion, at least 19 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-30====

=====Mali unwed couple stoned to deadth by Islamists=====

Mali wèihūn pèi'ǒu bèi Islam-zhǔyìzhě yòng shítou rēngsǐ
&lt;pre&gt;
Mali wèihūn pèi'ǒu bèi Islam-zhǔyìzhě yòng shítou rēngsǐ
Mali unwed  couple by Islamists       use  stone  throw to death
&lt;/pre&gt;

A couple who had sex outside marriage has been stoned to death at the weekend by Islamists in the town of Aguelhok in northern Mali, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: Mali běibù shìzhèn Aguelhok yī duì yǒu hūnqián xìngxíngwéi d pèi'ǒu, zài zhège zhōumò bèi Islam-zhǔyìzhě yòng shítou rēngsǐ.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Mali běibù shìzhèn Aguelhok yī duì  yǒu  hūnqián         xìngxíngwéi d   pèi'ǒu, zài zhège zhōumò  bèi 
Officials say:  Mali north town    Aguelhok a  pair have before marriage sexual behavior couple, at  this  weekend by  

Islam-zhǔyìzhě yòng shítou rēngsǐ.
Islamists      use  stone  throw to death.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====North Korea dismisses South's talk of reform=====

Cháoxiān fǒudìng Hánguó guānyú gǎigé d tánlùn
&lt;pre&gt;
Cháoxiān    fǒudìng Hánguó      guānyú gǎigé   d tánlùn
North Korea negate  South Korea about  reform 's talk
&lt;/pre&gt;

North Korea has strongly denied reports from South Korea that it is planning policy changes that will lead to the reform and opening of the country.

Cháoxiān qiángliè fǒurèn Hánguó bàodǎo guānyú Cháoxiān jìhuà gǎigé-kāifàng d zhèngcè gǎibiàn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Cháoxiān    qiángliè fǒurèn Hánguó      bàodǎo guānyú Cháoxiān    jìhuà   gǎigé-kāifàng    d zhèngcè gǎibiàn.
North Korea strongly deny   South Korea report about  North Korea to plan reform and open 's policy  change.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-29====

=====Polish hikers killed by lightning in Pieniny mountains=====

Poland yuǎnzúzhě zài Pieniny shānmài bèi shǎndiàn shāsǐ
&lt;pre&gt;
Poland yuǎnzúzhě zài Pieniny shānmài   bèi shǎndiàn  shāsǐ
Poland hikers    at  Pieniny mountains by  lightning kill
&lt;/pre&gt;

4 people hiking in mountains in southern Poland were killed by lightning, Polish media report.

Poland méitǐ bàodǎo: 4 ge zài Poland nánbù shānmài yuǎnzú d rén bèi léidiàn shāsǐ.
&lt;pre&gt;
Poland méitǐ bàodǎo: 4 ge zài Poland nánbù shānmài   yuǎnzú  d rén    bèi léidiàn   shāsǐ.
Poland media report: 4    at  Poland south mountains hiking 's people by  lightning kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-28====

=====China's Yi wins first Games gold=====

Zhōngguó d Yì Sīlíng yíngdé dì-1 ge Àoyùn jīnpái
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d Yì Sīlíng yíngdé dì-1 ge Àoyùn         jīnpái
China's    Yi Siling win    first   Olympic Games gold medal
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's Yi Siling wins the first gold medal of London 2012 in the women's 10m air rifle at the Royal Artillery Barracks.

Zhōngguó d Yì Sīlíng zài Huángshì Shèjī Yíngfáng yíngdé dì-1 ge London 2012 nǚzǐ 10m qìqiāng jīnpái.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d Yì Sīlíng zài Huángshì Shèjī    Yíngfáng yíngdé dì-1 ge London 2012 nǚzǐ  10m qìqiāng   jīnpái.
China's    Yi Siling at  Royal    Shooting Barracks win    first   London 2012 women 10m air rifle gold medal.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China waste water pineline scrapped after protest=====

Kàngyì zhīhòu, Zhōngguó wūshuǐ guǎndào qǔxiāo
&lt;pre&gt;
Kàngyì  zhīhòu, Zhōngguó wūshuǐ      guǎndào  qǔxiāo
Protest -after, China    waste water pipeline cancel
&lt;/pre&gt;

Authorities in China say a project to build a waste water pipeline in the city of Qidong has been scrapped after a protest over pollution.

Zài kàngyì wūrǎn zhīhòu, Zhōngguó guānfāng xuānbù qǔxiāo Qǐdōng chéngshì yī tiáo wūshuǐ guǎndào d jiànzhù gōngchéng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài kàngyì  wūrǎn     zhīhòu, Zhōngguó guānfāng  xuānbù   qǔxiāo Qǐdōng chéngshì yī tiáo wūshuǐ      guǎndào   d jiànzhù 
At  protest pollution -after, China    officials announce cancel Qidong city     a       waste water pipeline 's build   

gōngchéng.
project.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Japanese women fall behind Hong Kong in longevity=====

Rìběn nǚrén shòumìng luòhòu Xiānggǎng
&lt;pre&gt;
Rìběn nǚrén shòumìng  luòhòu      Xiānggǎng
Japan women longevity fall behind Hong Kong
&lt;/pre&gt;

Japanese women have fallen behind Hong Kong in global life expectancy rankings for the first time in 25 years.

Rìběn nǚrén d quánqiú píngjūn shòumìng páimíng, 25 nián yǐlái shǒucì luòhòu Xiānggǎng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Rìběn nǚrén  d quánqiú píngjūn shòumìng páimíng, 25 nián yǐlái  shǒucì     luòhòu      Xiānggǎng.
Japan women 's global  average life     ranking, 25 year -since first time fall behind Hong Kong.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====US economic growth slows in second quarter=====

Měiguó dì-2 jìdù jīngjì zēngzhǎng fànghuǎn
&lt;pre&gt;
Měiguó dì-2   jìdù            jīngjì  zēngzhǎng fànghuǎn
US     second quarter of year economy growth    slow down
&lt;/pre&gt;

Growth in the US economy slows to 1.5% in the second quarter, as consumer spending eased.

Yóuyú xiāofèi jiǎnshǎo, Měiguó dì-2 jìdù jīngjì zēngzhǎng xiàjiàng dào 1.5%.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú   xiāofèi           jiǎnshǎo, Měiguó dì-2   jìdù            jīngjì  zēngzhǎng xiàjiàng dào 1.5%.
Because consumer spending decrease, US     second quarter of year economy growth    drop     to  1.5%.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Athletes light up Olympic Games=====

Yuhndohngyuarn'men rarndiaan Aohyuhn shehnghuoo
&lt;pre&gt;
Yuhndohngyuarn'men rarndiaan Aohyuhn       shehnghuoo
Athletes           light up  Olympic Games holy flame
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Queen declares the London Olympics open following a spectacular ceremony, before a group of 7 young athletes light the ceremonial flame.

Suir'zhe zhuahngguan d yirshih, zaih 7 'ge niarnqing yuhndohngyuarn diaanrarn shehnghuoo zhiqiarn, Yingnvvhuarng xuanbuh London Aohyuhn kaishii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Suir'zhe  zhuahngguan d yirshih,  zaih 7 'ge niarnqing yuhndohngyuarn diaanrarn shehnghuoo zhiqiarn, Yingnvvhuarng xuanbuh 
Following magnificent   ceremony, at   7     young     athlete        light     holy flame -before,  the Queen     declare 

London Aohyuhn  kaishii.
London Olympics start.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-26====

=====Bomb &quot;kills seven&quot; in Pakistan=====

Pakistan zhahdahn &quot;shasii 7 rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan zhahdahn &quot;shasii 7 rern&quot;
Pakistan bomb     &quot;kill   7 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb kills at least 7 people in the north-western Pakistani tribal region of Bajaur, reports say.

Pakistan xibeeibuh buhluoh dihqu Bajaur, yi 'ge zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 7 rern, baohdaao shuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan xibeeibuh     buhluoh dihqu  Bajaur, yi 'ge zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 7 rern,   baohdaao shuo.
Pakistan the northwest tribe   region Bajaur, a      bomb     kill   at least  7 people, reports  say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-25====

=====North Korea leader Kim Jong-un married to Ri Sol-ju=====

Chaorxian liingdaaorern Kim Jong-un yiijing yuu Ri Sol-ju jierhun
&lt;pre&gt;
Chaorxian   liingdaaorern Kim Jong-un yiijing yuu  Ri Sol-ju jierhun
North Korea leader        Kim Jong-un already with Ri Sol-ju marry
&lt;/pre&gt;

North Korean state media have confirmed for the first time that the country's leader Kim Jong-un is married.

Chaorxian guorjia meirtii shooucih zhehngshir guorjia liingdaaorern Kim Jong-un yiijing jierhun.
&lt;pre&gt;
Chaorxian   guorjia meirtii shooucih   zhehngshir guorjia liingdaaorern Kim Jong-un yiijing jierhun.
North Korea state   media   first time confirm    country leader        Kim Jong-un already marry.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Recession in UK economy deepens=====

Yingguor jingjih shuaituih jiashen
&lt;pre&gt;
Yingguor jingjih shuaituih jiashen
UK       economy recession deepen
&lt;/pre&gt;

The UK recession has deepened, latest official figures shown, after the output of the economy fell by 0.7% between April and June.

Zaih Sihyueh her Liuhyueh zhijian d jingjih chaanliahng xiahjiahng 0.7% zhihouh, zuihxin d guanfang shuhzih xiaanshih Yingguor shuaituih jiashen.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zaih Sihyueh her Liuhyueh zhijian  d  jingjih chaanliahng xiahjiahng 0.7% zhihouh, zuihxin d guanfang shuhzih xiaanshih Yingguor 
At   April   and June     -between 's economy output      fall       0.7% -after,  latest    official figure  show      UK       

shuaituih jiashen.
recession deepen.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;Many dead&quot; in Tajikistan clashes=====

Tajikistan chongtu, duo rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Tajikistan chongtu, duo  rern   siiwarng
Tajikistan clash,   many people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 42 people including 12 soldiers and 30 rebels are killed in fighting in the Tajik region of Gorno-Badakhshan, state television reports.

Tajikistan guorjia diahnshih baohdaao: Zaih Gorno-Badakhshan d Tajikistan-rern dihqu d zhahndouh, zuihshaao 42 rern baokuoh 12 'ge shihbing her 30 'ge pahnjun beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Tajikistan guorjia diahnshih  baohdaao: Zaih Gorno-Badakhshan d  Tajikistan-rern   dihqu  d  zhahndouh, zuihshaao 42 rern   
Tajikistan state   television report:   At   Gorno-Badakshshan's Tajikistan-people region 's fighting,  at least  42 people 

baokuoh   12 'ge shihbing her 30 'ge pahnjun beihsha.
including 12     soldier  and 30     rebel   be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-24====

=====Afghan police defect to Taliban=====

Afghanistan jiingchar tourkaoh Taliban
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan jiingchar tourkaoh  Taliban
Afghanistan police    defect to Taliban
&lt;/pre&gt;

An Afghan police commander and 13 officers join the Taliban in western Afghanistan, in what is thought be the biggest defection yet by the country's police.

Afghanistan xibuh yi 'ge Afghanistan jiingzhaang her 13 'ge jiingguan jiaruh Taliban, xiangxihn shih zheh'ge guorjia zuih dah d jiingchar beihpahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan xibuh yi 'ge Afghanistan jiingzhaang  her 13 'ge jiingguan      jiaruh Taliban, xiangxihn    shih zheh'ge guorjia 
Afghanistan west  a      Afghanistan police chief and 13     police officer join   Taliban, believe that is   this    country 

zuih dah d jiingchar beihpahn.
most big   police    defection.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-23====

=====Iraq attacks in Baghdad and north &quot;kill 107&quot;=====

Iraq Baghdad hé běibù d xíjī &quot;shāsǐ 107 rén&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq Baghdad hé  běibù d  xíjī    &quot;shāsǐ 107 rén&quot;
Iraq Baghdad and north 's attacks &quot;kill  107 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A wave of bomb attacks and shootings in Baghdad and north of the capital has killed at least 107 people, say security and medical officials.

Baghdad hé zhège shǒudū běibù d yīxìliè zhàdàn xíjī hé qiāngjī shāsǐle zuìshǎo 107 rén, bǎo'ān hé yīliáo d bùmén shuō.
&lt;pre&gt;
Baghdad hé  zhège shǒudū  běibù d  yīxìliè     zhàdàn xíjī    hé  qiāngjī   shāsǐle zuìshǎo  107 rén,    bǎo'ān   hé  
Baghdad and this  capital north 's a series of bomb   attacks and shootings killed  at least 107 people, security and 

yīliáo            d  bùmén      shuō.
medical treatment 's department say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan policeman kills 3 foreign staffs=====

Afghanstan jǐngchá shāsǐ 3 ge wàiguó zhíyuán
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan jǐngchá   shāsǐ 3 ge wàiguó  zhíyuán
Afghanistan policeman kill  3    foreign staff
&lt;/pre&gt;

An Afghanistan policeman has shot dead 3 foreign staffs at a training center in western Herat province, Afghan officials say.

Yīge Afghanistan jǐngchá qiāngshāle xībù shěngfèn Herat yīge xùnliàn zhōngxīn d 3 ge wàiguó zhíyuán, Afghanistan guānfāng shuō.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīge Afghanistan jǐngchá qiāngshāle xībù shěngfèn Herat yīge xùnliàn  zhōngxīn d  3 ge wàiguó  zhíyuán, Afghanistan guānfāng  shuō.
A    Afghanistan police  shot dead  west province Herat a    training center   's 3    foreign staff,   Afghanistan officials say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-22====

=====London is prepared, says Boris=====

London yǐjīng zhǔnbèi hǎo, Boris shuō
&lt;pre&gt;
London yǐjīng  zhǔnbèi hǎo,  Boris shuō
London already prepare well, Boris say
&lt;/pre&gt;

London is well-prepared as any Olympic city in history has been host the Games, the capital's mayor, Boris Johnson, says.

London yǐjīng hǎoxiàng lìshǐshang rènhé jǔbàn Àoyùn d chéngshì yīyàng zhǔnbèi hǎo, shǒudū shìzhǎng Boris Johnson say.
&lt;pre&gt;
London yǐjīng  hǎoxiàng lìshǐshang rènhé jǔbàn Àoyùn d  chéngshì yīyàng   zhǔnbèi hǎo,  shǒudū  shìzhǎng Boris Johnson shuō.
London already seem     in history any   host  Olympics city     the same prepare well, capital mayor    Boris Johnson say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-21====

=====Pakistan explosion &quot;kills nine&quot;=====

Pakistan bàozhà &quot;shāsǐ 9 rén&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan bàozhà    &quot;shāsǐ 9 rén&quot;
Pakistan explosion &quot;kill  9 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide attacker detonates a device at the entrance to an anti-Taliban commander's compound, killing at least 9 people, officials say.

Yīge zìshāshì xíjīzhě zài yī jiān fǎn-Taliban sīlìng dàlóu yǐnbào yīge zhàdàn, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 9 rén, guānfāng shuō.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīge zìshāshì xíjīzhě  zài yī jiān fǎn-Taliban  sīlìng    dàlóu    yǐnbào   yīge zhàdàn, shāsǐ zuìshǎo  9 rén,    guānfāng  shuō.
A    suicide  attacker at  a       anti-Taliban commander compound detonate a    bomb,   kill  at least 9 people, officials say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Colombian &quot;Farc rebels&quot; blow up bridge in San Vicente=====

Colombia &quot;Farc zàofǎnzhě&quot; zhàhuǐ San Vicente d qiáoliáng
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia &quot;Farc zàofǎnzhě&quot; zhàhuǐ  San Vicente d qiáoliáng
Colombia &quot;Farc rebel&quot;     blow up San Vicente's bridge
&lt;/pre&gt;

Officials say members of Colombia's largest rebel group, the Farc, have blown up a bridge in San Vicente del Carguan, in Caqueta province.

Guānfāng shuō: Colombia zuìdà zàofǎn zǔzhī Farc d chéngyuán, zhàhuǐle Caqueta shěng San Vicente del Carguan d yī tiáo qiáoliáng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Colombia zuìdà   zàofǎn zǔzhī        Farc d chéngyuán, zhàhuǐle Caqueta shěng    San Vicente del Carguan d yī tiáo 
Officials say:  Colombia largest rebel  organization Farc's member,    blew up  Caqueta province San Vicente del Carguan's a       

qiáoliáng.
bridge.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-20====

=====US gunman kills 12 at Batman film=====

Měiguó qiāngshǒu zài Batman diànyǐng shāsǐ 12 rén
&lt;pre&gt;
Měiguó qiāngshǒu zài Batman diànyǐng shāsǐ 12 rén
US     gunman    at  Batman movie    kill  12 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 12 are killed and dozens injured in a shooting at a screening of the latest Batman film near Denver, Cororado.

Cororado Denver fùjìn yī jiān diànyǐngyuàn zài fàngyìng zuìxīn d Batman diànyǐng d shíhòu fāshēng qiāngjī shìjiàn, zuìshǎo 12 rén bèishā hé jǐshí rén shòushāng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Cororado Denver fùjìn    yī jiān diànyǐngyuàn zài fàngyìng  zuìxīn'd Batman diànyǐng 'd shíhòu           fāshēng qiāngjī  
Cororado Denver vicinity a       cinema       at  screening latest   Batman movie    's duration of time happen  shooting 

shìjiàn,  zuìshǎo  12 rén    bèishā    hé  jǐshí        rén    shòushāng.
incident, at least 12 people be killed and several tens people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Mobile overtakes desktop in China=====

Zài Zhōngguó, shǒujī chāoyuè zhuōmiàn diànnǎo
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài Zhōngguó, shǒujī       chāoyuè  zhuōmiàn diànnǎo
At  China,    mobile phone overtake desktop  computer
&lt;/pre&gt;

Mobile phones are now the most common way for people to connect to the Internet in China, a report has said.

Bàogào zhǐchū: Zài Zhōngguó, shǒujī xiànzài chéngwéi rénmen shàngwǎng zuì pǔbiàn d fāngfǎ.
&lt;pre&gt;
Bàogào zhǐchū:    Zài Zhōngguó, shǒujī       xiànzài chéngwéi rénmen shàngwǎng          zuì  pǔbiàn'd fāngfǎ.
Report point out: At  China,    mobile phone now     become   people be on the Internet most common   way.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-19====

=====At least 8 people killed in Pakistan mine blast=====

Pakistan dìléi bàozhà, zuìshǎo 8 rén bèishā
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan dìléi bàozhà, zuìshǎo  8 rén    bèishā
Pakistan mine  blast,  at least 8 people be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 8 people were killed when a passenger van hit a landmine on the border between Pakistan's Orakzai tribal region and Kohat district, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: Yī liàng lǚkè miànbāochē zài Pakistan d Orakzai bùluò dìqū hé Kohat dìqū zhījiān d biānjìng pèngshang dìléi, zuìshǎo 8 rén sǐwáng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Yī liàng lǚkè      miànbāochē zài Pakistan'd Orakzai bùluò  dìqū   hé  Kohat dìqū   zhījiān  'd biānjìng pèngshang 
Officials say:  A        passenger van        at- Pakistan's Orakzai tribal region and Kohat region -between 's border   run into  

dìléi,    zuìshǎo  8 rén    sǐwáng.
landmine, at least 8 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bulgaria bus blast kills Israelis=====

Bulgaria bus baohzhah shasii Israel-rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Bulgaria bus baohzhah shasii Israel-rern
Bulgaria bus blast    kill   Israel people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 7 people are killed and more than 20 injured as a bomb explosion rips through a bus which picked up Israeli tourists at a Bulgarian airport.

Yi 'ge zhahdahn zhahhuii yi liahng zaih Bulgaria feijichaang jiezaih Israel yourkeh d bus, zaohcherng zuihshaao 7 rern beihsha her chaoguoh 20 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yi 'ge zhahdahn zhahhuii yi liahng zaih Bulgaria feijichaang jiezaih Israel yourkeh d bus, zaohcherng zuihshaao 7 rern   beihsha   
A      bomb     blow up  a         at   Bulgaria airport     carry   Israel tourist   bus, to cause   at least  7 people be killed 

her chaoguoh 20 'ge shouhshang.
and exceed   20     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;Bomb kills&quot; top Syrian ministers=====

&quot;Zhahdahn shasii&quot; gaojir Syria buhzhaang'men
&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;Zhahdahn shasii&quot; gaojir Syria buhzhaang'men
&quot;Bomb     kill&quot;   top    Syria ministers
&lt;/pre&gt;

Syria's defence minister, President Assad's brother-in-law and the head of the crisis management office are killed in suicide bombing, state TV says.

Guorjia diahnshih xuanbuh: Syria guorfarng buhzhaang, Assad Zoongtoong d neihxiongdih her weiji chuulii buhmern d fuhzerrern beih zihsha-shih zhahdahn shasii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guorjia diahnshih xuanbuh:  Syria guorfarng buhzhaang, Assad Zoongtoong d neihxiongdih   her weiji  chuulii    buhmern d  
State   TV        announce: Syria defence   minister,  Assad President's  brother-in-law and crisis management department 

fuhzerrern       beih zihsha-shih   zhahdahn shasii.
person in charge by   suicide-style bomb     kill.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Taliban &quot;blow up&quot; 22 Nato tankers=====

Taliban &quot;zhahhuii&quot; 22 liahng Nato guahnyourche
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban &quot;zhahhuii&quot; 22 liahng Nato guahnyourche
Taliban &quot;blow up&quot;  22        Nato oil car
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb planted by the Taliban in northern Afghanistan destroys 22 Nato fuel tankers carrying supplies to coalition forces, local officials say.

Dangdih guanfang xuanbuh: Afghanistan beeibuh yi 'ge Taliban maircarng d zhahdahn cuihuii'le 22 liahng yuhnzaih gongyihng geei liarnher buhduih d guahnyourche.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dangdih guanfang  xuanbuh:  Afghanistan beeibuh yi 'ge Taliban maircarng d zhahdahn cuihuii'le 22 liahng yuhnzaih gongyihng geei 
Local   officials announce: Afghanistan north   a      Taliban plant       bomb     destroyed  22        carry    supplies  to   

liarnher  buhduih d guahnyourche.
coalition forces    fuel tanker.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-18====

=====Foreign investment in China slows=====

Wàiguó zài Zhōngguó d tóuzī fànghuǎn
&lt;pre&gt;
Wàiguó          zài Zhōngguó d tóuzī      fànghuǎn
Foreign country at  China      investment slow down
&lt;/pre&gt;

Foreign direct investment into China fell in June as an economic slowdown dampened companies' appetite for expansion.

Yóuyú jīngjì fànghuǎn dǎjī gōngsī d kuòzhāng yùwàng, wàiguó zhíjiē tóuzī Zhōngguó Liùyuèfèn xiàjiàng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú   jīngjì   fànghuǎn dǎjī gōngsī d  kuòzhāng  yùwàng, wàiguó          zhíjiē tóuzī  Zhōngguó Liùyuèfèn   xiàjiàng.
Because economic slowdown hit  company's expansion desire, foreign country direct invest China    June period fall.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-17====

=====People &quot;healthier&quot; beside the sea=====

Hǎibiān d rén &quot;gèng jiànkāng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Hǎibiān d rén    &quot;gèng jiànkāng&quot;
Seaside's people &quot;more healthy&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

People living on the English coast are more likely to say they are fit and well than those living inland, a study shows.

Yánjiū xiǎnshì: Jūzhù zài Yīngguó hǎi'àn d rénmen duōshù shuō tāmen bǐ jūzhù nèilù d rén gèng qiángzhuàng hé jiànkāng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū   xiǎnshì: Jūzhù zài Yīngguó hǎi'àn d rénmen duōshù   shuō tāmen bǐ          jūzhù nèilù d rén    gèng qiángzhuàng hé  
Research show:    Live  at  UK      coast's  people majority say  they  compared to live  inland  people more strong      and 

jiànkāng.
healthy.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Global economic recovery &quot;still at risk&quot;=====

Quánqiú jīngjì fùsū &quot;réngrán yǒu wēixiān&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Quánqiú jīngjì   fùsū     &quot;réngrán yǒu  wēixiān&quot;
Global  economic recovery &quot;still   have risk&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The global economic recovery is still at risk and Eurozone economies remain &quot;precarious&quot;, the IMF warns.

IMF jǐnggào: Quánqiú jīngjì fùsū réngrán yǒu wēixiǎn, Euro-qū jīngjì yīrán bù ānquán.
&lt;pre&gt;
IMF jǐnggào: Quánqiú jīngjì   fùsū     réngrán yǒu  wēixiǎn, Euro-qū   jīngjì  yīrán bù  ānquán.
IMF warn:    Global  economic recovery still   have risk,    Euro-zone economy still not safe.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-16====

=====TV habits &quot;predict kids' weights&quot;=====

Kàn diànshì xíguàn &quot;yùcè értóng tǐzhòng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Kàn      diànshì xíguàn &quot;yùcè    értóng   tǐzhòng&quot;
Watching TV      habit  &quot;predict children body weight&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Every additional hour of television watched by children aged between 2 and 4 years old could add 1/2 mm to their waist circumference, says a Canadian study.

Canada d yánjiū zhǐchū: 2-4 suì d értóng, měi zēngjiā kàn diànshì 1 xiǎoshí, jiù huì zēngjiā 1/2 mm yāowéi.
&lt;pre&gt;
Canada d yánjiū zhǐchū:    2-4 suì d       értóng,   měi   zēngjiā kàn      diànshì 1 xiǎoshí, jiù  huì   zēngjiā 1/2 mm yāowéi.
Canada's study  point out: 2-4 year of age children, every add     watching TV      1 hour,    then could add     1/2 mm waistline.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-15====

=====Nigeria suicide bomb attacks Maiduguri mosque=====

Nigeria zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī Maiduguri qīngzhēnsì

Nigeria zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji Maiduguri qingzhensih
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   xíjī   Maiduguri qīngzhēnsì
Nigeria zihsha-shih   zhahdahn xirji  Maiduguri qingzhensih
Nigeria suicide-style bomb     attack Maiduguri mosque
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber has killed five people at a mosque in the north-eastern Nigerian city of Maiduguri, security officials say.

Bǎo'ān bùmén shuō: Zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī Nigeria dōngběibù chéngshì Maiduguri d qīngzhēnsì, 5 rén bèishā.

Baao`an buhmern shuo: Zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji Nigeria dongbeeibuh cherngshih Maiduguri d qingzhensih, 5 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Bǎo'ān   bùmén      shuō: Zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   xíjī   Nigeria dōngběibù   chéngshì   Maiduguri d qīngzhēnsì,  5 rén    bèishā.
Baao`an  buhmern    shuo: Zihsha-shih   zhahdahn xirji  Nigeria dongbeeibuh cherngshih Maiduguri d qingzhensih, 5 rern   beihsha.
Security department say:  Suicide-style bomb     attack Nigeria northeast   city       Maiduguri's mosque,      5 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-14====

=====Afghanistan suicide bomb kills prominent MP at wedding=====

Afghanistan zìshā-shì zhàdàn shāsǐ cānjiā hūnlǐ d zhùmíng yìyuán

Afghanistan zihsha-shih zhahdahn shasii canjia hunlii d zhuhmirng yihyuarn
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   shāsǐ  cānjiā hūnlǐ d  zhùmíng   yìyuán
Afghanistan zihsha-shih   zhahdahn shasii canjia hunlii d zhuhmirng yihyuarn
Afghanistan suicide-style bomb     kill   attend wedding  famous    MP
&lt;/pre&gt;

A well-known Afghan politician and around 20 other people have been killed in a suicide attack in the northern province of Samangan, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō: Běibù shěngfèn Samangan yī cì zìshā-shì xíjī shāsǐ yī ge zhùmíng Afghanistan zhèngzhìjiā hé lìngwài dàyuè 20 rén.

Jiingfang shuo: Beeibuh sheengfehn Samangan yi cih zihsha-shih xirji shasii yi 'ge zhuhmirng Afghanistan zhehngzhihjia her lihngwaih dahyue 20 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng  shuō: Běibù   shěngfèn   Samangan yī cì  zìshā-shì     xíjī   shāsǐ  yī ge  zhùmíng   Afghanistan zhèngzhìjiā   hé  
Jiingfang shuo: Beeibuh sheengfehn Samangan yi cih zihsha-shih   xirji  shasii yi 'ge zhuhmirng Afghanistan zhehngzhihjia her 
Police    say:  North   province   Samangan a      suicide-style attack kill   a      famous    Afghanistan politician    and 

lìngwài     dàyuè  20 rén.
lihngwaih   dahyue 20 rern.
in addition about  20 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China's growth rate slows to 7.6%=====

Zhōngguó d zēngzhǎnglǜ xiàjiàng dào 7.6%

Zhongguor d zengzhaanglvh xiahjiahng daoh 7.6%
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d  zēngzhǎnglǜ   xiàjiàng   dào  7.6%
Zhongguor d zengzhaanglvh xiahjiahng daoh 7.6%
China's     growth rate   descend    to   7.6%
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's economy grew at 7.6% in the second quarter, its slowest pace in three years, as investment and demand fell in key export markets.

Yóuyú zhǔyào chūkǒu shìchǎng d tóuzī hé xūqiú xiàjiàng, dì-2 jìdù Zhōngguó d jīngjì zēngzhǎng 7.6%, shì 3 nián yǐlái zuì màn.

Youryur zhuuyaoh chukoou shihchaang d tourzi her xuqiur xiahjiahng, dih-2 jihduh Zhongguor d jingjih zengzhaang 7.6%, shih 3 niarn yiilair zuih mahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú   zhǔyào   chūkǒu  shìchǎng d   tóuzī      hé  xūqiú  xiàjiàng,   dì-2   jìdù            Zhōngguó d  jīngjì  zēngzhǎng  
Youryur zhuuyaoh chukoou shihchaang d tourzi     her xuqiur xiahjiahng, dih-2  jihduh          Zhongguor d jingjih zengzhaang 
Because main     export  market       investment and demand fall,       second quarter of year China's     economy grow       

7.6%, shì  3 nián  yǐlái   zuì  màn.
7.6%, shih 3 niarn yiilair zuih mahn.
7.6%, is   3 year  since   most slow.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-11====

=====African migrants &quot;die of thirst&quot;=====

Fēizhōu yímín &quot;kěsǐ&quot;

Feizhou yirmirn &quot;keesii&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Fēizhōu yímín   &quot;kěsǐ&quot;
Feizhou yirmirn &quot;keesii&quot;
Africa  migrant &quot;die of thirst&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Fifty four people die while trying to cross the Mediterranean from Libya to Italy in an inflatable boat after running out of water, a survivor tells the UN.

Yī ge shēnghuánzhě gàosù UN: Tāmen chéngzuò xiàngpítǐng shìtú cóng Libya héngguò Dìzhōnghǎi dào Italy, túzhōng quēshuǐ dǎozhì 54 rén sǐwáng.

Yi 'ge shenghuarnzhee gaohsuh UN: Ta'men cherngzuoh xiahngpirtiing shihtur corng Libya herngguoh Dihzhonghaai daoh Italy, turzhong queshuii daaozhih 54 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yī ge  shēnghuánzhě   gàosù   UN: Tāmen  chéngzuò   xiàngpítǐng     shìtú   cóng  Libya héngguò   Dìzhōnghǎi        dào Italy,  
Yi 'ge shenghuarnzhee gaohsuh UN: Ta'men cherngzuoh xiahngpirtiing  shihtur corng Libya herngguoh Dihzhonghaai      daoh Italy, 
A      survivor       tell    UN: They   ride       inflatable boat attempt from  Libya go cross  Mediterranean Sea to   Italy, 

túzhōng    quēshuǐ          dǎozhì   54 rén    sǐwáng.
turzhong   queshuii         daaozhih 54 rern   siiwarng.
on passage run out of water to cause 54 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly bombing hits Yemen police=====

Zhìmìng bàozhà xíjī Yemen jǐngchá

Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji Yemen jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmìng   bàozhà   xíjī  Yemen  jǐngchá
Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji Yemen  jiingchar
Deadly    blast    attack Yemen police
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 20 people have been killed in a suicide bomb attack at the police academy in the Yemeni capital, Sanaa, medics and security sources say.

Gēnjù yīshēng hé jǐngfāng bàodǎo: Zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī Yemen shǒudū Sanaa d jǐngchá xuéxiào, zuìshǎo 20 rén bèishā.

Genjuh yisheng her jiingfang baohdaao: Zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji Yemen shooudu Sanaa d jiingchar xuerxiaoh, zuihshaao 20 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù     yīshēng hé  jǐngfāng  bàodǎo:   Zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   xíjī   Yemen shǒudū  Sanaa d jǐngchá   xuéxiào,   zuìshǎo   20 
Genjuh    yisheng her jiingfang baohdaao: Zihsha-shih   zhahdahn xirji  Yemen shooudu Sanaa d jiingchar xuerxiaoh, zuihshaao 20 
According doctor  and police    report:   Suicide-style bomb     attack Yemen capital Sanaa's police    school,    at least  20 

rén    bèishā.
rern   beihsha.
people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-10====

=====Less time sitting &quot;extends life&quot;=====

Jiǎnshǎo zuòxia &quot;yáncháng shòumìng&quot;

Jiaanshaao zuoh'xia &quot;yarncharng shouhmihng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiǎnshǎo   zuòxia   &quot;yáncháng   shòumìng&quot;
Jiaanshaao zuoh'xia &quot;yarncharng shouhmihng&quot;
Reduce     sit down &quot;extend     life&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Limiting the time we spend sitting to just three hours a day could add an extra two years to our life expectancy, scientists calculate.

Kēxuéjiā gūjì: Xiànzhì zuòxia d shíjiān měitiān 3 xiǎoshí, kěyǐ éwài zēngjiā shòumìng liǎng nián.

Kexuerjia gujih: Xiahnzhih zuoh'xia d shirjian meeitian 3 xiaaoshir, keeyii erwaih zengjia shouhmihng liaang niarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kēxuéjiā  gūjì:     Xiànzhì   zuòxia d   shíjiān  měitiān  3 xiǎoshí,   kěyǐ   éwài   zēngjiā  shòumìng   liǎng  nián.
Kexuerjia gujih:    Xiahnzhih zuoh'xia d shirjian meeitian 3 xiaaoshir, keeyii erwaih zengjia  shouhmihng liaang niarn.
Scientist estimate: Restrict  sit down   time     daily    3 hour,      could  extra  increase life       two    year.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;Seven die&quot; as gunmen attack Pakistan army camp=====

Qiāngshǒu xíjī Pakistan jūnyíng, &quot;7 rén sǐwáng&quot;

Qiangshoou xirji Pakistan junyirng, &quot;7 rern siiwarng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Qiāngshǒu  xíjī   Pakistan jūnyíng,   &quot;7 rén    sǐwáng&quot;
Qiangshoou xirji  Pakistan junyirng,  &quot;7 rern   siiwarng&quot;
Gunman     attack Pakistan army camp, &quot;7 people die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen have attacked an army camp in Pakistan, killing at least seven security personnel and injuring five, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: Qiāngshǒu xíjī Pakistan yī ge jūnyíng, zuìshǎo 7 ge jūnrén bèishā hé 5 ge shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo: Qiangshoou xirji Pakistan yi 'ge junyirng, zuihshaao 7 'ge junrern beihsha her 5 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Qiāngshǒu  xíjī   Pakistan yī ge  jūnyíng,   zuìshǎo   7 ge  jūnrén  bèishā    hé  5 ge  shòushāng.
Guanfang  shuo: Qiangshoou xirji  Pakistan yi 'ge junyirng,  zuihshaao 7 'ge junrern beihsha   her 5 'ge shouhshang.
Officials say:  Gunman     attack Pakistan a      army camp, at least  7     soldier be killed and 5     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-09====

=====Afghanistan: 6 Nato US soldiers killed in roadside bomb=====

Afghanistan: Lùbiàn zhàdàn shāsǐ 6 ge Nato Měijūn

Afghanistan: Luhbian zhahdahn shasii 6 'ge Nato Meeijun
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan: Lùbiàn   zhàdàn   shāsǐ  6 ge  Nato Měijūn
Afghanistan: Luhbian  zhahdahn shasii 6 'ge Nato Meeijun
Afghanistan: Roadside bomb     kill   6     Nato US soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

A roadside bomb in eastern Afghanistan has killed six Nato US soldiers, the Western alliance has announced.

Xīfāng liánméng xuānbù: Afghanistan dōngbù yī ge lùbiān zhàdàn shāsǐ 6 ge Nato Měijūn.

Xifang liarnmerng xuanbuh: Afghanistan dongbuh yi 'ge luhbian zhahdahn shasii 6 'ge Nato Meeijun.
&lt;pre&gt;
Xīfāng   liánméng   xuānbù:   Afghanistan dōngbù  yī ge  lùbiān   zhàdàn   shāsǐ  6 ge  Nato Měijūn.
Xifang   liarnmerng xuanbuh:  Afghanistan dongbuh yi 'ge luhbian  zhahdahn shasii 6 'ge Nato Meeijun.
The West alliance   announce: Afghanistan east    a      roadside bomb     kill   6     Nato US soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-08====

=====Suicide car bombing in central Iraq kills six=====

Iraq zhōngbù zìshā-shì qìchē zhàdàn bàozhà, 6 rén sǐwáng

Iraq zhongbuh zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn baohzhah, 6 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq zhōngbù      zìshā-shì     qìchē  zhàdàn   bàozhà,   6 rén    sǐwáng
Iraq zhongbuh     zihsha-shih   qihche zhahdahn baohzhah, 6 rern   siiwarng
Iraq central part suicide-style car    bomb     blast,    6 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least six people have been killed and 20 others wounded in a suicide car bombing in central Iraq, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: Iraq zhōngbù zìshā-shì qìchē zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo 6 rén bèishā hé 20 ge shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo: Iraq zhongbuh zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 6 rern beihsha her 20 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Iraq zhōngbù      zìshā-shì     qìchē  zhàdàn   bàozhà,   zuìshǎo   6 rén    bèishā    hé  20 ge  shòushāng.
Guanfang  shuo: Iraq zhongbuh     zihsha-shih   qihche zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 6 rern   beihsha   her 20 'ge shouhshang.
Officials say:  Iraq central part suicide-style car    bomb     blast,    at least  6 people be killed and 20     be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Southern Russia floods kill 134=====

Russia nánbù fànlàn, 134 rén sǐwáng

Russia narnbuh fahnlahn, 134 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Russia nánbù         fànlàn,      134 rén    sǐwáng
Russia narnbuh       fahnlahn,    134 rern   siiwarng
Russia southern part be in flood, 134 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

More than 130 people have been killed as flash floods swept through parts of the Krasnodar region in southern Russia, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: hóngshuǐ héngsǎo Russia nánbù d Krasnodar bùfen dìqū, chāoguò 130 rén sǐwáng.

Guanfang shuo: horngshuii herngsaao Russia narnbuh d Krasnodar buh'fen dihqu, chāoguò 130 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: hóngshuǐ   héngsǎo       Russia nánbù d          Krasnodar bùfen   dìqū,  chāoguò 130 rén    sǐwáng.
Guanfang  shuo: horngshuii herngsaao     Russia narnbuh d        Krasnodar buh'fen dihqu, chāoguò 130 rern   siiwarng.
Officials say:  flood      sweep through Russia southern part 's Krasnodar partial area,  exceed  130 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-06====

=====Cuba's Castro meets China leaders=====

Cuba d Castro huìjiàn Zhōngguó lǐngxiùmen

Cuba d Castro huihjiahn Zhongguor liingxiuh'men
&lt;pre&gt;
Cuba d Castro huìjiàn   Zhōngguó  lǐngxiùmen
Cuba d Castro huihjiahn Zhongguor liingxiuh'men
Cuba's Castro meet      China     leaders
&lt;/pre&gt;

Cuba's Raul Castro holds talks with Chinese leaders in Beijing, signing agreements aimed at further deepening ties between the two allies.

Cuba d Raul Castro yǔ Zhōngguó lǐngxiùmen zài Běijīng huìtán, qiǎnshǔ xiéyì jìnyībù jiāqiáng liǎng guó d liánméng guānxì.

Cuba d Raul Castro yuu Zhongguor liingxiuh'men zaih Beeijing huihtarn, qianshuu xieryih jihnyibuh jiaqiarng liaang guor d liarnmerng guanxih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Cuba d Raul Castro yǔ   Zhōngguó  lǐngxiùmen    zài  Běijīng  huìtán,   qiǎnshǔ  xiéyì     jìnyībù   jiāqiáng   liǎng guó d 
Cuba d Raul Castro yuu  Zhongguor liingxiuh'men zaih Beeijing huihtarn, qianshuu xieryih   jihnyibuh jiaqiarng  liaang guor d 
Cuba's Raul Castro with China     leaders       at   Beijing  talk,     sign     agreement further   strengthen two-country's 

liánméng   guānxì.
liarnmerng guanxih.
alliance   relation.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-05====

=====China manufacturing growth slows=====

Zhōngguó zhìzàoyè zēngzhǎng fàngmàn

Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh zengzhaang fahngmahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  zhìzàoyè      zēngzhǎng  fàngmàn
Zhongguor zhihzaohyeh   zengzhaang fahngmahn
China     manufacturing growth     slow down
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's manufacturing activity grew at its slowest pace in seven months in June, adding to fears about a slowdown in its economy.

Zhōngguó Liùyuèfèn d zhìzàoyè zēngzhǎng shì 7 ge yuè yǐlái zuìdī, zēngjiā duì jīngjì fànghuǎn d yōulǜ.

Zhongguor Liuhyuehfehn d zhihzaohyeh zengzhaang shih 7 'ge yueh yiilair zuihdi, zengjia duih jingjih fahnghuaan d youlvh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  Liùyuèfèn d    zhìzàoyè      zēngzhǎng  shì  7 ge  yuè   yǐlái   zuìdī,  zēngjiā  duì  jīngjì  fànghuǎn d   yōulǜ.
Zhongguor Liuhyuehfehn d zhihzaohyeh   zengzhaang shih 7 'ge yueh  yiilair zuihdi, zengjia  duih jingjih fahnghuaan d youlvh.
China     June period    manufacturing growth     is   7     month since   lowest, increase to   economy slowdown     worry.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-04====

=====Iraq: &quot;Many killed&quot; in series of bombings=====

Iraq yīxìliè zhàdàn bàozhà, &quot;duō rén bèishā&quot;

Iraq yixihlieh zhahdahn baohzhah, &quot;duo rern beihsha&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq yīxìliè     zhàdàn   bàozhà,   &quot;duō  rén    bèishā&quot;
Iraq yixihlieh   zhahdahn baohzhah, &quot;duo  rern   beihsha&quot;
Iraq a series of bomb     blast,    &quot;many people be killed&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 40 people have been killed and many wounded in bomb attacks in cities across Iraq.

Iraq duō ge chéngshì d zhàdàn xíjī, zuìshǎo 40 rén bèishā hé hěn duō shòushāng.

Iraq duo 'ge cherngshih d zhahdahn xirji, zuihshaao 40 rern beihsha her heen duo shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq duō ge  chéngshì d   zhàdàn   xíjī,   zuìshǎo   40 rén    bèishā    hé  hěn duō  shòushāng.
Iraq duo 'ge cherngshih d zhahdahn xirji,  zuihshaao 40 rern   beihsha   her heen duo shouhshang.
Iraq many    city         bomb     attack, at least  40 people be killed and many     be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-03====

=====China factory construction halted amid violent protests=====

Yóuyú bàolì kàngyì, Zhōngguó gōngchǎng jiànzhù zhàntíng

Youryur baohlih kahngyih, Zhongguor gongchaang jiahnzhuh zahntirng
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú   bàolì   kàngyì,   Zhōngguó  gōngchǎng  jiànzhù      zàntíng
Youryur baohlih kahngyih, Zhongguor gongchaang jiahnzhuh    zahntirng
Because violent protest,  China     factory    construction suspend
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese officials have halted the construction of a copper alloy plant in Sichuan province following violent protests by local residents.

Yóuyú dāngdì jūmín d bàolì kàngyì, Zhōngguó guānfāng zhàntíng Sìchuān Shěng yī jiān tóng-héjīn gōngchǎng d jiànzhù.

Youryur dangdih jumirn d baohlih kahngyih, Zhongguor guanfang zahntirng Sihchuan Sheeng yi jian torng-herjin gongchaang d jiahnzhuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú   dāngdì  jūmín d    bàolì   kàngyì,   Zhōngguó  guānfāng  zàntíng   Sìchuān Shěng    yī jiān tóng-héjīn   gōngchǎng d 
Youryur dangdih jumirn d   baohlih kahngyih, Zhongguor guanfang  zahntirng Sihchuan Sheeng  yi jian torng-herjin gongchaang d 
Because local   resident's violent protest,  China     officials suspend   Sichuan province a       copper alloy factory's 

jiànzhù.
jiahnzhuh.
construction.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Seven killed in Afghan bombing=====

Afghanistan zhàdàn bàozhà, 7 rén bèishā

Afghanistan zhahdahn baohzhah, 7 rern beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zhàdàn   bàozhà,   7 rén    bèishā
Afghanistan zhahdahn baohzhah, 7 rern   beihsha
Afghanistan bomb     blast,    7 people be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least seven people are killed and many more wounded in a suicide car bomb attack in the Afghan city of Kandahar, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō: Afghanistan chéngshì Kandahar d zìshā-shì qìchē zhàdàn xíjī, zàochéng zuìshǎo 7 rén bèishā hé hěn duō shòushāng.

Jiingfang shuo: Afghanistan cherngshih Kandahar d zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn xirji, zaohcherng zuihshaao 7 rern beihsha her heen duo shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng  shuō: Afghanistan chéngshì   Kandahar d zìshā-shì     qìchē  zhàdàn   xíjī,   zàochéng   zuìshǎo   7 rén    bèishā    
Jiingfang shuo: Afghanistan cherngshih Kandahar d zihsha-shih   qihche zhahdahn xirji,  zaohcherng zuihshaao 7 rern   beihsha   
Police    say:  Afghanistan city       Kandahar's suicide-style car    bomb     attack, cause      at least  7 people be killed 

hé  hěn  duō  shòushāng.
her heen duo  shouhshang.
and very many be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-02====

=====Afghan policeman kills UK troops=====

Afghanistan jǐngchá shāsǐ Yīngjūn

Afghanistan jiingchar shasii Yingjun
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan jǐngchá   shāsǐ  Yīngjūn
Afghanistan jiingchar shasii Yingjun
Afghanistan police    kill   UK solidier
&lt;/pre&gt;

Three British soldiers have been killed by a policeman in southern Afghanistan, the Ministry of Defence says.

Guófāngbù shuō: Afghanistan nánbù yī ge jǐngchá shāsǐle 3 ge Yīngjūn.

Guorfarngbuh shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh yi 'ge jiingchar shasii'le 3 'ge Yingjun.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guófāngbù           shuō: Afghanistan nánbù   yī ge  jǐngchá   shāsǐle   3 ge  Yīngjūn.
Guorfarngbuh        shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh yi 'ge jiingchar shasii'le 3 'ge Yingjun.
Ministry of Defence say:  Afghanistan south   a      police    killed    3     UK soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Islamists vow to smash every mausoleum in Timbuktu=====

Islam-zhǔyìzhě shìyán huǐmiè suǒyǒu Timbuktu d língmù

Islam-zhuuyihzhee shihyarn huiimieh suooyoou Timbuktu d lirngmuh
&lt;pre&gt;
Islam-zhǔyìzhě    shìyán   huǐmiè   suǒyǒu   Timbuktu d língmù
Islam-zhuuyihzhee shihyarn huiimieh suooyoou Timbuktu d lirngmuh
Islamist          vow      destroy  all      Timbuktu's mausoleum
&lt;/pre&gt;

Islamist rebels occupying the ancient city of Timbuktu in Mali have vowed to smash every mausoleum, in the face of international protests.

Islam-zhǔyì zàofǎnzhě zhànlǐng Mali gǔchéng Timbuktu, bù lǐhuì guójì kàngyì, shìyán huǐmiè suǒyǒu língmù.

Islam-zhuuyih zaohfaanzhee zhahnliing Mali guucherng Timbuktu, bu liihuih guorjih kahngyih, shihyarn huiimieh suooyoou lirngmuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Islam-zhǔyì   zàofǎnzhě    zhànlǐng   Mali gǔchéng      Timbuktu, bù  lǐhuì            guójì         kàngyì,   shìyán   huǐmiè   
Islam-zhuuyih zaohfaanzhee zhahnliing Mali guucherng    Timbuktu, bu  liihuih          guorjih       kahngyih, shihyarn huiimieh 
Islamist      rebel        occupy     Mali ancient city Timbuktu, not pay attention to international protest,  vow      destroy  

suǒyǒu   língmù.
suooyoou lirngmuh.
all      mausoleum.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Gunman attacks French nightclub=====

Qiāngshǒu xíjī Fǎguó yèzǒnghuì

Qiangshoou xirji Faaguor yehzoonghuih
&lt;pre&gt;
Qiāngshǒu  xíjī   Fǎguó   yèzǒnghuì
Qiangshoou xirji  Faaguor yehzoonghuih
Gunman     attack France  nightclub
&lt;/pre&gt;

Police in the northern French city of Lille are hunting a gunman who shot dead two people and injured five at a nightclub after being turned away.

Fǎguó běibù chéngshì Lille jǐngfāng sōusuǒ yī ge zài yèzǒnghuì shèsǐ liǎng rén hé shèshāng 5 rén ránhòu táoqù d qiāngshǒu.

Faaguor beeibuh cherngshih Lille jiingfang sousuoo yi 'ge zaih yehzoonghuih shehsii liaang rern her shehshang 5 rern rarnhouh taorquh d qiangshoou.
&lt;pre&gt;
Fǎguó   běibù   chéngshì   Lille jǐngfāng  sōusuǒ  yī ge  zài  yèzǒnghuì    shèsǐ      liǎng  rén    hé  shèshāng     5 rén    
Faaguor beeibuh cherngshih Lille jiingfang sousuoo yi 'ge zaih yehzoonghuih shehsii    liaang rern   her shehshang    5 rern   
France  north   city       Lille police    search  a      at   nightclub    shoot dead two    people and bullet wound 5 people 

ránhòu   táoqù d   qiāngshǒu.
rarnhouh taorquh d qiangshoou.
then     escape    gunman.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Uniformed Afghan kills Nato staff=====

Chuān zhìfú d Afghanistan-rén shāsǐ Nato zhíyuán

Chuan zhihfur d Afghanistan-rern shasii Nato zhiryuarn
&lt;pre&gt;
Chuān zhìfú d   Afghanistan-rén    shāsǐ  Nato zhíyuán
Chuan zhihfur d Afghanistan-rern   shasii Nato zhiryuarn
Wear  uniform   Afghanistan-person kill   Nato staff
&lt;/pre&gt;

A gunman in an Afghan police uniform kills three Nato service members in the south of the country, officials say. 

Guānfāng shuō: Afghanistan nánbù yī ge chuān jǐngchá zhìfú d qiāngshǒu shāsǐ 3 ge Nato chéngyuán.

Guanfang shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh yi 'ge chuan jiingchar zhihfur d qiangshoou shasii 3 'ge Nato cherngyuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Afghanistan nánbù   yī ge  chuān jǐngchá   zhìfú d   qiāngshǒu  shāsǐ  3 ge  Nato chéngyuán.
Guanfang  shuo: Afghanistan narnbuh yi 'ge chuan jiingchar zhihfur d qiangshoou shasii 3 'ge Nato cherngyuarn.
Officials say:  Afghanistan south   a      wear  police    uniform   gunman     kill   3     Nato member.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-07-01====

=====Kenyan church attacks &quot;kill 15&quot;=====

Kenya d jiàotáng xíjī &quot;shāsǐ 15 rén&quot;

Kenya d jiaohtarng xirji &quot;shasii 15 rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya d jiàotáng xíjī     &quot;shāsǐ  15 rén&quot;
Kenya d jiaohtarng xirji  &quot;shasii 15 rern&quot;
Kenya's church     attack &quot;kill   15 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Fifteen people are killed in attacks on two churches in Garissa, a Kenyan town close to the Somali border, say the Red Cross and an official.

Hóngshízìhuì shuō: Kàojìn Somalia biānjiè d Kenya shìzhèn Garissa d liǎng jiān jiàotáng bèi xíjī, 15 rén bèishā.

Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Kaohjihn Somalia bianjieh d Kenya shihzhehn Garissa d liaang jian jiaohtarng beih xirji, 15 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Hóngshízìhuì     shuō: Kàojìn   Somalia biānjiè d  Kenya shìzhèn   Garissa d liǎng jiān  jiàotáng   bèi xíjī,    15 rén    
Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Kaohjihn Somalia bianjieh d Kenya shihzhehn Garissa d liaang jian jiaohtarng beih xirji,  15 rern   
Red Cross        say:  Near     Somalia border     Kenya town      Garissa   two         church     be attacked, 15 people 

bèishā.
beihsha.
be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-30====

=====China to set up a trial zone for yuan convertibility=====

Zhōngguó jiànlì Rénmínbì fúdòng shìyànqū

Zhongguor jiahnlih Rernmirnbih furdohng shihyahnqu
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  jiànlì   Rénmínbì    fúdòng   shìyànqū
Zhongguor jiahnlih Rernmirnbih furdohng shihyahnqu
China     set up   Renminbi    floating trial zone
&lt;/pre&gt;

China is to set up a special business zone to experiment with the yuan's convertibility, the latest step in its moves to open up its capital markets.

Zhōngguó jiànlì tèbié shāngyèqū shìyàn Rénmínbì d fúdòng, zhè shì kāifàng tā d zīběn shìchǎng d zuìxīn bùzhòu.

Zhongguor jiahnlih tehbier shangyehqu shihyahn Rernmirnbih d furdohng, zheh shih kaifahng ta d zibeen shihchaang d zuihxin buhzhouh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  jiànlì   tèbié   shāngyèqū         shìyàn   Rénmínbì d    fúdòng,   zhè  shì  kāifàng  tā d zīběn   shìchǎng d   zuìxīn  
Zhongguor jiahnlih tehbier shangyehqu        shihyahn Rernmirnbih d furdohng, zheh shih kaifahng ta d zibeen  shihchaang d zuihxin 
China     set up   special business district to test  Renminbi's    floating, this is   to open  its  capital market       newest  

bùzhòu.
buhzhouh.
step.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pottery invented in China to cook food and brew alcohol=====

Yònglái pēngrèn hé niàngjiǔ d táoqì zài Zhōngguó fāmíng

Yohnglair pengrehn her niahngjiuu d taroqih zaih Zhongguor famirng
&lt;pre&gt;
Yònglái     pēngrèn  hé  niàngjiǔ d   táoqì   zài  Zhōngguó  fāmíng
Yohnglair   pengrehn her niahngjiuu d taroqih zaih Zhongguor famirng
Be used for cooking  and make wine    pottery at   China     invent
&lt;/pre&gt;

The oldest known samples of pottery have been unearthed in southern China.

Yǐzhī zuì gǔlǎo d táoqì yàngpǐn zài Zhōngguó nánbù chūtǔ.

Yiizhi zuih guulaao d taorqih yahngpiin zaih Zhongguor narnbuh chutuu.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yǐzhī  zuì  gǔlǎo d   táoqì   yàngpǐn   zài  Zhōngguó  nánbù   chūtǔ.
Yiizhi zuih guulaao d taorqih yahngpiin zaih Zhongguor narnbuh chutuu.
Known  most ancient   pottery sample    at   China     south   be unearthed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-29====

=====China spacecraft returns to Earth=====

Zhōngguó tàikōngchuán huídào Dìqiú

Zhongguor taihkongchuarn huirdaoh Dihqiur
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  tàikōngchuán   huídào    Dìqiú
Zhongguor taihkongchuarn huirdaoh  Dihqiur
China     spacecraft     return to Earth
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's Shenzhou-9 is to return to earth with its three crew members following a 13-day mission.

Zài wánchéng 13 tiān d shǐmìng zhīhòu, Zhōngguó d Shénzhōu-9 hé tā d 3 ge tàikōngrén huídào Dìqiú.

Zaih warncherng 13 tian d shiimihng zhihouh, Zhongguor d Shernzhou-9 her ta d 3 'ge taihkongrern huirdaoh Dihqiur.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài  wánchéng   13 tiān d shǐmìng   zhīhòu,  Zhōngguó d  Shénzhōu-9  hé  tā d 3 ge  tàikōngrén   huídào    Dìqiú.
Zaih warncherng 13 tian d shiimihng zhihouh, Zhongguor d Shernzhou-9 her ta d 3 'ge taihkongrern huirdaoh  Dihqiur.
At   accomplish 13 day    mission   after,   China's     Shenzou-9   and its  3     astronaut    return to Earth.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Fifteen dead in Pakistan blasts=====

Pakistan bàozhà, 15 rén sǐwáng

Pakistan baohzhah, 15 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan bàozhà,   15 rén    sǐwáng
Pakistan baohzhah, 15 rern   siiwarng
Pakistan blast,    15 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 15 people are killed in two separate attacks in Pakistan.

Pakistan liǎng cì fēnbié d xíjī, zuìshǎo 15 rén bèishā.

Pakistan liaang cih fenbier d xirji, zuihshaao 15 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan liǎng cì   fēnbié d  xíjī,   zuìshǎo   15 rén    bèishā.
Pakistan liaang cih fenbier d xirji,  zuihshaao 15 rern   beihsha.
Pakistan two        separate  attack, at least  15 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly car bombs strike Baghdad=====

Zhìmìng qìchē zhàdàn xíjī Baghdad

Zhihmihng qihche zhahdahn xirji Baghdad
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmìng   qìchē  zhàdàn   xíjī   Baghdad
Zhihmihng qihche zhahdahn xirji  Baghdad
Deadly    car    bomb     attack Baghdad
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 14 people are killed and dozens wounded in a series of car bomb attacks in and around the Iraqi capital Baghdad.

Iraq shǒudū Baghdad lǐmiàn hé zhōuwéi d yīxìliè qìchē zhàdàn xíjī, zuìshǎo 14 rén bèishā hé jǐ-shí ge shòushāng.

Iraq shooudu Baghdad liimiahn her zhouweir d yixihlieh qihche zhahdahn xirji, zuihshaao 14 rern beihsha her jii-shir 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad lǐmiàn   hé  zhōuwéi d  yīxìliè     qìchē  zhàdàn   xíjī,   zuìshǎo   14 rén    bèishā    hé  jǐ-shí ge    
Iraq shooudu Baghdad liimiahn her zhouweir d yixihlieh   qihche zhahdahn xirji,  zuihshaao 14 rern   beihsha   her jii-shir 'ge 
Iraq capital Baghdad inside   and around     a series of car    bomb     attack, at least  14 people be killed and several-ten  

shòushāng.
shouhshang.
be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-28====

=====Deadly blast hits Pakistan rail station=====

Pakistan huǒchēzhàn zhìmìng bàozhà

Pakistan huoochezhahn zhihmihng baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan huǒchēzhàn zhìmìng bàozhà
Pakistan huoochezhahn zhihmihng baohzhah
Pakistan rail station deadly    blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb has exploded at a railway station in western Pakistan, killing at least five people, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō: Pakistan xībù huǒchēzhàn zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo 5 rén bèishā.

Jiingfang shuo: pakistan xibuh huoochezhahn zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 5 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng  shuō: Pakistan xībù  huǒchēzhàn   zhàdàn   bàozhà,   zuìshǎo   5 rén    bèishā.
Jiingfang shuo: Pakistan xibuh huoochezhahn zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 5 rern   beihsha.
Police    say:  Pakistan west  rail staion  bomb     blast,    at least  5 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-27====

=====Syria in state of war, says Assad=====

Assad shuō: Syria zài zhànzhēng zhuàngtài

Assad shuo: Syria zaih zhahnzheng zhuahngtaih
&lt;pre&gt;
Assad shuō: Syria zài  zhànzhēng  zhuàngtài
Assad shuo: Syria zaih zhahnzheng zhuahngtaih
Assad say:  Syria at   war        state
&lt;/pre&gt;

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad says his country is in &quot;a state of war&quot; as fierce fighting is reported in the suburbs of the capital Damascus.

Yóuyú shǒudū Damascus jiāoqū yǒu měngliè zhàndòu bàodǎo, Syria Zǒngtǒng Bashar al-Assad xuānbù tā d guójiā jìnrù &quot;zhànzhēng zhuàngtài&quot;.

Youryur shooudu Damascus jiaoqu yoou meenglieh zhahndouh baohdaao, Syria Zoongtoong Bashar al-Assad xuanbuh ta d guorjia jihnruh &quot;zhahnzheng zhuahngtaih&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú   shǒudū  Damascus jiāoqū yǒu  měngliè   zhàndòu   bàodǎo,   Syria Zǒngtǒng   Bashar al-Assad xuānbù   tā d guójiā 
Youryur shooudu Damascus jiaoqu yoou meenglieh zhahndouh baohdaao, Syria Zoongtoong Bashar al-Assad xuanbuh  ta d guorjia 
Because capital Damascus suburb have fierce    fighting  report,   Syria President  Bashar al-Assad announce his  country 

jìnrù   &quot;zhànzhēng  zhuàngtài&quot;.
jihnruh &quot;zhahnzheng zhuahngtaih&quot;.
enter   &quot;war        state&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-26====

=====Pakistani soldiers &quot;beheaded by Taliban&quot;=====

Pakistan shìbīng &quot;bèi Taliban kǎntóu&quot;

Pakistan shihbing &quot;beih Taliban kaantour&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan shìbīng  &quot;bèi  Taliban kǎntóu&quot;
Pakistan shihbing &quot;beih Taliban kaantour&quot;
Pakistan soldier  &quot;by   Taliban behead&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Seven Pakistani soldiers have been beheaded after being seized by Taliban militants close to the Afghan border on Sunday, security officials say.

Bǎo'ānbù shuō: Zài Xīngqīrì, Afghanistan biānjiè fùjìn, 7 ge bèi Taliban wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ fúhuò d Pakistan shìbìng bèi kǎntóu.

Baao`anbuh shuo: Zaih Xingqirih, Afghanistan bianjieh fuhjihn, 7 'ge beih Taliban wuuzhuang-fehnzii furhuoh d Pakistan shihbing beei kaantour.
&lt;pre&gt;
Bǎo'ānbù            shuō: Zài  Xīngqīrì,  Afghanistan biānjiè  fùjìn,    7 ge  bèi  Taliban wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ    fúhuò d   Pakistan 
Baao`anbuh          shuo: Zaih Xingqirih, Afghanistan bianjieh fuhjihn,  7 'ge beih Taliban wuuzhuang-fehnzii furhuoh d Pakistan 
Security department say:  At   Sunday,    Afghanistan border   vicinity, 7     by   Taliban armed-member      capture   Pakistan 

shìbìng  bèi  kǎntóu.
shihbing beih kaantour.
soldier  be   behead.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Uganda hit by deadly landslide=====

Uganda fāshēng zhìmìng d shānbēng

Uganda fasheng zhihmihng d shanbeng
&lt;pre&gt;
Uganda fāshēng zhìmìng d   shānbēng
Uganda fasheng zhihmihng d shanbeng
Uganda happen  deadly      landslide
&lt;/pre&gt;

Many people are feared dead after a landslide sweeps through three villages in a mountainous region of eastern Uganda, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: Uganda dōngbù shānqū d shānbēng héngsǎo 3 ge cūnzhuāng, hěn duō rén kǒngpà yǐjīng sǐwáng.

Guanfang shuo: Uganda dongbuh shanqu d shanbeng herngsaao 3 'ge cunzhuang, heen duo rern koongpah yiijing siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Uganda dōngbù  shānqū d           shānbēng  héngsǎo       3 ge  cūnzhuāng, hěn  duō  rén    kǒngpà   yǐjīng  
Guanfang  shuo: Uganda dongbuh shanqu d           shanbeng  herngsaao     3 'ge cunzhuang, heen duo  rern   koongpah yiijing 
Officials say:  Uganda east    mountainous region landslide sweep through 3     village,   very many people probably already 

sǐwáng.
siiwarng.
die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly attack on bar in Mombasa=====

Mombasa d jiǔbā fāshēng zhìmìng d xíjī

Mombasa d jiuuba fasheng zhihmihng d xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Mombasa d jiǔbā  fāshēng zhìmìng d   xíjī
Mombasa d jiuuba fasheng zhihmihng d xirji
Mombasa's pub    happen  deadly      attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

Three people are now believed to have died after a hand grenade was thrown into a bar in Mombasa, Kenya's Red Cross says.

Kenya d Hóngshízìhuì shuō: Yī ge shǒuliúdàn bèi rēngjīn Mombasa d yī jiān jiǔbā, xiāngxìn yǒu 3 ge rén sǐwáng.

Kenya d Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Yi 'ge shoouliurdahn beih rengjihn Mombasa d yi jian jiuuba, xiangxihn yoou 3 'ge rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya d Hóngshízìhuì     shuō: Yī ge  shǒuliúdàn    bèi  rēngjīn    Mombasa d yī jiān jiǔbā,  xiāngxìn  yǒu  3 ge  rén    sǐwáng.
Kenya d Horngshirzihhuih shuo: Yi 'ge shoouliurdahn beih rengjihn   Mombasa d yi jian jiuuba, xiangxihn yoou 3 'ge rern   siiwarng.
Kenya's Red Cross        say:  A      hand grenade  be   throw into Mombasa's a       bar,    believe   have 3     people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-25====

=====Islamist wins Egyptian presidency=====

Islam-zhǔyìzhě yíngdé Egypt zǒngtǒng xuǎnjǔ

Islam-zhuuyihzhee yirngder Egypt zoongtoong xuaanjuu
&lt;pre&gt;
Islam-zhǔyìzhě    yíngdé   Egypt zǒngtǒng   xuǎnjǔ
Islam-zhuuyihzhee yirngder Egypt zoongtoong xuaanjuu
Islamist          win      Egypt president  election
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Muslim Brotherhood's Mohammed Mursi is declared the winner of Egypt's presidential run-off, and promises to govern &quot;for all Egyptians&quot;.

Muslim Xiōngdìhuì d Mohammed Mursi bèixuǎn wéi Egypt zǒngtǒng, bìngqiě chéngnuò &quot;wèi quántǐ Egypt-rén fúwù&quot;.

Muslim Xiongdihhuih d Mohammed Mursi beihxuaan weir Egypt zoongtoong, bihngqiee cherngnuoh &quot;weih quarntii Egypt-rern furwuh&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
Muslim Xiōngdìhuì d   Mohammed Mursi bèixuǎn    wéi    Egypt zǒngtǒng,   bìngqiě   chéngnuò   &quot;wèi  quántǐ   Egypt-rén    fúwù&quot;.
Muslim Xiongdihhuih d Mohammed Mursi beihxuaan  weir   Egypt zoongtoong, bihngqiee cherngnuoh &quot;weih quarntii Egypt-rern   furwuh&quot;.
Muslim Brotherhood's  Mohammed Mursi be elected become Egypt president,  and       promise    &quot;for  all      Egypt-people serve&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China docks spacecraft manually=====

Zhōngguó wánchéng shǒudòng tàikōngchuán duìjiē

Zhongguor warncherng shooudohng taihkongchuarn duihjie
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  wánchéng   shǒudòng   tàikōngchuán   duìjiē
Zhongguor warncherng shooudohng taihkongchuarn duihjie
China     accomplish manual     spacecraft     docking
&lt;/pre&gt;

China successfully carries out its first ever manual docking of a spacecraft, the Shenzhou-9, with another space module.

Zhōngguó chénggōng wánchéng tā d shǒucì Shénzhōu-9 yǔ lìngyī ge tàikōngcāng d shǒudòng tàikōngchuán duìjiē.

Zhongguor chernggong warncherng ta d shooucih Shernzhou-9 yuu lihngyi 'ge taihkongcang d shooudohng taihkongchuarn duihjie.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  chénggōng  wánchéng   tā d shǒucì     Shénzhōu-9  yǔ   lìngyī  ge  tàikōngcāng d  shǒudòng   tàikōngchuán   duìjiē.
Zhongguor chernggong warncherng ta d shooucih   Shernzhou-9 yuu  lihngyi 'ge taihkongcang d shooudohng taihkongchuarn duihjie.
China     success    accomplish its  first time Shenzhou-9  with another     spaces module  manual     spacecraft     docking.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-24====

=====China Shenzhou-9 spacecraft to try first manual docking=====

Zhōngguó Shénzhōu-9 tàikōngchuán chángshì dì-yī cì shǒudòng duìjiē

Zhongguor Shernzhou-9 taihkongchuarn charngshih dih-yi cih shooudohng duihjie
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  Shénzhōu-9  tàikōngchuán   chángshì   dì-yī  cì   shǒudòng   duìjiē
Zhongguor Shernzhou-9 taihkongchuarn charngshih dih-yi cih  shooudohng duihjie
China     Shenzhou-9  spacecraft     try        first  time manual     docking
&lt;/pre&gt;

China is to make its first ever attempt at manually docking a spacecraft with another space module.

Zhōngguó shǒucì chángshì tā d tàikōngchuán yǔ lìngyī ge tàikōngcāng d shǒudòng duìjiē.

Zhongguor shoocih charngshih ta d taihkongchuarn yuu lihngyi 'ge taihkongcang d shooudohng duihjie.
&lt;pre&gt;

Zhōngguó  shǒucì    chángshì   tā d tàikōngchuán   yǔ   lìngyī  ge  tàikōngcāng d  shǒudòng   duìjiē.
Zhongguor shoocih   charngshih ta d taihkongchuarn yuu  lihngyi 'ge taihkongcang d shooudohng duihjie.
China     firt time try        its  spacecraft     with another     space module   manual     docking.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Euro's big four agree growth plan=====

Euro d sì dàguó tóngyì zēngzhǎng jìhuà

Euro d sih dahguor torngyih zengzhaang jihhuah
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro d sì   dàguó       tóngyì   zēngzhǎng  jìhuà
Euro d sih  dahguor     torngyih zengzhaang jihhuah
Euro's four big country agree    growth     plan
&lt;/pre&gt;

The leaders of the Eurozone's four biggest nations, Germany, France, Italy and Spain, agree a package to boost economic output by 1%.

Eurozone 4 ge zuì dà guójiā (Déguó, Fǎguó, Italy hé Spain) d lǐngxiùmen tóngyì jīngjì zēngzhǎng 1% d jìhuà.

Eurozone 4 'ge zuih dah guorjia (Derguor, Faaguor, Italy her Spain) d liingxiuh'men torngyih jingjih zengzhaang 1% d jihhuah.
&lt;pre&gt;
Eurozone 4 ge  zuì  dà  guójiā  (Déguó,   Fǎguó,   Italy hé  Spain) d lǐngxiùmen    tóngyì   jīngjì  zēngzhǎng  1% d jìhuà.
Eurozone 4 'ge zuih dah guorjia (Derguor, Faaguor, Italy her Spain) d liingxiuh'men torngyih jingjih zengzhaang 1% d jihhuah.
Eurozone 4     most big country (Germany, France,  Italy and Spain)   leaders       agree    economy grow       1%   plan.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-23====

=====China and Brazil in currency deal=====

Zhōngguó hé Brazil d huòbì xiéyì

Zhongguor her Brazil d huohbih xieryih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  hé  Brazil d huòbì    xiéyì
Zhongguor her Brazil d huohbih  xieryih
China     and Brazil   currency agreement
&lt;/pre&gt;

China and Brazil agree a currency swap deal in a bid to safeguard against any global financial crisis and strengthen trade ties.

Zhōngguó hé Brazil dáchéng huòbì jiāohuò xiéyì, yǐ fángfàn guójì jīnróng wēijī hé jiāqiáng màoyì guānxì.

Zhongguor her Brazil darcherng huohbih jiaohuahn xieryih, yii farngfàn guorjih jinrorng weiji her jiaqiarng maohyih guanxih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  hé  Brazil dáchéng   huòbì    jiāohuò   xiéyì,     yǐ  fángfàn     guójì         jīnróng  wēijī  hé  jiāqiáng  màoyì   
Zhongguor her Brazil darcherng huohbih  jiaohuahn xieryih,   yii farngfahn   guorjih       jinrorng weiji  her jiaqiarng maohyih 
China     and Brazil reach     currency swap      agreement, to  be on guard international finance  crisis and strengten trade   

guānxì.
guanxih.
relation.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bomb blasts kill 13 at Baghdad market=====

Baghdad shìchǎng zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ 13 rén

Baghdad shihchaang zhahdahn baohzhah shasii 13 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Baghdad shìchǎng   zhàdàn   bàozhà   shāsǐ  13 rén
Baghdad shihchaang zhahdahn baohzhah shasii 13 rern
Baghdad market     bomb     blast    kill   13 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 13 people have been killed and more than 100 wounded in bombings in a busy Baghdad market, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō: Yī ge fánmáng d Baghdad shìchǎng d duōcì zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo 13 rén bèishā hé chāoguò 100 ge shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo: Yi 'ge farnmarng d Baghdad shihchaang d duocih zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 13 rern beihsha her chaoguoh 100 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Yī ge  fánmáng d   Baghdad shìchǎng d   duōcì      zhàdàn   bàozhà,   zuìshǎo   13 rén    bèishā    hé  chāoguò  
Guanfang  shuo: Yi 'ge farnmarng d Baghdad shihchaang d duocih     zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 13 rern   beihsha   her chaoguoh 
Officials say:  A      busy        Baghdad market       repeatedly bomb     blast,    at least  13 people be killed and exceed   

100 ge  shòushāng.
100 'ge shouhshang.
100     be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Taliban attack on hotel near Kabul ends=====

Taliban xiàng Kabul fùjìn jiǔdiàn d xíjī jiéshù

Taliban xiahng Kabul fuhjihn jiuudiahn d xirji jiershuh
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban xiàng  Kabul fùjìn    jiǔdiàn d   xíjī   jiéshù
Taliban xiahng Kabul fuhjihn  jiuudiahn d xirji  jiershuh
Taliban to     Kabul vicinity hotel       attack end
&lt;/pre&gt;

Afghan security forces have ended a 12-hour attack by Taliban militants on a hotel outside Kabul, in which at least 20 people died, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan bǎo'ān bùduì jiéshùle yī cì 12 xiǎoshí d zài Kabul wàimiàn yī jiān jiǔdiàn yóu Taliban wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ fādòng d xíjī, zàochéng zuìshǎo 20 rén sǐwáng.

Guanfang shuo, Afghanistan baao`an buhduih jiershuh'le yi cih 12 xiaaoshir d zaih kabul waihmiahn yi jian jiuudiahn your Taliban wuuzhuang-fehnzii fadohng d xirji, zaohcherng zuihshaao 20 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan bǎo'ān   bùduì   jiéshùle    yī cì  12 xiǎoshí d   zài  Kabul wàimiàn   yī jiān jiǔdiàn   yóu  Taliban 
Guanfang  shuo, Afghanistan baao`an  buhduih jiershuh'le yi cih 12 xiaaoshir d zaih Kabul waihmiahn yi jian jiuudiahn your Taliban 
Officials say,  Afghanistan security forces  ended       a      12-hour        at   Kabul outside   a       hotel     by   Taliban 

wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ    fādòng d  xíjī,   zàochéng   zuìshǎo   20 rén    sǐwáng.
wuuzhuang-fehnzii fadohng d xirji,  zaohcherng zuihshaao 20 rern   siiwarng.
armed-member      start     attack, cause      at least  20 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria says it downed Turkish jet=====

Syria shuō tā jīluò Turkey pēnshèjī

Syria shuo ta jiluoh Turkey penshehji
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria shuō tā jīluò      Turkey pēnshèjī
Syria shuo ta jiluoh     Turkey penshehji
Syria say  it shoot down Turkey jet aircraft
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Syrian military says it shot down a Turkish jet flying over Syrian territorial waters, according to state-run news agency Sana.

Gēnjù guóyíng tōngxùnshè Sana bàodǎo, Syria jūnfāng shuō tā jīluò yī jià fēiguò Syria lǐnghǎi d Turkey pēnqìjī.

Genjuh guoryirng tongxuhnsheh Sana baohdaao, Syria junfang shuo ta jiluoh yi jiah feiguoh Syria liinghaai d Turkey penqihji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù     guóyíng   tōngxùnshè   Sana bàodǎo,   Syria jūnfāng  shuō tā jīluò      yī jià  fēiguò   Syria lǐnghǎi d         Turkey 
Genjuh    guoryirng tongxuhnsheh Sana baohdaao, Syria junfang  shuo ta jiluoh     yi jiah feiguoh  Syria liinghaai d       Turkey 
According state-run news agency  Sana report,   Syria military say  it shoot down a       fly over Syria territorial water Turkey 

pēnqìjī.
penqihji.
jet aircraft.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-22====

=====H5N1 human pandemic &quot;possible&quot;=====

H5N1 &quot;kěnéng&quot; chéngwéi rénlèi d liúxíngbìng

H5N1 &quot;keenerng&quot; cherngweir rernleih d liurxirngbihng
&lt;pre&gt;
H5N1 &quot;kěnéng&quot;   chéngwéi   rénlèi d   liúxíngbìng
H5N1 &quot;keenerng&quot; cherngweir rernleih d liurxirngbihng
H5N1 &quot;maybe&quot;    become     human      pandemic disease
&lt;/pre&gt;

Researchers say the H5N1 bird flu virus could mutate into a form that could be spread rapidly between humans.

Yánjiū bàogào zhǐchū, H5N1 qínliúgǎn bìngdú kěnéng gǎibiàn lèixíng bìngqiě xùnsù dy zài rénlèi sànbō.

Yarnjiu baohgaoh zhiichu, H5N1 qirnliurgaan bihngdur keenerng gaaibiahn leihxirng bihngqiee xuhnsuh dy zaih rernleih sahnbo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū   bàogào   zhǐchū,    H5N1 qínliúgǎn    bìngdú   kěnéng   gǎibiàn   lèixíng   bìngqiě   xùnsù dy   zài  rénlèi   sànbō.
Yarnjiu  baohgaoh zhiichu,   H5N1 qirnliurgaan bihngdur keenerng gaaibiahn leihxirng bihngqiee xuhnsuh dy zaih rernleih sahnbo.
Research report   point out, H5N1 bird flu     virus    maybe    change    type      and       rapidly    at   human    spread.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Air France to cut 5,000 jobs by the end of 2013=====

Fǎguó Hánkōng 2013 niándǐ qián cáijiǎn 5,000 ge zhíwèi

Faaguor Harnkong 2013 niarndii qiarn cairjiaan 5,000 'ge zhirweih
&lt;pre&gt;
Fǎguó   Hánkōng  2013 niándǐ   qián   cáijiǎn   5,000 ge  zhíwèi
Faaguor Harnkong 2013 niarndii qiarn  cairjiaan 5,000 'ge zhirweih
France  aviation 2013 year-end before reduce    5,000     position
&lt;/pre&gt;

French airline Air France has announced it is to cut more than 5,000 jobs by the end of 2013 in an attempt to reduce costs and return to growth.

Fǎguó hángkōng gōngsī Air France xuānbù 2013 niándǐ qián cáijiǎn chāoguò 5,000 ge zhíwèi, shìtú jiǎnshǎo chéngběn hé huīfù zēngzhǎng.

Faaguor harngkong gongsi Air France xuanbuh 2013 niarndii qiarn cairjiaan chāoguoh 5,000 'ge zhirweih, shihtur jiaanshaao cherngbeen her huifuh zengzhaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Fǎguó   hángkōng  gōngsī  Air France xuānbù   2013 niándǐ   qián   cáijiǎn   chāoguò  5,000 ge  zhíwèi,   shìtú   jiǎnshǎo   
Faaguor harngkong gongsi  Air France xuanbuh  2013 niarndii qiarn  cairjiaan chāoguoh 5,000 'ge zhirweih, shihtur jiaanshaao 
France  aviation  company Air France announce 2013 year-end before reduce    exceed   5,000     position, attempt reduce     

chéngběn   hé  huīfù  zēngzhǎng.
cherngbeen her huifuh zengzhaang.
cost       and resume growth.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-21====

=====Libya's tribal clashes leave 105 dead=====

Libya d bùluò chōngtū zàochéng 105 rén sǐwáng

Libya d buhluoh chongtu zaohcherng 105 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya d bùluò   chōngtū zàochéng   105 rén    sǐwáng
Libya d buhluoh chongtu zaohcherng 105 rern   siiwarng
Libya's tribe   clash   cause      105 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Recent tribal clashes in western Libya left 105 people dead and some 500 injured, the government has said.

Zhèngfǔ shuō, zuìjìn Libya xībù d bùluò chōngtū zàochéng 105 rén sǐwáng hé dàyuē 500 rén shòushāng.

Zhehngfuu shuo, zuihjihn Libya xibuh d buhluoh chongtu zaohcherng 105 rern siiwarng her dahyue 500 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhèngfǔ    shuō, zuìjìn   Libya xībù d  bùluò   chōngtū zàochéng   105 rén    sǐwáng   hé  dàyuē  500 rén    shòushāng.
Zhehngfuu  shuo, zuihjihn Libya xibuh d buhluoh chongtu zaohcherng 105 rern   siiwarng her dahyue 500 rern   shouhshang.
Government say,  recent   Libya west    tribe   clash   cause      105 people die      and about  500 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan bombing: Three US troops among 21 dead in Khost=====

Afghanistan Khost zhàdàn bàozhà, 21 rén sǐwáng bāokuò 3 ge Měijūn

Afghanistan Khost zhahdahn baohzhah, 21 rern siiwarng baokuoh 3 'ge Meeijun
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan Khost zhàdàn   bàozhà,   21 rén    sǐwáng   bāokuò  3 ge  Měijūn
Afghanistan Khost zhahdahn baohzhah, 21 rern   siiwarng baokuoh 3 'ge Meeijun
Afghanistan Khost bomb     blast,    21 people die      include 3     US soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber has killed 21 people, including three US soldiers and a local interpreter, in the eastern Afghan city of Khost, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù chéngshì Khost yī ge zìshā-shì zhàdàn shāsǐ 21 rén, bāokuò 3 ge Měijūn hé yī ge dāngdì d chuányìyuán.

Guanfang shuo, Afghanistan dongbuh cherngshih Khost yi 'ge zihsha-shih zhahdahn shasii 21 rern, baokuoh 3 'ge Meeijun her yi 'ge dangdih d chuarnyihyuarn.

&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù  chéngshì   Khost yī ge  zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   shāsǐ  21 rén,    bāokuò  3 ge  Měijūn     
Guanfang  shuo, Afghanistan dongbuh cherngshih Khost yi 'ge zihsha-shih   zhahdahn shasii 21 rern,   baokuoh 3 'ge Meeijun    
Officials say,  Afghanistan east    city       Khost a      suicide-style bomb     kill   21 people, include 3     US soldier 

hé  yī ge  dāngdì d  chuányìyuán.
her yi 'ge dangdih d chuarnyihyuarn.
and a      local     interpreter.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-20====

=====Greece &quot;has coalition government&quot;=====

Greece &quot;zǔchéng liánhé zhèngfǔ&quot;

Greece &quot;zuuchenrng liarnher zhehngfuu&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Greece &quot;zǔchéng    liánhé    zhèngfǔ&quot;
Greece &quot;zuuchenrng liarnher  zhehngfuu&quot;
Greece &quot;compose    coalition government&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A deal has been struck to form a new Greek coalition government, the leader of the Greek Socialists (Pasok) says, after Sunday's elections.

Greece Shèshuìdǎng (Pasok) lǐngxiù shuō, Xīngqīrì xuǎnjǔ zhīhòu, dáchéngle zǔchéng xīn d Greece liánhé zhèngfǔ d jiāoyì.

Greece Shehhuihdaang (Pasok) liingxiuh shuo, Xingqirih xuaanjuu zhihouh, darcherng'le zuucherng xin d Greece liarnher zhehngfuu d jiaoyih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Greece Shèshuìdǎng     (Pasok) lǐngxiù   shuō, Xīngqīrì  xuǎnjǔ   zhīhòu,  dáchéngle    zǔchéng   xīn d Greece liánhé    
Greece Shehhuihdaang   (Pasok) liingxiuh shuo, Xingqirih xuaanjuu zhihouh, darcherng'le zuucherng xin d Greece liarnher  
Greece Socialist Party (Pasok) leader    say,  Sunday    election after,   reached      compose   new   Greece coalition 

zhèngfǔ d   jiāoyì.
zhehngfuu d jiaoyih.
government  deal.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Ousted Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak &quot;close to death&quot;=====

Bèi bàchù d Egypt lǐngxiù Hosni Mubarak &quot;bīnlín sǐwáng&quot;

Beih bahchuh d Egypt liingxiuh Hosni Mubarak &quot;binlirn siiwarng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Bèi  bàchù d   Egypt lǐngxiù   Hosni Mubarak &quot;bīnlín   sǐwáng&quot;
Beih bahchuh d Egypt liingxiuh Hosni Mubarak &quot;binlirn  siiwarng&quot;
Be   oust      Egypt leader    Hosni Mubarak &quot;close to death&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Reports from Cairo say former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak is critically ill and may be close to death.

Láizì Cairo d bàodǎo shuō, qián Egypt zǒngtǒng Hosni Mubarak bìngwēi, kěnéng bīnlín sǐwáng.

Lairzih Cairo d baohdaao shuo, qiarn Egypt zoongtoong Hosni Mubarak bihngwei, keenerng binlirn siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Láizì   Cairo d bàodǎo   shuō, qián   Egypt zǒngtǒng   Hosni Mubarak bìngwēi,           kěnéng   bīnlín      sǐwáng.
Lairzih Cairo d baohdaao shuo, qiarn  Egypt zoongtoong Hosni Mubarak bihngwei,          keenerng binlirn     siiwarng.
From    Cairo   report   say,  former Egypt president  Hosni Mubarak be critically ill, may      be close to death.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Militants kill Afghan policemen at Kandahar checkpoint=====

Wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ shāsǐ Kandahar jiǎncházhàn d Afghanistan jǐngchá

Wuuzhuang-fehnzii shasii Kandahar jiaancharzhahn d Afghanistan jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ    shāsǐ  Kandahar jiǎncházhàn d    Afghanistan jǐngchá
Wuuzhuang-fehnzii shasii Kandahar jiaancharzhahn d Afghanistan jiingchar
Armed-member      kill   Kandahar checkpoint       Afghanistan police
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least three policemen have been killed and six injured after militants wearing police uniforms attacked a checkpoint in the Afghan city of Kandahar, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ chuānzhe jǐngchá zhìfú xíjí Afghanistan chéngshì Kandahar d jiǎncházhàn, zuìshǎo 3 ge jǐngchá bèishā hé 6 ge shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo, wuuzhuang-fehnzii chuan'zhe jiingchar zhihfur xirji Afghanistan cherngshih Kandahar d jiaancharzhahn, zuihshaao 3 'ge jiingchar beihsha her 6 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ    chuānzhe  jǐngchá   zhìfú   xíjí   Afghanistan chéngshì   Kandahar d jiǎncházhàn,    zuìshǎo   
Guanfang  shuo, wuuzhuang-fehnzii chuan'zhe jiingchar zhihfur xirji  Afghanistan cherngshih Kandahar d jiaancharzhahn, zuihshaao 
Officials say,  armed-member      wearing   police    uniform attack Afghanistan city       Kandahar   checkpoint,     at least  

3 ge  jǐngchá   bèishā    hé  6 ge  shòushāng.
3 'ge jiingchar beihsha   her 6 'ge shouhshang.
3     police    be killed and 6     be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-19====

=====Shenzhou-9 docks with Tiangong-1=====

Shénzhōu-9 yǔ Tiāngōng-1 jiēhé

Shernzhou-9 yuu Tiangong-1 jieher
&lt;pre&gt;
Shénzhōu-9  yǔ   Tiāngōng-1 jiēhé
Shernzhou-9 yuu  Tiangong-1 jieher
Shenzhou-9  with Tiangong-1 connect
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's Shenzhou-9 capsule, with its crew of three, has docked with the Tiangong-1 space lab.

Zhōngguó d Shénzhōu-9 tàikōngcāng hé tā d 3 ge tàikōngrén yǐjīng yǔ Tiāngōng-1 tàikōng shíyànshì jiēhé.

Zhongguor d Shernzhou-9 taihkongcang her ta d 3 'ge taihkongrern yiijing yuu Tiangong-1 taihkong shiryahnshih jieher.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d  Shénzhōu-9  tàikōngcāng   hé  tā d 3 ge  tàikōngrén   yǐjīng  yǔ   Tiāngōng-1 tàikōng  shíyànshì    jiēhé.
Zhongguor d Shernzhou-9 taihkongcang  her ta d 3 'ge taihkongrern yiijing yuu  Tiangong-1 taihkong shiryahnshih jieher.
China's     Shenzhou-9  space capsule and its  3     taikonaut    already with Tiangong-1 space    lab          connect.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan gunmen kill Nato soldier=====

Afghanistan qiāngshǒu shāsǐ Nato shìbīng

Afghanistan qiangshoou shasii Nato shihbing
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan qiāngshǒu  shāsǐ  Nato shìbīng
Afghanistan qiangshoou shasii Nato shihbing
Afghanistan gunman     kill   Nato soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Nato soldier in eastern Afghanistan has been shot dead by three men in Afghan police uniform, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù yī ge Nato shìbīng bèi 3 ge chuānzhe Afghanistan jǐngchá zhìfú d nánrén shèshā.

Guanfang shuo, Afghanistan dongbuh yi 'ge Nato shihbing beih 3 'ge chuan'zhe Afghanistan jiingchar zhihfur d narnrern shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù  yī ge  Nato shìbīng  bèi  3 ge  chuānzhe  Afghanistan jǐngchá   zhìfú d   nánrén   
Guanfang  shuo, Afghanistan dongbuh yi 'ge Nato shihbing beih 3 'ge chuan'zhe Afghanistan jiingchar zhihfur d narnrern 
Officials say,  Afghanistan east    a      Nato soldier  be   3     wearing   Afghanistan police    uniform   man      

shèshā.
shehsha.
kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Funeral blast kills 15 in Iraq=====

Iraq sānglǐ bàozhà shāsǐ 15 rén

Iraq sanglii baohzhah shasii 15 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq sānglǐ  bàozhà   shāsǐ  15 rén
Iraq sanglii baohzhah shasii 15 rern
Iraq funeral blast    kill   15 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bombing kills at least 15 people at a funeral in Iraq, officials say, in the latest of a wave of attacks targeting Iraq's Shias.

Guānfāng shuō, zài yīxìliè zhēnduì Iraq Shiah-pài d zuì xīn xíjī zhōng, Iraq yī cì sānglǐ d zìshā-shì zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ zhìshǎo 15 rén.

Guanfang shuo, zaih yixihlieh zhenduih Iraq Shiah-paih d zuih xin xirji zhong, Iraq yi cih sanglii d zihsha-shih zhahdahn baohzhah shasii zhihshaao 15 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zài yīxìliè      zhēnduì  Iraq Shiah-pài d     zuì  xīn xíjī   zhōng,  Iraq yī cì  sānglǐ d  zìshā-shì     
Guanfang  shuo, zaih yixihlieh   zhenduih Iraq Shiah-paih d    zuih xin xirji  zhong,  Iraq yi cih sanglii d zihsha-shih   
Officials say,  at   a series of aim at   Iraq Shiah-faction's most new attack within, Iraq a      funeral's suicide-style 

zhàdàn   bàozhà   shāsǐ  zhìshǎo   15 rén.
zhahdahn baohzhah shasii zhihshaao 15 rern.
bomb     blast    kill   at least  15 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-18====

=====Top Yemen general dies in attack=====

Gāojí Yemen jiāngjūn bèi xíjī sǐwáng

Gaojir Yemen jiangjun beih xirji siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Gāojí  Yemen jiāngjūn bèi xíjī    sǐwáng
Gaojir Yemen jiangjun beih xirji  siiwarng
Top    Yemen general  be attacked die
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Yemeni army commander leading the fight against militants in the south of the country has been killed in a suicide attack, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, zài Yemen nánbù lǐngdǎo yǔ wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ zhàndòu d sīlìng zài yī cì zìshā-shì xíjī zhōng bèishā.

Guanfang shuo, zaih Yemen narnbuh liingdaao yuu wuuzhuang-fehnzii zhahndouh d silihng zaih yi cih zihsha-shih xirji zhong beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zài  Yemen nánbù   lǐngdǎo   yǔ   wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ    zhàndòu d   sīlìng    zài  yī cì  zìshā-shì     xíjī   zhōng  
Guanfang  shuo, zaih Yemen narnbuh liingdaao yuu  wuuzhuang-fehnzii zhahndouh d silihng   zaih yi cih zihsha-shih   xirji  zhong  
Officials say,  at   Yemen south   lead      with armed-member      fighting    commander at   a      suicide-style attack during 

bèishā.
beihsha.
be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Dozens dead in Nigerian violence=====

Nigeria bàolì shìjiàn, jǐshí rén sǐwáng

Nigeria baohlih shihjiahn, jiishir rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria bàolì    shìjiàn,   jǐshí        rén    sǐwáng
Nigeria baohlih  shihjiahn, jiishir      rern   siiwarng
Nigeria violence incident,  several tens people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 36 people are killed in multiple blasts at several churches in northern Nigeria and in subsequent rioting, reports say.

Bàodǎo shuō, Nigeria běibù jǐ jiān jiàotáng d duōcì bàozhà hé hòulái d bàoluàn, zuìshǎo 36 rén bèishā.

Baohdaao shuo, Nigeria beeibuh jii jian jiaohtarng d duocih baohzhah her houhlair d baohluahn, zuihshaao 36 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Bàodǎo   shuō, Nigeria běibù   jǐ  jiān jiàotáng   d duōcì    bàozhà   hé  hòulái d   bàoluàn,   zuìshǎo   36 rén    bèishā.
Baohdaao shuo, Nigeria beeibuh jii jian jiaohtarng d duocih   baohzhah her houhlair d baohluahn, zuihshaao 36 rern   beihsha.
Report   say,  Nigeria north   several  church       multiple blast    and later      riot,      at least  36 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Burger King to open 1,000 restaurants in China=====

Burger King zài Zhōngguó kāi 1,000 jiān cāntīng

Burger King zaih Zhongguor kai 1,000 jian canting
&lt;pre&gt;
Burger King zài  Zhōngguó  kāi  1,000 jiān cāntīng
Burger King zaih Zhongguor kai  1,000 jian canting
Burger King at   China     open 1,000      restaurant
&lt;/pre&gt;

Fast-food giant Burger King has said it will open 1,000 restaurants in China over the next five to seven years.

Kuàicān jùrén Burger King shuō tā huì 5 zhì 7 nián nèi zài Zhōngguó kāi 1,000 jiān cāntīng.

Kuàicān juhrern Burger King shuo ta huih 5 zhìh 7 niarn neih zaih Zhongguor kai 1,000 jian canting.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kuàicān   jùrén   Burger King shuō tā huì  5 zhì  7 nián  nèi    zài  Zhōngguó  kāi  1,000 jiān cāntīng.
Kuàicān   juhrern Burger King shuo ta huih 5 zhìh 7 niarn neih   zaih Zhongguor kai  1,000 jian canting.
Fast-food giant   Burger King say  it will 5 to   7 year  within at   China     open 1,000      restaurant.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-17====

=====Deadly bus bombing in Pakistan=====

Pakistan zhìmìng bus zhàdàn bàozhà

Pakistan zhihmihng bus zhahdahn baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan zhìmìng   bus zhàdàn   bàozhà
Pakistan zhihmihng bus zhahdahn baohzhah
Pakistan deadly    bus bomb     explosion
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb on a bus in north-western Pakistan has killed at least 22 people, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan xīběibù yī ge bus shang d zhàdàn shāsǐ zhìshǎo 22 rén.

Guanfang shuo, Pakistan xibeeibuh yi 'ge bus 'shang d zhahdahn shasii zhihshaao 22 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan xīběibù   yī ge  bus shang d  zhàdàn   shāsǐ  zhìshǎo   22 rén.
Guanfang shuo, Pakistan xibeeibuh yi 'ge bus 'shang d zhahdahn shasii zhihshaao 22 rern.
Officials say, Pakistan northwest a      bus on       bomb     kill   at least  22 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Baghdad car bombings target Shiah=====

Baghdad qìchē zhàdàn xíjī Shiah-pài

Baghdad qihche zhahdahn xirji Shiah-paih
&lt;pre&gt;
Baghdad qìchē  zhàdàn   xíjī   Shiah-pài
Baghdad qihche zhahdahn xirji  Shiah-paih
Baghdad car    bomb     attack Shiah-group
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two separate car bomb attacks targeting Shiah Muslim pilgrims in the Iraqi capital, Baghdad, have killed at least 32 people, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Iraq shǒudū Baghdad liǎng cì fēnbié d qìchē zhàdàn xíjī Shiah-pài Muslim cháoshēngzhě, shāsǐ zhìshǎo 32 rén.

Guanfang shuo, Iraq shooudu Baghdad liaang cih fenbier d qihche zhahdahn xirji Shiah-paih Muslim chaorshehngzhee, shasii zhihshaao 32 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad liǎng cì   fēnbié d  qìchē  zhàdàn   xíjī   Shiah-pài   Muslim cháoshēngzhě,    shāsǐ  
Guanfang  shuo, Iraq shooudu Baghdad liaang cih fenbier d qihche zhahdahn xirji  Shiah-paih  Muslim chaorshehngzhee, shasii 
Officials say,  Iraq capital Baghdad two        separate  car    bomb     attack Shiah-group Muslim pilgrim,         kill   

zhìshǎo   32 rén.
zhihshaao 32 rern.
at least  32 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-16====

=====China launches woman into space=====

Zhōngguó sòng nǚ-tàikōngrén jìnrù tàikōng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó sòng nǚ-tàikōngrén    jìnrù tàikōng
China    send female-taikonaut into  space
&lt;/pre&gt;

China sends its first woman into space as 33-year-old fighter pilot Liu Yang is one of three astronauts travelling to the orbiting Tiangong space lab.

Zhōngguó sòng tā d dì-1 ge nǚrén jìnrù tàikōng, 33 suì d zhàndòujī fēixíngyuán Liú Yáng, shì fēixiàng wéirào guǐdào d Tiāngōng tàikōng shíyànshì d 3 ge tàikōngrén zhīyī.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó sòng tā d dì-1 ge nǚrén jìnrù tàikōng, 33 suì d       zhàndòujī fēixíngyuán Liú Yáng, shì fēixiàng wéirào      guǐdào d 
China    send its  first   woman into  space,   33 year of age fighter   pilot       Liu Yang, is  fly to   move around orbit    

Tiāngōng tàikōng shíyànshì d 3 ge tàikōngrén zhīyī.
Tiangong space   lab         3    taikonaut  one of.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UN says Syria peace hopes fading=====

UN shuō Syria hépíng xīwàng miǎowáng
&lt;pre&gt;
UN shuō Syria hépíng xīwàng miǎománg
UN say  Syria peace  hope   vague
&lt;/pre&gt;

The head of the UN Supervision Mission in Syria warns that both sides are pushing towards military advances rather than a peaceful transition.

Zài Syria d UN Jiāndū Dàibiǎotuán fùzérén jǐnggào, shuāngfāng dōu zài jūnshì tuījìn érbushì zǒuxiàng hépíng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài Syria d UN Jiāndū      Dàibiǎotuán fùzérén          jǐnggào, shuāngfāng dōu zài jūnshì   tuījìn  érbushì zǒuxiàng    hépíng.
At  Syria   UN Supervision Mission     person in charge warn,    both sides all at  military push on but not move toward peace.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-15====

=====China to see first woman in space=====

Zhōngguó dì-1 ge nǚ-tàikōngrén
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó dì-1 ge nǚ-tàikōngrén
China    first   female astronaut
&lt;/pre&gt;

China has named the female astronaut, Liu Yang, who is set to become the nation's first woman in space when the Shenzhou 9 spacecraft launches on Saturday.

Zhōngguó xuānbù nǚ-tàikōngrén Liú Yáng, dāng tàikōngchuán Shénzhōu 9 zài Xīngqīliù shēngkōng, tā jiānghuì chéngwéi guójiā d dì-1 ge nǚ-tàikōngrén.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó xuānbù   nǚ-tàikōngrén    Liú Yáng, dāng tàikōngchuán Shénzhōu 9 zài Xīngqīliù shēngkōng,       tā  jiānghuì chéngwéi 
China    announce female astronaut Liu Yang, when spacecraft   Shenzhou 9 at  Saturday  rise to the sky, she will     become   

guójiā-d dì-1 ge nǚ-tàikōngrén.
nation's first   female astronaunt.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Alzheimer's gene &quot;diabetes link&quot;=====

Chīdāizhèng d jīyīn &quot;yǔ tángniàobìng yǒuguān&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Chīdāizhèng d jīyīn &quot;yǔ tángniàobìng yǒuguān&quot;
Dementia's    gene  &quot;with diabetes   relate&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Scientists say they have identified a possible genetic link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.

Kēxuéjiā fāxiàn tángniàobìng hé chīdāizhèng zhījiān kěnéng yǒu jīyīn d liánxì.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kēxuéjiā  fāxiàn   tángniàobìng hé  chīdāizhèng zhījiān  kěnéng yǒu  jīyīn d liánxì.
Scientist discover diabetes     and dementia    -between maybe  have gene's  link.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Gaza water too contaminated to drink, say charities=====

慈善 机构 说，Gaza 的 饮用水 太 污染

Císhàn jīgòu shuō, Gaza d yǐnyòngshuǐ tài wūrǎn
&lt;pre&gt;
Císhàn  jīgòu        shuō, Gaza d yǐnyòngshuǐ        tài wūrǎn
Charity organization say,  Gaza   water for drinking too contaminate
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gaza's only fresh source of water is too dangerous to drink because of contamination by fertiliser and human waste, a new report says.

新 的 报告 指出，Gaza 唯一 淡水 来源，因为 被 肥料 和 人类 废物 污染，饮用 很 危险。

Xīn d bàogào zhǐchū, Gaza wéiyī dànshuǐ láiyuán, yīnwèi bèi féiliào hé rénlèi fèiwù wūrán, yǐnyòng hěn wēixiǎn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Xīn d bàogào zhǐchū,    Gaza wéiyī dànshuǐ     láiyuán, yīnwèi  bèi féiliào    hé  rénlèi fèiwù wūrán,       yǐnyòng  hěn  wēixiǎn.
New   report point out, Gaza only  fresh water source,  because be  fertiliser and human  waste contaminate, to drink very danger.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-14====

=====Iraq: wave of bomb attacks &quot;kill 84&quot;=====

Iraq：一系列 炸弹 袭击 “杀死 84 人”

Iraq: yīxìliè zhàdàn xíjī &quot;shāsǐ 84 rén&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq: yīxìliè     zhàdàn xíjī   &quot;shāsǐ 84 rén&quot;
Iraq: a series of bomb   attack &quot;kill  84 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A wave of bombings across Iraq - including 10 locations in Baghdad - kills at least 84 people and wounds nearly 300, Iraqi police say.

Iraq 警方 说，遍布 Iraq 的 一系列 炸弹 爆炸 - 包括 Baghdad 的 10 个 地点 - 杀死 最少 84 人 和 大约 300 人 受伤。

Iraq jǐngfāng shuō, biànbù Iraq d yīxìliè zhàdàn bàozhà - bāokuò Baghdad d 10 ge dìdiǎn - shāsǐ zuìshǎo 84 rén hé dàyuē 300 rén shòushāng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq jǐngfāng shuō, biànbù          Iraq d yīxìliè     zhàdàn bàozhà -    bāokuò  Baghdad d 10 ge dìdiǎn - shāsǐ zuìshǎo  84 
Iraq police   say,  spread all over Iraq   a series of bomb   explosion - include Baghdad's 10    locale - kill  at least 84 

rén    hé  dàyuē 300 rén    shòushāng.
people and about 300 people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-13====

=====Diesel fumes cause cancer - WHO=====

Cháiyóu yānwù yǐnzhì áizhèng - WHO
&lt;pre&gt;
Cháiyóu yānwù yǐnzhì áizhèng - WHO
Diesel  fume  cause  cancer  - WHO
&lt;/pre&gt;

Exhaust fumes from diesel engines do cause cancer, a panel of experts working for the World Health Organization says.

Shìjiè Wèishēng Zǔzhī d zhuānjiā xiǎozǔ shuō, cáiyóujī fèiqì yǐnzhì áizhèng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shìjiè Wèishēng Zǔzhī d      zhuānjiā xiǎozǔ shuō, cháiyóujī     fèiqì       yǐnzhì áizhèng.
World  Hygiene  Organization expert   group  say,  diesel engine exhaust gas cause  cancer.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Syria in civil war, says UN official Herve Ladsous=====

UN guānyuán Herve Ladsous shuō, Syria chǔyú nèizhàn zhuàngtài
&lt;pre&gt;
UN guānyuán Herve Ladsous shuō, Syria chǔyú nèizhàn   zhuàngtài
UN official Herve Ladsous say,  Syria be in civil war condition
&lt;/pre&gt;

Syria is now in a state of civil war and the government has lost control of &quot;large chunks&quot; of cities, the UN's head of peacekeeping has told reporters.

UN d wéihé lǐngdǎorén gàosù jìzhě, Syria xiànzài chǔyú nèizhàn zhuàngtài, zhèngfǔ yǐjīng bùnéng kòngzhì &quot;hěn duō&quot; chéngshì.
&lt;pre&gt;
UN d wéihé        lǐngdǎorén gàosù jìzhě,    Syria xiànzài chǔyú nèizhàn   zhuàngtài, zhèngfǔ    yǐjīng  bùnéng kòngzhì 
UN's peacekeeping leader     tell  reporter, Syria now     be in civil war condition, government already cannot control 

&quot;hěn  duō&quot;  chéngshì.
&quot;very many&quot; city.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-12====

=====Afghan earthquakes &quot;killed 80&quot;=====

Afghanistan dìzhèn &quot;80 rén sǐwáng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan dìzhèn     &quot;80 rén    sǐwáng&quot;
Afghanistan earthquake &quot;80 people die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

More than 80 people are believed to have been killed in a landslide triggered by two quakes in northern Afghanistan on Monday, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Xīngqīyī Afganistan běibù liǎng cì dìzhèn yǐnfā shānbēng, chāoguò 80 rén xiāngxìn yǐjīng sǐwáng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Xīngqīyī Afganistan  běibù liǎng cì dìzhèn     yǐnfā   shānbēng,  chāoguò 80 rén    xiāngxìn yǐjīng  sǐwáng.
Officials say,  Monday   Afghanistan north two      earthquake trigger landslide, exceed  80 people believe  already die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Eight killed in Afghanistan bomb blasts=====

Afghanistan zhàdàn bàozhà 8 rén bèishā
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zhàdàn bàozhà 8 rén    bèishā
Afghanistan bomb   blast  8 people be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least eight civilians, including two children, have been killed in two bomb attacks in Afghanistan, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan liǎng cì zhàdàn xíjī, zuìshǎo 8 ge píngmín bāokuò liǎng ge értóng bèishā.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan liǎng cì zhàdàn xíjī, zuìshǎo  8 ge píngmín  bāokuò  liǎng ge értóng bèishā.
Officials say,  Afghanistan two      bomb attack, at least 8    civilian include two      child  be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====People &quot;taking more food risks&quot;=====

Rénmen &quot;màozhe gèng dà d shíwù fēngxiǎn&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Rénmen &quot;màozhe         gèng dà d shíwù fēngxiǎn&quot;
People &quot;at the risk of more big  food  risks&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

People are taking more risks with their food as finances become tighter, a Food Standards Agency survey suggests.

Shíwù Guīgé Jīgòu diàochá xiǎnshì, yóuyú jīngfèi jǐnquè, rénmen màozhe gèng dà d shíwù fēngxiǎn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shíwù Guīgé     Jīgòu  diàochá xiǎnshì, yóuyú   jīngfèi  jǐnquè, rénmen màozhe         gèng dà d shíwù fēngxiǎn.
Food  Standards Agency survey  show,    because finances tight,  people at the risk of more big  food  risks.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-11====

=====Bike bomb kills six in Pakistan's Balochistan province=====

Pakistan Balochistan shěng diàndānchē zhàdàn shāsǐ 6 rén
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan Balochistan shěng    diàndānchē zhàdàn shāsǐ 6 rén
Pakistan Balochistan province motorbike  bomb   kill  6 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb planted on a motorbike has killed six bus passengers and injured 40 others in the restive Pakistani province of Balochistan, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, zài Pakistan bù wěndìng d shěngfèn Balochistan, yī ge ānzhuāng zài mótuōchē shang d zhàdàn shāsǐ 6 ge bus chéngkè hé lìngwài 40 rén shòushāng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zài Pakistan bù wěndìng d shěngfèn Balochistan, yī ge ānzhuāng zài mótuōchē  shang d zhàdàn shāsǐ 6 ge 
Officials say,  at  Pakistan unstable     province Balochistan, a     install  at  motorbike -on     bomb   kill  6    

bus chéngkè   hé  lìngwài     40 rén    shòushāng.
bus passenger and in addition 40 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Iraqi mortar attack near Shia shrine kills four=====

Iraq Shia shèngdì fùjìn pǎijīpào xíjī, shāsǐ 4 rén
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq Shia shèngdì fùjìn    pǎijīpào xíjī,   shāsǐ 4 rén
Iraq Shia shrine  vicinity mortar   attack, kill  4 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least four people have been killed and 30 injured in a mortar attack in the Iraqi capital, Baghdad.

Iraq shǒudū Baghdad pǎijīpào xíjī, zuìshǎo 4 rén bèishā hé 30 rén shòushāng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad pǎijīpào xíjī,   zuìshǎo  4 rén    bèishā    hé  30 rén    shòushāng.
Iraq capital Baghdad mortar   attack, at least 4 people be killed and 30 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====At least 16 killed in two days of Libya clashes=====

Libya liǎng tiān d chōngtū, zuìshǎo 16 rén bèishā
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya liǎng tiān d chōngtū, zuìshǎo  16 rén    bèishā
Libya two   day    clash,   at least 16 people be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

Fighting between government forces and tribal fighters in the southern Libyan town of Kufra has continued for a second day, officials said.

Guānfāng shuō, zài Libya nánbù shìzhèn Kufra, zhèngfǔjūn hé bùluò zhànshì zhījiān d zhàndòu chíxù dào dì-2 tiān.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zài Libya nánbù shìzhèn Kufra, zhèngfǔjūn      hé  bùluò zhànshì zhījiān  d zhàndòu  chíxù    dào dì-2   tiān.
Officials say,  at  Libya south town    Kufra, government army and tribe fighter -between   fighting continue to  second day.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Emergency declared in west Myanmar=====

Myanmar xībù xuānbù jǐnjí zhuàngtài
&lt;pre&gt;
Myanmar xībù xuānbù  jǐnjí     zhuàngtài
Myanmar west declare emergency state
&lt;/pre&gt;

Myanmar's president imposes a state of emergency in western Rakhine state following a week of deadly sectarian clashes between Buddhists and Muslims.

Zài Fójiàtú hé Muslim zhījiān d zhìmìng zōngjiào chōngtū yī xīngqī zhīhòu, Myanmar zǒngtǒng xuānbù xībù d Rakhine zhōu jìnrù jǐnjí zhuàngtài.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài Fójiàtú  hé  Muslim zhījiān  d zhìmìng zōngjiào chōngtū yī xīngqī zhīhòu, Myanmar zǒngtǒng  xuānbù  xībù d Rakhine zhōu  jìnrù 
At  Buddhist and Muslim -between   deadly  religion clash   a  week   -after, Myanmar president declare west's Rakhine state enter 

jǐnjí     zhuàngtài.
emergency state.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-10====

=====Gunmen attack Nigerian churches=====

Qiāngshǒu xíjī Nigeria jiàotáng
&lt;pre&gt;
Qiāngshǒu xíjī   Nigeria jiàotáng
Gunman    attack Nigeria church
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen in Nigeria attack two churches during Sunday services, causing a number of casualties, reports say.

Bàodǎo shuō, Nigeria qiāngshǒu xíjī liǎng jiān zài jǔxíng Xīngqīrì chóngpài d jiàotáng, zàochéng xǔduō shāngwáng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Bàodǎo shuō, Nigeria qiāngshǒu xíjī   liǎng jiān zài jǔxíng Xīngqīrì chóngpài d jiàotáng, zàochéng xǔduō shāngwáng.
Report say,  Nigeria gunman    attack two        at  hold   Sunday   worship    church,   cause    many  casualty.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China plans new manned space flight=====

Zhōngguó jìhuà xīn d zàirén tàikòng fēixíng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó jìhuà   xīn d zàirén tàikòng fēixíng
China    to plan new   manned space   flight
&lt;/pre&gt;

China is set to carry out its fourth manned space flight, sending astronauts to work on its space station project.

Zhōngguó jìhuà jìnxíng dì-4 cì zàirén tàikōng fēixíng, sòng tàikōngrén dào tā d tàikōngzhàn xiàngmù gōngzuò.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó jìhuà   jìnxíng   dì-4 cì zàirén tàikōng fēixíng, sòng tàikōngrén dào tā d tàikōngzhàn   xiàngmù gōngzuò.
China    to plan carry out fourth  manned space   flight,  send astronaut  to  its  space station project to work.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====French troops killed by Taliban=====

Taliban shāsǐ Fǎguó jūnrén

Taliban shasii Faaguor junrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban shāsǐ  Fǎguó   jūnrén
Taliban shasii Faaguor junrern
Taliban kill   France  soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

France says four of its soldiers have been killed and five others wounded in an attack in eastern Afghanistan.

Fǎguó shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù yī cì xíjī shāsǐ 4 ge shìbīng hé lìngwài 5 ge shòushāng.

Faaguor shuo, Afghanistan dongbuh yi cih xirji shasii 4 'ge shihbing her lihngwaih 5 'ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Fǎguó   shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù  yī cì  xíjī   shāsǐ  4 ge  shìbīng  hé  lìngwài     5 ge  shòushāng.
Faaguor shuo, Afghanistan dongbuh yi cih xirji  shasii 4 'ge shihbing her lihngwaih   5 'ge shouhshang.
France  say,  Afghanistan east    a      attack kill   4     soldier  and in addition 5     be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-09====

=====Nato apologizes for Afghan civilian deaths in Logar=====

Nato wèi Logar d Afghanistan píngmín sǐwáng dàoqiàn

Nato weih Logar d Afghanistan pirngmirn siiwarng daohqiahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato wèi  Logar d Afghanistan píngmín   sǐwáng   dàoqiàn
Nato weih Logar d Afghanistan pirngmirn siiwarng daohqiahn
Nato for  Logar's Afghanistan civilian  death    apologize
&lt;/pre&gt;

The commander of international forces in Afghanistan Gen John Allen has apologized for civilian deaths in an air strike on Wednesday.

Zài Afganistan d guójì bùduì sīlìng John Allen Jiāngjūn wèi Xīngqīsān kōngxí d píngmín sǐwáng dàoqiàn.

Zaih Afghanistan d guorjih buhduih silihng John Allen Jiangjun weih Xingqisan kongxir d pirngmirn siiwarng daohqiahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài  Afganistan  d guójì         bùduì   sīlìng    John Allen Jiāngjūn wèi  Xīngqīsān kōngxí     d píngmín   sǐwáng   dàoqiàn.
Zaih Afghanistan d guorjih       buhduih silihng   John Allen Jiangjun weih Xingqisan kongxir    d pirngmirn siiwarng daohqiahn.
At   Afghanistan   international forces  commander John Allen General  for  Wednesday air strike   civilian  death    apologize.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Côte d'Ivoire ambush: Seven UN peacekeepers killed=====

Côte d'Ivoire máifu: 7 ge UN hépíng-wéichí shìbīng bèishā

Côte d'Ivoire mair'fu: 7 'ge UN herpirng-weirchir shihbing beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Côte d'Ivoire máifu:   7 ge  UN hépíng-wéichí     shìbīng  bèishā
Côte d'Ivoire mair'fu: 7 'ge UN herpirng-weirchir shihbing beihsha
Côte d'Ivoire ambush:  7     UN peacekeeping      soldier  be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

Seven UN peacekeepers from Niger have been killed in an ambush in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire, the UN has said.

UN shuō, 7 ge láizì Niger d UN hépíng-wéichí shìbīng zài Côte d'Ivoire nánbù yī cì máifu bèishā.

UN shuo, 7 'ge lairzih Niger d UN herpirng-weirchir shihbing zaih Côte d'Ivoire narnbuh yi cih mair'fu beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
UN shuō, 7 ge  láizì     Niger d UN hépíng-wéichí     shìbīng  zài  Côte d'Ivoire nánbù   yī cì  máifu   bèishā.
UN shuo, 7 'ge lairzih   Niger d UN herpirng-weirchir shihbing zaih Côte d'Ivoire narnbuh yi cih mair'fu beihsha.
UN say,  7     come from Niger   UN peacekeeping      soldier  at   Côte d'Ivoire south   a      ambush  be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Nigeria: Maiduguri police HQ bomb kills five=====

Nigeria: Maiduguri jǐngchá zǒngbù zhàdàn shāsǐ 5 rén

Nigeria: Maiduguri jiingchar zoongbuh zhahdahn shasii 5 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria: Maiduguri jǐngchá   zǒngbù   zhàdàn   shāsǐ  5 rén
Nigeria: Maiduguri jiingchar zoongbuh zhahdahn shasii 5 rern
Nigeria: Maiduguri police    HQ       bomb     kill   5 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide car bomb outside police headquarters in the north-eastern Nigerian city of Maiduguri has killed at least five people, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, Nigeria dōngběibù chéngshì Maiduguri jǐngchá zǒngbù wàimian yī ge zìshā-shì qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ zuìshǎo 5 rén.

Jiingfang shuo, Nigeria dongbeeibuh cherngshih Maiduguri jiingchar zoongbuh waih'mian yi 'ge zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 5 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng  shuō, Nigeria dōngběibù   chéngshì   Maiduguri jǐngchá   zǒngbù   wàimian   yī ge  zìshā-shì     qìchē  zhàdàn   shāsǐ  
Jiingfang shuo, Nigeria dongbeeibuh cherngshih Maiduguri jiingchar zoongbuh waih'mian yi 'ge zihsha-shih   qihche zhahdahn shasii 
Police    say,  Nigeria northeast   city       Maiduguri police    HQ       outside   a      suicide-style car    bomb     kill   

zuìshǎo   5 rén.
zuihshaao 5 rern.
at least  5 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-08====

=====Fatal bomb attack on Pakistan bus=====

Zhìmìng zhàdàn xíjī Pakistan bus

Zhihmihng zhahdahn xirji Pakistan bus
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmìng   zhàdàn   xíjī   Pakistan bus
Zhihmihng zhahdahn xirji  Pakistan bus
Fatal     bomb     attack Pakistan bus
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 18 people are killed in a bomb attack on a bus carrying government employees in north west Pakistan, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, zhàdàn xíjī Pakistan xīběibù yī jià zàizhe zhèngfǔ gùyuán d bus, zuìshǎo 18 rén bèishā.

Jiingfang shuo, zhahdahn xirji Pakistan xibeeibuh yi jiah zaih'zhe zhehngfuu guhyuarn d bus, zuihshaao 18 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng  shuō, zhàdàn   xíjī   Pakistan xīběibù   yī jià  zàizhe   zhèngfǔ    gùyuán   d bus, zuìshǎo   18 rén    bèishā.
Jiingfang shuo, zhahdahn xirji  Pakistan xibeeibuh yi jiah zaih'zhe zhehngfuu  guhyuarn d bus, zuihshaao 18 rern   beihsha.
Police    say,  bomb     attack Pakistan northwest a       carrying government employee   bus, at least  18 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Merkel urges EU political union=====

Merkel tuījìn EU zhèngzhì liánméng

Merkel tuijihn EU zhehngzhih liarnmerng
&lt;pre&gt;
Merkel tuījìn  EU zhèngzhì   liánméng
Merkel tuijihn EU zhehngzhih liarnmerng
Merke  urge    EU politics   union
&lt;/pre&gt;

German Chancellor Angela Merkel says the EU needs a political union even if it means some countries integrating faster than others.

Germany Zǒnglǐ Angela Merkel shuo, EU xūyào zhèngzhì liánméng, yīxiē guójiā d yītǐhuà kěyǐ kuàidianr.

Germany zoonglii Angela Merkel shuo, EU xuyaoh zhehngzhih liarnmerng, yixie guorjia d yitiihuah keeyii kuaih'dian'r.
&lt;pre&gt;
Germany Zǒnglǐ     Angela Merkel shuo, EU xūyào  zhèngzhì   liánméng,   yīxiē guójiā  d yītǐhuà     kěyǐ   kuàidianr.
Germany zoonglii   Angela Merkel shuo, EU xuyaoh zhehngzhih liarnmerng, yixie guorjia d yitiihuah   keeyii kuaih'dian'r.
Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel say,  EU need   politics   union,      some  country's integration may    faster.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China cuts rates as growth slows=====

China jiǎnxī cìjī jīngjì

Zhōngguó jiaanxi qihji jingjih
&lt;pre&gt;
China    jiǎnxī                  cìjī jīngjì
Zhōngguó jiaanxi                 cihji jingjih
China    lower the interest rate stimulate economy
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Chinese central bank cuts its key interest rates for the first time since 2008, in an attempt to boost slowing economic growth.

2008 nián yǐlái Zhōngguó zhōngyāng yínháng shǒucì jiàngdī zhǔyào lìlǜ, chángshì cìjī huǎnmàn d jīngjì zēngzhǎng.

2008 niarn yiilair Zhongguor zhongyang yirnharng shooucih jiahngdi zhuuyaoh lihlvh, charngshih cihji huaanmahn d jingjih zengzhaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
2008 nián  yǐlái   Zhōngguó  zhōngyāng yínháng   shǒucì     jiàngdī  zhǔyào   lìlǜ,           chángshì   cìjī  huǎnmàn   d jīngjì  
2008 niarn yiilair Zhongguor zhongyang yirnharng shooucih   jiahngdi zhuuyaoh lihlvh,         charngshih cihji huaanmahn d jingjih 
2008 year  -since  China     central   bank      first time reduce   main     interest rate,  try        boody slow        economy 

zēngzhǎng.
zengzhaang.
growth.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan religious school blast=====

Pakistan zōngjiào xuéxiào bàozhà

Pakistan zongjiaoh xuerxiaoh baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan zōngjiào  xuéxiào   bàozhà
Pakistan zongjiaoh xuerxiaoh baohzhah
Pakistan religious school    blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least eight people are killed, including children, in a blast outside a religious school in Quetta, Pakistan, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan Quetta yī jiān zōngjiào xuéxiào wàimiàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo 8 rén bèishā, bāokuò értóng.

Guanfang shuo, Pakistan Quetta yi jian zongjiaoh xuerxiaoh waihmiahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 8 rern beihsha, baokuoh errtorng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan Quetta yī jiān zōngjiào  xuéxiào   wàimiàn   bàozhà,   zuìshǎo   8 rén    bèishā,    bāokuò  értóng.
Guanfang shuo, Pakistan Quetta yi jian zongjiaoh xuerxiaoh waihmiahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 8 rern   beihsha,   baokuoh errtorng.
Officials say, Pakistan Quetta a       religious school    outside   blast,    at least  8 people be killed, include child.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-07====

=====Nato air strike kills civilians=====

Nato kōngxí shāsǐ píngmín

Nato kongxir shasii pirngmirn
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato kōngxí     shāsǐ  píngmín
Nato kongxir    shasii pirngmirn
Nato air strike kill   civilian
&lt;/pre&gt;

Afghan officials said 18 civilians died, including women and children.

Afghanistan guānfāng shuō 18 ge píngmín sǐwáng, bàokuò fùnǔ hé értóng.

Afghanistan guanfang shuo 18 'ge pirngmirn siiwarng, baokuoh fuhnvv her errtorng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan guānfāng  shuō 18 ge  píngmín   sǐwáng,   bàokuò  fùnǔ   hé  értóng.
Afghanistan guanfang  shuo 18 'ge pirngmirn siiwarng, baokuoh fuhnvv her errtorng.
Afghanistan officials say  18     civilian  die,      include woman  and child.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China and Russia lead group talks focused on security=====

Zhōngguó hé Russia lǐngdǎo d tuántǐ huìtán jízhōng tǎolùn ānquán wèntí

Zhongguor her Russia liingdaao d tuarntii huihtarn jirzhong taaoluhn anquarn wehtir
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  hé  Russia lǐngdǎo   d tuántǐ   huìtán   jízhōng  tǎolùn   ānquán   wèntí
Zhongguor her Russia liingdaao d tuarntii huihtarn jirzhong taaoluhn anquarn  wehtir
China     and Russia lead        group    talks    focus    discuss  security issue
&lt;/pre&gt;

The leaders of China, Russia and four central Asian countries are meeting in Beijing to discuss the conflict of Afghanistan and other security issues.

Zhōngguó, Russia hé 4 ge Yàzhōu zhōngbù guójiā d lǐngxiùmen zài Běijīng kāihuì tǎolùn Afghanistan d chōngtū hé qítā d ānquán wèntí.

Zhongguor, Russia her 4 'ge Yahzhou zhongbuh guorjia d liingxiuh'men zaih Beeijing kaihuih taaoluhn Afghanistan d chongtu her qirta d anquarn wehntir.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó,  Russia hé  4 ge  Yàzhōu  zhōngbù         guójiā  d lǐngxiùmen    zài  Běijīng  kāihuì  tǎolùn   Afghanistan d chōngtū  
Zhongguor, Russia her 4 'ge Yahzhou zhongbuh        guorjia d liingxiuh'men zaih Beeijing kaihuih taaoluhn Afghanistan d chongtu  
China,     Russia and 4     Asia    central section country   leaders       at   Beijing  meeting discuss  Afghanistan's conflict 

hé  qítā  d ānquán   wèntí.
her qirta d anquarn  wehntir.
and other   security issue.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Kandahar hit by suicide attackers=====

Zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī Kandahar

Zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji Kandahar
&lt;pre&gt;
Zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   xíjī   Kandahar
Zihsha-shih   zhahdahn xirji  Kandahar
Suicide-style bomb     attack Kandahar
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two suicide bombers kill at least 22 people at a bazaar near the airport in Kandahar in southern Afghanistan, local police tell the BBC.

Dāngdì jǐngfāng gàosù BBC, Afghanistn nánbù Kandahar fēijīchǎng fùjìn yī ge shìchǎng d liǎng cì zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī shāsǐ zuìshǎo 22 rén.

Dangdih jiingfang gaohsuh BBC, Afghanistan narnbuh Kandahar feijichaang fuhjihn yi 'ge shihchaang d liaang cih zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji shasii zuihshaao 22 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dāngdì  jǐngfāng  gàosù   BBC, Afghanistn  nánbù   Kandahar fēijīchǎng  fùjìn    yī ge  shìchǎng   d liǎng  cì   zìshā-shì     
Dangdih jiingfang gaohsuh BBC, Afghanistan narnbuh Kandahar feijichaang fuhjihn  yi 'ge shihchaang d liaang cih  zihsha-shih   
Local   police    tell    BBC  Afghanistan south   Kandahar airport     vicinity a      market       two    time suicide-style 

zhàdàn   xíjī   shāsǐ  zuìshǎo   22 rén.
zhahdahn xirji  shasii zuihshaao 22 rern.
bomb     attack kill   at least  22 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-06====

=====G7 discusses Eurozone debt crisis=====

G7 tǎolùn Eurozone zhàiwù wēijī

G7 taaoluhn Eurozone zhaihwuh weiji
&lt;pre&gt;
G7 tǎolùn   Eurozone zhàiwù   wēijī
G7 taaoluhn Eurozone zhaihwuh weiji
G7 discuss  Eurozone debt     crisis
&lt;/pre&gt;

G7 finance chiefs hold emergency talks as Spain's finance minister says credit markets are &quot;effectively shut&quot; to his country.

Yóuyú Spain cáizhèng dàchén shuō tā guójiā d xìndài shìchǎng &quot;shíjìshang guānbì le&quot;, G7 cáizhèng lǐngxiùmen jǔxíng jǐnjí huìyì.

Youryur Spain cairzhehng dahchern shuo ta guorjia d xihndaih shihchaang &quot;shirjih'shang guanbih 'le&quot;, G7 cairzhehng liingxiuh'men juuxirng jiinjir huihyih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú      Spain cáizhèng   dàchén   shuō tā guójiā  d xìndài   shìchǎng   &quot;shíjìshang    guānbì  le&quot;,  G7 cáizhèng   lǐngxiùmen   
Youryur    Spain cairzhehng dahchern shuo ta guorjia d xihndaih shihchaang &quot;shirjih'shang guanbih 'le&quot;, G7 cairzhehng liingxiuh'men
Because of Spain finance    minister say  it country   credit   market     &quot;effectively   shut&quot;,        G7 finance    chiefs       

jǔxíng   jǐnjí     huìyì.
juuxirng jiinjir   huihyih.
hold     emergency talks.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Russia and China united on Syria=====

Russia hé Zhōngguó liánhé zhīchí Syria

Russia her Zhongguor liarnher zhichir Syria
&lt;pre&gt;
Russia hé  Zhōngguó  liánhé   zhīchí  Syria
Russia her Zhongguor liarnher zhichir Syria
Russia and China     unite    support Syria
&lt;/pre&gt;

China and Russia reinforce their opposition to foreign intervention in Syria, as Russian President Vladimir Putin arrives in Beijing.

Russia Zǒngtǒng Vladimir Putin dàodá Běijīng, Zhōngguó hé Russia jiāqiáng fǎnduì wàiguó gānshè Syria.

Russia Zoongtoong Valdimir Putin daohdar Beeijing, Zhongguor her Russia jiaqiarng faanduih waihguor gansheh Syria.
&lt;pre&gt;
Russia Zǒngtǒng   Vladimir Putin dàodá   Běijīng,  Zhōngguó  hé  Russia jiāqiáng  fǎnduì   wàiguó          gānshè    Syria.
Russia Zoongtoong Valdimir Putin daohdar Beeijing, Zhongguor her Russia jiaqiarng faanduih waihguor        gansheh   Syria.
Russia President  Valdimir Putin arrive  Beijing,  China     and Russia reinforce oppose   foreign country interfere Syria.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-05====

=====Putin to start key China visit=====

Putin kāshǐ guānjiàn d Zhōngguó fǎngwèn

Putin kashii guanjiahn d Zhongguor faangwehn

&lt;pre&gt;
Putin kāshǐ  guānjiàn d  Zhōngguó  fǎngwèn
Putin kashii guanjiahn d Zhongguor faangwehn
Putin start  key         China     visit
&lt;/pre&gt;

Russian President Vladimir Putin is to begin a three-day visit to China, with energy and foreign policy expected to dominate the agenda.

Russia Zǒngtǒng Vladimir Putin kāishǐ 3 tiān d Zhōngguó fǎngwèn, néngyuán hé duìwài zhèngcè jiānghuì shì zhōngyào d yìchéng.

Russia Zoongtong Vladimir Putin kaishii 3 tian d Zhongguor faangwehn, nerngyuarn her duihwaih zhehngceh jianghuih shih zhohngyaoh d yihcherng.

&lt;pre&gt;
Russia Zǒngtǒng  Vladimir Putin kāishǐ  3 tiān d Zhōngguó  fǎngwèn,   néngyuán   hé  duìwài   zhèngcè   jiānghuì  shì  
Russia Zoongtong Vladimir Putin kaishii 3 tian d Zhongguor faangwehn, nerngyuarn her duihwaih zhehngceh jianghuih shih 
Russia President Vladimir Putin start   3 day    China     visit,     enery      and foreign  policy    will      be   

zhōngyào   d yìchéng.
zhohngyaoh d yihcherng.
important    agenda.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-04====

=====Deadly car bomb attack in Baghdad=====

Baghdad zhìmìng qìchē zhàdàn xíjí

Baghdad zhihmihng qihche zhahdahn xirji

&lt;pre&gt;
Baghdad zhìmìng   qìchē  zhàdàn   xíjí
Baghdad zhihmihng qihche zhahdahn xirji
Baghdad deadly    car    bomb     attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 15 people have been killed and dozens wounded in a bomb attack in Iraq's capital, Baghdad, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Iraq shǒudū Baghdad zhàdàn xíjī, zuìshǎo 15 rén bèishā hé jǐ-shí shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo, Iraq shooudu Baghdad zhahdahn xirji, zuihshaao 15 rern beihsha her jii-shir shouhshang.

&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad zhàdàn   xíjī,   zuìshǎo   15 rén    bèishā    hé  jǐ-shí      shòushāng.
Guanfang  shuo, Iraq shooudu Baghdad zhahdahn xirji,  zuihshaao 15 rern   beihsha   her jii-shir    shouhshang.
Officials say,  Iraq capital Baghdad bomb     attack, at least  15 people be killed and several ten be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;All dead&quot; in Nigeria plane crash=====

Nigeria fēijī zhuìhuǐ, &quot;quánbù sǐwáng&quot;

Nigeria feiji zhuihhuii, &quot;quarnbuh siiwarng&quot;

&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria fēijī    zhuìhuǐ,        &quot;quánbù   sǐwáng&quot;
Nigeria feiji    zhuihhuii,      &quot;quarnbuh siiwarng&quot;
Nigeria airplane fall and clash, &quot;all      die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A passenger plane crashes into a building in Nigeria's main city of Lagos, and all 150 or so people on board are feared dead, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, yī jià kèjī zhuìhuǐ yú Nigeria zhǔyào chéngshì Lagos d yī jiān jiànzhùwù, fēijī shang dàyuè 150 rén kěnéng quánbù sǐwáng.

Guanfang shuo, yi jiah kehji zhuihhuii yur Nigeria zhuuyaoh cherngshih Lagos d yi jian jiahnzhuhwuh, feiji 'shang dahyue 150 rern keenerng quarnbuh siiwarng.

&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, yī jià  kèjī            zhuìhuǐ        yú  Nigeria zhǔyào   chéngshì   Lagos d yī jiān jiànzhùwù,    
Guanfang  shuo, yi jiah kehji           zhuihhuii      yur Nigeria zhuuyaoh cherngshih Lagos d yi jian jiahnzhuhwuh, 
Officials say,  a       passenger plane fall and crash at  Nigeria main     city       Lagos   a       building,     

fēijī    shang  dàyuè  150 rén    kěnéng   quánbù   sǐwáng.
feiji    'shang dahyue 150 rern   keenerng quarnbuh siiwarng.
airplane on     about  150 people maybe    all      die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-03====

=====Deadly blast hits Nigeria church=====

Zhìmìng bàozhà xíjī Nigeria jiàotáng

Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji Nigeria jiaohtarng

&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmìng   bàozhà   xíjī   Nigeria jiàotáng
Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji  Nigeria jiaohtarng
Deadly    blast    attack Nigeria church
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber has killed himself and at least nine other people near a church in the northern Nigerian city of Bauchi, police have told the BBC.

Jǐngfāng gàosù BBC, Nigeria běibù chéngshì Bauchi yī jiān jiàotáng fùjìn d zìshā-shì zhàdàn shāsǐ tā zìjǐ hé zuìshǎo 9 ge qítā d rén.

Jiingfang gaohsuh BBC, Nigeria beeibuh cherngshih Bauchi yi jian jiaohtarng fuhjihn d zihsha-shih zhahdahn shasii ta zihjii her zuihshaao 9 'ge qirta d rern.

&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng  gàosù   BBC, Nigeria běibù   chéngshì   Bauchi yī jiān jiàotáng   fùjìn   d zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   shāsǐ  tā zìjǐ   hé  
Jiingfang gaohsuh BBC, Nigeria beeibuh cherngshih Bauchi yi jian jiaohtarng fuhjihn d zihsha-shih   zhahdahn shasii ta zihjii her 
Police    tell    BBC, Nigeria north   city       Bauchi a       church     vicinity  suicide-style bomb     kill   it self   and 

zuìshǎo   9 ge  qítā  d rén.
zuihshaao 9 'ge qirta d rern.
at least  9     other   people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-02====

=====Suicide bomber attacks Nato base in eastern Afghanistan=====

Zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī Afghanistan dōngbù d Nato jīdì

Zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji Afghanistan dongbuh d Nato jidih

&lt;pre&gt;
Zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   xíjī   Afghanistan dōngbù  d Nato jīdì
Zihsha-shih   zhahdahn xirji  Afghanistan dongbuh d Nato jidih
Suicide-style bomb     attack Afghanistan east      Nato base
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber has attacked a base of the Nato-led Peacekeeping Force (Isaf) in eastern Afghanistan.

Zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī Afghanistan dōngbù Nato lǐngdǎo d Hépíng-Wéichí Bùduì (Isaf) jīdì.

Zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji Afghanistan dongbuh Nato liingdaao d Herpirng-Weirchir Buhduih (Isaf) jidih.

&lt;pre&gt;
Zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   xíjī   Afghanistan dōngbù  Nato lǐngdǎo   d Hépíng-Wéichí     Bùduì   (Isaf) jīdì.
Zihsha-shih   zhahdahn xirji  Afghanistan dongbuh Nato liingdaao d Herpirng-Weirchir Buhduih (Isaf) jidih.
Suicide-style bomb     attack Afghanistan east    Nato lead        Peacekeeping      Force   (Isaf) base.
&lt;/pre&gt;

A local official told Agence-France Presse news agency that seven Afghan civilians had been killed.

Yī ge dāngdì gōngwùyuán gàosù Agence-France Presse tōngxùnshèn, 7 ge píngmín bèishā.

Yi 'ge dangdih gongwuhyuarn gaohsuh Agence-France Presse tongxuhnsheh, 7 'ge pirngmirn beihsha.

&lt;pre&gt;
Yī ge dāngdì   gōngwùyuán   gàosù   Agence-France Presse tōngxùnshèn,  7 ge  píngmín   bèishā.
Yi 'ge dangdih gongwuhyuarn gaohsuh Agence-France Presse tongxuhnsheh, 7 'ge pirngmirn beihsha.
A      local   official     tell    Agence-France Presse news agency,  7     civilian  be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====British soldier shot dead in Afghanistan's Helmand=====

Yī ge Yīngjūn zài Afghanistan d Helmand bèi shèshā

Yi 'ge Yingjun zaih Afghanistan d Helmand beih shehsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Yī ge  Yīngjūn         zài  Afghanistan d Helmand bèi shèshā
Yi 'ge Yingjun         zaih Afghanistan d Helmand beih shehsha
A      British soldier at   Afghanistan's Helmand be shot dead
&lt;/pre&gt;

A UK soldier has been shot dead during a foot patrol in southern Afghanistan, the Ministry of Defense has said.

Guófángbù shuō, yī ge Yīngjūn zài Afghanistan nánbù bùxíng xúnluó qījiān bèi shèshā.

Guorfarngbuh shuo, yi 'ge Yingjun zaih Afghanistan narnbuh buhxirng xurnluor qijian beih shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guófángbù           shuō, yī ge  Yīngjūn         zài  Afghanistan nánbù   bùxíng     xúnluó   qījiān bèi shèshā.
Guorfarngbuh        shuo, yi 'ge Yingjun         zaih Afghanistan narnbuh buhxirng   xurnluor qijian beih shehshā.
Ministry of Defense say,  a      British soldier at   Afghanistan south   go on foot patrol   period be shot dead.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-06-01====

=====Premature birth linked to worse mental health=====

Zǎochǎn yǔ jīngshénbìng yǒuguān

Zaaochaan yuu jingshernbihng yoouguan
&lt;pre&gt;
Zǎochǎn     yǔ   jīngshénbìng   yǒuguān
Zaaochaan   yuu  jingshernbihng yoouguan
Early birth with mental disease have relation
&lt;/pre&gt;

Being born prematurely is linked to an increased risk of a range of mental health problems much later in life, according to researchers.

Yánjiū bàogào zhǐchū, zǎochǎn huì zēngjiā rìhòu huàn jīngshénbìng d wēixiǎn.

Yarnjiu baohgaoh zhiichu,    zaaochaann huih zengjia rihhouh huahn jingshernbihng d weixiaan.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū   bàogào   zhǐchū,    zǎochǎn     huì   zēngjiā  rìhòu         huàn        jīngshénbìng   d wēixiǎn.
Yarnjiu  baohgaoh zhiichu,   zaaochaann  huih  zengjia  rihhouh       huahn       jingshernbihng d weixiaan.
Research report   point out, early birth could increase in the future to contract mental disease   danger.
&lt;/pre&gt;   

=====Eurozone unemployment rate sticks at 11%=====

Euro-qū shīyèlǜ bǎochí 11%

Euro-qu shiyehlvh baaochir 11%
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro-qū  shīyèlǜ           bǎochí   11%
Euro-qu  shiyehlvh         baaochir 11%
Eurozone unemployment rate keep     11%
&lt;/pre&gt;

Unemployment in the Eurozone was 11% in April, unchanged from March, but still the highest since records began in 1995.

Euro-qū Sìyuèfèn shīyèlǜ 11%, yǔ Sānyuèfèn yīyàng, réngrán shì 1995 nián yǐlái zuì gāo jìlù.

Euro-qu Sihyuehfehn shiyehlvh 11%, yuu Sanyuehfehn yiyahng, rerngrarn shih 1995 niarn yiilair zuih gao jihluh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro-qū  Sìyuèfèn     shīyèlǜ           11%, yǔ   Sānyuèfèn    yīyàng,   réngrán   shì  1995 nián  yǐlái   zuì  gāo  jìlù.
Euro-qu  Sihyuehfehn  shiyehlvh         11%, yuu  Sanyuehfehn  yiyahng,  rerngrarn shih 1995 niarn yiilair zuih gao  jihluh.
Eurozone April period unemployment rate 11%, with March period the same, still     is   1995 year  -since  most hign record.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-31====

=====Five Afghan police killed in Kandahar suicide attack=====

Kandahar zìshā-shì xíjī shāsǐ 5 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá

Kandahar zihsha-shih xirji shasii 5 ge Afghanistan jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Kandahar zìshā-shì     xíjī   shāsǐ  5 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá
Kandahar zihsha-shih   xirji  shasii 5 ge Afghanistan jiingchar
Kandahar suicide-style attack kill   5    Afghanistan police
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomb attack on a police headquarters in the southern Afghan province of Kandahar has killed at least five policemen, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī Afghanistan nánbù shěngfèn Kandahar yī ge jǐngchá zǒngbù, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 5 ge jǐngchá.

Guanfang shuo, zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji Afghanistan narnbuh sheengfehn Kandahar yi ge jiingchar zoongbuh, shasii zuihshaao 5 ge jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   xíjī   Afghanistan nánbù   shěngfèn   Kandahar yī ge jǐngchá   zǒngbù,       shāsǐ  
Guanfang  shuo, zihsha-shih   zhahdahn xirji  Afghanistan narnbuh sheengfehn Kandahar yi ge jiingchar zoongbuh,     shasii 
Officials say,  suicide-style bomb     attack Afghanistan south   province   Kandahar a     police    headquarters, kill   

zuìshǎo   5 ge jǐngchá.
zuihshaao 5 ge jiingchar.
at least  5    police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====At least 12 killed, 29 wounded, in Iraq bomb blasts=====

Iraq zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo 12 bèishā, 29 shòushāng

Iraq zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 12 beihsha, 29 shouhshang
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq zhàdàn   bàozhà,   zuìshǎo   12 bèishā,    29 shòushāng
Iraq zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 12 beihsha,   29 shouhshang
Iraq bomb     blast,    at least  12 be killed, 29 be wounded
&lt;/pre&gt;

A series of bomb attacks in the Iraqi capital Baghdad has killed at least 12 people and wounded 29 others, police and medical sources said.

Gēnjù jǐngfāng hé yīliáo bùmén bàodǎo, Iraq shǒudū Baghdad yīxìliè zhàdàn xíjī shāsǐ zuìshǎo 12 rén hé 29 ge shòushāng.

Genjuh jiingfang her yiliaor buhmern baohdaao, Iraq shooudu Baghdad yixihlieh zhahdahn xirji shasii zuihshaao 12 rern her 29 ge shouhshang.

&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù     jǐngfāng  hé  yīliáo            bùmén      bàodǎo,   Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad yīxìliè     zhàdàn   xíjī   shāsǐ  zuìshǎo   
Genjuh    jiingfang her yiliaor           buhmern    baohdaao, Iraq shooudu Baghdad yixihlieh   zhahdahn xirji  shasii zuihshaao 
According police    and medical treatment department report,   Iraq capital Baghdad a series of bomb     attack kill   at least  

12 rén    hé  29 ge shòushāng.
12 rern   her 29 ge shouhshang.
12 people and 29    be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-30====

=====Eight Afghan police killed=====

8 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèishā

8 ge Afghanistan jiingchar beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
8 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá   bèishā
8 ge Afghanistan jiingchar beihsha
8    Afghanistan police    be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

Eight Afghan policemen have been killed and two injured in fighting against the Taliban in the north-eastern province of Badakhshan, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, zài dōngběibù shěngfèn Badakhshan yǔ Taliban zhàndòu qījiān, 8 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèishā hé liǎng ge shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo, zaih dongbeeibuh sheengfehn Badakhshan yuu Taliban zhahndouh qijian, 8 ge Afghanistan jiingchar beihsha her liaang ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zài  dōngběibù   shěngfèn   Badakhshan yǔ   Taliban zhàndòu   qījiān, 8 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá   bèishā    hé  
Guanfang  shuo, zaih dongbeeibuh sheengfehn Badakhshan yuu  Taliban zhahndouh qijian, 8 ge Afghanistan jiingchar beihsha   her 
Officials say,  at   northeast   province   Badakhshan with Taliban fighting  period, 8    Afghanistan police    be killed and 

liǎng  ge shòushāng.
liaang ge shouhshang.
two       be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-29====

=====Fifteen dead in north Italy quake=====

Italy běibù dìzhèn 15 rén sǐwáng

Italy beeibuh dihzhehn 15 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Italy běibù   dìzhèn     15 rén    sǐwáng
Italy beeibuh dihzhehn   15 rern   siiwarng
Italy north   earthquake 15 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

A new earthquake jolts the Emilia region in northern Italy, killing at least 15 people, local media say.

Dāngdì méitǐ bàodǎo, xīn d dìzhèn zhènhàn Italy běibù Emilia dìqū, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 15 rén.

Dangdih meirtii baohdaao, xin d dihzhehn zhehnhahn Italy beeibuh Emilia dihqu, shasii zuihshaao 15 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dāngdì  méitǐ   bàodǎo,   xīn d dìzhèn     zhènhàn   Italy běibù   Emilia dìqū,  shāsǐ  zuìshǎo   15 rén.
Dangdih meirtii baohdaao, xin d dihzhehn   zhehnhahn Italy beeibuh Emilia dihqu, shasii zuihshaao 15 rern.
Local   media   report,   new   earthquake shake     Italy north   Emilia region kill   at least  15 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-28====

=====Calcium pills pose &quot;heart risk&quot;=====

Gàipiàn &quot;yǐnqǐ xīnzàngbìng&quot;

Gaihpiahn &quot;yiinqii xinzahngbihng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Gàipiàn        &quot;yǐnqǐ   xīnzàngbìng&quot;
Gaihpiahn      &quot;yiinqii xinzahngbihng&quot;
Calcium tablet &quot;lead to heart disease&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

People who take calcium supplements could be increasing their risk of having a heart attack, according to researchers in Germany.

Gēnjù Déguó d yánjiū bàogào, chī gàipiàn huì zēngjiā xīnzàngbìng fāzuò d wēixiǎn.

Genjuh Derguor d yarnjiu baohgaoh, chi gaihpiahn huih zengjia xinzahngbihng fazuoh d weixiaan.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù     Déguó   d yánjiū   bàogào,   chī gàipiàn        huì   zēngjiā  xīnzàngbìng   fāzuò     d wēixiǎn.
Genjuh    Derguor d yarnjiu  baohgaoh, chi gaihpiahn      huih  zengjia  xinzahngbihng fazuoh    d weixiaan.
According Germany   research report,   eat calcium tablet could increase heart disease break out   danger.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-27====

=====Nato strike &quot;kills Afghan family&quot;=====

Nato xíjī &quot;shāsǐ Afghanistan jiātíng&quot;

Nato xirji &quot;shasii Afghanistan jiatirng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato xíjī   &quot;shāsǐ  Afghanistan jiātíng&quot;
Nato xirji  &quot;shasii Afghanistan jiatirng&quot;
Nato attack &quot;kill   Afghanistan family&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Nato air strike has killed eight members of a family in the eastern Afghan province of Paktia, according to local officials.

Gēnjù dāngdì guānfāng bàodǎo, Nato zài Afghanistan dōngbù shěngfèn Paktia d kōngxí shāsǐ 8 ge jiātíng chéngyuán.

Genjuh dangdih guanfang baohdaao, Nato zaih Afghanistan dongbuh sheengfehn Paktia d kongxir shasii 8 ge jiatirng cherngyuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù     dāngdì   guānfāng  bàodǎo,   Nato zài  Afghanistan dōngbù  shěngfèn   Paktia d kōngxí   shāsǐ  8 ge jiātíng  
Genjuh    dangdih  guanfang  baohdaao, Nato zaih Afghanistan dongbuh sheengfehn Paktia d kongxir  shasii 8 ge jiatirng 
According locality officials report,   Nato at   Afghanistan east    province   Paktia   air raid kill   8    family   

chéngyuán.
cherngyuarn.
member.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====UK soldier killed in Afghanistan=====

Yīngguó shìbīng zài Afghanistan bèishā

Yingguor shihbing zaih Afghanistan beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīngguó  shìbīng   zài  Afghanistan bèishā
Yingguor shihbing  zaih Afghanistan beihsha
UK       soldier   at   Afghanistan be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

A British soldier has been killed while on patrol in Afghanistan.

Yī ge Yīngguó shìbīng zài Afghanistan xúnluó qījiān bèishā.

Yi ge Yingguor shihbing zaih Afghanistan xurnluor qijian beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yī ge Yīngguó  shìbīng  zài  Afghanistan xúnluó   qījiān bèishā.
Yi ge Yingguor shihbing zaih Afghanistan xurnluor qijian beihsha.
A     UK       soldier  at   Afghanistan patrol   period be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-26====

=====Suicide car bomber kills 12 in northern Yemen=====

Yemen běibù zìshā-shì qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ 12 rén

Yemen beeibuh zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn shasii 12 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Yemen běibù   zìshā-shì     qìchē  zhàdàn   shāsǐ  12 rén
Yemen beeibuh zihsha-shih   qihche zhahdahn shasii 12 rern
Yemen north   suicide-style car    bomb     kill   12 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide car bomber has killed at least 12 people in Yemen's northern town controlled by Shia rebels, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Yemen běibù bèi Shia zàofǎnzhě kòngzhì d shìzhèn d yī ge zìshā-shì qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ le zuìshǎo 12 rén.

Guanfang shuo, Yemen beeibuh beih Shia zaohfaanzhee kohngzhih d shihzhehn d yi ge zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn shasii le zuihshaao 12 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Yemen běibù   bèi  Shia zàofǎnzhě    kòngzhì   d shìzhèn   d yī ge zìshā-shì     qìchē  zhàdàn   shāsǐ le  
Guanfang  shuo, Yemen beeibuh beih Shia zaohfaanzhee kohngzhih d shihzhehn d yi ge zihsha-shih   qihche zhahdahn shasii le 
Officials say,  Yemen north   be   Shia rebel        control     town        a     suicide-style car    bomb     killed    

zuìshǎo   12 rén.
zuihshaao 12 rern.
at least  12 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China pledges measures to boost demand and investment=====

Zhōngguó jìhuà cìjī xūqiú hé tóuzī

Zhongguor jihhuah cihji xuqiur her tourzi
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  jìhuà   cìjī      xūqiú  hé  tóuzī
Zhongguor jihhuah cihji     xuqiur her tourzi
China     plan    stimulate demand and investment
&lt;/pre&gt;

China has said it will take measures to boost demand and investment amid fears of a slowdown in its economy.

Yóuyú dānxīn jīngjì fànghuǎn, Zhōngguó biǎoshì huì tuīchū cuòshī cìjī xūqiú hé tóuzī.

Youryur danxin jingjih fahnghuaan, Zhongguor biaaoshih huih tuichu cuohshi cihji xuqiur her tourzi.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú   dānxīn jīngjì  fànghuǎn,   Zhōngguó  biǎoshì   huì  tuīchū  cuòshī  cìjī      xūqiú  hé  tóuzī.
Youryur danxin jingjih fahnghuaan, Zhongguor biaaoshih huih tuichu  cuohshi cihji     xuqiur her tourzi.
Because worry  economy slowdown,   China     express   will present measure stimulate demand and investment.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-25====

=====EU plans to speed up closer union to save Euro=====

EU jìhuà jiāqiáng liánméng yǐ wǎnjiù Euro

EU jihhuah jiaqiarng liarnmerng yii waanjiuh Euro
&lt;pre&gt;
EU jìhuà   jiāqiáng   liánméng   yǐ  wǎnjiù   Euro
EU jihhuah jiaqiarng  liarnmerng yii waanjiuh Euro
EU plan    strengthen union      to  save     Euro
&lt;/pre&gt;

A top EU official is launching a plan to rescue the Eurozone by binding its 17 nations closer together.

EU gāoguān jìhuà jiāqiáng 17 guó d liánméng yǐ wǎnjiù Ōuyuánqū.

EU gaoguan jihhuah jiaqiarng 17 guor d liarnmerng yii waanjiuu Ouyuarnqu.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU gāoguān       jìhuà   jiāqiáng   17 guó d   liánméng   yǐ  wǎnjiù   Ōuyuánqū.
EU gaoguan       jihhuah jiaqiarng  17 guor d  liarnmerng yii waanjiuu Ouyuarnqu.
EU high official to plan strengthen 17 country union      to  rescue   Eurozone.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-24====

=====EU summit: Merkel challenged on growth strategy=====

EU gāofēng-huìyì: Merkel zhìyí zēngzhǎng cèlüè

EU gaofeng-huihyih: Merkel zhihyir zengzhaang cehlueh
&lt;pre&gt;
EU gāofēng-huìyì:   Merkel zhìyí     zēngzhǎng  cèlüè
EU gaofeng-huihyih: Merkel zhihyir   zengzhaang cehlueh
EU summit:          Merkel challenge growth     strategy
&lt;/pre&gt;

EU leaders are continuing summit talks in Brussels with Germany resisting pressure to launch Eurobonds as a way to ease the Eurozone crisis.

EU lǐngxiùmen jìxù Brussels d gāofēng-huìyì, kàngjù Déguó fǎnduì fāxíng Ōuzhōu zhàiquàn yǐ shūhuǎn Ōuyuánqū wēijī.

EU liingxiuhmen jihxuh Brussels d gaofeng-huihyih, kahngjuh Derguor faanduih faxirng Ouzhou zhaihquahn yii shuhuaan Ouyuarnqu weiji.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU lǐngxiùmen   jìxù     Brussels d gāofēng-huìyì,   kàngjù   Déguó   fǎnduì   fāxíng  Ōuzhōu zhàiquàn   yǐ  shūhuǎn  Ōuyuánqū  
EU liingxiuhmen jihxuh   Brussels d gaofeng-huihyih, kahngjuh Derguor faanduih faxirng Ouzhou zhaihquahn yii shuhuaan Ouyuarnqu 
EU leaders      continue Brussels's summit,          resist   Germany oppose   launch  Eurobond          to  ease     Eurozone  

wēijī.
weiji.
crisis.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Chimps' personalities are like people's, study says=====

Yánjiū zhǐchū, hēixīngxing xìnggé hǎoxiàng rénlèi

Yarnjiu zhiichu, heixingxing xihngger haaoxiahng rernleih
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū  zhǐchū,    hēixīngxing xìnggé      hǎoxiàng   rénlèi
Yarnjiu zhiichu,   heixingxing xihngger    haaoxiahng rernleih
Study   point out, chimp       personality like       human
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chimpanzees and orangutans really do have personalities &quot;like people&quot;, researchers say.

Yánjiū zhǐchū, hēixīngxing hé xīngxing díquè yǒu &quot;xiàng rén&quot; d xìnggé.

Yarnjiu zhiichu, heixingxing her xingxing dirqueh yoou &quot;xiahng rern&quot; d xihngger.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū   zhǐchū,    hēixīngxing hé  xīngxing  díquè   yǒu  &quot;xiàng  rén&quot;    d xìnggé.
Yarnjiu  zhiichu,   heixingxing her xingxing  dirqueh yoou &quot;xiahng rern&quot;   d xihngger.
Research point out, chimpanzee  and orangutan really  have &quot;like   people&quot;   personality.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-23====

=====Euro &quot;threat&quot; to global outlook=====

Euro &quot;wēixié&quot; shìjiè qiánjǐng

Euro &quot;weixier&quot; shihjieh qiarnjiing
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro &quot;wēixié&quot;  shìjiè   qiánjǐng
Euro &quot;weixier&quot; shihjieh qiarnjiing
Euro &quot;threat&quot;  world    outlook
&lt;/pre&gt;

A weak Eurozone is the single biggest threat to the global economy, according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Gēnjù Jīngjì Hézuò Fāzhǎn Zǔzhī bàodǎo, Euro píruò shì quánqiú jīngjì zuì dà d wēixié.

Genjuh Jingjih Herzuoh Fazhaan Zuuzhi baohdaao, Euro pirruoh shih quarnqiur jingjih zuih dah d weixier.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù     Jīngjì  Hézuò        Fāzhǎn      Zǔzhī        bàodǎo,   Euro píruò   shì  quánqiú     jīngjì  zuì  dà d  wēixié.
Genjuh    Jingjih Herzuoh      Fazhaan     Zuuzhi       baohdaao, Euro pirruoh shih quarnqiur   jingjih zuih dah d weixier.
According Economy Co-operation Development Organization report,   Euro weak    is   whole world economy most big   threat.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-22====

=====Farc kills 12 Colombian soldiers=====

Farc shāsǐ 12 ge Colombia jūnrén

Farc shasii 12 ge Colombia junrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Farc shāsǐ  12 ge Colombia jūnrén
Farc shasii 12 ge Colombia junrern
Farc kill   12    Colombia soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

Colombian officials say left-wing Farc rebels have killed 12 soldiers during a patrol in a remote rural area near the sensitive border with Venezuela.

Colombia guānfāng shuō, zuǒpài d Farc zàofǎnzhě zài kàojìn Venezuela mǐngǎn biānjiè d yáoyuǎn nóngcūn dìqū, shāsǐ le 12 ge zài xúnluó d jūnrén.

Colombia guanfang shuo, zuoopaih d Farc zaohfaanzhee zaih kaohjihn Venezuela miingaan bianjieh d yaoryuaan norngcun dihqu, shasii le 12 ge zaih xurnluor d junrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia guānfāng  shuō, zuǒpài d   Farc zàofǎnzhě    zài  kàojìn   Venezuela mǐngǎn    biānjiè  d yáoyuǎn   nóngcūn  dìqū,  
Colombia guanfang  shuo, zuoopaih d Farc zaohfaanzhee zaih kaohjihn Venezuela miingaan  bianjieh d yaoryuaan norngcun dihqu, 
Colombia officials say,  left-wing  Farc rebel        at   near     Venezuela sensitive border     remote    rural    area,  

shāsǐ le  12 ge zài  xúnluó   d jūnrén.
shasii le 12 ge zaih xurnluor d junrern.
killed    12    at   patrol     soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;Al-Qaeda attack&quot; on Yemen army parade causes carnage=====

&quot;Al-Qaeda xíjī&quot; Yemen jūnduì yóuxíng zàochéng dàliàng sǐwáng

&quot;Al-Qaeda xirji&quot; Yemen junduih yourxirng zaohcherng dahliahng siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;Al-Qaeda xíjī&quot;   Yemen jūnduì  yóuxíng   zàochéng   dàliàng        sǐwáng
&quot;Al-Qaeda xirji&quot;  Yemen junduih yourxirng zaohcherng dahliahng      siiwarng
&quot;Al-Qaeda attack&quot; Yemen army    parade    to cause   large quantity die
&lt;/pre&gt;

More than 90 people have been killed in a suicide bomb attack at a military parade rehearsal in Yemen's capital, Sanaa, defence ministry officials say.

Guófángbù shuō, Yemen shǒudū Sanaa yī cì jūnshì yóuxíng páiliàn fāshēng zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī, zàochéng chāoguò 90 rén bèishā.

Guorfarngbuh shuo, Yemen shooudu Sanaa yi cih junshih yourxirng pairliahn fasheng zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji, zaohcherng chaoguoh 90 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guófángbù          shuō, Yemen shǒudū  Sanaa yī cì  jūnshì   yóuxíng   páiliàn   fāshēng zìshā-shì     zhàdàn   xíjī,   zàochéng   
Guorfarngbuh       shuo, Yemen shooudu Sanaa yi cih junshih  yourxirng pairliahn fasheng zihsha-shih   zhahdahn xirji,  zaohcherng 
Defence department say,  Yemen capital Sanaa a      military parade    rehearsal happen  suicide-style bomb     attack, to cause   

chāoguò  90 rén    bèishā.
chaoguoh 90 rern   beihsha.
exceed   90 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-21====

=====Deadly blast at Afghan checkpoint=====

Afghanistan jiǎncházhàn zhìmìng bàozhà

Afghanistan jiaancharzhahn zhihmihng baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan jiǎncházhàn    zhìmìng   bàozhà
Afghanistan jiaancharzhahn zhihmihng baohzhah
Afghanistan checkpoint     deadly    blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber has killed at least 10 people, a number of them children, at a checkpoint in the eastern Afghan province of Khost, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù shěngfèn Khost d jiǎncházhàn fāshēng zìshā-shì bàozhà, zuìshǎo 10 rén bèishā, bāokuò hěn duō értóng.

Guanfang shuo, Afghanistan dongbuh sheengfehn Khost d jiaancharzhahn fasheng zihsha-shih baohzhah, zuihshaao 10 rern beihsha, baokuoh heen duo errtorng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù  shěngfèn   Khost d jiǎncházhàn    fāshēng zìshā-shì     bàozhà,   zuìshǎo   10 rén    
Guanfang  shuo, Afghanistan dongbuh sheengfehn Khost d jiaancharzhahn fasheng zihsha-shih   baohzhah, zuihshaao 10 rern   
Officials say,  Afghanistan east    province   Khost   checkpoint     happen  suicide-style blast,    at least  10 people 

bèishā,    bāokuò  hěn  duō  értóng.
beihsha,   baokuoh heen duo  errtorng.
be killed, include very many children.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-20====

=====China tunnel explosion &quot;kills 20&quot;=====

Zhōngguó suìdào bàozhà &quot;20 sǐwáng&quot;

Zhongguor suihdaoh baohzhah &quot;20 siiwarng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  suìdào   bàozhà   &quot;20 sǐwáng&quot;
Zhongguor suihdaoh baohzhah &quot;20 siiwarng&quot;
China     tunnel   blast    &quot;20 die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

An explosion in a road tunnel being constructed in central China's Hunan province kills at least 20 people, state media say.

Guójiā méitǐ shuō, Zhōngguó zhōngbù shěngfèn Húnán yī tiáo jiànzào-zhōng d gōnglù suìdào fāshēng bàozhà, zàochéng zuìshǎo 20 rén sǐwáng.

Guorjia meirtii shuo, Zhongguor zhongbuh sheengfehn Hurnarn yi tiaor jiahnzaoh-zhong d gongluh suihdaoh fasheng baohzhah, zaohchenrng zuihshaao 20 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guójiā  méitǐ   shuō, Zhōngguó  zhōngbù         shěngfèn   Húnán   yī tiáo  jiànzào-zhōng d   gōnglù  suìdào   fāshēng bàozhà,   
Guorjia meirtii shuo, Zhongguor zhongbuh        sheengfehn Hurnarn yi tiaor jiahnzaoh-zhong d gongluh suihdaoh fasheng baohzhah, 
State   media   say,  China     central section province   Hunan   a        constructing      road    tunnel   happen  blast,  

zàochéng    zuìshǎo   20 rén    sǐwáng.
zaohchenrng zuihshaao 20 rern   siiwarng.
to cause    at least  20 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China dissident Chen Guangcheng heads for US=====

Zhōngguó bùtóng zhèngjiàn rénshì Chén Guāngchéng qiánwǎng Měiguó

Zhongguor butorng zhehngjiahn rernshih Chern Guangcherng qiarnwaang Meeiguor
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  bùtóng zhèngjiàn rénshì      Chén  Guāngchéng  qiánwǎng   Měiguó
Zhongguor butorng zhehngjiahn rernshih Chern Guangcherng qiarnwaang Meeiguor
China     dissident                    Chen  Guangcheng  go to      US
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese activist Chen Guangcheng - who was at the center of a diplomatic crisis with Washington - is on his way to the United States.

Zhōngguó d zhèngzhì huóyuè-fènzǐ Chén Guāngchéng - Zhōng-Měi wàijiāo wēijī d zhōngxīn rénwù - zhèngzài qiánwǎng Měiguó.

Zhongguor d zhehngzhih huoryueh-fehnzii Chern Guangcherng - Zhong-Meei waihjiao weiji d zhongxin rernwuh - zhehngzaih qiarnwaang Meeiguor.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d  zhèngzhì   huóyuèfènzǐ      Chén  Guāngchéng -  Zhōng-Měi  wàijiāo   wēijī  d zhōngxīn rénwù -   zhèngzài      
Zhongguor d zhehngzhih huoryueh-fehnzii Chern Guangcherng - Zhong-Meei waihjiao  weiji  d zhongxin rernwuh - zhehngzaih    
China's     politics   activist         Chen  Guangcheng -  China-US   diplomacy crisis   center   person -  in process of 

qiánwǎng   Měiguó.
qiarnwaang Meeiguor.
go to      US.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-19====

=====Vietnam bus crash leaves 34 dead=====

Yuènán bāshì zhuànghuǐ, 34 rén sǐwáng

Yuehnarn bashih zhuahnghuii, 34 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Yuènán   bāshì  zhuànghuǐ,   34 rén    sǐwáng
Yuehnarn bashih zhuahnghuii, 34 rern   siiwarng
Vietnam  bus    crash,       34 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bus crash in central Vietnam has killed 34 people and injured at least 20 others.

Yuènán zhōngbù yī jià bāshì zhuànghuǐ, 34 rén sǐwáng hé zuìshǎo 20 rén shòushāng.

Yuehnarn zhongbuh yi jia bashih zhuahnghuii, 34 rern siiwarng her suihshaao 20 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yuènán   zhōngbù         yī jià bāshì  zhuànghuǐ,   34 rén    sǐwáng   hé  zuìshǎo   20 rén    shòushāng.
Yuehnarn zhongbuh        yi jia bashih zhuahnghuii, 34 rern   siiwarng her suihshaao 20 rern   shouhshang.
Vietnam  central section a      bus    crash,       34 people die      and at least  20 people injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Dieting &quot;safe for pregnant women&quot;=====

Jiézhì yǐnshí &quot;duì yùnfù shì ānquán d&quot;

Jierzhih yiinshir &quot;duih yuhnfuh shih anquarn d&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiézhì   yǐnshí   &quot;duì  yùnfù          shì  ānquán d&quot;
Jierzhih yiinshir &quot;duih yuhnfuh        shih anquarn d&quot;
Control  diet     &quot;for  pregnant woman is   safe&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Dieting in pregnancy is safe and does not carry risks for the baby, a review of research has suggested.

Yánjiū bàogào zhǐchū, huáiyùn qījiān jiézhì yǐnshí shì ānquán d, yě bù huì wēihài yīng'ér.

Yarnjiu baohgaoh zhiichu, huairyuhn qijian jierzhih yiinshir shih anquarn d, yee bu huih weihaih ying`err.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū   bàogào   zhǐchū,    huáiyùn   qījiān jiézhì   yǐnshí   shì  ānquán d,  yě   bù huì  wēihài   yīng'ér.
Yarnjiu  baohgaoh zhiichu,   huairyuhn qijian jierzhih yiinshir shih anquarn d, yee  bu huih weihaih  ying`err.
Research report   point out, pregnancy period control  diet     is   safe,      also won't   endanger baby.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-18====

=====Chinese gold demand hits record=====

Zhōngguó huāngjīn xūqiú pò jìlù

Zhongguor huarngjin xuqiur poh jihluh
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó  huāngjīn  xūqiú  pò jìlù
Zhongguor huarngjin xuqiur poh jihluh
China     gold      demand break record
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese demand for gold hit a record in the first quarter of 2012 and it remains the world's biggest market for gold, the World Gold Council says.

Shìjiè Huángjīn Wěiyuánhuì shuō, Zhōngguó huángjīn xūqiú zài 2012 nián dì-1 jìdù pò jìlù, bǎochí shìjiè zuì dà huángjīn shìchǎng.

Shihjieh Huarngjin weeiyuarnhuih shuo, Zhongguor huarngjin xuqiur zaih 2012 niarn dih-1 jihduh poh jihluh, baaochir shihjieh zuih dah huarngjin shihchaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shìjiè   Huángjīn  Wěiyuánhuì    shuō, Zhōngguó  huángjīn  xūqiú  zài  2012 nián  dì-1  jìdù              pò    jìlù,   bǎochí   
Shihjieh Huarngjin weeiyuarnhuih shuo, Zhongguor huarngjin xuqiur zaih 2012 niarn dih-1 jihduh            poh   jihluh, baaochir 
World    Gold      Council       say,  China     gold      demand at   2010 year  first quarter of a year break record, remain   

shìjiè   zuì  dà    huángjīn  shìchǎng.
shihjieh zuih dah   huarngjin shihchaang.
world    most large gold      market.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan suicide raid kills police=====

Afghanistan zìshā xíjī shāsǐ jǐngchá

Afghanistan zihsha xirji shasii jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zìshā   xíjī  shāsǐ  jǐngchá
Afghanistan zihsha  xirji shasii jiingchar
Afghanistan suicide raid  kill   police
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least six policemen and a civilian have been killed and 13 wounded in a suicide attack on a governor's compound in western Afghanistan, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, Afghanistan xībù zhèngfǔ dàlóu fāshēng zìshā-shì xíjī, zuìshǎo 6 ge jǐngchá hé yī ge píngmín bèishā, 13 rén shòushāng.

Jiingfang shuo, Afghanistn xibuh zhehngfuu dahlour fasheng zihsha-shih xirji, zuihshaao 6 ge jiingchar her yi ge pirngmirn beihsha, 13 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng  shuō, Afghanistan xībù  zhèngfǔ    dàlóu   fāshēng zìshā-shì     xíjī,   zuìshǎo   6 ge jǐngchá   hé  yī ge píngmín   
Jiingfang shuo, Afghanistan xibuh zhehngfuu  dahlour fasheng zihsha-shih   xirji,  zuihshaao 6 ge jiingchar her yi ge pirngmirn 
Police    say,  Afghanistan west  government mansion happen  suicide-style attack, at least  6    police    and a     civilian  

bèishā,    13 rén    shòushāng.
beihsha,   13 rern   shouhshang.
be killed, 13 people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Seven die in clashes in Libyan desert town=====

Libya shāmò shìzhèn chōngtū 7 rén sǐwáng

Libya shamoh shihzhehn chongtu 7 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya shāmò  shìzhèn   chōngtū 7 rén    sǐwáng
Libya shamoh shihzhehn chongtu 7 rern   siiwarng
Libya desert town      clash   7 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Seven people have been killed and more than 20 injured in clashes in Libya's western desert town of Ghadames, the government says.

Zhèngfǔ shuō, Libya xībù shāmò shìzhèn Ghadames d chōngtū zàochéng 7 rén bèishā hé chāoguò 20 rén shòushāng.

Zhehngfuu shuo, Libya xibuh shamoh shihzhehn Ghadames d chongtu zaohcherng 7 rern beihsha her chaoguoh 20 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhèngfǔ    shuō, Libya xībù  shāmò  shìzhèn   Ghadames d chōngtū zàochéng   7 rén    bèishā    hé  chāoguò  20 rén    shòushāng.
Zhehngfuu  shuo, Libya xibuh shamoh shihzhehn Ghadames d chongtu zaohcherng 7 rern   beihsha   her chaoguoh 20 rern   shouhshang.
Government say,  Libya west  desert town      Ghadames   clash   to cause   7 people be killed and exceed   20 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-17====

=====London 2012: David Beckham to collect Olympic flame=====

London 2012: David Beckham qǔdé Olympics Shènghuǒ

London 2012: David Beckham quuder Olympics Shehnghuoo
&lt;pre&gt;
London 2012: David Beckham qǔdé   Olympics Shènghuǒ
London 2012: David Beckham quuder Olympics Shehnghuoo
London 2012: David Beckham obtain Olympics Holy Flame
&lt;/pre&gt;

David Beckham will bring the Olympic flame back to the UK from the Greek capital Athens along with Princess Anne, Olympic organizers have said.

Olympics zǔzhīzhě shuō, David Beckham huì yǔ Anne Gōngzhǔ yīqǐ cóng Greece shǒudū Athens dài Olympics Shènghuò huí Yīngguó.

Olympics zuuzhizhee shuo, David Beckham huih yuu Anne Gongzhuu yiqii corng Greece shooudu Athens daih Olympics Shehnghuoo huir Yingguor.
&lt;pre&gt;
Olympics zǔzhīzhě   shuō, David Beckham huì  yǔ  Anne Gōngzhǔ  yīqǐ      cóng  Greece shǒudū  Athens dài   Olympics Shènghuò   
Olympics zuuzhizhee shuo, David Beckham huih yuu  Anne Gongzhuu yiqii    corng Greece shooudu Athens daih  Olympics Shehnghuoo 
Olympics organizer  say,  David Beckham will with Anne Princess together from  Greece capital Athens bring Olympics Holy Flame 

huí  Yīngguó.
huir Yingguor.
back UK.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-16====

=====Bogota hit by deadly explosion=====

Bogota fāshēng zhìmìng bàozhà

Bogota fasheng zhihmihng baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Bogota fāshēng zhìmìng   bàozhà
Bogota fasheng zhihmihng baohzhah
Bogota happen  deadly    explosion
&lt;/pre&gt;

An explosion reportedly targeting a politician in the Colombian capital Bogota kills at least five people and injures dozens more.

Colombia shǒudū Bogota yī cì jù-bàodǎo zhēnduì yī ge zhèngzhìjiā d bàozhà, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 5 ge rén hé jǐ-shí ge shòushāng.

Colombia shooudu Bogota yi cih juh-baohdaao zhenduih yi ge zhehngzhihjia d baohzhah, shasii zuihshaao 5 ge rern her jii-shir ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia shǒudū  Bogota yī cì  jù-bàodǎo            zhēnduì     yī ge zhèngzhìjiā   d bàozhà,    shāsǐ  zuìshǎo   5 ge rén    hé  
Colombia shooudu Bogota yi cih juh-baohdaao         zhenduih    yi ge zhehngzhihjia d baohzhah,  shasii zuihshaao 5 ge rern   her 
Colombia capital Bogota a      according to reports be aimed at a     politician      explosion, kill   at least  5    people and 

jǐ-shí ge    shòushāng.
jii-shir ge  shouhshang.
several-tens be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====EU forces attack Somalia pirates=====

EU jūnduì gōngjī Somalia hǎidào

EU junduih gongji Somalia haaidaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
EU jūnduì  gōngjī Somalia hǎidào
EU junduih gongji Somalia haaidaoh
EU army    attack Somalia pirate
&lt;/pre&gt;

EU naval forces conduct their first raid on pirate bases on the Somalia mainland, saying they have destroyed several boats.

EU hǎijūn dì-1 cì xíjī Somalia dàlù d hǎidào jīdì, shēngchēng cuīhuǐ le jǐ sōu chuān.

EU haaijun dih-1 cih xirji Somalia dahluh d haaidaoh jidih, shengcheng cuihuii le jii sou chuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU hǎijūn  dì-1  cì   xíjī  Somalia  dàlù     d hǎidào   jīdì,  shēngchēng cuīhuǐ le  jǐ sōu  chuān.
EU haaijun dih-1 cih  xirji Somalia  dahluh   d haaidaoh jidih, shengcheng cuihuii le jii sou chuarn.
EU hǎijūn  first time attack Somalia mainland   pirate   base,  profess    destroyed  several boat.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-15====

=====Deadly blast hits Afghan market=====

Zhìmìng bàozhà xíjī Afghanistan shìchǎng

Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji Afghanistan shihchaang
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmìng   bàozhà   xíjī   Afghanistan shìchǎng
Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji  Afghanistan shihchaang
Deadly    blast    attack Afghanistan market
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb explosion at a market in northern Afghanistan has killed nine people, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, Afghanistan běibù shìchǎng zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ 9 rén.

Jiingfang shuo, Afghanistan beeibuh shihchaang zhahdahn baohzhah shasii 9 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng  shuō, Afghanistan běibù   shìchǎng   zhàdàn   bàozhà   shāsǐ  9 rén.
Jiingfang shuo, Afghanistan beeibuh shihchaang zhahdahn baohzhah shasii 9 rern.
Police    say,  Afghanistan north   market     bomb     blast    kill   9 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Only one in five eats five a day=====

Zhǐyǒu 1/5 rén yī tiān chī 5 zhǒng shūguǒ

Zhiiyoou 1/5 rern yi tian chi 5 zhoong shuguoo
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhǐyǒu   1/5 rén    yī tiān chī 5 zhǒng  shūguǒ
Zhiiyoou 1/5 rern   yi tian chi 5 zhoong shuguoo
Only     1/5 people a  day  eat 5 kind   vegetables and fruits
&lt;/pre&gt;

Just one in five Britons is eating the recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables a day, a poll for World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggests.

Shìjiè Áizhèng Yánjiū Jījīn (WCRF) d diàochá zhǐchū, zhǐyǒu 1/5 Yīngguórén měi tiān chī jiànyì d 5 zhǒng shuīguǒ.

Shihjieh Airzhehng Yarnjiu Jijin (WCRF) d diaohchar zhiichu, zhiiyoou 1/5 Yingguorrern meei tian chi jiahnyih d 5 zhoong shuiiguoo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shìjiè   Áizhèng   Yánjiū   Jījīn (WCRF) d diàochá   zhǐchū,    zhǐyǒu   1/5 Yīngguórén   měi   tiān chī jiànyì d    5 zhǒng  
Shihjieh Airzhehng Yarnjiu  Jijin (WCRF) d diaohchar zhiichu,   zhiiyoou 1/5 Yingguorrern meei  tian chi jiahnyih d  5 zhoong 
Word     Cancer    Research Fund  (WCRF)   search    point out, only     1/5 Briton       every day  eat recommended 5 kind   

shūguǒ.
shuguoo.
vegetables and fruits
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-14====

=====Afghan police kill UK servicemen=====

Afghanistan jǐngchá shāsǐ Yīngguó jūnrén

Afghanistan jiingchar shasii Yingguor junrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan jǐngchá   shāsǐ  Yīngguó  jūnrén
Afghanistan jiingchar shasii Yingguor junrern
Afghanistan police    kill   UK       soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two UK servicemen have been shot dead in southern Afghanistan by members of the Afghan national police force, the Ministry of Defence says.

Guófángbù shuō, liǎng ge Yīngguó jūnrén zài Afghanistan nánbù bèi Afghanistan jǐngchá shèshā.

Guorfarngbuh shuo, liaang ge Yingguor junrern zaih Afghanistan narnbuh beih Afghanistan jiingchar shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guófángbù           shuō, liǎng  ge Yīngguó  jūnrén  zài  Afghanistan nánbù   bèi  Afghanistan jǐngchá   shèshā.
Guorfarngbuh        shuo, liaang ge Yingguor junrern zaih Afghanistan narnbuh beih Afghanistan jiingchar shehsha.
Ministry of Defence say,  two       UK       soldier at   Afghanistan south   be   Afghanistan police    kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-13====

=====Eurozone economy to shrink by 0.3%, EU Commission says=====

EU Wěiyuánhuì shuō, Euro-qū jīngjì shōusuō 0.3%

EU Weeiyuarnhuih shuo, Euro-qu jingjih shousuo 0.3%
&lt;pre&gt;
EU Wěiyuánhuì    shuō, Euro-qū  jīngjì  shōusuō 0.3%
EU Weeiyuarnhuih shuo, Euro-qu  jingjih shousuo 0.3%
EU Commission    say,  Eurozone economy shrink  0.3%
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Eurozone economy is forecast to shrink this year as its debt crisis continues to bite.

Yóuyú zhàiwù wēijī chíxù, yùcè jīnnián Euro-qū jīngjì shōusuō.

Youryur zhaihwuh weiji chirxuh, yuhceh jinniarn Euro-qu jingjih shousuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú   zhàiwù   wēijī  chíxù,    yùcè     jīnnián   Euro-qū  jīngjì  shōusuō.
Youryur zhaihwuh weiji  chirxuh,  yuhceh   jinniarn  Euro-qu  jingjih shousuo.
Because debt     crisis continue, forecast this year Eurozone economy shrink.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-12====

=====Farc ambush leaves seven Colombian police dead=====

Farc máifú shāsǐ 7 ge Colombia jǐngchá

Farc mairfur shasii 7 ge Colombia jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Farc máifú   shāsǐ  7 ge Colombia jǐngchá
Farc mairfur shasii 7 ge Colombia jiingchar
Farc ambush  kill   7    Colombia police
&lt;/pre&gt;

Colombian Farc rebels have killed seven police officers in an ambush close to the Venezuelan border.

Colombia Farc zàofǎnzhě zài kàojìn Venezuela biānjiè d máifú shāsǐ 7 ge jǐngchá.

Colombia Farc zaohfaanzhee zaih kaohjihn Venezuela bianjieh d mairfur shasii 7 ge jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia Farc zàofǎnzhě    zài  kàojìn   Venezuela biānjiè  d máifú   shāsǐ  7 ge jǐngchá.
Colombia Farc zaohfaanzhee zaih kaohjihn Venezuela bianjieh d mairfur shasii 7 ge jiingchar.
Colombia Farc rebel        at   near     Venezuela border     ambush  kill   7    police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-11====

=====China suicide bomber kills two in &quot;housing dispute&quot;=====

中国 “房屋 纠纷”，自杀式 炸弹 杀死 2 人

Zhōngguó &quot;fángwū jiūfēn&quot;, zìshā-shì zhàdàn shāsǐ 2 rén

Zhongguor &quot;farngwu jiufen&quot; zihsha-shih zhahdahn shasii 2 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó &quot;fángwū  jiūfēn&quot;,  zìshā-shì     zhàdàn shāsǐ 2 rén
China    &quot;housing dispute&quot;, suicide-style bomb   kill  2 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A woman has blown herself up in protest over the demolition of her house in southern China, killing two people, Chinese state media say.

中国 国家 媒体 说，中国 南部 一个 女人 抗议 拆毁 她 的 房屋，炸死 她 自己 和 另外 两人。

Zhōngguó guójiā méitǐ shuō, Zhōngguó nánbù yī ge nǚrén kàngyì chāihuǐ tā d fángwū, zhàsǐ tā zìjǐ hé lìngwài liǎng rén.

Zhongguor guorjia meirtii shuo, Zhongguor narnbuh yi ge nvvrern kahngyih chaihuii ta d farngwu, zhahsii ta zihjii her lihngwaih liaang rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó guójiā méitǐ shuō, Zhōngguó nánbù yī ge nǚrén kàngyì  chāihuǐ  tā d fángwū, zhàsǐ             tā zìjǐ hé  lìngwài liǎng 
China    state  media say,  China    south a     woman protest demolish her  house,  kill by explosion herself and other   two 

rén.
people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-10====

=====China travel agencies &quot;suspend Philippine tours&quot;=====

中国 的 旅行社 “暂停 Philippines 旅游”

Zhōngguó d lǚxíngshè &quot;zàntíng Philippines lǚyóu&quot;

Zhongguor d lvvxirngsheh &quot;zahntirng Philippines lvvyour&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d lǚxíngshè     &quot;zàntíng Philippines lǚyóu&quot;
China's    travel agency &quot;suspend Philippines tour&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Most travel agencies in China have suspended tours to the Philippines amidst escalating tension in the South China Sea, Chinese state media said.

中国 国家 媒体 说，由于 南海 的 紧张 升级，中国 大部分 旅行社 暂停 Philippines 旅游。

Zhōngguó guójiā méitǐ shuō, yóuyú Nán Hǎi d jǐnzhāng shēngjí, Zhōngguó dàbùfèn lǚxíngshè zàntíng Philippines lǚyóu.

Zhongguor guorjia meirtii shuo, youryur Narn Haai d jiinzhang shengjir, Zhongguor dahbuhfehn lvvxirngsheh zahntirng Philippines lvvyour.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó guójiā méitǐ shuō, yóuyú   Nán Hǎi d         jǐnzhāng shēngjí,  Zhōngguó dàbùfèn lǚxíngshè     zàntíng Philippines lǚyóu.
China    state  media say,  because South China Sea's tension  escalate, China    most    travel agency suspend Philippines tour.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Sixth of cancers due to infection=====

Liuh-fenzhi-yi (1/6) airzhehng shih gaanraan yiinqii

Liù-fēnzhī-yī (1/6) áizhèng shì gǎnrǎn yǐnqǐ
&lt;pre&gt;
Liuh-fenzhi-yi airzhehng shih gaanraan  yiinqii
Liù-fēnzhī-yī  áizhèng   shì  gǎnrǎn    yǐnqǐ
One-sixth      cancer    is   infection to cause
&lt;/pre&gt;

One in six cancers - two million a year globally - are caused by infections, new estimates suggest.

Xin d gujih zhiichu, liuh-fenzhi-yi airzhehng - quarnqiur meei niarn liaang baaiwahn - shih gaanraan yiinqii d.

Xīn d gūjì zhǐchū, liù-fēnzhī-yī áizhèng - quánqiú měi nián liǎng bǎiwàn - shì gǎnrǎn yǐnqǐ d.
&lt;pre&gt;
Xin d gujih    zhiichu,  liuh-fenzhi-yi airzhehng - quarnqiur   meei  niarn liaang baaiwahn - shih gaanraan  yiinqii d.
Xīn d gūjì     zhǐchū,   liù-fēnzhī-yī  áizhèng   - quánqiú     měi   nián  liǎng  bǎiwàn   - shì  gǎnrǎn    yǐnqǐ d.
New   estimate point out one-sixth      cancer    - whole world every year  two    million  - is   infection to cause.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-09====

=====China buying oil from Iran with Renminbi=====

Zhongguor yohng Rernmirnbih maai Iran shiryour

Zhōngguó yòng Rénmínbì mǎi Iran shíyóu
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor yohng Rernmirnbih maai Iran shiryour
Zhōngguó  yòng  Rénmínbì    mǎi  Iran shíyóu
China     use   Renminbi    buy  Iran petroleum
&lt;/pre&gt;

China is buying crude oil from Iran using its currency the yuan, an Iranian diplomat has said.

Iran waihjiaoguan shuo, Zhongguor yohng Rernmirnbih maai Iran d yuarnyour.

Iran wàijiāoguān shuō, Zhōngguó yòng Rénmínbì mǎi Iran d yuányóu.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran waihjiaoguan shuo, Zhongguor yohng Rernmirnbih maai Iran d yuarnyour.
Iran wàijiāoguān  shuō, Zhōngguó  yòng  Rénmínbì    mǎi  Iran d yuányóu.
Iran diplomat     say,  China     use   Renminbi    buy  Iran's crude oil.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-08====

=====Weetabix bought by China's Bright Food=====

Zhongguor d Bright Food maaile Weetabix

Zhōngguó d Bright Food mǎile Weetabix
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor d Bright Food maaile Weetabix
Zhōngguó  d Bright Food mǎile  Weetabix
China's     Bright Food bought Weetabix
&lt;/pre&gt;

China's Bright Food has bought a controlling stake in Weetabix, which owns the breakfast cereal brand as well as Alpen and Ready Brek.

Zhongguor d Bright Food shougouhle Weetabix d kohngguuquarn.  Gai gongsi yongyoou zaaocan guuleih shirwuh shangbiao Weetabix, Alpen her Ready Brek.

Zhōngguó d Bright Food shōugòule Weetabix d kònggǔquán.  Gāi gōngsī yōngyǒu zǎocān gǔlèi shíwù shāngbiāo Weetabix, Alpen hé Ready Brek.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhongguor d Bright Food shougouhle Weetabix d kohngguuquarn.      Gai  gongsi  yongyoou zaaocan   guuleih shirwuh shangbiao 
Zhōngguó  d Bright Food shōugòule  Weetabix d kònggǔquán.         Gāi  gōngsī  yōngyǒu  zǎocān    gǔlèi   shíwù   shāngbiāo 
China's     Bright Food bought     Weetabix's controlling stake.  This company own      breakfast cereal  food    brand 

Weetabix, Alpen her Ready Brek.
Weetabix, Alpen hé  Ready Brek.
Weetabix, Alpen and Ready Brek.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-07====

=====Persistent cough &quot;cancer warning&quot;=====

Chirxuh kersouh &quot;airzhehng xuhnhaoh&quot;

Chíxù késòu &quot;áizhèng xùnhào&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Chirxuh    kersouh &quot;airzhehng xuhnhaoh&quot;
Chíxù      késòu   &quot;áizhèng   xùnhào&quot;
Persistent cough   &quot;cancer    signal&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The public should be vigilant about persistent coughs as they could be a sign of lung cancer, a new government advertising drive is warning.

Xin d zhehngfuu xuanchuarn jiinggaoh, gongzhohng yinggai jiingti chirxuh kersouh keenerng shih feih`air xuhnhaoh.

Xīn d zhèngfǔ xuānchuán jǐnggào, gōngzhòng yīnggāi jǐngtī chíxù késòu kěnéng shì fèi'ái xùnhào.
&lt;pre&gt;
Xin d zhehngfuu  xuanchuarn jiinggaoh, gongzhohng yinggai jiingti     chirxuh    kersouh keenerng shih feih`air    xuhnhaoh.
Xīn d zhèngfǔ    xuānchuán  jǐnggào,   gōngzhòng  yīnggāi jǐngtī      chíxù      késòu   kěnéng   shì  fèi'ái      xùnhào.
New   government propaganda warn,      public     should  be vigilant persistent cough   could    be   lung cancer signal.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-06====

=====Hollande wins French presidency=====

Hollande yirngder Faaguor zoongtoong xuaanjuu

Hollande yíngdé Fǎguó zǒngtǒng xuǎnjǔ
&lt;pre&gt;
Hollande yirngder Faaguor zoongtoong xuaanjuu
Hollande yíngdé   Fǎguó   zǒngtǒng   xuǎnjǔ
Hollande win      France  president  election
&lt;/pre&gt;

Socialist Francois Hollande is elected as France's president, defeating incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy.

Shehhuihzhuuyih d Francois Hollande dangxuaan Faaguor zoongtoong, jibaih xiahnrehn d Nicolas Sarkozy.

Shèhuìzhǔyì d Francois Hollande dāngxuǎn Fǎguó zǒngtǒng, jībài xiànrèn d Nicolas Sarkozy.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shehhuihzhuuyih d Francois Hollande dangxuaan   Faaguor zoongtoong, jibaih xiahnrehn d Nicolas Sarkozy.
Shèhuìzhǔyì     d Francois Hollande dāngxuǎn    Fǎguó   zǒngtǒng,   jībài  xiànrèn   d Nicolas Sarkozy.
Socialism         Francois Hollande get elected France  president,  defeat incumbent   Nicolas Sarkozy.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Massive rise in Asian eye damage=====

Yahzhou d yaanjing suunhaih dahliahng zengjia

Yàzhōu d yǎnjīng sǔnhài dàliàng zēngjiā
&lt;pre&gt;
Yahzhou d yaanjing suunhaih dahliahng zengjia
Yàzhōu  d yǎnjīng  sǔnhài   dàliàng   zēngjiā
Asia's    eye      damage   massive   increase
&lt;/pre&gt;

Up to 90% of school leavers in major Asian cities are suffering from myopia, according to a new study.

Genjuh xin d yarnjiu, Yahzhou zhuuyaoh cherngshih d bihyehsheng jiuucherng yoou jihnshih wehntir.

Gēnjù xīn d yánjiū, Yàzhōu zhǔyào chéngshì d bìyèshēng jiǔchéng yǒu jìnshì wèntí.
&lt;pre&gt;
Genjuh       xin d yarnjiu, Yahzhou zhuuyaoh cherngshih d bihyehsheng jiuucherng yoou jihnshih wehntir.
Gēnjù        xīn d yánjiū,  Yàzhōu  zhǔyào   chéngshì   d bìyèshēng   jiǔchéng   yǒu  jìnshì   wèntí.
According to new   study,   Asia    major    city         graduate    90%        have myopia   problem.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-05====

=====Pakistan market bomb &quot;kills 20&quot;=====

Pakistan shihchaang zhahdahn &quot;shasii 20 rern&quot;

Pakistan shìchǎng zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ 20 rén&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan shihchaang zhahdahn &quot;shasii 20 rern&quot;
Pakistan shìchǎng   zhàdàn   &quot;shāsǐ  20 rén&quot;
Pakistan market     bomb     &quot;kill   20 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb targeting security forces near a marketplace in north-west Pakistan has killed at least 20 people, local officials say.

Dangdih guanyuarn shuo, Pakistan xibeeibuh shihchaang fuhjihn, yi ge zhenduih baao`an buhduih d zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 20 rern.

Dāngdì guānyuán shuō, Pakistan xīběibù shìchǎng fùjìn, yī ge zhēnduì bǎo'àn bùduì d zhàdàn shāsǐ zuìshǎo 20 rén.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dangdih guanyuarn shuo, Pakistan xibeeibuh shihchaang fuhjihn,  yi ge zhenduih baao`an  buhduih d zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 20 
Dāngdì  guānyuán  shuō, Pakistan xīběibù   shìchǎng   fùjìn,    yī ge zhēnduì  bǎo'àn   bùduì   d zhàdàn   shāsǐ  zuìshǎo   20 
Local   official  say,  Pakistan northwest market     vicinity, a     aim at   security forces    bomb     kill   at least  20 

rern.
rén.
people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-04====

=====Syria students &quot;killed in Aleppo&quot;=====

Syria xuersheng &quot;zaih Aleppo beihsha&quot;

Syria xuéshēng &quot;zài Aleppo bèishā&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria xuersheng &quot;zaih Aleppo beihsha&quot;
Syria xuéshēng  &quot;zài  Aleppo bèishā&quot;
Syria student   &quot;at   Aleppo be killed&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least four people are killed as Syrian security forces and militiamen raid student accommodation in the second city, Aleppo, activists say.

Huoryueh fehnzii shuo, Syria baao`an buhduih her mirnbing xirji dih-erh cherngshih Aleppo d xuersheng suhsheh, zuihshaao 4 rern beihsha.

Huóyuè fènzǐ shuō, Syria bǎo'ān bùduì hé mínbīng xíjī dì-èr chéngshì Aleppo d xuéshēng sùshè, zuìshǎo 4 rén bèishā.
&lt;pre&gt;
Huoryueh fehnzii shuo, Syria baao`an  buhduih her mirnbing   xirji dih-erh cherngshih Aleppo d xuersheng suhsheh,       zuihshaao 4
Huóyuè-fènzǐ     shuō, Syria bǎo'ān   bùduì   hé  mínbīng    xíjī  dì-èr   chéngshì   Aleppo d xuéshēng  sùshè,         zuìshǎo   4
Activist         say,  Syria security force   and militiaman raid  second  city       Aleppo's student   accommodation, at least  4

rern   beihsha.
rén    bèishā.
people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-03====

=====Eurozone jobless rate hits record high=====

Euro-qu shiyehlvh dardaoh gao d jihluh

Euro-qū shīyèlǜ dádào gāo d jìlù
&lt;pre&gt;
Euro-qu  shiyehlvh    dardaoh gao d jihluh
Euro-qū  shīyèlǜ      dádào   gāo d jìlù
Eurozone jobless rate reach   high  record
&lt;/pre&gt;

Unemployment in the Eurozone reached a record high again in March as spending cuts continued to hit the working population.

Youryur jiinsuo kaizhi jihxuh daaji jiuhyeh, Euro-qu Sanyueh d shiyehlvh zaihcih dardaoh gao d jihluh.

Yóuyú jǐnsuō kāizhī jìxù dǎjī jiùyè, Euro-qū Sānyuè d shīyèlǜ zàicì dádào gāo d jìlù.
&lt;pre&gt;
Youryur jiinsuo  kaizhi   jihxuh   daaji jiuhyeh,    Euro-qu  Sanyueh d shiyehlvh    zaihcih dardaoh gao d jihluh.
Yóuyú   jǐnsuō   kāizhī   jìxù     dǎjī  jiùyè,      Euro-qū  Sānyuè  d shīyèlǜ      zàicì   dádào   gāo d jìlù.
Because cut down expenses continue hit   employment, Eurozone March's   unemployment again   reach   high  record.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-02====

=====Syria violence &quot;leaves 30 dead&quot;=====

Syria baohlih &quot;zaohcherng 30 rern siiwarng&quot;

Syria bàolì &quot;zàochéng 30 rén sǐwáng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria baohlih  &quot;zaohcherng 30 rern   siiwarng&quot;
Syria bàolì    &quot;zàochéng   30 rén    sǐwáng&quot;
syria violence &quot;to cause   30 people die&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Activists report that at least 30 people, including nine members of one family and 12 soldiers, have been killed in separate attacks in Syria.

Huoryueh fehnzii baohdaao, Syria butorng d xirji shasii zuihshaao 30 rern, baokuoh 9 ge jiatirng cherngyuarn her 12 ge junrern.

Huóyuè fènzǐ bàodǎo, Syria bùtóng d xíjī shāsǐ zuìshǎo 30 rén, bāokuò 9 ge jiātíng chéngyuán hé 12 ge jūnrén.
&lt;pre&gt;
Huoryueh fehnzii baohdaao, Syria butorng d xirji  shasii zuihshaao 30 rern,   baokuoh 9 ge jiatirng cherngyuarn her 12 ge junrern.
Huóyuè-fènzǐ     bàodǎo,   Syria bùtóng  d xíjī   shāsǐ  zuìshǎo   30 rén,    bāokuò  9 ge jiātíng  chéngyuán   hé  12 ge jūnrén.
Activist         report,   Syria different attack kill   at least  30 people, include 9    family   member      and 12    armyman.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-05-01====

=====Australian billionaire Clive Palmer to build Titanic II=====

Australia billionaire Clive Palmer jiahnzaoh Titanic II

Australia billionaire Clive Palmer jiànzào Titanic II
&lt;pre&gt;
Australia billionaire Clive Palmer jiahnzaoh Titanic II
Australia billionaire Clive Palmer jiànzào   Titanic II
Australia billionaire Clive Palmer build     Titanic II
&lt;/pre&gt;

Clive Palmer, one of Australia's richest men, has commissioned a Chinese state-owned company to build a 21st Century version of the Titanic.

Clive Palmer, Australia zuih yoouqiarn d rern zhiyi, weeituole Zhongguor guoryirng gongsi jiahnzaoh 21 shihjih d Titanic.

Clive Palmer, Australia zuì yǒuqián d rén zhīyī, wěituōle Zhōngguó guóyíng gōngsī jiànzào 21 shìjì d Titanic.
&lt;pre&gt;
Clive Palmer, Australia zuih yoouqiarn d rern   zhiyi,  weeituole    Zhongguor guoryirng   gongsi  jiahnzaoh 21 shihjih d Titanic.
Clive Palmer, Australia zuì  yǒuqián   d rén    zhīyī,  wěituōle     Zhōngguó  guóyíng     gōngsī  jiànzào   21 shìjì d   Titanic.
Clive Palmer, Australia most rich        people one of, commissioned China     state-owned company build     21 century's Titanic.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-30====

=====Deadly attack at Nigerian college=====

Nigeria dàxué d zhìmìng xíjī

Nigeria dahxuer d zhihmihng xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria dàxué d      zhìmìng xíjī
Nigeria university's deadly  attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

A gun and bomb attack at a university in northern Nigeria leaves at least 16 people dead and six seriously injured, the Nigerian Red Cross says.

Nigeria Hóngshízìhuì shuō, Nigeria běibù dàxué d qiāngjī hé zhàdàn xíjī zàochéng zuìshǎo 16 rén sǐwáng hé 6 ge zhòngshāng.

Nigeria Horngshirzihhuih shuo, Nigeria beeibuh dahxuer d qiangji her zhahdahn xirji zaohcherng zuihshaao 16 rern siiwarng her 6 ge zhohongshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria Hóngshízìhuì shuō, Nigeria běibù dàxué d      qiāngjī  hé  zhàdàn xíjī   zàochéng zuìshǎo  16 rén    sǐwáng hé  6 ge 
Nigeria Red Cross    say,  Nigeria north university's shooting and bomb   attack to cause at least 16 people die    and 6    

zhòngshāng.
severe injury.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Farc rebels kill eight in Colombia attacks=====

Farc zàofǎnzhě zài Colombia d xíjī shāsǐ 8 rén

Farc zaohfaanzhee zaih Colombia d xirji shasii 8 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Farc zàofǎnzhě zài Colombia d xíjī   shāsǐ 8 rén
Farc rebel     at  Colombia's attack kill  8 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

The authorities in Colombia say left-wing Farc rebels have killed eight people including an infant in two separate attacks.

Colombia dāngjú shuó zuǒpài Farc zàofǎnzhě zài liǎng cì bùtóng d xíjī shāsǐ 8 rén bāokuò yī ge yīng'ér.

Colombia dangjur shuo zuoopaih Farc zaohfaanzhee zaih liaang cih butorng d xirji shasii 8 rern baokuoh yi ge ying`err.
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia dāngjú    shuó zuǒpài    Farc zàofǎnzhě zài liǎng cì bùtóng d  xíjī   shāsǐ 8 rén    bāokuò  yī ge yīng'ér.
Colombia authority say  left-wing Farc rebel     at  two      different attack kill  8 people include a     infant.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Bomb leaves 10 Afghan police dead=====

Zhàdàn shāsǐ 10 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá

Zhahdahn shasii 10 ge Afghanistan jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhàdàn shāsǐ 10 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá
Bomb   kill  10    Afghanistan police
&lt;/pre&gt;

A roadside bomb in eastern Afghanistan has killed 10 members of the country's security forces, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù lùbiān zhàdàn shāsǐ 10 ge guójiā ānquán bùduì chéngyuán.

Guanfang shuo, Afghanistan dongbuh luhbian zhahdahn shasii 10 ge guorjia anquarn buhduih cherngyuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan dōngbù lùbiān   zhàdàn shāsǐ 10 ge guójiā  ānquán   bùduì  chéngyuán.
Officials say,  Afghanistan east   roadside bomb   kill  10    country security forces member.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-29====

=====South Sudan awaits big China loan=====

South Sudan děngdài Zhōngguó d jùdà jièkuǎn

South Sudan deengdaih Zhongguor d juhdah jiehkuaan
&lt;pre&gt;
South Sudan děngdài Zhōngguó d jùdà jièkuǎn
South Sudan await   China's    huge loan
&lt;/pre&gt;

Officials in South Sudan say China has agreed to loan it $8bn for major development projects, following a presidential visit to Beijing.

South Sudan guānfāng shuō, zài zǒngtǒng fǎngwèn Běijīng zhīhòu, Zhōngguó tóngyì jièchū USD8bn yòngyú zhǔyào d fāzhǎn xiàngmǔ.

South Sudan guanfang shuo, zaih zoongtoong faangwehn Beeijing zhihouh, Zhongguor toongyih jiehchu USD8bn yohngyur zhuuyaoh d fazhaan xiahngmuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
South Sudan guānfāng  shuō, zài zǒngtǒng  fǎngwèn Běijīng zhīhòu, Zhōngguó tóngyì jièchū  USD8bn yòngyú zhǔyào d 
South Sudan officials say,  at  president visit   Beijing -after, China    agree  to loan USD8bn use in major    

fāzhǎn      xiàngmǔ.
development project.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-28====

=====Deadly blast hits Syrian capital=====

Zhìmìng bàozhà xíjī Syria shǒudū

Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji Syria shooudu
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmìng bàozhà xíjī   Syria shǒudū
Deadly  blast  attack Syria capital
&lt;/pre&gt;

Syrian state TV says a suicide bomber has struck in the capital Damascus, killing at least 10 people and wounding 20 others.

Syria guójiā diànshì shuō zhàdàn xíjī shǒudū Damascus, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 10 rén hé 20 ge shòushāng.

Syria guorjia diahnshih shuo, zhahdahn xirji shooudu Damascus, shasii zuihshaao 10 rern her 20 ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria guójiā diànshì shuō zhàdàn xíjī   shǒudū  Damascus, shāsǐ zuìshǎo  10 rén    hé  20 ge shòushāng.
Syria state  TV      say  bomb   attack capital Damascus, kill  at least 10 people and 20    be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-27====

=====Iraq cafe bomb attacks kill eight=====

Iraq kāfēidiàn zhàdàn xíjī shāsǐ 8 rén

Iraq kafeidiahn zhàdahn xirji shasii 8 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq kāfēidiàn zhàdàn xíjī   shāsǐ 8 rén
Iraq cafe      bomb   attack kill  8 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least eight people are killed and 15 others injured in two bomb blasts at a cafe in Iraq's restive province of Diyala, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Iraq dòngluàn shěngfèn Diyala yī jiān kāfēidiàn d liǎng ge zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo 8 rén bèishā hé 15 rén shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo, Iraq dohngluahn sheengfehn Diyala yi jian kafeidiahn d liaang ge zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 8 rern beihsha her 15 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Iraq dòngluàn shěngfèn Diyala yī jiān kāfēidiàn d liǎng ge zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo  8 rén    bèishā    hé  15 
Officials say,  Iraq restive  province Diyala a       cafe        two      bomb   blast,  at least 8 people be killed and 15 

rén    shòushāng.
people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-26====

=====Police injured by Bahrain blast=====

Bahrain bàozhà jǐngchá shòushāng

Bahrain baohzhah jiingchar shouhshang
&lt;pre&gt;
Bahrain bàozhà jǐngchá shòushāng
Bahrain blast  police  be injured
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb explosion has wounded four members of Bahrain's police force - two of them seriously - during clashes with protesters, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, yǔ kàngyìzhě chōngtū qījiān, yī ge zhàdàn zhàshāng 4 ge jǐngchá, qízhōng liǎng ge zhòngshāng.

Guanfang shuo, yuu kahngyihzhee chongtu qijian, yi ge zhahdahn zhahshang 4 ge jiingchar, qirzhong liaang ge zhohngshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, yǔ   kàngyìzhě chōngtū qījiān, yī ge zhàdàn zhàshāng            4 ge jǐngchá, qízhōng    liǎng ge zhòngshāng.
Officials say,  with protester clash   period, a     bomb   injure by explosion 4    police,  among them two      serious wound.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Communist rebels kill 10 soldiers in the Philippines=====

Philippines gòngchǎnzhǔyì zàofǎnzhě shāsǐ 10 ge shìbīng

Philippines gohngchaanzhuuyih zaohfaanzhee shasii 10 ge shihbing
&lt;pre&gt;
Philippines gòngchǎnzhǔyì zàofǎnzhě shāsǐ 10 ge shìbīng
Philippines communism     rebel     kill  10    soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 Philippine soldiers have been killed in an ambush by communist rebels in the north of the country, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Philippines běibù gòngchǎnzhǔyì zàofǎnzhě máifú shāsǐ zuìshǎo 10 ge shìbīng.

Guanfang shuo, Philippines beeibuh gohngchaanzhuuyih zaohfaanzhee mairfur shasii zuihshaao 10 ge shihbing.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Philippines běibù gòngchǎnzhǔyì zàofǎnzhě máifú  shāsǐ zuìshǎo  10 ge shìbīng.
Officials say,  Philippines north communism     rebel     ambush kill  at least 10    soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-25====

=====Lahore station bomb &quot;kills two&quot;=====

Lahore chēzhàn zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ liǎng rén&quot;

Lahore chezhahn zhahdahn &quot;shasii liaang rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Lahore chēzhàn zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ liǎng rén&quot;
Lahore station bomb   &quot;kill  two   people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least two people are killed in a bomb blast at the main railway station in the Pakistani city of Lahore, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, Pakistan chéngshì Lahore d zhǔyào huǒchēzhàn fāshēng zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo liǎng rén sǐwáng.

Jiingfang shuo, Pakistan cherngshih Lahore d zhuuyaoh huoochezhahn fasheng zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao liaang rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng shuō, Pakistan chéngshì   Lahore d zhǔyào huǒchēzhàn      fāshēng zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo  liǎng rén    sǐwáng.
Police   say,  Pakistan cherngshih Lahore's main   railway station happen  bomb   blast,  at least two   people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-24====

=====India Maoist rebels set conditions to free official=====

India Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě tíchū shìfàng guānyuán d tiáojiàn

India Maorzhuuyih zaohfaanzhee tirchu shihfahng guanyuarn d tiaorjiahn
&lt;pre&gt;
India Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě tíchū       shìfàng guānyuán d tiáojiàn
India Maoism   rebel     put forward to free official   condition
&lt;/pre&gt;

Maoist rebels in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh have demanded the release of some cadres and withdrawal of security forces in exchange for freeing a senior official.

India zhōngbù shěngfèn Chhattisgarh d Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě yāoqiú shìfàng yīxiè gànbù hé chèduì bǎo'ān bùduì yǐ jiāohuàn yī ge gāojī guānyuán.

India zhongbuh sheengfehn Chhattisgarh d Maorzhuuyih zaohfaanzhee yaoqiur shihfahng yixie gahnbuh her chehtuih baao`an buhduih yii jiaohuahn yi ge gaojir guanyuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
India zhōngbù         shěngfèn Chhattisgarh d Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě yāoqiú shìfàng yīxiè gànbù hé  chèduì   bǎo'ān   bùduì 
India central section province Chhattisgarh's Maoism   rebel     demand release some  cadre and withdraw security army  

yǐ          jiāohuàn yī ge gāojī  guānyuán.
in order to exchange a     senior official.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-23====

=====&quot;Huge&quot; water resource in Africa=====

Fēizhōu d &quot;jùdà&quot; shuǐzīyuán

Feizhou d &quot;juhdah&quot; shuiiziyuarn
&lt;pre&gt;
Fēizhōu d &quot;jùdà&quot; shuǐziyuán
Africa's  &quot;huge&quot; water resource
&lt;/pre&gt;

Scientists say the dry continent of Africa is sitting on a vast reservoir of groundwater.

Kēxuéjiā shuō, gānhàn d dàlù Fēizhōu shì zài yī ge jùdà d dìxià shuǐkù shàngmiàn.

Kexuerjia shuo, ganhahn d dahluh Feizhou shih zaih yi ge juhdah d dihxiah shuiikuh shahngmiahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kēxuéjiā  shuō, gānhàn d dàlù      Fēizhōu shì zài yī ge jùdà d dìxià       shuǐkù    shàngmiàn.
Scientist say,  dry      continent Africa  is  at  a     huge   underground reservoir upper side.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-22====

=====&quot;Protester shot dead&quot; in Bahrain=====

Bahrain &quot;kàngyìzhě bèi shèshā&quot;

Bahrain &quot;kahngyihzhee beih shehsha&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Bahrain &quot;kàngyìzhě bèi shèshā&quot;
Bahrain &quot;protester be  kill by shooting&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A man is shot dead in Bahrain during overnight clashes with police, activists say.

Huóyuè fènzǐ shuō, zài zhěngyè yǔ jǐngchá chōngtū qījiān, yī ge nánrén zài Bahrain bèi shèshā.

Huoryueh fehnzii shuo, zaih zheengyeh yuu jiingchar chongtu qijian, yi ge narnrern zaih Bahrain beih shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Huóyuè fènzǐ  shuō, zài zhěngyè     yǔ   jǐngchá chōngtū qījiān, yī ge nánrén zài Bahrain bèi shèshā.
Active member say,  at  whole night with police  clash   period, a     man    at  Bahrain be  kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China frees Vietnamese fishermen held on Xisha Islands=====

Zhōngguó shìfàng zài Xīshā Qúndǎo bèi kòuliú d Yuènán yúmín

Zhongguor shihfahng zaih Xisha Qurndaao beih kouhliur d Yuehnarn yurmirn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó shìfàng zài Xīshā Qúndǎo  bèi kòuliú d Yuènán   yúmín
China    to free at  Xisha Islands be  detain   Viet Nam fisherman
&lt;/pre&gt;

China has freed 21 Vietnamese fishermen detained last month near Xisha islands in the South China Sea, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Zhōngguó shìfàngle shànggeyuè zài Nán Hǎi kàojìn Xīshā Qúndǎo bèi kòuliú d 21 ge Yuènán yúmín.

Guanfang shuo, Zhongguor shihfahngle shahnggeyueh zaih Narn Haai kaohjihn Xisha Qurndaao beih kouhliur d 21 ge Yuehnarn yurmirn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Zhōngguó shìfàngle shànggeyuè zài Nán Hǎi         kàojìn Xīshā Qúndǎo  bèi kòuliú d 21 ge Yuènán   yúmín.
Officials say,  China    freed     last month at  South China Sea near   Xisha Islands be  detain   21    Viet Nam fisherman.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-21====

=====South Sudan &quot;to withdraw troops&quot; from Heglig oil field=====

South Sudan cóng Heglig yóutián &quot;chèjūn&quot;

South Sudan corng Heglig yourtiarn &quot;chehjun&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
South Sudan cóng Heglig yóutián   &quot;chèjūn&quot;
South Sudan form Heglig oil field &quot;withdraw troop&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

South Sudan's President Salva Kiir has ordered the withdrawal of his troops from the Heglig oil field in Sudan.

South Sudan Zǒngtǒng Salva Kiir yǐjīng mìnglìng tād jūnduì cóng Sudan d Heglig yóutián chèjūn.

South Sudan Zoongtoong Salva Kiir yiijing mihnglihng tad junduih corng Sudan d Heglig yourtiarn chehjun.
&lt;pre&gt;
South Sudan Zǒngtǒng  Salva Kiir yǐjīng  mìnglìng tād jūnduì cóng Sudan d Heglig yóutián   chèjūn.
South Sudan President Salva Kiir already order    his troop  from Sudan's Heglig oil field withdraw troop.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan mourns air crash victims=====

Pakistan āidào kōngnàn sǐzhě

Pakistan aidaoh kongnahn siizhee
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan āidào kōngnàn           sǐzhě
Pakistan mourn airplane disaster the dead
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pakistan begins mourning the victims of a plane crash in a residential area near Islamabad airport - all 127 on board are believed to have died.

Pakistan kāishǐ āidào zài Islamabad fēijīchǎng fùjìn zhùzháiqū zhuìhuǐ fēijī d shòuhàizhě - fēijī shang quánbù 127 rén xiāngxìn yǐjīng sǐwáng.

Pakistan kaishii aidaoh zaih Islamabad feijichaang fuhjihn zhuhzhairqu zhuihhuii feiji d shouhhaihzhee - feiji shang quarnbuh 127 rern xiangxihn yiijing siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan kāishǐ āidào zài Islamabad fēijīchǎng fùjìn    zhùzháiqū        zhuìhuǐ fēijī d shòuhàizhě - fēijī shang quánbù 127 
Pakistan begin  mourn at  Islamabad airport    vicinity residential area crash   plane   victim     - plane -on   all    127 

rén    xiāngxìn yǐjīng  sǐwáng.
people believe  already die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Airliner crashes near Islamabad=====

Kèjī zài Islamabad fùjìn zhuìhuì

Kehji zaih Islamabad fuhjihn zhuihhuii
&lt;pre&gt;
Kèjī     zài Islamabad fùjìn    zhuìhuì
Airliner at  Islamabad vicinity crash
&lt;/pre&gt;

A plane carrying up to 127 people crashes in a residential area near Islamabad international airport - with no reports of survivors.

Yī jià zàizhe 127 rén d fēijī zài Islamabad guójì fēijīchǎng fùjìn d zhùzháiqū zhuìhuǐ, méiyǒu shēnghuán bàogào.

Yi jiah zaihzhe 127 rern d feiji zaih Islamabad guorjih feijichaang fuhjihn d zhuhzhairqu zhuihhuii, meiryoou shenghuarn baohgaoh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yī jià zàizhe   127 rén d  fēijī zài Islamabad guójì         fēijīchǎng fùjìn d  zhùzháiqū        zhuìhuǐ, méiyǒu   shēnghuán 
A      carrying 127 people plane at  Islamabad international airport    vicinity residential area crash,   not have survive   

bàogào.
report.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-20====

=====Nato helicopter in Afghan crash=====

Nato zhíshēngjī zài Afghanistan zhuìhuì

Nato zhirshengji zaih Afghanistan zhuihhuii
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato zhíshēngjī zài Afghanistan zhuìhuì
Nato helicopter at  Afghanistan crash
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Nato Black Hawk helicopter crashes in southern Afghanistan, with four people on board, US officials say.

Měiguó guānfāng shuō, yī jià zàizhe 4 rén d Nato Black Hawk zhíshēngjī zài Afghanistan nánbù zhuìhuǐ.

Meeguor guanfang shuo, yi jiah zaihzhe 4 rern d Nato Black Hawk zhirshengji zaih Afghanistan narnbuh zhuihhuii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Měiguó guānfāng  shuō, yī jià zàizhe   4 rén d  Nato Black Hawk zhíshēngjī zài Afghanistan nánbù zhuìhuǐ.
US     officials say,  a      carrying 4 people Nato Black Hawk helicopter at  Afghanistan south crash.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Iraqi cities hit by deadly blasts=====

Zhìmìng bàozhà xíjī Iraq chéngshì

Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji Iraq cherngshih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmìng bàozhà xíjī   Iraq chéngshì
Deadly  blast  attack Iraq city
&lt;/pre&gt;

A series of deadly blasts strikes a number of Iraqi cities, killing at least 35 people and injuring 100 more, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, yīxìliè zhìmìngd bàozhà xíjī hěn duō Iraq d chéngshì, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 35 rén hé 100 duō rén shòushāng.

Jiingfang shuo, yixihlieh zhihmihngd baohzhah xirji heen duo Iraq d cherngshih, shasii zuihshaao 35 rern her 100 duō rern shòushang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng shuō, yīxìliè     zhìmìngd bàozhà xíjī   hěn  duō  Iraq d chéngshì, shāsǐ zuìshǎo  35 rén    hé  100 duō  rén    
Police   say,  a series of deadly   blast  attack very many Iraq's city,     kill  at least 35 people and 100 more people 

shòushāng.
be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-19====

=====Sudan leader vows to &quot;free&quot; South=====

Sudan lǐngdǎorén xuāngào &quot;jiěfàng&quot; South Sudan

Sudan liingdaaorern xuangaoh &quot;jieefahng&quot; South Sudan
&lt;pre&gt;
Sudan lǐngdǎorén xuāngào &quot;jiěfàng&quot;  South Sudan
Sudan leader     declare &quot;liberate&quot; South Sudan
&lt;/pre&gt;

Sudan's president says his goal is to liberate South Sudan's people from their government, as fears grow of an all-out war between the two countries.

Sudan zǒngtǒng dǎsuàn jiěfàng South Sudan d rénmín, kěnéng yǐnqǐ quánmiànd zhànzhēng.

Sudan zoongtoong daasuahn jieefahng South Sudan d rernmirn, keenerng yiinqii quarnmiahnd zhahnzheng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Sudan zǒngtǒng  dǎsuàn jiěfàng  South Sudan d rénmín, kěnéng yǐnqǐ quánmiànd zhànzhēng.
Sudan president intend liberate South Sudan's people, may    cause all-out   war.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-18====

=====China's Three Gorges Dam may displace another 100,000=====

Zhōngguó d Sān Xiá Shuǐbà kěnéng zàicì qiānyí 100,000 rén

Zhongguor d San Xiar Shuiibah keenerng zaihcih qianyir 100,000 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d Sān   Xiá   Shuǐbà kěnéng zàicì qiānyí  100,000 rén
China's    Three Gorge Dam    may    again migrate 100,00  people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Another 100,000 people may be moved from the area around China's massive Three Gorges Dam because of landslides and bank collapses, state media say.

Yóuyú tāfāng hé dī'àn dǎotā, Zhōngguó jùdàd Sān Xiá Shuǐbà fùjìn lìngyī cì 100,000 jūmín kěnéng bèi qiānyí.

Youryur tafang her di`ahn daaota, Zhongguor juhdahd San Xiar Shuiibah fuhjihn lihngyi cih 100,000 jumirn keenerng beih qianyir.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yóuyú   tāfāng    hé  dī'àn      dǎotā,    Zhōngguó jùdàd Sān   Xiá   Shuǐbà fùjìn    lìngyī cì 100,000 jūmín    kěnéng 
Because landslide and embankment collapse, China    huge  Three Gorge Dam    vicinity another   100,000 resident may    

bèi qiānyí.
be  migrate.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-17====

=====Sugar warning on &quot;healthy&quot; drinks=====

&quot;Jiànkāng&quot; yǐnpǐn táng d jǐnggào

&quot;Jiahnkang&quot; yiinpiin tarng d jiinggaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;Jiànkāng&quot; yǐnpǐn táng d jǐnggào
&quot;Healthy&quot;  drinks sugar  warning
&lt;/pre&gt;

People underestimate the amount of sugar in drinks which are perceived to be &quot;healthy&quot;, research suggests.

Yánjiū zhǐchū, rénmen dīgū suǒwèi jiànkāng yǐnpǐn d táng hánliàng.

Yarnjiu zhiichu, rernmen digu suooweih jiahnkang yiinpiin d tarng harnliahng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū   zhǐchū,    rénmen dīgū          suǒwèi    jiànkāng yǐnpǐn d táng  hánliàng.
Research point out, people underestimate so-called healthy  drinks   sugar content.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-16====

=====Taliban strike across Afghanistan in &quot;spring offensive&quot;=====

Taliban fādòng xíjī zhěngge Afghanistan d &quot;chūnjì gōngshì&quot;

Taliban fadohng xirji zheengge Afghanistan d &quot;chunjih gongshih&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban fādòng xíjī   zhěngge Afghanistan d &quot;chūnjì gōngshì&quot;
Taliban launch attach whole   Afghanistan   &quot;spring offensive&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Militants have staged a wave of co-ordinated attacks on the Afghan capital Kabul and other locations.

Wǔzhuāng fènzǐ kāishǐle yīxìliè yǒu zǔzhī d duì Afghanistan shǒudū Kabul hé qítā dìqū d xíjī.

Wuuzhuang fehnzii kaishiile yixihlieh yoou zuuzhi d duih Afghanistan shooudu Kabul her qirta dihqu d xirji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Wǔzhuāng fènzǐ  kāishǐle yīxìliè     yǒu zǔzhī d duì Afghanistan shǒudū  Kabul hé  qítā  dìqū d xíjī.
Armed    member started  a series of organized   to  Afghanistan capital Kabul and other area   attack.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-15====

=====Militants free hundreds in attack on Pakistan jail=====

Wǔzhuāng fènzǐ xíjī Pakistan jiānyù, fàngzǒu jǐ-bǎi rén

Wuuzhuang fehnzii xirji Pakistan jianyuh, fahngzoou jii-baai rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Wǔzhuāng fènzǐ  xíjī   Pakistan jiānyù, fàngzǒu jǐ-bǎi          rén
Armed    member attack Pakistan jail,   release several hundred people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Almost 400 prisoners have escaped from a prison in Pakistan after it was attacked by militants, officials say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, wǔzhuāng fènzǐ xíjī Pakistan d jiānyù, fàngzǒule chàbuduō 400 ge fànrén.

Jiingfang shuo, wuuzhuang fehnzii xirji Pakistan d jianyuh, fahngzooule chahbuduo 400 ge fahnrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng shuō, wǔzhuāng fènzǐ xíjī    Pakistan d jiānyù, fàngzǒule chàbuduō 400 ge fànrén.
Police   say,  armed    member attack Pakistan's prison, released  almost   400    prisoner.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Militants attack Yemen checkpoint=====

Wǔzhuāng fènzǐ xíjī Yemen jiǎncházhàn

Wuuzhuang fehnzii xirji Yemen jiaancharzhahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Wǔzhuāng fènzǐ  xíjī   Yemen jiǎncházhàn
Armed    member attack Yemen checkpoint
&lt;/pre&gt;

Twelve people have been killed in an al-Qaeda attack on a checkpoint in the southern Yemeni city of Aden, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, al-Qaeda xíjī Yemen nánbù chéngshì Aden d jiǎncházhàn, 12 rén bèishā.

Jiingfang shuo, al-Qaeda xirji Yemrn narnbuh cherngshih Aden d jiaancharzhahn, 12 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng shuō, al-Qaeda xíjī   Yemen nánbù chéngshì Aden d jiǎncházhàn, 12 rén    bèishā.
Police   say,  al-Qaeda attack Yemen south city     Aden's checkpoint,  12 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Walking &quot;could treat depression&quot;=====

Zǒulù &quot;kěyǐ zhìliáo yìyùzhèng&quot;

Zoouluh &quot;keeyii zhihliaor yihyuhzhehng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Zǒulù &quot;kěyǐ zhìliáo yìyùzhèng&quot;
Walking &quot;could treat depression&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Something as simple as going for a brisk stroll could play an important role in fighting depression, according to researchers in Scotland.

Gēnjù Scotland d yánjiū bàogào, sànbù shì yī ge jiǎndān ér yǒuxiàod duìkàng yìyùzhèng d fāngfǎ.

Genjuh Scotland d yarnjiu baohgaoh, sahnbu shih yi ge jiaandan err yoouxiaohd duihkahng yihyuhzhehng d fangfaa.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù        Scotland d yánjiū   bàogào, sànbù  shì yī ge jiǎndān ér  yǒuxiàod  duìkàng yìyùzhèng d fāngfǎ.
According to Scotland's research report, stroll is  a     simple  and effective resist  depression  method.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-14====

=====China's economic growth slows more than predicted=====

Zhōngguó jīngjì zēngzhǎng bǐ yùqī huǎnmàn

Zhongguor jingjih zengzhaang bii yuhqi huaanmahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó jīngjì  zēngzhǎng bǐ      yùqī    huǎnmàn
China    economy growth    compare predict slow
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Chinese economy, the world's 2nd largest, has expanded at its slowest pace in almost three years.

Shìjiè dì-2 d Zhōngguó jīngjì, 3 nián yǐlái fāzhǎn zuì màn.

Shihjieh dih-2 d Zhongguor jingjih, 3 niarn yiilair fazhaan zuih mahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Shìjiè dì-2 d Zhōngguó jīngjì,  3 nián yǐlái fāzhǎn  zuì  màn.
World  second China    economy, 3 year since develop most slow.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-13====

=====Shift workers &quot;risking&quot; diabetes=====

Lúnbān gōngrén &quot;zēngjiā tángniàobìng fēngxiǎn&quot;

Lurnban gongrern &quot;zengjia tarngniaohbihng fengxiaan&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Lúnbān gōngrén &quot;zēngjiā  tángniàobìng fēngxiǎn&quot;
Shift  worker  &quot;increase diabetes     risk&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Shift workers getting too little sleep at the wrong time of day may be increasing their risk of diabetes or obesity, according to researchers.

Gēnjù yánjiū bàogào, lúnbān gōngrén zài bù shìdàngd shíhòu shuìmián bùzú, kěnéng zēngjiā huàn tángniàobìng huòzhě chīféi d fēngxiǎn.

Genjuh yarnjiu baohgaoh, lurnban gongrern zaih bu shihdahngd shirhouh shuihmiarn buzur, keenerng zengjia huahn tarngniaohbihng huohzhee chifeir d fengxiaan.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù        yánjiū   bàogào, lúnbān gōngrén zài bù-shìdàngd shíhòu shuìmián bùzú,       kěnéng zēngjiā  huàn     tángniàobìng 
According to research report, shift  worker  at  improper    time   sleep    not enough, may    increase contract diabetes     

huòzhě chīféi d fēngxiǎn.
or     obesity  risk.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-12====

=====India Maoists release Italian hostage Paolo Bosusco=====

India Máozhǔyìzhě shìfàng Italy rénzhì Paolo Bosusco

India Maorzhuuyihzhee shihfahng Italy rernzhih Paolo Bosusco
&lt;pre&gt;
India Máozhǔyìzhě shìfàng Italy rénzhì  Paolo Bosusco
India Maoist      release Italy hostage Paolo Bosusco
&lt;/pre&gt;

Italian hostage Paolo Bosusco has been freed by India's Maoist rebels after nearly a month in captivity.

Zài bèifú chàbuduō yī ge yuè zhīhòu, Italy rénzhì Paolo Bosusco bèi Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě shìfàng.

Zaih beihfur chahbuduo yi ge yueh zhihouh, Italy rernzhih Paolo Bosusco beih Maorzhuuyih zaohfaanzhee shihfahng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài bèifú       chàbuduō yī ge yuè   zhīhòu, Italy rénzhì  Paolo Bosusco bèi Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě shìfàng.
At  be captured nearly   one   month after,  Italy hostage Paolo Bosusco be  Maoism   rebel     release.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Hail kills three in China storms=====

Zhōngguó bīngbáo shāsǐ 3 rén

Zhongguor bingbaor shasii 3 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó bīngbáo   shāsǐ 3 rén
China    hailstone kill  3 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Hailstorms kill three people and injure dozens in China, with large stones damaging hundreds of homes. 

Zhōngguó dà bīngbáo shāsǐ 3 rén, jǐ-shí rén shòushāng, jǐ-bǎi fāngwū bèi huǐhuài.

Zhongguor dah bingbaor shasii 3 rern, jii-shir rern shouhshang, jii-baai farngwu beih huiihuaih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó dà    bīngbáo   shāsǐ 3 rén,    jǐ-shí      rén    shòushāng,  jǐ-bǎi          fāngwū bèi-huǐhuài.
China    large hailstone kill  3 people, several-ten people be injured, several-hundred house  be damaged.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-11====

=====Attack in central Yemen kills 11=====

Yemen zhōngbù d xíjī shāsǐ 11 rén

Yemen zhongbuh d xirji shasii 11 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Yemen zhōngbù d xíjī   shāsǐ 11 rén
Yemen middle's  attack kill  11 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least eight soldiers and three militants have been killed in an attack by militants on an army checkpoint in central Yemen, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Yemen zhōngbù d jūnshì jiǎncházhàn bèi wǔzhuāng fènzǐ xíjī, zuìshǎo 8 ge shìbīng hé 3 ge wǔzhuāng fènzǐ bèishā.

Guanfang shuo, Yemen zhongbuh d junshih jiaancharzhahn beih wuuzhuang fehnzii xirji, zuihshaao 8 ge shihbing her 3 ge wuuzhuang fehnzii beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Yemen zhōngbù d jūnshì   jiǎncházhàn bèi wǔzhuāng fènzǐ  xíjī,   zuìshǎo  8 ge shìbīng hé  3 ge wǔzhuāng fènzǐ  
Officials say,  Yemen middle's  military checkpoint  be  militant member attack, at least 8    soldier and 3    militant member 

bèishā.
be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghanistan suicide blasts &quot;kill 18&quot;=====

Afghanistan zìshà-shì zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ 18 rén&quot;

Afghanistan zihsha-shih zhahdahn &quot;shasii 18 rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zìshà-shì     zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ 18 rén&quot;
Afghanistan suicide-style bomb   &quot;kill  18 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 18 people are killed in three separate suicide bombings in the Afghan provinces of Herat and Helmand, according to officials.

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan shěngfèn Herat hé Helmand d 3 cì bùtóngd zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo 18 rén.

Guanfang shuo, Afghanistan sheengfehn [[w:Herat Province|Herat]] her [[w:Helmand|Helmand]] d 3 cih butorngd zhahdahn baohzhah shasii zuihshaao 18 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan shěngfèn Herat hé  Helmand d 3 cì bùtóngd  zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo  18 rén.
Officials say,  Afghanistan province Herat and Helmand   3    separate bomb   blast  kill  at least 18 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-10====

=====Yemen unrest: Deadly attack on southern army base=====

Yemen dòngluàn: Nánbù jūnshì jīdì fāshēng zhìmìngd xíjī

Yemen dohngluahn: Narnbuh junshih jidih fasheng zhihmirngd xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Yemen dòngluàn: Nánbù jūnshì   jīdì fāshēng zhìmìngd xíjī
Yemen unrest:   South military base happen  deadly   attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

Nearly 60 people have been killed in an attack by an al-Qaeda-linked group on an army outpost in southern Yemen.

Yǔ al-Qaeda yǒu liánxì d zǔzhī xíjī Yemen nánbù d yī ge jūnshì shàozhàn, shāsǐ dàyuē 60 rén.

Yuu al-Qaeda yoou liarnxih d zuuzhi xirji Yemen narnbuh d yi ge junshih shaohzhahn, shasii dahyue 60 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yǔ   al-Qaeda yǒu  liánxì d zǔzhī        xíjī   Yemen nánbù d yī ge jūnshì   shàozhàn, shāsǐ dàyuē 60 rén.
With al-Qaeda have link     organization attack Yemen south's a     military outpost,  kill  about 60 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Somalia market bombing kills 12=====

Somalia shìchǎng zhàdàn shāsǐ 12 rén

Somalia shihchaang zhahdahn shasii 12 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Somalia shìchǎng zhàdàn shāsǐ 12 rén
Somalia market   bomb   kill  12 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 12 people are killed and dozens injured as a bomb explodes in a market area of the central Somalia town of Baydhabo.

Somalia zhōngbù chéngshì Baydhabo yī ge shìchǎng dìqū d zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo 12 rén hé jǐ-shí rén shòushāng.

Somalia zhongbuh cherngshih [[w:Baydhabo|Baydhabo]] yi ge shihchaang dihqu d zhahdahn baohzhah shasii zuihshaao 12 rern her jǐ-shir rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Somalia zhōngbù chéngshì Baydhabo yī ge shìchǎng dìqū d zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo  12 rén    hé  jǐ-shí      rén    shòushāng.
Somalia central city     Baydhabo a     market   area's bomb   blast  kill  at least 12 people and several-ten people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Shining Path rebels kidnap Peru gas workers - reports=====

Gēnjù bàodǎo, Shining Path zàofǎnzhě jiéchí tiānránqì gōngrén

Genjuh baohdaao, [[w:Shining Path|Shining Path]] zaohfaanzhee jierchir tianrarnqih gongrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù        bàodǎo, Shining Path zàofǎnzhě jiéchí tiānránqì   gōngrén
According to report, Shining Path rerbel    kidnap natural gas worker
&lt;/pre&gt;

Suspected Shining Path rebels in Peru have kidnapped at least a dozen workers on a natural gas project, reports say.

Gēnjù bàodǎo, huáiyíd Peru Shining Path zàofǎnzhě zài yī ge tiānránqì dìdiǎn jiéchíle zuìshǎo 12 ge gōngrén.

Genhuh baohdaao, huairyird Peru Shining Path zaohfaanzhee zaih yi ge tianrarnqih dihdiaan jierchirle zuihshaao 12 ge gongrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù        bàodǎo, huáiyíd   Peru Shining Path zàofǎnzhě zài yī ge tiānránqì   dìdiǎn jiéchíle  zuìshǎo  12 ge gōngrén.
According to report, suspected Peru Shining Path rebel     at  a     natural gas site   kidnapped at least 12    worker.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-09====

=====Nigeria car bomb kill many in Kaduna=====

Nigeria Kaduna qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ hěn duō rén

[[w:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[w:Kaduna|Kaduna]] qihche zhahdahn shasii heen duo rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria Kaduna qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ hěn  duō  rén
Nigeria Kaduna car   bomb   kill  very many people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 38 people have died in a car bombing in the northern Nigerian city of Kaduna, officials said.

Guānfāng shuō, Nigeria běibù chéngshì Kaduna d qìchē zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo 38 rén.

Guanfang shuo, Nigeria beeibuh cherngshih Kaduna d qihche zhahdahn baohzhah shasii zuihshaao 38 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Nigeria běibù chéngshì Kaduna d qìchē zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo  38 rén. 
Officials say,  Nigeria north city     Kaduna's car   bomb   blast  kill  at least 38 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-08====

=====Pope gives Easter peace message=====

Jiàozōng fābiǎo Fùhuójié jiǎnghuà

Jiaohzong fabiaao Fuhhuorjier jiaanghuah
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiàozōng fābiǎo Fùhuójié jiǎnghuà
Pope     issue  Easter   talk
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pope Benedict XVI delivers his traditional Easter message of peace in front of thousands of pilgrims in Roma's St Peter's Square.

Jiàozōng Benedict XVI zài Roma St Peter's Square jǐ-qiān cháoshèngzhě miànqián fāchū chuántǒngd Fùhuójié hépíng xìnxī.

Jiaohzong [[w:Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] zaih [[w:Rome|Roma]] [[w:Saint Peter's Square|St Peter's Square]] jii-qian chaorshehngzhee miahnqiarn fachu chuarntorngd Fuhhuorjier herpirng xihnxi.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiàozōng Benedict XVI zài Roma St Peter's Square jǐ-qiān          cháoshèngzhě miànqián fāchū chuántǒngd  Fùhuójié hépíng xìnxī.
Pope     Benedict XVI at  Roma St Peter's Square several-thousand pilgrim      before   issue traditional Easter   peace  message.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====China dissident Fang Lizhi dies=====

Zhōngguó yìjiànzhě Fāng Lìzhī shìshì

Zhongguor yihjiahnzhee [[w:Fang Lizhi|Fang Lihzhi]] shihshih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó yìjiànzhě Fāng Lìzhī shìshì
China    dissident Fang Lizhi die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese dissident Fang Lizhi, whose speeches helped inspire the Tian'anmen Square protests of 1989, has died aged 76, in the United States.

Céngjīng yǎnshuō bāngzhù gǔwǔ 1989 nián Tiān'ānmén kàngyì d Zhōngguó yìjiànzhě Fāng Lìzhī, zài Měiguó shìshì, xiǎngnián 76 suì.

Cerngjing yaanshuo bangzhuh guuwuu 1989 niarn Tian`anmern kahngyih d Zhongguor yihjiahnzhee Fang Lihzhi, zaih Meeiguor shihshih, xiaangniarn 76 suì.
&lt;pre&gt;
Céngjīng yǎnshuō     bāngzhù gǔwǔ    1989 nián Tiān'ānmén kàngyì d Zhōngguó yìjiànzhě Fāng Lìzhī, zài Měiguó shìshì,    
Ever     make speech help    inspire 1989 year Tian'anmen protest  China    dissident Fang Lizhi, at  USA    pass away, 

xiǎngnián         76 suì.
die at the age of 76 year.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Police and Maoist rebels clash=====

Jǐngchá hé Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě chōngtū

Jiingchar her Maorzhuuyih zaohfaanzhee chongtu
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngchá hé  Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě chōngtū
Police  and Maoism   rebel     clash
&lt;/pre&gt;

Indian security forces and Maoist rebels have clashed in eastern Jharkhand state.

India ānquán bùduì hé Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě zài Jharkhand state dōngbù chōngtū.

India anquarn buhduih her Maorzhuuyih zaohfaanzhee zaih Jharkhand state dongbuh chongtu.
&lt;pre&gt;
India ānquán   bùduì  hé  Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě zài Jharkhand state dōngbù chōngtū.
India security forces and Maoism   rebel     at  Jharkhand state east   clash.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Avalanche buries 100 Pakistani troops in Kashmir=====

Kashmir xuěbēng huómái 100 ge Pakistan shìbīng

Kashmir xueebeng huormair 100 ge Pakistan shihbing
&lt;pre&gt;
Kashmir xuěbēng   huómái     100 ge Pakistan shìbīng
Kashmir snowslide bury alive 100    Pakistan soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Pakistani general says more than 100 troops have been buried by an avalanche in the disputed Kashmir region.

Yī ge Pakistan jiāngjūn shuō chāoguò 100 ge jūnrén zài yǒu zhēngyì d Kashmir dìqū d xuěbēng bèi huómái.

Yi ge Pakistan jiangjun shuo chaoguoh 100 ge junrern zaih yoou zhengyih d Kashmir dihqu d xueebeng beih huormair.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yī ge Pakistan jiāngjūn shuō chāoguò 100 ge jūnrén  zài yǒu-zhēngyì-d Kashmir dìqū d xuěbēng   bèi-huómái.
A     Pakistan general  say  exceed  100    armyman at  disputed      Kashmir region snowslide be bury alive.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-07====

=====Cubans enjoy Good Friday holiday=====

Cuba-rén xiǎngyǒu Shòunànjié jiàqī

Cuba-rern xiaangyoou Shouhnahnjier jiahqi
&lt;pre&gt;
Cuba-rén    xiǎngyǒu Shòunànjié  jiàqī
Cuba-people enjoy    Good Friday holiday
&lt;/pre&gt;

Communist Cuba celebrates Good Friday with a public holiday for the first time in decades, following a request from Pope Benedict.

Suízhe Jiàozōng Benedict d yāoqiú, gòngchǎnzhǔyìd Cuba jǐ-shí nián yǐlái shǒucì fàngjià qìngzhù Shòunànjié.

Suirzhe Jiaohzong Benedict d yaoqiur, gohngchaanzhuuyihd Cuba jii-shir niarn yiilair shooucih fahngjiah qihngzhuh Shouhnahnjier.
&lt;pre&gt;
Suízhe    Jiàozōng Benedict d yāoqiú,  gòngchǎnzhǔyìd Cuba jǐ-shí      nián yǐlái  shǒucì     fàngjià        qìngzhù   Shòunànjié.
Following Pope     Benedict's request, communist      Cuba several-ten year -since first time have a day off celebrate Good Friday.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-06====

=====Pakistan suicide bombing kills four in Karachi=====

Pakistan Karachi zìshā-shì zhàdàn shāsǐ 4 rén

Pakistan Karachi zihsha-shih zhahdahn shasii 4 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan Karachi zìshā-shì     zhàdàn shāsǐ 4 rén
Pakistan Karachi suicide-style bomb   kill  4 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide blast in Pakistan's biggest city of Karachi has killed at least four people and wounded more than a dozen others, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, Pakistan zuìdàd chéngshì Karachi d zìshā-shì bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo 4 rén hé chāoguò 12 rén shòushāng.

Jiingfang shuo, Pakistan zuihdahd cherngshih Karachi d zihsha-shih baohzhah shasii zuihshaao 4 rern her chaoguoh 12 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng  shuō, Pakistan zuìdàd  chéngshì Karachi d zìshā-shì     bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo  4 rén    hé  chāoguò 12 rén    shòushāng.
Jiingfang say,  Pakistan biggest city     Karachi's suicide-style blast  kill  at least 4 people and exceed  12 people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan anti-Taliban leader killed=====

Afghanistan fǎn-Taliban lǐngxiù bèishā

Afghanistan faan-Taliban liingxiuh beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan fǎn-Taliban  lǐngxiù bèishā
Afghanistan anti-Taliban leader  be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

A prominent anti-Taliban commander in the Afghan province of Badakhshan is killed in a suspected Taliban suicide attack, police say. 

Jǐngfāng shuō, Afghanistan shěngfèn Badakhshan d yī ge zhùmíngd fǎn-Taliban zhǐhuīguān zài yī cì huáiyíd Taliban zìshā-shì xíjī bèishā.

Jiingfang shuo, Afghanistan sheengfehn Badakhshan d yi ge zhuhmirngd faan-Taliban zhiihuiguan zaih yi cih huairyird Taliban zihsha-shih xirji beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng shuō, Afghanistan shěngfèn Badakhshan d yī ge zhùmíngd  fǎn-Taliban  zhǐhuīguān zài yī cì huáiyíd   Taliban zìshā-shì     
Police   say,  Afghanistan province Badakhshan's a     prominent anti-Taliban commander  at  a     suspected Taliban suicide-style 

xíjī   bèishā.
attack be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-05====

=====Bomb kills Somali sport officials=====

Zhàdàn shāsǐ Somalia tǐyù guānyuán

Zhahdahn shasii Somalia tiiyuh guanyuarn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhàdàn shāsǐ Somalia tǐyù  guānyuán
Bomb   kill  Somalia sport official
&lt;/pre&gt;

The heads of Somalia's Olympic committee and football association are among eight people killed by a bomb blast in Mogadishu's newly reopened national theater.

Mogadishu zuìjìn chóngkāid guójiā jùyuàn d zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ 8 rén bàokuò Somalia Olympics wěiyuánhuì hé zúqiú xiéhuì d lǐngdǎomen.

Mogadishu zuihjihn chorngkaid guorjia juhyuahn d zhahdahn baohzhah shasii 8 rern baokuoh Somalia Olympics weeiyuarnhuih her zurqiur xierhuih d liingdaaomen.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mogadishu zuìjìn chóngkāid guójiā jùyuàn d  zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ 8 rén    bàokuò  Somalia Olympics wěiyuánhuì hé zúqiú     
Mogadishu newly  reopened  nation theater's bomb   blast  kill  8 people include Somalia Olympics committee  and football 

xiéhuì d    lǐngdǎomen.
association leaders.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Afghan suicide bomber &quot;kills 10&quot;=====

Afghanistan zìshā-shì zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ 10 rén&quot;

Afghanistan zihsha-shih zhahdahn &quot;shasii 10 rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zìshā-shì     zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ 10 rén&quot;
Afghanistan suicide-style bomb   &quot;kill  10 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomb attack in the northern Afghan province of Faryab leaves at least 10 people dead and more than 20 injured, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan běibù shěngfèn Faryab d zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī zàochéng 10 rén sǐwáng hé chāoguò 20 shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo, Afghanistan beeibuh sheengfehn Faryab d zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji zaohcherng 10 rern siiwarng her chaoguoh 20 shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan běibù shěngfèn Faryab d zìshā-shì     zhàdàn xíjī   zàochéng 10 rén    sǐwáng hé  chāoguò 20 
Officials say,  Afghanistan north province Faryab's suicide-style bomb   attack to cause 10 people die    and exced   20 

shòushāng.
be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-04====

=====Afghan militants &quot;kill police by poisoning food&quot;=====

Afghanistan wǔzhuāng fènzǐ &quot;xiàdú shāsǐ jǐngchá&quot;

Afghanistan wuuzhuang fehnzii &quot;xiahdur shasii jiingchar&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan wǔzhuāng fènzǐ  &quot;xiàdú      shāsǐ jǐngchá&quot;
Afghanistan armed    member &quot;put poison kill  police&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Militants killed four Afghan policemen and two civilians inside a police checkpoint by poisoning their yoghurt and launching an attack, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, wǔzhuāng fènzǐ zài yī ge jǐngchá jiǎncházhàn d yoghurt xiàdú hé fādòng xíjī, shāsǐ 4 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá hé liǎng ge píngmín.

Guanfang shuo, wuuzhuang fehnzii zaih yi ge jiingchar jiaancharzhahn d yoghurt xiahdur her fadohng xirji, shasii 4 ge Afghanistan jiingchar her liaang ge pirngmirn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, wǔzhuāng fènzǐ  zài yī ge jǐngchá jiǎncházhàn d yoghurt xiàdú      hé  fādòng xíjī,   shāsǐ 4 ge Afghanistan 
Officials say,  armed    member at  a     police  checkpoint's  yoghurt put poison and launch attach, kill  4    Afghanistan 

jǐngchá hé  liǎng ge píngmín.
police  and two      civilian.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====At least 14 dead in Libya clashes=====

Libya chōngtū zuìshǎo 14 rén sǐwáng

Libya chongtu zuihshaao 14 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya chōngtū zuìshǎo  14 rén    sǐwáng
Libya clash   at least 14 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 14 people have been killed and many more injured in clashes between different ethnic groups in western Libya, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Libya xībù bùtóng zhǒngzú zhījiān d chōngtū, zuìshǎo 14 rén bèishā hé hěn duō shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo, Libya xibuh butorng zhoongzur zhijian d chongtu, zuihshaao 14 rern beihsha her heen duo shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Libya xībù bùtóng    zhǒngzú      zhījiān d chōngtū, zuìshǎo  14 rén    bèishā    hé  hěn  duō  shòushāng.
Officials say,  Libya west different ethnic group -between  clash,   at least 14 people be killed and very many be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-03====

=====US obesity &quot;higher than thought&quot;=====

Měiguó d chīféi wèntí &quot;gāoyú yuánláid kànfǎ&quot;

Meeiguor d chifeir wehntir &quot;gaoyur yuarnlaird kahnfaa&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Měiguó d chīféi  wèntí   &quot;gāoyú yuánláid kànfǎ&quot;
US's     obesity problem &quot;eceed original opinion&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The obesity problem in the US may be much worse than previously thought, according to researchers.

Gēnjù yánjiū bàogào, Měiguó d chīféi wèntí kěnéng dàdà chāoguò yǐqiánd xiǎngfǎ.

Genjuh yarnjiu baohgaoh, Meeiguor d chifeir wehntir keenerng dahdah chaoguoh yiiqiarnd xiaangfaa.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù        yánjiū   bàogào, Měiguó d chīféi  wèntí   kěnéng dàdà    chāoguò yǐqiánd  xiǎngfǎ.
According to research report, US's     obesity problem maybe  greatly exceed  previous idea.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Seven die in California university shooting=====

California d dàxué fāshēng qiāngjī, 7 rén sǐwáng

Clifornia d dahxuer fasheng qiangji, 7 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
California d dàxué      fāshēng qiāngjī,  7 rén    sǐwáng
California's university happen  shooting, 7 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Seven people have been killed and several injured in a shooting at a California college, police say.

Jǐngfāng shuō, yī jiān California d dàxué fāshēng qiāngjī, zàochéng 7 rén bèishā hé 7 rén shòushāng.

Jiingfang shuo, yi jian California d dahxuer fasheng qiangji, zaohcherng 7 rern beihsha her 7 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐngfāng shuō, yī jiān California d dàxué      fāshēng qiāngjī,  zàochéng 7 rén     bèishā    hé  7 rén    shòushāng.
Police   say,  a       California's university happen  shooting, to cause 7 poepple be killed and 7 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Russian plane crashes in Siberia=====

Russia fēijī zài Siberia zhuìhuǐ

Russia feiji zaih Siberia zhuihuii
&lt;pre&gt;
Russia fēijī zài Siberia zhuìhuǐ
Russia plane at  Siberia crash
&lt;/pre&gt;

A passenger plane carrying 43 people has crashed shortly after take-off in Siberia, killing 31, Russian officials say.

Russia guānfāng shuō, yī jià zàizhe 43 rén d kèjī zài Siberia qǐfēi zhīhòu bùjiǔ zhuìhuǐ, 31 rén sǐwáng.

Russia guanfang shuo, yi jiah zaihzhe 43 rern d kehji zaih Siberia qiifei zhihou bujiuu zhuihhuii, 31 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Russia guānfāng  shuō, yī jià zàizhe   43 rén d  kèjī            zài Siberia qǐfēi    zhīhòu bùjiǔ   zhuìhuǐ, 31 rén    sǐwáng.
Russia officials say,  a      carrying 43 people passenger plane at  Siberia take-off -after shortly crash,   31 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-02====

=====&quot;Dozens killed&quot; in Yemen clashes=====

Yemen 冲突 多-人 死亡

Yemen chōngtū duō-rén sǐwáng

Yemen chongtu duo-rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Yemen chōngtū duō-rén     sǐwáng
Yemen clash   many people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 17 soldiers and 12 suspected militants were killed.

最少 17 个 士兵 和 12 个 怀疑的 游击队 死亡。

Zuìshǎo 17 ge shìbīng hé 12 ge huáiyíd yóujīduì sǐwáng.

Zuihshaao 17 ge shihbing her 12 ge huairyird yourjiduih siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zuìshǎo  17 ge shìbīng hé  12 ge huáiyíd   yóujīduì  sǐwáng.
At least 17    soldier and 12    suspected guerrilla die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-04-01====

=====China arrests over coup rumors=====

中国 逮捕 政变 谣传 人士

Zhōngguó dàibǔ zhèngbiàn yáochuán rénshì

Zhongguor daihbuu zhehngbiahn yaorchuarn rernshih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó dàibǔ  zhèngbiàn yáochuán rénshì
China    arrest coup      rumor    people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese police have arrested six people and shut 16 websites after rumors were spread that military vehicles were on the streets of Beijing, officials say.

官方 说，在 谣传 军车 出现 在 北京 街上 之后，中国 警察 逮捕了 6 人 和 关闭了 16 个 网站。

Guānfāng shuō, zài yáochuán jūnchē chūxiàn zài Běijīng jiēshàng zhīhòu, Zhōngguó jǐngchá dàibǔle 6 rén hé guānbìle 16 ge wǎngzhàn.

Guanfang shuo, zaih yaorchuarn junche chuxiahn zaih Beeijing jieshahng zhihouh, Zhongguor jiingchar daihbuule 6 rern her guanbihle 16 ge waangzhahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zài yáochuán jūnchē           chūxiàn zài Běijīng jiēshàng      zhīhòu, Zhōngguó jǐngchá dàibǔle  6 rén    hé  
Officials say,  at  rumor    military vehicle appear  at  Beijing in the street after,  China    police  arrested 6 people and 

guānbìle 16 ge wǎngzhàn.
shut     16    website.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-31====

=====Nine Afghan policemen shot dead=====

9 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèi shèshā

9 个 Afghanistan 警察 被 射杀

9 ge Afghanistan jiingchar beih shehsha
&lt;pre&gt;
9 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèi-shèshā
9    Afghanistan police  be killed by shooting
&lt;/pre&gt;

Nine Afghan police officers have been shot dead by a colleague in the eastern Paktika province, Afghan police sources have said.

Afghanistan 警方 说，在 东部 省份 Paktika，9 个 Afghanistan 警察 被 同事 射杀。

Afghanistan jǐngfāng shuō, zài dōngbù shěngfèn Paktika, 9 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèi tóngshì shèshā.

Afghanistan jiingfang shuo, zaih dongbuh sheengfehn Paktika, 9 ge Afghanistan jiingchar beih torngshih shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan jǐngfāng shuō, zài dōngbù shěngfèn Paktika, 9 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèi tóngshì   shèshā.
Afghanistan police   say,  at  east   province Paktika, 9    Afghanistan police  be  colleague kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-30====

=====Pope criticizes US Cuba embargo=====

Jiàozōng pīpíng Měiguó d Cuba jìnyùn

Jiàozōng pipirng Meeiguor d Cuba jihnyuhn
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiàozōng pīpíng    Měiguó d Cuba jìnyùn
Pope     criticize US's     Cuba embargo
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pope Benedict XVI criticizes the 50-year-old US trade embargo on Cuba and calls for greater rights as he ends his visit to the island. 

Jiàozōng Benedict XVI zài jiéshù duì Cuba d fǎngwèn shí, pīpíng Měiguó duì Cuba 50 nián d màoyì jìnyùn hé yāoqiú gèng dàd quánlì.

Jiaohzong Benedict XVI zaih jiershuh duih Cuba d faangwehn shir, pipirng Meeiguor duih Cuba 50 niarn d maoyih jihnyuhn her yaoqiur gehng dahd quarnlih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiàozōng Benedict XVI zài jiéshù duì Cuba d fǎngwèn shí,  pīpíng    Měiguó duì Cuba 50 nián d màoyì jìnyùn  hé  yāoqiú  gèng dàd 
Pope     Benedict XVI at  to end for Cuba's visit   time, criticize US     to  Cuba 50 year's trade embargo and request more big 

quánlì.
right.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-29====

=====Bo scandal claims &quot;preposterous&quot;=====

Bó Xīlái chǒuwén shēngchēng &quot;huāngmiùd&quot;

Bor Xilair choouwern shengcheng &quot;huangmiuhd&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Bó Xīlái chǒuwén shēngchēng &quot;huāngmiùd&quot;
Bo Xilai scandal claims     &quot;preposterous&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Bo Xilai, the politician at the centre of a Chinese political scandal, is the victim of a smear campaign, a source close to his family tells the BBC. 

Bó Xīlái, yī ge Zhōngguó zhèngzhì chǒuwén jiāodiǎn d zhèngzhìjiā, zhǐ-shì yī ge wūmiè xíngdòng d shòuhàizhě, yī ge yǔ tā jiātíng guānxì mìqiè d zīliào láiyuán gàosù BBC.

Bor Xilair, yi ge Zhongguor zhehngzhih choouwern jiaodiaan d zhehngzhihjia, zhii-shih yi ge wumieh xirngdohng d shouhhaihzhee, yi ge yuu ta jiatirng guanxih mihqieh d ziliaoh lairyuarn gaohsuh BBC.
&lt;pre&gt;
Bó Xīlái, yī ge Zhōngguó zhèngzhì  chǒuwén jiāodiǎn d zhèngzhìjiā, zhǐ-shì yī ge wūmiè xíngdòng d shòuhàizhě, yī ge yǔ   tā  
Bo Xilai, a     China    political scandal focus      politician,  only is a     smear action     victim,     a     with his 

jiātíng guānxì   mìqiè d zīliào      láiyuán gàosù BBC.
family  relation close   information origin  tell  BBC.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Saudi diplomat kidnapped in Yemen=====

Saudi Arabia wàijiāoguān zài Yemen bèi bǎngjià

Saudi Arabia waihjiaoguan zaih Yemen beih baangjiah
&lt;pre&gt;
Saudi Arabia wàijiāoguān zài Yemen bèi-bǎngjià
Saudi Arabia diplomat    at  Yemen be kidnapped
&lt;/pre&gt;

Saudi Arabia's deputy consul in the southern Yemeni city of Aden has been kidnapped outside his home.

Saudi Arabia fù-lǐngshì zài Yemen nánbù chéngshì Aden tād zhùzhái wàimiàn bèi bǎngjià.

Saudi Arabia fuh-liingshih zaih Yemen narnbuh cherngshih Aden tad zhuhzhair waihmiahn beih baangjiah.
&lt;pre&gt;
Saudi Arabia fù-lǐngshì    zài Yemen nánbù chéngshì Aden tād zhùzhái wàimiàn bèi-bǎngjià.
Saudi Arabia deputy consul at  Yemen south city     Aden his home    outside be kidnapped.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-28====

=====India bomb blast kills 15 police=====

India zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ 15 ge jǐngchá

India zhahdahn baohzhah shasii 15 ge jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
India zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ 15 ge jǐngchá
India bomb   blast  kill  15    police
&lt;/pre&gt;

A landmine triggered by suspected Maoist rebels in the western Indian state of Maharashtra kills at least 15 police, officials say. 

Guānfāng shuō, zài India xībù shěngfèn Maharashtra, yī ge huáiyí shì Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě fàngzhì d dìléi bàozhà, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 15 ge jǐngchá.

Guanfang shuo, zaih India xibuh sheengfehn Maharashtra, yi ge huairyir shih Maorzhuuyih zaohfaanzhee fahngzhih d dihleir baohzhah, shasii zuihshaao 15 ge jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zài India xībù shěngfèn Maharashtra, yī ge huáiyí  shì Máozhǔyì zàofǎnzhě fàngzhì d dìléi    bàozhà, shāsǐ 
Officials say,  at  India west province Maharashtra, a     suspect is  Maoism   rebel     dispose   landmine blast,  kill  

zuìshǎo  15 ge jǐngchá.
at least 15    police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-27====

=====Afghan soldier kills Nato troops=====

Afghanistan shìbīng shāsǐ Nato jūnrén

Afghanistan shihbing shasii Nato junrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan shìbīng shāsǐ Nato jūnrén
Afghanistan soldier kills  Nato armyman
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two British soldiers are killed by an Afghan soldier, the Ministry of Defence confirms.

Yīngguó Guófángbù zhèngshí, yī ge Afghanistan shìbīng shāsǐ liǎng ge Yīngjūn.

Yingguor Guorfarngbuh zhehngshir, yi ge Afghanistan shihbing shasii liaang ge Yingjun.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīngguó Guófángbù           zhèngshí, yī ge Afghanistan shìbīng shāsǐ liǎng ge Yīngjūn.
UK      Ministry of Defence confirm,  a     Afghanistan soldier kill  two      British soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-26====

=====Top up on sunshine &quot;vitamin&quot;=====

Bǔchōng yángguāng &quot;vitamin&quot;

Buuchong yarngguang &quot;vitamin&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Bǔchōng yángguāng &quot;vitamin&quot;
Top up  sunshine  &quot;vitamin&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Go outside and soak up some sunshine for 15 minutes on every sunny day to help increase vitamin D levels, an arthritis charity is urging. 

Yī ge guānjiéyán císhàn tuántǐ quàngào, zài měi ge qínglǎngd rìzi chūwài shài tàiyáng 15 fēnzhōng, kěyǐ bāngzhù zēngjiā vitamin D d shuǐpíng.

Yi ge guanjieryarn cirshahn tuarntii quahngaoh, zaih meei ge qirnglaangd rihzi chuwaih shaih taihyarng 15 fenzhong, keeyii bangzhuh zengjia vitamin D d shuiipirng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yī ge guānjiéyán císhàn  tuántǐ       quàngào, zài měi ge qínglǎngd rìzi chūwài     shài  tàiyáng  15 fēnzhōng, kěyǐ bāngzhù 
A     arthritis  charity organization urge,    at  every  sunny     day  go outside shine sunshine 15 minute,   can  help    

zēngjiā  vitamin D d shuǐpíng.
increase vitamin D   level.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-25====

=====Leung Chun-ying elected as HK chief executive=====

Leung Chun-ying (Liáng Zhènyīng) dāngxuǎn Xiānggǎng xíngzhèng zhǎngguān

Leung Chun-ying (Liarng Zhehnying) dangxuaan Xianggaang xirngzhehng zhaangguan
&lt;pre&gt;
Leung Chun-ying (Liáng Zhènyīng) dāngxuǎn    Xiānggǎng xíngzhèng      zhǎngguān
Leung Chun-ying (Liang Zhenying) get elected Hong Kong administration senior officer
&lt;/pre&gt;

Leung Chun-ying was declared the winner of Hong Kong's Chief Executive election.

Xiānggǎng xuānbù Leung Chun-ying yíngdé Xíngzhèng Zhǎngguān xuǎnjǔ.

Xianggaang xuanbuh Leung Chun-ying yirngder Xirngzhehng Zhaangguan xuaanjuu.
&lt;pre&gt;
Xiānggǎng xuānbù  Leung Chun-ying yíngdé Xíngzhèng      Zhǎngguān      xuǎnjǔ.
Hong Kong declare Leung Chun-ying win    Administration Senior Officer election.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Calories to be cut by major food and drink companies=====

Zhǔyàod yǐnshí gōngsī jiǎnshǎo calorie

Zhuuyaohd yiinshir gongsi jiaanshaao calorie
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhǔyàod yǐnshí         gōngsī  jiǎnshǎo calorie
Major   food and drink company reduce   calorie
&lt;/pre&gt;

Food and drink companies have promised to cut calories in their products to help tackle obesity in the UK. 

Yǐnshí gōngsī chéngnuò xuējiǎn tāmen chǎnpǐn d calorie, bāngzhù jiějué Yīngguó d chīféi wèntí.

Yiinshir gongsi cherngnuoh xuejiaan tamen chaanpiin d calorie, bangzhuh jieejuer Yingguor d chifeir wehntir.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yǐnshí gōngsī  chéngnuò xuējiǎn tāmen chǎnpǐn d calorie, bāngzhù jiějué Yīngguó d chīféi  wèntí.
UK     company promise  cut     their product's calorie, to help tackle UK's      obesity problem.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-24====

=====Suicide bomb &quot;kills five&quot; in Pakistan's Khyber district=====

Pakistan Khyber dìqū d zìshā-shì zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ 5 ge rén&quot;

Pakistan Khyber dihqu d zihsha-shih zhahdahn &quot;shasii 5 ge rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan Khyber dìqū d     zìshā-shì     zhàdàn &quot;shāsǐ 5 ge rén&quot;
Pakistan Khyber district's suicide style bomb   &quot;kill  5    people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least five people have been killed in a suicide bomb attack in a volatile tribal area of north-west Pakistan.

Pakistan xīběibù d bù wěndìng bùluò dìqū fāshēng zìshā-shì xíjī, zàochéng zuìshǎo 5 rén bèishā.

Pakistan xibeeibuh d bu weendihng buhluoh dihqu fasheng zihsha-shih xirji, zaohcherng zuihshaao 5 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan xīběibù d bù wěndìng bùluò dìqū fāshēng zìshā-shì     xíjī,   zàochéng zuìshǎo  5 rén    bèishā.
Pakistqn northwest unstable   tribe area happen  suicide style attack, to cause at least 5 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Obesity harms &quot;later brain skill&quot;=====

Chīféi sǔnhài &quot;hòuqī nǎo gōngnéng&quot;

Chifeir suunhaih &quot;houhqi naao gongnerng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Chīféi  sǔnhài &quot;hòuqī        nǎo   gōngnéng&quot;
Obesity harm   &quot;later period brain function&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Being overweight in later life puts you at higher risk of brain decline, Korean research suggests.

Korea d yánjiū zhǐchū, chāozhòng zàochéng wǎnnián yǒu gèng gāod nǎo shuāituì wēixiǎn.

Korea d yarnjiu zhiichu, chaozhohng zaohcherng waanniarn yoou gehng gaod naao shuaituih weixiaan.
&lt;pre&gt;
Korea d yánjiū   zhǐchū,    chāozhòng     zàochéng wǎnnián yǒu  gèng gāod nǎo   shuāituì wēixiǎn.
Korea's research point out, be overweight to cause old age have more high brain decline  risk.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-23====

=====ECB chief Mario Draghi says worst of Euro crisis over=====

ECB lǐngdǎorén Mario Draghi shuō Euro wēijī zuì huàid shíhòu yǐjīng guòqùle

ECB liingdaaorern Mario Draghi shuo Euro weiji zuih huaihd shirhouh yiijing guohquhle
&lt;PRE&gt;
ECB lǐngdǎorén Mario Draghi shuō Euro wēijī  zuì  huàid shíhòu yǐjīng  guòqùle
ECB leader     Mario Draghi say  Euro crisis most bad   time   already passed
&lt;/pre&gt;

European Central Bank President Mario Draghi has said the worst of the Eurozone crisis is over.

Ōuzhōu Zhōngyāng Yínháng (ECB) Zǒngcái Mario Draghi shuō, Euro-qū wēijī zuì huàid shíhòu yǐjīng guòqùle.

Ouzhou Zhongyang yirnharng (ECB) Zoongcair Mario Draghi shuo, Euro-qu weiji zuih huaihd shirhouh yiijing guohquhle.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ōuzhōu Zhōngyāng Yínháng (ECB) Zǒngcái   Mario Draghi shuō, Euro-qū  wēijī  zuì  huàid shíhòu yǐjīng  guòqùle.
Europe Central   Bank    (ECB) President Mario Darghi say,  Eurozone crisis most bad   time   already passed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-22====

=====British soldier dies in Afghan explosion=====

Yīngguó shìbīng zài Afghanistan bèi zhàsǐ

Yingguor shihbing zaih Afghanistan beih zhahsii
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīngguó shìbīng zài Afghanistan bèi-zhàsǐ
UK      soldier at  Afghanistan be killed by explosion
&lt;/pre&gt;

A soldier has been killed in an explosion in Afghanistan, the Ministry of Defence said.

Guófāngbù shuō, yī ge shìbīng zài Afghanistan bèi zhàsǐ.

Guorfarngbuh shuo, yi ge shihbing zaih Afghanistan beih zhahsii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guófāngbù           shuō, yī ge shìbīng  zài Afghanistan bèi-zhàsǐ.
Ministry of Defence say,  a     solidier at  Afghanistan be killed by explosion.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-21====

=====Deadly explosions in Iraqi cities=====

Iraq duō ge chéngshì fāshēng zhìmìngd bàozhà

Iraq duo ge cherngshih fasheng zhihmihngd baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq duō ge chéngshì fāshēng zhìmìngd bàozhà
Iraq many   city     happen  deadly   explosion
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 45 people have been killed in a series of co-ordinated attacks across Iraq, officials say.

Guānfāng shuō, Iraq yīxìliè yǒu zǔzhì d xíjī, zàochéng zuìshǎo 45 rén bèishā.

Guanfang shuo, Iraq yixihlieh yoou zuuzhih d xirji, zaohcherng zuihshaao 45 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Iraq yīxìliè     yǒu zǔzhì d xíjī,   zàochéng zuìshǎo  45 rén    bèishā.
Officials say,  Iraq a series of organized   attack, to cause at least 45 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-20====

=====Gunmen kill 12 police in Mexico=====

Qiāngshǒumen zài Mexico shāsǐ 12 ge jǐngchá

Qiangshooumen zaih Mexico shasii 12 ge jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Qiāngshǒumen zài Mexico shāsǐ 12 ge jǐngchá
Gunmen       at  Mexico kill  12    police
&lt;/pre&gt;

Twelve Mexican police officers are killed in an ambush as they search for the bodies of 10 people whose heads were found on Sunday. 

12 ge Mexico jǐngchá, zài sōusuǒ 10 ge qiántiān bèi fāxiàn rén-tóu d shītǐ shí, yùdào máifù bèishā.

12 ge Mexico jiingchar, zaih sousuoo 10 ge qiarntian beih faxiahn rern-tour d shitii shir, yuhdaoh mairfuh beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
12 ge Mexico jǐngchá, zài sōusuǒ 10 ge qiántiān             bèi-fāxiàn rén-tóu d    shītǐ shí,  yùdào     máifù  bèishā.
12    Mexico police,  at  search 10    day before yesterday be  found  human head's body  time, encounter ambush be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-19====

=====Indian Maoists &quot;kidnap Italians&quot;=====

India d Máozhǔyìzhě &quot;jiéchí Italy-rén

India d Maorzhuuyihzhee &quot;jierchir Italy-rern
&lt;pre&gt;
India d Máozhǔyìzhě &quot;jiéchí Italy-rén
India's Maoist      &quot;kidnap Italy-people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Indian Maoists kidnap two Italians in eastern Odisha state, the first time Westerners have been abducted there, and demand the release of leaders. 

India d Máozhǔyìzhě zài dōngbù d Odisha state jiéchí liǎng ge Italy-rén hé yāoqiú shìfàng tāmend lǐngxiù, zhè shì dì-yī cì Xīfāngrén zài nàlǐ bèi tāmen jiéchí.

Inda d Maorzhuuyihzhee zaih dongbuh d Odisha state jierchir liaang ge Italy-rern her yaoqiur shifahng tamend liingxiuh, zheh shih dih-yi cih Xifangrern zaih nahlii beih tamen jierchir.
&lt;pre&gt;
India d Máozhǔyìzhě zài dōngbù d Odisha state jiéchí liǎng ge Italy-rén    hé  yāoqiú shìfàng tāmend lǐngxiù, zhè  shì dì-yī cì   
India's Maoist      at  eastern  Odisha state kidnap two      Italy people and demand release their  leader,  this is  first time 

Xīfāngrén zài nàlǐ  bèi-tāmen-jiéchí.
Westerner at  there be  they  abducted.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-18====

=====US teacher &quot;shot dead in Yemen&quot;=====

Měiguó jiàoshī &quot;zài Yemen bèi shèshā&quot;

Meeiguor jiaohshi &quot;zaih Yemen beih shehsha&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Měiguó jiàoshī &quot;zài Yemen bèi-shèshā&quot;
US     teacher &quot;at  Yemen be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

An American teacher, deputy director of a Swedish language center, is shot dead by gunmen in Yemen's second city of Taiz, officials say. 

Guānfāng shuō: Yī ge Měiguó jiàoshī (yī jiān Sweden yǔyán zhōngxīn d fù-xiàozhǎng), zài Yemen dì-2 chéngshì Taiz bèi qiāngshǒu shèshā.

Guanfang shuo: Yi ge Meeiguor jiaohshi (yi jian Sweden yuuyarn zhongxin d fuh-xiaohzhaang), zaih Yemen dih-2 cherngshih Taiz beih qiangshoou shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Yī ge Měiguó jiàoshī (yī jiān Sweden yǔyán    zhōngxīn d fù-xiàozhǎng),    zài Yemen dì-2   chéngshì Taiz 
Officials say:  A     US     teacher (a       Sweden language center's   deputy director), at  Yemen second city     Taiz 

bèi-qiāngshǒu-shèshā.
be  gunman    killed by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====&quot;Deadly blasts&quot; in Syrian capital=====

Syria shǒudū d &quot;zhìmìng bàozhà&quot;

Syria shooudu d &quot;zhihmihng baohzhah&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria shǒudū d  &quot;zhìmìng bàozhà&quot;
Syria capital's &quot;deadly  blast&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 27 people have been killed in two explosions in the Syrian capital Damascus, officials say, describing them as &quot;terrorist attacks&quot;.

Syria shǒudū Damascus fāshēng liǎng cì bàozhà, guānfāng shuō shì &quot;kǒngbù xíjī&quot;, zàochéng zuìshǎo 27 rén bèishā.

Syria shooudu Damascus fasheng liaang cih baohzhah, guanfang shuo shih &quot;koongbuh xirji, zaohcherng zuihshaao 27 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Syria shǒudū  Damascus fāshēng liǎng cì bàozhà, guānfāng  shuō shì &quot;kǒngbù xíjī&quot;,   zàochéng zuìshǎo  27 rén    bèishā.
Syria capital Damascus happen  two      blast,  officials say  is  &quot;terror attack&quot;, to cuase at least 27 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-17====

=====Turkish army helicopter crash in Afghanistan=====

Turkey jūnduì d zhíshēngjī zài Afghanistan zhuìhuǐ

Turkey junduih d zhirshengji zaih Afghanistan zhuihhuii
&lt;pre&gt;
Turkey jūnduì d zhíshēngjī zài Afghanistan zhuìhuǐ
Turkey army's   helicopter at  Afghanistan fall and disintegrate
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Turkish army Sikorsky helicopter has fallen on a house in the Afghan capital Kabul, killing at least 12 Turkish soldiers and two children. 

Yī jià Turkey jūnduì d Sikorsky zhíshēngjī zài Afghanistan shǒudū Kabul diēluò zài yī jiān fángwū, zàochéng zuìshǎo 12 ge Turkey jūnrén hé liǎng ge értóng sǐwáng.

Yi jiah Turkey junduih d Sikorsky zhirshengji zaih Afghanistan shooudu Kabul dieluoh zaih yi jian farngwu, zaohcherng zuihshaao 12 ge Turkey junrern her liaang ge errtorng siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yī jià Turkey jūnduì d Sikorsky zhíshēngjī zài Afghanistan shǒudū  Kabul diēluò zài yī jiān fángwū, zàochéng zuìshǎo  12 ge Turkey 
A      Turkey army's   Sikorsky helicopter at  Afghanistan captial Kabul fall   at  a       house,  to cause at least 12    Turkey 

jūnrén  hé  liǎng ge értóng   sǐwáng.
soldier and two      children die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====North Korea rocket plan condemned as &quot;provocation&quot;=====

朝鲜 的 火箭 计划 被 谴责 为 “挑衅”

Cháoxiān d huǒjiàn jìhuà bèi qiǎnzé wéi &quot;tiǎoxìn&quot;

Chaorxian d huoojiahn jihhuah beih qiaanzer weir &quot;tiaaoxihn&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Cháoxiān d    huǒjiàn jìhuà bèi-qiǎnzé   wéi &quot;tiǎoxìn&quot;
Nortn Korea's roket   plan  be condemned as  &quot;provocation&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The US and regional neighbors of North Korea have condemned Pyongyang's plans to launch a rocket-mounted satellite as an act of provocation.

美国 和 朝鲜 的 邻国 谴责 Pyongyang 的 发射 火箭 运载 卫星 计划 为 挑衅 行动。

Měiguó hé Cháoxiān d línguó qiǎnzé Pyongyang d fāshè huǒjiàn yùnzài wèixīng jìhuà wéi tiǎoxìn xíngdòng.

Meeiguor her Chaorxian d lirnguor qiaanzer Pyongyang d fasheh huoojiahn yuhnzaih weihxing jihhuah weir tiaaoxihn xirngdohng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Měiguó hé  Cháoxiān d    línguó              qiǎnzé  Pyongyang d fāshè  huǒjiàn yùnzài wèixīng   jìhuà wéi tiǎoxìn     xíngdòng.
US     and North Korea's neighboring country condemn Pyongyang's launch rocket  carry  satellite plan  as  provocation action.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-16====

=====Soldiers shot dead in French town=====

法国 市镇 的 士兵 被 射杀

Fǎguó shìzhèn d shìbīng bèi shèshā

Faaguor shihzhehn d shihbing beih shehsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Fǎguó  shìzhèn d shìbīng bèi-shèshā
France town's    soldier be killed by shooting
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two soldiers are shot dead and a third is wounded after an attacker on a scooter opens fire near a military base in south-west France.

法国 西南部 军事 基地 附近，一个 骑着 电单车 的 枪手 开火，造成 两-个 士兵 死亡 和 一个 受伤。

Fǎguó xīnánbù jūnshì jīdì fùjìn, yīge qízhe diàndānchē d qiāngshǒu kāihuǒ, zàochéng liǎng-ge shìbīng sǐwáng hé yīge shòushāng.

Faaguor xinarnbuh junshih jidih fuhjihn, yi.ge qir.zhe diahndanche d qiangshoou kaihuoo, zaohcherng liaang-.ge shihbing siiwarng her yi.ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Fǎguó  xīnánbù   jūnshì   jīdì fùjìn,    yīge qízhe  diàndānchē d qiāngshǒu kāihuǒ,    zàochéng liǎng-ge shìbīng sǐwáng hé  yīge 
France Southwest military base vicinity, a    riding motorbike    gunman    open fire, cause    two      soldier die    and one  

shòushāng.
be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-15====

=====Gunmen kill 19 on Ethiopian bus in Gambella region=====

枪手们 在 Ethiopia 的 Gambella 地区 的 bus 上 杀死 19 人

Qiāngshǒumen zài Ethiopia d Gambella dìqū d bus shang shāsǐ 19 rén

Qiangshoou.men zaih Ethiopia d Gambella dihqu d bus .shang shasii 19 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Qiāngshǒumen zài Ethiopia d Gambella dìqū d bus  shang shāsǐ 19 rén
Gunmen       at  Ethiopia's Gambella region bus -on    kill  19 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen have attacked a public bus in western Ethiopia, killing 19 male passengers, officials say.

官方 说：枪手们 在 Ethiopia 西部 袭击 一-架 公共 bus，杀死 19-个 男-乘客。

Guānfāng shuō: Qiāngshǒumen zài Ethiopia xībù xíjī yī-jià gōnggòng bus, shāsǐ 19-ge nán-chéngkè.

Guanfang shuo: Qiangshoou.men zaih Ethiopia xibuh xirji yi-jiah gonggohng bus, shasii 19-.ge narn-cherngkeh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Qiāngshǒumen zài Ethiopia xībù xíjī   yī-jià gōnggòng bus, shāsǐ 19-ge nán-chéngkè.
Officials say:  Gunmen       at  Ethiopia west attack a      public   bus, kill  19    male-passenger.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-14====

=====Red meat &quot;increases health risks&quot;=====

红肉 “增加 健康 危险性”

Hóngròu &quot;zēngjiā jiànkāng wēixiǎnxìng&quot;

Horngrouh &quot;zengjia jiahnkang weixiaanxihng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Hóngròu  &quot;zēngjiā  jiànkāng wēixiǎnxìng&quot;
Red meat &quot;increase health   riks&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A diet high in red meat can shorten life expectancy, according to researchers at Harvard Medical School.

根据 Harvard 医学院 研究 报告，多 红肉 的 饮食 会 缩短 寿命。

Gēnjù Harvard Yīxuéyuàn yánjiū bàogào, duō hóngròu d yǐnshí huì suōduǎn shòumìng.

Genjuh Harvard Yixueryuahn yarnjiu baohgaoh, duo horngrouh d yiinshir huih suoduaan shouhmihng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù        Harvard Yīxuéyuàn      yánjiū   bàogào, duō  hóngròu d yǐnshí huì suōduǎn shòumìng.
According to Harvard Medical School research report, more red meat  diet   can shorten life.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-13====

=====South Sudanese attacks &quot;kill 100&quot;=====

South Sudan 的 袭击 “杀死 100 人”

South Sudan d xíjī &quot;shāsǐ 100 rén&quot;

South Sudan d xirji &quot;shasii 100 rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
South Sudan d xíjī   &quot;shāsǐ 100 rén&quot;
South Sudan's attack &quot;kill  100 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

An estimated 100 people are killed in South Sudan's Upper Nile state in a series of ethnic clashes, officials say.

官方 说：South Sudan 的 Upper Nile state 的 一系列 种族 冲突，估计 100 人 被杀。

Guānfang shuō: South Sudan d Upper Nile state d yīxìliè zhǒngzú chōngtū, gūjì 100 rén bèishā.

Guanfang shuo: South Sudan d Upper Nile state d yixihlieh Zhoongzur chongtu, gujih 100 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfang shuō: South Sudan d Upper Nile state d yīxìliè     zhǒngzú chōngtū, gūjì     100 rén    bèishā.
Guanfang shuo: South Sudan's Upper Nile stage's a series of ethnic  clash,   estimate 100 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-12====

=====Church targeted in Nigeria attack=====

Nigeria 针对 教堂 的 袭击

Nigeria zhēnduì jiàotáng d xíjī

Nigeria zhenduih jiaohtarng d xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria zhēnduì jiàotáng d xíjī
Nigeria aim at  church     attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suspected suicide car bombing at a Roman Catholic church in the Nigerian city of Jos kills at least 10 people, officials say.

官方 说：一个 怀疑 是 自杀-式 汽车 炸弹，袭击 Nigeria 城市 Jos 的 一-间 天主教堂，杀死 最少 10-个 人。 

Guānfāng shuō: yīge huáiyí shì zìshā-shì qìchē zhàdàn, xíjī Nigeria chéngshì Jos d yī-jiān Tiānzhǔjiàotáng, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 10-ge rén.

Guanfang shuo: yi.ge huairyir shih zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn, xirji Nigeria cherngshih Jos d yi-jian Tianzhuujiaohtarng, shasii zuihshaao 10-.ge rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: yīge huáiyí    shì zìshā-shì     qìchē zhàdàn, xíjī   Nigeria chéngshì Jos d yī-jiān Tiānzhǔjiàotáng, shāsǐ 
Officials say:  a    suspected is  suicide-style car   bomb,   attack Nigeria city     Jos   a       Catholic church, kill  

zuìshǎo  10-ge rén.
at least 10    people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan unrest: Suicide bomber kills 14 at funeral near Peshawar=====

Pakistan 动乱：自杀-式 炸弹 在 Peshawar 附近 的 葬礼 杀死 14 人

Pakistan dòngluàn: Zìshā-shì zhàdàn zài Peshawar fùjìn d zànglǐ shāsǐ 14 rén

Pakistan dohngluahn: Zihsha-shih zhahdahn zaih Peshawar fuhjihn d zahnglii shasii 14 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan dòngluàn: Zìshā-shì     zhàdàn zài Peshawar fùjìn d  zànglǐ  shāsǐ 14 rén
Pakistan unrest:   Suicide-style bomb   at  Peshawar vicinity funeral kill  14 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomber has killed at least 14 people and wounded 30 in an attack on a funeral in the outskirts of the north-west Pakistani city of Peshawar.

自杀-式 炸弹 袭击 Pakistan 西北部 城市 Peshawar 郊区 的 葬礼，杀死了 最少 14 人 和 30-个 受伤。

Zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī Pakistan xīběibù chéngshì Peshawar jiāoqū d zànglǐ, shāsǐle zuìshǎo 14 rén hé 30-ge shòushāng.

Zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji Pakistan xibeeibuh cherngshih Peshawar jiaoqu d zahnglii, shasii.le zuihshaao 14 rern her 30-.ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zìshā-shì     zhàdàn xíjī   Pakistan xīběibù   chéngshì Peshawar jiāoqū d  zànglǐ,  shāsǐle zuìshǎo  14 rén    hé  30-ge 
Suicide-style bomb   attack Pakistan northwest city     Peshawar outskirts funeral, killed  at least 14 people and 30    

shòushāng.
be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-11====

=====US soldier kills Afghan civilians=====

美军 杀死 Afghanistan 平民

Měijūn shāsǐ Afghanistan píngmín

Meeijun shasii Afghanistan pirngmirn
&lt;pre&gt;
Měijūn     shāsǐ Afghanistan píngmín
US soldier kill  Afghanistan civilian
&lt;/pre&gt;

A US soldier in Afghanistan has killed 16 civilians in Kandahar province, officials say.

官方 说：一个 美军 在 Afghanistan 的 Kandahar 省份 杀死了 16-个 平民。

Guānfāng shuō: yīge Měijūn zài Afghanistan d Kandahar shěngfèn shāsǐle 16-ge píngmín.

Guanfang shuo: yi.ge Meeijun zaih Afghanistan d Kandahar sheengfehn shasii.le 16-.ge pirngmirn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: yīge Měijūn     zài Afghanistan d Kandahar shěngfèn shāsǐle 16-ge píngmirn.
Officials say:  a    US soldier at  Afghanistan's Kandahar province killed  16    civilian.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Fatal blasts at Kenya bus station=====

Kenya bus-站 发生 致命 的 爆炸

Kenya bus-zhàn fāshēng zhìmìng d bàozhà

Kenya bus-zhahn fasheng zhihmihng d baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Kenya bus-zhàn    fāshēng zhìmìng d bàozhà
Kenya bus station happen  fatal     blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least three people are killed and more than 20 injured after several explosions at a bus terminal in the Kenyan capital, Nairobi, officials say.

官方 说：Kenya 首都 Nairobi 的 bus 总站 发生 几-次 爆炸，造成 最少 3 人 死亡 和 超过 20 人 受伤。

Guānfāng shuō: Kenya shǒudū Nairobi d bus zǒngzhàn fāshēng jǐ-cì bàozhà, zàochéng zuìshǎo 3 rén sǐwáng hé chāoguò 20 rén shòushāng.

Guanfang shuo: Kenya shooudu Nairobi d bus zoongzhahn fasheng jii-cih baohzhah, zaohcherng zuihshaao 3 rern siiwarng her chaoguoh 20 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Kenya shǒudū  Nairobi d bus zǒngzhàn fāshēng jǐ-cì         bàozhà, zàochéng zuìshǎo  3 rén    sǐwáng hé  chāoguò 20
Officials say:  Kenya capital Nairobi's bus terminal happen  serveral-time blast,  cause    at least 3 people die    and exceed  20

rén    shòushāng.
people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-10====

=====Israel's Netanyahu warns on attack timing=====

Israel 的 Netanyahu 警告 关于 袭击 的 时间

Israel d Netanyahu jǐnggào guānyú xíjī d shíjiān

Israel d Netanyahu jiinggaoh guanyur xirji d shirjian
&lt;pre&gt;
Israel d Netanyahu jǐnggào guānyú xíjī d shíjiān
Israel's Netanyahu warn    about  attack time
&lt;/pre&gt;

Israel's PM Benjamin Netanyahu warns he will not delay in attacking Iran's nuclear sites.

Israel 总理 Benjamin Netanyahu 警告 他 不会 延误 袭击 Iran 的 核子 设施。

Israel zǒnglǐ Benjamin Netanyahu jǐnggào tā bùhuì yánwù xíjī Iran d hézǐ shèshī.

Israel zoonglii Benjamin Netanyahu jiinggaoh ta buhuih yarnwuh xirji Iran d herzii shehshi.
&lt;pre&gt;
Israel zǒnglǐ Benjamin Netanyahu jǐnggào tā bùhuì yánwù xíjī   Iran d hézǐ    shèshī.
Israel PM     Benjamin Netanyahu warn    he won't delay attack Iran,s nuclear installation.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-09====

=====China plans to ban government officials from buying foreign cars=====

中国 计划 禁止 政府 官员 购买 外国 汽车

Zhōngguó jìhuà jìnzhǐ zhèngfǔ guānyuán gòumǎi wàiguó qìchē

Zhongguor jihhuah jihnzhii zhehngfuu guanyuarn gouhmaai waihguor qihche
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó jìhuà jìnzhǐ zhèngfǔ    guānyuán  gòumǎi wàiguó  qìchē
China    plan  ban    government officials buy    foreign car
&lt;/pre&gt;

China may stop officials spending taxpayers' money on foreign cars, forcing them to buy Chinese models instead.

中国 可能 停止 官员 花 纳税人 的 钱 买 外国 汽车，强迫 他们 购买 国产 的。

Zhōngguó kěnéng tíngzhǐ guānyuán huā nàshuìrén d qián mǎi wàiguó qìchē, qiángpò tāmen gòumǎi guóchǎn d.

Zhongguor keenerng tirngzhii guanyuarn hua nahshuihrern d qiarn maai waihguor qihche, qiarngpoh ta.men gouhmaai guorchaan d.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó kěnéng tíngzhǐ guānyuán  huā   nàshuìrén d qián  mǎi wàiguó  qìchē, qiángpò tāmen gòumǎi   guóchǎn d.
China    may    stop    officials spend taxpayer's  money buy foreign car,   force   them  purchase homemade.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-08====

=====Six soldiers killed in Afghan blast=====

Afghanistan 爆炸 杀死 6-个 军人

Afghanistan bàozhà shāsǐ 6-ge jūnrén

Afghanistan baohzhah shasii 6-.ge junrern
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan bàozhà shāsǐ 6-.ge jūnrén
Afghanistan blast  kill  6     soldier
&lt;/pre&gt;

Six soldiers are killed in the single worst enemy attack on UK troops in Afghanistan since operations began 11 years ago, bringing total deaths to 404.

自从 11 年 以前 入侵 Afghanistan 以来，对 英军 单一 的 最 恶劣 的 袭击，6-个 军人 被杀，积累 死亡 达到 总共 404-个。

Zìcóng 11 nián yǐqián rùqīn Afghanistan yǐlái, duì Yīngjūn dānyī d zuì èliè d xíjī, 6-ge jūnrén bèishā, jīlěi sǐwáng dádào zǒnggòng 404-ge.

Zihcorng 11 niarn yiiqiarn ruhqin Afghanistan yiilair, duih Yingjun danyi d zuih ehlieh d xirji, 6-.ge junrern beihsha, jileei siiwarng dardaoh zoonggohng 404-.ge.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zìcóng 11 nián yǐqián rùqīn  Afghanistan yǐlái,    duì Yīngjūn       dānyī d zuì  èliè d xíjī,   6-ge jūnrén  bèishā,  jīlěi      
From   11 year ago    invade Afghanistan till now, to  British troop single  most bad    attack, 6    soldier be kill, accumulate 

sǐwáng dádào zǒnggòng 404-ge.
death  reach total    404.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-07====

=====Deadly avalanche in Afghanistan=====

Afghanistan 致命 的 雪崩

Afghanistan zhìmìng d xuěbēng

Afghanistan zhihmihng d xueebeng
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zhìmìng d xuěbēng
Afghanistan deadly    snowslide
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 39 people have been killed by an avalanche in Afghanistan's remote north-eastern Badakhshan province, officials say.

官方 说：Afghanistan 遥远 的 东北部 省份 Badakhshan 的 雪崩 造成 最少 39 人 死亡。

Guānfāng shuō: Afghanistan yáoyuǎn d dōngběibù shěngfèn Badakhshan d xuěbēng zàochéng zuìshǎo 39 rén sǐwáng.

Guanfang shuo: Afghanistan yaoryuaan d dongbeeibuh sheengfehn Badakhshan d xueebeng zaohcherng zuihshaao 39 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō: Afghanistan yáoyuǎn d dōngběibù shěngfèn Badakhshan d xuěbēng   zàochéng zuìshǎo  39 rén    sǐwáng.
Officials say:  Afghanistan remote    northeast province Badakhshan's snowslide cause    at least 39 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-06====

=====Wave of Iraq attacks kills police=====

Iraq 一系列 的 袭击 杀死 警察

Iraq yīxìliè d xíjī shāsǐ jǐngchá

Iraq yixihlieh d xirji shasii jiingchar
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq yīxìliè d   xíjī   shāsǐ jǐngchá
Iraq a series of attack kill  police
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 27 policemen have been killed in a wave of shootings blamed on al-Qaeda in the western Iraqi city of Haditha.

据称 al-Qaeda 在 Iraq 西部 城市 Haditha 的 一系列 枪击 事件 最少 杀死 27-个 警察。

Jùchēng al-Qaeda zài Iraq xībù chéngshì Haditha d yīxìliè qiāngjī shìjiàn zuìshǎo shāsǐ 27-ge jǐngchá.

Juhcheng al-Qaeda zaih Iraq xibuh cherngshih Haditha d yixihlieh qiangji shihjiahn zuihshaao shasii 27-.ge jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jùchēng              al-Qaeda zài Iraq xībù chéngshì Haditha d yīxìliè     qiāngjī  shìjiàn  zuìshǎo  shāsǐ 27-ge jǐngchá.
According to reports al-Qaeda at  Iraq west city     Haditha,s a series of shooting incident at least kill  27    police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-05====

=====Dozens of Yemen troops die in clashes with al-Qaeda=====

几-十 个 Yemen 军人 在 与 al-Qaeda 的 冲突 中 死亡

Jǐ-shí ge Yemen jūnrén zài yǔ al-Qaeda d chōngtū zhōng sǐwáng

Jii-shir .ge Yemen junrern zaih yuu al-Qaeda d chongtu zhong siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Jǐ-shí ge    Yemen jūnrén   zài yǔ   al-Qaeda d chōngtū zhōng  sǐwáng
Several tens Yemen army men at  with al-Qaeda's clashes inside die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 30 soldiers and a number of militants have been killed in fighting in southern Yemen, military officials have said.

军方 说：Yemen 南部 的 战斗 造成 最少 30-个 士兵 和 一些 武装-分子 死亡。

Jūnfāng shuō: Yemen nánbù d zhàndòu zàochéng zuìshǎo 30-ge shìbīng hé yīxiē wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ sǐwáng.

Junfang shuo: Yemen narnbuh d zhahndouh zaohcherng zuihshaao 30-.ge shihbing her yixie wuwzhuang-fehnzii siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Jūnfāng      shuō: Yemen nánbù d zhàndòu  zàochéng zuìshǎo  30-ge shìbīng  hé  yīxiē wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ sǐwáng.
The military say:  Yemen south   fighting cause    at least 30    soldiers and some  militant       die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Poland suffers deadly train crash near Szczekociny=====

Poland Szczekociny 附近 发生 致命 的 火车 相撞

Poland Szczekociny fùjìn fāshēng zhìmìng d huǒchē xiāngzhuàng

Poland Szcsekociny fuhjihn fasheng zhihmihng d huooche xiangzhuahng
&lt;pre&gt;
Poland Szczekociny fùjìn    fāshēng zhìmìng d huǒchē xiāngzhuàng
Poland Szczekociny vicinity happen  deadly    train  collide
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two trains have collided in southern Poland, leaving 15 people dead and 50 hurt, local officials say.

当地 官方 说：两-列 火车 在 Poland 南部 相撞，导致 15 人 死亡 和 50 人 受伤。

Dāngdì guānfāng shuō: liǎng-liè huǒchē zài Poland nánbù xiāngzhuàng, dǎozhì 15 rén sǐwáng hé 50 rén shòushàng.

Dangdih guanfang shuo: liaang-lieh huooche zaih Poland narnbuh xiangzhuahng, daaozhih 15 rern siiwarng her 50 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Dāngdì guānfāng  shuō: liǎng-liè huǒchē zài Poland nánbù xiāngzhuàng, dǎozhì 15 rén    sǐwáng hé  50 rén    shòushàng.
Local  officials say,  two       train  at  Poland south collide,     cause  15 people die    and 50 people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-04====

=====Chinese village Wukan elected new leader=====

中国 的 村庄 乌坎 选出了 新 的 领导人

Zhōngguó d cūnzhuāng Wūkǎn xuǎnchūle xīn d lǐngdǎorén

Zhongguor d cunzhuang Wukaan xuaanchu.le xin d liingdaaorern
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d cūnzhuāng Wūkǎn xuǎnchūle xīn d lǐngdǎorén
China's    village   Wukan elected   new   leader
&lt;/pre&gt;

Thousands of people turned out to elect a new leader in a Chinese village Wukan in Guangdong Province.  Lin Zuluan is elected as the village head.

中国 广东 省 的 村庄 乌坎 几-千 人 出来 选举 一个 新 的 领导人。林 祖銮 被选 为 村长。

Zhōngguó Guǎngdōng Shěng d cūnzhuāng Wūkǎn jǐ-qiān rén chūlai xuǎnjǔ yīge xīn d lǐngdǎorén.  Lín Zǔluán bèixuǎn wéi cūnzhǎng.

Zhongguor Guaangdong Sheeng d cunzhuang Wukaan jii-qian rern chu.lai xuaanjuu yi.ge xin d liingdaaorern.  Lirn Zuuluarn beihxuaan weir cunzhaang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó Guǎngdōng Shěng d    cūnzhuāng Wūkǎn jǐ-qiān           rén    chūlai   xuǎnjǔ yīge xīn d lǐngdǎorén.  Lín Zǔluán 
China    Guangdong Province's village   Wukan several-thousands people come out elect  a    new   leader.      Lin Zuluan 

bèixuǎn    wéi cūnzhǎng.
be elected as  village head.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-03====

=====China releases standard names of Diaoyu Islands=====

中国 发布 钓鱼 群岛 的 标准 名称

Zhōngguó fābù Diàoyú Qúndǎo d biāozhǔn míngchēng

Zhongguor fabuh Diaohyur Qurndaao d biaozhuun mirngcheng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó fābù    Diàoyú Qúndǎo d biāozhǔn míngchēng
China    release Diaoyu Islands  standard names
&lt;/pre&gt;

China has released standard names and descriptions of the Diaoyu Island and a part of its affiliated isles, according to sources with the State Oceanic Administration.

根据 国家 海洋-局 的 资料 来源，中国 发布了 钓鱼 岛 和 它 的 部分 附属 岛屿 的 标准 名称 和 描述。

Gēnjù Guójiā Hǎiyáng-jú d zīliào láiyuán, Zhōngguó fābùle Diàoyú Dǎo hé tā d bùfen fùshǔ dǎoyǔ d biāozhǔn míngchéng hé miáoshù.

Genjuh Guorjia Haaiyarng-jur d ziliaoh lairyuarn, Zhongguor fabuh.le Diaohyur Daao her ta d buh.fen fuhshuu daaoyuu d biaozhuun mirngcheng her miaorshuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù        Guójiā Hǎiyáng-jú d   zīliào   láiyuán, Zhōngguó fābùle Diàoyú Dǎo    hé  tā d bùfen fùshǔ      dǎoyǔ d   biāozhǔn 
According to State  Ocean-bureau's material source,  China    issue  Diaoyu Island and its  part  subsidiary islands's standard 

míngchéng hé  miáoshù.
names     and descriptions.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Hong Kong leader apologizes over links with tycoons=====

香港 领导人 由于 与 大亨 的 关系 而 道歉

Xiānggǎng lǐngdǎorén yóuyú yǔ dàhēng d guānxì ér dàoqiàn

Xianggaang liingdaaorern youryur yuu dahheng d guanxih err daohqiahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Xiānggǎng lǐngdǎorén yóuyú   yǔ   dàhēng d guānxì ér   dàoqiàn
Hong Kong leader     because with tycoon's link   then apologize
&lt;/pre&gt;

Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang has apologized for undermining public confidence after an investigation was launched into his links with tycoons.

在 开始 调查 与 大亨 的 关系 之后，香港 行政 长官 Donald Tsang 由于 削弱 公众 的 信心 而 道歉。

Zài kāishǐ diàochá yǔ dàhēng d guānxì zhīhòu, Xiānggǎng Xíngzhèng Zhǎngguān Donald Tsang yóuyú xuēruò gōngzhòng d xìnxīn ér dàoqiàn.

Zaih kaishii diaohchar yuu dahheng d guanxih zhihouh, Xianggaang Xirngzhehng Zhaangguan Donald Tsang youryur xueruoh gongzhohng d xihnxin err daohqiahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài kāishǐ diàochá     yǔ   dàhēng d guānxì zhīhòu, Xiānggǎng Xíngzhèng      Zhǎngguān      Donald Tsang yóuyú   xuēruò gōngzhòng d
At  begin  investigate with tycoon,s link   after,  Hong Kong Administration Senior Officer Donald Tsang because weaken public     

xìnxīn     ér   dàoqiàn.
confidence then apologize.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-02====

=====EU leaders sign new fiscal treaty=====

EU 领袖们 签署 新 的 政府 财政 条约

EU lǐngxiùmen qiānshǔ xīn d zhèngfǔ cáizhèng tiáoyuē

EU liingxiuh.men qianshuu xin d zhehngfuu cairzhehng tiaoryue
&lt;pre&gt;
EU lǐngxiùmen qiānshǔ xīn d zhèngfǔ-cáizhèng   tiáoyuē
EU leaders    sign    new   government-finance treaty
&lt;/pre&gt;

All but two of the EU's 27 leaders sign a new treaty to enforce budget discipline within the bloc and rein in debts.

EU 全部 27-个 领袖 之中 的 25-个 签署 新 的 条约 以 执行 在 这个 集团 内 的 预算 纪律 和 控制 债务。

EU quánbù 27-ge lǐngxiù zhīzhōng d 25-ge qiānshǔ xīn d tiáoyuē yǐ zhíxíng zài zhège jítuán nèi d yùsuàn jìlǜ hé kòngzhì zhàiwù.

EU quarnbuh 27-.ge liingxiuh zhizhong d 25-.ge qianshuu xin d tiaoryue yii zhirxirng zaih zheh.ge jirtuarn neih d yuhsuahn jihlyuh her kohngzhih zhaihwuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU quánbù 27-ge lǐngxiù zhizhōng d 25-ge qiānshǔ xīn d tiáoyuē yǐ          zhíxíng zài zhège jítuán nèi d  yùsuàn jìlǜ       hé  
EU all    27    leader  inside     25    sign    new   treaty  in order to enforce at  this  bloc   inside budget discipline and 

kòngzhì zhàiwù.
control debt.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Oil price jumps to 43-month high=====

石油 价格 猛增 到 43-个 月 的 最高 纪录

Shíyóu jiàgé měngzēng dào 43-ge yuè d zuìgāo jìlù

Shiryour jiahger meengzeng daoh 43-.ge yueh d zuihgao jihluh
&lt;pre&gt;
Shíyóu jiàgé měngzēng         dào 43-ge yuè d zuìgāo  jìlù
Oil    price increase sharply to  43    month highest record
&lt;/pre&gt;

The price of crude oil reaches a three-and-a-half-year high following reports of an explosion at a pipeline in Saudi Arabia.

随着 Saudi Arabia 的 管道 爆炸 的 报道，原油 价格 达到 3 年 半 的 最高 纪录。

Suízhe Saudi Arabia d guǎndào bàozhà d bàodào, yuányóu jiàge dádào 3 nián bàn d zuìgāo jìlù.

Suir.zhe Saudi Arabia d guaandaoh baohzhah d baohdaoh, yuarnyour jiahger dardoah 3 niarn bahn d zuihgao jihluh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Suízhe    Saudi Arabia d guǎndào  bàozhà d  bàodào, yuányóu   jiàge dádào 3 nián bàn d zuìgāo  jìlù.
Following Saudi Arabia's pipeline explosion report, crude oil price reach 3 year half  highest record.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Red Cross due to enter Baba Amr area of Homs=====

红十字会 准备 进入 Homs 的 Baba Amr 地区

Hóngshízìhuì zhǔnbèi jìnrù Homs d Baba Amr dìqū

Horngshirzihhuih zhuunbeih jihnruh Homs d Baba Amr diqu
&lt;pre&gt;
Hóngshízìhuì zhǔnbèi jìnrù Homs d Baba Amr dìqū
Red Cross    prepare enter Homs's Baba Amr district
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Red Cross is due to enter the Baba Amr district of the Syrian city of Homs on Friday to deliver food and medical supplies after a month-long siege.

在 整月 的 围困 之后，红十字会 准备 星期五 进入 Syria 城市 Homs 的 Baba Amr 地区 运送 食物 和 医疗 供应品。

Zài zhěngyuè d wéikùn zhīhòu, Hóngshízìhuì zhǔnbèi Xīngqīwǔ jìnrù Syria chéngshì Homs d Baba Amr dìqū yùnsòng shíwù hé yīliáo gōngyìngpǐn.

Zaih zheengyueh d weirkuhn zhihouh, Horngshirzihhuih zhuunbeih Xingqiwuu jihnruh Syria cherngshih Homs d Baba Amr dihqu yuhnsohng shirwuh her yiliaor gongyihngpiin.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài zhěngyuè d  wéikùn zhīhòu, Hóngshízìhuì zhǔnbèi Xīngqīwǔ jìnrù Syria chéngshì Homs d Baba Amr  dìqū     yùnsòng shíwù hé 
At  whole month siege  after,  Red Cross    prepare Friday   enter Syria city     Homs's Baba Amar district deliver food  and 

yīliáo   gōngyìngpǐn.
medicine supplies.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Nato troops shot dead in Kandahar=====

Nato 部队 在 Kandahar 被 射杀

Nato bùduì zài Kandahar bèi shèshā

Nato buhduih zaih Kandahar beih shehsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato bùduì zài Kandahar bèi shèshā
Nato troop at  Kandahar be  kill by shooting
&lt;/pre&gt;

Nato says two of its troops have been killed in Afghanistan, the latest of several attacks following the burning of the Koran by US soldiers.

Nato 说 它 的 两-个 军人 在 Afghanistan 被 射杀，这 是 美军 烧毁 可兰经 之后 几-次 袭击 的 最新 新闻。 

Nato shuō tā d liǎng-ge jūnrén zài Afghanistan bèi shèshā, zhè shì Měijūn shāohuǐ Kělánjīng zhīhòu jǐ-cì xíjī d zuìxīn xīnwén.

Nato shuo ta d liaang-.ge junrern zaih Afghanistan beih shehsha, zheh shih Meeijun shaohuii Keelarnjing zhihouh jii-cih xirji d zuihxin xinwern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato shuō tā d liǎng-ge jūnrén  zài Afghanistan bèi shèshā,           zhè  shì Měijūn  shāohuǐ Kělánjīng zhīhòu jǐ-cì         
Nato say  its  two      soldier at  Afghanistan be  kill by shooting, this is  US army burn    Koran     -after several-times 

xíjī d zuìxīn xīnwén.
attack newest news.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-03-01====

=====Pakistan sectarian bus attack in Kohistan kills 18=====

Pakistan Kohistan 派系 的 bus 袭击 杀死 18 人

Pakistan Kohistan pàixì d bus xíjī shāsǐ 18 rén

Pakistan Kohistan paihxih d bus xirji shasii 18 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan Kohistan pàixì d   bus xíjī   shāsǐ 18 rén
Paisiatn Kohistan sectarian bus attack kill  18 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen have killed at least 18 Shia Muslim bus passengers in a sectarian attack in the northern Pakistani district of Kohistan, officials say.

官方 说，Pakistan 北部 地区 Kohistan 派系 的 袭击，枪手们 杀死了 最少 18-个 Shia-派 Muslim bus 乘客。

Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan běibù dìqū Kohistan pàixì d xíjī, qiāngshǒumen shāsǐle zuìshǎo 18-ge Shia-pài Muslim bus chéngkè.

Guanfang shuo, Pakistan beeibuh dihqu Kohistan paihxih d xirji, qiangshoou.men shasii.le zuihshaao 18-.ge Shia-paih Muslim bus cherngkeh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Pakistan běibù dìqū     Kohistan pàixì d   xíjī,   qiāngshǒumen shāsǐle zuìshǎo  18-ge Shia-pài     Muslim bus 
Officials say,  Pakistan north district Kohistan sectarian attack, gunmen       killed  at least 18    Shia-faction Muslim bus 

chéngkè.
passenger.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Car bomb in Baghdad kills three=====

Baghdad 汽车 炸弹 杀死 3 人

Baghdad qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ 3 rén

Baghdad qihche zhahdahn shasii 3 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Baghdad qìchē zhàdàn shāsǐ 3 rén
Baghdad car   bomb   kill  3 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least three people are killed and nine wounded in a car bomb attack in the Iraqi capital Baghdad, officials say.

Iraq 首都 Baghdad 汽车 炸弹 袭击 造成 最少 3 人 被杀 和 9-个 受伤，官方 说。

Iraq shǒudū Baghdad qìchē zhàdàn xíjī zàochéng zuìshǎo 3 rén bèishā hé 9-ge shòushāng, guānfāng shuo.

Iraq shooudu Baghdad qihche zhahdahn xirji zaohcherng zuihshaao 3 rern beihsha her 9-.ge shouhshang, guanfang shuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad qìchē zhàdàn xíjī   zàochéng zuìshǎo  3 rén    bèishā    hé  9-ge shòushāng,  guānfāng  shuo.
Iraq capital Baghdad car   bomb   attack cause    at least 3 people be killed and 9    be wounded, officials say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-29====

=====China violence: 12 dead in Kashgar city in Xinjiang=====

中国 新疆 Kashgar-市 发生 暴乱，12 人 死亡

Zhōngguó Xīnjiāng Kashgar-Shì fāshēng bàoluàn, 12 rén sǐwáng

Zhongguor Xinjiang Kashgar-Shih fasheng baohluahn, 12 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó Xīnjiāng d Kashgar-Shì  fāshēng bàoluàn, 12 rén    sǐwáng
China    Xinjiang   Kashgar-city happen  riot,    12 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese state media says 12 people have died in riots near the north-western city of Kashgar in Xinjiang province.

中国 国家 媒体 说 12 人 在 中国 西北部 新疆-省 Kashgar-市 附近 的 暴乱 中 死亡。

Zhōngguó guójiā méitǐ shuō 12 rén zài Zhōngguó xīběibù Xīnjiāng-Shěng Kashgar-Shì fùjìn d bàoluàn zhōng sǐwáng.

Zhongguor guorjia meirtii shuo 12 rern zaih Zhongguor xibeeibuh Xinjiang-Sheeng Kashgar-Shih fuhjihn d baohluahn zhong siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó guójiā méitǐ shuō 12 rén    zài Zhōngguó xīběibù   Xīnjiāng-Shěng    Kashgar-Shì  fùjìn d  bàoluàn zhōng  sǐwáng.
China    state  media say  12 people at  China    northwest Xinjiang-Province Kashgar-City vicinity riot    inside die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-28====

=====Deadly bombing at Afghan airport=====

Afghanistan 飞机场 的 致命 炸弹 爆炸

Afghanistan fēijīchǎng d zhìmìng zhàdàn bàozhà

Afghanistan feijichaang d zhihmihng zhahdahn baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan fēijīchǎng d zhìmìng zhàdàn bàozhà
Afghanistan airport      deadly  bomb   explosion
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Taliban suicide car bomber has killed at least nine people and wounded 10 others in an attack at Jalalabad airport in eastern Afghanistan.

Taliban 自杀-式 汽车 炸弹 袭击 Afghanistan 东部 的 Jalalabad 飞机场，杀死 9 个 人 和 10 个 受伤。

Taliban zìshā-shì qìchē zhàdàn xíjī Afghanistan dòngbù d Jalalabad fēijīchǎng, shāsǐ 9 ge rén hé 10 ge shòushāng.

Taliban zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn xirji Afghanistan dongbuh d Jalalabad feijichaaang, shasii 9 .ge rern her 10 .ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Taliban zìshā-shì     qìchē zhàdàn xíjī   Afghanistan dòngbù d Jalalabad fēijīchǎng, shāsǐ 9 ge rén    hé  10 ge shòushāng.
Taliban suicide-style car   bomb   attack Afghanistan east     Jalalabad airport,    kill  9    people and 10    be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-27====

=====Suicide attack on Nigerian church=====

自杀-式 袭击 Nigeria 教堂

Zìshā-shì xíjī Nigeria jiàotáng

Zihsha-shih xirji Nigeria jiaohtarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zìshā-shì     xíjī   Nigeria jiàotáng
Suicide-style attack Nigeria church
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide car bomb attack on a church in the Nigerian city of Jos kills three people and sparks bloody reprisal attacks.

自杀-式 汽车 炸弹 袭击 Nigeria 城市 Jos 的 教堂 杀死 3 个 人 和 导致 血腥 的 报复 袭击。

Zìshā-shì qìchē zhàdàn xíjī Nigeria chéngshì Jos d jiàotáng shāsǐ 3 ge rén hé dǎozhì xuèxīng d bàofu xíjī.

Zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn xirji Nigeria cherngshih Jos d jiaohtarng shasii 3 .ge rern her daaozhih xuehxing d baoh.fu xirji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zìshā-shì     qìchē zhàdàn xíjī   Nigeria chéngshì Jos d jiàotáng shāsǐ 3 ge rén hé     dǎozhì xuèxīng d bàofu    xíjī.
Suicide-style car   bomb   attack Nigeria city     Jos   church   kill  3    people and cause  bloody    reprisal attack.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-26====

=====Yemen bomb attack &quot;kills at least 26 people&quot; in Mukalla=====

Yemen Mukalla 炸弹 袭击 “杀死 最少 26 人”

Yemen Mukalla zhàdàn xíjī &quot;shāsǐ zuìshǎo 26 rén&quot;

Yemen Mukalla zhahdahn xirji &quot;shasii zuihshaao 26 rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Yemen Mukalla zhàdàn xíjī   &quot;shāsǐ zuìshǎo  26 rén&quot;
Yemen Mukalla bomb   attack &quot;kill  at least 26 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 26 people have been killed by a suicide car bomb in Yemen's southern Hadramawt province, officials say.

Yemen 南部 省份 Hadramawt 的 自杀-式 汽车 炸弹 杀死 最少 26 人，官方 说。

Yemen nánbù shěngfèn Hadramawt d zìshā-shì qīchē zhàdàn shāsǐ zuìshǎo 26 rén, guānfāng shuō.

Yemen narnbuh sheengfehn Hadramawt d zihsha-shih qihche zhahdahn shasii zuihshaao 26 rern, guangfang shuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yemen nánbù shěngfèn Hadramawt d zìshā-shì     qīchē zhàdàn shāsǐ zuìshǎo  26 rén,    guānfāng  shuō.
Yemen south province Hadramawt   suicide-style car   bomb   kill  at least 26 people, officials say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Nato in Afghan ministries pullout=====

在 Afghanistan 政府 部门 的 Nato 撤退

Zài Afghanistan zhèngfǔ bùmén d Nato chètuì

Zaih Afghanistan zhehngfuu buhmern d Nato chehtuih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài Afghanistan zhèngfǔ    bùmén      d Nato chètuì
At  Afghanistan government department   Nato pullout
&lt;/pre&gt;

Nato withdraws all its staff from Afghan ministries after two senior US officers are shot dead in the interior ministry in Kabul.

Kabul 内政部 两 个 美国 高级 军官 被 射杀 之后，Nato 从 Afghanistan 政府 部门 撤退 它 的 全部 职员。

Kabul nèizhèngbù liǎng ge Měiguó gāojí jūnguān bèi shèshā zhīhòu, Nato cóng Afghanistan zhèngfǔ bùmén chètuì tā d quánbù zhíyuán.

Kabul neihzhehngbuh liaang .ge Meeiguor gaojir junguan beih shehsha zhihouh, Nato corng Afghanistan zhehngfuu buhmern chehtuih ta d quarnbuh zhiryuarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kabul nèizhèngbù        liǎng ge Měiguó gāojí  jūnguān bèi shèshā           zhīhòu, Nato cóng Afghanistan zhèngfǔ    bùmén      
Kabul interior ministry two      US     senior officer be  kill by shooting -after, Nato from Afghanistan government department 

chètuì   tā d quánbù zhíyuán.
withdraw its  all    staff.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-25====

=====Bolivia's disabled clash with police over subsidies=====

Bolivia 伤残-人士 由于 津贴 问题 与 警察 发生 冲突

Bolivia shāngcán-rénshì yóuyú jīntiē wèntí yǔ jǐngchá fāshēng chōngtū

Bolivia shangcarn-rernshih youryur jintie wehntir yuu jiingchar fasheng chongtu
&lt;pre&gt;
Bolivia shāngcán-rénshì yóuyú      jīntiē  wèntí yǔ   jǐngchá fāshēng chōngtū
Bolivia disabled-people because of subsidy issue with police  happen  clash
&lt;/pre&gt;

Dozens of disabled people have clashed with police in Bolivia during a protest calling for higher state subsidies.

很 多 伤残-人士 在 Bolivia 一 次 要求 提高 国家 津贴 的 抗议 期间 与 警察 发生 冲突。

Hěn duō shāngcán-rénshì zài Bolivia yī cì yāoqiú tígāo guójiā jīntiē d kàngyì qījiān yǔ jǐngchá fāshēng chōngtū.

Heen duo shangcarn-rernshih zaih Bolivia yi cih yaoqiur tirgao guorjia jintie d kahngyih qijian yuu jiingchar fasheng chongtu.
&lt;pre&gt;
Hěn  duō  shāngcán-rénshì zài Bolivia yī cì yāoqiú  tígāo guójiā jīntiē d kàngyì  qījiān yǔ   jǐngchá fāshēng chōngtū.
Very many disabled-people at  Bolivia a     request raise state  subsidy  protest perios with police  happen  clash.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Pakistan police station attacked=====

Pakistan 警察局 被 袭击

Pakistan jǐngchájú bèi xíjī

Pakistan jiingcharjur beih xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan jǐngchájú      bèi xíjī
Pakistan police station be  attacked
&lt;/pre&gt;

Gunmen attack a police station in north-western Pakistan, killing at least three policemen and injuring seven others, officials say.

枪手 袭击 Pakistan 西北部 的 一 间 警察局，杀死 最少 3 个 警察 和 7 人 受伤，官方 说。

Qiāngshǒu xíjī Pakistan xīběibù d yī jiān jǐngchájú, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 3 ge jǐngchá hé 7 rén shòushāng, guānfāng shuō.

Qiangshoou xirji Pakistan xibeeibuh d yi jian jiingcharjur, shasii zuihshaao 3 .ge jiingchar her 7 rern shouhshang, guanfang shuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Qiāngshǒu xíjī   Pakistan xīběibù d yī jiān jǐngchájú,      shāsǐ zuìshǎo  3 ge jǐngchá   hé  7 rén    shòushāng,  guānfāng  shuō.
Gunmen    attack Pakistan northwest a       police station, kill  at least 3    policemen and 7 people be injured, officials say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Deadly blasts rock Nigerian city=====

致命 爆炸 袭击 Nigeria 城市

Zhìmìng bàozhà xíjī Nigeria chéngshì

Zhihmihng baohzhah xirji Nigeria cherngshih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmìng bàozhà xíjī   Nigeria chéngshì
Deadly  blast  attack Nigeria city
&lt;/pre&gt;

A gun and bomb attack kills at least four people in the northern Nigerian city of Gombe, amid an upsurge in religious and ethnic violence.

Nigeria 北部 城市 Gombe 的 枪击 和 炸弹 袭击 杀死 最少 4-个 人，宗教 和 种族 暴力 正在 上升。

Nigeria běibù chéngshì Gombe d qiāngjī hé zhàdàn xíjī shāsǐ zuìshǎo 4-ge rén, zōngjiào hé zhǒngzú bàolì zhèngzài shàngshēng.

Nigeria beeibuh cherngshih Gombe d qiangji her zhahdahn xirji shasii zuihshaao 4-.ge rern, zongjiaoh her zhoongzur baohlih zhehngzaih shahngsheng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria běibù chéngshì Gombe d qiāngjī  hé  zhàdàn xíjī   shāsǐ zuìshǎo  4-ge rén,    zōngjiào hé  zhǒngzú bàolì    zhèngzài    
Nigeria north city     Gombe's shooting and bomb   attack kill  at least 4    people, religion and race    violence in progress 

shàngshēng.
rise.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-24====

=====Iraq attacks kill 55 as Shia and police targeted=====

Iraq 针对 Shia 和 警察 的 袭击 杀死 55 人

Iraq zhēnduì Shia hé jǐngchá d xíjī shāsǐ 55 rén

Iraq zhenduih Shia her jiingchar d xirji shasii 55 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq zhēnduì Shia hé  jǐngchá d xíjī   shāsǐ 55 rén
Iraq aim at  Shia and police    attack kill  55 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 55 people have been killed and hundreds injured in a wave of bombings and shootings across Iraq, police say.

影响 整个 Iraq 的 一系列 炸弹 爆炸 和 枪击 事件 造成 最少 55 人 被杀 和 几-百 人 受伤，警方 说。

Yǐngxiǎng zhěngge Iraq d yīxìliè zhàdàn bàozhà hé qiāngjī shìjiàn zàochéng zuìshǎo 55 rén bèishā hé jǐ-bǎi rén shòushāng, jǐngfāng shuō.

Yiingxiaang zheengge Iraq d yixihlieh zhahdahn baohzhah her qiangji shihjiahn zaohcherng zuihshaao 55 rern beihsha her jii-baai rern shouhshang, jiingfang shuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yǐngxiǎng zhěngge Iraq d yīxìliè     zhàdàn bàozhà hé  qiāngjī  shìjiàn zàochéng zuìshǎo  55 rén    bèishā    hé  jǐ-bǎi          
Affect    whole   Iraq   a series of bomb   blast  and shooting event   cause    at least 55 people be killed and several-hundred 

rén    shòushāng,  jǐngfāng shuō.
people be injured, police   say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-23====

=====Heart symptoms &quot;differ in women&quot;=====

Fewer women than men suffering from a heart attack appear to experience chest pain symptoms, according to a study in the US.

Meiguor'd yarnjiu xiaanshih, nvvrern xinzahngbihngfa bii narnrern jiaohshaao yoou xinjiaaotohng'd zhehngzhuahng.

====2012-02-22====

=====Pinyin is the most widely-used Chinese writing system in Latin alphabet=====

汉语 拼音 是 用 Latin 字母 最 广泛 使用 的 中文 书写 系统

Hànyǔ Pīnyīn shì yòng Latin zìmǔ zuì guǎngfàn shǐyòng de Zhōngwén shūxiě xìtǒng

Hahnyuu Pinyin shih yohng Latin zihmuu zuih guaangfahn shiiyohng d Zhongwern shuxiee xihtoong
&lt;pre&gt;
Hànyǔ   Pīnyīn shì yòng Latin zìmǔ     zuì  guǎngfàn shǐyòng de Zhōngwén shūxiě  xìtǒng
Chinese Pinyin is  use  Latin alphabet most widely   use        Chinese  writing system
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pinyin is the standard of China as well as the UN.  It is the most popular Romanized Chinese system in the world nowadays.

汉语 拼音 是 中国 的 标准 也是 联合国 的 标准， 是 今天 世界上 最 流行 的 Roma化 中文 书写 系统。

Hànyǔ Pīnyīn shì Zhōngguó d biāozhǔn yěshì Liánhéguó d biāozhǔn, shì jīntiān shìjièshàng zuì liúxíng d Romahuà Zhōngwén shūxiě xìtǒng.

Hahnyuu Pinyin shih Zhongguor d biaozhuun yeeshih Liarnherguor d biaozhuun, shih jintian shihjiehshahng zuih liurxirng d Romahuah Zhongwern shuxiee xihtoong.
&lt;pre&gt;
Hànyǔ   Pīnyīn shì Zhōngguó d biāozhǔn yěshì   Liánhéguó d biāozhǔn, shì jīntiān shìjièshàng  zuì  liúxíng d Romahuà   Zhōngwén 
Chinese Pinyin is  China's    standard also is UN's        standard, is  today   in the world most popular   Romanized Chinese 

shūxiě  xìtǒng.
writing system.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Libya clashes kill scores in al-Kufra=====

Libya al-Kufra 的 冲突，大量 死亡

Libya al-Kufra d chōngtū, dàliàng sǐwáng

Libya al-Kufra d chongtu, dahliahng siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya al-Kufra d chōngtū, dàliàng        sǐwáng
Libya al-Kufra's clash,   large quantity die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Scores have been killed and injured in clashes between two rival ethnic groups in Libya's remote south-eastern area, according to local reports.

Libya 偏远 的 东南部 地区 两个 敌对 民族 之间 的 冲突，造成 大量 被杀 和 受伤，根据 当地 的 报道。

Libya piānyuǎn d dōngnánbù dìqū liǎngge díduì mínzú zhījiān d chōngtū, zàochéng dàliàng bèishā hé shòushāng, gēnjù dāngdì d bàodào.

Libya pianyuaan d dongnarnbuh dihqu liaange dirduih mirnzur zhijian d chongtu, zaohcherng dahliahng beihsha her shouhshang, genjuh dangdih d baohdaoh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya piānyuǎn d dōngnánbù dìqū liǎngge díduì   mínzú        zhījiān d chōngtū,  zàochéng dàliàng        bèishā    hé  shòushāng,  
Libya remote     southeast area two     hostile ethnic group -between  conflict, cause    large quantity be killed and be wounded, 

according to local    report.
gēnjù        dāngdì d bàodào.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-21====

=====West stirring civil war in Syria, says China's newspaper=====

中国 的 报纸 说，西方 煽动 Syria 的 内战

Zhōngguó d bàozhǐ shuō, Xīfāng shāndòng Syria d nèizhàn

Zhongguor d baohzhii shuo, Xifang shandohng Syria d neihzhahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d bàozhǐ     shuō, Xīfāng shāndòng Syria d nèizhàn
China's    newspapter say,  West   stir up  Syria's civil war
&lt;/pre&gt;

The official newspaper of China, Renmin Ribao, has accused the West of provoking a civil war in Syria.

中国 的 官方 报纸，人民 日报，谴责 西方 煽动 Syria 的 内战。

Zhōngguó d guānfāng bàozhǐ, Rénmín Rìbào, qiǎnzé Xīfāng shàndòng Syria d nèizhàn.

Zhongguor d guanfang baohzhih, Rernmirn Rihbaoh, qiaanzer Xifang shahndohng Syria d neihzhahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d guānfāng bàozhǐ,    Rénmín Rìbào, qiǎnzé Xīfāng shàndòng Syria d nèizhàn.
China's    official newspaper, People Daily, accuse West   provoke  Syria's civil war.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-20====

=====Iraq gun and bomb attacks hit Baghdad and Baquba=====

枪击 和 炸弹 袭击 Iraq 的 Baghdad 和 Baquba

Qiāngjī hé zhàdàn xíjī Iraq d Baghdad hé Baquba

Qiangji her zhahdahn xirji Iraq d Baghdad her Baquba
&lt;pre&gt;
Qiāngjī  hé  zhàdàn xíjī   Iraq d Baghdad hé  Baquba
Shooting and bomb   attack Iraq's Baghdad and Baquba
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 18 people have been killed in a suicide attack in the Iraqi capital Baghdad.

Iraq 首都 Baghdad 的 自杀-式 袭击，最少 18 人 被杀。

Iraq shǒudū Baghdad d zìshā-shì xíjī, zuìshǎo 18 rén bèishā.

Iraq shooudu Baghdad d zihsha-shih xirji, zuihshaao 18 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad d zìshā-shì     xíjī,   zuìshǎo  18 rén    bèishā.
Iraq capital Baghdad's suicide-style attack, at least 18 people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-19====

=====Slow walking &quot;predicts dementia&quot;=====

走路 缓慢 “预测 痴呆症”

Zǒulù huǎnmàn &quot;yùcè chīdāizhèng&quot;

Zoouluh huaanmahn &quot;yuhceh chidaizhehng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Zǒulù huǎnmàn &quot;yùcè    chīdāizhèng&quot;
Walk  slowly  &quot;predict dementia&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The speed someone walks may predict the likelihood of developing dementia later in life, according to researchers in the US.

根据 美国 研究 报告，一个 人 走路 的 速度 可以 预测 在 晚年 发展 痴呆症 的 可能性。

Gēnjù Měiguó yánjiū bàogào, yīge rén zǒulù d sùdù kěyǐ yùcè zài wǎnnián fāzhǎn chīdàizhèng d kěnéngxìng.

Genjuh Meeiguor yarnjiu baohgaoh, yi.ge rern zoouluh d suhduh keeyii yuhceh zaih waanniarn fazhaan chidaizhehng d keenerngxihng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù     Měiguó yánjiū   bàogào, yīge rén zǒulù d   sùdù  kěyǐ yùcè    zài wǎnnián fāzhǎn  chīdàizhèng d kěnéngxìng.
According US     research report, someone  walking's speed may  predict at  old age develop dementia      possibility.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-18====

=====Blast at Pakistan town &quot;kills 26&quot;=====

Pakistan 市镇 爆炸 “杀死 26 人”

Pakistan shìzhèn bàozhà &quot;shāsǐ 26 rén&quot;

Pakistan shihzhehn baohzhah &quot;shasii 26 rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan shìzhèn bàozhà &quot;shāsǐ 26 rén&quot;
Pakistan town    blast  &quot;kill  26 people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide bomb attack on a market in a Shia Muslim area of north-west Pakistan has killed 26 people and injured at least 50 others, officials say.

Pakistan 西北部 Shia Muslim 地区 的 一个 市场 发生 自杀-式 炸弹 袭击，杀死 26 人 和 最少 60 人 受伤。

Pakistan xīběibù Shia Muslim dìqū d yīge shìchǎng fāshēng zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī, shāsǐ 26 rén hé zuìshǎo 60 rén shòushāng, guānfāng shuō.

Pakistan xibeeibuh Shia Muslim dihqu d yi.ge shihchaang fasheng zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji, shasii 26 rern her zuihshaao 60 rern shouhshang, guanfang shuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan xīběibù       Shia Muslim dìqū d yīge shìchǎng fāshēng zìshā-shì     zhàdàn xíjī,   shāsǐ 26 rén    hé  zuìshǎo  60 
Pakistan the northwest Shia Muslim area's a    market   happen  suicide-style bomb   attack, kill  26 people and at least 60 

rén    shòushāng,  guānfāng  shuō.
people be injured, officials say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-17====

=====Libya militias &quot;out of control&quot;=====

Libya 民兵 “失去 控制”

Libya mínbīng &quot;shīqù kòngzhì&quot;

Libya mirnbing &quot;shiquh kohngzhih&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya mínbīng  &quot;shīqù kòngzhì&quot;
Libya militia  &quot;lose  control&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Armed militias are threatening the security of large parts of Libya, Amnesty International warns, saying at least 12 detainees were tortured to death.

国际 特赦 组织 警告，最少 12 个 被拘留者 被 拷问 致死，武装 民兵 威胁着 Libya 大部分 地区 的 安全。

Guójì Tèshè Zǔzhī jǐnggào, zuìshǎo 12 ge bèijūliúzhě bèi kǎowèn zhìsǐ, wǔzhuāng mínbīng wēixiézhe Libya dàbùfèn dìqū d ānquán.

Guorjih Tehsheh Zuuzhi jiinggaoh, zuihshaao 12 .ge beihjuliurzhee beih kaaowehn zhihsii, wuuzhuang mirnbing weixierzhe Libya dahbuhfehn dihqu d anquarn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guójì         Tèshè   Zǔzhī        jǐnggào, zuìshǎo  12 ge bèijūliúzhě bèi kǎowèn  zhìsǐ,       wǔzhuāng mínbīng wēixiézhe   Libya 
International Amnesty Organization warn,    at least 12    detainee    be  torture cause death, armed    militia threatening Libya 

dàbùfèn    dìqū d ānquán.
major part area's security.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-16====

=====China's Xi Jinping calls for &quot;deep&quot; US-China ties=====

中国 的 习 近平 呼吁 “深化” 美-中 关系

Zhōngguó d Xí Jìnpíng hūyù &quot;shēnhuà&quot; Měi-Zhōng guānxì

Zhongguor d Xir Jihnpirng huyuh &quot;shenhuah&quot; Meei-Zhong guanxih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó d Xí Jìnpíng hūyù     &quot;shēnhuà&quot; Měi-Zhōng guānxì
China's    Xi Jinping call for &quot;deepen&quot;  US-China  relation
&lt;/pre&gt;

Chinese Vice-President Xi Jinping has called for deeper &quot;strategic trust&quot; in a speech to business leaders, on the second full day of his US visit.

中国 副-总统 习 近平 在 他 访问 美国 的 第-二 天，在 一-次 对 商业 领袖们 的 演讲，呼吁 加深 “战略 的 信任”。

Zhōngguó Fù-Zǒngtǒng Xí Jìnpíng zài tā fǎngwèn Měiguó d dì-èr tiān, zài yī-cì duì shāngyè lǐngxiùmen d yǎnjiǎng, hūyù jiāshēn &quot;zhànlüè d xìnrèn&quot;.

Zhongguor Fuh-Zoongtoong Xir Jihnpirng zaih ta faangwehn Meeiguor d dih-erh tian, zaih yi-cih duih shangyeh liingxiuhmen d yaanjiaang, huyuh jiashen &quot;zhahnlueh d xihnrehn&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó Fù-Zǒngtǒng    Xí Jìnpíng zài tā fǎngwèn Měiguó d dì-èr  tiān, zài yī-cì duì shāngyè  lǐngxiùmen d yǎnjiǎng, hūyù     
China    Vice-President Xi Jinping at  he visit   US       second day,  at  a     to  business leaders      speech,   call for 

jiāshēn &quot;zhànlüè d xìnrèn&quot;.
deepen  &quot;strategic trust&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-15====

=====China Premier Wen Jiabao vows to help on Eurozone debt=====

中国 总理 温 家宝 宣布 帮助 Euro-区 债务

Zhōngguó Zǒnglǐ Wēn Jiābǎo xuānbù bāngzhù Euro-qū zhàiwù

Zhongguor Zoonglii Wen Jiabaao xuanbuh bangzhuh Euro-qu zhaihwuh
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó Zǒnglǐ  Wēn Jiābǎo xuānbù  bāngzhù Euro-qū  zhàiwù
China    Premier Wen Jiabao declare help    Eurozone debt
&lt;/pre&gt;

China has promised to help resolve the Eurozone's debt crisis, after talks with EU leaders in Beijing.

与 在 北京 的 EU 领袖们 交谈 以后，中国 答应了 帮助 解决 Euro-区 的 债务 危机。

Yǔ zài Běijīng d EU lǐngxiùmen jiāotán yǐhòu, Zhōngguó dāyingle bāngzhù jiějué Euro-qū d zhàiwù wēijī.

Yuu zaih Beeijing d EU liingxiuhmen jiaotarn yiihouh, Zhongguor dayihngle bangzhuh jieejuer Euro-qu d zhaihwuh weiji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yǔ   zài Běijīng d EU lǐngxiùmen jiāotán yǐhòu, Zhōngguó dāyingle bāngzhù jiějué  Euro-qū d  zhàiwù wēijī.
With at  Beijing   EU leaders    talk   -after, China    promised help    resolve Eurozone's debt   crisis.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-14====

=====Big meals in &quot;memory loss link&quot; in elderly=====

老年人 吃 得 太 多 “与 失忆 有 联系”

Lǎoniánrén chī de tài duō &quot;yǔ shīyì yǒu liánxì&quot;

Laaonarnrern chi de taih duo &quot;yuu shiyih yoou liarnxih&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Lǎoniánrén chī de tài duō  &quot;yǔ   shīyì       yǒu  liánxì&quot;
Elderly    eat    too much &quot;with memory loss have link&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A link between memory loss and a high calorie diet has been suggested by researchers in the US.

美国 研究者 指出，高 calorie 饮食 和 失忆 之间 有 联系。

Měiguó yánjiūzhě zhǐchū, gāo calorie yǐnshí hé  shīyì zhījiān yǒu liánxì.

Meeiguor yarnjiuzhee zhiichu, gao calorie yiinshir her shiyi zhijian yoou liarnxih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Měiguó yánjiūzhě zhǐchū,    gāo  calorie yǐnshí hé  shīyì        zhījiān yǒu  liánxì.
US     researcher sugguest, high calorie diet   and memory loss -between have link.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-13====

=====Five Afghan policemen killed in Uruzgan bomb blast=====

Uruzgan 炸弹 爆炸，5 个 Afghanistan 警察 被杀

Uruzgan zhàdàn bàozhà, 5 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèishā

Uruzgan zhahdahn baohzhah, 5 .ge Afghanistan jiingchar beihsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Uruzgan zhàdàn bàozhà, 5 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèishā
Uruzgan bomb   blast,  5    Afghanistan police  be killed
&lt;/pre&gt;

Five Afghan policemen have been killed by a roadside bomb in central Uruzgan province, officials say.

Uruzgan 省 中部 5 个 Afghanistan 警察 被 一个 路边 炸弹 杀死，官方 说。

Uruzgan shěng zhōngbù 5 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèi yīge lùbiān zhàdàn shāsǐ, guānfāng shuō.

Uruzgan sheeng zhongbuh 5 .ge Afghanistan jiingchar beih yi.ge luhbian zhahdahn shasii, guanfang shuo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Uruzgan shěng    zhōngbù         5 ge Afghanistan jǐngchá bèi yīge lùbiān   zhàdàn shāsǐ, guānfāng  shuō.
Uruzgan province central section 5    Afghanistan police  be  a    roadside bomb   kill,  officials say.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-12====

=====Iran to make nuclear announcement=====

Iran 准备 核子 宣言

Iran zhǔnbèi hézǐ xuānyán

Iran zhuunbeih herzii xuanyarn
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran zhǔnbèi hézǐ    xuānyán
Iran prepare nucleus announcement
&lt;/pre&gt;

Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad says his country will announce major nuclear achievements in the next few days. 

Iran 总统 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 说 他 的 国家 将会 在 几-天 之后 宣布 核子 成果。

Iran Zǒngtǒng Mahmoud Ahmadinejad shuō tā d guójiā jiānghuì zài jǐ-tiān zhīhòu xuānbù hézǐ chéngguǒ.

Iran Zoongtoong Mahmoud Ahmadinejad shuo ta d guorjia jianghuih zaih jii-tian zhihouh xuanbuh herzii cherngguoo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran Zǒngtǒng  Mahmoud Ahmadinejad shuō tā d guójiā  jiānghuì zài jǐ-tiān       zhīhòu xuānbù   hézǐ    chéngguǒ.
Iran President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad say  his  country will     at  several-days -after  announce nucleus achievement.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-11====

=====Libya's Saadi Gaddafi threatens to lead uprising=====

Libya 的 Saadi Gaddafi 威胁 领导 起义

Libya d Saadi Gaddafi wēixié lǐngdǎo qǐyì

Libya d Saadi Gaddafi weixier liingdaao qiiyih
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya d Saadi Gaddafi wēixié   lǐngdǎo qǐyì
Libya's Saadi Gaddafi threaten to lead uprising
&lt;/pre&gt;

One of the sons of the late Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi has threatened to lead an uprising against the country's transitional government.

Libya 前-领导人 Muammar Gaddafi 的 一个 儿子 威胁 领导 起义 反抗 这个 国家 的 过渡 政府。

Libya qián-lǐngdǎorén Muammar Gaddafi d yīge érzi wēixié lǐngdǎo qǐyì fǎnkàng zhège guójiā d guòdù zhèngfǔ.

Libya qiarn-liingdaaorern Muammar Gaddafi d yi.ge errzi weixier liingdaao qiiyih faankahng zheh.ge guorjia d guohduh zhehngfuu.
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya qián-lǐngdǎorén Muammar Gaddafi d yīge érzi wēixié   lǐngdǎo qǐyì     fǎnkàng zhège guójiā d  guòdù        zhèngfǔ.
Libya former-leader   Muammar Gaddafi's a    son  threaten to lead uprising against this  country's transitional government.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-10====

=====Heart disease risk &quot;inherited&quot;=====

心脏病 的 “遗传” 危险

Xīnzàngbìng d &quot;yíchuán&quot; wēixiǎn

Xinzahngbihng d &quot;yirchuarn&quot; weixiaan
&lt;pre&gt;
Xīnzàngbìng d   &quot;yíchuán&quot;  wēixiǎn
Heart disease's &quot;heredity&quot; risk
&lt;/pre&gt;

Scientists say a common heart disease which kills thousands each year is passed genetically from father to son.

科学家 说 一-种 每-年 杀死 几千 人 的 普通 心脏病 是 父亲 遗传 给 儿子 的。

Kēxuéjiā shuō yī-zhǒng měi-nián shāsǐ jǐ-qiān rén d pǔtōng xīnzàngbìng shì fùqin yíchuán gěi érzi d.

Kexuerjia shuo yi-zhoong meei-niarn shasii jii-qian rern d puutong xinzahngbihng shih fuhqin yirchuarn geei errzi d.
&lt;pre&gt;
Kēxuéjiā  shuō yī-zhǒng  měi-nián  shāsǐ jǐ-qiān           rén d    pǔtōng xīnzàngbìng   shì fùqin  yíchuán  gěi érzi d.
Scientist say  a-kind    each-year kill  several-thousands people's common heart disease is  father bequeath to  son.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-09====

=====Cafe in Somalia hit by car bomb=====

Somalia coffee-店 被 汽车 炸弹 袭击

Somalia coffee-diàn bèi qìchē zhàdàn xíjī

Somalia coffee-diahn beih qihche zhahdahn xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Somalia coffee-diàn bèi qìchē zhàdàn xíjī
Somalia coffee-shop be  car   bomb   attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 people are killed and more than 20 injured when a car bomb planted by Islamist militants explodes near a cafe in Somalia's capital.

一个 被 Islam 武装-分子 放置 在 Somalia 首都 一-间 coffee-店 附近 的 汽车 炸弹 爆炸，造成 最少 10 人 被杀 和 超过 20 人 受伤。

Yīge bèi Islam wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ fàngzhì zài Somalia shǒudū yī-jiān coffee-diàn fùjìn d qìchē zhàdàn bàozhà, zàochéng zuìshǎo 10 rén bèishā hé chāoguò 20 rén shòushāng.

Yi.ge beih Islam wuuzhuang-fehnzii fahngzhih zaih Somalia shooudu yi-jian coffee-diahn fuhjihn d qihche zhahdahn baohzhah, zaohcherng zuihshaao 10 rern beihsha her chaoguoh 20 rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīge bèi Islam wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ fàngzhì zài Somalia shǒudū  yī-jiān coffee-diàn fùjìn d  qìchē zhàdàn bàozhà,  zàochéng zuìshǎo  
A    be  Islam militants      plant   at  Somalia capital a       coffee-diàn vicinity car   bomb   explode, cause    at least 

10 rén    bèishā    hé  chāoguò 20 rén    shòushāng.
10 people be killed and exceed  20 people be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-08====

=====Militants &quot;hit Nigeria pipeline&quot;=====

武装-分子 “袭击 Nigeria 管道”

Wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ &quot;xíjī Nigeria guǎndào&quot;

Wuuzhuang-fehnzii &quot;xirji Nigeria guaandaoh&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ &quot;xíjī   Nigeria guǎndào&quot;
Militants      &quot;attack Nigeria pipeline&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Militants say they have destroyed an oil pipeline in southern Nigeria, in their first attack in more than a year.

武装-分子 说 他们 摧毁了 Nigeria 南部 的 一-条 石油 管道，这 是 一-年 多 以来 他们 的 第一-次 袭击。

Wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ shuō tāmen cuīhuǐle Nigeria nánbù d yī-tiáo shíyóu guǎndào, zhè shì yī-nián duō yǐlái tāmen d dīyī-cì xíjī.

Wuuzhuang-fehnzii shuo tamen cuihuiile Nigeria narnbuh d yi-tiaor shiryour guaandaoh, zheh shih yi-niarn duo yiilair tamen d dihyi-cih xirji. 
&lt;pre&gt;
Wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ shuō tāmen cuīhuǐle  Nigeria nánbù d yī-tiáo shíyóu guǎndào,  zhè  shì yī-nián duō   yǐlái tāmen d dīyī-cì xíjī.
Militants      say  they  destroyed Nigeria south   a       oil    pipeline, this is  a-year -more -since their   first   attack.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-07====

=====Israel condemns Fatah-Hamas move=====

Israel 谴责 Fatah-Hamas 的 行动

Israel qiǎnze Fatah-Hamas d xíngdòng

Israel qiaanzer Fatah-Hamas d xirngdohng
&lt;pre&gt;
Israel qiǎnze Fatah-Hamas d xíngdòng
Israel condem Fatah-Hamas   action
&lt;/pre&gt;

Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu condemns a unity deal between Fatah and Hamas, saying it damages prospects for peace.

Israel 总理 Benjamin Netanyahu 谴责 Fatah 和 Hamas 之间 的 统一 协议，认为 它 破坏 和平 前景。

Israel Zǒnglǐ Benjamin Netanyahu qiǎnzé Fatah hé Hamas zhījiān d tǒngyī xiéyì, rènwéi tā pòhuài hépíng qiánjǐng.

Israel Zoonglii Benjamin Netanyahu qiaanzer Fatah her Hamas zhijian d toongyi xieryih, rehnweir ta pohhuaih herpirng qiarnjiing.
&lt;pre&gt;
Israel Zǒnglǐ  Benjamin Netanyahu qiǎnzé  Fatah hé  Hamas zhījiān d tǒngyī xiéyì,  rènwéi tā pòhuài hépíng qiánjǐng.
Israel Premier Benjamin Netanyahu condemn Fatah and Hamas -between  unity  treaty, think  it damage peace  prospects.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-06====

=====Afghanistan: Nine dead in Kandahar car bomb attack=====

Afghanistan：Kandahar 汽车 炸弹 袭击，9 人 死亡

Afghanistan: Kandahar qìchē zhàdàn xíjī, 9 rén sǐwáng

Afghanistan: Kandahar qihche zhahdahn xirji, 9 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan: Kandahar qìchē zhàdàn xíjī,   9 rén    sǐwáng
Afghanistan: Kandahar car   bomb   attack, 9 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

A car bomb attack on police headquarters in the southern Afghan city of Kandahar has killed at least nine people, including five policemen.

Afghanistan 南部 城市 Kandahar 汽车 炸弹 袭击 警察 总部，杀死 最少 9 个 人，包括 5 个 警察。

Afghanistan nánbù chéngshì Kandahar qìchē zhàdàn xíjī jǐngchá zǒngbù, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 9 ge rén, bāokuò 5 ge jǐngchá.

afghanistan narnbuh cherngshih Kandahar qihche zhahdahn xirji jiingchar zoongbuh, shasii zuihshaao 9 .ge rern, baokuoh 5 .ge jiingchar.
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan nánbù chéngshì Kandahar qìchē zhàdàn xíjī jǐngchá zǒngbù,        shāsǐ zuìshǎo  9 ge rén,    bāokuò  5 ge jǐngchá.
Afghanistan south city     Kandahar car   bomb   attack police headquarters, kill  at least 9    people, include 5    police.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-05====

=====Oil spurs Canada PM Stephen Harper visit to China=====

石油 刺激 Canada 总理 Stephen Harper 访问 中国

Shíyóu cìjī Canada zǒnglǐ Stephen Harper fǎngwèn Zhōngguó

Shiryour cihji Canada zoonglii Stephen Harper faangwehn Zhongguor
&lt;pre&gt;
Shíyóu    cìjī Canada zǒnglǐ  Stephen Harper fǎngwèn Zhōngguó
Petroleum spur Canada premier Stephen Harper visit   China
&lt;/pre&gt;

Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper will visit China next week to discuss the future of Canada's oil products.

Canada 总理 Stephen Harper 将会 下个 星期 访问 中国 讨论 Canada 石油 产品 的 前景。

Canada Zǒnglǐ Stephen Harper jiānghuì xiàge xīngqī fǎngwèn Zhōngguó tǎolùn Canada shíyóu chǎnpǐn d qiánjǐng.

Canada Zoonglii Stephen Harper jianghuih xiahge xingqi faangwehn Zhongguor taaoluhn Canada shiryour chaanpiin d qiarnjiing.
&lt;pre&gt;
Canada Zǒnglǐ  Stephen Harper jiānghuì xiàge xīngqī fǎngwèn Zhōngguó tǎolùn  Canada shíyóu    chǎnpǐn d qiánjǐng.
Canada Premier Stephen Harper will     next  week   vist    China    discuss Canada petroleum product's future.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-04====

=====Colombia police suffer deadly attacks=====

Colombia 警察 受到 致命 的 袭击

Colombia jǐngchá shòudào zhìmìng d xíjī

Colombia jiingchar shouhdaoh zhihmihng d xirji
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia jǐngchá shòudào  zhìmìng d xíjī
Colombia police  be given deadly    attack
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least six people have been killed and more than a dozen injured in an attack on a police station in western Colombia.

Colombia 西部 针对 警察局 的 袭击，造成 最少 6 个 人 被杀 和 超过 12 个 人 受伤。

Colombia xībù zhēnduì jǐngchájú d xíjī, zàochéng zuìshǎo 6 ge rén bèishā hé chāoguò 12 ge rén shòushāng.

Colombia xibuh zhenduih jiingcharjur d xirji, zaohcherng zuihshaao 6 .ge rern beihsha her chaoguoh 12 .ge rern shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Colombia xībù     zhēnduì   jǐngchájú d      xíjī,  zàochéng zuìshǎo  6 ge rén    bèishā    hé  chāoguò 12 ge rén    shòushāng.
Colombia the west be aim at police station's attak, to cause at least 6    people be killed and exceed  12    people be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-03====

=====China &quot;considering&quot; Eurozone rescue pledge, Wen says=====

温 家宝 说，中国 “考虑” Euro-区 的 救援 保证

Wēn Jiābǎo shuō, Zhōngguó &quot;kǎolǜ&quot; Euro-qū d jiùyuán bǎozhèng

Wen Jiabaao shuo, Zhongguor &quot;kaaolyuh&quot; Euro-qu d jiuhyuarn baaozhehng
&lt;pre&gt;
Wēn Jiābǎo shuō, Zhōngguó &quot;kǎolǜ&quot;    Euro-qū d  jiùyuán bǎozhèng
Wen Jiabao say,  China    &quot;consider&quot; Eurozone's rescue  pledge
&lt;/pre&gt;

China is &quot;considering&quot; contributing to European rescue funds, Premier Wen Jiabao has told reporters.

温 家宝 总理 告诉 记者，中国 正在 “考虑” 认购 欧洲 救援 基金。

Wēn Jiābǎo zǒnglǐ gàosù jìzhě, Zhōngguó zhèngzài &quot;kǎolǜ&quot; rèngòu Ōuzhōu jiùyuán jījīn.

Wen Jiabaao zoonglii gaohsuh jihzhee, Zhongguor zhehngzaih &quot;kaaolyuh&quot; rehngouh Ouzhou jiuhyuarn jijin.
&lt;pre&gt;
Wēn Jiābǎo zǒnglǐ  gàosù jìzhě,    Zhōngguó zhèngzài             &quot;kǎolǜ&quot;    rèngòu           Ōuzhōu jiùyuán jījīn.
Wen Jiabao primier tell  reporter, China    be in the process of &quot;consider&quot; subscribe to buy Europe rescue  fund.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-02====

=====Pakistan helping Afghan Taliban - Nato=====

Nato 说：Pakistan 帮助 Afghanistan 的 Taliban

Nato shuō: Pakistan bāngzhù Afghanistan d Taliban

Nato shuo: Pakistan bangzhuh Afghanistan d Taliban
&lt;pre&gt;
Nato shuō: Pakistan bāngzhù Afghanistan d Taliban
Nato say:  Pakistan help    Afghanistan's Taliban
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Taliban in Afghanistan are being directly assisted by Pakistani security services, according to a secret Nato report seen by the BBC.

根据 BBC 看过 的 机密 Nato 报告，Pakistan 保安 部门 直接 帮助 Afghanistan 的 Taliban。

Gēnjù BBC kànguo d jīmì Nato bàogào, Pakistan bǎo'ān bùmén zhíjiē bāngzhù Afghanistan d Taliban.

Genhuh BBC kahnguo d jimih Nato baohgaoh, Pakistan baao`an buhmern zhirjie bangzhuh Afghanistan d Taliban.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù     BBC kànguo d jīmì   Nato bàogào, Pakistan bǎo'ān   bùmén     zhíjiē   bāngzhù Afghanistan d Taliban.
According BBC seen     secret Nato report, Pakistan security deparment directly assist  Afghanistan's Taliban.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-02-01====

=====UN action &quot;could spur Syria war&quot;=====

联合国 行动 “会 刺激 Syria 战争”

Liánhéguó xíngdòng &quot;huì cìjī Syria zhànzhēng&quot;

Liarnherguor xirngdohng &quot;huih cihji Syria zhahnzheng&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Liánhéguó xíngdòng &quot;huì   cìjī Syria zhànzhēng&quot;
UN        action   &quot;could spur Syria war&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Western-Arab push for a UN resolution on Syria could put the country on a &quot;path to civil war&quot;, warns Russia's deputy foreign minister.

Russia 副-外交-部长 警告，西方 和 Arab 推动 的 关于 Syria 的 决议 会 使到 这个 国家 “走向 内战”。

Russia fù-wàijiāo-bùzhǎng jǐnggào, Xīfāng hé Arab tuīdòng d guānyú Syria d juéyì huì shǐdào zhège guójiā &quot;zǒuxiàng nèizhàn&quot;.

Russia fuh-waihjiao-buhzhaang jiinggaoh, Xifang her Arab tuidohng d guanyur Syria d jueryih huih shiidaoh zheh.ge guorjia &quot;zoouxiang neihzhahn&quot;.
&lt;pre&gt;
Russia fù-wàijiāo-bùzhǎng      jǐnggào, Xīfāng   hé   Arab tuīdòng d guānyú Syria d juéyì     huì   shǐdào zhège guójiā  
Russia deputy foreign minister warn,    the West with Arab push      about  Syria's resoluton could make   this  country 

&quot;zǒuxiàng nèizhàn&quot;.
&quot;run to   civil war&quot;.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-31====

=====EU summit: UK and Czechs refuse to join fiscal compact=====

EU 高峰-会议：英国 和 Czechs 拒绝 参加 政府-财政 协议

EU gāofēng-huìyì: Yīngguó hé Czechs jùjué cānjiā zhèngfǔ-cáizhèng xiéyì

EU gaofeng-huihyih: Yingguor her Czechs juhjuer canjia zhehngfuu-cairzhehng xieryih
&lt;pre&gt;
EU gāofēng-huìyì: Yīngguó hé  Czechs jùjué  cānjiā zhèngfǔ-cáizhèng xiéyì
EU summit:        UK      and Czechs refuse join   fiscal           compact
&lt;/pre&gt;

Twenty-five of the EU's 27 member states have agreed to join a fiscal treaty to enforce budget discipline.

EU 27 个 成员国 的 25 个 同意 参加 政府-财政 条约 执行 预算 纪律。

EU 27 ge chéngyuánguó d 25 ge tóngyì cānjiā zhèngfǔ-cáizhèng tiáoyuē zhíxíng yùsuàn jìlǜ.

EU 27 .ge cherngyuarnguor d 25 .ge torngyih canjia zhehngfuu-cairzhehng tiaoryue zhirxirng yuhsuahn jihlyuh.
&lt;pre&gt;
EU 27 ge chéngyuánguó d   25 ge tóngyì cānjiā zhèngfǔ-cáizhèng tiáoyuē zhíxíng yùsuàn jìlǜ.
EU 27    member country's 25    agree  join   fiscao           treaty  enforce budget discipline.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-30====

=====Crackdown on rebels in Damascus=====

Damascus 的 叛乱 被 评定

Damascus d pànluàn bèi píngdìng

Damascus d pahnluahn beih pirngdihng
&lt;pre&gt;
Damascus d pànluàn         bèi píngdìng
Damascus's armed rebellion be suppressed
&lt;/pre&gt;

The Syrian army has moved to retake control of Damascus suburbs from rebel forces, activists say.

活动分子 说，Syria 军队 推进，从 叛军 手中 夺回 Damascus 郊区 的 控制。

Huódòngfènzǐ shuō, Syria jūnduì tuījìn, cóng pànjūn shǒuzhōng duóhuí Damascus jiāoqū d kòngzhì.

Huordohngfehnzii shuo, Syria junduih tuijihn, corng pahnjun shoouzhong duorhuir Damascus jiaoqu d kohngzhih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Huódòngfènzǐ shuō, Syria jūnduì tuījìn,       cóng pànjūn       shǒuzhōng   duóhuí Damascus jiāoqū d kòngzhì.
Activist     say,  Syria army   move forward, from rebel forces in the hand retake Damascus suburb's control.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-29====

=====Car bomb kills Baghdad mourners=====

汽车-炸弹 杀死 Baghdad 送丧者

Qìchē-zhàdàn shāsǐ Baghdad sòngsāngzhě

Qihche-zhahdahn shasii Baghdad sohngsangzhee
&lt;pre&gt;
Qìchē-zhàdàn shāsǐ Baghdad sòngsāngzhě
Car   bomb   kill  Baghdad mourner
&lt;/pre&gt;

A suicide car bomber kills at least 32 people in a Shia district of the Iraqi capital Baghdad, with a funeral procession caught in the blast.

Iraq 首都 Baghdad 的 Shia 地区 的 丧礼 队伍 遇上 自杀-式 汽车-炸弹，杀死 最少 32 个 人。

Iraq shǒudū Baghdad d Shia dìqū d sānglǐ duìwǔ yùshàng zìshā-shì qìchē-zhàdàn, shāsǐ zuìshǎo 32 ge rén.

Iraq shooudu Baghdad d Shia dihqu d sanglii duihwuu yuhshahng zihsha-shih qihche-zhahdahn, shasii zuihshaao 32 .ge rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad d Shia dìqū d     sānglǐ  duìwǔ      yùshàng   zìshā-shì     qìchē-zhàdàn, shāsǐ zuìshǎo  32 ge rén.
Iraq capital Baghdad's Shia district's funeral procession encounter suicide-style car   bomb,   kill  at least 32    people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-28====

=====Spain jobless passes five million=====

Spain 失业 人数 超过 5 百万

Spain shīyè rénshù chāoguò 5 bǎiwàn

Spain shiyeh rernshuh chaoguoh 5 baaiwahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Spain shīyè   rénshù           chāoguò 5 bǎiwàn
Spain jobless number of people exceed  5 million
&lt;/pre&gt;

Spain's unemployment figure rose above the five million mark in the last quarter of 2011, official figures show.

官方 数字 显示，2011 年 最后 季度，Spain 失业 数字 超越 5 百万 记录。

Guānfāng shùzì xiǎnshì, 2011 nián zuìhòu jìdù, Spain shīyè shùzì chāoyuè 5 bǎiwàn jìlù.

Guanfang shuhzih xiaanshih, 2011 niarn zuihhouh jihduh, Spain shiyeh shuhzih chaoyueh 5 baaiwahn jihluh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng shùzì  xiǎnshì, 2011 nián zuìhòu jìdù,              Spain shīyè        shùzì  chāoyuè 5 bǎiwàn  jìlù.
Official figure show,    2011 year last   quarter of a year, Spain unemployment figure exceed  5 million record.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-27====

=====Bomb attacks in Musayyib and Kirkuk kill 13=====

Musayyib 和 Kirkuk 的 炸弹 袭击 杀死 13 人

Musayyib hé Kirkuk d zhàdàn xíjī shāsǐ 13 rén

Musayyib her Kirkuk d zhahdahn xirji shasii 13 rern
&lt;pre&gt;
Musayyib hé  Kirkuk d zhàdàn xíjī   shāsǐ 13 rén
Musayyib and Kirkuk's bomb   attack kill  13 people
&lt;/pre&gt;

Thirteen people have been killed in two separate bomb attacks in Iraq, officials have said.

官方 说，Iraq 两-次 个别 的 炸弹 袭击 杀死 13 个 人。

Guānfāng shuō, Iraq liǎng-cì gèbié d zhàdàn xíjī shāsǐ 13 ge rén.

Guanfang shuo, Iraq liaang-cih gehbier d zhahdahn xirji shasii 13 .ge rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Iraq liǎng-cì gèbié d  zhàdàn xíjī   shāsǐ 13 ge rén.
Officials say,  Iraq two      separate bomb   attack kill  13    people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-26====

=====Faulty Pakistani drugs &quot;kill 70&quot;=====

有-问题 的 Pakistan 药物 “杀死 70 个 人”

Yǒu-wèntí d Pakistan yàowù &quot;shāsǐ 70 ge rén&quot;

Yoou-wehntir d Pakistan yaohwuh &quot;shasii 70 .ge rern&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Yǒu-wèntí d Pakistan yàowù &quot;shāsǐ 70 ge rén&quot;
Faulty      Pakistan drug  &quot;kill  70    people&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 70 people are believed to have died in the Pakistani city of Lahore over the past three weeks because of faulty heart drugs, officials say.

官方 说，Pakistan 城市 Lahore 在 过去 3 个 星期 因为 有-问题 的 心脏 药物，相信 最少 有 70 个 人 死亡。

Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan chéngshì Lahore zài guòqù 3 ge xīngqī yīnwèi yǒu-wèntí d xīnzàng yàowù, xiāngxìn zuìshǎo yǒu 70 ge rén sǐwáng.

Guanfang shuo, Pakistan cherngshih Lahore zaih guohquh 3 .ge xiangqi yinweih yoou-wehntir d xinzahng yaohwuh, xiangxihn zuihshaao yoou 70 ge rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan chéngshì Lahore zài guòqù 3 ge xīngqī yīnwèi  yǒu-wèntí d xīnzàng yàowù, xiāngxìn zuìshǎo  yǒu  
Officials say, Pakistan city     Lahore at  past  3    week   because faulty      heart   drug,  believe  at least have 

70 ge rén    sǐwáng.
70    people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-25====

=====Car bombs rock Baghdad Shia areas=====

汽车-炸弹 震撼 Baghdad Shia 地区

Qìchē-zhàdàn zhènhàn Baghdad Shia dìqū

Qihche-zhahdahn zhehnhahn Baghdad Shia dihqu
&lt;pre&gt;
Qìchē-zhàdàn zhènhàn Baghdad Shia dìqū
Car   bomb   to rock Baghdad Shia area
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 13 people are killed and 62 wounded in four separate car bomb attacks in Shia districts of the Iraqi capital, Baghdad.

Iraq 首都 Baghdad 的 Shia 地区 发生 4-次 个别 的 汽车-炸弹 袭击，造成 最少 13 个 人 被杀 和 62 个 受伤。

Iraq shǒudū Baghdad d Shia dìqū fāshēng 4-cì gèbié d qìchē-zhàdàn xíjī, zàochéng zuìshǎo 13 ge rén bèishā hé 62 ge shòushāng.

Iraq shooudu Baghdad d Shia dihqu fasheng 4-cih gehbier d qihche-zhahdahn xirji, zaohcherng zuihshaao 13 rern beihsha her 62 .ge shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq shǒudū  Baghdad d Shia dìqū fāshēng 4-cì gèbié d  qìchē-zhàdàn xíjī,   zàochéng zuìshǎo  13 ge rén    bèishā    hé  62 ge 
Iraq capital Baghdad's shia area happen  4    separate car   bomb   attack, cause    at least 13    people be killed and 62    

shòushāng.
be wounded.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-24====

=====Libya fighting: Four die in Gaddafi loyalists clash=====

Libya 战斗：4 个 人 在 Gaddafi 支持者 的 冲突 中 死亡

Libya zhàndòu: 4 ge rén zài Gaddafi zhīchízhě d chōngtū zhōng sǐwáng

Libya zhahndouh: 4 .ge rern zaih Gaddafi zhichirzhee d chongtu zhong siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Libya zhàndòu:  4 ge rén    zài Gaddafi zhīchízhě d chōngtū -zhōng  sǐwáng
Libya fighting: 4    people at  Gaddafi supporter   clash   -inside die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Four people have died in clashes between Libyan government forces and supporters of ex-leader Muammar Gaddafi in Bani Walid, south-east of Tripoli.

在 Tripoli 东南面的 Bani Walid，4 个 人 在 Libya 政府军 与 前-领袖 Muammar Gaddafi 支持者 的 冲突 中 死亡。

Zài Tripoli dōngnánmiàn d Bani Walid, 4 ge rén zài Libya zhèngfǔjūn yǔ qián-lǐngxiù Muammar Gaddafi zhīchízhě d chōngtū zhōng sǐwang.

Zaih Tripoli dongnarnmiahn d Bani Walid, 4 .ge rern zaih Libya zhehngfuujun yǔ qiarn-liingxiuh Muammar Gaddafi zhichirzhee d chongtu zhong siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài Tripoli dōngnánmiàn d       Bani Walid, 4 ge rén    zài Libya zhèngfǔjūn       yǔ   qián-lǐngxiù Muammar Gaddafi zhīchízhě d 
At  Tripoli southeastern side's Bani Walid, 4    people at  Libya government force with ex-leader    Muammar Gaddafi supporter   

chōngtū -zhōng  sǐwang.
clash   -inside die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-23====

=====Four French soldiers die in Afghanistan shooting=====

Afghanistan 枪击-事件，4 个 法国 士兵 死亡

Afghanistan qiāngjī-shìjiàn, 4 ge Fǎguó shìbīng sǐwáng

Afghanistan qiangji-shihjiahn, 4 .ge Faaguor shihbing siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan qiāngjī-shìjiàn,   4 ge Fǎguó  shìbīng sǐwáng
Afghanistan shooting-incident, 4    France soldier die
&lt;/pre&gt;

Four French soldiers have been killed in northern Afghanistan after a serviceman from the Afghan National Army opened fire, officials say.

官方 说，Afghanistan 北部 的 Afghanistan 国家 军人 中心 的 一个 军人 开火 杀死 4 个 法国 士兵。

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan běibù d Afghanistan Guójiā Jūnrén zhōngxīn d yīge jūnrén kāihuǒ shāsǐ 4 ge Fǎguó shìbīng.

Guanfang shuo, Afghanistan beeibuh d Afghanistan Guorjia Junrern zhongxin d yi.ge junrern kaihuoo shasii 4 .ge Faaguor shihbing.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan běibù d         Afghanistan Guójiā Jūnrén zhōngxīn d yīge jūnrén kāihuǒ    shāsǐ 4 ge Fǎguó  shìbīng.
Officials say,  Afghanistan northern part's Afghanistan Nation Army   center's   a    army   open fire kill  4    France soldier.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-22====

=====Scores dead after Nigerian blasts=====

Nigeria 爆炸 大量 死亡

Nigeria bàozhà dàliàng sǐwáng

Nigeria baohzhah dahliahng siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria bàozhà dàliàng        sǐwáng
Nigeria blast  large quantity die
&lt;/pre&gt;

A series of bombings by Nigerian Islamist militants Boko Haram kills about 150 people in the city of Kano, the group's deadliest attack to date.

Nigeria Islam 武装-派别 Boko Haram 在 Kano 城市 的 一系列 爆炸 杀死 大约 150 个 人，是 到-目前-为止 这个 派别 的 最-致命 的 袭击。

Nigeria Islam wǔzhuāng-pàibié Boko Haram zài Kano chéngshì d yīxìliè bàozhà shāsǐ dàyuē 150 ge rén, shì dào-mùqián-wéizhǐ zhège pàibié d zuì-zhìmìng d xíjī.

Nigeria Islam wuuzhuang-paihbier Boko Haram zaih Kano cherngshih d yixihlieh baohzhah shasii dahyue 150 .ge rern, shih daoh-muhqiarn-weirzhii zheh.ge paihbier d zuih-zhihmihng d xirji.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria Islam wǔzhuāng-pàibié Boko Haram zài Kano chéngshì d yīxìliè     bàozhà  shāsǐ dàyuē 150 ge rén,    
Nigeria Islam militant-group  Boko Haram at  Kano city's     a series of bombing kill  about 150    people, 

shì dào-mùqián-wéizhǐ zhège pàibié d zuì zhìmìng d xíjī.
is  up to now this group's most deadly attack.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-21====

=====Deadly blasts rock Nigeria's Kano=====

致命 的 爆炸 震撼 Nigeria 的 Kano

Zhìmíng d bàozhà zhènhàn Nigeria d Kano

Zhihmihng d baohzhah zhehnhahn Nigeria d Kano
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmíng d bàozhà zhènhàn Nigeria d Kano
Deadly    blast  to rock Nigeria's Kano
&lt;/pre&gt;

A series of co-ordinated bomb attacks targeting police offices in the northern Nigerian city of Kano leaves at least seven people dead.

Nigeria 北部 的 城市 Kano 针对 警察局 的 一系列 协同 的 炸弹 袭击，造成 最少 11 个 人 死亡。

Nigeria běibù d chéngshì Kano zhēnduì jǐngchájú d yīxìliè xiétóng d zhàdàn xíjī, zàochéng zuìshǎo 11 ge rén sǐwáng.

Nigeria beeibuh d cherngshih Kano zhenduih jiingcharjur d yixihlieh xiertorng d zhahdahn xirji, zaohcherng zuihshaao 11 .ge rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Nigeria běibù d       chéngshì Kano zhēnduì   jǐngchájú d     yīxìliè     xiétóng d    zhàdàn xíjī,   zàochéng zuìshǎo  11 ge 
Nigeria northern part city     Kano to target police office's a series of co-ordinated bomb   attack, cause    at least 11    

rén sǐwáng.
people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-20====

=====Suicide blast at Kandahar airport=====

Kandahar 飞机场 的 自杀-式 爆炸

Kandahar fēijīchǎng d zìshā-shì bàozhà

Kandahar feijichaang d zihsha-shih baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Kandahar fēijīchǎng d zìshā-shì     bàozhà
Kandahar airport      suicide-style blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least seven civilians die in a suicide attack at an airport used by international forces in the southern Afghan city of Kandahar, officials say.

官方 说，Afghanistan南部 城市 Kandahar 一个 国际 部队 使用 的 飞机场 发生 自杀-式 袭击，造成 最少 7-个 平民 死亡。

Guānfāng shuō, Afghanistan nànbù chéngshì Kandahar yīge guójì bùduì shǐyòng d fēijīchǎng fāshēng zìshā-shì xíjī, zàochéng zuìshǎo 7-ge píngmín sǐwáng.

Guanfang shuo, Afghanistan narnbuh cherngshih Kandahar yi.ge guorjih buhduih shiiyohng d feijichaang fasheng zihsha-shih xirji, zaohcherng 7-.ge pirngmirn siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Afghanistan nànbù chéngshì Kandahar yīge guójì         bùduì shǐyòng d fēijīchǎng fāshēng zìshā-shì     xíjī,   
officials say,  Afghanistan south city     Kandahar a    international troop use       airport    happen  suicide-style attack, 

zàochéng zuìshǎo  7-ge píngmín  sǐwáng.
cause    at least 7    civilian die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-19====

=====China expands microblog controls=====

中国 扩大 microblog 的 控制

Zhōngguó kuòdà microblog d kòngzhì

Zhongguor kuohdah microblog d kohngzhih
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó kuòdà  microblog d kòngzhì
China    expand microblog   control
&lt;/pre&gt;

More users of China's popular Internet microblogs are to be compelled to register with their real names before posting online, the government says.

政府 说，更多 中国 公众 Internet 用户 在 网上 发-贴子 之前 被 强制 用 真实 名字 注册。

Zhèngfǔ shuō, gèngduō Zhōngguó gōngzhòng Internet yònghù zài wǎngshàng fā-tiēzi zhīqián bèi qiángzhì yòng zhēnshí míngzì zhùcè.

Zhehngfuu shuo, gehngduo Zhongguor gongzhohng Internet yohnghuh zaih waangshahng fa-tiezi zhiqiarn beih qiarngzhih yohng zhenshir mirngzih zhuhceh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhèngfǔ    shuō, gèngduō Zhōngguó gōngzhòng Internet yònghù zài wǎngshàng fā-tiēzi    zhīqián bèi qiángzhì yòng zhēnshí míngzì 
Government say,  more    China    public    Internet user   at  online    issue-post -before  be  compel   use  real    name   

zhùcè.
register.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-18====

=====Five bodies found in cruise wreck=====

旅游轮 残骸 发现 5 个 尸体

Lǚyóulún cánhái fāxiàn 5 ge shītǐ

Lyuuyourlurn carnhaai faxiahn 5 .ge shitii
&lt;pre&gt;
Lǚyóulún    cánhái fāxiàn   5 ge shītǐ
Cruise ship wreck  discover 5    corpse
&lt;/pre&gt;

Italian rescuers have found five more bodies inside the cruise ship that ran aground on Friday, raising the confirmed death toll to 11.

Italy 的 救助者 在 星期五 搁浅 的 旅游轮 里面 多 发现 5 个 尸体，确定 的 死亡-人数 增加 到 11 人。

Italy d jiùzhùzhě zài Xīngqīwǔ gēqiǎn d lǚyóulún lǐmiàn duō fāxiàn 5 ge shītǐ, quèdìng d sǐwáng-rénshù zēngjiā dào 11 rén.

Italy d jiuhzhuhzhee zaih Xingqiwuu geqiaan d lyuuyourlurn liimiahn duo faxiahn 5 .ge shitii, quehdihng d siiwarng-rernshuh zengjia daoh 11 rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Italy d jiùzhùzhě zài Xīngqīwǔ gēqiǎn d    lǚyóulún    lǐmiàn duō  fāxiàn   5 ge shītǐ,  quèdìng d sǐwáng-rénshù           
Italy   resecuer  at Friday    run aground cruise ship inside more discover 5    corpse, confirmed death  number of people 

zēngjiā  dào 11 rén.
increase to  11 people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-17====

=====London planning Yuan trading hub=====

London 计划 成为 人民币 交易 中心

London jìhuà chéngwéi Rénmínbì jiāoyì zhōngxīn

London jihhuah cherngweir Rernmirnbih jiaoyih zhongxin
&lt;pre&gt;
London jìhuà   chéngwéi Rénmínbì jiāoyì  zhōngxīn
London to plan become   Renminbi trading center
&lt;/pre&gt;

The UK Treasury has announced plans to make London the leading international centre for trading China's currency, the Yuan, also known as the Renminbi.

英国 财政部 宣布 计划 使 London 成为 中国 货币（也 叫做 元 或者 人民币）交易 的 主要 国际 中心。

Yīngguó Cáizhèngbù xuānbù jìhuà shǐ London chéngwéi Zhōngguó huòbì (yě jiàozuò Yuán huòzhě Rénmínbì) jiāoyì d zhǔyào guójì zhōngxīn.

Yingguor Cairzhehngbuh xuanbuh jihhuah shii London cherngweir Zhongguor huohbih (yee jiaohzuoh Yuarn huohzhee Rernmirnbih) jiaoyih d zhuuyaoh guorjih zhongxin.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīngguó Cáizhèngbù xuānbù   jìhuà   shǐ     London chéngwéi Zhōngguó huòbì    (yě   jiàozuò   Yuán huòzhě Rénmínbì) 
UK      Treasury   announce to plan to make London become   China    currency (also be called Yuan or     Renminbi) 

jiāoyì d zhǔyào  guójì         zhōngxīn.
trading  leading international center.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-16====

=====Fatal blast hits Pakistan Shias=====

致命 的 爆炸 袭击 Pakistan 的 Shia

Zhìmìng d bàozhà xíjī Pakistan d Shia

Zhihmihng d baohzhah xirji Pakistan d Shia
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhìmìng d bàozhà xíjī Pakistan d Shia
Fatal     blast  hit  Pakistan   Shia
&lt;/pre&gt;

A bomb blast has killed at least 17 people at a Shia religious procession in central Pakistan, officials say.

官方 说，Pakistan 中部 一-次 针对 Shia 宗教 人群 的 炸弹 爆炸 杀死 最少 17 个 人。

Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan zhōngbù yī-cì zhēnduì Shia zōngjiào rénqún d zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo 17 ge rén.

Guanfang shuo, Pakistan zhongbuh yi-cih zhenduih Shia zongjiaoh rernqurn d zhahdahn baohzhah shasi zuihshaao 17 .ge rern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan zhōngbù         yī-cì zhēnduì Shia zōngjiào rénqún d zhàdàn bàozhà shāsǐ zuìshǎo  17 ge rén.
Officials say, Pakistan central section a     aim at  Shia religion crowd    bomb   blast  kill  at least 17    people.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-15====

=====UK diet &quot;lacking fruit and veg&quot;=====

英国 饮食 “缺少 水果 和 蔬菜”

Yīngguó yǐnshí &quot;quēshǎo shuǐguǒ hé shūcài&quot;

Yingguor yiinshir &quot;queshaao shuiiguoo her shucaih&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīngguó yǐnshí &quot;quēshǎo shuǐguǒ hé  shūcài&quot;
UK      diet   &quot;lack    fruit   and veg&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Britons are not eating enough fruit and vegetables despite nutritional advice being widely available, a study suggests.

研究 指出，虽然 营养 资讯 到处 可得到，但是 英国人 吃 得 不够 水果 和 蔬菜。

Yánjiū zhǐchū, suīrán yíngyǎng zīxùn dàochù kědédào, dànshì Yīngguórén chī de bùgòu shuǐguǒ hé shūcài.

Yarnjiu zhiichu, suirarn yirngyaang zixuhn daohchuh keederdaoh, dahnshih Yingguorrern chi de bugouh shuiiguoo her shucaih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū zhǐchū,    suīrán yíngyǎng  zīxùn       dàochù     kě-dédào, dànshì Yīngguórén chī de bùgòu      shuǐguǒ hé  shūcài.
Study  point out, though nutrition information everywhere can-get,  but    Briton     eat    not enough fruit   and vegetable.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Iraq suicide attack kills dozens=====

Iraq 自杀-式 袭击，大量 死亡

Iraq zìshā-shì xíjī, dàliàng sǐwáng

Iraq zihsha-shih xirji, dahliahng siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq zìshā-shì     xíjī,   dàliàng        sǐwáng
Irāq suicide-style attack, large quantity die
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 50 people have been killed in a suicide bomb attack on Shia pilgrims in the Iraqi city of Basra, Iraqi police and security sources say.

Iraq 警方 和 保安部 说，Iraq 城市 Basra 对 Shia 朝圣者 的 自杀-式 炸弹 袭击，最少 50 人 被杀。

Iraq jǐngfāng hé bǎo'anbù shuō, Iraq chéngshì Basra  duì Shia cháoshèngzhě d zìshā-shì zhàdàn xíjī, zuìshǎo 50 rén bèishā.

Iraq jiingfang her baao`anbuh shuo, Iraq cherngshih Basra duih Shia chaorshehngzhee d zihsha-shih zhahdahn xirji, zuihshaao 50 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq jǐngfāng hé  bǎo'anbù shuō, Iraq chéngshì Basra duì Shia cháoshèngzhě d zìshā-shì     zhàdàn xíjī,   zuìshǎo  50 rén    
Irā  police   and security say,  Iraq city     Basra for Shia pilgrim        suicide-style bomb   attack, at least 50 people 

bèishā.
be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-14====

=====US to resume full Myanmar relations=====

美国 与 Myanmar 恢复 全面 关系

Měiguó yǔ Myanmar huīfù quánmiàn guānxì

Meeiguor yuu Myanmar huifuh quarnmiahn guanxih
&lt;pre&gt;
Měiguó yǔ   Myanmar huīfù  quánmiàn guānxì
US     with Myanmar resume overall  relation
&lt;/pre&gt;

The US announces that it will exchange ambassadors with Myanmar, after a Burmese political prisoner amnesty.

在 Myanmar 大赦 政治犯 之后，美国 宣布 会 与 Myanmar 交换 大使。

Zài Myanmar dàshè zhèngzhìfàn zhīhòu, Měiguó xuānbù huì yǔ Myanmar jiāohuàn dàshǐ.

Zaih Myanmar dahsheh zhehngzhihfahn zhihouh, Meeiguor xuanbuh huih yuu Myanmar jiaohuahn dahshii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài Myanmar dàshè   zhèngzhìfàn         zhīhòu, Měiguó xuānbù   huì  yǔ   Myanmar jiāohuàn dàshǐ.
At  Myanmar amnesty political prisoner -after,  US     announce will with Myanmar exchange ambassador.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-13====

=====Afghan suicide bomb kills senior official in Kandahar=====

Afghanistan 自杀-式 炸弹 杀死 在 Kandahar 的 高级 官员

Afghanistan zìshā-shì zhàdàn shāsǐ zài Kandahar d gāojí guānyuán

Afghanistan zihsha-shih zhahdahn shasii zaih Kandahar d gaojir guanyuarn
&lt;pre&gt;
Afghanistan zìshā-shì     zhàdàn shāsǐ zài Kandahar d gāojí  guānyuán.
Afghanistan suicide-style bomb   kill  at  Kandahar   senior official.
&lt;/pre&gt;

Two of his sons and two guards were also killed in the attack.  Nine policemen and a civilian were injured.

他 的 两-个 儿子 和 两-个 保镖 也 在 这-次 袭击 被杀。9-个 警察 和 一个 平民 受伤。

Tā d liǎng-ge érzi hé liǎng-ge bǎobiāo yě zài zhè-cì xíjī bèishā.  9-ge jǐngchá hé yīge píngmín shòushāng.

Ta d liaang-.ge errzi her liaang-.ge baaobiao yee zaih zheh-cih xirji beihsha.  9-.ge jiingchar her yi.ge pirngmirn shouhshang.
&lt;pre&gt;
Tā d liǎng-ge érzi hé  liǎng-ge bǎobiāo   yě   zài zhè-cì xíjī   bèishā.     9-ge jǐngchá   hé  yīge píngmín  shòushāng.
His  2        son  and 2        bodyguard also at  this   attach be killed.  9    policeman and a    civilian be injured.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-12====

=====UK university to open campus in Thailand=====

英国 大学 在 泰国 开 分校

Yīngguó dàxuè zài Tàiguó kāi fēnxiào

Yingguor dahxuer zaih Taihguor kai fenxiaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīngguó dàxué      zài Tàiguó   kāi  fēnxiào
UK      university at  Thailand open branch
&lt;/pre&gt;

The University of Central Lancashire is to open a campus in Bangkok - in what is claimed as the first such UK branch university to be established in Thailand.

Central Lancashire 大学 在 Bangkok 开 分校 - 声称 在 泰国 建立 的 第一-家 英国 大学 分校。

Central Lancashire Daxue zài Bangkok kāi fēnxiào - shēngchēng zài Tàiguó jiànlì d dīyī-jiā Yīngguó dàxué fēnxiào.

Central Lancashire Dahxuer zaih Bangkok kai fenxiaoh - shengcheng zaih Taihguor jiahnlih d diyi-jia Yingguor dahxuer fenxiaoh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Central Lancashire Daxue      zài Bangkok kāi  fēnxiào - shēngchēng zài Tàiguó   jiànlì d  dīyī-jiā Yīngguó dàxué      fēnxiào.
Central Lancashire University at  Bangkok open branch -  claim      at  Thailand establish first    UK      University branch.
&lt;/pre&gt;

Degrees will be taught in English and validated by the UK university.

学位 以 英语 教学 和 被 英国 的 大学 承认。

Xuéwèi yǐ Yīngyǔ jiāoxué hé bèi Yīngguó d dàxué chéngrèn.

Xuerweih yii Yingyuu jiaoxuer her beih Yingguor d dahxuer cherngrern.
&lt;pre&gt;
Xuéwèi yǐ Yīngyǔ   jiāoxué hé  bèi Yīngguó d dàxué      chéngrèn.
Degree use English teach   and be  UK's      university validate.
&lt;/pre&gt;

It follows a path set by the University of Nottingham which set up a branch university in China.

它 跟随 Nottingham 大学 在 中国 建立 大学 分校。

Tā gēnsuí Nottingham Dàxué zài Zhōngguó jiànlì dàxué fēnxiào.

Ta gensuir Nottingham Dahxuer zaih Zhongguor jiahnlih dahxuer fenxiaoh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Tā gēnsuí Nottingham Dàxué      zài Zhōngguó jiànlì dàxué      fēnxiào.
It follow Nottingham University at  China    set up university branch.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Iran car explosion kills nuclear scientist in Tehran=====

Iran 汽车 爆炸 杀死 在 Tehran 的 核子 科学家

Iran qìchē bàozhà shāsǐ zài Tehran d hézǐ kēxuéjiā

Iran qihche baohzhah shasii zaih Tehran d herzii kexuerjia
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran qìchē bàozhà    shāsǐ zài Tehran d hézǐ    kēxuéjiā
Iran car   explotion kill  at  Thhran's nucleon scientist
&lt;/pre&gt;

A university lecturer and nuclear scientist has been killed in a car explosion in north Tehran.

在 Tehran 北部，一个 大学 讲师 兼 科学家 在 一-部 汽车 里面 被 炸死。

Zài Tehran běibù, Yīge dàxué jiǎngshī jiān kēxuéjiā zài yī-bù qìchē lǐmiàn bèi zhàsǐ.

Zaih Tehran beeibuh, yi.ge dahxuer jiaangshi jian kexuerjia zaih yi-buh qihche liimiahn beih zhahsii.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài Tehran běibù, yīge dàxué     jiǎngshī jiān         kēxuéjiā  zài yī-bù qìchē lǐmiàn bèi zhàsǐ.
At  Tehran north, a    universit lecturer concurrently scientist at  a     car   inside be  kill by explosion.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-11====

=====Deadly blast at Pakistan bus stop=====

Pakistan 巴士站 发生 致命的 爆炸

Pakistan bāshìzhàn fāshēng zhìmìngd bàozhà

Pakistan bashihzhahn fasheng zhihmihngd baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Pakistan bāshìzhàn fāshēng zhìmìngd bàozhà
Pakistan bus stop  happen  deadly   blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 30 people are killed after a bomb explosion at a bus terminal in the Khyber tribal region of north-west Pakistan, officials say.

官方 说，Pakistan 西北部 Khyber 部落 地区 的 一个 巴士 总站 发生 炸弹 爆炸，导致 最少 30 人 死亡。

Guānfāng shuō, Pakistan xīběibù Khyber bùluò dìqū d yīge bāshì zǒngzhàn fāshēng zhàdàn bàozhà, dǎozhì zuìshǎo 30 rén sǐwáng.

Guanfang shuo, Pakistan xibeeibuh Khyber buhluoh dihqu d yi.ge bashih zoongzhahn fasheng zhahdahn baohzhah, daaozhih zuihshaao 30 rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, Pakistan xīběibù   Khyber bùluò dìqū d   yīge bāshì zǒngzhàn fāshēng zhàdàn bàozhà,    
Officials say,  Pakistan northwest Khyber tribe region's a    bus   terminal happan  bomb   explosion, 

dǎozhì zuìshǎo  30 rén sǐwáng.
cause  at least 30 people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-10====

=====Abducted Pakistan soldiers found shot dead=====

被 劫持 的 Pakistan 士兵 被 射杀

Bèi jiéchí d Pakistan shìbīng bèi shèshā

Beih jierchir d Pakistan shihbihng beih shehsha
&lt;pre&gt;
Bèi jiéchí d Pakistan shìbīng fāxiàn bèi shèshā
Be  abduct   Pakistan soldier find   be  kill by shooting
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 10 soldiers have been found shot dead in a tribal area of north-west Pakistan, officials say.

官方 说，在 Pakistan 西北部 的 部落 地区 发现 最少 10 个 士兵 被 射杀。

Guānfāng shuō, zài Pakistan xībèibù d bùluò dìqū fāxiàn zuìshǎo 10 ge shìbīng bèi shèshā.

Guanfang shuo, zaih Pakistan xibeeibuh d buhluoh dihqu faxiahn zuihshaao 10 .ge shihbihng beih shehsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zài Pakistan xībèibù d bùluò dìqū fāxiàn zuìshǎo  10 ge shìbīng  bèi shèshā.
Officials say,  at  Pakistan northwest tribe area find   at least 10    soldiers be  kill by shooting.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-09====

=====Brain function declines from 45=====

脑 功能 从 45 岁 开始 退化

Nǎo gōngnéng cóng 45 suì kāishǐ tuìhuà

Naao gongnerng corng 45 suih kaishii tuihhuah
&lt;pre&gt;
Nǎo   gōngnéng cóng 45 suì         kāishǐ tuìhuà
Brain function from 45 year of age begin  decline
&lt;/pre&gt;

The brain's ability to function can start to deteriorate as early as 45, suggests a study in the British Medical Journal.

英国 医学 杂志 的 研究 指出，脑 的 工作 能力 可以 早 在 45 岁 开始 退化。

Yīngguó Yīxué Zázhì d yánjiū zhīchū, nǎo d gōngzuò nénglì kěyǐ zǎo zài 45 suì kāishǐ tuìhuà.

Yingguor Yixuer Zarshih d yarnjiu zhiichu, naao d gongzuoh nernglih keeyii zaao zaih 45 suih kaishii tuihhuah.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yīngguó Yīxué           Zázhì d    yánjiū zhīchū,    nǎo d   gōngzuò  nénglì  kěyǐ zǎo zài     45 suì         kāishǐ tuìhuà.
Britain medical science magazine's study  point out, brain's function ability may  as early as 45 year of age start  degenerate.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-08====

=====Eleven dead in NZ balloon crash=====

New Zealand 热气球 坠毁，11 人 死亡

New Zealand rèqìqiú zhuìhuǐ, 11 rén sǐwáng

New Zealand rehqihqiur zhuihhuii, 11 rern siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
New Zealand rèqìqiú         zhuìhuǐ, 11 rén    sǐwáng
New Zealand hot-air balloon crash,   11 people die
&lt;/pre&gt;

A hot-air balloon bursts into flames and crashes after hitting a power line in New Zealand, killing all 11 people on board.

New Zealand 一个 热气球 碰到 一-条 电力线 之后 迅速地 着火 坠毁，在 热气球 上 的 11 个 人 全部 死亡。

New Zealand yīge réqìqiú pèngdào yī-tiáo diànlìxiàn zhīhòu xùnsùdy zháohuǒ zhuìhuǐ, zài réqìqiú shang d 11 ge rén quánbù sǐwáng.

New Zealand yi.ge rehqihqiur pehngdaoh yi-tiaor diahnlihxiahn zhihouh xuhnsuhdy zhuihhuii, zaih rehqihqiur shang d 11 .ge rern quarnbuh siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
New Zealand yīge réqìqiú        pèngdào yī-tiáo diànlìxiàn  zhīhòu xùnsùdy zháohuǒ    zhuìhuǐ, 
New Zealand a    hot-air ballon hit     a       power line -after  rapidly be on fire crash,   

zài réqìqiú         shang d 11 ge rén    quánbù sǐwáng.
at  hot-air ballon -on      11    people all    die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-07====

=====&quot;Garbage bomb&quot; kills six Afghan children in Tarin Kowt=====

在 Tarin Kowt，“垃圾炸弹” 杀死 6 个 Afghanistan 儿童

Zài Tarin Kowt, &quot;lājī zhàdàn&quot; shāsǐ 6 ge Afghanistan értóng

Zaih Tarin Kowt, &quot;laji zhahdahn&quot; shasii 6 .ge Afghanistan errtorng
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài Tarin Kowt, &quot;lājī zhàdàn&quot;  shāsǐ 6 ge Afghanistan értóng
At  Tarin Kowt, &quot;rubbish bomb&quot; kill  6    Afghanistan child
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least six children and a man were killed when a bomb hidden in rubbish went off in the Afghan province of Uruzgan, officials say.

官方 说，在 Afghanistan 的 Uruzgan省，一个 隐藏 在 垃圾 里面 的 炸弹 爆炸，最少 6 个 儿童 和 一个 男人 被杀。

Guānfāng shuō, zài Afghanistan d Uruzgan Shěng, yīge yǐncáng zài lājī lǐmiàn d zhàdàn bàozhà, zuìshǎo 6 ge értóng hé yīge nánrén bèishā.

Guanfang shuo, zaih Afghanistan d Uruzgan Sheeng, yi.ge yiincarng zaih laji liimiahn d zhahdahn baohzhah, zuihshaao 6 .ge errtorng her yi.ge narnrern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng  shuō, zài Afghanistan d Uruzgan Shěng,    yīge yǐncáng zài lājī    lǐmiàn d zhàdàn bàozhà,  
Officials say,  at  Afghanistan's Uruzgan Province, a    hide    at  rubbish inside   bomb   explode, 

zuìshǎo  6 ge értóng hé  yīge nánrén bèishā.
at least 6    child  and a    man    be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-06====

=====Iraq: Bombings in Baghdad and Nasiriya kill scores=====

Iraq：Baghdad 和 Nasiriya 的 炸弹 爆炸 造成 大量 死亡

Iraq: Baghdad hé Nasiriya d zhàdàn bàozhà zàochéng dàliàng sǐwáng

Iraq: Baghdad her Nasiriya d zhahdahn baohzhah zaohcherng dahliahng siiwarng
&lt;pre&gt;
Iraq: Baghdad hé  Nasiriya d zhàdàn bàozhà    zàochéng dàliàngd       sǐwáng
Iraq: Baghdae and Nasiriya's bomb   explosion cause    a great lot of death
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 72 people have been killed in bomb attacks targeting Shia Muslims in southern Iraq and the capital Baghdad.

在 Iraq 南部 和 首都 Baghdad 的 针对 Shia Muslim 的 炸弹 袭击，导致 至少 72 个 人 被杀。

Zài Iraq nánbù hé shǒudū Baghdad d zhēnduì Shia Muslim d zhàdàn xíjī, dǎozhì zhìshǎo 72 gè rén bèishā.

Zaih Iraq narnbuh her shooudu Baghdad d zhenduih Shia Muslim d zhahdahn xirji, daaozhih zhihshaao 72 rern beihsha.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zài Iraq nánbù         hé  shǒudū  Baghdad d zhēnduì Shia Muslim d zhàdàn xíjī,   dǎozhì zhìshǎo  72 gè rén    bèishā.
At  Iraq southern part and capital Baghdad's target  Shia Muslim's bomb   attach, casue  at least 72    people be killed.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-05====

=====Baghdad hit by deadly bomb blasts=====

Baghdad 致命的 炸弹 爆炸

Baghdad zhìmìngd zhàdàn bàozhà

Baghdad zhihmihngd zhahdahn baohzhah
&lt;pre&gt;
Baghdad zhìmìngd zhàdàn bàozhà
Baghdad deadly   bomb   blast
&lt;/pre&gt;

At least 24 people have died after explosions in Shia areas of Baghdad, according to Iraq's Interior Ministry.

根据 Iraq 内政部 说，Baghdad Shia 地区 爆炸 之后，最少 24 个 人 死亡。

Gēnjù Iraq Nèizhèngbù shuō, Baghdad Shia dìqū bàozhà zhīhòu, zuìshǎo 24 ge rén sǐwáng.

Genjuh Iraq Neihzhehngbuh shuo, Baghdad Shia dihqu baohzhah zhihouh, zuihshaao 24 .ge rern siiwarng.
&lt;pre&gt;
Gēnjù     Iraq Nèizhèngbù        shuō, Baghdad Shia dìqū bàozhà    zhīhòu, zuìshǎo  24 ge rén    sǐwáng.
According Iraq Interior Ministry say,  Baghdad Shia area explosion after,  at least 24    people die.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Iran threatens to block Strait of Hormuz oil route=====

Iran 威胁 封锁 Hormuz 海峡 石油 通道

Iran wēixié fēngsuǒ Hormuz Hǎixiá shíyóu tōngdào

Iran weixier fengsuoo Hormuz Haaixiar shiryour tongdaoh
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran wēixié   fēngsuǒ  Hormuz Hǎixiá shíyóu    tōngdào
Iran threaten to block Hormuz Strait petroleum passage
&lt;/pre&gt;

Iran says it may close a vital oil-trade route if the West imposes more sanctions over its controversial nuclear programme.

Iran 说 它 可能 关闭 一-条 重要的 石油-贸易 通道，如果 西方 强加 更多的 关于 它的 有争议的 核计划 的 制裁。

Iran shuō tā kěnéng guānbì yī-tiáo zhòngyàod shíyóu-màoyì tōngdào, rúguǒ Xīfāng qiángjiā gèngduōd guānyú tād yǒuzhēngyìd héjìhuà d zhìcái.

Iran shuo ta keenerng guanbih yi-tiaor zhohngyaohd shiryour-maohyih tongdaoh, rurguoo Xifang qiarngjia gehngduod guanyur tad yoouzhengyihd herjihhuah d zhihcair.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran shuō tā kěnéng guānbì yī-tiáo zhòngyàod shíyóu-màoyì tōngdào, 
Iran say  it may    close  a       vital     oil-trade    passage, 

rúguǒ Xīfāng qiángjiā gèngduōd guānyú tād yǒuzhēngyìd   héjìhuà d      zhìcái.
if    West   impose   more     about  its controversial nuclear plan's sanction.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-04====

=====China protest at Japan landed Diaoyutai=====

中国 抗议 日本 登陆 钓鱼台

Zhōngguó kàngyì Rìběn dēnglù Diàoyútái

Zhongguor kahngyih Rihbeen dengluh Diaohyurtair
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó kàngyì   Rìběn dēnglù  Diàoyútái
China    prostest Japan to land Diaoyutai
&lt;/pre&gt;

China says it has lodged an official protest after several Japanese politicians landed Diaoyutai Islands in the East China Sea.

在 几-个 日本 政客 登陆 东海 的 钓鱼台 群岛 之后，中国 已经 发出了 正式的 抗议。

Zai jǐ-.ge Rìběn zhèngkè dēnglù Dōnghǎi d Diàoyútái Qúndǎo zhīhòu, Zhōngguó yǐjīng fāchūle zhèngshìd kàngyì.

Zaih jii-ge Rihbeen zhehngkeh dengluh Donghaai d Diaohyurtair Qurndaao zhihouh, Zhongguor yiijing fachule zhehngshihd kahngyih.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zai jǐ-ge   Rìběn zhèngkè    dēnglùle Dōnghǎi d      Diàoyútái Qúndǎo   zhīhòu, Zhōngguó yǐjīng  fāchūle zhèngshìd kàngyì.
At  several Japan politician landed   East China Sea Diàoyútái Islands -after,  China    already issued  official  protest.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-03====

=====China unrest over mosque demolition in Ningxia=====

中国 宁夏 由于 拆毁 清真寺 引起 动乱

Zhōngguó Níngxià yóuyú chāihuǐ qīngzhēnsì yǐnqǐ dòngluàn

Zhongguor Nirngxiah youryur chaihuii qingzhensih yiinqii dohngluahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó Níngxià yóuyú   chāihuǐ  qīngzhēnsì yǐnqǐ dòngluàn
China    Ningxia because demolish mosque     cause unrest
&lt;/pre&gt;

Reports from the Ningxia region of northern China say hundreds of Muslim villagers have fought with riot police who tore down a mosque.

来自 中国 北部 宁夏 地区 的 报道 说，几百 个 Muslim 村民 与 拆毁 清真寺 的 防暴警察 打斗。

Láizì Zhōngguó běibù Níngxià dìqù d bàodào shuō, jǐbǎi ge Muslim cūnmín yǔ chāihuǐ qīngzhēnsì d fángbàojǐngchá dǎdòu.

Lairzih Zhongguor beeibuh Nirngxiah dihqu d baohdaoh shuo, jiibaai .ge Muslim cunmirn yuu chaihuii qingzhensih d farngbaohjiingchar daadouh.
&lt;pre&gt;
Láizì Zhōngguó běibù Níngxià dìqù d bàodào shuō, jǐbǎi ge Muslim cūnmín   yǔ   chāihuǐ   qīngzhēnsì d fángbàojǐngchá dǎdòu.
From  China    north Ningxia region report say,  hundreds Muslim villager with tear down mosque       riot police    fight.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Iran test-fires more missiles in Gulf exercises=====

Iran 在 Persian Gulf 的 演习 试射 更多 导弹

Iran zài Persian Gulf d yǎnxí shìshè gèngduō dǎodàn

Iran zaih Persian Gulf d yaanxir shihsheh gehngduo daaodahn
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran zài Persian Gulf d yǎnxí    shìshè    gèngduō dǎodàn
Iran at  Persian Gulf's exercise test-fire more    missile
&lt;/pre&gt;

Iran says it has successfully test-fired three more missiles on the final day of naval exercises in the Gulf.

Iran 说 它 在 Persian Gulf 的 最后 一天 海军 演习 成功地 试射了 更多的 3-支 导弹。

Iran shuō tā zài Persian Gulf d zuìhòu yītiān hǎijūn yǎnxí chénggōngdy shìshèle gèngduōd 3-zhī dǎodàn.

Iran shuo ta zaih Persian Gulf d zuihhouh yitian haaijun yaanxir chernggongdy shihshehle gehngduod 3-zhi daaodahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran shuō tā zài Persian Gulf d zuìhòu yītiān  hǎijūn yǎnxí             chénggōngdy  shìshèle   gèngduōd 3-zhī dǎodàn.
Iran say  it at  Persian Gulf's final  one day navy   military practice successfully test-fired more     3     missile.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-02====

=====Iran &quot;test-fires medium-range missile&quot; in Gulf=====

Iran 在 Persian Gulf “试射 中程-导弹”

Iran zài Persian Gulf &quot;shìshè zhōngchéng-dǎodàn&quot;

Iran zaih Persian Gulf &quot;shihsheh zhongcherng-daaodahn&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Iran zài Persian Gulf &quot;shìshè    zhōngchéng-dǎodàn&quot;
Iran at  Persian Gulf &quot;test-fire medium-range missile&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Iran has successfully test-fired a medium-range surface-to-air missile during military exercises in the Gulf, the official IRNA news agency reports.

官方 IRNA 通讯社 报道，Iran 在 Persian Gulf 的 军事演习 期间，成功地 试射了 一个 中程-地对空-导弹。

Guānfāng IRNA tōngxùnshè bàodào, Iran zài Persian Gulf d jūnshìyǎnxí qījiān, chénggōngdy shìshèle yīge zhōngchéng-dìduìkong-dǎodàn.

Guanfang IRNA tongxuhnsheh baohdaoh, Iran zaih Persian Gulf d junshihyaanxir qijian, chernggongdy shihshehle yi.ge zhongcherng-dihduihkong-daaodahn.
&lt;pre&gt;
Guānfāng IRNA tōngxùnshè  bàodào, Iran zài Persian Gulf d jūnshìyǎnxí         qījiān, 
Official IRNA news agency report, Iran at  Persian Gulf's military exercise   period, 

chénggōngdy  shìshèle   yīge zhōngchéng-dìduìkong-dǎodàn.
successfully test-fired a    medium-range surface-to-air missile.
&lt;/pre&gt;

====2012-01-01====

=====Diet &quot;can stop brain shrinking&quot;=====

健康 饮食 “能够 防止 脑 萎缩”

Jiànkāng yǐnshí &quot;nénggòu fángzhǐ nǎo wěisuō&quot;

Jiahnkang yiinshir &quot;nernggouh farngzhii naao weeisuo&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Jiànkāng yǐnshí &quot;nénggòu fángzhǐ nǎo   wěisuō&quot;
Healthy  diet   &quot;can     prevent brain shrinking&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

A diet rich in vitamins and fish may protect the brain from ageing while junk food has the opposite effect, research suggests.

研究 报告 建议，含有 丰富 vitamin 和 鱼类 的 饮食 可以 防止 脑 的 老化，而 垃圾 食物 有 相反的 效果。

Yánjiū bàogào jiànyì, hányǒu fēngfù vitamin hé yúlèi d yǐnshí kěyǐ fángzhǐ nǎo d lǎohuà, ér lājī shíwù yǒu xiāngfǎnd xiàoguǒ.

Yarnjiu baohgaoh jiahnyih, harnyoou fengfuh vitamin her yurleih d yiinshir keeyii farngzhii naao d laaohuah, err laji shirwuh yoou xiangfaand xiaohguoo.
&lt;pre&gt;
Yánjiū bàogào   jiànyì,  hányǒu  fēngfù wéitāmìng hé  yúlèi d yǐnshí kěyǐ fángzhǐ nǎo d   lǎohuà, 
Research report suggest, contain rich   vitamin   and fish's  diet   may  prevent brain's aging,  

ér  lājī    shíwù yǒu  xiāngfǎnd xiàoguǒ.
and rubbish food  have opposite effect.
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====Chinese heritage &quot;disappearing&quot;=====

中国的 文化遗产 “在 消失中”

Zhōngguód wénhuàyíchǎn &quot;zài xiāoshīzhōng&quot;

Zhongguord wernhuahyirchaan &quot;zaih xiaoshizhong&quot;
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguód wénhuàyíchǎn      &quot;zài xiāoshīzhōng&quot;
Chinese   cultural heritage &quot;at  disappearing&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

China says about 44,000 ancient ruins, temples and cultural sites have disappeared, after its first heritage census for 20 years.

中国 说，在 首次的 20-年 文化遗产 普查 之后，大约 44,000 古代的 遗址、庙宇 和 文化古迹 消失了。

Zhōngguó shuō, zài shǒucìd 20-nián wénhuàyíchǎn pǔchá zhīhòu, dàyuè 44,000 gǔdàid yízhǐ, miàoyǔ hé wénhuàgǔjì xiāoshīle.

Zhongguor shuo, zaih shooucihd 20-niarn wernhuahyirchaan puuchar zhihouh, dahyue 44,000 guudaihd yirzhii, miaohyuu her wernhuahguujih xiaoshile.
&lt;pre&gt;
Zhōngguó shuō, zài shǒucìd    20-nián wénhuàyíchǎn      pǔchá           zhīhòu, 
China    say,  at  first-time 20-year cultural heritage general survey -after,  

dàyuè 44,000 gǔdàid  yízhǐ, miàoyǔ hé  wénhuàgǔjì    xiāoshīle.
about 44,000 ancient ruins, temple and cultural site disappeared.
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{BookCat}}
[[Category:Pinyin/Journalism]]</text>
      <sha1>any7ywuqhkzecu0j6aeg66z2z8jng6f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Seed Factories/Starter Set</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>289158</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088472</id>
      <parentid>4088223</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T10:57:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Danielravennest</username>
        <id>13526</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Three progressive to List C/Dowel Jig</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="136978" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:left;font-size:100%;background:#d0f0f0;line-height:2.5em; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;Section 5.5 - Starter and Expansion Sets&lt;/span&gt;}}


&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;nonumtoc&quot;&gt;{{TOCright}}&lt;/div&gt;

&amp;emsp;The goal of the personal production example is supplying a range of basic products for a community of owner-operators.  They do this as individuals or through joint effort for larger tasks.  Product types include furniture, home improvements, food, and utilities.  They start with smaller and simpler items and work up to bigger projects.  We assume they start with limited funds, time, equipment, and experience.  So part of the effort is improving themselves as people to overcome these limits.  

&amp;emsp;A community project may start with as little as one person's part-time effort and no equipment or skills.  So we describe a range of starter sets from very minimal to more substantial, with suggestions on use and gaining skills.  Project owners can then select their starting points based on their available people and resources.  We then include several expansion sets for projects growing beyond these starting points.


==&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;1.0 - Necessary Inputs&lt;/span&gt;==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;We can consider a starter set as a product.  It must first be assembled and set up before it can be used to make improvements for itself, and end products for the owners and others.  Like any functional system, it requires inputs and emits outputs of various kinds.  These include:


* '''Time''' - from one or more people to make plans, look for and acquire needed items, operate equipment, train others, or learn skills as needed.
* '''Supply sources''' - for parts, materials, tools, machines, training materials, plans, and instructions.
* '''Money''' - for items which can't be made internally, or for outside labor that project members can't supply.
* '''Sheltered Space''' - to store and use the equipment.  Even outdoor equipment should be protected when not in use.
* '''Energy''' - such as electric power or human muscles, to make, set up, and operate the equipment.
* '''Maintenance Items''' - like water, cleaning supplies, and waste disposal during and after operations.


&amp;emsp;We suggest starting by assessing which of these you have and which are lacking.  The next step is to make a plan for getting enough of the inputs to get started, and how you will continue from there.  For example, if you don't have all the basic tools from List 1 (below), you can make a shopping list of the missing items, then either buy them, start saving to buy them, or find a makerspace/hackerspace, community group, or neighbor that allows you to use them.

&amp;emsp;In modern society, money can commonly be traded for most other things people need and want.  If lack of money is an obstacle, there are a couple of ways around that.  One is to cut expenses, such as eating out less or sharing living space.  The other is to increase income, such as doing basic jobs for other people in addition to current work, or upgrading your knowledge and skills so you can find better work.  Reaching a goal may seem like a big challenge.  Breaking it down into smaller steps, then taking them one at a time is more manageable.  But you have to take the first step to get anywhere.


==&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;2.0 - Starter Set Lists&lt;/span&gt;==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Tool_use_by_animals|Some species]]''' besides ours use tools.  We are unique in the variety and complexity of our tools, and that we use tools to make other tools.  So which of the many options should be included in a starter set?  The answer for a particular project and self-improvement path will vary.  

&amp;emsp;The lists below are provided as a starting point for consideration and selection.  '''&lt;u&gt;You don't need every item to start making things&lt;/u&gt;'''.  But the more of them you have, the more kinds of projects you can do.  The lists also don't cover every possible project.  They are starter sets to build on, not complete lists of every possible tool.  Additional items may be needed for particular projects.  For large and complex projects you may need multiples of each item, either different sizes and types, or for multiple people to use.  For example, a saying in woodworking is &quot;you can never have too many clamps&quot;.

'''[NOTE:]''' Some of these lists or portions of them will later be moved to other chapters.  They are currently here for ease of editing.

&amp;emsp;The lists were compiled from 18 existing tool and equipment lists.  The intent is a sampling from a wide variety of sources which are then sorted to form starter and expansion sets for the various examples in these books.  The source lists are from several makerspaces, a tool bank (who lend out tools to nonprofit projects), a book on rural workshops, the phased equipment list for the Seed Factory Project, a pamphlet from manufacturer Porter Tools, a course on &quot;manual arts&quot; (later called &quot;shop class&quot; in schools), the author's personal tool list, a contributed list to these books, recommended tool brands from an online forum, a woodworking list from a YouTube channel, and a study of small industry in India.  For now, some items are on this page, but will be moved later to other examples than personal production.

[[File:Personal Production Starter Set Path.png|thumb|right|1280x720px|Figure 5.5-1 - Suggested tool set paths for different types of projects.]]
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;'''List Types''' - There are basic tools that have proved useful in many circumstances, from general home use to industrial production.  Others are more specialized for specific tasks.  For example, an axe is useful in dealing with trees, but useless for cutting steel reinforcement for concrete.  So lists 1 and 2 below are the basic sets for general home use and simple home improvement projects.  This is followed by expansion sets for more advanced and specialized projects.  The lists are additive, meaning you should start with the basic ones, then add to them from the later lists as needed.  Figure 5.5-1 shows a suggested path from the basic sets to more advanced ones.   They are grouped into small indoor, large indoor, outdoor, and construction.  The last of these produces more indoor space.  Depending on the needs and interests of the personal production community, they can get items from any or all of these lists, and go beyond them.

&amp;emsp;Tools and machines can be classified according to size, power level, and cost.  The general groups are (1) manual hand tools, (2) portable power tools, (3) stationary equipment, either powered or not, and (4) mobile equipment that is towed or can move itself.  Cost and space needed tend to increase with each group.  The lists are generally in order from the smaller, less expensive, and most needed first, but some items are needed together to complete a task.  An example is drill bits for an electric drill.  We try to note when that is the case.

&amp;emsp;To go beyond these lists, you will need to know what projects and products you want to make, and the methods and equipment needed for them.  Many instructional books and articles have explicit lists of the equipment needed.  Others implicitly identify useful tools by discussing their use.  Tool and supply catalogs, and the tool sections of general online marketplaces can also be reviewed to identify candidate items.


&amp;emsp;'''Choosing Equipment''' - A given tool type, like a claw hammer, can be found in many versions with different quality, weight, intended usage, and cost.  So the first thing is to understand what you will be using it for.  Is it occasionally hanging pictures, or working full time as a carpenter?  Larger and heavier tools can work with heavier materials, but can require more body strength and endurance to use.  Smaller and lighter tools can be more precise, and used in tight spaces.  So it can be useful to have several versions of a given type.

&amp;emsp;Cost is often a factor.  You can get started with less expensive but adequate ones, and upgrade later.  However very cheap tools may break or wear out quickly, and not be able to handle whatever you are working on.  For personal production on a regular basis they should be hobbyist or professional grade rather than lowest grade.  Used tools are typically less expensive, and often are perfectly fine for this type of use.  Recognizing tool quality is an learned skill, as is knowing what grade you need for a given purpose.  You may want to get recommendations from more experienced people, books, articles, instructional videos, online reviews, and discussion forums if you are new to it.  


&amp;emsp;'''Supplies, Parts, and Materials''' - To complete a project you need more than just equipment like tools and machines.  Those are not generally used up in a single project.  But some supplies, like sandpaper, wear out with use.  Others, like paint, end up as part of the finished item.  If you are merely tightening something that has come loose, or are assembling a packaged kit that comes with everything needed, you may not need any added parts and materials.  But most projects will need materials like lumber, and parts like screws, that end up in the finished item.  

&amp;emsp;There is such a wide variety of these items that we cannot list them all.  Instead we will note categories of supplies, parts, and materials as part of the lists below.  Instructional and reference sources have more specific information on what is needed.  Published project plans will often include a detailed materials and parts list.  When starting a custom project you can develop a list as you plan it.  Then you can look at what you already have, and identify what else is needed to complete it.

&amp;emsp;Shopping for every small project takes time, and buying in quantity can be less expensive.  So it can be helpful to keep some supplies, parts, and materials on hand.  These can be leftovers from previous projects, packaged hardware assortments, or accumulated from second-hand sources.  We will try to indicate what is helpful to stock as a starting point, but suggest getting other items as needed for particular projects.  There are many types of these items, so some way to keep them organized is useful.  This can be '''[[w:Organizer_box|Organizer Boxes]]''' with compartments and drawers, empty jars and cans, or sometimes the box they came in.

&amp;emsp;In addition to purchased inventory, you can reuse items you already have but don't need, like old furniture, and items from your property like fallen or cut tree branches.  Free and cheap outside sources can be found almost anywhere.  Particularly good ones include scrap and wrecking yards, leftovers and removals from construction and renovation projects, and business trash.  Always ask permission when scavenging from private property.  You can also offer to clean up/remove/move items for people.  For example, someone may have fallen tree branches which you can get free for the asking, or even get paid for removing them.  Discarded or second-hand furniture can be used as work tables or storage, or as a source of lumber.   


&amp;emsp;'''Making and Improving Your Own Items''' - The basic idea in these books is self-improvement.  So if finances are more limited than time, or simply because you enjoy it, you can make or improve your own equipment.  This lets you customize them to better fit your needs.  For example, a workbench can be fit to your body size, what you are working on, and the available work space.  A basic table saw consists of a motor, and an adjustable blade emerging from a cutting surface.  But you can add different blades to suit the material, assorted guides for moving what you are cutting, and extension tables for managing larger pieces.  To make or upgrade equipment requires already having some to work with, or access to other people's.  However making everything from basic materials will take much longer than buying.  So project members should consider what to make vs buying already functional items.    

&amp;emsp;Simple self-made woodworking projects include saw benches and saw horses, a stationary workbench, bench hook, miter box, and wooden mallets.  A blacksmith can make many of their own tools, including a forge, chisels, hammers, punches, drifts, and fullers.  A skilled one can make tongs, specialized hammers, hardies, flatters, and swages.  Combining wood and iron work can produce cutting tools like axes and chisels, planes, drawknives, spokeshaves, claw hammers, and screwdrivers.  '''[[w:David_J._Gingery|David Gingery]]''' even wrote a book series on how to build metalworking machines from scrap.  At a more advanced level, a well-equipped machine shop can make most of the parts for another machine shop. 


&amp;emsp;'''Ready-Made Equipment''' - Places to find new tools include home improvement and hardware stores, online marketplaces, industrial suppliers, and direct from the manufacturers.  Used tools can be found online on trading sites like '''[[w:EBay|eBbay]]''' or '''[[w:Craigslist|craigslist]]''', or locally in the for-sale sections of social media.  Pawn shops, flea markets, estate and garage sales are good sources for used tools.  If you join a community of hobbyists or a '''[[w:Hackerspace|Makerspace]]''', you may find people who are upgrading or changed interests and are selling off/giving away items.  You can sometimes borrow or rent tools, or use ones at community arts centers.  A dedicated space for your own or group projects is less constrained by time and access, and has better control over tool selection and care.


&amp;emsp;'''Learning to Use Them''' - There are plenty of sources of information beyond what is in these books.  Other books, both paper and digital, are a primary source.  The '''[https://archive.org/details/texts?tab=collection Internet Archive]''' has a vast collection of digitized books.  Local libraries either have paper books, can borrow them from other libraries through inter-library loan, or have digital copies you can borrow.  You can of course buy new and used books online and in bookstores.  Hobbyist magazines and other publications are useful both for project information and specialty equipment sources.  

&amp;emsp;Formal classes are taught at community centers and trade schools.  Informal ones can be found among hobbyist groups, stores that sell the relevant items, and at makerspaces where you can observe and try things.  You can find local community projects, hobbyists, or professionals and offer to help or work for them, and learn while doing.  Video tutorials and online forums on specific subjects have also become quite helpful in recent years.


==&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;3.0 - Basic Sets&lt;/span&gt;==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Before starting to use any kinds of tools and equipment, you should know how to use them safely and properly, and be protected from injury.  So have the following items available, and get some safety training if needed:


&amp;emsp;'''Reference Material''' - At least one reference book on basic tool use to start with.  Add additional books, videos, training classes, etc. as needed.  There are many basic books available, but '''[http://everyspec.com/USN/NAVEDTRA/NAVEDTRA_14256_JUN1992_18379/ Tools and Their Uses, US Navy, 1992]''' is public domain and downloadable.  Both paper and e-books can be used where you are working.  To protect them from dirt and damage, a thick cardboard backing with rubber bands or spring clips, and a clear plastic bag or sheet as a cover is enough to start.  E-books may need more protection for the display, like a wood tray with a hinged clear plastic lid.


&amp;emsp;'''Safety Equipment''' - Tools, and the materials being worked on, are usually stronger than body parts.  So a variety of safety equipment should be used to protect yourself.  These include safety glasses or goggles, ear plugs or headsets for sound, work gloves (cloth, leather, fireproof, and rubber in varying thickness), knee pads, masks or respirators for dust or vapors, shop aprons, hard hats, reinforced shoes and boots, and protective covers or shields around dangerous tool parts.  The latter are often built-in or available for the tools.  Which of these are needed depends on what you are doing.  Loose clothes and hair can get caught up in moving parts, and should be changed or secured.

&amp;emsp;Despite using safety equipment, injuries can still happen.  So '''[[w:First_aid_kit|first-aid supplies]]''' should be available nearby.  Most homes already have some.  If a work space is some distance away or you are working away from home, a basic first aid kit should be located in the space or your vehicle.  Appropriate fire extinguishers and/or sprinklers should be available for any project with flammable materials.  For outdoor work, water buckets and hoses should also be available.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 1 - General Home Use&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;These items are useful for common household tasks like hanging pictures, assembling furniture, or installing appliances.  They are also needed for more advanced projects and maintaining other equipment.  They should all fit in a toolbox like the one in figure 5.5-2.


[[File:Caisse_à_outils_avec_petit_outillage.JPG|thumb|right|640x375px|Figure 5.5-2 - A cantilever toolbox with trays that slide apart.]]

::'''Tool and Supply Containers'''


&amp;emsp;While household tools can be stored in a drawer or closet shelf, it is handy to keep them in a '''[[w:Toolbox|Toolbox]]''' of some kind.  This avoids multiple trips when you need to use more than one, and keeps them all together.  Almost any kind of container will work, as long as it will hold the majority of them (except the largest like hand saws), and strong enough for the weight.  Thick-wall cardboard boxes and plastic tubs are low-cost examples.  Handles or hand openings make carrying them easier.  Manufactured or self-made toolboxes often have one more more drawers, removable/sliding trays, or smaller containers/dividers for small items (Figure 5.5-2).  That makes it easier to organize and find what you need than a random pile.  Additional types of tool carriers include large buckets, with optional tool organizers, non-rigid carrying bags and backpacks, and tool belts and aprons for when you want to keep some tools at hand.

[[File:Motorists_tool_kit_roll_of_1912.jpg|thumb|right|640x441px|Figure 5.5-3 - A 1912 Mechanic's tool roll.]]

&amp;emsp;Most tools are mostly or all metal, and power tools have motors, batteries, or cords.  Many tools have accessories, like drill bits or various size sockets.  So at some point hand-carrying a toolbox becomes difficult.  You can either have multiple smaller toolboxes, or use a larger one with wheels and a handle to make moving it easier.  There are manufactured stackable sets with the bottom unit having the wheels and handle, or you can get a separate handcart and strap multiple toolboxes to it.

&amp;emsp;Tools can damage each other, especially ones like files designed to cut metal.  Smaller containers, especially ones with individual tool holders, within the tool box can protect them.  Sharp blades can be covered with a cap or sheath, or wrapped in cloth.  A tool roll of heavy cloth or soft leather can keep tools organized and separated from each other (Figure 5.5-3).

&amp;emsp;Supply items like nails, screws, and sandpaper get used up in a project.  Extra supplies avoids having to shop for them for each project, and it is often cheaper to buy in quantity, or not possible to buy very small amounts.  These extra supplies also need storage.  Small amounts can be kept in the same container as the tools, either loose in a compartment or in the package they came in.  Larger amounts can be stored in a separate container, and then whatever is needed for a given project pulled out as needed.


[[File:HeadLamp.JPG|thumb|right|640x376px|Figure 5.5-4 - A battery-powered headlamp.]]

::'''Lighting and Inspection'''


&amp;emsp;You need to be able to see what you are working on.  If permanent home lighting or daylight is not enough, there are portable options like plug-in lamps and work lights.  Work lights can be mounted on stands or clamp onto an available surface.  Battery options include flashlights, and headlamps which leave the hands free (Figure 5.5-4).  Inspection mirrors are small adjustable ones on a handle to see in hard-to-reach places.  Some have telescoping handles and built-in lights.


::'''Measuring and Marking Tools'''


&amp;emsp;These are used for marking where to make cuts or shapes, dimensions, or what a part is for later assembly.  Typically a cut line is marked, and then an X, squiggle, or shading is used to show the part being cut away.  Cuts should be on the removal side of the line rather than directly on it.  It is easier to remove material to get the final dimension than put it back once removed.  So tool positioning should account for blade width.


* '''Pencils &amp; Pens''' - Start with ordinary pencils. sharpener and eraser, yellow and red marking crayons for dark and light raw wood respectively.  Ink pen and colored marker lines are easier to see but harder to erase.  The edge of  '''[[w:Masking_tape|Masking Tape]]''' can be used to mark locations and be written on, then more easily removed where appearance matters.  Office sticky notes and other low-stick items can also be used for this.
* '''[[w:Scratch_awl|Scratch Awl]]''' - These make indented lines and points.  They make a sharper line than writing tools and the indents help position a chisel or drill in the right place.
* '''[[w:Ruler|Rulers]]''' - Steel, preferably stainless to resist rust and heat. One or more straight ones to start, 15-60cm (6-24 in) with fine-scale markings.  '''[[w:Tape_measure|Tape measures]]''', one each roll-up steel, 4-10 m (12-30 ft)for straight distances, and a cloth/plastic sewing type for wrapping around objects.
* '''[[w:Combination_square|Combination Square]]''' - For measuring and marking perpendicular or at an angle to an edge, and finding the center of an end.  One 30cm (12 in) to start with.

[[File:Tool-level.jpg|thumb|right|640x228px|Figure 5.5-5 - A torpedo level.]]

* '''Levels and Plumbs''' - For finding horizontal and vertical lines.  '''[[w:Spirit_level|Spirit levels]]''' have liquid with an air bubble in a curved tube.  Start with a torpedo Level (Figure 5.5-5), a small magnetized one suitable for general home use, like leveling appliances.  A '''[[w:Plumb_bob|Plumb Bob]]''' is a light string with a substantial weight, sometimes pointed at the bottom.  Gravity pulls it vertical.  It can be used to transfer positions or align objects vertically.  If attached to a marked frame or scale it can help align vertical, horizontal or sloped directions.


::'''Assembly Tools'''


&amp;emsp;For fastening parts together or take them apart again.  Also for striking items to drive them together or apart or change their shape.  These are all manual (unpowered) tools.

* '''[[w:Screwdriver|Screwdrivers]]''' - Screws come in a variety of sizes with different slots, for which a matching driver should be used.  Sets with common sizes are available.  A basic set should have at least a large flat head, large Phillips, small flat head, small Phillips, and stubby flat head (short shaft).  Since a lot of torque (twisting force) is often needed, they should be better than the cheapest grade.  

:&amp;emsp;When an item doesn't already have screw holes, an '''[[w:Bradawl|Awl]]''' with a very narrow or pointed tip is useful for starting small screws. If nothing else is available, a sharpened nail can be used.  Larger wood screws require pre-drilling a hole about the size of the shaft inside the threads to avoid splitting the wood.  

:&amp;emsp;A small cordless screwdriver that accepts hex shank bits can replace multiple screwdrivers and pre-drilling holes.  A set of screwdriver and small drill bits with matching shanks should be added if not included.  '''[[w:Drill#Hand-powered|Hand Drills]]''' of various kinds still exist but are mostly obsolete or used where power is not available. 
* '''[[w:Pliers|Pliers]]''' - For firmly holding items using leverage.  A basic set would include either a channel or slip joint type where the space between the jaws can be changed, a lineman’s with heavy-duty jaws, long nose for reaching confined spaces, and a locking type which continues to hold without hand pressure.
* '''[[w:Socket_wrench|Socket Wrench Set]]''' - For larger screws and bolts that need more torque.  A basic set includes a reversible ratcheting handle and different sizes of matching sockets to fit hexagonal-head fasteners.  '''[[w:Hex_key|Hex Keys]]''' (Allen wrenches) are used for hexagonal holes in a screw or bolt.  A basic set of different size hex keys is enough to start.
* '''[[w:Hammer|Hammers]]''' - For striking with higher force by combined arm and handle speed.  A basic set includes a '''[[w:Claw_hammer|Claw Hammer]]''' for driving and removing nails, a '''[[w:Ball-peen_hammer|Ball-Peen]]''' for striking other metal tools or shaping metal, and a '''[[w:Mallet|Rubber or Rawhide Mallet]]''' for when you don't want to damage what you are hitting.  These can be anywhere from the 250-1500g (8-38oz) weight range depending on your strength and what you are hitting but a 500g/16oz one is enough to start with.
* '''[[w:Staple_gun|Staple Gun]]''' - The manual version uses a hand-compressed spring to drive heavy staples.  It can be used for fastening plastic sheet, fabric, and other light materials into soft woods.  Hardwoods may require hammering the staples flush, or using sturdier fasteners like upholstery tacks.


::'''Cutting and Abrasive Tools'''


[[File:Tapijtschaar.jpg|thumb|right|400x300px|Figure 5.5-6 - Carpet Shears.]]

* '''[[w:Scissors|Scissors/Shears]]''' - These have two blades on a pivot connected to handles.  A toolbox version should have stronger blades and higher handle-to-blade length ratio to cut thicker material than household/craft scissors.  A suitable heavy duty one is a '''Carpet Shears''' (Figure 5.5-6).  The offset handles make it easier to cut on a flat surface.
* '''[[w:Utility_knife|Utility Knives]]''' - The kind called a &quot;box cutter&quot; has a retractable razor knife for cutting materials like cardboard.  This is enough to start with.  A straight edge can guide the blade along a desired line.  If you use the knife often enough, it should come with or you can get replacement blades when they wear out.  They are very low cost and not worth sharpening to a razor edge.  An inexpensive '''[[w:Putty_knife|Scraper Set]]''' with different width and shape blades is useful for general cleaning, prying, and spreading.  A razor scraper holds a single-edged razor blade crosswise, and is used at a low angle on hard surfaces like glass.

:&amp;emsp;The '''[[w:Pocketknife|Folding Pocket Knife]]''' has one or more blades which pivot into the handle. A '''[[w:Multi-tool|Multi-tool]]''' includes other items besides edged blades.  In all cases the movable blades make it safer and easier to carry when not being used.  Traditional fixed-blade utility knives have their uses, especially outdoors or working with wood, but need a sheath when not being used for safety and to avoid damage to the edge.  They should be single-edged so you can push on the back of the blade for extra force.  
* '''[[w:Diagonal_pliers|Diagonal Pliers]]''' - are made of hardened steel and used to cut wires and similar long, narrow materials.  They are typically built into lineman's pliers along with the gripping jaws. but adding a smaller one for tighter spaces or cut more closely to a surface is uesful.
* '''[[w:Snips|Metal Snips]]''' function like scissors, but have much thicker blades and more leverage, often with compound action.  This allows cutting sheet metal and similar hard materials.  A starter set only needs the straight-cutting type, but left and right curve cutting versions can cut more complex shapes without multiple straight cuts.
* '''[[w:Hacksaw|Hacksaws]]''' hold a narrow, fine tooth blade under tension in a frame.  One standard 30 cm(12 inch) saw with a few blades of different tooth fineness is sufficient for a starter set.  They are used to cut metal, plastic, and wood where a narrow cut or thin walls requires a thin blade with small teeth.  Junior and mini saws use shorter blades and can be used in smaller spaces.
* '''[[w:Hand_saw|Wood Hand Saws]]''' - These are for general cutting of wood to size.  One short enough to fit in a toolbox is sufficient to start with.  Longer carpenter's saws can use the full stroke length of arm and body.  They need a longer toolbox or are stored separately with something to protect the cutting teeth.  The basic types are '''[[w:Crosscut_saw|Crosscut]]''' with teeth to cut across the wood fibers (grain), and the '''[[w:Ripsaw|Ripsaw]]''' with teeth to cut lengthwise along the fibers.  There are many other types of '''[[w:Saw|Saws]]''', but a smaller toolbox one and the two carpenter types for larger pieces of wood are enough for occasional home projects.
* '''[[w:File_(tool)|Files]]''' and '''[[w:Rasp|Rasps]]''' are used to remove small amounts of material by abrasion.  Files have teeth the width of the tool, while rasps have smaller individual teeth. They are usually made of hardened high-carbon steel so they can cut other metals.  They are fairly inexpensive, so a packaged set of six or more different sizes, shapes, and tooth fineness is enough to start.  This should include at least the bastard, double cut, round, and triangular types.  Needle files are very small ones for confined spaces or fine work.   

:&amp;emsp;File sets should have some handles, and a holder or wrap to keep them from damaging each other and other tools.  A stiff toothbruch, detail brush or &quot;file card&quot; (a brush with fine metal wires) can be used to remove accumulated particles.
* '''[[w:Sandpaper|Sandpaper]]''' - Used to smooth surfaces, round sharp corners and similar finishing tasks.  An assortment pack with different grain sizes is enough to get started.  The grain is how many particles per inch, so finer grains have higher numbers.  Sandpaper wears out and becomes clogged with particles, but is inexpensive to replace.  A stiff brush like a toothbrush can clean out excess particles.  There are types intended to be used wet or dry, and different grain materials.

:&amp;emsp;The paper backing is flexible and can be cut from the back or folded and torn to whatever size is needed.  Cutting from the grit side will damage blades.  It can be wrapped or taped to scrap wood or any other object to conform to the surface being sanded.  '''[[w:Sanding_block|Sanding Blocks]]''' are also made for this purpose.  Fingernail files and hobby sanding sticks are useful for small spaces.  


::'''Tool Care and Maintenance'''


&amp;emsp;Tools and work areas need some care, maintenance, repair, or cleaning.  Care can be divided into avoidable problems and unavoidable wear.  Water and high humidity causes steel and other metals to rust or corrode and wood to decay.  Dry storage and work areas, and quickly removing water after use helps avoid these problems.  A wiped on coating of oil, or storing in oiled paper or cloth, can help keep water away from metal.  Wood finishes or chemically treated lumber can prevent rot.  Freshly cut logs and branches have a high water content, so they should be dried before most uses.  This is called &quot;seasoning&quot; because drying time in air is measured in seasons.  Paints and other durable coatings, and waterproof containers can protect both wood and metal items.

&amp;emsp;'''Sharpening''' - Using tools will eventually wear down sharp edges and moving parts.  Casual use of a wood or metal saw may take years to wear down the cutting teeth, but if used regularly they require sharpening or replacement.  Hacksaw blades are inexpensive and replaceable for this reason.  Other cutting tools are generally sharpened with files, sandpaper fastened to a flat surface like glass, and '''[[w:Sharpening_stone|Sharpening Stones]]''', and '''[[w:Razor_strop|Stropping]]''' with abrasive compounds.  These are used in series with progressively finer teeth and grains until the necessary sharpness is reached.  This varies by tool and its use.  A fine tooth file from those listed above and a two-sided sharpening stone with coarse/fine grain is enough to start with.

&amp;emsp;'''Repair''' - Other tool parts may need replacement if they become too worn or break.  The assembly tools listed above are used to take tools apart, replace the part, and put them back together.  Any kind of flat tray or small container can be used to hold loose parts while disassembled, so they don't get lost or forgotten.  If there are many parts, a multi-compartment item like an egg carton, ice tray, or muffin pan can organize them in the order they were disassembled so it can be reversed during re-assembly.  

&amp;emsp;General maintenance and cleaning items don't need to be carried in a tool box, but brought out as needed.  They include:


* '''Lubricants and Tapes''' - An old adage is &quot;WD-40 for anything that moves but isn't and duct tape for things that move but shouldn't&quot;.  Lubricants and strong tape have many uses, so some of each should be available.  One can of WD-40 penetrating spray lubricant, and a roll each of strong cloth (duct) and regular masking tapes are enough to start with.  Other kinds of '''[[w:Lubricant|Lubricants]]''' and '''[[w:List_of_adhesive_tapes|Tapes]]''' can be added as needed. 

:&amp;emsp;Tools and machines with moving parts often need oiling at specific points and not others.  Some oil containers come with a small nozzle, but a small brush or cotton swab can be used instead.  Dedicated '''[[w:Oil_can|Oil Cans]]''' (oilers) that work by gravity or pressure are available for frequent or large-scale use.

* '''Brushes and Vacuums''' - Old toothbrushes and wire brushes can be used to clean up blade teeth, fastener threads and other small spaces.  Soft hand brushes. a broom, dust pan, and trash cans are for collecting sawdust, metal shavings, etc.  Hand and shop vacuums can clean up inaccessible or large areas.  Cotton swabs and small craft brushes can be used to clean or apply lubricants and finishes to small areas.

* '''Cleaning Supplies''' - Old clothes or towels can be cut up, or cleaning rags purchased, for removing dirt, oil, grease, etc.  Paper towels can be used but they wear out quickly.  General household brushes, sponges, buckets and mops, with water and household cleaners to use with them as needed for cleaning work areas.  Most people have these already.  If needed, cut-open plastic shopping or trash bags, and newspaper/advertising fliers can be used to protect surfaces. 

* '''Twine and Rope''' - Have multiple uses for bundling, temporary clamping, and securing loads being moved. 


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 2 - Home Improvement/Do-It-Yourself Use&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;The additional general-purpose tools and equipment items listed here, when added to List 1, enable a range of more substantial home improvement, craft, and repair projects.  You can start adding them as-needed for specific projects.  Finding them used in bulk, such as auctions, moving, and estate sales, may save money.  Any duplicate or unneeded items can be sold off or traded for ones you need.  As noted above, you don't need everything from these two basic lists to start on projects.  But the more items you have, the wider the range of projects you can do with them.


::'''Office &amp; Media Equipment'''


&amp;emsp;These should be located away from work areas to avoid damage from tools, dirt, and dust:

[[File:Drafting_board_with_T_Square.jpg|thumb|right|640x427px|Figure 5.5-6a - Drawing board with T-square and other tools.]]

&amp;emsp;Hand drawing has been substantially replaced by computers and software, especially for professionals, but it is much lower cost to get started.  Even with computers, it is still useful for sketching ideas, or making notes and alterations to existing plans.  Printed plans, however created, are still useful in the workshop, as they can be larger than screens, and if full size can be used directly as templates.
	
* '''[[w:Drawing_board|Drawing Board]]''' - This is a surface to make drawings and plans of custom projects, customizing existing ones, or scaling templates to full size.  An existing table or counter with a smooth top can be used to start, but any piece of smooth-surfaced rigid material can be used instead to avoid pen and tape marks.  Portable boards (Figure 5.5-6a) can be moved where needed and put away between uses.  Tape or push-pins are used to hold drawing sheets in place.  Translucent sheets (vellum) can be laid over other drawings and illustrations as guides.  Graph paper has pre-printed lines, making dimensioned sketches easier.

*'''[[w:Technical_drawing_tool|Drawing Tools]]''' are used to draw accurate lines and curves.  These include the T-square, 45 and 60 degree triangles; engineer's, metric, and architects scales; lettering, circle, and irregular curve templates; protractor, low-stick drafting dots, masking tape; erasers, eraser shield, and dusting brush; bow compass and dividers; and mechanical pencils of various lead diameters. 

* '''Computer and Peripherals''' - If you don't already have one, a computer is useful for communication, inventory, purchasing, task management, and design software.  A multifunction printer can be used to print out online or e-book plans, or enlarge templates to full size.  The scanning function can do the reverse.  Large plans and templates can be sent to a commercial print shop.  A webcam can provide live video conversations.  A smartphone can use its cameras to also do this function. A '''Digital projector''' can be used to transfer designs to physical items or templates.


::'''Storage and Workshop Space'''


[[File:Paris_-_Carpenter_workshop_-_4944.jpg|thumb|right|640x427px|Figure 5.5-7 - A professional woodworking shop with storage and workbenches.]]

&amp;emsp;As tools accumulate, it gets harder to store and move all of them around in a toolbox.  So dedicated storage becomes useful.  Storage may be in a garage, utility room, or outbuilding.  A storage area can also hold parts and materials for future projects.  Tools and materials can be quite heavy, so the storage should be sturdy.  Shelving and cabinets, either wall-mounted or freestanding, are typically used for smaller items.  Longer or larger items can be leaned against or hung from a wall.

&amp;emsp;Drawers can help keep items accessible but out of the way when not being used.  For tools and accessories, some portable tool boxes, and the larger wheeled or stationary '''Tool Chests''' come in all sizes and number of drawers.  Parts organizers, small containers, or open bins can be used for bulk items like nails and screws.  Empty cardboard boxes are often free from stores if you ask, and come in all sizes.  Sturdy ones are preferred.  Labels on everything help finding the right items once many have accumulated.  A pack of blank address labels and a bold marker can serve for this. 

&amp;emsp;When you add dedicated work space to storage, it becomes a '''[[w:Workshop|Workshop]]''' (Figure 5.5-7).  These come in all sizes from a craft area in the corner of a room, to garage and basement space, to freestanding buildings that can be as large as needed.  If you move to an existing or new home, it may already have space for a workshop, or an existing shop in place.

&amp;emsp;Since the tools in these lists enable making and building things, workshops can be largely self-made.  The shelves, work tables, chairs, cabinets and other items that support working in them are collectively called '''Shop Furniture'''.  Setting up storage and workshop space can be a very big project, so it is typically divided into smaller steps, with the completed parts helping finish the rest.  

&amp;emsp;How much workshop space is needed is determined by the size of the projects being made, and the shop furniture, assembly areas, tools, stationary machines, parts, and materials being stored and used.  Workshops can be used by one person or many, so there should be enough space to not interfere with each other.  Enough additional space is needed to move around and for large items to overhang and move through machines.  For some projects, outdoor space can be used temporarily to extend the working area.

&amp;emsp;Shops should not be overcrowded and items piled haphazardly.  That is both unsafe and hard to use.  So enough space for proper storage and future growth should be planned for.  Workshops also need adequate lighting, either natural or artificial, and enough electric power if if such tools are used.  This may require upgrades to existing systems.  Access to water, such as a utility sink, and ventilation if fumes or dust are generated are helpful.  The floor must be able to support the total weight of everything in the shop, which can be quite large.  Temperature and humidity should be controlled enough to prevent rust, wood rot, and be comfortable to work in.  Access doors should be large enough to move materials and finished items through.


* '''Work Clothing''' -  If you are doing longer-term projects, specialized work clothing is helpful.  Tool and nail aprons and belts allow keeping the most used tools with you.  Denim, leather,  or other heavy materials are durable and can provide protection.  Some versions have extra pockets, loops, and holders for items.


::'''Work Surfaces and Clamps'''


* '''Portable''' - While some work can be done on the floor, supports bring the work to a comfortable height, and for longer items keep them from sagging or tilting while being worked on.  Two '''[[w:Sawhorse|Sawhorses]]''', with optional boards and/or sheet goods laid on top are simple and flexible, and are a starting point if you have nothing else.  They can be bought, but basic ones are easy to make and cheaper.  '''[[w:Black_%26_Decker_Workmate|Folding Portable Workbenches]]''' can have built-in vises, stops, and tool-holders.  If they are very light they can move while working.  Some have steps to use body weight to stabilize them.  They can also be weighted with anything heavy to keep them steady.

[[File:Clamps.jpg|thumb|right|596x480px|Figure 5.5-8 - Assorted clamps: pipe, bar, trigger, handscrew, spring, C-clamp, and cam types.]]

* '''[[w:Clamp_(tool)|Clamps]]''' - Clamps in general are used to hold one or more items together or to the work surface to keep them from moving.  They can be much stronger than muscles and leave the hands free for working.  A single clamp can allow items to rotate, so at least two medium-size ones are needed to start with.  Additional clamps of various types and sizes are desirable (Figure 5.5-8).  There are specialized clamps that use '''[[w:Band_clamp|Straps]]''' or for '''[[w:Mitre_clamp|Holding Corners]]''' that can be added later as needed, and temporary ones can be made from rope and sticks, with wedges driven under the rope to apply pressure. 

* '''[[w:Workbench|Workbenches]]''' - These are either stationary, or if wheeled generally stay within a workshop area.  Their weight and rigidity keeps items from moving or vibrating from tool forces.  They typically have built-in '''[[w:Vise|Vises]]''' and clamps, or are designed so temporary ones can fix the work to the bench.  Vises generally have larger faces to apply pressure and are stationary, while clamps are typically movable.  The intermediate clamp vise can be temporarily clamped where needed.  The bench and '''[[w:Woodworking_vise|Woodworking Vices]]''' are the most common types.  The latter have wood vise faces to avoid damage to items.

:&amp;emsp;There are a number of specialized tools and accessories to hold items to workbenches.  Some have '''[[w:Bench_dog|Bench Dogs or Pegs]]''' or '''[[w:Holdfast_(tool)|Holdfasts]]''' that can be inserted into holes to position or secure items.  Shaped inserts can better hold round or other items that don't match the jaw shape.  For some projects, custom holding jigs have to be self-made for them.  For any kind of vise or clamp, softer materials like wood, leather, or rubber can be inserted between the jaws to prevent damage to the work.  

:&amp;emsp;Many workbenches have storage shelves, hooks, or drawers below the bench top.  Wall-mounted benches often have additional shelves or cabinets above the bench for storage.  Free-standing benches (not against a wall) allow access from all sides and working on overhanging items. If large items will be worked on, temporary supports or other shop tables can be used to support the excess.  Depending on use, bench top height can be for working standing up or sitting, or a taller chair or stool used to sit at a standing bench.  Some benches have built-in electrical outlets for power tools.  Otherwise corded tools or battery chargers can be plugged in elsewhere.


::'''Ladders and Platforms'''


&amp;emsp;Some projects involve reaching/working above floor or ground level, and occasionally down a hole.

* '''[[w:Ladder|Stepladders]]''' have steps or rungs to climb and stand on.  They come in a wide variety of sizes, and are either free-standing or leaned against something.  A two-step version may be enough to reach ceiling lights and high shelves indoors, but a 2 meter (6 foot) one with four legs is more stable and provides places to set or hang tools and materials while working.  Some versions have a small fold-out shelf for this purpose.  This size is sufficient to start with.  For outdoor use extension or folding ladders can be adjusted to the task at hand.  If you expect to reach a roof or tree limb, the length can be chosen based on that height.
  
:&amp;emsp;Modern ladders are rated for weight.  Select one rated for at least your body weight plus the heaviest item you expect to lift up it.  A falling ladder or falling off one can cause serious injury.  Move the ladder rather than leaning or lifting heavy items beyond the legs.  If the ground is not level or firm use boards or blocks to fix that.  Secure the ladder if needed to what you are climbing up, or braced to the ground with diagonal poles or staked ropes.  Secure yourself to the ladder or what you are climbing with hooks and ropes/straps/safety belt to prevent falls.

*'''Work Platforms''' provide more horizontal surface to stand on or place things than ladders.  They are useful when horizontal movement is needed while working.  One or two sturdy boards placed across two ladders, or one ladder and building steps is a simple version.  Since loose boards can shift, they should be clamped or have angles or blocks attached to prevent sliding off.


::'''Moving and Lifting'''


&amp;emsp;Moving heavy objects or large amounts of supplies happens often on larger projects.  Moving or lifting items over 20 kg (40 lb) or carrying multiple smaller or lighter items is difficult by hand, and benefits from various transport and lift devices.  Some bags and boxes saved from previous shopping or discarded by stores may be enough to start with.  Horizontal movement benefits greatly from wheels.  Depending on the task, a '''[[w:Hand_truck|Hand Truck]]''', '''[[w:Flatbed_trolley|Flatbed Trolley]]''' (moving dolly) or '''[[w:Wheelbarrow|Wheelbarrow]]''' can be used.  '''[[w:Tub_(container)|Tubs]]''', '''[[w:Bucket|Buckets]]''' and assorted small containers are useful for storing and moving items like fasteners, bulk materials, liquids, and groups of tools.  Workshop machines and carts can come with wheels or have them added.  This allows moving them out of the way when not being used, or to where needed while working.

&amp;emsp;For moving large amounts of material or larger single items, motorized vehicles of many types and sizes exist.  The most common are passenger cars, pickup trucks, and enclosed vans.  Trailers can be attached to many of these vehicles.  Flat or open bed loads can be protected and secured by tarps, nets, elastic or chain hooks, and ratcheted straps.  Blocks, wedges, and bars can prevent loads from shifting.  Securing loads is important for balancing trailers whose deck extends beyond the wheel base.  '''[[w:Intermodal_container|Shipping containers]]''' can carry large amounts of goods and serve as temporary storage.
  
&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Pulley|Pulleys]]''' are used for lifting, dragging, or changing the direction of a force.  A single rope and body weight is enough for smaller loads.  Sets of pulleys can be combined for added leverage.  Inclined boards set on a step or block and fabricated ramps can help withe height changes.  The ledge at the bottom of a hand truck and many other objects can be used as '''[[w:Lever|Levers]]''' to lift objects enough to place supports under them or get them onto wheels.  Back supports can help avoid injury when lifting heavy items with body strength.  '''[[w:Winch|Winches]]''' multiply leverage with cranks and gears.  There are both hand and powered versions.  Temporary hoists can use 1-3 poles with anchor ropes as needed. They can support pulleys, hooks and other lifting gear high enough for a given task.  These are the '''[[w:Gin_pole|Gin Pole]]''', '''[[w:Shear_legs|Shear Legs]]''', and '''[[w:Tripod|Tripod]]'''.  Commercial lifts and cranes can be rented for occasional use, or are supplied while delivering large loads.

* '''[[w:Jack_(device)|Jacks]]''' - are devices to lift heavy weights or apply bending forces, generally more than simple levers.  There are may types using ratchets, screws, air pressure, or hydraulics.  The type included with most passenger cars for changing tires is enough to start, but a bottle jack of 10-20 tons capacity is a useful addition.  Always make sure the jack is firmly supported.  On bare ground it is likely to push itself into the ground rather than lifting a heavy object.  Boards, timbers, or concrete blocks can spread the load.  Also place timbers or other supports as the item is lifted, in case the jack slips or the load shifts sideways.


::'''Measuring and Marking'''


* '''Size Measures''' -  The ruler-type '''[[w:Calipers|Caliper]]''' has a sliding jaw attached to a ruler.  Inside and outside types can take and transfer measurements.  A set of these is enough to get started.  Digital calipers can make more accurate measurements, but not as accurate as a micrometer.

* '''Weight and Volume Measures''' - For measuring bulk items for mixing and other purposes.  These can be conventional kitchen and bathroom scales, measuring spoons and measuring cups.  Empty clear/translucent containers can be filled with measured liquids and marked for shop use.

* '''Angle Measures''' - There are various devices for setting right angles (90 degrees or perpendicular).  The '''[[w:Try_square|Try Square]]''' is 20-50 cm (8-20 inches) is for smaller accurate work.  The '''[[w:Steel_square|Steel Square]]''' is a larger one-piece device with engraved scales.  Angled and sloped cuts are either described by the two scales, like &quot;6:12&quot;, or calculated from the angle tangent.  For cutting sheet goods there are squares the full width of a standard sheet.  Sheet goods are generally manufactured with right angles, so an alternate method is measuring the lengths on opposite sides from the corners, and connecting them with a straight edge.

:&amp;emsp;The '''[[w:Speed_square|Speed Square]]''' is a triangular '''[[w:Set_square|Set Square]]''' with a built in fence.  This can be pressed against a board edge to mark a cut, or clamped to it to guide a circular saw.  A '''[[w:Protractor|Protractor]]''' has an angle scale, and the bevel type has a pivoting arm to mark angles.  A '''[[w:Sliding_T_bevel|Sliding T Bevel]]''' can set and transfer angles when you want them to match.  One try or steel square is enough to get started, depending on the size of the projects.

* '''Curve Marking''' - A '''[[w:Compass_(drawing_tool)|Compass]]''' has two sharp points, or one point and pencil/pen for marking arcs and circles.  The distance between the points is set against a ruler to the radius desired.  The regular and beam/trammel types will mark small and large radii and are enough to start with.  Very large curves can be set by hooking the end of a tape measure to a small nail at the center point, and securing the sharp point, pencil, or pen to the tape with a small '''[[w:Binder_clip|Binder Clip]]'''

* '''[[w:Flat_spline|Flat Splines]]''' and '''[[w:French_curve|French Curves]]''' can be used for non-circular curves. Lines on curved surfaces like cylinders can be set by marking two or more measured points, then wrapping folded paper or other bendable but not stretchy material between them to mark a line.

[[File:Vpass-1.JPG|thumb|right|640x284px|Figure 5.5-9 - Carpenter's Level.]]

* '''Carpenter's Level''' - 60-120 cm (2-4 foot) (Figure 5.5-9).  A longer version of the torpedo level from list 1.  This can span more distance and be more accurate, but are harder to use in small spaces.  For longer distances a level can be set on or against a straight piece of finished lumber with parallel sides or any similar object.  Once a horizontal or vertical line is determined, slopes can be set by measuring perpendicular to one end.


::'''Additional Hand Tools'''


* '''Screw- and Nut Drivers''' - The basic screwdriver set can be extended to cover most projects with about 30 pieces from a large standard plus a precision assortment sets.  Nut drivers have axial handles like screwdrivers, but with tips that fit different size nuts and bolt heads.  Their use overlaps socket wrenches with extension bars.

* '''Hand Saws''' - '''[[w:Compass_saw|Compass]]''' and '''[[w:Keyhole_saw|Keyhole Saws]]''' have narrow blades for making curved cuts.  They differ in size and tooth fineness.  Interior cuts can be extended from a small starter hole made with a drill or chisel.  A '''[[w:Coping_saw|Coping Saw]]''' has a very narrow blade with small teeth, and a frame to keep it straight under tension.  The small teeth are good for thin material.  The '''[[w:Bow_saw|Bow or Frame Saw]]''' is a larger version.  Interior cuts can be made by unhooking the blade, putting it through a starter hole, and re-attaching it.  The blade can be rotated as needed for the cutting direction.  A '''[[w:Bench_hook|Bench Hook]]''' is a simple accessory, usually self-made, to keep an item steady while cutting, and slightly raised so you don't damage a work table.  Hook a pair of them over the edge of the table and press what you are cutting against the upper blocks.

:&amp;emsp;Hand '''[[w:Backsaw|Backsaws]]''' have a reinforcing strip to keep the blade straight and can be used with a '''[[w:Mitre_box|Miter Box]]''' to guide it.  They are used for cutting to length and accurate crosscut angles.  They come in various sizes and tooth fineness from the larger miter saw, to tenon, dovetail, and razor.  Ones with offset handles are used to cut pegs and other protrusions flush.  Hand saws require periodic sharpening with use.  Specialty clamps, file jigs (to even tooth height), and '''[[w:Saw_set|Saw Sets]]''' (to set kerf width) are available, but can be made/use other tools.  The actual sharpening uses files and sharpening stones.

* '''Hammers''' - Add other sizes of metal hammers to those in list 1, either smaller and lighter for fine work, or heavier up to two-handed '''[[w:Sledgehammer|Sledgehammer]]''' for heavy work.  One or more hardwood mallets or '''[[w:Dead_blow_hammer|Dead Blow Hammer]]''' for when you don't want to damage what you are striking, with less rebound than the rubber mallet.  These often have soft striking faces with sand or metal shot filling the head, which absorbs the rebound forces.  The light '''[[w:/Upholstery_hammer|Tack Hammer]]''' has one magnetized head to start small tacks and nails, such as for upholstery.  The unmagnetized head then finishes driving them in.

* '''Hooks and Picks''' - These are small tools with various shaped tips for fine work.  They are also known as &quot;dental probes&quot;.

* '''[[w:Burr_(edge)|Deburring Tools]]''' - For removing rough edges left by cutting tools.  Files can also do this task, but a specialty tool set is sometimes more efficient on softer materials and longer edges.

* '''Pry and Demolition Bars''' - These use leverage to remove nails, pry items apart, or start to lift heavy items.  They can use hands or hammers to insert.  They come in various sizes and shapes like the '''[[w:Cat's_paw_(tool)|Cat's Paw]]''', '''[[w:Crowbar|Crowbar]]''', and flat pry bars.  Claw hammers have a built-in prying tool, but additional ones are useful.

[[File:Quick_Change_Tool_System,_2parts.jpg|thumb|right|Figure 5.5-10 - Punch and matching die.]]

* '''Chisels and Punches''' - '''[[w:Chisel#Cold_chisel|Cold Chisels]]''' are used to indent or cut thinner metal, and score, chip, or split masonry.  '''[[w:Punch_(tool)|Punches]]''' are used to indent or pierce leather, wood, or metal.  Hollow punches can make well-defined holes in thicker material.  Matching '''Die Blocks''' support the other side so the surrounding area is not deformed (Figure 5.5-10).  

:&amp;emsp;A Center Punch is used to mark where a drill will cut and keep it from wandering.  A '''[[w:Nailset|Nailset]]''' is a punch with a small head, for driving a nail flush or slightly below without damaging the surrounding material. '''[[w:Drift_pin|Drift Pins]]''' are either straight or tapered.  They are used to either transfer hammer impacts to hard-to-reach places or align holes before assembly.  Start with a punch and chisel set of assorted types and sizes plus one medium wood chisel for minor trimming and cutting of wood and other softer materials.

* '''Wrenches''' - Add to the basic socket set in List 1 a larger set with multiple handle sizes and a larger range of sockets.  Sizes up to 1 1/2&quot; SAE and 38mm metric will cover all but the largest projects. Using two handles with a nut and bolt allows more tightening force.  

:&amp;emsp;Open or close-ended single piece '''[[w:Wrench|Wrenches]]''' can apply higher forces that would damage a ratchet type handle.  Their drawback is having to remove and reposition for each turn in tight spaces.  A combination wrench has one open and one closed end.  Using the ratchet handle first, then this type for final tightening minimizes the work.

:emsp;'''[[w:Adjustable_spanner|Adjustable Wrenches]]''' have a wheel to change the jaw opening.  Four sizes from 6-12&quot; (15-30cm) should cover most needs '''[[w:Pipe_wrench|Pipe Wrenches]]''' have parallel serrated jaws to better grip large nuts and heavy pipe.  These come in a wide range of sizes, but a medium one is enough to start.  A ball-end hex key set is easier to insert into hard to reach places.  Sizes from 0.05-0.5&quot; and 1.27-10mm in addition to the plain set from list 1 should cover most needs.

* '''Pliers ''' - As needed, add '''[[w:Pincers_(tool)|Pincers]]''' and nippers, to grab or cut across the handle rather than along it.  They are useful for pulling items like nails, or cutting protruding items flush.  To a single locking pliers in the basic set you can add additional sizes and jaw shapes.  Other types of pliers can be added in different sizes and lengths.  Also add pliers to install and remove '''[[w:Retaining_ring|Retaining Rings]]'''.  The rings have different styles and sizes, so you may need a set, or one with replaceable tips.

* '''[[w:Bolt_cutter|Bolt Cutter]]''' - For cutting thicker rods or bars than pliers using compound leverage.  For even thicker items use a metal hacksaw, angle grinder, or reciprocating saw.

* '''Shop Magnets''' - Extension and sweep, for retrieving dropped items and metal cuttings.  A strong shop magnet can be used to locate nails and screws in a wall by feel, and so also where the framing is located.  A '''[[w:Stud_finder|Stud Finder]]''' is a more advanced device for finding wall posts (studs).


::'''Portable Power Tools'''


&amp;emsp;Portable tools are meant to be carried and used with one or two hands.  They use electric power either from a battery or cord.  Batteries allow moving anywhere without worrying about cord length and handling, but they eventually need recharging.  Battery packs and chargers add to the cost.  Corded tools generally allow higher power levels and longer running time.  Most power tools come in a range of quality and power level, measured by Amps or Watts.  Which to use depends on the projects you are doing.  

&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Extension_cord|Extension Cords]]''' allow working farther from a power outlet.  Cords should be rated for the highest power tool you expect to use, and for outdoor use if you expect to use them that way.  If you are moving around or climbing up, tie an '''[[w:Overhand_knot|Overhand Knot]]''' with the ends of the tool and extension cords before plugging together.  This prevents them from pulling apart.


* '''[[w:Drill|Electric Drill]] and Accessories''' - One corded drill around 6 Amp power and a standard wood drill '''[[w:Drill_bit|Drill Bit Set]]''' up to the drill chuck size is enough to get started.  If you expect to work with metal, there are bits made of stronger materials with a different cutting angle for that.  A '''Drill Gauge''' can help identify the size of a bit.  The '''Hammer''' type drill can apply forward impacts to better go through hard materials.  Many drills have side handle and depth gauge attachments to for better control.  Specialty '''Right Angle Drills''' have the chuck mounted sideways to the grip rather than axially, which allows drilling in smaller spaces.

:&amp;emsp;There are many accessories that can fit in a drill chuck.  '''[[w:List_of_screw_drives|Driver Bits]]''' can be used in place of screwdrivers and socket wrenches.  They are faster but with less control.  An assortment set is enough to start.  Others include sanding wheels, countersink, counterbore/spade, expansion, and auger bits for wood, and abrasive stones for metal.  For large holes a stationary drill press (see List 8) handles the higher torque better, or use a smaller starter hole then a saw to enlarge it.  Various kinds of '''[[w:Drill#Hand-powered|Hand-Powered Drills]]''' still exist, but are mostly used where power is not available, to start a hole, for small spaces, or countersinking.

* '''[[w:Circular_saw|Circular Saw]]''' - Hand-held corded type with 7.25 inch (18.5 cm) blade diameter with carbide teeth is the most common to start with.  Other size saws and blade types as needed.  Cordless (battery powered) types typically use smaller blades.  All types rotate the blade at high speed.  So what you are cutting should be secured to prevent movement, and a firm grip on the tool with both hands used.  For accurate cuts, a straight object is clamped to the work, offset by the blade distance from the built-in guide plate. 
	
* '''[[w:Reciprocating_saw|Reciprocating Saw]]''' with assorted blades - This moves the blade forward and back rather than rotating.  Longer blades allow cutting thicker items than a circular saw.  Since only the blade is in the cutting area, they can work in tighter spaces than a circular saw.  A variety of blades are available for different materials, and in different lengths and stiffness.  They are generally less accurate than circular saws, but clamping something to the work to hold the tool against can improve accuracy.

* '''[[w:Jigsaw_(tool)|Jigsaw]]''' with assorted blades - This is a type of reciprocating saw where the blade goes vertically through a guide plate.  They are most useful making straight or curved cuts in boards or sheet goods

* '''[[w:Angle_grinder|Angle Grinder]]''' and '''[[w:Dremel|Rotary Tool]]''' - These use high speed bits for tasks like cutting, grinding, and sanding.  They differ in the direction of rotation and size.  Angle grinders rotate at a right angle to the tool body, and are generally larger and more powerful.  Rotary tools, such as the Dremel brand, rotate in line with the body, similar to electric drills.  Compared to electric drills they spin at much higher speeds but with lower torque at the same power.  One of either type is enough to get started.

* '''[[w:Heat_gun|Heat Gun]]''' - These produce much higher temperatures than hair dryers and should never be used for that purpose.  Uses include paint stripping, shrink wrapping, softening plastic for bending, and general heating and melting.  Higher temperatures require an oven or furnace, but heat guns are portable and can cover larger areas.


::'''Stationary Equipment&lt;/u&gt;'''


&amp;emsp;These items should either be fastened in place to use properly, or are too heavy or unwieldy to hand carry while operating.

* '''[[w:Miter_saw|Power Miter Saw]]''' - These perform the same function as a hand backsaw and miter box but are much faster using a powered circular saw blade.  Basic versions have a horizontal angle gauge and fence.  More advanced ones have blade tilt and slide features, clamps for the material, and projected lines for the cut.  A bench, sawhorses, or rollers keep longer and heavier lumber straight and balanced while cutting, and the saw generally has holes for bolting in place.

* '''[[w:Bench_grinder|Bench Grinder]]''' - This uses high speed abrasive, wire, or buffing wheels to sharpen, remove material, clean, and polish.  They throw cuttings at high speed and can generate sparks, so gloves and face protection should be used.  On metal the heat generated can affect the '''[[w:Tempering_(metallurgy)|Temper]]''' and burn hands, so dipping in water periodically can cool the item.  

:&amp;emsp;Wet grinders turn more slowly and apply water to the wheel to avoid overheating.  They are typically used for blade sharpening.  Drill bit sharpening jig is useful if many are being worn out.  A 6-8 inch (15-20 cm) bench grinder with abrasive wheels is enough to start with.  Bench grinders can be fastened to a workbench, or to a stand if larger items need to be worked on.

* '''[[w:Air_compressor|Air Compressor]]''' - This is useful for inflating tires and other items, and also for air tools like nail guns and paint sprayers.  A small one light enough to move where needed plus an air hose and attachments kit is enough to start with.  A '''Tire Inflator''' is a small compressor, often using a 12 Volt car accessory socket, for wheelbarrow, mower, and other small tires, plus automobile and towed trailers.


::'''Materials, Parts, and Supplies'''


&amp;emsp;Beyond basic supplies already noted, these can mostly be accumulated as needed for current and future projects.  We suggest starting with some nail, screw, and bolt/nut/washer assortment sets with different sizes.  This avoids making a shopping trip for minor home projects.


::'''Care and Maintenance'''


&amp;emsp;'''Building Maintenance''' - Homes and other structures require maintenance to stay functional.  Many of the tools and equipment listed above can be used for repair and replacement, in addition to building new items.  Some tools are only used to diagnose and fix problems, but not to build new items.  These include:

* '''[[w:Test_light|Test Lights]]''' - are used to diagnose if an electrical outlet or other device has a voltage (power).  They are mostly used for safety, to make sure power is off before doing work, and to see if a non-working device is broken vs. an electrical supply problem.

* '''[[w:Plunger|Rubber Plunger]]''' and '''[[w:Plumber's_snake|Snake]]''' - for clearing blockages in household pipes.


&amp;emsp;'''Vehicle Maintenance''' - After their homes, the next most important items for many people are their vehicles.  This includes passenger cars, light trucks, motorcycles, bi- and tricycles (manual and electric), utility trailers, golf carts, riding mowers, and all-terrain vehicles.  Some of the tools above, such as socket wrenches, can be used for maintenance, but a number of more specialized ones are used with vehicles.  These include:

* Tire gauge
* Accessory Tire Inflater
* Battery Charger
* Engine Oil, Grease Gun and other lubricants
* Engine Coolant
* Cleaning supplies

&amp;emsp;When damaged, stripped, or frozen fasteners need to be removed, there are several ways to deal with it.  Dirt and rust can be removed with brushes and rags, or specialty rust remover fluids.  Penetrating spray lubricants and strong wrenches may then be enough to remove them.  Many kinds of '''[[w:Screw_extractor|Extractors]]''' are made for removing screws, nuts, and bolts.  If the hole is too damaged to reuse, it can be re-threaded with taps and dies, an insert or filler material used to patch it, or a new hole drilled nearby.

==&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;4.0 - Workshops and Expansion Sets&lt;/span&gt;==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;List 2 (above) talks about storage and workshop space.  Some homes and most apartments don't have enough spare space for the kinds of projects you want to do, especially if you go beyond basic home improvement/do-it-yourself ones.  The alternatives are to find existing shared workshop space in the community, or to build new shared or private ones.  We discuss the characteristics of workshop buildings in this section first because they need to exist before you can work in them.  The tools needed to actually build them are in lists 17-22 below on construction.  When to actually build a new workshop depends on what you already have available, the need the added space, and outside factors like cost, financing, permits, etc.

&amp;emsp;After workshop needs and features, we continue with a series of expansion set lists of equipment, parts, and supplies.  They are grouped into four categories: Small Indoor, Large Indoor, Outdoor, and Construction.  Each list within a category is specialized according to the kinds of projects and materials being worked with.  The expansion sets are not in a required order where earlier lists are needed before later ones.  They are a set of choices depending on your interests and what you want to do.  Most of them will need some or all of the items from the basic lists above.  Some items can be shared across different project types, so you may want to review the items in related lists.  Within each list the order is from hand to power and larger tools, then materials, parts, and supplies needed.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Workshop Needs and Features&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Workshop buildings are one or more purpose-built structures added to a current property, or on a separate one.  They can be additions attached to an existing building, or detached free-standing structures.  Their size, location, and features depend on what kind of projects are intended.  When planning them, you should consider future growth in addition to current needs.  This can be handled by over-sizing a structure, planning for additions and extensions to it, or adding additional separate structures.

&amp;emsp;There are a number of reasons for a separate workshop.  These include:


* Outgrowing existing home space
* Excessive noise, dust, debris, and fumes
* Power and light requirements
* Better access for vehicles and moving large items


&amp;emsp;Workshops can be specific to one type of craft or activity or more generalized.  Some suggested design features include:


* Sufficient windows or skylights for natural lighting
* Large doors for materials &amp; product delivery
* Sprinklers &amp; fire extinguishers for fire protection
* Strong enough floor for heavy machinery and storage, or deep footings where needed.
* Ample storage area for materials, parts,  supplies, and equipment not currently being used.
* Enough electric power for all equipment, routed via ceiling drops or wall channels for flexibility
* Water supply for clean-up.  
* First aid station.
* Separate office area to keep out dust and dirt, with desk, drawing table, files for record-keeping, etc.


&amp;emsp;The contents of a workshop can be grouped into general items used across multiple activities, and those specific to a particular one.  The layout should consider your workflows.  In general, work starts with delivery of supplies, materials, and parts.  Materials are then converted to finished parts, finishes applied, and assembled into completed items.  Unless the completed items are to be used in the shop, the last step is delivery. 


==&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;5.0 - Small Indoor Projects&lt;/span&gt;==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Wikipedia's '''[[w:Outline_of_crafts|Outline of Crafts]]''', '''[[w:Handicraft|Handicraft]]''', and '''[[w:Fine_art|Fine Art]]''' articles list a number of activity categories.  See '''[https://www.smooth-on.com/applications/ Smooth-On's website]''' for additional categories, and the '''[https://www.dickblick.com/ Blick]''' website for types of tools and supplies.   These can be done for personal enjoyment, creative expression, or to make useful items for personal use or sale.  This section includes starter sets for some that can begin in temporary space like a desk or dining table, or in dedicated space of less than a room in existing living areas.  We include here light arts and crafts, printing and other media, fabrics and leather, jewelry Making, and electronics.  They can mostly start using ordinary room lighting and electric power.  Serious hobby or small business production can grow to need more space and have other physical requirements.

&amp;emsp;The next section (6.0) includes indoor activities and projects that need larger or more dedicated space, power, or other features, and often result in more practical and useful items like furniture and machinery.  Neither section covers every possible activity and project, just some of the more common ones.  For ones not discussed you will need to find some reference books, printed articles, or websites that tell you what is needed to get started.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 3 - Light Arts &amp; Crafts&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;


&amp;emsp;Light arts and crafts involve creative expressions that don't require much power, space, or stationary equipment to start.  Examples are '''[[w:Drawing|Drawing]]''' and art painting, where all the tools and supplies can be hand-carried to work on location rather than at home.

&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Painting|Artistic Painting]]''' is distinguished from the general use of '''[[w:Paint|Paints]]''' for coloring or protection, as in room walls and automobiles.  General paints can be used artistically, but usually artist's paints are specialized types in smaller amounts.  Modern paintings are usually portable on a surface like framed canvas or wood panels.  Fixed paintings are sometimes done on building interiors and exteriors.  Historically some sculptures were painted to make them look more lifelike.  Almost any surface that paint or ink will adhere to or be implanted in can be used. 

&amp;emsp;'''Artistic or Decorative Printing''' includes '''[[w:Linocut|Linocut]]''' and '''[[w:Woodblock_printing|Woodcut]]''' on fabric or paper.  '''[[w:Papier-mâché|Papier-mâché]]''' uses paper or pulp, fabric reinforcement if needed, and glue, starch, or wallpaper paste.  '''[[w:Mixed_media|Mixed Media]]''' are assemblages, collages, and sculpures using more than one type of material or '''[[w:List_of_art_media|Art Medium]]'''.  In addition to some basic tools from prior lists, arts and craft tools can include:


::'''Hand Tools'''


* '''Craft Scissors'''
* '''[[w:Brush|Brushes]]''' - Art, foam, craft and general paint types. 
* '''Single Hole Punch'''
* '''Crafting Needles''' - Including '''[[w:Crochet_hook|Crochet]]''', '''[[w:Knitting_needle|Knitting]]''', '''[[w:Sewing_needle|Sewing]]''', and '''[[w:Sewing_needle|Hand Sewing]]''' types,
* '''Hot-Melt Glue Gun'''


::'''Work Area Items'''


* '''Work Table and Storage''' - These can be existing household or dedicated for arts and craft work.
* '''Art Furniture''' - '''[[w:Easel|Easel]]''', drawing boards, portfolios, carrying cases, and folding tables and chairs for working in a studio or on location.
* '''Surface Protection''' - Newspaper, old bedsheets, dropcloths, plastic tablecloths, or plastic sheeting.
* '''Work Clothes''' - For messy arts and crafts.  An apron, smock,  or old large shirt.
* '''Storage containers and Organizers''' - Both purpose-made, and reused egg cartons, empty boxes, clean cans, jars, and small plastic containers. 


::'''Power Tools'''


* Small Oven - such as a kitchen toaster oven.  For heating or melting small items.


::'''Materials, Parts, and Supplies'''


* '''Drawing''' - colored crayons, chalk, markers, pens, and pencils, drawing paper, pads and sketch books.
* '''Artist's Paints''' - includes oil paints, pastels, watercolors, tempera, acrylics and enamels.
* '''Art Printing''' - ink pad, sponge, brayer, rubber stamps, printing ink, wood blocks, linoleum.
* '''Disposable containers''' - for weighing and mixing powders and liquids, and casting low-temperature resins.  
* '''Disposable stirrers''' - for paint, resin, etc.  These can be bought, leftover plastic utensils, or scrap items.
* '''Aluminum foil''' - to protect surfaces, and liners and containers for items needing oven heating.
* '''Plastic''' - sheets, tubes and blocks from materials like acrylic and high-density polyethylene. 
* '''Casting Materials''' - Plaster of Paris, resins, etc. 


&amp;emsp;Mixed media can use any found items, but basic supplies and containers include:

* '''Fasteners &amp; Adhesives''' - White, decoupage, fabric and wood glues.  Glue sticks, painter's tape, thumbtacks, and hardware fasteners like brads, or nails. 
* '''Textiles''' - Yarn, craft felt, fabric scraps, thread, embroidery floss, muslin, burlap, and wool felt.
* '''Sculptural Materials:''' - Salt and bread doughs.  Modeling, polymer, and air dry clays.  Craft foam and foam rubber.  Chenille stems (pipr cleaners), toothpicks, straws, and craft/popsicle sticks.  Scrap, found, and shaped wood pieces.  Floral and coiled metal wire of various diameters, and larger metal pieces.
* '''String, Bead and Knotwork''' - Cord, string, artificial sinew, fishing line, and thread.  Pony, wood, glass, plastic, and metallic beads.
* '''Decorations''' - such as glitter, pom poms, feathers, cotton balls, googly eyes, and sequins.
* '''Papers''' - Copy, colored construction, wax, colored tissue, bath and  &quot;bleeding&quot; tissue, freezer, crepe, and newsprint (blank or printed).  Paper napkins, towels, and bags.  Contact (adhesive-backed) paper, clear or colored.  Card stock, flat and corrugated cardboard.  Roll white, brown, and tracing paper.
* '''Reused Items''' - such as magazines, junk mail,  netting from produce bags, bubble wrap, packaging peanuts.
* '''Natural Materials''' - such as leaves, sticks, small rocks, acorns &amp; nuts, pine cones, flowers, and seeds &amp; seed pods.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 4 - Printing and Digital Media&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Artistic printing is typically a single or small numbers of items. '''[[w:Printing|Production Printing]]''' is a technology for mass reproduction and distribution of text and images for business, education, and entertainment.  It has a long history of making physical copies like books and newspapers.   Writing and drawing by hand can be done with very simple tools and materials.  But printing in quantity needs specialized equipment for paper, fabric, photographs, and lithographs.

&amp;emsp;Today '''[[w:Electronic_media|Media]]''' of all types are increasingly produced, stored, and distributed by digital electronic methods.  In addition to static text and drawings, digital media includes recording photographs, sound, and video.  It also includes creating digital content wholly electronically.  New creations and recordings can be made, combined, and edited with a variety of suitable computers and software.  These include stationary and portable computers, tablets, and smartphone.  Additional input and output devices are used with them, and the completed items distributed by communication networks or physical media.

&amp;emsp;Depending on the type of printing or digital media projects you want to do, you may need any of the following to get started:


* '''Basic Working Space''' - including furniture and general tools from lists 1 and 2 for setup.
* '''Basic Content Creation''' - this includes technical drawing and basic computing equipment and software from List 2 for text and illustrations, and light arts and crafts items from List 3 for artistic creations.  A basic computing device generally includes some storage, display, keyboard and mouse, and speaker.  These can be merged into a single device, such as laptops and smartphones, or separate components for desktop systems.  They also generally have a network connection - wired, wireless, or both.


::'''Computers and Peripherals'''

* '''Upgraded Computer(s)''' - High-end media creation, editing, and display may need better computers.  This is generally set by the needs of the software and peripherals you will be working with.  For example, if you are doing digital photography, you need enough storage for all the pictures you are editing and saving.  Rendering high-end 3D graphics may require a corresponding graphics card, or even a dedicated computer for the task.  If more than one person is working, you will need multiple computers.
* '''Upgraded Input Devices''' - This includes special keyboards, mouse, joysticks, and touch-sensitive tablets.
* '''Upgraded Displays''' - Some work benefits from larger, multiple, or higher quality displays.
* '''Upgraded Audio''' - This can include higher quality and quantity of speakers, multichannel audio output, and headsets.
* '''External or Networked Storage''' - 
* '''Scanners and Printers''' - These range from basic office types to large format versions.

* '''[[w:Digital_camera|Digital Camera]]''' for photography and video production. A dedicated digital cameras, with accessories like tripods, lights, and microphones, can produce better results than smartphones or webcams.  They have larger lenses and sensors, and more adjustments for focus, zoom, exposure time, etc.  Higher-end cameras have interchangeable lenses for different purposes.

'''[Merge]''' Various accessories and peripherals enhance their capabilities.  Small printers with scanning function can convert between physical and digital forms.  Microphones, lights, dedicated cameras, and other input devices can capture inputs better.

::'''Physical Printing'''

* 4-Color Screen Printing Press, screen printing supplies


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 5 - Fabric and Leather Work&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Textile|Textiles]]''' are fibers commonly used to make '''[[w:Woven_fabric|Woven Fabrics]]'''.  '''[[w:Sewing|Sewing]]''' and related processes then turn fabric into creative and useful items such as clothing, drapery, and bedding.  '''[[w:Leather|Leather]]''' is animal skin treated to prevent decay.  In some cases it can be sewn and used like fabric.  But the thickness, stiffness, and strength of leather often requires different tools, and it gets used for different finished items.


* Sewing Machines with accessories
* Extension Infeed/Outfeed/Cutting Tables
* Overlock Machine
* Embroidery Machine
* Ironing Station
* Fabric - cotton, synthetic, upholstery


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 6 - Jewelry Work&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Jewellery|Jewelry]]''' are decorative items typically made from hard materials like metal and minerals.  Making them involves small-scale '''[[w:Metalworking|Metalworking]]''', often combined with shaping and fastening decorative or high value stones.


* Acetylene torches
* Small metal shear
* Buffing station
* Annealing Pans
* Bench Pins, Small Clamps, Small Anvils &amp; Mandrels (neck, bracelet, finger)


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 7 - Electronics&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Electronics|Electronics]]''' is distinguished from List 21 - Electrical Work in that the latter is mostly done during construction and remodeling, and is mostly to supply and control power for lighting and fixed appliances.  Electronics mostly involves more complex devices than simple on/off current flow. 


::'''Hand Tools'''


&amp;emsp;Add the following tools and equipment if not already on hand, or another set for electronics work:

* Precision Screwdrivers
* '''[[w:Wire_stripper|Wire Stripper]]''' - is designed to cut the insulation from various gauge (diameter) wires without cutting the wire itself.  They usually have built-in cutters to then trim the wire itself to length.
* Pliers - Smaller Diagonal and long nose
* Precision Tweezers
* Eye Loupe - a head-mounted magnifier


::'''Portable Power Tools'''


* '''[[w:Soldering_iron|Soldering Iron]]''' - with assorted tips and sponges.
* Digital Multimeter


::'''Stationary Equipment'''


&amp;emsp;Electronics projects benefit from a dedicated '''Work station'''.  This typically includes a Work Table with a heat-resistant surface, Fume Fan, Universal Vise with standard and circuit board jaws, Third Hand, Test Leads, and a magnifier light.  Additional items can include:


* Digital Microscope
* DC Power Supply
* Oscilloscope/Signal Analyzer
* Function Generator
* Flash Memory - programmer and debugger


::'''Parts, Materials, and Supplies'''


&amp;emsp;Electronics is notable for the wide variety of parts available and used.  To start with some basic items like wire and resistor assortments can be stocked, but the rest should probably be bought as needed for projects.


* '''Discrete Components''' - Assorted Resistors, Capacitors, Choke Coils, Diodes, Transistors, Motor Drivers, Voltage Regulators, Amplifiers, Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Photodetectors
* '''Other Components''' - LCD Displays, Speakers, Microphones, Temperature Sensor, Hall Effect, Accelerometers, Microcontrollers, Frequency Crystals, Radios, Magnets, Buttons &amp; Switches, Headers, Assorted Jacks &amp; Plugs, Ribbon Connectors, Screw Terminals, Battery Holders, USB cables and connectors, Ethernet cables and connectors, Transducers, Small DC Motors and Digital Servos, Power Supplies
* '''Wire''' - General Electrical: single, pair, and grounded types, solder wire, magnet wire, shape memory
* '''Circuit Board substrates'''
* '''Other Supplies''' - Antistatic Bags, Heat Shrink Tubing, Desoldering Braid, Cable Ties, Rubber sheet/feet


==&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;6.0 - Large Indoor Projects&lt;/span&gt;==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;These projects typically require a larger indoor space, like a garage, basement, or freestanding workshop to get started.  This is partly from needing larger shop furniture, stationary machines, materials storage space, and the size of the items being made.  Additional requirements like more power, heavy weights, and heat resistance can make regular living space unsuited.  These lists assume you have most or all of the equipment from the basic sets.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 8 - Woodworking&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Since other animals use wood for tools, they are likely the oldest tools of our ancestors.  Many human artifacts, like houses and furniture, are primarily made from it.  Therefore some tools that can be used for basic '''[[w:Woodworking|Woodworking]]''' were already included in the basic lists 1 and 2 above.  Growing trees (Forestry), converting them to lumber (Logging and Sawmills), and large-scale projects (Carpentry) are specialized enough to have their own lists.  This list covers indoor hobbyist and small-scale business projects like furniture, cabinetry, and decorative items, so it does not include large-scale and outdoor equipment.

&amp;emsp;Prior to the 20th Century, all woodworking was done manually or with the assistance of water, wind, or animal power.  Since then electricity and compressed air have greatly increased the speed and power of tools.  Some woodworkers prefer using hand tools - they are quieter and you can more directly feel what is happening to the wood.  Even those who use lots of power tools sometimes need the hand tools to avoid damage, precise finishing, or getting into small spaces.  Power and stationary tools generally need more room in the workshop, and cost more.  So it is a matter of choice, budget, and shop space for which ones to use.


::'''Reference Material'''


&amp;emsp;If you are new to woodworking, the '''[https://archive.org/details/texts?query=Woodworking&amp;and%5B%5D=lending___status%3A%22available_to_borrow%22&amp;and%5B%5D=lending___status%3A%22is_readable%22&amp;sort=-date Internet Archive]''' has over 400 general books on the subject which are available to download or borrow for two weeks at a time.  This list is sorted newest first.  Books prior to 1950 will tend to focus more on hand tools, because modern power tools were not as common or too expensive for individual use.  You can enter more specialized search terms, which may find other documents.

&amp;emsp;A general '''[https://www.youtube.com/ YouTube]''' search for &quot;woodworking&quot; brings up many results, but you are better off searching for more specific subjects.  A single video is not long enough to cover all of woodworking.  For beginners, we suggest a search term like &quot;beginning woodworking series&quot; to find ones that give a general introduction across several videos.  An example is '''[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRWjFTaHniqMVryvDAQ3771MO6_QQRYXN Start Woodworking]''', with 13 videos taking about 8 hours, which you can watch a little at a time.


::'''Materials, Parts, and Supplies'''


&amp;emsp;Woodworking obviously requires wood to work with.  It comes from trees and larger plants like bamboo.  Wood properties vary widely depending on the source species, growing conditions, and other factors, making every piece unique.  So certain kinds of wood and particular pieces are better suited than others for a project.  There are also artificial products like plywood that can be worked on with the same tools.

&amp;emsp;Commercial lumber is grown and processed into grades of similar type, suited for a category of projects.  When buying, you should inspect and select individual pieces.  For bulk amounts, you should expect some loss from defects, warp, etc.  A knot or split may make a board unsuitable as a full length, but you can cut off the bad parts and use the remainder as a smaller piece.

&amp;emsp;Parts and supplies used in woodworking include a wide variety of fasteners, hardware, glue, and finishes.  An assortment of nails, screws, and a bottle of '''[[w:Wood_glue|Wood Glue]]''' are enough to get started. 


::'''Hand Tools'''


&amp;emsp;The basic tools from lists 1 and 2 are enough to do simple woodworking projects.  These additional tools are useful for more advanced or specialized ones:


* '''[[w:Marking_gauge|Marking Gauge]]''' - single or dual point, for scribing lines parallel to an edge.

* '''More Clamps''' - A woodworkers' saying is &quot;you can never have too many clamps&quot;.  They are used to hold items in place while being shaped, groups of items that need identical cuts or smoothing, drilling aligned holes, and while gluing pieces together.  Types include bar, screw, pipe, locking, spring, rigid C-shape, corner, strap, hose, and others.  Since there are so many kinds, we suggest accumulating them a few at a time from used sources or bought as-needed for a project.

:&amp;emsp;Clamps can also be self-made by (1) taking any length of lumber, fastening two or more blocks to it, then driving a pair of wedges to tighten, (2) wrapping cord around the item, and driving one or more wedges between cords and wood, (3) wrapping cord and twisting a loop of the cord wrapped around a stick to tighten, or (4) placing the item on the floor or a table and placing heavy objects on top.

* '''[[w:Chisel#Woodworking|Woodworking Chisels]]''' have a sharp edge at the end of the blade beveled 25 degrees on one side.  They are either pushed by hand or hit with a '''[[w:Mallet|Mallet]]''', typically wooden so as not to damage the tool handle.  A simple mallet can be made from a tree branch the diameter of the head, with the handle portion trimmed down to size.  A starter set can be either square edge or beveled wood chisels in several widths.  There are a number of other types, like the mortise chisel for cutting grooves, which can be added as needed.  

*'''[[w:Adze|Adzes]]''' have curved blades with a chisel edge and are swung to rough out a shape.  Long-handled ones are used standing on or next to the work, smaller ones are used on bowls and other curved items.  These are specialty tools that can be added if needed.   

* '''[[w:Plane_(tool)|Hand Planes]]''' - These are basically wide chisel blades that slightly protrude through a flat base so as to take thin shavings, with one or two handles.  The blade is positioned so as to preferentially cut high spots in the wood, enabling flattening it.  There are a wide variety of shapes and sizes for different purposes, '''[[w:Scrub_plane|Scrub]]''', '''[[w:Block_plane|Block]]''', '''[[w:Jack_plane|Jack]]''', and '''[[w:Jointer_plane|Jointer]]''' types are enough for general work.  Others can be added as needed.

* '''[[w:Drawknife|Drawknife]]''' and '''[[w:Spokeshave|Spokeshave]]''' - These are two-handled tools used on the pull stroke, generally for shaping round pieces.  The first has a wide, unprotected blade for removing bark and large shavings.  The second has a smaller blade extending a variable amount from the body for finishing work.  The blades may be straight or curved.  One of each type is enough to start.

[[File:Carving_tools_2.jpg|thumb|right|640x380px|Figure 5.5-11 - Woodcarving tools and mallet.]]

* '''[[w:Wood_carving#Tools|Carving Tools]]''' - These are used for more intricate wood shaping than the ones previously mentioned.  Depending on blade size and accuracy they can be driven by hand or a mallet (Fiture 5.5-11).  The carving knife has a short, straight blade, while gouges have longer blades curved across or along them, or are V-shaped.  Sets of assorted tools are available to start with.

* '''[[w:Card_scraper|Cabinet (Card) Scrapers]]''' - Used with a '''[[w:Burnisher|Burnisher]]''' to create a sharp burr for scraping a fine surface on hard or difficult grained wood.

* '''[[w:Wood_finishing|Wood Finishing]]''' - Sandpaper and sanding blocks are in List 1 above.  Once the wood pieces or assembled item is the final shape, there are many finishing methods for appearance or to protect it.  Typically tools like brushes and cloth pads are used to spread the finish and remove excess.  Applying finishes can be messy and involve toxic solvents and media, and workshop dust can contaminate the finish before it dries.  So a separate finishing area with good ventilation, and personal protection like gloves and filter masks are desirable.


::'''Portable Power Tools'''


&amp;emsp;List 2 above included some basic portable power tools.  To these you can add the following:


* Routers: Corded and Cordless, with assorted bits for wood and other materials  - 
* '''[[w:Sander|Power Sanders]]''' -  There are many types of power sanding devices, both portable and stationary, which work faster than hand sanding.  Some can be mounted on other tool types like electric drills or bench grinders.  The portable Belt, Detail, and Orbital types can use different grit size belts and disks.
* Handheld Planer
* Doweling Jig - Used with electric drill to accurately position dowel holes.


::'''Stationary Equipment'''


&amp;emsp;These larger machines can work faster and be more accurate with built-in or accessory guides:


* '''[[w:Table_saw|Table Saw]]''' - A circular saw blade and motor mounted under a table, with adjustments to height and tilt.  They generally have fences and other accessories to control the movement of the item past the blade.  Compared to the portable circular saw in List 2 they are generally more powerful with a larger depth of cut, and easier to set up for repetitive cuts on multiple parts.  A bench-top version may be enough for lighter projects, but should be secured while in use.  Larger versions have a stand or cabinet.  Different blades are available depending on what is being cut.
* '''Jointer'''
* '''Bench Planer'''
* '''Sanders''' - Stationary sanders use a variety of abrasive belts, disks, cylinders, and drums.  Some types will feed the work through the machine, but most require manually moving the work to the abrasive surface.  A medium combination belt and disk sander is a good starting point.
* '''[[w:Bandsaw|Bandsaws]]''' - use a loop of toothed metal strip as the blade, running over two or more motor-driven wheels.  They come in a variety of sizes from bench-top to floor-mounted, with different width and height capacity and motor power.  Different blades are available for various cutting tasks.

[[File:Holzdrechsel.jpg|thumb|right|640x425px|Figure 5.5-N - Woodturning lathe.]]

* '''[[w:Woodturning|Woodturning Lathe and Accessories]]''' - Turning makes symmetrical wood shapes mainly using a wood lathe and long-handled chisels, gouges, and scrapers.  Various holding devices are used with the lathe, according to the size and shape of the item being turned.  Finishing operations like sanding can also be done while the piece is still mounted.
* '''Scroll Saw''' - With assorted blades
* '''Drill Press''' - This is an electric drill mounted to a column and base, with an adjustable table.  Compared to a portable drill they are more powerful and accurate.  There are many sizes and variations, with the chuck axis-to-column distance being a key measurement since it sets the maximum distance a hole can be from the edge of a part.  An 8 inch (200mm) version clamped to a workbench may be enough for smaller projects.  Larger versions are floor-mounted, and some can move and tilt the drill head for better access.
* '''Router''': Table and CNC

* '''[[w:Dust_collector|Dust Collection System]]''' - A simple version is a wet/dry '''[[w:Vacuum_cleaner#Wet/dry|Shop Vacuum]]''' on wheels which is brought to whatever machine is being used.  The machines may have fittings installed for the vacuum's hose.  A more advanced version has pipes installed around the workshop that lead to a larger stationary vacuum system that has a separator for dust and larger chips.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 9 - Metal Fabrication&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Metalworking|Metalworking]]''' and woodworking can share some of the same basic equipment, such as workbenches and vises.  Basic metal fabrication is covered in this list.  It involves working with thinner sheet metal at room temperature, and where high accuracy is not required.  Larger and thicker pieces require heating to soften or melt the material for forging or casting.  Ceramics also require high temperatures, so we group them with blacksmithing and foundry into list 10: Hot Work.  Machine Shop Work can produce highly accurate finished parts, but needs a different set of equipment.  So it is separated as list 11.  Equipment needs can draw from all three lists depending on project needs. 


::'''Reference Material'''


&amp;emsp;The '''[https://archive.org/details/texts?query=Metalworking&amp;and%5B%5D=lending___status%3A%22available_to_borrow%22&amp;and%5B%5D=lending___status%3A%22is_readable%22 Internet Archive]''' lists about 50 general books on metalworking which can be downloaded or borrowed for 14 days.  You can find additional works using more specific search words like &quot;welding&quot; or &quot;sheet metal&quot;, then selecting for &quot;Always Available&quot; and &quot;Borrow for 14 days&quot;.  The other types of reference and training sources, like paper books, instructional videos, etc. are also available.


::'''Materials, Parts, and Supplies'''


&amp;emsp;Metal is of course required for metalwork.  Scrap and auto salvage yards, recycling stations, and discarded appliances are cheap sources for basic metals.  Auto and other types of repair shops may have scrap bins.  Retailers like home improvement, hardware, and online stores stock some metal stock and fasteners.  Dedicated metal and industrial suppliers have larger selections and can be found in most cities.

* Welding rods or wire spools
* Sand blasting media


::'''Shop Furniture'''


* '''Steel Welding Table''' - with magnetic welding squares, for grounding and magnetically clamping workpieces.  This should be located away from combustible materials. 
* '''Portable Welding Screens''' - to protect other people and equipment.


::'''Hand Tools'''


* Welding Clamps -
* '''Chain Vise''' - Used to hold round or irregular shapes so they can be cut or drilled.
* Forming Hammers and Dollies - Also known as &quot;auto body&quot; tools.  These have various hammer head and metal block shapes to create complex curves or flatten sheet metal.  The tools used by jewelers and blacksmiths work similarly, but are smaller and larger respectively.
* Benders - Hand bar, strip, and tube types. Hydraulic Pipe &amp; Bar Bender
* Blind Riveter and Rivet Set - for setting expanding or solid '''[[w:Rivet|Rivet]]''' fasteners.
* Scriber and ink - for accurate marking for cutting and drilling.
* Soapstone pencils - for marking metal
* Chipping Hammer &amp; Stiff Wire Brushes - for removing slag and cleaning surfaces while welding.


::'''Portable Power Tools'''


'''WARNING''' - Many types of welding produce harmful UV light, fumes, and hot sparks, and all produce a lot of heat.  You should therefore have suitable goggles, face mask, respirator, gloves, cap, and heat-protective clothing like gloves and aprons.  Some welders require dedicated or upgraded electric power to operate.  Electric types have shock risk, and all type have fire risk.  Work areas should be well ventilated against fumes and heat build-up.  Basic welding machines include:

* '''[[w:Spot_welding|Spot Welder]] - for sheet metal.
* '''[[w:Flux-cored_arc_welding|Flux Core Arc Welder]]''' - also called &quot;Shielded Metal Arc Welding&quot; (SMAW) a light-duty A.C. unit with sticks or spool feed is enough to start working with thicker steel sections.  
* '''MIG &amp; TIG Welders''' - These use a separately supplied inert shielding gas like CO2 or argon.  MIG uses a consumable weld wire as the electrode, while TIG uses a tungsten electrode and a separate stick or wire weld feed.
* '''Torch Welding''' - These use a fuel-air or fuel-oxygen torch.  The hot flame melts the material, into which a weld rod can be fed.  Torches can also be used for rough cutting.  These require gas tank suppliers nearby.  A friction or long-handled lighter is needed.

* '''Plasma Cutters''' - hand &amp; CNC
* '''Power Hand Shears &amp; Nibbler'''
* '''Impact Drivers &amp; Wrenches''' - These tools accept hex-shank bits and square drive sockets respectively.  They apply rotary blows to the chuck for extra tightening and loosening forces.  Bits and sockets should be designed for impact use to prevent breakage.


::'''Stationary Equipment'''


* '''Abrasive Cut-Off Saw''' - Also called a '''Chop Saw'''.  For cutting metal thicker than sheet, tubing, or pipe to length.
* '''[[w:Abrasive_blasting|Sand Blaster]]''' - Uses compressed air to blow high velocity sand or other media at a surface to clean or finish it.  The effect is similar to paper and wheel abrasives, but can be used for larger and more intricate items.
* '''[[w:Brake_(sheet_metal_bending)|Brakes]]''' - are used to bend sheet metal.  The finger type can bend and fold selected parts of an edge.  These come in hand and powered versions depending on size and thickness of the bend.
* '''Sheet Metal Shears''' - In addition to the left, straight, and right compound hand snips, and portable power shears and nibblers, the stationary '''[[w:Shear_(sheet_metal)|Sheet Metal Shears]]''' can handle larger and thicker sheets.  This includes the bench, foot, power and  compound throatless types.
* '''[[w:Roll_bender|Roll Benders]]''' - can form cylindrical and conical shapes using three rollers that are either parallel or with one at a slight angle.
* '''Shop Press''' - For applying large forces for bending, shaping, or setting fasteners.  Arbor presses use gears for mechanical advantage, while hydraulic presses use fluid pressure. '''[[w:Ironworker_(machine)|Ironworkers]]''' are heavy duty machines using hydraulic or flywheel power to cut, punch, or shape thicker materials while cold.  Hot work equipment from list 10 is used to soften metals when cold work becomes too difficult.
* '''Parts Washer'''

===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 10 - Hot Work: Blacksmith, Foundry, and Ceramics&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;'''CAUTION''' - All of these involve high temperatures, so either an outdoor or specially designed indoor area should be used.  Good ventilation and fireproof/heat-protecting clothes are recommended.


'''&lt;u&gt;Blacksmithing&lt;/u&gt;'''


&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Blacksmith|Blacksmithing]]''' is the general term for shaping thicker and heavier metal pieces while hot, but also for working iron and steel particularly.  There are specialty names like '''[[w:Tinsmith|Tinsmith]]''' and '''[[w:Silversmith|Silversmith]]''' for working other metals either cold or hot.  A minimal starter set requires a heat source (forge/furnace), a gripping tool to hold the hot metal without getting burned, a hammer, and a thick piece of metal (anvil) to hammer the heated metal on.  While basic work can be done with general-purpose tools, blacksmith's tools are specialized for this purpose.  In addition to the special tools, basic ones like chisels and punches are also used.

* '''Forge/Furnace''' - A '''[[w:Forge|Blacksmith's Forge]]''' heats thicker pieces of metal with fire so they can be shaped with cold impact tools and surfaces.  Coal or charcoal are the traditional fuels.  Modern heaters use propane, natural gas, electric coils or induced currents with an insulated chamber.  '''[[w:Fire_brick|Fire Brick]]''', made from minerals with high melting points are commonly used as liners in both, although natural clay will work with more heat loss.  Fire brick is only moderately insulating, so the liner is sometimes backed with other materials like fiber blankets to reduce heat loss.

:&amp;emsp;The forge or furnace structure is typically steel or common brick, which are fireproof.  A variable air supply increases combustion rate and temperature for fuel-powered versions.  Pre-made forges and furnaces can be bought, but assembling one from common items like sheet metal, fireplace bricks, and hair dryers is not difficult.  Judging the metal temperature by color is important, so a shaded area is typically used.  Impurities in coal are toxic, so good ventilation is needed when using it.

* '''Tongs &amp; Rakes''' - Blacksmith's tongs have long handles with high leverage.  Their length keeps hands out of the heat, and leverage is needed to hold heavy metal pieces.  A variety of jaw shapes are used to fit the piece being picked up.  For very heavy objects, an integral handle or the object's length keeps one end cool enough to grip.  It gets removed later.  Small rakes and shovels, which can be self-made, are used to remove coal ash (clinkers), or to move solid fuel around and over the piece.

[[File:Hammer_collection_(49844506846).jpg|thumb|right|640x427px|Figure 5.5-12 - Various hammer types.]]

* '''Hammers''' - These come in various sizes and shapes for hand shaping the heated metal (Figure 5.5-12).  They include the simple one-handed square-head  '''[[w:Sledgehammer|Sledgehammer]]''', '''[[w:Ball-peen_hammer|Ball Peen]]''', and other '''[[w:Ball-peen_hammer#Variants|Wedge]]''' or flat heads.  The two basic sets already include some hammers.  For blacksmithing a one-handed sledge and two sizes of ball-peen are enough to get started.  Others can be added as needed.  For heavy-duty work, trip hammers use a foot pedal to raise and then release a heavier hammer, and power hammers use motors and flywheels or hydraulics to produce greater forces.

* '''Anvils and Blocks''' - '''[[w:Anvil|Anvils]]''' are heavy steel blocks shaped specifically for blacksmithing.  '''[[w:Swage_block|Swage Blocks]]''' have various holes, indentations, and grooves to hammer into.  They are often used with complementary hammers.  These specialized tools are fairly expensive.  Any heavy piece of steel can be used to start with, such a length of scrap railroad track, square or cylindrical blocks, or a section of thick plate.  All of these should be mounted at a comfortable height on a stable impact-resistant stand.  A vertical log buried partway into soil or a tree stump still in place are traditional methods.

[[File:Silversmithing_anvils_and_hammers.jpg|thumb|right|400x600px|Figure 5.5-13 - Hammers and forming stakes.]]

* '''Stakes''' are various shapes attached to a rod or bar which fit into a hole in an anvil or metal plate (Figure 5.5-13).  For example used steel balls from a '''[[w:Ball_mill|Ball Mill]]''' welded to a bar can be used for compound curves.  Straight pins inserted into a plate can be used for bending, typically with a length of pipe for leverage.  Since blacksmiths make metal items, they can make some of these themselves. 

[[File:Fort_Jackson_2012_-_panoramio_(23).jpg|thumb|right|400x600px|Figure 5.5-14 - Blacksmith's leg vise.]]

* '''Leg Vise''' - This is a large sturdy vise with a leg that extends to solid ground (Figure 5.5-14).  This allows heavy hammering or bending without damaging the workbench or other support it is attached to.  Either the workpiece or a shaping tool can be clamped in the vise.

* Quenching and Sand Buckets - the former rapidly cools workpieces, which results in a different crystal structure than slow cooling (annealing) in a furnace or sand.


'''&lt;u&gt;Foundry&lt;/u&gt;'''  


&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Foundry|Foundry Work]]''' involves melting metal and pouring it into a prepared mold to cool.  Depending on the metal it can require higher temperatures than blacksmithing, which only requires heating until soft enough to shape.  In addition to the furnace, tools needed include

* '''[[w:Crucible|Crucibles]]''' - Containers designed to hold heated or melted materials.  Some have handles, but many a simple bowl shapes, sometimes with lids.  They require special tongs or lifting tools to insert and remove from the furnace, and pour molten material.

* '''Casting Molds''' - There are many types of molds.  '''[[w:Sand_casting|Sand Casting]]''' uses a parted box filled with damp sand mixed with a bonding agent.  Patterns and additional cores are pressed between the box parts, then removed.  This leaves a void the shape of the desired casting, and holes for the metal to pour in and hot gases to escape.


'''&lt;u&gt;Ceramics&lt;/u&gt;'''


&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Ceramic|Ceramics]]''' are shaped at room temperature, then heated in an enclosed furnace to make their shape permanent.  Typically they use inorganic materials like clay.  It takes time to reach the required high temperatures and gradual heating and cooling is generally needed to avoid breakage.  So furnaces are generally either thick-walled or insulated to reduce heat loss.

* Kiln - A type of furnace for longer-term heating than metal casting.


::'''Parts, Materials, and Supplies'''


&amp;emsp;These include clays for ceramics, metal for shaping and casting, machinable wax for lost-wax casting.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 11 - Machine Shop Work&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Traditional '''[[w:Machine_shop|Machine Shops]]''' practiced &quot;Subtractive Manufacturing&quot;, where stock material is turned into a finished part by removing the material.  Modern '''[[w:3D_printing|3D Printing]]''' uses the opposite method of &quot;Additive Manufacturing&quot;, where material is added to make a finished part.  Both depend on accurate tools and machines in order to produce accurate parts.  Accurate parts, in turn, are needed in machines where they must fit together, or move and rotate for long periods of time.  

&amp;emsp;While some machine shop work can be done with hand tools, the majority is usually done with special-purpose machines, which are themselves mostly made using other machine tools.  One way to obtain accuracy is using thick and rigid machine tool parts.  This makes them heavy.  So the workshop needs a suitably strong floor, such as a thicker concrete slab than for residential use.


::'''Shop Furniture'''


* '''Heavy Duty Workbench''' - Building and maintaining machines involves heavy metal parts.  So one or more suitable workbenches are needed when the machines or their parts don't stand directly on the floor.  Some have a metal plate top for durability, but for smaller and more delicate parts a wood top can be used.

* '''Storage''' - Like other crafts and project types, machine shop work requires storage for parts, materials, and supplies, and in addition hand tools, cutting bits, and machine tool accessories.  Nearly all of this will be metal, which is heavy, so storage should be very sturdy.  

&amp;emsp;Precision measuring tools need dust-proof storage with soft liners to avoid damage.  They often have custom cases for this purpose. Cutting tools should be stored in a way they don't damage each other and other tools, so loose in a drawer or box is not recommended.  They can be wrapped in cloth, or use racks, dividers or individual boxes to keep them apart.  


::'''Holding Tools'''


[[File:ViceBench-insetSoftJaws.jpg|thumb|right|640x444px|Figure 5.5-15 - Machinist's Bench Vise on metal-top workbench with insert shown.]]

* '''Bench Vise''' - One or more heavy duty vises are typically mounted to the workbench with the jaws overhanging the edge, so that tall items can be clamped.  Various inserts are used to hold different shapes, or are made of softer materials to not damage the item (Figure 5.5-15).  Some vises have a small built-in anvil.  If any hammering is to be done on the vise, it should be mounted over a bench leg.

* '''Machinist's Clamps''' - Machine tools often have slots in their tables in the shape of an inverted &quot;T&quot;.  Inverted bolts and specialty '''[[w:T-slot_nut|T-slot Nuts]]''' can be inserted, then bars and other clamping devices can be bolted down.  Toolmaker's clamps have parallel-jaws and two screws to hold items together.  These would be in addition to the vise and other clamps from previous sets.

[[File:TruLockMachineVice.jpg|thumb|right|640x378px|Figure 5.5-16 - Machine vice with angle scale bolted to mill bed.]]

* '''Machine Vise''' - Bolted to a machine tool to hold a part while being worked on (Figure 5.5-16).  These are either plain or have rotation and tilt motions.  Often used with other clamps and fixtures for precise positioning.
* '''V-Blocks''' - with clamps are used to hold round or irregular shapes when drilling or cutting.
* '''Setup Blocks''' - Often 1-2-3&quot; and 2-4-6&quot; sizes for ease of setting up exact inch positions.  These can either be plain or drilled and threaded.
* '''[[w:Parallels_(engineering)|Parallel Bars Set]]''' - To support work above vise jaws or at offset positions while staying parallel to the machine table.  Often used in combination with other setup blocks.
* '''Angle Plate''' - Used to hold a part at a measured angle to a machine table.
* '''[[w:Magnetic_switchable_device|Magnetic Holders]]''' - have a switchable magnetic field to temporarily hold an item in a fixed position, typically for taking measurements, centering, or machining.  They are an alternative to clamps and vises, but care should be taken that they have enough holding force for the task.


::'''Measurement Tools'''


* '''Solar Scientific Calculator''' - For general calculations.  Since some machinist calculations involve trigonometry and circular areas, it should have these higher functions.  It should also have a case or be stored in a clear zip up baggie to protect it.
* '''Toolmaker's Squares''' - These include plain right angle squares in different sizes, and combination squares for centering and angle setting.  These are more solid and accurately made than the same tools for woodworking.
* '''Radius and Feeler Gauges''' - Radius gauges use a bright light to detect if a part matches the curve of the gauge.  Feeler gauges are made to accurate thicknesses to measure small gaps.
* '''Thread Pitch Gauge''' - Has leaves with tooth profiles to determine the size of threads on an existing part.
* '''Taper Gauge Set''' - These have sloped widths or thicknesses with a scale.  Sets have several pieces to cover a wider size range.
* '''[[w:Wiggler_(tool)|Edge and Center Finders]]''' - Also called &quot;wigglers&quot; after how they work.  Used to find the center or edge of a part, after which a precise offset can be set with a machine's handwheel or electronic scales.
* '''[[w:Micrometer_(device)|Micrometers]]''' - These use a calibrated screw for accurate measurements.  They come in different size ranges and for measuring outside, inside, and depth lengths.  Start with a 0-1 inch/25 mm outside micrometer and add others as needed.
* '''Telescoping Bore Gages''' - Have a pair of heads that expand to measure inside diameter or width.  Used with a micrometer to set or read their width.
* '''Thread Wire Measuring Set''' - Uses two wires on one side and one on the other plus a micrometer to accurately measure the size of a threaded part.
* '''Toolmaker's Dividers''' - with rigid legs and spring.  To transfer measurements and draw arcs on inked parts.
* '''Calipers''' - with outside and inside jaws.  These use either a dial or digital display for accurate readings.
* '''Dial Indicator''' - with magnetic base.  Works similar to a caliper but measures from a reference surface to a probe.
* '''Surface Plate''' - Highly accurate flat surface, typically granite or cast iron.  Used as a reference surface for other measuring tools, setups, and marking of parts before cutting.
* '''Machinist's Level''' - A precision spirit (bubble) level for leveling machine tools and other surfaces.
* '''Adjustable Parallels Set''' - 0.375-2.25&quot; for measuring and setting exact widths and offsets
* '''Gage Block Set''' - Highly accurate blocks which are stacked to produce exact lengths.  Typically used to check the accuracy of other measuring devices rather than direct use.
* '''Sine Bar''' - This is two accurate cylinders connected to a bar so that angles can be calculated or set by the mathematical sine of a triangle formula.
* '''Coordinate Measuring Machine'''
* '''Optical Comparator'''


::'''Marking Tools'''

* '''Industrial Marker''' - These use heat and oil-resistant ink for marking and layout.
* '''Layout Fluid &amp; Brush''' - For more durable layout marks.  Either commercial, or denatured alcohol/shellac/fabric dye mix.
* '''Scriber, Carbide Tipped''' - For scratching lines onto metal parts.
* '''Prick and Center Punches''' - Prick punches are smaller and used for marking exact points on a part.  Center punches are heavier and struck like chisels to make a starter hole for drill bits.
* '''Transfer Punches''' - These come in sets of different diameters, and are used to transfer the centers of one or more holes from one part to another.


::'''Assembly Tools'''


&amp;emsp;Assembly tools like screwdrivers and socket wrenches were included in the basic sets.  These are in addition:

* Torx/Star Key Wrenches T6-T50
* Engineer's Straight Edges


::'''Cutting &amp; Abrasive Tools


* '''[[w:Tap_and_die|Tap and Die Sets]]''' - Includes handles and individual taps and dies.  Used for cutting matching inside and outside screw threads.
* '''Reamers''' - Hand and Expanding.  Uses tap handle for turning.  Finishes a hole to an exact size.
* '''Center Drills''' - Used in a lathe to drill a center hole in the part for the '''[[w:Tailstock|Tailstock]]''' to fit into.
* '''[[w:Hand_scraper|Hand Scrapers]]''' - Used with or to make surface plates and produce precision surfaces.


::'''Stationary Subtractive Machines'''


[[File:Sharp_3_Axis_Vertical_Mill_Full_View.jpg|thumb|right|358x599px|Figure 5.5-16 - Vertical milling machine with manual positioning, electronic readout, and Kurt machine vise to hold parts being milled.]]

* '''Vertical and Horizontal Milling Machines''' - These are described by the rotating axis of the tool head.  Movements can be manual or computer (CNC) controlled.  They require accessory tool and workpiece holders, and an assortment milling cutters.  Vertical mills are typically smaller and lower power.  A compound (2 axis) slide table added to a medium drill press may be enough to get started, but a floor-mounted mill will be more accurate and can handle larger parts.  Desktop CNC mills can be used for small items, but are lower power and therefore slower.

[[File:Tornio_piccolo.jpg|thumb|right|640x407px|Figure 5.5-17 - Small Bench Lathe.]]

* '''Metal Lathe''' - These are heavier and more powerful than wood-cutting lathes, with higher accuracy.  They are described by the maximum diameter and length of the parts they can work, such as 7x14 inches.  A small bench-top one may be enough to start.  Larger ones require custom tables or are floor-mounted.  Lathes can be manually or computer (CNC) controlled.  Combination machines exist that do both milling and lathe work if space is at a premium

* '''Lathe &amp; Mill Accessories''' - Lathes and mills use a variety of cutting tools and need specialized holders for them due to the cutting forces.  Industrial machine tools use cutting oils to remove heat and chips.  For small projects a brush or oil can and hand application may be enough.  For larger ones a steady feed of oil and chip removal is needed.  Oil can be filtered and reused, but metal chips are sharp and should be carefully disposed of.  CNC type machines need a computer and suitable software to prepare the instructions or directly control the machines.  The '''[[w:Center_gauge|Center Gauge]]''' is used to align thread-cutting tools perpendicular to the part.

* '''Industrial Drill Press''' - These are larger and heavier than woodworking drill presses, typically floor mounted with gear rather than belt drives.  Some come equipped with cross-slide or rotating tables, or these can be added as accessories.  Others have swivel and tilt heads for large and heavy parts where it is easier to move the head than the part being drilled.  One or more sets of metal-cutting drill bits with different diameters and lengths are needed to start with.

* '''Horizontal Metal Bandsaw''' - For cutting larger metal bars or blocks to length.
* '''Vertical Heavy-Duty Bandsaw''' - For rough cutting curved metal sections.
* '''Surface Grinder''' - Produces flat surfaces by moving a part horizontally under a grinding wheel.
* '''[[w:Electrical_discharge_machining|EDM Machine]]''' - Electrical discharge machining uses sparks across an insulating fluid to remove material and shape a part.


* Laser Cutter/Engraver

::'''Additive Machines'''

* 3D printers - various kinds for making parts and patterns.

==&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;7.0 - Outdoor Projects&lt;/span&gt;==
&amp;emsp;


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 12 - Yard Work&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;A '''[[w:Yard_(land)|Yard]]''' commonly means the area of land surrounding a house, typically in suburban areas.  In urban areas, residences may have little or no yard area.  Properties larger than a few acres (1 hectare) can be called &quot;acreage&quot; if mostly undeveloped, and a large house with lots of outside improvements on multiple acres is called an '''[[w:Estate_(land)|Estate]]'''.  This list covers items for self-maintenance of suburban yards, or maintenance of yards for others on a small-business scale.  Typical yards have mostly grass, some trees, and decorative plants and ground cover.


::'''Hand Tools'''


* '''Brooms and Dustpans''' - For sweeping paved areas and picking up the resulting piles.  Includes Wide push, upright sweep, and wide dustpan.
* '''Rakes''' - Leaf, Bow, and Thatch
* '''Lawn Edger''' - Used to keep grass and roots from encroaching on paved or other types of surfaces.
* '''Hedge Trimmer''' - Large scissors used to trim hedge plantings or decorative bushes.  '''Pruning Shears''' have shorter blades with more leverage for cutting thicker or harder stems.
* '''Wheelbarrow''' - For general moving of bulk or heavier items.
* '''[[w:Hatchet|Hatchet]]''' - A combination tool with a sharp blade on one side and a hammer head on the other.  An example use is trimming a branch to make a stake then pounding it in.
* '''Lopper and Pruning Saw''' - Loppers have long handles with short blades, sometimes with compound action.  Can cut saplings and branches up to 2 inches (5 cm) for the largest version by working around the stem until severed.  Pruning saws are hand saws with teeth designed to cut living wood, and can cut somewhat larger branches in crowded areas.  Large branches should be cut partway from below with two cuts removing a wedge, then finished from above.  This prevents a split from damaging the main stem or trunk, and makes a more controlled fall for the branch.
* Tree Pruner - Levered cutter and saw blade on a long pole.  For reaching higher than the lopper or pruning saw.
* Garden Hose - With plain or pistol nozzle.
* Water Buckets, Gasoline, and Propane containers for carrying beyond hose range or safely storing fuels.


::'''Portable Power Tools'''


* '''Blowers''' - Leaf (gas and electric), small electric for corners.  A riding mower with side discharge can both chop up and blow leaves into piles or rows for pickup.
* '''Power Edger''' - Does the same tasks as lawn edger but with fuel engine, electric, or battery power for larger areas.
* '''Power Hedge Trimmer''' - Typically electric with a reciprocating blade for cutting larger amounts of hedge plants.
* '''Pressure Washer''' - Uses high pressure water, sometimes with additives like soap, to clean exterior surfaces.
* String Trimmers - For cutting grass or weeds around fixed objects that mowers can't reach and not damaging them.  Alternately herbicides, woven or sheet weed barriers, and solid objects can prevent growth in these areas.
* Brush cutter - has a cutting blade for weeds to saplings for clearing new yard areas or woods.  Some models can change heads with string trimmers.


::'''Mobile Equipment'''


* Lawnmower - Gas or electric, push or riding.  The type of mower depends on the size of the yard and what obstacles have to be worked around.  Larger versions can tow a yard/dump cart.


::'''Materials, Parts, and Supplies'''


* '''[[w:Mulch|Mulch]]''' - A layer of material applied to the surface of soil. It can be applied around structures, plantings, and trees to make maintenance easier, conserve moisture, improve fertility, reduce erosion, and for looks.  Ground covers can be artificial, like landscape fabric, inorganic like gravel, organic like wood chips, or living plants which are close to the ground.  Organic mulches can be self-made on-site from items like fallen leaves and branches which are shredded or composted.

* '''Lawn Supplies''' - Depending on the current and desired condition of a yard, this can include topsoil, organic material, and other soil additives to improve the quality, grass seed, fertilizers, pest controls, and herbicides.  It can be much easier to work with the natural soil and climate conditions than to force a specific lawn type.  For example, a grass/clover mix will self=fertilize since clover can fix nitrogen from the air 


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 13 - Gardening&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;


&amp;emsp;Gardening is distinguished from general yard work by intentionally planting and growing plants for food or aesthetic reasons.  Yard work is more basic exterior maintenance to suppress weeds, maintain access, and reduce vermin.  There is overlap between the two, but gardening typically has more specialized tools. 


* Forks - Spading, Garden, and Pitch
* Bulb Planter
* Cultivator - Hand &amp; Long Handle
* Hand Trowel
* Hand Weeder
* Hoe - Garden, Action, and Fingered
* Serrated Root Cutter - shovel, hand sizes
* Tillers - For breaking up and mixing soil.  These range from hand tools to gas and electric wheeled machines.
* Compost pile - 


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 14 - Digging and Landscaping&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;


&amp;emsp;This list is for more extensive excavation and contouring land for drainage and looks, and installing permanent additions like steps, walls, and fences.


* Shovels &amp; Spades - Assorted sizes.  A shovel has a rounded and more angled blade and is used at a lower angle.  A spade has a flatter and in-line blade and is used vertically for trenches and other straight-sided digging.
* Power Auger
* Digging Bars - Assorted sizes
* Soil Tamper
* Pick Axe - Heavy point and lever head, for heavy &amp; rocky soil.  Resembles cutter mattock.
* Cutter Mattock - Perpendicular root cutter &amp; medium digging/levering blades for roots.
* Post Hole Digger 


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 15 - Forestry&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

* Hand Axes - Felling Axe for cutting trees, smaller Camp axe for trimming and notching branches.
* Saws - '''[[w:Bucksaw|Bucksaw]]''' for cutting smaller logs to length.  The '''[[w:Bow_saw|Bow Saw]]''' typically has a narrower blade and smaller frame for branches and working in tight spaces.  The electric or fuel-powered '''[[w:Chainsaw|Chainsaw]]''' is for cutting larger trees down and to size.  '''WARNING''' all serious timber cutting is very dangerous due to powerful machines with exposed teeth, and the weight of falling or shifting trees and branches.  It should never be done alone or without some training.  Methods like anchor ropes/chains can pull down trees from a safe distance.  If you are at all unsure, hire professionals with the right equipment and experience.
* Bark Tools - Spud, Bark Scraper/Pry Bar, Power Debarker


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 16 - Farming&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;


==&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;8.0 - Construction Projects&lt;/span&gt;==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Construction generally follows a sequence of steps, some of which may be skipped if not needed.  The exact order of tasks depends on the design and access needed, so the lists in this section are not a strict sequence, but rather grouped by trade and skills.  The main steps include:

* '''Plans and Permits''' - Before physical work, design of the project, including making sure outside access and utilities will be available, what site features currently exist that may need to be changed or worked around, then obtaining needed permission such as building permits.
* '''Site Work''' - This includes clearing, surveying, marking out, grading, compacting, and excavation, and providing temporary utilities and sanitation if needed.
* '''Substructure and Foundations''' - These are the items that end up at or under ground level when complete, such as drainage, utility lines, and the building foundation.
* '''Main Structure and Large Items''' - Walls, floors, roof, external doors and windows; and also items like heating and ventilation systems and bathtubs that are too large to install later.
* '''Internal Utilities and Services''' - These are items like electrical and plumbing that will later be hidden by finished walls.
* '''Finishing''' - The final surfaces, cabinets, interior doors, fixtures, and appliances that will be visible and used.

&amp;emsp;How many of the steps you can do yourself vs hiring contractors depends on your skills, crew size, and how often you expect to do it.  Earlier work like excavation generally needs larger and more expensive equipment than later steps like finishing.  So when starting out in construction we suggest contracting out the bigger steps.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 17 - General Construction&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Besides basic tools from Lists 1 and 2, some general equipment is used across multiple phases of construction projects.  We try to list those here, and more specialized items in the later lists.


::'''Measurement Tools'''

* '''[[w:Chalk_line|Chalk Line]]''' - For marking out straight lines by snapping a chalked string against a surface.
* Measuring Tapes &amp; Wheels - 10-100m (30-300 foot) Tapes for measurements and layout.
* Transits - Builder's and Surveyors, for vertical and property measurement.


* Bullhorn
* Portable Radios
* Rubber Boots
* Cold Weather Gear
* Folding Chairs
* Coolers - Drink, Food
* Tables - Plan, Portable
* Extension Cords, Multi-Plug Adapters, &amp; Power Strips
* Work Lights
* Water Pump - Trash type.  For removing water after rain or from holes.
* Drop Cloths &amp; Tarps - Painter's (Canvas, Plastic), Vinyl Cargo, Polyethylene
* Weather Protection - For workers and worksites.  Can be manufactured, or rigged from tarps, lumber with nails or screws at one or both ends as poles, anchor ropes, and either heavy objects like concrete blocks or ground stakes/anchors to secure the ropes.
* Cleanup - Brooms, dust pans, trash cans &amp; bags (can also use empty boxes)
* Extension Poles - for tools and props
* Fans - Box, Pedestal, Drum
* Portable Generator
* Warning cones, signs, safety and erosion fencing, security equipment, safety vests

* Seam Roller - has multiple uses for roofing, carpet, and wallpaper.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 18 - Carpentry&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Carpentry includes wood framing, roofing, structural metalwork, fireplaces, and drywall.  Drywall is typically left until after internal utilities and services are installed.

* Hammers - '''[[w:Framing_hammer|Framing Hammers]]''' are larger and heavier than claw hammers, for driving large nails into wood-frame construction.
* Nail Guns - Assorted sizes.  These drive nails with electric or air power, when large numbers or faster work is desired.
* Drywall Square
* Drywall Saw
* '''[[w:Glass_cutter|Glass Cutter]]''' - for trimming window and other glass to size.


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 19 - Masontry &amp; Concrete&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;


* Hammers - Brick, Engineer, Sledge
* Chisels - Assorted types and sizes Brick, Concrete, Mason, Stone, Tile, Star Point.   Hand protectors &amp; Offset Holders as needed 
* Trowels - Pointing, Brick, Rectangular
* Mortar Hoe - with holes to aid mixing
* Mixers - Hand, electric blade, wheeled or trailer electric or fueled for larger amounts.  Very large amounts typically use mixer truck delivery.
* Mud Tray and Hawk - for holding smaller amounts of mortar for troweling

* '''SDS Type Hammer Drill''' - 


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 20 - Plumbing&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

* Pipe and Tubing Cutters
* Pipe Threading Taps &amp; Dies - 


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 21 - Electrical&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

* '''Insulated Screwdrivers''' - To prevent electrical shocks.  Generally power should be off while doing electrical work, so this is a safety measure in case it accidentally isn't.
* '''Electric Circuit, Outlet, and Breaker Testers'''


===&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large; font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;List 22 - Finishing&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Construction finishes are the final visible parts of a building after the structural, mechanical, and hidden utilities are installed.

::'''Finish Carpentry'''

&amp;emsp;This includes interior doors, cabinets, countertops, closet interiors, wood flooring, baseboards, and moldings.

::'''Paint and Wall Coverings'''

* Combination and Razor Scrapers
* Hand Sander
* Can Hook &amp; Key
* Paint Brushes &amp; Comb
* Roller Tray &amp; Liners, Roller Handles, Roller Brushes, 
* Paints and stains as needed per job.

* Wallpaper Paste and Smoothing Brushes

::'''Plumbing and Electrical Fixtures'''

&amp;emsp;This includes items like sinks and faucets, wall outlets, ceiling lights, and built-in electronics.  It also includes installing built-in and free-standing appliances.

::'''Flooring and Tile'''

&amp;emsp;This includes flooring other than wood, such as carpet, sheet, and floor tiles.  It also includes other tile work such as kitchens and bathrooms.

* Caulk Gun
* Putty Knives - Assorted sizes
* Drywall Trowels - Narrow &amp; Wide
* Pole Sander
* Floor Buffer
* Floor Scraper


&lt;/div&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ggee9uoxmokn4ohmi4inz6hxhai8d17</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>DIY Book Scanner</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>291390</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088327</id>
      <parentid>3462609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:24:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="679" xml:space="preserve">There are a number of reasons why you might wish to build a book scanner.  This book attempts to document the process.

There is a forum at www.diybookscanner.org which has a lot of experienced users who can answer questions.

The basic book scanning process is scan, process the images, then possibly OCR.  The alternatives to OCR are just viewing the pages as .jpgs, PDF format or DJVU.  The traditional problem with OCR is accuracy.

*{{stage short|00%|June 2, 2013}} ''[[/scan/]]''
*{{stage short|00%|June 2, 2013}} ''[[/process/]]''
*{{stage short|00%|June 2, 2013}} ''[[/OCR/]]''

Reference wiki.diybookscanner.org

{{shelves|Miscellaneous}}
{{alphabetical}}
{{status|75%}}</text>
      <sha1>jrietampci1itgojep2i3z456ttob7c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088332</id>
      <parentid>4088327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:31:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="679" xml:space="preserve">There are a number of reasons why you might wish to build a book scanner.  This book attempts to document the process.

There is a forum at www.diybookscanner.org which has a lot of experienced users who can answer questions.

The basic book scanning process is scan, process the images, then possibly OCR.  The alternatives to OCR are just viewing the pages as .jpgs, PDF format or DJVU.  The traditional problem with OCR is accuracy.

*{{stage short|00%|June 2, 2013}} ''[[/scan/]]''
*{{stage short|00%|June 2, 2013}} ''[[/process/]]''
*{{stage short|00%|June 2, 2013}} ''[[/OCR/]]''

Reference wiki.diybookscanner.org

{{shelves|Miscellaneous}}
{{alphabetical}}
{{status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>7jyz1s8zarwzw84lkhhz9n02hbfg6ty</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>DIY Book Scanner/OCR</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>291391</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088330</id>
      <parentid>2666588</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:29:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="523" xml:space="preserve">tesseract OCR software was developed by HP, placed in the open source domain and more recently has been updated by Google.  It's free and high quality so worthy of note.  It's a command line driven an example .bat file in the windows environment would be:

tesseract image.tif outputbase 

to use a white list where digits is the name of the white list

  put this in a text file called tessdata/configs/digits:

  tessedit_char_whitelist 0123456789

tesseract image.tif outputbase nobatch digits
{{Status|25%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ffjeigh5e8eqf3g8092067wychr5ekr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>DIY Book Scanner/scan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>291392</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088331</id>
      <parentid>2666586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:30:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2857" xml:space="preserve">Books don't scan well on flatbed scanners unless you destroy the book and feed the separate pages into the scanner.

However you can partially open a book then photograph the pages and this is what this type of scanner is about. The book is placed on a V shaped cradle opened, two sheets of glass joined in a V are placed over the pages to hold them flat then two cameras one aimed at each page take a photograph.

If you have money Atiz produces a very nice commercial scanner of this type so head to their web site and take a look at the videos to see it in action.

There is a kit that has been developed from the forum.  However there is no reason why you shouldn't build your own design.  Look through the videos to see why certain things were done in a certain way.  Specifically paperbacks work best on an inverted V using the weight of the book to keep it flat on the glass.

The requirements are basically a camera that has a reasonably good lens, 5 megapixel sensor isn't really good enough but 16 megapixel sensor works nicely.  We want manual control and to minimise problems when pressing the button remote control would be nice.  There are a number of good SLR cameras on the market that meet these requirements.  However point and shoot cameras are much cheaper and with SDM and CHDK some Canon cameras such as the A810 can also meet the requirements.  The CHDK site has a list of the latest cameras that will run CHDK.  To find the firmware version number it is recommended that you use ACID which is a Java application available on the CHDK web site that extracts this information from an image taken by the camera.  When you transfer the photo to the PC to analyse the firmware version take the SDHC card and copy it directly to the PC.  Windows transfer edits the metadata in the .jpg slightly which can stop ACID from detecting the firmware version number.  The EOScard method appears to work for installing CHDK on a A810.

The remote control is done through the USB port, Ricoh CA-1 is an example of a commercial one.  Please read the forum for more documentation and things to be aware of.
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&quot;I think the easiest way to do it is to use a powered usb hub. You just need to add a switch to the hub. Use momentary switch like productId=2062508 from Radio Shack

Cut one of the two wires of the cord that goes between the wall wart and the hub, and attach the button in between. (Depending on how long the cord is you might have to add some wire to extend the button to where you want.

Then plug usb cables from the cameras to the hub, and when you press the button, it will turn on the hub which will fire the cameras. Even before you get the button installed, you can experiment with it by just using the hub and plugging in the power to the hub for a second to trigger the cameras.&quot;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
{{Status|25%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>a0akd020a46pi6zpxdmjbcyy9ay41ho</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>DIY Book Scanner/process</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>291393</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088329</id>
      <parentid>2666587</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:29:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="141" xml:space="preserve">Scan Tailor is free software that can be used to post process the images especially useful for creating .pdf files.
{{Status|0%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>cn8n9pzln5w9mqo2sxuibphuqcuuuxj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Environmental theory and collection of ideas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>300258</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088337</id>
      <parentid>3695891</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:34:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1609" xml:space="preserve">==Foreword==
This is the community version of Arpad Fekete's public domain book ''Environmental theory and ideas'', which is part of the [http://fecowebs.ourproject.org Free Eco Web Services] project. The main goals of the community version is to be more comprehensive by explaining modern environmental protection issues and their solutions as practiced by individuals, businesses, and governments around the world (e.g. solar cooking devices, using recyclable materials, or laws); what you can do to help encourage people, businesses, and governments to adopt environment-friendly practices; and open problems scientists and others have researched or can research in the future for the sake of the environment.

==Table of Contents==
{{Book search}}
=== Part I ===
* [[/Introduction/]]
* [[/Environmentalism and survival/]]
* [[/Environmentalism and faith/]]
* [[/Environmentalism and ethical theory/]]
* [[/Ideas about what not to do|Passive ethics, eco-friendly advice]]
* [[/Ethical environmentalism good advice|Ethical environmentalism, good advice]]
* [[/Political environmentalism alliance|Political environmentalism, alliance]]
* [[/Political environmentalism warning|Political environmentalism, warning]]

=== Part II ===
* [[/Eco friendly games/]]
* [[/Eco friendly economical life|Eco friendly, economical life]]
* [[/Ideas to politicians/]]
* [[/Ideas to the rich/]]
* [[/Business ideas|Eco-friendly business ideas in programming]]
* [[/Ideas to activists/]]
* [[/Ideas to researchers and inventors/]]

{{shelves|science|social sciences|miscellaneous}}
{{status|50%}}
{{alphabetical|E}}
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>nx2x2unxswxkuvu6oxa1xcaj6ugdy91</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Environmental theory and collection of ideas/Eco friendly games</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>300272</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088338</id>
      <parentid>3254531</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:36:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5170" xml:space="preserve">{{ambox|type=content|text='''A Wikibookian has nominated this {{is book|book|page}} for cleanup{{#if:Some parts are hard to understand.  In some cases the grammar seems wrong and in other parts the register of the text is inappropriate - try making it less formal|&amp;nbsp;because:'''&lt;br/&gt;{{center|Some parts are hard to understand.  In some cases the grammar seems wrong and in other parts the register of the text is inappropriate - try making it less formal}}|.'''&lt;br/&gt;}}&lt;small&gt;You can [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help make it better]. Please review any [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|relevant discussion]].&lt;/small&gt;}}{{#ifeq:no|no|
}}

* For about ten or more years of their life, people are children and like to spend their free time with games and toys. That is why it is important to make games and toys more environmentally friendly. A game or toy can be more environmentally friendly by using less resources, providing a greater educational value or engaging the children for more time in an environmentally friendly way. Books explaining the rules of such games are probably friendly to the environment. However, it is very important to make the game or toy very popular as well, because otherwise children would not really want to play with it. Children usually follow fashion, and people could support a game so that it can be fashionable by a popular story or something else. For this, the creation of a new game might be needed, and a rich person or alliance could support the creation of such popular eco games and toys, setting a competition between game developers with alike material resources, and rewarding them according to their success. For example, there is the idea to create a computer game which would be about saving the life on Earth in the 21st century, by cooperation. In this case, the term for game campaign would coincide with the term for environmentalist/political campaign. For the environment, it seems to be better if the computer game is turn-based and multi-player at one computer, or hot-seat. For the environment, it also seems to be better if there are parts of the game which can be played without a computer too, promoting new games which are more environmentally friendly. It is just a matter of money and creativity to create such a game.
* The people who believe in God and the philosophers might not regard every game as good as others. It is a right question to ask which are the games that are the most ethical to play. To decide this question, many criteria should be considered. Such criteria are the following: it should use environmentally friendly accessories, it should teach what is good, it should help to form a community, it should not help the development of artifical intelligence too much, it should be interesting and fashionable, it should be accessible by the poor people too, it should cause joy to the less talented too, it should do good to the bodily and mental health, and it should be apt to earn money from it, as a sport, or as a creator of puzzles. Apart from these, there may be other criteria. The game can be more interesting if its rules are not too complicated, but at the same time, human creativity can be manifested in it. It is quite hard to create a game which complies with all the mentioned criteria, although that would be the ideal. The lesson to learn from this is that we should not only be environmentally friendly, but ethical in other aspects, too.
* Environmentalism is a serious issue, and it is about important problems, but one does not always like to fight a war in which one is likely to lose. That is why those who have suffered much because of the world, and made many sacrifices in order to make the world better, deserve to play, in order not to think about the world, and get more success and sources of joy. Even the hypothesis can come to our mind that a happy person can probably diet, care for his/her body, exercise, and have temperance more easily, because it is more difficult for the sad people to make sacrifices. A professional player could even earn money by skill games, or by writing about games, or by taking part in creating new games. The therapeutic and community-making effects of games are not negligible either. It is not always easy, however, to find a proper playmate. Whoever wins many times, might feel the game more dull, and whoever loses many times, probably does not enjoy the game as much. These times a voluntary handicap by the stronger player may help at the starting of the game, for example, when a grandmaster of chess plays without rooks against a child. This way any of them wins, may enjoy the game. So if we create a game, it is worth taking care of opportunities for voluntary handicaps, or for different skill levels for one-team games. If we play so much that it gives us happiness, and if we can win from our handicapped situation, why should not we try again to solve our problems in real life?

{{Expand}}
==Further reading==
* Mary C. Hofmann - Games for Everybody (1905)
* Leigh Anderson - The Games Bible: Over 300 Games - the Rules, the Gear, the Strategies (Workman Publishing Company, 2010)
{{cleanup}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>8fgtblr7xedyxg2vxfdb073wexabz9q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088340</id>
      <parentid>4088338</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:38:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5239" xml:space="preserve">{{ambox|type=content|text='''A Wikibookian has nominated this {{is book|book|page}} for cleanup{{#if:Some parts are hard to understand.  In some cases the grammar seems wrong and in other parts the register of the text is inappropriate - try making it less formal|&amp;nbsp;because:'''&lt;br/&gt;{{center|Some parts are hard to understand.  In some cases the grammar seems wrong and in other parts the register of the text is inappropriate - try making it less formal}}|.'''&lt;br/&gt;}}&lt;small&gt;You can [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help make it better]. Please review any [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|relevant discussion]].&lt;/small&gt;}}{{#ifeq:no|no|
}}
==Early Development and Play==
For about ten or more years of their life, people are children and like to spend their free time with games and toys. That is why it is important to make games and toys more environmentally friendly. A game or toy can be more environmentally friendly by using less resources, providing a greater educational value or engaging the children for more time in an environmentally friendly way. Books explaining the rules of such games are probably friendly to the environment. However, it is very important to make the game or toy very popular as well, because otherwise children would not really want to play with it. Children usually follow fashion, and people could support a game so that it can be fashionable by a popular story or something else. For this, the creation of a new game might be needed, and a rich person or alliance could support the creation of such popular eco games and toys, setting a competition between game developers with alike material resources, and rewarding them according to their success. For example, there is the idea to create a computer game which would be about saving the life on Earth in the 21st century, by cooperation. In this case, the term for game campaign would coincide with the term for environmentalist/political campaign. For the environment, it seems to be better if the computer game is turn-based and multi-player at one computer, or hot-seat. For the environment, it also seems to be better if there are parts of the game which can be played without a computer too, promoting new games which are more environmentally friendly. It is just a matter of money and creativity to create such a game.

==Ethics and games==
* The people who believe in God and the philosophers might not regard every game as good as others. It is a right question to ask which are the games that are the most ethical to play. To decide this question, many criteria should be considered. Such criteria are the following: it should use environmentally friendly accessories, it should teach what is good, it should help to form a community, it should not help the development of artifical intelligence too much, it should be interesting and fashionable, it should be accessible by the poor people too, it should cause joy to the less talented too, it should do good to the bodily and mental health, and it should be apt to earn money from it, as a sport, or as a creator of puzzles. Apart from these, there may be other criteria. The game can be more interesting if its rules are not too complicated, but at the same time, human creativity can be manifested in it. It is quite hard to create a game which complies with all the mentioned criteria, although that would be the ideal. The lesson to learn from this is that we should not only be environmentally friendly, but ethical in other aspects, too.
==Skill and play==
* Environmentalism is a serious issue, and it is about important problems, but one does not always like to fight a war in which one is likely to lose. That is why those who have suffered much because of the world, and made many sacrifices in order to make the world better, deserve to play, in order not to think about the world, and get more success and sources of joy. Even the hypothesis can come to our mind that a happy person can probably diet, care for his/her body, exercise, and have temperance more easily, because it is more difficult for the sad people to make sacrifices. A professional player could even earn money by skill games, or by writing about games, or by taking part in creating new games. The therapeutic and community-making effects of games are not negligible either. It is not always easy, however, to find a proper playmate. Whoever wins many times, might feel the game more dull, and whoever loses many times, probably does not enjoy the game as much. These times a voluntary handicap by the stronger player may help at the starting of the game, for example, when a grandmaster of chess plays without rooks against a child. This way any of them wins, may enjoy the game. So if we create a game, it is worth taking care of opportunities for voluntary handicaps, or for different skill levels for one-team games. If we play so much that it gives us happiness, and if we can win from our handicapped situation, why should not we try again to solve our problems in real life?

{{Expand}}
==Further reading==
* Mary C. Hofmann - Games for Everybody (1905)
* Leigh Anderson - The Games Bible: Over 300 Games - the Rules, the Gear, the Strategies (Workman Publishing Company, 2010)
{{cleanup}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>awadbbh1d2euum8a526f4xo8olxy0sf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088341</id>
      <parentid>4088340</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:40:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5278" xml:space="preserve">{{ambox|type=content|text='''A Wikibookian has nominated this {{is book|book|page}} for cleanup{{#if:Some parts are hard to understand.  In some cases the grammar seems wrong and in other parts the register of the text is inappropriate - try making it less formal|&amp;nbsp;because:'''&lt;br/&gt;{{center|Some parts are hard to understand.  In some cases the grammar seems wrong and in other parts the register of the text is inappropriate - try making it less formal}}|.'''&lt;br/&gt;}}&lt;small&gt;You can [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help make it better]. Please review any [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|relevant discussion]].&lt;/small&gt;}}{{#ifeq:no|no|
}}
==Early Development and Play==
For around the first ten years of their life, people are children and like to spend their free time engaged in playful activities, often with games and toys. That is why it is important to make games and toys more environmentally friendly. A game or toy can be more environmentally friendly by using less resources, providing a greater educational value or engaging the children for more time in an environmentally friendly way. 

Books explaining the rules of such games are probably friendly to the environment. However, it is very important to make the game or toy very popular as well, because otherwise children would not really want to play with it. Children usually follow fashion, and people could support a game so that it can be fashionable by a popular story or something else. For this, the creation of a new game might be needed, and a rich person or alliance could support the creation of such popular eco games and toys, setting a competition between game developers with alike material resources, and rewarding them according to their success. For example, there is the idea to create a computer game which would be about saving the life on Earth in the 21st century, by cooperation. In this case, the term for game campaign would coincide with the term for environmentalist/political campaign. For the environment, it seems to be better if the computer game is turn-based and multi-player at one computer, or hot-seat. For the environment, it also seems to be better if there are parts of the game which can be played without a computer too, promoting new games which are more environmentally friendly. It is just a matter of money and creativity to create such a game.

==Ethics and games==
The people who believe in God and the philosophers might not regard every game as good as others. It is a right question to ask which are the games that are the most ethical to play. To decide this question, many criteria should be considered. Such criteria are the following: it should use environmentally friendly accessories, it should teach what is good, it should help to form a community, it should not help the development of artifical intelligence too much, it should be interesting and fashionable, it should be accessible by the poor people too, it should cause joy to the less talented too, it should do good to the bodily and mental health, and it should be apt to earn money from it, as a sport, or as a creator of puzzles. Apart from these, there may be other criteria. The game can be more interesting if its rules are not too complicated, but at the same time, human creativity can be manifested in it. It is quite hard to create a game which complies with all the mentioned criteria, although that would be the ideal. The lesson to learn from this is that we should not only be environmentally friendly, but ethical in other aspects, too.

==Skill and play==
Environmentalism is a serious issue, and it is about important problems, but one does not always like to fight a war in which one is likely to lose. That is why those who have suffered much because of the world, and made many sacrifices in order to make the world better, deserve to play, in order not to think about the world, and get more success and sources of joy. Even the hypothesis can come to our mind that a happy person can probably diet, care for his/her body, exercise, and have temperance more easily, because it is more difficult for the sad people to make sacrifices. A professional player could even earn money by skill games, or by writing about games, or by taking part in creating new games. The therapeutic and community-making effects of games are not negligible either. It is not always easy, however, to find a proper playmate. Whoever wins many times, might feel the game more dull, and whoever loses many times, probably does not enjoy the game as much. These times a voluntary handicap by the stronger player may help at the starting of the game, for example, when a grandmaster of chess plays without rooks against a child. This way any of them wins, may enjoy the game. So if we create a game, it is worth taking care of opportunities for voluntary handicaps, or for different skill levels for one-team games. If we play so much that it gives us happiness, and if we can win from our handicapped situation, why should not we try again to solve our problems in real life?

{{Expand}}
==Further reading==
* Mary C. Hofmann - Games for Everybody (1905)
* Leigh Anderson - The Games Bible: Over 300 Games - the Rules, the Gear, the Strategies (Workman Publishing Company, 2010)
{{cleanup}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>cdlm7oejx1d51e8boewkqrn60e35puk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088343</id>
      <parentid>4088341</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:51:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Early Development and Play */ Rewrote half of section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6203" xml:space="preserve">{{ambox|type=content|text='''A Wikibookian has nominated this {{is book|book|page}} for cleanup{{#if:Some parts are hard to understand.  In some cases the grammar seems wrong and in other parts the register of the text is inappropriate - try making it less formal|&amp;nbsp;because:'''&lt;br/&gt;{{center|Some parts are hard to understand.  In some cases the grammar seems wrong and in other parts the register of the text is inappropriate - try making it less formal}}|.'''&lt;br/&gt;}}&lt;small&gt;You can [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help make it better]. Please review any [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|relevant discussion]].&lt;/small&gt;}}{{#ifeq:no|no|
}}
==Early Development and Play==
Children are naturally interested in play, partaking in games, and toys. Historically, many games or toys did not require anything which would damage the environment. The games of tag or hide and seek are great examples as they simply require at least one other player to create hours of entertainment, in addition to providing exercise and critical thinking opportunities. Nature often provided its own toys such as helicopter seeds, which when dropped from any height would lazily spin to the ground in an interesting pattern. However as people moved to the city, and as demographics changed, these toys became less viable. In industrialized areas many children are unable to socialize freely, and have fewer siblings to play with. Furthermore safety concerns necessitate parental supervision when children meet with others informally, while daycare and school require a more formal and rigid schedule and setting. These factors prevent some of the spontaneous nature of natural play. As a result, artificial toys and games are required to facilitate play in industrialized areas.

This is why it is important to make games and toys more environmentally friendly. A game or toy can be more environmentally friendly by using less resources, providing a greater educational value or engaging the children for more time in an environmentally friendly way.

Books explaining the rules of such games are probably friendly to the environment. However, it is very important to make the game or toy very popular as well, because otherwise children would not really want to play with it. Children usually follow fashion, and people could support a game so that it can be fashionable by a popular story or something else. For this, the creation of a new game might be needed, and a rich person or alliance could support the creation of such popular eco games and toys, setting a competition between game developers with alike material resources, and rewarding them according to their success. For example, there is the idea to create a computer game which would be about saving the life on Earth in the 21st century, by cooperation. In this case, the term for game campaign would coincide with the term for environmentalist/political campaign. For the environment, it seems to be better if the computer game is turn-based and multi-player at one computer, or hot-seat. For the environment, it also seems to be better if there are parts of the game which can be played without a computer too, promoting new games which are more environmentally friendly. It is just a matter of money and creativity to create such a game.

==Ethics and games==
The people who believe in God and the philosophers might not regard every game as good as others. It is a right question to ask which are the games that are the most ethical to play. To decide this question, many criteria should be considered. Such criteria are the following: it should use environmentally friendly accessories, it should teach what is good, it should help to form a community, it should not help the development of artifical intelligence too much, it should be interesting and fashionable, it should be accessible by the poor people too, it should cause joy to the less talented too, it should do good to the bodily and mental health, and it should be apt to earn money from it, as a sport, or as a creator of puzzles. Apart from these, there may be other criteria. The game can be more interesting if its rules are not too complicated, but at the same time, human creativity can be manifested in it. It is quite hard to create a game which complies with all the mentioned criteria, although that would be the ideal. The lesson to learn from this is that we should not only be environmentally friendly, but ethical in other aspects, too.

==Skill and play==
Environmentalism is a serious issue, and it is about important problems, but one does not always like to fight a war in which one is likely to lose. That is why those who have suffered much because of the world, and made many sacrifices in order to make the world better, deserve to play, in order not to think about the world, and get more success and sources of joy. Even the hypothesis can come to our mind that a happy person can probably diet, care for his/her body, exercise, and have temperance more easily, because it is more difficult for the sad people to make sacrifices. A professional player could even earn money by skill games, or by writing about games, or by taking part in creating new games. The therapeutic and community-making effects of games are not negligible either. It is not always easy, however, to find a proper playmate. Whoever wins many times, might feel the game more dull, and whoever loses many times, probably does not enjoy the game as much. These times a voluntary handicap by the stronger player may help at the starting of the game, for example, when a grandmaster of chess plays without rooks against a child. This way any of them wins, may enjoy the game. So if we create a game, it is worth taking care of opportunities for voluntary handicaps, or for different skill levels for one-team games. If we play so much that it gives us happiness, and if we can win from our handicapped situation, why should not we try again to solve our problems in real life?

{{Expand}}
==Further reading==
* Mary C. Hofmann - Games for Everybody (1905)
* Leigh Anderson - The Games Bible: Over 300 Games - the Rules, the Gear, the Strategies (Workman Publishing Company, 2010)
{{cleanup}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>s83sszha2ifpymhezly2s137ex01rxg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fractals/gnofract</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>307662</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088323</id>
      <parentid>3676267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:17:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adam majewski</username>
        <id>74163</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Coloring algorithms */ period</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8584" xml:space="preserve">=Images=
[[:commons:Category:Fractals created with Gnofract4D]]

=frc files=

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=python&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python

# gnofract4d /gnofract4d-3.13/fract4d/parfile.py
# rudimentary read-only support for Fractint PAR files

# issues discovered while looking at fotd3.par
# y needs to be negative (?)
# use gf4d.cfrm#default - continuous potential doesn't work?
# rotation == -xyangle in degrees, needs convert to radians

import string
import preprocessor
import math

def parse(file,f):
    # reset the fractal to have defaults closer to Fractint
    f.set_outer(&quot;gf4d.cfrm&quot;,&quot;default&quot;)
    f.yflip = True

    params = get_params(file)
    pairs = get_param_pairs(params)

    formulaname = pairs.get(&quot;formulaname&quot;,&quot;Mandelbrot&quot;)
    formulafile = pairs.get(&quot;formulafile&quot;,&quot;gf4d.frm&quot;)

    f.set_formula(formulafile, formulaname)
    for (k,v) in pairs.items():
        if k == &quot;maxiter&quot;: parse_maxiter(v,f)
        elif k == &quot;center-mag&quot; : parse_center_mag(v,f)
        elif k == &quot;colors&quot; : parse_colors(v,f)
        elif k == &quot;params&quot; : parse_params(v,f)
        elif k == &quot;logmap&quot; : parse_logmap(v,f)
        
def parse_params(val,f):
    paramlist = val.split(&quot;/&quot;)
    l = len(paramlist)/2
    for i in xrange(l):
        (re,im) = (paramlist[i*2],paramlist[i*2+1])
        name = &quot;@p%d&quot; % (i+1)
        val = &quot;(%s,%s)&quot; % (re,im)
        f.forms[0].set_named_param(name,val)
        
def get_params(file):
    return preprocessor.T(file.read()).out().split()

def parse_logmap(val,f):
    f.set_outer(&quot;fractint.ucl&quot;,&quot;outside&quot;)
    f.forms[1].set_named_param(&quot;@logmap&quot;,val)
    
def get_param_pairs(params):
    pairs = {}
    for p in params:
        vals = p.split(&quot;=&quot;)
        if len(vals) == 2:
            pairs[vals[0]] = vals[1]
    return pairs

def parse_maxiter(val,f):
    max = int(val)
    f.maxiter = max

def parse_colors(val,f):
    colors = colorRange(val)
    f.get_gradient().load_fractint(colors)

def parse_center_mag(val,f):
    &quot;x/y/mag(/xmag/rot/skew)&quot; 
    vals = val.split(&quot;/&quot;)
    x = float(vals[0])
    y = -float(vals[1])
    mag = float(vals[2])
    f.params[f.XCENTER] = x
    f.params[f.YCENTER] = y
    h = 2.0/mag
    f.params[f.MAGNITUDE] = h * 1.33

    if len(vals) &gt; 3:
        xmag = float(vals[3])
    if len(vals) &gt; 4:
        rot = float(vals[4]) * -1 * math.pi / 180.0
        f.params[f.XYANGLE] = rot
    if len(vals) &gt; 5:
        skew = float(vals[5])
        
def setup_log_table(log_flag, maxltsize, colors, save_release):
    # try to match convoluted Fractint log_table logic
    (lf,mlf) = get_log_table_limits(log_flag, maxltsize, colors, save_release)
    table = [
        calc_log_table_entry(x,log_flag,lf,mlf, save_release) \
        for x in xrange(maxltsize)
        ]
    return table

def calc_log_table_entry(n, log_flag, lf,mlf, save_release):
    if log_flag &gt; 0:
        if n &lt;= lf:
            return 1
        
        try:
            if (n-lf) / math.log(n - lf) &lt;= mlf:
                if save_release &lt; 2002:
                    if lf:
                        flag = 1
                    else:
                        flag - 0
                    return n - lf + flag
                else:
                    return n - lf
        except ZeroDivisionError:
            pass

        return int(mlf * math.log(n - lf)) + 1
                
    return 0

def get_log_table_limits(log_flag, maxltsize, colors, save_release):
    if save_release &gt; 1920:
        if log_flag &gt; 0:
            lf = log_flag
            if log_flag &lt; 1:
                lf = 0
        if lf &gt;= maxltsize:
            lf = maxltsize -1
        if lf != 0:
            delta = 2
        else:
            delta = 1
        mlf = (colors - delta ) /math.log(maxltsize - lf)
    return (lf,mlf)

def decode_val(c):
    if c &gt;= '0' and c &lt;= '9':
        return 4 *(ord(c) - ord('0'))
    elif c &gt;= 'A' and c &lt;= 'Z':
        return 4 * (ord(c) - ord('A') + 10)
    elif c == '_':
        return 4 * 36
    elif c == '`':
        return 4 * 37
    elif c &gt;= 'a' and c &lt;= 'z':
        return 4 * (ord(c) - ord('a') + 38)
    else:
        raise RuntimeError, &quot;Invalid character %s in colors&quot; % c
    
def colorRange(s):
    '''From help4.src:

    The colors= parameter in a PAR entry is a set of triplets.  Each
    triplet represents a color in the saved palette.  The triplet is
    made from the red green and blue components of the color in the
    palette entry.  The current limitations of fractint\'s palette
    handling capabilities restrict the palette to 256 colors.  Each
    triplet rgb component is a 6 bit value from 0 to 63.  These values
    are encoded using the following scheme:

     rgb value  =&gt;  encoded value
      0  -   9  =&gt;  0  -  9
     10  -  35  =&gt;  A  -  Z
     36  -  37  =&gt;  _  -  `
     38  -  63  =&gt;  a  -  z
   
    In addition, Pieter Branderhorst has incorporated a way to
    compress the encoding when the image has smooth-shaded ranges.
    These ranges are written as &lt;nn&gt; with the nn representing the
    number of entries between the preceeding triplet and the following
    triplet.'''

    colors = []
    i = 0
    runlength = 0
    while i &lt; len(s):
        c = s[i]
        if c == '&lt;':
            j = string.find(s,&quot;&gt;&quot;, i)
            if j == -1:
                raise RuntimeError, &quot;No &gt; after &lt; in colors&quot;
            runlength = string.atoi(s[i+1:j])
            if runlength == 0:
                raise RuntimeError, &quot;Zero runlength&quot;
            i = j+1
        else:
            if len(s) &lt; i+3:
                raise RuntimeError, &quot;invalid color string&quot;
            rgb = map(decode_val, list(s[i:i+3]))
            if runlength &gt; 0:
                if len(colors) == 0:
                    raise RuntimeError, &quot;run with no preceding color&quot;
                pairs = zip(colors[-1],rgb)
                for k in range(0,runlength):
                    ratio = (k+1.0) / runlength
                    nratio = 1.0 - ratio
                    col = map(lambda (x,y) : int(x * nratio + y * ratio), pairs)
                    colors.append(col)
                    
            colors.append(rgb)
            i += 3
            runlength = 0
            
    return colors

if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;:
    import sys
    import fc
    import fractal
    
    g_comp = fc.Compiler()
    g_comp.add_func_path(&quot;../formulas&quot;)
    g_comp.load_formula_file(&quot;gf4d.frm&quot;)
    g_comp.load_formula_file(&quot;test.frm&quot;)
    g_comp.load_formula_file(&quot;gf4d.cfrm&quot;)

    f = fractal.T(g_comp)
    file = open(sys.argv[1])

    parse(file,f)

    f.save(open(&quot;parfile.fct&quot;,&quot;w&quot;))

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=Period checking=
* [https://github.com/HyveInnovate/gnofract4d/blob/master/examples/cpp/custom%20mandelbrot%20formula.c cpp code]
* [https://github.com/josch/mandelbrot/blob/master/mandel%20mpfr.c c and mpfr code]
=Coloring algorithms=

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=c&gt;
/*
https://github.com/edyoung/gnofract4d/blob/master/formulas/standard.ucl

comment {
  This file contains standard coloring algorithms for Ultra Fractal 3.
  Many of the coloring algorithms here were written by other formula
  authors, as noted in the comments with each formula. All formulas
  have been edited and simplified by Frederik Slijkerman.
}

*/
Triangle {
;
; Variation on the Triangle Inequality Average coloring method 
; from Kerry Mitchell. The smoothing used here is based on the
; Smooth formula, which only works for z^n+c and derivates.
;
; Written by Damien M. Jones
;
init:
  float sum = 0.0
  float sum2 = 0.0
  float ac = cabs(#pixel)
  float il = 1/log(@power)
  float lp = log(log(@bailout)/2.0)
  float az2 = 0.0
  float lowbound = 0.0
  float f = 0.0
  BOOL first = true
loop:
  sum2 = sum
  IF (!first)
    az2 = cabs(#z - #pixel)
    lowbound = abs(az2 - ac)
    sum = sum + ((cabs(#z) - lowbound) / (az2+ac - lowbound))
  ELSE
    first = false
  ENDIF
final:
  sum = sum / (#numiter)
  sum2 = sum2 / (#numiter-1)
  f = il*lp - il*log(log(cabs(#z)))
  #index = sum2 + (sum-sum2) * (f+1)  
default:
  title = &quot;Triangle Inequality Average&quot;
  helpfile = &quot;Uf3.chm&quot;
  helptopic = &quot;Html/coloring/standard/triangleinequalityaverage.html&quot;
  param power
    caption = &quot;Exponent&quot;
    default = 2.0
    hint = &quot;This should be set to match the exponent of the \
            formula you are using. For Mandelbrot, this is 2.&quot;
  endparam
  param bailout
    caption = &quot;Bailout&quot;
    default = 1e20
    min = 1
    hint = &quot;This should be set to match the bail-out value in \
            the Formula tab. Use a very high value for good results.&quot;
  endparam
}

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=References=
&lt;references/&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>rynnh42ijcnu9c92ah71i2u2qajnmvr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:RDBury</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>381606</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088367</id>
      <parentid>3227891</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:50:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Names */ new section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19497" xml:space="preserve">== Welcome ==

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[Wikibooks:Welcome|Welcome]] to Wikibooks, RDBury!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- FIRST COLUMN --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Crystal Clear app kedit.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''First steps tutorial'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
'''Wikibooks is for [[WB:AGF|collaborative]] development of free&amp;nbsp;[[WB:WIW|textbooks]].'''

You do not need technical skills to [[Using Wikibooks|contribute]]. You can [[WB:BOLD|easily change most books]]. Please [[WB:CHAT|introduce yourself]], and let us know what [[WB:PROJECTS|interests you]].

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our [[Wikibooks:Wikibooks for Wikimedians|Wikimedia Orientation]] should quickly get you started.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both; padding-right:1em; text-align:right; font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;(Would you like to provide [[Template talk:Bigwelcome|feedback]] on this message?)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- SECOND COLUMN --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Icon apps query.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Getting help'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* Read the [[Using Wikibooks]] book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our [[Help:Contents|help pages]] for more information.
* You can get friendly help from the community in the [[WB:HELP|user assistance room]] or our [[irc:wikibooks|IRC channel]].
* Upload freely licensed files to [[commons:Wikimedia Commons|Wikimedia Commons]]. You may [[WB:RFP|request permission]] to upload [[w:fair use|fair use]] files locally. Please include author and source {{tl|information}} and a {{nowrap|{{tl|non-free use rationale}}}} for [[WB:FU|non-free]] files.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #14304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola filesystems trashcan full.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Made a mistake?'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* You can [[WB:REVERT|restore]] a previously saved version.
* Pages should follow the [[WB:NP|&lt;code&gt;'''Book Title/Chapter Title'''&lt;/code&gt;]] naming convention.
* Need to rename a page? Use the ''move'' tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for [[WB:HELP|help]]).
* To request a page be deleted, add {{tlx|delete|''your reason''}} to the top of the page.
* Was a page you made deleted? Please read the [[WB:DP|deletion policy]], and check the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] to find out why. Also check the [[WB:RFD|RFD]] archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at [[WB:RFU]], or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible selected&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Transmission icon.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Goodies, tips and tricks'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* Please fill in [[WB:ES|the edit summary]] and [[WB:PREVIEW|preview]] your edits before saving.
* Sign your name on [[WB:TALK|discussion pages]] by typing &amp;#126;&amp;#126;&amp;#126;&amp;#126;
* User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the ''Gadgets'' tab of [[Special:Preferences|''my preferences'']]; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit ''save''!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 13:50, 23 February 2017 (UTC)

== Gedankenexperiment ==

Hi.  I would like (without, I hope, jostling your elbow too much) to ask you a &quot;hypothetical&quot; question.  Not as something needing an urgent answer, but just to let your back brain work on, taking time to think it through, whilst you're on about your business on other things.  (Do other people's minds work that way?  Mine certainly does.)

Suppose wiki markup could specify not only text and hyperlinks (and images, and tables, and mathematical formulae), but also interactive elements:  things like text input boxes, and dropdown menus, and buttons that would take information that's been input and send it to a page, and of course wiki markup that says what to do with information that's been sent to the current page by a button.  Oh, and the ability to do simple computations using the information.  It seems to me that, with these sorts of primitives in wiki markup, one ought to be able to build all sorts of interesting things.  One of the sorts of things one might be able to do with it, seemingly, would be to build interactive &quot;exercises&quot; for a wikibook.  Such as, for example, devices that might help a reader with, say, an introduction to rigorous mathematical thinking.

So my question to think about is, what sort of interactive exercises might be useful to create for an introductory book on rigorous mathematical thinking?
: [One might also imagine interactive ''demonstrations''.]

My reason for asking is, I have been developing tools to give wiki markup these sorts of primitives, and I'm looking for ways to apply them usefully.  As you might imagine (especially if you work with mathematical proof), [[Help:Dialog|having the primitives]] is a far cry from knowing how to use them to good effect.  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 12:37, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

:Not sure how helpful it would be for what I'm working on now, but it does seem like it would be useful for more elementary texts. Suppose that in order to advance to the next section of a book you were asked to take a miniquiz on the section you just read. That way readers could make sure they understand the concepts well before building on them. I've seen this kind of thing in [[w:Duolingo]], though I don't think you could learn a language from Duolingo alone. It might be more useful for other projects such as Wikidata or Wikivoyage. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 14:49, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

:: Hm, it would make sense that interactive stuff would be easier to conceptualize for more elementary books.  There might be some really cool stuff that could be done for [[Wikijunior]].&amp;nbsp;:-)&amp;nbsp; The more advanced and cerebral the topic, the more difficult it would be to devise a way of using interactivity for it... though it does seem the rewards of successfully ''finding'' a way would remain high.  (It's interesting you think of Wikidata and Wikivoyage.  My sense is that the tools could be useful for really ''all'' the wikimedia sister projects, but I originally envisioned and created them for Wikinews, then ported them to Wikibooks with the thought that, because Wikibooks is in effect a confederation of thousands of microprojects, it could be a great venue for exploring a wide range of possible uses.)  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 16:40, 6 March 2017 (UTC)
:::I thought of another potential application in allowing users to select which of several variations of a page to display without writing multiple versions of the same page. StrategyWiki.com does this kind of thing with games which appear on multiple platforms. So rather than have one version of a page for people playing on the GameCube and other for people playing on the PlayStation, they have a template which allows the reader to select which platform they're using and another template which customizes which controls are displayed. You can see this at work at [http://strategywiki.org/wiki/Metroid_Prime/Controls]. I'm not sure how this is implemented but I suspect it uses some custom coding. It seems to me though that dialog boxes could do something similar here but with more flexibility. It could be used for example in books on programming languages where there are different versions. For example there are now two books Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 2.6 and Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3.0; I happen to know that the differences between the two versions is not that big, even if they are incompatible, so possibly they could be merged with the help of a version selector at the top. Another idea would be to have a selector for metric vs. US measures on recipes. It would be nice of people's selection could be remembered from page to page, but I don't know how far the dialog box functionality extends. It is a drawback of the StrategyWiki.com implementation that you have to keep reselecting the platform on each page. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 11:25, 7 March 2017 (UTC)

== Review ==

Just wondering if you have any thoughts on something that's been puzzling me.  Your account does not have the review bit.  Yet, users are supposed to be automatically promoted to reviewer when they meet certain criteria, and I don't really see any of those criteria you don't meet.  Maybe I'm overlooking something.  The criteria are listed at [[WB:Reviewers]].  (I've wished for years there were a way to ''ask the wiki software'' which criteria it didn't think a user account satisifed.)  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 15:29, 26 March 2017 (UTC)
:I think the issue is I have less than 100 edits. I've done a bit of editing on Wikipedia but that doesn't carry over, it seems. Not that concerned about it for now though. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 23:43, 29 March 2017 (UTC)
:: Oh.  Heh.  Yeah, you've been around so long, and have been doing such great stuff, I guess it just never even occurred to me to check that.  Though you're awfully close... 97, I think.  Anyway, I certainly agree it's not a big deal; just a curiosity.  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 00:03, 30 March 2017 (UTC)
::: Rofl.  I'd been finding it more and more puzzling than you hadn't been autopromoted, and finally decided to investigate closely, called up the autopromotion criteria and your account stats &amp;mdash; only to discover you were autopromoted about twenty minutes ago.&amp;nbsp;:-D&amp;nbsp; --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 18:06, 29 May 2017 (UTC)
::::Hm, I'm currently at about 160 edits so maybe that's the cutoff. Or maybe the script is only run every couple of months. I'm still not even sure if I'll notice the difference :) --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 03:28, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

== [[Mathematical Proof and the Principles of Mathematics/Introduction/The reason this book was written|The reason this book was written]] ==

Was just reading this page.  Seems to have come out really well; I find myself wanting to read the book attached to it (the book much of which doesn't exist yet&amp;nbsp;:-).  Comparing the text as-now-is to the page you inherited from the previous incarnation of the book, I'm thinking this may be one of those times when iterative collaboration works especially well.

I was most interested in the perspective on the history, extending backward and forward from G&amp;ouml;del; I've my own perspective on that history, inevitably shaped by the particular aspects of it engaged by my own pursuits &amp;mdash; neither better nor worse in principle, I suppose, that the perspective on the ''reason this book was written'' page, though certainly less suitable for this particular book.  Do I detect intuitionism at work, in your philosophy?  (Not criticizing, just wondering.)  Cf. [http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/5425#comment-94308], first bit about the history (stopping at &quot;Now, about proving Gödel's theorem&quot;).  I don't notice anything on Wikibooks atm directly about the history of mathematical foundations...  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 17:21, 6 June 2017 (UTC)
:Thanks for the feedback. Actually the &quot;Why this book was written&quot; page was mostly by other authors. I will take credit (or blame) for the history chapter though, but there's still a few sections worth of material to be added. Not really an intuitionist myself, though I have been exposed to the viewpoint quite a bit doing research for the book, so I'm trying to keep an open mind. I'm trying to stay officially agnostic on the philosophical issues anyway; just reporting on what's currently being used, right or wrong, but mentioning the arguments of the dissenters as well. I'm including a history of the foundations because it seemed necessary for the goals the book is meant to achieve and because I happened to have a  book or two on the subject. Mathematics is often considered to be a dry subject, and hopefully knowing a bit about why we're where we are and the arguments about where we should be going will help avoid that perception. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 20:37, 6 June 2017 (UTC)
:: Interesting that you see it as mostly by the other authors.  I did look at the version before your edits, so I think I have some sense of what was there and what you introduced, but from those facts it's then a subjective judgement whether your contribution is large or small; you certainly did work with what you were given, yet it seems to me greatly enhanced by your part in it.  It's often possible, I think, for a number of editors working on material like that to produce something richer than any one of them would have been likely to produce (when things work out well, which of course they don't always). &lt;p&gt; Having read Kuhn's ''Structure of Scientific Revolutions'', and being exposed to the idea that Mathematics doesn't do that (&quot;In mathematics alone each generation adds a new story to the old structure&quot;, as Hankel put it), then studying the history leading up to Hamilton's discovery of quaternions, I was rather stunned when I first realized the events I was reading about were a classic paradigm shift ([https://fexpr.blogspot.com/2014/03/the-great-vectors-versus-quaternions.html]).  Not that I disagree with Hankel, either.  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 23:35, 6 June 2017 (UTC)
:::I read Kuhn as well, though I was too young to fully appreciate it at the time. It was an interesting course though; we were also assigned the SciFi ''Inherit the Stars'' by James P. Hogan. I wasn't familiar with the Hankel quote, but even allowing for the time in which he was writing it seems like he should have known better. I'm pretty sure he wouldn't have used the method of exhaustion to find a volume or geometric algebra to solve an equation. I think the difference is that in math the revolutions are much more protracted affairs, taking centuries rather than generations. But if you try to read a math book from 200 years ago the difference in language and methodology is obvious. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 07:54, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
:::: The more complete Hankel quote is
::::: In most sciences one generation tears down what another has built and what one has established another undoes. In mathematics alone each generation adds a new story to the old structure.
:::: Granted mathematics evolves, and mathematicians (like all scientists, actually) try to make the history of their subject seem more purely cumulative than it is, I still think there is something to Hankel's remark, something qualitatively different from other fields. &lt;p&gt; I'm wary of the 'slow-motion revolution' concept.  In any science there are &quot;fashions&quot; that change slowly as well as revolutions that happen relatively rapidly.  The mathematical foundations shift in the first half of the nineteenth century (basically from intuition to axioms) was rapid; from a distance, rather like throwing a switch; and the mathematical foundations shift a century later, presumably, like blowing a fuse; about as rapid as you can expect such a thing to be.  Certainly the ''effect'' of the early-nineteenth-century shift was explosive development of mathematics.  The effect of G&amp;ouml;del has been somehow less heartening.  (A great deal of naive enthusiasm went out of the world in the first half of the twentieth century; there was WWI, the Great Depression, G&amp;ouml;del's Theorems, WWII.  One might even add quantum mechanics to the list.)  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 18:04, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
:::I guess I'm looking at things more as general trends than as specific events. So I'm lumping the whole 19th century foundation shift to the adoption of category theory as one long movement (probably still ongoing) rather than several short ones, though I certainly see your point of view. There were 200 years between Thales and Euclid, but there were a few landmarks on the way, like Zeno &amp; Aristotle, so it wouldn't be wrong to consider that period as a number of revolutions rather than a one slowly moving one.
:::I don't see Gödel's work as having a disheartening influence, or if it did it was only temporary. Humbling perhaps, but I don't think humility is ever really a bad thing in the quest for knowledge. Giving up the geocentric model of the universe was humbling in the same way, but it was very freeing in that paved the way for modern cosmology, a vastly more rich and interesting view of the cosmos. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 13:01, 9 June 2017 (UTC)

== Names ==

A few ideas for your book's name:
*Making game videos (actually this one sucks now I say it out loud.)
*How to record video games (better than the one above at least)
*How to record videos of a video game (it made no sense but made me chuckle, so I've put it here anyway.)
*A guide to recording video games
*How to become a [youtuber / streamer] (though if the book's scope is not ''that'' large, it may cause disappointment to readers)

That's it. My mind is blank. You don't have to choose one of the above, im just trying to give you a few ideas for a better name (as you said you don't like current title that much on Mbrickn's talk page). &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:50, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>07rjaw03gp8onf1vih15ln3kew0ew7p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088467</id>
      <parentid>4088367</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T09:49:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RDBury</username>
        <id>100013</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Names */ Reply</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19758" xml:space="preserve">== Welcome ==

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[Wikibooks:Welcome|Welcome]] to Wikibooks, RDBury!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- FIRST COLUMN --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Crystal Clear app kedit.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''First steps tutorial'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
'''Wikibooks is for [[WB:AGF|collaborative]] development of free&amp;nbsp;[[WB:WIW|textbooks]].'''

You do not need technical skills to [[Using Wikibooks|contribute]]. You can [[WB:BOLD|easily change most books]]. Please [[WB:CHAT|introduce yourself]], and let us know what [[WB:PROJECTS|interests you]].

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our [[Wikibooks:Wikibooks for Wikimedians|Wikimedia Orientation]] should quickly get you started.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both; padding-right:1em; text-align:right; font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;(Would you like to provide [[Template talk:Bigwelcome|feedback]] on this message?)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- SECOND COLUMN --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Icon apps query.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Getting help'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* Read the [[Using Wikibooks]] book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our [[Help:Contents|help pages]] for more information.
* You can get friendly help from the community in the [[WB:HELP|user assistance room]] or our [[irc:wikibooks|IRC channel]].
* Upload freely licensed files to [[commons:Wikimedia Commons|Wikimedia Commons]]. You may [[WB:RFP|request permission]] to upload [[w:fair use|fair use]] files locally. Please include author and source {{tl|information}} and a {{nowrap|{{tl|non-free use rationale}}}} for [[WB:FU|non-free]] files.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #14304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola filesystems trashcan full.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Made a mistake?'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* You can [[WB:REVERT|restore]] a previously saved version.
* Pages should follow the [[WB:NP|&lt;code&gt;'''Book Title/Chapter Title'''&lt;/code&gt;]] naming convention.
* Need to rename a page? Use the ''move'' tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for [[WB:HELP|help]]).
* To request a page be deleted, add {{tlx|delete|''your reason''}} to the top of the page.
* Was a page you made deleted? Please read the [[WB:DP|deletion policy]], and check the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] to find out why. Also check the [[WB:RFD|RFD]] archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at [[WB:RFU]], or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible selected&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Transmission icon.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Goodies, tips and tricks'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* Please fill in [[WB:ES|the edit summary]] and [[WB:PREVIEW|preview]] your edits before saving.
* Sign your name on [[WB:TALK|discussion pages]] by typing &amp;#126;&amp;#126;&amp;#126;&amp;#126;
* User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the ''Gadgets'' tab of [[Special:Preferences|''my preferences'']]; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit ''save''!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 13:50, 23 February 2017 (UTC)

== Gedankenexperiment ==

Hi.  I would like (without, I hope, jostling your elbow too much) to ask you a &quot;hypothetical&quot; question.  Not as something needing an urgent answer, but just to let your back brain work on, taking time to think it through, whilst you're on about your business on other things.  (Do other people's minds work that way?  Mine certainly does.)

Suppose wiki markup could specify not only text and hyperlinks (and images, and tables, and mathematical formulae), but also interactive elements:  things like text input boxes, and dropdown menus, and buttons that would take information that's been input and send it to a page, and of course wiki markup that says what to do with information that's been sent to the current page by a button.  Oh, and the ability to do simple computations using the information.  It seems to me that, with these sorts of primitives in wiki markup, one ought to be able to build all sorts of interesting things.  One of the sorts of things one might be able to do with it, seemingly, would be to build interactive &quot;exercises&quot; for a wikibook.  Such as, for example, devices that might help a reader with, say, an introduction to rigorous mathematical thinking.

So my question to think about is, what sort of interactive exercises might be useful to create for an introductory book on rigorous mathematical thinking?
: [One might also imagine interactive ''demonstrations''.]

My reason for asking is, I have been developing tools to give wiki markup these sorts of primitives, and I'm looking for ways to apply them usefully.  As you might imagine (especially if you work with mathematical proof), [[Help:Dialog|having the primitives]] is a far cry from knowing how to use them to good effect.  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 12:37, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

:Not sure how helpful it would be for what I'm working on now, but it does seem like it would be useful for more elementary texts. Suppose that in order to advance to the next section of a book you were asked to take a miniquiz on the section you just read. That way readers could make sure they understand the concepts well before building on them. I've seen this kind of thing in [[w:Duolingo]], though I don't think you could learn a language from Duolingo alone. It might be more useful for other projects such as Wikidata or Wikivoyage. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 14:49, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

:: Hm, it would make sense that interactive stuff would be easier to conceptualize for more elementary books.  There might be some really cool stuff that could be done for [[Wikijunior]].&amp;nbsp;:-)&amp;nbsp; The more advanced and cerebral the topic, the more difficult it would be to devise a way of using interactivity for it... though it does seem the rewards of successfully ''finding'' a way would remain high.  (It's interesting you think of Wikidata and Wikivoyage.  My sense is that the tools could be useful for really ''all'' the wikimedia sister projects, but I originally envisioned and created them for Wikinews, then ported them to Wikibooks with the thought that, because Wikibooks is in effect a confederation of thousands of microprojects, it could be a great venue for exploring a wide range of possible uses.)  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 16:40, 6 March 2017 (UTC)
:::I thought of another potential application in allowing users to select which of several variations of a page to display without writing multiple versions of the same page. StrategyWiki.com does this kind of thing with games which appear on multiple platforms. So rather than have one version of a page for people playing on the GameCube and other for people playing on the PlayStation, they have a template which allows the reader to select which platform they're using and another template which customizes which controls are displayed. You can see this at work at [http://strategywiki.org/wiki/Metroid_Prime/Controls]. I'm not sure how this is implemented but I suspect it uses some custom coding. It seems to me though that dialog boxes could do something similar here but with more flexibility. It could be used for example in books on programming languages where there are different versions. For example there are now two books Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 2.6 and Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3.0; I happen to know that the differences between the two versions is not that big, even if they are incompatible, so possibly they could be merged with the help of a version selector at the top. Another idea would be to have a selector for metric vs. US measures on recipes. It would be nice of people's selection could be remembered from page to page, but I don't know how far the dialog box functionality extends. It is a drawback of the StrategyWiki.com implementation that you have to keep reselecting the platform on each page. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 11:25, 7 March 2017 (UTC)

== Review ==

Just wondering if you have any thoughts on something that's been puzzling me.  Your account does not have the review bit.  Yet, users are supposed to be automatically promoted to reviewer when they meet certain criteria, and I don't really see any of those criteria you don't meet.  Maybe I'm overlooking something.  The criteria are listed at [[WB:Reviewers]].  (I've wished for years there were a way to ''ask the wiki software'' which criteria it didn't think a user account satisifed.)  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 15:29, 26 March 2017 (UTC)
:I think the issue is I have less than 100 edits. I've done a bit of editing on Wikipedia but that doesn't carry over, it seems. Not that concerned about it for now though. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 23:43, 29 March 2017 (UTC)
:: Oh.  Heh.  Yeah, you've been around so long, and have been doing such great stuff, I guess it just never even occurred to me to check that.  Though you're awfully close... 97, I think.  Anyway, I certainly agree it's not a big deal; just a curiosity.  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 00:03, 30 March 2017 (UTC)
::: Rofl.  I'd been finding it more and more puzzling than you hadn't been autopromoted, and finally decided to investigate closely, called up the autopromotion criteria and your account stats &amp;mdash; only to discover you were autopromoted about twenty minutes ago.&amp;nbsp;:-D&amp;nbsp; --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 18:06, 29 May 2017 (UTC)
::::Hm, I'm currently at about 160 edits so maybe that's the cutoff. Or maybe the script is only run every couple of months. I'm still not even sure if I'll notice the difference :) --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 03:28, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

== [[Mathematical Proof and the Principles of Mathematics/Introduction/The reason this book was written|The reason this book was written]] ==

Was just reading this page.  Seems to have come out really well; I find myself wanting to read the book attached to it (the book much of which doesn't exist yet&amp;nbsp;:-).  Comparing the text as-now-is to the page you inherited from the previous incarnation of the book, I'm thinking this may be one of those times when iterative collaboration works especially well.

I was most interested in the perspective on the history, extending backward and forward from G&amp;ouml;del; I've my own perspective on that history, inevitably shaped by the particular aspects of it engaged by my own pursuits &amp;mdash; neither better nor worse in principle, I suppose, that the perspective on the ''reason this book was written'' page, though certainly less suitable for this particular book.  Do I detect intuitionism at work, in your philosophy?  (Not criticizing, just wondering.)  Cf. [http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/5425#comment-94308], first bit about the history (stopping at &quot;Now, about proving Gödel's theorem&quot;).  I don't notice anything on Wikibooks atm directly about the history of mathematical foundations...  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 17:21, 6 June 2017 (UTC)
:Thanks for the feedback. Actually the &quot;Why this book was written&quot; page was mostly by other authors. I will take credit (or blame) for the history chapter though, but there's still a few sections worth of material to be added. Not really an intuitionist myself, though I have been exposed to the viewpoint quite a bit doing research for the book, so I'm trying to keep an open mind. I'm trying to stay officially agnostic on the philosophical issues anyway; just reporting on what's currently being used, right or wrong, but mentioning the arguments of the dissenters as well. I'm including a history of the foundations because it seemed necessary for the goals the book is meant to achieve and because I happened to have a  book or two on the subject. Mathematics is often considered to be a dry subject, and hopefully knowing a bit about why we're where we are and the arguments about where we should be going will help avoid that perception. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 20:37, 6 June 2017 (UTC)
:: Interesting that you see it as mostly by the other authors.  I did look at the version before your edits, so I think I have some sense of what was there and what you introduced, but from those facts it's then a subjective judgement whether your contribution is large or small; you certainly did work with what you were given, yet it seems to me greatly enhanced by your part in it.  It's often possible, I think, for a number of editors working on material like that to produce something richer than any one of them would have been likely to produce (when things work out well, which of course they don't always). &lt;p&gt; Having read Kuhn's ''Structure of Scientific Revolutions'', and being exposed to the idea that Mathematics doesn't do that (&quot;In mathematics alone each generation adds a new story to the old structure&quot;, as Hankel put it), then studying the history leading up to Hamilton's discovery of quaternions, I was rather stunned when I first realized the events I was reading about were a classic paradigm shift ([https://fexpr.blogspot.com/2014/03/the-great-vectors-versus-quaternions.html]).  Not that I disagree with Hankel, either.  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 23:35, 6 June 2017 (UTC)
:::I read Kuhn as well, though I was too young to fully appreciate it at the time. It was an interesting course though; we were also assigned the SciFi ''Inherit the Stars'' by James P. Hogan. I wasn't familiar with the Hankel quote, but even allowing for the time in which he was writing it seems like he should have known better. I'm pretty sure he wouldn't have used the method of exhaustion to find a volume or geometric algebra to solve an equation. I think the difference is that in math the revolutions are much more protracted affairs, taking centuries rather than generations. But if you try to read a math book from 200 years ago the difference in language and methodology is obvious. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 07:54, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
:::: The more complete Hankel quote is
::::: In most sciences one generation tears down what another has built and what one has established another undoes. In mathematics alone each generation adds a new story to the old structure.
:::: Granted mathematics evolves, and mathematicians (like all scientists, actually) try to make the history of their subject seem more purely cumulative than it is, I still think there is something to Hankel's remark, something qualitatively different from other fields. &lt;p&gt; I'm wary of the 'slow-motion revolution' concept.  In any science there are &quot;fashions&quot; that change slowly as well as revolutions that happen relatively rapidly.  The mathematical foundations shift in the first half of the nineteenth century (basically from intuition to axioms) was rapid; from a distance, rather like throwing a switch; and the mathematical foundations shift a century later, presumably, like blowing a fuse; about as rapid as you can expect such a thing to be.  Certainly the ''effect'' of the early-nineteenth-century shift was explosive development of mathematics.  The effect of G&amp;ouml;del has been somehow less heartening.  (A great deal of naive enthusiasm went out of the world in the first half of the twentieth century; there was WWI, the Great Depression, G&amp;ouml;del's Theorems, WWII.  One might even add quantum mechanics to the list.)  --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 18:04, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
:::I guess I'm looking at things more as general trends than as specific events. So I'm lumping the whole 19th century foundation shift to the adoption of category theory as one long movement (probably still ongoing) rather than several short ones, though I certainly see your point of view. There were 200 years between Thales and Euclid, but there were a few landmarks on the way, like Zeno &amp; Aristotle, so it wouldn't be wrong to consider that period as a number of revolutions rather than a one slowly moving one.
:::I don't see Gödel's work as having a disheartening influence, or if it did it was only temporary. Humbling perhaps, but I don't think humility is ever really a bad thing in the quest for knowledge. Giving up the geocentric model of the universe was humbling in the same way, but it was very freeing in that paved the way for modern cosmology, a vastly more rich and interesting view of the cosmos. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 13:01, 9 June 2017 (UTC)

== Names ==

A few ideas for your book's name:
*Making game videos (actually this one sucks now I say it out loud.)
*How to record video games (better than the one above at least)
*How to record videos of a video game (it made no sense but made me chuckle, so I've put it here anyway.)
*A guide to recording video games
*How to become a [youtuber / streamer] (though if the book's scope is not ''that'' large, it may cause disappointment to readers)

That's it. My mind is blank. You don't have to choose one of the above, im just trying to give you a few ideas for a better name (as you said you don't like current title that much on Mbrickn's talk page). &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:50, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

:Thanks. I like the second one best, except recording is only part of the process. Perhaps &quot;How to record and publish gaming video&quot;? [[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 09:49, 1 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>e78h3fo9sewux3woid5vpmh4jrymcin</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cannabis</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>386457</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088376</id>
      <parentid>3263863</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T22:27:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nostriker</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>updated text of warning</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="133" xml:space="preserve">{{Warning|Possession of cannabis is a crime in many countries. Be sure to familiarize yourself with the relevant laws in your area.}}</text>
      <sha1>nd6scks8sgf1niv8avwlbhy6ao86pvj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>399714</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088358</id>
      <parentid>4088204</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:18:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Samuel.dellit</username>
        <id>1387936</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* SPENCER */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1266561" xml:space="preserve">{{incomplete}}
{{WikipediaCredit}}

{{CompactTOC8|side=yes}}

Thumbnail Radio Biographies sorted alphabetically by surname

'''Many of the stars of Australia's Radio Universe'''

'''Covering the full gamut from hypergiants to brown dwarfs'''

'''Each lit the way forward to broadcasting in Australia'''

=='''A'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ABBISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Frederick Abbiss|Abbiss, John Edwin Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZJ-6H9] - 1907(Eng)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Balmoral, 1930; Morningside, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 581, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Evans Deakin shipyards) - Halcyon: p. 83, Abiss - Electoral Rolls: engineering draftsman (Morningside, 1936); draftsman (Coorparoo, 1937; Morningside, 1949-1977) 
===''ABBOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Nicholson Abbott|Abbott, Reginald Nicholson or Nicolson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FTG] - 1897(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3VR Melbourne (Alphington, 1923-1927); 3ABB Melbourne (Caulfield, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 273, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Alphinton, 1925-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949); technician (Caulfield, 1954-1977)
* [[/Roy Edgar Abbott|Abbott, Roy Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6MT-CZX] - 1902(NSW)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 2YK Dorrigo (1930-1931); 2YK Telegraph Point (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 668, 1921; AOCP, not yet identified; 2COCP 179, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Dorrigo, 1930; Telegraph Point, 1933-1937; Mittagong, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Thomas Kingsmill Abbott|Abbott, Thomas Kingsmill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHFH-4FH] - 1891(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 2TK Wingen (1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely military) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Graziers' Assoc NSW) - Comment: beware other contemporaneous TK Abbotts - Electoral Rolls: overseer (Muralla, 1913); grazier (Wollongong, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/209607 Obit]
===''ABRAHAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Abrahams|Abrahams, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G836-Y6P] - 1903(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3FA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6089, 1966 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (St Kilda, 1925-1931); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1935-1936; Malvern, 1943-1967; Toorak, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of Louis Henry Abrahams
* [[/Louis Henry Abrahams|Abrahams, Louis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GJ-GZP] - 1889(Vic)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1; director (Victorian Radio Interests Ltd); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: potter (Brunswick, 1909); tobacconist (South Yarra, 1912-1921); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1924-1926); burner (Brunswick, 1937-1942) - Relationships: brother of 3FA Frank Abrahams

===''ACKERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Adam Ackerman|Ackerman, Joseph Adam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZV-49L] - 1911(NSW)-1993(Qld) - Licences: 2ALG Sydney (Carlton, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2ALG Wentworthville (1950); 2ALG Sydney (Parramatta, 1954-1958; North Rocks, 1960-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2229, 1938, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Paddington, 1932; Annandale, 1933-1936; Kogarah, 1937-1943; Carlton, 1949); clerk (Parramatta, 1954-1958); senior supervisor (Wentworthville, 1963; Epping, 1968-1972); retired (Sans Souci, 1977; Hurstville, 1980)
===''ACKLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Daniel Ackling|Ackling, Harold Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD5F-8RK] - 1892(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2PX Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 612, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Randwick, 1913); machinist (Bankstown, 1930-1980)
===''ACKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Frederick Gloucester Ackland|Ackland, Stanley Frederick Gloucester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5PB-C2Y] - 1904(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Prospect, 1923); 5SF Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1931; Linden Park, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 21, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Burnside, 1939-1943)

===''ADAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Adams|Adams, Frank John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-29V] - 1880(Eng)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3XO Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3XO Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 155, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; manager - Electoral Rolls: motor garage proprietor (Brighton, 1913); garage proprietor (Elsternwick, 1919-1921; Brighton, 1922-1924); manager (Brighton, 1925-1954); nil (Brighton, 1963-1968)
* [[/Peter Harry Arthur Adams|Adams, Peter Harry Arthur &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3N-XMC] - 1909(NSW)-1984(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Sydney (Cremorne, 1923-1924); 2JX Sydney (Cremorne, 1927; Manly, 1929; Cremorne, 1930; Gordon, 1931; Woolahra, 1933; Epping, 1933; Cremorne, 1935-1936; Thornleigh, 1937; Waverton, 1938-1939; Denistone, 1946-1947; Avalon Beach, 1948-1950); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1954-1961); 2JX Sydney (Pymble, 1965-1969); 2JX Nambucca Heads (1975); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 380, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933); labourer (Epping, 1934); engineer (St Kilda, 1934); radio engineer (Thornleigh, 1937; Darlinghurst, 1943); engineer (Avalon Beach, 1949; Wentworth Falls, 1958); retired (Valla Beach, 1972-1977; Wentworth Falls, 1980)
===''ADAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Kenneth Adamson|Adamson, William Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MLXZ-HX5] - 1905(SA)-1982(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923-1924); 5WA Adelaide (Parkside, 1925-1927; Fullarton, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 135, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''AGNEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Gordon Carlisle Agnew|Agnew, Robert Gordon Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDKK-D8Y] - 1904(WA)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6RA Perth (Nedlands, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 721, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (North Perth, WA, 1925; Nedlands, WA, 1931-1972)

===''AKEROYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gordon Akeroyd|Akeroyd, Arthur Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F2-JXL] - 1890(Vic)-1948(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Meteorologist, Forecasting and Statistical Division, Victoria) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1915); meteorologist (Northcote, 1921-1937); civil servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/akeroyd-arthur-gordon-9321 ADB]

===''ALDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Oscar Edward Alder|Alder, Oscar Edward &quot;Ock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ2-D3P] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4JB Brisbane (Albion, 1928-1939, 1946-1948; Chermside, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 423, 1928, No. 47 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wool classer - Halcyon: p. 28, 84, 137 - Electoral Rolls: student (Albion, 1919); wool classer (Albion, 1925-1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); warehouse assistant (Chermside, 1949-1980)
===''ALDERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Zerbini Alderman|Alderman, Valentine Zerbini]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVL-F8N] - 1893(SA)-1919(SA) - Licences: XVC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALEXANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Talbot Meredith Alexander|Alexander, Talbot Meredith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1FJ-MZN] - 1888(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4TM Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1931-1933); 4TM Townsville (North Ward, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 315, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kew, Vic, 1912-1914); wireless instructor (Melbourne City, 1925-1926); superintendent wireless (Glenferrie, Vic, 1926-1927); sales representative (City, Brisbane, 1928); business manager (North Ward, Qld, 1936-1937); instructor (Paddington, Qld, 1943); commercial traveller (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949; New Farm, 1954-1958); retired (Moorooka, 1968-1977)

===''ALLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus John Allan|Allan, Angus John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2C-YWF] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5UL Adelaide (Ovingham, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2013, 1937, SA; 1COCP 458, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ovingham, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/John Allan|Allan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-PFG] - 1905(Sct)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Chermside, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1938, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous JAs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Mason Allard|Allard, George Mason]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HT-JMV] - 1866(Eng)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman of Directors (AWA); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Honours: knighted; K.B. - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Wahroonga, 1930-1937); accountant (Wahroonga, 1943-1949) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allard-sir-george-mason-4999 ADB]

===''ALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Allen|Allen, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69B-SGR] - 1902(Tas)-1969(Tas) - Licences: 7PA Hobart (New Town, 1933-1937; Moonah, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1171, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 7AL Thomas Arthur Allen - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (New Town, 1928-1936; Moonah, 1937-1954)
* [[/George Alexander Allen|Allen, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3H-DJK] - 1891(Sct)-1965(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 49, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Kenneth Douglas Allen|Allen, Kenneth Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N5-19J] - 1907(WA)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 2GX Sydney (West Ryde, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 648, 1930, NSW; 3COCP 4263, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Army, Royal Australian Engineers, Lieutenant, 1940) - Education: BSc (Syd Uni, 1933) - Electoral Rolls: student (West Ryde, 1930-1935); director (Woolwich, 1936-1937); soldier (Woolwich, 1943); engineer (Woolwich, 1963-1972; Hunters Hill, 1977; Gladesville, 1980)
* [[/Robert Kelvin Allen|Allen, Robert Kelvin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTK-TH9] - 1916(Qld)-1942(Indonesia) - Licences: 4PR Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1634, 1936, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 13 Squadron, Pilot Officer), (Halcyon, p. 177) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/allen-robert-kelvin-404945/]
* [[/Thomas Arthur Allen|Allen, Thomas Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SQ-9YN] - 1916(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7AL Hobart (New Town, 1936-1939, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne,1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1738, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 7PA Albert Edward Allen - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1943-1954); director (Lindisfarne, 1963-1972)
===''ALLINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Thirlmier John Allinson|Allinson, Lancelot Thirlmier John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L81B-F4P] - 1896(NSW)-1961(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 804, 1924 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radiotelegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Broome, WA, 1931; Como, WA, 1931; South Perth, WA, 1936-1943; Broome, WA, 1949-1954); telegraphist (Esperance, WA, 1958)
===''ALLSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Cottam Allsop|Allsop, Raymond Cottam &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJLT-SNJ] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XCA Sydney (Randwick, 1911-1914); 2YG Sydney (Randwick, 1924; Coogee 1924-1929; Roseville, 1930); 2AYG Sydney (Roseville, 1946-1947+); 2NA Sydney (Roseville, 1961); 2BL Sydney (Roseville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW); broadcaster (2BL, chief engineer); journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1920s); military (RAN Volunteer Reserve, Lieutenant; WW2 (RAN, Engineer Lieutenant); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 (obo Broadcasters Sydney Ltd; federal public servant (ABCB, member, 1953-1954) - Honours: Coronation Medal, 1937; OBE, 1971 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1930); engineer (Roseville, 1933; Gordon, 1937; Roseville, 1943); electronic engineer (Roseville, 1949); director (South Yarra, 1954); engineer (Roseville, 1958-1968) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allsop-raymond-cottam-ray-9344 ADB]; [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199001.pdf EA]
===''ALSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Russell Alsop|Alsop, John Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB3-WXQ] - 1906(Vic)-1973(Vic) - 3MI Melbourne (Kew, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 76, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''AMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Edgar Ames|Ames, Clement Edgar &quot;Clem&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDX-JF8] - 1889(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: XVG Adelaide (Torrensville, 1913-1914); 5AV Adelaide (Kent Town, 1923; Hindmarsh, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator 5WI (1925) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Allenby Gardens, 1939-43)

===''ANCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Leslie Finion Ancher|Ancher, Norman Leslie Finion or Tinian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-MCQ] - 1910(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 5NA Adelaide (Mile End, 1937-1939); 2NH Sydney (Lindfield, 1946-1947; Mosman, 1948-1954; Cremorne, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2057, 1937, SA; BOCP 476, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Chatswood, NSW, 1934); sound engineer (West Maitland, NSW, 1936); engineer (Mile End, SA, 1939; Rose Park, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949; Cremorne, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Cremorne, NSW, 1972); technical officer (Lane Cove, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''ANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Ronald Anderson|Anderson, Alexander Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-L6J] - 1914(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5GM Adelaide (Eastwood, 1936-1939, 1947; Payneham South, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1700, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Eastwood, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Andrew Oswald Anderson|Anderson, Andrew Oswald &quot;Oswald&quot;, &quot;Andy&quot;, &quot;A.O.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-Z8L] - 1885(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Mosman, 1913); manager (Rose Bay, 1930; Vaucluse, 1934-1935) - Links: [https://ozvta.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/anderson-oswald-1062017.pdf Bio]
* [[/Eric William Alfred Anderson|Anderson, Eric William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WX-744] - 1908(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3KH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1928-1931; Glen Iris, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 424, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); engineer (Camberwell, 1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1968; Burwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frederic Brian Anderson|Anderson, Frederic Brian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YN-TYJ] - 1918(Eng)-2008(SA)90yo - Licences: 5FA Tanunda (1934-1939); 5FA Waikerie (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1351, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tanunda, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/G. R. Anderson|Anderson, G. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Gilberton, 1923); 5GA Adelaide (Highgate, 1931-1933; Myrtle Bank, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Francis Anderson|Anderson, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JJ-WFL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JA Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3JA Nullawarre (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 661, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Warrnambool, 1936; Nullawarre, 1937-1980)- Comment: Several contemporaneous JFAs
* [[/Keith Sydney Anderson|Anderson, Keith Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-8J9] - 1911(WA)-1944(Vic) - Licences: 6KS Perth (North Perth, 1935); 6KS Mt Magnet (1937); 6KS Perth (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1487, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, 2nd/1st Infantry Battalion, Private) - Electoral rolls: bank officer (Mt Magnet, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/618137 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1691738 Roll of Honour]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10295040 AWM]
* [[/Maurice Bernard Anderson|Anderson, Maurice Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC3V-WL9] - 1908(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1923-1924); 5MA Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1925-1928); 3AMA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 103, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; fitter - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, Qld, 1931-1937)
* [[/Percy James Anderson|Anderson, Percy James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WN-6Y7] - 1908(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PA Melbourne (Westgarth, 1928-1933; West Preston, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PA Dooen (1965-1969); 3PA Geelong (Wallington, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 428, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Westgarth, 1934); engineer (Preston, 1936-1963); technician (Horsham, 1967-1968); retired (Wallington, 1972-1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3JR Christopher James Rainbow
* [[/Robert Arthur Crosbie Anderson|Anderson, Robert Arthur Crosbie &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VK-GZN] - 1908(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3WY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 691, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Camberwell, 1931-1949; Glen Iris, 1954-1967; Burwood, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''ANEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Anear|Anear, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XLK-9D6] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5LK Carrow (1929-1931); 9WZ Momote, Admiralty Islands (1954); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1955); 3AGF Melbourne (Laverton, 1960); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 556, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as Francis George Anear

===''ANGEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Benjamin Angel|Angel, Henry Benjamin &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWW-K4Y] - 1891(Eng)-1998(Qld, 106yo) - Licences: 4HA Brisbane (St Lucia, 1935-1939; Enoggera, 1946-1969; Lota, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1503, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW1, AIF Signals; WW2, AMF, Navy); business proprietor (radio service) - QSLs: Entire collection held by SLQ - Halcyon: p. 51, 60, 81, 163 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919; Toowong, Qld, 1919-1925); carrier (St Lucia, Qld, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Lota, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''ANSCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Arthur Anscombe|Anscombe, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TL-7LR] - 1888(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: turner &amp; fitter (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1913; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1914); mechanic (Albert Park, Vic, 1919); manager (Box Hill, Vic, 1927-1943)

===''ANTHONY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Henry Anthony|Anthony, Michael Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK3H-6B7] - 1894(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); telegraphist (Prahran, 1921-1924); clerk (Oakleigh, 1934); railway employee (Sandringham, Vic, 1936-1942); telegraphist (Sandringham, 1954-1963)
* [[/Reginald Major Anthony|Anthony, Reginald Major &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYN-YWG] - 1908(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5CM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1937; Medindie Gardens, 1938-1939; Prospect, 1946-1960; Somerton Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 324, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Wilfred Boykett Anthony - Electoral Rolls: Nil
* [[/Wilfred Boykett Anthony|Anthony, Wilfred Boykett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYJ-3HZ] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil identified - amateur receive operator, WW2 - Relationships: Brother of Reginald Major Anthony - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Netherby, 1939-1941)

===''APPERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Apperley|Apperley, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNQ-5XG] - 1887(NZ)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 704, 1922; 1COCP 237, 1931 - NZ Gov. Telegraphs pre 1910; British Colonial Gov, 1910-1912; AWA (from 1913; Chief Marconi Wireless School 1914-1916; Works Manager 1916-1919; technical superintendent 1919-1923; OIC Beam Wireless 1924; Traffic Manager, Beam Wireless - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1922); manager (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, Vic, 1931-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1943); engineer (Manly, NSW, 1954)

===''ARCHIBALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Wilson Archibald|Archibald, Ian Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-9LC] - 1902(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2BJ Receive Tingha (1922); 2KU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1928-1939, 1946-1955; Sans Souci, 1956-1965; Noraville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 457, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 2393, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1933); engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1936-1954); chemist (Sans Souci, 1958-1963); retired (Noraville, 1968)

===''ARGAET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stanislaus Argaet|Argaet, William Stanislaus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-8Z8] - 1894(NSW)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4KH Brisbane (Wynnum, 1931-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (Wynnum bus service) - Halcyon, p. 87, 127 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, 1925); bus proprietor (Wynnum, 1928-1949)

===''ARMATI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rex Gordon Armati|Armati, Rex Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2S42-XKH] - 1899(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4DB Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1921-1928); salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1936-1943); employment officer (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1954-1958; Kings Cross, 1963); shipping clerk (Surry Hills, 1968-1972)
===''ARMSTRONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Howard Armstrong|Armstrong, Edwin Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5ZX-354] - 1890(USA)-1954(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - USA inventor of the superheterodyne receiver [https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Club-of-America/Legacies-of-Edwin-Howard-Armstong-1990-11-Radio-Club-of-America.pdf RCA 1990 Special Edition]
* [[/Stanley John Armstrong|Armstrong, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4V-K7Y] - 1910?(NSW)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4ZK Brisbane (Enoggera, 1932-1933); 4SA Brisbane (Enoggera, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1004, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Windsor, Qld, 1919); clerk (Enoggera, Qld, 1922-1968)
* [[/Thomas Armstrong|Armstrong, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Q-GGZ] - 1895(Sct)-1964(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 217, 1916; 1COCP 132, 1930 - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD) - senior federal public servant (Superintendent, Wireless Branch, NSW, PMGD), promoted to role upon retirement of William Tamillas Stephen Crawford

===''ARNOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Sydney Arnold|Arnold, Albert Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M2W-ZG2] - 1882(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: XAB Sydney (Ashfield, 1911-1914) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1913-1954); company secretary (Hurlstone Park, 1958); retired (Hurlstone Park, 1963)
* [[/Edwin Charles Arnold|Arnold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8QX-H7J] - 1898(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2BY Receive Tamworth (1922); 2BY Tamworth (1923-1925); 2BY Coolah (1925-1927); 2BY Sydney (Manly, 1928; Mona Vale, 1933-1936); 2AGW Sydney (Manly, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 226, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Mona Vale, 1931-1934), clerk (Balgowlah Heights, 1943-1968)
* [[/Ernest Noel Arnold|Arnold, Ernest Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84H-8J6] - 1907(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Albury (1923-1924); 2OJ Albury (1928-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 452, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albury, 1930-1937); fruit merchant (Albury, 1949-1977)
* [[/Joseph Leslie Grahame Arnold|Arnold, Joseph Leslie Grahame &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L853-R3J] - 1912(Vic)-1991(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Launceston (City, 1934-1939; Invermay, 1946-1956; Mowbray, 1960-1969; City, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1263, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: textile worker (Launceston North, 1936-1954); mechanic (Mowbray, 1968)

===''ARTHUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Glendon Arthur|Arthur, Charles James Glendon &quot;Glen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-T62] - 1915(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences 4GJ Dayboro (1935-1939); 4GJ Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1450, 1935, Qld; BOCP?; 2COCP 493, 1941; 1COCP 639, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 80 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wagga Wagga, 1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, 1949-1980)

===''ASHBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. W. C. Ashbury|Ashbury, A. W. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ASHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice John Ashby|Ashby, Maurice John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX49-L1C] - 1901(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4DH Receive Dalby (1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 899, 1925; 2COCP 94, 1930; 1COCP 281, 1932 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Dalby, 1922); labourer (Greenslopes, 1925); salesman (Glebe, 1933; Northbridge, 1935-1936; Epping, 1937); radio telegraphist (New Farm, Qld, 1943); planning assistant (Haberfield, NSW, 1943; Pennant Hills, NSW, 1949; Thornleigh, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Avalon Beach, NSW, 1968-1972)

===''ASHLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Richard Ashley|Ashley, George William Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF96-CMZ] - 1919(Eng)-1999(WA) - Licences: 6GA Perth (Carlisle, 1938-1939, 1947-1954); 6GA Kalgoorlie (1955-1956); 6GA Perth (Mt Yokine, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2094, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlisle, WA, 1943-1949); communications officer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1958); clerk (Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''ASHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Robert Ashlin|Ashlin, Eric Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSRF-44C] - 1910(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4EA Brisbane (Annerley, 1931-1933); 4EA Toowoomba (1937-1939); 4EA Coolangatta (1946-1947); 4EA Bilinga (1948-1975) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 873, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Rosentengels, radio service); military (WW2; signals officer) - Halcyon: p. 73, 127, 163 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1943; Bilinga, Qld, 1949-1963); TV technician (Bilinga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''ASMUSSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Asmussen|Asmussen, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - Licences: 4ZJA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1965); 4FA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980+) - amateur operator, JOTA participant 1960s

===''ATHELSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. N. Athelstone|Athelstone, G. N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5NG Central Australia (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Joseph Atkins|Atkins, Kenneth Joseph &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCXH-NW7] - 1912(Eng)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (Semaphore, 1932-1939; Woodville Park, 1946-1948; Eden Hills, 1954; Blackwood Park, 1955-1960; Campbelltown, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 910, 1932, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 415, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Dept. Civil Aviation) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Semaphore, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)
* [[/Leslie Morton Atkins|Atkins, Leslie Morton &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCTV-T5T] - 1876(Vic)-1949(WA) - Licences: 4LA Townsville (1924-1926); 5LA Adelaide (Magill, 1926-1931; Tusmore, 1933; Erindale, 1937-1939); seems to have operated in Townsville as 4GD ca Nov 1924? - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (telegraphist, east-west overland telegraph, Eucla, 1910); engineer (PMGD, divisional engineer) - Halcyon: AOCP Townsville 1925, p. 88 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Eucla, 1903-1910; Victoria Park, 1912-1916); district engineer (Townsville, 1919-1925); engineer (Tusmore, 1939); retired (Lismore Base Hospital, NSW, 1943)

===''ATKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Marshall Atkinson|Atkinson, John Marshall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89L-C6R] - 1906(Eng)-1999(ACT) - Licences: 2RZ Sydney (Mosman, 1927-1930; Carrs Park, 1931-1936; Glebe, 1937; Chippendale, 1938-1939); 4RZ Labrador (1955); 4RZ Gatton (1956-1960); 4RZ Southport (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 331, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); organiser (Darlinghurst, 1943); shopkeeper (Gatton, 1958-1963; Labrador, 1968); retired (Southport, 1972-1980)
* [[/Noel Whittaker Atkinson|Atkinson, Noel Whittaker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2XX-V88] - 1908(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4WK  Brisbane (1929), 4NA Brisbane (1930-1935, Check), 4BT Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1946-1965+) - Qualifications: AOCP 530, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, business proprietor (radio sales &amp; service), federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: - radio mechanic (Camp Hill, 1937-1977) - (Halcyon, p. 102)
* [[/Reginald Aubrey Atkinson|Atkinson, Reginald Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V5M-WJC] - 1895(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4RA Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1928-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 412, 1928, No. 46 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1919); accountant (Rosewood, 1925); timber merchant (Yeronga, 1925; Thompson Estate, 1937-1949; Southport, 1958-1963)
* [[/Robert Henry Atkinson|Atkinson, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-2P3] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WZ Perth (Victoria Park, 1936-1939); 6WZ Geraldton (1947-1955); 6WZ Albany (1956-1965); 6WZ Katanning (1969); 6WZ Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1804, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Victoria Park, WA, 1936-1937); radio announcer (Geraldton, WA, 1943); broadcast station manager (Geraldton, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Albany, WA, 1958-1968); radio announcer (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''AUGUSTESEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Gerald Augustesen|Augustesen, Gordon Gerald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-LF9] - 1915(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4JN Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1932-1939); 4XQ Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1947-1948; Oakleigh, 1954-1960; Kenmore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1046, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, radar technician); business proprietor (Telair) - Halcyon: p. 85, 127 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mitchelton, Qld, 1943); manager (Auchenflower, Qld, 1949; Dorrington, Qld, 1954-1963; Kenmore, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''AUSTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emanuel Maxwell Austin|Austin, Emanuel Maxwell &quot;Mannie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-98K] - 1909(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2KZ Kurri Kurri (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 477, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clipper (Kurri Kurri, 1930-1980)
* [[/Henry Lashbrooke Austin|Austin, Henry Lashbrooke &quot;Hal&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4V2-LDC] - 1902(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BN Adelaide (Norwood, 1923-1928); 5AW Adelaide (Rose Park, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 101, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Victoria Park, SA, 1939; Rose Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Selwood Charles Austin|Austin, Selwood Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TVV] - 1902(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6SA Perth (Victoria Park, 1927; South Perth, 1930-1956; Maida Vale, 1960-1969; Morley, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 625, 1921; 1COCP 134, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother-in-law of Stanley Hogg - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Perth, WA, 1931-1958); police officer (Maida Vale, WA, 1963-1968; Kalamunda, WA, 1972); retired (Morley, WA, 1977-1980)

===''AVARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Avard|Avard, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-RRL] - 1901(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 620, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 88, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Northcote, 1925-1937); public servant (Kew, 1943-1977)

=='''B'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''BACKLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lincoln Backler|Backler, Eric Lincoln]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV8Q-6SK] - 1911(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5HK Kingston SE (1933-1939, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1093, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Kingston, SA, 1939)

===''BADENOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Herbert Lionel Badenoch|Badenoch, James Herbert Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-3XK] - 1913(NSW)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5LB Adelaide (Trinity Gardens, 1932-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1012, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BADER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Adolphus Frederick Bader|Bader, Henry Adolphus Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97M3-V5X] - 1866(Ger)-1928(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman, Trading Committee, Wireless Development Assoc (Perth); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WDA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (North Perth, 1913-1926)

===''BADGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Victor Badger|Badger, Albert Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9RY-9X6] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - 2YT Receive Sydney (Rozelle, 1923-1924), 2AB Sydney (Rozelle, 1925-1926; North Sydney, 1927-1929; Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1931-1934; Leichhardt, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 202, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator (Hobart East, 1919); picture operator (Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1934; Lilyfield, 1937-1972; Leichhardt, 1977-1980))
===''BAGST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. D. A. Bagst|Bagst, E. D. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5EB Adelaide (Woodville, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: individual not yet identified, possibly Elizabeth D. Bagst nee Boyle who married Leslie Bagst at Newtown, NSW 1925, possible YL operator

===''BAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leonard Bain|Bain, John Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4V-6SV] - 1891(Eng)-19??(NSW?) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 109, 1915 - ship wireless officer (pre WW1, WW1); journalist (technical editor, Listener-In, -1934+); clubs (IRE USA); WW1 (1916-1919); Associate Editor, Popular Radio Weekly (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Popular Radio Weekly, Victoria) - Education: B.Sc.(London) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1925-1936); journalist (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1937) - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10688424 AWM]
===''BAILEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bailey|Bailey, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKW-8PX] - 1882(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5GB Mt Gambier (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 79, 1915 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retired (Mt Gambier, 1939-1943)
* [[/Jack Harry Bailey|Bailey, Jack Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KG85-LZ4] - 1912(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4JC Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1299, 1934, Qld; BOCP 1902, 1961 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); electrical mechanic (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1954); teacher (Tarragindi, Qld, 1958-1963); college principal (Mackay, Qld, 1968); principal (Bundaberg, Qld, 1972; Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Howard Bailey|Bailey, Robert Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLM-1X6] - 1917(SA)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5NW Crystal Brook (1936-1939); 5NW Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1948; Huddleston, 1954-1960); 5NW Crystal Brook (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1764, 1936, SA; BOCP 673, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BAIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Allan Baird|Baird, Thomas William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKG-JVD] - 1886(Qld)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Receive Brisbane (Bayswater, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (AIF, 11 Field Company Engineers, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: gardener (North Pine, Qld, 1908); labourer (Bayswater, Qld, 1912-1913); storeman (Torwood, Qld, 1916-1943)

===''BAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Claude Baker|Baker, Andrew Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TG-RZ9] - 1897(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 144, 1915; 2COCP 193, 1930; 1COCP 303, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917; Rockhampton, 1919-1934)
* [[/Charles Whiteway Baker|Baker, Charles Whiteway]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL93-HYP] - 1905(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3VP Receive Bendigo (1923-1924); 3VP Bendigo (1925-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 156, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 451, 1942 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a &quot;listener&quot;); merchant - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bendigo, 1927-1931); merchant (Bendigo, 1934-1968; Kennington, 1972-1977)
* [[/Ernest James Baker|Baker, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-K5B] - 1904(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2FP Receive Newcastle (Maryville, 1922-1923); 2FP Newcastle (Maryville, 1924-1928; Wickham, 1929; Hamilton, 1930-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 69, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hamilton, 1930-1972)
* [[/Edwin Weldon Baker|Baker, Edwin Weldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWP-F1D] - 1895(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4CI Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 733, 1922 - amateur receiver - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: joiner (Northgate, 1919-1977)
* [[/John Frederick Thomas Baker|Baker, John Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY6-8XY] - 1908(???)-1977(Vic) - 3LF Melbourne (Northcote, 1927+), qualifications (AOCP 325, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, 
* [[/Herbert Edward Baker|Baker, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-245] - 1875(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Charleville (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; grazier - Halcyon: p. 81, 111 - Electoral Rolls: station manager (Charleville, 1903); grazier (Charleville, 1908-1943)
* [[/Sidney Charles Baker|Baker, Sydney or Sidney Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZSZ-J4H] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Receive Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1922-1924), 3BK Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1925-1933; Albert Park, 1937; South Melbourne, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Bonbeach, 1955-1969; Seaford, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 177, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (South Melbourne, 1937); optical mechanic (Carrum, 1963-1972); retired (Carrum, 1977)
* [[/Walter Ross Baker|Baker, Walter Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CY-D78] - 1905(SA)-1978(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)

===''BALDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Loris John Balderson|Balderson, Loris John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMVR-1RW] - 1895(Vic)-1932(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; RAAF (Flying Officer, Technical Branch, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: officer, RAAF (Footscray, 1924); flying officer (Werribee, 1925); flight-lieutenant (Werribee, 1931) - Links: [https://www.crossandcockade.com/uploads/Balderson.pdf Bio]
===''BALSILLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Graeme Balsillie|Balsillie, John Graeme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7MR-7MN] - 1885(Qld)-1924(USA) - radio business proprietor, senior federal public servant (PMGS, Commonwealth Wireless Expert), inventor, (Halcyon, not mentioned) - [https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/balsillie-john-graeme-5117 ADB]

===''BAMFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Bamfield|Bamfield, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM19-HNG] - 1892(NSW)-1918(NZL) - Licences: XQJ Corfield (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Halcyon: p. 3 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Muttaburra, Qld, 1913)

===''BANCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John Bancroft|Bancroft, Stanley John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Broadcast technician (2CY), federal public servant (PMGD, ABC)
===''BANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Edward William Banks|Banks, Harold Edward William &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S7-3BT] - 1911(NZL)-2000(Tas) - Licences: 7HB Hobart (North Hobart, 1938-1939; Richmond, 1946-1956; Penna, 1960-1965; New Town, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (New Zealand?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hobart North, 1936-1937); council clerk (Richmond, 1943-1954)
===''BANYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ingram Banyer|Banyer, Ingram]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9F95-CYX] - 1893(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: XVQ Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Blackwood, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BARBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel George Barber|Barber, Samuel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-66B] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5MV Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1933-1937; Woodville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1232, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Woodville, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM, Berri, SA, 1941; Glenelg, SA, 1943)
* [[/William Henry Barber|Barber, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY4N-QRD] - 1897(SA)-1965(WA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cumberland, 1923-1925); 5WH Adelaide (Cumberland, 1926-1931); 5WH Port Pirie (1933-1937); 6DX Kalgoorlie (1938-1939; 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 266, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1937-1963)
===''BARBIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alphonse Barbier|Barbier, Edward Alphonse or Alphonse Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-5TW] - 1904(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: 5MD Adelaide (Stockdale Reserve, 1932-1939; City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 958, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARBOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Heyward Barbour|Barbour, Kenneth Heyward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-1VZ] - 1905(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3ZI Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: AOCP 105, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARDIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Frederic Bardin|Bardin, William Frederic or Frederick &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;Old Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSS9-TG4] - 1899(Eng)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (North Carlton, 1923-1925); 4AB Townsville (1925-1927); 4AB Brisbane (Fairfield &amp; Yeronga, 1931-1933); 2ABZ Sydney (Ermington &amp; Dundas  1937-1939, 1946-1961+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 615, 1921; 1COCP 58, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); coastal radio operator (AWA); state public servant (4QG); federal public servant (Halcyon, p. 63) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1922); radio engineer (Townsville, 1925; Buranda, 1926; Fairfield, 1928); engineer (Dundas, 1936-1943; Eastwood, 1949-1968)

===''BARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Morphew Barker|Barker, Rupert Morphew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGH-7LM] - 1890(Eng)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 5RM Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1933); 7RM Hobart (City, 1947-1948; Lenah Valley, 1949-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely qualified in England) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; broadcast engineer (sound) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Yarra, Vic, 1931-1936; Hobart North, Tas, 1937; Hobart South, Tas, 1943); sound engineer (Hobart West, Tas, 1949); engineer (Moonah, Tas, 1954; New Town, Tas, 1963)
* [[/William Henry Barker|Barker, William Henry (R.?)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHGY-243] - 1905(NSW)-1956(NSW) - licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Concord, 1923-1924); 2BW Sydney (Concord, 1925-1931), qualifications: AOCP 217, 1925, No. ?? in NSW, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: electrical mechanic (Concord, 1930-1943), beware several contemporaneous William Henry Barker

===''BARLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Kenneth Barlin|Barlin, George Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2VX-DP3] - 1916(NSW)-2016(ACT) - qualifications (BOCP 67, 1937), long term employee 2CA Canberra, manager TV network
===''BARLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Barlow|Barlow, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-2FL] - 1895(NSW)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 2GQ Receive Armidale (1922); 2GQ Armidale (1922-1926); 2GQ Glen Innes (1927); 2GQ Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1928); 2GQ Canberra (1929); 2GQ Mudgee (1930-1931); 2GQ Sydney (Cammeray, 1933-1934; North Sydney, 1935-1936; Mosman, 1937-1939 &amp; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4, 1924, No. 3 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - TroveTag: &quot;2GQ - Edward Barlow&quot; - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mudgee, 1930-1932; Cammeray, 1933-1935; Milsons Point, 1936; Mosman, 1937); divisional returning officer (Bathurst, 1943; Mosman, 1949-1958)

===''BARNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Walter Barnes|Barnes, Thomas Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z6-PZ2] - 1910(Vic)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 3TB Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1929-1933; Moonee Ponds, 1937-1939; West Brunswick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 537, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 243,1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ascot Vale, 1931-1936); mechanic (Moonee Ponds, 1937-1942); electrical maintenance (West Brunswick, 1949-1980) - beware another contemporaneous Thomas Walter Barnes (1893-1925)

===''BARRACLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Barraclough|Barraclough, Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KL-MNY] - 1903(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4GY Brisbane (Kedron, 1933-1935); 4GX Brisbane (Kedron, 1935-1939; 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1075, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2); radio service (Palings) - Halcyon: p. 81 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Kedron, 1937-1972)

===''BARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Barry|Barry, William Lawrence (BMD) or Lawrence William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MK6C-NBK] - 1905(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4FQ Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: storeman (South Brisbane, Qld, 1929); taxi driver (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''BARTHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Lewis Barthold|Barthold, Godfrey Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKR-JWZ] - 1899(Vic)-1993(Vic) - 3GL Melbourne (Malvern, 1925-1927), 3BT Melbourne (Malvern, 1931-1939; Glen Iris, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 210, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, clerk (Malvern, 1924-1931), radio manufacturer (Camberwell, 1937-1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1972), retired (Mt Martha, 1977-1980)

===''BARTHOLOMEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Bartholmew|Bartholomew, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CZ-8YR] - 1861(Eng)-1942(NSW) - Licences: XBM Sydney (Mosman, 1911-1914); 2FO Receive Sydney (Kirribilli, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; company director (AWA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Milsons Point, 1930-1937) - Comment: famously charged and convicted of trading with the enemy during WW1 but only slapped on wrist (together with Ernest Thomas Fisk and Hugh Robert Denison)
===''BARTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gustavus Campbell Barton|Barton, Edward Gustavus Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ57-87Y] - 1857(Vic)-1942(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, scientist, business proprietor (Barton &amp; White) - Halcyon: not mentioned) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-edward-gustavus-campbell-9445 ADB]
* [[/Graham Francis Barton|Barton, Graham Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5P-KYT] - 1918(SA)-2005(SA) - Licences: 5BN Mt Gambier (1937-1939); 5BN Adelaide (Unley, 1947-1956; Malvern, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1993, 1937, SA; 1COCP 1709, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hyde Park, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Richard McRae Barton|Barton, Richard McRae &quot;Dick&quot;]] - 1940(???)-2021(Qld) - broadcast engineer, director engineering FACTS (1981-2001), ABU Engineering Award 2004, Fellow SMPTE, contributed to development DTV standards, chaired preparatory meeting to WRC 2000,  [https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/0a/07/R0A070000420001PDFE.pdf ITU Tribute]

===''BARTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graeme Bartram|Bartram, Graeme]] - historian (early Aus wireless: 2011 &quot;John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer&quot;[https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf])

===''BASIL-COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Frank Basil-Cooke see Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;
===''BASSETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rankin Bassett|Bassett, Francis Rankin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQZJ-28Y] - 1906(NSW)-1982(NSW) - 2FR Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1928; Arncliffe, 1929), 2FR Singleton, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 194, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother John Bassett
* [[/John Bassett|Bassett, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8M2-8XN] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2VO Receive Stroud (1923), amateur operator (AOCP 232, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother Francis Rankin Bassett

===''BATCHLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Victor Batchler|Batchler, Charles Victor &quot;Victor&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4NN-FXJ] - 1897(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: XZJ Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: Uncle of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: shift engineer (Waddamana, 1922)
* [[/Jack Copeland Batchler|Batchler, Jack Copeland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCSK-D8F] - 1910(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1932-1939); 3AJB Melbourne (1947); 7JB Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1948-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 957, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: nephew of XZJ Charles Victor Batchler; husband of 7YL Joyce Isabel Batchler nee Crowder - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Nelson, 1943-1949); no occupation (Nelson, 1972)
* [[/Joyce Isabel Crowder|Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-PKG] - 1915(Tas)-2015(Tas) - Licences: 7YL Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 1627, 1936, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL - Relationships: Wife of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Nelson, 1943-1972) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''BATE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Bate|Bate, Arthur John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKQ-PYC] - 1917(WA)-2010(SA) - Licences: 5ZA Adelaide (Adelaide City, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1891, 1937, SA; BOCP 1481, 1956; 1COCP 2049, 1967 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lister Bates|Bates, Jack Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGK-238] - 1912(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4UR Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1935-1939, 1946-1947; Lutwyche, 1948-1969; Toombul, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1430, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio Club (WIAQ, QSL Manager); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; WW2 - Halcyon: p. 12, 99, 137, 141, 145 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1943); labourer (Lutwyche, Qld, 1949-1958; Wooloowin, Qld, 1968); cashier (Toombul, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''BATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Henry Batt|Batt, Cecil Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLJ-5SB] - 1904(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Bothwell (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 434, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Bothwell, 1928); labourer (Melton Mowbray, 1936-1937)
===''BATTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Thomas Battle|Battle, Edmund Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6C8-G32] - 1890(UK)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener) - Electoral Rolls: teamster (Dorrigo, 1913); dairy farmer (Malanda, 1919); sawmill manager (Tumoulin, 1931); sawmiller (Ravenshoe, 1936-1937); timber merchant (Paddington, 1943); sawmiller (Albion, 1949)
===''BATTYE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Sykes Battye|Battye, James Sykes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V7W-HL5] - 1871(Vic)-1954(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - librarian; historian; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, special committee, Western Australian Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: librarian (Perth, 1910-1937); principal librarian (Perth, 1943-1949) - Links: [[w:James Battye|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/battye-james-sykes-5156 ADB]
===''BATY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Baty|Baty, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-BZX] - 1913(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MH Adelaide (Brompton, 1931; Pennington, 1937; Challa Gardens, 1938-1939; Lockleys, 1954-1969; Henley Beach South, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 757, 1931, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 160, 1934; BOCP 242, 1939; 1COCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Franklin, SA, 1941-1943)

===''BAUER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Thomas Bauer|Bauer, Alfred Thomas &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MSCM-QB1] - 1908(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4AT Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1933) &amp; Cairns? - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 333, 1927, No. 36 in Qld; CPRTelephony 1119, 1928; 1COCP 92, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); state public servant (4QG); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 67, 86, 111, 127, 130 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cairns, 1936; Camp Hill, 1937); radio tech (Camp Hill, 1943-1980)

===''BAXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Baxter|Baxter, Sidney or Sydney Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWX9-XWV] - 1915(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FJ Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1935-1939; Coorparoo Heights, 1946-1947; Cribb Island, 1948-1950; Camp Hill, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1569, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); employment (Trittons, radio service); business proprietor (radio service) - Halcyon: p. 76, 137 - Electoral Rolls: truck driver (Camp Hill, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cribb Island, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BEAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Beames|Beames, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NQJ-L17] - 1899(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: N754 Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IB Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Five Dock, 1930-1958; Linden, 1963-1980)

===''BEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Percival Reed Bean|Bean, Leslie Percival Reed]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHWZ-6ZZ] - 1884(Vic)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925); 2LP Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1928; Artarmon, 1929-1936; Pymble, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD (Elec. Engineer, 1904-1919); L. P. R. Bean &amp; Co (founder 1920-1926); Stromberg-Carlson (founder, 1927-1933+); Council IREAust - Electoral Rolls: electrical instrument fitter (Ascot Vale, 1909); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1912-1915; Artarmon, NSW, 1930); company director (Pymble, 1933-1943; Roseville, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Lindfield, 1958-1968)
===''BEARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Gordon Beard|Beard, Ernest Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2G-25R] - 1897(Eng)-1968(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 304, 1939 - broadcast engineer (United Distributors; 2KY; 2GB); inventor; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as consulting engineer, 2GB) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northbridge, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Northbridge, 1936-1937); wireless engineer (Willoughby, 1943-1949); engineer (Forestville, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://www.radiomuseum.org/dsp_hersteller_detail.cfm?company_id=12500 radiomuseum.org]
* [[/Norman George Beard|Beard, Norman George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9G-GSZ] - 1902(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 3DR Receive Balnarring (1922-1923); 2PK Wentworthville (1930); 2ALJ Sydney (Prospect, 1939; Toongabbie, 1946-1954; Brookvale, 1955; Dee Why, 1956-1961); 2ALJ Terrigal (1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 583, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; TVOCP 25, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Pendle Hill, NSW, 1930; Balnarring, Vic, 1931; Prospect, NSW, 1933-1937); RAAF instructor (Ballarat, 1942); teacher (Toongabbie, 1949-1954; Brookvale, 1958); retired (Terrigal, 1963-1972; Wendouree, Vic, 1977; Caves Beach, 1980)
===''BEARUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Andrew Bearup|Bearup, Herbert Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLJ-B1C] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: V740 Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922); 3GT Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Malvern East, 1921-1924; Caulfield East, 1925-1928); farmer (Bentleigh, 1934-1949); engineer (Highett, 1963-1967; Moorabbin, 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Bearup|Bearup, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J7R-T9D] - 1897(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 224, 1916 - studio manager 3LO (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as studio manager, 3LO, Victoria); WW1 (merchant navy) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Caulfield, 1924); radio engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1931-1937); manager (Roseville, NSW, 1943)

===''BEATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Beatson|Beatson, Robert John &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSJV-2D2] - 1909(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4BB Brisbane (Wilston, 1928); 4BB Maryborough (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 394, 1928, No. 44 in Qld; AOLCP 173, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator (WIAQ); broadcast engineer (4MB); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 68, 139, 141, 163, 164 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maryborough, 1931); radiotrician (Maryborough, 1937-1949); radio engineer (Maryborough, 1954-1980)
===''BEATTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Spencer Meurant Beattie|Beattie, Herbert Spencer Meurant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ65-KTL] - 1888(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3DV Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3DV Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Box Hill, Vic, 1914-1927); salesman (Thornleigh, NSW, 1930); electrical engineer (Cheltenham, NSW, 1934-1936); agent (Cabramatta, 1943); auctioneer (Ettalong, 1943); no occupation (Fairfield, NSW, 1954-1958; Flagstaff, NSW, 1963)

===''BECHERVAISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philip Bechervaise|Bechervaise, William Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVNP-4HQ] - 1831(Eng)-1907(Vic) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), employment (Victoria Posts and Telegraphs Department)
===''BECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Beavis Beck|Beck, Alan Beavis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR7-N8Q] - 1911(Vic)-1982(WA) - Licences: 5XW Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 370, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Shenton Park, WA, 1937; Myrtle Bank, SA, 1941-1943); research chemist (Subiaco, 1949-1980)

===''BEDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, Robert Arthur Buddicom]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC5Q-1KX] - 1874(Eng)-1951(SA) - Licences: 5RB Kyancutta (1924-1939; 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kyancutta, 1939-1941); retired (Kyancutta, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/buddicom-robert-arthur-5417 ADB]
* [[/William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, William Rudolf Buddicom &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Y3-X4Z] - 1909(Eng)-1972(SA) - Licences: likely operator of 5RB Kyancutta - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 1893, 1954 - WW2 - Relationships: son of 5RB Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kyancutta, 1939-1943)

===''BEECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Sidney Beech|Beech, Frederick Sidney or Sydney &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-6BC] - 1895(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4FB Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1930-1939; Norman Park, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 629, 1930, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; jeweller - Halcyon: p. 75, 76, 90 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Bulimba, 1917-1919; Coorparoo, 1919-1972; Norman Park, 1977)
===''BEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Beer|Beer, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CW Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923); 2CW Sydney (Ashfield, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: too many JBs to identify reliably, likely James Charles Beer living 70 Tranmere St, Drummoyne, engineer, 1930

===''BEGBIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Begbie|Begbie, Richard]] - historian (broadcasting), journalist, radio clubs (HRSA)

===''BELJON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robin Ernest Beljon|Beljon, Robin Ernest &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-VR3] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2RB Lithgow (1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 259, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lithgow, 1930-1934); turner (Lithgow, 1937-1943); foreman (Lithgow, 1949-1968); retired (Lithgow, 1972)
===''BELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Wirgman Dillon Bell|Bell, Francis Wirgman Dillon &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7QW-CM4] - 1896(NZ)-1987(NZ) - ZL4AA Waihemo, amateur operator, first to 2 way QSO New Zealand to Australia (Apr 1923), South America, USA (Sep 1924), England (Oct 1924, G2SZ); WW1 (gunner, France &amp; Belgium till invalided 1917) - Relationships: brother of Margaret Brenda Bell, first licensed female NZ amateur - Links: [https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4b20/bell-francis-wirgman-dillon Bio]; [https://www.soundarchives.co.nz/collections/catalogue/catalogue-item?record_id=222015 Sound Archives]; [https://www.zl4aa.org.nz/frank-bell-trans-world-radio-contact/ NZART Otago]
* [[/H. G. Bell|Bell, H. G.]] - 19??-19?? - 4HG Brisbane (South Toowong = Taringa, 1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 321, 1927, No. 33 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 111 - Callsign: later to Harry Brown - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Leslie William Gordon Bell|Bell, Leslie William Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-RQ5] - 1904(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4CY Receive Atherton (1923); 4LZ Jubilee Pocket (1969-1975); 4LZ Airlie Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4471, 1967, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Danbulla via Atherton, 1925-1928); farmer (Jubilee Pocket via Proserpine, 1954-1980)
* [[/Victor Frank Bell|Bell, Victor Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-FZ7] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6KR Perth (Subiaco, 1932-1933); 6KR Kalgoorlie (1937-1939); 6KR Perth (Nedlands, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 907, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1936); postal assistant (Leonora, WA, 1937); radio engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1937); telephone mechanic (Lamington, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1954)
* [[/Vincent Stephanus Bell|Bell, Vincent Stephanus &quot;Vince&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-W8G] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4VD Rockhampton (Rockhampton City, 1936-1937; Wandal, 1938-1939, 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1496, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; employed electrical business - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1936); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, Qld, 1937-1980)

===''BELSTEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Lempriere Belstead|Belstead, Roy Lempriere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1GN-CQF] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4EI Townsville (1933-1939); 4RU Winton (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1182, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 304, 1940; 1COCP 420, 1940; TVOCP 87, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, Townsville ARC); state public servant (Qld Railways); broadcast technician (2KY); business proprietor (Belstead Electronic Repairs, Winton) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hyde Park, Qld, 1931-1937); radio technician (Dee Why, NSW, 1943; Auburn, NSW, 1949; Lidcombe, NSW, 1958-1963; Auburn, NSW, 1972); retired (Winton, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Bennett|Bennett, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNP-GFM] - 1889(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager 2GB Sydney; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 2GB, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Mosman, 1930-1931); director (Mosman, 1933; Vaucluse, 1936); inspector (Darling Point, 1943); investor (West Pennant Hills, 1949); retired (Vaucluse, 1954-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bennett-alfred-edward-5207 ADB]
* [[/Clarence Herbert Bennett|Bennett, Clarence Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK1H-GMF] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 449, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, 1909-1963); retired (Brunswick, 1968-1972)
===''BENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Francis Wattis Bent|Bent, Arthur Francis Wattis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVG-5V7] - 1902(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3AF Geelong (1924-1939, 1946-1960); 3AF Torquay (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 199, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio dealer (Geelong, 1931-1954) - Electoral Rolls: turner (14 Coronation St, Geelong West, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Geelong, 1928-1954); radio serviceman (Torquay, 1963-1980)
===''BENTLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Ernest Bentley|Bentley, Frank Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93F-NPZ] - 1902(India)-1973(SA) - Licences: 5MK Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1931-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 833, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BENTZEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Louis Bentzen|Bentzen, Ivan Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4X-6P4] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4SS Brisbane (Newstead, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 964, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Bulimba, Qld, 1929); mechanic (Valley, Qld, 1936); carpenter (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1949); garage proprietor (Lutwyche, Qld, 1954); carpenter (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BERGIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Thomas Bergin|Bergin, John Thomas &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGP-GNM] - 1911(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5JB Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1364, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Max Wulfing Bergin|Bergin, Max Wulfing]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXQ1-QLP] - 1900(NSW)-1983(Cook Isls) - Licences: 2YP Receive West Maitland (1923); 2YP West Maitland (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ingham Berry|Berry, Arthur Ingham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WB6-6F5] - 1914(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1954; East Malvern, 1955-1956); 3CZ Warburton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 595, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Hawthorn, 1936-1937); architect (Kew North, 1943-1954); farmer (Warburton, 1963-1977)
* [[/Harold Alexander Berry|Berry, Harold Alexander &quot;Huck&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G869-8R6] - 1906(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (City, 1923); Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5JU Adelaide (City, 1930-1931; Keswick, 1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Kilburn, 1946-1975)  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 666, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: polisher (Kilburn, 1943)
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Berry|Berry, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG2-X6J] - 1906(NSW)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5DB Adelaide (Norwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1315, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Robert Henry Berry|Berry, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G342-ZR6] - 18??(???)-1971(Qld) - Licences: XQC Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; electrical business proprietor - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Rockhampton, 1912-1925); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, 1928-1968)
* [[/William Clive Berry|Berry, William Clive &quot;Clive&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBT5-3L8] - 1912(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Knockrow via Bangalow (1931-1936); 2AGM Byron Bay (1938-1938, 1946-1955); 2AGM Lismore (1956-1957); 2AGM Mullumbimby (1958-1960); 2AGM Byron Bay (1961-1965) - Qualifications: AOLCP 30, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 302, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Knockrow, 1933-1936); woodworker (Byron Bay, 1943-1954); contractor (Ballina, 1958); no occupation (Mullumbimby, 1958); manager (Byron Bay, 1963)
* [[/William James Berry|Berry, William James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D1-B78] - 1890(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4WB Brisbane (Yeerongpilly, 1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1295, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; instrument repairer - Comment: Several contemporaneous William James Berry's in Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1958-1963); mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1972-1980) -

===''BERTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Louis Bertram|Bertram, William Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDBP-NGS] - 1901(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: V738 Receive Rushworth (1922); 3GR Receive Rushworth (1922); 2KR Sydney (Waverley, 1929) - Qualifications: CPRT 920, 1926; 2COCP 97, 1930; 1COCP 34, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Rushworth, 1922; Brunswick, 1924-1928); telegraphist (Brunswick, 1931-1942); telephonist (Brunswick, 1949-1963); retired (Frankston, 1967-1980)
===''BESTED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julius Phillip Bested|Bested, Julius Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ6V-YSQ] - 1907(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Rose Park, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Salisbury, 1937-1939); 5CS Peterborough (1947-1948); 5CS Adelaide (Richmond, 1954-1960; Cumberland Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1995, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Salisbury, SA, 1939-1941)

===''BIBBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Cyril Bibby|Bibby, Frederick Cyril &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH58-5XF] - 1911(Tas)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3OL Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1939; Camberwell, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 681, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 38, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Camberwell, 1943-1968); operator (Camberwell, 1972-1980)
===''BINNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Binns|Binns, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-XTD] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - 2IE Receive Sydney (Kogarah, 1922), 2BJ Sydney (Kogarah, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 46, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''BIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Scorer Bird|Bird, Henry Scorer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWH-FTC] - 1902(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HB Melbourne (Sunshine, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Sunshine, 1924-1927); Government employee (Camberwell, 1928-1963); nil (Ashwood, 1968-1972) - Comment: 3HB callsign passed to Sunshine Radio Club 1924-1927 (prominent amateur broadcaster)
* [[/Leslie James Bird|Bird, Leslie James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6X2-N4N] - 1897(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Armidale, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Armidale, 1930-1935; Wellington, 1937); civil servant (Homebush, 1943) 
===''BISCHOFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Conrad Bischoff|Bischoff, William Edward Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YT-QB7] - 1911(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2LZ Sydney (Crows Nest, 1930-1937); 2LZ Wentworth Falls (1938-1939, 1946-1969); 2AKM Wentworth Falls (Portable, 1939); 2LZ Sydney (Naremburn, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 568, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 12, 1936; TVOCP, 346, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Naremburn, 1933-1937); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1943); radio technician (Wentworth Falls, 1949-1958); tele. engineer (Naremburn, 1963); engineer (Naremburn, 1972-1980)
===''BISHOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Elijah Bishop|Bishop, Clarence Elijah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKZ9-G7S] - 1896(WA)-1971(WA) - Licences: 6DD Receive Albany (1923); 6DD Albany (1923-1924); 6DD Northam (1924); 6LL Katanning (1936-1939); 6LL Perth (Claremont, 1948-1954; East Victoria Park, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1746, 1936, WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albany, WA, 1922); accountant (Katanning, WA, 1925-1937); clerk (Nedlands, WA, 1943-1954; Victoria Park, WA, 1958-1968)
* [[/Frederick Edward Bishop|Bishop, Frederick Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS3-GZQ] - 1882(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2FB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Kirribilli, 1930-1931); grazier (Mullaley, Gunnedah, 1935-1949)
* [[/Maurice Glanville Bishop| Bishop, Maurice Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDP-SVD] - 1908(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Middle Park, Vic, 1931); bank officer (Middle Park, 1935); bank clerk (Bank of NSW Quarters, Ouyen, 1936-1937); bank officer (Hawthorn, 1942-1949; Nelson, Tas, 1954)

===''BLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. C. Black|Black, F. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None identified to date - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 297, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: awaits identification, Port Lincoln, SA in 1926
* [[/William Hector Black|Black, William Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8J2-TCS] - 1912(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3WB Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939); 2WO Sydney (Mosman, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 663, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); bacteriologist (Mosman, 1943-1963); biochemist (Darlinghurst, 1968-1972)

===''BLACKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Howbery Blackman|Blackman, Herbert Howbery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2M-65N] - 1886(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: XOE Melbourne (East Malvern, 1913); 3PR Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923); 3PR Melbourne (East Malvern, 1924-1925); 3HA Melbourne (East Malvern, 1926-1927); 3HU Melbourne (Ashburton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 211, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1909); mechanic (East Malvern, 1913-1916); soldier (Royal Park, 1917-1919); electrician (East Malvern, 1922-1928); mechanic (Burwood, 1931-1968)
* [[/W. T. Blackburn|Blackburn, W. T.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Home Hill (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Searched William, Walter, Wilfred - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BLADES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alfred Blades|Blades, Ronald Alfred &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCS-L77] - 1916(Qld)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 4RX Toowoomba (1936-1939); 2VP Sydney (Haberfield, 1946-1947; Ashfield, 1948-1950; Dundas, 1954-1955); 2VP Melbourne (Blackburn, 1956); 2VP Sydney (Balgowlah, 1957-1969; Seaforth, 1975; Dee Why, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1775, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 615, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); broadcast technician (AWA) - Comment: Two Ronald Alfred Blades born in Qld 1916, 4RX 27/3/1916 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1949; Dundas, NSW, 1954; Balgowlah, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1977)

===''BLAIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Andrew William Blair|Blair, Keith Andrew William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK4S-ZXY] - 1911(Vic)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2DX Balranald (1930-1934); 2DX Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1937); 2DX Bega (1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 699, 1930, Vic; BOCP 276, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Balranald, 1932-1935; Randwick, 1936-1937; Bega, 1937); bank officer (Queanbeyan, 1949-1980) 
===''BLAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leslie Gilbert Blake|Blake, Robert Leslie Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L831-ZLW] - 1888(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3RG Castlemaine (1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 484, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Castlemaine, 1912-1919); house furn. (Castlemaine, 1924-1949)
===''BLANCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Henry Blanchard|Blanchard, George Edward Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV2-B4S] - 1899(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DN Sydney (Newtown, 1922-1926; Hurlstone Park, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 195, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Earlwood, 1930-1980)
===''BLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Bland|Bland, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-4RP] - 1902(India)-1955(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Alberton, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Alberton, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 765, 1923 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio manufacturer (Tusmore, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BLUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Blue|Blue, Harry William]] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - 2YI Liverpool (1933), 2YI Albury (1934-1936), 9KO Rabaul (1937), 2YI Broken Hill (1938-1939), 2YI Sydney (Kingsford, 1946; Auburn, 1947-1980+, amateur operator (AOCP 1034, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, A.A.M.S.
===''BLUNDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Verge Blunden|Blunden, Godfrey Verge]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNG-22L] - 1906(Vic)-1996(France) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Wireless Weekly (editor, 1930s) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (North Sydney, 1930; East Sydney, 1933-1936)
* [[/Leon Walter Blunden|Blunden, Leon Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KT-SMV] - 1914(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5BH Adelaide (Firle, 1935-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1535, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Douglas Boast|Boast, Harold Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2VW-3D4] - 1906(Eng)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3AX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1939); 3AX Lubeck (1946-1969); 3AX Melbourne (Frankston, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 404, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 55, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Elsternwick, 1931-1936); radio engineer (3LK Lubeck, 1942-1968); retired (Frankston, 1972-1977)
===''BOILEAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Boileau|Boileau, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-HLQ] - 1893(SA)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4JT Port Moresby (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Byron Bay, NSW, 1943-1954)

===''BOLGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Joseph Bolger|Bolger, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-VDD] - 1867(Irl)-1941(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Deputy Director of Navigation, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: master mariner (Williamstown, 1914-1917); public servant (Elsternwick, 1919); master mariner (Elsternwick, 1931-1937)

===''BOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Francis Bond|Bond, Rupert Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZHS-QB3] - 1886(Vic)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rockhampton, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1912-1937; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''BONGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gysbert Sheldon Bongers|Bongers, Gysbert Sheldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7F9-DXK] - 1900(NSW)-1948(NSW) - Licences: N745 Receive Sydney (1922-1923); 2HY Sydney (Rockdale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Rockdale, 1930-1935; Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1937); engineer (Woollahra, 1943)

===''BONNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Coleman Bonner|Bonner, Alfred Coleman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MV14-MTM] - 1854(Tas)-1930(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Legana (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914-1922); no occupation (Legana, 1928)
===''BONNERUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Madsen Bonnerup|Bonnerup, Peter Madsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F5-RC8] - 1890(Tas?)-1976(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as patent attorney, WA) - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Nedlands, 1922; South Perth, 1925-1972) - Links: [https://www.carnamah.com.au/bio/peter-madsen-bonnerup Bio]
===''BONNINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Archibald Bonnington|Bonnington, John Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Y-1JP] - 1909(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931); 2AKB Sydney (Avalon Beach, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 569, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3AirOCP 16, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Broken Hill, 1931); engineer (Woollahra, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); air pilot (Avalon Beach, 1949-1963)
===''BONWILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Warren Bonwill|Bonwill, Edward Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J35-NNV] - 1869(USA)-1945(NSW) - Licences: XBP Sydney (1912-1914); 2CA Receive Cowra (1922); 2CA Cowra (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Barellan, 1930; Cowra, 1934-1937; Lithgow, 1937-1943)

===''BOTTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Botten|Botten, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-8QJ] - 1895(SA)-1973(???) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (CBD, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930); radio manager (Darlinghurst, 1933-1936); manager (Darlinghurst, 1937-1958)

===''BOUCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Reid Bouchard|Bouchard, Victor John Reid &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93B-52C] - 1897(Qld)-1936(Qld) - 4BY Receive Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur club administrator - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Auchenflower, 1921-1926); clerk (Buranda, 1928)
===''BOULTBEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Walker Boultbee|Boultbee, Kenneth Walker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMWB-1Q4] - 1905(Tas)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: agent (Taringa, Qld, 1928-1958; Corinda, Qld, 1963-1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Broadbeach, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BOUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Boundy|Boundy, George Henry]] - 1866(Vic)-1932(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), early wireless experimenter, radio clubs (WIQ), state public servant (P&amp;TQ, engineer), federal public servant (PMGD, engineer)

===''BOURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Bourke|Bourke, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V734 Receive Yarck (1922); Receive 3GP Yarck (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BOURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Frederick Bourne|Bourne, Francis Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX55-9GM] - 1916(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5BU Adelaide (Unley, 1935-1939; Wayville, 1947; Malvern, 1948-1954; Blackwood, 1955-1965; Belair, 1969); 5BU Keith (1975); 5BU Naracoorte (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1593, 1935, SA; 2COCP 1282, 1953; 1COCP 1722, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Germain Bowden|Bowden, Eric James Germain]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7T7-YC2] - 1894(Tas)-1984(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD Wireless Inspector, Hobart, 1920s &amp; 1930s; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as equipment engineer, PMGD, Tas) - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: junior assistant engineer (Hobart North, 1922); engineer (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Frank Prosser Bowden|Bowden, Frank Prosser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MP-G4L] - 1860(Tas)-1934(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, Tas PMGD, Federal PMGD - Relationships: father of Eric James Germain Bowden and John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1928)
* [[/John Gibson Bowden|Bowden, John Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJZ-V69] - 1906(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified  - employee of Medhurst Electrical - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of Eric James Germain Bowden - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1928); electrical mechanic (New Town, 1936-1937); engineer (Nelson, 1943-1963)
* [[/Ronald Stanley Bowden|Bowden, Ronald Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQGS-F9R] - 1900(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albion, Qld, 1921); car driver (Wilston, Qld, 1934); car proprietor (Newmarket, Qld, 1936-1943); store keeper (Urangan, Qld, 1949-1954); farmer (Mundubbera, Qld, 1958-1963); retired (Urangan, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BOWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Keith Bowen|Bowen, Harold Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-7SZ] - 1913(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5KB Adelaide (Maylands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1049, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Tranmere, SA, 1943)
* [[/Joseph La Venture Bowen|Bowen, Joseph La Venture or Laventure]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPP-MLB] - 1917(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4LB Brisbane (Hamilton, 1935-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1445, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1958); public servant (Kedron, Qld, 1963)
===''BOWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Nigel Bowman|Bowman, Hubert Nigel &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4PT-FY3] - 1908(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FM Adelaide (Payneham, 1932-1933; Royston Park, 1937; Payneham, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Mitcham, 1954-1956); 5FM Crystal Brook (1960); 5FM Bridgewater (1965-1980+); 5FN Portable (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 911, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 259, 1939; BOCP 282, 1940; 1COCP 354, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Boyd|Boyd, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-VM7] - 1897(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XNO Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EL Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3EL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1924-1925; Caulfield, 1925-1927; Elwood, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 104, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio engineer (3UZ, 1920s); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1924); manager (Caulfield, 1926-1928); engineer (Elsternwick, 1931-1937); electrician (St Kilda, 1949-1963); retired (Caulfield, 1967-1977)

===''BRADBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. J. Bradbury|Bradbury, B. J.]] - abt 1887(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''BRADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Keith Bradford|Bradford, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-VC5] - 1912(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4KK Millmerran (1936-1939, 1947-1975); 4KK Drillham (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1750, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Millmerran, Qld, 1934-1937); farmer (Millmerran, Qld, 1943-1954); radio dealer (Millmerran, Qld, 1958-1968); farmer (Drillham, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Richard Bradford|Bradford, John Richard]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief electrical engineer, Qld, PMGD)

===''BRADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Randell Bradley|Bradley, Frank Randell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G973-F7P] - 1884(SA)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3ZK Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1930); 2JB Sydney (Mosman, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2, 1924, No. 1 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, Superintendant Telegraphs Vic, 1928; Deputy PMG Qld; NSW); historian (telegraphs) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Sandringham, Vic, 1914-1924; Mosman, NSW, 1933-1943); no occupation (Killara, NSW, 1954-1963)
===''BRAGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Bragg|Bragg, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFQ-9N6] - 1862(Eng)-1942(Eng) - Early wireless experimenter, academic (University of Adelaide, 1885-1908), physicist, chemist, mathematician, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his son William Lawrence Bragg, son-in-law of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:William Henry Bragg|Wikipedia]]
* [[/William Lawrence Bragg|Bragg, William Lawrence &quot;Lawrence&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWXT-CLR] - 1890(SA)-1971(Eng) - participated as a youth in his father's early wireless experiments, academic (University of Adelaide), physicist, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his father William Henry Bragg, grandson of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:Lawrence Bragg|Wikipedia]]
===''BRAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. F. Brain|Brain, S. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZD Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: likely related XFR V. J. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/V. J. Brain|Brain, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XFR Sydney (Ashfield, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: likely related 2ZD S. F. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRAMLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Alfred Bramley|Bramley, John Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorayne Branch|Branch, Lorayne]] - Living - author (&quot;Henry Sutton, The Innovative Man&quot;), historian (Henry Sutton)
===''BRANDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Frank Brandon|Brandon, Eric Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPK-2ZY] - 1907(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5FB Wilmington (1933-1939); 5FB Adelaide (Prospect, 1948); 5FA Oodnadatta (1965); 5FA Ramco (1969-1975); 5FA Adelaide (Blair Athol, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1145, 1933, SA; 2COCP 140, 1938; 1COCP 183, 1938; BOCP 201, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BRANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Mervyn Branks|Branks, Albert Mervyn &quot;Merv&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-88K] - 1906(NZ)-1978(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1920s to 1970s, DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tribute]

===''BREDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wynne Steere Breden|Breden, Wynne Steere]] - 1900(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Rx Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923), 2WS Newcastle (Newcastle, 1924-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 9, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, shipyard business
===''BREMERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Frederick Bremerman|Bremerman, Harold Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-QWC] - 1903(Eng)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Aspley (1955-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1267, 1934, Qld; COCP (Eng) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (WIAQ, Life Member; Brisbane DX Club); employment (electrician, Courier Mail, Besley &amp; Pike, Mt. Olivett Hospital); pilot; UK Merchant Navy 1920s - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Albion, Qld, 1928); mechanic (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Aspley, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BRENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan James Brennan|Brennan, Allan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TR-SNJ] - 1887(Vic)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 31, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BREWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip John Brewer|Brewer, Phillip or Philip John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVKH-MNW] - 1900(WA)-1948(SA) - Licences: 5JA Adelaide (Parkside, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 269, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Parkside, 1939-1943)

===''BRIDGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Bridger|Bridger, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85V-2YT] - 1885(UK)-1941(NT) - Licences: 4AP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4AP Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer; public servant; WW1 (2nd Aust Flying Squadron, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West Perth, 1914); consulting engineer (Auchenflower, 1925); poultry farmer (Geebung, 1928); engineer (Armadale, 1934-1937) - Directories: electrical engineer (Adelaide, 1915; Melbourne, 1917-1921; Brisbane, 1923-1927; Adelaide, 1930) 
===''BRIDGES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Claud Bridges|Bridges, Frank John Claud or Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHRF-XHR] - 1885(NZ)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 141, 1915; 2COCP 182, 1930; 1COCP 279, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Esperance, 1921-1949); retired (Esperance, 1958-1963)

===''BRIGGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Robert Briggs|Briggs, Donald Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5B-1TN] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (Walkerville, 1935-1939; Henley Beach, 1947; South Plympton, 1954-19600; 5HB Adelaide (Morphett Vale, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1490, 1935, SA; 2COCP 413, 1941; BOCP 373, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939)

===''BRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Herbert Bright|Bright, William Henry Herbert &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQH-GSX] - 1898(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Spark; 4FA Toowoomba (1923); 4AA Toowoomba (1924-1925); 4WB Toowoomba (1925-1927); 4OO Toowoomba (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 123, 1925, No. 13 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: callsign 4AA withdrawn by PMGD for their use - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toowoomba, 1919-1943); clerk (Toowoomba, 1949); mechanic (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)

===''BRIMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Campbell Brimble|Brimble, Charles Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5L-9GH] - 1915(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5CB Adelaide (Somerton, 1935-1939, 1947-1948; Somerton Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1446, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Somerton, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BRIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Marcus John Gordon Brims|Brims, Marcus John Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZWB-S11] - 1888(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: XQA Mareeba (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; business proprietor (plywood &amp; veneer manufacture) - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Mareeba, 1912-1913); foreman joiner (Milton, 1921); timber merchant (Milton, 1925-1931); plywood manufacturer (Annerley, 1937-1958); business manager (Annerley, 1963-1980)

===''BRISTOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morrison Bristow|Bristow, John Morrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPL-DLJ] - 1908(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZX Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 243, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: advertising manager (Neutral Bay, 1930-1935); manager (Gordon, 1937-1943); company manager (Pymble, 1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954-1980)

===''BROCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Edward Earl Brock|Brock, Hector Edward Earl]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VQL-BTC] - 1902(Vic)-1962(SA) - Licences: 3ZC Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924); 5DP Adelaide  (North Adelaide, 1924-1927; Malvern, 1927-1938); 5UZ Adelaide (Fullarton, 1954-1956; Nailsworth, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 25, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; University of Adelaide (Demonstrator &amp; Technical Assistant, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1924); no occupation (Malvern, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BROINOWSKI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leopold Thomas Broinowski|Broinowski, Leopold Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6FR-SMR] - 1871(Vic)-1937(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Hobart Mercury, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1914-1937)

===''BROOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilberforce Henry Liddon Brooke|Brooke, Wilberforce Henry Liddon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB61-69T] - 1891(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Terrigal (1930-1936); 2BR Dora Creek (1937-1939, 1946-1958); 2BR Paterson (1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 638, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Jerry's Plains, 1930; Terrigal, 1931-1937; Dora Creek, 1954-1958; Paterson, 1963-1968)
===''BROOKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Brookes|Brookes, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSJ-GV6] - 1911(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BA Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, 1938-1939; Wooloowin, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1641, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1954); waterside Worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1958)

===''BROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Milton Brooks|Brooks, Albert Henry Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT1Q-DVK] - 1901(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5KG Adelaide (Grange, 1933-1939; Croydon, 1946-1960+); 5AH Adelaide (Ridleton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1170, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Croydon, 1939); railway employee (Croydon, 1941-1943) - Relationships: likely related to 7JB John Vickery Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks
* [[/John Vickery Brooks|Brooks, John Vickery &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHXL-RK8] - 1905(SA)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 37, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer; originally from Adelaide - Relationships: likely related to 5KG Albert Henry Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart South, 1928; Malvern, Vic, 1954-1980)

===''BROOMHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Broomhall|Broomhall, Charles Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7NZ-2SV] - 1891(Vic)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 729, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geraldton, 1916); mechanic (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925; Canning Bridge, 1931-1937; Applecross, 1943-1954); retired (Bickley, 1958-1963)

===''BROWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan George Brown|Brown, Alan George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G849-43Y] - 1909(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3CX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1937; Upper Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Canterbury, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 446, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931); public servant (Auburn, 1936-1937); RAAF (St Kilda North, 1943); civil servant (Auburn, 1949); clerk (Deepdene, 1954; Camberwell North, 1963-1968)
* [[/Alan Weymouth Brown|Brown, Alan Weymouth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSKH-1N5] - 1902(Tas)-1938(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Listeners' League, Hobart (assistant secretary); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Assistant Secretary, Listeners' League, Hobart, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Alfred Louis Brown|Brown, Alfred Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQV-4SS] - 1885(Eng)-1971(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as general manager, 5CL, SA) - Electoral Rolls: instrument maker (Claremont, WA, 1910); optician (Applecross, 1916-1917); director (Kew, Vic, 1926); engineer (Cottesloe, 1936-1937)
* [[/Bruce Kevin Brown|Brown, Bruce Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S4-CV1] - 1920(Tas)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 7QZ Launceston (1937-1939); 2AQZ Sydney (Meadowbank, 1954-1969; Annangrove, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1942, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 303, 1940; 1COCP 492, 1941; TVOCP 1014, 1968 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Meadowbank, 1943-1968); technician (Annangrove, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Clarence Roy Brown|Brown, Clarence Roy]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - founder of 5KA Class B Adelaide; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 5KA, SA) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Clifford Walter Brown|Brown, Clifford Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCV5-M8M] - 1906(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6CB Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 640, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Subiaco, 1931-1937); traveller (Nedlands, 1943-1963); business manager (Wembley, 1968); manager (Morley, 1972; Dianella, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Makepeace Brown|Brown, Frank Makepeace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H5-2M5] - 1911(WA)-2006(WA) - Licences: 6FB Mullewa (1939; 1946-1948); 6FB Bassendean (1954-1960); 6FB Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969; Rossmoyne, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 2375, 1939, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Northam, 1936; Bassendean, 1943); civil servant (Mullewa, 1949); telephone technician (Bassendean, 1954-1963); civil servant (Doubleview, 1968-1972); telephone technician (Rossmoyne, 1977-1980)
* [[/George D. Brown|Brown, George D.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-JFD] - 1875(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DB Brisbane (Ascot, Qld, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1970, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous GBs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Percy Brown|Brown, Harry Percy &quot;Horsepower&quot;, &quot;Poo Bah&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1R8-R1W] - 1878(Eng)-1967(NSW) - senior federal public servant (Director-General, Posts and Telegraphs); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Secretary, PMGD) - Links: [[w:Harry Brown (public servant)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brown-sir-harry-percy-5384 ADB]; [https://telegramsaustralia.com/Forms/Special%20developments/People/Brown.html Telegrams Australia]
* [[/Hector Mervyn Brown|Brown, Hector Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9TY-HSC] - 1906(NSW)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5MB Adelaide (Torrensville, 1927-1928; Southwark, 1931-1933, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 345, 1927, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 402 1932; 1COCP 333, 1933) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BH, 1937), PMGD SA (mechanic, retired 1940) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1937), engineer (Thebarton, 1941-1943)
* [[/Herbert George Brown|Brown, Herbert George &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5BH-NGV] - 1887(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4BH Booval (1928-1930); 4HG Booval (1931); 4HG Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 4BH Brisbane (Graceville, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 455, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (Ipswich); railways employee - Callsign: withdrawn for 4BH Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ipswich, Qld, 1925; Redbank, Qld, 1929)
* [[/Herbert Rufus Brown|Brown, Herbert Rufus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HL-T23] - 1894(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3NN Receive Yanac (1923); 3NN Yanac (1924-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 271, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Yanac, 1919-1977)
* [[/J. R. Brown|Brown, J. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Southport (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James McGladdery Brown|Brown, James McGladdery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW18-TCK] - 1882(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4BJ Aramac (1929-1933); 4BJ Rockhampton (1937); 4BJ Bundaberg (1947-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 480, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: porter (Rockhampton, 1905); station master (Finch Hatton, 1913); labourer (Mackay, 1919);  motor car proprietor (Baralaba, Mt Morgan, 1925); guard (Aramac, 1928-1937); retired (Maryborough, 1954-1963; Ascot, 1963) - Relationships: father of Victor James Caldwell Brown, the likely actual amateur operator
* [[/John Henry Shadwell Brown|Brown, John Henry Shadwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-7M4] - 1897(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2JK Sydney (Botany, 1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 926, 1926; 1COCP 154, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Botany, 1930-1958)
* [[/Joseph Brown|Brown, Joseph &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQH2-YSM] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Hobart (Battery Point, 1934-1939; New Town, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1255, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 5, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (7ZL, Hobart TV); public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Battery Point, 1936-1937); civil servant (New Town, 1943-1972)
* [[/Leonard Austin Brown|Brown, Leonard Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX21-FFX] - 1915(Vic)-1957(SA) - Licences: 3OP Melbourne (Camberwell, 1931-1933); 5OP Adelaide (Eastwood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 814, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, Vic, 1936; Eastwood, SA, 1939; Unley Park, SA, 1941)
* [[/Robert Brown|Brown, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart Central, 1919; Moonah, 1928); fitter (Hobart North, 1958)
* [[/Victor James Caldwell Brown|Brown, Victor James Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBKS-2T7] - 1907(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - Qualifications: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: wardsman (Aramac, 1928); guard (Aramac, 1930); baker (Rockhampton, 1936); radio mechanic (Barcaldine, 1943; Bundaberg, 1949-1963) - Relationships: son of James McGladdery Brown - note electoral roll addresses for Victor James precisely align with 4BJ addresses whereas those for James McGladdery do not
* [[/William Francis Brown|Brown, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-4DL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BB Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3BB Melbourne (Richmond, 1937); 9BB Wau, New Guinea (1938); 2ANP Sydney (Bundeena, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 704, 1930, Vic; 2COCP 92, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Richmond, 1937) - Comment: many contemporaneous WFBs

===''BROWNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Vincent Browne|Browne, Robert John Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLZ-BY6] - 1907(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4RB Brisbane (Toowong, 1925-1939; New Farm, 1946-1956; Dorrington, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 92, 1925, No. 10 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Clevedon, 4QN, 1943); technician (New Farm, 1949-1954); teacher (Dorrington, 1958-1968)

===''BROWNLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Frank Brownless|Brownless, Sidney Frank &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-M5S] - 1915(Eng)-1995(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); military (WW2, RAF, radar research); clubs &amp; societies (IREE); author (&quot;The Sharing of Television Channels&quot;, ABCB, 1973 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Albert Park, 1954-1980)

===''BRUCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Bruce|Bruce, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPX-XN9] - 1913(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5GB Adelaide (Prospect, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1925, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Arthur Bruce|Bruce, Robert Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR18-SKL] - 1900(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5BJ Adelaide (Glenelg, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 357, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenelg, 1939-1943)
* [[/Robert William Bruce|Bruce, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTC-Z1J] - 1899(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926-1928; East Malvern, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 283, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1926; Malvern East, 1931-1967)

===''BRUNSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Thomas Brunsden|Brunsden, Herbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NR-JJR] - 1909(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: 2BX Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 649, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 258, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Leichhardt, 1930-1937) - Comment: Gone too soon

===''BRYCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ramsay Auld Bryce|Bryce, Ramsay Auld]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH9T-FL2] - 1914(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AB Ipswich (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4AB Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1954-1969); 4AC Portable Ipswich (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1935, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (North Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio serviceman (North Ipswich, Qld, 1943); theatre proprietor (Palm Beach, Qld, 1949); showman (Palm Beach, Qld, 1954-1958); projectionist (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1972)

===''BRYSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royal William Bryson|Bryson, Royal William &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ9P-5KJ] - 1886(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: XJJ Melbourne (Richmond, 1913); 3JM Receive Melbourne (Kew, 1922-1923); 3JM Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 50, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Richmond, 1914-1916); electrical fitter (Kew, 1919-1937); electrician (Croydon, 1943-1954)

===''BUCHANAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thomas Oswald Buchanan|Buchanan, Norman Thomas Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84K-B7C] - 1912(Qld)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 2NB Sydney (Manly, 1928-1939); 2ANB Sydney (Bondi, 1948; Kingsford, 1950); 3AND Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1954; Rosanna, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 466, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Manly, 1934-1935); sound engineer (Manly, 1936); engineer (North Sydney, 1943; Heidelberg, 1954-1963; Rosanna, 1968; Heidelberg, 1972; Rosanna, 1977); retired (Castlemaine, 1980)
===''BUCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hector Buck|Buck, Albert Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-PC3] - 1905(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3TM Receive Melbourne (Albert Park, 1923); 3TM Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1924-1926; Glenferrie, 1927; East Preston, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933-1937); 3TM Terang (1938-1939); 3TM Shepparton (1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 138, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: father of 3ZMX &amp; 3AAD Edwin David Buck, don't confuse with Albert Thomas Buck (Qld) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenferrie, 1927-1928); mechanic (Glenferrie, 1931; Hawthorn, 1937); electrician (Terang, 1943)
* [[/Albert Thomas Buck|Buck, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Z9K-CXG] - 1892(Eng)-1973(Eng) - Licences: 4CW Receive Brisbane (Geebung, 1923); 4CW Brisbane (Geebung, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 281, 1926, No. 24 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Kedron, 1931-1934); wireless mechanic (Summer Hill, 1933) - don't confuse with 3TM Albert Hector Buck
* [[/Edwin David Buck|Buck, Edwin David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNC-4JQ] - 1929(Vic)-2010(Vic) - 3ZMX Melbourne (Thornbury, 1965-1969, 3AAD Melbourne (Thornbury, 1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), son of 3TM Albert Hector Buck
===''BUCKERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Buckerfield|Buckerfield, Sidney Roy &quot;Buck&quot; &amp; &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGS-S7N] - 1904(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5DA Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5DA Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Evandale, 1928-1931; Knoxville, 1933-1939; St Morris, 1947-1948+); 5DA Crystal Brook (1954-1956); 5DA Adelaide (Brighton Gardens, 1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 32, 1924, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 163, 1938; 1COCP 1557, 1950 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (5DN, 5CK, 5DR, 5AN, 5ABCFM); public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Knoxville, 1939)

===''BUGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Robert Bugg|Bugg, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-Q8K] - 1918(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 11, 1936, Vic -  - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Geelong, 1942)

===''BUILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Builder|Builder, Geoffrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM6S-FBL] - 1906(WA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - physicist; radio engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: observer (Magnetic Observatory, Watheroo, 1931; physicist (Haberfield, 1935; Ashfield, 1937; Burwood, NSW, 1943-1958) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/builder-geoffrey-9617 ADB]

===''BULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Bull|Bull, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB9W-CFP] - 1904(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4MA Brisbane (Fairfield, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1674, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Stones Corner, Qld, 1926-1928; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1934; Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); military forces (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1963)
* [[/J. F. Bull|Bull, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FH Mackay (-1949-1967+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), associate member I.R.E. Aust.
===''BULLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Bulling|Bulling, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Y9-S95] - 1914(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5KX Adelaide (Grange, 1935-1939; Kirkcaldy, 1947-1954; Kings Park, 1955-1975); 5KX Wasleys (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1527, 1935, SA; BOCP 166, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Kirkcaldy, 1939-1943)

===''BULLIVANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Bullivant|Bullivant, William Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJK-X8B] - 1908(NSW)-1985(NSW) - 2PR Receive Albury (1923-1924), 2WB Albury (1925-1930), 2WB West Wyalong (1931-1934), 2BC Sydney (Bondi, 1946-1950; Bellevue Hill, 1954-1969; Kingsford, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 167, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 319, 1940), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk (West Wyalong, 1932), telegraphist (Bondi, 1943), supervisor (Waverley, 1954; Bellevue Hill, 1963; Kingsford, 1980))
===''BULLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Frederick Wright Bullock|Bullock, Albert Frederick Wright &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4K-44G] - 1900(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ZX Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1933-1939, 1946-1954; Camp Hill, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1109, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (East Brisbane, Qld, 1925); storeman (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BUNTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Bunton|Bunton, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGWV-YFR] - 1872(Eng)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Mosman, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Mosman, 1930-1954)

===''BURBIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Arthur Burbidge|Burbidge, Philip Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-7JL] - 1910(Eng)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 3PB Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1931); 2PB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 456, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant manager (Camberwell, 1934); manager (Bellevue Hill, 1943)
===''BURBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Alfred Burbury|Burbury, Eric Alfred]] - 1894(Tas)-1976(NSW) - early wireless experimenter (Tasmania, unlicensed?), ship wireless operator (1910s), broadcast engineer (AWA, Koo-we-rup; 2FC, chief engineer), brother of Harry Keith Burbury
* [[/Harry Keith Burbury|Burbury, Harry Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - 1897(Tas)-1986(NSW) - engineer (PMGD), brother of Eric Alfred Burbury

===''BURCHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Burchill|Burchill, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-8PF] - 1894(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4EM Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1925; Surry Hills, NSW, 1930); fitter (Long Bay Camp, NSW, 1933; Surry Hills, NSW, 1934-1936; Harbord, NSW, 1937); watchman (Maroubra, NSW, 1943-1949)

===''BURFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Patrick Burford|Burford, Walter Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHM2-CD9] - 1912(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 5PB Naracoorte (1934-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1365, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BURGESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Thomas Burgess|Burgess, George Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W5-N95] - 1913(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5GC Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939; Henley Beach, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1233, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Henley, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas William Watkins Burgess|Burgess, Thomas William Watkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDZP-X1R] - 1861(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: XDA Wagga Wagga (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Wagga Wagga, 1901-1903)

===''BURGOYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Burgoyne|Burgoyne, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-1VS] - 1876(Wales)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (VIY, 1913-?); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, South Townsville, 1919); postmaster (Concord, 1930); public servant (Homebush, 1930); postmaster (Homebush, 1933; Strathfield, 1935; Inverell, 1936; Bondi North, 1943)

===''BURING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rudolph Buring|Buring, Rudolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L51C-YVT] - 1906(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 7AX Receive Hobart (1922-1923); Receive Hobart (1923-1924); 7RB Hobart (1925-1933); 3RB Melbourne (Ballarat, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 102, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 166, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electronics engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: university demonstrator (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Sale, 1936; Ballarat, 1936-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1972)

===''BURMESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Conrad Burmester|Burmester, Otto Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWN-7VX] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4OB Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1158, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 31, 1935; 1COCP 46, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (Toowong, Qld, 1943); PMG technician (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1980)
===''BURNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud Edward James Burns|Burns, Claud Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCLY-P7V] - 1893(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4ZY Kingaroy (1932-1939); 4ZY Innisfail (1946-1947); 4ZY Cairns (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 996, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: supervising technician (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''BURRAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Allan Burrage|Burrage, John Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCW4-SLS] - 1916(Vic)-1942(Ins) - Licences: 3UW Melbourne (Deepdene, 1934-1937), 3UW (Shepparton, 1938-1939) -  Qualifications: AOCP 1322, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 59, 1936; 1COCP 291, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (3SR), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Shepparton, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/burrage-john-allan-400643/]

===''BURROWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Owen Burrows|Burrows, Alan Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNZG-V74] - 1901(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio correspondent (Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney Sun); proprietor Miss F. V. Wallace (Wireless Shop), 1927-1933; president Waverley Radio Club - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Waverley, 1930-1933) - Comment: Gone too soon
* [[/Ernest Walter Burrows|Burrows, Ernest Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-YQ8] - 1900(WA)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 6DZ Geraldton (1924-1927); 2DZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 659, 1921; 1COCP 5, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: technical assistant (Canterbury, NSW, 1937-1949; Earlwood, 1954-1980)
* [[/Frederick Harold Burrows|Burrows, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-TKH] - 1894(Eng)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6BH Perth (Claremont, 1922-1924); 6BH Kalgoorlie (1925-1927); 6BF Perth (Beverley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 193, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1916; Claremont, 1922; Kalgoorlie, 1925); headmaster (Beverley, 1937; Subiaco, 1943-1958); retired (Subiaco, 1963-1972)
* [[/John Charles Fry Burrows|Burrows, John Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKZ-LJ8] - 1897(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: XJCD Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 251, 1916 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Kew, 1919-1931); representative (Bairnsdale, 1934); commercial (Kew, 1936-1937); superintendent (Caulfield, 1943-1954); manager (Toorak, 1963-1980)

===''BURTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Reg Burton|Burton, Arthur Reg]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-3HM] - 1899(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4FE Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1935-1936; City, 1937-1939; Highgate Hill, 1946-1948); 1FE Heard Island (1954-1955); 4FE Thursday Island (1955-1956); 4FE Normanton (1960); 4FE Labrador (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1563, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); broadcast technician; federal public servant (PMGD) - Relationships: Likely father of 4BM Arthur Henry Burton - Electoral Rolls: artist (Lutwyche, Qld, 1921); picture showman (Beenleigh, Qld, 1922-1926);  motor engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1931-1934; South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); radio engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943); diesel engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Labrador, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BUSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Talbot Busch|Busch, Reginald Talbot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ3-2P7] - 1907(Vic)-2005(Vic) - Licences: 3LS Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1923); 3LS Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1939; North Essendon, 1946-1969; Strathmore, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 157, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 286, 1936; 1AOCP 3, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; research engineer (1942) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); research engineer (Essendon, 1942-1968); research (Strathmore, 1972-1977)
===''BUSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Melville Bush|Bush, Albert Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBB7-DFN] - 1893(Vic)-1964(Vic) - 3YY Bendigo (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 197, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental apprentice (Bendigo, 1914-1919); dentist (Bendigo, 1922-1963)
===''BUSHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert William Bushby|Bushby, Thomas Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2G5-KTN] - 1900(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2TW Bulli (1927-1928); 2TW Sydney (Gladesville, 1929; Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1931-1933; Rose Bay, 1934; Bondi North, 1935-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 368, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 32, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1933); engineer (Rose Bay, 1934; Bellevue Hill, 1935; Bondi, 1936-1937; Kingsgrove, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Bexley, 1958-1963)

===''BUTCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Butcher|Butcher, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-77S] - 1912(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4EB Brisbane (Lutwyche, 1931-1933; Kedron, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 871, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937); teacher (Grange, Qld, 1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''BUTLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lloyd Butler|Butler, Alfred Lloyd &quot;Lloyd&quot;]] - Licences: 5BR Adelaide (Prospect, 1947); 5BR Murray Bridge (1948-1960); 5BR Adelaide (Panorama, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; historian (SA amateur, SA broadcast) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://users.tpg.com.au/ldbutler/index.htm Web]
* [[/Richard Edmund Butler|Butler, Richard Edmund &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQX1-ZPZ] - 1926(Vic)-2012(Vic) - Senior federal public servant (PMGD), Deputy General Secretary ITU 1983-1989, Secretary General ITU 1983-1989 [https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/ElectedOfficialBio.aspx?off=6]
===''BUTLER-WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bertie Saywell Butler-Wood|Butler-Wood, Bertie Saywell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXJ2-18J] - 1894(NSW)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4EJ Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (West End, Qld, 1919-1925); dentist (West End, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''BUTTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Butterfield|Butterfield, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L77T-FCW] - 1903(Eng)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6GW Perth (South Perth, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 906, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Northam, WA, 1925; South Perth, WA, 1931); radio engineer (South Perth, WA, 1936-1958); retired (South Perth, WA, 1977)

===''BUTTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Butters|Butters, William Leslie W.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2VQ7-BSV] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2WY Bermagui South (1928-1935); 2WY Sydney (Brooklyn, 1936-1938; Cronulla, 1939; Karuah, 1946-1947); 2WY Nambucca Heads (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 464, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fisheries inspector (Bermagui South, 1930; Brooklyn, 1936); clerk (Erskineville, 1943); retired (Nambucca Heads, 1949)

===''BUTTERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Butterworth|Butterworth, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLR-QDG] - 1910(NSW)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Wallsend (1929-1930); 2BU Wallsend (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 540, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wallsend, 1936-1958); manufacturer (Wallsend, 1963-1972); engineer (Rankin Park, 1977-1980)

===''BUZACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hardie Buzacott|Buzacott, Albert Hardie &quot;Hardie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7YK-QZ6] - 1914(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4UZ Toowoomba (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1242, 1934, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 260, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); radio operator (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Roma, Qld, 1949; Gympie, Qld, 1954-1972; Caloundra, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Richard Norman Buzacott|Buzacott, Richard Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ82-8ZL] - 1909(WA)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3RB Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1926; Burwood, 1931; Camberwell, 1933); 2TD Sydney (North Sydney, 1935-1936); 3TD Lubeck (1938-1939); 3TD Melbourne (Balwyn, 1946-1960); 3AUB Melbourne (Reservoir, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 298, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 61, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1931); broadcast engineer (North Sydney, 1934-1935); engineer (Camaray, NSW, 1936); broadcast engineer (Lubeck, 1937); wireless operator (Canterbury, 1943); technician (Canterbury, 1949-1954); engineer (Reservoir, 1963-1972)

=='''C'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''CAGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cagney|Cagney, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-9HV] - 1909(Qld)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Rockhampton (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1386, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Palings, piano tuner); associate I.R.E. Aust - Electoral Rolls: musical instrument worker (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1980)

===''CAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Cain|Cain, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MKN2-48M] - 1866(Isle of Man)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a/g superintendent, Central Mission, Wesley Church, Melbourne, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Mooroopna, 1903; North Melbourne, 1909-1913; Carlton, 1914-1919; Glenferrie, 1921-1924; Auburn, 1924-1927; Kew, 1928-1937)

===''CALDECOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry William Spencer Caldecott|Caldecott, Henry William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-K3M] - 1908(Canada)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 2SM Sydney (Manly, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928-1929; Manly, 1930-1931); 2DA Sydney (Manly, 1933-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 285, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 58, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Balgowlah, 1930-1968); engineer (Balgowlah, 1977-1980)- callsign 2SM withdrawn by PMGD for allocation to 2SM commercial broadcaster
===''CALDWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aleck Stewart Caldwell|Caldwell, Aleck Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5SS-6BB] - 1903(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley North, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver -  Comment: During 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Donald Pavy Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Black Forest, SA, 1939); assistant (Erindale, SA, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Donald Pavy Caldwell|Caldwell, Donald Pavy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVC2-5NT] - 1907(SA)-1959(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 29, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: amateur broadcaster but never held licence in his name, during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Aleck Stewart Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Clapham, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frank David Caldwell|Caldwell, Frank David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FQ9] - 1907(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2YF Sydney (Bondi, 1930-1936; Concord, 1937; Bondi, 1938-1939; Waverley, 1946-1969); 2YF Katoomba (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 587, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 404, 1938; BOCP 186, 1938  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: employee Clyde Engineering Works (Burwood, 1930); mechanic (Bondi, 1936-1937; Waverley, 1949-1958; Bronte, 1963-1968)
* [[/Robert Ballantyne Caldwell|Caldwell, Robert Ballantyne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2ZSH-LYB] - 1869(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: father of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell; brother of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: resident engineer (North Unley, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Rupert Christian Caldwell|Caldwell, Rupert Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W3-897] - 1893(Vic)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2YW Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1924); 2JO Sydney (Bondi Junction, 1928; Waverley, 1929-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1937; Bondi, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 415, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Waverley, 1930-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1936; Bondi Beach, 1937-1968); retired (Waverley, 1972; Bondi Beach, 1977; Malabar, 1980)
* [[/William Alexander Caldwell|Caldwell, William Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y4-P92] - 1881(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5DI Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: brother of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; uncle of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: nil (Glenelg, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CALETTI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guido Caletti|Caletti, Guido &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-NV5] - 1900(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922; Newtown, 1922); 2CL Sydney (Newtown, 1923; Redfern, 1924; Annandale, 1924-1926; Punchbowl, 1927-1929; Penrose, 1930); 2AHV Sydney (Hurstville, 1938-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 649, 1921 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Punchbowl, 1930); mechanic (Bankstown, 1933); telephone mechanic (Hurstville, 1937-1949)
===''CALLABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Callaby|Callaby, Clarence James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBQ-38C] - 1910(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1934); 3BI Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 546, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Concord, 1933-1935); chemist (Croydon, 1936-1937); industrial chemist (West Ryde, 1943-1958); company director (St Ives, 1963-1968); director (St Ives, 1972-1977)
===''CALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Victor Callick|Callick, Harold Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF4-P45] - 1898(Eng)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Herston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: surgical dresser (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1921-1925; Herston, Qld, 1937-1963; Alderley, Qld, 1943-1949; Herston, Qld, 1954-1958; Chermside, Qld, 1963); retired (Miami, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''CALLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival James Callow|Callow, Percival James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFB-TR6] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Albion, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Albion, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Glen Kedron, Qld, 1934; Kedron, Qld, 1936-1963); retired (Scarborough, Qld, 1968)

===''CAMERON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. R. Cameron|Cameron, A. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RC Adelaide (Leabrook, 1931-1938); 2AMK Sydney (Hunters Hill, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Milton Cameron|Cameron, Robert Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXL-HDJ] - 1907(Vic)-1985(SA) - Licences: 3OT Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1923); 3OT Melbourne (Malvern, 1924-1933); 2XV Sydney (Waverton, 1935; Cronulla, 1937-1939); 4CS Brisbane (Doomben, 1947; Archerfield, 1948); 3AC Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 112, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 87, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Malvern East, 1931-1934); aeradio operator (Cooktown, 1943); surveyor (Prahran, 1954)

===''CAMPBELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dallas Dwyer Campbell|Campbell, Dallas Dwyer]] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - 2KU? Receive Ulmarra (1922-23), 2CU Ulmarra (1924-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 5, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Douglas Gilmore Campbell|Campbell, Douglas Gilmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJBS-NDD] - 1888(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2JO Receive Kyogle (1922-1924), 2DG Kyogle (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 70, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Frank Valentine Campbell|Campbell, Frank Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-CGN] - 1901(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4GC George Alfred Campbell - Electoral Rolls: wireless expert (South Brisbane, Qld, 1926); mechanic (Kedron, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Kedron, Qld, 1934-1954); electrician (Haberfield, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Beacon Hill, NSW, 1968-1972)
* [[/Frederick Alexander Campbell|Campbell, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC4J-HG7] - 1849(Sct)-1930(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, South Yarra, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: director (Melbourne, 1903-1913; South Yarra, 1914-1919); chief executive (South Yarra, 1924-1928)
* [[/George Alfred Campbell|Campbell, George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-C21] - 1894(Eng)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4GC Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1937-1939, 1947-1960); 4GC Mermaid Beach (1965-1975); 4GC Brisbane (Annerley, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2014, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Frank Valentine Campbell - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West End, Qld, 1925-1926; South Brisbane, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Annerley, Qld, 1968-1972; Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1977)
* [[/James Campbell|Campbell, James]] - 1845(Sct)-1893(Vic) - proprietor of engineering business in Ballarat, politician in Victoria, Postmaster-General Victoria (Apr 1884 - Feb 1886)
* [[/Neville Douglas Campbell|Campbell, Neville Douglas or Douglas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G73C-WVG] - 1912(Tas)-2007(Tas) - Licences: 7NC Hobart (City, 1932-1939, 1946-1956; Sandy Bay, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 993, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (New Town, 1943; Sandy Bay, 1949-1958)
* [[/Robert Campbell|Campbell, Robert]] - 1917(???)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4RC Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1180, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, treasurer, QSL officer) - Comment: numerous contemporaneous RCs - Electoral Rolls: Nile yet identified

===''CANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Fredrick Herrett Cannon|Cannon, Ronald Fredrick or Frederick Herrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7JW-T6L] - 1913(Tas)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7RC Wynyard (1932-1939); 3BRC Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 946, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 97, 1937; 1COCP 473, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; RAAFWR; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wynyard, 1936-1937); engineer (St Kilda, 1943); radio technician (Auburn, 1949; Hawthorn, 1954-1967); tv hirer (Hawthorn, 1968-1980)
===''CANSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathan Victor Charles Cansick|Cansick, Nathan Victor Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSJ-CXC] - 1907(Vic)-1968(NSW) - 3VE Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3AK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 139, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''CAREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Carey|Carey, Francis Joseph &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 18??-19?? -  X??, 4?? Toowoomba 1911-1914, 1922-1923, 2AMI Sydney (Centennial Park, 1933-1939; North Sydney 1946-1954; Fairfield 1955-1980) - amateur operator  (AOCP 1152, 1933, ?? in NSW) , radio club member (QWI), Halcyon: AOCP NSW 1925
* [[/John Thomas Carey|Carey, John Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Y9-TZ8] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 19, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (St Kilda, 1913; West End, Townsville, 1919)
===''CARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Lewis Carne|Carne, Ronald Lewis &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-N3M] - 1910(Fiji)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4RP Hambledon Mill via Cairns (1935); 4RP Innisfail (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1186, 1933, Qld; 3COCP 429, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, 1936-1937); cane inspector (Sherwood, Qld, 1943); assistant cane inspector (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, Qld, 1949-1954); cane inspector (Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1954-1958); manager (Harwood Mill, Harwood Island, NSW, 1963; Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1968); retired (Bowen, Qld, 1972)

===''CARPENTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Carpenter|Carpenter, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPR-BJS] - 1900(WA)-1956(France) - Licences: No known licence - Qualifications: AOCP 376, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Northam, 1925-1936); instructor (South Perth, 1943); firewood vendor (Whyalla, 1948); teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1954)
===''CARRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Carrie|Carrie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Glanville, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''CARTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Carter|Carter, Albert Edward &quot;Birdie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDL-5CB] - 1916(Qld)-2014(Qld) - Licences: 4LT Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 4LT Nanango (1954); 4LT Brisbane (Carina, 1955-1969); 4LT Sunshine Beach (1975); 4LT Tewantin (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2143, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); wholesale grocery (S. Hoffnung &amp; Co); WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AECs - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Nanango, Qld, 1954); departmental manager (Carina, Qld, 1958-1972); retired (Sunshine Beach, Qld, 1977; Tewantin, Qld, 1980))
* [[/Clarence Sydney William Carter|Carter, Clarence Sydney William]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5T1-TXL] - 1902(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Kensington, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Maylands, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 24, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Glen Osmond, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frederick Pell Carter|Carter, Frederick Pell or Peel (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-2BC] - 1899(NSW)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5GK Adelaide (Mile End, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 761, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service station proprietor (Mile End, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/H. Carter|Carter, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Graceville, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Numerous contemporaneous HCs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Raymond Carter|Carter, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9G5-KJT] - 1911(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2HC Quirindi (1926-1939; 1946-1980+); 2BE Portable Quirindi (1933-1934); 2AI Portable Quirindi (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 286, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Quirindi, 1933-1980) - Callsign 2BE withdrawn by PMGD for 2BE Bega commercial

===''CARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Carty|Carty, Bruce]] - historian (broadcast, amateur broadcast), author &quot;Australian Radio History&quot;

===''CASTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Castle|Castle, Clarence Henry &quot;Clarry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-7GR] - 1915(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5KL Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939); 5KL Darwin (1947-1948); 5KL Adelaide (Enfield Heights, 1954-1965; Enfield, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1209, 1933, SA; 2COCP 263, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CASWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Harold Caswell|Caswell, Archibald Harold &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-Y3X] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) -  Licences: 4CB Murgon (1934-1939); 4CB Maryborough (1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1340, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (POW); business proprietor (garage) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Maryborough, Qld, 1954-1972); retired (Torquay, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''CATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lester Evans Catford|Catford, Lester Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDD8-RCB] - 1911(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LC Gladstone (1931-1939, 1947); 5LC Adelaide (Malvern, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 789, 1931, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 357, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Lance Maynard Catford|Catford, Lance Maynard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQR-K2W] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5XL Clare (1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2372, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: share farmer (Clare, SA, 1939)

===''CAVANAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Mortimer Cavanagh|Cavanagh, William Mortimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-GPH] - 1908(Vic)-1995(NSW) - Receive Warburton (1923-1924), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925), 2WC Sydney (Potts Point, 1928), 2WC Goulburn (1930), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Williamstown, 1937-1939), 2WC Wauchope (1946-1980+), qualifications: (AOCP 214, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 598, 1942), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2, electoral rolls: sales (Goulburn, 1930; St Kilda, 1931-1934), radio dealer (Wauchope, 1949-1980)
===''CAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Cave|Cave, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB7-G73] - 1898(Eng?)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1925-1926); operator of Wills &amp; Co Receive licence 1924 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 129, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAF Wireless Operator); foundation member Tasmanian Gliding Club (instructor); returned to England 1931; likely Wing Commander RAF in WW2; possibly lost in SE Asia 1942 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CAWTHRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Cawthron|Cawthron, Edward Joseph &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBH-9SX] - 1908(NSW)-1964(SA) - Licences: 2JC Sydney (Concord, 1926-1933; Neutral Bay, 1931; Concord, 1933; Five Dock, 1933); 2VA Sydney (City, 1931); 2EJ Sydney (City, 1931); 5JC Adelaide (Kent Town, 1937-1939); 5JE Adelaide (Somerton, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954; Somerton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 308, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Haberfield, 1943)

===''CECIL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clyde Cecil|Cecil, Clyde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN5-XYG] - 1898(Vic)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6AB Kalgoorlie (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 154, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener, Kalgoorlie) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Kalgoorlie, 1919); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, 1921-1925; Maylands, 1928-1937); metallurgist (Nedlands, 1943); physicist (Nedlands, 1949-1954); school principal (Triggs Island, 1958-1963)

===''CHADWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Howel Chadwick|Chadwick, Richard Howel (Electoral Rolls) or Howell (BMD) &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3PQ-6HH] - 1896(NZ)-1955(Qld) - Licences: 4GU Brisbane (Wilston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1197, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (travelling salesman) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Zillmere, Qld, 1921); salesman (Wilston, Qld, 1925-1954)

===''CHAFFER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Martin Chaffer|Chaffer, Edward Martin &quot;Martin&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1Z-B3P] - 1905(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3XF Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1927); 6XF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1933); 2AEK Sydney (Potts Point, 1938); 3MH Hamilton (1947); 3MH Ballarat (1948); 3MH Swan Hill (1954); 3MH Melbourne (Preston, 1955-1956; Moonee Ponds, 1965-1969; Doncaster, 1975-1980) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 354, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 304, 1937; 2COCP 113, 1937; 1COCP 151, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic Essendon, treasurer, 1924), placed 2nd for best complete station Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1924; placed second for best complete station at Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1925; placed 10th in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926; broadcast engineer (3HA, 3BA, 3SH), Dept Civil Aviation 1930s, military (WW2, 1942+) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1936); radio engineer (Hamilton, 1942; Ballarat, 1949; Swan Hill, 1954; Preston, 1963); radio technician (Moonee Ponds, 1967-1968); retired (Doncaster, 1977-1980) - Relationships: father of 3AII Ken Chaffer

===''CHALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Robert Challen|Challen, Peter Robert]] - 1848(Eng)-1905(Vic) - early telephone, telephony &amp; wireless experimenter, employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Electrical Office &amp; Postmaster), radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), associate of Henry Walter Jenvey, William Philip Bechervaise &amp; George Smibert
===''CHALLENDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard Challender|Challender, Gerard &quot;Gerry&quot;]] - 1910(Eng)-1950(NSW) - 2ZS Kempsey, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, high profile participation 1950 Kempsey floods, military (WW2)
===''CHALLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Reginald Challenger|Challenger, George Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3YQ-ZZB] - 1902(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: 2GC Sydney (Auburn, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Auburn, 1930-1935)

===''CHAMBERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rupert Chambers|Chambers, Francis Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYY2-JKX] - 1898(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 247, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Camberwell, 1924-1925); contractor (Geraldton, 1931; Mt Waverley, 1934-1936); linesman (Seaford, 1937; Frankston, 1942); technician (Frankston, 1949; Seaford, 1954); retired (Upwey, 1963; McRae, 1968)
* [[/Walter Alfred Chambers|Chambers, Walter Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3N6-VX1] - 1889(Qld)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 151, 1915; 2COCP 100, 1930; 1COCP 96, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Thursday Island, 1912-1913); radio telegraphist (Wyndham, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Subiaco, 1917); radio telegraphist (Esperance, 1921-1925); officer-in-charge (Geraldton, 1925); radio officer (Como, 1931-1934; Esperance, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Como, 1943-1968)

===''CHANDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Beals Chandler|Chandler, John Beals]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HN-HXH] - 1887(Eng)-1962(Qld) - principal (4BC); proprietor (J. B. Chandler &amp; Co., 1913-1962); Lord Mayor Brisbane (1940-1952); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - don't confuse D. W. Chandler early wireless experimenter - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chandler-sir-john-beals-9724 ADB]
===''CHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Channon|Channon, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BO Receive Inverell (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Lloyd Lister Channon|Channon, Lloyd Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD59-4NS] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Receive Manilla (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Elsmore, 1913); postal official (Raymond Terrace, 1930-1949)

===''CHAPMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Chapman|Chapman, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZYW-3F4] - 1864(NSW)-1926(NSW) - occupations (apprentice saddler, hotelier), politician (Postmaster-General, 1905-1907), oversight of Commonwealth Wireless Telegraphy conference Melbourne 1907 - Links: [[w:Austin Chapman|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chapman-sir-austin-5554 ADB]
* [[/Bruce Amundsen Chapman|Chapman, Bruce Amundsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VL-575] - 1912(WA)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BA Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1958; St Ives, 1960-1969 - Qualifications: AOCP 696, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shipping clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1937); clerk (Balgowlah, 1949-1958; St Ives, 1963-1968)
* [[/E. B. Chapman|Chapman, E. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank William Chapman (Qld)|Chapman, Frank William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC5-KB3] - 1898(???)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4XL Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939); 4ZFC Brisbane (Ekibin, 1965); 4TH Brisbane (Ekibin, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 785, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Salisbury, Qld, 1928); labourer (Yeronga, Qld, 1929-1937); waterside worker (Paddington, Qld, 1943-1949); PMG technician (Ekibin, Qld, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frank William Chapman (WA)|Chapman, Frank William (WA)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBXD-TFK] - 1918(Vic)-1988(WA) - Licences: 6CC Perth (Manning Park, 1954-1965; Bassendean, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3319, 1953, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Chidlow, WA, 1949); teacher (Manning Park, WA, 1954-1963); technical school principal (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1963); teacher (Bassendean, WA, 1968-1977); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1980)
* [[/Harrison Chapman|Chapman, Harrison &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-2C5] - 1909(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3JX Receive Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1922); 3GU Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1929-1939, 1946-1965; Flinders, 1965-1975); 3AGU Portable Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1948-1956; Flinders, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 513, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1AOCP 32, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Ivanhoe, 1931-1936); chemist (Geelong, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942; Ivanhoe, 1949-1954); chemical engineer (Ivanhoe, 1963); minister of religion (Flinders, 1968); clergyman (Flinders, 1972-1977)
* [[/Owen George Chapman|Chapman, Owen George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8YX-YLK] - 1904(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2OC Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 669, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wyong, 1930-1958)
* [[/Percival Carnew Lamont Chapman|Chapman, Percival Carnew Lamont &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-5M8] - 1911(Qld)-2008(Qld) - 4PC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1933); 4PC Babinda (1937-1939); 4PC Monto (1946-1975); 4PC Point Vernon (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1155, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); occupation (power house engineer/manager) - Relationships: father of Geoff Chapman 4CET - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1943; Monto, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Point Vernon, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Chapman|Chapman, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZ2X-8KG] - 1890(Tas)-1957(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 116, 1915; 1COCP 63, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal wireless operator; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1925); officer-in-charge (Radio Station Applecross, 1931-1954)

===''CHAPPELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Arthur Chappell|Chappell, Lloyd Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69G-SB9] - 1911(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7LC Ross (1936-1937); 7LC Winnaleah (1938-1939); 7LC Hobart (Kingston, 1947-1955; Sandy Bay, 1956-1975; Coles Bay, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1828, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 172, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ross, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Queenstown, 1943; Kingston, 1949-1958)

===''CHARLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Charles|Charles, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QC-V3V] - 1916(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5YQ Adelaide (North Unley, 1935-1939; Unley, 1947-1948; Ascot Park, 1954-1956; Hyde Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1443, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Unley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CHARLESWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Denison Charlesworth|Charlesworth, Reginald Denison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW1M-CKJ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2CI Receive Sydney (Haberfield, 1922); 2CI Sydney (Haberfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: migrated to Fiji mid 1920s, returned to Australia mid 1930s - Electoral Rolls: factory manager (Summer Hill, 1933); engineer (Haberfield, 1935-1937); Lane Cove, 1943); radio engineer (Dee Why, 1949-1954); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1958-1972)

===''CHARTERIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Charteris|Charteris, Michael]] - 4QS Ipswich &amp; Maryborough - amateur operator, historian (amateur)

===''CHATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Greatham Chatfield|Chatfield, Robert Greatham &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK92-9L1] - 1900(NZ)-1974(NZ) - Licences: ZL2AV Wellington (1925-1954+) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 1925, No. ?? in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clubs (Wellington Amateur Radio Club 2WB, member and one time president) - Relationships: father of Don Chatfield ZL2SG - Comment: substantial early portion (100+) of QSL collection survives - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wellington, 1922); salesman (Wellington, 1931-1954); retired (Wellington, 1963-1972)
===''CHATTERTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Chatterton|Chatterton, Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZWW-952] - 1902(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: 7AY Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Hobart, 1925-1928)
===''CHAUVEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Temple Frank Chauvel|Chauvel, Walter Temple Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH5T-WNQ] - 1902(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Stanthorpe (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1925-1928); grazier (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1928-1943); radio engineer (Texas, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (East Ballina, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''CHEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Reginald Cheel|Cheel, Charles Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N1J-PTC] - 1890(Vic)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5CR Adelaide (Maylands, 1934-1939, 1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1278, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CHENNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Chennell|Chennell, Victor &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBH-1XV] - 1907(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5JH Adelaide (Norwood, 1927-1933; Cowandilla, 1937-1939; North Adelaide, 1946-1956; Ascot Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 346, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer? (Goodwood Park, 1939)

===''CHESSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chessell|Chessell, John or John Carl]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN16-XWP]? [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2M1-9GS]? - 1914(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2LV Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1929-1934); 2YU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1935-1936; Ashfield, 1937-1939); 2ER Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 517, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Croydon, 1936; Bowral, 1937-1954) - seems to be two contemporaneous John Chessel's
===''CHESTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Chesterfield|Chesterfield, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVH-3SK] - 1895(Vic)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Wayville, 1924-1926); 2ACQ Sydney (Strathfield, 1937-1939); 4HJ Brisbane (Cleveland, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 23, 1914; 1COCP 266, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Croydon, NSW, 1930); radio engineer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1931-1935); department manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1935); radio engineer (Strathfield, 1936; Pymble, NSW, 1943; Cleveland, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''CHICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Garth Chick|Chick, Leonard Garth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SW-7PJ] - 1918(Tas)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 7LG Launceston (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1973, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 227, 1939; 2COCP 550, 1941; 1COCP 1264, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Swan Point, 1944); aeradio operator (Lindisfarne, 1949); technician (Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954); draftsman (East Keilor, 1963-1968); surveyor (Forster, 1977-1980)
===''CHILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Oliver Chilton|Chilton, Frederick Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-XFL] - 1905(NSW)-2007(NSW)102yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Wahroonga, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 147, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur receive operator; military (Brigadier); awards (Knighted) - Relationships: brother of 2RC Robert Ralph Chilton - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1943); civil servant (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1967); retired (Clareville Beach, NSW, 1972-1980) - Links: [[w:Frederick Oliver Chilton|Wikipedia]]
* [[/George Frederick Chilton|Chilton, George Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3CR-41Q] - 1891(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 2GF Sydney (Pennant Hills, 1924; Carlingford, 1925); 4GD Townsville (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 160, 1915; 1COCP 10, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal operator (VIG, VIB, VIS, VIT, Rockbank); wireless telegraphist (PMG); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917); federal public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1919-1921); radio stationmaster (South Townsville, Qld, 1925; Glenferrie, 1927; Wireless Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1942); engineer (St Kilda, 1949-1954)
* [[/Robert Ralph Chilton|Chilton, Robert Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-821] - 1907(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1925-1926); 2RC Gloucester (1927); 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1928-1939, 1946-1947; Roseville East, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 152, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist assistant (Wahroonga, 1933); chemist (Stanthorpe, 1954-1963; Sherwood, Qld, 1972) - Relationships: brother of Frederick Oliver Chilton

===''CHINERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jessie Camelia Chinery|Chinery or Chinnery, Jessie Camelia]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMP-6NZ] - 1915(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6JC Perth (Welshpool, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1866, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: not stated (Welshpool, WA, 1937) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''CHIPPINDALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Kellett Chippindall|Chippindall, Eric Kellett &quot;Chippy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFCB-MNZ] - 1916(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939); 4XR Gympie (1946-1969); 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1940, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4SB, 4BU, 4LG, 4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1949); announcer-engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1954-1958); shopkeeper (Paddington, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''CHISHOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham St Clair Chisholm|Chisholm, Graham St Clair]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX47-TTR] - 1915(Qld)-2002(WA) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933); 3ACG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1947-1948); 5PG Darwin (1955-1956); 1AB Canberra (Canberra City, 1960; Ainslie, 1965); 6IB Perth (Dalkeith, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1101, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 18, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (3SR, Shepparton, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1954); broadcaster (Reid, ACT, 1958; Ainslie, ACT, 1963; Dalkeith, WA, 1968-1972); manager (Nedlands, 1977-1980)

===''CHITHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Chitham|Chitham, William Norman &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-KJK] - 1912(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4UU Brisbane (Bulimba, 1933-1934; Fortitude Valley 1937-1939; Cannon Hill, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 913, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor, QSL officer); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; military (WW2) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cannon Hill, 1949-1963); buyer (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''CHRISMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Chrismas|Chrismas, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YC-FC2] - 1892(NSW)-1950(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 250, 1916; 1COCP 31, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916); wireless operator (Wyndham, 1917; Applecross, 1925); radio telegraphist (Broome, 1931; Geraldton, 1936-1949)

===''CLAFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keighran James Claffey|Claffey, Keighran James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84R-LLP] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AK Deniliquin (1928-1939); 2AK Picton (1946); 2AK Deniliquin (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 459, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarrandale, 1949; Deniliquin, 1954; Yarrandale, 1958-1963); retired (Deniliquin, 1977-1980)
===''CLARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Clark|Clark, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-CJH] - 1903(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3FC Rainbow (1928); 3FC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933; Elwood, 1937; St Kilda, 1938); 3FC Mildura (1946-1947); 3FC Ouyen (1948-1960); 3FC Geelong (Leopold, 1969; Clifton Springs, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 426, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal official (Rainbow, 1925); postal clerk (Rainbow, 1928); clerk (St Kilda, 1931-1937); senior postal clerk (Red Cliffs, 1942); postmaster (Ouyen, 1949-1954); retired (Clifton Springs, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank P. R. Clark|Clark, Frank P. R.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFG-WRN] - 1900(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924); 2YF Sydney (Manly, 1925) - Qualifications: AOCP 122, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: gone too soon
* [[/Leopold Francis Clark|Clark, Leopold Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273Q-3D5] - 1902(Tas)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7CK Natone (1932-1939); 7CK Burnie (1946-1948); Deloraine (1954-1969); Lanena (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 989, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Natone, 1928-1936; Burnie, 1943-1949); grazier (Needles, 1954; Deloraine, 1963)
===''CLARKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Fraser Clarke|Clarke, Percival Fraser &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ3-4J2] - 1896(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4PY Ayr (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1781, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jarvisfield, Qld, 1919-1937; Aspley, Qld, 1949-1972)
* [[/Warren Ross Clarke|Clarke, Warren Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NT-LSN] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Mosman,1930-1933; Asquith, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 650, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 6, 1934; 1COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Asquith, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1936); radio officer (Mosman, 1943); flight radio officer (Mosman, 1949-1954); clerk (Glenbrook, 1963); travel consultant (Glenbrook, 1972); clerk (Merrylands, 1972); planner (North Rocks, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Clarke|Clarke, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ2-1QS] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 32, 1930 - RANRS (temp Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: several contemporaneous WGCs - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Townsville, 1916); seaman (HMAS Encounter, Geelong, 1919); biograph operator (Langwarrin Military Camp, Vic, 1919); hotel manager (Naval Base Hotel, South Fremantle, 1931)

===''CLAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard George Clay|Clay, Richard George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZZ-LGN] - 1903(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RC Melbourne (Northcote, 1929; Alphington, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 536, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Northcote, 1925-1927); welder (Northcote, 1928); electric welder (Alphington, 1931); welder (Richmond, 1936-1937; Alphington, 1942; Northcote, 1949); contractor (Traralgon, 1954-1972) 
===''CLAYTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maisie Ian Jesson Clayton|Rawson nee Clayton, Maisie Ian Jesson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RT-25P] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 488, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio worker (Artarmon, 1937); engineer (Kirribilli, 1949); radio engineer (Lane Cove, 1954-1963); engineer (Lane Cove, 1968-1972); home duties (Lane Cove, 1977-1980) - Lady:
* [[/Maurice Charles Clayton|Clayton, Maurice Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86J-HX3] - 1912(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1930-1931); 5ZC Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 596, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon (24yo)
* [[/Walter George Gladstone Clayton|Clayton, Walter George Gladstone &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3XN-J1N] - 1918(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4WG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4WG Brisbane (Windsor, 1946-1969); 4WG Townsville (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1868, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF Signals); state public servant (Qld Railways, supervising tech. comms.) - Relationships: uncle of Maise Ian Jesson Rawson nee Clayton (Radio Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Windsor, 1954-1968); technician (Townsville, 1972-1980)

===''CLIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Cliff|Cliff, Harry]] - 1908(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HC Melbourne (Essendon, 1928-1948; Heidelberg, 1954-1975); 3HC Point Lonsdale (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 400, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: implement maker (Moonee Ponds, 1906); engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1928); clerk (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); company secretary (North Melbourne, 1943); director (Ivanhoe, 1954-1968; Heidelberg, 1972); retired (Point Lonsdale, 1977-1980) (pre 1928 is another Harry Cliff)
===''CLIFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Glendenning Clifford|Clifford, Herbert Glendenning]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTS-4CN] - 1882(Eng)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5BW Receive Renmark (1923); Receive Renmark (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Renmark, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CLINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gladstone Clinch|Clinch, Frederick Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5P-TWM] - 1898(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6JR Greenough (1928-1933); 6FG Miling (1960); 6FG Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 468, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Greenough, 1922-1943); garage proprietor (Miling, 1958); retired (Doubleview, 1963-1972) - Relationships: Father of 6CL Ian Harold Wilson Clinch
* [[/Ian Harold Wilson Clinch|Clinch, Ian Harold Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQX-YS1] - 1926(WA)-19??(WA) - Licences: 6CL Miling (1960-1965); 6CL Dandaragan (1969); 6CL Rossmoyne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3596, 1957 - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Leederville, 1949); manager (Miling, 1958-1963); radio technician (Dongara, 1968); technician (Rossmoyne, 1972-1980) - Relationships: son of 6JR-6FG Frederick Gladstone Clinch

===''CLOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alvin Theodore Closs|Closs, Alvin Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-HG7] - 1895(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: V750 Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922); 3GV Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Brighton, 1917); storekeeper (Olinda, 1924-1931); salesman (Olinda, 1934-1937); civil servant (Tunstall, 1943-1954); retired (Yarra Junction, 1963-1972)
===''CLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Edward Clough|Clough, James Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 483, 1929, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - several contemporaneous JECs

===''COADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Coade|Coade, Ernest]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rutherglen, 1914); mechanic (Thursday Island, 1919)
===''COAKLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas James Coakley|Coakley, Thomas James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX24-W7T] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: 5UK Adelaide (Unley, 1933-1939); 3IU Melbourne (Camberwell, 1947; Essendon, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1105, 1933, No. ?? in SA, 3COCP 61, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: aero fitter (Auburn, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1943; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1980)

===''COALTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Coalter|Coalter, Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSR-STB] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 1, 1914 - ship wireless operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''COATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Melbourne Coates|Coates, Alfred Melbourne or Melbourne Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-MCZ] - 1884(???)-1964(Vic) - Licences: V757 Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922); 3GG Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (USA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1921-1937; Kalorama, 1943-1954)

===''COFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Freeman Coffey|Coffey, Henry Freeman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3QL-BR1] - 1885(Irl)-1934(NSW) - Licences: 4KY Brisbane (Doomben, 1925-1926; Hamilton, 1927); 2ZY Sydney (Willoughby, 1929; Maroubra, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 52, 1915; 1COCP 12, 1930 - Halycyon: AOCP Brisbane 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless operator (Marconi, White Star, Booth Steamship, Iquitos Steamship, Union Castle); RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal operator (CRS, PMGD, AWA); federal public servant - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Middle Park, Vic, 1919); engineer (Malvern East, 1922-1924); radiostation master (Thursday Island, 1925); wireless operator (Doomben, Qld, 1925-1928); engineer (Chatswood, 1930); wireless mechanic (Maroubra, 1930-1934)

===''COHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derrick Cohen|Cohen, Derek or Derrick Simeon &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCF-DR7] - 1914(Eng)-2010(NSW) - Licences: 2YM Sydney (Dobroyd Point, 1932-1933; Kings Cross, 1933; Clovelly, 1934-1936); 4YM Brisbane (City, 1937-1939); 1YM Macquarie Island (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 238, 1930; AOCP 1011, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West End, Qld, 1943); technician (Coburg, Vic, 1954); television producer (Chatswood, NSW, 1963; Little Wallaby Beach, NSW, 1977)

===''COLEBATCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Vincent Colebatch|Colebatch, Ernest Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Q2-974] - 1905(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5CG Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Belair, SA, 1939-1941)

===''COLESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Russell Coleston|Coleston, Stanley Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-KQL] - 1913(Vic)-2012(Qld) - Licences: 3XK Melbourne (Middle Park, 1930-1931; Gardenvale, 1933; Glenhuntly, 1937-1939, 1946-1955); 9XK Port Moresby (1956-1960); 3AXK Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969); 4XA Brisbane (Geebung, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 688, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Glenhuntly, 1936-1942; Caulfield East, 1949-1954); public servant (Mt Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Geebung, 1977-1980)

===''COLLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Felton Collard|Collard, Cyril John Felton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97X9-6VY] - 1896(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2CF Maitland West (1927-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 362, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 540, 1941; BOCP 541, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lorn, 1930-1963); retired (North Maitland, 1968)
===''COLLINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Joseph Collins|Collins, Clarence Henry Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1Y1-GB1] - 1891(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5FC Adelaide (Marryatville, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1043, 1932, SA; BOCP 29, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Marryatville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''COLLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Andrew Collis|Collis, George Andrew]] - 1869(Tas)-1926(Tas) - Receive Hobart, radio clubs (Tasmanian Radio Club, foundation member, 1922+), electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1921) - potential misidentification, George Arthur Collis, Radio Research Club, Hobart, witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927
* [[/Ralph Collis|Collis, Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-48N] - 1918(WA)-2013(WA)105yo - Licences: 6LY Perth (Bayswater, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1454, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bayswater, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); proprietor (Cadoux, WA, 1963; Tuart Hill, WA, 1968); business proprietor (Dianella, WA, 1972-1977); proprietor (Bedford, WA, 1980)

===''COLTHEART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Coltheart|Coltheart, Clarence James]] - 1885(Tas)-1962(Tas) - Licences: 7BF Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, Vic, 1913-1914; Queenstown, 1922-1954)
===''COLTHRUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Colthrup|Colthrup, James Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBW8-J4Z] - 1908(Vic)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 3PL Melbourne (Clifton Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1368, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 374, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, Wireless &amp; Gunnery School) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1931); engineer (Clifton Hill, 1937); airman (Clifton Hill, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/623876]
===''COLVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Victor Colville|Colville, Sydney Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3WQ-S78] - 1894(Vic)-1966(NSW) - Licences: XQF Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913); 2FA Receive Sydney (1922); 2FA Sydney (1923-1925); 2VH Sydney (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wireless retail business proprietor (Colville Moore) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloongabba, 1917; Chelmer, 1919-1921); broker (Bowen Hills, 1922); manufacturer (Drummoyne, NSW, 1930-1933); merchant (Lane Cove, 1935-1936); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1936-1937); company director (Glenbrook, 1943-1963)

===''CONDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Sylvester Condon|Condon, Austin Sylvester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RG-K2K] - 1924(SA)-2011(SA) - Licences: 5WO Laura (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3012, 1949, SA - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil [https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/obituaries-tributes-to-three-of-our-finest/news-story/845c3a27d81fd8a8f4bbe436503a9b1e Obit]
===''CONDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Tasman Conder|Conder, Walter Tasman &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CJ-DTS] - 1888(Tas)-1974(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as General Manager, BCA, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Launceston, 1914); soldier (Langwarrin Military Camp, 1918-1921; Melbourne, 1924); secretarial (Melbourne, 1925-1928); entrepreneur (Melbourne, 1931-1937); secretary (Melbourne, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/conder-walter-tasman-5747 ADB]
===''CONGDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bert Congdon|Congdon, Bert &quot;Bertie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VVJ-CMW] - 1891(Vic)-1961(WA) - 6BA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923-1924), 6BC Perth (Subiaco, 1927-1939, 1946-1960), amateur operator (AOCP 382, 1927, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW1, civil servant (Subiaco, 1925-1958)
===''CONNELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dermot Anthony Connelly|Connelly, Dermot Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L5-2VC] - 1903(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3BU Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922); 3BU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925); 3ADK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1948; Ivanhoe, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Caulfield, 1927-1936); Air Force officer (St Kilda, 1937); nil (Frankston, 1949); photographer (Ivanhoe, 1954-1963)
===''CONNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilson Connon|Connon, George Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-8Z2] - 1907(Sct)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5KJ Booleroo (1937-1939); 5KJ Yunta (1947); 5KJ Alice Springs (1948-1954); 5KJ Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1955-1956); 5KJ Port Lincoln (1960); 5KJ Berri (1965-1969); 5KJ Barmera (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1991, 1937, SA; 2COCP 336, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pensioner (Millswood East, SA, 1939); bookkeeper (Port Augusta, SA, 1941-1948); radio technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1949-1954)

===''CONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emmett Bernard Connor|Connor, Emmett Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-L7Q] - 1913(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4CE Gindie (1936); 4OC Longreach (1956); 4OC Fernlees (1960); 4OC Brisbane (Aspley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; BOCP 280, 1940; 3COCP 5529, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing shed hand (Gindie, Qld, 1936); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Longreach, Qld, 1943-1949); business Manager (Cramsie, Longreach, Qld, 1954-1958); grazier (&quot;Ronnoc Downs&quot;, Fernlees, Qld, 1958-1963; Aspley, Qld, 1963-1977)
* [[/Laurance Kingsley Connor|Connor, Laurance Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2GD-KPT] - 1907(NSW)-1950(NSW) - 2LK Sydney (Belmore, 1925-1926), 2ALC Sydney (Lakemba, 1948; Cammeray, 1950), amateur operator (AOCP 68, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 881, 1925; 2COCP 199, 1930; 1COCP 220, 1939), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Stephen James Connor|Connor, Stephen James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH4J-FP4] - 1894(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 235, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1917); electrical engineer (Strathfield, NSW, 1930; Lismore, NSW, 1933); electrician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1934; Strathfield, NSW, 1936-1963); retired (Lapstone, NSW, 1972)
* [[/Terence Connor|Connor, Terence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-3DV] - 1916(Tas)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 7CT Hobart (Rokeby, 1936-1939; City, 1946-1948); 7CT Huonville (1954-1960); 7CT Hobart (Bellerive, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1643, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: auto-electrician (New Town, 1943; Hobart North, 1949); manager (Huonville, 1949-1954); sales rep. (Bellerive, 1963-1977)

===''CONRAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Ernest Conrad|Conrad, Raymond Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSP2-VGS] - 1905(Tas)-1977(Tas) - Licences: 2TR Sydney (Bexley, 1930-1937; Rockdale, 1938-1939); 7TR Hobart (Derwent Park, 1947; Moonah, 1948-1956; Berriedale, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 651, 1930, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 308, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: battery fitter (Bexley, 1930); storeman (Bexley, 1931-1934); clerk (Bexley, 1935-1936; Rockdale, 1937); purchasing officer (Cameray, 1943); radio manufacturer (Moonah, 1949-1954); engineer (Hospital, Rosetta, 1963)
===''CONRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Conry|Conry, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-HCR] - 1892(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 3OK Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1925); 3CO Melbourne (Brighton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 260, 1916; 1COCP 44, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (Merchant Marine); RANRS; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD Vic) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1919; Armadale, 1921-1924); inspector (Brighton, 1925-1937); radio inspector (South Brisbane, 1943-1949); postal official (St Lucia, 1954-1958)
===''CONWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn Laurence Dean Conway|Conway, Mervyn Laurence Dean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MH-GHZ] - 1912(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7CL Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1960); 7CL Hobart (West Hobart, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1684, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Nelson, 1936); school teacher (Launceston East, 1937); teacher (Devonport, 1943; New Town, 1949-1958)

===''COOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Byron Cook|Cook, Ernest Byron &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M46M-M3J] - 1902(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3CK Tresco (1926-1927); 3CK Kerang (1931); 3EC Swan Hill (1938-1939); 3EC Melbourne (Coburg, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 295, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Swan Hill, 1937-1942)
* [[/Victor Roy Percival Cook|Cook, Victor Roy Percival &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYJG-6C6] - 1899(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: XVN Adelaide (1913-1914); S099 Adelaide (1920s); 5AC Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1927; Rose Park, 1928-1931; Kilkenny, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Woodville, 1954-1975; Somerton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 94, 1925, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: analyst (Kilkenny, 1939-1943)
===''COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive J. Cooke|Cooke, Clive J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4CC Brisbane (Chermside, -1952+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
* [[/Frank Basil Cooke|Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7Q6-TN8] - 1892(SA)-1967(NSW) - XADW Sydney (1913), 2LI Sydney (1922-1924), 2XQ Receive Sydney (1923), 2DJ Sydney (Northbridge, 1924-1931; Mosman, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP; AOCP 39, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA NSW, vice-president 1923)
* [[/Frederick William Cooke|Cooke, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB8-V6L] - 1906(Eng)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Footscray, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 311, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: meter tester (Footscray, 1926-1949)
===''COOKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Cookson|Cookson, Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YD-87L] - 1889(Eng)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 201, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); no occupation (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Northbridge, 1949-1963; Bexley, NSW, 1968)
* [[/Joseph George Cookson|Cookson, Joseph George &quot;George&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGCW-Z8N] - 1888(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 862, 1925; 2COCP 21, 1929; 1COCP 34, 1930 - RANRS (1919), AWA - Relationships: Father of Leonard Kenneth Cookson - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Crossover, Vic, 1912-1913; Bacchus Marsh, 1914-1915); mechanic (Alphington, 1917); engineer (Cooktown, 1919); radio engineer (Radio Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1930-1935; Croydon, NSW, 1943-1958) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]
* [[/Leonard Kenneth Cookson|Cookson, Leonard Kenneth &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ8-JHV] - 1917(Vic)-2005(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - AWA - Relationships: Son of Joseph George Cookson - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Concord, NSW, 1943); electrical fitter (Croydon, 1943-1954; Glebe, 1958; Blacktown, 1963-1980) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]

===''COOLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Cooling|Cooling, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVZL-GSC] - 1885(Qld)-1936(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Toowoomba (1924-1927) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 11, 1924, No. 3 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (Toowoomba, 1924), (Halcyon P. 4) - Comment: A tragic end to a productive life - TroveTag: &quot;4BN - Ernest Richard Cooling&quot; - Electoral Rolls: letter carrier (Toowoomba, 1908); telegraphist (Bowen, 1912); postal assistant (Toowoomba, 1913-1930)
===''COOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Saint Coombe|Coombe, Geoffrey Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-TXS] - 1913(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5ML Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1931-1939; Croydon, 1947-1948; Brooklyn Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 756, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5MR Jack Robert Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, 1941)
* [[/Jack Robert Saint Coombe|Coombe, Jack Robert Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-T3C] - 1910(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5MR Adelaide (Stirling West, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2923, 1949, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5ML Geoffrey Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, SA, 1941); electrical mechanic (Mt Lofty, SA, 1943)

===''COOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edwin Charles Cooper|Cooper, Alfred Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV9-9GK] - 1904(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2AL Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1926); 2UO Sydney (Northbridge, 1947-1950); 2AUO Sydney (Yacht Asgard, 1948-1960); 4AY Surfers Paradise (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 180, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 626, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fruit merchant (Ashfield, 1931); director (Northbridge, 1943-1958); company director (Clareville, 1963-1977)
* [[/Eric Cooper|Cooper, Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1M-WC4] - 1925(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 870, 1960, Tas - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Evandale, 1949); radio technician (Evandale, 1954)
* [[/Ernest Edward Cooper|Cooper, Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5F-RLJ] - 1905(Tas)-1951(Tas) - Licences: 7MK Launceston (Youngtown, 1926-1927); 7MC Launceston (City, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 261, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 151, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: may be related to 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1975) Eric Cooper  - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Ulverstone, 1936; Launceston East, 1943; Launceston West, 1949) 
* [[/Harold More Cooper|Cooper, Harold More or Harold Moore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ58-SJP] - 1886(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923-1925); 5HG Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 257, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; submarine cable telegraphist; archaeologist; historian - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cooper-harold-more-9821 ADB]
* [[/James Herbert Cooper|Cooper, James Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVTJ-14B] - 1914(NSW)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2ZG Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1930-1939 - Qualifications: AOCP 701, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Crows Nest, 1936-1943); broker (Mosman, 1949); stock and sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1949-1968); sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1972); broker (St Ives, 1977-1980)

===''CORDINGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harold Cordingley|Cordingley, Charles Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJK-SB4] - 1892(Eng)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ararat, 1913); electrical engineer (Flemington, 1915-1919); engineer (Ascot Vale, 1921-1954)
===''CORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert James Core|Core, Herbert James &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PF-R2Q] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4HC Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2012, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 392, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; formerly Sydney - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1929); assistant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949; Camp Hill, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''CORNELIUS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Edward Cornelius|Cornelius, Eric Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7P-2MD] - 1916(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6EC Albany (1936-1939); 6EC Kalgoorlie (1947-1948); 6EC Wagin (1954-1955); 6EC Perth (Inglewood, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1635, 1936, WA; TVOCP 200, 1959 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Station 6WA, Wagin, 1949-1954; Inglewood, WA, 1958-1977)

===''CORNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Cameron Corney|Corney, Kenneth Cameron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-2MB] - 1899(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: V755 Receive Bairnsdale (1922); 3GY Receive Bairnsdale (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gogeldrie, NSW, 1949); grazier (Metung, Vic, 1963-1980)

===''COTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alfred Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNH3-P9L] - 1897(SA)-1973(SA) - Licences: XVS Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5HY Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1926-1928; Colonel Light Gardens, 1931; Kilburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 270, 1926, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA SA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Semaphore, 1939); clerk (Findon, 1943)
* [[/Arthur Tylney Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Tylney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7G8-SGG] - 1884(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive Spring Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kelvedon, 1914-1963)
* [[/Leith Simpson Cotton|Cotton, Leith Simpson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR2-12K] - 1905(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5LG Adelaide (Burnside, 1932-1933); 5LG Iron Knob (1937-1939); 5LG Adelaide (Clarence Gardens, 1946-1948; Parkholme, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1023, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Iron Knob, 1939-1941)

===''COTTRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Morgan Cottrell|Cottrell, Joseph William Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VLW-L1Y] - 1897(NSW)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 2ZF Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1923); 2ZN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1925; Coogee, 1926-1930; Maroubra Junction, 1931; Dundas, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Carlingford, 1948-1950); 2ADX Sydney (Dundas/Portable, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 367, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 1, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coogee, 1930); broadcaster (Dundas, 1933-1934); radio operator (Dundas, 1936-1943); technician (Carlingford, 1949)

===''COUCHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Clyde McGregor Couchman|Couchman, Clifford Clyde McGregor &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQLS-T4D] - 1907(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4KZ Kaimkillenbun (1930-1939); 4KZ Dalby (1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 151, 1930; COCP 1st Class Marconi School (Halcyon) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Navy, wireless officer); broadcast technician (PMGD, 4QS); business proprietor (electrical &amp; radio, Dalby) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Kaimkillenbun, 1930-1937); engineer (Dalby, 1943-1963); electrical engineer (Dalby, 1968)
===''COULTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Maxwell Coulter|Coulter, Jack Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-MXK] - 1912(SA)-1985(???) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1937); 3MV Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939); 5JD Adelaide (Ashford, 1947-1948; Ackland Gardens, 1954-1960); 5JK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1712, 1936, SA; 2COCP 812, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Caulfield West, Vic, 1937); RAN (Port Melbourne, Vic, 1943)

===''COUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Couper|Couper, Andrew &quot;Andy&quot; Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6R8-R1T] - 1893(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: XQM Mareeba (1914); 4BW Mareeba (1923-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 71, 1925, No. 5 in Qld - early wireless experimenter (1914 &amp; likely earlier unlicensed); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: iron moulder (Mareeba, 1913-1932); engineer (Mareeba, 1936-1958)

===''COURT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Court|Court, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-Q5T] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4CT Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Bayswater, Qld, 1925-1936; Kedron, Qld, 1937-1958)
* [[/Thomas Palmer Court|Court, Thomas Palmer Jnr]] - 1895(Vic)-1976(NSW) - XNY Melbourne (Malvern, 1913-1914), 3BO Melbourne (Malvern, 1922), 3TC Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1927), early wireless experimenter (CPRT 211, 1916), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic, secretary, 1919-1920+), employment (radio salesman, 1928; STC, chief design engineer, 1954), IRE Aust (president, 1950-1951), father also named Thomas Palmer Court (1861, Vic - 1944, NSW)

===''COUSENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Light Reynolds Cousens|Cousens, Harold Light Reynolds]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDG9-3SK] - 1888(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N743 Receive Summer Hill (1922); 2HW Receive Summer Hill (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Tamworth, 1930-1963)
===''COUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Stuart Coutts|Coutts, Edwin Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-698] - 1893(Qld)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4BZ Receive Dalby (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Dalby, 1919-1937); garage proprietor (Dalby, 1943)

===''COWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christian Nesbit Cowan|Cowan, Christian Nesbit]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-6QW] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2PZ Aberdare (1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 613, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 486, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Aberdare, 1930-1963; Cessnock, 1968-1980)

===''COX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Grafton Cox|Cox, Allan (birth) or Allen (census) Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHWX-5XH] - 1892(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 120, 1915; 2COCP 103, 1930; 1COCP 347, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Rockhampton, 1914; Pinkenba, 1916-1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1921-1922; South Yarra, 1926-1927); O.I.C. (Cooktown, 1925; Thursday Island, 1930); radio officer (Clayfield, 1934); O.I.C. (Townsville, 1936-1937); engineer (Rockbank, 1942); wireless officer (Kangaroo Point, 1943; Hendra, Qld, 1949-1958); radio officer (Hendra, 1963-1977)
* [[/Erle Harold Cox|Cox, Erle Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8Z-RG2] - 1903(Tas)-1989(ACT) - Licences: 3BD Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922); 3BD Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1933); 2EP Canberra (Forrest, 1934-1935); 2GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1946-1955); 1GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1956-1965; Mawson, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 245, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist, president Press Gallery, Parliament House 1953 - Awards: O.B.E. for contribution to journalism in Australia 1953 - Relationships: son of Erle Cox, science fiction author [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cox-erle-5799] - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Caulfield, 1931; Gardiner, 1936; Forrest, 1937; Red Hill, 1943-1968; Mawson, 1972-1980)
* [[/Harold Cox|Cox, Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GQ-2RT] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 17, 1914; 1COCP 35, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: several contemporaneous Harold Cox
===''COXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Wooton Coxon|Coxon, Robert Wooton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-HVL] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6RW Northam (1924-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 30, 1924, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer, NT Gov (Director of Mines, 1947); WW2 - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6AG Wally Coxon - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cheltenham, SA, 1943); civil servant (Alice Springs, 1949-1954)
* [[/Walter Ernest Stanley Coxon|Coxon, Walter Ernest Stanley &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY8-JBS] - 1891(NSW)-1968(WA) - Licences: XYK Perth (Maylands, 1913); 6AG Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1925-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939; Bayswater, 1946-1947; Darlington, 1948-1960; Claremont, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 124, 1925, No. ?? in WA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (6WF) - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6RW Robert Wooton Coxon - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Maylands, 1914); engineer (Maylands, 1925-1937); radio engineer (East Perth, 1943; Darlington, 1949-1958); retired (Claremont, 1963-1968) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199311.pdf EA0] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199404.pdf] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199405.pdf EA2]

===''CRAIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith William Craig|Craig, Keith William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNB-7FD] - 1921(NSW)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 2AJV Newcastle (Stockton, 1938-1939); 2EP Newcastle (New Lambton, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2102, 1938, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Stockton, 1943); fitter (Lambton, 1949; New Lambton, 1958-1980)
* [[/Walter Archibald Craig|Craig, Walter Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7X4] - 1907(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2XI Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2XI Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 220, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Croydon, 1930-1954)
===''CRAMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warne Hutton Cramond|Cramond, Warne Hutton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XQB-N2G] - 1898(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2KJ Sydney (Lane Cove, 1928-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 397, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lane Cove, 1930-1949)
===''CRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Rae Cran|Cran, Morris Rae]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-B1J] - 1901(Qld)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 4KX Brisbane (West End, 1930-1939); 2MR Sydney (Rockdale, 1946-1947; Randwick, 1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 570, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West End, 1925-1937); accountant (Bondi, 1943); company secretary (Ranswick, 1954; Coogee, 1958)

===''CRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Layman William Victor Cranch|Cranch, Layman William Victor &quot;Lay&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1993(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer, journalist (editor, Australian Radio and Electronics, 1951), business (manager, Kingsley)
===''CRAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Bruce Cameron Craw|Craw, Russell Bruce Cameron &quot;Bruce&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF2Q-54Y] - 1901(Tas)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 7BC Burnie (1930-1933); 3BC Melbourne (1933-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 671, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Burnie, 1922; North Melbourne, 1924; Burnie, 1928); sales (Middle Park, Vic, 1935)
===''CRAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Thomas Crawford|Crawford, Cedric Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-42L] - 1905(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2YC Sydney (Burwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Burwood, 1930-1933); engineer (Captain's Flat, 1937-1943); mechanical engineer (Broken Hill South, 1954-1963); engineer (St Ives, 1968-1972)
* [[/John Murray Crawford|Crawford, John Murray]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief engineer PMGD, involved establishment of first ABC stations), don't confuse with William Tamillas Stephen Crawford
* [[/William Tamillas Stephen Crawford|Crawford, William Tamillas Stephen &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;W.T.S.C.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G738-35N] - 1880(Vic)-1962(NSW) - state public servant (P&amp;TD, Tas); senior federal public servant (PMGD, radio inspector); RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: don't confuse with John Murray Crawford

===''CREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Creamer|Creamer, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XK-965] - 1903(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2UR Sydney (Glebe Point, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Orange, 1930-1932); electrical engineer (Brewarrina, 1933; Henty, 1934-1935; Grose Vale, 1937; Richmond, 1943-1968)
===''CREDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter John Credlin|Credlin, Peter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-SH8] - 1938(Vic)-1984(NSW) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1954); engineer (Malvern, 1963; Lower Templestowe, 1967-1980)
===''CRESSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Gillespie Cresswell|Cresswell, Frank Gillespie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR45-Q56] - 1880(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3GI Melbourne (East Kew, 1924-1925; Camberwell, 1926-1927); Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - federal public service (PMGD); military (Commonwealth Naval Militia, engineer sublieutenant); RANRS (Radio Commander, terminated Nov 1920) - not to be confused with William Rooke '''Creswell''' - Electoral Rolls: instrument fitter (Camberwell, 1903-1906); Engineer-Lieutenant RAN (Prahran, 1912); naval officer (St Kilda, 1914); lieutenant RAN (Hawthorn, 1915-1919); RAN (Kew, 1922-1924); commandant RAN (Frankston, 1928-1934); naval officer (Olivers Hill, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1943); retired (Somers, 1949; Mt Eliza, 1954; Frankston, 1963)
* [[/Harry Leslie Cresswell|Cresswell, Harry Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9456-49G] - 1917(Qld)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 4DL Brisbane (Coorparoo, Qld, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified, likely RAN - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, Petty Officer Telegraphist, KIA, HMAS Yarra) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10293831 AWM] [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1690529 Roll of Honour]

===''CRESWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rooke Creswell|Creswell, William Rooke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4L-WRS] - 1852(Gibraltar)-1933(Vic) - early wireless experimenter (Lytton, Moreton Island), military (RAN; Qld Maritime Defence Force, commandant; Commonwealth Naval Forces, commandant) - Generally considered the father of the RAN, not to be confused with Frank Gillespie '''Cresswell''' - Electoral Rolls: naval commandant (South Brisbane, 1903-1905); director (Toorak, 1909-1919) - Links: [[w:William Rooke Creswell|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/creswell-sir-william-rooke-5817 ADB] [https://www.navy.gov.au/biography/vice-admiral-sir-william-rooke-creswell RAN]

===''CRIBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dunmore Foote Cribb|Cribb, Dunmore Foote]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPP-YQH] - 1899(Qld)-1946(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 134, 1925, No. 15 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Indooroopilly, 1921-1943)
===''CRICHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Robert Crichton|Crichton, Stanley Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK76-MZH] - 1893(NZ)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KH East Maitland (1929-1935); 9OU Port Moresby (1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 542, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 100, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (East Maitland, 1930-1935); wireless operator (Maclean, 1936); Radio 2NR (Lawrence, 1937); wireless operator (Ashfield, 1949); PMG technician (Ashfield, 1954-1963)
===''CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cridge, Wilfred Edgar Launder - See Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge

===''CRISP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Charles Crisp|Crisp, Henry Charles &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-5T2] - 1909(NSW)-1996(???) - Licences: 2LX Sydney (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933; Cronulla, 1934-1939, 1946); 2LX Ettalong (1947-1955); 2LX Woy Woy (1956-1961); 2LX Urunga (1965); 2LX Sydney (Cronulla, 1969; Gorokan, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 614, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: &quot;Henry Charles&quot; carrier (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933); radio dealer (Cronulla, 1934-1937); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; examiner (Bondi, 1943); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; no occupation (Ettalong, 1949); &quot;Henry Charles&quot; radio dealer (Ettalong, 1954-1963); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; motel proprietor (Urunga, 1968); manager (Sans Souci, 1972); retired (Cronulla, 1972); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; retired (Gorokan, 1977-1980)

===''CROCKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Edward Crocker|Crocker, Claude Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8R6-RZW] - 1875(USA)-1929(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West Perth, 1922-1925)
* [[/Edward Baker Crocker|Crocker, Edward Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYHX-65B] - 1867(Wales)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2BB Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2BB Sydney (Marrickville, 1922-1930) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 95, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: provision merchant (Marrickville, 1933-1937); retired (Marrickville, 1943-1949); no occupation (Earlwood, 1949-1954)
===''CROME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Keith Crome|Crome, Harry Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZTL-HF9] - 1908(Tas)-1975(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (New Town, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Hobart North, 1936-1954); linotype operator Melbourne (Alphington, 1963-1972) 
===''CROMIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Thomas Cromie|Cromie, Charles Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Z4-73H] - 1883(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager (Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 3UZ) - Electoral Rolls: draper (Maffra, 1903; Korumburra, 1905; East Melbourne, 1909; Maffra, 1912); engineer (East Melbourne, 1914); electrical engineer (Malvern, 1915-1917); engineer (Elsternwick, 1919; Caulfield, 1924-1927); electrical engineer (Melbourne East, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); engineer (Caulfield, 1934); director (Armadale, 1936-1949)
===''CROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Leonard Crooks|Crooks, James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK93-6HV] - 1890(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923-1925); 7BQ Launceston (1925-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 61, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (PMG) - Relationships: father of 3AAC John Peter Crooks - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914; Launceston, 1919-1968); no occupation (Low Head, 1972)
* [[/John Peter Crooks|Crooks, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRZL-Z2J] - 1921(Tas)-2013(Vic) - Licences: 3AAC Colac (1960); 3AAC Bulleen (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 2107, 1938, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 7BQ James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot; Crooks - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Elsternwick, 1949); engineer (East Geelong, 1954; Bulleen, 1963-1977)
===''CROPLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cropley|Cropley, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-YVK] - 1893(NSW)-1935(NSW) - Licences: N735 Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922); 2HT Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of Mervyn Eric Cropley - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Homebush, 1930-1933) 
* [[/Mervyn Eric Cropley|Cropley, Mervyn Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLG-MYS] - 1920(NSW)-1951(Aus) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 403, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2HT Eric William Cropley - Electoral Rolls: radio officer (Homebush, 1943); salesman (Blaxland, 1949)
===''CROUCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Casimir Crouch|Crouch, Ernest Casimir &quot;Ern&quot;]] - 1908(???)-1989(NSW) - 2QJ Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1923), 2EC Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1939), 2EC Orange (1946-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 16, 1924, No. 6 in NSW), amateur broadcaster; engineer; Mosman Radio Laboratories 1927 (proprietor?)

===''CROWDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Crowder, Joyce Isabel see Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel

===''CULLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Norman Seth Culliver|Culliver, Francis Norman Seth &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-SWD] - 1891(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3DP Receive Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1922); 3DP Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923-1925; Hawthorn, 1925-1927); 3UG Melbourne (Rye, 1948-1956); 3UG Queenscliff (1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of Keith Norman Culliver &amp; Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1931-1954)
* [[/Ian Douglas Culliver|Culliver, Ian Douglas &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-WDM] - 1916?(Vic)-2002(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 655, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Keith Norman Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)
* [[/Keith Norman Culliver|Culliver, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-753] - 1914(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 656, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)

===''CUMMING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Humberstone Cumming|Cumming, William Humberstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLF-9FS] - 1903(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 3BK Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Notting Hill, 1931); engineer (Cheltenham, 1931); contractor (Malvern, 1936-1949); engineer (Malvern, 1954)
===''CUMMINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Cummings|Cummings, Bruce]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1928, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''CUMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Vincent Cummins|Cummins, Reginald Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-FLN] - 1911(Qld)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4VC Brisbane (Newmarket, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1939, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (East Ipswich, Qld, 1934-1937); public servant (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''CUNLIFFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James August Cunliffe|Cunliffe, James August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7KX-DQW] - 1904(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3ZO Melbourne (Croxton, 1930-1931; Preston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947); 3AZO Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1954; East Preston, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 597, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinet maker (Preston, 1927); electrician (Preston East, 1931-1942); cabinet maker (Preston East, 1949); carpenter (Preston East, 1963-1980)  
===''CUNNINGHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hugh Cunningham|Cunningham, Robert Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-Z7M] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3ML Melbourne (Malvern, 1928-1937; Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Frankston, 1946-1947; Malvern, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 463, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Malvern, 1931; Gardiner, 1936-1937); RAAF (Frankston, 1949); manager (Malvern, 1949-1954); director (Malvern, 1963-1980) - R. H. Cunningham, electronics retailer?

===''CURETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Poyner Cureton|Cureton, John Poyner &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L29Y-H1R] - 1905(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2AY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2AY Sydney (Burwood, 1923-1930); 2AU Sydney (Burwood, 1930-1933; Gordon, 1933-1934; Burwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1950); 2AU Little Hartley (1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 168, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2AY callsign withdrawn by PMGD in 1930 and reallocated to new commercial 2AY Albury - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Burwood, 1930; Parkes, 1936); engineer (Burwood, 1943); grazier (Little Hartley, 1958)
===''CURLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Clarence Curle|Curle, George Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ25-DZZ] - 1914(NSW)-1941(Egypt) - licences: 2AJB Sydney (Chullora, 1937-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 1813, 1937, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 310, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), WW2 - electoral rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''CURNOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Ross Curnow|Curnow, Geoffrey Ross]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - historian (wireless &amp; broadcasting), &quot;The history of the development of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia to 1942, with especial reference to the Australian Broadcasting Commission : a political and administrative study&quot;
===''CURRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Benjamin John Currie|Currie, Francis Benjamin John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8JP] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: None yet found - Qualifications: AOCP 395, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: checker (Albert Park, Vic, 1936); storeman (Semaphore, 1939; Queensbury, 1941)
* [[/James Lawrence Currie|Currie, James Lawrence &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-9GW] - 1905(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Bundaberg (1936-1937); 4LC Proserpine (1938-1939); 4LC St George (1946-1956); 4LC Brisbane (Dutton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1631, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; power station engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, Qld, 1929; Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Blackhall, Qld, 1943; St George, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Caboolture, Qld, 1958)

===''CURTIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. F. Curtis|Curtis, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AI Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CUSACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Chanel Cusack|Cusack, Leo Chanel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YN-49P] - 1897(NSW)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Port Moresby (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 229, 1916; 1COCP 319, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maroubra, 1930); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1931-1936; Maroubra, 1943); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1949); radio operator (Darwin, 1949-1954); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1958-1963); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Sidney Claude Cusack|Cusack, Sidney or Sydney Claude or Claud]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW42-D16] - 1885(Eng)-1973(Canada) - Licences: 5CK Adelaide (Dulwich, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 5, 1914 (No. 5 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1916)

===''CUSHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Thomas Cushen|Cushen, Arthur Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQL-FP3] - 1920(NZ)-1997(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1930s to 1990s; DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club, DX Australia) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen/ Autobiography]; [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tributes]

===''CUSITER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Macgregor Cusiter|Cusiter, Robert William Macgregor &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6H8-73C] - 1908(NSW)-1970(???) - 2RW Sydney (Lewisham, 1925-1926; Turramurra, 1927-1929; Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1931-1939, 1946-1955; Hornsby, 1956-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 203, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1930-1949; Hornsby, 1958-1968), AWA, PMGD, WW2 (worked on defence electronics)

===''CUTHBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Cuthbert|Cuthbert, Henry]] - 1829(Irl)-1907(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1877-Jul 1878; Mar 1880-Aug 1880)
===''CUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gregory Maxwell Cutts|Cutts, Gregory Maxwell &quot;Maxwell&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQBR-22Q] - 1903(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2GM Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 17, 1924, No. 7 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor (2ML, Mosman Radio Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mosman, 1930-1937; Abbotsford, 1949); sales manager (North Ryde, 1954-1963); manager (Cheltenham, 1972-1980)

=='''D'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''DAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Luja Dahl|Dahl, Norman Luja]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L433-MY6] - 1888(NZ)-1938(Qld) - Licences: 2ND Sydney (Wahroonga, 1933-1937); 4ND Ayr (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1079, 1933, NSW; AOLCP 249, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: consulting engineer (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1935); teacher (Wahroonga, NSW, 1937); company director (Ayr, Qld, 1936-1937)
* [[/Oscar Sydney Dahl|Dahl, Oscar Sydney &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLWV-S5D] - 1904(NZ)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4KA Ayr (1933-1935); 7KA Hobart (1947); 4KA Ayr (1948); 9KA Lae (1969); 4VT Innisfail (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1151, 1933, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; surveyor - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Arapuni, NZ,  1928-1931); tramline engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1931-1936); engineer (Gordonvale, Qld, 1937); civil engineer (Fitzgerald, Tas, 1943; Ayr, Qld, 1949-1958); surveyor (Innisfail, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''DALBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dalby|Dalby, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BI Adelaide (SA School of Mines, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Directories: lecturer (School of Mines, Adelaide, 1922-1934) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DALTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Martin Dalton|Dalton, Robert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-SH3] - 1897(Vic)-1949(Vic) - Licences: XLB Melbourne (Auburn, 1913); 3UI Mildura (1923-1925); 3UI Melbourne (Balaclava, 1925-1926; Caulfield, 1927; Camberwell, 1931-1933); 3UN Melbourne (Camberwell, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 158, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Mildura, 1919-1924); radio engineer (Hawthorn, 1926-1927); clerk (Camberwell, 1928); sales (Camberwell, 1931-1949)

===''DANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Dane|Dane, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYF7-5RS] - 1868(Eng)-1928(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3JD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (Hawthorn, 1908-1909); merchant (Auburn, 1912-1927)
===''DANGERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Henry Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Joseph Henry &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-22D] - 1911(Eng)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NF Townsville (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1686, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (radio electrical salesman) - Relationships: brother of 4NL Norman Gerard Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1937-1954); mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Airlie Beach, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Norman Gerard Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Norman Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-5FD] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NL Ayr (1936-1939); 4ND Ayr (1956-1965); 4ND Brisbane (Sherwood, 1969-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1687, 1936, Qld; BOCP 1062, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Elphinstones); broadcast technician (4AY, ABC Townsville); business proprietor (radio) - Halcyon: AOCP at 16yo - Relationships: brother of 4NF Joseph Henry Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: aircraft fitter (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Ayr, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Ayr, Qld, 1954; Home Hill, Qld, 1958); clerk (Sherwood, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''DANIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Septimus Daniel|Daniel, Louis Septimus]] - 1834(Eng)-1909(Vic) - experimented with etheric force in mid 1870s, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society of Victoria, member), employment (Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs, concluding acting Secretary, 1897), linguist

===''DARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Darley|Darley, Ernest John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4BX-9ZK] - 1898(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6CJ Perth (South Perth, 1923-1930) - Qualifications: cc;  CPRT 243, 1916; 2COCP 835, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor importer (South Perth, 1925-1936); importer (Rockingham, 1943); technician (South Perth, 1954-1963)

===''DAVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Barrett Davey|Davey, Harold Barrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYY-FN4] - 1898(Tas)-1948(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Launceston, 1922); electrician (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John Alfred Davey|Davey, John Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6X-FSF] - 1913(SA)-1992(Qld) - 2YE Sydney (Glebe Point, 1935-1938; Ashfield, 1939; Homebush, 1946-1975), amateur operator (1COCP 19, 1934; 3COCP 1029, 1952), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer
* [[/John Anderton Davey|Davey, John Anderton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-3ZH] - 1909(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923), 3AD Melbourne (Brighton, 1925-1926; Elsternwick, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 66, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, manufacturer's agent
* [[/Ralph William Davey|Davey, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGN-W9X] - 1916(SA)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 5KD Adelaide (North Croydon, 1935-1939; Mile End, 1947; Blanchetown, 1948); 5DY Portable Adelaide (North Croydon, 1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1481, 1935, SA; 1COCP 515, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Ridleyton North, SA, 1939; Whyalla, SA, 1941-1948); RAAF (Guildford, WA, 1958; Beaumaris, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''DAVIDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. R. Davidson|Davidson, E. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FP Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DAVIES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Tempest Davies|Davies, Henry Tempest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G889-FX9] - 1900(WA)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6HD Perth (Highgate Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 563, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Balkatta, 1921); police officer (Mundijong, 1943); sergeant (Victoria Park, 1949-1958; Lathlain Park, 1963-1977; Victoria Park, 1980)
* [[/Reginald Raymond Clifford Davies|Davies, Reginald Raymond Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGM-73Y] - 1915(SA)-1988(WA) - Licences: 5LJ Adelaide (Goodwood Park, 1933-1939; Plympton, 1947-1948); 3AY Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1960; Heathmont, 1965-1969); 6BQ Perth (Bickley, 1975); 6BQ Denmark (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1138, 1933, SA; BOCP 121, 1937; 1COCP 534, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM Berri, SA, 1941); mechanic (Plympton, SA, 1941-1943); public servant (Prahran, Vic, 1954); retired (Bickley, WA, 1972-1977)

===''DAVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Hargan Davis|Davis, Henry Hargan or Hargon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT6C-6MB] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Strathfield, 1923-1924); 2HH Sydney (Strathfield, 1926-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 289, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Strathfield, 1930-1936); engineer (Strathfield, 1943) - Professor Henry Hargan Davis, BSc, BE (Syd), PhD (Camb), 1946-1973 (Emeritus Professor 1974) [https://docplayer.net/82920769-Engineering-education-the-university-of-adelaide.html]
* [[/Ross Raleigh Davis|Davis, Ross Raleigh &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ54-9Q4] - 1907(Vic)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2DS Receive Sydney (Vaucluse, 1920-1922); 2DS Sydney (Vaucluse, 1923-1929; Double Bay, 1930-1933; Rose Bay, 1933-1938; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 249, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 934, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: accompanied 2CM on the SS Tahiti; education (Sydney Technical College, Electrical Engineering Degree); employment (AWA, engineer, 1925-1973) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Double Bay, 1930; Rose Bay, 1933-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1958; Rose Bay, 1958-1980)

===''DAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dawson|Dawson, Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 559, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stovemaker (Hurlstone Park, 1930); storeman (Marrickville, 1931) - Not yet fully identified
* [[/Richard Stanley Dawson|Dawson, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2NQ] - 1897(Vic)-1983(NSW) - Licences: XZP Hobart (1913-1914); 3DA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 282, 1917 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1919); electrical engineer (Melbourne, 1921-1924; Toorak, 1925-1926; South Yarra, 1927-1928); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1930; Mosman, 1931-1972; Roseville, NSW, 1977)

===''DEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Launston Alexander Deane|Deane, Launston Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-182] - 1909(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5LD Adelaide (Tusmore, 1933; Hazelwood Park, 1937-1939; Royston Park, 1947-1955; Hazelwood Park, 1956-1965; St Georges, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1090, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Burnside, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Kyrle Deane|Deane, Raymond Kyrle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-HB1] - 1917(SA)-2010(SA)93yo - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1728, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Fullarton, SA, 1939-1941); clerk (Fullarton, SA, 1943)

===''DE BAVAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Jean Xavier de Bavay|de Bavay, Francis Jean or John Xavier ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFJ-D1R] - 1887(Vic)-1955(Tas) - Licences: 4FO Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Kew, Vic, 1909); brewer (West Perth, WA, 1916); chemist (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1921); manager (New Farm, Qld, 1925); master brewer (Cascades, Tas, 1928-1936); manager (Hobart South, Tas, 1943-1954)

===''DE CRESPIGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Philip Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCJG-QN9] - 1879(Vic)-1918(Palestine) - Licences: XPU Melbourne (Brighton, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Relationships: half brother of 3FM Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Royalieu Dana Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH7P-7SD] - 1905(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Brighton, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Elmhurst, 1936-1949); farmer (Cobden, 1954; South Ecklin, 1963-1980) - Relationships: half brother of XPU Philip Champion de Crespigny

===''DE CURE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Gerard de Cure|de Cure, John Edward Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVD6-DWD] - 1899(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 3WL Melbourne (Coburg, 1929-1933); 5KO Adelaide (Glenelg, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 2KO Sydney (Artarmon, 1957-1958); 5KO Adelaide (Fulham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 535, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 22, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cobden, 1954); public servant (North Carlton, 1921-1924; Coburg, 1927-1934; Artarmon, NSW, 1958)

===''DEARNESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Sinclair Dearness|Dearness, Harry Sinclair]] - 19??-2004(Qld) - 4KW Mackay (1939, 1946-1975), Brisbane (Strathpine) (1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2328, 1939, No. ? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, AIF), employment (radio &amp; TV mechanic)

===''DEEGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Edward Deegan|Deegan, Stanley Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYK3-2V3] - 1893(Tas)-1944(Tas) - Licences: 7AK Hobart (St Virgil's College, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; public servant (State &amp; Federal, PMGD); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922); civil servant (Hobart, 1928-1936); postal official (Hobart, 1943)
===''DEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival William Deer|Deer, Percival William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2DJ-9ZF] - 1901(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5DR Adelaide (Seacliff, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 451, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brighton, 1939-1943)

===''DELBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Joseph Robert Delbridge|Delbridge, Reginald Joseph Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L439-HNM] - 1888(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4RJ Childers (1927); 4RJ Brisbane (Paddington, 1931-1933; Booval, 1937-1939); 4RJ Stanthorpe (1946-1948); 4RJ Brisbane (Northgate, 1954-1955; Toowong, 1956); 4RJ Burleigh Heads (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 383, 1927, No. 42 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), minister of religion - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Ingham, 1917-1919); minister (Kingaroy, 1925); clergyman (Ashgrove, 1943); minister (Stanthorpe, 1949); minister of religion (New Farm, 1954); Methodist Minister (Toowong, 1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963)
===''DELLIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Stephen Dellit|Dellit, Samuel Stephen]] - Licences: VK4ZSS Brisbane, VK3 Melbourne, VK1DXA Canberra - Qualifications: AOLCP Q0078, 1971 - amateur operator, broadcast DXer, broadcast planning engineer, federal public servant, radio historian (aeradio, amateur, broadcast, coastal)

===''DEMPSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter McInnes Dempsey|Dempsey, Walter McInnes &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTQN-B69] - 1910(Vic)-2010(Vic) - Licences: 3WD Melbourne (Cheltenham, 1929-1931); 7WD Cambridge (1948); 3AZD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1954); 3WD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1955-1969; Oak Park, 1975); 3WD Marong (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 515, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 41, 1931; 1COCP 217, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Cheltenham, 1931; Mordialloc, 1936-1937); radio operator (Mentone, 1942); aeradio operator (Cambridge, Tas, 1949); public servant (Pascoe Vale, 1954-1968; Oak Park, 1972); retired (Marong, 1977-1980)

===''DENBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Roy Denby|Denby, Harry Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJTS-LLS] - 1906(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4FR Receive Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923); 4AX Brisbane (Kedron, 1936-1939); 4AX Cairns (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1800, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937; Cairns, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''DENISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Robert Denison|Denison or Dixson, Hugh Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-WTC] - 1865(NSW)-1940(Vic) - born Hugh Robert Dixson; businessman, parliamentarian, philanthropist; director of Australasian Wireless Co. then Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) - Links: [[w:Hugh Denison|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-hugh-robert-5955 ADB]

===''DENNEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Roy Denneen|Denneen, Harold Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-6YG] - 1894(NSW)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (A/g Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928-1937)
===''DENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Roy Dennett|Dennett, Phillip or Philip Roy or Ray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNX4-D9K] - 1897(SA)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 5IV Berri (1931-1938); 4IV Camooweal (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 799, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Morningside, Qld, 1943; West End, Qld, 1949-1954; Rockhampton, Qld, 1958); public servant (Morningside, Qld, 1963-1977)

===''DERHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Thomas Derham|Derham, Frederick Thomas]] - 1844(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Victorian Postmaster-General (1886-1890)
===''DERRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/V. M. Derrick|Derrick, V. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2VM Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DEWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Owen Dewan|Dewan, John Owen (Electoral Rolls) or Owen John (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-2D4] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6JK Perth (Maylands, 1930-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933; City, 1937; North Perth, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 715, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 3COCP 188, 1936; 2COCP 99, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Maylands, WA, 1931; North Perth, 1934-1937); teacher (East Perth, WA, 1943); trade instructor (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Dexter|Dexter, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G428-3PS] - 1906(Eng)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DR Melbourne (Northcote, 1926-1927); 3VR Melbourne (Sandringham, 1938-1939; Black Rock, 1946-1956; Parkdale, 1960-1965; Mt Eliza, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 241, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Northcote, 1927); engineer (Preston, 1931; Sandringham, 1942-1954); radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1963); retired (Mt Eliza, 1968-1980)

===''DICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Dick|Dick, F.]] - abt 1883(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''DIDDAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Harlin Flower Diddams|Diddams, Robert Harlin or Harland Flower]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZN-YJP] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Toowong, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925); printer (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); retired (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1968)

===''DILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Dillon|Dillon, Arthur Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot; &quot;Ern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85L-HH7] - 1902(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1922); 4CH Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, 1925); engineer (New Farm, 1929); electrical engineer (Atherton, 1931-1932); electrician (Greenslopes, 1943-1954; Mt Gravatt, 1958)

===''DINEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Dineen|Dineen, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM8L-9R6] - 1919(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7GD Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1588, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 6330, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Launceston, 1949-1968)
===''DIRCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Alfred Dircks|Dircks, Alexander Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-6GN] - 1858(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - senior federal public servant (PMGD, Electrical Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gurnhill Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Gurnhill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G826-18S] - 1896(Tas)-1966(Vic) - Licences: XZA Wynyard (1913-1914); 3JG Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1933); 3AD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 3AVE Melbourne (Nunawading, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 462, 1919; 2COCP 160, 1930; 1COCP 271, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Wynyard, 1919); wireless mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934); technician (Auburn, 1936-1937); inspector (Surrey Hills, 1943-1963) - Probate: retired marine inspector (Melbourne, 1966)
* [[/Arthur Lionel Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82F-YX7] - 1897(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 236 Sydney (Burwood, 1920); 2BS Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2AD Sydney (Canterbury, 1929; Strathfield, 1930); 4AD Brisbane (Norman Park, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 202, 1916; 2COCP 288, 1930; 1COCP 170, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Concord, NSW, 1930; Norman Park, Qld, 1931-1943); RANVR (Kyeemagh, 1943); engineer (Waverton, 1949; Eastwood, 1954; Lidcombe North, 1958); managing director (Blakehurst, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Musgrave Dixon|Dixon, Charles Frederick Musgrave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L27B-XXY] - 1894(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2II Receive Cootamundra (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Cootamundra, 1930-1937); telegraphist (Goulburn, 1943; Annandale, 1949-1954; Camperdown, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Malcolm Dixon|Dixon, John Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWD1-HXH] - 1922(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); education (Scots College, 1935-1939); military (WW2, AIF, 1942-1945) - Links: [https://www.scotch.vic.edu.au/greatscot/2008decGS/74.htm Obit]
* [[/Lionel Stanley Dixon|Dixon, Lionel Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PR-QD2] - 1912(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 3TE Melbourne (Croydon, 1947-1948; Elwood, 1954-1980); 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2177, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Glenferrie, Vic, 1934-1937); builder (Box Hill South, Vic, 1949; Elsternwick, Vic, 1954-1967; Elwood, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZI Condong (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4GF Victoria Hills, Herbert River (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Reginald Hilton Dixon|Dixon, Reginald Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82N-FQV] - 1915(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2QD Albury (1933-1937); 2QD Armidale (1938-1939); 2QD Albury (1946-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1216, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Albury, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (Albury, 1972-1977)

===''DODDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stokell Dodds|Dodds, Sir John Stokell Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMYR-2KQ] - 1906(Tas)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 7DJ Hobart (City, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 208, 1935; AOCP 1851, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Town, 1936-1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954); electrical engineer (Wahroonga, 1958-1968); manager (St Ives, 1972)
* [[/John William Matthew Dodds|Dodds, John William Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NX-3CT] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KK Kurri Kurri (1930-1939); 2AZD Newcastle (New Lambton, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 644, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: miner (Kuri Kurri, 1930-1949; New Lambton, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Henry Dodds|Dodds, Leonard Henry &quot;Len&quot;]] - 1908(NSW)-1983(Qld) - 4GD Townsville (1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Townsville ARC, life member), military (Navy, RAAF), employment (PMGD)
* [[/Ronald George Dodds|Dodds, Ronald George]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
===''DODDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Doddy|Doddy, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-HWS] - 1899(Tas)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WH Perth (Claremont, 1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1817, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Claremont, WA, 1931-1958)

===''DOHRMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Stanley Glenville Dohrmann|Dohrmann, George Stanley Glenville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-TB8] - 1902(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922); 3AM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Canterbury, Vic, 1924-1926); warehouseman (Burwood, Vic, 1931; Canterbury, 1937-1943); agriculturalist (Mt Dandenong, 1949-1954; Mooroolbark, 1968-1980)

===''DOIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Louis Doig|Doig, Norman Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSD-M17] - 1912(WA)-2014(WA)101yo - Licences: 6ND Carnamah (1937-1939); 6CB Perth (Floreat Park, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2061, 1937, WA; 3COCP 1505, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Carnamah, WA, 1936-1937; Floreat Park, WA, 1943); telegraphist (City Beach, WA, 1949; Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley, WA, 1968-1972); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1977-1980)

===''DONNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Walter Donne|Donne, Charles Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FC7] - 1897(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: XLO Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 2YD Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925); 3YD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 271, 1916; 2COCP 87, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Seaman) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (St Kilda, 1919-1924); technician (St Kilda, 1925-1931); dealer (Armadale, 1934-1937); investor (Mornington, 1943); grazier (Dromana, 1949-1954); nil (Mornington, 1963-1972) - Migration: South Africa (1955-1962)
===''DOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Lawson Dook|Dook, Valentine Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7X1-NJH] - 1903(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KB Perth (Maylands, 1931-1933; Mt Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 754, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter's assistant (East Perth, WA, 1931); oil plant attendant (Leederville, WA, 1936-1937); control room operator (Leederville, WA, 1943; Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); electrical foreman (Wembley, WA, 1958-1977)

===''DORWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haxton Dorward|Dorward, William Haxton, Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD77-X62] - 1901(Vic)-1937(NSW) - Licences: 3CA Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922-1923); 3CA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Sandringham, 1924-1926); grazier (Moama, 1930; Fort Station, Barnes, 1935-1937)

===''DOUBIKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Thomas Henry Doubikin|Doubikin, William Thomas Henry]] - 1890(Vic)-1927(Tas) - Licences: Hobart Receive 1920s, early wireless experimenter (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, Councillor, 1924), passed too soon
===''DOUDNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Doudney|Doudney, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MQDH-R32] - 1873(Eng)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Receive Melbourne (Balaclava, 1922); 3EM Melbourne (Balaclava, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 63, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion (Holy Trinity Church) - Electoral Rolls: vicar (St Kilda, 1924-1942); nil (Caulfield, 1949-1954; Elsternwick, 1963)
===''DOUGLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gavin Cunningham Douglas|Douglas, Gavin Cunningham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99J-KJ4] - 1912(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3YK Melbourne (Bayswater, 1931-1939, 1947-1950+; Blackburn, 1954; Canterbury, 1955-1960+; Surrey Hills, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 743, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bayswater, 1935-1949); sales representative (Canterbury, 1963; Surrey Hills, 1968-1980)
* [[/Gordon Adye Douglas|Douglas, Gordon Adye]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRVY-WLJ] - 1878(Tas)-1957(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Receive Gormanston (1923); Receive Gormanston (1923); 7GD Gormanston (1924-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 34, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Gormanston, 1914-1928); draughtsman (Queenstown, 1936); geological surveyor (Queenstown, 1937-1943); no occupation (Hobart South, 1949; Blackman's Bay, 1954)
* [[/Hugh Alexander McKay Douglas|Douglas, Hugh Alexander McKay &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV3Y-3W4] - 1889(Eng)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2HD (Class B) Newcastle (1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Class B broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a Listener) - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Newcastle, 1913); vulcaniser (Hamilton, 1930-1935); manager (Newcastle, 1936-1937); engineer (Mayfield, 1943; Hamilton, 1949)

===''DOWDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Lorens Thomas Dowding|Dowding, Philip Lorena or Loreno or Lorens Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZH8-Z6D] - 1901(Tas)-19??(Vic) - Licences: 7AC Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Moonah, 1922); electrician (St Kilda, 1926-1931; Prahran, 1934; Melbourne, 1937; St Kilda, 1943-1949); electrical foreman (Eildon, 1954)
===''DOWNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Downie|Downie, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y2-LQ8] - 1879(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Victoria Police (wireless department, senior constable); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo VPF) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Broadford, 1903); constable (North Carlton, 1909-1924); senior constable (Preston, 1927-1936)
===''DOWNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Evan Downing|Downing, William Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHV4-K46] - 1874(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3LQ Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3LQ Warrnambool (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: brassfounder (Warrnambool, 1912-1937)

===''DOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Laurence Doyle|Doyle, Herbert Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VG-WVC] - 1894(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3HD Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1931); 3CR Melbourne (Malvern, 1933; Kooyong, 1937; Frankston, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 697, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: independent means (St Arnaud, 1924); grazier (Malvern East, 1925-1927); clerk (Malvern East, 1931-1937); home duties (Malvern, 1943)

===''DRAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James George Drake|Drake, James George]] - 1850(Eng)-1941(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1880s &amp; 1890s), state politician (Qld MLA, 1880s &amp; 1890s), politician (Postmaster-General 1901-1903)
===''DRANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Edward Draney|Draney, Walter Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KLP-VT7] - 1896(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milton, Qld, 1919; Greenslopes, Qld, 1921-1928; Tully, Qld, 1937; Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba West, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Drayton, Qld, 1980)
===''DREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred John Drew|Drew, Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-1HH] - 1907(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5LN Adelaide (Kensington, 1933-1939; Erindale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1078, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Erindale, SA, 1943)

===''DUBOIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Louis Dubois|Dubois, Paul Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZQ-QN3] - 1918(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 4UJ Brisbane (Rosalie, 1936-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1947; South Brisbane, 1948; Highgate Hill, 1954-1960; Bardon 1960); 4PL Brisbane (Bardon 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1677, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; senior public servant (PMGD, Telstra) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1943; South Brisbane, Qld, 1949); public servant (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1954-1958); engineer (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977); manager telecommunications (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Duff, William Vere Hobart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZC-JGP] - 1893(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3DB Receive Melbourne (Malvern East, 1922); 3DB Melbourne (Malvern East, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Malvern East, 1914); engineer (Malvern East, 1919-1924; Glenferrie, 1931-1937; Toorak, 1943-1954; Harkaway, 1958-1968)
===''DUFFY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Duffy|Duffy, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-QKJ] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Sydney (Redfern, 1933; Woollahra, 1934; Rose Bay, 1935-1937); 4AQ Brisbane (Grange, 1938); 2AQ Sydney (Bondi, 1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; AOLCP 264, 1936; TVOCP 54, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous JDs, needs review - Electoral Rolls: manager (Woollahra, NSW, 1934); engineer (Vaucluse, NSW, 1935);
* [[/Maurice Boyce Duffy|Duffy, Maurice Boyce &quot;Morrie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRYK-S76] - 1886(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/duffy-maurice-boyce-morrie-6030 ADB]
* [[/William Oswald Duffy|Duffy, William Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2Q2] - 1861(Eng)-1916(Tas) - Licences: XZO Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: signalman (Battery Point, 1914)

===''DUGGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry George Duggan|Duggan, Harry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9H-8LW] - 1905(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3XI Warrnambool (1930-1965); 3AXI Warrnambool (1965-1969); 3XI Garvoc (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 592, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Warrnambool, 1931-1954); engineer (Warrnambool, 1963-1968)

===''DUKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon William Dukes|Dukes, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RY-PGT] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2WD Sydney (Forest Lodge, 1930-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1950; Homebush, 1954-1956; Cremorne, 1957-1958; Lane Cove, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 571, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 139, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glebe, 1933-1937); radio engineer (Homebush, 1943-1949); engineer (Cremorne, 1954-1958); technician (Lane Cove, 1963-1980)

===''DUNDAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Loftus Dundas|Dundas, Reginald Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-8LM] - 1915(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4DU Crawford, Kingaroy Line (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1990, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Theodore, Qld, 1937); labourer (Crawford, Kingaroy Line, Qld, 1949-1972); farmer (Torquay, Qld, 1977)

===''DUNLEAVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Francis Dunleavy|Dunleavy, Joseph Francis]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 508, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (St Kilda, 1924); electrical fitter (Melbourne, 1926; South Yarra, 1931); fitter (St Kilda, 1934)

===''DUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Dunn|Dunn, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSN-T31] - 1898(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2GU Receive Sydney (South Kensington, 1922); 2GU Sydney (South Kensington, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coachbuilder (Kensington, 1930-1943); manager (Kingsford, 1958); retired (The Entrance, 1963-1980)
===''DUNSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter John Dunstan|Dunstan, Walter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-Y3V] - 1904(Vic)-1927(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Receive Ballarat (1922); 3JR Ballarat (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 106, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: gone too soon - Relationships: brother of William Dunstan, Victoria Cross - Electoral Rolls: student (Ballarat East, 1927)

===''DURBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Keep Durbridge|Durbridge, William Keep]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDN-Z4B] - 1908(WA)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 4FS Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Innisfail, Qld, 1930); clerk (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1937); bookkeeper (Dundoo Station, Eulo, Qld, 1937); no occupation (St Kilda, Vic, 1963-1972; Melbourne, Vic, 1977)

===''DUTHOIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert George Duthoit|Duthoit, Albert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ94-V82] - 1901(Tas)-1970(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); labourer (Croydon North, 1931); no occupation (Armadale, 1931); engineer (Hobart South, 1936); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1935-1943); clerk (Ivanhoe, 1949; Oakleigh, 1954; Malvern, 1958); nil (Malvern, 1967-1968)
===''DUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Henry Dutton|Dutton, Thomas Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJG1-LRN] - 1862(Eng)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: painter (Rockhampton, Qld, 1903-1905); commission agent (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1908-1909); printer (Valley, Qld, 1913); traveller (Teneriffe, Qld, 1915-1937)

=='''E'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''EARLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Edwin Earle|Earle, Frank Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YV-B62] - 1900(SA)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 823, 1924 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Erasmus Earle|Earle, Robert Erasmus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLX-NC1] - 1894(Eng)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6LC Perth (Floreat Park, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 4390, 1966, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Floreat Park, 1954-1977)
===''EASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Easter|Easter, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2L-656] - 1914(SA)-1983(???) - Licences: 5RO Montieth (1933); 5RO Port Elliot (1937); 5RO Moonta (1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1111, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Moonta, SA, 1939-1947) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/532330 VWM]

===''EASTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Spencer Easton|Easton, Frederick William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-7XD] - 1914(NSW)-1944(PNG) - licences: 2BQ Sydney (Bondi, 1931-1935; Bellevue Hill, 1936-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 846, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - electoral rolls: projectionist (Rose Bay, 1936-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''EDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Frederick Ede|Ede, Charles Frederick or Friederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7D-PYL] - 1885(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Wellington Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1908; Albion, Qld, 1912-1921); assistant secretary (Manly, Qld, 1925-1963); retired (Wynnum North, 1968)

===''EDGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Waldene Edgar|Edgar, Douglas Waldene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5XS-K4X] - 1895(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6DW New Norcia (1927-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 314, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gingin, 1922; New Norcia, 1925-1954); retired (Nedlands, 1958-1963)
* [[/John Matheson Edgar|Edgar, John Matheson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB42-K1G] - 1881(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Geelong (1923); 3YW Geelong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Training College, Carlton, 1903); state school teacher (Ballarat, 1909); teacher (Ballarat, 1913-1914; Geelong, 1917-1924; Essendon, 1925-1954)
* [[/Mervyn John Edgar|Edgar, Mervyn John or John Mervyn &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4W-647] - 1913(NSW)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4JE Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1302, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Radio Location Unit); radio retailing (Tracksons) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); salesman (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); shop assistant (Bulimba, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''EDWARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. E. Edwards|Edwards, H. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Croydon, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert John Edwards|Edwards, Herbert John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF5-KP8] - 1894(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1937) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 802, 1923; 2COCP 18, 1929; 1COCP 208, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous HJEs - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rose Bay, NSW, 1930-1933); radio operator (Lord Howe Island, NSW, 1949); communication officer (Rose Bay, NSW, 1954)

===''EGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mavis Evelyn Egan|Fogg nee Egan, Mavis Evelyn or Evelene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-1JK] - 1900(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Stanley (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver (YL) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanley, 1928); home duties (Wynyard, 1936-1943; Smithton, 1949; Sale, Vic, 1954; Cohuna, 1963; Devonport, 1972)

===''EGGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Percy Eggleton|Eggleton, Eric Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSTZ-5G9] - 1903(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DA Receive Toowoomba (1923-1924); 4DA Toowoomba (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 81, 1925, No. 9 in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (QATB) - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Toowoomba, 1925-1926); ambulance bearer (Toowoomba, 1931); ambulance superintendent (Dayboro, 1936-1943; Charleville, 1949-1958; Stanthorpe, 1963); retired (Caloundra, 1968-1977)

===''ELDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Mackenzie Elder|Elder, James Alexander Mackenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97W3-7FL] - 1869(Sct)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Awards: KBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Essendon, 1905); merchant (Moonee Ponds, 1908-1909); director (South Yarra, Vic, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/elder-sir-james-alexander-6099 ADB]
===''ELLERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lewis John Ellery|Ellery, Robert Lewis John]] - 1827(Eng)-1908(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Vic Government Astronomer
===''ELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Neville Elliott|Elliott, Robert Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-PPJ] - 1907(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DW Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); company manager (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954-1963); accountant (Brisbane, Qld, 1968); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1972); accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Ronald Donovan Elliott|Elliott, Ronald Donovan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G799-LTX] - 1910(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5RD Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1931-1933; Da Costa Park, 1937; Kirkcaldy, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 758, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939; Westbourne Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Murray Browse Elliott|Elliott, Thomas Murray Browse &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W8-947] - 1899(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4CM Brisbane (City, 1946-1969); operator of Valentine's 4CM licence 1925-1939 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 72, 1925, No. 6 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; early television experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Fortitude Valley, 1921); salesman (Brisbane City, 1925-1931); sound engineer (Observatory, 1937-1943); company manager (City, 1949-1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968)

===''ELLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Austin Ellis|Ellis, Clive Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-9HT] - 1912(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3LZ Melbourne (Williamstown, 1930-1931; Caulfield, 1933-1939; Newport, 1946-1956; Moorabbin, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 598, 1930, No. ?? in Victoria - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1937; Newport, 1943-1954); valuer (Moorabbin, 1958-1972)
* [[/John Osborne Ellis|Ellis, John Osborne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTM-Q42] - 1910(Eng)-1999(SA) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 522, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kimba, 1939-1943)
===''ELSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Robert Elsbury|Elsbury (adopted) or Wilson Bowman (biological), Cyril Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMG-5CW] - 1897(Qld)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6JE Kalgoorlie (1934-1939); 6JE Fimiston (1947-1956); 6JE Nornalup (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1372, 1934, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1922); mine timekeeper (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1925-1943); assistant accountant (Fimiston, WA, 1949-1954); mine paymaster (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1958)

===''ELWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Gregory Elworthy|Elworthy, Colin Gregory &quot;Col&quot;]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''EMBLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Austin Embling|Embling, Stewart Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGH-YQM] - 1907(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925); 3DC Melbourne (Toorak, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 236, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toorak, 1931-1943); assurance officer (Toorak, 1949-1980)

===''EVANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Hubert Evans|Evans, Albert Henry Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH8N-BFX] - 1894(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: XVD Adelaide (Mile End, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 255, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:  assistant manager (Woollahra, 1949)
* [[/Griffith Benjamin Evans|Evans, Griffith Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-HL3] - 1877(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS - Electoral Rolls: naval telegraphist (Eden Vale, Vic, 1914-1915); telegraphist (Coburg, Vic, 1919); retired (Vaucluse, NSW, 1954-1963)
* [[/Percy Evans|Evans, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84B-DKL] - 1894(Eng)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 2OW Sydney (Kensington, 1928-1929; Randwick, 1930-1931); 3OZ Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1947-1948; Boronia, 1948; North Ringwood, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 458, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Kensington, 1930); salesman (Randwick, 1930-1931); sales manager (Camberwell, 1933-1937; Glen Iris, 1949); manager (Ringwood, 1954-1972)
* [[/R. Evans|Evans, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SP Sydney (Clovelly, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 265, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Thomas Evan Evans|Evans, Thomas Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ7-S1L] - 1904(NZ)-1942(At Sea) - 3EV Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1927), 9EV Rabaul (1933+), amateur operator (AOCP 160, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, medical assistant, technical assistant, Civilian POW captured at Rabaul, died on board the &quot;Montevideo Maru&quot; when it was torpedoed and sunk en route from Rabaul to Hainan, where Thomas was destined for forced labour.
* [[/Trevor Elliott Evans|Evans, Trevor Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-GRC] - 1903(Vic)-1979(Vic) - 3KD Receive Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1922-1924), 3RK Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1925-1933; Pascoe Vale, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 159, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (East Brunswick, 1931), contractor (Pascoe Vale, 1972)
* [[/Trevor Frederick Evans|Evans, Trevor Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L292-N4L] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - 2NS Blayney (1925-1929), 2NS Bathurst (1930-1939, 1946-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 113, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (BOCP 19, 1936) (2BS)

===''EVERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Every|Every, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDSS-VT4] - 1894(Eng)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 7GE Hobart (1931); 3GE Queenscliff (1937-1939); 3GE Balcombe (1947-1948); 3GE Carrum (1954-1956); 3GE Bonbeach (1960-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military instructor; WW1 (UK) - Electoral Rolls: silver mounter (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1919); soldier (Launceston, 1922; Hobart South, 1922); military instructor (Hobart South, 1928); soldier (Queenscliff, Vic, 1935-1937); military officer (Albury, NSW, 1943; Victoria Park, Qld, 1949); clerk (Frankston, 1949); accountant (Carrum, 1954)

===''EWING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Thomson Ewing|Ewing, Thomas Thomson]] - 1856(NSW)-1920(NSW) - state politician (NSW MLA), federal politician (MHR, acting Postmaster-General)

===''EXTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Walter Exton|Exton, George Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QY-5XH] - 1882(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 2CZ Lismore (1922-1930) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast proprietor and engineer (2XN Lismore) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lismore, NSW, 1930-1963); retired (Saddlers Crossing, Qld)

=='''F'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''FABER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Thomas Faber|Faber, William John Thomas &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1976(Qld) - 4WF Ayr (-1938+), Brisbane (Kedron, -1948-1949+) , amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''FAGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Reginald Joseph Fagan|Fagan, William Reginald Joseph &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLF3-QPM] - 1883(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: 2RJ Receive Mandurama (1922); 2RJ Mandurama (1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio station (director, 2SM) - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Mandurama, 1913-1943)

===''FAIRHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Fairhall|Fairhall, Allen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZB3-PKT] – 1909(NSW)-2006(NSW) – Licences: 2KB Newcastle (Hamilton, 1928–1929; New Lambton, 1930–1931; Cooks Hill, 1933–1934; City, 1935; Cooks Hill, 1937; City, 1938–1939; Hamilton, 1946–1961; City, 1965-1980+); 2AKL Paterson (1948–1958) – Qualifications: AOCP 391, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 23, 1930 – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, proprietor 2KO Newcastle, WW2 – Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Lambton, 1931–1932); manager (Newcastle, 1933–1949); primary producer (Trevallyn, 1954); M.H.R. (Newcastle, 1958); member of parliament (Newcastle, 1963–1968); manager (Newcastle, 1972–1980) - [[w:Allen Fairhall|Wikipedia]]

===''FALCONER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Illman Falconer|Falconer, Charles Illman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZK9-PJ6] – 1885(Vic)-1962(NSW) – Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923–1924), 3CF Melbourne (East Malvern, 1925–1926; Canterbury, 1927; Surrey Hills, 1931–1939, 1946–1954), 2AUF Terrigal (1955–1961), amateur operator (AOCP 204, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Clifton Hill, 1909), mechanic (Fitzroy, 1914), engineer (Canterbury, 1915–1949), retired (Terrigal, 1958–1963)
===''FALLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyle Clifford Falls|Falls, Lyle Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLC-1VR] - 1899(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Caulfield, 1924-1925); instructor (Kew, 1926-1943)

===''FANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred – see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred (Fanning)
===''FANSHAWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Fanshawe, Arthur Dalrymple]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM7D-QY6] – 1847(Eng)-1936(Eng) – Admiral of UK Fleet, Commander-in-Chief Australia Station – Links: [[w:Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Wikipedia]]
===''FARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell George Farmer|Farmer, Maxwell George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG1-SHR] - 1916(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5GF Adelaide (Knoxville, 1933-1939; North Norwood, 1947-1948; Adelaide City, 1954-1956; Plympton, 1960-1980+); 5GY Portable Adelaide (Knoxville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1217, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FARRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Howard Farrell|Farrell, John Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-CJT] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4WJ Brisbane Windsor, 1933-1939; Chermside, 1946-1948); 4WJ Quilpie (1954-1960); 4WJ Somerset Dam (1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1103, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Windsor, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Chermside, 1943-1949; Quilpie, 1954-1958); superintendent (Somerset Dam, 1963-1972)

===''FAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Harold Faul|Faul, Albert Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTD-S74] – 1907(NSW)-1979(NSW) – Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923–1924); 3AH Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926–1927) – Qualifications: AOCP 288, 1926, No. ?? in Vic – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster – Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1931–1934); lecturer (Camberwell, 1936); engineer (Bellevue Hill, 1936–1937; Camberwell, 1943); company director (Killara, 1949–1977)
===''FAULKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Wollas Faulks|Faulks, Richard Wollas &quot;Wol&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCD3-BQ3] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2WF Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1931; Hurlstone Park, 1933; Canterbury, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 557, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Ashfield, 1930; Canterbury, 1933-1977)

===''FAWKNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Pascoe Robert Fawkner|Fawkner, Ernest Pascoe Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYB-YKW] - 1901(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: manager (Kings Meadows, 1928); furniture manufacturer (South Launceston, 1936)

===''FEENAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Leo Michael John Feenaghty|Feenaghty, Leo Michael John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYG2-RMT] - 1900(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4LJ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 291, 1926, No. 28 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator; state public servant - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, 1925-1931); assistant secretary (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); public servant (Highgate Hill, 1963); retired (Isle of Capri, 1972-1980)
===''FELDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Feldman|Feldman, John Frederick Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNZ-5DH] - 1905(Vic)-1987(Vic) - 3QH Receive Geelong (South Geelong, 1923-1924), 3QH Geelong (South Geelong, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 140, 1925, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, bricklayer
===''FELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Frederick Fell|Fell, Evan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH4-FTW] - 1914(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1932-1939); 4EF Barcaldine (1946-1948); 4EF Mackay (1954-1955); 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1956; Bardon, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 978, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 175, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (inspector); property developer - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashgrove, Qld, 1936-1943); engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949; Mackay, Qld, 1954); public servant (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977)

===''FELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. C. Fells|Fells, L. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FELTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Felton|Felton, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M5-C2J] - 1897(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2RF Sydney (Petersham, 1927-1929; Belmore, 1930-1939, 1946-1956); 2RT Sydney (Kogarah, 1937) - Qualifications: AOCP 366, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Belmore, 1930-1934); engineer (Belmore, 1936-1937); soldier (Belmore, 1943); radio technician (Belmore, 1949-1954)
===''FERGUSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Angus Ferguson|Ferguson, Colin Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DH-9KM] - 1917(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5CJ Mt Gambier (1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1994, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Cyril E. Ferguson|Ferguson, Cyril E.]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 2, 1914, No. 2 in Aus) - coastal station operator?

===''FERRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Walter Cecil Ferrall|Ferrall, Edgar Walter Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMF-G97] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Launceston, 1919-1949); inspector (Kingston Beach, 1954)
===''FERRICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Bernard Ferricks|Ferricks, Michael Bernard &quot;Bernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58X-S4X] - 1914(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4UW Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1471, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); chemist (Northgate, Qld, 1949-1977); retired (Cairns, Qld, 1980)

===''FIEDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Victor Fiedler|Fiedler, Leslie Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHNW-3JZ] - 1906(SA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 5SL Adelaide (Woodville, 1927-1933), 5SL Moonta (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 353, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Henley, 1939-1943); theatre manager (Belmont, 1949); film exhibitor (Mt Lawley, 1958); company director (Mt Lawley, 1963-1968)

===''FIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph William Field|Field, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-Q5T] - 1915(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939; Ormond, 1946-1948); 3LJ Melbourne (Ormond, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 599, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Caulfield, 1937); machinist (Bentleigh, 1942-1977)

===''FILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Crawford Files|Files, Jack Crawford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-JWJ] - 1907(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4JF Brisbane (Buranda, 1932-1935; Coorparoo, 1936-1939; Buranda 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, QSL manager); journalist (Teleradio, WIA Notes); accountant - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1931-1934; Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943-1963)
===''FILMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Le Roy Drowley Filmer|Filmer, Le Roy Drowley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNF-2Z7] - 1902(NSW)-1976(NSW) - 2FT Newcastle (Toronto, 1925-1930; Hamilton South, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 148, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, metallurgist

===''FINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Edward Finch|Finch, Alan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6M4-987] - 1915(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 7CJ Launceston (Mowbray Heights, 1935-1939); 7CJ Hobart (New Town, 1946-1954); 7CJ Kelso (1955-1956); 3AEO Shepparton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1575, 191935, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (St Leonards, 1936-1937); mechanic (New Town, 1943-1954); public servant (Radio Australia, Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1968); technician (Shepparton, 1972)
===''FINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Warren Finn|Finn, Leonard Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2K-4P6] - 1914(SA)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5SP Adelaide (Seaton Park, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1671, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Seaton Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Finney|Finney, William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-W2H] - 1881(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AU Brisbane (Red Hill, 1923-1925); 4WF Brisbane (Red Hill, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 845, 1925; 2COCP 307, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Red Hill, 1903-1905); telegraphist (New Farm, 1908; Newmarket, 1909; Red Hill, 1913-1937; East Nundah, 1949; Wooloowin, 1954)

===''FISHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Hugh Fisher|Fisher, Douglas Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD15-N13] - 1913(Vic)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7AB Launceston (1934-1939); 7AB Burnie (1946-1948); 7AB Devonport (1954-1955); 7AB Lenah Valley (1956); 7AB Zeehan (1960); 7AB Oatlands (1965-1969; 7AB Claremont (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1373, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 7ZEE Neville Grant Fisher - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1936); bank clerk (Launceston, 1937; Burnie, 1943-1949; Devonport, 1954)
===''FISK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Thomas Fisk|Fisk, Ernest Thomas]] - 1886(Eng)-1965(NSW), 2EF Sydney (Lindfield, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur radio operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), broadcast and radiocommunications business proprietor (AWA), operated prior to 1933 under various AWA callsigns, 2MC in 1928 was licensed to his residence at Vaucluse - Links:  [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fisk-sir-ernest-thomas-6177 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198906.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198907.pdf EA2]

===''FITCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campbell Fitchett|Fitchett, John Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-K7W] - 1900(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Licences: XJDM Melbourne (Balwyn, 1913-1914); 3BL Melbourne (Balwyn, 1922-1925; Brighton, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 609, 1921 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Brighton, 1928-1937) - TroveTag: &quot;XJDM-3BL - John Campbell Fitchett&quot;
===''FITTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Stephen Luther Fittell|Fittell, Stephen Luther &quot;Steve&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCN9-KRT] - 1910(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JO Gympie (1929-1939); 4YF Gympie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 487, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 280, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; member radio club (WIAQ, Gympie ARC); commercial broadcaster (4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio specialist (Gympie, 1937); radio dealer (Gympie, 1943-1980)

===''FITZALAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Albini Lawrence Fitzalan|Fitzalan, Herbert Albini Lawrence &quot;Hal&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1951(Qld) - 4HF Brisbane?, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, Halcyon (not mentioned)
===''FITZGERALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Francis Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Eric Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84F-Z7H] - 1907(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2EA Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1928-1929; Burwood, 1930-1931; Pagewood, 1931; Abbotsford, 1931; Bellevue Hill, 1933-1937; Waverley, 1938-1939); 2AAO Sydney (Chatswood, 1950-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 467, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woolahra, 1930-1931); salesman (Coogee, 1937); clerk (Chatswood, 1943-1977)
* [[/Patrick Michael Anthony Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Patrick Michael Anthony &quot;Pat&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G33Q-6K9] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PF Rockhampton (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1802, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1930); public servant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1968); clerk (Corinda, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Emu Park, Qld, 1980)
===''FITZGIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard John Fitzgibbons|Fitzgibbons, Richard John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-QPG] - 1893(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4DV Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fitter (Maryborough, Qld, 1916-1919); engine fitter (Ascot, Qld, 1921-1968)

===''FITZMAURICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Simcoe Fitzmaurice|Fitzmaurice, James Simcoe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-KCF] - 1861(Vic)-1934(SA) - Licences: XYB Perth (1913-1914); 5FT Adelaide (North Walkerville, 1923-1933) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (State Engineer, WA &amp; SA); MIEE, AMIEE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1914-1916)

===''FLAHERTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Thomas Holm Flaherty|Flaherty, Gordon Thomas Holm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Q2-C9T] - 1900(Vic)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CB Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: postman (South Brisbane, 1922); telephone mechanic (Buranda, 1925; Coorparoo, 1928); mechanic (Camp Hill, 1936; Beaudesert, 1937-1943); technician (Camp Hill, 1949-1963)
===''FLETCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Fletcher|Fletcher, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKQ-2QR] - 1891(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 128, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Roebourne, 1913); radio operator (Esperance, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Roebourne, 1917-1918); telegraphist (Oakleigh, 1921)
===''FLOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Flood|Flood, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BF-HPG] - 1883(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 238, 1916; 2COCP 415, 1932; 1COCP 348, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIL Flinders Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Emita, Flinders Island, Tas, 1914-1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1925; Meeandah, Qld, 1928; Eagle Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Cooktown, Qld, 1943); retired (Cairns, 1954-1958; Eventide Home, Charters Towers, 1963)

===''FOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Lillico Fogg|Fogg, Hugh Lillico]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-KRZ] - 1900(Tas)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6HF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1939); 5HF Mt Barker (1947-1948); 3AHF Benalla (1954-1960); 6HF Perth (Inglewood, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 787, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Perth, WA, 1931); clerk (Maylands, WA, 1936); bank officer (Maylands, WA, 1943); manager (ANZ Bank, Benalla, Vic, 1954); retired (Inglewood, WA, 1963-1972)

===''FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry James Bartholomew Foley|Foley, Henry James Bartholomew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QZ-5SV] - 1886(NSW)-1954(NSW) - Licences: Sydney (Randwick, 1911) - Qualifications: pre AOCP - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1913); merchant (Drummoyne, 1930-1954)

===''FOLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Ulrich Francis Folie|Folie, Max Ulrich Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-Y7F] - 1909(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3WZ Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1933); 3GZ Mildura (1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 682, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Auburn, 1931); radio engineer (Mildura, 1934-1968)

===''FONTAINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Alfred Fontaine|Fontaine, Louis Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMDQ-L2V] - 1894(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT, 1914, No. 3 in Aus and Vic - RANRS; coastal wireless operator (VIG, Port Moresby, 1915-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Wyndham, 1918; Geraldton, 1922; Thursday Island, 1934-1936); telegraphist (St Kilda, 1937); radio telegraphist (Malvern, 1942); electrician (Camberwell, 1949)

===''FOOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Foot|Foot, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BT-FVF] - 1878(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 36, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (South Yarra, 1915; St Kilda, 1916-1917); RAN (Balaclava, 1919); tobacconist (Sandringham, 1925); manager (Prahran, 1937); clerk (St Kilda, 1942); retired (Dandenong, 1949-1954)

===''FORECAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Mark Llewllyn Forecast|Forecast, Arthur Mark Llewllyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HPS-H18] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1931; St Kilda, 1933; Caulfield, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; The Basin, 1954-1975; Ferntree Gully, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 279, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 141, 1934; BOCP 156, 1938; 1COCP 245, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Malvern, 1925-1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1931-1934); biograph operator (Caulfield East, 1937-1942; Glenhuntley, 1949); projectionist (The Basin, 1963-1972); retired (Ferntree Gully, 1977; Knoxfield, 1980)
===''FOREMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Graham Foreman|Foreman, Edgar Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD95-36X] - 1908(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4GF Ayr (1935-1939); 4GF Townsville (North Ward, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1577, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanton Hill, Qld, 1930); salesman (Ayr, Qld, 1934-1937); procurement specialist (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1954-1968); proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''FORREST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Forrest|Forrest, John]] - 1847(WA)-1918(???) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1901, 17 days)
===''FORSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Joseph Forshaw|Forshaw, Charles Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-783] - 1895(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: XJDA Melbourne (Elwood, 1913-1914); V736 Receive Hamilton (1922); 3GQ Receive Hamilton (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identifed - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Myrtleford, 1917); clerk (Oakleigh, 1924-1937; Gardiner, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949; Glenhuntly, 1954)
===''FORSYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Arthur Forsyth|Forsyth, Royce Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1R-3S5] - 1917(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1637, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Launceston, 1943); teacher (Hobart North, 1944); schoolteacher (Bellerive, 1949-1972)
===''FORSYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Edgar Forsythe|Forsythe, Leonard Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBY-MTR] - 1894(NSW)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 2BF Receive Sydney (Northbridge, 1922); 2BF Sydney (Northbridge, 1922-1929; Drummoyne, 1930-1933; Snapper Island, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 40, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: flagmaker (Northbridge, 1930-1949); department manager (Drummoyne, 1958); ship's chandler (Drummoyne, 1963-1980)
===''FORTESCUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fortescue|Fortescue, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD8X-GQ7] - 1893(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Toowoomba (1922-1924); 4CF Toowoomba (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (CMF, Colonel); WW2; jeweller - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Toowoomba, 1913-1958); nil (Toowoomba, 1963-1968)

===''FOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Foster|Foster, Ernest John &quot;Ernie&quot;]] - 1914(Qld)-1967(Qld) - 4BY Brisbane, amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), broadcast engineer (4MB, 4BU), military (WW2, RAAF)
* [[/James Foster|Foster, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2Z-27G] - 1915(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5TX Adelaide (North Kensington, 1933-1939); 5LU Adelaide (Dulwich, 1947-1948; Oaklands, 1954-1965; Marion, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1140, 1933, SA; 1COCP 1046, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Frewville, SA, 1943)

===''FOURRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Fourro|Fourro, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4D1-YRR] - 1906(NSW)-1978(ACT) - Licences: 2VF Corowa (1930-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 703, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 165, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Narrandera, 1930); telephone mechanic (Corowa, 1931-1935); wireless mechanic (Corowa, 1936); mechanic (Brighton-le-Sands, 1937); foreman mechanic (2CY Canberra, 1943-1954); supervising technician (2BA Bega, 1958-1963); technician (Merimbula, 1968-1972)

===''FOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Malcolm Fowles|Fowles, Gordon Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H2-RC9] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1931); 3AMF Melbourne (Wheeler's Hill, 1948-1960; Avonsleigh, 1965-1969); 3AMF Cowes (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 490, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Albert Park, 1943; Hamilton, 1949); farmer (Avonsleigh, 1968); retired (Cowes, 1972)

===''FOX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Fox|Fox, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BY-J5Z] - 1886(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 106, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Comment: several contemporaneous WG Fox; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''FRAME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vivian Horace Frame|Frame, Vivian Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ1-4QT] - 1899(Qld)-1959(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Mareeba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman ( Brisbane City, Qld); public works officer (Mareeba, Qld, 1922); architect (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925-1928; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1937; Virginia, Qld, 1949-1954; Norman Park, Qld, 1958)

===''FRANK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kendall Thomas Frank|Frank, Kendall Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-TGZ] - 1904(WA)-1951(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 921, 1926; 2COCP 289, 1930; 1COCP 64, 1935 - ship wireless operator (AWA), coastal wireless operator, amateur operator?, broadcast engineer (4PM) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Lakemba, 1943) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/frank-kendall-thomas-10236 ADB]

===''FRANZI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Franzi|Franzi, William Ronald &quot;Bill&quot; (formerly Emilio Stefan)]] - 1909(Italy)-19??(SA) - 4FR Atherton (1938-1939), 5FR Adelaide (Da Costa Park, 1946-1965; Glenelg East, 1969-1975), 5VK American Beach (1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 2192, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (IREE), military (RAAF), employment (radio technician)
===''FRASER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Douglas Fraser|Fraser, James Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NS-MQ3] - 1900(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2JF Quirindi (1930-1935) - Qualifications: AOCP 637, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quirindi, 1930-1943); engineer (Picton, 1949-1954)
* [[/H. Fraser|Fraser, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2JC Tamworth (1924-1925), amateur operator (no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Henry George Fraser|Fraser, Henry George]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 1001, 1932, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, at least two HGF engineers
===''FRAZER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Frazer|Frazer, Charles Edward &quot;Charlie&quot;]] - 1880(Vic)-1913(Vic) - politician (Postmaster-General, 1911-1913)

===''FREEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Freeman|Freeman, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZL-4F7] - 19??(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Sydney (Burwood, 1929-1939; Ashfield, 1946-1958; Cheltenham, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 544, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: packer (Newtown, 1930-1931; East Sydney, 1933-1935); engineer (Burwood, 1936-1937; Ashfield, 1943-1958; Cheltenham, 1963-1968) - individual not fully identified
* [[/L. Freeman|Freeman, L.]] - 18??-19?? - Licences: XQB Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FREESTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Roy Freestone|Freestone, Leslie Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-NB5] - 1896(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LF Ballarat (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Ballarat, 1916-1920); commercial traveller (Ballarat, 1921-1936); traveller (Brighton, 1937-1954); nil (Geelong, 1977-1980)
===''FRETTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/O'Della Paul Fretten|Fretten, O'Della Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-BQH] - 1894(Eng)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 2RU Sydney (Concord, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 460, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930; Strathfield, 1933); foreman (Lane Cove, 1936-1937); public servant (St Kilda, 1943); cafe proprietor (Melbourne, 1949); sales manager (St Kilda, 1963); instructor (Brighton, 1967-1968); retired (Malvern East, 1972; Fitzroy North, 1977)
===''FREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Samuel Vernon Frew|Frew, Geoffrey Samuel Vernon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87N-ZC1] - 1909(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3PM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PL Melbourne (Brighton, 1960); 3JK Melbourne (Brighton, 1969); 3PM Melbourne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 402, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 66, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1933); manager (Brighton, 1936-1937); engineer (Footscray, 1943; Brighton, 1949-1980)

===''FRIAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Owen Friar|Friar, Archibald Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4LQ-LGV] - 1905(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2AO Ulmarra (1929-1931); 2AO Grafton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 504, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Ulmarra, 1930-1937); garage proprietor (South Grafton, 1943-1963)

===''FROGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard James Frogley|Frogley, Gerard James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7K7-JNM] - 1902(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Richmond, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 240, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (East Melbourne, 1924); battery mechanic (Richmond, 1925-1931)

===''FRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Turner Fry|Fry, Alfred Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRX-2SL] - 1881(NSW)-1928(Vic) - Licences: 7BG Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: metallurgist (Ballarat, 1917; Queenstown, Tas, 1919-1922; Sandringham, 1924-1927)
* [[/Reginald Hall Fry|Fry, Reginald Hall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-9WN] - 1891(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2KC Sydney (Croydon, 1922-1929; Killara, 1930-1933); 2KC Parkes (1934); 2KC Goulburn (1935-1936); 2KC Wollongong (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 86, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Gordon, 1930; Killara, 1933; Goulburn, 1935-1936; Wollongong, 1937; Killara, 1943-1968); engineer (Killara, 1972)
===''FRYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Norman Fryer|Fryer, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KH-TZ8] - 1906(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KF Sydney (Suspension Bridge, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: AOCP 332, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1934; North Sydney, 1936; Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''FULCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Fulcher|Fulcher, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, (Halcyon, P. 4)

===''FYSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHNP-534] - 1835(Eng)-1919(Tas) - state politician (MLC Tas, 1860s through 1890s; MHA Tas 1870s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1903-1904) - Relationships: grandfather of 7PF Philip Oakley Fysh
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YS-4ZR] - 1897(Tas)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7PF Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 128, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Launceston Radio Experimenters' Club, WIA Launceston); WW2 - Relationships: grandson of Philip Oakley Fysh, federal Postmaster-General 1903-1904 - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Launceston, 1922-1954)

=='''G'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''GABBERTAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Gabbertas|Gabbertas, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF9C-2W7] - 1915(Eng)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6GB Perth (Maylands, 1936-1939; Mt Hawthorn, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1810, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); mechanic (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1980)

===''GADSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Wilkinson Gadsden|Gadsden, Stanley Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM38-WZ2] - 1887(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3SW Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 26, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic, Chief of Council, 1926); placed 2nd in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Kew, 1908-1915); manufacturer (Kew, 1917-1954)

===''GALLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Galle|Galle, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-KXN] - 1912(SA)-2008(SA)96yo - Licences: 5QR Adelaide (Prospect, 1931-1939, 1947-1948; Enfield, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 834, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Jabuk, SA, 1939-1941); schoolteacher (Tailem Bend, SA, 1943)

===''GAMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ray Gamble|Gamble, William Ray &quot;Ray&quot;]] - 1928(NSW)-2011(NSW) - broadcast engineer (BOCP 961, 1948), station manager, radio network principal [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/vale-ray-gamble Radio Info]

===''GAMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Gamon|Gamon, George Arthur]] - 1900(Vic)-1977(???) - 3GG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1925-1926; Middle Park, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 89, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''GARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Garing|Garing, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WV-2YG] - 1910(Vic)-2004(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 431, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: cadet (Point Cook, 1931-1934); airman (Point Cook, 1937); RAAF officer (Townsville, 1943; Point Cook, Vic, 1958; Williamtown, NSW, 1958); executive director (Turramurra, 1968); director (Turramurra, 1980)
===''GARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Raymond Garner|Garner, Alan Raymond]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician! (Frankston, 1963-1980)
===''GARNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Garnett|Garnett, Brian]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4AHN Currimundi, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld),
===''GARRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Randolph Garran|Garran, Richard Randolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K822-L54] - 1903(Vic)-1991(ACT) - Licences: 3AW Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1924-1925); manager (Semaphore, SA, 1941; Caulfield, Vic, 1954-1980)
===''GARRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Benjamin Walter Garrett|Garrett, Horace Benjamin Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7PD-9SV] - 1906(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3JI Melbourne (Box Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Box Hill, 1928-1934); radio mechanic (Box Hill, 1936); salesman (Box Hill, 1943-1977)
===''GARTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Garth|Garth, Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DX-47Z] - 1903(Eng)-1959(Tas) - Licences: 2VZ Sydney (Coogee, 1930; Clovelly, 1931-1933; Bankstown, 1934-1936); 4VZ Mackay (1937-1939); 3SF Melbourne (Preston, 1948; Seaford, 1954); 7RG Trevallyn, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 584, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clovelly, NSW, 1930-1933); mechanic (Bankstown, NSW, 1934-1936); electrician (Slade Point, Qld, 1937-1943; Beaconsfield, Tas, 1958)

===''GAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Holman Gay|Gay, Augustus Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PF-938] - 1902(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3SM Warragul (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Warragul, 1927-1934); engineer (South Yarra, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Kew, 1963-1980)
* [[/Vivian James Gay|Gay, Vivian James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYT8-VJJ] - 1908(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 2VI Sydney (Chatswood, 1935-1939; North Sydney, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965); 2VI Burradoo (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1510, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: printer (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943); master printer (Lane Cove, 1949-1968); printer (Artarmon, 1972); retired (Burradoo, 1977-1980)

===''GEAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Vivian Geake|Geake, Wilfred Vivian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTF-H1J] - 1893(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5BR Receive Kooringa (1922); 5BR Receive (Murray Bridge, 1923); Receive Murray Bridge (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hillside, SA, 1939)

===''GEDDES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Albert Geddes|Geddes, Frank Albert]] - 1901(NSW)-1922(NSW) - 2GC Sydney (Waverley, 1922, receive only), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), radio clubs (Waverley Radio Club), due to age licence held in name of father Francis G Geddes

===''GEEVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Leslie Geeves|Geeves, Philip Leslie &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88C-Y8Y] - 1917(NSW)-1983(NSW) - radio broadcaster (VK2ME, 2CH, ABC); employment (AWA, 1937-1970s); journalist (SMH); historian (AWA, broadcasting); awards (OAM, 1980) - Electoral Rolls: radio executive (Bexley, 1949-1963); executive (Hurstville South, 1972-1980)
===''GEISEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK7-NJ4] - 1921(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5YL Murray Bridge (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1788, 1936, SA; 2COCP 448, 1941; 1COCP 544, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''GEORGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Heinrich Alfred August George|George, Heinrich Alfred August &quot;Henry&quot;, &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G387-XZ4] - 1899(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3ZP Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1919-1963)
===''GEORGESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Georgeson|Georgeson, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS1-17Q] - 1897(Eng)-1976(Taiwan) - Licences: 5JD Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1938); 2AKU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1939; Granville, 1946-1947; Artarmon, 1948-1954; Lane Cove (1955); Artarmon (1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1783, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, NSW, 1943); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1963-1968); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1972)

===''GERAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/James Anselm Geraghty|Geraghty, James Anselm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVD-VY9] - 1877(???)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CS Receive Townsville (1923); 4CS Townsville (1923-1924); 4CS Brisbane (Nudgee, 1924); 4CS Gympie (1924); 4CS Townsville (1925); 4CS Gympie (1925-1927); 2JG Wagga Wagga (1929); 7CB Launceston (1931); 4CB Brisbane (Nudgee, 1933); 4AC Bundaberg (1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 186, 1925, No. 17 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion and teacher (Christian Brothers) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Ballarat, 1906; Gympie, 1909-1913; Dunedin, 1914-1916; South Brisbane, 1919-1925; Tamworth, 1930; Bundaberg, 1934; Ipswich, 1943; Albion, 1949; Gympie, 1954); retired (Boondall, 1958-1968)

===''GIBBON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Foster Gibbon|Gibbon, Thomas Foster]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G857-MWS] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XJAV Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914); Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Kew, 1923); 3XZ Melbourne (Kew, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Kew, 1919-1925); electrical engineer (Kew, 1928-1954); engineer (Kew, 1963)

===''GIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gibbons|Gibbons, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XB-YRJ] - 1907(Wales)-19??(???) - Licences: 2FG Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 255, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Neutral Bay, 1930); clerk (Gordon, 1954-1968); director (Turramurra, 1972-1977)

===''GIBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. G. Gibson|Gibson, E. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Ormiston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
*[[/Edgar McLean Gibson|Gibson, Edgar McLean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-SM5] - 1877(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1925), possibly held on behalf of son Leighton - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs - Relationships: father of 4AN William Leighton Gibson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Toowoomba, 1908-1917; Greenslopes, 1922); engineer (Manly, 1936-1937; Hawthorne, 1943-1968)
*[[/George Holland Gibson|Gibson, George Holland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MXPG-HB4] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: XQG Brisbane (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Fortitude Valley, 1915-1917); mechanic (Newmarket, 1919-1928; New Farm, 1937-1943); telephone technician (Bulimba, 1954-1977)
* [[/Richard Leslie Gibson|Gibson, Richard Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9QNS-G8V] - 1900(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2GH Alstonville (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 578, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Alstonville, 1930-1949); retired (Alstonville, 1963-1968; Ballina, 1972)
* [[/William Gerrand Gibson|Gibson, William Gerrand]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWJY-5G9] - 1869(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Politician, Federal Postmaster-General 1923-1929 [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/gibson-william-gerrand-6313 ADB]
*[[/William Leighton Gibson|Gibson, William Leighton &quot;Leighton&quot; &amp; &quot;Gibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-Q7S] - 1907(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 73, 1925, No. 7 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN &quot;Bananalander&quot;); wireless business employee (Phillips Radio) - Relationships: son of 4AN Edgar McLean Gibson - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Manly, Qld, 1936-1937; Camp Hill, Qld, 1943); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949); business executive (Balgowlah, NSW, 1958); regional representative (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GIDDINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hudson Giddings|Giddings or Whitney, Albert Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR4-PDP] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 5FI Adelaide (Nailsworth, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1556, 1935, SA; 1COCP 102, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant, Signals) - Electoral Rolls: PMG employee (Sale, Vic, 1968); technician (Elwood, Vic, 1972); clerk (Hughs, ACT, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/612780 VWMA]
* [[/Albert William James Giddings|Giddings, Albert William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9711-NG3] - 1909(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DG Stratford (1935-1939); 3DG Numurkah (1947-1948); 3DG Lancefield (1954-1969);  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1574, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster;; WW2 (RAAF, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Culgoa, Vic, 1931); bank clerk (Pakenham East, Vic, 1934); bank officer (Stratford, Vic, 1936-1937); warrant officer RAAF (Point Cook, Vic, 1942); bank official (Numurkah, Vic, 1949)

===''GILFILLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles Kent Gilfillan|Gilfillan, William Charles Kent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-93Q] - 1869(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2AM Receive Sydney (Greenwich, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: independent means (Manly, 1913); soldier (Manly, 1930-1935); no occupation (Redfern, 1937); manufacturer (Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''GILHOOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Forrest Gilhooley|Gilhooley, Joseph Aloysius Forrest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-L6N] - 1877(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2AH Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darlinghurst, 1903; Hunters Hill, 1930-1935); traveller (Hunters Hill, 1937-1949)

===''GILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Stewart Gill|Gill, Alan Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH6B-JQ4] - 1907(NSW)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 7AS Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 191, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist &amp; engineer (Electrolytic Zinc Co) - Electoral Rolls: research chemist (Hobart Central, 1928; Sandy Bay, 1936-1949); chemist (Hobart South, 1954)
* [[/Alfred Wyatt McKenzie Gill|Gill, Alfred Wyatt McKenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBP-B8D] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2TS Receive Sydney (Killara, 1923); 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Killara, 1933-1937; Wahroonga, 1949); soldier (Wahroonga, 1943); airline officer (Wahroonga, 1954-1958)
===''GILLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Rex Gregory Gillett|Gillett, Clarence Rex Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWJC-ZDW] - 1919(SA?)-2020(SA) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (All Wave All World DX Club, Australian DX Radio Club (SA Branch), South Australian DX Radio Club, Australian Radio DX Club, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia, New Zealand Radio DX League) - substantial portion (100+) of QSL collection survives (SSD, NFSA)
===''GILLHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman William Gillham|Gillham, Norman William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTT-M8V] - 1906(Tas)-1994(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923-1924); 7NW Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 176, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 944, 1927 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sandy Bay, 1928); joiner (Queensborough, 1936-1937); builder (Nelson, 1943-1954)
===''GILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Clifford Gillon|Gillon, Peter Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD7M-X53] - 1895(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 99, 1915 - Coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls: operator (Bondi, 1934); radio telegraphist (Crow's Nest, NSW, 1936; Cooktown, Qld, 1937; Townsville, 1943); telegraphist (Kensington, NSW, 1949-1954; Cremorne, 1958); radio operator (Cremorne, 1963-1968)

===''GILMOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stanley Gilmour|Gilmour, Norman Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-PVG] - 1890(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2ZU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1930; Potts Point, 1931; City, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 28, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: director (Neutral Bay, 1930); business manager (Darlinghurst, 1931); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1937; Mosman, 1943-1958)

===''GINBEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Haldane Ginbey|Ginbey, Ian Haldane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-73N] - 1913(WA)-1962(WA) - Licences: 6IG Perth (Fremantle, 1938-1939; Bicton, 1947-1948; Attadale, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2084, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1936; Fremantle, WA, 1937; South Fremantle, WA, 1943); salesman (Melville, WA, 1958)

===''GINGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ubitt Victor Ginger|Ginger, Ubitt Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5P-G76] - 1891(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2LF Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923); 2LF Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1924; North Sydney, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; police officer - callsign 2LF to L. R. Filmer, Toronto from Sep 1925, Bracken from 1933 - Electoral Rolls: constable (Chatswood, 1930-1933); police constable (Marrickville, 1934); constable (Naremburn, 1936-1937)

===''GINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Ginn|Ginn, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZC-95C] - 1917(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Townsville (1936-1939; 1946-1948); 4GE Brisbane (Hendra, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1749, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, RAAF, AIF); employment (life insurance agent) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Townsville, Qld, 1943); shop assistant (Windsor, Qld, 1949); salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''GIVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. James M. Givens|Givens, L. James M. &quot;James&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LX-7WR] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3EP Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1923); 3EP Melbourne (Canterbury, 1924-1927); 3XY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 849, 1925; AOLCP 121, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (Canterbury, 1931-1937; Camberwell, 1943); photographer (Delbridge, 1954)

===''GLASSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Ronald John Glassop|Glassop, Ronald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBZX-P8N] - 1910(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 2RF Newcastle (City, 1934-1935; Blackhalls, 1936; Hamilton East, 1937); 4BG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 4BG Maryborough (1947-1969); 4BG North Tamborine (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1288, 1934, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; insurance assessor - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Newcastle, NSW, 1932-1935); clerk (Hamilton, NSW, 1937); insurance inspector (Clayfield, Qld, 1937); insurance secretary (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1968); retired (Miami, Qld, 1972; Mt Tamborine, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''GLOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Frederick Glover|Glover, Alexander Frederick or Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L246-XZ6] - 1925(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3AFG Sale (1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2705, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Sale, 1949); mechanic (Sale, 1954-1980)
* [[/Arthur James George Glover|Glover, Arthur James George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2MT8-CZ8] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1928-1931; Surrey Hills, 1933); 3AG Warrnambool (1937-1939); 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1946-1960; Camberwell, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 392, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 1129, 1928; 2COCP 153, 1930; 1COCP 29, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Box Hill, 1931); engineer (Box Hill, 1936); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1937); engineer (Canterbury, 1943; Box Hill, 1949-1954); automation engineer (Camberwell, 1963-1968); engineer (Camberwell, 1972-1977)
* [[/Maurice Glover|Glover, Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-25R] - 1912(Vic)-2003(Tas) - Licences: 7MG Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 7MG Swansea (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2129, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nelson, 1943); no occupation (Swansea, 1949; Nelson, 1954)
* [[/Maxwell Arthur Glover|Glover, Maxwell Arthur &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-58X] - 1902(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3GB Receive Melbourne (Auburn, 1922); 3GB Melbourne (Camberwell, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: No record of AOCP; 3COCP 671, 1948 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Camberwell, 1924-1934); wool buyer (Toorak, 1935-1936; South Yarra, 1937); director (Malvern, 1949-1980)
===''GLUSKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Gluskie|Gluskie, C. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GODDARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Endacott Goddard|Goddard, John Endacott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNBM-L27] - 1914(WA)-1943(Crete) - Licences: 6JG Perth (North Perth, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1427, 1935, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Fremantle, 1936) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links:  [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/goddard-john-endacott-406692/ Aviation Museum WA]; [https://anzac.site/greece/crete-operation-thesis-goddard/ Operation Thesis]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1703409 AWM Roll of Honour]

===''GOFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Goford|Goford, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZH-W3H] - 1898(Eng)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4MI Mount Isa (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1675, 1936, Qld; BOCP 387, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Mt Isa, Qld, 1937); broadcasting technician (Goonellabah, NSW, 1943); DCA technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1954-1963)

===''GOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold|Gold, Clifford Henry Yarburgh or Yarborough &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19B-YYC] - 1906(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Brisbane (Hill End, 1926-1931); 4CG Toowoomba (1933-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 262, 1926, No. 21 in Qld; AOLCP 186, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (West End, 1928-1931); radio operator (Toowoomba, 1934); projectionist (Toowoomba, 1936-1963); radio technician (Balmoral, 1968-1977) - Relationships: nephew of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; also Doug &amp; Geoff
* [[/Douglas Edward Gold|Gold, Douglas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RL-XQB] - 1917(NSW)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 254, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Toowoomba, 1943-1949); assistant manager (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)
* [[/Edward Edwin Gold|Gold, Edward Edwin &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L13Q-WZV] - 1894(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Toowoomba (1924-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 7, 1924, No. 1 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; awarded Class B licence for 4GR Toowoomba; commercial broadcast station proprietor (4GR); Relationships: father of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; uncle of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowoomba, 1925-1958)
* [[/Geoffrey Kilvington Gold|Gold, Geoffrey Kilvington]] - 1943(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 2210, 1963; AOLCP 1608, 1964 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Douglas Edward Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio broadcaster (Annerley, 1968)
===''GOLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick John Golden|Golden, Patrick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSFG-R49] - 1893(Ire)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4PG Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely UK) - ship wireless operator; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Wynnum Heights, 1928-1931); radio dealer (Clayfield, 1936-1937); radio operator (Flying boat base, Karumba, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''GOLDSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Herbert Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Frank Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93SX-QL8] - 1895(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6FG Perth (Nedlands Park, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 377, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio journalist - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Perth, 1917); journalist (Bunbury, 1921-1922; Nedlands, 1925-1949; Roleystone, 1954-1958); retired (Rossmoyne, 1968-1972)
* [[/Gordon William Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWR-BKR] - 1914(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5HM Cowandilla (1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1629, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GOLDSWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Goldsworthy|Goldsworthy, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4D7-C24] - 1910(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (Valley, 1934-1939); 4WA Rockhampton (1947-1948)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1341, 1934, Qld; 2COCP 1112, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Valley, Qld, 1934-1943); aeradio operator (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)

===''GOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jasper Claude Golley|Golley, Jasper Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-S1F] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5JX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1937; Glengowrie, 1938-1939; Seacliff, 1948-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1522, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Glengowrie, SA, 1939-1941; Seacliff, SA, 1943)

===''GOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Good|Good, Edward Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMS7-P78] - 1864(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Glenrowan (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Taminick, 1903); traveller (Taminick, 1909-1930)

===''GOODE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Russell Goode|Goode, Arthur Russell]] - 1889(Vic)-1971(Vic) - XLK Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1913), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic),  PMGD (telegraphist, Central Office, Melbourne, 1903-1921), Listener-In (journalist; editor), author several books, grandfather of Michael Goode 3BDL
* [[/Michael Goode|Goode, Michael]] - 3ZYY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1969+), 3BDL Melbourne, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1968, No. ?? in Vic), historian (amateur radio, 5 metres), grandson of XLK Arthur Russell Goode

===''GORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Arthur Gorman|Gorman, Clarence Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLZ-X8H] - 1895(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: XCG Sydney (Oatley, 1913-1914); 2EC Receive Sydney (Arncliffe, 1922); 2EC Sydney (Arncliffe, 1923-1925); 2CG Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1929); designated operator 2UI Illawarra Radio Club (Kogarah, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 222, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: NSW winner 1923 Trans-Pacific Tests - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Rockdale, 1930-1931; Kogarah, 1932-1943; Hargrave Park, 1949; Villawood, 1954-1963)

===''GOSTELOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Victor Gostelow|Gostelow, Alfred Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVQ-PCX] - 1897(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: XABD Dorrigo (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Uralla, 1930-1936; Scone, 1937-1949; Terrigal, 1954-1968); retired (Terrigal, 1972)

===''GOTTING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Benjamin Gotting|Gotting, Herbert Edward Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLY-HLD] - 1889(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N760 Receive Braemar (1922); 2ID Receive Braemar (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Braemar, 1930); electrician (Mittagong, 1936-1937); engineer (Mittagong, 1949-1963)

===''GOVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Neville Govan|Govan, Walter Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XF-YDT] - 1905(Vic)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5WG Port Pirie (1934-1939); 5WG Crystal Brook (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1273, 1934, SA; BOCP 40, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lead burner (Port Pirie, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1943)

===''GOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Selwyn Harry James Gover|Gover, Selwyn Harry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-D2L] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Nundah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 789, 1923; 2COCP 43, 1929; 1COCP 249, 1939 - amateur receiver; ship wireless officer - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Annerley, Qld, 1925); marine radio officer (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1968)

===''GOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gelston Stewart Gow|Gow, Gelston Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7HP-61D] - 1895(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: XBW Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2GG Sydney (City, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 411, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1930); electrician (Darlinghurst, 1933-1943); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1954-1972)

===''GOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Nelson James Gowlett|Gowlett, Frank Nelson James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G619-PYV] - 1891(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 163, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Townsville, 1925); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1930-1931); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1934-1937; Cooktown, 1943-1949; Maroubra, 1949); radio officer (Maroubra, 1958-1963)

===''GOYDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil William Goyder|Goyder, Cecil William]] - about 1906(Eng)-1980(NJ, USA) - G2SZ England, amateur operator [http://www.clement-jones.com/ps03/ps03_313.html]

===''GRAHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Ernest Graham|Graham, Donald Ernest &quot;Don&quot;]] - 1933(WA)-2012(WA) - 6HK Perth (Mount Hawthorn, 1954-1956; Wembley Downs, 1960-1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 3162, 1951, No. ?? in WA) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), DoC / DoTaC (WA State Broadcasting Engineer) - a good life, well lived [https://stephbg.livejournal.com/669733.html]
* [[/James Alexander Graham|Graham, James Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G979-6RF] - 1905(Sct)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4JQ Brisbane (Ekibin, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2058, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 510, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Ekibin, Qld, 1937-1954)
* [[/William Denton Graham|Graham, William Denton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGS-KB5] - 1895(Tas)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2RR Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2WG Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 227, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Rockdale, 1930-1937); process worker (Bondi Junction, 1943); iron worker (Rockdale, 1949-1968); machinist (Rockdale, 1977); retired (Liverpool, 1980)
* [[/William Thompson Graham|Graham, William Thompson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR1-SL3] - 1902(Sct)-1987(Tas) - Licences: 7BV Receive St Mary's (1923); Receive St Mary's (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer's assistant (St Mary's, 1925-1954);

===''GRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin John Rawle Grant|Grant, Colin John Rawle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-BXF] - 1902(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4JG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 310, 1926, No. 32 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; accountant - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloowin, 1925-1934); security officer (Eagle Junction, 1936); auditor (West Nundah, 1937); retired (Southport, 1968-1980)
* [[/James Grant|Grant, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2DP Newcastle (Stockton, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 555, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/William Patrick Grant|Grant, William Patrick &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-YJC] - 1917(Ireland)-19??(Ireland) - Licences: 4WU Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1801, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 269, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; air controller (Shannon Airport) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GRANTHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Richard Grantham|Grantham, Sidney Richard &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ6-B8S] - 1920(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4SG Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1946-1956); 4SG Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1960; Hendra, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2083, 1938, Qld; 1COCP 927, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, IREE, RFDS council); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); federal public servant (DCA, Aeradio; PMGD/DoC, radio inspector); broadcast technician (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: RAAF (Yerongpilly, Qld, 1943); broadcast engineer (Harristown, Qld, 1949); engineer (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); radio inspector (Hendra, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GRANVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Florence Violet Granville|Granville (nee) / Wallace / McKenzie, Florence Violet &quot;Mrs Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRR8-ZWS] - 1890(Vic)-1982(NSW) - 2GA Sydney (Sydney, 1922-1924; Greenwich, 1925-1939), 2FV Sydney (Sydney, 1946-1950; Circular Quay, 1954; Greenwich, 1955-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 109, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, business proprietor, signals instructor - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mckenzie-florence-violet-15485 ADB]

===''GRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Gray|Gray, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Albert Howell Gray|Gray, Albert Howell &quot;Dave&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXM-J83] - 1907(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2IJ Receive Sydney (Killara, 1922); 2IJ Sydney (Killara, 1923-1939, 1946-1969; Whale Beach, 1975-1980+); 2AG Sydney (McMahons Point, 1931-1938; Lane Cove, 1939); 2APV Sydney (McMahons Point, 1954; Strathfield, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 90, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Killara, 1930-1936); engineer (Killara, 1937-1968; Whale Beach, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Malcolm Gray|Gray, Frank Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBBV-5XS] - 1910(SA)-2011(Qld)100yo - Licences: 5MU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1932-1933); 5SU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1937-1939, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1017, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 5MU possibly withdrawn for 5MU Murray Bridge - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Toorak Gardens, 1939)
* [[/George Henry Boulderson Gray|Gray, George Henry Boulderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTTN-WVM] - 1912(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JP Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1796, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot, Qld, 1936-1943); sound engineer (Ascot, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''GREEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Green|Green, Albert Ernest]] - 1869(Vic)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - State &amp; Federal politician; Postmaster-General (1931-1932) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Albert Green (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Herman Rowland Green|Green, Herman Rowland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-LGY] - 1915(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: 5OJ Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1679, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. Green|Green, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Yeronga, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter William Green|Green, Walter William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-R87] - 1911(WA)-2012(WA) - Licences: 6WG Albany (1936-1937); 6WG Wiluna (1937-1939); 6WG Albany (1947-1960); 6WG Derby (1965); 6WG Norseman (1969); 6WG Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1676, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936); fitter (Albany, WA, 1958-1963); plant inspector (Norseman, WA, 1968); mechanic (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''GREENHALGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Neal Greenhalgh|Greenhalgh, Kenneth Neal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-NGD] - 1909(NSW)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 2KG Newcastle (Hamilton, 1929-1930; Rooty Hill, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Mayfield West, 1934-1939; New Lambton, 1946-1956; Adamstown Heights, 1957-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 550, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 73, 1932; 1COCP 839, 1944; TVOCP 18, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Hamilton, 1930); broadcasting engineer (2KO Sandgate, 1933); engineer (Mayfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (New Lambton, 1943-1954; Adamstown, 1958-1968; Adamstown Heights, 1977-1980) 
===''GREENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold John Greenham|Greenham, Arnold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH9-QQS] - 1907(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4EE Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933); 4AG Gympie (1934); 4AG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1946-1948); 4AG Caloundra (1954-1956); 4AG Brisbane (Kallangur, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1040, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 807, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; bank employee (NAB) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Gympie, 1936; Innisfail, 1937; South Brisbane, 1943-1949); not stated (Caloundra, 1954-1958); retired (Kallangur, 1963-1972)
===''GREENHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alexander Greenhill|Greenhill, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3K-GWN] - 1904(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LE Brisbane (West End, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1348, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925); ceiling fixer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928); cleaner (West End, Qld, 1937; Archerfield, Qld, 1943); steward (Wilston, Qld, 1949); metal finisher (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); barman (Kirra, Qld, 1958); caretaker (Caloundra, Qld, 1963); cleaner (Woorim, Qld, 1968)

===''GREGORY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. Gregory|Gregory, A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAED Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, possibly Alyn Keith Gregory, bank officer, Bellevue Hill, 1930-1939
* [[/Clyde Francis Burnell Gregory|Gregory, Clyde Francis Burnell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS34-5MV] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Qld) - Licences: Receive Emu Park (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1937); fisherman (Yeppoon, Qld, 1943-1949); taxi driver (Maryborough, Qld, 1958); taxi proprietor (Nelly Bay, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Harold Rigby Gregory|Gregory, Harold Rigby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2C9-CDX] - 1900(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2ED Receive Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1922); 2ED Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1930); inspector (Roseville, 1931-1936); insurance inspector (Roseville, 1937); manager (Newcastle, 1943-1954); insurance manager (Merewether, 1958-1972)
* [[/Robert William Gregory|Gregory, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2FW-QFJ] - 1907(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5GU Mt Barker (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1438, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Kadina, SA, 1939); police officer (Lobethal, SA, 1941-1943)

===''GREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Grey|Grey, Albert Edward &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDK5-374] - 1897(WA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6BO Perth (Nedlands, 1925-1932); 6BO Carnarvon (1933); 6AA Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; RTCP 532, 1920, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP 35, 1934; TVOCP 278 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD); PMGD (postal assistant, Leederville,1919); WW1; RAAF (WW2, radar systems) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1925; Nedlands, 1925-1931); radio inspector (Nedlands, 1936-1972); retired (Nedlands, 1977-1980)
* [[/Elton Edward Grey|Grey, Elton Edward or Edward Elton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWPL-PQ5] - 1920(Qld)-1962(WA) - Licences: 4LX Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939); 6ZX Perth (West Perth, 1948); 6ZX Northam (1954-1955); 6ZX Perth (Leederville, 1956; Floreat Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1689, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (West Perth, WA, 1943); bank clerk (West Perth, WA, 1949); bank officer (Wagin, WA, 1949; Northam, WA, 1954; Floreat Park, WA, 1958)
* [[/James Leonard Grey|Grey, James Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZV-ZY5] - 1915(Sct)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4LN Brisbane (Norman Park, 1937-1938); 2AKO Sydney (Vaucluse, 1939; Pymble, 1946-1961; St Ives, 1965-1969; Neutral Bay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 184, 1934; 2COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF); pilot (RQAC, QANTAS) - Electoral Rolls: aviator (Norman Park, Qld, 1936-1937); airline captain (Pymble, NSW, 1949-1958; St Ives, NSW, 1963-1968); retired (Neutral Bay, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''GRIBBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Gribble|Gribble, Arthur James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Comment: only one reference found, likely misspelling; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''GRIEVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Grieve|Grieve, Ian]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - historian (broadcast); proprietor of Australian Old Time Radio website - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://www.australianotr.com.au/ OTR]
===''GRIFFIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Neville Griffin|Griffin, Thomas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C4-RJ2] - 1889(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2LQ Sydney (Hornsby, 1929-1936); 2AIR Sydney (Northbridge, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 505, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hornsby, 1930-1934); electrical engineer (Artarmon, 1936; Willoughby, 1937; Hornsby, 1943-1949)
===''GRIFFEN-FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bridget Griffen-Foley|Griffen-Foley, Bridget]] - historian (broadcasting) - Professor, Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language and Literature, Macquarie University - author &quot;Changing Stations: The Story of Australian Commercial Radio&quot; &amp; numerous professional articles
===''GRIFFITHS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Arthur Griffiths|Griffiths, Leslie Arthur &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZK-81V] - 1909(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LZ Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1947-1956) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, signaller); cine assistant (Empire Theatre) - Halcyon: AOCP Toowoomba 1938 - Electoral Rolls: assistant projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1931-1937); biograph projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); projectionist (Toowoomba West, Qld, 1963-1968)

===''GRIGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Haydn Errol Grigg|Grigg, Haydn Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BV-N98] - 1899(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922); 2AS Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Darlinghurst, 1935; Edgecliff, 1935-1949; Double Bay, 1954-1968)
===''GRIMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Douglas Grimes|Grimes, Benjamin Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8B-D6J] - 1901(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Annerley, 1923-1924); 4BD Brisbane (Annerley, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 278, 1926, No. 23 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Tarragindi, 1925-1937); share dealer (New Farm, 1943); farmer (Cleveland, 1949-1958); retired (Corinda, 1968-1980)
===''GRIMMETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Urbane Grimmett|Grimmett, Stanley Urbane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L447-3MW] - 1905(NZ)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Newcastle (Hamilton, 1930-1937); 2ZW Sydney (Bankstown, 1938-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1960; Vaucluse, 1961-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 667, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, journalist - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Hamilton, 1930-1937; Strathfield, 1949-1958); Vaucluse, 1963)
===''GRIVELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Grivell|Grivell, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC43-NGM] - 1901(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5BK Yorketown (1930-1933); 5BK Gladstone (1937); 5BK Crystal Brook (1938-1939); 5BK Gawler (1946-1947); 5BK Magill (1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 609, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (5CK Crystal Brook, 1939-1941); telephone mechanic (Gawler, 1943)

===''GROGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold William Grogan|Grogan, Arnold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSS-87B] - 1915(WA)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6EI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1936-1939; City, 1947); 6EI Carnarvon (1948); 6EI Perth (Leederville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1759, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); public servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1949); civil servant (Leederville, WA, 1954-1980)

===''GRONOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rees Gronow|Gronow, William Rees]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVM-KFV] - 1908(Vic)-2003(Vic) - 3EQ Receive Melbourne (City, 1922-1924), 3WG Melbourne (City, 1925-1933; Glen Iris, 1937; Malvern East, 1937; Glen Iris, 1938-1939, 1948-1960; Brighton, 1965-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 178, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, director (Malvern, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1968-1977))

===''GROVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Grove|Grove, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KB-97B] - 1897(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: N746 Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922); 2HZ Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 575, 1920 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Castle Hill, 1930); poultry farmer (Peakhurst, 1933-1949); retired (Burwood, 1963-1972)
===''GROWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Norman Wills Growden|Growden, George Norman Wills &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9C6-15M] - 1913(Vic)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5YM Gladstone (1937-1939); 5YM Wedge Island via Port Lincoln (1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1945, 1937, SA; BOCP 145, 1938; 2COCP 401, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943); wireless operator (RAAF Station, Pearce, WA, 1943)

===''GRUBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Grubb|Grubb, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6WK-K6N] - 1907(Qld)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 4DI Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1931); concrete labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1963); retired (Finch Hatton, 1968)
===''GRUMMITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Frederick Grummitt|Grummitt, Gilbert Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-FFD] - 1906(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4BS Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1929-1933; Hamilton, 1937-1939; Bulimba, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 531, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Fortitude Valley, 1928-1934; Hamilton, 1936-1937); boilermaker (Bulimba, 1949-1958)
===''GRUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hill Grundy|Grundy, Robert Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZP7-F78] - 1915(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5BG Murray Bridge (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 5BG Crystal Brook (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2010, 1937, SA; BOCP 175, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GUILDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Guildford|Guildford, Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-5BG] - 19??(Eng)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4AP Brisbane (Herston, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Sandgate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1342, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, publicity officer) - Electoral Rolls: advertisment writer (West End, Qld, 1934); copy writer (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1936-1949)

===''GUNDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thor Odin Gundersen|Gundersen (BDM) or Gunderson (Census), Thor Odin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHL8-F2W] - 1895(NZ)-1986(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 242, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Bondi, 1930-1931); radio officer (ss Fiona, 1943)
===''GUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Campbell Gunn|Gunn, Kenneth Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-X18] - 1911(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LG Laidley (1932-1937); 4LD Laidley (1937-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 884, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Callsigns: 4LG likely withdrawn for 4LG Longreach - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Laidley, Qld, 1937-1972)

===''GUNTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Eliot Gunter|Gunter, Norman Eliot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2WR-5VB] - 1912(Vic)-1943(At Sea) - Licences: 3NG Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 593, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 372, 1932; 1COCP 51, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (merchant navy, wireless operator) - Electoral Rolls: sales (Caulfield, 1935; Hawthorn, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1428541]
===''GURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Carlisle Gurner|Gurner, Reginald Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8S8] - 1905(SA)-1975(SA) - 5CZ Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); 5RG Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923-1928; Linden Park Gardens, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 31, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Linden Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GURR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Frederick Gurr|Gurr, Alan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-KJV] - 1904(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Geelong East (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geelong, 1926-1928; Belmont, 1931-1972)
* [[/George Henry Gurr|Gurr, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L46K-DBB] - 1896(SA)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 5GO Adelaide (Parafield, 1933); 3QH Melbourne (Stanmore, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1142, 1933, SA; 3COCP 185, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Parkville, Vic, 1926); ground engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1928); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954)

===''GUTTERIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frank Gutteridge|Gutteridge, Reginald Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNYP-KSN] - 1886(Tas)-1942(WA) - Licences: V759 Receive (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm manager (Marnoo, Vic, 1921); electrical engineer (Rupanyup, 1924-1927)

=='''H'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''HADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lionel Trimble Hadley|Hadley, Arthur Lionel Trimble &quot;Doc&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7ZX-G9Y] - 1900(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4AH Brisbane (Clifton Hill, 1930-1933; Dutton Park, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 636, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: signwriter (Taringa, 1921); salesman (Toowong, 1922-1925); motor assembler (Yeronga, 1929); radio mechanic (South Brisbane, 1937); technician (Annerley, 1949-1958); retired (Inala, 1958; Seven Hills, 1963)
===''HADLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Lindsay Hadlow|Hadlow, Martin Lindsay]] - radio clubs (NZDXRL, ARDXC, DXA), early wireless and broadcasting historian (Ph.D. Thesis,)

===''HAGARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neville Douglas Hagarty|Hagarty, Neville Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G38J-GBJ] - 1907(Qld)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster (on 4WH); radio club participant; business proprietor; pilot; federal public servant (DCA) - Relationships: brother of 4WH William Edward Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: woodworker (Hospital Hill, 1930)
* [[/William Edward Hagarty|Hagarty, William Edward &quot;Edward / Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G384-TL3] - 1905(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4WH Longreach (1925-1939); 4WH Townsville (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 172, 1925, No. 16 in Qld; 2COCP 271, 1939; 1COCP 309, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; engineer; postal employee (PMG); federal public servant (PMG) - Relationships: brother of Neville Douglas Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Longreach, 1930-1937); aeradio operator (Longreach, 1943); officer commanding aeradio station (Townsville, 1949-1954); communications officer (Townsville, 1958-1963; Mysterton, 1968)

===''HAI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pham Nhu Hai|Hai, Pham Nhu &quot;Hai&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), Director Broadcasting ITU-R
===''HAIGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bartin Robert Alfred Read Haigh|Haigh, Bartin Robert Alfred Read]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-J8B] - 1854(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: N752 Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2IA Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1930); poultry farmer (Seven Hills, 1933)
===''HAINES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Lewis Harrison Haines|Haines, Claude Lewis Harrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-8F6] - 1906(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5CH Millicent (1933-1937); 3QM Geelong (Belmont, 1938-1939); 5CH Mt Gambier (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1118, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Belmont, Vic, 1937); engine driver (Mt Gambier, SA, 1941-1943)

===''HALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl William Millar Hale|Hale, Carl William Millar &quot;William&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VR-TPL] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3GH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3GH Anglesea (1924-1931+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 120, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Elsternwick, 1924); architect (Hawthorn, 1958-1968; Malvern, 1977-1980)
===''HALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lovett Hall|Hall, Geoffrey Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDB-ZD3] - 1895(Tas)-1972(Tas) - Licences: Receive Waddamanna (1923-1924); 7GH Waddamanna (1925-1931+); 7GH Hobart (1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 137, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 85, 1937 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); engineer (New Town, 1936-1949)
* [[/Graham George Hall|Hall, Graham George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HN-Z89] - 1910(Vic)-1971(Eng) - Licences: 3WO Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931; Hawthorn, 1933); 2AGH Sydney (Five Dock, 1937; Strathfield, 1938-1939; Hurstville, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 482, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Auburn, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Abbotsford, 1937); engineer (Hurstville, 1949-1954; South Hurstville, 1958-1968)
* [[/Reginald Allen Hall|Hall, Reginald Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 539, 1929, No. ?? in ???? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. F. Hall|Hall, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3FH Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3FH Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Charles Hall|Hall, William Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BH Abermain (1930-1933); 2XT Abermain (1934-1936); 2XT Kurri Kurri (1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2XT Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1950-1965; Toronto, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 643, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Abermain, 1935; Kurri Kurri, 1937-1943); hotel licensee (Newcastle, 1949-1963); retired (Toronto, 1972; Carey Bay, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2BH licence withdrawn for 2BH Broken Hill commercial; Beware several contemporaneous WCH in Newcastle region
===''HALLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philpot Hallam|Hallam, William Philpot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MX-Y3J] - 1859(Tas)-1952(Vic) - Licences: XZH Hobart (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; PMGD Vic + Federal - Electoral Rolls: Nil
===''HALLIDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Fred Halliday|Halliday, Eric Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC26-L5B] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5FW Adelaide (Hectorville, 1935-1939; South Payneham, 1947-1969; Magill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1494, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Crystal Brook, 1939)

===''HALYDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Guyler Halyday|Halyday, James Guyler]] - 1904(Vic)-19??(???) - 4HZ Gympie (1939, 1946-1980+) , amateur operator (AOCP 2287, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ; Gympie ARC), military (WW2), employment (SEAQ linesman)

===''HAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilton Ham|Ham, George Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-P28] - 1905(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1923); 4GW Brisbane (Northgate, 1930-1931; Coorparoo, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 572, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (Toombul RC); employment (Chandlers) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1937; St Lucia, 1943-1968); retired (Jamboree Heights, 1972-1980)
* [[/Guildford Ham|Ham, Guildford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67H-W9Y] - 1906(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 101, 1937 - radio technician - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (South Brisbane, 1928-1937); radio technician (South Brisbane, 1943; Bald Hills, 1943; Annerley, 1954); technician (Wavell Heights, 1958-1963)
* [[/Thomas Edward Ham|Ham, Thomas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88F-R3P] - 1921(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4WX Brisbane (Chelmer, 1937-1939); 2AGA Sydney (Kogarah, 1946-1947; Carlton, 1948-1950; Sylvannia Heights, 1954-1975); 4AGT Buderim (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2056, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Sylvannia, 1954-1968); mechanic (Sylvannia, NSW, 1972-1977); retired (Buderim, 1980)
===''HAMILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Ormsby Hamilton|Hamilton, John William Ormsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MG65-XRC] - 1869(Tas)-1944(Eng) - Australian representative of Pacific Radio Telegraph Co and Marconi Telegraph Co, promoted a scheme to link Aus/NZ/Pacific Islands (rejected by Aus Gov 1909), migrated to England to work for Marconi, donated Ormsby Hamilton Radio Prize in memory of his father Thomas Ormsby Hamilton
===''HAMMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Harold Hammond|Hammond, John Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HP-67H] - 1875(NSW)-1932(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: barrister-at-law (Ashfield, 1913); barrister (Killara, 1930-1932)
* [[/Herbert Bowes Hammond|Hammond, Herbert Bowes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-2PK] - 1907(NSW)-1967(NSW) - 2NI Sydney (Chatswood, 1925; Epping, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928; Naremburn, 1929-1930), amateur operator (AOCP 64, 1925 01, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 895, 1925 12; 2COCP 318, 1931), amateur broadcaster

===''HANCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. A. Hancock|Hancock, C. A. or G. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V748 Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922); 3GU Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/D'Arcy Maxwell Hancock|Hancock, D'Arcy Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCG4-L3Y] - 1910(SA)-2017(SA)107yo - Licences: 5RJ Kadina (1927-1939, 1946-1960); 5RJ Adelaide (Mitchell Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 356, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kadina, 1947)

===''HANNAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hannam|Hannam, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G83F-J78] - 1913(NSW)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 2IR Sydney (Hurstville South, 1935-1937); 2IR Orange (1938-1939); Sydney (South Hurstville, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1472, 1935, Qld; BOCP 9, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hurstville, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Orange, 1943; Hurstville, 1949); engineer (Cheltenham, 1949-1954; Moorabbin, 1963)
* [[/Walter Henry Hannam|Hannam, Walter Henry &quot;Wally&quot; &quot;Wal&quot;, &quot;Doc&quot;, &quot;Fatty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273W-H9T] - 1885(NSW)-1965(NSW) - XQI Stamford, Qld (1911-1914); 2YH Sydney (Balmain, 1924; Mosman, 1924-1933; Willoughby, 1934-1939); 2AXH Terrigal (1954-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 27, 1924, No. 10 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; radio clubs (WIA NSW, first secretary 1910); wireless operator Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1912-1914) - Relationships: don't confuse with father William Henry Hannam of Hannams Ltd, engineers &amp; sheet metal workers - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Walter Henry Hannam|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/biography/hannam_walter.php Bio1]; [https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/people/walter-hannam/ Bio2]
===''HANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hansen|Hansen, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-45T] - 1914(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4FH Brisbane (Forest Hill, 1935-1939); 4SV Brisbane (Bulimba, 1948-1965; Carina, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1508, 1935, Qld; BOCP 1039, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, 1937, radio technician); state public servant (BCC, communications officer) - Relationships: father of Graham Hansen 4FV - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Forest Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); WT Operator (Wendouree, Vic, 1942); RAAF (Maryborough, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Carina, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''HARDGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Hardgrave|Hardgrave, Philip &quot;Pop&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMPF-XL5] - 1857(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4PH Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1150, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: oldest person in British Empire to obtain a full licence - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Wellington Point, 1916-1928)
===''HARDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Netherton Kilgour Hardie|Hardie, Bruce Netherton Kilgour]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ95-FMJ] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - 3YX Melbourne (Garden Vale, 1925-1933; City, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 49, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, WIA Vic, accountant
===''HARDISTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Hardisty|Hardisty, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-C4W] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DH Perth (Victoria Park, 1926-1939; West Perth, 1946-1948; Applecross, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 273, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Victoria Park, 1931-1943); radio mechanic (Applecross, 1954-1980)
===''HARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. R. Hardy|Hardy, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2RD Sydney (Glebe, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 187, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''HARKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dennis James Harkin|Harkin, Denis or Dennis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G45Q-9PH] - 1903(SA)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3YN Receive Melbourne (Prahran, 1923); 3KF Melbourne (Kensington, 1924-1925); 3YN Melbourne (Preston, 1924-1926); 4YN Bowen (1927); 3YN Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1931); 3YY Newport (1938); 6YN Pearce (1938); 3ADJ Melbourne (Prahran, 1946-1948; Middle Park, 1954-1956; Thornbury, 1960-1975); 4ADJ Maryborough (1980) - Qualifications: CPRT 782, 1923; 1COCP 280, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club participant (WIAQ); career military (RAAF); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Preston, Vic, 1926; Brunswick, Vic, 1931; Newport, 1937); RAAF (Clifton Hill, 1942); technician (Prahran, 1949; Albert Park, 1954); radio technician (Thornbury, 1963-1972); nil (Maryborough, 1977-1980)

===''HARLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Harlen|Harlen, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8MP-TWB] - 1884(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Sunnybank, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1908); fruit grower (Sunnybank, Qld, 1912-1949)

===''HARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Nicoll Harley|Harley, Gordon Nicoll]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-41H] - 1901(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: &quot;4AR Unlicensed&quot; Ipswich (1926-1928); 4GH Ipswich (1928-1933); 4GH Didcott (1937-1939); 4GH Maryborough (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 385, 1928, No. 43 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (radio manufacture); employment (school teacher); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Brassall, 1925); school teacher (Didcot, 1936-1943); teacher (Maryborough, 1949); school teacher (Maryborough, 1954-1980)

===''HARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Harmer|Harmer, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRTY-KHZ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4XW Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Camp Hill, 1954-1956; Coorparoo, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1301, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIAQ); telephone technician (PMGD); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1954); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''HARRANTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wolf Harranth|Harranth, Wolf]] - 1941(Austria)-2021(Austria) - Licences: OE1WHC Austria - curator of Dokufunk, host of the world's largest collection of amateur radio and broadcast QSLs; amateur radio operator; broadcast announcer; historian (amateur radio, broadcasting); children's book author; translator - provided the core of the WIA QSL collection
===''HARRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Harris|Harris, Alfred Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY1-F4K] - 1900(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3CH Birchip (1926-1939; 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: AOCP 303, 1926, No. ?? in Vic -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, class B licence? - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ouyen, 1924); electrical engineer (Birchip, 1925-1954; Power Station, Ouyen, 1963)
* [[/Ross Clifford Harris|Harris, Ross Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y2-DZF] - 1917(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5FL Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1939; Malvern, 1947-1948; Hawthorn, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1651, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Valentine Harms Harris|Harris, Valentine Harms]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PM-FDM] - 1909(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6NL Perth (Shenton Park, 1935-1939; Applecross,  1947-1969); 6NL Denmark (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1579, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 6YL Ruth Victoria Harris nee Longley - Electoral Rolls: garage employee (Subiaco, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); mechanic (Applecross, WA, 1949-1972)
===''HARRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Lionel Carr Harrison|Harrison, Percival Lionel Carr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-VDC] - 1912(WA)-2001(WA) - Licences: 6LH Perth (Claremont, 1937-1939; Armadale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1909, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Claremont, WA, 1936-1937); civil servant (Armadale, WA, 1943-1980)

===''HARRISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Harriss|Harriss, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8HN-THZ] - 1873(Eng)-1932(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Longreach Radio Club), business proprietor (Jackson &amp; Harriss) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Longreach, 1930) - Relationships: father of Dorothy Winnifred Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss
* [[/Dorothy Winnifred Harriss|Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGYC-3CP] - 1905(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4DH Longreach (1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 573, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); first YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: typist (Longreach, 1930); home duties (Longreach, 1936-1943; Warwick, 1949; Toowoomba, 1954-1977; Macgregor, 1980) - Relationships: daughter of Alfred George Harriss
===''HARRISSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harrisson|Harrisson, Charles &quot;Snowy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-VK3] - 1908(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1933); 3CN Shepparton (1937-1939); 7CH Hobart (Moonah, 1954-1960); 7CH Burnie (1965); 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 348, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of Charles Turnbull Harrisson, biologist in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Shepparton, 1936-1949); bank manager (Moonah, 1954)

===''HARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie William Harston|Harston, Leslie William or William Leslie &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQD-XVY] - 1897(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1932-1939, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 903, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (art shop) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Clayfield, Qld, 1921-1943); no occupation (Holland Park, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''HART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Samuel Hart|Hart, Augustus Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CMQ-4CP] - 1890(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 57, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Watchem, Vic, 1912; Glen Thompson, 1913); wireless engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1936-1937); wireless operator (Esperance, 1943); telegraphist (Darwin, 1949); wireless officer (Moonee Ponds, 1963-1968; Essendon, 1972)
* [[/James Claude Hoyte John Hart|Hart, James Claude Hoyte John &quot;Hoyte John&quot;, &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWC-W4C] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2HO Sydney (Manly, 1928-1931; Roseville, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; St Ives East, 1957-1975; Manly, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 410, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 4622, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1933-1954; St Ives, 1958-1963); retired (St Ives, 1968-1977; Manly, 1980)
* [[/Norman Victor Hart|Hart, Norman Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNK3-TXW] - 1908(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4KO Booval (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 760, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIA, Ipswich RC); engineer - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Booval, 1932-1937); grocer (Booval, 1943-1949); radio technician (Booval, 1954-1972; East Ipswich, 1977-1980)

===''HARVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. C. L. Harvey|Harvey, B. C. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAC Melbourne (Port Melbourne, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edward Rossiter Harvey|Harvey, Edward Rossiter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBP-BK8] - 1918(WA)-2009(Qld) - Licences: 6RG Perth (Scarborough, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4RK Surfers Paradise (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2041, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Leederville, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1943); newsagent (Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); shopkeeper (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1963); proprietor (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Mermaid Waters, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Manning Herbert Harvey|Harvey, Manning Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZGG-LFZ] - 1887(Tas)-1932(Tas) - Licences: XZC Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1914-1928)

===''HASKARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Geoffrey Haskard|Haskard, Reginald Geoffrey &quot;Geoff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-S35] - 1906(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Jamestown, 1923-1924); 5RH Adelaide (Jamestown, 1927-1931; North Adelaide, 1933; Malvern, 1937-1939; Helmsdale, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1975; West Beach, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 316, 1927, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1558, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retreader (Malvern, 1939-1941); wireless operator (Malvern, 1943)

===''HATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Westrop Henry Hatfield|Hatfield, Westrop Henry &quot;West&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-VF5] - 1909(Vic)-1998(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)
===''HATTAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Hattam|Hattam, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZV-QDL] - 1906(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3HW Castlemaine (1929-1939); 3BAL Castlemaine (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 541, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 410, 1941 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Castlemaine, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Castlemaine, 1954-1967); engineer (Castlemaine, 1968-1972)

===''HAWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haworth|Haworth, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G823-JT3] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences Q737 Receive Qld (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ironside Estate, 1917); mechanic (Taringa, 1921-1928); lineman (North Tmborine, 1931); electrical mechanic (Eagle Heights, 1936; Toowong, 1937); telephone mechanic (Bundaberg, 1943-1949); technician (Toowong, 1954-1972); retired (Caloundra, 1977-1980)
===''HAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edgar Cecil Hawson|Hawson, Thomas Edgar Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-ZV9] - 1916(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Ipswich (Woodend, 1937-1939; East Ipswich, 1947-1948); 4CH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1969; Salisbury, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2016, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: agent (Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (East Ipswich, Qld, 1949); storekeeper (Windsor, Qld, 1954; Yeronga, Qld, 1958; Salisbury, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''HAYMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Inglis Hayman|Hayman, William George Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-CX1] - 1897(Eng)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6BG Perth (Claremont, 1925); 6GH Perth (Claremont, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist; educator - Electoral Rolls: lecturer (Claremont, 1922-1929); engineer (Claremont, 1931-1954); civil servant (Claremont, 1958-1968) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hayman-william-george-12971 ADB]
===''HAYNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Lot Henry Haynes|Haynes, Bruce Lot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC44-8M4] - 1898(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2YA Armidale (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Armidale, 1930-1936); poultry farmer (West Pennant Hills, 1943-1958)
* [[/Thomas Ambrose John Haynes|Haynes, Thomas Ambrose John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSC5-WXM] - 1902(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5AY Adelaide (Black Forest Estate, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 835, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Black Forest, 1939-1943)

===''HAZLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett|Hazlett, Royce Stanley Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXX4-F38] - 1932(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4ZRH Brisbane (Wellers Hill, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOLCP 1159, 1961, Qld - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4EO Stanley Albert Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1963); electrical contractor (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1968-1972); contractor (Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Stanley Albert Hazlett|Hazlett, Stanley Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC33-RH7] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4EO Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 4ZRH Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, Qld, 1925-1928); buyer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''HEARPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Hearps, David Edward]] - See David Edward Vaughan (assumed change of name)

===''HEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Harry Heath|Heath, Allan Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y4-4DT] - 1914(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5ZX Adelaide (Prospect Park, 1934-1939; Highgate, 1947-1956; Brighton, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1369, 1934, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''HEATHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Heathers|Heathers, Cyril John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XN-NG9] - 1909(Eng)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2GZ Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1934); 2UA Sydney (Bankstown, 1935-1939; Artarmon, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 615, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Bankstown, 1930-1943); telephone engineer (Artarmon, 1949-1968); engineer (Artarmon, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2GZ callsign likely withdrawn by PMGD for 2GZ Orange commercial

===''HEILBRONN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Heilbronn|Heilbronn, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJHL-PW3] - 1894(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4GG Chinchilla (1929-1939); 4GG Yarraman (1946-1955); 4GG Crows Nest (1956); 4GG Millmerran (1960); 4GG Brisbane (Wynnum, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 565, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Qld Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fireman (Chinchilla, 1925-1937); locomotive driver (Yarraman, 1954); engine driver (Millmerran, 1943-1958); retired (Wynnum, 1963-1968) 
===''HEINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Heine|Heine, John Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VS-V1F] - 1908(Tas)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 7JK Hobart (City, 1927; Bellerive, 1931); 4JX Brisbane (City, 1933; Ascot, 1935; Kangaroo Point, 1937; Mowbray Park, 1938-1939); 3JF Melbourne (Beaumaris) (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 355, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, 1934; Norman Park, 1937); engineer (Brighton, 1949); representative (Beaumaris, 1954-1980)
===''HEINRICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Latimer Heinrich|Heinrich, William Latimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG5-S7Y] - 1917(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5HR Bute (1934-1939); 5HR Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1376, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmhand (Bute, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HEITSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry John Keith Heitsch|Heitsch, Henry John Keith or Heinrich Johann]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CV-QYP] - 1907(Vic)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 3HK Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1939, 1947-1975); 4AHK Scarness (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 516, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano fitter (Mitcham, 1931-1954); technician (Mitcham, 1963-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1980)

===''HELLAWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Herbert Hellawell|Hellawell, Francis Herbert &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK5G-478] - 1885(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur radio clubs (member, WIQ); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, 1913-1914; Coorparoo, 1919; East Annerley, 1925; Annerley, 1929-1934); clerk (Brisbane City, 1937); no occupation (Beachmere, 1943-1949; Annerley, 1954-1958)
===''HELLYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leicester Henry Hellyer|Hellyer, Leicester Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KFNW-BTC] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LS Sydney (Rockdale, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 600, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Rockdale, 1930-1933; Manly, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936-1937; Willoughby, 1943; Artarmon, 1949-1963; Newport, 1968-1977)

===''HENDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Henderson|Henderson, Frederick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-XRX] - 1891(Eng)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 208, 1916 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/S. A. Henderson|Henderson, S. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JN Adelaide (Walkerville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HENNESSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] - 1896(Qld)-19?? - 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld), fourth YL operator in Qld
===''HENRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Geddes Henry|Henry, Arthur Geddes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4QW-K9Z] - 1907(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK Sydney (Sandringham, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 494, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Sandringham, NSW, 1930-1937); engineer (San Souci, 1949-1963; Northbridge, 1968)
* [[/Clement John Henry|Henry, Clement John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6T-RPC] - 1905(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Uralla (1923); 2CH Uralla (1924-1929); 2UR Uralla (1930-1939); 2UR Blakehurst (1946); 2UR Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1948-1957; Pymble, 1958-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 85, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Withdrawal: 2CH callsign withdrawn in 1930 for 2CH Sydney - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Uralla, 1930-1937); electrical fitter (RAAF Richmond, 1943); technician (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954; Pymble, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Edwin Henry|Henry, John Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL6B-GD6] - 1868(Vic)-1933(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Receive Mt Alford via Boonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: baker (Gundy, NSW, 1913); farmer (Boonah, Qld, 1917-1921); storekeeper (Mt Alford, Qld, 1922-1926); baker (Dayboro, Qld, 1928; Wondai, Qld, 1931)
* [[/Raymond Cherrington Henry|Henry, Raymond Cherrington &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-C1Y] - 1894(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5CY Cook (1935-1939); 5RY Adelaide (Goodwood, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1421, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: Son, also named RCH, passed in WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HENWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Franklin Henwood|Henwood, Ralph Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89X-CF6] - 1912(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6RL Perth (North Perth, 1930-1933; Claremont, 1937); 6RL Northam (1946-1948); 2AXA Sydney (Rose Bay, 1960-1961); 6RL Perth (Claremont, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 720, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 2, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio serviceman (Claremont, 1936); radio operator (6AM) (Northam, 1937); radio technician (Northam, 1943-1949; Claremont, 1954); technician (Bellevue Hill, 1958; Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977)

===''HEPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Dean Hepton|Hepton, William Dean &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRBB-VN5] - 1898(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4WD Brisbane (Milton, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 918, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, instructor 1932-1935) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1921; Milton, Qld, 1925-1963)

===''HERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Kinross Herd|Herd, James Kinross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-YSQ] - 1901(Vic)-1963(Vic) - 3JK Baccus Marsh (1924-1927), 3JK Wangaratta (1933-1939, 1946-1956), 3JK Mornington (1960), amateur operator (AOCP 36, 1924, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''HERSCHEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Victor Herschel|Herschel, Henry Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4N6-76H] - 1902(Qld)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4UK Cairns (1929-1931); 4UK Toowoomba (1933); 4UK Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 564, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1925; Cairns, 1930; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937)- Comment: Passed too soon

===''HESKETH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hesketh|Hesketh, John]] - 1868(Eng)-1917(Vic) - early wireless experimenter, senior state public servant (Qld electrical engineer), senior federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer), military (Royal Engineers, Eng; Qld Defence Force, lieutenant)

===''HEWITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Hewitt|Hewitt, Archibald John &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DZ-TNY] - 1910(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939); 5XK Kingscote (1946-1948); 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1954; College Park, 1955-1956; Lucindale, 1960; Semaphore, 1965-1969; Ottaway, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 582, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Kingscote, 1939-1941)
* [[/Clarence Richard Hewitt|Hewitt, Clarence Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6D1-718] - 1900(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Brisbane (Rosalie, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1919); student (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1921-1926); moulder (Rosalie, Qld, 1928); carpenter (Rosalie, Qld, 1936-1943; Indooroopilly, Qld, 1949); hotel manager (Indooroopilly, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Horace Thomas Hewitt|Hewitt, Horace Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MN6S-JBL] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PD Brisbane (Moorooka, 1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2377, 1939, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Hodgson, Qld, 1925; Bowen, Qld, 1930); mechanic (Roma, Qld, 1936-1937); turner (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Thomas George Hewitt|Hewitt, Thomas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-PLM] - 1900(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 4TH Cairns (1937-1939); 2LH Lismore (1946-1961); 2ATG Lennox Head (1955-1961) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Cairns, Qld, 1930-1943; Lismore, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''HIAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Charles Hiam|Hiam, Robert Charles &quot;Charles&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VCT-14T] - 1888(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: XLD Melbourne (Balaclava, 1913-1914); 3LW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1931; Caulfield North, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 174, 1915 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: tailor (St Kilda, 1913-1928; Caulfield, 1931-1968); retired (Beaumaris, 1972-1980)

===''HICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Joseph Hicks|Hicks, Henry Joseph &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QG-RRR] - 1913(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 1HH Macquarie Island (1955-1956); 4HG Willis Island (1963); 9HG Lae, New Guinea (1965-1969); 4HG Tolga (1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 2468, 1941, Qld; 1COCP 784, 1944 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: letterpress machinist (Cairns, 1936-1937); printer (Newtown, 1943); radio officer (Broome, 1963); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1972); retired (Tolga, 1977-1980) - Awards: BEM (1958, Officer in Charge, Radio Weather Reporting Station, Willis Islets)

===''HIGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Gordon Conway Higgins|Higgins, John Gordon Conway &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD45-FKK] - 1884(NSW)-1963(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 29, 1914 - wireless telegraphist, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Perth, 1910-1912); radio engineer (Prahran, 1925-1927); manufacturer (St Kilda, Vic, 1934-1937); soldier (Caulfield, 1942); military duties (South Yarra, 1949); retired (Dromana, 1954; Sorrento, 1963)

===''HILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Edward Hilder|Hilder, Henry Edward]] - 1919(???)-1984(Qld) - 4HH Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1946-1948; Nudgee, 1954-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, AIF Signals), employment (Brisbane Fire Brigade, communications), (Halcyon says AOCP Brisbane 1936 but no record)
===''HILDYARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol David Hildyard|Hildyard, Athol David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-TBD] - 1919(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7DH Hobart (City, 1936-1939, 1948; Montagu Bay, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1735, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; 1AOCP 50, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcast technician (Hobart South, 1943-1949); radio engineer (Montagu Bay, 1954)
===''HILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Wyatt Hill|Hill, Alfred Wyatt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Y-5VM] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Arthur Stanley Hill|Hill, Arthur Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-FRC] - 1906(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6AH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1985, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Husband of 6MH Mary Lilian Hill nee - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Wiluna, WA, 1931); engineer (Wiluna, WA, 1936-1949); business manager (Wiluna, WA, 1954-1963); retired (West Busselton, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/Frederick John Hill|Hill, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-1J5] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TY Kurri Kurri (1929-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 500, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: colliery employee (Pelaw Main, 1930; Stanford Merthyr, 1934; Kurri Kurri, 1936-1937); winding driver (Kurri Kurri, 1968)
* [[/Mary Lilian XXXX|Hill nee , Mary Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-JZY] - 1906(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6MH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6MH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1976, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 6AH Arthur Stanley Hill - Electoral Rolls:

===''HILLHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Reid Hillhouse|Hillhouse, James or James Reid]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-YZJ] - 1907(Sct)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4ZO Collinsville (1933-1939, 1947-1975); 4ZO Bowen (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1115, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coal miner (Collinsville, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Gladstone, Qld, 1977)

===''HILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Hilton|Hilton, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPR-P1K] - 1876(???)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XEQ Sydney (St Leonards, 1913-1914); 2BA Receive Sydney (Crows Nest, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Newtown, 1903); postmaster (Stockton, 1930-1932; Kurri Kurri, 1934-1936); retired (Long Jetty, 1943-1949)

===''HINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Hine|Hine, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBY-3SZ] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2QL Sydney (Campsie, 1935-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Homebush, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1434, 1935, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Campsie, 1930-1931; Temora, 1932-1935); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1936-1937; Concord, 1943); radio officer (Homebush, 1954-1958; Strathfield West, 1968; Homebush, 1977-1980)

===''HIPWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Anson Le Hunt Hipwell|Hipwell, Ronald Anson Le Hunt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HJ-SMM] - 1902(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Swan Hill (1929-1933); 2ACD Broken Hill (1937-1939); 3ACD Melbourne (Dromana, 1955-1956); 5AJ Port Augusta (1960-1965); 3AEI Melbourne (Dromana, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 486, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 140, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1925); electrical engineer (Swan Hill, 1931); radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1935-1943); radio electrical fitter (Dromana, 1949-1954); retired (Dromana, 1972)

===''HIRSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jacob Alexander Hirsch|Hirsch or Deerson, Jacob or Jakob Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWZX-RZ3] - 1896(Aus)-1979(Aus) - Licences: 2AE Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Oatley, 1930-1937); clerk (Canberra, 1949); no occupation (Pambula Beach, 1954-1972; Merimbula, 1977)
===''HITCHCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leith Fuller Hitchcock|Hitchcock, Leith Fuller]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWC-Y61] - 1897(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4LH Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1931-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bacteriologist (Wooloowin, 1921-1936); research officer (Wooloowin, 1943-1949)

===''HOAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. M. Hoad|Hoad, C. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 319, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - Individual not yet identified
===''HOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Cecil Hoar|Hoar, John Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVKW-HND] - 1900(Eng)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6OR Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1939; Mosman Park, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 786, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Barracks, Fremantle, WA, 1925-1931; East Fremantle, WA, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, WA, 1949-1963)

===''HOARE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Hoare|Hoare, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99K-6N4] - 1895(NSW)-1975(NSW) - 2PH Gosford (1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 82, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, railway signalman
* [[/Pierce Mark Hoare|Hoare, Pierce Mark]] - 1895(NSW)-1988(NSW) - 2SL Lismore (1934-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1227, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Richmond River Listeners' League)

===''HOBART-DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Hobart-Duff, William Vere see Duff, William Vere Hobart]]
===''HOBCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hurtle Horace Hobcroft|Hobcroft, Hurtle Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-G5T] - 1899(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5RE Adelaide (West Brunswick, 1928); 5RE Renmark (1931-1939, 1946-1956); 5RE Adelaide (Linden Park, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 420, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Relationships: Father of Rex Kelvin Hobcroft - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlton North, 1925-1926; Brunswick West, 1928); horticulturalist (Renmark, 1939-1943)

===''HOBLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Forde Hobler|Hobler, Cecil Forde]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Barcaldine, 1928) - Relationships: cousin of 4DO Harold Learmonth Hobler?
* [[/Harold Learmonth Hobler|Hobler, Harold Learmonth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKZ-8N1] - 1906(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 1217 Rockhampton (1921-1924); 4DO Receive Rockhampton (1923); 4DO Rockhampton (1925-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 110, 1925, No. 12 in Qld; CPRT 1003, 1928 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, JOTA); business proprietor (picture theatre), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1930-1937); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1943); soldier (Bulimba, 1943); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1949); theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1958-1963); property owner (Rockhampton North, 1968-1977) - Relationships: cousin of Cecil Forde Hobler?

===''HODDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Hodder|Hodder, Clarence William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLK-ZRC] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5LY Adelaide (Parkside, 1934-1939, 1947; Bridgewater, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1354, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HODDINOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Hoddinott|Hoddinott, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4Q-3X7] - 1886(Vic)-1972(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Eagle Junction, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockville Estate, Toowoomba, Qld, 1908; Toowoomba, Qld, 1912; Sandgate, Qld, 1919; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1921-1943; West End, 1949); retired (Tamborine Mountain, Qld, 1958-1963; Hendra, Qld, 1968)

===''HODGKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Charles Hodgkinson|Hodgkinson, Francis Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBM-J4S] - 1906(???)-1977(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: jeweller's assistant (Ulverstone, 1928-1949); watchmaker (Ulverstone, 1954)

===''HODSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Hodson|Hodson, Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-DV2] - 1890(SA)-1917(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 145, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hoe|Hoe, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS4Q-CSG] - 1886(Vic)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer; business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Father of 4FO Fred Hoe - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fortitude Valley, Qld, 1913; Yeronga, Qld, 1916-1919); manager (Yeronga, Qld, 1921-1972)
* [[/Fred Hoe|Hoe, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G796-MWK] - 1913(Vic)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4FO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1933-1939; Annerley, 1946-1954) -  Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 53, 1931; AOCP 1188, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Edgar V. Hudson); business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Son of Frederick Hoe - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Yeronga, Qld, 1936-1937); general manager (Annerley, Qld, 1949); business manager (Salisbury, Qld, 1954); manager (Buranda, Qld, 1954-1963; Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968); company director (Holland Park West, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''HOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hogg|Hogg, Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TCR] - 1908(Eng)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6SG Harvey (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1382, 1934, WA; BOCP 142, 1938; 2COCP 240, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: milk tester (Harvey, WA, 1930-1937); radio operator (AAMS Wireless Station, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949); aircraft engineer (Kewdale, WA, 1954-1968; Belmont, WA, 1972); retired (Coodanup, WA, 1977; Mandurah, WA, 1980)

===''HOLLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Evan Holland|Holland, Albert John Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-VBH] - 1896(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 12, 1924, No. 3 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 3JH Frank Henry James Holland - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925; Essendon, 1926); engineer (Essendon, 1928-1931; Camberwell, 1936-1954); nil (Nunawading, 1963)
* [[/Frank Henry James Holland|Holland, Frank Henry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-S1W] - 1899(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 596, 1920 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well placed in Trans-Pacific Tests 1923 despite inferior equipment - Relationships: brother of 3JH Albert John Evan Holland - Electoral Rolls: wireless instructor (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925); boot repairer (Essendon, 1926-1928); labourer (North Essendon, 1931); boot repairer (Olinda, 1934-1943); postal clerk (Sandringham, 1949); clerk (Heidelberg, 1954-1968)
* [[/Ronald Weymouth Holland|Holland, Ronald Weymouth &quot;Ron&quot;]] - 1914(???)-1983(Qld) - 4AQ Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 2392, 1939, No. ?? in Qld)
===''HOLLOWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hart Holloway|Holloway, William Hart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-HRT] - 1876(Eng)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 20, 1914; 1COCP 41, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Brunswick, Vic, 1909; Whitemark, Flinders Island, 1914-1919); wireless operator (Broome, 1918-1922); O.J.C. Radio (Camberwell, 1924-1926); radio officer (Thursday Island, 1928); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Emita, Flinders Island, 1936-1937); farmer (Lady Barron, 1943-1949)

===''HOLST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Owen Holst|Holst, Arnold Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-ZPD] - 1898(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: XPH Melbourne (Caulfield, 1913-1914); 3OH Melbourne (Toorak, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY); electrician - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: sharebroker (Camberwell, 1922-1934; Toorak, 1935-1972)
* [[/Hector James Holst|Holst, Hector James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-X23] - 1903(Vic)-1954(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1954) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1925-1954)
* [[/Otto Holst|Holst, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-2M7] - 1906(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1955-1967) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 79, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY) - took over 3BY callsign after passing of brother Hector James Holst in 1954 - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Caulfield, 1928-1963)
===''HOLT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Molineux Holt|Holt, Bernard Molineux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQR-MJP] - 1883(NZ)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - president WIA WA; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA WA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1910-1914; Osborne, 1917-1954)

===''HOMBERG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. G. Homberg|Homberg, S. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3RG Melbourne (Malvern, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morten Honnor|Honnor, John Morten]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNV-ZM6] - 1900(SA)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 5AE Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 192, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1941); RAAF (Ballarat, Vic, 1942); instructor (Hampton, 1949; Bentleigh, 1954-1980)

===''HOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Hamilton Hood|Hood, John George Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G772-RK8] - 1904(NSW)-1971(Vic) - 3BP Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922); 3BP Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1933; Toorak, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 182, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (East St Kilda, 1925-1931); draughtsman (Toorak, 1934-1937; Malvern, 1943-1967)

===''HOOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel George Alfred Hooke|Hooke, Lionel George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NK-KDV] - 1895(Vic)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 3M? Melbourne - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 529, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator (Aurora, 1914, support Shackleton's expedition), radio clubs (IRE Aust), business (AWA, senior management), honours (knighted, 1937) - Electoral Rolls: wireless (Brighton, Vic, 1921-1927); business manager (Neutral Bay, 1933); manager (Killara, NSW, 1936-1972) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hooke-sir-lionel-george-alfred-10536 ADB]

===''HOOKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Theodore Hooker|Hooker, Walter Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1W-QB5] - 1901(St Kitts)-1949(Tas) - Licences: 7JH Hobart (New Town, 1933-1939); 7JH Waddamanna (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1161, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart North, 1922); electrical engineer (New Town, 1928); electrician (New Town, 1936); engineer (Waddamanna, 1937-1943)

===''HOOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Wallbank Hooper|Hooper, Allan Wallbank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8M-VJG] - 1898(SA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 432, 1919; 2COCP 8, 1929; 1COCP 127, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: unemployed (Manly, NSW, 1949); telegraphist (Little Bay, NSW, 1949; Yarra Bay, NSW, 1954-1958)

===''HOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyndsay Arthur Hope|Hope, Lyndsay Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYX-575] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Tas) - Licences: 7LA Launceston (1925-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 188, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; WW2; gave up experimental callsign for use by his Class B licence, 7LA Launceston - Relationships: brother of 7RS Ronald Springfield Hope - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Launceston, 1928); bank officer (Ulverstone, 1936); accountant (Scottsdale, 1949; Bridport, 1954-1972)
* [[/Ronald Springford Hope|Hope, Ronald Springford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTCW-PDG] - 1909(Tas)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 7RS Launceston (1926-1927); 7RS Hobart (City, 1931; Sandy Bay, 1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 263, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 75, 1932; ROCP N1832, 1976 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (designed &amp; constructed transmission systems for 7HO Hobart &amp; 7UV Ulverstone); later employed by STC England - Relationships: brother of 7LA Lyndsay Arthur Hope - Electoral Rolls: broadcast engineer (Queensborough, Tas, 1936); not specified (Finchley, Eng, 1936-1938); engineer (Thornleigh, NSW, 1949-1954); company director (Beecroft, NSW, 1958-1980)
===''HOPKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alfred Hopkins|Hopkins, Edward Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM4D-3QJ] - 1902(Tas)-1992(NSW) - Licences: Receive Moonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 4858, 1964 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Moonah, 1928); engineer (Milson's Point, 1936-1943); electrical engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1949-1954); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1958-1980)

===''HORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin John Horan|Horan, Kevin John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-FTZ] - 1912(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5DQ Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1931; Unley, 1933); 2AJU Broken Hill (1938-1939); 5DQ Adelaide (Flinders Park, 1947-1960; Grange, 1965-1969); 3ZD Melbourne (Glen Waverley, 1975); 5IT Adelaide (Fulham, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 672, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clovelly, NSW, 1943); manager (Glen Waverley, 1972-1977)

===''HORN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Horn|Horn, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS41-9K4] - 1909(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Tara (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2021, 1937, Qld; BOCP 578, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Somerset Dam, Qld, 1936-1937; Baralba, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); medical practitioner (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Irvan James Horn|Horn, Irvan James or James Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-GB6] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6JH Perth (City, 1928, 1937-1939); 3HX Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 427, 1928, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 29, 1935; 1COCP, 127, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Perth, WA, 1936-1937); wireless officer (Subiaco, WA, 1943); electrical contractor (Subiaco, WA, 1949); contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1949); electrical contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1963); retired (West Perth, WA, 1977; Subiaco, WA, 1980)
===''HORROCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Samuel Blake Horrocks|Horrocks, George Samuel Blake]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF94-19M] - 1911(WA)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 6GS Harvey (1932-1939, 1947-1948); 6GS Wagin (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 919, 1932, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1154, 1950; TVOCP 61, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Harvey, WA, 1936-1949); radio technician (Mt Lawley, WA, 1954); technician (Bentleigh North, Vic, 1963)

===''HOSKEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Dryden Hosken|Hosken, Arthur John Dryden]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6KH-BX8] - 1889(Eng)-1966(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 727, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Williamstown, 1914-1919); Amalgamated Wireless (Darwin, 1922)
* [[/Stanley Victor Hosken|Hosken, Stanley Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HWQ-MGG] - 1894(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3MP Receive Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3MP Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923-1924; Surrey Hills, 1925-1933; Broadmeadows, 1934-1939; St Albans, 1946-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1965; Mitcham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 6, 1924, No. 2 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (3AR, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hawthorn, 1919-1924); electrical engineer (Surrey Hills, Vic, 1925-1931); senior mechanic PMGD (3AR station, Broadmeadows, 1936-1937); civil servant (3AR Station, St Albans, 1942-1954); nil (Hawthorn, 1963-1967; Mitcham, 1968)
===''HOSKING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Piere Hosking|Hosking, Aubrey Piere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYV-D7R] - 1891(South Africa)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 376, 1918; 1COCP 117, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Townsville, 1919); telegraphist (South Yarra, Vic, 1921-1922); radio telegraphist (Canterbury, Vic, 1924); sales manager (Canterbury, Vic, 1925-1926; Balwyn, Vic, 1928; Lindfield, NSW, 1930-1963)
===''HOSKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stark Hoskins|Hoskins, John Stark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61K-FZ3] - 1891(NZ)-1987(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 147, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Claremont, WA, 1929)

===''HOWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Earl Stephen Howard|Howard, Earl Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMV-XQL] - 1895(Tas)-1938(Vic) - Licences: 7ET Hobart (Moonah, 1928-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 470, 1928, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922; Moonah, 1928-1936)
===''HOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Maxwell Howden|Howden, John Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH2L-7LN] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: 3ZCH Melbourne (Burwood, 1956; Box Hill 1960-1975); 3BQX Melbourne (Box Hill, 1980+) -  Qualifications: AOLCP 187, 1956; AOCP V610, 1979 - amateur operator - Relationships: son of 3BQ Walter Francis Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Walter Francis Maxwell Howden|Howden, Walter Francis Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G43K-1TC] - 1899(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: No 19 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1920); V140 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1921); 3BQ Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3BQ Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1927; Canterbury, 1928-1939 &amp; 1946-1975+); 3ABQ Melbourne (portable, &quot;Canterbury&quot;, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 114, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, first to QSO USA; first to QSO England, first on telegraphy, then telephony; journalist (Listener In); Bright Star Crystals 1930s-1950s; QSLs: substantial portion of QSL collection survives at NFSA (1800+) - Relationships: father of 3ZCH/3BQX John Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls: student (Box Hill, 1924-1927); wireless engineer (Ringwood, 1928); engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1954) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199611.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199612.pdf EA2]
===''HOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph Howe|Howe, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD83-QNG] - 1886(Irl)-1949(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 117, 1915; 1COCP 15, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Pinkenba, Qld, 1919; Moonah, Tas, 1922; New Town, Tas, 1928-1943)
* [[/Raymond Raine Howe|Howe, Raymond Raine &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHH-KJN] - 1919(Qld)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 4RH Bundaberg (1936-1939); 2ARH Sydney (Vaucluse, 1946-1955; Epping, 1956-1960); 3YH Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1812, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; 3AIR 1009, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); military (RAAF, career, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: Wireless Operator (Richmond, NSW, 1943); RAAF (Vaucluse, NSW, 1949); RAAF officer (Campbell, ACT, 1963); RAAF (Syndal, Vic, 1967); RAAF officer (Dickson, ACT, 1972-1977); retired (Narrawallee, NSW, 1980)

===''HOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Montague Howlett|Howlett, Arthur Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPZ-NWZ] - 1882(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 130, 1915; 2COCP 253, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Esperance, 1916); warrant officer R.A.N.R.S. (Thursday Island, 1919); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1925-1931; Clayfield, Qld, 1936); wireless operator (Clayfield, 1943-1954); retired (Clayfield, Qld, 1958)

===''HUBSHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lassalle Paul Hubsher|Hubscher or Hubsher, Lassalle Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWF-8DP] - 1913(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4UL Brisbane (Bulimba, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1578, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; Evans Deakin engineering - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); draftsman (Annerley, 1943-1968)

===''HUDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Hudson|Hudson, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4BR-1P4] - 1895(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XBO Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1913-1914); 2PO Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923); 2AR Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1922-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 18, 1924, No. 8 in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1963) - Comment: beware, several contemporaneous WHHs

===''HUEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Meredyth Huey|Huey, Richard Meredyth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WP-Y1Z] - 1913(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2HU Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1931; Cronulla, 1933-1937); 3UE Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1938-1939); 2AHU Sydney (Sylvania, 1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 437, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Cronulla, 1935-1937); army officer (Melbourne, 1943); engineer (West Pennant Hills, 1949; Pennant Hills, 1954; Edgecliff, 1958-1963; Sylvania, 1977-1980); retired (Mittagong, 1980)

===''HUGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Roy Huggins|Huggins, David Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDW3-LXL] - 1892(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: organ builder (Petersham, 1913); piano maker (Neutral Bay, 1930-1968); builder (Cremorne, 1972)
===''HUGHES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Alan Hughes|Hughes, Clive Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MV-3XQ] - 1900(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3CA Ararat (1927); 3CA Melbourne (Williamstown, 1931-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 343, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Williamstown, 1924-1928); schoolmaster (Williamstown, 1936-1963)
* [[/George Herbert Hughes|Hughes, George Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-4JB] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4HU Brisbane (Windsor, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1929, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: store keeper (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1937); branch manager (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); technician (Tarragindi, Qld, 1963-1980)
===''HUGO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald William Stuart Hugo|Hugo, Ronald William Stuart or Stewart (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-CLZ] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KW Perth (Subiaco, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Floreat Park, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2081, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Subiaco, WA, 1931-1934); salesman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1963); manager (Floreat Park, WA, 1968-1977)

===''HULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Galbraith Hull|Hull, Allan Galbraith &quot;Braith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-PTY] - 1905(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - journalist (Wireless Weekly, editor; Radio and Hobbies, editor 1939; Australasian Radio World, editor 1940-1950) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; 3JU Ross Amos Hull - Electoral Rolls: sales (St Kilda, Vic, 1926-1927); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1931); journalist (Northbridge, NSW, 1934; Bondi, NSW, 1935-1936); engineer (Rose Bay, 1937); manager (Malvern, 1942); journalist (Mornington, 1949); publisher (Sandringham, 1954); printer (Oakleigh, 1958-1963; Chadstone, 1967-1968; Glen Iris, 1972; Mt Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frederick Atherley Hull|Hull, Frederick Atherley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5M-MT9] - 1906(NZL)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6FH Pingrup (1930-1931); 6FH Port Hedland (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 6FH Perth (Claremont, 1960-1975; Nedlands, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CRPT 1139, 1929; 2COCP 271, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Perth, 1929); radio operator (Port Hedland, 1937-1954); unemployed (Claremont, 1958); technical officer (Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 6RH Raymond Alfred Hull
* [[/George Maxwell Hull|Hull, George Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LQ-S44] - 1916(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3ZS Melbourne (Canterbury, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2307, 1939, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Canterbury, 1943); proprietor (Canterbury, 1949-1980)
* [[/Raymond Alfred Hull|Hull, Raymond Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP1-BSL] - 1908(NZ)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6RH Pingrup (1929-1931); 6RH Perth (Wembley, 1937; Mt Hawthorn, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 558, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 590, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, 1934); traveller (Subiaco, 1949); sales director (Victoria Park, 1958-1963) - Relationships: brother of 6FH Frederick Atherley Hull
* [[/Ross Amos Hull|Hull, Ross Amos]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-P5W] - 1902(Vic)-1938(USA) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic Kew, president, 1923); journalist (Wireless Weekly, technical editor; QST, technical editor) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198902.pdf EA]
* [[/William Howard Hull|Hull, William Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7WJ-723] - 1891(Tas)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Relationships: brother of 3JU Ross Amos Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Cobungra, 1914-1915); engineer (Armadale, 1921; Brighton, 1922-1931; Caulfield, 1934-1949); retired (Beaconsfield Upper, 1954)

===''HUME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest James Hume|Hume, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYR-TZM] - 1869(Vic)-1929(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; son of James Hill Hume, father of Ernest Jeremy Hume
* [[/Ernest Jeremy Hume|Hume, Ernest Jeremy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-727] - 1906(SA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - chief engineer 5DN - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Unley, 1939-1941; Oakleigh, Vic, 1949-1963; Carnegie, 1968-1977) - Relationships: grandson of James Hill Hume, son of Ernest James Hume and Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy
* [[/Geoffrey Vincent Hume|Hume, Geoffrey Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQCL-NM1] - 1909(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2GV Sydney (Cremorne, 1927-1930); 2AMD Sydney (Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 365, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Neutral Bay, 1930-1936; Mosman, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942); clerk (Turramurra, 1949); technical assistant (Pymble, 1954-1980)
* [[/James Hill Hume|Hume, James Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-SLD] - 1822(??)-1887(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - alleged very early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: father of Ernest James Hume; father-in-law of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; grandfather of Ernest Jeremy Hume 
* [[/Stella Leonora Harriet Jeremy|Hume nee Jeremy, Stella Leonora Harriet]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-33D] - 1882(Vic)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil -  radio announcer (early 5DN) - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Ernest James Hume; daughter-in-law of James Hill Hume; mother of Ernest Jeremy Hume
===''HUMPHRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] - See Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood 4JH
* [[/Jack Lawrence Humphry|Humphry, Jack Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7M] - 1889(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JK Poopoonbah via Giru (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1349, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Husband of 4JH Innis Jane Lovett Humphry nee Spotswood - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Hodel, Ayr, Qld, 1912-1937; Poopoonbah, 1949-1954)
===''HUNT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Alexander Hunt|Hunt, Joseph Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-9MM] - 1912(WA)-2002(WA) - Licences: 6JA Perth (Maylands, 1938-1939); 6JD Perth (Rockingham, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2112, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, WA, 1936; Maylands, WA, 1937-1949); retired (Rockingham, WA, 1972)

===''HUPPATZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Huppatz|Huppatz, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWTP-DF5] - 1900(Vic)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5GW Cowandilla (1931-1933); 5GW Naracoorte (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 801, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Naracoorte, SA, 1939); engineer (Cowandilla, 1941-1943)

===''HURLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Hurll|Hurll, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXC-BFF] - 1904(NSW)-2003(Qld, 98yo) - Licences: 2BC Sydney (Killara, 1924-1930); 4NJ Tallebudgera Creek (1931-1935); 2HJ Sydney (Killara, 1935-1937; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2IN?/2DKH Sydney (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 96, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, CMF, CINT), business proprietor (Gas Light Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Killara, 1930); merchant (Killara, 1936-1937); soldier (Strathfield, 1943); company manager (Burwood, 1949-1963); Managing Director (Killara, 1968); Director (Killara, 1972-1980)

===''HURRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Bruce Hurry|Hurry, Ronald Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-G1C] - 1911(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 693, 1930, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster?, electrical engineer, teacher - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HUSBAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Errol Husband|Husband, Norman Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6F7-N7B] - 1893(Qld)-1961(NSW) - Licences: XABY Sydney (North Sydney, 1913-1914); 4CV Receive Charters Towers (1923); 4CV Charters Towers (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Charters Towers, 1917-1922; Mackay, 1925-1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1949-1958)

===''HUTCHINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings|Hutchings, Allan Thomas Edwards]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-2TM] - 1903(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HL Receive Callawadda (1922-1923); 3HL Callawadda (1924-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of 3HM Elizabeth Lilian Hutchings nee Edwards; brother of 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Callawadda, 1927-1972)
* [[/Elizabeth Lilian Edwards| Hutchings nee Edwards, Elizabeth Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-25T] - 1877(Vic)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 3HM Callawadda (1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 509, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1926-1942) - Relationships: mother of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings and 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - First woman in Australia to hold an amateur licence under the AOCP regime - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1925-1942) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Marjorie Lilian Hutchings|Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB52-GSC] - 1912(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Callawadda (1932-1939; 1946-1948); 3HQ Melbourne (Bentleigh, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1030, 1932, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: daughter of 3HM Elizabeth Lillian Hutchings nee Edwards; sister of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Callawadda, 1934-1937); nurse (Alfred Hospital, Prahran, 1943); home duties (Callawadda, 1949; Bentleigh, 1949-1968) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''HUTCHINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Elwood Hutchinson|Hutchinson, Charles Elwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-S6J] - 1894(Vic)-1942(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 728, 1922; 2COCP 278, 1930; 1COCP 307, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Esperance, 1919); radio telegraphist (Darwin, NT, 1922); telegraphist (Esperance, 1925-1931); radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1936-1937; Alberton, SA, 1939; Yatala, SA, 1941)
* [[/John Victor Thomas Hutchison|Hutchison, John Victor Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89S-PY2] - 1907(NZ)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2JH Sydney (Kirribilli, 1927-1937; West Ryde, 1938-1939; Croydon, 1946-1955; Bardwell Park, 1956-1965; Castle Cove, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 374, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1010, 1928 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Milson's Point, 1930-1937); laboratory assistant (Croydon, 1943-1949); radio technician (Bardwell Park, 1958-1968)
===''HUTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Hutson|Hutson, James William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-Z6J] - 1912(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Echuca (1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 635, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon
===''HUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Hutton|Hutton, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-JXG] - 1912(Sct)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Abermain (1929-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 551, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abermain, 1934-1963; Klworth, 1972-1977); retired (Klworth, 1980)

===''HYLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Philip Hyland|Hyland, Leonard Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8N6-XLK] - 1903(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: 7LP Hobart (City, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1791, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 271, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Hobart Central, 1928) - Comment: Passed on Duty; Gone too soon - Links: [https://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/tasmania-fire-service-chief-chris-arnol-urges-everyone-to-reflect-on-the-selflessness-of-firefighters-in-the-pursuit-of-public-safety/news-story/59c6315bbf383ef9bb4e270d60cd9296 Mercury]

=='''I'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''IKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Ikin|Ikin, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWFZ-C37] - 1887(NSW)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 4SM Townsville (1925-1926); 4SM Brisbane (New Farm, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 201, 1925, No. 18 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (dealer licence); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanical engineer (Gladstone, 1913); engineer &amp; electrician (Barcaldine, 1914); manager (Strand Motors, Townsville, 1925); motor mechanic (Mt Garnet, 1937-1949; Cardwell, 1949); farmer (Mareeba, 1954-1972)

===''INGLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Stanley Inglis|Inglis, Kenneth Stanley]] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - historian (ABC); &quot;This is the ABC&quot;; &quot;Whose ABC?&quot; - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Ken Inglis|Wikipedia]] [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1031461X.2018.1493961 Obit]

===''IRELAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Keith Ireland|Ireland, Leslie Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRMD-BPV] - 1908(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5KR Mt Gambier (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 950, 1927; AOLCP 60, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633509 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1721431 AWM]; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ireland-leslie-keith-47849/ AHM]

===''IRESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melville Charles Gladstone Ireson|Ireson, Melville Charles Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZT-ML6] - 1898(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3ZY Kyneton (1931-1933); 3AIR Kyneton (1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 305, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Maldon, 1919); telegraphist (Ballarat, 1925); postal employee (Kyneton, 1931-1954)

===''IRVINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Irvine|Irvine, William]] - 1907(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4IR Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1987, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WIs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''IRVING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Lawson Irving|Irving, Cyril Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-65R] - 1912(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4WL Brisbane (Annerley, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1199, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1980)

===''ISLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Clifford Isles|Isles, James William Clifford &quot;Clifford&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBVH-RV1] - 1894(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CC Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1922); 4CC Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (QWI); business proprietor (Isles Love &amp; Co, Allan &amp; Stark); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1915-1937); manager (Hamilton, 1943-1958); director (Hamilton, 1963)
===''ISRAEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Samuel Israel|Israel, Morris Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-CBC] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XMU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913); 3ZN Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924; Malvern, 1925-1926; Burwood, 1927); 3ZN Geelong, 1931-1933; 3ZN Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 13, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 35, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcasting executive; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (St Kilda, 1919-1924); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1926-1928); broadcasting engineer (Geelong, 1931); engineer (Geelong North, 1936; Camberwell, 1937-1963);

===''IVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Albert Ives|Ives, Cecil Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-848] - 1916(SA)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 5AF Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1451, 1935, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: commercial artist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ives-cecil-albert-300407/]

=='''J'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''JACKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil Jackson|Jackson, Alfred Cecil &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDLP-F65] - 1900(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4AJ Brisbane (Fairfield, 1931); 2BO Bangalow (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 620, 1921; 1COCP 67, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG, Brisbane Cmcls); state public servant (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Fairfield, Qld, 1928-1931); farmer (Possum Creek, NSW, 1934-1937); mechanic (Fairfield, Qld, 1943-1954); farmer (O'Possum Creek via Bangalow, NSW, 1958-1963)
* [[/Alfred George Jackson|Jackson, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY5P-2X1] - 1864(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: 4DG Receive Brisbane (Wynnum, Qld, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; radio clubs (WIQ, QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer - Relationships: father of Arthur Appleton Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1903-1913); electrician (Wynnum, Qld, 1914-1934)
* [[/Arthur Appleton Jackson|Jackson, Arthur Appleton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY55-M8F] - 1891(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer; business proprietor; Relationships: son of Alfred George Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Wynnum, Qld, 1913-1914; Morningside, Qld, 1915-1919; Wynnum, Qld, 1919; South Brisbane, Qld, 1921-1968); retired (Hill End, Qld, 1972; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1977; Hopetoun Home, Oxley, Qld, 1980)
* [[/James William Jackson|Jackson, James William &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7FH-JCW] - 1916(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4CN Brisbane (Cribb Island, 1938-1939; 1946-1969; Lawnton, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2096, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); military (WW2,Northern Command Signals); farmer/electrician/radio &amp; TV serviceman - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cribb Island, Qld, 1937-1968); rubber worker (Lawnton, Qld 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Jackson|Jackson, Thomas William]] - 1830(Eng)-1918(Vic) - Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria ca 1880, clubs &amp; societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, ca 1880)

===''JAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Russell James|James, Brian Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLV-GXV] - 1920(SA)-1944(Europe) - Licences: 5BL Adelaide (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2293, 1939, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 76 Squadron RAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://highgate-rsl.org.au/afcraaf-roll/james-brian-russell-417490/]
* [[/Hector Keith James|James, Hector Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-WVL] - 1905(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2XA Receive Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923); 2XA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Ashfield, 1934; Double Bay, 1935-1936; Coogee, 1937-1938; Woollahra, 1939; Summer Hill, 1948-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 183, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Summer Hill, 1930-1933), engineer (Edgecliff, 1936; Ashfield, 1949; Summer Hill, 1943-1963)
* [[/Herbert Ronald James|James, Herbert Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-1SM] - 1904(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Birchip (1931-1933); 3LH Drouin (1938-1939); 7LH Western Junction (1947); 7LH Launceston (1948); 3AJJ Melbourne (Deepdene, 1954); 3AJJ Lubeck (1955-1956); 3AJJ Braeside (1960); 3AJJ Rupanyup (1965-1969); 3AJJ Nowa Nowa (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 813, 1931, Vic; BOCP 17, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Merbein, 1925); fitter &amp; turner (Merbein, 1928-1931); radio engineer (Merbein, 1936); technician (Western Junction, Tas, 1949); radio engineer (Deepdene, 1954); technician (Rupanyup, 1963-1968); retired (Nowa Nowa, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. James|James, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZE via Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Thomas Reynolds James|James, Thomas Reynolds]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, worked on original Melbourne-Williamstown telegraph line 1854, later in charge of Melbourne Telegraph Office, but transferred to inspectorial work in 1879 due to disorganisation, reinstated in 1880)
===''JAMIESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Jamieson|Jamieson, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4SY-YNQ] - 1896(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: XJW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 3CJ Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1926); 3XX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 130, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1921-1925); mechanic (Malvern, 1926-1968)
* [[/John Edward Jamieson|Jamieson, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-M43] - 1910(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6LA Perth (Beaconsfield, 1930-1933); 6LA Kalgoorlie (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 673, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1936-1937); salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1943); radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954)

===''JANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Harold Jansen|Jansen, Claud or Claude Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-9TN] - 1890(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: V751 Receive Yarrawonga (1922); 3GW Receive Yarrawonga (1922)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: printer (Yarrawonga, 1913-1922); linotype engineer (Yarrawonga, 1924-1931); printer (Shepparton, 1934-1937); linotype operator (Albury, 1937-1949); engineer (Albury, 1954-1968)

===''JARDINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Jardine|Jardine, William Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZC-T63] - 1911(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3PR Melbourne (Essendon, 1929-1933); 3PR Leongatha (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 533, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 108, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Craigieburn, 1934); dairy farmer (Leongatha, 1937-1954); salesman (Leongatha, 1963-1980)
===''JARMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Arthur Jarman|Jarman, Oswald Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-K6Y] - 1894(SA)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 162, 1915; 1COCP 37, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1921-1922); telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1928); supervisor (Bentley, Vic, 1931-1954)
===''JARVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jack Edwin Jarvis|Jarvis, Vincent Jack Edwin &quot;Victor&quot;, &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2K-6FP] - 1912(WA)-1941(Libya) - licences: 2VJ Orange (1930-1933), 2VJ Dubbo (1934), 2VJ Wellington (1935-1936), 2VJ Bathurst (1937), 2VJ Griffith (1938-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 695, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 46, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (2VJ Wellington), broadcast engineer (2BS, 2RG), WW2 (RAAF, Rathmines Flying Boats Base, Palestine, Egypt, Libya) - electoral rolls: radio mechanic (Wellington, 1936), radio engineer (Bathurst, 1937), wireless operator (Rathmines, 1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633817]

===''JEFFRYES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Harry Jeffryes|Jeffryes, Sydney Harry]] - 1884(Qld)-19??(???) - X?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), ship's wireless operator, member of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-1914
===''JEFFS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jeffs|Jeffs, Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-4M8] - 1912?(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4VJ Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1933; City, 1934-1939, 1946; Gordon Park, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 753, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio cub (WIAQ, life member, lecturer, code instructor, field days, JOTA, conventions, operator 4WI); business proprietor (Jeffs Radio) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1934; New Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1937); radio manufacturer (New Farm, Qld, 1943); salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1949); businessman (Gordon Park, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''JENNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Jenner|Jenner, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Y9-64Z] - 1877(Eng)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 7BM Receive Premaydena (1923); Receive Premaydena (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 2ABM John Ingoldsby Jenner - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Lindisfarne, 1914); orchardist (Koonya, 1919-1928); Xray technician (Double Bay, NSW, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935)
* [[/John Ingoldsby Jenner|Jenner, John Ingoldsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKY4-7S2] - 1904(Eng)-1980(???) - Licences: 2ABM Sydney (Maroubra, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1194, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 7BM John Henry Jenner - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Haberfield, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935); telephone engineer (Maroubra, 1937); engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1954; Revesby, 1968); retired (Turramurra, 1972); engineer (Revesby, 1980)
===''JENNISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Jennison|Jennison, Joseph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS7-316] - 1899(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 2JJ Mathoura (1928-1939); 2MX Mathoura (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 414, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Mathoura, 1930-1949; Echuca, 1954; Deniliquin, 1958); nil (Echuca, 1963) (Licences in the name of his father John William Jennison but most likely son was operator, father passed in 1942)
===''JENSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jens August Jensen|Jensen, Jens August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQM-1MX] - 1865(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Minister for Navy (1915-1917) - Comment: famously dismissed for corruption in respect of purchase of Shaw Wireless Works in 1916 - Electoral Rolls: licensed victualler (Beauty Point, Tas, 1914-1919); orchardist (Beauty Point, Tas, 1919-1922); no occupation (Elsternwick, Vic, 1936) - Links: [[w:Jens_Jensen_(politician)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/jensen-jens-august-6840 ADB]
* [[/Laurence Richard Hopkins Jensen|Jensen, Laurence or Lawrence Richard Hopkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-MJ1] - 1906(Tas)-1974(Tas) - Licences: 7BL Receive West Devonport (1923); Receive West Devonport (1923-1924); 7LJ Launceston (1925-1939, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 78, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 215, 1939; 1AOCP 9, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (New Town, 1928); teacher (New Town, 1936-1972)

===''JENVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, Henry Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QJ-7TS] - 1851(Eng)-1932(Vic) - Licences: AA Melbourne 1900; X?? Melbourne - early wireless experimenter, arguably his use of the identifier AA was the first use of an Australian callsign; arguably Australia's first amateur operator as the majority of his experiments were self-funded and in his own time - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - employment (Vic P &amp; T; PMGD) - Relationships: father of 3WW William Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Brighton, 1909); public servant (Caulfield East, 1919-1931)
* [[/William Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, William Walter &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QV-9GL] - 1904(Vic)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 3AY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927; Ormond, 1931-1938); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1939); 3AY Melbourne (Ormond, 1947); 2ZO Sydney (Willoughby, 1948-1969); 2ZO Noosa Heads (1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 824, 1924; 1COCP 68, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of Henry Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1926-1927); operator (Bentleigh, Vic, 1931-1937); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943; Willoughby, NSW, 1949-1968); engineer (Willoughby, NSW, 1972); nil (Nelligen, NSW, 1977; Noosa Heads, Qld, 1980)

===''JERRARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Joseph Jerrard|Jerrard, Frederick Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB43-BKT] - 1899(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4DR Receive Gayndah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Gayndah, 1921-1930); motor mechanic (Gayndah, 1936-1937); engineer (Indooroopilly, 1943-1963)

===''JESSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick Ferman Jessop|Jessop, Patrick Ferman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QN-8HV] - 19??(Eng?)-19??(Qld?) - Licences: 4PJ Kamma (1925-1927); 4PJ Cairns (Hambledon, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (England?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1(RFC) - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Edmonton, 1922-1930); weigh bridge clerk (Hambledon, 1936-1943)
===''JEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Jewell|Jewell, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYD-YH1] - 1905(WA)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6CA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1927); 6JJ Kalgoorlie (1930-1931); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 876, 1925; 1COCP 129, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Victoria Park, WA, 1931-1937); radio inspector (Victoria Park, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949); inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1954-1963)

===''JOHNSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Johnson|Johnson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD7-X12] - 1921(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4PX Brisbane (Hendra, 1938-1939; Ascot, 1946-1948; Hendra, 1954-1975), 4PX Buddina Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2093, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF, Signals) - Comment: Several contemporaneous AJs - Electoral Rolls: Commonwealth public servant (Hendra, Qld, 1968) + others
* [[/Carl Francis Johnson|Johnson, Carl Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH8T-HSH] - 1899(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); 7AR Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 218, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: federal servant (West Hobart, 1922-1954)
* [[/Edward Norman Johnson|Johnson, Edward Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM4W-MLQ] - 1886(Vic)-1960(USA) - Licences: Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3ZO Warrnambool (1923-1924); 3ZO Horsham (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (East Melbourne, 1909); manager (Wonthaggi, 1914); draper (Newtown, 1917); traveller (Geelong, 1919)
* [[/H. B. Johnson|Johnson, H. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6HB Perth (Leederville, 1926); 5HB Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 252, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - common surname, individual not yet identified
* [[/Ivo Uric Johnson|Johnson, Ivo Uric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VV-H8S] - 1903(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4KL Cairns (1933-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 813, 1924; 2COCP 668, 1942; 1COCP 655, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cairns, Qld, 1936-1963) 
* [[/Joseph Murray Johnson|Johnson, Joseph Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YM-M5N] - 1889(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 113, 1915; 1COCP 200, 1931 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Geraldton, 1915-1917); radio expert (Lane Cove, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1936; Caulfield, 1937); engineer (Longueville, NSW, 1943-1949); manager (Turramurra, 1954-1963); retired (Strathfield, 1963; Port Macquarie, NSW, 1968-1977; Wauchope/Yrrs, 1980)

===''JOHNSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Brint Johnston|Johnston, Norman Brint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-K7F] - 1913(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6NJ Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1933; Subiaco, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 642, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Subiaco, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Maylands, 1943-1968; Mt Lawley, 1972-1977)
* [[/Robert Walter Johnston|Johnston, Robert Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDS-FHJ] - 1914(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4LQ Brisbane (Petrie Terrace, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1270, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1936-1937); no occupation (Ingleburn, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1963)
* [[/William David Johnston|Johnston, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-3RY] - 1909(Irl)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2YZ Sydney (Ryde, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Gladesville, 1950; Matraville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 616, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 323, 1931; 1COCP 398, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Ryde, 1930-1943); radio engineer (Gladesville, 1949; Matraville, 1954-1980)

===''JOHNSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Johnstone|Johnstone, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HJ Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JONASSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Peter Jonasson|Jonasson, Roy Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KPW-ZL1] - 1908(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4NG Alberton (1931-1933); 7NG Derwent Park (1937-1939); 3ND Castlemaine (1946-1969); 9NG, PNG; 4NE Brisbane (Kingston, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 827, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, QRP Club, RAAF Wireless Reserve, Qld Listeners' League); employment (Qld State Electricity Commission) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Castlemaine, 1942-1972); retired (Kingston, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''JONES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Ernest Jones|Jones, Alfred Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61R-CTW] - 1894(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 241, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Comment: not all electoral roll entries identified, several contemporaneous AEJs; Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1917-1922)
* [[/David William Jones|Jones, David William]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DJ Brisbane (Chelmer, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 683, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous DWJs - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Chelmer, 1925-1931); engineer (Holland Park, 1958)? 
* [[/Lancelot Cyril Jones|Jones, Lancelot Cyril &quot;Lance&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L3-2LS] - 1891(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: XVB Adelaide (Hawthorn, 1913-1914); 5BQ Adelaide (Westbourne Park, 1923-1924); 5DN Adelaide (City, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; co-founder 5DN commercial Adelaide - Electoral Rolls: manager (Broadway Estate, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Edward Jones|Jones, Raymond Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL9R-FLM] - 1900(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3RJ Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1928; Box Hill, 1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 407, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Newmarket, 1921); public servant (Ascot Vale, 1922-1924); telegraphist (Box Hill, 1931-1943); supervisor (Box Hill, 1949-1963); retired (Box Hill, 1968-1980)
* [[/Stanley William Jones|Jones, Stanley William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-BPL] - 1917(Vic)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 3SF Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1953, 1937, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Signalman, 6 Division Signals) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1687469] (beware, another Stanley William Jones died in WW2, Flight Sergeant, 626 Squadron)
* [[/Walter Henry Jones|Jones, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NB-Z8F] - 1914(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2PY Sydney (Marrickville, 1930-1933); 2RS Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1939); 2WP Sydney (Bexley, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 652, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 57, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Bexley North, 1949-1972); telegraphist (Bexley North, 1977-1980); Beware: Another contemporaneous Walter Henry Jones in Sydney b.1915 m.Edith
* [[/W. R. Jones|Jones, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EK Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JORDAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Jordan|Jordan, James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHL-VNQ] - 1903(Sct)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4JJ Ipswich (1933); 4JJ Bundaberg (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1162, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); senior military (RAAF, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: striker (West Ipswich, Qld, 1932); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1934-1937)
* [[/Robert Jordan|Jordan, Robert]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 4, 1914, No. 4 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - coastal station operator?
===''JUDD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Harvey Judd|Judd, Clarence Harvey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVF-9XS] - 1920(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5HQ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3374, 1953, Qld - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Oswald William Judd|Judd, Oswald William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVX-X56] - 1896(SA)-1934(SA) - Licences: XVF Adelaide (North Norwood, 1913); Receive Adelaide (Payneham, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

=='''K'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''KANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leslie Kane|Kane, John Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1985(Qld), 4ZZ Roma, amateur operator (AOCP 2335, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), senior state public servant (Qld Railways)
===''KAUFMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Donald Kaufman|Kaufman, Samuel Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6X-937] - 1904(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2SK Sydney (Belmore, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 448, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Belmore, 1933-1980)
===''KAUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Alexis Kauper|Kauper, Henry or Heinrich Alexis &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXZ-WYQ] - 1888(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Licences: S643 Adelaide (1921-1922); 5BG Adelaide (Dulwich, 1923-1926; Tusmore, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 97, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; inventor - Electoral Rolls: chauffer (Willaura, Vic, 1910); engineer (Richmond, Vic, 1931-1937) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kauper-henry-alexis-harry-6898 ADB]
===''KAYESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Kayess|Kayess, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYG-NHD] - 1892(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Cooktown, 1917); engineer (Hendra, Qld, 1919); engine driver (Charleville, Qld, 1921); mechanic (Mossman, 1925); motor mechanic (Watchem, Vic, 1928); auto engineer (Dulwich Hill, NSW, 1930); garage manager (New Lambton, NSW, 1930; Foveaux, NSW, 1933); engineer (Forest Lodge, NSW, 1935-1937); labourer (Darlinghurst, 1937; Glenmore, NSW, 1943); mechanical engineer trainee (Haberfield, NSW, 1949); engineer (Manly North, NSW, 1958)

===''KEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Patrick James Keane|Keane, John Patrick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V5-P25] - 1903(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JN Cessnock (1930-1936; 2JN Sydney (Bexley, 1937-1939; McMahons Point, 1946-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 698, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Darling Harbour, 1930); clerk (Cessnock, 1931-1932; Newcastle, 1934; Bexley, 1935-1937; McMahons Point, 1943-1949; North Sydney, 1958-1963)
===''KEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Keast|Keast, Leslie John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2QP-J6X] - 1886(SA)-1957(WA) - Journalist (Wireless Weekly; shortwave editor, Australasian Radio World, 1940-1951; Radio &amp; Hobbies), professional monitor (OWI/VOA, WW2), silent era cinematographer - Electoral Rolls: licensed victuallar (Royal Hotel, Bowral, 1933-1934); ex-hotelkeeper (Coogee, 1935); clerk (Randwick North, 1936-1937); sales manager (Carlingford, 1943); organising secretary (Ermington, 1949-1958)

===''KEDDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Robert Keddie|Keddie, Phillip Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-1T7] - 1921(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5KZ Adelaide (Woodville Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1882, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: AMF (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)

===''KELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Edward Kells|Kells, Alfred Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTMT-7D3] - 1900(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 2430 Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Moonee Ponds, 1921-1925); mechanic (Essendon, 1928-1954)

===''KELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Wainwright Kelly|Kelly, Alexander Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP6-G6V] - 1908(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Largs Bay (1923); Receive Largs Bay (1923); 5AW Lyndoch (1927-1939); 5XO Loxton (1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 358, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur Broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: winemaker (Berri, 1939-1943)
* [[/Ross Donaldson Kelly|Kelly, Ross Donaldson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7BG-2PR] - 1906(SA)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5LW Adelaide (Unley, 1937-1939; Hazelwood Park, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2032, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assurance agent (Dulwich, 1941-1943)

===''KELSO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham Kelso|Kelso, Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXH-9DH] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EL Receive Brisbane (Nundah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1958); technician (Brisbane, Qld, 1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''KEMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Kemble|Kemble, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8WY] - 1915(SA)-1939(WA) - Licences: 6FJ Katanning (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1673, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith's striker (Katanning, WA, 1937)

===''KEMP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Kemp|Kemp, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-PYS] - 1910(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4YA Yangan - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1466, 1935, Qld; BOCP 110, 1937; 2COCP 123, 1937; 1COCP 163, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Swanfels, Qld, 1936-1937); radio technician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Joseph Edward Kemp|Kemp, Joseph Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-NWV] - 1918(Tas)-1991(WA) - Licences: 7RZ Devonport (1937-1939); 7RZ Launceston (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1847, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Como, 1949); radio officer (Esperance, 1954-1958; Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''KEMPSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Kempster|Kempster, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVPC-NHM] - 1900(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: 5KM Darwin (1929-1931); 8KM Darwin (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 543, 1929, No. ?? in NT - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Fullarton, 1934); supervisor (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''KENNA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Francis Kenna|Kenna, Vernon Francis &quot;Vern&quot; / &quot;Marconi&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1D-4ZV] - 1908(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 4DE Receive Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1924); 4FK Brisbane (Hamilton, 1926-1939); 2JR Sydney (Middle Cove, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 301, 1926, No. 29 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (PMGD); radiocommunications engineer; senior public servant (PMG, ABC2); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1954); engineer (Balwyn, Vic, 1963; Killara, 1963; Middle Cove, 1968-1972; Willoughby, 1977-1980)
===''KENNEDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Kennedy|Kennedy, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKD-8Q7] - 1874(Vic)-1945(SA) - Licences: XYD Perth (City, 1913-1914); 6AM Perth (Mt Lawley, 1923-1927); 5AM Adelaide (City, 1928; Unley, 1931; New Parkside, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; senior federal public servant (PMG, concluding as Deputy Postmaster-General SA); WW1 - Awards: Imperial Service Order - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, 1903; Mt Lawley, 1910-1921); State Engineer (Maylands, 1925-1926); civil servant (New Parkside, 1939-1943)
* [[/M. Kennedy|Kennedy, M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EP Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Walter Donald Kennedy|Kennedy, Walter Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBRG-1WB] - 1869(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1926; Willoughby, 1927-1929); 2WK Helensburgh (1930-1933); 2WK Sydney (East Sydney, 1934); 2WK Wallerawang (1935); 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1936-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 121, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Murrumburrah, 1913; Helensburgh, 1930-1932); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); clerk in Holy Orders (Rockdale, 1936-1949)

===''KENNY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Francis Kenny|Kenny, Edmund Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MB-R3M] - 1903(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2EK Sydney (Lewisham, 1927-1928; Croydon, 1929; Ryde, 1930-1931; Granville, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2EK Wentworthville (1950-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 373, 1927, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1930); clerk (West Ryde, 1930-1933); engineer (Granville, 1935-1949); radio engineer (Wentworthville, 1954-1968); engineer (Wentworthville, 1972-1977)

===''KEOGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Keogh|Keogh, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJ4-H7G] - 19??(???)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2ZA Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923); 2ZA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923; Stanmore, 1924-1925); licensed operator 2AG Grace Bros Broadway  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Randwick North, 1943-1958)

===''KERBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Thomas John Kerby|Kerby, Edwin Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM72-SFL] - 1888(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 7EK Ringarooma (1932-1939); 3KK Melbourne (Auburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 940, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 (Major) - Awards: Military Star 1914-1915; British War Medal, Victory Medal; MBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Ballarat, 1909); restaurant keeper (Brunswick, 1914); electrical engineer (Richmond, 1914-1917); grazier (Ballarat, 1919); farmer (Linton, 1922); grazier (Fawkner, 1924-1925); engineer (St Kilda, 1943; Auburn, 1949-1968) - Links: [[w:Edwin Kerby|Wikipedia]]
===''KERMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Kermond|Kermond, Leslie John &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W7-Y88] - 1912(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Warrnambool (1928-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 417, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 182, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Warrnambool, 1936-1937); engineer (Swan Hill, 1942); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1949-1980)

===''KERNICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Edwin Kernick|Kernick, Percy Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX7S-JW1] - 1888(NSW)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6PK Perth (South Perth, 1927-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 378, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Sandstone/Mt Magnet, 1910); telegraphist (Brown Hill/Kalgoorlie, 1917; South Perth, 1925-1963)
===''KERR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dixon Kerr|Kerr, Alfred Dixon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-ZKF] - 1910(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AL Ballarat (1926-1939, 1946-1960); 3JQ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 284, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 18, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968); retired (Hawthorn, 1977)
* [[/Roy Kerr|Kerr, Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-SBX] - 1917(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4DK Winton (1937-1939); 4DK Brisbane (Tingalpa, 1946-1951) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1941, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Relationships: brother of Vernon Lester Kerr 4LK - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Vernon Lester Kerr|Kerr, Vernon Lester &quot;Vern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-MCW] - 1912(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4LK Winton (1932-1933); 4LK Cloncurry (1937-1939, 1946-1948); 4LK Charters Towers (1954-1969); 4LK Charleville (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 800, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; COCP 1941, amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, Soc Wireless Pioneers USA); employment (RFDS, technical officer / controller / announcer) - Relationships: brother of Roy Kerr 4DK - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Charters Towers, Qld, 1954-1977); technician (Charleville, Qld, 1977)
===''KHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kullandar Jallander Khan|Khan, Kullandar Jallander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX89-VLY] - 1916(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4QA Cairns (1937-1939, 1947); 4DC Cairns (1948-1960); 4DC Brisbane (New Farm, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1979, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 4QA may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 4QA Cairns - Electoral Rolls: picture theatre operater (Cairns, Qld, 1943); radio serviceman (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); tv technician (New Farm, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''KIDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian McIvor Kidman|Kidman, Ian McIvor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD7Q-7N2] - 1915(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5JK Naracoorte (1933-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1163, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''KILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Harold Kilby|Kilby, Raymond Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-9VD] - 1918(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7RK Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1461, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1568, 1957; 1COCP 1862, 1958; 2COCP T1, 1977 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: upholsterer (Launceston, 1943-1972)

===''KILGARIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Kilgariff|Kilgariff, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-XBD] - 1886(NSW)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5JT Adelaide (Burnside, 1937-1939; Erindale, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1884, 1937, SA; 2COCP 325, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Boulder, WA, 1910-1912); builder (Alice Springs, NT, 1934; Burnside, SA, 1939); RAAF (Leabrook, SA, 1943)

===''KILSBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Wilbur Kilsby|Kilsby, Keith Wilbur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCHP-4ZS] - 1912(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5PR Moorak (1933); 5PR Birdwood (1938); 5PR Wiltyerong via Murray Bridge (1947); 5PR Mingary via Murray Bridge (1948); 5PR Murray Bridge (1954); 5PR Adelaide (Payneham, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 419, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Birdwood, SA, 1939; Wiltyerong, SA, 1941-1943);

===''KING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Calvert King|King, Charles Calvert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQT-4R1] - 1885(Eng)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 105, 1915; 2COCP 155, 1930 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1914); warrant telegraphist (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1921-1925); music teacher (Randwick, NSW, 1930); musician (Clovelly, 1931; Rose Bay, 1932-1933); librarian (Woollahra, 1934); salesman (Bondi, NSW, 1935); Model Maker (Watson's Bay, 1936-1937)
* [[/Fred Esmond King|King, Fred Esmond (Electoral Rolls)  or Esmonde (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-81C] - 1896(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CQ Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Bulliwallah, Qld, 1919-1963)
* [[/Frederick Venn King|King, Frederick Venn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJHN-MV3] - 1888(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Cunnamulla (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1909); grazier (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1913-1921); not stated (Warrambah Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1925); grazier (Barrington Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1930-1954); retired (Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''KINGWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hercules Kingwell|Kingwell, William Hercules]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB)
===''KINSELLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Thomas Kinsella|Kinsella, Hector Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-XN9] - 1912(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6HK Perth (Hollywood, 1930; East Perth, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 641, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (South Perth, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1943); pharmacist (Perth, 1949; Narrogin, 1954-1958; Applecross, 1963; Ardross, 1968-1972; Booragoon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Wade Kinsella|Kinsella, Thomas Wade]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8P2-TSG] - 1904(Vic)-2001(NSW)96yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Lubeck (1923); 3TK Lubeck (1924-1926); 3TK Rupanyup (1937-1939); 2FK Sydney (Rose Bay, 1946; Herne Bay, 1947; Sans Souci, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1992, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 532, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lubeck, 1927-1936); RAN (Sans Souci, 1949-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3AKW William Jennings Kinsella
* [[/William Jennings Kinsella|Kinsella, William Jennings]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PG-S8S] - 1914(Vic)-2011(Vic) - Licences: 3AKW Lubeck (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 498, 1943; 2AOCP 55, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Magdala, Lubeck, 1936-1972; Lubeck, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3TK-2FK Thomas Wade Kinsella
===''KINZBRUNNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Charles Kinzbrunner|Kinzbrunner, Harry Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-SZM] - 1903(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4HK Cloncurry (1929-1931); 4HK Mareeba (1933); 4HK Tully (1937-1939); 4HK Atherton (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 474, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), employment (Australian Inland Mission, QATB) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Malanda, 1937); electrical engineer (Ashgrove, 1943); radio mechanic (Atherton, 1943); refrigeration &amp; electrical contractor (Atherton, 1949-1972); electrical contractor (Atherton, 1977-1980)

===''KIRBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ewan Russell Kirby|Kirby, Ewan Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4R1-4J7] - 1885(Tas)-1947(Tas) - Licences: XZB Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; First set 1909 communicated with M. Harvey; employed Hydro-electric Dept - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1914-1919); engineer (Hobart West, 1922-1936)
===''KIRKBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Kirkby|Kirkby, Brian]] - historian (early wireless experimenters, Edward Hope Kirkby, Archibald John Shaw), great grandson of Edward Hope Kirkby
* [[/Charles Edward Kirkby|Kirkby, Charles Edward]] - 1886(Vic)-1954(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of George Gill Kirkby
* [[/Edward Hope Kirkby|Kirkby, Edward Hope]] - 1853(At sea)-1915(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, father of George Gill Kirkby and Charles Edward Kirkby
* [[/George Gill Kirkby|Kirkby, George Gill]] - 1884(Vic)-1916(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of Charles Edward Kirkby
===''KIRKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Basil Everald Wharton Kirke|Kirke, Basil Everald Wharton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6NX-FFQ] - 1893(NSW)-1958(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; chief studio announcer/Uncle &quot;Bas&quot; (2BL); manager, 6WF; manager 9PA (1946); manager (ABC, Victoria, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Subiaco, 1931; Perth, 1934-1936; Melbourne, 1937-1943; Perth, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kirke-basil-everald-wharton-10751 ADB]
===''KIRKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Booth Kirkland|Kirkland, John Booth]] - 1861(Vic)-1900(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Melbourne, Geelong &amp; Ballarat

===''KISSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Leslie Hawthorn Kissick|Kissick, Alfred Leslie Hawthorn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9D-7LL] - 1904(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924), 3KB Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1939, 1946-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 141, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), operator 3CR Coburg Radio Club (1925), amateur broadcaster, clerk (1934)

===''KITTO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Collingwood Kitto|Kitto, Thomas Collingwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCKM-W8G] - 1903(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7?? Launceston (1928); 5JR Adelaide (Tusmore, 1931); 2JR Newcastle (1933); 2JS Newcastle (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 425, 1928, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 43, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Launceston, 1928); radio engineer (Sandgate, NSW, 1935; Ulverstone, Tas, 1937); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (Prahran, 1949); retired (Deception Bay, 1972)

===''KLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Kling|Kling, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQZ-B4W] - 1905(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1928; South Camberwell, 1931; Hawthorn East, 1933; Hampton, 1937-1939); 3AJQ Melbourne (Seaford, 1954-1955; Lower Ferntree Gully, 1956; Frankston, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 403, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1931-1933; Sandringham, 1936-1937); engineer (Sandringham, 1942; Bacchus Marsh, 1949); radio sound engineer (Seaford, 1954); electrician (Frankston, 1963-1968)

===''KNAPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carlo Patrick Knapton|Knapton, Carlo Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DQR-R5C] - 1879(Irl)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - wireless trader (WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as vice-president, Wireless Traders Assoc, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton, Vic, 1914); lighting engineer (South Perth, 1921-1954) 
===''KNEIPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Kneipp|Kneipp, James Henry &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ5R-YBH] - 1875(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Morningside, Qld, 1905); railway employee (Morningside, Qld, 1908-1917; Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1958)

===''KNIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Keith Knight|Knight, Rupert Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-Z5W] - 1898(Qld)-1934(Qld) - Licences: 4RK Toowoomba (1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned? - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1919); bank clerk (East Toowoomba, 1925-1926); not specified (East Toowoomba, 1928-1932)

===''KNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Brader Knock|Knock, Donald Brader &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWWR-L62] - 1898(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 1911 Manchester; G6XG London (1924-1926); 2NO Sydney (Cremorne, 1926-1927; Vaucluse, 1927; Kirribilli, 1928; Randwick, 1929); 6NK Wyndham (1930-1931); 2NU Portable Sydney 1935-1939; 2NO Sydney (Waverley, 1946-1966) - Qualifications: AOCP 335, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2MO), radiocommunications engineer, journalist (Wireless Weekly, Radio in ANZ, Radio Monthly, Australian Radio News, Bulletin, Australasian Radio World), military (WW1 - Royal Naval Air Service, WW2 - AIF lieutenant-major) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Waverley, 1930); radio journalist (Waverley, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Waverley, 1935-1963)
===''KNOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carlisle Maddison Knowles|Knowles, Henry Carlisle Maddison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Q8-642] - 1901(NSW)-1945(ACT) - Licences: 2LK Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 653, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Woolahra, 1933; Kingston, ACT, 1935-1943)

===''KOSSECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Frederick Kosseck|Kosseck, Edwin Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-VTG] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3EK Geelong (Belmont, 1930-1933); 3AKE Geelong (Newport, 1947; Belmont, 1948-1980+)  - Qualifications: AOCP 705, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Belmont, 1931-1937); RAAF (Newport, 1943); gardener (Belmont, 1949-1980)

===''KRAEGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl W. J. Kraegen|Kraegen, Carl W. J. &quot;Charles&quot;]] - 1831?(Germany?)-1871(NT) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, SA Posts &amp; Telegraphs), telegraph operator (Ballarat, Portland), developed an early system of explosive detonation by battery, tragically died of thirst during the construction of the Overland Telegraph
===''KRUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Augustine Kruger|Kruger, Francis Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJZ-58H] - 1907(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3HE Receive Charlton (1922-1923); 3HE Charlton (1924-1925); 3AI Charlton (1935-1939); 3AI Strathmore (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1541, 1935, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Charlton, 1928-1937); cinema operator (Charlton, 1942); executive (Essendon, 1949-1968; Strathmore, 1977-1980)

=='''L'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''LABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Howell Laby|Laby, Thomas Howell]] - 1880(Vic)-1946(Vic) - frequent lecturer on wireless topics to WIA Vic in the 1920s, education (BA Cambridge 1905, PhD Cambridge 1921), employment (University of Sydney, 1901-1904; Cavendish Laboratory, 1905; Professor Physics, Victoria University College, Wellington, 1909; Professor Natural Philosophy, University of Melbourne, 1915-1930+), Royal Society of Victoria (president, 1924)
===''LACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Lack|Lack, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCQH-WJR] - 1876(NSW)-1949(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Sandgate, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Warwick, Qld, 1903; Tiaro, Qld, 1905-1906; Maryborough, Qld, 1908); fish agent (Maryborough, Qld, 1913); engineer (Sandgate, Qld, 1916); accountant (Sandgate, Qld, 1917-1949)

===''LAHEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Wesley Lahey|Lahey, John Wesley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKRX-KPL] - 1850(Irl)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: sawmill proprietor (Clayfield, Qld, 1908-1909); sawmiller (Clayfield, Qld, 1913-1936)
===''LAIDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Laidler|Laidler, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1KG-31L] - 1904(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5TL Ceduna (1937-1939, 1947); 5TL Largs Bay (1948); 5TL Renmark (1954-1960); 5TL Adelaide (Glandore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1934, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Ceduna, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Lake|Lake, Eric James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDFZ-CKK]- 1906(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4EL Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1946-1948); 4EL Clevedon (1954-1956); 4EL Townsville (Belgian Gardens, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 54, 1931; AOCP 966, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, instructor); broadcast technician (4QN); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943-1949; Townsville, Qld, 1954-1963);

===''LAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Federal Laker|Laker, Frank John Federal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1V2-P8Q] - 1899(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2ZE Deniliquin (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (St Kilda, Vic, 1925); clerk (Bondi, 1935-1937); accountant (North Rocks, 1954)

===''LALOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Fintan Lalor|Lalor, Peter Fintan]] - 1827(Irl)-1889(Vic) - Leader of the Eureka Stockade, Postamaster-General Victoria (Aug 1875-Oct 1875)

===''LAMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. D. Lamb|Lamb, A. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DK Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James Joseph Wiseman Lamb|Lamb, James Joseph Wiseman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-49X] - 1876(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 119, 1915; 1COCP 264, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Relationships: father of Harry Spencer Lamb - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); radio station master (Townsville, Qld, 1921); wireless (Malvern, Vic, 1927);  superintendent (Toorak, Vic, 1928-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1937); retired (Elsternwick, Vic, 1942)
* [[/Harry Spencer Lamb|Lamb, Harry Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-SQY] - 1906(WA)-1984(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcaster - Relationships: son of James Joseph Wiseman Lamb - Electoral Rolls:

===''LAMBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Clayton Lambert|Lambert or Mason, Frank Clayton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-761] - 1908(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6FL Perth (South Perth, 1929-1931); 6FL Geraldton (1933); 6FL Perth (Wembley, 1937-1939; Subiaco, 1947); 3AFL Bairnsdale (1948); 6FL Perth (Claremont, 1954-1956; Bassendean, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 503, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture employee (South Perth, WA, 1931); projectionist (Albany, WA, 1934); sound projectionist (East Fremantle, WA, 1936); projectionist (Wembley Park, WA, 1937); radio technician (Subiaco, WA, 1943-1949); dealer (Claremont, WA, 1954); radio dealer (Bassendean, WA, 1958-1980)

===''LANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Herbert Dodson Lane|Lane, Cyril Herbert Dodson]] - 1888(NSW)-1915(Tur) - XDM Sydney (1909-1914), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), born Cyril Herbert Dodson, brother-in-law of Charles Dansie Maclurcan &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
===''LANGFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Leslie Langfield|Langfield, Harold Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-3D6] - 1893(Wales)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4CO Brisbane (Rosalie, 1935-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1572, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: club steward (Rosalie, Qld, 1934-1977; Paddington, Qld, 1980);

===''LANGFORD-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fritz Langford-Smith|Langford-Smith, Fritz]] - 1904(NSW)-1966(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), electronics designer (AWA), author (Radiotron Designers Handbook), journalist (Radiotronics) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198908.pdf EA]
===''LANGHANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ron Langhans|Langhans, Ron]] - historian (broadcasting)
===''LANGRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George David Langridge|Langridge, George David]] - 1829(Eng)-1891(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria in early 1880s

===''LAPTHORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Charles Lapthorne|Lapthorne, Horace Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W8-STK] - 1900(Vic)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2TM Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1924); 2HL Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1938; Lane Cove, 1939; Artarmon, 1948-1969); 2HL Noraville (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 422, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943-1968); retired (Noraville, 1972)

===''LARSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Peter Christian Larsen|Larsen, Herbert Peter Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36L-GHQ] - 1901(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4JW Charters Towers(1928-1937); 4JW Cairns (1938-1939, 1947-1956); 4JW Charters Towers (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 439, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: brewery hand (Charters Towers, 1925-1936); engine driver (Cairns, 1943-1954; Charters Towers, 1958-1968)
===''LARSSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gustaf William Larsson|Larsson, Gustaf William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTD-55K] - 1902(Tas)-1992(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 92, 1932; AOCP 3275, 1952 - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Hobart West, 1928-1936)

===''LAUNDER-CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge|Launder-Cridge, Wilfred Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-S5L] - 1899(Eng)-1960(Tas) - Licences: 5BZ Adelaide (Brooklyn Park, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 200, 1930; 1COCP 120, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Essendon North, Vic, 1937; Aerodrome, Cambridge, Tas, 1943); OIC, DCA (Forrest, WA, 1958)

===''LAURENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Laurence|Laurence, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-YKV] - 1916(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MZ Adelaide (Malvern, 1933-1939); 3PF Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1948); 3PF Benalla (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1164, 1933, SA; 1COCP 118, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Ceduna, 1941-1943); farmer (Wellington, Benalla, 1949-1963; Benalla, 1967-1980)

===''LAURIE-RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melbourne Clive Laurie-Rhodes|Laurie-Rhodes, Melbourne Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-6K1] - 1915(Qld)-1997(NZ) - Licences: 4XU Brisbane (Hendra, 1934-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1353, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Hendra, Qld, 1936-1937)

===''LAVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Poynton Laver|Laver, Charles Poynton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JBH-SNC] - 1882(Eng)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5CP Cape Borda (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Lightkeeper (Cape Borda, SA, 1939; Edithburgh, 1941-1951)

===''LAVINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Morgan Eric Lavington|Lavington, Frederick Morgan Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJM-ZC9] - 1903(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 2ZC Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1923); 2ZC Sydney (Waverley, 1923; Bondi, 1924-1925; Mosman, 1925-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Manly, 1930); engineer (Strathfield, 1932; Ashfield West, 1935-1936); electrical engineer (Ashfield West, 1937); engineer (Kensington, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1972)

===''LAWRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevan Alic Lawrie|Lawrie, Kevan Alec or Alic]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRS-5YP] - 1915(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5AK Adelaide (Lockleys, 1936-1939; York, 1947-1948; Lockleys, 1954-1965; Brooklyn, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1602, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Lockleys, SA, 1939-1941)

===''LAWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Andrew Laws|Laws, David Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-FW5] - 1909(Qld)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 4DR Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 829, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Commando)- Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Taringa, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/635901]
* [[/Sidney Frank Henry Laws|Laws, Sidney Frank Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6ZT-GBH] - 1893(NZ)-1973(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 6, 1914, No. 6 in Aus and Vic - commercial operator; coastal station operator; manager 7ZL (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 7ZL) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Wireless Station, Townsville, 1915); farmer (Launching Place, 1918); electrical engineer (Prahran, Vic, 1919); engineer (Armadale, Vic, 1919-1924); manager (Launceston, 1928); company manager (Double Bay, NSW, 1930-1931)

===''LAWTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Kyle Lawton|Lawton, Alexander Kyle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-FWT] - 1889(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD), radio clubs (QWI, member), business (movie theatres, Amico), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowoomba, 1913; Wynnum South, 1915-1916); manager (Windsor, 1919); engineer (Nundah, 1925-1928); manager (Townsville, 1936-1937; Nundah, 1943-1949); manufacturer's agent (Virginia, 1954-1958); company director (Ashfield, 1963); sales manager (Ashfield, 1968-1977)

===''LEADBITTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Leadbitter|Leadbitter, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP1-3V1] - 1882(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2AF Receive West Wyalong (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: cycle mechanic (Darlington, 1903); mechanic (West Wyalong, 1913); cycle mechanic (West Wyalong, 1930-1943)
===''LEANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Gregory Leaney|Leaney, William Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-JF9] - 1895(SA)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3XN Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923); 3XN Melbourne (Northcote, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Northcote, 1919-1954); driver (Coburg, 1963-1977); nil (Preston, 1980)

===''LEBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Leber|Leber, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-847] - 1905(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Richmond, 1929-1939; Hawthorn, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 481, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 45, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Richmond, 1927-1942); salesman (Hawthorn, 1949)

===''LECKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Crockett Leckie|Leckie, Herbert Crockett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1R-QQN] - 1927(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Melbourne (Elwood, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 1170, 1947 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980);
* [[/Raymond Campbell Leckie|Leckie, Raymond Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2Q-ZZV] - 1904(Vic)-1987(ACT) - Licences: 3TU Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923); 3TU Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 215, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Sandringham, 1926); public servant (Braddon, 1935; Turner, 1943-1968); examiner of patents (Hughes, 1972); retired (Hughes, 1977-1980)

===''LEE-ARCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Leslie Lee-Archer|Lee-Archer, Evan Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB2K-F3W] - 1911(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3LM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931); 3LM Wonthaggi (1933); 3LM Melbourne (Caulfield North, 1937; Malvern East, 1938) - Qualifications: AOCP 534, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1933); radio engineer (Korumburra, 1934); engineer (Caulfield West, 1935); mechanic (Malvern East, 1937)

===''LEGGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Legge|Legge, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9MJS-QKM] - 1906(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Ulverstone, 1928); no occupation (Hobart South, 1936); zinc worker (Hobart East, 1943); farmer (Cullenswood, 1949-1954)
===''LE GRAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Walter Le Grand|Le Grand, Sydney Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQDD-D57] - 1902(Qld)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4LG Brisbane (Windsor, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 882, 1925; 2COCP 34, 1929; 1COCP 151, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Windsor, 1925-1926); operator (Woollahra, 1931-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1949; Bondi Junction, 1954-1968); retired (Banora Point, 1972-1977)

===''LELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Lelliott|Lelliott, Thomas &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-4PX] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3ZW Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1930-1939); 3AZW Melbourne (Boronia, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 684, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 68, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Mont Albert, 1937); operator (Caulfield, 1942); public servant (Boronia, 1963-1980)

===''LEMMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Lemmon|Lemmon, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-Z21] - 1885(Eng)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 95, 1915; 2COCP 120, 1930; 1COCP 71, 1930 - coastal wireless operator; WW2; RANRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1915); officer-in-charge Wireless Station (Rockhampton, 1916-1921); radio telegraphist (Applecross, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); wireless operator (Broome, 1937); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1943-1949); retired (Rivervale, 1954-1963)
===''LEMPRIERE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Louis Lempriere|Lempriere, Charles Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Y-NPS] - 1857(Vic)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3ZJ Melbourne (Vermont, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: surgeon (South Yarra, 1912-1919); medical practitioner (Vermont, 1924-1934)

===''LENDRUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Lendrum|Lendrum, Alexander &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NZ-Y5Y] - 1887(Qld)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2YL Sydney (Kensington, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1913); yardman (Toowoomba, 1921); constable (Kensington, 1930-1937)
===''LENNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Lennon|Lennon, Christopher James &quot;Chris&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJL3-LZF] - 1889(Vic)-1932(Aus) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 4, 1929 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916-1917); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1925); telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1931)

===''LEONARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Benedict Leonard|Leonard, Aubrey Benedict]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-N4X] - 1896(NSW)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3EN Receive Drouin (1922-1923); 3EN Drouin (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 244, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Drouin, 1922-1928); radio dealer (Drouin, 1931-1954); retired (Drouin, 1963-1967) 
* [[/John William Leonard|Leonard, John William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G494-BY4] - 1906(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (Black Rock, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 386, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Sandringham, 1931-1943); shopkeeper (Sandringham, 1949-1968)
* [[/Leslie Clarence Leonard|Leonard, Leslie Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH15-16Q] - 1902(Vic)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5LT Adelaide (Payneham, 1946-1947; Medindie, 1948); 5LT Port Lincoln (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2336, 1939, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pilot (The Terrace/Port Pirie, 1939)
* [[/Vincent Halpin Leonard|Leonard, Vincent Halpin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8S4-TXD] - 1915(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Melbourne (?, 1938-1939; Kew, 1946-1956); 3PJ St Andrews (1960); 3PJ Melbourne (Balwyn, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2167, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1937; Kew, 1937-1954); public servant (St Andrews, 1958; Balwyn, 1963-1980)

===''LESLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julian Leslie|Leslie, Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS98-211] - 1873(Vic)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 142, 1915; 1COCP 246, 1932 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, WA, 1910-1912; Applecross, WA, 1913); O.I.C. (Radio Telegraph Station, Broome, WA, 1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Thursday Island, 1925-1926); superintendent of wireless (Auburn, Vic, 1928); supervisor B.H. service (Randwick, NSW, 1930-1949)

===''LESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lester|Lester, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5FQ-NQL] - 1902(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LR Renmark (1930-1937); 5LR Berri (1938-1939); 5LR Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1946-1947; Blackwood, 1954-1965); 5LR Victor Harbour (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 674, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 236, 1935; BOCP 369, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Berri, 1939-1943)

===''LETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Norman Lett|Lett, Frederick James Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-Y8D] - 1903(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2WN Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923); 2WN Sydney (Annandale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Annandale, 1930-1936); publican (Sydney, 1937); hotelkeeper (Clifton Gardens Hotel, Mosman, 1943); Darlinghurst, 1949; Dulwich Hill, 1958; Marrickville, 1963); retired (Church Point, 1968)

===''LEVENSPIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pinkus Levenspiel|Levenspiel, Pinkus or Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JB-QSL] - 1904(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2TX Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 668, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wyong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Wyong, 1949-1963); motor dealer (Ourimbah, 1968-1980)
===''LEVERETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Leverett|Leverett, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV79-R7Q] - 1894(Eng)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 25, 1914; 1COCP 88, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broome, 1916); telegraphist (Ascot, Qld, 1921); wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1943); wireless inspector (Burwood, NSW, 1954)
===''LEVERRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Hewitt Leverrier|Leverrier, Francis Hewitt &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBT-DP5] - 1863(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Waverley, 1911-1914, Licence No. 5) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; radio clubs (WIA, president, 1910) - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Vaucluse, 1930-1934, Kings Counsel) - Relationships: father of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier 
* [[/Frank Neville Leverrier|Leverrier, Frank Neville &quot;Boy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6RF-W2W] - 1904(NSW)-1980(NSW) - 2BK Receive Sydney (Waverley, 1922-1923); 2BK Sydney (Vaucluse, 1924-1930); 2ADE Castle Cove (1969-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 169, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 931, 1926) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio work (Vaucluse, 1930); clerk (Vaucluse, 1933-1937); superintendent (Vaucluse, 1943-1949); public relations (Roseville, 1963-1968; Castle Cove, 1977) - Relationships: son of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier
* [[/Henri Andre Leverrier|Leverrier, Henri Andre &quot;Henry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68N-18J] - 1882(NCL)-1943(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Gordon, 1911); XHL Sydney (City, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, Australian General Electric, Sydney)  - Relationships: nephew of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier; cousin of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Sydney, 1913); manager (Crows Nest, 1930-1937)
===''LEVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Levy|Levy, Richard &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-Z38] - 1909(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5AJ Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 654, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Torrensville, 1943)

===''LEWIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Garrett Lewis|Lewis, Henry Garrett &quot;Harry&quot;]] - 1895(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Hobart (no record of licence identified as yet) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (reported experimenting from 1912); councillor WIA Tas in 1923; manager 3UZ 1924 - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/William John Lewis|Lewis, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYJ-BZQ] - 1908(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2YB Sydney (Marrickville, 1931-1936; McMahons Point, 1937); 6YB Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939); 2YB Sydney (Haberfield, 1947-1950; Paddington, 1954-1969; Ryde, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 863, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Comment: Several contemporaneous WJLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified due to numbers

===''LIGHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lighton|Lighton, Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HJ-HD1] - 1869(Vic)-1940(Vic) - 3CM Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1922-1924), 3RL Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 179, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, storekeeper (Toongabbie, 1903; Benalla, 1916), independent means (East St Kilda, 1928; Armadale, 1937)
===''LINDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Linden|Linden, Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-PRV] - 1904(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4FT Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Murgon, Qld, 1925); mechanic (Wilston, Qld, 1928); storekeeper (Clayfield, Qld, 1936-1937); telephone mechanic (Mackay, Qld, 1943-1949); supervising technician (Bowen, Qld, 1954); PMG technician (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1958-1968)

===''LINDNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Lindner|Lindner, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVX-787] - 1904(NSW)-1981(Qld) - 4BX Receive Brisbane (Alderley) 1922 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wilston, 1928); motor mechanic (Maleny, 1934); mechanic (Windsor, 1936-1972); retired (Mt Samson, 1977)

===''LINDSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Gordon Lindsay|Lindsay, Donald Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-126] - 1909(Vic)-1964(WA) - 2DY Sydney (Gordon, 1925-1936; Ashfield, 1937; Concord, 1938; Kogarah, 1939), amateur operator (AOCP 83, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer
* [[/Herbert Maxwell Lindsay|Lindsay, Herbert Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3L-S78] - 1913(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4HD Nambour (1937-1939); 4HD Buderim (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2027, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); employment (company secretary) - Electoral Rolls: bank officer (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1943);  fruitgrower (Buderim, Qld, 1954-1980)
===''LINKLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Charles Linklater|Linklater, Donald Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-Z44] - 1905(SA)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 5DL Pinnaroo (1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1521, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1949); technician (Bondi Junction, NSW, 1958)

===''LITCHFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ainslie Roland Litchfield|Litchfield, Ainslie Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J3Z-FRP] - 1906(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2RL Cooma (1925-1939), 2RL Sydney (Woollahra, 1947; Darling Point, 1948-1954; Rozelle, 1955-1958; Avalon Beach, 1960-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 200, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, grazier (Cooma, 1930-1937), film producer (Avalon Beach, 1958-1968)
===''LITHGOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Lithgow|Lithgow, John Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-5TL] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Eng) - Licences: 7WJ Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1688, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Marine officer? 1950s-1960s, several sea trips
===''LITTLEJOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sydney Littlejohn|Littlejohn, Arthur Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DW-VDD] - 1905(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939); 4LF Gunalda (1947); 2OU Sydney (Leichhardt, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 579, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Leichhardt, 1930-1958; Haberfield, 1963-1980)

===''LLOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Howard Lloyd|Lloyd, Henry Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST7-9LV] - 1904(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (College Town, 1923-1927); 5AG Adelaide (College Town, 1923); 5HL Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 57, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Beware another Henry Howard Lloyd [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDY-FS3] 1912-1981 in Adelaide, similar times - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Hughie Frederick Lloyd|Lloyd, Hughie or Hugh Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-Y95] - 1917(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5BC Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939); 5BC Berri (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1137, 1933, SA; BOCP 281, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5HD William Edward Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939)
* [[/William Edward Lloyd|Lloyd, William Edward &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGB-WR9] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5HD Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939, 1947-1948; Cumberland, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1215, 1933, SA; 2COCP 763, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5BC Hughie Frederick Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: nil (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LOCKHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Edward Lockhart|Lockhart, Leon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CJ-6GG] - 1912(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LE Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939; Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 514, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 205, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elwood, 1934-1937); engineer (Elsternwick, 1942-1977)
===''LOESER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hedley Edmond Loeser|Loeser, Hedley Edmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXL-RM6] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5LO Adelaide (Goodwood, 1936-1939; Col LIght Gardens, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1748, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: display artist (Reade Park, SA, 1943)

===''LOMAX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Lomax|Lomax, Joseph]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EB Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (St Kilda, Vic, 1913-1914; Ivanhoe, Vic, 1916-1917; Coorparoo, Qld, 1921-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926)

===''LONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Timothy Joseph Long|Long, Timothy Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ19-Z9G] - 1884(Qld)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 140, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Comment: suicide after diagnosis terminal illness - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1908); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Townsville, 1921)
===''LONGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ruth Victoria Longley|Harris nee Longley, Ruth Victoria]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-5GJ] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6YL Perth (Shenton Park, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1808, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator; WW2 - Relationships: Wife of 6NL Valentine Harms Harris - Electoral Rolls: saleswoman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); home duties (Applecross, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Applecross, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''LONGSTAFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Allen Hector Longstaff|Longstaff, Thomas Allen Hector &quot;Allen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQM-WF3] - 1896(SA)-1953(NSW) - Licences: XVR Adelaide (Alberton, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 55, 1915 - early wireless experimenter; coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: executive (Brighton, Vic, 1949)

===''LORDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Allan Lorden|Lorden, Geoffrey Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJB-2P8] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6GL Perth (Perth, 1925-1926; West Perth, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 175, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOCP 2297, 1939; 2COCP 342, 1940; 1COCP 441, 1940), amateur broadcaster, radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949)
===''LOVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Kingsley Love|Love, Howard Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGQ-8S5] - 1895(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3BM Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3BM Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922-1931; Glen Iris, 1933), 3KU Melbourne (Malvern, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 230, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; radio clubs (WIA Vic); business proprietor (radio manufacturer) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Orong, 1919; Malvern East, 1921-1924; Gardiner, 1927-1933); manager (Gardiner, 1936-1937); engineer (Mt. Waverley, 1942) - Comment: gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199407.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199408.pdf EA2]
* [[/James Peile Love|Love, James Peile &quot;Nim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7JF-83Z] - 1906(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JL Brisbane (Kedron, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 469, 1928, No. ?? in Qld (Halcyon AOCP 1930); 3COCP 5259, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF) - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Kedron, 1928-1943; Hawthorne, 1949-1980)
===''LOVETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Frank Lovett|Lovett, Hubert Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHG1-DT2] - 1905(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7HL Hobart (1926-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 246, 1926, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart North, 1928-1937); manager (Hobart South, 1949; Nelson, 1954) - Links: [https://info.scholarships.utas.edu.au/AwardDetails.aspx?AwardId=2813 UTAS Scholarship]
* [[/Percy Lovett|Lovett, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB5-M21] - 1906(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2JP Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2210, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''LUBACH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Lubach|Lubach, Frederick John &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H7-VZD] - 1919(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4RF Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1947); Dalby (1948-1950); Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1954; Camp Hill, 1965-75; Loganlea, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1745, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 868, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, instructor, QSL manager); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); broadcast technician (4QS, Capalaba) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Dalby, Qld, 1949; Coorparoo, Qld, 1954; Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Loganlea, Qld, 1980)

===''LUCAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gillen Frederick Lucas|Lucas, Gillen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-Y7P] - 1894(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5LL Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1935-1939; Port Adelaide, 1947; Maylands, 1948; Trinity Gardens, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1589, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Kilkenny, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LUCKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Forsythe Arthur Luckman|Luckman, Charles Forsythe Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMF8-LS2] - 1901(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 2JT Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922); 2JT Sydney (Croydon, 1923-1926; Lakemba, 1927-1933; Croydon, 1934; Ashfield, 1935-1938; Croydon, 1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 41, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lift engineer (Lakemba, 1930-1933); electrician (Croydon, 1935-1943); electrical mechanic (Croydon, 1954-1972)
* [[/Thomas Stuart Luckman|Luckman, Thomas Stuart &quot;Stuart&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-8CD] - 1913(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4SL Brisbane (Kalinga, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 783, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, CMF, Signals Northern Command); occupation (hardware executive) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kalinga, 1936-1937); storeman (Hendra, 1943-1958); retired (Aspley, 1972-1977; Carseldine, 1980)

===''LUHRS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Albert Luhrs|Luhrs, Victor Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZYN-VJJ] - 1888(Vic)-1964(SA) - Licences: V761 Receive Woori Yallock (1922); 3HB Receive Woori Yallock (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Torquon West, Nhill, 1909; Netherby, 1912-1914; Cavendish, 1916-1919; Woori Yallock, 1922-1924; Kalyan, SA, 1939); grazier (Tintinara, SA, 1941-1943)
===''LUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Douglas Lum|Lum, Allan Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92F-LX7] - 1913(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5AL Adelaide (Joslin, 1932-1939; Hyde Park, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 980, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 427, 1940; TVOCP 263, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Gawler, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Hyde Park, SA, 1943)

===''LUMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd John Lumb|Lumb, Lloyd John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84C-LF2] - 1907(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LL Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 471, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); postal electrician (Stanthorpe, 1943); technician (Ashgrove, 1949); engineer (Ashgrove, 1958-1972)

===''LUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Vincent Lunn|Lunn, Harold Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-4X5] - 1908(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 5HL Adelaide (Morphettville, 1935-1939); 2ANE Sydney (North Ryde) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1449, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Morphettville, SA, 1939-1943; Hurstville South, NSW, 1972); retired (North Ryde, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''LUXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilfred Luxon|Luxon, George Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5YJ-XTL] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5RX Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1928-1939, 1946-1965; Torrens Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 450, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster late 1920s; WW2; WIA SA (several official duties) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mitcham, 1939-1943)

===''LYNCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold John Lynch|Lynch, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTD-VXL] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4HL Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1934-1939, 1946-1956; Slacks Creek, 1960-1975); 4HL Springbrook (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1268, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); business proprietor (restaurants, picture theatres) - Electoral Rolls: cutter (Albion, Qld, 1928); shopkeeper (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Valley, Qld, 1949); shopkeeper (St Lucia, Qld, 1954; Slacks Creek, Qld, 1958-1968); owner (Slacks Creek, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Springbrook, Qld, 1980)

===''LYONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Thomas Lyons|Lyons, Joseph Aloysius Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGY-XKB] - 1879(Tas)-1939(NSW) - teacher, state politician, Premier of Tasmania, federal politician, Postmaster-General, Prime Minister of Australia, actively promoted development of broadcasting in Australia over two decades - Electoral Rolls:

=='''M'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''MABBITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Matthew Mabbitt|Mabbitt, John Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FD5] - 1905(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3KI Lake Boga (1930-1939); 3JG Lake Boga (1947-1948); 3JG Swan Hill (1954-1960); 3JG Melbourne (Templestowe, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 588, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Lake Boga, 1928-1949); supervisor (Swan Hill, 1954); public servant (Templestowe, 1963)

===''MACDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Macdonald|Macdonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-WT8] - 1883(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 45, 1936 - senior federal public servant (Chief Engineer, Radiotelegraph Branch, PMGD, 1914); Lieutenant-Commander Telegraphist (RAN, in charge captured German Pacific Wireless); chief engineer 7EX; supervised erection 3AR, 5CL, 7ZL; early TV research  - Comment: Don't confuse with Don Macdonald AWA consultant - Electoral Rolls: Numerous contemporaneous DMcDs - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199505.pdf EA]
* [[/Llewellyn Macdonald|Macdonald, Llewellyn &quot;Lew&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-73F] - 1908(Eng)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2WU Newcastle (West Maitland, 1929-1934; Wickham, 1935-1936; Waratah, 1937; Mayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 478, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 69, 1936; BOCP 50, 1936; 1COCP 125, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (West Maitland, 1930; Wickham, 1936); joiner (Waratah, 1937; Charlestown, 1972)

===''MACFARLANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred - see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred

===''MACGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. MacGregor|MacGregor, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4ZU Brisbane (Windsor, -1947+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''MACKAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Stewart Mackay|Mackay, Cedric Stewart or Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/973G-3Q2] - 1889(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XADF Coffs Harbour (1913-1914); 2GP Urunga (1922-1931); 2GO Coffs Harbour (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 149, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Urunga, 1930); agent (Coffs Harbour, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ian Keith Mackay|Mackay, Ian Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JG-NHF] - 1907(NZ)-1985(NZ) - author, historian (broadcast, &quot;Broadcasting in New Zealand&quot; (1953), &quot;Broadcasting in Australia&quot; (1957), &quot;Broadcasting in Nigeria&quot; (1964), &quot;Broadcasting in Papua New Guinea&quot; (1976) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting executive (Lane Cove, 1954); executive (Killara, 1958)
* [[/Ronald Reay Mackay|Mackay, Ronald Reay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-Y6T] - 1905(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3FZ Receive Melbourne (Carlton, 1922); 3MU Melbourne (Carlton, 1931-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, principal (RMIT) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Carlton, 1931-1963) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mackay-ronald-reay-10980 ADB]
===''MACKEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Francis Mackel|Mackel, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DJ-FP5] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2HG Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965; Hunters Hill, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 585, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1943); insurance inspector (Lane Cove, 1949-1954); insurance manager (Lane Cove, 1958-1963); manager (Hunters Hill, 1968-1980)
===''MACKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Harper Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Alexander Harper &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-MVZ] - 1892(Sct)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4GK Brisbane (Wynnum, 1930-1939; Bulimba, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 628, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Fire Service) - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Brisbane City, 1916; Hamilton, 1919; Brisbane City, 1925); fire brigade officer (Wynnum, 1928-1936); newsagent (Bulimba, 1949); retired (Bulimba, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 4YL Florence Madeline Mackenzie and 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie
* [[/Arthur Alexander Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-796] - 1918(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4HJ Jericho (1937); 4HJ Brisbane (Wynnum, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1346, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Townsville, 1949); newsagent (Grange, 1954-1963); public servant (Townsville, 1972; Cleveland, 1972; Thornlands, 1977, Cleveland, 1980) - Relationships: son of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; brother of 4YL Florence Madeline Streamer nee Mackenzie
* [[/Florence Madeline Mackenzie|Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-B8C] - 1922(Qld)-19??(Qld) - Licences: 4YL Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; third YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Mitchelton, 1949; New Farm, 1954) - Relationships: daughter of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; sister of 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Harold Stuart Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Harold Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L21R-VGN] - 1908(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AM Brisbane (Annerley, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 518, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 90, 1937; 1COCP 239, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1937); company manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1943-1954); radio operator (Blackheath, 1958); unemployed (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968); technician (Burleigh Heads, 1972-1980)

===''MACKINNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Eric Wilton MacKinnon|MacKinnon, Colin Eric Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK45-QRQ] - 1941(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2KCM Sydney 1980s; 2DYM Sydney (1980-2004)- Qualifications: NAOCP N1793, 1981; AOLCP N1281, 1981; AOCP N1032, 1981, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; historian (amateur radio; military radio; radar) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cronulla, 1968; Hurstville, 1977); retired (Glenhaven, 1980) - [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Colin_MacKinnon.htm Obit]

===''MACLARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Foster St Clair Maclardy|Maclardy, William John Foster St Clair &quot;Will&quot;]] - 1892(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2HP Sydney (Neutral Bay &amp; Cremorne,1922-1925), amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), journalist (Smith's Weekly, Wireless Weekly), correct surname is St Clair Maclardy but rarely used, son of William McIntyre St Clair Maclardy, one time Wireless Weekly proprietor
===''MACLAREN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Catto Maclaren|Maclaren, Donald Catto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-2R2] - 1909(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2DM Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1939); 2NN Narrabri (1947-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 655, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Haberfield, 1933-1936; Taree, 1937; Narrabri, 1949)
===''MACLURCAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Dansie Maclurcan|Maclurcan, Charles Dansie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWR7-LJ3] - 1889(Qld)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XDM Sydney (1909-1914); 2CM Sydney (Strathfield, 1921-1939; Neutral Bay, 1946-1957); 2CY Sydney (Strathfield, 1923, briefly by administrative error); first licence issued under new 1922 radio regulations - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 98, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; business proprietor (Maclurcan and Lane, 1909-19??, Maclurcan Engineering, Hotel Wentworth) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Darling Harbour, 1913); engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1934); hotel manager (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/maclurcan-hannah-13070 ADB] [[w:2CM|Wikipedia]] [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/who-was-radio-pioneer-charles-maclurcan/ radioinfo]

===''MACM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Chestnut McMillan|McMillan, Joseph Chestnut]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-8TG] - 1901(Sct)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 7BP Receive Hobart (City, 1923); 7BP Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1928)

===''MACPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Duncan Macpherson|Macpherson, Alexander Duncan &quot;Sandy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/29CF-Z3F] - 1899(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4MC Brisbane (Nundah, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Oakleigh, 1954; Chermside, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1271, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Toombul RC); Qld Lands (draughtsman) - Comment: Slow update for death in Electoral Rolls? - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1949; Oakleigh, Qld, 1954; Chermside, Qld, 1958-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MADDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney John Madden|Madden, Sydney John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-WGL] - 1900(Sct)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MN Perth (City, 1930; North Perth, 1931; Maylands, 1933-1937; Wembley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 264, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Maylands, WA, 1931-1937; Wembley Park, WA, 1937-1943); supervisor (Wembley, WA, 1954)

===''MADDICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Maddick|Maddick, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLB-J2P] - 1890(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: XLX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EF Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3EF Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 161, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; perpetrator of the foul mouthed parrot incident - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Elsternwick, 1917); mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1954)

===''MAGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin William Michael Magee|Magee, Kevin William Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-51Z] - 1913(Vic)-1979(Vanuatu) - Licences: 5KM Adelaide (City, 1931-1933); 2UN Sydney (Paddington, 1936); 3UN Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937); 3KM Melbourne (Kew, 1947-1960; North Balwyn, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 874, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: staff cadet (Victoria Barracks, NSW, 1936); military officer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1937; Kew, Vic, 1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1949-1954); company director (Kew, Vic, 1963); director (Balwyn, Vic, 1967-1972)

===''MAGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lindsay Maguire|Maguire, Arthur Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SN-BKC] - 1921(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3IO Stratford (1938-1939; 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2216, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Stratford, 1949-1977); grazier (Munro, 1980)
* [[/Ernest Norbert Maguire|Maguire, Ernest Norbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR4X-F61] - 1892(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KL Sydney (Lewisham, 1928-1930; Dulwich Hill, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 387, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Lewisham, 1930-1932); sergeant of police (Putney, 1943; Gladesville, 1949-1958); retired (Lake Illawarra South, 1963)
* [[/Sydney William Maguire|Maguire, Sydney William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDF-L85] - 1903(WA)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2XY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Paddington, 1935-1936; North Bondi, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 933, 1926; AOLCP 74, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Glenmore, 1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Maroubra North, 1943); inspector (Maroubra North, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1958)

===''MAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Mahon|Mahon, Hugh]] - 1857(Ire)-1931(Vic) - senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1904)

===''MALCOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Graham Malcolm|Malcolm, Keith Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8F-K5W] - 1949(Eng)-2011(NSW) - Licences: 3ZYK Melbourne (North Clayton, 1969; Mulgrave, 1975; Berwick, 1980); 1???; 2??? - Qualifications: AOLCP 2407, 1967 - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC); Communications Laboratory DoC (Director) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayton, Vic, 1972; Mulgrave, 1977; Berwick, 1980)
===''MALONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Joseph Malone|Malone, James Joseph &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWL8-8DP] - 1883(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 240, 1916 - employment (NSW P&amp;T, Telegraph Messenger; PMGD, Cadet Engineer, Controller Wireless; OTC, Manager); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayfield, Qld, 1917-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926-1928); chief inspector wireless (Kew, Vic, 1931-1937); Deputy Director, Posts and Telegraphs (Indooroopilly, 1943); public servant (Lindfield, NSW, 1949-1963) - Links: [[w:James Joseph Malone|Wikipedia]];  [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_05_30#P.109_-_Commonwealth_Controller_of_Wireless|Bio]]
===''MALPAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth John Malpas|Malpas, Kenneth John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGC2-BNN] - 1909(SA)-1929(SA) - Licences: 5XG Kadina (1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 313, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''MANGNALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hartley Mangnall|Mangnall, Robert Hartley Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MD-3L2] - 1903(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3?? Melbourne (Carlton, 1927); 3HB Melbourne (Highett, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 350, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Carlton, 1936); engineer (Sandringham, 1942-1963)
===''MANIFOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Charles Manifold|Manifold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXMR-BFZ] - 1908(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1933; McKinnon, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 647, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Malvern, 1931-1934; Bentleigh, 1936-1980)
===''MANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Mann|Mann, John Edward &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JY-STV] - 1912(SA)-1941(off Libyan coast) - Licences: 5EM Semaphore (1934-1938); 3IE Westmere (1938); 3IE Ballarat (1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1304, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, telegraphist) - Relationships: Son of Thomas William Mann - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1675471 AWM]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10278775 AWM] - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; 
* [[/Sydney George Mann|Mann, Sydney George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DP-V1C] - 1908(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3KY Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1931; Hampton, 1937-1939, 1946-1954; East Brighton, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 594, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Sergeant) - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Glenhuntly, 1931); mechanic (Sandringham, 1936-1937); shopkeeper (Woodend, 1942); mechanic (Hampton, 1949-1954); sales (Carnegie, 1963); salesman (St Kilda, 1967)
* [[/Thomas William Mann|Mann, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLZ-2S3] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 5EM-3IE John Edward Mann- Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol John Roland Manning|Manning, Athol John Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69L-G2L] - 1916(Tas)-2005(Tas) - Licences: 7LR Devonport (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1367, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Devonport, 1949-1954) 
* [[/Clifton Joseph Manning|Manning, Clifton Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G893-WW6] - 1909(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3CJ Melbourne (Ringwood, 1927; Elwood, 1931-1937; Eltham, 1938-1939; Balwyn, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1948; Beaumaris, 1954-1960); 3CJ Orbost (1965); 3CJ Marlo (1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 338, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 877, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (St Kilda, 1931-1936; Canterbury, 1943; Templestowe, 1949; Sandringham, 1954-1963); farmer (Orbost, 1967-1968); retired (Marlo, 1972-1977; Lang Lang, 1980)
===''MANSFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Mansfield|Mansfield, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZQ Burnie (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MANTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Thomas Mantle|Mantle, Joseph Patrick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-DP9] - 1913(Qld)-1976(Fiji) - Licences: 4XF Brisbane (Ascot, 1933-1939); 4XF Townsville (Hermit Park, 1947-1948); 4XF Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1960); 3AEN Bendigo (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1146, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 1083, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ascot, Qld, 1936); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business manager (New Farm, Qld, 1954); manager (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); sales manager (Warwick, Qld, 1963); no occupation (Townsville, Qld, 1963); sales executive (Petersham, NSW, 1972)
===''MANUEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Thomas Manuel|Manuel, Robert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5S-3R5] - 1910(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5RT Adelaide (Prospect, 1932-1939, 1947-1960; Beefacres, 1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1052, 1932, SA; BOCP 1310, 1953; 2COCP 1279, 1953; 1COCP 1688, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARCONI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi|Marconi, Guglielmo Giovanni Maria]] - 1874(Italy)-1937(Italy) - Inventor, electrical engineer, entrepreneur, businessman; pioneer of long distance radio transmission, widely credited as the inventor of radio; shared 1909 Nobel prize for physics for contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy 
===''MARCUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eugen Gerald Marcuse|Marcuse, Eugen Gerald &quot;Gerald&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9C3M-X1G] - 1886(Eng)-1961(Eng) - Licences: G2NM England - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer

===''MARKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Sydney Marks|Marks, Joseph Sydney or Sydney Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQG4-X1G] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Receive Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922); 2GR Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio trader (Electricity House, Marks' Radio Company); electrician; police officer; sued by 2BL for non-payment of fees in 1924 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rose Bay, 1930-1949)

===''MARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric William Marley|Marley, Cedric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVF2-DJ4] - 1918(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4CJ Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1938-1939; Graceville, 1947; Kalinga, 1948); 4CJ Rockhampton (1954-1956); 4CJ South Mackay (1960); 9CJ Port Moresby (1965); Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2079, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); broadcast technician (PMG, ABC); WW2 (RAN, telegraphist); federal public servant (PMG, ABC) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Kalinga, Qld, 1949; Rockhampton, Qld, 1954); broadcast technician (Mackay, Qld, 1958; Bucasia, Mackay, Qld, 1958; Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''MARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Clanan Marr|Marr, Charles William Clanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M8V-QQM] - 1880(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: MHR (Forrest, 1929); director (Crows Nest, NSW, 1933); company director (Wollstonecraft, 1933-1935); director (Crows Nest, 1935); company director (Pymble, 1937-1943; Killara, 1943-1949; Pymble, 1954-1958)

===''MARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Burton Mars|Mars, Ernest Burton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VJ-GWR] - 1907(SA)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Unley, 1923-1924); 4EM Charleville (1930-1933); 2EM Dubbo (1934-1936); 4EM Charleville (1937-1939, 1946-1947); 2GE Moree (1948); 4EM Emerald (1954-1955); 4EM Charleville (1956); 4EM Longreach (1960); 4EM Currumbin (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 686, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 23, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Dubbo, 1935); bank official (Charleville, 1937-1943; Wagga Wagga, 1949); bank clerk (Moree, 1949); bank manager (Commonwealth Bank Emerald, 1954; Commonwealth Bank, Charleville, 1958; Longreach, 1963); retired (Currumbin, 1968; Palm Beach, Qld, 1977-1980) - established 4VL Charleville commercial

===''MARSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Marsden|Marsden, Robert Cecil &quot;Cecil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92N-W62] - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Sydney, 1909; 2JM Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922); 2JM Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1923-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1925-1926; Edgecliff, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW, local NSW clubs) - Relationships: Father of 2VV-2FV Robert Morris Marsden - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Woolahra, 1930; Epping, 1930-1958); manager (Castlecrag, 1958-1968)
* [[/Robert Morris Marsden|Marsden, Robert Morris]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX1-VPG] - 1916(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2VV Sydney (Kingsford, 1958-1969); 2FV Tuross Heads (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 226, 1956; AOCP 3627, 1957, NSW - amateur operator; WW2 (RAAF) - Relationships: Son of 2JM Robert Cecil Marsden - Electoral Rolls: taxi proprietor (Bondi Beach, 1949; Kingsford, 1958-1972); retired (Tuross Heads, 1972-1980)
===''MARSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Westport Marsh|Marsh, Sydney or Sidney Westport]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFLN-PKM] - 1889(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK West Wallsend (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ladysmith, 1913); fitter (West Wallsend, 1930-1937)
===''MARSHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archie Francis Marshall|Marshall, Archie Francis &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37M-W83] - 1907(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4AF Clifton (1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 438, 1928, No. 48 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (blacksmith, fitter/turner) - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith (Clifton, 1930-1980)
* [[/Herbert Anthony Marshall|Marshall, Herbert Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJR-P3P] - 1888(India)-1948(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Port Pirie, 1910; 2HM Armidale (1924-1926); 2HM Sydney (Bondi, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 115, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 48, 1931 - Comment: proud of his initials &quot;H.A.M.&quot;, early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Relationships: his daughter Denise Chalmers Marshall frequently on air over 2HM - TroveTag: &quot;2HM - Herbert Anthony Marshall&quot; - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Bondi, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1934-1943)
* [[/Mary Austine Marshall|Henry nee Marshall, Mary Austine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-GR6] - 1913(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3YL Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1930-1939, 1946-1956; East Malvern, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 619, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Oakleigh, 1936-1937); no occupation (Oakleigh, 1942-1954); home duties (Oakleigh, 1958-1980) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Vaughan Edward Marshall|Marshall, Vaughan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86T-KNY] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3UK Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1933; Kew, 1937-1939, 1946-1969; Mt Eliza, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 603, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Kew, 1936); tea specialist (Kew, 1937-1968); retired (Mt Eliza, 1977-1980)

===''MARSLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Bruce Marsland|Marsland, Benjamin Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-X47] - 1906(Qld)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 4DX Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928); teller (Normanton, Qld, 1930); bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931; Malanda, Qld, 1932); no occupation (Annerley, Qld, 1943)

===''MARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Thomas Marston|Marston, James Thomas &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKDX-19C] - 1920(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Belmont, 1948; Morningside, 1954); 4JA Toowoomba (1955-1956); 4JA Brisbane (Boondall, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2655, 1948, Qld - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943); engineer (Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); technician (Boondall, Qld, 1963-1972)
* [[/W. L. Marston|Marston, W. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Martin|Martin, James Frederick]] - 1909(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3MJ Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1927-1933); 3JM Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 340, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1936); traveller (North Fitzroy, 1949; Heidelberg, 1954-1963); sales director (Doncaster, 1967); sales (Noble Park, 1972)
* [[/John Michael Martin|Martin, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX79-GWZ] - 1886(Irl)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 146, 1915; 1COCP 58, 1935 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Comment: several contemporaneous JMMs - Electoral Rolls: Ancestry 299 hits  too be sifted
* [[/John Robert Martin|Martin, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWFG-HMM] - 1919(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4MX Cunnamulla (1937-1939); 4MX Toowoomba (1946-1954); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1955-1960); 4MX Julia Creek (1965-1969); 4MX Finch Hatton (1975); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1933, 1937, Qld; BOCP 147, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); business proprietor (radio service); Presbyterian minister - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949-1954); radio technician (Gaythorne, Qld, 1958; Kingaroy, Qld, 1963); missionary (Blackall, Qld, 1972; Gaythorne, Qld, 1972); minister of religion (Enoggera, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Malcolm Martin|Martin, Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-PG7] - 1903(UK)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4KY Ipswich (1933-1939); 4KY Brisbane (Sandgate, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1110, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: carriage trimmer (Woodend, Qld, 1925-1937; Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Silas Martin|Martin, Silas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXMT-6WS] - 1874(NSW)-1945(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Perth, 1903-1906; East Perth, 1912-1914); mechanic (Rockhampton, 1917-1921); radio mechanic (Cooktown, 1925; Beam Wireless Station, Ballan, 1928-1943); mechanic (Marrickville, NSW, 1943)
* [[/Walter J. Martin|Martin, Walter J.]] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 1, 1914, No. 1 in Aus and Vic, Marconi &amp; Telefunken) - coastal station operator?
* [[/William Anthony Martin|Martin, William Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-KPZ] - 1911(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WM Hobart (West Hobart, 1929-1931); 7WM Gawler (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 497, 1929, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 70, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous William Anthony Martin's

===''MASHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Wilfred Mashman|Mashman, Lionel Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6K-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2OB Receive Sydney (Bexley, 1923-1924), 2OB Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 84, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''MASTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Harold Masters|Masters, Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPY] - 1875(Vic)-1951(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed); vice president WIA Launceston 1920s; later prominent architect - Relationships: brother of 7MM William Edward Masters - Electoral Rolls: architect (Launceston, 1928-1949)
* [[/Brian Jermyn Masters|Masters, Brian Jermyn &quot;Jermyn&quot;]] - 1891(Vic)-1950(NZ) - 3LM Receive Melbourne (Armadale, 1923), 3LM Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925), amateur operator (pre-AOCP; no record found of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, operated his station both individually and on behalf WIA Malvern
* [[/William Edward Masters|Masters, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPW] - 1873(Vic)-1952(Tas) - Licences: 7MM Hobart (Bellerive 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1066, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; solicitor - Relationships: brother of Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot; Masters - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Bellerive, 1914-1949) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27111852 Obituary]

===''MATCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Kenneth Lyle Matchett|Matchett, John Kenneth Lyle &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1L-SCZ] - 1921(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Licences: 3TL Melbourne (Box Hill, 1960; Templestowe, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3700, 1958, Vic - amateur operator, WW2, member Old Timer's Club - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949); teacher (Bayswater, 1954); lecturer (Templestowe, 1963-1980) - curator of the WIA QSL card collection for many years; personally acquired a large collection of Australian amateur QSL cards which were donated to the WIA collection on his passing, many thousands of QSLs provided by Wolf Harranth of Dokufunk on an exchange basis
===''MATHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Stewart Mather|Mather, Alexander Stewart &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTL-WWC] - 1909(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2JZ Singleton (1929-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 479, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 89, 1932; TVOCP 273, 1960 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cordial manufacturer (Singleton, 1930-1968)
===''MATHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campion Mathews|Mathews, John Campion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-46V] - 1912(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3SY Geelong (Newtown, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+); 3JM Portable Geelong (Newtown, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 709, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Newtown, 1934-1968); operator (Newtown, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Mathews|Mathews, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82Z-KX2] - 1914(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4EE Rockhampton (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1414, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MATTHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Thomas Matthews|Matthews, Fred or Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-22K] - 1904(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4FK Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); business proprietor (Matthews Fire Alarm Co) - Awards: OBE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Merthyr, 1925-1958); engineer (New Farm, 1963-1980)
* [[/John Leigh Inglis Matthews|Matthews, John Leigh Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKN-159] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJD Melbourne (Richmond, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Richmond, 1913-1919)
* [[/Kenneth Morgan Matthews|Matthews, Kenneth Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-R2W] - 1911(SA)-2009(SA)98yo - Licences: 5GN Adelaide (Malvern, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1732, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Malvern, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/551921 VWMA]
* [[/V. J. Matthews|Matthews, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AQ Perth (Bayswater, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Stott's College (Principal, early 1920s) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified, WA till about 1925, Victoria late 1920s
* [[/Walter John Penrose Matthews|Matthews, Walter John Penrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5TS-HZN] - 1880(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5BS Receive Murray Bridge (1922); Receive Murray Bridge (1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: lifter SA Railways (Tailem Bend, SA, 1939-1943)

===''MAUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Mauger|Mauger, Samuel &quot;Sam&quot;]] - 1857(Vic)-1936(Vic) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1908)
===''MAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Maughan|Maughan, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-BJW] - 1903(WA)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3HH Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1922); 3HH Melbourne (Malvern, 1923-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 14, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 82, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Malvern East, 1925-1954)

===''MAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Mawson|Mawson, Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3H-42N] - 1882(Eng)-1958(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Head Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914) - Electoral Rolls: [[w:Douglas Mawson|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mawson-sir-douglas-7531 ADB]
* [[/Ernest Richard Mawson|Mawson, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2W9T-NJN] - 1861(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Sydney (Campsie, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Parramatta, 1903); no occupation (Dee Why, 1930-1933; Harbord, 1934-1936; Manly, 1937-1943)

===''MAXWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alston Maxwell|Maxwell, Ronald Alston]] - 1908(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2KS Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 656, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Randwick, 1933; Liverpool, 1934-1935; Croydon, 1936-1937); clerk (Caringbah, 1949)

===''MAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank May|May, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-CXP] - 1878(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6FM Dwellingup (1929-1931); 6FM Gnowangerup (1933); 6FM Esperance (1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 139, 1915; AOCP 560, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: stationmaster (Gnowangerup, 1931; Esperance, 1936-1937; Armadale, 1943; Collie, 1949)
===''MAYGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Hubert Mayger|Mayger, Neil Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F7-J2D] - 1890(Vic)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1930); sales (Darlinghurst, 1937); salesman (East Sydney, 1937); Sales (Darlinghurst, 1943)

===''MCATEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McAteer|McAteer, Brother Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKT-JWB] - 1881(NZ)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Receive Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1923); 5AQ Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCAULEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Money McAuley|McAuley, William John Money &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKH-Z5Y] - 1909(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3WM Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 221, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: jackaroo (Nyngan, 1930); grazier (Womboota, 1937-1943)

===''MCBRIDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander James McBride|McBride, Alexander James]] - 1914(Qld)-1993(Qld) - 4BR Brisbane (Wilston, 1939, 1947-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 2320, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), business (radio repair)

===''MCCABE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Bernard McCabe|McCabe, William Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ1C-FN2] - 1864(Irl)-1938(WA) - Licences: 7AQ Clarence Point (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (St Kilda, Vic, 1912; Balaclava, 1913-1914; Elsternwick, 1915-1921; Caulfield, 1924); orchardist (Clarence Point, 1922-1928); civil engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1937)
===''MCCALMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Colin McCalman|McCalman, Maxwell Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-V77] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 3KX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 142, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, musician (1934), engineer (1943-1963)
===''MCCANDLISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack McCandlish|McCandlish, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-TJC] - 1915(Eng)-1943(Ins) - Licences: 3HN Sea Lake (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1468, 1935, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Sergeant, Commando, 1943) - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Sea Lake, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1685215]
===''MCCARTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Keith McCarthy|McCarthy, John Keith &quot;Keith / Macca&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1998(Qld) - 3FX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1932-1933), 2IM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1934), 2VM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1935), 3FX Melbourne (Hampton, 1937; Ascot Vale, 1938-1939; City, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1954-1956), 9AR On board yacht Pandemonium (1969),  P29AR/MM On board yacht Pandemonium (1975), 4DU Beenleigh (1980), 4PY Surfers Paradise (1980), amateur operator (AOCP 1036, 1932, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, state public servant (Vic Railways, telegraphist), military (RAAF, DFC, AFM, AE)
===''MCCULLAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Austral McCullagh|McCullagh, Alexander Austral]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNN-V7Y] - 1897(Qld)-1981(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Home Hill, 1923); 2RR Sydney (Balgowlah, 1965-1969); 9NI Norfolk Island (1975) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2977, 1959; AOLCP 754, 1959; AOCP 4229, 1964, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Sandgate, Qld, 1919); chemist (Inkerman Mill, Qld, 1922); engineer (Bondi North, NSW, 1930; Abbotsford, NSW, 1932-1933; Edgecliff, NSW, 1933; Burwood, NSW, 1934-1936); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949-1963); retired (Green Point, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''MCCULLOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Robert McCulloch|McCulloch, George Robert]] - 1907(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3XM Receive Ballarat (1923-1924), 3GM Ballarat (1925-1939, 1946-1965+), amateur operator (AOCP 198, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968)

===''MCDERMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Westall McDermott|McDermott, James Westall &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-PY2] - 1913(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JM Brisbane (1930) &amp; Nambour (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 711, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4RM Robert Ernest McDermott; son of 4WP Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1949); radio engineer (Nambour, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Robert Ernest McDermott|McDermott, Robert Ernest &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW8-QJ5]  - 1917(Qld)-2006(Qld) - Licences: 4RM Nambour (1938-1939); 4RM Brisbane (Ekibin, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2223, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); business proprietor (radio/TV retail, Ekibin) - Relationships: brother of James Westall McDermott; son of Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, 1943; Ekibin, 1949-1968); TV engineer (Tewantin, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Westall Samuel McDermott|McDermott, Westall Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-2SQ] - 1889(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4WP Nambour (1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2087, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of James Westall McDermott &amp; Robert Ernest McDermott - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Hendon, Qld, 1916-1917; Sandgate, Qld, 1921; Glen Eagle, Qld, 1925-1928; Rosemount, Qld, 1934; Nambour, Qld, 1937-1958); retired (Nambour, Qld, 1963)

===''MCDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
SEE ALSO MACDONALD
* [[/Arthur Stephen McDonald|McDonald, Arthur Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36J-ZLJ] - 1891(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 700, 1922 - broadcast engineer (PMGD, RANRS, AWA); professional society administrator (IEA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1913; St Kilda, Vic, 1916-1924; Vaucluse, NSW, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1936); engineer (Edgecliff, 1943; Double Bay, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdonald-arthur-stephen-7333 ADB]; [https://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P001299b.htm Bright Sparks]
* [[/Colin McDonald|McDonald, Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-SCG] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Rockhampton (1935-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1440, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1958); accountant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1968-1972)
* [[/Donald McDonald|McDonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)?
* [[/Donald Munro McDonald|McDonald, Donald Munro]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Yarraville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Comment: Several contemporaneous DMMs
* [[/John McDonald|McDonald, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-WJR] - 1894(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 137, 1915; CPRT 190, 1916 (replacement?) - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMcD - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified; Ancestry.com 1000s of hits to be sifted
* [[/Wilfred Neville McDonald|McDonald, Wilfred Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-DB1] - 1914(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Parramatta, 1935-1936); 4ZT Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1937; New Farm, 1938-1939; Annerley, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1412, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Granville, NSW, 1936); radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Annerley, Qld, 1949); electrical engineer (Tennyson, Qld, 1954-1963); manager (Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''MCDONOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard McDonough|McDonough, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQX-NXY] - 1875(Wales)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920) - Electoral Rolls: Royal Navy (Newport, Vic, 1914-1915); Royal Australian Navy (Yarraville, Vic, 1917-1919); hotel proprietor (West Maitland, 1930-1935); retired (Wickham, 1937)

===''MCDOWALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine McDowall|McDowall, Valentine &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M14R-SPG] - 1881(Qld)-1957(Qld) - 4CN Receive Brisbane (1922); 4CM Brisbane (City, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radiographer; WW2 - 4CM operator primarily Thomas Murray Browse Elliott after about 1925 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Laidley, 1906-1914; Clayfield, 1919; Ascot, 1934-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdowall-valentine-7349 ADB]
===''MCDOWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Daniel McDowell|McDowell, John Edward Daniel or John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX86-J52] - 1914(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Ascot, 1937-1939); 4CX Gladstone (1947-1965); 4CX Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1873, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Ascot, Qld, 1937); chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1943-1949); industrial chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1954-1963); chemistry instructor (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''MCELWEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Johnston McElwee|McElwee, George Johnston]] - 1879(Tas)-1981(Tas) - involved with Launceston Radio Clubs searching for the roar

===''MCGARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Ignatius McGarry|McGarry, Lloyd Ignatius]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GT-4PR] - 1919(NSW)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4XY Roma (1937-1939); 4XY Rockhampton (1947); 4XY Brisbane (Taringa, 1948; Coorparoo, 1954-1956); 2ALM Sydney (Lakemba, 1960-1965); 1AM Canberra (Macquarie, 1969-1975); 4ALL Brisbane (Kingston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1943, 1937, Qld; BOCP 139, 1937; 2COCP 607, 1942; 1COCP 1026, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4GR, 4ZR); military (RAAF, WW2, mobile wireless, post WW2 Naval Intelligence); federal public servant (PMGD); scientist (Ionospheric Prediction Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Deagon, Qld, 1949); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1958; Townsville, Qld, 1958)

===''MCGAURAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Duncan James Macfarlane McGauran|McGauran, Duncan James Macfarlane]] - 1849(NZ)-1889(NSW) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria, member; Society of Telegraph Engineers, London, member), employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs; WA Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendant Telegraphs; NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs), patents in Quadraplex Telegraphy, father of Duncan James McGauran (telegraphist, accountant, inventor of a telephone meter)

===''MCGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carney Mitchell McGee|McGee, Carney Mitchell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-9LF] - 1910(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 5LX Adelaide (Mile End, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 676, 1930, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 52, 1936; 1COCP 210, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (North Unley, SA, 1939); assistant radio inspector (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1943); radio inspector (Kensington, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Como, 1980)
===''MCGEOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Samuel McGeoch|McGeoch, William Leslie Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVNY-SDX] - 1912(WA)-2007(WA) - Licences: 6WL Brookton (1935-1939, 1947-1956); 6WL Bunbury (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1442, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Brookton, WA, 1936-1943); radio service (Brookton, WA, 1958); electrician (Carey Park, WA, 1968-1980)

===''MCGOWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Walker McGowan|McGowan, Samuel Walker]] - 1829(Irl)-1887(Vic) - Vic Posts and Telegraphs (Superintendent Telegraphs), successfully tendered for the first Australian electric telegraph 1854 (Melbourne to Williamstown) then appointed to the public service to operate and maintain it, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria)

===''MCGRATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Philip McGrath|McGrath, Edward Philip &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW87-9K5] - 1906(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5MO Adelaide (Parkside, 1933-1939; West Mitcham, 1947-1965; Aldgate, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1175, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Parkside, SA, 1939)
* [[/Francis Thomas McGrath|McGrath, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-HRN] - 1891(Tas)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 87, 1915; 1COCP 45, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Moonah, Tas, 1919); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1922); engineer (Eagle Junction, 1925); telegraphist (South Yarra, 1926-1927); supervisor (Caulfield, Vic, 1928-1934; Camberwell, Vic, 1936)

===''MCGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aenas McGregor|McGregor, Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WT] - 1865(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: XJEA Melbourne (Armadale, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: father of 3ZE Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Armadale, 1919; Toorak, 1928-1936)
* [[/Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor|McGregor, Keith Wilfred Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WQ] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ZE Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1924; Toorak, 1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 52, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XJEA Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toorak, 1925-1928)

===''MCGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Patrick Holman McGuire|McGuire, Leo Patrick Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HK-B2T] - 1906(NSW)-2001(WA) - Licences: 3KM Myrtleford (1929-1937); 3KM Corryong (1938-1939); 6MG Manjimup (1947-1969); 6MG Perth (Thornlie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 488, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Wangaratta, 1928); picture proprietor (Albury, 1931); postal employee (Myrtleford, 1936-1937); postal clerk (Mt Magnet, 1943; Manjimup, 1949); radio mechanic (Manjimup, 1954-1972); retired (Thornlie, 1977-1980)
===''MCHUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles McHugh|McHugh, William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-V5Z] - 1914(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KA or 6KD Perth (Guildford, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1766, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Guildford, WA, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Belmont, WA, 1949; North Perth, WA, 1954); mechanic (Cottesloe, WA, 1954; Mt Pleasant, WA, 1963-1972)

===''MCINTOSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John James McIntosh|McIntosh, Stanley John James &quot;Stan&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-C5P] - 1913(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4PK Ipswich (Woodend, 1931-1939); 4PK Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 730, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (workshop foreman); business proprietor (electrical engineering) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Woodend, Qld, 1934-1937; Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''MCINTYRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel George McIntyre|McIntyre, Daniel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTNG-PHV] - 1901(???)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2VX Receive Sydney (Pymble, 1923); 2VX Sydney (Pymble, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1958); radio retailer (Pymble, 1963)

===''MCKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander John McKenzie|McKenzie, Alexander John]] - 1905(???)-19??(???) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''MCKEOWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* McKenzie, Florence Violet  (married name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)
* [[/Allan McIllroy McKeown|McKeown, Allan McIllroy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L69J-SFC] - 1904(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3YZ Melbourne (Alphington, 1924-1927); 3YZ Geelong (1931); 3YZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1933-1939, 1946-1969); 3YZ Ocean Grove (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 51, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 42, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1936-1954; Alphington, 1968); nil (Ocean Grove, 1972-1977)
===''MCKINLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Harold McKinley|McKinley, Norman Harold &quot;Shorty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWGP-TLC] - 1913(???)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 969, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Milton, Qld, 1949-1972); driver (Paddington, Qld, 1980)

===''MCLAUCHLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles David McLauchlan|McLauchlan, Charles David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYL6-PYY] - 1876(Vic)-1943(Vic) - 6BW Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923), 6BW Perth (Victoria Park, 1924-1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Eucla, 1906; Perth, 1910-1916), telegraph engineer (Victoria Park, 1925), superintendent telegraphs (South Yarra, 1931; Camberwell, 1937-1943)

===''MCLEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Campbell McLean|McLean, Stewart Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86G-PMR] - 1910(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3GK Melbourne (Yarraville, 1930-1933; Brunswick, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; Caulfield, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 601, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 65, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarraville, 1931-1936); nil (Elsternwick, 1954); engineer (Caulfield, 1958-1980)

===''MCLENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth McLennan|McLennan, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9H-B4N] - 1892(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 124, 1915; 2COCP 185, 1930; 1COCP 238, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous KMcLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCLEOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander McLeod|McLeod, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMKJ-L25] - 1972(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4CF Receive Brisbane (Red Hill, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Red Hill, 1903-1905); pastrycook (Red Hill, 1908-1926; Mt Bruce, 1929-1943)
* [[/Gordon Stuart McLeod|McLeod, Gordon Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-38Y] - 1912(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 3ZZ Geelong (West Geelong, 1930-1931; Newtown, 1933; Crib Point, 1937; Wallington, 1938); 2ADC Sydney (Sans Souci, 1939; Hurstville, 1946-1947; Beverley Hills, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 707, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: RAN (Crib Point, Viv, 1937); petty officer RAN (Hurstville, 1943); clerk (Beverly Hills, 1949-1963)
* [[/Norman McLeod|McLeod, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86P-8F2] - 1901(Vic)-1995(Vic) - Licences: 3NM Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 602, 19??, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Caulfield, 1937-1968)

===''MCLOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. C. McLoughlin|McLoughlin, E. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5KJ Port Lincoln (1928-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MCMAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Hanney McMahon|McMahon, Leo Hanney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD8-XQH] - 1914(Qld)-1992(NSW) - 4LM Brisbane (Toombul, 1933-1938); 2ALM Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1939); 2AC Sydney (Kingsford, 1946-1950; Randwick, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1104, 1933, Qld) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, AMC); occupation (doctor) - Electoral Rolls: student (Camperdown, NSW, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Kingsford, NSW, 1949; Randwick, NSW, 1954-1980)

===''MCMASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John McMaster|McMaster, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls:

===''MCMATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph McMath|McMath, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KG-ZK2] - 1910(Vic)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 3JJ Melbourne (Albert Park, 1927-1939; South Melbourne, 1946-1960; Elwood, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 351, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albert Park, 1931-1937); manager (St Kilda, 1949-1954); retired (Brighton, 1963-1968; Black Rock, 1972-1977)

===''MCMURTRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Adam McMurtrie|McMurtrie, Sydney Adam or Adam Sydney &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQM-DQW] - 1908(NSW)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4JR Booval (1929-1933); 2AFX Lismore (1937-1939); 4KT Gympie (1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 491, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Gympie, 1936); radio salesman (Lismore, 1937); telephone mechanic (Gympie, 1943-1980)
===''MCNALTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McNalty|McNalty, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXW-67M] - 1901(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DZ Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Mackay, Qld, 1930-1943); public servant (Fairfield, Qld, 1949); clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1954); telegraphist (St Lucia, Qld, 1958)

===''MCNICOL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Edgar McNicol|McNicol, Robert William Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-6NN] - 1917(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4WM Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1680, 1936, Qld; BOCP 57, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Teneriffe, Qld, 1943); university lecturer (Tarragindi, Qld, 1954-1972)

===''MCPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Thomas McPherson|McPherson, Colin Thomas or Thomas Collins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-HST] - 1897(Vic)-1951(Vic) - Licences: 3LU Melbourne (Footscray, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 523, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Footscray, 1919); storeman (Footscray, 1922-1942)
* [[/Murdoch John McPherson|McPherson, Murdoch or Murdock John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/27D9-9TB] - 1904(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4MC Merinda (1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 916, 1926; 2COCP 58, 1929; 1COCP 161, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Merinda, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1929); clerk (Mt Coolah, NSW, 1968)

===''MEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Mead|Mead, Jack]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-ZSH] - 1915(WA)-2009(WA) - Licences: 6LJ Perth (East Victoria Park, 1931-1939; Wembley, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 803, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 168, 1934; 1COCP 289, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Victoria Park, WA, 1937); mechanic (Wembley, WA, 1943-1980)
* [[/Jordan Arthur Mead|Mead, Jordan Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTJF-1KH] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1924), 2JA Sydney (Ashfield, 1925-1928), 2JA Byron Bay (1929-1930), 2AJA Sydney (Ashfield, 1946; Bexley, 1947-1957), 2JM Sydney (Bexley, 1958-1980), qualifications (AOCP 212, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: telephone mechanic (Byron Bay, 1930; Ashfield, 1931-1943), power technician (Bexley, 1949-1968), electrical field officer (Bexley, 1972-1980)

===''MEADOWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Meadows|Meadows, Robert Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-ZRK] - 1907(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 4RM Mackay (1932-1939);  2ARM Sydney (Kirribilli, 1946-1948); 2IN Sydney (Rhodes, 1956-1958; Chiswick, 1960; Long Jetty, 1961; Killarney Vale, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 879, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (Pems Radio, Rockhampton); journalist (Minchens Electrical Weekly); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: reporter (Crows Nest, NSW, 1930); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1932); radiotrician (Mackay, 1934-1937); wireless instructor (Kirribilli, NSW, 1943); manager (Rhodes, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Five Dock, NSW, 1958; Killarney Vale, NSW, 1963)

===''MEDHURST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Edney Medhurst|Medhurst, Edgar Edney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-WFC] - 1902(Tas)-1966(Vic) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Frederick William Medhurst|Medhurst, Frederick William &quot;Pop&quot; (in latter years)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4GS-R6P] - 1868(Eng)-1969(Tas) 101yo - Licences: XZD Hobart (1913-1914); 7AH Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923); 7AH Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1924-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter from 1901; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business (Medhurst &amp; Sons, 1920s) - Relationships: father of  Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst, all in the business and interested in radio
* [[/Harry Frederick Medhurst|Medhurst, Harry Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-QZV] - 1893(Tas)-1963(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Phillip Aubrey Medhurst|Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-DFX] - 1895(Tas)-1969(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Rowland Arthur Medhurst|Medhurst, Rowland Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-ZT4] - 1892(Tas)-1969(Tas) - early wireless experimenter, lecturing on wireless 1911, never licensed, likely utilised licence of XZD-7AH (father), son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst
===''MEDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel James Clifford Medlin|Medlin, Noel James Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MB-743] - 1917(Vic)-2004(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (ABCB), federal public servant (ABCB), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1943; St Kilda, 1949; Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Inverloch, 1980) - father of AM directional antennas in Australia

===''MENON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Menon|Menon, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4F-3CQ] - 1905(SA)-1969(NSW) - 3OG Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3OG Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1927), 2OG Sydney (Haberfield, 1928; Croydon, 1929-1931), 3OG Melbourne (East Kew, 1933), 2OG Sydney (Northbridge, 1934-1935; Chatswood, 1936-1937; Longueville, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Pymble, 1950; West Pennant Hills, 1954-1965; Arcadia, 1969), amateur operator (AOCP 209, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (St Kilda West, 1926-1927), radio engineer (Coburg, 1931), engineer (Kew, 1934), radio engineer (Chatswood, 1937; Longueville, 1943), engineer (Baulkham Hills, 1954-1958; Arcadia, 1968)

===''MERCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie George Merchin|Merchin, Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTLT-SSF] - 1917(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ML Richmond (1934-1939); 4MG Richmond (1948); 4MG Killarney (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1399, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: garage proprietor (Richmond, Qld, 1943-1949); motor mechanic (Killarney, Qld, 1954-1968; Rockhampton North, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MEREDITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement George Benger Meredith|Meredith, Clement George Benger]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZJD-6S6] - 1885(WA)-1959(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 15, 1914 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1916); officer-in-charge wireless (Geraldton, WA, 1916-1917)
* [[/Llewellyn Lennon Meredith|Meredith, Llewellyn Lennon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8W-LV7] - 1885(Eng)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 246, 1916 - ship wireless officer, AWA (traffic manager) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_04_04#P.22_-_Obituary_-_Mr._L._L._Meredith|Obit]]
===''MESSENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Albert Messenger|Messenger, Percival Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRP-BS1] - 1892(SA)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 5PM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 70, 1915 (Marconi); CPRT 152, 1915 (Balsillie) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manager (Randwick, NSW, 1936; Coogee, NSW, 1943-1958; Randwick, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''MICHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Ernest Henderson Michell|Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQNQ-T5H] - 1897(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3JP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3JP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1931; Elsternwick, 1933); 3JP Hamilton (1937-1939); 3AEM Hamilton (1960-1969); 3JX Hamilton (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 162, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator of 3LR Elsternwick Radio Club (1925); WW1; land officer (Hamilton, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Balaclava, 1919-1921); draftsman (Caulfield, 1922); land officer (Hamilton, 1936-1980)

===''MILBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Leslie Milburn|Milburn, Henry Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-8VJ] - 1890(Vic)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Home Hill (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowong, 1919); electrical engineer (Home Hill, 1922-1925; Stanthorpe, 1934-1949) - Halcyon: not mentioned?

===''MILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Thomas Miles|Miles, Gilbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19Y-X19] - 1904(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7KQ Hobart (Bellerive, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 106, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Glen Iris, Vic, 1931); engineer (Elsternwick, 1936); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943-1972); engineer (Croydon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Harry Raymond Miles|Miles, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NJ-DQ2] - 1911(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1933); 6XL Wiluna (1937); 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 645, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wiluna Gold Mines, WA, 1936; Mt Beauty, Vic, 1954); poultry farmer (Balga, WA, 1958-1972); farmer (Wanneroo, WA, 1977-1980)

===''MILLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roydon Arthur Milledge|Milledge, Roydon Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMJY-3DW] - 1903(Vic)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 3WT Shepparton (1936-1937); 7WT Hobart (1938-1939); 7WT Ulverstone (1947-1948+); 7WT Hobart (1956-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1693, 1936, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; bank clerk 1931; Civil Engineer 1950s - Electoral Rolls: assistant engineer (State Savings Bank, Auburn, 1927); engineer (Glenhuntley, 1931-1934); civil engineer (Shepparton, 1936)
===''MILLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dunlop Millen|Millen, John Dunlop]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC9X-S4W] - 1877(Irl)-1941(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; senator - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Waratah, 1914-1919; Newstead, 1922-1937)
===''MILLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alexander Miller|Miller, Charles Alexander &quot;Charlie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-YRR] - 1915(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4US Brisbane (New Farm, 1933-1936); 2ADE Casino (1935-1939, 1946-1961); 4QM Caloundra (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1208, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang, military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Casino, 1943-1963); army officer (Ipswich, 1963); retired (Shelley Beach, 1968-1972; Caloundra, 1977-1980)
* [[/Charles Harcourt Miller|Miller, Charles Harcourt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-9QY] - 1921(Tas)-2001(Tas) - Licences: 7CM Hobart (Bellerive, 1936-1939; Taroona, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1799, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Bellerive, 1943)
* [[/Francis George Miller|Miller, Francis George &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-LHT] - 1895(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BF Mt Gambier (1923-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 185, 1925, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 58, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; founder of commercial station 5MU Murray Bridge; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Murray Bridge, 1939-1943) [https://www.qsl.net/vk5br/FrankMiller.pdf Biography]
* [[/Frank Colin Miller|Miller, Frank Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9C-86L] - 1884(Eng)-1953(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 126, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engine operator (Radio Station, Roebourne, 1916-1917); station hand (Marron Station, 1918; Carnarvon, 1921; Mallina, 1922-1925); contractor (Roebourne, 1930-1936; Karratha Station, 1937); labourer (Roebourne, 1943); cook (Wittenoom Gorge, 1949)
* [[/H. Miller|Miller, H.]] - 19??-19?? - 4EH Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1924); 2EH Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1925-1928) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert Edward Miller|Miller, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-XMX] - 1899(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HE Sydney (Belmore, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 932, 1926; 2COCP 329, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Campsie, 1930; Belmore, 1932-1943); miner (Glen Davis, 1943)
* [[/Herbert Leslie Miller|Miller, Herbert Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-7LH] - 1897(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4CA Receive Brisbane (West End, 1922); 4HL Brisbane (Hill End, 1927) - Qualifications: CPRT 330, 1917; 2COCP 329, 1940; 1COCP 483, 1940s; BOCP 370, 1941 - ship wireless officer (RMS Bingera, 1920); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (J. B. Chandler, 1924; Overells, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (West End, 1921); salesman (West End, 1925); manager (Coorparoo, 1928); salesman (Coorparoo, 1937-1954); clerk (Camp Hill, 1958-1963)

===''MILLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hugh Milligan|Milligan, Stanley Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2CB1-L7Y] - 1901(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3AU Receive Geelong (1922-1923); 3AU Geelong (1924); 3AU Eaglehawk (1924-1926); 3AU Chilwell (1927-1931); 3AU Geelong (1937-1939); 3AU Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1947; Auburn, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 125, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 164, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Eaglehawk, 1924-1926; Geelong West, 1924); radio mechanic (Chilwell, 1927-1931); watchman (Geelong West, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Hawthorn, 1949); engineer (Canterbury, 1954-1968); nil (Doncaster, 1972)
===''MILLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Griffiths John Mills|Mills, Griffiths John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CK Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Subiaco, 1929-1931)
* [[/Norman Gibson Mills|Mills, Norman Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9415-SSS] - 1890(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 4NM Brisbane (Moorooka, 1938-1939, 1947-1956; Margate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, Qld, 1919); contractor (Moorooka, Qld, 1921-1954); retired (Margate, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Ralph Mervyn Mills|Mills, Ralph Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JD-GST] - 1909(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MM Sydney (Balmain, 1930-1934; Canterbury, 1935-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 660, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Balmain, 1931-1937); engineer (Pymble, 1949-1977; West Pymble, 1980)

===''MILNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Brough Milne|Milne, Andrew Brough]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KXN-QZV] - 1890(South Africa)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Dealer Mackay (1926-1927) - Qualifications: 3COCP 3492, 1961 - dealer licence - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Mackay, 1915-1943); mechanical engineer (North Mackay, 1949-1977)
* [[/John Collicott Milne|Milne, John Collicott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP34-518] - 1903(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7AG Gretna (1923-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 604, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Gretna, 1928-1980)
* [[/James Milner|Milner, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXH-1DM] - 1901(Eng)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4AK Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1923-1927; Ashgrove, 1931-1936); 4AU Brisbane (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 93, 1925, No. 11 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (prominent from Valley Theatre) - Withdrawal: 4AK amateur callsign withdrawn by the PMGD for allocation to the new 4AK Oakey commercial service - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kelvin Grove, 1925-1926); electrical fitter (Ashgrove, 1928-1943)

===''MINCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur W. Minchin|Minchin, Arthur W.]] - 19??-19?? - 4AM Rockhampton - amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4RO Cmcl), wireless retail business proprietor - seems in error, see William Allan Minchin 
* [[/William Allan Minchin|Minchin, William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV7Q-86C] - 1893(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 220, 1916; 2COCP 365, 1931; 1COCP 244, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer operator (Wyndham, 1917); farmer (Toodyay, 1925); radio engineer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943; Lismore, 1949-1954; Hunters Hill, 1958-1968); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1972)

===''MINEHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Minehan|Minehan, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MINGAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Francis Mingay|Mingay, Oswald Francis &quot;Ossie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K45G-NZG] - 1895(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2XX Sydney (Turramurra, 1923-1926; Sydney, 1931-1933) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; journalist; publisher; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Collaroy, 1930); managing editor (Pymble, 1930-1932); radio engineer (Lindfield, 1933-1934); publisher (Lindfield, 1937-1963; St Ives, 1963-1968) - Comment: licensed operator of 2WV Burgin Electric Co. (1923) [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mingay-oswald-francis-ossie-11135 ADB]; [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Mingay.htm MacKinnon]

===''MITCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Theodore Mitchell|Mitchell, Alexander Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-CC2] - 1872(???)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Receive Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Red Hill, Qld, 1921; Torwood, Qld, 1922); electrical engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Wilston, Qld, 1928-1929; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1963)
* [[/Harold Benson Mitchell|Mitchell, Harold Benson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-QN7] - 1901(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3CZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Elwood, 1924-1927); manager (Caulfield, 1937); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1942); manager (Caulfield, 1949); merchant (St Kilda, 1949); manager (St Kilda, 1954)
* Mitchell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; - see Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; (frequent misspelling)
* [[/Stanley John Mitchell|Mitchell, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-Q83] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Monaco) - Licences: 3SJ Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 53, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toorak, 1912-1916; Brighton, 1919-1928); investor (Brighton, 1936-1937) financier (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''MOFFATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert David Gray Moffatt|Moffatt or Moffat or Gray, Robert David Gray &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8V-PM3] - 1911(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RD Mackay (1935-1939); 4RD Gracemere (1947-1948); 4RD Mackay (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1549, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Herberton, Qld, 1936; Mackay, Qld, 1937); mechanic in broadcasting (Gracemere, Qld, 1949); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''MONEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Money|Money, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JD-M9H] - 1907(Vic)-1986(Vic) - 3MY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1939; Upwey, 1946-1948; Cheltenham, 1954-1969; East Bentleigh, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 205, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draughtsman (Camberwell, 1931-1934), engineer (Upwey, 1942-1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1967; East Bentleigh, 1972-1980)

===''MONKHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Isaac Monkhouse|Monkhouse, Walter Isaac]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8ZT-YPN] - 1887(NZL)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio clubs (QWI &amp; WIA Qld, president &amp; lecturer); senior state public servant (Qld Public Works Dept, State Electrical Engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as president WIA Qld)  - Electoral Rolls: telephone instructor (South Brisbane, 1919); engineer (Teneriffe, 1925; New Farm, 1928; Taringa, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Bardon, 1958-1963)
===''MONKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Brendan Monks|Monks, Alfred Brendan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-444] - 1894(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AAB Melbourne (Diamond Creek, 1948; Northcote, 1954-1960; Preston, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 571, 1920; 2COCP 272, 1930; 1COCP 282, 1932 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1915) - Relationships: twin brother of 7BR Cyril Wilson Monks - Electoral Rolls: Western Electric engineer (East Sydney, 1930); licensee Railway Commercial Hotel (Albury, 1931-1932); radio telegraphist (Centennial Park, 1943); radio officer (Reservoir, Vic, 1963; Preston, 1967-1972)
* [[/Cyril Wilson Monks|Monks, Cyril Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-96N] - 1894(Tas)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 7BR Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 225, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1919); WW2 - Relationships: twin brother of 3AAB Alfred Brendan Monks - Electoral Rolls: federal civil servant (Battery Point, 1928); public servant (Bellerive, 1936-1937); radio inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1943; Nedlands, 1949); retired (Frankston, 1972)
===''MONTEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Monteath|Monteath, Frederick]] - 1895(Vic)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 3VM Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1923-1924); 3KP Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 694, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Prahran, 1919; Elsternwick, 1921); mercer (Elsternwick, 1924-1931); photographer (Glenmore, NSW, 1934-1935; Ashfield, 1937); storekeeper (Rockdale, 1943)

===''MOODY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Percy Moody|Moody, Francis Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1D9-KLG] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FM Cairns (1932-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 967, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Rockhampton North, 1925-1926); accountant (Cairns, 1926-1949); radio dealer (Cairns, 1954-1980)

===''MOORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Moore|Moore, Albert Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KW6D-TMT] - 1916(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; NAOCP Q728, 1980, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer; clubs (All-Wave All-World DX Club, Shortwave League of Western Australia, Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia) - QSLs: portion (200+) of later QSL collection survives (ARDXC/NFSA)
* [[/Eric John Theodore Moore|Moore, Eric John Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD91-7LN] - 1894(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEM Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914); Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923); 2EM Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 161, 1915; 2COCP 237, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Awards: UK merchant seaman medal - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bronte, 1934-1937)
* [[/Francis Leonard Moore|Moore, Francis Leonard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1924(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, employment (Archibald John Shaw, Maritime Wireless Co, United Distributors) - Comment: electrocuted while conducting wireless experiments
* [[/Louis James Murphy Moore|Moore, Louis James Murphy &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L45W-GS4] - 1888(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3LO Receive Seymour (1923); 3LO Seymour (1924-1925); 3MS Seymour (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 85, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Clifton Hill, 1909); telegraphist (Collingwood, 1912-1914); wireless operator (Collingwood, 1917-1919); telegraphist (Elsternwick, 1922); clerk (Seymour, 1924-1931; Bentleigh, 1936-1949); guesthouse proprietor (Healesville, 1954); clerk (Oakleigh, 1963-1968) - Withdrawal: Likely 3LO callsign withdrawn for allocation to 3LO Melbourne Class A

===''MOORHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Martin Moorhouse|Moorhouse or Moorehouse, Herbert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJPG-1HL] - 1899(Tas)-1990(WA) - Licences: 7HM Hobart (North Hobart, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart South, 1922); carpenter (New Town, 1928); carrier (Hobart North, 1936); motordriver (Queensborough, 1949)

===''MORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Donald Moran|Moran, Cyril Donald]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast technician at 4QG under Qld Government, state public servant (4QG)

===''MORGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Mowbray Morgan|Morgan, Donald Mowbray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP7-218] - 1907(NSW)-1988(Tas) - Licences: T749 Receive Glebe (1922); Receive Glebe (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Huonville, 1928-1972)
* [[/Ivor Morgan|Morgan, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRSY-S8G] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3DH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1933; Shepparton, 1937; East Malvern 1938-1939; Hawthorn, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 605, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 20, 1936; TVOCP, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1931-1934); engineer (Brighton, 1936); broadcast engineer (3SR Shepparton, 1937); technician (Hawthorn, 1943-1977) - Relationships: Father of 3ZFM V. I. Morgan
* [[/William Albert Morgan|Morgan, William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HVG-8PW] - 1899(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: 7AI Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart West, 1922); electrical fitter (New Town, 1928-1937); fitter (New Town, 1943-1954); manager (Montrose, 1963)

===''MORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. H. Morley|Morley, W. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2WU Sydney (Watersleigh, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John William Morris|Morris, Albert John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-Y2J] - 1873(Tas)-1940(Tas) - Licences: 7BS Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1943)
* [[/Cecil Ralph Newman Morris|Morris, Cecil Ralph Newman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MW-YGT] - 1906(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923); 4CN Brisbane (Rosalie, 1928); 4LW Brisbane (Rosalie, 1929-1933; Ashgrove, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 398, 1928, No. 45 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; technician (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Rosalie, 1928); postal mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1954); supervising technician (Rosalie, 1958-1968)
* [[/Glynn Ian Elliott Morris|Morris, Glynn Ian Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XG-9TS] - 1908(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BZ Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1930-1939; Parkdale, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 621, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1931-1937); mechanic (Mentone, 1943); official (Mentone, 1949-1968); secretary (Mentone, 1972-1980)
* [[/Jack Dudley Morris|Morris, Jack Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2R-NMZ] - 1914(Vic)-1944(At Sea) - Licences: 3LX Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1933, pirate); 3DQ Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1934-1937) - qualifications: AOCP 1244, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (mention in despatches) - electoral rolls: operator (Oakleigh, 1936-1942) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Richard Charles William Morris|Morris, Richard Charles William (BDM) or Charles Richard William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW7-56S] - 1922(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4MT Rockhampton (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3210, 1951, Qld; BOCP 1460, 1956 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, 1949); electrical fitter (Rockhampton, 1954-1963); radio technician/electrician (Rockhampton, 1968-1972); radio technician (Rockhampton, 1977-1980)
* [[/Ronald David Morris|Morris, Ronald David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX5W-S7Z] - 1904(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3AP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3AP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927); 3APM Melbourne (East Brighton, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 151, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 919, 1926; BOCP 600, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Caulfield, 1925-1931); radio (Brighton, 1936-1937); mechanic (Brighton, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949-1967; Brighton East, 1972-1977)
* [[/Sydney Paul Francis Morris|Morris, Sydney Paul Francis &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-MRP] - 1888(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prahran, Vic, 1909; Dandenong, 1912-1913); clerk &amp; telegraphist (Eltham, Vic, 1924); manager (East Bairnsdale, Vic, 1925-1928); clerk (Sandringham, Vic, 1931); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949)
* [[/William Belfort Morris|Morris, William Belfort]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X1-VYQ] - 1910(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6WM Perth (Hollywood, 1930-1937; Mt Lawley, 1938-1939); 6WM Kalgoorlie (1946-1954); 6WM Perth (Applecross, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 625, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hollywood, 1931-1937); newsagent (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954); representative (Applecross, 1958-1980)
===''MORRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Cyril Tucker Morrison|Morrison, Gordon Cyril Tucker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-J6Z] - 1916(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 6KN Geraldton (1935-1937); 6KN Perth (City, 1938-1939); 2AKN Sydney (Hernes Bay, 1947; Parramatta, 1948-1950; Balgowlah, 1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1485, 1935, WA; BOCP 89, 1937; 3COCP 1536, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Geraldton, WA, 1937); radio employee (North Perth, WA, 1943); aircraft surveyor (Parramatta North, NSW, 1949; Balgowlah, NSW, 1954-1963); surveyor (Wahroonga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''MORRISSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Joseph Martindale Morrissey|Morrissey, Brian Joseph Martindale]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5AP Adelaide (Prospect, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1544, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''MORROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Caldwell Morrow|Morrow, Arthur Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQF-T2F] - 1912(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 335, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Red Hill, Qld, 1934-1937); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1943); farmer (Paddington, Qld, 1949-1963)
===''MORSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel Percy Morse|Morse, Noel Percy &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWRN-3QR] - 1914(Qld)-1942(At Sea) - Licences: 2JE Sydney (Cremorne, 1934-1935); 4LI Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937); 2AHS Sydney (Mosman, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1402, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RNZAF, Pilot Officer) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Buranda, Qld, 1937; Clayfield, Qld, 1937) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.rafcommands.com/database/wardead/details.php?qnum=95585 RAF Commands]; [https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/record/C29996 Auckland Museum]; [http://aircrewremembered.com/morse-noel.html AirCrewRemembered]

===''MORTIMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mark Mortimer|Mortimer, Mark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7M-ZZ4] - 1887(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 107, 1915; 2COCP 48, 1929; 1COCP 89, 1930; BOCP 48, 1934?  - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917)  - Comment: numerous contemporaneous MMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Evors Morton|Morton, Charles Evors]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ5-F3R] - 1888(Qld)-1963(NSW) - 2MH Sydney (Homebush, 1925-1934), amateur operator (AOCP 170, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, public servant (Rockhampton, 1912), WW1

===''MOSES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Joseph Moses|Moses, Charles Alfred Joseph]] - 1900(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - ABC (general manager) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Charles Moses|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/moses-sir-charles-joseph-15044 ADB] 
===''MOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Moss|Moss, George Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-86Y] - 1903(WA)-2000(WA) - Licences: 6GM Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1926-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; Mt Pleasant, 1960-1965; Boya, 1969-1995+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 233, 1926, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 177, 1934; 1COCP 574, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: piano mechanic (Cottesloe Beach, 1925); wireless mechanic (North Perth, 1931-1958); lecturer (Mt Pleasant, 1963; Boya, 1968-1980) - [https://qsl.net/vk6zse/historic/p-vk6gm.html QSL.net]

===''MOULE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Ernest Moule|Moule, Clifford Ernest &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XQ-DFH] - 1912(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5CX Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1939; Plympton, 1946-1948; McLaren Vale, 1954; Lower Mitcham, 1955-1956; Westbourne Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 611, 1930, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1462, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Clarence Gardens, 1939-1941; Glandore West, 1943)

===''MOWLEM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Mowlem|Mowlem, Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9F-DHH] - 1878(???)-1950(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval employee (Toorak, 1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1925); engineer (Toorak, 1928); wireless (Malvern, 1931-1949)

===''MOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Murray Moyle|Moyle, John Murray &quot;Johnny&quot;]] - 1908(Vic)-1960(ACT) - 2JU Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1932+; Radio TV &amp; Hobbies, 1939-), education (Scotch College, 1923-1926), military (WW2, RAAF 1941-, Squadron Leader), broadcast (3DB, 1920s) (callsign 2JU previously Ross Amos Hull) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198909.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198910.pdf EA2]

===''MUIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sibbald Allison Muir|Muir, John Sibbald Allison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRB3-1J6] - 1904(SA)-1996(Vic) - 3QW Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3QW Melbourne (Brighton, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 91, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; likely operator of 3NS dealer licence for Norris &amp; Skelly, Elizabeth St, Melbourne 1924 - Electoral Rolls: dealer (Brighton, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Malvern, 1928); wireless (Brighton, 1931); engineer (Brighton, 1935; Ringwood, 1936-1954); nil (Somers, 1963; Langwarrin, 1968-1977; Garfield, 1980)
* [[/Robert White Muir|Muir, Robert White]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K644-M2J] - 1904(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6RW Wagin (1933-1939); 6RW Perth (Subiaco, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1184, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Albany, WA, 1925-1926); jeweller &amp; radio dealer (Wagin, WA, 1931); jeweller (Wagin, WA, 1936-1943); watchmaker (Subiaco, WA, 1949-1963)

===''MULLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Fred Mullett|Mullett, Leslie Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-BQD] - 1903(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5ZQ Adelaide (Highgate, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1065, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Highgate, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Barton, ACT, 1949)

===''MULLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Mulligan|Mulligan, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2QS-X7W] - 1886(NZ)-1982(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 135, 1915; 2COCP 211, 1930; 1COCP 329, 1933 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917); wireless operator (Emita, Flinders Island, 1919-1928); OIC Radio Station (Darwin, 1934); radiologist (Ascot, 1936); OIC radio (Townsville, Qld, 1943); retired (Warrimoo, NSW, 1954-1958; Umina, NSW, 1958)

===''MUNRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Willson Munro|Munro, Bruce Willson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7GX-CDJ] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4AL Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1927-1931; Bulimba, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 339, 1927, No. 35 in Qld; 2COCP 68, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; aeronautical experimenter; pilot; Qld Aero Club (Brisbane, honorary flying instructor, 1930s); Dept Civil Aviation (Brisbane, Assistant Plan Printer, 1956-1968) - Electoral Rolls: commercial pilot (Moorooka, 1943); flight checking officer (Townsville, 1943); pilot (West End, 1949-1963); commonwealth public servant (Wynnum, 1968-1972); retired (Wynnum, 1977-1980)

===''MURDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilmot Henry Murden|Murden, Wilmot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-7WC] - 1915(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7TY Launceston (1934-1937); 3TY Melbourne (West Preston, 1938-1939; Thornbury, 1947); 3TY Rapanyup (1948); 3TY Sale (1954-1955); 3TY Swan Hill (1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1243, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1176, 1950; 1COCP 1610, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Sale, 1954); radio engineer (3SH, Sale, 1963)
===''MURDOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Fraser Murdoch|Murdoch, James Fraser &quot;Fraser&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FQ Toowoomba (1946-1948), amateur operator (AOCP 2383, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, employment (Empire Theater under Cliff Gold 4CG)
===''MURPHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold James Murphy|Murphy, Harold James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD6Q-ZGP] - 1899(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Ilfracombe (1935-1937); 4HM Pomona (1938-1939); 4HM Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1532, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Auchenflower, Qld, 1925; Milton, Qld, 1928); postal official (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1930); postmaster (Ilfracombe, Qld, 1936-1937); insurance agent (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943); postal official (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); public servant (Stafford, Qld, 1958)

===''MURRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Alexander Murray|Murray, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-SZ7] - 1908(???)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2FM Sydney (Rose Bay, 1927; Mosman, 1928-1935; Cremorne, 1936-1939; Mosman, 1946-1947; Lindfield, 1948-1949; Carramar, 1950-1975); 2FM Blayney (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 336, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Mosman, 1930); engineer (Mosman, 1933); fitter (Mosman, 1934); draftsman (Mosman, 1935); engineer (Neutral Bay, 1943); draftsman (Mosman, 1949); draughtsman (Carramar, 1958-1977); retired (Blayney, 1980)
* [[/John William Murray|Murray, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-32L] - 1905(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3JY Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1930; Fitzroy, 1931-1939); 3AJY Melbourne (Kew, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 396, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Elsternwick, 1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1934; Melbourne East, 1936); technician (St Kilda West, 1943-1949); projectionist (Kew, 1954-1980) - several contemporaneous John William Murray's in Melbourne, identification not certain
* [[/Kynaston Noel Lathrop Murray|Murray, Kynaston Noel Lathrop]] - 1838(Eng)-1916(Tas) - clubs and societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, 1880s; Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, 1860s-1870s; Vic Railways Dept, 1880s-1890s)
* [[/Malcolm Imlay Murray|Murray, Malcolm Imlay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-684] - 1908(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6MY Perth (City, 1930; South Perth, 1933-1939; Floreat Park, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 677, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Perth, 1931); radiotrician (South Perth, 1936; Floreat Park, 1943-1980)

===''MUSGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mandeville D'Oyly Musgrove|Musgrave, Mandeville D'Oyly]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast station proprietor (6ML &amp; others)

===''MUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus Keith Mutton|Mutton, Angus Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5F-BQM] - 1910(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5ZY Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1933; Tusmore, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1089, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Tusmore Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Arthur Henry Mutton|Mutton, Arthur Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC1Y-PP5] - 1908(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2QT Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923-1925); 2QT Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 237, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Annandale, 1930-1937); communication engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1968); public servant (Bayview, 1972-1980)

=='''N'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''NAIRN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Linley Beeton Nairn|Nairn, Arthur Linley Beeton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58V-M8X] - 1895(SA)-1978(NZ) - Licences: 2BI Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 373, 1918 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Hamilton, NZ, 1938); director (Days Bay, Wellington, NZ, 1946-1954)
===''NANCARROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Stanley Nancarrow|Nancarrow, Ralph Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST3-XQ3] - 1904(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5PK Georgetown (1930-1933); 2PY Sydney (Mosman, 1935; Randwick, 1936-1939); 2ACN Sydney (Lane Cove, 1954-1961; North Ryde, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 719, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Randwick, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical fitter (Lane Cove, NSW, 1943-1963); fitter (North Ryde, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''NANGLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Nangle|Nangle, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-F31] - 1869(NSW)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 2MU Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2MU Sydney (Marrickville, 1923-1927; Observatory, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; 1920s Superintendent Technical Education NSW; hon. Government Astronomer NSW; Sydney University (Senate); Royal Society of NSW (president); Fellow Royal Astronomical Society; Fellow Federal Institute of Architects; author (astronomy, architecture) - Electoral Rolls: architect (Petersham, 1903); Government Astronomer (Observatory, 1930-1937) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nangle-james-7722 ADB]

===''NASH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Charles Nash|Nash, William Robert Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDWX-LWF] - 1918(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2WW Sydney (Crows Nest, 1934-1937); 4WN Cairns (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1329, 1934, Qld; 1COCP 138, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Castlecrag, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''NEALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Drayton Neale|Neale, Eric Drayton Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88H-NWT] - 1907(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4EN Longreach (1934-1939); 4EN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1298, 1934, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist), radio club (WIAQ, QSL officer) - Relationships: father of 4?? Eric Drayton Neale Jnr - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1928; Longreach, 1936; Grange, 1937; Wooloowin, 1943-1963)

===''NEAVERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Laurence Neaverson|Neaverson, Leslie Laurence or Lawrence Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYTM-HCD] - 1899(Eng)-1993(NSW) - Licences: G5NX (Lakeside, Cumbria, 1922+); 4NV Brisbane (Holland Park, 1947-1956+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; associate member IRE (Britain); principal Anglo Austral Hearing Aid Dispensary - Electoral Rolls: surgical technician (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''NELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alfred Montague Nell|Nell, George Alfred Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87B-PP6] - 1900(Ceylon)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2JQ Quirindi (1928-1929); 2JQ Canberra (1930); 2JQ Moruya (1931-1936); 2JQ Binda (1937-1939); 2JQ Crookwell (1946-1950); 2JQ Junee (1954-1965); 2JQ Goulburn (1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 413, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Moruya, 1930-1934; Crookwell, 1936-1949; Junee, 1954-1968; Goulburn, 1972-1980)
===''NELSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Yeates Nelson|Nelson, John Yeates]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G884-YDV] - 1851(Irl)-1932(NSW) - Licences: XAA Sydney (McMahon's Point, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer (NSW)) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milson's Point, 1930-1931)
===''NESTROM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Louis Nestrom|Nestrom, Oliver Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-9H4] - 1912(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5RZ Adelaide (St Peters, 1936-1937; Joslin, 1938); 2ADJ Sydney (Homebush, 1939); 5RZ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1947; Glenelg, 1948; St Georges, 1954); 5RZ Port Augusta, 1955-1956); 5RZ Adelaide (Kurralta Park, 1960; Manningham, 1965-1969; St Peters, 1975); 5RZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP, 224, 1935; AOCP 1725, 1936, SA; BOCP 719, 1946; 2COCP 1178, 1949; 1COCP 1491, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Modbury, SA, 1939); fitter (Strathfield, NSW, 1943)

===''NEVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Clifford Anderson Neville|Neville, Alfred Clifford Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH3-Z4D] - 1907(Eng)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ED Receive Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 5827, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hamilton, Qld, 1928); clerk (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1943); accountant (Hawthorne, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (East Brisbane, 1963-1980)

===''NEWBERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Mallord Newberry|Newberry, Archibald Mallord]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH51-SDW] - 1893(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AN Red Cliffs (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 606, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Red Cliffs, 1924-1931); radio dealer (Red Cliffs, 1934-1942); cycle dealer (Red Cliffs, 1949-1972) 
===''NEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert James Newell|Newell, Albert James &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1C-RGW] - 1910(Sct)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Mill Hill via Warwick (1936-1939); 4BN Brisbane (Archerfield, 1947-1948; Moorooka, 1954); 4AJ Brisbane (Moorooka, 1965; Yeronga, 1969; Ormiston, 1975); 4AJN Brisbane (Ormiston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1727, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 559, 1942; 1COCP 588, 1942; TVOCP 531, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; AWA Aviation Radio Service - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Mill Hill, Qld, 1931-1943); radio technician (Moorooka, Qld, 1949-1968); television technician (Yeronga West, Qld, 1972); retired (Ormiston, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''NEWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Frederick Newman|Newman, Arthur Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJ9-YSK] - 1881(India)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 10, 1914; CPRT 90, 1915; 1COCP 49, 1930 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant, 1917-1920, terminated Nov 1920); WW1; WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AFNs - Electoral Rolls: traffic officer (Elsternwick, 1917-1919); assistant! (Malvern East, 1924-1931); piano tuner (St Kilda, 1931)
* [[/Sydney Moreton Newman|Newman, Sydney Moreton &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL41-PBM] - 1898(NSW)-1998(NSW)99yo - Licences: XPZ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1913-1914); 3MC Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 655, 1921; 1COCP 90, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Turramurra, 1930-1958); retired (Wahroonga, 1963-1980) - TroveTag: &quot;XPZ-3MC - Sydney Moreton Newman&quot; (68 tags) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199101.pdf EA]
* [[/William Harold Newman|Newman, William Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-4N5] - 1889(NSW)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 2MK? Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922); 2MJ Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway official (Artarmon, 1930-1934); secretary (Mosman, 1936-1943)

===''NICHOLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rupert Nicholas|Nicholas, William Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD14-RFV] - 1913(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7WR Hobart (North Hobart, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 896, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 72, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart North, 1936; New Town, 1943-1954)
===''NICOLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Nicoll|Nicoll, William]] - 1903(Canada)-19??(???) - Licences: 4CO Receive Brisbane (Upper Paddington, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 644, 1921 - amateur Receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Bardon, 1925-1929) 
===''NICHOLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Edgar Nicholls|Nicholls, Francis Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1H-8KQ] - 1910(Vic)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7RY Devonport (1932-1933); 7RY Burnie (1937-1939); 7RY Hobart (New Town, 1946-1948; Lenah Valley, 1954-1955; New Town, 1960; Lenah Valley, 1965-1969; Midway Point, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 991, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Lenah Valley, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Nicholls|Nicholls, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S3-26D] - 19??(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 780, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1963)
* [[/William John Matthew Nicholls|Nicholls, William John Matthew or William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WW-PDS] - 1908(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1928-1933); 7WX Launceston (1937-1939); 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1946-1965; East Malvern, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 419, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 343, 1931; 1COCP 309, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Williamstown, 1931-1936); RAAF (Williamstown, 1949); radio engineer (Williamstown, 1954-1963; Malvern East, 1968-1980)
===''NICHOLSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Malcolm Nicholson|Nicholson, Russell Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-7W4] - 1909(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 4KG Ilfracombe (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 529, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 48, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing contractor (Longreach, 1936); manager 4LG (Longreach, 1937); radio mechanic (Coolangatta, 1949-1972)

===''NICOLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Hort Wilmot Nicolle|Nicolle, Horace Hort Wilmot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZS-MZF] - 1908(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2HK Sydney (Strathfield, 1929-1933; Ryde, 1934); 2AJT Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 527, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist apprentice (Strathfield, 1930); pharmacist (Strathfield, 1933-1935); chemist (Chatswood, 1943-1968)

===''NILSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver John Nilsen|Nilsen, Oliver John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W4-W1G] - 1884(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3UZ Melbourne (1924-25) - Qualifications: Nil identified to date - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - 3UZ experimental callsign issued to Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co in 1923, operator N. J. Boyd; callsign withdrawn 1925 and reallocated to Nilsen's broadcast station which remains current as at 2021 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Fitzroy, 1909-1924; Chelsea, 1928-1931); contractor (Caulfield, 1934-1954); engineer (Elsternwick, 1972; Hawthorn, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nilsen-oliver-john-11244 ADB]

===''NISSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Laurence Nissen|Nissen, Eric Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-ZLR] - 1905(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4XN Dalby (1930-1939, 1946-1975+); 4XN Toowoomba (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 574, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, member); broadcast technician (4QS, 1939-1976); federal public servant (PMGD); Awards: Imperial Service Medal 1976 - Electoral Rolls: none specified (Dalby, 1928-1937); PMG technician (Dalby, 1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1977)

===''NIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edgar Nixon|Nixon, Arthur Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M2-SM5] - 1905(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ON Receive Melbourne (Windsor, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 361, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur receive operator - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Elsternwick, 1931); salesman (St Kilda West, 1931-1936); electrical fitter (Albert Park, 1943-1954)

===''NOLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Michael Nolan|Nolan, Francis Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Q3R-X84] - 1910(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1935-1937; Clayfield, 1938-1939; Stafford Heights, 1946-1948); 4MF Portable (1948); 9FN Port Moresby &amp; 9MF Portable (1954-1956); 4FN/T Gracemere (1960-1969); 4FN/T Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1975; Virginia, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1433, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, WIAQ); broadcast technician (9PA, 4RK); radio serviceman; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Francis William Nolan|Nolan, Francis William &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-XPW] - 1897(NSW)-19?? - Licences: 4JU Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1929-1939, 1947-1956; Paddington, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43? &amp; 501, 1924 &amp; 1929, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio serviceman - Relationships: husband of 4LO Violet Elizabeth Nolan nee Hennessey - Comment: several genealogy sites have wrong data for FWN - Electoral Rolls: cartoonist (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1925);  radio mechanic (Brisbane, City, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1958)
* [[/John Spencer Nolan|Nolan, John Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-KMV] - 1868(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: XED Sydney (Double Bay, 1911-1914); 2JH Receive Sydney (Double Bay, 1922); 2JH Sydney (Double Bay, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster; dentist and dental surgeon - Relationships: father of 2YI Philip Spencer Nolan - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Woollahra, 1930-1935)
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-DSX] - 1896(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: fourth YL operator in Qld - Relationships: wife of 4JU Francis William Nolan - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1943); not stated (Eagle Heights, Qld, 1949); home duties (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1954); domestic (Spring Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Coolangatta, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Philip Spencer Nolan|Nolan, Philip Spencer &quot;Spencer&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-ZWX] - 1897(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: 2YI Sydney (Double Bay, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 58, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; dentist - Relationships: son of XED-2JH Lieut John Spencer Nolan - Comment: gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''NOLTE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Nolte|Nolte, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HG-DD4] - 1911(Vic)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 3NO Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939); 2QO Sydney (Potts Point, 1948-1950; Bexley North, 1954-1975); 2QO Wamberal (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 492, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949; Bexley North, 1958-1963); retired (Wamberal, 1980)
===''NORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Norman|Norman, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Q-ZRS] - 1899(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WJ Eddystone Point Lighthouse (1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stoker (Longford, 1922); lightkeeper (Tasman Island, 1928; Eddystone Lighthouse, 1934; Maatauyker Island, 1936; Currie Harbour, King Island, 1937)
===''NORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Anthony David Norris|Norris, Anthony David &quot;Tony&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Edgar Lewin Norris|Norris, Edgar Lewin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9YH-3D4] - 1891(Qld)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Receive Toowoomba (1922); 4CK Toowoomba (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 80, 1925, No. 8 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Toowoomba RC); WW1 - Relationships: father of 4NO Edgar Thomas Norris - TroveTag: &quot;4CK - Edgar Lewin Norris&quot; - Electoral Rolls: optician (Rockhampton, 1913); optometrist (Wooloowin, 1919; Toowoomba, 1925-1954)
* [[/Edgar Thomas Norris|Norris, Edgar Thomas &quot;Tom&quot; &quot;Tommy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G855-G68] - 1930(Qld)-2019(Qld) - Licences: 4NO Toowoomba (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6945, 1967; AOLCP Q2, 1968; AOCP Q13, 1968, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4CK Edgar Lewin Norris - Electoral Rolls: charge hand (Toowoomba, 1954-1980)
===''NORTHEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurence Harry Northeast|Northeast, Laurence Harry &quot;Laurie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLM3-8NK] - 1908(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5LH Adelaide (Rosewater, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 315, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosewater, 1939-43)

=='''O'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
==='''OAKES'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Andrew Oakes|Oakes, Walter Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-RBQ] - 1907(Tas)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 7BQ Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923); Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP N1088, 1971 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Manly, 1930); electrical fitter (Launceston, 1937); railway employee (New Town, 1943-1949); electrician (Lindfield, 1954); business proprietor (Roseville, 1958); managing director (Roseville, 1963-1968); director (Roseville, 1972-1980)

==='''O'BRIEN'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Clare O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Clare]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTS-7SJ] - 1904(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4NC Brisbane (Stafford, 1939, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2386, 1939, Qld - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kilcoy, 1928); telephone mechanic (Eagle Junction, 1936-1943); technician (Stafford, 1954-1980) 
* [[/Charles Raymond Heddington O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Raymond Heddington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-4CX] - 1913(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3QX Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 626, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Glenhuntly, 1934-1936); electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1942); engineer (Kew, 1954; Mount Waverley, 1963-1972)
* [[/Matthew O'Brien|O'Brien, Matthew or Matthew Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-P35] - 1904(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4MM Brisbane (Toowong, 1926-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 234, 1926, No. 20 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, ARTL, WIAQ, president all); journalist (Teleradio, &quot;Vic Eddy&quot;); Dept Labour Exchange (administration) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Toowong, 1925-1936; Annerley, 1943-1977)

==='''O'DEA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick O'Dea|O'Dea, Francis Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTP-7KL] - 1894(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 (Army, AWS) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Melbourne, 1912-1913; Ascot Vale, Vic, 1914-1937); railways (Brighton, Vic, 1942-1949); railway employee (Footscray North, Vic, 1963-1977) - Links: [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911842/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-francis-patrick-odea/ AWS]

==='''ODGERS'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Fieldhouse Odgers|Odgers, Norman Fieldhouse]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-CYK] - 1906(Qld)-1996(WA) - Licences: 4BO or 4BD Brisbane (Newmarket) &amp; Charters Towers (1924-1925); 4NK; 9NK Port Moresby (1946-1948); 6NF Perth (Applecross, 1954-1969; Bassendean, 1975-1980); 4CH - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 896, 1925; 2COCP 212, 1930; 1COCP 108, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; broadcast engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: senior technician (Applecross, 1954-1963); manager (Applecross, 1968); retired (Bassandean, 1972-1980)

==='''O'DONNELL'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Amos Leslie O'Donnell|O'Donnell, Amos Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NW-Q1P] - 1910(SA)-19??(NSW) - Licences: 6DX Perth (City, 1930-1933); 2AGE Sydney (Ashfield, 1938-1939); 2AOO Sydney (Caringbah, 1960; Mona Vale, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 639, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 515, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (North Perth, 1931); radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1937); education officer (No. 2 W.A.G.S., Parkes, 1943); engineer (Ashfield, 1949; Caringbah, 1958)

==='''O'HARA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bernard O'Hara|O'Hara, John Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XM-Y9M] - 1902(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3OH Maryborough (1930-1939); 3OH Yallourn (1946-1948); 3AAO Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 607, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Albert Park, 1921-1924) instructor (Maryborough, 1928); teacher (Kew, 1934; Maryborough, 1937; Ballarat, 1937; Maryborough, 1943, Warrnambool, 1954; Maldon, 1963) 
==='''OHRBOM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Axel Ragnar Ohrbom|Ohrbom, Axel Ragnar &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-PWJ] - 1903(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924); 3OC Melbourne (West Brunswick, 1928; Coburg, 1931-1939; Moreland, 1946-1948; Hartwell, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 421, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Coburg West, 1949); sharebroker (Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Burwood, 1977)

===''OLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Olof Lemuel Olden|Olden, Olof Lemuel]] - 1863(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Hobart 1920s, early wireless experimenter, no licence yet identified, amateur operator (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, President, 1924), military (Colonel, WW1), occupation (school master)
===''OLDFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Bernam Oldfield|Oldfield, Frederick Bernam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YP-9R2] - 1897(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (1924); 3FB Melbourne (Hampton, 1937-1938); 2FE Sydney (Balmoral, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1240, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Brighton, Vic, 1931; Sandringham, Vic, 1935-1937); journalist (Mosman, NSW, 1943); A.M.F. (Mornington, 1954); tutor (Neutral Bay, 1958)
===''OLDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Oldham|Oldham, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZFK-XBT] - 1902(Tas)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 7XA Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1923, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1936-1949) 
* [[/Fred Oldham|Oldham, Fred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, first president of Hobart Tramways Wireless Club 1905

===''O'LEARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cornelius Daniel Fraser O'Leary|O'Leary, Cornelius Daniel Fraser or Daniel Fraser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN18-4BH] - 1893(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (Tusmore Gardens, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 495, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Unley, 1939-1941)

===''OLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dalley George Tryon Oliver|Oliver, Dalley George Tryon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-MMR] - 1888(NSW)-1959(NSW) - wireless experimenter (1924+) 2?? Gunedah, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1943; Keepit Dam, Tamworth, 1949-1954); retired (Condoblin, 1958) - Relationships: brother of 2MO Marcius John Alexander Oliver
* [[/Marcius John Alexander Oliver|Oliver, Marcius John Alexander &quot;Marcus&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-M82] - 1875(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2MO Gunedah (1929) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 91, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer, radio station proprietor (2MO, 1930-1939), military (air spotters, Port Macquarie) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1936; Port Macquarie, 1943) - Relationships: brother of Dalley George Tryon Oliver

===''OLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Durrant Olle|Olle, John Durrant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4HS-WSX] - 1910(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 2OZ Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1939, 1946; Pennant Hills, 1947-1948; Ashfield, 1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 553, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 321, 1931; 1COCP 197, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Summer Hill, 1936-1937; Ashfield, NSW, 1943); soldier (South Yarra, Vic, 1949); public servant (Mornington, 1963-1980)

===''O'LOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick Morgan O'Loughlin|O'Loughlin, Francis Patrick Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-Z3Q] - 1902(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4OL Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1347, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''OLSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Vivian Olsen|Olsen, Frederick Vivian &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CP-4XJ] - 1912(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3FO Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1929-1931; Hampton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 521, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hampton, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1963; Hampton, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Norman Frederick Olsen|Olsen, Norman Frederick or Frederick Norman (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-8JS] - 1901(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 516, 1920, NSW; 2COCP 59, 1929, NSW; 1COCP 252, 1932 - Nil yet identified - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hurlstone Park, 1934-1937); newsagent (Torwood, 1954-1958); no occupation (Lord Howe Island, 1963-1980)
* [[/Norman Peter Olsen|Olsen, Norman Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-444] - 1897(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2YK Newcastle (1924-1925); 2ZX Waratah (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Waratah, 1930; Mayfield, 1932); public servant (Redfern, 1932-1933; Kogarah, 1934-1935; Wollongong, 1936-1937; Artarmon, 1943-1949; Kogarah, 1949-1963); nil (Merewether, 1968-1980)
* [[/Olaf Olsen|Olsen, Olaf]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QT-69T] - 1878(Norway)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Dalby 1922 (Receive) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Dalby, 1913-1943); engineer (Toowoomba, 1949; Redcliffe, 1954; Paddington, 1958-1963)

==='''O'MAY'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. W. O'May|O'May, J. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Derwent O'May|O'May, Robert Derwent &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNF-5NS] - 1903(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); 7OM Hobart (Bellerive, 1924-1927+; Sandy Bay, 1931+; Bellerive, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 74, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 508, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bellerive, 1928-1954)

==='''OPPENHEIM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver George Oppenheim|Oppenheim or Oliver, Oliver George &quot;Ollie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSS-S7L] - 1911(Vic)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 3ZX Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 580, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1936-1942; Elsternwick, 1949); radio engineer (Elsternwick, 1954); company executive (Coogee, 1958-1963; Lugarno, 1968); importer (Strathfield, 1972-1980)

===''O'REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Joseph O'Reilly|O'Reilly, Maurice Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-VMC] - 1866(Irl)-1933(NSW) - Licences: XACI Bathurst (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St Stanilaus College, Bathurst, 1913); rector of college (St John's College, Camperdown, 1930-1933) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/oreilly-maurice-joseph-7918 ADB] 
===''O'ROURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sydney O'Rourke|O'Rourke, John Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJP-ZW4] - 1918(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 4OR Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1937-1939); 4SO Brisbane (Margate Beach, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2042, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical apprentice (Norman Park, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Newmarket, Qld, 1949); engineer (Margate, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''ORR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Murray Donald Orr|Orr, Murray Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-H29] - 1900(Vic)-1941(Vic) - Licences: 3OR Lake Meran (1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 440, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1940-1941) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Lake Meran, 1924-1934) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/orr-murray-donald-1700/]

===''OSBORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jeffrey David Osborne|Osborne, Jeffrey David &quot;Jeff&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Louis Frederick George Osborne|Osborne, Louis Frederick George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GF-MGZ] - 1900(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3DD Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DD Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1926); 3BMO Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gas fitter (Malvern East, 1922-1926); inspector (Carnegie, 1931-1977)
===''OSBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bolivar Laing Osburne|Osburne, George Bolivar Laing &quot;Laing&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MFY2-F9W] - 1896(Vic)-1933(Vic) - Licences: XKJ Terang (1913-1914); 3BG Terang (1922-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 235, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Terang, 1922-1931)

===''OTHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Othen|Othen, Charles James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRHF-H8Y] - 1897(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: XVT Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5AS Receive Adelaide (1923); 5ON Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1954-1956; Eden Hills, 1960-1969; Blackwood, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3385, 1953, SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''O'TOOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian O'Toole|O'Toole, Ian]] - Licences: 2ZIO Sydney (Adamstown Heights, 1969; North Rocks, 1975; Castle Hill, 1980) - amateur operator; historian (amateur, military communications); proprietor Kurrajong Radio Museum - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://vk2bv.org/archive/museum/ Kurrajong Radio Museum]

===''OTTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Shannon Otty|Otty, William Shannon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7J1] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZL Killingworth (1923-1931); 2ZL Toronto (1933-1975); 2ZL Fennell's Bay (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 219, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Toronto, 1937-1954); retired (Toronto, 1958-1980)

===''OVERLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Overlack|Overlack, Peter]] - early wireless historian [https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval_Networks_Dominance_of_Comms_in_Maritime_Ops.pdf &quot;The Struggle for the Australian Airwaves: The Strategic Function of Radio for Germany in the Asia-Pacific Region before World War I&quot;]

===''OWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Chester Owen|Owen, Chester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ3G-H47] - 1899(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923); 3ZM Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balaclava, 1921; St Kilda, 1922-1926); engineer (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); mechanic (Caulfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Echuca, 1943-1972)
* [[/Stanley Wainwright Owen|Owen, Stanley Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDV9-BP2] - 1912(Vic)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 6RX Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 2RX Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1948-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 716, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 436, 1933; 1COCP 340, 1933; TVOCP 40, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1937-1958); television engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1963-1968); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1972-1977; Artarmon, 1980)

===''OXENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Justinian Oxenham|Oxenham, Justinian]] - 1860(Qld)-1932(Vic) - senior federal public servant (Secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
===''OXLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Oxlade|Oxlade, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-H1C] - 1907(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4GO Brisbane (Newmarket, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 229, 1926, No. 19 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: painter (Chermside, 1937-1943; Maroochydore, 1954; Wavell Heights, 1958), contractor (Chermside, 1963-1980)

=='''P'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''PAECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leonard Paech|Paech, Robert Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6DL-76D] - 1920(SA)-1963(SA) - Licences: 5RL Adelaide (Underdale, 1936-1939, 1947-1948); 5LP Adelaide (Seacombe Gardens, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1626, 1936, SA; 2COCP 279, 1939; BOCP 371, 1941; 1COCP 810, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Nevison Page|Page, Leslie Nevison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSBX-CRV] - 1920(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (New Farm, 1937-1939; Brisbane City, 1947); 2NB Sydney (Potts Point, 1954); 2LP Sydney (St Ives, 1955-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1931, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 2NB may have been withdrawn for 2NB Broken Hill - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ascot, Qld, 1928-1929) (too young for 1920 birth, must be a namesake); radio technician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1954); radio engineer (St Ives, NSW, 1958); manager (St Ives, NSW, 1963); electronics engineer (Epping, NSW, 1968; Eastwood, NSW, 1972)

===''PAGET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Ernest Paget|Paget, Harold Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTK-ZBF] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephonist (Valley, Qld, 1925-1926); postal sorter (Ashgrove, Qld, 1928-1949); mail officer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PAICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Cameron Paice|Paice, Donald Cameron &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KD-2FT] - 1932(Vic)-2018(Vic) - Licences: 3ADP Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3055, 1950, Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1954; Mt Waverley, 1963-1980) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 2AJ Valentine Keith Paice
* [[/Valentine Keith Paice|Paice, Valentine Keith &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K3-5T6] - 1904(NZ)-1977(???) - Licences: ZL1AJ (Z1AJ) 1925-1926; VQ1AJ (OO1AJ) Fanning Island (1926-1928); 2AJ (VK2AJ) Sydney 1929; OA4V Peru (1929) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Ashbury, NSW, 1930) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 3ADP Donald Cameron Paice

===''PARADISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Harry Elliker Paradise|Paradise, Eric Harry Elliker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3M-D75] - 1904(Qld)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Stones Corner, Qld, 1925-1937)
===''PARASIERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Isidore Percy Robert Parasiers|Parasiers, Isidore Percy Robert &quot;Robert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9Y-8B1] - 1902(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (City, 1932-1933; Glandore, 1937-1939); 6PS Perth (Inglewood, 1947); 5RF Adelaide (Glandore, 1948); 5RF Murray Bridge (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 952, 1932, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 283, 1936; BOCP 132, 1937; 2COCP 256, 1939; 1COCP 330, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Norman Paris|Paris, James Norman &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWR-B1W] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: &quot;WIA-L5006&quot; Adelaide (Prospect, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur listener; prominent broadcast listener (1950s, 1960s); clubs (Australian DX Radio Club (SA); Southern Cross DX Club) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Radcliffe Parish|Parish, Hugh Radcliffe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCDL-Y23] - 1914(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7CP Launceston (1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1070, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 189, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Burnie, 1936-1937); manager (Winnaleah, 1943-1949); radio executive (Launceston, 1954)
===''PARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles William Park|Park, John Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-N4N] - 1904(Eng)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6BB Perth (South Perth, 1924-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 794, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (South Perth, 1943-1949); radiographer (South Perth, 1958-1980)
===''PARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Cyril Parker|Parker, Keith Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KDSK-X2P] - 1912(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5PA Port Pirie (1933); 5SO Port Elliot (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 348, 1931; 1COCP 213, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio technician (Fiskville, Vic, 1949-1963; Bassendean, WA, 1968); manager (Cairns, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Kenneth Herbert Parker|Parker, Kenneth Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTM1-Q5G] - 1905(WA)-1994(WA) - Licences: 6KP Meekatharra (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1192, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mining register (Meekatharra, WA, 1931-1937); resident magistrate (Cue, WA, 1943; Geraldton, WA, 1943); stipendary magistrate (Northam, WA, 1949); magistrate (Mt Pleasant, WA, 1954; Riverton, WA, 1958-1963; Applecross, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/P. S. Parker|Parker, P. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2CM Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1923, briefly then reverted to 2CY); 2CY Sydney (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet confidently identified but likely Philip Selwyn Parker, engineer, Bellevue Hill, 1930
* [[/Ronald Alexander Parker|Parker, Ronald Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-6BM] - 1908(Vic)-1984(Qld) - 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1926), 3RA Bendigo (1927), 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), 4PT Southport (1980+), qualifications (AOCP 213, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1931), accountant (Hawthorn, 1936-1937), secretary (Malvern, 1943-1949), retired (Southport, 1980)

===''PARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Parr|Parr, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-22T] - 1908(NSW)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3OM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 646, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1943); engineer (Footscray, 1949; Brunswick, 1949-1963; Melbourne City, 1968-1980)
===''PARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alchorne Parry|Parry, Charles Alchorne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8J-BGL] - 1916(Qld)-2009(USA) - Licences: 4CP Gordonvale (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1441, 1935, Qld; BOCP 177, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Education: PhD - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Cairns, Qld, 1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1943)

===''PARSONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warwick William Parsons|Parsons, Warwick William or William Warwick (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2L4-5ZC]- 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PS Adelaide (City, 1933; Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Rose Park, 1954-1974) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1147, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''PATERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Pryde Paterson|Paterson, Paul Pryde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-LPF] - 1915(WA)-1942(PNG) - Licences: 6PP Wiluna (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1961, 1937, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 24 Squadron, Flight Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/paterson-paul-pryde-260515/]
* [[/Raymund Gordon Paterson|Paterson, Raymund or Raymond Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CH-7RX] - 1903(Vic)-1996(Canada) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 506, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Glenferrie, 1926-1928)

===''PATTERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Campbell Patterson|Patterson, Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9Y1-GDH] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5XR Naracoorte (1933-1939); 5XR Peterborough (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1097, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, 1939); electrician (Quorn, 1941-1943)
* [[/James Brown Patterson|Patterson, James Brown]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTW-WDY] - 1833(Eng)-1895(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Politician, briefly Premier of Victoria (1893-1894), Postmaster-General Vic (July 1878 - March 1880) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Charles William Ingram Patterson|Patterson, Robert Charles William Ingram &quot;Charles Ingram&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5T-2Q4] - 1910(Vic)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 3YP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1927-1939; Eaglemont, 1946-1954); 4YP Brisbane (Fig Tree Pocket, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 352, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Mundabullangana, 1931-1937); agent (Fig Tree Pocket, 1958-1968)

===''PAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Anthony Paul|Paul, Leo Anthony]] - 1905(Vic)-1968(Vic) - 3JQ Receive Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1922-1923), 3LP Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1924-1937; Preston, 1938-1939), 3XO Melbourne (Fairfield, 1948-1960; Thornbury, 1965), amateur operator (AOCP 15, 1924, No. 6 in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''PAYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George H. Payne|Payne, George H.]] - 19??(???)-1987(Qld) - 4NEV Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1946+, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, hon. secretary; WIAQ, president, assoc. members section)
* [[/John Payne|Payne, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSL-41Q] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2IN Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1927; Kensington, 1928-1930)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: insurance department manager (Kensington, 1930-1931); secretary (Kensington, 1933)
* [[/Reginald Lewis Payne|Payne, Reginald Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG9-HFF] - 1898(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: 3RP Geelong (Newtown, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 225, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1919-1921); telegraphist (Newtown, 1922-1942) (check XJM R. Payne, Armadale for relationship)
===''PAYTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Payter|Payter, Joseph William]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - early telephone experimenter in Melbourne, mechanic in Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs (one of James Smibert's &quot;Williamstown boys&quot;)

===''PEARCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Ronald Pearce|Pearce, Edward Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR3M-7YJ] - 1916(Vic)-2004(WA) - Licences: 6TP Perth (North Perth, 1936-1939, 1948; Mt Hawthorn, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1757, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (North Perth, WA, 1937); engineer (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Coolbinia, WA, 1980)

===''PEARN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Pearn|Pearn, William Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCKW-JRW] - 1896(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PN Adelaide (Sturt Park, 1934-1939; Wayville West, 1947-1948; Unley, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1378, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Unley, SA, 1939-1941)

===''PEARSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Richman Pearson|Pearson, Ian Richman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-4LF] - 1908(Vic)-1972(Tas) - Licences: 3SP Melbourne (Berwick, 1929-1931); 7KB Burnie (1948-1965); 7KB Port Sorell (1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 528, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Deer Park, Vic, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Burnie, Tas, 1949-1954)

===''PELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Frederick Law Pelling|Pelling, John Charles Frederick Law &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-176] - 1908(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6WO Moojebing (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1213, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Dumbleyung, WA, 1931); farmer (Moojebing, WA, 1936-1943; King River, WA, 1949-1968)

===''PEMBLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Pembleton|Pembleton, Thomas Edward &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HP-JDF] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4ZL Rockhampton (1936-1939;1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1600, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943); turner (Rockhampton North, 1949-1980)

===''PEPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Campbell Pepper|Pepper, Ralph Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC93-1MN] - 1905(NSW)-1984(Qld) - Licences: N742 Receive Tamworth (1922); 2HV Receive Tamworth (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tamworth, 1930; Maroubra, 1931; Artarmon, 1934-1949; Newmarket, Qld, 1954-1972; Alderley, 1977-1980)

===''PERDRIAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carter Perdriau|Perdriau, Henry Carter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D9-L79] - 1895(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: XHC Sydney (1912-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: cousin of 2ZR William James Stanley Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: manager (Chatswood, 1930-1936; Roseville, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Stanley Perdriau|Perdriau, William James Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTH6-8LS] - 1885(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923); 2ZR Sydney (Manly, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: cousin of XHC Henry Carter Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Manly, 1930-1943)
===''PERREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Litchfield Perrey|Perrey, Alexander Litchfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZVM-9P9] - 1898(SA)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 5LP Strathalbyn (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 99, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Francis Cole Perry|Perry, Malcolm Francis Cole]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L679-XR2] - 1891(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: XCP Sydney (Randwick, 1913-1914); 2DG Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1930-1937); editor (Randwick, 1943-1949; Coogee, 1954-1958); counsellor (Hazelbrook, 1958-1963)

===''PETERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Zornig Peters|Peters, Henry Zornig &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4XX-HBC] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ZP Maryborough (1937-1939); 4ZP Sarina (1947-1956); 4ZP Cooroy (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1978, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Yerra via Maryborough, Qld, 1936-1937; Sarina, 1943); farmer (Cooroy, 1963-1980)

===''PETERSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Marzanti Petersen|Petersen, Thomas William Marzanti &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 1919(Qld)-1981(Qld) - 4FY Brisbane (Cooparoo Heights, 1946-1947), 4YO Moreton Island (1975), amateur operator (AOCP 2321, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor), military (WW2, AIF), employment (Hills TV service), business proprietor (Advance Radio, Wynnum Radio Repairs)
===''PETERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Franz Peterson|Peterson, Harold Franz]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-CV1] - 1888(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HP Sydney (Coogee, 1930-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 617, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector (Coogee, 1930-1958)
* [[/Rupert Clarence Peterson|Peterson, Rupert Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87D-VJ3] - 1910(Vic)-2000(NSW) - Licences: 7AZ Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922-1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923-1924); 3PT Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 401, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 96, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949; Ivanhoe, 1954-1977); retired (Merimbula, 1980)
* [[/Walter Peterson|Peterson, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QP Melbourne (Toorak, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 689, 1930, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kew, 1925); telephone engineer (Kew, 1926-1928); engineer (Toorak, 1931-1937); secretary (Lilydale, 1943-1954); electrical instrument maker (Collingwood North, 1967-1968) - several contemporaneous WPs
* [[/Walter Martin Peterson|Peterson, Walter Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDRD-G6B] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6LW Perth (West Perth, 1937; East Perth, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; City, 1954-1956; City Beach, 1960-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1864, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Balcatta, WA, 1931-1936; North Perth, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1937-1943); radio engineer (East Perth, WA, 1949-1958); lecturer (City Beach, WA, 1963-1977)

===''PHELPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Phelps|Phelps, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D5-97G] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DL Sydney (Canterbury, 1931-1939, 1946; Ashbury, 1947-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 769, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1935-1937; Ashfield, 1942; Ashbury, 1949-1963)
===''PHILBIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Philbin|Philbin, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKL-L7L] - 1889(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7FP Queenstown (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ulverstone, 1914); electrician (Queenstown, 1919-1937); electrical fitter (Queenstown, 1949-1954); to NSW 1940s
===''PHILLIPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan William Albert Phillips|Phillips, Alan William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-LD4] - 1915(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5GX Adelaide (Somerton, 1936-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1601, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (St Leonards, SA, 1939; South Plympton, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Albert Maurice Phillips|Phillips, Albert Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-GGP] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5ZU Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1713, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Gordon George Phillips|Phillips, Gordon George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7V-TB1] - 1887(NSW)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 93, 1915; 1COCP 321, 1933 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Townsville, 1912-1919); radio telegraphist (Currie, King Island, 1922); telegraphist (South Townsville, 1925); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1937)
* [[/Harry Edward James Thomas Phillips|Phillips, Harry Edward James Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZW-SXG] - 1896(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1933; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Merlynstone, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 532, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: slaughterman (Newmarket, 1919); butcher (Emerald, 1922; Mitcham, 1924-1936; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1949)
* [[/James Graham Phillips|Phillips, James Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-8JC] - 1909(SA)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 5BW Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1931; Somerton, 1933-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 256, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Somerton, 1939-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/606863]
* [[/Noel William Phillips|Phillips, Noel William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9FX-877] - 1911(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4NP Ipswich (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1396, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Public Works Dept) - Electoral Rolls: painter (Ipswich, Qld, 1936-1937)
===''PHILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurance Vincent Phillis|Phillis, Laurance Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5R-98V] - 1900(SA)-1953(SA) - Licences: 5LP Adelaide (South Payneham, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1136, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PHILPOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Hanmer Philpot|Philpot, Clarence Hanmer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMRM-C7S] - 1906(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Geelong (1923); 3CP Geelong (1924-1925); 3CP Warrnambool (1925-1926); 3KL Ararat (1927); 3KL Avoca (1931-1937); 3KL Horsham (1938-1939); 3KL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 381, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Derrinallum, 1928; Avoca, 1931-1936); postal (Elsternwick, 1942-1980)
===''PHILPOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Jones Philpott|Philpott, Oliver Jones]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LJ-52T] - 1869(???)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Sandringham, 1919); manager (Caulfield, 1921-1927)
===''PHIPPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Roger Sydney Phipps|Phipps, William Roger Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZX2-Z6G] - 1896(Eng)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6WP Perth (Subiaco, 1924-1927; Victoria Park, 1930-1933; South Perth, 1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 111, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 16, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Subiaco, 1921); electrical fitter (Subiaco, 1925); radio operator (Victoria Park, 1931; South Perth, 1936-1972)

===''PIKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Herbert Arthur Pike|Pike, John Herbert Arthur &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MT5R-K62] - 1890(NSW)-1961(NSW) - XJP Sydney (Arncliffe, 1911), XDY Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912-1914), XDZ Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912), 2DF Receive Sydney (Epping, 1922-1924), 2JP Sydney (Epping, 1925-1929; Greenwich, 1930-1939, 1946-1961), amateur operator (AOCP 130, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, AWA (research, later draftsman)
===''PINNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chalker Pinnell|Pinnell, John Chalker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z5-P4G] - 1902(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923-1924); 2ZR Sydney (Marrickville, 1929-1934; Ashfield, 1935-1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1939, 1946-1950; Earlwood, 1954-1961; Croydon, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 547, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1934; Ashfield, 1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1949); teacher (Earlwood, 1954-1963); retired (Ashfield, 1968; Mt Kuringai, 1980)
===''PINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Pinney|Pinney, C. R.]] - 18??-19?? - 4CP Port Moresby - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''PITCHFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stuart Frederick Pitchford|Pitchford, William Stuart Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5C-X48] - 1906(Eng)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (City, 1926-1933; Hyde Park, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 254, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Reade Park, 1939-1943)

===''PITTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Graham Pitts|Browne, Reginald Graham or Graham Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGB-56Y] - 1915(SA)-2005(WA) - Licences: 5GP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1934-1939); 5GP Alice Springs (1947); 5GE Port Augusta (1955-1975); 5GE Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1377, 1934, SA; 2COCP 189, 1938; 1COCP 225, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: finisher (Torrensville, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Alice Springs, NT, 1949)

===''POLLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henderson Pollock|Pollock, John Henderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFM-9TQ] - 1895(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Moorooka, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Moorooka, Qld, 1922-1926); insurance manager (Townsville, Qld, 1928-1937); insurance agent (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''PONSONBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bessborough Ponsonby|Ponsonby, John Bessborough]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 466, 1919; 1COCP 50, 1930 - coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls:

===''POPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maitland Glen Pope|Pope, Maitland Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ4K-FN6] - 1884(WA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 122, 1915; 1COCP 153, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1906); civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); civil servant (Hobart North, Tas, 1914); officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1919-1921); wireless expert (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925); wireless operator (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1927-1931); supervisor (Essendon, Vic, 1936-1954)

===''PORTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Glanville Porter|Porter, Leonard Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLX-765] - 1897(SA)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5MP Huddlestone (1938-1939; 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 966, 1927; 1COCP 73, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1924); wireless operator (5PI Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''POTTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Potter|Potter, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-38V] - 1915(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6ZO Perth (East Fremantle, 1937-1939; Bicton, 1947-1965; Melville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1959, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (East Fremantle, WA, 1937-1943); contractor (East Fremantle, WA, 1949-1958; Melville, 1963); builder (Melville, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Francis Potter|Potter, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G878-638] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2WP Helensburgh (1928-1939); 2WP Fairy Meadow (1948-1950); 2WP Charlestown (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 399, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 38, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Helensburgh, 1930-1937); mechanic (Fairy Meadow, 1949); shiftman (Charlestown, 1954); electrical mechanic (Charlestown, 1958); railway employee (New Lambton, 1958)

===''POTTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Charles Pottie|Pottie, Norman Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V3D-JFZ] - 1909(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HQ Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931; Hunters Hill, 1933-1938; Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 589, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933; Hunters Hill, 1936-1937; Albury, 1943; Willoughby, 1949-1958)
===''POULSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valdemar Poulsen|Poulsen, Valdemar]] - 1869(Denmark)-1942(Denmark) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - inventor of a magnetic wire recorder, Poulsen arc transmitter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [[w:Valdemar Poulsen|Wikipedia]]; [https://ethw.org/Valdemar_Poulsen IEEE]; [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Valdemar-Poulsen Britannica]
===''POWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Power|Power, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PRESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Arthur Campbell Preston|Preston, Thomas Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDV-FFD] - 1886(Tas)-1970(Tas) - Licences: 7BK Queenstown (1923-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 190, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Mount Lyell Co (electrical engineer, 1920s; chief engineer) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Queenstown, 1919-1954)
===''PRESTON-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cedric Preston-Smith see Cedric Preston Smith

===''PRICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Clarey Price|Price, John Clarey &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7GR-V19] - 1884(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4CE (Receive) 1922; 4FI or 4FJ Brisbane (Bardon, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); radio business proprietor (Wireless House); public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wooloowin, 1912-1913); public servant (Bardon Estate, 1919-1936; Bardon, 1943-1954)
* [[/Keith Ferguson Price|Price, Keith Ferguson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-TPD] - 1900(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4KF Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1937-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1937, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1926); engineering instructor (Camp Hill, Qld, 1937-1943); electrical engineer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PRIDDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Arthur Priddle|Priddle, Raymond Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-PNF] - 1913(NSW)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Bathurst (1929-1936); 2RA Sydney (Marrickville, 1938-1939; Greenwich, 1946; Pymble, 1947-1961; Wahroonga, 1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 473, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Yass, 1935; Marrickville, 1936-1943; Lane Cove, 1943; Pymble, 1949-1963); engineer (Wahroonga, 1968)
===''PRIDEAUX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Charles Prideaux|Prideaux, Joseph Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-Y6H] - 1908(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4DS Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: musician (Lismore, NSW, 1935-1943); hairdresser (Lismore, NSW, 1949-1968)
===''PRIDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Clifford Pridham|Pridham, Leslie Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK2-H6C] - 1916(SA)-2007(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2047, 1937, SA; BOCP 301, 1940; 1COCP 834, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Lockleys, SA, 1943)

===''PRINCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Prince|Prince, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKT-ZLR] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5WK Adelaide (Walkerville, 1934-1939; Kurralta Park, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1358, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Queenstown, SA, 1941); fitter (Gracemere, SA, 1943); sheet metal worker (Broadview Gardens, SA, 1943)

===''PROPOSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilhelm Carl Lormann Proposch|Proposch, Wilhelm or William Carl Lormann or Forman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVN-TGW] - 1900(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4PL Chinchilla (1937-1939); 4PL Nanango (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1986, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wellborer (Maclargan via Jondaryan, Qld, 1925-1936); radio dealer (Chinchilla, Qld, 1937; Nanango, Qld, 1943-1968)

===''PRYZBILLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Alfred Pryzibilla|Pryzibilla, Colin Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKD-1SY] - 1910(SA)-2001(SA)91yo - Licences: 5XJ Adelaide (Parkside, 1935-1939, 19471960; Brooklyn Park, 1965-1969; Ascot Park, 1975; Plympton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1590, 1935, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PURDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Commodore Vere Purdon|Purdon, Commodore Vere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ28-Y6B] - 1901(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1922); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1922; Hobart South, 1928; Bellerive, 1936-1954)

=='''Q'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''QUICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Quick|Quick, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKWF-QQF] - 1852(Eng)-1932(Vic) - state politician (MLA Vic, 1880s &amp; 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1909-1910), oversight of 1909 Melbourne Wireless Telegraphy Conference - Links: [[w:John_Quick_(politician)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/quick-sir-john-8140 ADB]
===''QUIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Quin|Quin, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-TP8] - 1910(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6CX Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937; Wembley, 1938-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 678, 1930, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 178, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wembley Park, 1937); accountant (Swanbourne, 1963); retire (Swanbourne, 1972-1977)

=='''R'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''RADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Dynan Radford|Radford, Wilfred or William Dynan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/92MT-KNF] - 1916(Qld)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4WV Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); 4WW Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1624, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: theological student (Hunters Hill, NSW, 1943); clergyman (Toongabbie, NSW, 1954); priest (Marist College, Armidale, NSW, 1958; Toongabbie, NSW, 1963-1968; Hunters Hill, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RAGLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Beaumont Ragless|Ragless, Gordon Beaumont]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMY3-58F] - 1909(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5GR Adelaide (St Marys, 1928-1939; Marion, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 434, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchard assistant (St Marys, 1939-1943)

===''RAINBOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Rainbow|Rainbow, Christopher James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87K-BB5] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Melbourne (Preston, 1928-1954; West Preston, 1955-1969; Rosebud, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 406, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, partnership (Supreme Radio Co, Preston ?-1932), WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Preston, 1931-1942); traveller (Preston, 1949-1972; Rosebud, 1977); retired (Rosebud, 1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3PA Percy James Anderson
===''RAMSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Ramsay|Ramsay, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-4RT] - 1871(Eng)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Toowong, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hermit Park, Qld, 1903-1905; South Brisbane, Qld, 1912; West End, Qld, 1915-1919); accountant (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925; Waverley, NSW, 1930-1934); teacher (Waverley, NSW, 1936-1943)
* [[/Robert Ramsay|Ramsay, Robert ]] - 1842(Sct)-1882(Vic) - solicitor, Victorian politician, Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1874 - Aug 1875; Oct 1875 - May 1877)

===''RANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Otto Randell|Randell, Charles Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97TF-XLP] - 1880(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BK Innisfail (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (callsign to 4BK Brisbane commercial 1930) - Comment: 4AC Leslie Waters employed by Randell Engineering - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Hambledon, 1903); chemist (Goondi, 1908); engineer (Innisfail, 1912-1913); mechanical engineer (Townsville, 1915); analytical chemist (Innisfail, 1919-1930); agent (Toowong, 1936); chemist (Brisbane, 1937); industrial chemist (North Sydney, 1949)
===''RANKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Ronald Rankin|Rankin, Kenneth Ronald &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2RC-8FS] - 1906(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3KR Kerang (1926-1939); 3KR Benalla (1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 242, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kerang, 1928-1937); manager (Benalla, 1949-1963) - Probate: Theatre Manager (Benalla, 1965)
===''RANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Rann|Rann, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDG-VMV] - 1908(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6KO Perth (Nedlands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1000, 1932, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Nedlands, WA, 1931); printer (West Subiaco, WA, 1936; Wembley, WA, 1937-1943; Leederville, WA, 1954-1958); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1963-1972)

===''RAYNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Rayner|Rayner, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQQ-2LK] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LJ Sydney (Stanmore, 1928-1930; Belmore, 1931-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 384, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 425, 1933; 1COCP 335, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Annandale, 1930); constable (Belmore, 1933-1934); police constable (Belmore, 1937-1949)

===''READ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Earl Read|Read, Alfred Earl &quot;Earl&quot;]] - 1892(NZ)-1960(NZ) - journalist (editor NZ Radio Times to 1936; editor and proprietor, Australasian Radio World 1936-1940; manager, Australasian Radio World 1940+)
* [[/Allan William Read|Read, Allan William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1B-WF2] - 1913(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6LK Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1933); 6LK Northam (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 735, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 163, 1934; 1COCP 83, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broadcasting Station, Northam, WA, 1936-1937); radio technician (North Perth, WA, 1943-1958); public servant (Nollamara, WA, 1963-1980)

===''READER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/d'Arcy Harold Reader|Reader, d'Arcy Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KX-8N8] - 1888(NZ)-1952(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 123, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Thursday Island, Qld, 1916-1917)

===''READING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Reading|Reading, Edward Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZW7-9DL] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2RG Bangalow (1925-1929), 2LT Lismore (1965-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, electrician, Reading Bros (proprietor &amp; electrical engineer, 1930-1939), 2RG callsign may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 2RG Griffith commercial
* [[/Leonard William Reading|Reading, Leonard William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2LY-H23] - 1904(WA)-1989(WA) - Licences: 6LR Northam (1933-1936); 3TQ Newport (1937); 6LR Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939; South Perth, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1200, 1933, Vic; 1COCP 384, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Northam, WA, 1925-1936; Newport, Vic, 1937); airman (South Perth, WA, 1943); supervisor (Karinup, WA, 1980)

===''REDDROP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Reddrop|Reddrop, James William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1T-SYY] - 1906(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Launceston (1934-1937); 3BN Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 28, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: airman (Elsternwick, 1931; St Kilda, 1937); air force (Elsternwick, 1942-1954); air force officer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1958); RAAF officer (Campbell, 1963); retired (Hackett, ACT, 1968); representative (Tbre Lake, 1972-1980)

===''REED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Griffiths Reed|Reed, Joseph Griffiths &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC6Y-GZZ] - 1897(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: XABP Newcastle (1914); 2JR Sydney(Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Croydon, 1934-1939; Northbridge, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 710, 1922; 1COCP 235, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Summer Hill, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1943-1968)

===''REEDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Bennett Reedman|Reedman, Alfred Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZLN-MVM] - 1896(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Norman Park, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919-1921; Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1980)

===''REES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Montague Elyder Rees|Rees, Richard Montague Elyder]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXW-S6Y] - 1901(Eng)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 2RE Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1927; Coogee, 1928-1930); 2WM Sydney (Enfield, 1931-1933); 2APW Albury (1946-1947); 3APW Darling (1948-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 296, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 959, 1927; 2COCP 283, 1930; BOCP 107, 1937; 1COCP 941, 1945 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Enfield, 1931-1937)

===''REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Dwyer Reilly|Reilly, Edward or Edwin Dwyer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S5-67P] - 1913(Vic)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (Woodville, 1935-1939; Brooklyn Park, 1947-1975; Aldinga, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1524, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Woodville, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Eric Harold Reilly|Reilly, Eric Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L153-S1X] - 1905(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4ER Brisbane (Hill End, 1934-1937); 4ER Laidley (1938-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1339, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ, WICEN) - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Hill End, Qld, 1934-1937); motor mechanic (Laidley, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''REIMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Alwin Reimann|Reimann, Albert Alwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4RD-V3K] - 1905(SA)-1946(SA) - Licences: 5JO Adelaide (Kent Town, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 453, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''REINARTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John L. Reinartz|Reinartz, John L.]] - 1894(Ger)-1964(USA) - 1QP (1908-?), 1XAM, W3RB, K6BJ USA, amateur operator, with Fred Schnell made first Trans-Atlantic 2 Way QSO with F8AB Leon Deloy
===''REINHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Cyril Reinhold|Reinhold, Edwin Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHH4-WWR] - 1900(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: Q747 Receive Brisbane (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clayfield, 1925); motor mechanic (Gracefield, 1931-1949); soldier (Sherwood, 1954-1980)

===''RENNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rennie|Rennie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HI Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. M. Rennie|Rennie, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QF Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/K. M. Rennie|Rennie, K. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AO Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RENSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Phillip Renshaw|Renshaw, Walter Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9KS-1LX] - 1891(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: XFP Sydney (Roseville, 1912-1914); 2DE Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 370, 1918 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator - amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIA NSW - 1912+, President, Federal President); professional clubs (IRE NSW - founding member); business (consulting engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Hon. Sec. WIA NSW) - Comment: late 1930s entangled in a NSW State Government corruption enquiry - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Roseville, 1936-1954; Ashfield, 1958-1968)
===''RENWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Griffith Renwick|Renwick, Arthur Griffith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-8XV] - 1902(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2CG Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 292, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Roseville, 1930-1937); chemist (Drummoyne, 1943-1954); retail chemist (Strathfield, 1958-1963)

===''RETALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Moncrieff Retallick|Retallick, James Moncrieff]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKK3-QDW] - 1898(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2XO Bellingen (1930-1939, 1946-1947); 2FE Portable Bellingen (1933-1939); 2XO Raleigh (1948-1955); 2XO Coffs Harbour (1956-1958); 2XO Urunga (1960-1969);  - Qualifications: AOCP 664, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: attendant (Substation, Raleigh, 1949-1954); electrical mechanic (Urunga, 1963-1968)

===''REYNOLDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Daniel Reynolds|Reynolds, George Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9J-VBQ] - 1886(NZ)-1964(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 180, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1917; Cooktown, 1928); radio (Malvern, 1934-1937); wireless operator (New Farm, 1943); radio station manager (Townsville, 1949); retired (Malvern, 1954-1963)

===''RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Rhodes|Rhodes, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BS-QMC] - 1887?(???)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Kadina (1923); 5HR Kadina (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Needs more research - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quorn, 1939-1943; Grassmere, 1943)

===''RIBBETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Ribbett|Ribbett, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQQ-YRJ] - 1880(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''RICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fry Rich|Rich, Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-YZ3] - 1873(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 4CR Fife Bay, Papua - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Father of 4VX 2AJZ 9VX 2API Mackendrick Charles William Rich - Electoral Rolls: retired (Chatswood, NSW, 1943-1949)
* [[/Mackendrick Charles William Rich|Rich, Mackendrick Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-5MB] - 1903(PNG)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 4VX Samarai, Papua (1938-1939); 2AJZ Sydney (Chatswood, 1946); 9VX Port Moresby (1947-1948); 2API Sydney (Manly Vale, 1954-1955; Balgowlah, 1956-1969; Manly Vale, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 4CR Charles Fry Rich - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Manly Vale, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Manly Vale, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RICHARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. F. Richards|Richards, G. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (Moonah, 1923); 2237 Hobart (Moonah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/George Richards|Richards, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDM-JZ6] - 1888(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4XK Ipswich (1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 575, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mine manager (Silkstone, 1917-1932; Booval, 1936-1958)
* [[/Maurice Evans Richards|Richards, Maurice Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-KPB] - 1910(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5CY Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); 5MR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 369, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Likely a relation of 5WR Wilfred Mayo Richards - Electoral Rolls: welder (Millswood East, SA, 1943) 
* [[/Norman Henry Richards|Richards, Norman Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-NL1] - 1912(Eng)-2007(Qld) - Licences: 4NR Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1932-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1071, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1937); mechanic (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1943); refrigeration engineer (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1963-1968); retired (Glasshouse Mountains, Qld, 1972-1977; Tin Can Bay, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Victor John Richards|Richards, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-3HH] - 1916(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6JR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1894, 1937, WA; 2COCP 265, 1939; 1COCP 367, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Nedlands, WA, 1937); radio operator (Alice Springs, NT, 1943); machinery assistant (Wivenhoe, Tas, 1949); radio technician (Darlinghurst West, NSW, 1949; Charters Towers, Qld, 1949)); radio operator (Carlingford, NSW, 1954); radio technician (Blacktown, NSW, 1958); technician (Applecross, WA, 1958-1972); radio officer (Applecross, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Mayo Richards|Richards, Wilfred Mayo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-6W4] - 1896(SA)-1948(SA) - 5WR Adelaide (Medindie Gardens, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 364, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - certainly a relation of 5MR Maurice Evans Richards

===''RICHARDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Kennington Richardson|Richardson, Alan Kennington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRM-73L] - 1914(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5AR Adelaide (Everard Park, 1934-1939; City, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1277, 1934, SA; AOLCP 201, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Everard Park, SA, 1939)
* [[/Jasper Bede Richardson|Richardson, Jasper Bede]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-LTY] - 1907(WA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 6LX Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1933; Hollywood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 831, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (East Fremantle, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Hollywood, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943; East Fremantle, WA, 1949); mechanic (Bicton, WA, 1954-1968)
* [[/John Keith Richardson|Richardson, John Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QQ-76P] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Tas) - Licences: 4KR Barcaldine (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: overseer (&quot;Ashgrove&quot;, Gore, 1930-1932)

===''RICKABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorimer Douglas Rickaby|Rickaby, Lorimer Douglas &quot;Rick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMR4-Z8W] - 1906(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4VR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Coopers Plains, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 485, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4VL, 4AK, 4BK); military (WW2, RAN); ship wireless officer; security officer (MSS) - Relationships: father of 4RX Brian ??? Rickaby; father-in-law of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1931-1934); radio engineer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949);  meter reader (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1958-1972) 
* [[/Brian ??? Rickaby|Rickaby, Brian ???]] - Licences: 4ZAP Brisbane (Coopers Plains, 1960); 4RX Brisbane (Salisbury, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOLCP; AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; broadcast engineer (Qld State Broadcasting Office, P&amp;TD / DoC / DoTaC / ABA) - Relationships: son of 4VR Lorimer Douglas Rickaby; husband of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls:

===''RIETHMULLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Riethmuller|Riethmuller, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64Z-XCL] - 1903(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4SK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 250, 1930; 1COCP 299, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jandowae, 1936); radio technician (Wellington, NSW, 1937; Moorooka, 1943); radio operator (Darlinghurst, 1949; Wahroonga, 1963-1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1972-1980)
===''RING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Mostyn Ring|Ring, Keith Mostyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB8-YR7] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5KH Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1932-1939, 1947-1948; Marion, 1954; Eden Hills, 1955-1969); 5KH Williamstown (1975); 5KH Kapunda (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 923, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Jamestown, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Leo Ring|Ring, Thomas Leo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-D97] - 1893(Vic)-1945(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 233, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1916; Sandgate, 1921); clerical assistant (Bowen, Qld, 1925); postmaster (Texas, 1930-1937); retired (Hendra, Qld, 1943)

===''RIPPEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Adolf Heinrich Gerhard Rippen|Rippen, Adolf Heinrich Gerhard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-QSB] - 1919(WA)-1941(Off coast of Kenya) - Licences: 6GR Perth (Fremantle, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1731, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, HMAS Sydney II, Telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fremantle, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.sydneymemorial.com/registrydetails.asp?ID=478 HMAS Sydney II Memorial]; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/644953 VWMA]; [http://www.streetwisemedia.com.au/unknown-sydney-sailor-named-after-80-years/ Streetwise]

===''RIVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Ronald Rivers|Rivers, Edmund Ronald or Ronald Edmund]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJH-V2S] - 1901(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3ER Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1922-1923); 3ER Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 767, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RIX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Henry George Rix|Rix, Walter Henry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MMQX-KZQ] - 1898(Qld)-1923(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Receive Brisbane (Bulimba, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: tram conductor (Valley, Qld, 1919-1921)

===''ROBBINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Fellows Robbins|Robbins, Thomas Fellows]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-2SL] - 1918(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5DK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1935-1937; Malvern, 1938-1939); 5AQ Leigh Creek (1954-1960); 5AQ Port Augusta (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1548, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Malvern, SA, 1941-1943)

===''ROBERTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles D'Arcy Roberts|Roberts, Charles D'Arcy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-VBN] - 1909(NSW)-1943(Burma) - licences: 2JV Sydney (Greenwich, 1928-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 408, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (signalman, 8 Division Signals, 1943) - Electoral rolls: clerk (Lane Cove, 1930-1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Harry Mayland Roberts|Roberts, Harry Mayland or Mayfield (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLH-KKF] - 1912(SA)-1979(SA) - Licences: 5MY Adelaide (Alberton East, 1931; Myrtle Bank, 1938-1939; Fullarton Estate, 1947-1954; Plympton, 1955-1965; North Plympton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 763, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Myrtle Bank, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/J. C. A. Roberts|Roberts, J. C. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAAY Sydney (Parramatta, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Identification: Not yet identified, despite three given names - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Nicholas William Roberts|Roberts, Nicholas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-XKV] - 1915(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5NR Adelaide (St Peters, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1228, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, age 21yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Noel Grafton Roberts|Roberts, Noel Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRD-CCL] - 1924(Eng)-2008(Eng) - Licences: 5NR Katherine (1947) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 589, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio inspector (Tally Ho, Vic, 1967-1968; Glen Waverley, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/Richard George Crafter Roberts|Roberts, Richard George Crafter or Crofter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWFZ-Z24] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2UU Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 750, 1922; 2COCP 430, 1933; 1COCP 505, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ashfield, 1933-1936; Lovetts Bay, 1943; Chatswood, 1949-1958)
* [[/Russell Flexmore Roberts|Roberts, Russell Flexmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL4K-265] - 18??-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4PN Brisbane (West End, 1927-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 372, 1927, No. 41 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; television experimenter (4CM); broadcaster (4BC, manager) - Electoral Rolls: musical director (South Brisbane, 1919); musician (Coorparoo, 1934); manager (Yeronga, 1936-1937); alderman (Annerley, 1954)
* [[/V. Roberts|Roberts, V.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBERTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Desmond Robertson|Robertson, Brian Desmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-W63] - 1921(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 1RD Macquarie Island (1950s); 5RD Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 998, 1946 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/David Sterling Robertson|Robertson, David Sterling]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-F7H] - 1920(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Mt Lofty, 1937-1939, 1948-1965); 1ATR Canberra (Deakin, 1956; Yarralumla, 1960); 5RN Adelaide (Stirling, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1944, 1937, SA; 2COCP 346, 1940; 1COCP 405, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 5YL-1YL Denise Alison Robertson nee Haslam - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (North Sydney, 1943)
* [[/Denise Alison Robertson|Robertson nee Haslam, Denise Alison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-JWG] - 1927(NSW)-2008(SA) - Licences: 1YL Canberra (Yarralumla, 1960-1965); 5YL Adelaide (Stirling, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3552, 1956, ACT - amateur operator; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 5RN-1ATR David Sterling Robertson - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Robinson|Robinson, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1G8-ZJ2] - 1900(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Hunter's Hill, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 498/499, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical meter tester (Haberfield, 1933-1936) - 2GR callsign previously held by Joseph Sydney Marks
* [[/Arthur Robinson|Robinson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-4PP] - 1926(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ABF Sale (1948-1956); 3ABF Melbourne (Croydon, 1960); 3ABF Traralgon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2710, 1948, Vic; TVOCP 184, 1959 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Croydon, 1963); PMG TV technician (Traralgon, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles John Robinson|Robinson, Charles John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJD-DC5] - 1908(Tas)-2004(???) - Licences: 7RC Launceston (1936-1937); 7KR Launceston (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1668, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carter (Launceston, 1936-1937); cordial maker (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John William Robinson|Robinson, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7H-Q61] - 1895(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2EN Receive Sydney (Ryde, 1922-1923); 2RN Receive Sydney (Concord, 1923); 4RN Brisbane (Kedron, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur broadcaster; Honorary Radio Inspector NSW; First director 4QG - Comment: several contemporaneous JWRs - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Merthyr, Qld, 1925-1926); radio engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1928); engineer (Herston, 1936-1937)

===''ROBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Laudreux Robson|Robson, Colin Laudreux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYV-TL8] - 1916(WA)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6XI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1937-1939); 6XI Northam (1947-1948); 6XI Waterloo (1954-1960); 6XI bunbury (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 181, 1936; AOCP 2055, 1937, WA; BOCP 234, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (6AM Quarters, Northam, WA, 1949; 6TZ, Waterloo, WA, 1958-1963; Bunbury, WA, 1968-1972)

===''ROCKWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Bruce Rockwell|Rockwell, Horace Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K882-BWV] - 1887(Tas)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XQH Brisbane (Wynnum) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; WW1; WW2; a founder of Wireless Institute of Queensland 1912 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1913; Wynnum, Qld, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Enoggera, Qld, 1919; Chelmer, Qld, 1925); electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1936-1937); soldier (Middle Head, NSW, 1943); engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1949)

===''RODDA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William David Rodda|Rodda, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WK-4JB] - 1907(WA)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WR Perth (Claremont, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 435, 1928, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1191, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Claremont, 1931-1936; Nedlands, 1937; Claremont, 1943); control operator (Nedlands, 1949-1954); technician (Perth, 1958)

===''RODWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Rodwell|Rodwell, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWX8-VG7] - 1909(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Bowen Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1936-1937); grocer (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); company manager (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1968); bookseller (Aspley, Qld, 1972)

===''ROGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Stanley Rogers|Rogers, Bernard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPV-L34] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FG Adelaide (Blackwood, 1934-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1948; Glandore, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1274, 1934, SA; 1COCP 907, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Edwardstown, SA, 1939-1943)

===''ROHDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Campbell Rohde|Rohde, William Campbell &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76S-GRF] - 1907(Qld)-1991(Qld) - Licences: 4RW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 493, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (YWCA Wireless Club); comms engineer (PMGD); broadcast engineer (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Red Hill, 1934-1943; Newmarket, 1949); postal engineer (Coorparoo, 1958-1980)

===''ROLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Rolls|Rolls, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-V3F] - 1886(???)-1957(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Auburn, Vic, 1916-1919); naval officer (Camberwell, Vic, 1924-1925); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1928-1949)

===''ROSCOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Thomas Roscoe|Roscoe, Geoffrey Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QR-GJY] - 1900(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Receive Condamine (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Condamine, Qld, 1925; Macknade, Qld, 1936-1937; Boonah, Qld, 1943); retired (St Lucia, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''ROSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William (Qld) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-JJM] - 1911(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4RR Brisbane (1925); 4RQ Longreach (1930-1939, 1946-1948); 2AQR Wallsend (1956-1961); 2AQR Avoca (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 576, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; chemist - Comment: Another Robert William Rose b1923 BOCP 993 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowong, 1925); chemist (Longreach, 1936-1949; West Wallsend, 1958-1963; Avoca Beach, 1968)
* [[/Robert William (Vic) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Vic)]] - 1923(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 993, 1948; 3AIR 1790, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROSENSKJAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rosenskjar|Rosenskjar, F.]] - 19??-19?? - 4?? Brisbane (Fairfield) (Operator 4BI), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''ROSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander David Ross|Ross, Alexander David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68V-KFR] - 1883(Sct)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Professor of Mathematics &amp; Physics, University of Perth) - Electoral Rolls: university professor (Perth Club, 1916; West Perth, 1925-1954); retired (Albany, WA, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-alexander-david-8270 ADB]; [[w:Alexander_David_Ross|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.news.uwa.edu.au/archive/201206204747/features/setting-standards-excellence/ UWA]
* [[/John Francis Ross|Ross, John Francis &quot;Jack&quot;]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer (PMGD); journalist (editor, The Broadcaster); historian (broadcasting, Amateur Radio, radiocommunications); author (&quot;History of Radio in South Australia&quot;; &quot;Radio Broadcast Technology&quot;) - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROUTLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Angus Routledge|Routledge, Robert Angus &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX2-BDP] - 1913(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5RA Adelaide (Richmond, 1930-1931; Henley Beach, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 679, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Henley, 1939); radio technician (Henley, 1941); physics technician (Glenelg, 1943)

===''ROWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. L. Rowe|Rowe, R. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2LR Sydney (Milsons Point, 1928; McMahons Point, 1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 267, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ROWLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert George Rowland|Rowland, Robert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH14-G2J] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Ballarat (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 657, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Grovedale, 1924); storekeeper (Majorca, 1925-1927; Ballarat, 1931); radio dealer (Ballarat, 1936-1980) - Don't Confuse: 3ZGG/3AFS Robert George Rowlands

===''ROWLATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Rowlatt|Rowlatt, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCMJ-HZT] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1915-1921); engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1925-1937); mechanical engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1943-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''ROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Roy|Roy, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 577, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator?; amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Individual not yet identified (115 Skene St, Warrnambool, Vic - 1930)
===''ROYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Arthur Kirkcaldy Royle|Royle, William Arthur Kirkcaldy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ13-BBQ] - 1909(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2WA Sydney (Edgecliff, 1927-1928); 2AWK Sydney (Darling Point, 1946-1950; Sandringham, 1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 318, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: underwriter (Edgecliff, 1936-1954); agent (Sandringham, 1958)

===''RUBAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Peter Ruban|Ruban, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-DMS] - 1925(???)-2015(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Footscray North, 1963-1968); technician (Maidstone, Vic, 1972-1980)
===''RUMBOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Rumbold|Rumbold, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VKD-BSQ] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Bendigo (1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 349, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Bendigo, 1928); insurance agent (Kyneton, 1931; Shepparton, 1931; Bendigo, 1936-1937); assistant superintendent (Bendigo, 1942-1954); cabinet maker (Bendigo, 1963-1972)
===''RUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Ruse|Ruse, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZMB-QWY] - 1891(Vic)-1987(WA)95yo - Licences: 6WK Perth (Perth City, 1930-1931; Osborne Park, 1933-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 627, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Osborne Park, 1916-1972); retired (Bunbury, 1977-1980)

===''RYAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Ryan|Ryan, Albert John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWH-V6X] - 1897(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 2LE Canberra (Kingston, 1930-1933); 2YN Canberra (Kingston, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: CPRT 489, 1919; AOLCP 80, 1932; no record of AOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; broadcast engineer; PMGD (junior mechanic NSW, 1917; clerk, 1919); founder of 2CA Canberra commercial - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AJR's
* [[/George Edward Ryan|Ryan, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-RCC] - 1910(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Dutton Park, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1633, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; telephone mechanic (PMGD) - Comment: several contemporaneous GERs - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943-1954); PMG Instructor (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); instructor (Taringa, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''RYMILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Campbell Rymill|Rymill, Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXVS-CTB] - 1907(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Riddoch Rymill|Rymill, Robert Riddoch]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5N-YC9] - 1904(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: V753 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GX Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ethnologist (South Yarra, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/535352 WW2]

=='''S'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''SAAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Saar|Saar, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ52-N3K] - 1889(???)-1956(WA) - Licences: 6CZ Receive Perth (West Perth, 1923); 6CZ Northam (1923-1925); 6KM Eucla (1926-1927); 6KM Geraldton (1933); 6KM Perth (Maylands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 264, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph lineman (North Perth, WA, 1915); postal electrician (Northam, WA, 1917); mechanic (Bunbury, WA, 1916-1917; Balkatta, WA, 1922; Eucla, WA, 1925-1926; North Perth, WA, 1928; Maylands, WA, 1931); postal electrician (Maylands, WA, 1936-1954)

===''SAGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Noel Sagar|Sagar, Eric Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-4J9] - 1896(SA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 5CM Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); 5CM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1924-1926); 4ES Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Halcyon: Not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: manager (Greenslopes, Qld, 1932); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949); orchardist (Kincumber, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''SAINSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Henry Sainsbury|Sainsbury, Rupert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L28X-5H3] - 1896(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1924-1936); 4YJ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1946-1954; Epping, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 54, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930); traveller (Hendra, 1936-1937); soldier (Norman Park, 1943); executive (Concord West, 1949-1954); commercial traveller (Epping, 1958-1968)
===''SAINTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Melville Sainty|Sainty, Clifford Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ61-1GZ] - 1907(NSW)-1987(SA) - 2MS Warrawee (1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 88, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, likely related to XAH S. J. Sainty

===''SALAMY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Salamy|Salamy, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZHH-VWR] - 1904(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AJ Receive Warrnambool (1922-1923); 3AJ Warrnambool (1924-1933); 3PS Warrnambool (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 35, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Warrnambool, 1924-1977)

===''SAMPHIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Luke Samphier|Samphier, Richard Luke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58L-DPC] - 1914(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6YZ Perth (City, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1938-1939; Carlisle, 1947-1955; Mt Lawley, 1956-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1717, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: blind school worker (North Perth, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1943); Blind School employee (Carlisle, WA, 1949-1954; Mt Lawley, WA, 1958)

===''SANDEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Sandel|Sandel, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4J-54J] - 1905(Qld)-1999(NSW) - 2UW Sydney (Manly, 1923; Kensington, 1923-1924; Northbridge, 1924-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1926-1927); 2HH Sydney (Woollahra, 1936-1939, 1946-1969; Bondi, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 270, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; founder B class 2UW Sydney &amp; 2UX Wagga Wagga - don't confuse Charles Albert Sandell of AAE fame - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Woolahra, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1933; Edgecliff, 1936-1937; Bondi Junction, 1943-1954; Bondi Beach, 1958-1980)

===''SANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Albert Sandell|Sandell, Charles Albert]] - 1886(Eng)-1980(WA) - early wireless experimenter, Sydney, 1911, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in ???), participant in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, amateur broadcaster, military (WW1), don't confuse Otto Sandel of 2UW fame
===''SANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Sander|Sander, John Henry &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K6WF-H23] - 1906(WA)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MS Geraldton (1935-1937); 6MS Perth (Cannington, 1938-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1435, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wheelwright (Geraldton, WA, 1930); electrician (Geraldton, WA, 1931-1937); telephone mechanic (South Perth, WA, 1937; Cannington, WA, 1943-1954)

===''SANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas George Sanderson|Sanderson, Douglas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WZJ-2K3] - 1924(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast engineer (PMGD); historian (broadcast); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Torwood, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Ashgrove, Qld, 1958-1968); engineer (Chermside, Qld, 1972; Windsor, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SANDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Keith Sandham|Sandham, James Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''SAUNDERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lewis Saunders|Saunders, Alfred Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-FMS] - 1909(SA)-2003(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923-1924); 5BX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1925-1939, 1946-1955; Plympton, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 223, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Glenelg, 1939-1943)

===''SAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Saw|Saw, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S9-JN3] - 1884(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6DA Perth (Armadale, 1923-1926; Victoria Park, 1927); 6DA Albany (1930-1931); 6DA Perth (Wanneroo, 1933; North Perth, 1937-1939); 6DA Northam (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 174, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storekeeper (Armadale, 1909); electrician (Beverley, 1916-1917; Armadale, 1921-1925; Albany, 1928-1931; Balkatta, 1936; Leederville, 1937; Kalgoorlie, 1937-1943); mechanic (North Perth, 1949); retired (Triggs Island, 1954)
* [[/Malcolm Henry Saw|Saw, Malcolm Henry ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVCY-H9M] - 1921(WA)-1997(WA) - 6SM Perth (Doubleview, 1960-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 3674, 1958, No. ?? in WA), WW2, engineer (Doubleview, 1972)
===''SAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Sawford|Sawford, Leonard Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LF7J-2XK] - 1908(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5DH Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); 5LF Adelaide (Peterhead, 1925-1928; West Croydon, 1931; Largs, 1937-1939); 5YF Adelaide (Glen Osmond, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 173, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; agent (Largs, 1939) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Largs, SA, 1939-1941)

===''SCANLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Scanlon|Scanlon, William Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKG-3XR] - 1901(Tas)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1921-1923); 7AL Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (Medhursts, Hobart to 1924, Launceston from 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harley Irwin Schell|Schell, Harley Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-PV8] - 1907(Tas)-1996(Tas) - Licences: 7AW Receive West Burnie (1922); Receive West Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kelso, 1936-1972)
===''SCHLEICHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Schleicher|Schleicher, Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D4-5RS] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - 4KS Brisbane (Toowong, 1938-1939, 1946-1947; Alderley, -1950+; Aspley, McDowall, -1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2144, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), radio employee (Tracksons, manager service), business proprietor (Blue &amp; White Cabs comms)
===''SCHMIDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Frederick Schmidt|Schmidt, Ronald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88P-1B9] - 1913(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LY Trafalgar (1930); 3LY Moe (1931); 3LY Sale (1933-1939, 1946-1948); 3LY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 567, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 69, 1932; 1COCP 72, 1936; TVOCP 75, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sale, 1934-1937); radio technician (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Camberwell, 1954-1980)
===''SCHNITZERLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Joseph Schnitzerling|Schnitzerling, Leonard Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G885-W43] - 1907(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Warwick (1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2099, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, 1928-1968)

===''SCHOFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Schofield|Schofield, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-69N] - 1874(Eng)-1971(WA)97yo - Licences: 6WS Perth (Peppermint Grove, 1935-1939, 1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1463, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1919); broker (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1922-1968)

===''SCHOLZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hans Scholz|Scholz, Hans &quot;Harold&quot; / &quot;Harry&quot; / &quot;Tibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-CV3] - 19??(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1931); 4HR Nambour (1933); 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937); 4HR Gladstone (1937-1939); 4HR Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 784, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ; South Brisbane RC; Brisbane DX Club); broadcast technician (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); mechanic (Dalby, 1943); not stated (Morningside, 1949-1968)

===''SCHULTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Nelson Schultz|Schultz, Leonard Nelson &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJY-QBF] - 1906(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1922); 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1923-1930); 2ANM Sydney (Mosman, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 171, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 45, 1931; 3AIR 176, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (co-designed 2GB, 1926; involved 2CA, 4BH, 2MW, 5DN); professional associations (IRE: foundation member, vice-president, president); aviator (Royal Aero Club NSW, committee) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting engineer (Mosman, 1935-1937); engineer (Mosman, 1949-1977)
===''SCHULTZE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Ludwig Schultze|Schultze, John Edwin Ludwig]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTB-9FL] - 1906(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3QO Receive Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1923-1924), 3JS Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1925-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 163, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, motor mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934)

===''SCOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil John Scott|Scott, Alfred Cecil John &quot;Cecil&quot;, &quot;Cec&quot;, &quot;Scottie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M12J-9YK] - 1888(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Launceston (1923); 7CS Launceston (1925-1931); 7CS Hobart (Lindisfarne, 1933; Sandy Bay, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 56, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well-known for comic QSL cards - Electoral Rolls: bench clerk (Nelson, 1936; Hobart South, 1943-1954)
* [[/Ernest Kilburn Scott|Scott, Ernest Kilburn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBDW-TBR] - 1868(Eng)-1941(Eng) - Came to Sydney in 1905 to organise electrical engineering department of University of Sydney, likely early wireless experimenter, promoted need for wireless telegraphy for Australia, returned to England ca 1910 - [https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Ernest_Kilburn_Scott Graces Guide - Ernest Kilburn Scott]
* [[/Francis Ladner Scott|Scott, Francis Ladner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHK-DTF] - 1899(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4BO Thursday Island (1933); 2UH Sydney (Randwick, 1934-1936; Naremburn, 1937-1938; La Perouse, 1939 - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 419, 1918; 2COCP 360, 1931; 1COCP 33, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal wireless operator; military (UK Merchant Navy post WW1) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1925); radio telegraphist (Pinkenba, Qld, 1929; Thursday Island, Qld, 1931; Randwick, NSW, 1935; Waverton, NSW, 1943; Wyndham, WA, 1943; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)
* [[/George Archibald Scott|Scott, George Archibald &quot;Scotty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G682-TGN] - 1882(Eng)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 607, 1921; 1COCP 181, 1931 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); PMGD (radio inspector, WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as radio inspector, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, 1913-1914; Hendra, 1915-1917); radio inspector (Fremantle, 1925-1937) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84253651 Bio]
* [[/Herbert Godfrey Scott|Scott, Herbert Godfrey &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-JFJ] - 1902(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4HS Toowoomba (1931-1937); 4HS Brisbane (Albion, 1938-1939; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 750, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1925-1936; Albion, 1943-1968)
* [[/Jack Bartlett Scott|Scott, Jack Bartlett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-FLR] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NR Sydney (Epping, 1930-1934); 2AJX Sydney (Cheltenham, 1938-1939; Epping, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 685, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Epping, 1933-1935); engineer (Epping, 1949; Wahroonga, 1954-1968); retired (Carlingford, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Ochiltree Scott|Scott, Robert Ochiltree]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-5SX] - 1898(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 2RS Gundagai (1929-1931); 2RS Balranald (1933); 3OS Scotsburn (1937-1939); 3OS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 476, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Ballarat, 1920-1924); farmer (Murrayville, 1925-1927; Gundagai, 1930); mechanic (South Yarra, 1943; Melbourne, 1949)
* [[/Robert Townley Scott|Scott, Robert Townley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7YC-MBK] - 1841(Eng)-1922(Qld) - senior state public servant (secretary, Qld Post &amp; Telegraph Dept), senior federal public servant (secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
* [[/W. F. Scott|Scott, W. F.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane (West End) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 334, 1927, No. 37 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: likely father of H. S. Scott who was reported youngest ever to pass AOCP at age 16 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter Henry Scott|Scott, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76Z-11G] - 1904(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923); 5HS Clare (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1888, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clare, SA, 1939); telephone mechanic (Glenelg, SA, 1941-1943)

===''SEBIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Dudley Sebire|Sebire, Leon Dudley &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-QX5] - 1932(Vic)-2006(Vic) - Licences: 3CF Melbourne (Wandin North, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: 2COCP 1319, 1955; 1COCP 1786, 1955 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, director Telstra Broadcasting Branch - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Wandin Yallock, 1954); engineer (Mordialloc, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of 3MX Percival John Sebire - Awards: Member Order of Australia &quot;For service to communications, particularly broadcasting&quot; (1991)
* [[/Percival John Sebire|Sebire, Percival John &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFD-Z2R] - 1904(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3MX Melbourne (Moorabbin, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 692, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1926; Bentleigh, 1928-1936; Cheltenham, 1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1980) - Relationships: father of 3CF Leon Dudley Sebire
===''SEBLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Sebley|Sebley, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-7VL] - 1894(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4WS Ipswich (1931-1939, 1946-1948); Southport (1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 736, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Ipswich, 1915; North Ipswich, 1919-1949; Southport, 1954-1968);

===''SECCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Mervyn Seccombe|Seccombe, Louis Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PW-XWM] - 1895(Tas)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 3KT Receive Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1922-1923); 3KT Melbourne (East Kew, 1924; Ascot Vale, 1924-1925; Hawksburn, 1926; East Malvern, 1927); 2KT Sydney (Rockdale, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 396, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1919); commercial traveller (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1924); radio engineer (Rockdale, NSW, 1930-1937); wireless operator (Longreach, Qld, 1943); communications officer (Hurstville, 1949-1963); - Comment: Surname sometimes misspelled Secombe

===''SELBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Selby|Selby, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCTW-BMT] - 1858(Vic)-1949(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter
===''SELF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Self|Self, Thomas Edward]] - 1854(???)-19??(???) - b. 7 Jan 1854, Early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, demonstration before Royal Society 1898, beware another Thomas Edward Self (b. 9 Oct 1853) in Hobart at the same time
===''SELFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Giles Turner Selfe|Selfe, Harry Giles Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K24M-5XB] - 1894(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 157, 1915; 1COCP 51, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2; RANVR (commissioned telegraphist, 1942) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Geraldton, WA, 1918; Broome, WA, 1922; Leichhardt, NSW, 1933; Darling Harbour, NSW, 1934-1937)
===''SELLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Sellenger|Sellenger, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VT-5GJ] - 1902(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2DC Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 700, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hurstville, 1930-1963)
===''SELLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Sellick|Sellick, Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''SELMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold George Selman|Selman, Harold George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRM4-3S8] - 1907(Vic)-1985(Vic) - 3GN Geelong (1925), 3GN Chilwell (1926), 3GN Geelong (1927), 3GN Melbourne (West Coburg, 1931), 3GN Geelong (1933), 3CM Geelong (1948-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 164, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio dealer (Geelong, 1954)

===''SEMMENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Segbert Cornwall Semmens|Semmens, George Segbert Cornwall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G744-HQ5] - 1901(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XJCY Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1913-1914); V756 Receive (1922); 3GZ Receive Buln Buln East (1922); 3GS Laver's Hill (1925-1926); 3GS Queenstown (1927); 3GS Moreland (1931); 3GS Foxhow (1933); Melbourne (Essendon (1937-1939); Glen Iris (1946-1960); Clematis, 1965-1975); 3AEN Melbourne (Clematis, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 216, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Coburg, 1928; Preston, 1931; Essendon, 1936); res. chemist (Glen Iris, 1943-1963); technical adviser (Clematis, 1968-1977)

===''SERLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Serle|Serle, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-SC8] - 1910(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1933; Toorak, 1938-1939; Elwood, 1946-1947); 3ARX Melbourne (Windsor, 1948-1956; Caulfield, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 443, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931-1934; Kew, 1936; Toorak, 1937; St Kilda, 1942; Prahran, 1949; Caulfield South, 1963-1972)

===''SEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Lambert Holt Sewell|Sewell, Percy Lambert Holt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDM1-YB1] - 1900(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Receive Sydney (Paddington, 1922); 2CJ Sydney (Paddington, 1922-1925; Darlinghurst, 1925-1926) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fire Station, Mittagong, 1930-1935; Mittagong, 1936-1937; Kempsey, 1943); installation inspector (Queanbeyan, 1949)

===''SEYLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Jakob Seyler|Seyler, Albert Jakob or Jacob]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-F5N] - 1913(Ger)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - WW2 (Luftwaffe); radar engineer; television researcher; PMGD Research Laboratories (Assistant Director General) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mt Waverley, 1963; Burwood, 1968); PMG (Croydon, 1972); assistant director (Emerald, 1977) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/seyler-albert-jakob-11660 ADB]

===''SHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Henry Shannon|Shannon, Francis Henry &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1991(Qld) - 4SN Allora (1938-1939), Tamborine (1946-1947), Minden (1948-1956), Ipswich (1960-191975), Toowoomba (1980+),  amateur operator (AOCP 2145, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster , radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, WIA, Qld Listeners' League), journalist (AR, VK4 Notes), occupation (school teacher)

===''SHARLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Henry Sharland|Sharland, Arthur Henry &quot;Chilla&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-ZKS] - 1909(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4SD Brisbane (Boondall, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Ekibin, 1954); 4SD Cloncurry (1955); 4SD Brisbane (Wynnum North, 1956); 4SD Rockhampton (1960); 4SD Yeppoon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1807, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless operator); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Boondall, Qld, 1937-1943); Commonwealth officer (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954); communications officer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1958-1963; Yeppoon, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (Causeway via Yeppoon, Qld, 1980)

===''SHARP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John James Charles Sharp|Sharp, John James Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-TZV] - 1897(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3KA Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 591, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Prahran Gardens, 1919-1924; Caulfield, 1928-1972)
===''SHARPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Victor Sharpe|Sharpe, Frank Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMD2-GVZ] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4AZ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1924-1929; Ashgrove, 1930-1937; Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 4ZFS Brisbane (Clayfield, 1975); 4FV Brisbane (Clayfield, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 20, 1924, No. 4 in Qld; AOCP Q112, 1975 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (RSQ, WIAQ); military (AMF) - Awards: C.M.G.; O.B.E. - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Wooloowin, 1925-1929); director (Ashgrove, 1934-1937); soldier (Ashgrove, 1943); machinist (likely typo for merchant) (Clayfield, 1949); merchant (Clayfield, 1954-1980)

===''SHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Shaw|Shaw, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-ZDZ] - 1872(NSW)-1916(Vic) - XPO King Island (1911); X?? Sydney (Randwick), early wireless experimenter, proprietor Maritime Wireless Telegraph Co of Australasia (1910+) with Edward Hope Kirkby, technical specialist - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/shaw-archibald-john-8404 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199003.pdf EA]
* [[/J. G. Shaw|Shaw, J. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Chelmer, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Raymond Herbert Preston Shaw|Shaw, Raymond Herbert Preston]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3J-J31] - 1901(Eng)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 2LY Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1922-1923); 2LY Sydney (Woolahra, 1924-1929; South Kensington, 1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 664, 1921 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kensington, 1930-1931; Vaucluse, 1932-1980)

===''SHAWSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Alan &quot;Smithy&quot; or Alan Shaw Smith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37T-B3Y] - 1917(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4SA Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1935-1939); 4SS Brisbane (West End, -1952-2010) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1582, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; historian (amateur); journalist; broadcast engineer (ABC2); public servant (ABC2) - Relationships: Father of 4JSS Steven Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Salisbury, Qld, 1943); radio mechanic (West End, Qld, 1949); builder (West End, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Steven Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Steven &quot;Steve&quot;]] - Licences: 4JSS Brisbane - Qualifications:  (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld) - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4SA-4SS Alan Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls:

===''SHEARER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Anderson Shearer|Shearer, Gordon Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5G-JW4] - 1907(Qld)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 4FU Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923-1924); 4GA Gayndah (1930); 4GA Mt Nebo (1931-1934); 4GA Cloncurry (Quamby, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 447, 1928, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 95, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (school teacher); state public servant (Qld Dept Education); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Quamby, Qld, 1937; Westbrook, Qld, 1943); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1949); communications officer (Cloncurry, 1954); supervisor (Surrey Hills, 1963-1968); retired (Vermont, 1972-1980)
===''SHEARSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Leonard Shearstone|Shearstone, Vincent Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G895-CYJ] - 1916(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: BOCP 4, 1936 - WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Albury, 1937); radio announcer (Goulburn, 1943); radio electrician (Goulburn, 1949-1980)
===''SHELDRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Cornwell Sheldrick|Sheldrick, Eric Cornwell &quot;Shel&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-X2X] - 1903(Eng)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7BH Receive Launceston (1923); 7BH Launceston (1924-1926); 7BT Launceston (1927); 7BM Launceston (1931-1939); 7DM Burnie (1948-1954); 7DN Stowport (1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 60, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Launceston, 1928-1943)
===''SHENTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Hilton Shenton|Shenton, Maurice Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67C-Q1B] - 1903(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Receive Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: irrigation ganger (Bald Hills, 1925); assistant stream gauger (North Ipswich, 1928); public servant (Annerley, 1937)
===''SHEPARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arundel Elmore Shepard|Shepard, Arundel Elmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8HX] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5DC Adelaide (Norwood, 1928-1930; Kent Town, 1931-1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Toorak East, 1946-1965; Heathpool, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 393, 1928, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 136, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHEPHERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. A. Shepherd|Shepherd, H. A.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQD Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHERRIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Sherriff|Sherriff, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K877-WTX] - 1904(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4SU Brisbane (Fairfield, 1935-1937; Hawthorne, 1938-1939; Brisbane City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1464, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brisbane South, Qld, 1928); instructor of printing (Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''SHIELDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Edward Shields|Shields, Arthur James Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBCT-D5G] - 1894(Eng)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3GP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1939; North Balwyn, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 690, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (East Melbourne, 1925-1927; Malvern East, 1928; Camberwell, 1931-1933); auditor (Malvern East, 1934-1936); retired (Ringwood, 1943)

===''SHOEMAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Shoemaker|Shoemaker, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G828-7LL] - 1879(USA)-1932(USA) - American inventor and pioneer radio engineer, developer of Shoemaker wireless system, associated with Gehring companies, International Telegraph Construction Co (represented in Australia by John William Ormsby Hamilton, who promoted the Shoemaker system here), United Wireless Telegraph Co, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co of America, Mallory companies - Links: [[w:Harry Shoemaker|Wikipedia]]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0026.pdf PIRE1]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0027.pdf PIRE2]
===''SHORING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Samuel Shoring|Shoring, Thomas Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-NDG] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4SR Bundaberg (1937-1939; 4SR Brisbane (New Farm, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1872, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Bundaberg, Qld, 1936-1937); salesman (Bundaberg, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (New Farm, Qld, 1954; Holland Park, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''SHORT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Alban Short|Short, Alfred Alban]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTS-9QQ] - 1904(NSW)-1946(NT) - Licences: 2SH Newcastle (Lambton, 1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 280, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Lambton, 1930-1943)
* [[/Ormond Short|Short, Ormond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VHH-SGM] - 1901(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3SK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1928; Horsham, 1931-1972); engineer (Horsham, 1977)
* [[/Walter Short|Short, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AJ Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922); 2AJ Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924; Kirribilli, 1924; Manly, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Note: several contemporaneous WSs, insufficient data to identify
* [[/William Newton Short|Short, William Newton &quot;Newt&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G97J-HMM] - 1897(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2ARA Sydney (Auburn, 1948-1954; Beacon Hill, 1955-1958; Auburn, 1960-1961; Beacon Hill, 1965); 2AOW Sydney (Auburn, 1957-1958) - Qualifications: AOCP 2829, 1948, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Ulmarra, 1930-1934); shopkeeper (Coraki, 1935-1936); munition worker (Mayfield, 1943); machinist (Auburn, 1949-1958); inspector (Beacon Hill, 1963)

===''SHORTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Charles Shortell|Shortell, Raymond Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYMQ-4HQ] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Qld) - 3VB Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3RS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1933), 3RS Shepparton (1937-1939), 3ARF Geelong West (1948-1954), 3ARF Melbourne (Croydon, 1955-1960; Hawthorn, 1965-1975), 4ARS Gold Coast (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 77, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''SHORTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eddy Wilbee Shorten|Shorten, Eddy Wilbee or Welbee or Wiebec &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWN4-MZM] - 1899(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4TS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 908, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor) - Comment: Middle name variable; Birth Welbee; Marriage Wiebec; Death Wilbe; AOCP Wilbee - Electoral Rolls:
===''SHORTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Shortt|Shortt, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4HF Camooweal (1933-1939); 5SR Tennant Creek (1947-1948); 5SR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1954; New Hindmarsh, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1193, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SIBLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC5R-MH6] - 1897(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: XYX Perth (North Perth, 1913-1914); 6AF Receive Perth (City, 1923); 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1923-1924; Inglewood, 1924); 2SB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly; brother of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: insurance clerk (North Perth, 1919-1922); manager (Albion, Qld, 1936; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1937; Rose Bay, NSW, 1943-1958); retired (Rose Bay, 1963-1972)
* [[/Clifton Archibald Sibly|Sibly, Clifton Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K41R-3JQ] - 1894(SA)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 225, 1915 - likely early wireless experimenter with brother Arthur's licence - Relationships: brother of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; uncle of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly - Electoral Rolls: farrier (North Perth, 1915-1937)
* [[/Sydney Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Sydney Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKF-F7R] - 1926(NSW)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 2ASY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1954; Kingsgrove, 1957-1965); 3AUV Melbourne (Eltham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 945, 1945; BOCP 1049, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; nephew of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: communications officer (Kingsgrove, 1958-1963); clerk (Eltham, Vic, 1968-1977; Queanbeyan, 1980)

===''SIDEBOTTOM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Geoffrey Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-KGH] - 1902(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: 7BB Receive Launceston (1922); Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of 7SK Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1928-1954) 
* [[/Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Maxwell Douglas Langford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-5QY] - 1922(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7SK Hobart (Newtown, 1948); 7SK Howrah (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2830, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; WW2 - Relationships: son of 7BB Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: sound engineer (New Town, 1949); mechanic (Bateau Bay, NSW, 1980)
===''SIDEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Longfield Sidey|Sidey, Robert Longfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-3P6] - 1874(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Lindfield, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2CB James Douglas Kay Sidey - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Lindfield, 1930-1949)
* [[/James Douglas Kay Sidey|Sidey, James Douglas Kay or Douglas James Kay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-35P] - 1904(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Receive Sydney (Lindfield, 1922-1923); 2CB Sydney (Lindfield, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2ZY Robert Longfield Sidey - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Bethungra, 1943-1949); no occupation (Junee, 1954)

===''SIEVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest William Sievers|Sievers, Ernest William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNJD-8MJ] - 1901(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1165, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 9, 1934; 1COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Kelvin Grove, 1925); night officer (Oakey, 1930); railway night officer (Narangba, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Ascot, 1943; Clayfield, 1949-1958)
* [[/William Frederick Sievers|Sievers, William Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-NDS] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3CB Receive Melbourne (East Richmond, 1922-1923); 3CB Melbourne (East Richmond &amp; South Yarra, 1924-1939, 1946-1960; Toorak, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 165, 1925, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Richmond, 1931-1943); reader (South Yarra, 1949-1963); meter reader (Toorak, 1972-1980)

===''SIGAL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Louis Sigal|Sigal, Harold Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ4R-XFJ] - 1908(SA)-1939(NSW) - Licences: 2UK Sydney (Woollahra, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 253, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Woollahra, 1930); engineer (Melbourne East, 1931); electrician (Auburn North, 1933; Centennial Park, 1934; Bondi, 1936-1937; West Perth, 1943; Woolowin, 1949; Bellevue Hill, 1954; Kensington, 1958); manager (Bondi, 1963); salesman (Bondi, 1968); retired (Vaulcuse, 1977-1980)
===''SIGMONT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Sigmont|Sigmont, Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD58-221] - 1883(NSW)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 3AH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Auburn, Vic, 1917; Elsternwick, 1924-1937; Seaford, 1942);

===''SILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Clive Silby|Silby, Arthur Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8B6-PSD] - 1894(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Australian Wireless Squadron) [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911865/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-embarkation-roll/] - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Exeter, 1939-1943)

===''SILVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Leslie Silver|Silver, Frank Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94HC-LTV] - 1904(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4FL Brisbane (Morningside, 1938-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2086, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Morningside, Qld, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Simmonds|Simmonds, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DL-234] - 1906(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2GS Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1934); 2GS Murwillumbah (1935-1939); 4PG Bundaberg (1946-1948); 2APJ Sydney (Cronulla, 1954-1955; Caringbah, 1956-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 590, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 207, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Arncliffe, 1933); gardner (Arncliffe, 1935); radio engineer (Murwillumbah, 1935-1937); technician (4BU Kalkie, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ernest John Simmonds|Simmonds, Ernest John]] - 19??(Eng)-19??(Eng) - G2OD Gerrard's Cross, Buckinghamshire, England, amateur operator, first to two way QSO Australia (Nov 1924, 3BQ)

===''SIMMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Trethowan Simmons|Simmons, Henry Trethowan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4M3-BP4] - 1905(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6KX Perth (Subiaco, 1925-1928; Mt Lawley, 1931-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; West Perth, 1954-1955; Mt Pleasant, 1956-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 181, 1925, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1121, 1928; 2COCP 295, 1930; 1COCP 257, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maylands, 1931), radio engineer (Nedlands, 1936; West Perth, 1949), engineer (Fremantle, 1958; Mt Pleasant, 1963-1980)
* [[/Leonard Joseph Simmons|Simmons, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBM-SKH] - 1907(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3LJ Melbourne (Belgrave, 1926-1931; East Prahran, 1933); 3LJ Rheola (1937-1939); 3LV Trafalgar (1948); 3LV Cheltenham (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 304, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Womerah, Yarram Yarram, 1928; Toolangi, Yea, 1931; Armadale, 1934-1936; Rheola, Bendigo, 1936-1937; Nanneela West, Bendigo, 1942; Cheltenham, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Wilkinson Simms|Simms, Eric Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XZ-9RN] - 1906(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Malvern, 1927-1931; Caulfield, 1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 360, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Malvern, 1931); buyer (Caulfield, 1934; Hawthorn, 1936-1937); manager (Malvern East, 1949-1980)
===''SIMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Robert Simpson|Simpson, Leslie Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-4VD] - 1901(WA)-1966(Vic) - 3SA Ararat (1925-1933), 3SA Melbourne (Windsor, 1947-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 44, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draper, salesman
* [[/Harry Blythe Simpson|Simpson, Harry Blythe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-CZ3] - 1920(???)-2013(WA) - Licences: 6HS Perth (Leederville, 1937-1939; Mt Lawley, 1947-1948; Nedlands, 1954-1969; Lesmurdie, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2060, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Claremont, WA, 1949-1968); marketing manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1972); manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1977-1980)

===''SIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Sims|Sims, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MK-NXC] - 1907(WA)-1992(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 344, 1927, No. 38 in Qld; 2COCP 16, 1934 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (RAAF Point Cook, 1931-1934); QANTAS air pilot (Brisbane, 1936-1937); public servant (Box Hill, 1963) - Comment: several contemporaneous Eric Charles Sims, need to sort electoral rolls
* [[/Ernest Leslie Arthur Sims|Sims, Ernest Leslie Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ6H-6PF] - 1905(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (Preston, 1930-1933); 3ZA Apollo Bay (1937-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 622, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Preston, 1931; Apollo Bay, 1933-1937; Preston, 1942; Apollo Bay, 1949-1954)

===''SINGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Paul Singleton|Singleton, Claude Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4JR-4SV] - 1914(WA)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4UX Theodore (1936-1939); 4UX Bundaberg (1946-1947); 4UX Stanthorpe (1948); 4UX Atherton (1954-1955); 4UX Malanda (1956); 4UX Ayr (1960); 4UX Childers (1965); 4UX St George (1969); 4UX Gracemere (1975); 4UX Dalby (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1638, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4QW, 4QO, 4QW, 4RK, 4QS); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Theodore, Qld, 1936-1937); radio mechanic (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Yungaburra, Qld, 1954); public servant (Gracemere, Qld, 1972)

===''SIRL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Charles Sirl|Sirl, Clarence William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89J-9LJ] - 1913(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6XG Katanning (1938-1939; 1947-1969) - Qualifications: BOCP 3, 1936; AOCP 2132, 1938, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Katanning, 1937-1968)

===''SLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Irwin Slade|Slade, Charles Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDN1-G28] - 1921(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3PZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1938-1939, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2172, 1938, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1954); medical practitioner (St Kilda, 1967-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Charles William Slade|Slade, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH3R-28W] - 1893(Eng)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2SX Sydney (Croydon, 1925-1939, 1946-1961 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; English PMG Certificate 1st class - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAN, 1909-1924); Wireless Weekly (technical editor, 1925-1928); Daily Telegraph (radio &amp; technical editor, 1928-1929); Keogh Radio (engineer, 1929-1930); Croydon Radio (proprietor, 1930-1933+) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer, R.A.N. (Croydon, 1943-1958)
===''SLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. F. Slater|Slater, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Sheffield (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harold Ivan Slater|Slater, Harold Ivan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDT3-7JP] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Kelso (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: pastoralist (Kelso, Tas, 1919); labourer (Maypole Hotel, New Town, Tas); no occupation (Middle Park, Vic, 1926); airman (Point Cook, Vic, 1927; Middle Park, 1931); traveller (Elsternwick, 1936-1968)
===''SLATTERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-KHF] - 1866(Irl)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St John's College, Camperdown; St Vincent's, Ashfield, 1930) - Links: [[w:Joseph Patrick Slattery|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/slattery-joseph-patrick-8453 ADB]
* [[/Joseph Samuel Francis Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Samuel Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVN-SSF] - 1894(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 50, 1915; CPRT 167, 1915; 2COCP 324, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1916; Esperance, WA, 1916; RAN radio station, Geraldton, 1917); travelling salesman (Stanthorpe, 1928-1930); traveller (Tamworth, 1932-1933; Woollahra, NSW, 1933-1935); commercial traveller (New Farm, 1936; Hamilton, Qld, 1937; Fairfield, Qld, 1949; West Sydney, 1949-1954); radio officer (Mascot, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''SMART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Smart|Smart, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHD-TNH] - 1891(NZ)-1980(NZ) - Licences: 4SM Barcaldine (1936-1937); 4SM Paterson (1938-1939); 4SM Longreach (1946-1948); 4SM Cairns (Cairns City, 1954-1956; Freshwater, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1625, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boiler attendant (Dunevia Station, Blackhall, Qld, 1913); motor engineer (Aramac, Qld, 1916-1925; Barcaldine, 1928-1937); freeholder (Longreach, Qld, 1943); mechanic (Longreach, Qld, 1949); farmer (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (Freshwater, Qld, 1963-1972; Cairns, Qld, 1977)

===''SMELLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ellis Henry Smellie|Smellie, Ellis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-FDM] - 1893(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 218, 1930; 1COCP 240, 1931 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Applecross, 1925; Geraldton, 1931; Broome, 1936); telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949); radio officer (Caulfield, Vic, 1954; Blackburn, 1963-1980)

===''SMIBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, George]] - 1840(Sct)-1899(Vic) - clubs (founding member Telegraph Electrical Society Vic), employment (Postal Department Vic, chief electrician), brother of James Smibert Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, James]] - 1836(Sct)-1912(Vic) - employment (Postal Department Vic, Deputy Postmaster-General, appointed following early passing of Samuel Walker McGowan), created a nepotism scandal by early promotion of brother and brother-in-law to the most senior positions in Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs in the early 1890s, likely reason for the positioning of Qld appointees at the top of the Federal PMGD in 1901; the brother of George Smibert Chief Electrician, Postal Dept Vic

===''SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Smith, Alan Shaw - See Alan Shawsmith (change of name)
* [[/Arthur Carrington Smith|Smith, Arthur Carrington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKV-VL2] - 1902(Tas)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Receive Launceston (1923); 7AB Launceston (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 8, 1924, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 930, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (operator 7BN Wills &amp; Co wannabe Class B); recording engineer (Cinesound Productions Ltd, Bondi, 1932); inventor of sound-on-film systems - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Launceston, 1928); recording engineer (Bronte, 1931-1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); recording engineer (Clovelly, 1943-1949; Waverley, 1963-1968); engineer (Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Austen Cyril Smith|Smith, Austen Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6N-JKF] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2FS Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1925; Burwood, 1925; Maroubra, 1930-1933; Homebush, 1933; Burwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 75, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio agent - Electoral Rolls: radio agent (Burwood, 1934-1937); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Burwood, 1958-1963); retired (Lower Hawkesbury, 1972-1980)
* [[/C. Smith|Smith, C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BA Receive Stanley (1922); Receive Stanley (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Cedric Preston Smith|Smith, Cedric Preston or Preston-Smith, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BB-X47] - 1907(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Cremorne, 1924); 2QK Sydney (Manly, 1935-1936; Balgowlah, 1937; Lane Cove, 1938-1939); 2CD Sydney (Cremorne, 1958-1961; Palm Beach, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank accountant (Binnaway, 1930); bank officer (Manly, 1932; Balgowlah, 1934-1937; South Melbourne, Vic, 1943-1949); bank manager (Ballarat, 1954; Cremorne, 1958-1963); retired (Palm Beach, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Smith|Smith, Charles Frederick]] - 1908(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: No licence yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 418, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1112, 1928; 2COCP 44, 1929 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Several contemporaneous Charles Frederick Smith's, not yet identified
* [[/Colin Hughes Smith|Smith, Colin Hughes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YH-LLB] - 1910(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PK Melbourne (East Kew, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 433, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kew, 1931-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1980)
* [[/Herbert Henry Baker Smith|Smith, Herbert Henry Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFN-H6R] - 19??(???)-1932(Qld) - Licences: 4DP Receive Cairns (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Cairns, Qld, 1925-1930)
* [[/J. H. Smith|Smith, J. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EA Receive Beenleigh (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Albert Malcolm Smith|Smith, John Albert Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L264-537] - 1911(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5JR Adelaide (St Peters, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1375, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/P. W. Smith|Smith, P. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EF Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Sidney Hugh Holland Smith|Smith, Sidney Hugh Holland]] - 1861(???)-1933(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, senior state public servant (Qld P&amp;T, Chief Mechanician), senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Mechanician, Qld), radio clubs (QWI, vice president), business proprietor (Telephone and Electrical Supplies Co)
* [[/Stuart Disney Paull Smith|Smith, Stuart (Birth) or Stewart (Electoral Rolls) Disney Paull or Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDB-8D8] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4LA Brisbane (Corinda, 1934-1939); 4LA Amberley (1946-1948); 4LA Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1303, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor); military (RAAF, navigator); broadcast technician (4BC); Dept Education (O/C Radio) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Corinda, Qld, 1936-1949); radio technician (New Farm, Qld, 1949); maintenance officer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1963); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Sydney Smith|Smith, Sydney]] - 1856(NSW)-1934(NSW) - senior state politician (NSW MLA), senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1904-1905)
* [[/Wilfred Smith|Smith, Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRQ-PQ1] - 1896(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 602, 1921; 2COCP 419, 1941; 1COCP 882, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/William Arthur Smith|Smith, William Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCX-XL9] - 1906(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5LZ Wallaroo (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 526, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Glenunga, 1939-1943) - beware several contemporaneous William Arthur Smith's
* [[/William Henry Smith|Smith, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2V-L4R] - 1911(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5SW Adelaide (Woodville, 1937-1939, 1947-1956); 5ASW Adelaide (Woodville, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1996, 1937, SA; BOCP 431, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WHSs - Electoral Rolls: operator (Woodville, SA, 1939)
* [[/W. J. Smith|Smith, W. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: N758 Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922); 2IC Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SMITHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Charles Smithers|Smithers, Ernest Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z1-GQ1] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 552, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector of fisheries (Urunga, 1930); inspector (Burwood, 1930-1949)

===''SMYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Walter Smyth|Smyth, Cedric Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1C-4MX] - 1916(WA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 7CD Devonport (1933-1939); 3ACH Melbourne (Doncaster East, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1133, 1933, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Preston, Vic, 1942-1949); engineer (Doncaster East, 1954-1977)
* [[/Victor Loftus Smyth|Smyth, Victor Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-P8L] - 1905(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Receive Geelong (1923); 3PJ Geelong (1924); 3PJ Bendigo (1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 126, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Bendigo, 1928-1972)
===''SMYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Cresswell Smythe|Smythe, Alan (BMD) or Allan (Electoral Rolls) Cresswell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JQ-V9V] - 1908(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: 5MF Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Hazlewood Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 658, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 135, 1933; BOCP 125, 1937; 1COCP 196, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''SNADDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Ernest Snaddon|Snaddon, John Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLF-B75] - 1920(Eng)-1944(Aegean Sea) - Licences: 3VE Melbourne (Malvern, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2322, 1939, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 459 Squadron, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/snaddon-john-ernest-409361/]
===''SNAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Leslie Snaith|Snaith, Samuel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-2S8] - 1901(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ZR Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1926; Newport, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 166, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1924-1928; Newport, 1931-1954)
===''SNAPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fairlie Roger de Burgh Snape|Snape, Fairlie Roger de Burgh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-B1V] - 1900(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NU Receive Quirindi (1923); 4JK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 695, 1922; 2COCP 340, 1931; 1COCP 221, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Quirindi, 1930); wireless operator (Quirindi, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Killara, 1949-1968); engineer (Killara, 1980)
===''SNOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Charles Snook|Snook, Keith Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTG-Z2D] - 1908(Tas)-1946(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Hobart North, 1936); motor mechanic (Hobart Central, 1937)
===''SNOSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Raymond Snoswell|Snoswell, Alfred Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NWH-MCT] - 1899(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5AD Adelaide (Exeter, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Largs, 1939-1943)

===''SODEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander William Soden|Soden, Alexander William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-7M1] - 1909(Qld)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4AS Brisbane (Annerley, 1930-1939; Yeerongpilly, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 634, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1943)
===''SOUMPROU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emile Walter Soumprou|Soumprou, Emile Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZZF-SX7] - 1906(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3WK Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1931; North Fitzroy, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; East Brighton, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 511, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Northcote, 1936-1937); retired (Fitzroy North, 1942-1949); Elsternwick, 1954)
===''SOUTHWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Lindsay Southwell|Southwell, Clifford Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-FDF] - 1897(???)-1973(NSW) - 2SW Sydney (Cremorne, 1925-1926; Northbridge, 1927-1929; Brighton-Le-Sands, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1933-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 131, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Army, Private) &amp; WW2 (Australian Army, colonel), sales manager (1954)
* [[/Leslie William Douglas Southwell|Southwell, Leslie William Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WXT-S8L] - 1900(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3SL Seymour (1924-1939, 1946-1954); 3SL Melbourne (Montrose, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 250, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Seymour, 1931-1954)
* [[/Noel Leslie Southwell|Southwell, Noel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-ZJW] - 1919(NSW)-1998(NSW) - 2ZF Sydney (Leichhardt, 1935-1939, 1946-1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980+), qualifications (AOCP 1565, 1935, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 149, 1937), amateur operator, broadcast technician (1949), QSL collection survives ARDXC/NFSA

===''SPARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Spark|Spark, John]] - 1879(USA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AC Perth (City, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Fremantle, 1917); civil servant (West Perth, 1921) - Comment: identification not certain
===''SPEDDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Spedding|Spedding, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ82-ZCM] - 1897(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 4DU Receive Brandon (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Brandon, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Lakemba, NSW, 1932-1958)

===''SPENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Keith Spence|Spence, Edward Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBYN-S3H] - 1908(Qld)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 4DT Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Union Bank, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 1930; Wellington, NSW, 1934); bank officer (Bondi, NSW, 1936; Rose Bay, NSW, 1937; Epping, NSW, 1943-1949; Northbridge, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1980)
* [[/William Guthrie Spence|Spence, William Guthrie]] - 1846(Sco)-1926(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1914-1915)
===''SPENCER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derek David Spencer|Spencer, Derek David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSW-N55] - 1909(Eng)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 3DS Melbourne (Altona, 1934-1937); 6DS Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1280, 1934, Vic; AOLCP 157, 1934; 2COCP 55, 1936; 1COCP 111, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Ulverstone, Tas, 1954; Leven, Tas, 1963); farmer (Gawler, Tas, 1972)

===''SPERRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred John Sperring|Sperring, Wilfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KVLY-JPK] - 1917(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6SP Perth (Victoria Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Belmont, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1920, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Victoria Park, WA, 1943); mechanic (Victoria Park, WA, 1949); radio engineer (Belmont, WA, 1954-1963)

===''SPICER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Spicer|Spicer, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88M-KKY] - 1910(Eng)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1929-1931; East Malvern, 1933; North Fitzroy, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 554, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1934); constable (Port Melbourne, 1936; Fitzroy, 1937-1954; Carlton South, 1967-1968); retired (Hurstbridge, Vic, 1977-1980) 
===''SPITZKOWSKY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Royston Stanley Spitzkowsky|Spitzkowsky, Max Royston Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYD-23H] - 1904(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1926-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 302, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Hamilton, 1932-1972)
===''SPOTSWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Ernest Spotswood|Spotswood, Cyril Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-4GM] - 1897(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: Receive Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Burnie, 1936-1943); fettler (Burnie, 1949-1954)
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7C] - 1892(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Poopoonbah via Giru (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1356, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: second YL operator in Qld - Relationships: Wife of 4JK Jack Lawrence Humphry - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Ching Do Siding, Ayr, Qld, 1919-1936; Giru, Qld, 1937-1949; Poopoonbah, Qld, 1954; St Lucia, Qld, 1958-1972)

===''SPRENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Ernest Sprenger|Sprenger, Herbert Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQD-2CJ] - 1914(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4ES Bundaberg (1932-1939); 4ES Brisbane (New Farm, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, 1955-1960; Rainworth, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 1064, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 165, 1938; 1COCP 530, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); state public servant (Qld Police, radio comms) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bundaberg, 1936-1937); police constable (New Farm, Qld, 1943-1949); sergeant police (Holland Park, Qld, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1958); sub-inspector police (Rainworth, Qld, 1963-1968); police officer (Rainworth, Qld, 1972); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SPURRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Charles Spurrier|Spurrier, Leonard Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTY1-WZJ] - 1904(Wales)-1984(SA) - Licences: S382 Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1922); 5AL Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Clarence Park, 1939-1941; Eden Hills, 1943)

===''SQUIRES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Squires|Squires, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-3GW] - 1909(WA)-1972(???) - Licences: 6JS Perth (Cannington, 1929-1939; Como, 1946-1956; Nedlands, 1960; West Leederville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 510, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cannington, 1931-1936); sales manager (Midland Junction, 1937; South Perth, 1943-1954); manager (Subiaco, 1963); business manager (West Kalamunda, 1968)

===''ST JOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Clive Bolingbroke St John|St John, Henry Clive Bolingbroke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTN-PV8] - 1895(Eng)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2RX Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2RX Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1939; Northbridge, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 258, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: reader (Rockdale, 1930-1936; Northbridge, 1943-1963)

===''STACEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Keith Stacey|Stacey, Howard Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3TY-D8M] - 1907(NSW)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5XA Adelaide (Firle, 1934-1937; Knightsbridge, 1938-1939; Leabrook, 1947-1956; Glynde, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1360, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Burnside, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Roy Ernest Stacey|Stacey, Roy Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDT-PNR] - 1902(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RS Proserpine (1933-1939, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1187, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: office assistant (Bauple, Qld, 1925); clerk (Proserpine, Qld, 1928-1972)

===''STACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Patrick Charles Stack|Stack, Robert Patrick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-Y2K] - 1904(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4TK Innisfail (1936-1939, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1742, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: hairdresser (Innisfail, Qld, 1930-1932); stationer (Innisfail, Qld, 1936-1943)

===''STACKPOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Julian Stackpole|Stackpole, Peter Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-H8N] - 1947(Vic)-2004(ACT) - Licences: 3ZQS Melbourne (North Clayton, 1980+; 1RX Canberra, 1990s); Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 2203, 1966; AOCP N1856, 1988 - amateur operator; broadcast planning engineer (P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA, ACA) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Hampton, 1972); technical officer (Clayton, 1977-1980)
===''STAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hurst William Stafford|Stafford, John Hurst William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV6P-XSJ] - 1901(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Receive Ipswich (Ebbw Vale, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ebbw Vale, 1925-1928; Booval, 1932-1949); engineer (East Ipswich, 1958-1963); retired (Mansfield, 1977-1980)
===''STANFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Roy Stanfield|Stanfield, Clifford Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQXR-9GG] - 1900(NSW)-1991(NSW) - Licences: N744 Receive Newcastle (1922); 2HX Receive Newcastle (1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 383, 1918; 2COCP 136, 1930; 1COCP 140, 1930 - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Randwick, 1930; Maroubra, 1932-1968); retired (Blaxland, 1977-1980)
===''STANLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. M. Stanley|Stanley, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2JS Receive Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1922-1923); 2JS Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1924); Orange (1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 100, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; newsagent (Leura, late 1920s) - Identification: Not yet identified (possibly James Melville Stanley, electrician, Lockhart, 1930) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''STAPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Stapleton|Stapleton, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-R9P] - 1915(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5KY Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1314, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Cook, SA, 1941-1944)

===''STARKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Starkie|Starkie, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBS-NCY] - 1906(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4NW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 306, 1926, No. 30 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Nundah, 1928-1937); warehouse assistant (Holland Park, 1943); manager (Wavell Heights, 1949); agent (Toowong, 1954-1958); manufacturer's agent (Kenmore, 1963); agent (Tennyson, 1968-1972); retired (The Gap, 1977; North Tamborine, 1980)

===''STARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Starr|Starr, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-LC4] - 1916(Qld)-1940(off Qld coast) - Licences: 4FS Stanthorpe (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1930, 1937, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 23 Squadron, Aircraftsman Class 1) - Electoral Rolls: baker (Stanthorpe, 1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1719163]

===''STEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey William Ashcroft Steane|Steane, Geoffrey William Ashcroft]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCF-JWV] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3UX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 775, 1923; 2COCP 330, 1931 -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mont Albert, Vic, 1931); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1937); radio engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1949); television engineer (Double Bay, NSW, 1954); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1954)

===''STEELE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rowland Edward James Steele|Steele, Rowland Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-2ZM] - 1904(Tas)-1987(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hobart West, 1928); dairyman (West Hobart, 1937-1972)

===''STEPHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Goldsmith Stephen|Stephen, Percy Goldsmith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2J-HVR] - 1896(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZB Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1925); 2PS Sydney (Balmain, 1926; Granville, 1927-1930; Lidcombe, 1931-1936; Croydon, 1937-1939; Five Dock, 1946-1958; Condell Park, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Granville, 1930); electrician (Lakemba, 1930; Lidcombe, 1932-1936); electrical fitter (Five Dock, 1943-1958); fitter (Condell Park, 1968-1972)
===''STEPHENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Nelson Stephens|Stephens, Arthur Nelson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G941-3F1] - 1886(Eng)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1922); 4CG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923-1925); Operator of 4AE - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draughtsman (North Carlton, Vic, 1912-1914); engineer (Wireless Station, Pinkenba, 1915-1919; Clayfield, 1925-1928); hotel keeper (Palm Beach Hotel, Elanora, 1932-1934; Grand Hotel, Southport, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Southport, 1949); secretary (Main Beach, 1954-1958; Southport East, 1963-1968)
* [[/Frank Richmond Stephens|Stephens, Frank Richmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-MLM] - 1897(Qld)-1977(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 452, 1919 - RANRS - Electoral Rolls:  naval reservist (New Farm, 1921); farm hand (Wamuran, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (New Farm, 1925-1937); radio mechanic (New Farm, Qld, 1943); agent (New Farm, Qld, 1949); caretaker (Brisbane, 1954-1958); retired (Bowen Hills, 1963; Coolangatta, 1968-1972)
* [[/Harry James Milne Stephens|Stephens, Harry James Milne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYC-KQH] - 1900(WA)-1982(WA) - Licences: 6ZZ Perth (South Perth, 1935-1939; Bassendean, 1947-1960; Eden Hill, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1530, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Albany, WA, 1925); railway employee (Katanning, WA, 1931-1936); storekeeper (Fremantle, WA, 1937); aircraftsman (Bassendean, WA, 1943-1963); railway employee (Eden Hill, WA, 1968-1972); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Stephens|Stephens, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-35G] - 1912(Vic)-1944(Sct) - Licences: 3GO Melbourne (Essendon, 1931-1933) - qualifications: AOCP 489, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1944) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Essendon, 1936-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/stephens-thomas-418036/]
* [[/Thomas Blacket Stephens|Stephens, Thomas Blacket or Blackett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9WG-Y5P] - 1902(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 309, 1926, No. 31 in Qld - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: articled law clerk (Annerley, 1925-1928); solicitor (Annerley, 1934; Fortitude Valley, 1936-1937; Clayfield, 1949-1968); retired (St Lucia, 1972-1980)

===''STEPHENSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Wilfred Stephenson|Stephenson, Charles Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-M7F] - 1905(Qld)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother); 2BWQ Sydney (Blacktown, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 282, 1926, No. 25 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, operator 4WN; WIAQ, operator 4AE); broadcast technician (4QG); business proprietor (cinema audio) - Relationships: brother of 4RG Harold John Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Pymble, NSW, 1932-1933); sound engineer (Capertee, NSW, 1936-1937); panel beater (Bourke, NSW, 1943); mechanic (Capertee, NSW, 1949-1954; Maroubra, NSW, 1958); autoelectrician (Blacktown, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Blacktown, NSW, 1980) 
* [[/Harold John Stephenson|Stephenson, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-9M3] - 1903(Qld)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 290, 1926, No. 27 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 4RG/2BWQ Charles Wilfred Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Wooloowin, Qld, 1925-1943); sheet metal worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); engineer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); aircraft mechanic (Maroubra, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''STEVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edgar F. Stevens|Stevens, Albert Edgar F. &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH4H-N2D] - 1894(Vic)-1954(WA) - 6BN Perth (North Perth, 1924-1927; South Perth, 1930-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 136, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telephone mechanic (1925)
* [[/Frederick William Stevens|Stevens, Frederick William]] - 1898-19?? - 4SP Brisbane, amateur operator (PRTC 788, 1923, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP, 1930, Qld), Coastal wireless operator; first chief engineer 4QG, state public servant (4QG), pilot (Qantas), federal public servant (DCA)
* [[/Robert Edward Stevens|Stevens, Robert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZMF] - 1908(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7OJ Deloraine (1931-1933); 3OJ Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 817, 1931, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Auburn, Vic, 1931; Burwood, 1937-1980)

===''STEWART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Barnett Stewart|Stewart, Alexander Barnett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHBR-VND] - 1895(Sct)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4DD Receive Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Oondooroo, Qld, 1919); farmer (Palmwoods, Qld, 1921-1925); orderman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1928); truck driver (Eight Mile Plains, Qld, 1936-1937); foreman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Donald Richardson Stewart|Stewart, Donald Richardson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94CC-2MT] - 1902(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: V739 Receive Lorne (1922); 3GS Receive Lorne (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Lorne, 1925-1954); guest house proprietor (Lorne, 1967-1968); proprietor (Lorne, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Edgar Stewart|Stewart, John Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-3JC] - 1884(NSW)-1957(NSW) - Licences: 2MR Newcastle (Mayfield, 1923-1929; Hamilton, 1930); 2MR Sydney (Chatswood, 1931); 4MR Brisbane (Nundah, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2MR Waratah (1954-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Commonwealth Electoral Commission (Chief Electoral Officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Arncliffe, 1913); District Returning Officer (Mayfield, 1930); Commonwealth Electoral Officer (Nundah, Qld, 1937-1949); retired (Waratah, 1954)
* [[/Henry Stewart|Stewart, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXS7-R71] - 1896(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 234, 1916; 1COCP 318, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous HSs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Alfred Stewart|Stewart, William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBZ-4XJ] - 1910(WA)-2020(WA)109yo - Licences: 6ST Perth (West Leederville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1958, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balkatta, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1937); salesman (Wembley Park, WA, 1943; Leederville, WA, 1949); technician (Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley Park, WA, 1968; Floreat Park, WA, 1972-1980) - Links: [https://gerontology.fandom.com/wiki/William_Stewart Gerontology]

===''STIPEK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stipek|Stipek, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-XL1] - 1898(NSW)-1974(Florida, USA) - Licences: 7BE Receive St Helens (1923); Receive St Helens (1923); 7BE St Helens (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMG telegraph messenger, left PMGD 1920; first to log KGO in Tas - Comment: beware two other John Stipek's concurrently in Tas, 1920s - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (St Helens, 1919); clerk (St Helens, 1922)
===''STITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt|Stitt, Walter Hugh Rankin Jnr &quot;Hughie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBX-L5G] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2WH Forbes (1925-1969+), 2ARN Forster (1965-1969+),  amateur operator (AOCP 196, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, &quot;brother-in-law&quot; of Leslie Maclean Wilson 2LM, note his father also Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt and lived in same district

===''STOCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel Alan John Stocks|Stocks, Daniel Alan John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-R5P] - 1897(Vic)-1933(Vic) - 3DJ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927; Surrey Hills, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 144, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrical engineer, gone too soon
===''STOCKTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stockton|Stockton, Norman]] - 1904(WA)-1943(Germany) - 4NQ Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, press correspondent), journalist, &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''STOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Frederick Stow|Stow, Allen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WR-7GG] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3AS Melbourne (North Carlton,1928-1931; North Fitzroy, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Northcote, 1948-1965); 3AFS Portable Melbourne (Northcote, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 441, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton North, 1931; Fitzroy North, 1934-1942)
===''STOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Alfred Stowe|Stowe, Harry Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBJ-YTW] - 1892(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: XAS Sydney (Drummoyne, 1911-1914); 2CX Receive Sydney (Chatswood, 1922-1923); 2CX Sydney (Chatswood, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 19, 1924, No. 9 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, 1930-1958); retired (Frenchs Forest, 1968-1977)
===''STOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Bickley Stoyle|Stoyle, Jack Bickley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM1Z-JWV] - 1881(India)-1966(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 91, 1915; 1COCP 55, 1930 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920); AWA CRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1917); radio station master (Darwin, 1922; Kilkenny, 1939-1943)

===''STRAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Michael Strafford|Strafford, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ2K-LBX] - 1900(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5JS Adelaide (Stepney, 1936-1939; City, 1947-1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1710, 1936, SA; BOCP 514, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''STRATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Stephen Stratford|Stratford, Leo Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-HRX] - 1915(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4AE Goondiwindi (1936-1939); 4LS Goondiwindi (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1678, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1936-1949); radio dealer (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1954-1958); electrician (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1968); refrigeration mechanic (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1980)

===''STREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot; - See Florence Madeline Mackenzie 4YL
===''STREET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frederick Street|Street, Reginald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW5S-Z4L] - 1900(Tas)-1927(Tas) - Licences: 7BD Receive Hobart (1923); Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Hobart West, 1922)
===''STROHFELDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Strohfeldt|Strohfeldt or Strofeldt, Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVWD-W9Z] - 1904(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4GS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1041, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: licensed for 5 years after passing - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Roma, 1926); telegraphist (Charleville, 1928-1930); Paddington, Qld, 1936-1937); assistant radio inspector (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943)

===''STUART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Stuart|Stuart, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSH-RPC] - 1895(SA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval officer (Hobart, Tas, 1919); telegraphist (Hobart, 1922; Oakleigh, Vic, 1928-1942); primary producer (Tarra Valley, Vic, 1949-1954)
* [[/Michael Aloysius Horatio Stuart|Stuart, Michael Aloysius Horatio]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-2D9] - 1891(Vic)-1953(Vic) - Licences: 3MH Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1927); 3MH Rockbank (1931-1937); 5MS Adelaide (Rosewater, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 66, 1929; 1COCP 184, 1931; likely CRPT pre 1927 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Navy); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1925-1927); radio telegraphist (Beam Radio Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1937; Geraldton, WA, 1943); radio technician (Footscray North, Vic, 1949)

===''STURDEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Ashton Hobart Sturdee|Sturdee, Vernon Ashton Hobart]] - 1890(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur radio club (member, WIQ)

===''SULLIVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sullivan|Sullivan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLGD-VK6] - 1906(Vic)-1997(Vic) - 3SR Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1925-1926), 3SR Yallourn (1927), amateur operator (AOCP 206, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (1927)
===''SUTHERLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan James Sutherland|Sutherland, Alan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK6-94L] - 1916(SA)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 5XB Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939, 1947-1948); 3AXB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1954-1965); 3KY Melbourne (Balwyn, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1592, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dunleath, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Canterbury, Vic, 1954-1968; Balwyn, Vic, 1972-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1977)
* [[/George Bremner Sutherland|Sutherland or Clyne, George Bremner &quot;Jock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVF-KQC] - 1893(Sct)-19??(WA) - 6GB Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 295, 1932), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Navy, 1911), late 1920s assistant chief engineer 6WF (to Wally Coxon), DCA (aeradio operator, from 1941), radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949), retired (North Perth, 1958)

===''SUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Sutton|Sutton, Arthur Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMFM-Z34] - 1882(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (early 1910s); utilised Henry Sutton's experimental licence - Relationships: son of XLM Henry Sutton - Electoral Rolls: music seller (Malvern, 1909-1913; Hawthorn, 1914-1915); engineer (Kew, 1922-1925); traveller (Camberwell, 1927); mechanic (Brunswick, 1928)
* [[/Henry Sutton|Sutton, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD19-T7V] - 1855(Vic)-1912(Vic) - Licences: XLM Melbourne (Malvern, 1910-1912) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed from 1890s); numerous inventions, Australia's first wireless telephony experimenter (1906); invented several new types of telephones; early television experiments - Relationships: father of Arthur Ernest Sutton - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sutton-henry-4675 ADB] - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Jnr|Sutton, Joseph William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-HCJ] - 1874(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4CP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4EI Brisbane (City, 1923-1925) (In the name of the State Engineer) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIQ, foundation member; QWI); electrical engineer; senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Engineer) - Relationships: son of Joseph William Sutton Snr - Electoral Rolls: electric engineer (Teneriffe, 1903); engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909); assistant (GPO, 1912-1919); electrical engineer (New Farm, 1921-1936); retired (Ascot, 1937)
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Snr|Sutton, Joseph William Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-W6T] - 1844(Eng)-1914(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - club (Royal Society Qld, president) - Relationships: father of Joseph William Sutton Jnr - Links: [[w:Joseph William Sutton|Wikipedia]] - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909)

===''SWABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max J. Swaby|Swaby, Max J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4DA Dalby (-1948+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''SWAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Tamsett Swain|Swain, Lionel Tamsett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL1J-TGY] - 1902(NSW)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2CS Receive Newcastle (Hamilton, 1922); 2CS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1923-1927; Waratah, 1928-1939, 1946-1950; Charlestown, 1954-1961; Bolton Point, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 108, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Withdrawal: when 2CS Coffs Harbour commenced in early 1980s, policy had changed as to withdrawal of similar amateur callsigns - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Waratah, 1930-1954); engineer (Charlestown, 1958-1963); retired (Bolton Point, 1968-1980)
===''SWEENEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Moss Sweeney|Sweeney, Walter Moss]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNZ7-YRD] - 1887(Eng)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3WS Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1924-1925; Elwood, 1925-1931; St Kilda, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 204, 1916 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Subiaco, 1916-1917); no occupation (Melbourne, 1919); wireless engineer (East Melbourne, 1921-1924); engineer (Elsternwick, 1925-1928); director (St Kilda, 1931-1963)

===''SWINBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Charles Richard Swinburne|Swinburne, Frank Charles Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDML-S1J] - 1901(Qld)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 2AT Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922-1923); 2AT Sydney (Manly, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 557, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Manly, NSW, 1937; North Sydney, 1943))
===''SWINDELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Willie Swindells|Swindells, Willie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L812-BTK] - 1890(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Richmond, Vic, 1913-1914; Parkdale, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Geelong, 1927; Darlinghurst, NSW, 1931-1933); electrical engineer (Brunswick, Vic, 1934)

===''SYMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathaniel Joseph Leo Symonds|Symonds, Nathaniel Joseph Leo &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ3-3QH] - 1908(WA)-2005(WA) - 6LS Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1925-1930; Bicton, 1947-1948), 6LX Perth (Kalamunda, 1965-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 207, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW2, tailor (Cottesloe, 1931-1943), radio operator (Fremantle, 1949-1954), radio technician (Kalamunda, 1958-1980)
===''SYMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Lindsay Gordon Symons|Symons, John Lindsay Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZZ5-Q42] - 1913(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3JT Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939; East Hawthorn, 1946-1947; Burwood, 1948; South Melbourne, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 662, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Malvern, 1934-1943; Glen Iris, 1949); hotelkeeper (Malvern, 1954); engineer (Syndal, 1963)

=='''T'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''TAPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Ernest Tapp|Tapp, Charles Ernest or Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-BXV] - 1894(NSW)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 82, 1915 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: OIC Wireless Station (Thursday Island, Qld, 1915; South Yarra, Vic, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1930); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1942); manager (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''TAPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Tapper|Tapper, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZX-4T6] - 1910(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1929-1939); 6RJ Onslow (1946-1947); 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1948-1960); 2AO Wagga Wagga (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 538, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 218, 1931; TVOCP 324, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Claremont, 1931-1943); operator (Claremont, 1949-1963); radio inspector (Wagga Wagga, 1968-1980)

===''TARBOTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Augustus Tarbotton|Tarbotton, Harry Augustus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-87K] - 1902(Eng)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6HT Albany (1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1672, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Albany, WA, 1925-1931); motor mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936-1954); radio service (Albany, WA, 1958)

===''TARLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred William Tarling|Tarling, Alfred William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVH9-4RZ] - 1900(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4TW Townsville (1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; (likely qualification ca 1920, British Merchant Navy; 1COCP 679, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coolbie, Ingham, Qld, 1930); wireless operator (Pimlico, Qld, 1931-1932); labourer (West End, Qld, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''TARRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Albert Tarrant|Tarrant, Ernest Albert Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8SB-Z68] - 1898(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2AK Receive Narrabri (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Eulah Creek, 1930; Narrabri, 1943)
* [[/William Francis Tarrant|Tarrant, William Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5M-6JT] - 1914(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2UF Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1932-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1054, 1932, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (Newcastle, 1930-1949)

===''TATHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Edward Tatham|Tatham, Sydney Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQT-52W] - 1896(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 2ST Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925; City, 1926-1928; Darling Point, 1929-1933; City, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 33, 1915; 1COCP 406, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (editor, Sea, Land and Air, 1922); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: instructor (St Kilda, 1919; South Yarra, 1919); merchant (Darling Point, 1930-1933; City, 1934-1937; Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Camberwell, 1954); director (Balwyn, 1958-1972)
===''TAYLOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert William Taylor|Taylor, Albert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX56-JGX] - 1910(NSW)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AT Port Pirie (1934-1937); 5AT Adelaide (Solomontown, 1938-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1276, 1934, SA; BOCP 286, 1940; TVOCP 461, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Marleston, SA, 1941; Edwardstown, SA, 1943)
* [[/B. A. Taylor|Taylor, B. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DF Receive Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Donald Gordon Taylor|Taylor, Donald Gordon &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-N31] - 1907(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Forestville, 1923-1924); 5DX Adelaide (Forestville, 1926-1937; Black Forest, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 307, 1926, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 25, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: another DGT served in WW2 &amp; died on active service 1943 in NT - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (Goodwood, 1939; Black Forest, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Florence Mary Parsons|Taylor nee Parsons, Florence Mary]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZX2-FZB] - 1879(Eng)-1969(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - publisher - Electoral Rolls: managing director (Sydney, 1936); journalist (Vaucluse, 1954); editor (Darlinghurst, 1958; Potts Point, 1963) - Relationships: wife of George Augustine Taylor - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-florence-mary-8754 ADB]
* [[/George Augustine Taylor|Taylor, George Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-JG7] - 1872(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Nil (always operated under military or other amateur licences) - Qualifications: Nil - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, founder WIA NSW, founder Association for Development of Wireless in Australasia - Electoral Rolls: Nil - gone too soon - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-george-augustine-8756 ADB]
* [[/Leslie Harry Taylor|Taylor, Leslie Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-CD4] - 1898(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Sydney (Ashfield, 1936-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1723, 1936, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Leichhardt, 1930-1933; Ashfield, 1935-1968); retired (Ashfield, 1977)

===''TEECE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Auburn Selwyn Teece|Teece, Cecil Auburn Selwyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2Z37-JSS] - 1885(NSW)-1970(ACT) - Licences: V733 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GO Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (East Melbourne, 1909); examiner (Kew, 1910); civil servant (Kew, 1912; Hawthorn, 1914-1917); examiner of patents (Box Hill, 1919); civil servant (Toorak, 1922; Sandringham, 1924; St Kilda, 1928; East Melbourne, 1931; Reid, ACT, 1935-1937; Barton, 1943); public servant (Barton, 1949-1954); retired (Braddon, 1958-1968)
===''TEMPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Lander Templeton|Templeton, Gordon Lander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-VLH] - 1909(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3OW Coleraine (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 631, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Tahara Bridge, 1931-1937) - Relationships: cousin of 3HG Neil Murray Templeton - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
* [[/Neil Murray Templeton|Templeton, Neil Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6SD-RDT] - 1911(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3HG Coleraine (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 632, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1934-1937); RAAF (Canterbury, 1943); grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1949-1963) - Relationships: cousin of 3OW Gordon Lander Templeton

===''THEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Milton Theel|Theel, Kenneth Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD1Z-1Z9] - 1908(SA)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5CT Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5QP Adelaide (St Peters, 1927-1933; Clarence Park, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 322, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ledger keeper (Reade Park Gardens, SA, 1941-1943)

===''THOMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Kirk Raleigh Thomas|Thomas, Henry Kirk Raleigh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-8LL] - 1902(NSW)-19??(???) - 2HT Sydney (Mosman, 1924; Neutral Bay, 1925-1933; Cremorne, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1, 1924, No. 1 in NSW and Australia), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2GB, assistant engineer, 1946)
* [[/Herbert Thomas|Thomas, Herbert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6DY Perth (CBD, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, salesman (Harris Scarfe, 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous HTs
* [[/Ivor Thomas|Thomas, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-Q3G] - 1897(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5IT Adelaide (Mitcham, 1929-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 496, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Kingswood Park, 1939-1943)
* [[/Josiah Thomas|Thomas, Josiah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSY-Y24] - 1863(Eng)-1933(NSW) - establishment radio station (2CH), state politician (NSW, MLA, 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR, Postmaster-General 1908-1909, 1910-1911) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Roland Henry Thomas|Thomas, Roland Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-7Z4] - 1911(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4LR Brisbane (Bulimba, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1058, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bulimba, 1934); radio technician (Bulimba, Qld, 1937-1972); proprietor (Manly West, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Roy Valentine Thomas|Thomas, Roy Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6H-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1958(NSW) - 2TK Sydney (Erskinville, 1925), 2RV Sydney (Bondi North, 1927-1930), 2TK Sydney (South Hurstville, 1947-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 62, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''THOMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Thompson|Thompson, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HF Receive Sydney (East Balmain, 1922-1923); 2HF Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 47, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: several contemporaneous F. Thompson
* [[/Geoffrey George Thompson|Thompson, Geoffrey George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SP-DDD] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3GT Melbourne (Thornbury, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 388, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Thornbury, 1934-1937; North Melbourne, 1949); cameraman (Hawthorn, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Neville Weston Fane Thompson|Thompson, Leonard Neville Weston Fane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJKN-FJV] - 1899(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3LT Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1933; Carrum, 1937-1939; Bonbeach, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 762, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Glenferrie, 1925; Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1934; Carrum, 1936-1954)
* [[/Stanley Gordon Thompson|Thompson, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLZ-S21] - 1906(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (North Brighton, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: expert (Brighton, Vic, 1931); mechanic (Brighton, Vic, 1936); sales (Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1972)

===''THOMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Thomson|Thomson, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZND-ZPF] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3AT Sunshine (1925), amateur operator (AOCP 145, 1925, No. ?? in Vic)
* [[/G. L. Thomson|Thomson, G. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2GT Sydney (Waverley, 1924-1925), amateur operator (AOCP 3, 1924, No. 2 in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator of 2BV Waverley Radio Club
===''THORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Thorley|Thorley, Roy &quot;John&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-8GW] - 1912(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4RT Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1937; Annerley, 1938-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, president); business proprietor (mechanical engineering) - Comment: killed in automobile accident - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1937); engineer (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1963); contractor (Charters Towers, Qld, 1963)

===''THURSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wyngate Thurstan|Thurstan, Arthur Wyngate]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVFV-XSS] - 1907(Eng)-1976(NSW) - 2AV Sydney (Penshurst, 1924-1939; Beverley Hills, 1946-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 38, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, Lempriere &amp; Co (metallurgist; Chief Chemist, 1937)

===''THRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Thring|Thring, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XFG-ZY6] - 1882(NSW)-1936(Vic) - Film producer, founder 3XY Melbourne - Links: [[w:F. W. Thring|Wikipedia]]
===''THROSSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Ledsam Throssell|Throssell or Throssel, Lancelot Ledsam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHFL-59C] - 1902(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6LT Northam (1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 248, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Northam, 1925-1931); civil servant (Northam, 1936-1937); clerk (Bruce Rock, 1943); bank officer (Kojonup, 1954; Innaloo, 1963-1972); retired (Osborne Park, 1980)

===''THUGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thuge|Thuge, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-F55] - 1917(Qld)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4NC Gladstone (1936-1937); 4NO Gladstone (1938-1939); 4NO Brisbane (Hendra, 1947); 2ANO Sydney (Stanmore, 1948-1950; Arncliffe, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1622, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Charters Towers, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Petersham, NSW, 1949; Arncliffe, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Burwood, NSW, 1972)

===''THYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Joseph Thynne|Thynne, Andrew Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3H-T8K] - 1847(Irl)-1927(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1867, eventually Lieutenant-Colonel), profession (solicitor, Qld, 1873-1882), state politician (Qld MLC, Minister for Justice and Attorney General; Qld Postmaster-General, 1894-1897)

===''TILBROOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clem David Lloyd Tilbrook|Tilbrook, Clem David Lloyd]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-4PQ] - 1912(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5GL Adelaide (Brighton, 1933-1937; Camden, 1938-1939; Colonel Light Gardens, 1947-1965; Daw Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1210, 1933, SA; 2COCP 381, 1940; 1COCP 468, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Camden, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TILNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Edward Tilney|Tilney, Leslie Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPDS-4PK] - 1870(NSW)-1937(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 13, 1914 - early wireless experimenter (army); coastal wireless officer, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1916-1917); soldier (Claremont, 1917); commissioner (Caulfield, 1924-1931); civil servant (Malvern, 1933-1936) - TroveTag: &quot;Leslie Edward Tilney&quot; (400+ tags) - Links: [https://www.anzac-biographies.com/2021/06/05/tilney-lieutenant-colonel-leslie-edward-dso-mid-vd/ Bio]

===''TILSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Howard Tilse|Tilse, Arthur Howarde &quot;Howard&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTK5-CS8] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4WO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939; South Brisbane, 1946-1948; Yeronga, 1954-1970) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 725, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 155, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Army Signals, RAAF); art dealer - Electoral Rolls: radiotrician (Yeronga, 1934-1937); RAAF wireless operator (West End, Townsville, 1943); radio operator (South Brisbane, 1949); art dealer (Yeronga, 1954-1972)
===''TIMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Robert Timmins|Timmins, Alan Robert]] - broadcast engineer (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA), senior federal public servant (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA)
===''TIPPING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Tipping|Tipping, Edward Charles]] - 19??(???)-1968(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIQ, member, 1912), federal public servant (PMGD, clerk/accountant), military (Captain, Royal Engineers)
===''TIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. G. Tiver|Tiver, R. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Tanunda (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''TODD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Hugh Todd|Todd, Alan Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-7SG] - 1919(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4HT Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937; Newmarket, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Red Hill, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1639, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1954-1977) 
* [[/Charles Todd|Todd, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3X-PJ6] - 1826(Eng)-1910(SA) - senior state public servant (Government Electrician, Postmaster-General SA) - Links: [[w:Charles Todd (pioneer)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/todd-sir-charles-4727 ADB]
* [[/Lionel Victor Glen Todd|Todd, Lionel Victor Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5CG-Z68] - 1896(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2CR Tamworth (1922-1935); 2LS Tamworth (1936-1938); 2LS Denistone (1939); 2LS Sydney (West Ryde, 1957-1965; Denistone, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 132, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 282, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2CR callsign withdrawn by PMG in 1935 for 2CR Orange (Blayney) ABC - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (West Tamworth, 1932-1937); assistant radio inspector (Eastwood, 1943-1968)
* [[/Milton Buchanan Todd|Todd, Milton Buchanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-NQT] - 1892(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 63, 1915; 1COCP 81, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Thursday Island, 1916); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1930-1935); officer (Lewisham, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1937; Croydon, NSW, 1943; Townsville, 1949); senior radio officer (Townsville, 1954); radio officer (Kensington, NSW, 1958); retired (Blaxland, 1958)
* [[/Tom Arthur Todd|Todd, Tom Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD9C-7P5] - 1906(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2OT Receive Sydney (Eastwood, 1923); 2TT Sydney (Eastwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1957) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 984, 1928; 2COCP 50, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Eastwood, 1930-1937); radio mechanic (Eastwood, 1943-1977)

===''TONGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edward Tonge|Tonge, Arthur Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4S-MNM] - 1895(Eng)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AR Brisbane (Taringa, 1933; Indooroopilly, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1149, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 54, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darra, 1931; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937); mechanic (Milton, 1943-1949); process worker (Indooroopilly, 1954)

===''TONGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Melville Tongs|Tongs, Lawrence or Laurence Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR9L-Y7N] - 1899(Tas)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 7BU Receive North Motton (1923); Receive North Motton (1923); 2ADB Finley (1937-1939); 7LT Devonport (1960-1969); 3ALV Melbourne (Parkville, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 687, 1922; 2COCP 421, 1941 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Finley, 1930-1935); radio dealer (1936-1949); farmer (Dandenong, 1954); radio technician (Devonport, 1972); retired (Parkville, 1977-1980)

===''TONKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Maxwell Tonkin|Tonkin, Arthur Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLL6-HT9] - 1915(WA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 6MZ Katanning (1935-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Salisbury, 1948); 5TI Clare (1975); 5MZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1525, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Katanning, WA, 1937) 
* [[/Stanley Gordon Tonkin|Tonkin, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DQ-2R1] - 1910(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 2SG Albury (1929-1931); 2SG Sydney (Double Bay, 1933; Waverley, 1933-1936; Lane Cove, 1937); 2SG Goonellabah (1938-1939); 2SG Sydney (Epping, 1946-1955); 5SG Adelaide (Hampstead Gardens, 1956; Manningham, 1969; Glenunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 520, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 57, 1931; 2COCP 391, 1940; 1COCP 493, 1941  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Woolwich, 1932); engineer (Edgecliff, 1933); mechanic (Waverley, 1934); radio engineer (Newtown, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936; Goonellabah, 1937; Eastwood, 1943); radio technician (West Epping, 1949-1954)

===''TORMEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Tormey|Tormey, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-85X] - 1902(NSW)-1993(ACT) - Licences: 2ET Canberra (City, 1930-1934; Ainslie, 1935-1939, 1946-1955); 1ET Canberra (Ainslie, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 687, 1930, No. ?? in ACT - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Braddon, 1928-1930; Ainslie, 1935); bus driver (Ainslie, 1937); car driver (Ainslie, 1943-1980)

===''TRAEGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Hermann Traeger|Traeger, Alfred Hermann or Herman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNJ-LRP] - 1895(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AX Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1926-1931; Corryton, 1933-1937; Marratville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 293, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; inventor (with 5BG) of the pedal wireless for the RFDS - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, 1930-1932); wireless engineer (Leabrook, SA, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/traeger-alfred-hermann-8839 ADB]

===''TRAYNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Byron Traynor|Traynor, Philip Byron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-LCT] - 1900(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 224, 1925, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 353, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mile End, 1939); federal public servant (Glandore, 1941); inspector (Torrens Park, 1943)

===''TREBILCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Trebilcock|Trebilcock, Eric William]] - 1911(???)-1989(SA) - BERS195 (1933+), amateur listener
===''TREDREA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Aloysius Trevithick Tredrea|Tredrea, Frederick Aloysius Trevithick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MC1W-M7C] - 1900(WA)-1958(WA) - Licences: 6FT Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1929-1931; South Perth, 1933); 6FT Northam (1937); 6FT Perth (South Perth, 1938-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 512, 1929, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 156, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, 1925); radio operator (Northam, 1936); broadcast engineer (South Perth, 1937-1958)

===''TREGEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. S. Tregear|Tregear, W. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 3TR Melbourne (Hawthorn 192x), 3TX Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, 3TR callsign withdrawn by PMGD to prevent confusion with 3TR Sale Class B station
===''TREHARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elgar Dennis Llewellyn Treharne|Treharne, Elgar Dennis Llewellyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-X9R] - 1914(NSW)-1997(SA) - 2AFQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Ross 2IQ/5??
* [[/Herbert Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Herbert Fredrind &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F8-6ZN] - 1883(NSW)-1968(SA) - 2BM Sydney, 5QT Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW, age 60), father of Ross 2IQ/5?? and Elgar 2AFQ/5??
* [[/Ross Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Ross Fredrind]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-DJD] - 1919(NSW)-1982(SA) - 2IQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP 1513, 1935, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Elgar 2AFQ/5??
===''TRELOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Treloar|Treloar, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMJ-379] - 1906(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6JT Perth (Beaconsfield, 1931-1933; Melville, 1937; Beaconsfield, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 790, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1931-1943); tally clerk (Bicton, WA, 1949-1980)

===''TRESSIDDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Laurence Tresidder|Tresidder, William Laurence or Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PT-SQ7] - 1904(WA)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3WT Bendigo (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Bendigo, 1927-1942); radio (Kangaroo Flat, 1949-1954); radio engineer (Bendigo, 1963-1980)
===''TREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Stanley Trew|Trew, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCB6-GW4] - 1902(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6RS Harvey (1933-1937); 6RS Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1938-1939); 6RP Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1189, 1933, WA; 2COCP 382, 1940; 1COCP 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant postal department (York, WA, 1925); postal assistant (York, WA, 1926); postal employee (Harvey, WA, 1931-1937); postal clerk (Leederville, WA, 1937-1943); PMG (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); radio monitor (Joondanna Heights, WA, 1954-1958)

===''TRIM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Trim|Trim, Sydney (Electoral Rolls) or Sidney (BDM)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL7D-NLM] - 1880(Vic)-1960(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 179; 2COCP 178, 1930; 1COCP 105, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1913; West Perth, WA, 1913-1914); &quot;radio station&quot; (Wyndham, WA, 1914-1917); farmer (Mosman, NSW, 1936-1937); engineer (Applecross, WA, 1937-1958)

===''TROTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Ford Trott|Trott, Clement Ford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGY-XPN] - 1907(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CS McLaren Vale (1928-1929); 5CF McLaren Vale (1930-1931); 5CF Willunga (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 454, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (McLaren Flat, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Rusel Troy|Troy, Thomas Rusel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKG-MKH] - 1898(NSW)-1992(NSW) - 2SH Receive West Maitland (1923), 2SH West Maitland (1924-1925), 2TY West Maitland (1926-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 208, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, postman (West Maitland, 1930-1949), postal officer (Maitland, 1954), postal clerk (Maitland, 1958)
===''TRUDGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Wallis Trudgen|Trudgen, Maxwell Wallis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3H-XYH] - 1907(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (East Adelaide, 1926); 5HS Adelaide (Fullarton, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 247, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mitcham, 1939-1941); mechanical engineer (Sydney, 1943-1954); engineer (Little Bay, 1958-1968)
===''TRUNFULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Leonard Trunfull|Trunfull, Richard Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBL-K7B] - 1906(Eng)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6RT South Greenough (1932-1933); 6RT Peel Estate (1937); 6RT Roebourne (1938-1939); 6RT Dangin (1947-1948); 6RT Nungarin (1954); 6RT Narembeen (1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 924, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (South Greenough, WA, 1931; Baldavis, WA, 1936; Dangin, WA, 1943-1949; Nungarin, WA, 1954; Narembeen, WA, 1958)

===''TUMBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Henry Tumbridge|Tumbridge, Stanley Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM12-M1C] - 1899(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4ST Ipswich (1932-1933); 4ST Stanthorpe (1937-1939); 4ST Broadwater, 1947-1948; 4ST Brisbane (Woody Point, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 986, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Woodend, Qld, 1921); teacher (Murgon, Qld, 1925); school teacher (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1936-1937; Broadwater, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Margate, Qld, 1949-1954; Woody Point, Qld, 1958-1963)

===''TURNBULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Edward Turnbull|Turnbull, Norman Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TP-7K8] - 1900(WA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 6NO Narrogin (1928); 6NO Perth (City, 1930; Subiaco, 1931; Shenton Park, 1937-1939); 3AXX Melbourne (Armadale, 1954; Carrum, 1955; Parkdale, 1956; Cheltenham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: c; AOCP 430, 1928, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1120, 1928; 1COCP 185, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Bunbury, 1922; Busselton, 1925; Narrogin, 1925; Subiaco, 1931); radio inspector (Subiaco, 1934-1936); civil servant (East Perth, 1937); engineer (Armadale, 1954); clerk (Sandringham, 1958); manager (Sandringham, 1963-1968; Cheltenham, 1972); retired (Cheltenham, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert William Turnbull|Turnbull, Robert William or Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1S-GP4]  - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2RO Sydney (Burwood, 1927-1938; Northbridge, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 317, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bricklayer (Homebush, 1930-1963)

===''TURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Reginald Turner|Turner, Edward Arthur Reginald &quot;Rex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT9-JD5] - 1910(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CW Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1925); 5SA Adelaide (Leabrook, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 272, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butter maker (Gawler, 1939-1943)
* [[/Haswell Elliott Alfred Turner|Turner, Haswell Elliott Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQG-8TG] - 1891(Vic)-1969(NSW) - 2TM Sydney (Mosman, 1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 127, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, military, likely related to XACW E. Turner, Jnr
* [[/Ralph Robinson Turner|Turner, Ralph Robinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2D-S51] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5TR Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1935-1937; Dulwich, 1938-1939; Linden Park, 1947-1969; Echunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1444, 1935, SA; BOCP 66, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dulwich, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Robert John Blackwell Turner|Turner, Robert John Blackwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L62T-FP7] - 1884(NSW)-1943(NSW) - 2RT Goulburn (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 55, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''TWEEDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/P. Tweedle|Tweedle, P.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DM Receive Brisbane (Albion, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''TYAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Robert Wilson Tyas|Tyas, Norman Robert Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHC-SK6] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4TY Gracemere (1932-1934); 4TY Kingaroy (1935-1939); 4TY Brisbane (Manly, 1946-1948); 4TY Boonah (1954); 4TY Wallangarra (1955-1956); 4TY Warwick (1960); Brisbane (Manly, 1965-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1059, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); state public servant (state school principal) - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Kingaroy, Qld, 1936-1943; Brookstead, Qld, 1949; Mt Alford, Qld, 1954); teacher (Wallangarra, Qld, 1958); school teacher (Warwick, Qld, 1963; Manly, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''TYMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Tymms|Tymms, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-R2D] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 84, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Geraldton, 1922; Como, 1925); not stated (Broome, 1937); wireless telegraphist (Townsville, 1954)

=='''U'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''UMBACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ricky Charles Umback|Umback, Ricky Charles]] - early wireless historian (Ph.D. Thesis, 2016, &quot;Constituting Australia's International Wireless Service: 1901-1922&quot;) [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/142647/1/Umback%20Thesis%202018.pdf]
===''UNDERWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Underwood|Underwood, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-1XZ] - 1875(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Newstead, Qld, 1913-1915; Clayfield, Qld, 1916-1943); no occupation (Albion, Qld, 1943; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949)

===''UNGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Unger|Unger, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-????(???) - 2YRS Alectown (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ????, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, son of Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger 2UJ
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger|Unger, Herbert Wilhelm Carl or Herbert William Carl]] - 1911(???)-2012(NSW, 101yo) - 2UJ Alectown (1933-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1108, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, father of A. H. Unger 2YRS

===''URQUHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Stewart Urquhart|Urquhart, Malcolm Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXT-5C3] - 1905(WA)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1925-1939); 6MU Merredin (1946-1960); 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 116, 1925, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 27, 1936; AOLCP 158, 1934; 2COCP 85, 1937; 1COCP 126, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clerk (1931); broadcast technician (6MD, 1958); WW2 (1939-1945) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Cottesloe, WA, 1931-1937); broadcast technician (Merredin, WA, 1943-1963)

=='''V'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''VALENTINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Keith Valentine|Valentine, Lionel Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZVK] - 1916(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7KV Hobart (Bellerive, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1148, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bellerive, Tas, 1937; Acton, ACT, 1949); public servant (Hobart West, Tas, 1958)
===''VAN COUTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Josephus Van Cooth|Van Cooth, John Robert Josephus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GN-6ZP] - 1908(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (St Kilda West, 1931)
===''VARDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Edwin Vardon|Vardon, Joseph Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV9V-VPR] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923-1924); 5OM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 329, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Malvern, 1941-1943)

===''VAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Vaughan (also known as Hearps, change of name), David Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-HG5] - 1901(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2FY Sydney (Lakemba, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 665, 1930, NSW (Hearps); AOCP 1003, 1932, NSW (Vaughan) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Lakemba, 1930-1937); machinist (Lakemba, 1943-1972)

===''VEALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Pax Veall|Veall, Reginald Pax]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-GR6] - 1918(Vic)-1942(NT) - Licences: 3PV Melbourne (St Kilda, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2050, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 274, 1939; 1COCP 375, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Merchant Navy, Wireless Officer, MV Neptuna) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [http://www.ntlexhibit.nt.gov.au/exhibits/show/bod/roh/veall]
===''VEARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elwyn Thomas Vears|Vears, Elwyn Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHS1-C67] - 1901(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2BM Leura (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Strathfield, 1930-1937; Burwood, 1943-1958)) 
===''VERNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Henry Vernon|Vernon, Charles Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88V-18Z] - 1901(WA)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6KZ Albany (1930-1931); 6KZ Perth (Fremantle, 1933-1939); 3AMD Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1947); 6KZ Perth (Guildford, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 566, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Forts, Albany, 1922-1931; Fremantle, 1936-1937; 9AAD, Guildford, 1949-1954); retired (Wagin, 1958; Morley, 1963)

===''VICKARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Mervyn Vickary|Vickary, Reginald Mervyn &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-CLP] - 1909(NSW)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RV Cunnamulla (1930-1933); 4RV Warwick (1936-1939); 4VX Brisbane (Gordon Park, 1965; The Grange, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 702, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Cunnamulla, 1931); radio dealer (Warwick, 1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); shopkeeper (Toowoomba, 1949; Ekibin, 1954; Chermside, 1963; Grange, 1968-1972)
===''VICKERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth James Vickery|Vickery, Kenneth James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQP-WMQ] - 1893(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Receive Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1923); 2RA Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Hurlstone Park, 1930-1933); electrician (West Ryde, 1935; Parkes, 1936; Uralla, 1943); farmer (North Richmond, 1949-1968)

===''VINCENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Vincent|Vincent, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-7S8] - 1906(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DL Receive Kalgoorlie (1923-1924); 6VK Kalgoorlie (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 59, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1931-1937); manufacturer (South Perth, WA, 1949-1963; Como, WA, 1972-1980)

===''VINING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Vining|Vining, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR1-NLT] - 1906(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4WE Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 277, 1926, No. 22 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carrier (Nundah, 1928-1931); motor driver (Mitchelton, 1934; Gaythorne, 1936); mechanic (Gayndah, 1943); telephone mechanic (Enoggera, 1949-1963); telephone technician (Enoggera, 1968-1977)

===''VIPAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alton Frederick Vipan|Vipan, Alton Frederick]] - 1890(NSW)-1946(NSW) - XHV Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), ship wireless operator, AWA (Koo-we-rup, 1922)

===''VOIGT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emil Robert Voigt|Voigt, Emil Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-VV2] - 1883(Eng)-1973(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - 2KY Sydney, broadcast station manager; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, NSW Labor wireless committee) - Relationships: father of Rion Osborne Voigt; grandfather of Robin Voigt - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Dee Why, 1930-1934); manager (Dee Why, 1935; Narrabeen, 1936)  - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/voigt-emil-robert-8930 ADB]; [[w:Emil_Voigt_(athlete)|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.radioheritage.com/story70/ RHF]
* [[/Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt|Voigt, Rion Osborne Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-L1V] - 1915(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - broadcast industry executive, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Narrabeen, 1937; Turramurra, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of Emil Robert Voigt; father of Robin Voigt
* [[/Robin Voigt|Voigt, Robin]] - historian (Emil Robert Voigt; 2KY) - Relationships: grandson of Emil Robert Voigt; son of Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt
===''VOLKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Henry Oxford Volkman|Volkman, Reginald Henry Oxford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4CV-7PH] - 1902(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2RY Grafton (1924-1925); 2RY Scone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Woollahra, 1930-1933)
===''VOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Taylor Vowles|Vowles, Rupert Taylor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYT-FLF] - 1894(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XIZ Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2AW Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2XZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 562, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Concord, 1930-1972)

=='''W'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''WADDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivon Edward Waddell|Waddell, Ivon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-H3S] - 1909(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WX Albany (1929-1930); 6WX Katanning (1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 561, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Katanning, 1936; South Perth, 1937)
===''WADDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. M. Waddle|Waddle, E. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4GZ Charters Towers (-1959+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''WADDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard William Mackie Waddy|Waddy, Richard William Mackie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB62-5RP] - 1848(SA)-1933(SA) - senior state public servant (SA Post &amp; Telegraphs Dept), senior federal public servant (Deputy Postmaster-General SA)
===''WADHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin Wadham|Wadham, Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZC-SBQ] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5KW Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Helmsdale, 1928; Da Costa Park, 1931; Glenelg, 1933; Adelaide, 1937; Glenelg, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 23, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WIA SA (Councillor 1931; Hon. Treasurer, 1931); National Radio Corp (manager, 1938); Holdfast Bay Yacht Club (Vice-commodore, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Helmsdale, SA, 1939-1941; Da Costa Park, SA, 1943)

===''WAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Fripp Wahl|Wahl, Alan Fripp]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMB-TD4] - 1918(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6JB Perth (Leederville, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Dianella, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2101, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Leederville, WA, 1943-1958); clerk (Dianella, WA, 1963-1980)

===''WALCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Crosby Walch|Walch, Alan Crosby or Crosby Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQC7-GSS] - 1907(NSW)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7BI Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923-1925); 7CW Hobart (Bellerive, 1926-1927; Battery Point, 1931-1933; City, 1937; Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 231, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1, 1936; 1AOCP 16, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Hobart South, 1936-1954)

===''WALDRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Gerard Waldron|Waldron, Francis Gerard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WALKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Walker|Walker, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFY-L2V] - 1898(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 699, 1922 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: newspaper carrier (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1934-1937); carrier (Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1972)
* [[/Charles Welsh Walker|Walker, Charles Welsh &quot;Chas&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFR-19W] - 1899(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4CU Receive Clifton (1923); 4CU Clifton (1924-1960); 4DQ Portable Clifton (1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 10, 1924, No. 2 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; motor mechanic; Walker's Radio Service (proprietor, 1930s-1950s) - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Clifton, Qld, 1921-1958)
* [[/Louis Edward Walker|Walker, Louis Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSWB-L81] - 1864(Eng)-1934(At Sea) - Oversight of the 1906 Bass Strait link for Marconi Wireless Telegraphy Co
* [[/Philip Billingsley Walker|Walker, Phillip Billingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MNF3-P9W] - 1840(Eng)-1900(NSW) - early wireless experimenter, employment (NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendent of Telegraphs, Chief Electrician)
* [[/Ronald Gregory Walker|Walker, Ronald Gregory &quot;Gregory&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRP-GC6] - 1907(NSW)-1929(At Sea) - Licences: 7BT Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; journalist (Hobart &quot;Mercury&quot;); film maker - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1928) - Links: [http://www.seafarersmemorial.org.au/memorials/walker_g.php Seafarer's Memorial]
* [[/William Spencer Walker|Walker, William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCF4-R77] - 1911(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5WW Adelaide (Alberton, 1934-1939; West Croydon, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1305, 1934, SA; BOCP 444, 1942; TVOCP 274, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939); mechanic (West Croydon, SA, 1941-1943)

===''WALLACE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] See Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;
===''WALLBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Walter Wallbridge|Wallbridge, Leslie Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDMT-HKZ] - 1910(Eng)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5UX Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1930-1937); 5UX Peterborough (1938-1939); 5UX Kadina (1947-1948); 5UX Cook (1954-1955); 5UX Saddleworth (1956); 5UX Hawker (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 712, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Peterborough, SA, 1939-1941; Rendelsham, SA, 1943; Alice Springs, NT, 1963)

===''WALLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Wallis|Wallis, John Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JW Longford (1932-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 893, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Burnie, 1928; Longford, 1936-1937)
* Wallace, Florence Violet (adoptive name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)

===''WALSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Dunbar Walsh|Walsh, Harold Dunbar &quot;Cordite&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W3-CT7] - 1903(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4HW Brisbane (Hamilton, 1925-1931; Rocklea, 1946-1947)); 4WN Brisbane (Hamilton, 1927, dealer) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 133, 1925, No 14 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF); solicitor; pilot - Comment: Tragic end to a productive life - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1925-1937); airline pilot (Moorooka, 1949)

===''WALTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Allan Walters|Walters, Charles Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-LBY] - 1910(Vic)-1947(Vic) - Licences: 3CW Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1933; Heidelburg, 1937-1939; Brunswick, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 524, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1931-1936; Heidelberg, 1937; Brunswick, 1942)
* [[/Gerald Wills Walters|Walters, Gerald (Wills or Willis or blank)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7Y-1HZ] - 1886(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 108, 1915; 2COCP 157, 1930; 1COCP 129, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Currie, King Island, Tas, 1919; Darwin, NT, 1922); radio telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1928); wireless officer (Radio Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1936-1937); wireless (Gladesville, NSW, 1943); wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''WALZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edwyn Walz|Walz, Arthur Edwyn or Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM9T-LB3] - 1908(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4AW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939; Wavell Heights, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 287, 1926, No. 26 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; plumber; radio repair business - Relationships: son of Conrad August Walz - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Nundah, 1934-1943); radio engineer (Wavell Heights, 1949-1980) 
* [[/Conrad August Walz|Walz, Conrad August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRGZ-QF3] - 1882(Qld)-1951(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), plumber, farmer, father of 4AW Arthur Edwyn Walz

===''WARDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney William Lumley Wardle|Wardle, Sidney William Lumley]] - 1911(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 2OU Woodford Leigh (1930-1935); 2OU Armidale (1936-1937); 2OU Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939); 5OU Adelaide (Lockleys, 1946-1954); 2DID Berridale (1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 610, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Woodford Leigh, 1934-1935); technician (Bondi North, 1937; Woollahra, 1943); retired (Berridale, 1980)
===''WARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Clarke Waring|Waring, Cecil Clarke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQW4-V9F] - 1904(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3CU Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1924); 3YW Melbourne (Camberwell, 1929-1931; Canterbury, 1933; Kew, 1937); 3YW Rupanyup (1938-1939); 3YW Stawell (1946-1948); 3YW Warrnambool (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 549, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Canterbury, 1925-1928; Kew, 1931-1937; Stawell, 1942-1949; Warrnambool, 1954-1977)
===''WARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Leslie George Warne|Warne, Maurice Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSP-LHY] - 1909(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2MW Sydney (Croydon, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 300, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Campsie, 1931-1934); radio mechanic (Campsie, 1936-1937); radio sales (Kogarah, 1943-1963); radio &amp; TV technician (Arncliffe, 1968)
===''WARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Albert Warner|Warner, Geoffrey Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-6NR] - 1914(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2CK Wyong (1930-1939); 3ABW Fiskville (1947); 9GW Port Moresby (1948-1954); 2AVW Bringelly (1955-1958); 2CK Bringelly (1960-1969); 6EG Bassendean (1975); 2HJ Camden (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 710, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 60, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless technician (Rockbank, Vic, 1942); technician (OTC Bringelly, 1958-1963); manager (Bassendean, 1977; Camden South, 1980) - callsign may have been withdrawn for 2CK Cessnock commercial (later restored)
===''WARNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Bernard Warnock|Warnock, Neil Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ8-58G] - 1944(Vic)-2019(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WATERHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. G. Waterhouse|Waterhouse, A. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XVV Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WATERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George James Waters|Waters, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X9-S46] - 1902(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3EX Receive Melbourne (Heathcote, 1922); 3XA Melbourne (East Prahran, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 608, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as yet - Comment: Passed too soon
* [[/James Alfred Waters|Waters, James Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JA Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1685, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Queensborough, 1936); teacher (Ringarooma, 1937); schoolteacher (Queensborough, 1943-1954)
* [[/Leslie Waters|Waters, Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85N-TZB] - 1882(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Innisfail (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Randell Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Innisfail, 1919-1943); radio dealer (Innisfail, 1949)

===''WATERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lindsay Carmel Waterworth|Waterworth, Lindsay Carmel &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YY-6M6] - 1892(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Rockhampton (1935-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1526, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Charleville, Qld, 1921); telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1968)

===''WATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Paul Watkins|Watkins, Andrew Paul]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6AW Perth (1936-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1805, 1936, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster
* [[/William Trevor Watkins|Watkins, William Trevor &quot;Trevor&quot;, &quot;Watty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKG-J4V] - 1899(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: T336 Hobart (1920-1921); 7AA Hobart (1922-1925); 7DX Hobart (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 107, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: PMGD withdrew 7AA callsign for their own use, electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1922), wireless expert (Medhurst &amp; Sons, Hobart, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (West Hobart, 1922-1928) - Comment: passed too soon

===''WATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. A. Watson|Watson, A. A.]] - bef1910(???)-aft1930(???) - Licences: 2UT Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 341, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: None as yet - Full name not yet identified
* [[/Douglas Mervyn Watson|Watson, Douglas Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MG-FPY] - 1920(Tas)-1989(Tas) - Licences: 7DW Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939; City, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1867, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Hobart South, 1949-1954); mechanic (Lindisfarne, 1972)
* [[/Herbert Leopold Watson|Watson, Herbert Leopold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZP-JLK] - 1897(Vic)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Kiama (1929-1933); 2OL Unanderra (1935-1938); 2OL Woollongong (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 545, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Kiama, 1930); electrical engineer (Unanderra, 1934-1937; Heidelberg, Vic, 1949); electrician (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1954); retired (Avalon Beach, 1968-1972; Mona Vale, 1977; Mosman, 1980) 
* [[/James David Watson|Watson, James David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F5-789] - 1910(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3NQ Darlington via Camperdown (1930-1939); 2ANQ Albury (1946-1957) - Qualifications: AOCP 633, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Darlington, 1931-1943); radio technician (Albury, 1949-1954) - Comment: Beware another JDW, labourer, Geelong, 1930s 
* [[/John Watson|Watson, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CR Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 436, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil, as yet, specific individual not yet identified
* [[/Samuel Wilfred Watson|Watson, Samuel Wilfred or Wilfred Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-LXP] - 1906(Eng)-1998(WA) - Licences: 6WW Perth (West Perth, 1930-1939, 1948-1969); 6WW Shoalwater Bay (1975); 6WW Cardup (1980) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 189, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (West Perth, WA, 1931-1972); retired (Shoalwater Bay, WA, 1977; Cardup, WA, 1980)
* [[/William Wesley Watson|Watson, William Wesley]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart South, 1949)

===''WATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Watt|Watt, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-4B7] - 1901(Sct)-1985(Tas) - Licences: 7BO Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923); Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prince of Wales Bay, 1922-1928); accountant (New Town, 1936-1949; Moonah, 1954)
* [[/Arthur William Watt|Watt, Arthur William]] -  19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly)
* [[/Charles Russell Watt|Watt, Charles Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-JFH] - 1904(Eng)-1993(NSW) - 2WT Tenterfield (1925-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 184, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, grazier (Tenterfield, 1930-1980)
===''WAUCHOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Wylie Wauchope|Wauchope, Ronald Wylie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH6X-QJR] - 1914(SA)-1933(SA)19yo - Licences: 5WE Adelaide (Maylands, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1086, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, 19yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WEATHERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Elsdon Weatherley|Weatherley, Harry William Elsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBF-1HC] - 1921(Vic)-2006(Vic) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, New Zealand DX Radio Association, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia - Chief Editor, Ontario DX Club), ANARC DXer of the year - metallurgist (Auburn, 1949-1954); technician (Mount Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Mount Waverley, 1980)
* [[/Herb J. Weatherley|Weatherley, Herb J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4HW Clifton (-1951+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), callsign formerly Harold Dunbar Walsh
===''WEATHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Weatherson|Weatherson, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WEATHERSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stewart Weatherston|Weatherston, William Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LZ-2KF] - 1905(WA)-1942(Sing) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1927); salesman (St Kilda, 1931; Forrest, ACT, 1935; Newtown, 1943!) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''WEBSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Charles Webster|Webster, Harold Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCRM-31P] - 1876(Tas)-1923(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Launceston, 1914); clerk (Hobart North, 1922)
* [[/William Webster|Webster, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJD-D94] - 1860(Eng)-1936(NSW) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1915-1920), played prominent part in the Postal Royal Commission

===''WEDDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Austin Weddell|Weddell, James Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK9-SYF] - 1914(SA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5ZL Adelaide (Reade Park, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1595, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Col Light Gardens, SA, 1939-1943); RAAF (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Auburn, Vic, 1954); RAAF officer (Richmond, NSW, 1958); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1963); not stated (Red Hill, ACT, 1968-1972); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Arthur Weddell|Weddell, John Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKM-KVK] - 1926(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FT Brisbane (Zillmere, 1954-1960); 2ZM Glenbrook (1961); 4FT Brisbane (Sandgate North, 1965-1969); 2BFT Sydney (Clovelly, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3172, 1951, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1949; Zillmere, Qld, 1954-1958; Sandgate, Qld, 1963-1968); technician (Marrickville, NSW,  1972; Clovelly, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''WEDGEWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Donald Wedgewood|Wedgewood, William Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLV-GM8] - 1901(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: N741 Receive NSW - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 692, 1922; 2COCP 49, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: boarder (Sutton Coalfield, Eng, 1911); manufacturer (Glenmore, 1930-1936); aviator (Nedlands, WA, 1937); farmer (Moruya, 1949-1954); greenkeeper (Brisbane, 1958); public servant (Hornsby, 1963-1972)

===''WEEKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. L. Weeks|Weeks, H. L.]] - 19??-19?? - Licences: 4CJ Receive Currumbin (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: - Identification: Not yet identified

===''WEISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred George Weiss|Weiss, Wilfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-7NP] - 1912(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2TV Sydney (Croydon Park, 1960-1961; Strathfield, 1965); 2TV Ettalong Beach (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 670, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lithgow, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Lithgow, 1943); silk screen craftsman (Croydon Park, 1949-1958); retired (Strathfield, 1963-1968; Ettalong Beach, 1972; Ettalong, 1977)

===''WELLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Arthur Martin Weller|Weller, Cyril Arthur Martin &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-WXH] - 1903(???)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2160, 1938, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, Radio Club (WIAQ, Brisbane DX Club), power station engineer, education (ME, UQ) - Electoral Rolls: student (Windsor, 1925); engineer (Wilston, 1925-1928; Camp Hill, 1934-1943; Clayfield, 1949-1972; Albion, 1977)
===''WELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Welling|Welling, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLHB-KQZ] - 1898(Eng)-1960(SA) - Licences: 5TW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1937); 5TW Mt Gambier (1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 179, 1930; 1COCP 81, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941); wireless technician (Mt Gambier, SA, 1943)

===''WELLINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hudson Wellington|Wellington, Stanley Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB84-47Y] - 1909(Tas)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7PK Hobart (New Town, 1932-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1002, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 117, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: representative (Caulfield, 1936); chemist (Brighton, Vic, 1937-1942); manager (Mosman, 1949-1980)

===''WELLMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Joseph Wellman|Wellman, Leo Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1SW-R9S] - 1898(NSW)-1965(NSW) - 2PS Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923), 2LW Sydney (Marrickville, 1925-1928), amateur operator (AOCP 117, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WELSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud William Welsh|Welsh, Claude or Claud  William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPH-WS4] - 1914(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4CW Warwick (1937-1939); 4DK Mackay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1982, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, Qld, 1937-1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1943); radio technician (Warwick, Qld, 1958; Mackay, Qld, 1958); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1963); radio technician (Mackay, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''WERRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Errol Limbrick Werrett|Werrett, Errol Limbrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-FMH] - 1908(Tas)-1974(Eng) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hampshire (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm worker (Hampshire, 1936-1937); fitter (South Melbourne, 1943); engineer (Caulfield, 1949-1968; Balaclava, 1972)

===''WESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Frederick Shorter Weston|Weston, Cyril Frederick Shorter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVJ-FXY] - 1905(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4EN Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kedron, 1928); Christian worker (Darlinghurst, 1934); grocer (Oatley, 1943); agriculturalist (Ourimbah, 1949); salesman (Paekhurst, 1963-1980); retired (Charmhaven, 1980)
* [[/George James Weston|Weston, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ3-Y8Q] - 1868(Eng)-1939(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 702, 1922 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant) - Comment: Several contemporaneous GJWs - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Albany, 1903); civil servant (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1910-1912); civil servant (Wireless Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1913); sailor (Toorak, 1919); naval officer (Elsternwick, 1919); civil servant (Auburn, Vic, 1922); wireless engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1924-1927); retired engineer (Upwey, 1931-1937)
* [[/Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston|Weston, Robert Marcus Hamilton &quot;Mark&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-KW6] - 1915(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4XO Bundaberg (1938-1939); 2WE Sydney (Lidcombe, 1946-1947); 2AWE Sydney (Kingsford, 1955; Kensington, 1956-1957); 2AYK Sydney (Kensington, 1957; Kingsford, 1958-1961); 2CM Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2076, 1938, Qld; 2COCP 386, 1940; 1COCP 581, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; wireless officer (QANTAS) - Relationships: husband of 2MR Verle Lorraine Weston nee Key(s) - Electoral Rolls: marine wireless operator (Auchenflower, Qld, 1943); radio operator (Blakehurst, NSW, 1949; Kingsford, NSW, 1954-1963; Sans Souci, NSW, 1968-1980)
* [[/Verle Lorraine Keys|Weston nee Key(s), Verle Lorraine]] - 1934(???)-1985(NSW) - 2MR Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980), YL amateur operator (AOCP ???, 1964, No. ?? in Qld), wife of Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston 2CM
* [[/William Wood Weston|Weston or Wehrstedt, William Wood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPG-KBQ] - 1912(WA)-1953(WA) - Licences: 6MW Perth (Nedlands, 1935-1939; North Beach, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1465, 1935, WA; BOCP 596, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Further clarification of identification required - Electoral Rolls: assistant operator (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); operator (Leederville, WA, 1943-1954; North Perth, WA, 1958-1968; Leederville, WA, 1972-1977)

===''WHALLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Percy Whalley|Whalley, Rupert Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGZ-CV3] - 1894(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JZ Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922); 3JZ Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1927); 3JZ Myrtleford (1937-1939); 3JZ Wangaratta (1946-1948); 3JZ Melbourne (Blackburn, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 238, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: builder (Sandringham, 1919-1925); farmer (Myrtleford, 1927-1942); tobacco grower (Wangaratta, 1949); foreman (Blackburn, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 3ZWZ Robert Kelvin Whalley

===''WHEELER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Winslow Wheeler|Wheeler, Harry Winslow]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBC-BYC] - 1910(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5FB Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1927-1928); 5HW Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 371, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF, DFC) - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Eden Hills, SA, 1939-1943); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1968) 
* [[/Victor George Wheeler|Wheeler, Victor George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4Z-FGL] - 1897(Eng)-1976(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; coastal wireless operator; WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electric mechanic (Roebourne, 1917-1922); manager (Fremantle, 1925)

===''WHITAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Thomas Whitaker|Whitaker, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKKW-5DB] - 1895(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2OI Receive Sydney (Banksia, 1923); 2OI Sydney (Banksia, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockdale, 1930; Banksia, 1933-1934); builder (Banksia, 1937-1949); instructor (Mount Colah, 1954-1958)
===''WHITBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Roy Whitburn|Whitburn, Douglas Roy &quot;Doug&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-3JX] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5BY Adelaide (Toorak, 1927-1931; Fullarton, 1933-1939; Rosefield, 1946-1947; Fullarton, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 312, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosefield, 1943)
* [[/Robert Philip Whitburn|Whitburn, Robert Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBF-5XB] - 1896(NSW)-1991(NSW)94yo - Licences: XACJ Sydney (Leichhardt, 1913-1914); 2DK Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922); 2DK Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chairmaker (Leichhardt, 1930-1968); retired (West Ryde, 1972-1980)
===''WHITE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Matthews White|White, Alfred Matthews]] - 1894(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Receive Winton (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tranby, Winton, 1915-1958); retired (Buderim, Qld, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles Robert White|White, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-S5H] - 1911(SA)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 5MX Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 802, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edwin Harold White|White, Edwin Harold &quot;Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-QGH] - 1911(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1933-1939); 4EW Mackay (1946-1950); 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1954-1956); 5OW &amp; 8OW Darwin (1956-1963); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1963-1965); 4OW Mt Isa (1969); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1141, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 250, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, Fortress Signals); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Red Hill, 1934-1936); radio technician (Longreach, 1937); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1943; Mackay, 1949); communications officer (Archerfield, 1954); public servant (Red Hill, 1963; Mt Isa, 1968; Red Hill, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank Philip White|White, Frank Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSJ-9NF] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 189, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank Roy White|White, Frank Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4P-LVT] - 1911(NSW)-1994(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 5, 1934; 1COCP 12, 1934 - beam wireless operator (AWA); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Ryde, 1933-1935); telegraphist (Roseville, 1936-1937; Ryde, 1943-1968)

===''WHITELAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Roy Whitelaw|Whitelaw, Charles Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99WD-7NY] - 1891(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: XMO Melbourne (Rosedale, 1913-1914); 3BH Melbourne (Mooroolbark, 1923-1925); 3BH Stawell (1925); 3BH Benalla (1925-1927); 3BH Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931); 3BH Woomelang (1933); 3BH Melbourne (Mornington 1937-1939); 3BH (Harrisfield, 1946-1947; Dandenong, 1948; Noble Park, 1954-1955; Boronia, 1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 87, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; fire brigade and railway stationmaster; WW1 (AFC, Wireless Operator, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Creswick, 1914); assistant stationmaster (Ravenswood, 1919); stationmaster (Mooroolbark, 1922-1924); railway employee (Timboon, 1925); stationmaster (Benalla, 1925-1927; Mitcham, 1931; Euroa, 1942; Harrisfield, 1949-1954)
===''WHITING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Ambrose Whiting|Whiting, Reginald Ambrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR6-XDQ] - 1911(SA)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Torrensville, 1932-1933); 3MZ Melbourne (East Preston, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 988, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (South Yarra, Vic, 1934; Essendon, Vic, 1937); fitter &amp; turner (Preston, Vic, 1942-1968); fitter (Preston, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''WHITLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gough Whitlam|Whitlam, Edward Gough &quot;Gough&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VH-8BJ] - 1916(Vic)-2014(NSW) - Prime Minister (1972-1975), WW2 (RAAF, Flight Lieutenant, navigator &amp; bomb aimer, 1942-1945) - Electoral Rolls: student (Glebe, 1943); barrister (Cronulla, 1949; Cabramatta, 1958-1963; Red Hill, 1977; Double Bay, 1980) - executive oversight of the introduction of community radio in Australia - Links: [[w:Gough Whitlam|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Lewis Alfred John Whitlam|Whitlam, Lewis Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYY1-BBB] - 1904(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer's assistant (Brisbane City, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1943-1968); engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. Wicks|Wicks, C.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQK Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WILDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril George Wildman|Wildman, Cyril George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMG3-GNP] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1931; Moreland, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; East Brunswick, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 624, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 422, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Melbourne, 1927; Fitzroy North, 1931; Coburg, 1934-1942); electrical engineer (Brunswick East, 1977-1980)

===''WILKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Winstanley Wilkin|Wilkin, John Winstanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LX-1P7] - 1891(NZ)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5JW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1928; Osmond, 1931; Glen Osmond, 1933; North Walkerville, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; likely qualified in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Toorak, SA, 1939-1943)

===''WILKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wilkins|Wilkins, Arthur]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AW Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1927; East St Kilda, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 375, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous Arthur Wilkins, specific to be identified

===''WILKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Angus Wilkinson|Wilkinson, Dudley Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR41-Q53] - 1919(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5WD Adelaide (Frewville, 1935-1939; College Park, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1455, 1935, SA; BOCP 182, 1938; 1COCP 284, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hawthorn, SA, 1941; Ballarat, Vic, 1942)

===''WILLIAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Williams|Williams, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1930-1931); 5BO Adelaide (Ottaway, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 659, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AEWs in SA
* [[/Alex Elisha Williams|Williams, Alex Elisha]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JC-RN9] - 1913(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3KT Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1062, 1932, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Elsternwick, 1936-1937; Camberwell, 1943-1949; Highfield Park, 1954); school teacher (Frankston, 1967-1968); teacher (Frankston, 1972-1980)
* [[/Alfred Keith Williams|Williams, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-3SS] - 1905(WA)-1932(WA) - Licences: 6AW Collie (1929-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 502, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture S. operator (Collie, 1930) 
* [[/Ernest Arthur Williams|Williams, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKNS-QYG] - 1888(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2QY Receive Wollongong (1923); 2QY Wollongong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Wollongong, 1913, 1930-1958); retired (Wollongong, 1968)
* [[/Harold Parkyn Williams|Williams, Harold Parkyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7CW-DGX] - 1881(Qld)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - first general manager of ABC - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/williams-harold-parkyn-9112 ADB]
* [[/J. E. Williams|Williams, J. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DQ Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: many contemporaneous JEWs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Henry Williams|Williams, John Henry Jnr &quot;Johnny&quot; &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP3D-8NG] - 1880(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Mackay (1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 507, 1929, No ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: iron monger? (Mackay, 1925-1943) - established commercial broadcaster 4MK Mackay 1931
* [[/Leslie Samuel Barnes Williams|Williams, Leslie Samuel Barnes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-X56] - 1896(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4LS Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1930-1933); 4LS Toogoolawah (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 630, 1930, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: naval signalman (Cape Moreton, 1917-1922); saddler (Indooroopilly, 1925-1931); boot repairer (Toogoolawah, 1934-1958); retired (Taringa, 1963-1972) 
* [[/Neville Williams|Williams, Neville]] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199701.pdf EA]

===''WILLIAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Joseph Augustine Williamson|Williamson, Cecil Joseph Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K879-9HC] - 1925(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2CW Yass (1929-1931); 2ALS Yass (1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 525, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Yass, 1930-1949); farmer (Trundle, 1949); mechanic (Orange, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frederick Lerpiniere Williamson|Williamson, Frederick Lerpiniere]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6L-GCH] - 1896(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5AH Receive Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922); 5AH Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922-1927; Collinswood, 1928, 1948-1955); also dealer licence 5BT Adelaide 1925-1926 for Kauper, Austin &amp; Williamson - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 22, 1924, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 284, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Hubert Gordon Williamson|Williamson, Hubert Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7J-YQP] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3GW Rainbow (1927-1939, 1946-1960), 3GW Lalor (1965-1969), 3GW Melbourne (East Doncaster, 1975-1980), 3GH Rainbow (1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 342, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), (1COCP 593, 1942), amateur broadcaster
* Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian - See Marjorie Lilian Hutchings
===''WILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Oliver Willis|Willis, Harold Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-NLZ] - 1898(Vic)-1976(WA) - Licences: 6OW Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1931); 6AM Perth (South Fremantle, 1933); 6HW Perth (South Fremantle, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 675, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: baker (South Fremantle, 1925-1968)

===''WILLMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert Willmott|Willmott or Wilmot, Thomas Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD6-TB4] - 1886(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Receive South Grafton (1922); 2ZO South Grafton (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 48, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Grafton South, 1930-1943)
===''WILLOUGHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lancelot Willoughby|Willoughby, Eric Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR88-Q5X] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BM Adelaide (Penrhyn, 1932-1939); 5GO Adelaide (Unley, 1948); 3FB Noojee (1954-1956); 3FB Neerim Junction (1960); 4EW Booval (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1035, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Penrhyn, SA, 1939-1943); farmer (Noojee, Vic, 1949-1954); PMG Linesman (Booval, Qld, 1963-1968); PMG (Booval, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WILSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Wilson|Wilson, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DL Receive Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Darius Joseph Wilson|Wilson, Darius Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZR-GJ4] - 1901(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DW Sydney (Leichhardt, 1929-1931; Lidcombe, 1933; Five Dock, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Warwick Farm, 1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 548, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: french polisher (Leichhardt, 1930; Five Dock, 1943-1949); no occupation (Five Dock, 1954); french polisher (Yagoona, 1954-1968); polisher (Yagoona, 1972-1977)
* [[/Horace Benjamin Wilson|Wilson, Horace Benjamin &quot;Ben&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-71R] - 1911(WA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5WB Adelaide (Wayville, 1930-1937; Unley Park, 1938-1939); 2BP Sydney (McMahons Point, 1946-1948; West Ryde, 1950-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 586, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 161, 1934; 2COCP 33, 1935; 1COCP 72, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Unley Park, 1939); recording engineer (McMahons Point, 1949); business manager (West Ryde, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Gratton Wilson|Wilson, Leonard Gratton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQN8-3K6] - 1901(NSW)-1990(WA) - Licences: 6LG Perth (Inglewood, 1928; South Perth, 1930-1931; Como, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 429, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: vigneron (Caversham, 1925); police constable (South Perth, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); constable (Albany, 1943-1949); police constable (Como, 1954-1958)
* [[/Leslie Maclean Wilson|Wilson, Leslie Maclean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRH5-9TL] - 1893(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2LM  Marsden (1924-1926), 2LM Sydney (Cremorne, 1927), 2LM Mudgee (1928-1939), 2LM Port Macquarie (1960-1969+), amateur operator (AOCP 33, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, pastoralist
* [[/Perry Allen Wilson|Wilson, Perry Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AT Receive Eumundi (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motordriver (Eumundi, Qld, 1925-1934); garage proprietor (Eumundi, Qld, 1936-1943)
* [[/Victor John Wilson|Wilson, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-NPY] - 1909(Qld)-2009(Qld)99yo - Licences: Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923); 4VW Brisbane (Newstead, 1937-1939); 4VW Nambour (1960); 4VW Brisbane (Everton Park, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1100, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Newstead, Qld, 1931-1937; Nambour, Qld, 1958; Everton Park, Qld, 1963-1980) 
* [[/Warne Alfred George Wilson|Wilson, Warne Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKLN-Y39] - 1900(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3RY Receive Ballarat (1923); 3RY Ballarat (1924-1925); 3WA Ballarat (1928-1939, 1946-1960); 3KV Ballarat (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 444, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 20, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1924); radio engineer (Ballarat, 1927-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Elvyn Wilson|Wilson, Wilfred Elvyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-MB4] - 1880(Eng)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JI Receive Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1923); 2JI Sydney (Roseville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Roseville, 1930-1963)

===''WING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James John Wing|Wing, William James John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDHH-WKW] - 1887(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 188, 1916; 2COCP 142, 1930; 1COCP 212, 1931 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (CPO, 1917-1918); AWA - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hotel Metropole, Thursday Island, Qld, 1914); wireless engineer operator (Radio Station, Applecross, WA, 1917); radiotelegraphist (Cooktown, 1921); business manager (Epping, 1930); sales manager (Epping, 1933-1936; Roseville, 1937; Chatswood, 1943-1949); manager (Melbourne, 1954)
===''WINTERFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton Winterford|Winterford, Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3ML-FJH] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Canada?) - Licences: 4MF Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1931); 4MF Southport (1933); 4MF Sarina (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 363, 1927, No. 40 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Annerley, 1931); mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); electrician (Sarina, 1943); electrical contractor (Broadbeach, 1949)

===''WISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Wise|Wise, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDS-D87] - 1853(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - politician (Postmaster-General, 1920-1921) - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Sale, 1905-1949) - Links: [[w:George Wise (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
===''WISEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Cleave Wiseman|Wiseman, William James Cleave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2M-ZP8] - 1906(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5WJ Port Lincoln (1931-1939); 5WJ Ceduna (1947-1948); 5WJ Adelaide (Parafield, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 759, 1931, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 485, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Port Lincoln, SA, 1939-1941); aeradio operator (Ceduna, SA, 1943)

===''WISHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Turner Wishart|Wishart, William Turner &quot;Bill, Billy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ3-J9S] - 1900(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4WT Brisbane (Graceville, 1931-1939); 6TW Perth (Claremont/Floreat Park, 1946-1948); 4WX Brisbane (St Lucia, 1965-1969; Margate 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 870, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, federal councillor) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Red Hill, Qld, 1921); optical mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1925; Graceville, Qld, 1928-1937); audiometrist (Floreat Park, WA, 1949; Darlington, WA, 1949); retired (Wynnum North, Qld, 1972; Margate, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''WITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Herbert Witt|Witt, Sidney Herbert &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-BDV] - 1892(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3MZ Receive Melbourne (Camberwell, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1914-1916); electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1922); engineer (Brighton, 1925-1943; Glen Iris, 1958-1968; Burwood, 1972)) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/witt-sidney-herbert-12059 ADB]

===''WOLFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hamilton Bennett Wolfe|Wolfe, Hamilton Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H2-8K6] - 1886(Vic)-1956(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 193, 1916; 2COCP 242, 1930; 1COCP 213, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bairnsdale, Vic, 1908-1912); wireless telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925-1926); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1936-1949); retired (Nedlands, WA, 1954)

===''WOLFENDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Wolfenden|Wolfenden, Peter]] - 3ZPA Strathmore (1965) - amateur operator, historian (amateur, amateur broadcasting), journalist (WIA's &quot;Amateur Radio&quot;)

===''WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Wood|Wood, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M8-2V1] - 1909(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RQ Ipswich (1927-1931); 4PW Ipswich (1933-1939); 2EPW Banora Point - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 359, 1927, No. 39 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN, AR); engineer (IREE) - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Ipswich, 1931); radio dealer (Ipswich, 1937-1949; East Ipswich, 1954-1968); electrical dealer (Banora Point, 1977-1980)
===''WOODLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Woodley|Woodley, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-CYY] - 1909(???)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6BY Perth (West Leederville, 1930-1931); 6DJ Perth (Carlisle, 1946-1948; Victoria Park, 1954-1956; Maniana, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 680, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Claremont, 1936-1937); mechanic (Victoria Park, 1943); radio mechanic (Carlisle, 1949; Victoria Park, 1954; Maniana, 1963-1980) - Callsign possibly withdrawn for commercial

===''WOOKEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Bruce Wookey|Wookey, Robert Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DP1-GVW] - 1907(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Receive Geelong (1923-1924), 3RW Geelong (1925-1927), 3IC Geelong (1948-1974), amateur operator (AOCP 146, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk

===''WOOLACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Prosser Woolacott|Woolacott, Francis Prosser &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFL-94T] - 1903(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2ST Receive Sydney (Drummoyne, 1923-1924), 2FW Sydney (Drummoyne, 1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 119, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WOOLLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edgar Woollett|Woollett, David Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-HDP] - 1920(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2ZDE Sydney (Beverley Hills, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 202, 1956; AOCP 4292, 1965, NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone technician (Beverley Hills, 1949-1972; Narwee, 1977-1980)
* [[/N. Woollett|Woollett, N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Mosman, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 276, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ?
===''WOOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Ronald Woolley|Woolley, Leon Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L214-JQH] - 1898(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4FW Ipswich (1931); 4FW Townsville (1933); 4FW Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 751, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, ATC); employment (school teacher) - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Bell, Qld, 1919-1921; Newtown, Qld, 1925; Kia Ora, Townsville, 1931; Newtown, Qld 1934-1963)

===''WOOLNOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Stephen Woolnough|Woolnough, Archibald Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CG-9PK] - 1909(Vic)-2004(Vic) - Licences: 3BW Portarlington (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 519, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: business proprietor (Portarlington, 1931-1980) 
* [[/Walter Lyell Woolnough|Woolnough, Walter Lyell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CJF-LS3] - 1906(NSW)-1999(NSW) - 2GW Sydney (Killara, 1925-1927; Gordon, 1928-1930; Greenwich, 1931; Gordon, 1933-1936), 2GW Lithgow (1937-1939), Sydney (Gordon, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 153, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, licence held by father Walter George Woolnough till 1933, engineer

===''WOOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Meredith Wooster|Wooster, Horace Meredith &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Q-CGW] - 1909(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4VH Townsville (City, 1930-1939; Belgian Gardens, 1946-1948); 4VH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 623, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (Qld Railways, telegraphist; Qld Main Roads Dept); military (Army signals officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1931-1932; Norman Park, 1937; Townsville, 1943-1949; Yeronga, 1954-1980)

===''WORRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Albert Worrall|Worrall, Leonard Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTL5-L1L] - 1912(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 2XM Sydney (Parramatta, 1933-1934; Punchbowl, 1935-1936); 4XM Cairns (1937-1939); 4WL Brisbane (Stafford Heights, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1221, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Punchbowl, NSW, 1934-1936; Cairns, Qld, 1937); bank clerk (Wynnum, Qld, 1943); clerk (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954-1963); bank manager (Tarragindi, Qld, 1968); manager (Stafford Heights, Qld, 1972-1977)
===''WORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Worth|Worth, Sydney or Sidney Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBH-5Z3] - 1905(WA)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6SW Perth (Rivervale, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 958, 1927; 2COCP 223, 1930; 1COCP 226, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rivervale, WA, 1931); wireless operator (Nedlands, WA, 1936-1958)

===''WRAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward James Crawford Wraith|Wraith, Edward James Crawford &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KV2C-11D] - 1862(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Early wireless experimenter

===''WRATTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn James Wratten|Wratten, Mervyn James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-DV8] - 1918(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4MW Ipswich (Brassall, 1937-1939; North Ipswich, 1946-1947; Brassall, 1948-1980+); 4LX Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1956-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1932, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Ipswich ARC); military (WW2, CMF, AIF); employment (Cribb &amp; Foote, manager, radio section); business proprietor (Avon Theatre) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Brassall, Qld, 1943-1977; North Ipswich, Qld, 1980)

===''WRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Milroy Percy Wray|Wray, Ronald Milroy Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-QYM] - 1909(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2WX Sydney (Hurstville, 1929-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 472, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified
===''WREFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roger Norman Wreford|Wreford, Roger Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-N2X] - 1909(WA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 2ADC Broken Hill (1936-1937); 5RW Adelaide (Blackwood, 1938-1939; Mitcham, 1947-1954; South Brighton, 1955-1960; Crafers, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1714, 1936, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5DW-6IW Arthur Franklin Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Broken Hill, NSW, 1935-1936; Blackwood, SA, 1939; Mitcham, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Arthur Franklin Wreford|Wreford, Arthur Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3V1-92S] - 1898(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5DW Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1937-1939; Cumberland, 1947-1954); 6IW Perth (Armadale, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2037, 1937, SA; 2COCP 452, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Brother of 2ADC-5RW Roger Norman Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Kensington Gardens, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941; Cumberland, SA, 1943); civil servant (Gosnells, WA, 1954); technician (Armadale, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au/browse/person/133040 NAA]

===''WRIEDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Sjoberg Albert Wriede|Wriede, George Sjoberg Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKG2-VK8] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4DJ Receive Caboolture (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Cooroy, 1921; Miriam Vale, 1925-1958); retired (Gladstone, 1963)
===''WRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Wright|Wright, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SS Receive Scarborough (1923); 2SS Scarborough (1924-1925); 2SS Coledale (1926-1933); 2SS Coolah (1933); 2SE Scarborough (1935-1936); 2SE Louth/Bourke (1937-1938); 2SE Walgett (1939); 2SE Willow Tree (1946); 2SE Stanmore (1947-1950); 2SE Sydney (Guildford, 1954-1961); 2SE Quirindi (1965) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 118, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous Albert Edward Wrights in NSW, needs specific data to identify - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/A. W. H. Wright|Wright, A. W. H. &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 5BW Adelaide, 3AAW, 4TU Garbutt (-1950+, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Collis Page Wright|Wright, Collis Page]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1P-P9L] - 1912(Tas)-2004(Tas) - Licences: 7LZ Launceston (1933-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1099, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Launceston, 1936-1937); salesman (Launceston, 1943); draper (Launceston, 1949-1968)
* [[/Eric John Wright|Wright, Eric John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-P2G] - 1904(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Brisbane (Annerley, 1936-1939; Windsor, 1947; Buranda, 1948; Annerley, 1954; Buranda, 1955-1956; Ekibin, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1816, 1936, Qld; 3COCP 1471, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Annerley, Qld, 1937-1943; Annerley, Qld, 1949); waterside worker (Ekibin, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Frederick Harold Wright|Wright, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF95-LW1] - 1910(Eng)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6FR Perth (Buckland Hill, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, 1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1809, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Buckland Hill, WA, 1936; Mosman Park, WA, 1943-1963) 
* [[/William Henry Hilsdon Wright|Wright, William Henry Hilsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVF-RKL] - 1905(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4FA Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Murrays Creek, 1930; Ballandean, 1937-1949); teacher (Toowoomba, 1954-1963)

===''WYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Agar Wynne|Wynne, Agar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-6CN] - 1850(Eng)-1934(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1913-1914)
* [[/Alfred Percy Wynne|Wynne, Alfred Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L858-Q52] - 1885(Qld)-1966(Qld) - proprietor music business (Wynne's Music, Maryborough), proprietor broadcasting station (4MB Maryborough) - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Paddington, 1908; Mooloolah, 1909); commercial traveller (Mooloolah, 1912); piano tuner (Maryborough, 1913); salesman (Brisbane, 1916-1917; Mooloolah, 1919; Maryborough, 1919-1925); music store proprietor (Maryborough, 1928-1949); business manager (Maryborough, 1963)

=='''X'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;

=='''Y'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''YATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Gordon Yates|Yates, Kenneth Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-CJ3] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (Cottonville, 1939, 1947-1954; Westbourne Park, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2371, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Cottonville, SA, 1939-1943) 
* [[/Reginald Colin Yates|Yates, Reginald Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-QX6] - 1914(SA)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 5RY Wyalla (1935-1937); 2AGZ Wollongong (1938-1939, 1947); 2AGZ Sydney (Mosman, 1948-1950); 2AGZ Broken Hill (1954-1957); 2AGZ Newcastle (Hamilton, 1958-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1474, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1943); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949); engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1954); chartered electrical engineer (Merewether, NSW, 1958); professional engineer (Charlestown, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''YEATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Melville Yeates|Yeates, Henry Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G698-PXG] - 1912(Tas)-1980(???) - Licences: 7HY Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1621, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical contractor (Launceston, 1949-1954); salesman (Mosman, NSW, 1958-1977)

===''YORSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Sutherland Yorston|Yorston, Ernest Sutherland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY8-46D] - 1909(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3ES Melbourne (Caulfield, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 299, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1931-1937); sales (Caulfield, 1942; Elsternwick, 1949); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1954-1963); director (Oakleigh, 1967-1968)
===''YOUNG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Harold Young|Young, Ivan Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L118-BVF] - 1910(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4YG Brisbane (Albion) (1930-1939); 4YH Brisbane (Mitchelton) (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 708, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 315, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio technician (Mission Control Station, Thursday Island) - Electoral Rolls: nil (Albion, 1931-1937); public servant (Newmarket, 1943; Mitchelton, 1949-1980)
* [[/James Wolstenholme Young|Young, James Wolstenholme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TQ-Z2R] - 1909(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2JY Sydney (Turramurra, 1925-1934; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2JY Katoomba (1946); 2JY Sydney (Mona Vale, 1947-1948; Willoughby, 1950-1961; Middle Cove, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 189, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: articled clerk (Turramurra, 1932-1934), solicitor (Roseville, 1937; Katoomba, 1943; Willoughby, 1954-1977)
* [[/John William Young|Young, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6RN-2XX] - 1906(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4JY Brisbane (Rosalie, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Rosalie, 1938; Coorparoo, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 752, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Rosalie, 1931); clerk (Sandgate, 1936); storeman (Rosalie, 1937; Coorparoo, 1943-1963); commercial traveller (Coorparoo, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Anderson Young|Young, William Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89P-B3K] - 1897(Sct)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (West End, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 330, 1927, No. 34 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boot employee (West End, 1925-1937); bootmaker (Ashgrove, 1943-1954)

=='''Z'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ZECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Zech|Zech, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-YJG] - 1893(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XABQ Sydney (Annandale, 1912-1914), 2DL Sydney (Annandale, 1922, Receive), 2WZ Sydney (Annandale, 1925-1927; Ashfield, 1928-1930; Stanmore, 1933-1934), 2ACP Sydney (Enmore, 1937; Como, 1938), 2ACP Katoomba 1939 &amp; 1946-1975) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 424; no record of AOCP - early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4nqssko6vtzyi1i1fsqc298r9ngg42b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088361</id>
      <parentid>4088358</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:33:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Samuel.dellit</username>
        <id>1387936</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* DEWAN */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1267009" xml:space="preserve">{{incomplete}}
{{WikipediaCredit}}

{{CompactTOC8|side=yes}}

Thumbnail Radio Biographies sorted alphabetically by surname

'''Many of the stars of Australia's Radio Universe'''

'''Covering the full gamut from hypergiants to brown dwarfs'''

'''Each lit the way forward to broadcasting in Australia'''

=='''A'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ABBISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Frederick Abbiss|Abbiss, John Edwin Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZJ-6H9] - 1907(Eng)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Balmoral, 1930; Morningside, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 581, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Evans Deakin shipyards) - Halcyon: p. 83, Abiss - Electoral Rolls: engineering draftsman (Morningside, 1936); draftsman (Coorparoo, 1937; Morningside, 1949-1977) 
===''ABBOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Nicholson Abbott|Abbott, Reginald Nicholson or Nicolson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FTG] - 1897(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3VR Melbourne (Alphington, 1923-1927); 3ABB Melbourne (Caulfield, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 273, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Alphinton, 1925-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949); technician (Caulfield, 1954-1977)
* [[/Roy Edgar Abbott|Abbott, Roy Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6MT-CZX] - 1902(NSW)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 2YK Dorrigo (1930-1931); 2YK Telegraph Point (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 668, 1921; AOCP, not yet identified; 2COCP 179, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Dorrigo, 1930; Telegraph Point, 1933-1937; Mittagong, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Thomas Kingsmill Abbott|Abbott, Thomas Kingsmill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHFH-4FH] - 1891(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 2TK Wingen (1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely military) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Graziers' Assoc NSW) - Comment: beware other contemporaneous TK Abbotts - Electoral Rolls: overseer (Muralla, 1913); grazier (Wollongong, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/209607 Obit]
===''ABRAHAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Abrahams|Abrahams, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G836-Y6P] - 1903(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3FA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6089, 1966 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (St Kilda, 1925-1931); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1935-1936; Malvern, 1943-1967; Toorak, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of Louis Henry Abrahams
* [[/Louis Henry Abrahams|Abrahams, Louis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GJ-GZP] - 1889(Vic)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1; director (Victorian Radio Interests Ltd); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: potter (Brunswick, 1909); tobacconist (South Yarra, 1912-1921); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1924-1926); burner (Brunswick, 1937-1942) - Relationships: brother of 3FA Frank Abrahams

===''ACKERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Adam Ackerman|Ackerman, Joseph Adam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZV-49L] - 1911(NSW)-1993(Qld) - Licences: 2ALG Sydney (Carlton, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2ALG Wentworthville (1950); 2ALG Sydney (Parramatta, 1954-1958; North Rocks, 1960-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2229, 1938, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Paddington, 1932; Annandale, 1933-1936; Kogarah, 1937-1943; Carlton, 1949); clerk (Parramatta, 1954-1958); senior supervisor (Wentworthville, 1963; Epping, 1968-1972); retired (Sans Souci, 1977; Hurstville, 1980)
===''ACKLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Daniel Ackling|Ackling, Harold Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD5F-8RK] - 1892(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2PX Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 612, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Randwick, 1913); machinist (Bankstown, 1930-1980)
===''ACKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Frederick Gloucester Ackland|Ackland, Stanley Frederick Gloucester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5PB-C2Y] - 1904(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Prospect, 1923); 5SF Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1931; Linden Park, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 21, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Burnside, 1939-1943)

===''ADAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Adams|Adams, Frank John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-29V] - 1880(Eng)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3XO Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3XO Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 155, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; manager - Electoral Rolls: motor garage proprietor (Brighton, 1913); garage proprietor (Elsternwick, 1919-1921; Brighton, 1922-1924); manager (Brighton, 1925-1954); nil (Brighton, 1963-1968)
* [[/Peter Harry Arthur Adams|Adams, Peter Harry Arthur &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3N-XMC] - 1909(NSW)-1984(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Sydney (Cremorne, 1923-1924); 2JX Sydney (Cremorne, 1927; Manly, 1929; Cremorne, 1930; Gordon, 1931; Woolahra, 1933; Epping, 1933; Cremorne, 1935-1936; Thornleigh, 1937; Waverton, 1938-1939; Denistone, 1946-1947; Avalon Beach, 1948-1950); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1954-1961); 2JX Sydney (Pymble, 1965-1969); 2JX Nambucca Heads (1975); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 380, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933); labourer (Epping, 1934); engineer (St Kilda, 1934); radio engineer (Thornleigh, 1937; Darlinghurst, 1943); engineer (Avalon Beach, 1949; Wentworth Falls, 1958); retired (Valla Beach, 1972-1977; Wentworth Falls, 1980)
===''ADAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Kenneth Adamson|Adamson, William Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MLXZ-HX5] - 1905(SA)-1982(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923-1924); 5WA Adelaide (Parkside, 1925-1927; Fullarton, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 135, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''AGNEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Gordon Carlisle Agnew|Agnew, Robert Gordon Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDKK-D8Y] - 1904(WA)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6RA Perth (Nedlands, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 721, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (North Perth, WA, 1925; Nedlands, WA, 1931-1972)

===''AKEROYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gordon Akeroyd|Akeroyd, Arthur Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F2-JXL] - 1890(Vic)-1948(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Meteorologist, Forecasting and Statistical Division, Victoria) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1915); meteorologist (Northcote, 1921-1937); civil servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/akeroyd-arthur-gordon-9321 ADB]

===''ALDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Oscar Edward Alder|Alder, Oscar Edward &quot;Ock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ2-D3P] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4JB Brisbane (Albion, 1928-1939, 1946-1948; Chermside, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 423, 1928, No. 47 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wool classer - Halcyon: p. 28, 84, 137 - Electoral Rolls: student (Albion, 1919); wool classer (Albion, 1925-1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); warehouse assistant (Chermside, 1949-1980)
===''ALDERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Zerbini Alderman|Alderman, Valentine Zerbini]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVL-F8N] - 1893(SA)-1919(SA) - Licences: XVC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALEXANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Talbot Meredith Alexander|Alexander, Talbot Meredith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1FJ-MZN] - 1888(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4TM Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1931-1933); 4TM Townsville (North Ward, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 315, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kew, Vic, 1912-1914); wireless instructor (Melbourne City, 1925-1926); superintendent wireless (Glenferrie, Vic, 1926-1927); sales representative (City, Brisbane, 1928); business manager (North Ward, Qld, 1936-1937); instructor (Paddington, Qld, 1943); commercial traveller (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949; New Farm, 1954-1958); retired (Moorooka, 1968-1977)

===''ALLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus John Allan|Allan, Angus John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2C-YWF] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5UL Adelaide (Ovingham, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2013, 1937, SA; 1COCP 458, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ovingham, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/John Allan|Allan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-PFG] - 1905(Sct)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Chermside, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1938, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous JAs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Mason Allard|Allard, George Mason]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HT-JMV] - 1866(Eng)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman of Directors (AWA); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Honours: knighted; K.B. - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Wahroonga, 1930-1937); accountant (Wahroonga, 1943-1949) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allard-sir-george-mason-4999 ADB]

===''ALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Allen|Allen, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69B-SGR] - 1902(Tas)-1969(Tas) - Licences: 7PA Hobart (New Town, 1933-1937; Moonah, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1171, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 7AL Thomas Arthur Allen - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (New Town, 1928-1936; Moonah, 1937-1954)
* [[/George Alexander Allen|Allen, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3H-DJK] - 1891(Sct)-1965(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 49, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Kenneth Douglas Allen|Allen, Kenneth Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N5-19J] - 1907(WA)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 2GX Sydney (West Ryde, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 648, 1930, NSW; 3COCP 4263, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Army, Royal Australian Engineers, Lieutenant, 1940) - Education: BSc (Syd Uni, 1933) - Electoral Rolls: student (West Ryde, 1930-1935); director (Woolwich, 1936-1937); soldier (Woolwich, 1943); engineer (Woolwich, 1963-1972; Hunters Hill, 1977; Gladesville, 1980)
* [[/Robert Kelvin Allen|Allen, Robert Kelvin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTK-TH9] - 1916(Qld)-1942(Indonesia) - Licences: 4PR Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1634, 1936, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 13 Squadron, Pilot Officer), (Halcyon, p. 177) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/allen-robert-kelvin-404945/]
* [[/Thomas Arthur Allen|Allen, Thomas Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SQ-9YN] - 1916(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7AL Hobart (New Town, 1936-1939, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne,1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1738, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 7PA Albert Edward Allen - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1943-1954); director (Lindisfarne, 1963-1972)
===''ALLINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Thirlmier John Allinson|Allinson, Lancelot Thirlmier John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L81B-F4P] - 1896(NSW)-1961(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 804, 1924 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radiotelegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Broome, WA, 1931; Como, WA, 1931; South Perth, WA, 1936-1943; Broome, WA, 1949-1954); telegraphist (Esperance, WA, 1958)
===''ALLSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Cottam Allsop|Allsop, Raymond Cottam &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJLT-SNJ] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XCA Sydney (Randwick, 1911-1914); 2YG Sydney (Randwick, 1924; Coogee 1924-1929; Roseville, 1930); 2AYG Sydney (Roseville, 1946-1947+); 2NA Sydney (Roseville, 1961); 2BL Sydney (Roseville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW); broadcaster (2BL, chief engineer); journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1920s); military (RAN Volunteer Reserve, Lieutenant; WW2 (RAN, Engineer Lieutenant); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 (obo Broadcasters Sydney Ltd; federal public servant (ABCB, member, 1953-1954) - Honours: Coronation Medal, 1937; OBE, 1971 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1930); engineer (Roseville, 1933; Gordon, 1937; Roseville, 1943); electronic engineer (Roseville, 1949); director (South Yarra, 1954); engineer (Roseville, 1958-1968) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allsop-raymond-cottam-ray-9344 ADB]; [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199001.pdf EA]
===''ALSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Russell Alsop|Alsop, John Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB3-WXQ] - 1906(Vic)-1973(Vic) - 3MI Melbourne (Kew, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 76, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''AMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Edgar Ames|Ames, Clement Edgar &quot;Clem&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDX-JF8] - 1889(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: XVG Adelaide (Torrensville, 1913-1914); 5AV Adelaide (Kent Town, 1923; Hindmarsh, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator 5WI (1925) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Allenby Gardens, 1939-43)

===''ANCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Leslie Finion Ancher|Ancher, Norman Leslie Finion or Tinian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-MCQ] - 1910(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 5NA Adelaide (Mile End, 1937-1939); 2NH Sydney (Lindfield, 1946-1947; Mosman, 1948-1954; Cremorne, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2057, 1937, SA; BOCP 476, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Chatswood, NSW, 1934); sound engineer (West Maitland, NSW, 1936); engineer (Mile End, SA, 1939; Rose Park, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949; Cremorne, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Cremorne, NSW, 1972); technical officer (Lane Cove, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''ANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Ronald Anderson|Anderson, Alexander Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-L6J] - 1914(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5GM Adelaide (Eastwood, 1936-1939, 1947; Payneham South, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1700, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Eastwood, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Andrew Oswald Anderson|Anderson, Andrew Oswald &quot;Oswald&quot;, &quot;Andy&quot;, &quot;A.O.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-Z8L] - 1885(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Mosman, 1913); manager (Rose Bay, 1930; Vaucluse, 1934-1935) - Links: [https://ozvta.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/anderson-oswald-1062017.pdf Bio]
* [[/Eric William Alfred Anderson|Anderson, Eric William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WX-744] - 1908(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3KH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1928-1931; Glen Iris, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 424, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); engineer (Camberwell, 1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1968; Burwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frederic Brian Anderson|Anderson, Frederic Brian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YN-TYJ] - 1918(Eng)-2008(SA)90yo - Licences: 5FA Tanunda (1934-1939); 5FA Waikerie (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1351, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tanunda, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/G. R. Anderson|Anderson, G. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Gilberton, 1923); 5GA Adelaide (Highgate, 1931-1933; Myrtle Bank, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Francis Anderson|Anderson, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JJ-WFL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JA Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3JA Nullawarre (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 661, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Warrnambool, 1936; Nullawarre, 1937-1980)- Comment: Several contemporaneous JFAs
* [[/Keith Sydney Anderson|Anderson, Keith Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-8J9] - 1911(WA)-1944(Vic) - Licences: 6KS Perth (North Perth, 1935); 6KS Mt Magnet (1937); 6KS Perth (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1487, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, 2nd/1st Infantry Battalion, Private) - Electoral rolls: bank officer (Mt Magnet, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/618137 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1691738 Roll of Honour]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10295040 AWM]
* [[/Maurice Bernard Anderson|Anderson, Maurice Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC3V-WL9] - 1908(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1923-1924); 5MA Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1925-1928); 3AMA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 103, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; fitter - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, Qld, 1931-1937)
* [[/Percy James Anderson|Anderson, Percy James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WN-6Y7] - 1908(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PA Melbourne (Westgarth, 1928-1933; West Preston, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PA Dooen (1965-1969); 3PA Geelong (Wallington, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 428, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Westgarth, 1934); engineer (Preston, 1936-1963); technician (Horsham, 1967-1968); retired (Wallington, 1972-1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3JR Christopher James Rainbow
* [[/Robert Arthur Crosbie Anderson|Anderson, Robert Arthur Crosbie &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VK-GZN] - 1908(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3WY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 691, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Camberwell, 1931-1949; Glen Iris, 1954-1967; Burwood, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''ANEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Anear|Anear, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XLK-9D6] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5LK Carrow (1929-1931); 9WZ Momote, Admiralty Islands (1954); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1955); 3AGF Melbourne (Laverton, 1960); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 556, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as Francis George Anear

===''ANGEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Benjamin Angel|Angel, Henry Benjamin &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWW-K4Y] - 1891(Eng)-1998(Qld, 106yo) - Licences: 4HA Brisbane (St Lucia, 1935-1939; Enoggera, 1946-1969; Lota, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1503, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW1, AIF Signals; WW2, AMF, Navy); business proprietor (radio service) - QSLs: Entire collection held by SLQ - Halcyon: p. 51, 60, 81, 163 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919; Toowong, Qld, 1919-1925); carrier (St Lucia, Qld, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Lota, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''ANSCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Arthur Anscombe|Anscombe, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TL-7LR] - 1888(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: turner &amp; fitter (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1913; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1914); mechanic (Albert Park, Vic, 1919); manager (Box Hill, Vic, 1927-1943)

===''ANTHONY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Henry Anthony|Anthony, Michael Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK3H-6B7] - 1894(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); telegraphist (Prahran, 1921-1924); clerk (Oakleigh, 1934); railway employee (Sandringham, Vic, 1936-1942); telegraphist (Sandringham, 1954-1963)
* [[/Reginald Major Anthony|Anthony, Reginald Major &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYN-YWG] - 1908(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5CM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1937; Medindie Gardens, 1938-1939; Prospect, 1946-1960; Somerton Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 324, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Wilfred Boykett Anthony - Electoral Rolls: Nil
* [[/Wilfred Boykett Anthony|Anthony, Wilfred Boykett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYJ-3HZ] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil identified - amateur receive operator, WW2 - Relationships: Brother of Reginald Major Anthony - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Netherby, 1939-1941)

===''APPERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Apperley|Apperley, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNQ-5XG] - 1887(NZ)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 704, 1922; 1COCP 237, 1931 - NZ Gov. Telegraphs pre 1910; British Colonial Gov, 1910-1912; AWA (from 1913; Chief Marconi Wireless School 1914-1916; Works Manager 1916-1919; technical superintendent 1919-1923; OIC Beam Wireless 1924; Traffic Manager, Beam Wireless - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1922); manager (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, Vic, 1931-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1943); engineer (Manly, NSW, 1954)

===''ARCHIBALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Wilson Archibald|Archibald, Ian Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-9LC] - 1902(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2BJ Receive Tingha (1922); 2KU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1928-1939, 1946-1955; Sans Souci, 1956-1965; Noraville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 457, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 2393, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1933); engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1936-1954); chemist (Sans Souci, 1958-1963); retired (Noraville, 1968)

===''ARGAET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stanislaus Argaet|Argaet, William Stanislaus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-8Z8] - 1894(NSW)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4KH Brisbane (Wynnum, 1931-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (Wynnum bus service) - Halcyon, p. 87, 127 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, 1925); bus proprietor (Wynnum, 1928-1949)

===''ARMATI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rex Gordon Armati|Armati, Rex Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2S42-XKH] - 1899(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4DB Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1921-1928); salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1936-1943); employment officer (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1954-1958; Kings Cross, 1963); shipping clerk (Surry Hills, 1968-1972)
===''ARMSTRONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Howard Armstrong|Armstrong, Edwin Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5ZX-354] - 1890(USA)-1954(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - USA inventor of the superheterodyne receiver [https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Club-of-America/Legacies-of-Edwin-Howard-Armstong-1990-11-Radio-Club-of-America.pdf RCA 1990 Special Edition]
* [[/Stanley John Armstrong|Armstrong, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4V-K7Y] - 1910?(NSW)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4ZK Brisbane (Enoggera, 1932-1933); 4SA Brisbane (Enoggera, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1004, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Windsor, Qld, 1919); clerk (Enoggera, Qld, 1922-1968)
* [[/Thomas Armstrong|Armstrong, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Q-GGZ] - 1895(Sct)-1964(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 217, 1916; 1COCP 132, 1930 - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD) - senior federal public servant (Superintendent, Wireless Branch, NSW, PMGD), promoted to role upon retirement of William Tamillas Stephen Crawford

===''ARNOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Sydney Arnold|Arnold, Albert Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M2W-ZG2] - 1882(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: XAB Sydney (Ashfield, 1911-1914) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1913-1954); company secretary (Hurlstone Park, 1958); retired (Hurlstone Park, 1963)
* [[/Edwin Charles Arnold|Arnold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8QX-H7J] - 1898(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2BY Receive Tamworth (1922); 2BY Tamworth (1923-1925); 2BY Coolah (1925-1927); 2BY Sydney (Manly, 1928; Mona Vale, 1933-1936); 2AGW Sydney (Manly, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 226, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Mona Vale, 1931-1934), clerk (Balgowlah Heights, 1943-1968)
* [[/Ernest Noel Arnold|Arnold, Ernest Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84H-8J6] - 1907(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Albury (1923-1924); 2OJ Albury (1928-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 452, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albury, 1930-1937); fruit merchant (Albury, 1949-1977)
* [[/Joseph Leslie Grahame Arnold|Arnold, Joseph Leslie Grahame &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L853-R3J] - 1912(Vic)-1991(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Launceston (City, 1934-1939; Invermay, 1946-1956; Mowbray, 1960-1969; City, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1263, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: textile worker (Launceston North, 1936-1954); mechanic (Mowbray, 1968)

===''ARTHUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Glendon Arthur|Arthur, Charles James Glendon &quot;Glen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-T62] - 1915(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences 4GJ Dayboro (1935-1939); 4GJ Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1450, 1935, Qld; BOCP?; 2COCP 493, 1941; 1COCP 639, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 80 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wagga Wagga, 1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, 1949-1980)

===''ASHBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. W. C. Ashbury|Ashbury, A. W. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ASHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice John Ashby|Ashby, Maurice John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX49-L1C] - 1901(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4DH Receive Dalby (1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 899, 1925; 2COCP 94, 1930; 1COCP 281, 1932 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Dalby, 1922); labourer (Greenslopes, 1925); salesman (Glebe, 1933; Northbridge, 1935-1936; Epping, 1937); radio telegraphist (New Farm, Qld, 1943); planning assistant (Haberfield, NSW, 1943; Pennant Hills, NSW, 1949; Thornleigh, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Avalon Beach, NSW, 1968-1972)

===''ASHLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Richard Ashley|Ashley, George William Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF96-CMZ] - 1919(Eng)-1999(WA) - Licences: 6GA Perth (Carlisle, 1938-1939, 1947-1954); 6GA Kalgoorlie (1955-1956); 6GA Perth (Mt Yokine, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2094, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlisle, WA, 1943-1949); communications officer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1958); clerk (Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''ASHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Robert Ashlin|Ashlin, Eric Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSRF-44C] - 1910(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4EA Brisbane (Annerley, 1931-1933); 4EA Toowoomba (1937-1939); 4EA Coolangatta (1946-1947); 4EA Bilinga (1948-1975) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 873, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Rosentengels, radio service); military (WW2; signals officer) - Halcyon: p. 73, 127, 163 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1943; Bilinga, Qld, 1949-1963); TV technician (Bilinga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''ASMUSSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Asmussen|Asmussen, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - Licences: 4ZJA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1965); 4FA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980+) - amateur operator, JOTA participant 1960s

===''ATHELSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. N. Athelstone|Athelstone, G. N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5NG Central Australia (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Joseph Atkins|Atkins, Kenneth Joseph &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCXH-NW7] - 1912(Eng)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (Semaphore, 1932-1939; Woodville Park, 1946-1948; Eden Hills, 1954; Blackwood Park, 1955-1960; Campbelltown, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 910, 1932, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 415, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Dept. Civil Aviation) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Semaphore, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)
* [[/Leslie Morton Atkins|Atkins, Leslie Morton &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCTV-T5T] - 1876(Vic)-1949(WA) - Licences: 4LA Townsville (1924-1926); 5LA Adelaide (Magill, 1926-1931; Tusmore, 1933; Erindale, 1937-1939); seems to have operated in Townsville as 4GD ca Nov 1924? - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (telegraphist, east-west overland telegraph, Eucla, 1910); engineer (PMGD, divisional engineer) - Halcyon: AOCP Townsville 1925, p. 88 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Eucla, 1903-1910; Victoria Park, 1912-1916); district engineer (Townsville, 1919-1925); engineer (Tusmore, 1939); retired (Lismore Base Hospital, NSW, 1943)

===''ATKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Marshall Atkinson|Atkinson, John Marshall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89L-C6R] - 1906(Eng)-1999(ACT) - Licences: 2RZ Sydney (Mosman, 1927-1930; Carrs Park, 1931-1936; Glebe, 1937; Chippendale, 1938-1939); 4RZ Labrador (1955); 4RZ Gatton (1956-1960); 4RZ Southport (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 331, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); organiser (Darlinghurst, 1943); shopkeeper (Gatton, 1958-1963; Labrador, 1968); retired (Southport, 1972-1980)
* [[/Noel Whittaker Atkinson|Atkinson, Noel Whittaker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2XX-V88] - 1908(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4WK  Brisbane (1929), 4NA Brisbane (1930-1935, Check), 4BT Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1946-1965+) - Qualifications: AOCP 530, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, business proprietor (radio sales &amp; service), federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: - radio mechanic (Camp Hill, 1937-1977) - (Halcyon, p. 102)
* [[/Reginald Aubrey Atkinson|Atkinson, Reginald Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V5M-WJC] - 1895(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4RA Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1928-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 412, 1928, No. 46 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1919); accountant (Rosewood, 1925); timber merchant (Yeronga, 1925; Thompson Estate, 1937-1949; Southport, 1958-1963)
* [[/Robert Henry Atkinson|Atkinson, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-2P3] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WZ Perth (Victoria Park, 1936-1939); 6WZ Geraldton (1947-1955); 6WZ Albany (1956-1965); 6WZ Katanning (1969); 6WZ Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1804, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Victoria Park, WA, 1936-1937); radio announcer (Geraldton, WA, 1943); broadcast station manager (Geraldton, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Albany, WA, 1958-1968); radio announcer (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''AUGUSTESEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Gerald Augustesen|Augustesen, Gordon Gerald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-LF9] - 1915(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4JN Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1932-1939); 4XQ Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1947-1948; Oakleigh, 1954-1960; Kenmore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1046, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, radar technician); business proprietor (Telair) - Halcyon: p. 85, 127 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mitchelton, Qld, 1943); manager (Auchenflower, Qld, 1949; Dorrington, Qld, 1954-1963; Kenmore, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''AUSTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emanuel Maxwell Austin|Austin, Emanuel Maxwell &quot;Mannie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-98K] - 1909(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2KZ Kurri Kurri (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 477, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clipper (Kurri Kurri, 1930-1980)
* [[/Henry Lashbrooke Austin|Austin, Henry Lashbrooke &quot;Hal&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4V2-LDC] - 1902(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BN Adelaide (Norwood, 1923-1928); 5AW Adelaide (Rose Park, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 101, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Victoria Park, SA, 1939; Rose Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Selwood Charles Austin|Austin, Selwood Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TVV] - 1902(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6SA Perth (Victoria Park, 1927; South Perth, 1930-1956; Maida Vale, 1960-1969; Morley, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 625, 1921; 1COCP 134, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother-in-law of Stanley Hogg - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Perth, WA, 1931-1958); police officer (Maida Vale, WA, 1963-1968; Kalamunda, WA, 1972); retired (Morley, WA, 1977-1980)

===''AVARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Avard|Avard, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-RRL] - 1901(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 620, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 88, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Northcote, 1925-1937); public servant (Kew, 1943-1977)

=='''B'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''BACKLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lincoln Backler|Backler, Eric Lincoln]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV8Q-6SK] - 1911(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5HK Kingston SE (1933-1939, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1093, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Kingston, SA, 1939)

===''BADENOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Herbert Lionel Badenoch|Badenoch, James Herbert Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-3XK] - 1913(NSW)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5LB Adelaide (Trinity Gardens, 1932-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1012, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BADER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Adolphus Frederick Bader|Bader, Henry Adolphus Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97M3-V5X] - 1866(Ger)-1928(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman, Trading Committee, Wireless Development Assoc (Perth); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WDA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (North Perth, 1913-1926)

===''BADGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Victor Badger|Badger, Albert Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9RY-9X6] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - 2YT Receive Sydney (Rozelle, 1923-1924), 2AB Sydney (Rozelle, 1925-1926; North Sydney, 1927-1929; Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1931-1934; Leichhardt, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 202, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator (Hobart East, 1919); picture operator (Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1934; Lilyfield, 1937-1972; Leichhardt, 1977-1980))
===''BAGST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. D. A. Bagst|Bagst, E. D. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5EB Adelaide (Woodville, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: individual not yet identified, possibly Elizabeth D. Bagst nee Boyle who married Leslie Bagst at Newtown, NSW 1925, possible YL operator

===''BAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leonard Bain|Bain, John Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4V-6SV] - 1891(Eng)-19??(NSW?) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 109, 1915 - ship wireless officer (pre WW1, WW1); journalist (technical editor, Listener-In, -1934+); clubs (IRE USA); WW1 (1916-1919); Associate Editor, Popular Radio Weekly (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Popular Radio Weekly, Victoria) - Education: B.Sc.(London) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1925-1936); journalist (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1937) - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10688424 AWM]
===''BAILEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bailey|Bailey, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKW-8PX] - 1882(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5GB Mt Gambier (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 79, 1915 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retired (Mt Gambier, 1939-1943)
* [[/Jack Harry Bailey|Bailey, Jack Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KG85-LZ4] - 1912(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4JC Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1299, 1934, Qld; BOCP 1902, 1961 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); electrical mechanic (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1954); teacher (Tarragindi, Qld, 1958-1963); college principal (Mackay, Qld, 1968); principal (Bundaberg, Qld, 1972; Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Howard Bailey|Bailey, Robert Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLM-1X6] - 1917(SA)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5NW Crystal Brook (1936-1939); 5NW Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1948; Huddleston, 1954-1960); 5NW Crystal Brook (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1764, 1936, SA; BOCP 673, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BAIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Allan Baird|Baird, Thomas William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKG-JVD] - 1886(Qld)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Receive Brisbane (Bayswater, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (AIF, 11 Field Company Engineers, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: gardener (North Pine, Qld, 1908); labourer (Bayswater, Qld, 1912-1913); storeman (Torwood, Qld, 1916-1943)

===''BAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Claude Baker|Baker, Andrew Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TG-RZ9] - 1897(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 144, 1915; 2COCP 193, 1930; 1COCP 303, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917; Rockhampton, 1919-1934)
* [[/Charles Whiteway Baker|Baker, Charles Whiteway]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL93-HYP] - 1905(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3VP Receive Bendigo (1923-1924); 3VP Bendigo (1925-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 156, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 451, 1942 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a &quot;listener&quot;); merchant - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bendigo, 1927-1931); merchant (Bendigo, 1934-1968; Kennington, 1972-1977)
* [[/Ernest James Baker|Baker, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-K5B] - 1904(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2FP Receive Newcastle (Maryville, 1922-1923); 2FP Newcastle (Maryville, 1924-1928; Wickham, 1929; Hamilton, 1930-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 69, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hamilton, 1930-1972)
* [[/Edwin Weldon Baker|Baker, Edwin Weldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWP-F1D] - 1895(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4CI Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 733, 1922 - amateur receiver - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: joiner (Northgate, 1919-1977)
* [[/John Frederick Thomas Baker|Baker, John Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY6-8XY] - 1908(???)-1977(Vic) - 3LF Melbourne (Northcote, 1927+), qualifications (AOCP 325, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, 
* [[/Herbert Edward Baker|Baker, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-245] - 1875(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Charleville (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; grazier - Halcyon: p. 81, 111 - Electoral Rolls: station manager (Charleville, 1903); grazier (Charleville, 1908-1943)
* [[/Sidney Charles Baker|Baker, Sydney or Sidney Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZSZ-J4H] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Receive Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1922-1924), 3BK Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1925-1933; Albert Park, 1937; South Melbourne, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Bonbeach, 1955-1969; Seaford, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 177, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (South Melbourne, 1937); optical mechanic (Carrum, 1963-1972); retired (Carrum, 1977)
* [[/Walter Ross Baker|Baker, Walter Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CY-D78] - 1905(SA)-1978(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)

===''BALDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Loris John Balderson|Balderson, Loris John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMVR-1RW] - 1895(Vic)-1932(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; RAAF (Flying Officer, Technical Branch, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: officer, RAAF (Footscray, 1924); flying officer (Werribee, 1925); flight-lieutenant (Werribee, 1931) - Links: [https://www.crossandcockade.com/uploads/Balderson.pdf Bio]
===''BALSILLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Graeme Balsillie|Balsillie, John Graeme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7MR-7MN] - 1885(Qld)-1924(USA) - radio business proprietor, senior federal public servant (PMGS, Commonwealth Wireless Expert), inventor, (Halcyon, not mentioned) - [https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/balsillie-john-graeme-5117 ADB]

===''BAMFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Bamfield|Bamfield, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM19-HNG] - 1892(NSW)-1918(NZL) - Licences: XQJ Corfield (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Halcyon: p. 3 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Muttaburra, Qld, 1913)

===''BANCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John Bancroft|Bancroft, Stanley John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Broadcast technician (2CY), federal public servant (PMGD, ABC)
===''BANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Edward William Banks|Banks, Harold Edward William &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S7-3BT] - 1911(NZL)-2000(Tas) - Licences: 7HB Hobart (North Hobart, 1938-1939; Richmond, 1946-1956; Penna, 1960-1965; New Town, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (New Zealand?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hobart North, 1936-1937); council clerk (Richmond, 1943-1954)
===''BANYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ingram Banyer|Banyer, Ingram]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9F95-CYX] - 1893(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: XVQ Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Blackwood, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BARBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel George Barber|Barber, Samuel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-66B] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5MV Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1933-1937; Woodville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1232, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Woodville, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM, Berri, SA, 1941; Glenelg, SA, 1943)
* [[/William Henry Barber|Barber, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY4N-QRD] - 1897(SA)-1965(WA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cumberland, 1923-1925); 5WH Adelaide (Cumberland, 1926-1931); 5WH Port Pirie (1933-1937); 6DX Kalgoorlie (1938-1939; 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 266, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1937-1963)
===''BARBIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alphonse Barbier|Barbier, Edward Alphonse or Alphonse Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-5TW] - 1904(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: 5MD Adelaide (Stockdale Reserve, 1932-1939; City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 958, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARBOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Heyward Barbour|Barbour, Kenneth Heyward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-1VZ] - 1905(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3ZI Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: AOCP 105, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARDIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Frederic Bardin|Bardin, William Frederic or Frederick &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;Old Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSS9-TG4] - 1899(Eng)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (North Carlton, 1923-1925); 4AB Townsville (1925-1927); 4AB Brisbane (Fairfield &amp; Yeronga, 1931-1933); 2ABZ Sydney (Ermington &amp; Dundas  1937-1939, 1946-1961+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 615, 1921; 1COCP 58, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); coastal radio operator (AWA); state public servant (4QG); federal public servant (Halcyon, p. 63) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1922); radio engineer (Townsville, 1925; Buranda, 1926; Fairfield, 1928); engineer (Dundas, 1936-1943; Eastwood, 1949-1968)

===''BARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Morphew Barker|Barker, Rupert Morphew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGH-7LM] - 1890(Eng)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 5RM Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1933); 7RM Hobart (City, 1947-1948; Lenah Valley, 1949-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely qualified in England) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; broadcast engineer (sound) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Yarra, Vic, 1931-1936; Hobart North, Tas, 1937; Hobart South, Tas, 1943); sound engineer (Hobart West, Tas, 1949); engineer (Moonah, Tas, 1954; New Town, Tas, 1963)
* [[/William Henry Barker|Barker, William Henry (R.?)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHGY-243] - 1905(NSW)-1956(NSW) - licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Concord, 1923-1924); 2BW Sydney (Concord, 1925-1931), qualifications: AOCP 217, 1925, No. ?? in NSW, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: electrical mechanic (Concord, 1930-1943), beware several contemporaneous William Henry Barker

===''BARLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Kenneth Barlin|Barlin, George Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2VX-DP3] - 1916(NSW)-2016(ACT) - qualifications (BOCP 67, 1937), long term employee 2CA Canberra, manager TV network
===''BARLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Barlow|Barlow, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-2FL] - 1895(NSW)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 2GQ Receive Armidale (1922); 2GQ Armidale (1922-1926); 2GQ Glen Innes (1927); 2GQ Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1928); 2GQ Canberra (1929); 2GQ Mudgee (1930-1931); 2GQ Sydney (Cammeray, 1933-1934; North Sydney, 1935-1936; Mosman, 1937-1939 &amp; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4, 1924, No. 3 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - TroveTag: &quot;2GQ - Edward Barlow&quot; - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mudgee, 1930-1932; Cammeray, 1933-1935; Milsons Point, 1936; Mosman, 1937); divisional returning officer (Bathurst, 1943; Mosman, 1949-1958)

===''BARNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Walter Barnes|Barnes, Thomas Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z6-PZ2] - 1910(Vic)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 3TB Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1929-1933; Moonee Ponds, 1937-1939; West Brunswick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 537, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 243,1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ascot Vale, 1931-1936); mechanic (Moonee Ponds, 1937-1942); electrical maintenance (West Brunswick, 1949-1980) - beware another contemporaneous Thomas Walter Barnes (1893-1925)

===''BARRACLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Barraclough|Barraclough, Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KL-MNY] - 1903(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4GY Brisbane (Kedron, 1933-1935); 4GX Brisbane (Kedron, 1935-1939; 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1075, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2); radio service (Palings) - Halcyon: p. 81 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Kedron, 1937-1972)

===''BARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Barry|Barry, William Lawrence (BMD) or Lawrence William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MK6C-NBK] - 1905(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4FQ Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: storeman (South Brisbane, Qld, 1929); taxi driver (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''BARTHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Lewis Barthold|Barthold, Godfrey Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKR-JWZ] - 1899(Vic)-1993(Vic) - 3GL Melbourne (Malvern, 1925-1927), 3BT Melbourne (Malvern, 1931-1939; Glen Iris, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 210, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, clerk (Malvern, 1924-1931), radio manufacturer (Camberwell, 1937-1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1972), retired (Mt Martha, 1977-1980)

===''BARTHOLOMEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Bartholmew|Bartholomew, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CZ-8YR] - 1861(Eng)-1942(NSW) - Licences: XBM Sydney (Mosman, 1911-1914); 2FO Receive Sydney (Kirribilli, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; company director (AWA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Milsons Point, 1930-1937) - Comment: famously charged and convicted of trading with the enemy during WW1 but only slapped on wrist (together with Ernest Thomas Fisk and Hugh Robert Denison)
===''BARTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gustavus Campbell Barton|Barton, Edward Gustavus Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ57-87Y] - 1857(Vic)-1942(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, scientist, business proprietor (Barton &amp; White) - Halcyon: not mentioned) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-edward-gustavus-campbell-9445 ADB]
* [[/Graham Francis Barton|Barton, Graham Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5P-KYT] - 1918(SA)-2005(SA) - Licences: 5BN Mt Gambier (1937-1939); 5BN Adelaide (Unley, 1947-1956; Malvern, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1993, 1937, SA; 1COCP 1709, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hyde Park, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Richard McRae Barton|Barton, Richard McRae &quot;Dick&quot;]] - 1940(???)-2021(Qld) - broadcast engineer, director engineering FACTS (1981-2001), ABU Engineering Award 2004, Fellow SMPTE, contributed to development DTV standards, chaired preparatory meeting to WRC 2000,  [https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/0a/07/R0A070000420001PDFE.pdf ITU Tribute]

===''BARTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graeme Bartram|Bartram, Graeme]] - historian (early Aus wireless: 2011 &quot;John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer&quot;[https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf])

===''BASIL-COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Frank Basil-Cooke see Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;
===''BASSETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rankin Bassett|Bassett, Francis Rankin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQZJ-28Y] - 1906(NSW)-1982(NSW) - 2FR Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1928; Arncliffe, 1929), 2FR Singleton, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 194, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother John Bassett
* [[/John Bassett|Bassett, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8M2-8XN] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2VO Receive Stroud (1923), amateur operator (AOCP 232, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother Francis Rankin Bassett

===''BATCHLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Victor Batchler|Batchler, Charles Victor &quot;Victor&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4NN-FXJ] - 1897(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: XZJ Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: Uncle of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: shift engineer (Waddamana, 1922)
* [[/Jack Copeland Batchler|Batchler, Jack Copeland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCSK-D8F] - 1910(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1932-1939); 3AJB Melbourne (1947); 7JB Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1948-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 957, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: nephew of XZJ Charles Victor Batchler; husband of 7YL Joyce Isabel Batchler nee Crowder - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Nelson, 1943-1949); no occupation (Nelson, 1972)
* [[/Joyce Isabel Crowder|Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-PKG] - 1915(Tas)-2015(Tas) - Licences: 7YL Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 1627, 1936, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL - Relationships: Wife of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Nelson, 1943-1972) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''BATE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Bate|Bate, Arthur John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKQ-PYC] - 1917(WA)-2010(SA) - Licences: 5ZA Adelaide (Adelaide City, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1891, 1937, SA; BOCP 1481, 1956; 1COCP 2049, 1967 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lister Bates|Bates, Jack Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGK-238] - 1912(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4UR Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1935-1939, 1946-1947; Lutwyche, 1948-1969; Toombul, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1430, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio Club (WIAQ, QSL Manager); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; WW2 - Halcyon: p. 12, 99, 137, 141, 145 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1943); labourer (Lutwyche, Qld, 1949-1958; Wooloowin, Qld, 1968); cashier (Toombul, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''BATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Henry Batt|Batt, Cecil Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLJ-5SB] - 1904(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Bothwell (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 434, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Bothwell, 1928); labourer (Melton Mowbray, 1936-1937)
===''BATTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Thomas Battle|Battle, Edmund Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6C8-G32] - 1890(UK)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener) - Electoral Rolls: teamster (Dorrigo, 1913); dairy farmer (Malanda, 1919); sawmill manager (Tumoulin, 1931); sawmiller (Ravenshoe, 1936-1937); timber merchant (Paddington, 1943); sawmiller (Albion, 1949)
===''BATTYE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Sykes Battye|Battye, James Sykes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V7W-HL5] - 1871(Vic)-1954(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - librarian; historian; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, special committee, Western Australian Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: librarian (Perth, 1910-1937); principal librarian (Perth, 1943-1949) - Links: [[w:James Battye|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/battye-james-sykes-5156 ADB]
===''BATY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Baty|Baty, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-BZX] - 1913(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MH Adelaide (Brompton, 1931; Pennington, 1937; Challa Gardens, 1938-1939; Lockleys, 1954-1969; Henley Beach South, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 757, 1931, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 160, 1934; BOCP 242, 1939; 1COCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Franklin, SA, 1941-1943)

===''BAUER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Thomas Bauer|Bauer, Alfred Thomas &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MSCM-QB1] - 1908(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4AT Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1933) &amp; Cairns? - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 333, 1927, No. 36 in Qld; CPRTelephony 1119, 1928; 1COCP 92, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); state public servant (4QG); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 67, 86, 111, 127, 130 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cairns, 1936; Camp Hill, 1937); radio tech (Camp Hill, 1943-1980)

===''BAXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Baxter|Baxter, Sidney or Sydney Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWX9-XWV] - 1915(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FJ Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1935-1939; Coorparoo Heights, 1946-1947; Cribb Island, 1948-1950; Camp Hill, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1569, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); employment (Trittons, radio service); business proprietor (radio service) - Halcyon: p. 76, 137 - Electoral Rolls: truck driver (Camp Hill, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cribb Island, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BEAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Beames|Beames, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NQJ-L17] - 1899(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: N754 Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IB Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Five Dock, 1930-1958; Linden, 1963-1980)

===''BEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Percival Reed Bean|Bean, Leslie Percival Reed]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHWZ-6ZZ] - 1884(Vic)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925); 2LP Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1928; Artarmon, 1929-1936; Pymble, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD (Elec. Engineer, 1904-1919); L. P. R. Bean &amp; Co (founder 1920-1926); Stromberg-Carlson (founder, 1927-1933+); Council IREAust - Electoral Rolls: electrical instrument fitter (Ascot Vale, 1909); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1912-1915; Artarmon, NSW, 1930); company director (Pymble, 1933-1943; Roseville, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Lindfield, 1958-1968)
===''BEARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Gordon Beard|Beard, Ernest Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2G-25R] - 1897(Eng)-1968(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 304, 1939 - broadcast engineer (United Distributors; 2KY; 2GB); inventor; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as consulting engineer, 2GB) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northbridge, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Northbridge, 1936-1937); wireless engineer (Willoughby, 1943-1949); engineer (Forestville, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://www.radiomuseum.org/dsp_hersteller_detail.cfm?company_id=12500 radiomuseum.org]
* [[/Norman George Beard|Beard, Norman George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9G-GSZ] - 1902(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 3DR Receive Balnarring (1922-1923); 2PK Wentworthville (1930); 2ALJ Sydney (Prospect, 1939; Toongabbie, 1946-1954; Brookvale, 1955; Dee Why, 1956-1961); 2ALJ Terrigal (1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 583, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; TVOCP 25, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Pendle Hill, NSW, 1930; Balnarring, Vic, 1931; Prospect, NSW, 1933-1937); RAAF instructor (Ballarat, 1942); teacher (Toongabbie, 1949-1954; Brookvale, 1958); retired (Terrigal, 1963-1972; Wendouree, Vic, 1977; Caves Beach, 1980)
===''BEARUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Andrew Bearup|Bearup, Herbert Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLJ-B1C] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: V740 Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922); 3GT Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Malvern East, 1921-1924; Caulfield East, 1925-1928); farmer (Bentleigh, 1934-1949); engineer (Highett, 1963-1967; Moorabbin, 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Bearup|Bearup, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J7R-T9D] - 1897(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 224, 1916 - studio manager 3LO (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as studio manager, 3LO, Victoria); WW1 (merchant navy) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Caulfield, 1924); radio engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1931-1937); manager (Roseville, NSW, 1943)

===''BEATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Beatson|Beatson, Robert John &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSJV-2D2] - 1909(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4BB Brisbane (Wilston, 1928); 4BB Maryborough (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 394, 1928, No. 44 in Qld; AOLCP 173, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator (WIAQ); broadcast engineer (4MB); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 68, 139, 141, 163, 164 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maryborough, 1931); radiotrician (Maryborough, 1937-1949); radio engineer (Maryborough, 1954-1980)
===''BEATTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Spencer Meurant Beattie|Beattie, Herbert Spencer Meurant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ65-KTL] - 1888(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3DV Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3DV Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Box Hill, Vic, 1914-1927); salesman (Thornleigh, NSW, 1930); electrical engineer (Cheltenham, NSW, 1934-1936); agent (Cabramatta, 1943); auctioneer (Ettalong, 1943); no occupation (Fairfield, NSW, 1954-1958; Flagstaff, NSW, 1963)

===''BECHERVAISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philip Bechervaise|Bechervaise, William Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVNP-4HQ] - 1831(Eng)-1907(Vic) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), employment (Victoria Posts and Telegraphs Department)
===''BECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Beavis Beck|Beck, Alan Beavis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR7-N8Q] - 1911(Vic)-1982(WA) - Licences: 5XW Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 370, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Shenton Park, WA, 1937; Myrtle Bank, SA, 1941-1943); research chemist (Subiaco, 1949-1980)

===''BEDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, Robert Arthur Buddicom]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC5Q-1KX] - 1874(Eng)-1951(SA) - Licences: 5RB Kyancutta (1924-1939; 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kyancutta, 1939-1941); retired (Kyancutta, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/buddicom-robert-arthur-5417 ADB]
* [[/William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, William Rudolf Buddicom &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Y3-X4Z] - 1909(Eng)-1972(SA) - Licences: likely operator of 5RB Kyancutta - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 1893, 1954 - WW2 - Relationships: son of 5RB Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kyancutta, 1939-1943)

===''BEECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Sidney Beech|Beech, Frederick Sidney or Sydney &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-6BC] - 1895(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4FB Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1930-1939; Norman Park, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 629, 1930, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; jeweller - Halcyon: p. 75, 76, 90 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Bulimba, 1917-1919; Coorparoo, 1919-1972; Norman Park, 1977)
===''BEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Beer|Beer, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CW Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923); 2CW Sydney (Ashfield, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: too many JBs to identify reliably, likely James Charles Beer living 70 Tranmere St, Drummoyne, engineer, 1930

===''BEGBIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Begbie|Begbie, Richard]] - historian (broadcasting), journalist, radio clubs (HRSA)

===''BELJON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robin Ernest Beljon|Beljon, Robin Ernest &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-VR3] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2RB Lithgow (1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 259, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lithgow, 1930-1934); turner (Lithgow, 1937-1943); foreman (Lithgow, 1949-1968); retired (Lithgow, 1972)
===''BELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Wirgman Dillon Bell|Bell, Francis Wirgman Dillon &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7QW-CM4] - 1896(NZ)-1987(NZ) - ZL4AA Waihemo, amateur operator, first to 2 way QSO New Zealand to Australia (Apr 1923), South America, USA (Sep 1924), England (Oct 1924, G2SZ); WW1 (gunner, France &amp; Belgium till invalided 1917) - Relationships: brother of Margaret Brenda Bell, first licensed female NZ amateur - Links: [https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4b20/bell-francis-wirgman-dillon Bio]; [https://www.soundarchives.co.nz/collections/catalogue/catalogue-item?record_id=222015 Sound Archives]; [https://www.zl4aa.org.nz/frank-bell-trans-world-radio-contact/ NZART Otago]
* [[/H. G. Bell|Bell, H. G.]] - 19??-19?? - 4HG Brisbane (South Toowong = Taringa, 1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 321, 1927, No. 33 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 111 - Callsign: later to Harry Brown - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Leslie William Gordon Bell|Bell, Leslie William Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-RQ5] - 1904(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4CY Receive Atherton (1923); 4LZ Jubilee Pocket (1969-1975); 4LZ Airlie Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4471, 1967, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Danbulla via Atherton, 1925-1928); farmer (Jubilee Pocket via Proserpine, 1954-1980)
* [[/Victor Frank Bell|Bell, Victor Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-FZ7] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6KR Perth (Subiaco, 1932-1933); 6KR Kalgoorlie (1937-1939); 6KR Perth (Nedlands, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 907, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1936); postal assistant (Leonora, WA, 1937); radio engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1937); telephone mechanic (Lamington, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1954)
* [[/Vincent Stephanus Bell|Bell, Vincent Stephanus &quot;Vince&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-W8G] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4VD Rockhampton (Rockhampton City, 1936-1937; Wandal, 1938-1939, 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1496, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; employed electrical business - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1936); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, Qld, 1937-1980)

===''BELSTEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Lempriere Belstead|Belstead, Roy Lempriere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1GN-CQF] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4EI Townsville (1933-1939); 4RU Winton (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1182, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 304, 1940; 1COCP 420, 1940; TVOCP 87, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, Townsville ARC); state public servant (Qld Railways); broadcast technician (2KY); business proprietor (Belstead Electronic Repairs, Winton) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hyde Park, Qld, 1931-1937); radio technician (Dee Why, NSW, 1943; Auburn, NSW, 1949; Lidcombe, NSW, 1958-1963; Auburn, NSW, 1972); retired (Winton, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Bennett|Bennett, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNP-GFM] - 1889(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager 2GB Sydney; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 2GB, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Mosman, 1930-1931); director (Mosman, 1933; Vaucluse, 1936); inspector (Darling Point, 1943); investor (West Pennant Hills, 1949); retired (Vaucluse, 1954-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bennett-alfred-edward-5207 ADB]
* [[/Clarence Herbert Bennett|Bennett, Clarence Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK1H-GMF] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 449, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, 1909-1963); retired (Brunswick, 1968-1972)
===''BENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Francis Wattis Bent|Bent, Arthur Francis Wattis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVG-5V7] - 1902(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3AF Geelong (1924-1939, 1946-1960); 3AF Torquay (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 199, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio dealer (Geelong, 1931-1954) - Electoral Rolls: turner (14 Coronation St, Geelong West, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Geelong, 1928-1954); radio serviceman (Torquay, 1963-1980)
===''BENTLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Ernest Bentley|Bentley, Frank Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93F-NPZ] - 1902(India)-1973(SA) - Licences: 5MK Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1931-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 833, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BENTZEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Louis Bentzen|Bentzen, Ivan Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4X-6P4] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4SS Brisbane (Newstead, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 964, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Bulimba, Qld, 1929); mechanic (Valley, Qld, 1936); carpenter (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1949); garage proprietor (Lutwyche, Qld, 1954); carpenter (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BERGIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Thomas Bergin|Bergin, John Thomas &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGP-GNM] - 1911(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5JB Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1364, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Max Wulfing Bergin|Bergin, Max Wulfing]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXQ1-QLP] - 1900(NSW)-1983(Cook Isls) - Licences: 2YP Receive West Maitland (1923); 2YP West Maitland (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ingham Berry|Berry, Arthur Ingham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WB6-6F5] - 1914(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1954; East Malvern, 1955-1956); 3CZ Warburton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 595, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Hawthorn, 1936-1937); architect (Kew North, 1943-1954); farmer (Warburton, 1963-1977)
* [[/Harold Alexander Berry|Berry, Harold Alexander &quot;Huck&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G869-8R6] - 1906(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (City, 1923); Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5JU Adelaide (City, 1930-1931; Keswick, 1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Kilburn, 1946-1975)  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 666, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: polisher (Kilburn, 1943)
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Berry|Berry, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG2-X6J] - 1906(NSW)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5DB Adelaide (Norwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1315, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Robert Henry Berry|Berry, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G342-ZR6] - 18??(???)-1971(Qld) - Licences: XQC Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; electrical business proprietor - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Rockhampton, 1912-1925); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, 1928-1968)
* [[/William Clive Berry|Berry, William Clive &quot;Clive&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBT5-3L8] - 1912(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Knockrow via Bangalow (1931-1936); 2AGM Byron Bay (1938-1938, 1946-1955); 2AGM Lismore (1956-1957); 2AGM Mullumbimby (1958-1960); 2AGM Byron Bay (1961-1965) - Qualifications: AOLCP 30, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 302, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Knockrow, 1933-1936); woodworker (Byron Bay, 1943-1954); contractor (Ballina, 1958); no occupation (Mullumbimby, 1958); manager (Byron Bay, 1963)
* [[/William James Berry|Berry, William James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D1-B78] - 1890(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4WB Brisbane (Yeerongpilly, 1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1295, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; instrument repairer - Comment: Several contemporaneous William James Berry's in Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1958-1963); mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1972-1980) -

===''BERTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Louis Bertram|Bertram, William Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDBP-NGS] - 1901(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: V738 Receive Rushworth (1922); 3GR Receive Rushworth (1922); 2KR Sydney (Waverley, 1929) - Qualifications: CPRT 920, 1926; 2COCP 97, 1930; 1COCP 34, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Rushworth, 1922; Brunswick, 1924-1928); telegraphist (Brunswick, 1931-1942); telephonist (Brunswick, 1949-1963); retired (Frankston, 1967-1980)
===''BESTED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julius Phillip Bested|Bested, Julius Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ6V-YSQ] - 1907(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Rose Park, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Salisbury, 1937-1939); 5CS Peterborough (1947-1948); 5CS Adelaide (Richmond, 1954-1960; Cumberland Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1995, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Salisbury, SA, 1939-1941)

===''BIBBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Cyril Bibby|Bibby, Frederick Cyril &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH58-5XF] - 1911(Tas)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3OL Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1939; Camberwell, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 681, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 38, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Camberwell, 1943-1968); operator (Camberwell, 1972-1980)
===''BINNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Binns|Binns, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-XTD] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - 2IE Receive Sydney (Kogarah, 1922), 2BJ Sydney (Kogarah, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 46, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''BIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Scorer Bird|Bird, Henry Scorer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWH-FTC] - 1902(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HB Melbourne (Sunshine, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Sunshine, 1924-1927); Government employee (Camberwell, 1928-1963); nil (Ashwood, 1968-1972) - Comment: 3HB callsign passed to Sunshine Radio Club 1924-1927 (prominent amateur broadcaster)
* [[/Leslie James Bird|Bird, Leslie James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6X2-N4N] - 1897(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Armidale, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Armidale, 1930-1935; Wellington, 1937); civil servant (Homebush, 1943) 
===''BISCHOFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Conrad Bischoff|Bischoff, William Edward Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YT-QB7] - 1911(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2LZ Sydney (Crows Nest, 1930-1937); 2LZ Wentworth Falls (1938-1939, 1946-1969); 2AKM Wentworth Falls (Portable, 1939); 2LZ Sydney (Naremburn, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 568, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 12, 1936; TVOCP, 346, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Naremburn, 1933-1937); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1943); radio technician (Wentworth Falls, 1949-1958); tele. engineer (Naremburn, 1963); engineer (Naremburn, 1972-1980)
===''BISHOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Elijah Bishop|Bishop, Clarence Elijah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKZ9-G7S] - 1896(WA)-1971(WA) - Licences: 6DD Receive Albany (1923); 6DD Albany (1923-1924); 6DD Northam (1924); 6LL Katanning (1936-1939); 6LL Perth (Claremont, 1948-1954; East Victoria Park, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1746, 1936, WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albany, WA, 1922); accountant (Katanning, WA, 1925-1937); clerk (Nedlands, WA, 1943-1954; Victoria Park, WA, 1958-1968)
* [[/Frederick Edward Bishop|Bishop, Frederick Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS3-GZQ] - 1882(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2FB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Kirribilli, 1930-1931); grazier (Mullaley, Gunnedah, 1935-1949)
* [[/Maurice Glanville Bishop| Bishop, Maurice Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDP-SVD] - 1908(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Middle Park, Vic, 1931); bank officer (Middle Park, 1935); bank clerk (Bank of NSW Quarters, Ouyen, 1936-1937); bank officer (Hawthorn, 1942-1949; Nelson, Tas, 1954)

===''BLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. C. Black|Black, F. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None identified to date - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 297, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: awaits identification, Port Lincoln, SA in 1926
* [[/William Hector Black|Black, William Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8J2-TCS] - 1912(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3WB Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939); 2WO Sydney (Mosman, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 663, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); bacteriologist (Mosman, 1943-1963); biochemist (Darlinghurst, 1968-1972)

===''BLACKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Howbery Blackman|Blackman, Herbert Howbery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2M-65N] - 1886(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: XOE Melbourne (East Malvern, 1913); 3PR Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923); 3PR Melbourne (East Malvern, 1924-1925); 3HA Melbourne (East Malvern, 1926-1927); 3HU Melbourne (Ashburton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 211, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1909); mechanic (East Malvern, 1913-1916); soldier (Royal Park, 1917-1919); electrician (East Malvern, 1922-1928); mechanic (Burwood, 1931-1968)
* [[/W. T. Blackburn|Blackburn, W. T.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Home Hill (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Searched William, Walter, Wilfred - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BLADES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alfred Blades|Blades, Ronald Alfred &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCS-L77] - 1916(Qld)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 4RX Toowoomba (1936-1939); 2VP Sydney (Haberfield, 1946-1947; Ashfield, 1948-1950; Dundas, 1954-1955); 2VP Melbourne (Blackburn, 1956); 2VP Sydney (Balgowlah, 1957-1969; Seaforth, 1975; Dee Why, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1775, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 615, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); broadcast technician (AWA) - Comment: Two Ronald Alfred Blades born in Qld 1916, 4RX 27/3/1916 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1949; Dundas, NSW, 1954; Balgowlah, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1977)

===''BLAIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Andrew William Blair|Blair, Keith Andrew William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK4S-ZXY] - 1911(Vic)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2DX Balranald (1930-1934); 2DX Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1937); 2DX Bega (1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 699, 1930, Vic; BOCP 276, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Balranald, 1932-1935; Randwick, 1936-1937; Bega, 1937); bank officer (Queanbeyan, 1949-1980) 
===''BLAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leslie Gilbert Blake|Blake, Robert Leslie Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L831-ZLW] - 1888(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3RG Castlemaine (1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 484, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Castlemaine, 1912-1919); house furn. (Castlemaine, 1924-1949)
===''BLANCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Henry Blanchard|Blanchard, George Edward Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV2-B4S] - 1899(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DN Sydney (Newtown, 1922-1926; Hurlstone Park, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 195, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Earlwood, 1930-1980)
===''BLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Bland|Bland, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-4RP] - 1902(India)-1955(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Alberton, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Alberton, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 765, 1923 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio manufacturer (Tusmore, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BLUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Blue|Blue, Harry William]] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - 2YI Liverpool (1933), 2YI Albury (1934-1936), 9KO Rabaul (1937), 2YI Broken Hill (1938-1939), 2YI Sydney (Kingsford, 1946; Auburn, 1947-1980+, amateur operator (AOCP 1034, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, A.A.M.S.
===''BLUNDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Verge Blunden|Blunden, Godfrey Verge]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNG-22L] - 1906(Vic)-1996(France) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Wireless Weekly (editor, 1930s) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (North Sydney, 1930; East Sydney, 1933-1936)
* [[/Leon Walter Blunden|Blunden, Leon Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KT-SMV] - 1914(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5BH Adelaide (Firle, 1935-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1535, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Douglas Boast|Boast, Harold Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2VW-3D4] - 1906(Eng)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3AX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1939); 3AX Lubeck (1946-1969); 3AX Melbourne (Frankston, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 404, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 55, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Elsternwick, 1931-1936); radio engineer (3LK Lubeck, 1942-1968); retired (Frankston, 1972-1977)
===''BOILEAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Boileau|Boileau, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-HLQ] - 1893(SA)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4JT Port Moresby (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Byron Bay, NSW, 1943-1954)

===''BOLGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Joseph Bolger|Bolger, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-VDD] - 1867(Irl)-1941(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Deputy Director of Navigation, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: master mariner (Williamstown, 1914-1917); public servant (Elsternwick, 1919); master mariner (Elsternwick, 1931-1937)

===''BOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Francis Bond|Bond, Rupert Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZHS-QB3] - 1886(Vic)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rockhampton, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1912-1937; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''BONGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gysbert Sheldon Bongers|Bongers, Gysbert Sheldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7F9-DXK] - 1900(NSW)-1948(NSW) - Licences: N745 Receive Sydney (1922-1923); 2HY Sydney (Rockdale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Rockdale, 1930-1935; Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1937); engineer (Woollahra, 1943)

===''BONNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Coleman Bonner|Bonner, Alfred Coleman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MV14-MTM] - 1854(Tas)-1930(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Legana (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914-1922); no occupation (Legana, 1928)
===''BONNERUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Madsen Bonnerup|Bonnerup, Peter Madsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F5-RC8] - 1890(Tas?)-1976(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as patent attorney, WA) - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Nedlands, 1922; South Perth, 1925-1972) - Links: [https://www.carnamah.com.au/bio/peter-madsen-bonnerup Bio]
===''BONNINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Archibald Bonnington|Bonnington, John Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Y-1JP] - 1909(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931); 2AKB Sydney (Avalon Beach, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 569, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3AirOCP 16, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Broken Hill, 1931); engineer (Woollahra, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); air pilot (Avalon Beach, 1949-1963)
===''BONWILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Warren Bonwill|Bonwill, Edward Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J35-NNV] - 1869(USA)-1945(NSW) - Licences: XBP Sydney (1912-1914); 2CA Receive Cowra (1922); 2CA Cowra (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Barellan, 1930; Cowra, 1934-1937; Lithgow, 1937-1943)

===''BOTTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Botten|Botten, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-8QJ] - 1895(SA)-1973(???) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (CBD, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930); radio manager (Darlinghurst, 1933-1936); manager (Darlinghurst, 1937-1958)

===''BOUCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Reid Bouchard|Bouchard, Victor John Reid &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93B-52C] - 1897(Qld)-1936(Qld) - 4BY Receive Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur club administrator - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Auchenflower, 1921-1926); clerk (Buranda, 1928)
===''BOULTBEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Walker Boultbee|Boultbee, Kenneth Walker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMWB-1Q4] - 1905(Tas)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: agent (Taringa, Qld, 1928-1958; Corinda, Qld, 1963-1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Broadbeach, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BOUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Boundy|Boundy, George Henry]] - 1866(Vic)-1932(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), early wireless experimenter, radio clubs (WIQ), state public servant (P&amp;TQ, engineer), federal public servant (PMGD, engineer)

===''BOURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Bourke|Bourke, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V734 Receive Yarck (1922); Receive 3GP Yarck (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BOURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Frederick Bourne|Bourne, Francis Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX55-9GM] - 1916(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5BU Adelaide (Unley, 1935-1939; Wayville, 1947; Malvern, 1948-1954; Blackwood, 1955-1965; Belair, 1969); 5BU Keith (1975); 5BU Naracoorte (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1593, 1935, SA; 2COCP 1282, 1953; 1COCP 1722, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Germain Bowden|Bowden, Eric James Germain]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7T7-YC2] - 1894(Tas)-1984(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD Wireless Inspector, Hobart, 1920s &amp; 1930s; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as equipment engineer, PMGD, Tas) - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: junior assistant engineer (Hobart North, 1922); engineer (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Frank Prosser Bowden|Bowden, Frank Prosser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MP-G4L] - 1860(Tas)-1934(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, Tas PMGD, Federal PMGD - Relationships: father of Eric James Germain Bowden and John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1928)
* [[/John Gibson Bowden|Bowden, John Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJZ-V69] - 1906(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified  - employee of Medhurst Electrical - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of Eric James Germain Bowden - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1928); electrical mechanic (New Town, 1936-1937); engineer (Nelson, 1943-1963)
* [[/Ronald Stanley Bowden|Bowden, Ronald Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQGS-F9R] - 1900(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albion, Qld, 1921); car driver (Wilston, Qld, 1934); car proprietor (Newmarket, Qld, 1936-1943); store keeper (Urangan, Qld, 1949-1954); farmer (Mundubbera, Qld, 1958-1963); retired (Urangan, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BOWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Keith Bowen|Bowen, Harold Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-7SZ] - 1913(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5KB Adelaide (Maylands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1049, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Tranmere, SA, 1943)
* [[/Joseph La Venture Bowen|Bowen, Joseph La Venture or Laventure]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPP-MLB] - 1917(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4LB Brisbane (Hamilton, 1935-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1445, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1958); public servant (Kedron, Qld, 1963)
===''BOWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Nigel Bowman|Bowman, Hubert Nigel &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4PT-FY3] - 1908(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FM Adelaide (Payneham, 1932-1933; Royston Park, 1937; Payneham, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Mitcham, 1954-1956); 5FM Crystal Brook (1960); 5FM Bridgewater (1965-1980+); 5FN Portable (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 911, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 259, 1939; BOCP 282, 1940; 1COCP 354, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Boyd|Boyd, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-VM7] - 1897(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XNO Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EL Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3EL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1924-1925; Caulfield, 1925-1927; Elwood, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 104, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio engineer (3UZ, 1920s); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1924); manager (Caulfield, 1926-1928); engineer (Elsternwick, 1931-1937); electrician (St Kilda, 1949-1963); retired (Caulfield, 1967-1977)

===''BRADBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. J. Bradbury|Bradbury, B. J.]] - abt 1887(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''BRADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Keith Bradford|Bradford, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-VC5] - 1912(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4KK Millmerran (1936-1939, 1947-1975); 4KK Drillham (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1750, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Millmerran, Qld, 1934-1937); farmer (Millmerran, Qld, 1943-1954); radio dealer (Millmerran, Qld, 1958-1968); farmer (Drillham, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Richard Bradford|Bradford, John Richard]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief electrical engineer, Qld, PMGD)

===''BRADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Randell Bradley|Bradley, Frank Randell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G973-F7P] - 1884(SA)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3ZK Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1930); 2JB Sydney (Mosman, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2, 1924, No. 1 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, Superintendant Telegraphs Vic, 1928; Deputy PMG Qld; NSW); historian (telegraphs) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Sandringham, Vic, 1914-1924; Mosman, NSW, 1933-1943); no occupation (Killara, NSW, 1954-1963)
===''BRAGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Bragg|Bragg, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFQ-9N6] - 1862(Eng)-1942(Eng) - Early wireless experimenter, academic (University of Adelaide, 1885-1908), physicist, chemist, mathematician, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his son William Lawrence Bragg, son-in-law of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:William Henry Bragg|Wikipedia]]
* [[/William Lawrence Bragg|Bragg, William Lawrence &quot;Lawrence&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWXT-CLR] - 1890(SA)-1971(Eng) - participated as a youth in his father's early wireless experiments, academic (University of Adelaide), physicist, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his father William Henry Bragg, grandson of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:Lawrence Bragg|Wikipedia]]
===''BRAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. F. Brain|Brain, S. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZD Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: likely related XFR V. J. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/V. J. Brain|Brain, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XFR Sydney (Ashfield, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: likely related 2ZD S. F. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRAMLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Alfred Bramley|Bramley, John Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorayne Branch|Branch, Lorayne]] - Living - author (&quot;Henry Sutton, The Innovative Man&quot;), historian (Henry Sutton)
===''BRANDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Frank Brandon|Brandon, Eric Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPK-2ZY] - 1907(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5FB Wilmington (1933-1939); 5FB Adelaide (Prospect, 1948); 5FA Oodnadatta (1965); 5FA Ramco (1969-1975); 5FA Adelaide (Blair Athol, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1145, 1933, SA; 2COCP 140, 1938; 1COCP 183, 1938; BOCP 201, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BRANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Mervyn Branks|Branks, Albert Mervyn &quot;Merv&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-88K] - 1906(NZ)-1978(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1920s to 1970s, DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tribute]

===''BREDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wynne Steere Breden|Breden, Wynne Steere]] - 1900(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Rx Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923), 2WS Newcastle (Newcastle, 1924-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 9, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, shipyard business
===''BREMERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Frederick Bremerman|Bremerman, Harold Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-QWC] - 1903(Eng)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Aspley (1955-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1267, 1934, Qld; COCP (Eng) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (WIAQ, Life Member; Brisbane DX Club); employment (electrician, Courier Mail, Besley &amp; Pike, Mt. Olivett Hospital); pilot; UK Merchant Navy 1920s - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Albion, Qld, 1928); mechanic (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Aspley, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BRENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan James Brennan|Brennan, Allan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TR-SNJ] - 1887(Vic)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 31, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BREWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip John Brewer|Brewer, Phillip or Philip John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVKH-MNW] - 1900(WA)-1948(SA) - Licences: 5JA Adelaide (Parkside, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 269, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Parkside, 1939-1943)

===''BRIDGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Bridger|Bridger, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85V-2YT] - 1885(UK)-1941(NT) - Licences: 4AP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4AP Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer; public servant; WW1 (2nd Aust Flying Squadron, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West Perth, 1914); consulting engineer (Auchenflower, 1925); poultry farmer (Geebung, 1928); engineer (Armadale, 1934-1937) - Directories: electrical engineer (Adelaide, 1915; Melbourne, 1917-1921; Brisbane, 1923-1927; Adelaide, 1930) 
===''BRIDGES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Claud Bridges|Bridges, Frank John Claud or Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHRF-XHR] - 1885(NZ)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 141, 1915; 2COCP 182, 1930; 1COCP 279, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Esperance, 1921-1949); retired (Esperance, 1958-1963)

===''BRIGGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Robert Briggs|Briggs, Donald Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5B-1TN] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (Walkerville, 1935-1939; Henley Beach, 1947; South Plympton, 1954-19600; 5HB Adelaide (Morphett Vale, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1490, 1935, SA; 2COCP 413, 1941; BOCP 373, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939)

===''BRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Herbert Bright|Bright, William Henry Herbert &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQH-GSX] - 1898(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Spark; 4FA Toowoomba (1923); 4AA Toowoomba (1924-1925); 4WB Toowoomba (1925-1927); 4OO Toowoomba (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 123, 1925, No. 13 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: callsign 4AA withdrawn by PMGD for their use - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toowoomba, 1919-1943); clerk (Toowoomba, 1949); mechanic (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)

===''BRIMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Campbell Brimble|Brimble, Charles Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5L-9GH] - 1915(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5CB Adelaide (Somerton, 1935-1939, 1947-1948; Somerton Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1446, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Somerton, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BRIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Marcus John Gordon Brims|Brims, Marcus John Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZWB-S11] - 1888(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: XQA Mareeba (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; business proprietor (plywood &amp; veneer manufacture) - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Mareeba, 1912-1913); foreman joiner (Milton, 1921); timber merchant (Milton, 1925-1931); plywood manufacturer (Annerley, 1937-1958); business manager (Annerley, 1963-1980)

===''BRISTOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morrison Bristow|Bristow, John Morrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPL-DLJ] - 1908(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZX Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 243, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: advertising manager (Neutral Bay, 1930-1935); manager (Gordon, 1937-1943); company manager (Pymble, 1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954-1980)

===''BROCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Edward Earl Brock|Brock, Hector Edward Earl]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VQL-BTC] - 1902(Vic)-1962(SA) - Licences: 3ZC Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924); 5DP Adelaide  (North Adelaide, 1924-1927; Malvern, 1927-1938); 5UZ Adelaide (Fullarton, 1954-1956; Nailsworth, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 25, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; University of Adelaide (Demonstrator &amp; Technical Assistant, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1924); no occupation (Malvern, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BROINOWSKI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leopold Thomas Broinowski|Broinowski, Leopold Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6FR-SMR] - 1871(Vic)-1937(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Hobart Mercury, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1914-1937)

===''BROOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilberforce Henry Liddon Brooke|Brooke, Wilberforce Henry Liddon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB61-69T] - 1891(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Terrigal (1930-1936); 2BR Dora Creek (1937-1939, 1946-1958); 2BR Paterson (1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 638, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Jerry's Plains, 1930; Terrigal, 1931-1937; Dora Creek, 1954-1958; Paterson, 1963-1968)
===''BROOKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Brookes|Brookes, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSJ-GV6] - 1911(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BA Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, 1938-1939; Wooloowin, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1641, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1954); waterside Worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1958)

===''BROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Milton Brooks|Brooks, Albert Henry Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT1Q-DVK] - 1901(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5KG Adelaide (Grange, 1933-1939; Croydon, 1946-1960+); 5AH Adelaide (Ridleton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1170, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Croydon, 1939); railway employee (Croydon, 1941-1943) - Relationships: likely related to 7JB John Vickery Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks
* [[/John Vickery Brooks|Brooks, John Vickery &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHXL-RK8] - 1905(SA)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 37, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer; originally from Adelaide - Relationships: likely related to 5KG Albert Henry Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart South, 1928; Malvern, Vic, 1954-1980)

===''BROOMHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Broomhall|Broomhall, Charles Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7NZ-2SV] - 1891(Vic)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 729, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geraldton, 1916); mechanic (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925; Canning Bridge, 1931-1937; Applecross, 1943-1954); retired (Bickley, 1958-1963)

===''BROWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan George Brown|Brown, Alan George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G849-43Y] - 1909(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3CX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1937; Upper Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Canterbury, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 446, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931); public servant (Auburn, 1936-1937); RAAF (St Kilda North, 1943); civil servant (Auburn, 1949); clerk (Deepdene, 1954; Camberwell North, 1963-1968)
* [[/Alan Weymouth Brown|Brown, Alan Weymouth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSKH-1N5] - 1902(Tas)-1938(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Listeners' League, Hobart (assistant secretary); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Assistant Secretary, Listeners' League, Hobart, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Alfred Louis Brown|Brown, Alfred Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQV-4SS] - 1885(Eng)-1971(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as general manager, 5CL, SA) - Electoral Rolls: instrument maker (Claremont, WA, 1910); optician (Applecross, 1916-1917); director (Kew, Vic, 1926); engineer (Cottesloe, 1936-1937)
* [[/Bruce Kevin Brown|Brown, Bruce Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S4-CV1] - 1920(Tas)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 7QZ Launceston (1937-1939); 2AQZ Sydney (Meadowbank, 1954-1969; Annangrove, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1942, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 303, 1940; 1COCP 492, 1941; TVOCP 1014, 1968 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Meadowbank, 1943-1968); technician (Annangrove, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Clarence Roy Brown|Brown, Clarence Roy]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - founder of 5KA Class B Adelaide; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 5KA, SA) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Clifford Walter Brown|Brown, Clifford Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCV5-M8M] - 1906(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6CB Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 640, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Subiaco, 1931-1937); traveller (Nedlands, 1943-1963); business manager (Wembley, 1968); manager (Morley, 1972; Dianella, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Makepeace Brown|Brown, Frank Makepeace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H5-2M5] - 1911(WA)-2006(WA) - Licences: 6FB Mullewa (1939; 1946-1948); 6FB Bassendean (1954-1960); 6FB Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969; Rossmoyne, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 2375, 1939, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Northam, 1936; Bassendean, 1943); civil servant (Mullewa, 1949); telephone technician (Bassendean, 1954-1963); civil servant (Doubleview, 1968-1972); telephone technician (Rossmoyne, 1977-1980)
* [[/George D. Brown|Brown, George D.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-JFD] - 1875(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DB Brisbane (Ascot, Qld, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1970, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous GBs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Percy Brown|Brown, Harry Percy &quot;Horsepower&quot;, &quot;Poo Bah&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1R8-R1W] - 1878(Eng)-1967(NSW) - senior federal public servant (Director-General, Posts and Telegraphs); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Secretary, PMGD) - Links: [[w:Harry Brown (public servant)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brown-sir-harry-percy-5384 ADB]; [https://telegramsaustralia.com/Forms/Special%20developments/People/Brown.html Telegrams Australia]
* [[/Hector Mervyn Brown|Brown, Hector Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9TY-HSC] - 1906(NSW)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5MB Adelaide (Torrensville, 1927-1928; Southwark, 1931-1933, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 345, 1927, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 402 1932; 1COCP 333, 1933) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BH, 1937), PMGD SA (mechanic, retired 1940) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1937), engineer (Thebarton, 1941-1943)
* [[/Herbert George Brown|Brown, Herbert George &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5BH-NGV] - 1887(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4BH Booval (1928-1930); 4HG Booval (1931); 4HG Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 4BH Brisbane (Graceville, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 455, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (Ipswich); railways employee - Callsign: withdrawn for 4BH Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ipswich, Qld, 1925; Redbank, Qld, 1929)
* [[/Herbert Rufus Brown|Brown, Herbert Rufus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HL-T23] - 1894(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3NN Receive Yanac (1923); 3NN Yanac (1924-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 271, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Yanac, 1919-1977)
* [[/J. R. Brown|Brown, J. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Southport (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James McGladdery Brown|Brown, James McGladdery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW18-TCK] - 1882(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4BJ Aramac (1929-1933); 4BJ Rockhampton (1937); 4BJ Bundaberg (1947-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 480, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: porter (Rockhampton, 1905); station master (Finch Hatton, 1913); labourer (Mackay, 1919);  motor car proprietor (Baralaba, Mt Morgan, 1925); guard (Aramac, 1928-1937); retired (Maryborough, 1954-1963; Ascot, 1963) - Relationships: father of Victor James Caldwell Brown, the likely actual amateur operator
* [[/John Henry Shadwell Brown|Brown, John Henry Shadwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-7M4] - 1897(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2JK Sydney (Botany, 1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 926, 1926; 1COCP 154, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Botany, 1930-1958)
* [[/Joseph Brown|Brown, Joseph &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQH2-YSM] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Hobart (Battery Point, 1934-1939; New Town, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1255, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 5, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (7ZL, Hobart TV); public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Battery Point, 1936-1937); civil servant (New Town, 1943-1972)
* [[/Leonard Austin Brown|Brown, Leonard Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX21-FFX] - 1915(Vic)-1957(SA) - Licences: 3OP Melbourne (Camberwell, 1931-1933); 5OP Adelaide (Eastwood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 814, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, Vic, 1936; Eastwood, SA, 1939; Unley Park, SA, 1941)
* [[/Robert Brown|Brown, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart Central, 1919; Moonah, 1928); fitter (Hobart North, 1958)
* [[/Victor James Caldwell Brown|Brown, Victor James Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBKS-2T7] - 1907(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - Qualifications: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: wardsman (Aramac, 1928); guard (Aramac, 1930); baker (Rockhampton, 1936); radio mechanic (Barcaldine, 1943; Bundaberg, 1949-1963) - Relationships: son of James McGladdery Brown - note electoral roll addresses for Victor James precisely align with 4BJ addresses whereas those for James McGladdery do not
* [[/William Francis Brown|Brown, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-4DL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BB Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3BB Melbourne (Richmond, 1937); 9BB Wau, New Guinea (1938); 2ANP Sydney (Bundeena, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 704, 1930, Vic; 2COCP 92, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Richmond, 1937) - Comment: many contemporaneous WFBs

===''BROWNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Vincent Browne|Browne, Robert John Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLZ-BY6] - 1907(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4RB Brisbane (Toowong, 1925-1939; New Farm, 1946-1956; Dorrington, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 92, 1925, No. 10 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Clevedon, 4QN, 1943); technician (New Farm, 1949-1954); teacher (Dorrington, 1958-1968)

===''BROWNLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Frank Brownless|Brownless, Sidney Frank &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-M5S] - 1915(Eng)-1995(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); military (WW2, RAF, radar research); clubs &amp; societies (IREE); author (&quot;The Sharing of Television Channels&quot;, ABCB, 1973 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Albert Park, 1954-1980)

===''BRUCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Bruce|Bruce, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPX-XN9] - 1913(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5GB Adelaide (Prospect, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1925, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Arthur Bruce|Bruce, Robert Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR18-SKL] - 1900(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5BJ Adelaide (Glenelg, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 357, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenelg, 1939-1943)
* [[/Robert William Bruce|Bruce, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTC-Z1J] - 1899(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926-1928; East Malvern, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 283, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1926; Malvern East, 1931-1967)

===''BRUNSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Thomas Brunsden|Brunsden, Herbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NR-JJR] - 1909(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: 2BX Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 649, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 258, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Leichhardt, 1930-1937) - Comment: Gone too soon

===''BRYCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ramsay Auld Bryce|Bryce, Ramsay Auld]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH9T-FL2] - 1914(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AB Ipswich (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4AB Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1954-1969); 4AC Portable Ipswich (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1935, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (North Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio serviceman (North Ipswich, Qld, 1943); theatre proprietor (Palm Beach, Qld, 1949); showman (Palm Beach, Qld, 1954-1958); projectionist (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1972)

===''BRYSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royal William Bryson|Bryson, Royal William &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ9P-5KJ] - 1886(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: XJJ Melbourne (Richmond, 1913); 3JM Receive Melbourne (Kew, 1922-1923); 3JM Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 50, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Richmond, 1914-1916); electrical fitter (Kew, 1919-1937); electrician (Croydon, 1943-1954)

===''BUCHANAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thomas Oswald Buchanan|Buchanan, Norman Thomas Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84K-B7C] - 1912(Qld)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 2NB Sydney (Manly, 1928-1939); 2ANB Sydney (Bondi, 1948; Kingsford, 1950); 3AND Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1954; Rosanna, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 466, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Manly, 1934-1935); sound engineer (Manly, 1936); engineer (North Sydney, 1943; Heidelberg, 1954-1963; Rosanna, 1968; Heidelberg, 1972; Rosanna, 1977); retired (Castlemaine, 1980)
===''BUCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hector Buck|Buck, Albert Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-PC3] - 1905(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3TM Receive Melbourne (Albert Park, 1923); 3TM Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1924-1926; Glenferrie, 1927; East Preston, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933-1937); 3TM Terang (1938-1939); 3TM Shepparton (1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 138, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: father of 3ZMX &amp; 3AAD Edwin David Buck, don't confuse with Albert Thomas Buck (Qld) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenferrie, 1927-1928); mechanic (Glenferrie, 1931; Hawthorn, 1937); electrician (Terang, 1943)
* [[/Albert Thomas Buck|Buck, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Z9K-CXG] - 1892(Eng)-1973(Eng) - Licences: 4CW Receive Brisbane (Geebung, 1923); 4CW Brisbane (Geebung, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 281, 1926, No. 24 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Kedron, 1931-1934); wireless mechanic (Summer Hill, 1933) - don't confuse with 3TM Albert Hector Buck
* [[/Edwin David Buck|Buck, Edwin David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNC-4JQ] - 1929(Vic)-2010(Vic) - 3ZMX Melbourne (Thornbury, 1965-1969, 3AAD Melbourne (Thornbury, 1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), son of 3TM Albert Hector Buck
===''BUCKERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Buckerfield|Buckerfield, Sidney Roy &quot;Buck&quot; &amp; &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGS-S7N] - 1904(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5DA Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5DA Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Evandale, 1928-1931; Knoxville, 1933-1939; St Morris, 1947-1948+); 5DA Crystal Brook (1954-1956); 5DA Adelaide (Brighton Gardens, 1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 32, 1924, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 163, 1938; 1COCP 1557, 1950 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (5DN, 5CK, 5DR, 5AN, 5ABCFM); public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Knoxville, 1939)

===''BUGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Robert Bugg|Bugg, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-Q8K] - 1918(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 11, 1936, Vic -  - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Geelong, 1942)

===''BUILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Builder|Builder, Geoffrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM6S-FBL] - 1906(WA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - physicist; radio engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: observer (Magnetic Observatory, Watheroo, 1931; physicist (Haberfield, 1935; Ashfield, 1937; Burwood, NSW, 1943-1958) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/builder-geoffrey-9617 ADB]

===''BULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Bull|Bull, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB9W-CFP] - 1904(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4MA Brisbane (Fairfield, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1674, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Stones Corner, Qld, 1926-1928; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1934; Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); military forces (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1963)
* [[/J. F. Bull|Bull, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FH Mackay (-1949-1967+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), associate member I.R.E. Aust.
===''BULLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Bulling|Bulling, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Y9-S95] - 1914(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5KX Adelaide (Grange, 1935-1939; Kirkcaldy, 1947-1954; Kings Park, 1955-1975); 5KX Wasleys (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1527, 1935, SA; BOCP 166, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Kirkcaldy, 1939-1943)

===''BULLIVANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Bullivant|Bullivant, William Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJK-X8B] - 1908(NSW)-1985(NSW) - 2PR Receive Albury (1923-1924), 2WB Albury (1925-1930), 2WB West Wyalong (1931-1934), 2BC Sydney (Bondi, 1946-1950; Bellevue Hill, 1954-1969; Kingsford, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 167, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 319, 1940), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk (West Wyalong, 1932), telegraphist (Bondi, 1943), supervisor (Waverley, 1954; Bellevue Hill, 1963; Kingsford, 1980))
===''BULLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Frederick Wright Bullock|Bullock, Albert Frederick Wright &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4K-44G] - 1900(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ZX Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1933-1939, 1946-1954; Camp Hill, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1109, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (East Brisbane, Qld, 1925); storeman (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BUNTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Bunton|Bunton, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGWV-YFR] - 1872(Eng)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Mosman, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Mosman, 1930-1954)

===''BURBIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Arthur Burbidge|Burbidge, Philip Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-7JL] - 1910(Eng)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 3PB Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1931); 2PB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 456, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant manager (Camberwell, 1934); manager (Bellevue Hill, 1943)
===''BURBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Alfred Burbury|Burbury, Eric Alfred]] - 1894(Tas)-1976(NSW) - early wireless experimenter (Tasmania, unlicensed?), ship wireless operator (1910s), broadcast engineer (AWA, Koo-we-rup; 2FC, chief engineer), brother of Harry Keith Burbury
* [[/Harry Keith Burbury|Burbury, Harry Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - 1897(Tas)-1986(NSW) - engineer (PMGD), brother of Eric Alfred Burbury

===''BURCHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Burchill|Burchill, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-8PF] - 1894(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4EM Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1925; Surry Hills, NSW, 1930); fitter (Long Bay Camp, NSW, 1933; Surry Hills, NSW, 1934-1936; Harbord, NSW, 1937); watchman (Maroubra, NSW, 1943-1949)

===''BURFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Patrick Burford|Burford, Walter Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHM2-CD9] - 1912(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 5PB Naracoorte (1934-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1365, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BURGESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Thomas Burgess|Burgess, George Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W5-N95] - 1913(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5GC Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939; Henley Beach, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1233, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Henley, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas William Watkins Burgess|Burgess, Thomas William Watkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDZP-X1R] - 1861(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: XDA Wagga Wagga (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Wagga Wagga, 1901-1903)

===''BURGOYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Burgoyne|Burgoyne, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-1VS] - 1876(Wales)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (VIY, 1913-?); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, South Townsville, 1919); postmaster (Concord, 1930); public servant (Homebush, 1930); postmaster (Homebush, 1933; Strathfield, 1935; Inverell, 1936; Bondi North, 1943)

===''BURING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rudolph Buring|Buring, Rudolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L51C-YVT] - 1906(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 7AX Receive Hobart (1922-1923); Receive Hobart (1923-1924); 7RB Hobart (1925-1933); 3RB Melbourne (Ballarat, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 102, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 166, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electronics engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: university demonstrator (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Sale, 1936; Ballarat, 1936-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1972)

===''BURMESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Conrad Burmester|Burmester, Otto Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWN-7VX] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4OB Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1158, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 31, 1935; 1COCP 46, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (Toowong, Qld, 1943); PMG technician (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1980)
===''BURNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud Edward James Burns|Burns, Claud Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCLY-P7V] - 1893(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4ZY Kingaroy (1932-1939); 4ZY Innisfail (1946-1947); 4ZY Cairns (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 996, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: supervising technician (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''BURRAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Allan Burrage|Burrage, John Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCW4-SLS] - 1916(Vic)-1942(Ins) - Licences: 3UW Melbourne (Deepdene, 1934-1937), 3UW (Shepparton, 1938-1939) -  Qualifications: AOCP 1322, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 59, 1936; 1COCP 291, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (3SR), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Shepparton, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/burrage-john-allan-400643/]

===''BURROWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Owen Burrows|Burrows, Alan Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNZG-V74] - 1901(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio correspondent (Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney Sun); proprietor Miss F. V. Wallace (Wireless Shop), 1927-1933; president Waverley Radio Club - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Waverley, 1930-1933) - Comment: Gone too soon
* [[/Ernest Walter Burrows|Burrows, Ernest Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-YQ8] - 1900(WA)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 6DZ Geraldton (1924-1927); 2DZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 659, 1921; 1COCP 5, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: technical assistant (Canterbury, NSW, 1937-1949; Earlwood, 1954-1980)
* [[/Frederick Harold Burrows|Burrows, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-TKH] - 1894(Eng)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6BH Perth (Claremont, 1922-1924); 6BH Kalgoorlie (1925-1927); 6BF Perth (Beverley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 193, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1916; Claremont, 1922; Kalgoorlie, 1925); headmaster (Beverley, 1937; Subiaco, 1943-1958); retired (Subiaco, 1963-1972)
* [[/John Charles Fry Burrows|Burrows, John Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKZ-LJ8] - 1897(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: XJCD Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 251, 1916 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Kew, 1919-1931); representative (Bairnsdale, 1934); commercial (Kew, 1936-1937); superintendent (Caulfield, 1943-1954); manager (Toorak, 1963-1980)

===''BURTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Reg Burton|Burton, Arthur Reg]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-3HM] - 1899(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4FE Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1935-1936; City, 1937-1939; Highgate Hill, 1946-1948); 1FE Heard Island (1954-1955); 4FE Thursday Island (1955-1956); 4FE Normanton (1960); 4FE Labrador (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1563, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); broadcast technician; federal public servant (PMGD) - Relationships: Likely father of 4BM Arthur Henry Burton - Electoral Rolls: artist (Lutwyche, Qld, 1921); picture showman (Beenleigh, Qld, 1922-1926);  motor engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1931-1934; South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); radio engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943); diesel engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Labrador, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BUSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Talbot Busch|Busch, Reginald Talbot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ3-2P7] - 1907(Vic)-2005(Vic) - Licences: 3LS Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1923); 3LS Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1939; North Essendon, 1946-1969; Strathmore, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 157, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 286, 1936; 1AOCP 3, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; research engineer (1942) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); research engineer (Essendon, 1942-1968); research (Strathmore, 1972-1977)
===''BUSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Melville Bush|Bush, Albert Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBB7-DFN] - 1893(Vic)-1964(Vic) - 3YY Bendigo (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 197, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental apprentice (Bendigo, 1914-1919); dentist (Bendigo, 1922-1963)
===''BUSHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert William Bushby|Bushby, Thomas Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2G5-KTN] - 1900(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2TW Bulli (1927-1928); 2TW Sydney (Gladesville, 1929; Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1931-1933; Rose Bay, 1934; Bondi North, 1935-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 368, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 32, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1933); engineer (Rose Bay, 1934; Bellevue Hill, 1935; Bondi, 1936-1937; Kingsgrove, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Bexley, 1958-1963)

===''BUTCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Butcher|Butcher, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-77S] - 1912(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4EB Brisbane (Lutwyche, 1931-1933; Kedron, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 871, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937); teacher (Grange, Qld, 1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''BUTLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lloyd Butler|Butler, Alfred Lloyd &quot;Lloyd&quot;]] - Licences: 5BR Adelaide (Prospect, 1947); 5BR Murray Bridge (1948-1960); 5BR Adelaide (Panorama, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; historian (SA amateur, SA broadcast) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://users.tpg.com.au/ldbutler/index.htm Web]
* [[/Richard Edmund Butler|Butler, Richard Edmund &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQX1-ZPZ] - 1926(Vic)-2012(Vic) - Senior federal public servant (PMGD), Deputy General Secretary ITU 1983-1989, Secretary General ITU 1983-1989 [https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/ElectedOfficialBio.aspx?off=6]
===''BUTLER-WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bertie Saywell Butler-Wood|Butler-Wood, Bertie Saywell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXJ2-18J] - 1894(NSW)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4EJ Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (West End, Qld, 1919-1925); dentist (West End, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''BUTTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Butterfield|Butterfield, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L77T-FCW] - 1903(Eng)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6GW Perth (South Perth, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 906, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Northam, WA, 1925; South Perth, WA, 1931); radio engineer (South Perth, WA, 1936-1958); retired (South Perth, WA, 1977)

===''BUTTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Butters|Butters, William Leslie W.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2VQ7-BSV] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2WY Bermagui South (1928-1935); 2WY Sydney (Brooklyn, 1936-1938; Cronulla, 1939; Karuah, 1946-1947); 2WY Nambucca Heads (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 464, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fisheries inspector (Bermagui South, 1930; Brooklyn, 1936); clerk (Erskineville, 1943); retired (Nambucca Heads, 1949)

===''BUTTERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Butterworth|Butterworth, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLR-QDG] - 1910(NSW)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Wallsend (1929-1930); 2BU Wallsend (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 540, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wallsend, 1936-1958); manufacturer (Wallsend, 1963-1972); engineer (Rankin Park, 1977-1980)

===''BUZACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hardie Buzacott|Buzacott, Albert Hardie &quot;Hardie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7YK-QZ6] - 1914(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4UZ Toowoomba (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1242, 1934, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 260, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); radio operator (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Roma, Qld, 1949; Gympie, Qld, 1954-1972; Caloundra, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Richard Norman Buzacott|Buzacott, Richard Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ82-8ZL] - 1909(WA)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3RB Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1926; Burwood, 1931; Camberwell, 1933); 2TD Sydney (North Sydney, 1935-1936); 3TD Lubeck (1938-1939); 3TD Melbourne (Balwyn, 1946-1960); 3AUB Melbourne (Reservoir, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 298, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 61, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1931); broadcast engineer (North Sydney, 1934-1935); engineer (Camaray, NSW, 1936); broadcast engineer (Lubeck, 1937); wireless operator (Canterbury, 1943); technician (Canterbury, 1949-1954); engineer (Reservoir, 1963-1972)

=='''C'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''CAGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cagney|Cagney, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-9HV] - 1909(Qld)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Rockhampton (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1386, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Palings, piano tuner); associate I.R.E. Aust - Electoral Rolls: musical instrument worker (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1980)

===''CAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Cain|Cain, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MKN2-48M] - 1866(Isle of Man)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a/g superintendent, Central Mission, Wesley Church, Melbourne, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Mooroopna, 1903; North Melbourne, 1909-1913; Carlton, 1914-1919; Glenferrie, 1921-1924; Auburn, 1924-1927; Kew, 1928-1937)

===''CALDECOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry William Spencer Caldecott|Caldecott, Henry William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-K3M] - 1908(Canada)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 2SM Sydney (Manly, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928-1929; Manly, 1930-1931); 2DA Sydney (Manly, 1933-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 285, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 58, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Balgowlah, 1930-1968); engineer (Balgowlah, 1977-1980)- callsign 2SM withdrawn by PMGD for allocation to 2SM commercial broadcaster
===''CALDWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aleck Stewart Caldwell|Caldwell, Aleck Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5SS-6BB] - 1903(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley North, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver -  Comment: During 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Donald Pavy Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Black Forest, SA, 1939); assistant (Erindale, SA, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Donald Pavy Caldwell|Caldwell, Donald Pavy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVC2-5NT] - 1907(SA)-1959(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 29, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: amateur broadcaster but never held licence in his name, during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Aleck Stewart Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Clapham, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frank David Caldwell|Caldwell, Frank David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FQ9] - 1907(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2YF Sydney (Bondi, 1930-1936; Concord, 1937; Bondi, 1938-1939; Waverley, 1946-1969); 2YF Katoomba (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 587, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 404, 1938; BOCP 186, 1938  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: employee Clyde Engineering Works (Burwood, 1930); mechanic (Bondi, 1936-1937; Waverley, 1949-1958; Bronte, 1963-1968)
* [[/Robert Ballantyne Caldwell|Caldwell, Robert Ballantyne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2ZSH-LYB] - 1869(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: father of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell; brother of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: resident engineer (North Unley, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Rupert Christian Caldwell|Caldwell, Rupert Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W3-897] - 1893(Vic)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2YW Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1924); 2JO Sydney (Bondi Junction, 1928; Waverley, 1929-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1937; Bondi, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 415, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Waverley, 1930-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1936; Bondi Beach, 1937-1968); retired (Waverley, 1972; Bondi Beach, 1977; Malabar, 1980)
* [[/William Alexander Caldwell|Caldwell, William Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y4-P92] - 1881(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5DI Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: brother of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; uncle of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: nil (Glenelg, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CALETTI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guido Caletti|Caletti, Guido &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-NV5] - 1900(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922; Newtown, 1922); 2CL Sydney (Newtown, 1923; Redfern, 1924; Annandale, 1924-1926; Punchbowl, 1927-1929; Penrose, 1930); 2AHV Sydney (Hurstville, 1938-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 649, 1921 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Punchbowl, 1930); mechanic (Bankstown, 1933); telephone mechanic (Hurstville, 1937-1949)
===''CALLABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Callaby|Callaby, Clarence James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBQ-38C] - 1910(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1934); 3BI Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 546, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Concord, 1933-1935); chemist (Croydon, 1936-1937); industrial chemist (West Ryde, 1943-1958); company director (St Ives, 1963-1968); director (St Ives, 1972-1977)
===''CALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Victor Callick|Callick, Harold Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF4-P45] - 1898(Eng)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Herston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: surgical dresser (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1921-1925; Herston, Qld, 1937-1963; Alderley, Qld, 1943-1949; Herston, Qld, 1954-1958; Chermside, Qld, 1963); retired (Miami, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''CALLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival James Callow|Callow, Percival James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFB-TR6] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Albion, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Albion, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Glen Kedron, Qld, 1934; Kedron, Qld, 1936-1963); retired (Scarborough, Qld, 1968)

===''CAMERON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. R. Cameron|Cameron, A. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RC Adelaide (Leabrook, 1931-1938); 2AMK Sydney (Hunters Hill, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Milton Cameron|Cameron, Robert Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXL-HDJ] - 1907(Vic)-1985(SA) - Licences: 3OT Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1923); 3OT Melbourne (Malvern, 1924-1933); 2XV Sydney (Waverton, 1935; Cronulla, 1937-1939); 4CS Brisbane (Doomben, 1947; Archerfield, 1948); 3AC Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 112, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 87, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Malvern East, 1931-1934); aeradio operator (Cooktown, 1943); surveyor (Prahran, 1954)

===''CAMPBELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dallas Dwyer Campbell|Campbell, Dallas Dwyer]] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - 2KU? Receive Ulmarra (1922-23), 2CU Ulmarra (1924-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 5, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Douglas Gilmore Campbell|Campbell, Douglas Gilmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJBS-NDD] - 1888(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2JO Receive Kyogle (1922-1924), 2DG Kyogle (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 70, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Frank Valentine Campbell|Campbell, Frank Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-CGN] - 1901(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4GC George Alfred Campbell - Electoral Rolls: wireless expert (South Brisbane, Qld, 1926); mechanic (Kedron, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Kedron, Qld, 1934-1954); electrician (Haberfield, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Beacon Hill, NSW, 1968-1972)
* [[/Frederick Alexander Campbell|Campbell, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC4J-HG7] - 1849(Sct)-1930(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, South Yarra, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: director (Melbourne, 1903-1913; South Yarra, 1914-1919); chief executive (South Yarra, 1924-1928)
* [[/George Alfred Campbell|Campbell, George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-C21] - 1894(Eng)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4GC Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1937-1939, 1947-1960); 4GC Mermaid Beach (1965-1975); 4GC Brisbane (Annerley, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2014, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Frank Valentine Campbell - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West End, Qld, 1925-1926; South Brisbane, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Annerley, Qld, 1968-1972; Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1977)
* [[/James Campbell|Campbell, James]] - 1845(Sct)-1893(Vic) - proprietor of engineering business in Ballarat, politician in Victoria, Postmaster-General Victoria (Apr 1884 - Feb 1886)
* [[/Neville Douglas Campbell|Campbell, Neville Douglas or Douglas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G73C-WVG] - 1912(Tas)-2007(Tas) - Licences: 7NC Hobart (City, 1932-1939, 1946-1956; Sandy Bay, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 993, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (New Town, 1943; Sandy Bay, 1949-1958)
* [[/Robert Campbell|Campbell, Robert]] - 1917(???)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4RC Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1180, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, treasurer, QSL officer) - Comment: numerous contemporaneous RCs - Electoral Rolls: Nile yet identified

===''CANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Fredrick Herrett Cannon|Cannon, Ronald Fredrick or Frederick Herrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7JW-T6L] - 1913(Tas)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7RC Wynyard (1932-1939); 3BRC Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 946, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 97, 1937; 1COCP 473, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; RAAFWR; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wynyard, 1936-1937); engineer (St Kilda, 1943); radio technician (Auburn, 1949; Hawthorn, 1954-1967); tv hirer (Hawthorn, 1968-1980)
===''CANSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathan Victor Charles Cansick|Cansick, Nathan Victor Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSJ-CXC] - 1907(Vic)-1968(NSW) - 3VE Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3AK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 139, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''CAREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Carey|Carey, Francis Joseph &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 18??-19?? -  X??, 4?? Toowoomba 1911-1914, 1922-1923, 2AMI Sydney (Centennial Park, 1933-1939; North Sydney 1946-1954; Fairfield 1955-1980) - amateur operator  (AOCP 1152, 1933, ?? in NSW) , radio club member (QWI), Halcyon: AOCP NSW 1925
* [[/John Thomas Carey|Carey, John Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Y9-TZ8] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 19, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (St Kilda, 1913; West End, Townsville, 1919)
===''CARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Lewis Carne|Carne, Ronald Lewis &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-N3M] - 1910(Fiji)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4RP Hambledon Mill via Cairns (1935); 4RP Innisfail (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1186, 1933, Qld; 3COCP 429, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, 1936-1937); cane inspector (Sherwood, Qld, 1943); assistant cane inspector (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, Qld, 1949-1954); cane inspector (Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1954-1958); manager (Harwood Mill, Harwood Island, NSW, 1963; Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1968); retired (Bowen, Qld, 1972)

===''CARPENTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Carpenter|Carpenter, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPR-BJS] - 1900(WA)-1956(France) - Licences: No known licence - Qualifications: AOCP 376, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Northam, 1925-1936); instructor (South Perth, 1943); firewood vendor (Whyalla, 1948); teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1954)
===''CARRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Carrie|Carrie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Glanville, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''CARTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Carter|Carter, Albert Edward &quot;Birdie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDL-5CB] - 1916(Qld)-2014(Qld) - Licences: 4LT Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 4LT Nanango (1954); 4LT Brisbane (Carina, 1955-1969); 4LT Sunshine Beach (1975); 4LT Tewantin (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2143, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); wholesale grocery (S. Hoffnung &amp; Co); WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AECs - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Nanango, Qld, 1954); departmental manager (Carina, Qld, 1958-1972); retired (Sunshine Beach, Qld, 1977; Tewantin, Qld, 1980))
* [[/Clarence Sydney William Carter|Carter, Clarence Sydney William]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5T1-TXL] - 1902(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Kensington, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Maylands, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 24, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Glen Osmond, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frederick Pell Carter|Carter, Frederick Pell or Peel (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-2BC] - 1899(NSW)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5GK Adelaide (Mile End, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 761, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service station proprietor (Mile End, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/H. Carter|Carter, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Graceville, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Numerous contemporaneous HCs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Raymond Carter|Carter, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9G5-KJT] - 1911(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2HC Quirindi (1926-1939; 1946-1980+); 2BE Portable Quirindi (1933-1934); 2AI Portable Quirindi (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 286, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Quirindi, 1933-1980) - Callsign 2BE withdrawn by PMGD for 2BE Bega commercial

===''CARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Carty|Carty, Bruce]] - historian (broadcast, amateur broadcast), author &quot;Australian Radio History&quot;

===''CASTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Castle|Castle, Clarence Henry &quot;Clarry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-7GR] - 1915(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5KL Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939); 5KL Darwin (1947-1948); 5KL Adelaide (Enfield Heights, 1954-1965; Enfield, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1209, 1933, SA; 2COCP 263, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CASWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Harold Caswell|Caswell, Archibald Harold &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-Y3X] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) -  Licences: 4CB Murgon (1934-1939); 4CB Maryborough (1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1340, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (POW); business proprietor (garage) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Maryborough, Qld, 1954-1972); retired (Torquay, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''CATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lester Evans Catford|Catford, Lester Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDD8-RCB] - 1911(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LC Gladstone (1931-1939, 1947); 5LC Adelaide (Malvern, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 789, 1931, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 357, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Lance Maynard Catford|Catford, Lance Maynard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQR-K2W] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5XL Clare (1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2372, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: share farmer (Clare, SA, 1939)

===''CAVANAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Mortimer Cavanagh|Cavanagh, William Mortimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-GPH] - 1908(Vic)-1995(NSW) - Receive Warburton (1923-1924), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925), 2WC Sydney (Potts Point, 1928), 2WC Goulburn (1930), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Williamstown, 1937-1939), 2WC Wauchope (1946-1980+), qualifications: (AOCP 214, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 598, 1942), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2, electoral rolls: sales (Goulburn, 1930; St Kilda, 1931-1934), radio dealer (Wauchope, 1949-1980)
===''CAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Cave|Cave, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB7-G73] - 1898(Eng?)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1925-1926); operator of Wills &amp; Co Receive licence 1924 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 129, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAF Wireless Operator); foundation member Tasmanian Gliding Club (instructor); returned to England 1931; likely Wing Commander RAF in WW2; possibly lost in SE Asia 1942 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CAWTHRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Cawthron|Cawthron, Edward Joseph &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBH-9SX] - 1908(NSW)-1964(SA) - Licences: 2JC Sydney (Concord, 1926-1933; Neutral Bay, 1931; Concord, 1933; Five Dock, 1933); 2VA Sydney (City, 1931); 2EJ Sydney (City, 1931); 5JC Adelaide (Kent Town, 1937-1939); 5JE Adelaide (Somerton, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954; Somerton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 308, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Haberfield, 1943)

===''CECIL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clyde Cecil|Cecil, Clyde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN5-XYG] - 1898(Vic)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6AB Kalgoorlie (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 154, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener, Kalgoorlie) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Kalgoorlie, 1919); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, 1921-1925; Maylands, 1928-1937); metallurgist (Nedlands, 1943); physicist (Nedlands, 1949-1954); school principal (Triggs Island, 1958-1963)

===''CHADWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Howel Chadwick|Chadwick, Richard Howel (Electoral Rolls) or Howell (BMD) &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3PQ-6HH] - 1896(NZ)-1955(Qld) - Licences: 4GU Brisbane (Wilston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1197, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (travelling salesman) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Zillmere, Qld, 1921); salesman (Wilston, Qld, 1925-1954)

===''CHAFFER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Martin Chaffer|Chaffer, Edward Martin &quot;Martin&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1Z-B3P] - 1905(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3XF Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1927); 6XF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1933); 2AEK Sydney (Potts Point, 1938); 3MH Hamilton (1947); 3MH Ballarat (1948); 3MH Swan Hill (1954); 3MH Melbourne (Preston, 1955-1956; Moonee Ponds, 1965-1969; Doncaster, 1975-1980) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 354, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 304, 1937; 2COCP 113, 1937; 1COCP 151, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic Essendon, treasurer, 1924), placed 2nd for best complete station Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1924; placed second for best complete station at Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1925; placed 10th in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926; broadcast engineer (3HA, 3BA, 3SH), Dept Civil Aviation 1930s, military (WW2, 1942+) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1936); radio engineer (Hamilton, 1942; Ballarat, 1949; Swan Hill, 1954; Preston, 1963); radio technician (Moonee Ponds, 1967-1968); retired (Doncaster, 1977-1980) - Relationships: father of 3AII Ken Chaffer

===''CHALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Robert Challen|Challen, Peter Robert]] - 1848(Eng)-1905(Vic) - early telephone, telephony &amp; wireless experimenter, employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Electrical Office &amp; Postmaster), radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), associate of Henry Walter Jenvey, William Philip Bechervaise &amp; George Smibert
===''CHALLENDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard Challender|Challender, Gerard &quot;Gerry&quot;]] - 1910(Eng)-1950(NSW) - 2ZS Kempsey, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, high profile participation 1950 Kempsey floods, military (WW2)
===''CHALLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Reginald Challenger|Challenger, George Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3YQ-ZZB] - 1902(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: 2GC Sydney (Auburn, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Auburn, 1930-1935)

===''CHAMBERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rupert Chambers|Chambers, Francis Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYY2-JKX] - 1898(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 247, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Camberwell, 1924-1925); contractor (Geraldton, 1931; Mt Waverley, 1934-1936); linesman (Seaford, 1937; Frankston, 1942); technician (Frankston, 1949; Seaford, 1954); retired (Upwey, 1963; McRae, 1968)
* [[/Walter Alfred Chambers|Chambers, Walter Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3N6-VX1] - 1889(Qld)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 151, 1915; 2COCP 100, 1930; 1COCP 96, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Thursday Island, 1912-1913); radio telegraphist (Wyndham, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Subiaco, 1917); radio telegraphist (Esperance, 1921-1925); officer-in-charge (Geraldton, 1925); radio officer (Como, 1931-1934; Esperance, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Como, 1943-1968)

===''CHANDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Beals Chandler|Chandler, John Beals]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HN-HXH] - 1887(Eng)-1962(Qld) - principal (4BC); proprietor (J. B. Chandler &amp; Co., 1913-1962); Lord Mayor Brisbane (1940-1952); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - don't confuse D. W. Chandler early wireless experimenter - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chandler-sir-john-beals-9724 ADB]
===''CHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Channon|Channon, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BO Receive Inverell (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Lloyd Lister Channon|Channon, Lloyd Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD59-4NS] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Receive Manilla (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Elsmore, 1913); postal official (Raymond Terrace, 1930-1949)

===''CHAPMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Chapman|Chapman, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZYW-3F4] - 1864(NSW)-1926(NSW) - occupations (apprentice saddler, hotelier), politician (Postmaster-General, 1905-1907), oversight of Commonwealth Wireless Telegraphy conference Melbourne 1907 - Links: [[w:Austin Chapman|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chapman-sir-austin-5554 ADB]
* [[/Bruce Amundsen Chapman|Chapman, Bruce Amundsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VL-575] - 1912(WA)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BA Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1958; St Ives, 1960-1969 - Qualifications: AOCP 696, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shipping clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1937); clerk (Balgowlah, 1949-1958; St Ives, 1963-1968)
* [[/E. B. Chapman|Chapman, E. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank William Chapman (Qld)|Chapman, Frank William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC5-KB3] - 1898(???)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4XL Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939); 4ZFC Brisbane (Ekibin, 1965); 4TH Brisbane (Ekibin, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 785, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Salisbury, Qld, 1928); labourer (Yeronga, Qld, 1929-1937); waterside worker (Paddington, Qld, 1943-1949); PMG technician (Ekibin, Qld, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frank William Chapman (WA)|Chapman, Frank William (WA)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBXD-TFK] - 1918(Vic)-1988(WA) - Licences: 6CC Perth (Manning Park, 1954-1965; Bassendean, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3319, 1953, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Chidlow, WA, 1949); teacher (Manning Park, WA, 1954-1963); technical school principal (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1963); teacher (Bassendean, WA, 1968-1977); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1980)
* [[/Harrison Chapman|Chapman, Harrison &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-2C5] - 1909(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3JX Receive Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1922); 3GU Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1929-1939, 1946-1965; Flinders, 1965-1975); 3AGU Portable Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1948-1956; Flinders, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 513, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1AOCP 32, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Ivanhoe, 1931-1936); chemist (Geelong, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942; Ivanhoe, 1949-1954); chemical engineer (Ivanhoe, 1963); minister of religion (Flinders, 1968); clergyman (Flinders, 1972-1977)
* [[/Owen George Chapman|Chapman, Owen George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8YX-YLK] - 1904(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2OC Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 669, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wyong, 1930-1958)
* [[/Percival Carnew Lamont Chapman|Chapman, Percival Carnew Lamont &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-5M8] - 1911(Qld)-2008(Qld) - 4PC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1933); 4PC Babinda (1937-1939); 4PC Monto (1946-1975); 4PC Point Vernon (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1155, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); occupation (power house engineer/manager) - Relationships: father of Geoff Chapman 4CET - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1943; Monto, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Point Vernon, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Chapman|Chapman, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZ2X-8KG] - 1890(Tas)-1957(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 116, 1915; 1COCP 63, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal wireless operator; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1925); officer-in-charge (Radio Station Applecross, 1931-1954)

===''CHAPPELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Arthur Chappell|Chappell, Lloyd Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69G-SB9] - 1911(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7LC Ross (1936-1937); 7LC Winnaleah (1938-1939); 7LC Hobart (Kingston, 1947-1955; Sandy Bay, 1956-1975; Coles Bay, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1828, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 172, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ross, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Queenstown, 1943; Kingston, 1949-1958)

===''CHARLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Charles|Charles, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QC-V3V] - 1916(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5YQ Adelaide (North Unley, 1935-1939; Unley, 1947-1948; Ascot Park, 1954-1956; Hyde Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1443, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Unley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CHARLESWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Denison Charlesworth|Charlesworth, Reginald Denison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW1M-CKJ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2CI Receive Sydney (Haberfield, 1922); 2CI Sydney (Haberfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: migrated to Fiji mid 1920s, returned to Australia mid 1930s - Electoral Rolls: factory manager (Summer Hill, 1933); engineer (Haberfield, 1935-1937); Lane Cove, 1943); radio engineer (Dee Why, 1949-1954); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1958-1972)

===''CHARTERIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Charteris|Charteris, Michael]] - 4QS Ipswich &amp; Maryborough - amateur operator, historian (amateur)

===''CHATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Greatham Chatfield|Chatfield, Robert Greatham &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK92-9L1] - 1900(NZ)-1974(NZ) - Licences: ZL2AV Wellington (1925-1954+) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 1925, No. ?? in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clubs (Wellington Amateur Radio Club 2WB, member and one time president) - Relationships: father of Don Chatfield ZL2SG - Comment: substantial early portion (100+) of QSL collection survives - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wellington, 1922); salesman (Wellington, 1931-1954); retired (Wellington, 1963-1972)
===''CHATTERTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Chatterton|Chatterton, Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZWW-952] - 1902(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: 7AY Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Hobart, 1925-1928)
===''CHAUVEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Temple Frank Chauvel|Chauvel, Walter Temple Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH5T-WNQ] - 1902(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Stanthorpe (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1925-1928); grazier (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1928-1943); radio engineer (Texas, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (East Ballina, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''CHEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Reginald Cheel|Cheel, Charles Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N1J-PTC] - 1890(Vic)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5CR Adelaide (Maylands, 1934-1939, 1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1278, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CHENNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Chennell|Chennell, Victor &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBH-1XV] - 1907(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5JH Adelaide (Norwood, 1927-1933; Cowandilla, 1937-1939; North Adelaide, 1946-1956; Ascot Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 346, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer? (Goodwood Park, 1939)

===''CHESSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chessell|Chessell, John or John Carl]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN16-XWP]? [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2M1-9GS]? - 1914(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2LV Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1929-1934); 2YU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1935-1936; Ashfield, 1937-1939); 2ER Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 517, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Croydon, 1936; Bowral, 1937-1954) - seems to be two contemporaneous John Chessel's
===''CHESTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Chesterfield|Chesterfield, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVH-3SK] - 1895(Vic)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Wayville, 1924-1926); 2ACQ Sydney (Strathfield, 1937-1939); 4HJ Brisbane (Cleveland, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 23, 1914; 1COCP 266, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Croydon, NSW, 1930); radio engineer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1931-1935); department manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1935); radio engineer (Strathfield, 1936; Pymble, NSW, 1943; Cleveland, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''CHICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Garth Chick|Chick, Leonard Garth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SW-7PJ] - 1918(Tas)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 7LG Launceston (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1973, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 227, 1939; 2COCP 550, 1941; 1COCP 1264, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Swan Point, 1944); aeradio operator (Lindisfarne, 1949); technician (Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954); draftsman (East Keilor, 1963-1968); surveyor (Forster, 1977-1980)
===''CHILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Oliver Chilton|Chilton, Frederick Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-XFL] - 1905(NSW)-2007(NSW)102yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Wahroonga, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 147, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur receive operator; military (Brigadier); awards (Knighted) - Relationships: brother of 2RC Robert Ralph Chilton - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1943); civil servant (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1967); retired (Clareville Beach, NSW, 1972-1980) - Links: [[w:Frederick Oliver Chilton|Wikipedia]]
* [[/George Frederick Chilton|Chilton, George Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3CR-41Q] - 1891(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 2GF Sydney (Pennant Hills, 1924; Carlingford, 1925); 4GD Townsville (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 160, 1915; 1COCP 10, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal operator (VIG, VIB, VIS, VIT, Rockbank); wireless telegraphist (PMG); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917); federal public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1919-1921); radio stationmaster (South Townsville, Qld, 1925; Glenferrie, 1927; Wireless Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1942); engineer (St Kilda, 1949-1954)
* [[/Robert Ralph Chilton|Chilton, Robert Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-821] - 1907(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1925-1926); 2RC Gloucester (1927); 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1928-1939, 1946-1947; Roseville East, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 152, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist assistant (Wahroonga, 1933); chemist (Stanthorpe, 1954-1963; Sherwood, Qld, 1972) - Relationships: brother of Frederick Oliver Chilton

===''CHINERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jessie Camelia Chinery|Chinery or Chinnery, Jessie Camelia]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMP-6NZ] - 1915(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6JC Perth (Welshpool, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1866, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: not stated (Welshpool, WA, 1937) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''CHIPPINDALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Kellett Chippindall|Chippindall, Eric Kellett &quot;Chippy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFCB-MNZ] - 1916(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939); 4XR Gympie (1946-1969); 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1940, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4SB, 4BU, 4LG, 4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1949); announcer-engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1954-1958); shopkeeper (Paddington, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''CHISHOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham St Clair Chisholm|Chisholm, Graham St Clair]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX47-TTR] - 1915(Qld)-2002(WA) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933); 3ACG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1947-1948); 5PG Darwin (1955-1956); 1AB Canberra (Canberra City, 1960; Ainslie, 1965); 6IB Perth (Dalkeith, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1101, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 18, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (3SR, Shepparton, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1954); broadcaster (Reid, ACT, 1958; Ainslie, ACT, 1963; Dalkeith, WA, 1968-1972); manager (Nedlands, 1977-1980)

===''CHITHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Chitham|Chitham, William Norman &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-KJK] - 1912(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4UU Brisbane (Bulimba, 1933-1934; Fortitude Valley 1937-1939; Cannon Hill, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 913, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor, QSL officer); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; military (WW2) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cannon Hill, 1949-1963); buyer (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''CHRISMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Chrismas|Chrismas, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YC-FC2] - 1892(NSW)-1950(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 250, 1916; 1COCP 31, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916); wireless operator (Wyndham, 1917; Applecross, 1925); radio telegraphist (Broome, 1931; Geraldton, 1936-1949)

===''CLAFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keighran James Claffey|Claffey, Keighran James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84R-LLP] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AK Deniliquin (1928-1939); 2AK Picton (1946); 2AK Deniliquin (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 459, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarrandale, 1949; Deniliquin, 1954; Yarrandale, 1958-1963); retired (Deniliquin, 1977-1980)
===''CLARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Clark|Clark, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-CJH] - 1903(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3FC Rainbow (1928); 3FC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933; Elwood, 1937; St Kilda, 1938); 3FC Mildura (1946-1947); 3FC Ouyen (1948-1960); 3FC Geelong (Leopold, 1969; Clifton Springs, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 426, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal official (Rainbow, 1925); postal clerk (Rainbow, 1928); clerk (St Kilda, 1931-1937); senior postal clerk (Red Cliffs, 1942); postmaster (Ouyen, 1949-1954); retired (Clifton Springs, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank P. R. Clark|Clark, Frank P. R.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFG-WRN] - 1900(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924); 2YF Sydney (Manly, 1925) - Qualifications: AOCP 122, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: gone too soon
* [[/Leopold Francis Clark|Clark, Leopold Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273Q-3D5] - 1902(Tas)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7CK Natone (1932-1939); 7CK Burnie (1946-1948); Deloraine (1954-1969); Lanena (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 989, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Natone, 1928-1936; Burnie, 1943-1949); grazier (Needles, 1954; Deloraine, 1963)
===''CLARKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Fraser Clarke|Clarke, Percival Fraser &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ3-4J2] - 1896(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4PY Ayr (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1781, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jarvisfield, Qld, 1919-1937; Aspley, Qld, 1949-1972)
* [[/Warren Ross Clarke|Clarke, Warren Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NT-LSN] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Mosman,1930-1933; Asquith, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 650, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 6, 1934; 1COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Asquith, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1936); radio officer (Mosman, 1943); flight radio officer (Mosman, 1949-1954); clerk (Glenbrook, 1963); travel consultant (Glenbrook, 1972); clerk (Merrylands, 1972); planner (North Rocks, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Clarke|Clarke, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ2-1QS] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 32, 1930 - RANRS (temp Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: several contemporaneous WGCs - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Townsville, 1916); seaman (HMAS Encounter, Geelong, 1919); biograph operator (Langwarrin Military Camp, Vic, 1919); hotel manager (Naval Base Hotel, South Fremantle, 1931)

===''CLAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard George Clay|Clay, Richard George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZZ-LGN] - 1903(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RC Melbourne (Northcote, 1929; Alphington, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 536, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Northcote, 1925-1927); welder (Northcote, 1928); electric welder (Alphington, 1931); welder (Richmond, 1936-1937; Alphington, 1942; Northcote, 1949); contractor (Traralgon, 1954-1972) 
===''CLAYTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maisie Ian Jesson Clayton|Rawson nee Clayton, Maisie Ian Jesson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RT-25P] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 488, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio worker (Artarmon, 1937); engineer (Kirribilli, 1949); radio engineer (Lane Cove, 1954-1963); engineer (Lane Cove, 1968-1972); home duties (Lane Cove, 1977-1980) - Lady:
* [[/Maurice Charles Clayton|Clayton, Maurice Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86J-HX3] - 1912(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1930-1931); 5ZC Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 596, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon (24yo)
* [[/Walter George Gladstone Clayton|Clayton, Walter George Gladstone &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3XN-J1N] - 1918(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4WG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4WG Brisbane (Windsor, 1946-1969); 4WG Townsville (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1868, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF Signals); state public servant (Qld Railways, supervising tech. comms.) - Relationships: uncle of Maise Ian Jesson Rawson nee Clayton (Radio Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Windsor, 1954-1968); technician (Townsville, 1972-1980)

===''CLIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Cliff|Cliff, Harry]] - 1908(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HC Melbourne (Essendon, 1928-1948; Heidelberg, 1954-1975); 3HC Point Lonsdale (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 400, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: implement maker (Moonee Ponds, 1906); engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1928); clerk (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); company secretary (North Melbourne, 1943); director (Ivanhoe, 1954-1968; Heidelberg, 1972); retired (Point Lonsdale, 1977-1980) (pre 1928 is another Harry Cliff)
===''CLIFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Glendenning Clifford|Clifford, Herbert Glendenning]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTS-4CN] - 1882(Eng)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5BW Receive Renmark (1923); Receive Renmark (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Renmark, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CLINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gladstone Clinch|Clinch, Frederick Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5P-TWM] - 1898(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6JR Greenough (1928-1933); 6FG Miling (1960); 6FG Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 468, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Greenough, 1922-1943); garage proprietor (Miling, 1958); retired (Doubleview, 1963-1972) - Relationships: Father of 6CL Ian Harold Wilson Clinch
* [[/Ian Harold Wilson Clinch|Clinch, Ian Harold Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQX-YS1] - 1926(WA)-19??(WA) - Licences: 6CL Miling (1960-1965); 6CL Dandaragan (1969); 6CL Rossmoyne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3596, 1957 - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Leederville, 1949); manager (Miling, 1958-1963); radio technician (Dongara, 1968); technician (Rossmoyne, 1972-1980) - Relationships: son of 6JR-6FG Frederick Gladstone Clinch

===''CLOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alvin Theodore Closs|Closs, Alvin Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-HG7] - 1895(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: V750 Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922); 3GV Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Brighton, 1917); storekeeper (Olinda, 1924-1931); salesman (Olinda, 1934-1937); civil servant (Tunstall, 1943-1954); retired (Yarra Junction, 1963-1972)
===''CLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Edward Clough|Clough, James Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 483, 1929, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - several contemporaneous JECs

===''COADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Coade|Coade, Ernest]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rutherglen, 1914); mechanic (Thursday Island, 1919)
===''COAKLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas James Coakley|Coakley, Thomas James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX24-W7T] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: 5UK Adelaide (Unley, 1933-1939); 3IU Melbourne (Camberwell, 1947; Essendon, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1105, 1933, No. ?? in SA, 3COCP 61, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: aero fitter (Auburn, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1943; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1980)

===''COALTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Coalter|Coalter, Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSR-STB] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 1, 1914 - ship wireless operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''COATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Melbourne Coates|Coates, Alfred Melbourne or Melbourne Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-MCZ] - 1884(???)-1964(Vic) - Licences: V757 Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922); 3GG Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (USA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1921-1937; Kalorama, 1943-1954)

===''COFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Freeman Coffey|Coffey, Henry Freeman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3QL-BR1] - 1885(Irl)-1934(NSW) - Licences: 4KY Brisbane (Doomben, 1925-1926; Hamilton, 1927); 2ZY Sydney (Willoughby, 1929; Maroubra, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 52, 1915; 1COCP 12, 1930 - Halycyon: AOCP Brisbane 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless operator (Marconi, White Star, Booth Steamship, Iquitos Steamship, Union Castle); RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal operator (CRS, PMGD, AWA); federal public servant - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Middle Park, Vic, 1919); engineer (Malvern East, 1922-1924); radiostation master (Thursday Island, 1925); wireless operator (Doomben, Qld, 1925-1928); engineer (Chatswood, 1930); wireless mechanic (Maroubra, 1930-1934)

===''COHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derrick Cohen|Cohen, Derek or Derrick Simeon &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCF-DR7] - 1914(Eng)-2010(NSW) - Licences: 2YM Sydney (Dobroyd Point, 1932-1933; Kings Cross, 1933; Clovelly, 1934-1936); 4YM Brisbane (City, 1937-1939); 1YM Macquarie Island (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 238, 1930; AOCP 1011, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West End, Qld, 1943); technician (Coburg, Vic, 1954); television producer (Chatswood, NSW, 1963; Little Wallaby Beach, NSW, 1977)

===''COLEBATCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Vincent Colebatch|Colebatch, Ernest Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Q2-974] - 1905(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5CG Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Belair, SA, 1939-1941)

===''COLESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Russell Coleston|Coleston, Stanley Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-KQL] - 1913(Vic)-2012(Qld) - Licences: 3XK Melbourne (Middle Park, 1930-1931; Gardenvale, 1933; Glenhuntly, 1937-1939, 1946-1955); 9XK Port Moresby (1956-1960); 3AXK Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969); 4XA Brisbane (Geebung, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 688, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Glenhuntly, 1936-1942; Caulfield East, 1949-1954); public servant (Mt Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Geebung, 1977-1980)

===''COLLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Felton Collard|Collard, Cyril John Felton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97X9-6VY] - 1896(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2CF Maitland West (1927-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 362, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 540, 1941; BOCP 541, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lorn, 1930-1963); retired (North Maitland, 1968)
===''COLLINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Joseph Collins|Collins, Clarence Henry Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1Y1-GB1] - 1891(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5FC Adelaide (Marryatville, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1043, 1932, SA; BOCP 29, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Marryatville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''COLLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Andrew Collis|Collis, George Andrew]] - 1869(Tas)-1926(Tas) - Receive Hobart, radio clubs (Tasmanian Radio Club, foundation member, 1922+), electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1921) - potential misidentification, George Arthur Collis, Radio Research Club, Hobart, witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927
* [[/Ralph Collis|Collis, Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-48N] - 1918(WA)-2013(WA)105yo - Licences: 6LY Perth (Bayswater, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1454, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bayswater, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); proprietor (Cadoux, WA, 1963; Tuart Hill, WA, 1968); business proprietor (Dianella, WA, 1972-1977); proprietor (Bedford, WA, 1980)

===''COLTHEART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Coltheart|Coltheart, Clarence James]] - 1885(Tas)-1962(Tas) - Licences: 7BF Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, Vic, 1913-1914; Queenstown, 1922-1954)
===''COLTHRUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Colthrup|Colthrup, James Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBW8-J4Z] - 1908(Vic)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 3PL Melbourne (Clifton Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1368, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 374, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, Wireless &amp; Gunnery School) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1931); engineer (Clifton Hill, 1937); airman (Clifton Hill, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/623876]
===''COLVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Victor Colville|Colville, Sydney Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3WQ-S78] - 1894(Vic)-1966(NSW) - Licences: XQF Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913); 2FA Receive Sydney (1922); 2FA Sydney (1923-1925); 2VH Sydney (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wireless retail business proprietor (Colville Moore) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloongabba, 1917; Chelmer, 1919-1921); broker (Bowen Hills, 1922); manufacturer (Drummoyne, NSW, 1930-1933); merchant (Lane Cove, 1935-1936); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1936-1937); company director (Glenbrook, 1943-1963)

===''CONDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Sylvester Condon|Condon, Austin Sylvester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RG-K2K] - 1924(SA)-2011(SA) - Licences: 5WO Laura (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3012, 1949, SA - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil [https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/obituaries-tributes-to-three-of-our-finest/news-story/845c3a27d81fd8a8f4bbe436503a9b1e Obit]
===''CONDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Tasman Conder|Conder, Walter Tasman &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CJ-DTS] - 1888(Tas)-1974(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as General Manager, BCA, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Launceston, 1914); soldier (Langwarrin Military Camp, 1918-1921; Melbourne, 1924); secretarial (Melbourne, 1925-1928); entrepreneur (Melbourne, 1931-1937); secretary (Melbourne, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/conder-walter-tasman-5747 ADB]
===''CONGDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bert Congdon|Congdon, Bert &quot;Bertie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VVJ-CMW] - 1891(Vic)-1961(WA) - 6BA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923-1924), 6BC Perth (Subiaco, 1927-1939, 1946-1960), amateur operator (AOCP 382, 1927, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW1, civil servant (Subiaco, 1925-1958)
===''CONNELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dermot Anthony Connelly|Connelly, Dermot Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L5-2VC] - 1903(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3BU Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922); 3BU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925); 3ADK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1948; Ivanhoe, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Caulfield, 1927-1936); Air Force officer (St Kilda, 1937); nil (Frankston, 1949); photographer (Ivanhoe, 1954-1963)
===''CONNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilson Connon|Connon, George Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-8Z2] - 1907(Sct)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5KJ Booleroo (1937-1939); 5KJ Yunta (1947); 5KJ Alice Springs (1948-1954); 5KJ Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1955-1956); 5KJ Port Lincoln (1960); 5KJ Berri (1965-1969); 5KJ Barmera (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1991, 1937, SA; 2COCP 336, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pensioner (Millswood East, SA, 1939); bookkeeper (Port Augusta, SA, 1941-1948); radio technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1949-1954)

===''CONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emmett Bernard Connor|Connor, Emmett Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-L7Q] - 1913(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4CE Gindie (1936); 4OC Longreach (1956); 4OC Fernlees (1960); 4OC Brisbane (Aspley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; BOCP 280, 1940; 3COCP 5529, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing shed hand (Gindie, Qld, 1936); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Longreach, Qld, 1943-1949); business Manager (Cramsie, Longreach, Qld, 1954-1958); grazier (&quot;Ronnoc Downs&quot;, Fernlees, Qld, 1958-1963; Aspley, Qld, 1963-1977)
* [[/Laurance Kingsley Connor|Connor, Laurance Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2GD-KPT] - 1907(NSW)-1950(NSW) - 2LK Sydney (Belmore, 1925-1926), 2ALC Sydney (Lakemba, 1948; Cammeray, 1950), amateur operator (AOCP 68, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 881, 1925; 2COCP 199, 1930; 1COCP 220, 1939), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Stephen James Connor|Connor, Stephen James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH4J-FP4] - 1894(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 235, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1917); electrical engineer (Strathfield, NSW, 1930; Lismore, NSW, 1933); electrician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1934; Strathfield, NSW, 1936-1963); retired (Lapstone, NSW, 1972)
* [[/Terence Connor|Connor, Terence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-3DV] - 1916(Tas)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 7CT Hobart (Rokeby, 1936-1939; City, 1946-1948); 7CT Huonville (1954-1960); 7CT Hobart (Bellerive, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1643, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: auto-electrician (New Town, 1943; Hobart North, 1949); manager (Huonville, 1949-1954); sales rep. (Bellerive, 1963-1977)

===''CONRAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Ernest Conrad|Conrad, Raymond Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSP2-VGS] - 1905(Tas)-1977(Tas) - Licences: 2TR Sydney (Bexley, 1930-1937; Rockdale, 1938-1939); 7TR Hobart (Derwent Park, 1947; Moonah, 1948-1956; Berriedale, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 651, 1930, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 308, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: battery fitter (Bexley, 1930); storeman (Bexley, 1931-1934); clerk (Bexley, 1935-1936; Rockdale, 1937); purchasing officer (Cameray, 1943); radio manufacturer (Moonah, 1949-1954); engineer (Hospital, Rosetta, 1963)
===''CONRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Conry|Conry, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-HCR] - 1892(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 3OK Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1925); 3CO Melbourne (Brighton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 260, 1916; 1COCP 44, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (Merchant Marine); RANRS; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD Vic) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1919; Armadale, 1921-1924); inspector (Brighton, 1925-1937); radio inspector (South Brisbane, 1943-1949); postal official (St Lucia, 1954-1958)
===''CONWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn Laurence Dean Conway|Conway, Mervyn Laurence Dean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MH-GHZ] - 1912(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7CL Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1960); 7CL Hobart (West Hobart, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1684, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Nelson, 1936); school teacher (Launceston East, 1937); teacher (Devonport, 1943; New Town, 1949-1958)

===''COOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Byron Cook|Cook, Ernest Byron &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M46M-M3J] - 1902(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3CK Tresco (1926-1927); 3CK Kerang (1931); 3EC Swan Hill (1938-1939); 3EC Melbourne (Coburg, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 295, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Swan Hill, 1937-1942)
* [[/Victor Roy Percival Cook|Cook, Victor Roy Percival &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYJG-6C6] - 1899(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: XVN Adelaide (1913-1914); S099 Adelaide (1920s); 5AC Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1927; Rose Park, 1928-1931; Kilkenny, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Woodville, 1954-1975; Somerton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 94, 1925, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: analyst (Kilkenny, 1939-1943)
===''COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive J. Cooke|Cooke, Clive J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4CC Brisbane (Chermside, -1952+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
* [[/Frank Basil Cooke|Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7Q6-TN8] - 1892(SA)-1967(NSW) - XADW Sydney (1913), 2LI Sydney (1922-1924), 2XQ Receive Sydney (1923), 2DJ Sydney (Northbridge, 1924-1931; Mosman, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP; AOCP 39, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA NSW, vice-president 1923)
* [[/Frederick William Cooke|Cooke, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB8-V6L] - 1906(Eng)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Footscray, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 311, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: meter tester (Footscray, 1926-1949)
===''COOKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Cookson|Cookson, Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YD-87L] - 1889(Eng)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 201, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); no occupation (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Northbridge, 1949-1963; Bexley, NSW, 1968)
* [[/Joseph George Cookson|Cookson, Joseph George &quot;George&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGCW-Z8N] - 1888(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 862, 1925; 2COCP 21, 1929; 1COCP 34, 1930 - RANRS (1919), AWA - Relationships: Father of Leonard Kenneth Cookson - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Crossover, Vic, 1912-1913; Bacchus Marsh, 1914-1915); mechanic (Alphington, 1917); engineer (Cooktown, 1919); radio engineer (Radio Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1930-1935; Croydon, NSW, 1943-1958) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]
* [[/Leonard Kenneth Cookson|Cookson, Leonard Kenneth &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ8-JHV] - 1917(Vic)-2005(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - AWA - Relationships: Son of Joseph George Cookson - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Concord, NSW, 1943); electrical fitter (Croydon, 1943-1954; Glebe, 1958; Blacktown, 1963-1980) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]

===''COOLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Cooling|Cooling, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVZL-GSC] - 1885(Qld)-1936(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Toowoomba (1924-1927) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 11, 1924, No. 3 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (Toowoomba, 1924), (Halcyon P. 4) - Comment: A tragic end to a productive life - TroveTag: &quot;4BN - Ernest Richard Cooling&quot; - Electoral Rolls: letter carrier (Toowoomba, 1908); telegraphist (Bowen, 1912); postal assistant (Toowoomba, 1913-1930)
===''COOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Saint Coombe|Coombe, Geoffrey Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-TXS] - 1913(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5ML Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1931-1939; Croydon, 1947-1948; Brooklyn Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 756, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5MR Jack Robert Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, 1941)
* [[/Jack Robert Saint Coombe|Coombe, Jack Robert Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-T3C] - 1910(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5MR Adelaide (Stirling West, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2923, 1949, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5ML Geoffrey Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, SA, 1941); electrical mechanic (Mt Lofty, SA, 1943)

===''COOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edwin Charles Cooper|Cooper, Alfred Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV9-9GK] - 1904(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2AL Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1926); 2UO Sydney (Northbridge, 1947-1950); 2AUO Sydney (Yacht Asgard, 1948-1960); 4AY Surfers Paradise (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 180, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 626, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fruit merchant (Ashfield, 1931); director (Northbridge, 1943-1958); company director (Clareville, 1963-1977)
* [[/Eric Cooper|Cooper, Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1M-WC4] - 1925(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 870, 1960, Tas - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Evandale, 1949); radio technician (Evandale, 1954)
* [[/Ernest Edward Cooper|Cooper, Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5F-RLJ] - 1905(Tas)-1951(Tas) - Licences: 7MK Launceston (Youngtown, 1926-1927); 7MC Launceston (City, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 261, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 151, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: may be related to 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1975) Eric Cooper  - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Ulverstone, 1936; Launceston East, 1943; Launceston West, 1949) 
* [[/Harold More Cooper|Cooper, Harold More or Harold Moore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ58-SJP] - 1886(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923-1925); 5HG Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 257, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; submarine cable telegraphist; archaeologist; historian - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cooper-harold-more-9821 ADB]
* [[/James Herbert Cooper|Cooper, James Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVTJ-14B] - 1914(NSW)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2ZG Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1930-1939 - Qualifications: AOCP 701, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Crows Nest, 1936-1943); broker (Mosman, 1949); stock and sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1949-1968); sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1972); broker (St Ives, 1977-1980)

===''CORDINGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harold Cordingley|Cordingley, Charles Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJK-SB4] - 1892(Eng)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ararat, 1913); electrical engineer (Flemington, 1915-1919); engineer (Ascot Vale, 1921-1954)
===''CORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert James Core|Core, Herbert James &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PF-R2Q] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4HC Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2012, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 392, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; formerly Sydney - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1929); assistant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949; Camp Hill, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''CORNELIUS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Edward Cornelius|Cornelius, Eric Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7P-2MD] - 1916(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6EC Albany (1936-1939); 6EC Kalgoorlie (1947-1948); 6EC Wagin (1954-1955); 6EC Perth (Inglewood, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1635, 1936, WA; TVOCP 200, 1959 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Station 6WA, Wagin, 1949-1954; Inglewood, WA, 1958-1977)

===''CORNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Cameron Corney|Corney, Kenneth Cameron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-2MB] - 1899(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: V755 Receive Bairnsdale (1922); 3GY Receive Bairnsdale (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gogeldrie, NSW, 1949); grazier (Metung, Vic, 1963-1980)

===''COTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alfred Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNH3-P9L] - 1897(SA)-1973(SA) - Licences: XVS Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5HY Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1926-1928; Colonel Light Gardens, 1931; Kilburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 270, 1926, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA SA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Semaphore, 1939); clerk (Findon, 1943)
* [[/Arthur Tylney Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Tylney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7G8-SGG] - 1884(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive Spring Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kelvedon, 1914-1963)
* [[/Leith Simpson Cotton|Cotton, Leith Simpson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR2-12K] - 1905(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5LG Adelaide (Burnside, 1932-1933); 5LG Iron Knob (1937-1939); 5LG Adelaide (Clarence Gardens, 1946-1948; Parkholme, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1023, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Iron Knob, 1939-1941)

===''COTTRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Morgan Cottrell|Cottrell, Joseph William Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VLW-L1Y] - 1897(NSW)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 2ZF Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1923); 2ZN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1925; Coogee, 1926-1930; Maroubra Junction, 1931; Dundas, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Carlingford, 1948-1950); 2ADX Sydney (Dundas/Portable, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 367, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 1, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coogee, 1930); broadcaster (Dundas, 1933-1934); radio operator (Dundas, 1936-1943); technician (Carlingford, 1949)

===''COUCHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Clyde McGregor Couchman|Couchman, Clifford Clyde McGregor &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQLS-T4D] - 1907(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4KZ Kaimkillenbun (1930-1939); 4KZ Dalby (1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 151, 1930; COCP 1st Class Marconi School (Halcyon) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Navy, wireless officer); broadcast technician (PMGD, 4QS); business proprietor (electrical &amp; radio, Dalby) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Kaimkillenbun, 1930-1937); engineer (Dalby, 1943-1963); electrical engineer (Dalby, 1968)
===''COULTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Maxwell Coulter|Coulter, Jack Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-MXK] - 1912(SA)-1985(???) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1937); 3MV Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939); 5JD Adelaide (Ashford, 1947-1948; Ackland Gardens, 1954-1960); 5JK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1712, 1936, SA; 2COCP 812, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Caulfield West, Vic, 1937); RAN (Port Melbourne, Vic, 1943)

===''COUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Couper|Couper, Andrew &quot;Andy&quot; Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6R8-R1T] - 1893(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: XQM Mareeba (1914); 4BW Mareeba (1923-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 71, 1925, No. 5 in Qld - early wireless experimenter (1914 &amp; likely earlier unlicensed); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: iron moulder (Mareeba, 1913-1932); engineer (Mareeba, 1936-1958)

===''COURT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Court|Court, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-Q5T] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4CT Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Bayswater, Qld, 1925-1936; Kedron, Qld, 1937-1958)
* [[/Thomas Palmer Court|Court, Thomas Palmer Jnr]] - 1895(Vic)-1976(NSW) - XNY Melbourne (Malvern, 1913-1914), 3BO Melbourne (Malvern, 1922), 3TC Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1927), early wireless experimenter (CPRT 211, 1916), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic, secretary, 1919-1920+), employment (radio salesman, 1928; STC, chief design engineer, 1954), IRE Aust (president, 1950-1951), father also named Thomas Palmer Court (1861, Vic - 1944, NSW)

===''COUSENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Light Reynolds Cousens|Cousens, Harold Light Reynolds]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDG9-3SK] - 1888(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N743 Receive Summer Hill (1922); 2HW Receive Summer Hill (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Tamworth, 1930-1963)
===''COUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Stuart Coutts|Coutts, Edwin Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-698] - 1893(Qld)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4BZ Receive Dalby (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Dalby, 1919-1937); garage proprietor (Dalby, 1943)

===''COWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christian Nesbit Cowan|Cowan, Christian Nesbit]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-6QW] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2PZ Aberdare (1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 613, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 486, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Aberdare, 1930-1963; Cessnock, 1968-1980)

===''COX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Grafton Cox|Cox, Allan (birth) or Allen (census) Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHWX-5XH] - 1892(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 120, 1915; 2COCP 103, 1930; 1COCP 347, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Rockhampton, 1914; Pinkenba, 1916-1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1921-1922; South Yarra, 1926-1927); O.I.C. (Cooktown, 1925; Thursday Island, 1930); radio officer (Clayfield, 1934); O.I.C. (Townsville, 1936-1937); engineer (Rockbank, 1942); wireless officer (Kangaroo Point, 1943; Hendra, Qld, 1949-1958); radio officer (Hendra, 1963-1977)
* [[/Erle Harold Cox|Cox, Erle Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8Z-RG2] - 1903(Tas)-1989(ACT) - Licences: 3BD Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922); 3BD Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1933); 2EP Canberra (Forrest, 1934-1935); 2GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1946-1955); 1GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1956-1965; Mawson, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 245, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist, president Press Gallery, Parliament House 1953 - Awards: O.B.E. for contribution to journalism in Australia 1953 - Relationships: son of Erle Cox, science fiction author [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cox-erle-5799] - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Caulfield, 1931; Gardiner, 1936; Forrest, 1937; Red Hill, 1943-1968; Mawson, 1972-1980)
* [[/Harold Cox|Cox, Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GQ-2RT] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 17, 1914; 1COCP 35, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: several contemporaneous Harold Cox
===''COXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Wooton Coxon|Coxon, Robert Wooton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-HVL] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6RW Northam (1924-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 30, 1924, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer, NT Gov (Director of Mines, 1947); WW2 - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6AG Wally Coxon - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cheltenham, SA, 1943); civil servant (Alice Springs, 1949-1954)
* [[/Walter Ernest Stanley Coxon|Coxon, Walter Ernest Stanley &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY8-JBS] - 1891(NSW)-1968(WA) - Licences: XYK Perth (Maylands, 1913); 6AG Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1925-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939; Bayswater, 1946-1947; Darlington, 1948-1960; Claremont, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 124, 1925, No. ?? in WA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (6WF) - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6RW Robert Wooton Coxon - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Maylands, 1914); engineer (Maylands, 1925-1937); radio engineer (East Perth, 1943; Darlington, 1949-1958); retired (Claremont, 1963-1968) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199311.pdf EA0] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199404.pdf] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199405.pdf EA2]

===''CRAIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith William Craig|Craig, Keith William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNB-7FD] - 1921(NSW)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 2AJV Newcastle (Stockton, 1938-1939); 2EP Newcastle (New Lambton, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2102, 1938, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Stockton, 1943); fitter (Lambton, 1949; New Lambton, 1958-1980)
* [[/Walter Archibald Craig|Craig, Walter Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7X4] - 1907(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2XI Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2XI Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 220, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Croydon, 1930-1954)
===''CRAMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warne Hutton Cramond|Cramond, Warne Hutton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XQB-N2G] - 1898(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2KJ Sydney (Lane Cove, 1928-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 397, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lane Cove, 1930-1949)
===''CRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Rae Cran|Cran, Morris Rae]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-B1J] - 1901(Qld)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 4KX Brisbane (West End, 1930-1939); 2MR Sydney (Rockdale, 1946-1947; Randwick, 1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 570, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West End, 1925-1937); accountant (Bondi, 1943); company secretary (Ranswick, 1954; Coogee, 1958)

===''CRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Layman William Victor Cranch|Cranch, Layman William Victor &quot;Lay&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1993(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer, journalist (editor, Australian Radio and Electronics, 1951), business (manager, Kingsley)
===''CRAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Bruce Cameron Craw|Craw, Russell Bruce Cameron &quot;Bruce&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF2Q-54Y] - 1901(Tas)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 7BC Burnie (1930-1933); 3BC Melbourne (1933-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 671, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Burnie, 1922; North Melbourne, 1924; Burnie, 1928); sales (Middle Park, Vic, 1935)
===''CRAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Thomas Crawford|Crawford, Cedric Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-42L] - 1905(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2YC Sydney (Burwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Burwood, 1930-1933); engineer (Captain's Flat, 1937-1943); mechanical engineer (Broken Hill South, 1954-1963); engineer (St Ives, 1968-1972)
* [[/John Murray Crawford|Crawford, John Murray]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief engineer PMGD, involved establishment of first ABC stations), don't confuse with William Tamillas Stephen Crawford
* [[/William Tamillas Stephen Crawford|Crawford, William Tamillas Stephen &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;W.T.S.C.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G738-35N] - 1880(Vic)-1962(NSW) - state public servant (P&amp;TD, Tas); senior federal public servant (PMGD, radio inspector); RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: don't confuse with John Murray Crawford

===''CREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Creamer|Creamer, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XK-965] - 1903(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2UR Sydney (Glebe Point, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Orange, 1930-1932); electrical engineer (Brewarrina, 1933; Henty, 1934-1935; Grose Vale, 1937; Richmond, 1943-1968)
===''CREDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter John Credlin|Credlin, Peter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-SH8] - 1938(Vic)-1984(NSW) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1954); engineer (Malvern, 1963; Lower Templestowe, 1967-1980)
===''CRESSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Gillespie Cresswell|Cresswell, Frank Gillespie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR45-Q56] - 1880(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3GI Melbourne (East Kew, 1924-1925; Camberwell, 1926-1927); Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - federal public service (PMGD); military (Commonwealth Naval Militia, engineer sublieutenant); RANRS (Radio Commander, terminated Nov 1920) - not to be confused with William Rooke '''Creswell''' - Electoral Rolls: instrument fitter (Camberwell, 1903-1906); Engineer-Lieutenant RAN (Prahran, 1912); naval officer (St Kilda, 1914); lieutenant RAN (Hawthorn, 1915-1919); RAN (Kew, 1922-1924); commandant RAN (Frankston, 1928-1934); naval officer (Olivers Hill, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1943); retired (Somers, 1949; Mt Eliza, 1954; Frankston, 1963)
* [[/Harry Leslie Cresswell|Cresswell, Harry Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9456-49G] - 1917(Qld)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 4DL Brisbane (Coorparoo, Qld, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified, likely RAN - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, Petty Officer Telegraphist, KIA, HMAS Yarra) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10293831 AWM] [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1690529 Roll of Honour]

===''CRESWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rooke Creswell|Creswell, William Rooke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4L-WRS] - 1852(Gibraltar)-1933(Vic) - early wireless experimenter (Lytton, Moreton Island), military (RAN; Qld Maritime Defence Force, commandant; Commonwealth Naval Forces, commandant) - Generally considered the father of the RAN, not to be confused with Frank Gillespie '''Cresswell''' - Electoral Rolls: naval commandant (South Brisbane, 1903-1905); director (Toorak, 1909-1919) - Links: [[w:William Rooke Creswell|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/creswell-sir-william-rooke-5817 ADB] [https://www.navy.gov.au/biography/vice-admiral-sir-william-rooke-creswell RAN]

===''CRIBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dunmore Foote Cribb|Cribb, Dunmore Foote]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPP-YQH] - 1899(Qld)-1946(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 134, 1925, No. 15 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Indooroopilly, 1921-1943)
===''CRICHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Robert Crichton|Crichton, Stanley Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK76-MZH] - 1893(NZ)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KH East Maitland (1929-1935); 9OU Port Moresby (1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 542, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 100, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (East Maitland, 1930-1935); wireless operator (Maclean, 1936); Radio 2NR (Lawrence, 1937); wireless operator (Ashfield, 1949); PMG technician (Ashfield, 1954-1963)
===''CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cridge, Wilfred Edgar Launder - See Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge

===''CRISP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Charles Crisp|Crisp, Henry Charles &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-5T2] - 1909(NSW)-1996(???) - Licences: 2LX Sydney (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933; Cronulla, 1934-1939, 1946); 2LX Ettalong (1947-1955); 2LX Woy Woy (1956-1961); 2LX Urunga (1965); 2LX Sydney (Cronulla, 1969; Gorokan, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 614, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: &quot;Henry Charles&quot; carrier (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933); radio dealer (Cronulla, 1934-1937); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; examiner (Bondi, 1943); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; no occupation (Ettalong, 1949); &quot;Henry Charles&quot; radio dealer (Ettalong, 1954-1963); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; motel proprietor (Urunga, 1968); manager (Sans Souci, 1972); retired (Cronulla, 1972); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; retired (Gorokan, 1977-1980)

===''CROCKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Edward Crocker|Crocker, Claude Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8R6-RZW] - 1875(USA)-1929(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West Perth, 1922-1925)
* [[/Edward Baker Crocker|Crocker, Edward Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYHX-65B] - 1867(Wales)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2BB Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2BB Sydney (Marrickville, 1922-1930) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 95, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: provision merchant (Marrickville, 1933-1937); retired (Marrickville, 1943-1949); no occupation (Earlwood, 1949-1954)
===''CROME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Keith Crome|Crome, Harry Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZTL-HF9] - 1908(Tas)-1975(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (New Town, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Hobart North, 1936-1954); linotype operator Melbourne (Alphington, 1963-1972) 
===''CROMIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Thomas Cromie|Cromie, Charles Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Z4-73H] - 1883(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager (Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 3UZ) - Electoral Rolls: draper (Maffra, 1903; Korumburra, 1905; East Melbourne, 1909; Maffra, 1912); engineer (East Melbourne, 1914); electrical engineer (Malvern, 1915-1917); engineer (Elsternwick, 1919; Caulfield, 1924-1927); electrical engineer (Melbourne East, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); engineer (Caulfield, 1934); director (Armadale, 1936-1949)
===''CROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Leonard Crooks|Crooks, James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK93-6HV] - 1890(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923-1925); 7BQ Launceston (1925-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 61, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (PMG) - Relationships: father of 3AAC John Peter Crooks - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914; Launceston, 1919-1968); no occupation (Low Head, 1972)
* [[/John Peter Crooks|Crooks, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRZL-Z2J] - 1921(Tas)-2013(Vic) - Licences: 3AAC Colac (1960); 3AAC Bulleen (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 2107, 1938, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 7BQ James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot; Crooks - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Elsternwick, 1949); engineer (East Geelong, 1954; Bulleen, 1963-1977)
===''CROPLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cropley|Cropley, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-YVK] - 1893(NSW)-1935(NSW) - Licences: N735 Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922); 2HT Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of Mervyn Eric Cropley - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Homebush, 1930-1933) 
* [[/Mervyn Eric Cropley|Cropley, Mervyn Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLG-MYS] - 1920(NSW)-1951(Aus) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 403, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2HT Eric William Cropley - Electoral Rolls: radio officer (Homebush, 1943); salesman (Blaxland, 1949)
===''CROUCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Casimir Crouch|Crouch, Ernest Casimir &quot;Ern&quot;]] - 1908(???)-1989(NSW) - 2QJ Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1923), 2EC Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1939), 2EC Orange (1946-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 16, 1924, No. 6 in NSW), amateur broadcaster; engineer; Mosman Radio Laboratories 1927 (proprietor?)

===''CROWDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Crowder, Joyce Isabel see Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel

===''CULLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Norman Seth Culliver|Culliver, Francis Norman Seth &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-SWD] - 1891(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3DP Receive Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1922); 3DP Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923-1925; Hawthorn, 1925-1927); 3UG Melbourne (Rye, 1948-1956); 3UG Queenscliff (1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of Keith Norman Culliver &amp; Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1931-1954)
* [[/Ian Douglas Culliver|Culliver, Ian Douglas &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-WDM] - 1916?(Vic)-2002(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 655, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Keith Norman Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)
* [[/Keith Norman Culliver|Culliver, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-753] - 1914(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 656, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)

===''CUMMING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Humberstone Cumming|Cumming, William Humberstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLF-9FS] - 1903(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 3BK Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Notting Hill, 1931); engineer (Cheltenham, 1931); contractor (Malvern, 1936-1949); engineer (Malvern, 1954)
===''CUMMINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Cummings|Cummings, Bruce]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1928, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''CUMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Vincent Cummins|Cummins, Reginald Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-FLN] - 1911(Qld)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4VC Brisbane (Newmarket, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1939, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (East Ipswich, Qld, 1934-1937); public servant (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''CUNLIFFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James August Cunliffe|Cunliffe, James August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7KX-DQW] - 1904(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3ZO Melbourne (Croxton, 1930-1931; Preston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947); 3AZO Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1954; East Preston, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 597, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinet maker (Preston, 1927); electrician (Preston East, 1931-1942); cabinet maker (Preston East, 1949); carpenter (Preston East, 1963-1980)  
===''CUNNINGHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hugh Cunningham|Cunningham, Robert Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-Z7M] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3ML Melbourne (Malvern, 1928-1937; Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Frankston, 1946-1947; Malvern, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 463, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Malvern, 1931; Gardiner, 1936-1937); RAAF (Frankston, 1949); manager (Malvern, 1949-1954); director (Malvern, 1963-1980) - R. H. Cunningham, electronics retailer?

===''CURETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Poyner Cureton|Cureton, John Poyner &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L29Y-H1R] - 1905(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2AY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2AY Sydney (Burwood, 1923-1930); 2AU Sydney (Burwood, 1930-1933; Gordon, 1933-1934; Burwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1950); 2AU Little Hartley (1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 168, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2AY callsign withdrawn by PMGD in 1930 and reallocated to new commercial 2AY Albury - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Burwood, 1930; Parkes, 1936); engineer (Burwood, 1943); grazier (Little Hartley, 1958)
===''CURLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Clarence Curle|Curle, George Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ25-DZZ] - 1914(NSW)-1941(Egypt) - licences: 2AJB Sydney (Chullora, 1937-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 1813, 1937, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 310, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), WW2 - electoral rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''CURNOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Ross Curnow|Curnow, Geoffrey Ross]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - historian (wireless &amp; broadcasting), &quot;The history of the development of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia to 1942, with especial reference to the Australian Broadcasting Commission : a political and administrative study&quot;
===''CURRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Benjamin John Currie|Currie, Francis Benjamin John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8JP] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: None yet found - Qualifications: AOCP 395, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: checker (Albert Park, Vic, 1936); storeman (Semaphore, 1939; Queensbury, 1941)
* [[/James Lawrence Currie|Currie, James Lawrence &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-9GW] - 1905(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Bundaberg (1936-1937); 4LC Proserpine (1938-1939); 4LC St George (1946-1956); 4LC Brisbane (Dutton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1631, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; power station engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, Qld, 1929; Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Blackhall, Qld, 1943; St George, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Caboolture, Qld, 1958)

===''CURTIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. F. Curtis|Curtis, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AI Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CUSACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Chanel Cusack|Cusack, Leo Chanel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YN-49P] - 1897(NSW)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Port Moresby (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 229, 1916; 1COCP 319, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maroubra, 1930); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1931-1936; Maroubra, 1943); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1949); radio operator (Darwin, 1949-1954); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1958-1963); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Sidney Claude Cusack|Cusack, Sidney or Sydney Claude or Claud]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW42-D16] - 1885(Eng)-1973(Canada) - Licences: 5CK Adelaide (Dulwich, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 5, 1914 (No. 5 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1916)

===''CUSHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Thomas Cushen|Cushen, Arthur Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQL-FP3] - 1920(NZ)-1997(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1930s to 1990s; DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club, DX Australia) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen/ Autobiography]; [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tributes]

===''CUSITER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Macgregor Cusiter|Cusiter, Robert William Macgregor &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6H8-73C] - 1908(NSW)-1970(???) - 2RW Sydney (Lewisham, 1925-1926; Turramurra, 1927-1929; Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1931-1939, 1946-1955; Hornsby, 1956-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 203, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1930-1949; Hornsby, 1958-1968), AWA, PMGD, WW2 (worked on defence electronics)

===''CUTHBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Cuthbert|Cuthbert, Henry]] - 1829(Irl)-1907(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1877-Jul 1878; Mar 1880-Aug 1880)
===''CUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gregory Maxwell Cutts|Cutts, Gregory Maxwell &quot;Maxwell&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQBR-22Q] - 1903(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2GM Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 17, 1924, No. 7 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor (2ML, Mosman Radio Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mosman, 1930-1937; Abbotsford, 1949); sales manager (North Ryde, 1954-1963); manager (Cheltenham, 1972-1980)

=='''D'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''DAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Luja Dahl|Dahl, Norman Luja]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L433-MY6] - 1888(NZ)-1938(Qld) - Licences: 2ND Sydney (Wahroonga, 1933-1937); 4ND Ayr (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1079, 1933, NSW; AOLCP 249, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: consulting engineer (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1935); teacher (Wahroonga, NSW, 1937); company director (Ayr, Qld, 1936-1937)
* [[/Oscar Sydney Dahl|Dahl, Oscar Sydney &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLWV-S5D] - 1904(NZ)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4KA Ayr (1933-1935); 7KA Hobart (1947); 4KA Ayr (1948); 9KA Lae (1969); 4VT Innisfail (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1151, 1933, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; surveyor - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Arapuni, NZ,  1928-1931); tramline engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1931-1936); engineer (Gordonvale, Qld, 1937); civil engineer (Fitzgerald, Tas, 1943; Ayr, Qld, 1949-1958); surveyor (Innisfail, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''DALBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dalby|Dalby, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BI Adelaide (SA School of Mines, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Directories: lecturer (School of Mines, Adelaide, 1922-1934) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DALTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Martin Dalton|Dalton, Robert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-SH3] - 1897(Vic)-1949(Vic) - Licences: XLB Melbourne (Auburn, 1913); 3UI Mildura (1923-1925); 3UI Melbourne (Balaclava, 1925-1926; Caulfield, 1927; Camberwell, 1931-1933); 3UN Melbourne (Camberwell, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 158, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Mildura, 1919-1924); radio engineer (Hawthorn, 1926-1927); clerk (Camberwell, 1928); sales (Camberwell, 1931-1949)

===''DANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Dane|Dane, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYF7-5RS] - 1868(Eng)-1928(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3JD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (Hawthorn, 1908-1909); merchant (Auburn, 1912-1927)
===''DANGERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Henry Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Joseph Henry &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-22D] - 1911(Eng)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NF Townsville (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1686, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (radio electrical salesman) - Relationships: brother of 4NL Norman Gerard Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1937-1954); mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Airlie Beach, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Norman Gerard Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Norman Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-5FD] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NL Ayr (1936-1939); 4ND Ayr (1956-1965); 4ND Brisbane (Sherwood, 1969-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1687, 1936, Qld; BOCP 1062, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Elphinstones); broadcast technician (4AY, ABC Townsville); business proprietor (radio) - Halcyon: AOCP at 16yo - Relationships: brother of 4NF Joseph Henry Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: aircraft fitter (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Ayr, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Ayr, Qld, 1954; Home Hill, Qld, 1958); clerk (Sherwood, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''DANIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Septimus Daniel|Daniel, Louis Septimus]] - 1834(Eng)-1909(Vic) - experimented with etheric force in mid 1870s, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society of Victoria, member), employment (Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs, concluding acting Secretary, 1897), linguist

===''DARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Darley|Darley, Ernest John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4BX-9ZK] - 1898(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6CJ Perth (South Perth, 1923-1930) - Qualifications: cc;  CPRT 243, 1916; 2COCP 835, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor importer (South Perth, 1925-1936); importer (Rockingham, 1943); technician (South Perth, 1954-1963)

===''DAVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Barrett Davey|Davey, Harold Barrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYY-FN4] - 1898(Tas)-1948(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Launceston, 1922); electrician (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John Alfred Davey|Davey, John Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6X-FSF] - 1913(SA)-1992(Qld) - 2YE Sydney (Glebe Point, 1935-1938; Ashfield, 1939; Homebush, 1946-1975), amateur operator (1COCP 19, 1934; 3COCP 1029, 1952), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer
* [[/John Anderton Davey|Davey, John Anderton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-3ZH] - 1909(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923), 3AD Melbourne (Brighton, 1925-1926; Elsternwick, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 66, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, manufacturer's agent
* [[/Ralph William Davey|Davey, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGN-W9X] - 1916(SA)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 5KD Adelaide (North Croydon, 1935-1939; Mile End, 1947; Blanchetown, 1948); 5DY Portable Adelaide (North Croydon, 1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1481, 1935, SA; 1COCP 515, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Ridleyton North, SA, 1939; Whyalla, SA, 1941-1948); RAAF (Guildford, WA, 1958; Beaumaris, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''DAVIDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. R. Davidson|Davidson, E. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FP Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DAVIES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Tempest Davies|Davies, Henry Tempest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G889-FX9] - 1900(WA)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6HD Perth (Highgate Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 563, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Balkatta, 1921); police officer (Mundijong, 1943); sergeant (Victoria Park, 1949-1958; Lathlain Park, 1963-1977; Victoria Park, 1980)
* [[/Reginald Raymond Clifford Davies|Davies, Reginald Raymond Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGM-73Y] - 1915(SA)-1988(WA) - Licences: 5LJ Adelaide (Goodwood Park, 1933-1939; Plympton, 1947-1948); 3AY Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1960; Heathmont, 1965-1969); 6BQ Perth (Bickley, 1975); 6BQ Denmark (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1138, 1933, SA; BOCP 121, 1937; 1COCP 534, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM Berri, SA, 1941); mechanic (Plympton, SA, 1941-1943); public servant (Prahran, Vic, 1954); retired (Bickley, WA, 1972-1977)

===''DAVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Hargan Davis|Davis, Henry Hargan or Hargon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT6C-6MB] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Strathfield, 1923-1924); 2HH Sydney (Strathfield, 1926-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 289, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Strathfield, 1930-1936); engineer (Strathfield, 1943) - Professor Henry Hargan Davis, BSc, BE (Syd), PhD (Camb), 1946-1973 (Emeritus Professor 1974) [https://docplayer.net/82920769-Engineering-education-the-university-of-adelaide.html]
* [[/Ross Raleigh Davis|Davis, Ross Raleigh &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ54-9Q4] - 1907(Vic)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2DS Receive Sydney (Vaucluse, 1920-1922); 2DS Sydney (Vaucluse, 1923-1929; Double Bay, 1930-1933; Rose Bay, 1933-1938; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 249, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 934, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: accompanied 2CM on the SS Tahiti; education (Sydney Technical College, Electrical Engineering Degree); employment (AWA, engineer, 1925-1973) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Double Bay, 1930; Rose Bay, 1933-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1958; Rose Bay, 1958-1980)

===''DAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dawson|Dawson, Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 559, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stovemaker (Hurlstone Park, 1930); storeman (Marrickville, 1931) - Not yet fully identified
* [[/Richard Stanley Dawson|Dawson, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2NQ] - 1897(Vic)-1983(NSW) - Licences: XZP Hobart (1913-1914); 3DA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 282, 1917 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1919); electrical engineer (Melbourne, 1921-1924; Toorak, 1925-1926; South Yarra, 1927-1928); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1930; Mosman, 1931-1972; Roseville, NSW, 1977)

===''DEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Launston Alexander Deane|Deane, Launston Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-182] - 1909(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5LD Adelaide (Tusmore, 1933; Hazelwood Park, 1937-1939; Royston Park, 1947-1955; Hazelwood Park, 1956-1965; St Georges, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1090, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Burnside, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Kyrle Deane|Deane, Raymond Kyrle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-HB1] - 1917(SA)-2010(SA)93yo - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1728, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Fullarton, SA, 1939-1941); clerk (Fullarton, SA, 1943)

===''DE BAVAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Jean Xavier de Bavay|de Bavay, Francis Jean or John Xavier ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFJ-D1R] - 1887(Vic)-1955(Tas) - Licences: 4FO Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Kew, Vic, 1909); brewer (West Perth, WA, 1916); chemist (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1921); manager (New Farm, Qld, 1925); master brewer (Cascades, Tas, 1928-1936); manager (Hobart South, Tas, 1943-1954)

===''DE CRESPIGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Philip Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCJG-QN9] - 1879(Vic)-1918(Palestine) - Licences: XPU Melbourne (Brighton, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Relationships: half brother of 3FM Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Royalieu Dana Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH7P-7SD] - 1905(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Brighton, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Elmhurst, 1936-1949); farmer (Cobden, 1954; South Ecklin, 1963-1980) - Relationships: half brother of XPU Philip Champion de Crespigny

===''DE CURE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Gerard de Cure|de Cure, John Edward Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVD6-DWD] - 1899(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 3WL Melbourne (Coburg, 1929-1933); 5KO Adelaide (Glenelg, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 2KO Sydney (Artarmon, 1957-1958); 5KO Adelaide (Fulham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 535, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 22, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cobden, 1954); public servant (North Carlton, 1921-1924; Coburg, 1927-1934; Artarmon, NSW, 1958)

===''DEARNESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Sinclair Dearness|Dearness, Harry Sinclair]] - 19??-2004(Qld) - 4KW Mackay (1939, 1946-1975), Brisbane (Strathpine) (1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2328, 1939, No. ? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, AIF), employment (radio &amp; TV mechanic)

===''DEEGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Edward Deegan|Deegan, Stanley Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYK3-2V3] - 1893(Tas)-1944(Tas) - Licences: 7AK Hobart (St Virgil's College, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; public servant (State &amp; Federal, PMGD); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922); civil servant (Hobart, 1928-1936); postal official (Hobart, 1943)
===''DEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival William Deer|Deer, Percival William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2DJ-9ZF] - 1901(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5DR Adelaide (Seacliff, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 451, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brighton, 1939-1943)

===''DELBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Joseph Robert Delbridge|Delbridge, Reginald Joseph Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L439-HNM] - 1888(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4RJ Childers (1927); 4RJ Brisbane (Paddington, 1931-1933; Booval, 1937-1939); 4RJ Stanthorpe (1946-1948); 4RJ Brisbane (Northgate, 1954-1955; Toowong, 1956); 4RJ Burleigh Heads (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 383, 1927, No. 42 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), minister of religion - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Ingham, 1917-1919); minister (Kingaroy, 1925); clergyman (Ashgrove, 1943); minister (Stanthorpe, 1949); minister of religion (New Farm, 1954); Methodist Minister (Toowong, 1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963)
===''DELLIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Stephen Dellit|Dellit, Samuel Stephen]] - Licences: VK4ZSS Brisbane, VK3 Melbourne, VK1DXA Canberra - Qualifications: AOLCP Q0078, 1971 - amateur operator, broadcast DXer, broadcast planning engineer, federal public servant, radio historian (aeradio, amateur, broadcast, coastal)

===''DEMPSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter McInnes Dempsey|Dempsey, Walter McInnes &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTQN-B69] - 1910(Vic)-2010(Vic) - Licences: 3WD Melbourne (Cheltenham, 1929-1931); 7WD Cambridge (1948); 3AZD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1954); 3WD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1955-1969; Oak Park, 1975); 3WD Marong (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 515, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 41, 1931; 1COCP 217, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Cheltenham, 1931; Mordialloc, 1936-1937); radio operator (Mentone, 1942); aeradio operator (Cambridge, Tas, 1949); public servant (Pascoe Vale, 1954-1968; Oak Park, 1972); retired (Marong, 1977-1980)

===''DENBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Roy Denby|Denby, Harry Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJTS-LLS] - 1906(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4FR Receive Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923); 4AX Brisbane (Kedron, 1936-1939); 4AX Cairns (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1800, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937; Cairns, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''DENISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Robert Denison|Denison or Dixson, Hugh Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-WTC] - 1865(NSW)-1940(Vic) - born Hugh Robert Dixson; businessman, parliamentarian, philanthropist; director of Australasian Wireless Co. then Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) - Links: [[w:Hugh Denison|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-hugh-robert-5955 ADB]

===''DENNEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Roy Denneen|Denneen, Harold Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-6YG] - 1894(NSW)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (A/g Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928-1937)
===''DENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Roy Dennett|Dennett, Phillip or Philip Roy or Ray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNX4-D9K] - 1897(SA)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 5IV Berri (1931-1938); 4IV Camooweal (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 799, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Morningside, Qld, 1943; West End, Qld, 1949-1954; Rockhampton, Qld, 1958); public servant (Morningside, Qld, 1963-1977)

===''DERHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Thomas Derham|Derham, Frederick Thomas]] - 1844(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Victorian Postmaster-General (1886-1890)
===''DERRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/V. M. Derrick|Derrick, V. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2VM Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DEVITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Lane Devitt|Devitt, Raymond Lane]] - 1905(Tas)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6DR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 990, 1928; 2COCP 287, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
===''DEWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Owen Dewan|Dewan, John Owen (Electoral Rolls) or Owen John (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-2D4] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6JK Perth (Maylands, 1930-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933; City, 1937; North Perth, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 715, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 3COCP 188, 1936; 2COCP 99, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Maylands, WA, 1931; North Perth, 1934-1937); teacher (East Perth, WA, 1943); trade instructor (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Dexter|Dexter, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G428-3PS] - 1906(Eng)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DR Melbourne (Northcote, 1926-1927); 3VR Melbourne (Sandringham, 1938-1939; Black Rock, 1946-1956; Parkdale, 1960-1965; Mt Eliza, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 241, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Northcote, 1927); engineer (Preston, 1931; Sandringham, 1942-1954); radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1963); retired (Mt Eliza, 1968-1980)

===''DICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Dick|Dick, F.]] - abt 1883(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''DIDDAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Harlin Flower Diddams|Diddams, Robert Harlin or Harland Flower]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZN-YJP] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Toowong, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925); printer (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); retired (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1968)

===''DILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Dillon|Dillon, Arthur Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot; &quot;Ern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85L-HH7] - 1902(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1922); 4CH Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, 1925); engineer (New Farm, 1929); electrical engineer (Atherton, 1931-1932); electrician (Greenslopes, 1943-1954; Mt Gravatt, 1958)

===''DINEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Dineen|Dineen, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM8L-9R6] - 1919(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7GD Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1588, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 6330, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Launceston, 1949-1968)
===''DIRCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Alfred Dircks|Dircks, Alexander Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-6GN] - 1858(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - senior federal public servant (PMGD, Electrical Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gurnhill Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Gurnhill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G826-18S] - 1896(Tas)-1966(Vic) - Licences: XZA Wynyard (1913-1914); 3JG Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1933); 3AD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 3AVE Melbourne (Nunawading, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 462, 1919; 2COCP 160, 1930; 1COCP 271, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Wynyard, 1919); wireless mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934); technician (Auburn, 1936-1937); inspector (Surrey Hills, 1943-1963) - Probate: retired marine inspector (Melbourne, 1966)
* [[/Arthur Lionel Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82F-YX7] - 1897(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 236 Sydney (Burwood, 1920); 2BS Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2AD Sydney (Canterbury, 1929; Strathfield, 1930); 4AD Brisbane (Norman Park, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 202, 1916; 2COCP 288, 1930; 1COCP 170, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Concord, NSW, 1930; Norman Park, Qld, 1931-1943); RANVR (Kyeemagh, 1943); engineer (Waverton, 1949; Eastwood, 1954; Lidcombe North, 1958); managing director (Blakehurst, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Musgrave Dixon|Dixon, Charles Frederick Musgrave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L27B-XXY] - 1894(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2II Receive Cootamundra (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Cootamundra, 1930-1937); telegraphist (Goulburn, 1943; Annandale, 1949-1954; Camperdown, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Malcolm Dixon|Dixon, John Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWD1-HXH] - 1922(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); education (Scots College, 1935-1939); military (WW2, AIF, 1942-1945) - Links: [https://www.scotch.vic.edu.au/greatscot/2008decGS/74.htm Obit]
* [[/Lionel Stanley Dixon|Dixon, Lionel Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PR-QD2] - 1912(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 3TE Melbourne (Croydon, 1947-1948; Elwood, 1954-1980); 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2177, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Glenferrie, Vic, 1934-1937); builder (Box Hill South, Vic, 1949; Elsternwick, Vic, 1954-1967; Elwood, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZI Condong (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4GF Victoria Hills, Herbert River (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Reginald Hilton Dixon|Dixon, Reginald Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82N-FQV] - 1915(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2QD Albury (1933-1937); 2QD Armidale (1938-1939); 2QD Albury (1946-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1216, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Albury, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (Albury, 1972-1977)

===''DODDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stokell Dodds|Dodds, Sir John Stokell Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMYR-2KQ] - 1906(Tas)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 7DJ Hobart (City, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 208, 1935; AOCP 1851, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Town, 1936-1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954); electrical engineer (Wahroonga, 1958-1968); manager (St Ives, 1972)
* [[/John William Matthew Dodds|Dodds, John William Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NX-3CT] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KK Kurri Kurri (1930-1939); 2AZD Newcastle (New Lambton, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 644, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: miner (Kuri Kurri, 1930-1949; New Lambton, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Henry Dodds|Dodds, Leonard Henry &quot;Len&quot;]] - 1908(NSW)-1983(Qld) - 4GD Townsville (1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Townsville ARC, life member), military (Navy, RAAF), employment (PMGD)
* [[/Ronald George Dodds|Dodds, Ronald George]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
===''DODDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Doddy|Doddy, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-HWS] - 1899(Tas)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WH Perth (Claremont, 1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1817, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Claremont, WA, 1931-1958)

===''DOHRMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Stanley Glenville Dohrmann|Dohrmann, George Stanley Glenville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-TB8] - 1902(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922); 3AM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Canterbury, Vic, 1924-1926); warehouseman (Burwood, Vic, 1931; Canterbury, 1937-1943); agriculturalist (Mt Dandenong, 1949-1954; Mooroolbark, 1968-1980)

===''DOIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Louis Doig|Doig, Norman Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSD-M17] - 1912(WA)-2014(WA)101yo - Licences: 6ND Carnamah (1937-1939); 6CB Perth (Floreat Park, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2061, 1937, WA; 3COCP 1505, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Carnamah, WA, 1936-1937; Floreat Park, WA, 1943); telegraphist (City Beach, WA, 1949; Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley, WA, 1968-1972); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1977-1980)

===''DONNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Walter Donne|Donne, Charles Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FC7] - 1897(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: XLO Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 2YD Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925); 3YD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 271, 1916; 2COCP 87, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Seaman) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (St Kilda, 1919-1924); technician (St Kilda, 1925-1931); dealer (Armadale, 1934-1937); investor (Mornington, 1943); grazier (Dromana, 1949-1954); nil (Mornington, 1963-1972) - Migration: South Africa (1955-1962)
===''DOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Lawson Dook|Dook, Valentine Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7X1-NJH] - 1903(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KB Perth (Maylands, 1931-1933; Mt Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 754, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter's assistant (East Perth, WA, 1931); oil plant attendant (Leederville, WA, 1936-1937); control room operator (Leederville, WA, 1943; Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); electrical foreman (Wembley, WA, 1958-1977)

===''DORWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haxton Dorward|Dorward, William Haxton, Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD77-X62] - 1901(Vic)-1937(NSW) - Licences: 3CA Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922-1923); 3CA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Sandringham, 1924-1926); grazier (Moama, 1930; Fort Station, Barnes, 1935-1937)

===''DOUBIKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Thomas Henry Doubikin|Doubikin, William Thomas Henry]] - 1890(Vic)-1927(Tas) - Licences: Hobart Receive 1920s, early wireless experimenter (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, Councillor, 1924), passed too soon
===''DOUDNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Doudney|Doudney, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MQDH-R32] - 1873(Eng)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Receive Melbourne (Balaclava, 1922); 3EM Melbourne (Balaclava, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 63, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion (Holy Trinity Church) - Electoral Rolls: vicar (St Kilda, 1924-1942); nil (Caulfield, 1949-1954; Elsternwick, 1963)
===''DOUGLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gavin Cunningham Douglas|Douglas, Gavin Cunningham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99J-KJ4] - 1912(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3YK Melbourne (Bayswater, 1931-1939, 1947-1950+; Blackburn, 1954; Canterbury, 1955-1960+; Surrey Hills, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 743, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bayswater, 1935-1949); sales representative (Canterbury, 1963; Surrey Hills, 1968-1980)
* [[/Gordon Adye Douglas|Douglas, Gordon Adye]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRVY-WLJ] - 1878(Tas)-1957(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Receive Gormanston (1923); Receive Gormanston (1923); 7GD Gormanston (1924-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 34, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Gormanston, 1914-1928); draughtsman (Queenstown, 1936); geological surveyor (Queenstown, 1937-1943); no occupation (Hobart South, 1949; Blackman's Bay, 1954)
* [[/Hugh Alexander McKay Douglas|Douglas, Hugh Alexander McKay &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV3Y-3W4] - 1889(Eng)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2HD (Class B) Newcastle (1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Class B broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a Listener) - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Newcastle, 1913); vulcaniser (Hamilton, 1930-1935); manager (Newcastle, 1936-1937); engineer (Mayfield, 1943; Hamilton, 1949)

===''DOWDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Lorens Thomas Dowding|Dowding, Philip Lorena or Loreno or Lorens Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZH8-Z6D] - 1901(Tas)-19??(Vic) - Licences: 7AC Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Moonah, 1922); electrician (St Kilda, 1926-1931; Prahran, 1934; Melbourne, 1937; St Kilda, 1943-1949); electrical foreman (Eildon, 1954)
===''DOWNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Downie|Downie, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y2-LQ8] - 1879(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Victoria Police (wireless department, senior constable); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo VPF) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Broadford, 1903); constable (North Carlton, 1909-1924); senior constable (Preston, 1927-1936)
===''DOWNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Evan Downing|Downing, William Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHV4-K46] - 1874(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3LQ Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3LQ Warrnambool (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: brassfounder (Warrnambool, 1912-1937)

===''DOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Laurence Doyle|Doyle, Herbert Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VG-WVC] - 1894(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3HD Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1931); 3CR Melbourne (Malvern, 1933; Kooyong, 1937; Frankston, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 697, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: independent means (St Arnaud, 1924); grazier (Malvern East, 1925-1927); clerk (Malvern East, 1931-1937); home duties (Malvern, 1943)

===''DRAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James George Drake|Drake, James George]] - 1850(Eng)-1941(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1880s &amp; 1890s), state politician (Qld MLA, 1880s &amp; 1890s), politician (Postmaster-General 1901-1903)
===''DRANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Edward Draney|Draney, Walter Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KLP-VT7] - 1896(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milton, Qld, 1919; Greenslopes, Qld, 1921-1928; Tully, Qld, 1937; Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba West, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Drayton, Qld, 1980)
===''DREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred John Drew|Drew, Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-1HH] - 1907(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5LN Adelaide (Kensington, 1933-1939; Erindale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1078, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Erindale, SA, 1943)

===''DUBOIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Louis Dubois|Dubois, Paul Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZQ-QN3] - 1918(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 4UJ Brisbane (Rosalie, 1936-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1947; South Brisbane, 1948; Highgate Hill, 1954-1960; Bardon 1960); 4PL Brisbane (Bardon 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1677, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; senior public servant (PMGD, Telstra) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1943; South Brisbane, Qld, 1949); public servant (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1954-1958); engineer (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977); manager telecommunications (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Duff, William Vere Hobart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZC-JGP] - 1893(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3DB Receive Melbourne (Malvern East, 1922); 3DB Melbourne (Malvern East, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Malvern East, 1914); engineer (Malvern East, 1919-1924; Glenferrie, 1931-1937; Toorak, 1943-1954; Harkaway, 1958-1968)
===''DUFFY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Duffy|Duffy, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-QKJ] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Sydney (Redfern, 1933; Woollahra, 1934; Rose Bay, 1935-1937); 4AQ Brisbane (Grange, 1938); 2AQ Sydney (Bondi, 1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; AOLCP 264, 1936; TVOCP 54, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous JDs, needs review - Electoral Rolls: manager (Woollahra, NSW, 1934); engineer (Vaucluse, NSW, 1935);
* [[/Maurice Boyce Duffy|Duffy, Maurice Boyce &quot;Morrie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRYK-S76] - 1886(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/duffy-maurice-boyce-morrie-6030 ADB]
* [[/William Oswald Duffy|Duffy, William Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2Q2] - 1861(Eng)-1916(Tas) - Licences: XZO Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: signalman (Battery Point, 1914)

===''DUGGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry George Duggan|Duggan, Harry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9H-8LW] - 1905(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3XI Warrnambool (1930-1965); 3AXI Warrnambool (1965-1969); 3XI Garvoc (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 592, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Warrnambool, 1931-1954); engineer (Warrnambool, 1963-1968)

===''DUKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon William Dukes|Dukes, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RY-PGT] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2WD Sydney (Forest Lodge, 1930-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1950; Homebush, 1954-1956; Cremorne, 1957-1958; Lane Cove, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 571, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 139, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glebe, 1933-1937); radio engineer (Homebush, 1943-1949); engineer (Cremorne, 1954-1958); technician (Lane Cove, 1963-1980)

===''DUNDAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Loftus Dundas|Dundas, Reginald Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-8LM] - 1915(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4DU Crawford, Kingaroy Line (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1990, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Theodore, Qld, 1937); labourer (Crawford, Kingaroy Line, Qld, 1949-1972); farmer (Torquay, Qld, 1977)

===''DUNLEAVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Francis Dunleavy|Dunleavy, Joseph Francis]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 508, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (St Kilda, 1924); electrical fitter (Melbourne, 1926; South Yarra, 1931); fitter (St Kilda, 1934)

===''DUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Dunn|Dunn, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSN-T31] - 1898(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2GU Receive Sydney (South Kensington, 1922); 2GU Sydney (South Kensington, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coachbuilder (Kensington, 1930-1943); manager (Kingsford, 1958); retired (The Entrance, 1963-1980)
===''DUNSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter John Dunstan|Dunstan, Walter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-Y3V] - 1904(Vic)-1927(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Receive Ballarat (1922); 3JR Ballarat (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 106, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: gone too soon - Relationships: brother of William Dunstan, Victoria Cross - Electoral Rolls: student (Ballarat East, 1927)

===''DURBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Keep Durbridge|Durbridge, William Keep]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDN-Z4B] - 1908(WA)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 4FS Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Innisfail, Qld, 1930); clerk (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1937); bookkeeper (Dundoo Station, Eulo, Qld, 1937); no occupation (St Kilda, Vic, 1963-1972; Melbourne, Vic, 1977)

===''DUTHOIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert George Duthoit|Duthoit, Albert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ94-V82] - 1901(Tas)-1970(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); labourer (Croydon North, 1931); no occupation (Armadale, 1931); engineer (Hobart South, 1936); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1935-1943); clerk (Ivanhoe, 1949; Oakleigh, 1954; Malvern, 1958); nil (Malvern, 1967-1968)
===''DUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Henry Dutton|Dutton, Thomas Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJG1-LRN] - 1862(Eng)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: painter (Rockhampton, Qld, 1903-1905); commission agent (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1908-1909); printer (Valley, Qld, 1913); traveller (Teneriffe, Qld, 1915-1937)

=='''E'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''EARLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Edwin Earle|Earle, Frank Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YV-B62] - 1900(SA)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 823, 1924 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Erasmus Earle|Earle, Robert Erasmus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLX-NC1] - 1894(Eng)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6LC Perth (Floreat Park, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 4390, 1966, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Floreat Park, 1954-1977)
===''EASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Easter|Easter, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2L-656] - 1914(SA)-1983(???) - Licences: 5RO Montieth (1933); 5RO Port Elliot (1937); 5RO Moonta (1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1111, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Moonta, SA, 1939-1947) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/532330 VWM]

===''EASTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Spencer Easton|Easton, Frederick William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-7XD] - 1914(NSW)-1944(PNG) - licences: 2BQ Sydney (Bondi, 1931-1935; Bellevue Hill, 1936-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 846, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - electoral rolls: projectionist (Rose Bay, 1936-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''EDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Frederick Ede|Ede, Charles Frederick or Friederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7D-PYL] - 1885(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Wellington Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1908; Albion, Qld, 1912-1921); assistant secretary (Manly, Qld, 1925-1963); retired (Wynnum North, 1968)

===''EDGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Waldene Edgar|Edgar, Douglas Waldene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5XS-K4X] - 1895(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6DW New Norcia (1927-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 314, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gingin, 1922; New Norcia, 1925-1954); retired (Nedlands, 1958-1963)
* [[/John Matheson Edgar|Edgar, John Matheson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB42-K1G] - 1881(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Geelong (1923); 3YW Geelong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Training College, Carlton, 1903); state school teacher (Ballarat, 1909); teacher (Ballarat, 1913-1914; Geelong, 1917-1924; Essendon, 1925-1954)
* [[/Mervyn John Edgar|Edgar, Mervyn John or John Mervyn &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4W-647] - 1913(NSW)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4JE Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1302, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Radio Location Unit); radio retailing (Tracksons) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); salesman (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); shop assistant (Bulimba, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''EDWARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. E. Edwards|Edwards, H. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Croydon, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert John Edwards|Edwards, Herbert John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF5-KP8] - 1894(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1937) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 802, 1923; 2COCP 18, 1929; 1COCP 208, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous HJEs - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rose Bay, NSW, 1930-1933); radio operator (Lord Howe Island, NSW, 1949); communication officer (Rose Bay, NSW, 1954)

===''EGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mavis Evelyn Egan|Fogg nee Egan, Mavis Evelyn or Evelene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-1JK] - 1900(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Stanley (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver (YL) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanley, 1928); home duties (Wynyard, 1936-1943; Smithton, 1949; Sale, Vic, 1954; Cohuna, 1963; Devonport, 1972)

===''EGGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Percy Eggleton|Eggleton, Eric Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSTZ-5G9] - 1903(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DA Receive Toowoomba (1923-1924); 4DA Toowoomba (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 81, 1925, No. 9 in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (QATB) - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Toowoomba, 1925-1926); ambulance bearer (Toowoomba, 1931); ambulance superintendent (Dayboro, 1936-1943; Charleville, 1949-1958; Stanthorpe, 1963); retired (Caloundra, 1968-1977)

===''ELDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Mackenzie Elder|Elder, James Alexander Mackenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97W3-7FL] - 1869(Sct)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Awards: KBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Essendon, 1905); merchant (Moonee Ponds, 1908-1909); director (South Yarra, Vic, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/elder-sir-james-alexander-6099 ADB]
===''ELLERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lewis John Ellery|Ellery, Robert Lewis John]] - 1827(Eng)-1908(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Vic Government Astronomer
===''ELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Neville Elliott|Elliott, Robert Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-PPJ] - 1907(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DW Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); company manager (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954-1963); accountant (Brisbane, Qld, 1968); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1972); accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Ronald Donovan Elliott|Elliott, Ronald Donovan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G799-LTX] - 1910(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5RD Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1931-1933; Da Costa Park, 1937; Kirkcaldy, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 758, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939; Westbourne Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Murray Browse Elliott|Elliott, Thomas Murray Browse &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W8-947] - 1899(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4CM Brisbane (City, 1946-1969); operator of Valentine's 4CM licence 1925-1939 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 72, 1925, No. 6 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; early television experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Fortitude Valley, 1921); salesman (Brisbane City, 1925-1931); sound engineer (Observatory, 1937-1943); company manager (City, 1949-1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968)

===''ELLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Austin Ellis|Ellis, Clive Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-9HT] - 1912(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3LZ Melbourne (Williamstown, 1930-1931; Caulfield, 1933-1939; Newport, 1946-1956; Moorabbin, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 598, 1930, No. ?? in Victoria - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1937; Newport, 1943-1954); valuer (Moorabbin, 1958-1972)
* [[/John Osborne Ellis|Ellis, John Osborne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTM-Q42] - 1910(Eng)-1999(SA) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 522, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kimba, 1939-1943)
===''ELSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Robert Elsbury|Elsbury (adopted) or Wilson Bowman (biological), Cyril Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMG-5CW] - 1897(Qld)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6JE Kalgoorlie (1934-1939); 6JE Fimiston (1947-1956); 6JE Nornalup (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1372, 1934, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1922); mine timekeeper (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1925-1943); assistant accountant (Fimiston, WA, 1949-1954); mine paymaster (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1958)

===''ELWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Gregory Elworthy|Elworthy, Colin Gregory &quot;Col&quot;]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''EMBLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Austin Embling|Embling, Stewart Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGH-YQM] - 1907(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925); 3DC Melbourne (Toorak, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 236, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toorak, 1931-1943); assurance officer (Toorak, 1949-1980)

===''EVANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Hubert Evans|Evans, Albert Henry Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH8N-BFX] - 1894(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: XVD Adelaide (Mile End, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 255, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:  assistant manager (Woollahra, 1949)
* [[/Griffith Benjamin Evans|Evans, Griffith Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-HL3] - 1877(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS - Electoral Rolls: naval telegraphist (Eden Vale, Vic, 1914-1915); telegraphist (Coburg, Vic, 1919); retired (Vaucluse, NSW, 1954-1963)
* [[/Percy Evans|Evans, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84B-DKL] - 1894(Eng)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 2OW Sydney (Kensington, 1928-1929; Randwick, 1930-1931); 3OZ Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1947-1948; Boronia, 1948; North Ringwood, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 458, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Kensington, 1930); salesman (Randwick, 1930-1931); sales manager (Camberwell, 1933-1937; Glen Iris, 1949); manager (Ringwood, 1954-1972)
* [[/R. Evans|Evans, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SP Sydney (Clovelly, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 265, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Thomas Evan Evans|Evans, Thomas Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ7-S1L] - 1904(NZ)-1942(At Sea) - 3EV Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1927), 9EV Rabaul (1933+), amateur operator (AOCP 160, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, medical assistant, technical assistant, Civilian POW captured at Rabaul, died on board the &quot;Montevideo Maru&quot; when it was torpedoed and sunk en route from Rabaul to Hainan, where Thomas was destined for forced labour.
* [[/Trevor Elliott Evans|Evans, Trevor Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-GRC] - 1903(Vic)-1979(Vic) - 3KD Receive Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1922-1924), 3RK Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1925-1933; Pascoe Vale, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 159, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (East Brunswick, 1931), contractor (Pascoe Vale, 1972)
* [[/Trevor Frederick Evans|Evans, Trevor Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L292-N4L] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - 2NS Blayney (1925-1929), 2NS Bathurst (1930-1939, 1946-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 113, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (BOCP 19, 1936) (2BS)

===''EVERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Every|Every, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDSS-VT4] - 1894(Eng)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 7GE Hobart (1931); 3GE Queenscliff (1937-1939); 3GE Balcombe (1947-1948); 3GE Carrum (1954-1956); 3GE Bonbeach (1960-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military instructor; WW1 (UK) - Electoral Rolls: silver mounter (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1919); soldier (Launceston, 1922; Hobart South, 1922); military instructor (Hobart South, 1928); soldier (Queenscliff, Vic, 1935-1937); military officer (Albury, NSW, 1943; Victoria Park, Qld, 1949); clerk (Frankston, 1949); accountant (Carrum, 1954)

===''EWING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Thomson Ewing|Ewing, Thomas Thomson]] - 1856(NSW)-1920(NSW) - state politician (NSW MLA), federal politician (MHR, acting Postmaster-General)

===''EXTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Walter Exton|Exton, George Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QY-5XH] - 1882(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 2CZ Lismore (1922-1930) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast proprietor and engineer (2XN Lismore) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lismore, NSW, 1930-1963); retired (Saddlers Crossing, Qld)

=='''F'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''FABER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Thomas Faber|Faber, William John Thomas &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1976(Qld) - 4WF Ayr (-1938+), Brisbane (Kedron, -1948-1949+) , amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''FAGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Reginald Joseph Fagan|Fagan, William Reginald Joseph &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLF3-QPM] - 1883(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: 2RJ Receive Mandurama (1922); 2RJ Mandurama (1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio station (director, 2SM) - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Mandurama, 1913-1943)

===''FAIRHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Fairhall|Fairhall, Allen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZB3-PKT] – 1909(NSW)-2006(NSW) – Licences: 2KB Newcastle (Hamilton, 1928–1929; New Lambton, 1930–1931; Cooks Hill, 1933–1934; City, 1935; Cooks Hill, 1937; City, 1938–1939; Hamilton, 1946–1961; City, 1965-1980+); 2AKL Paterson (1948–1958) – Qualifications: AOCP 391, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 23, 1930 – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, proprietor 2KO Newcastle, WW2 – Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Lambton, 1931–1932); manager (Newcastle, 1933–1949); primary producer (Trevallyn, 1954); M.H.R. (Newcastle, 1958); member of parliament (Newcastle, 1963–1968); manager (Newcastle, 1972–1980) - [[w:Allen Fairhall|Wikipedia]]

===''FALCONER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Illman Falconer|Falconer, Charles Illman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZK9-PJ6] – 1885(Vic)-1962(NSW) – Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923–1924), 3CF Melbourne (East Malvern, 1925–1926; Canterbury, 1927; Surrey Hills, 1931–1939, 1946–1954), 2AUF Terrigal (1955–1961), amateur operator (AOCP 204, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Clifton Hill, 1909), mechanic (Fitzroy, 1914), engineer (Canterbury, 1915–1949), retired (Terrigal, 1958–1963)
===''FALLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyle Clifford Falls|Falls, Lyle Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLC-1VR] - 1899(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Caulfield, 1924-1925); instructor (Kew, 1926-1943)

===''FANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred – see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred (Fanning)
===''FANSHAWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Fanshawe, Arthur Dalrymple]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM7D-QY6] – 1847(Eng)-1936(Eng) – Admiral of UK Fleet, Commander-in-Chief Australia Station – Links: [[w:Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Wikipedia]]
===''FARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell George Farmer|Farmer, Maxwell George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG1-SHR] - 1916(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5GF Adelaide (Knoxville, 1933-1939; North Norwood, 1947-1948; Adelaide City, 1954-1956; Plympton, 1960-1980+); 5GY Portable Adelaide (Knoxville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1217, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FARRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Howard Farrell|Farrell, John Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-CJT] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4WJ Brisbane Windsor, 1933-1939; Chermside, 1946-1948); 4WJ Quilpie (1954-1960); 4WJ Somerset Dam (1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1103, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Windsor, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Chermside, 1943-1949; Quilpie, 1954-1958); superintendent (Somerset Dam, 1963-1972)

===''FAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Harold Faul|Faul, Albert Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTD-S74] – 1907(NSW)-1979(NSW) – Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923–1924); 3AH Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926–1927) – Qualifications: AOCP 288, 1926, No. ?? in Vic – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster – Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1931–1934); lecturer (Camberwell, 1936); engineer (Bellevue Hill, 1936–1937; Camberwell, 1943); company director (Killara, 1949–1977)
===''FAULKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Wollas Faulks|Faulks, Richard Wollas &quot;Wol&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCD3-BQ3] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2WF Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1931; Hurlstone Park, 1933; Canterbury, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 557, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Ashfield, 1930; Canterbury, 1933-1977)

===''FAWKNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Pascoe Robert Fawkner|Fawkner, Ernest Pascoe Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYB-YKW] - 1901(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: manager (Kings Meadows, 1928); furniture manufacturer (South Launceston, 1936)

===''FEENAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Leo Michael John Feenaghty|Feenaghty, Leo Michael John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYG2-RMT] - 1900(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4LJ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 291, 1926, No. 28 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator; state public servant - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, 1925-1931); assistant secretary (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); public servant (Highgate Hill, 1963); retired (Isle of Capri, 1972-1980)
===''FELDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Feldman|Feldman, John Frederick Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNZ-5DH] - 1905(Vic)-1987(Vic) - 3QH Receive Geelong (South Geelong, 1923-1924), 3QH Geelong (South Geelong, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 140, 1925, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, bricklayer
===''FELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Frederick Fell|Fell, Evan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH4-FTW] - 1914(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1932-1939); 4EF Barcaldine (1946-1948); 4EF Mackay (1954-1955); 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1956; Bardon, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 978, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 175, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (inspector); property developer - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashgrove, Qld, 1936-1943); engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949; Mackay, Qld, 1954); public servant (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977)

===''FELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. C. Fells|Fells, L. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FELTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Felton|Felton, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M5-C2J] - 1897(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2RF Sydney (Petersham, 1927-1929; Belmore, 1930-1939, 1946-1956); 2RT Sydney (Kogarah, 1937) - Qualifications: AOCP 366, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Belmore, 1930-1934); engineer (Belmore, 1936-1937); soldier (Belmore, 1943); radio technician (Belmore, 1949-1954)
===''FERGUSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Angus Ferguson|Ferguson, Colin Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DH-9KM] - 1917(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5CJ Mt Gambier (1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1994, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Cyril E. Ferguson|Ferguson, Cyril E.]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 2, 1914, No. 2 in Aus) - coastal station operator?

===''FERRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Walter Cecil Ferrall|Ferrall, Edgar Walter Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMF-G97] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Launceston, 1919-1949); inspector (Kingston Beach, 1954)
===''FERRICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Bernard Ferricks|Ferricks, Michael Bernard &quot;Bernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58X-S4X] - 1914(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4UW Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1471, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); chemist (Northgate, Qld, 1949-1977); retired (Cairns, Qld, 1980)

===''FIEDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Victor Fiedler|Fiedler, Leslie Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHNW-3JZ] - 1906(SA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 5SL Adelaide (Woodville, 1927-1933), 5SL Moonta (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 353, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Henley, 1939-1943); theatre manager (Belmont, 1949); film exhibitor (Mt Lawley, 1958); company director (Mt Lawley, 1963-1968)

===''FIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph William Field|Field, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-Q5T] - 1915(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939; Ormond, 1946-1948); 3LJ Melbourne (Ormond, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 599, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Caulfield, 1937); machinist (Bentleigh, 1942-1977)

===''FILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Crawford Files|Files, Jack Crawford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-JWJ] - 1907(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4JF Brisbane (Buranda, 1932-1935; Coorparoo, 1936-1939; Buranda 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, QSL manager); journalist (Teleradio, WIA Notes); accountant - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1931-1934; Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943-1963)
===''FILMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Le Roy Drowley Filmer|Filmer, Le Roy Drowley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNF-2Z7] - 1902(NSW)-1976(NSW) - 2FT Newcastle (Toronto, 1925-1930; Hamilton South, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 148, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, metallurgist

===''FINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Edward Finch|Finch, Alan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6M4-987] - 1915(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 7CJ Launceston (Mowbray Heights, 1935-1939); 7CJ Hobart (New Town, 1946-1954); 7CJ Kelso (1955-1956); 3AEO Shepparton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1575, 191935, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (St Leonards, 1936-1937); mechanic (New Town, 1943-1954); public servant (Radio Australia, Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1968); technician (Shepparton, 1972)
===''FINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Warren Finn|Finn, Leonard Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2K-4P6] - 1914(SA)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5SP Adelaide (Seaton Park, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1671, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Seaton Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Finney|Finney, William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-W2H] - 1881(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AU Brisbane (Red Hill, 1923-1925); 4WF Brisbane (Red Hill, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 845, 1925; 2COCP 307, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Red Hill, 1903-1905); telegraphist (New Farm, 1908; Newmarket, 1909; Red Hill, 1913-1937; East Nundah, 1949; Wooloowin, 1954)

===''FISHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Hugh Fisher|Fisher, Douglas Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD15-N13] - 1913(Vic)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7AB Launceston (1934-1939); 7AB Burnie (1946-1948); 7AB Devonport (1954-1955); 7AB Lenah Valley (1956); 7AB Zeehan (1960); 7AB Oatlands (1965-1969; 7AB Claremont (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1373, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 7ZEE Neville Grant Fisher - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1936); bank clerk (Launceston, 1937; Burnie, 1943-1949; Devonport, 1954)
===''FISK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Thomas Fisk|Fisk, Ernest Thomas]] - 1886(Eng)-1965(NSW), 2EF Sydney (Lindfield, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur radio operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), broadcast and radiocommunications business proprietor (AWA), operated prior to 1933 under various AWA callsigns, 2MC in 1928 was licensed to his residence at Vaucluse - Links:  [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fisk-sir-ernest-thomas-6177 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198906.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198907.pdf EA2]

===''FITCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campbell Fitchett|Fitchett, John Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-K7W] - 1900(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Licences: XJDM Melbourne (Balwyn, 1913-1914); 3BL Melbourne (Balwyn, 1922-1925; Brighton, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 609, 1921 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Brighton, 1928-1937) - TroveTag: &quot;XJDM-3BL - John Campbell Fitchett&quot;
===''FITTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Stephen Luther Fittell|Fittell, Stephen Luther &quot;Steve&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCN9-KRT] - 1910(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JO Gympie (1929-1939); 4YF Gympie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 487, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 280, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; member radio club (WIAQ, Gympie ARC); commercial broadcaster (4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio specialist (Gympie, 1937); radio dealer (Gympie, 1943-1980)

===''FITZALAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Albini Lawrence Fitzalan|Fitzalan, Herbert Albini Lawrence &quot;Hal&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1951(Qld) - 4HF Brisbane?, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, Halcyon (not mentioned)
===''FITZGERALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Francis Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Eric Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84F-Z7H] - 1907(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2EA Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1928-1929; Burwood, 1930-1931; Pagewood, 1931; Abbotsford, 1931; Bellevue Hill, 1933-1937; Waverley, 1938-1939); 2AAO Sydney (Chatswood, 1950-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 467, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woolahra, 1930-1931); salesman (Coogee, 1937); clerk (Chatswood, 1943-1977)
* [[/Patrick Michael Anthony Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Patrick Michael Anthony &quot;Pat&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G33Q-6K9] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PF Rockhampton (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1802, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1930); public servant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1968); clerk (Corinda, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Emu Park, Qld, 1980)
===''FITZGIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard John Fitzgibbons|Fitzgibbons, Richard John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-QPG] - 1893(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4DV Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fitter (Maryborough, Qld, 1916-1919); engine fitter (Ascot, Qld, 1921-1968)

===''FITZMAURICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Simcoe Fitzmaurice|Fitzmaurice, James Simcoe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-KCF] - 1861(Vic)-1934(SA) - Licences: XYB Perth (1913-1914); 5FT Adelaide (North Walkerville, 1923-1933) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (State Engineer, WA &amp; SA); MIEE, AMIEE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1914-1916)

===''FLAHERTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Thomas Holm Flaherty|Flaherty, Gordon Thomas Holm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Q2-C9T] - 1900(Vic)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CB Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: postman (South Brisbane, 1922); telephone mechanic (Buranda, 1925; Coorparoo, 1928); mechanic (Camp Hill, 1936; Beaudesert, 1937-1943); technician (Camp Hill, 1949-1963)
===''FLETCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Fletcher|Fletcher, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKQ-2QR] - 1891(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 128, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Roebourne, 1913); radio operator (Esperance, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Roebourne, 1917-1918); telegraphist (Oakleigh, 1921)
===''FLOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Flood|Flood, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BF-HPG] - 1883(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 238, 1916; 2COCP 415, 1932; 1COCP 348, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIL Flinders Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Emita, Flinders Island, Tas, 1914-1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1925; Meeandah, Qld, 1928; Eagle Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Cooktown, Qld, 1943); retired (Cairns, 1954-1958; Eventide Home, Charters Towers, 1963)

===''FOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Lillico Fogg|Fogg, Hugh Lillico]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-KRZ] - 1900(Tas)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6HF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1939); 5HF Mt Barker (1947-1948); 3AHF Benalla (1954-1960); 6HF Perth (Inglewood, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 787, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Perth, WA, 1931); clerk (Maylands, WA, 1936); bank officer (Maylands, WA, 1943); manager (ANZ Bank, Benalla, Vic, 1954); retired (Inglewood, WA, 1963-1972)

===''FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry James Bartholomew Foley|Foley, Henry James Bartholomew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QZ-5SV] - 1886(NSW)-1954(NSW) - Licences: Sydney (Randwick, 1911) - Qualifications: pre AOCP - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1913); merchant (Drummoyne, 1930-1954)

===''FOLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Ulrich Francis Folie|Folie, Max Ulrich Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-Y7F] - 1909(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3WZ Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1933); 3GZ Mildura (1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 682, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Auburn, 1931); radio engineer (Mildura, 1934-1968)

===''FONTAINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Alfred Fontaine|Fontaine, Louis Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMDQ-L2V] - 1894(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT, 1914, No. 3 in Aus and Vic - RANRS; coastal wireless operator (VIG, Port Moresby, 1915-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Wyndham, 1918; Geraldton, 1922; Thursday Island, 1934-1936); telegraphist (St Kilda, 1937); radio telegraphist (Malvern, 1942); electrician (Camberwell, 1949)

===''FOOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Foot|Foot, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BT-FVF] - 1878(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 36, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (South Yarra, 1915; St Kilda, 1916-1917); RAN (Balaclava, 1919); tobacconist (Sandringham, 1925); manager (Prahran, 1937); clerk (St Kilda, 1942); retired (Dandenong, 1949-1954)

===''FORECAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Mark Llewllyn Forecast|Forecast, Arthur Mark Llewllyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HPS-H18] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1931; St Kilda, 1933; Caulfield, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; The Basin, 1954-1975; Ferntree Gully, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 279, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 141, 1934; BOCP 156, 1938; 1COCP 245, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Malvern, 1925-1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1931-1934); biograph operator (Caulfield East, 1937-1942; Glenhuntley, 1949); projectionist (The Basin, 1963-1972); retired (Ferntree Gully, 1977; Knoxfield, 1980)
===''FOREMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Graham Foreman|Foreman, Edgar Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD95-36X] - 1908(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4GF Ayr (1935-1939); 4GF Townsville (North Ward, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1577, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanton Hill, Qld, 1930); salesman (Ayr, Qld, 1934-1937); procurement specialist (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1954-1968); proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''FORREST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Forrest|Forrest, John]] - 1847(WA)-1918(???) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1901, 17 days)
===''FORSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Joseph Forshaw|Forshaw, Charles Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-783] - 1895(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: XJDA Melbourne (Elwood, 1913-1914); V736 Receive Hamilton (1922); 3GQ Receive Hamilton (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identifed - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Myrtleford, 1917); clerk (Oakleigh, 1924-1937; Gardiner, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949; Glenhuntly, 1954)
===''FORSYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Arthur Forsyth|Forsyth, Royce Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1R-3S5] - 1917(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1637, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Launceston, 1943); teacher (Hobart North, 1944); schoolteacher (Bellerive, 1949-1972)
===''FORSYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Edgar Forsythe|Forsythe, Leonard Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBY-MTR] - 1894(NSW)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 2BF Receive Sydney (Northbridge, 1922); 2BF Sydney (Northbridge, 1922-1929; Drummoyne, 1930-1933; Snapper Island, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 40, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: flagmaker (Northbridge, 1930-1949); department manager (Drummoyne, 1958); ship's chandler (Drummoyne, 1963-1980)
===''FORTESCUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fortescue|Fortescue, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD8X-GQ7] - 1893(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Toowoomba (1922-1924); 4CF Toowoomba (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (CMF, Colonel); WW2; jeweller - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Toowoomba, 1913-1958); nil (Toowoomba, 1963-1968)

===''FOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Foster|Foster, Ernest John &quot;Ernie&quot;]] - 1914(Qld)-1967(Qld) - 4BY Brisbane, amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), broadcast engineer (4MB, 4BU), military (WW2, RAAF)
* [[/James Foster|Foster, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2Z-27G] - 1915(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5TX Adelaide (North Kensington, 1933-1939); 5LU Adelaide (Dulwich, 1947-1948; Oaklands, 1954-1965; Marion, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1140, 1933, SA; 1COCP 1046, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Frewville, SA, 1943)

===''FOURRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Fourro|Fourro, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4D1-YRR] - 1906(NSW)-1978(ACT) - Licences: 2VF Corowa (1930-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 703, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 165, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Narrandera, 1930); telephone mechanic (Corowa, 1931-1935); wireless mechanic (Corowa, 1936); mechanic (Brighton-le-Sands, 1937); foreman mechanic (2CY Canberra, 1943-1954); supervising technician (2BA Bega, 1958-1963); technician (Merimbula, 1968-1972)

===''FOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Malcolm Fowles|Fowles, Gordon Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H2-RC9] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1931); 3AMF Melbourne (Wheeler's Hill, 1948-1960; Avonsleigh, 1965-1969); 3AMF Cowes (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 490, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Albert Park, 1943; Hamilton, 1949); farmer (Avonsleigh, 1968); retired (Cowes, 1972)

===''FOX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Fox|Fox, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BY-J5Z] - 1886(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 106, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Comment: several contemporaneous WG Fox; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''FRAME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vivian Horace Frame|Frame, Vivian Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ1-4QT] - 1899(Qld)-1959(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Mareeba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman ( Brisbane City, Qld); public works officer (Mareeba, Qld, 1922); architect (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925-1928; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1937; Virginia, Qld, 1949-1954; Norman Park, Qld, 1958)

===''FRANK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kendall Thomas Frank|Frank, Kendall Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-TGZ] - 1904(WA)-1951(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 921, 1926; 2COCP 289, 1930; 1COCP 64, 1935 - ship wireless operator (AWA), coastal wireless operator, amateur operator?, broadcast engineer (4PM) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Lakemba, 1943) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/frank-kendall-thomas-10236 ADB]

===''FRANZI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Franzi|Franzi, William Ronald &quot;Bill&quot; (formerly Emilio Stefan)]] - 1909(Italy)-19??(SA) - 4FR Atherton (1938-1939), 5FR Adelaide (Da Costa Park, 1946-1965; Glenelg East, 1969-1975), 5VK American Beach (1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 2192, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (IREE), military (RAAF), employment (radio technician)
===''FRASER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Douglas Fraser|Fraser, James Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NS-MQ3] - 1900(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2JF Quirindi (1930-1935) - Qualifications: AOCP 637, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quirindi, 1930-1943); engineer (Picton, 1949-1954)
* [[/H. Fraser|Fraser, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2JC Tamworth (1924-1925), amateur operator (no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Henry George Fraser|Fraser, Henry George]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 1001, 1932, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, at least two HGF engineers
===''FRAZER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Frazer|Frazer, Charles Edward &quot;Charlie&quot;]] - 1880(Vic)-1913(Vic) - politician (Postmaster-General, 1911-1913)

===''FREEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Freeman|Freeman, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZL-4F7] - 19??(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Sydney (Burwood, 1929-1939; Ashfield, 1946-1958; Cheltenham, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 544, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: packer (Newtown, 1930-1931; East Sydney, 1933-1935); engineer (Burwood, 1936-1937; Ashfield, 1943-1958; Cheltenham, 1963-1968) - individual not fully identified
* [[/L. Freeman|Freeman, L.]] - 18??-19?? - Licences: XQB Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FREESTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Roy Freestone|Freestone, Leslie Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-NB5] - 1896(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LF Ballarat (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Ballarat, 1916-1920); commercial traveller (Ballarat, 1921-1936); traveller (Brighton, 1937-1954); nil (Geelong, 1977-1980)
===''FRETTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/O'Della Paul Fretten|Fretten, O'Della Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-BQH] - 1894(Eng)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 2RU Sydney (Concord, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 460, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930; Strathfield, 1933); foreman (Lane Cove, 1936-1937); public servant (St Kilda, 1943); cafe proprietor (Melbourne, 1949); sales manager (St Kilda, 1963); instructor (Brighton, 1967-1968); retired (Malvern East, 1972; Fitzroy North, 1977)
===''FREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Samuel Vernon Frew|Frew, Geoffrey Samuel Vernon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87N-ZC1] - 1909(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3PM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PL Melbourne (Brighton, 1960); 3JK Melbourne (Brighton, 1969); 3PM Melbourne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 402, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 66, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1933); manager (Brighton, 1936-1937); engineer (Footscray, 1943; Brighton, 1949-1980)

===''FRIAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Owen Friar|Friar, Archibald Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4LQ-LGV] - 1905(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2AO Ulmarra (1929-1931); 2AO Grafton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 504, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Ulmarra, 1930-1937); garage proprietor (South Grafton, 1943-1963)

===''FROGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard James Frogley|Frogley, Gerard James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7K7-JNM] - 1902(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Richmond, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 240, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (East Melbourne, 1924); battery mechanic (Richmond, 1925-1931)

===''FRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Turner Fry|Fry, Alfred Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRX-2SL] - 1881(NSW)-1928(Vic) - Licences: 7BG Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: metallurgist (Ballarat, 1917; Queenstown, Tas, 1919-1922; Sandringham, 1924-1927)
* [[/Reginald Hall Fry|Fry, Reginald Hall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-9WN] - 1891(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2KC Sydney (Croydon, 1922-1929; Killara, 1930-1933); 2KC Parkes (1934); 2KC Goulburn (1935-1936); 2KC Wollongong (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 86, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Gordon, 1930; Killara, 1933; Goulburn, 1935-1936; Wollongong, 1937; Killara, 1943-1968); engineer (Killara, 1972)
===''FRYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Norman Fryer|Fryer, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KH-TZ8] - 1906(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KF Sydney (Suspension Bridge, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: AOCP 332, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1934; North Sydney, 1936; Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''FULCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Fulcher|Fulcher, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, (Halcyon, P. 4)

===''FYSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHNP-534] - 1835(Eng)-1919(Tas) - state politician (MLC Tas, 1860s through 1890s; MHA Tas 1870s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1903-1904) - Relationships: grandfather of 7PF Philip Oakley Fysh
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YS-4ZR] - 1897(Tas)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7PF Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 128, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Launceston Radio Experimenters' Club, WIA Launceston); WW2 - Relationships: grandson of Philip Oakley Fysh, federal Postmaster-General 1903-1904 - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Launceston, 1922-1954)

=='''G'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''GABBERTAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Gabbertas|Gabbertas, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF9C-2W7] - 1915(Eng)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6GB Perth (Maylands, 1936-1939; Mt Hawthorn, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1810, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); mechanic (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1980)

===''GADSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Wilkinson Gadsden|Gadsden, Stanley Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM38-WZ2] - 1887(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3SW Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 26, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic, Chief of Council, 1926); placed 2nd in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Kew, 1908-1915); manufacturer (Kew, 1917-1954)

===''GALLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Galle|Galle, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-KXN] - 1912(SA)-2008(SA)96yo - Licences: 5QR Adelaide (Prospect, 1931-1939, 1947-1948; Enfield, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 834, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Jabuk, SA, 1939-1941); schoolteacher (Tailem Bend, SA, 1943)

===''GAMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ray Gamble|Gamble, William Ray &quot;Ray&quot;]] - 1928(NSW)-2011(NSW) - broadcast engineer (BOCP 961, 1948), station manager, radio network principal [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/vale-ray-gamble Radio Info]

===''GAMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Gamon|Gamon, George Arthur]] - 1900(Vic)-1977(???) - 3GG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1925-1926; Middle Park, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 89, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''GARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Garing|Garing, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WV-2YG] - 1910(Vic)-2004(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 431, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: cadet (Point Cook, 1931-1934); airman (Point Cook, 1937); RAAF officer (Townsville, 1943; Point Cook, Vic, 1958; Williamtown, NSW, 1958); executive director (Turramurra, 1968); director (Turramurra, 1980)
===''GARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Raymond Garner|Garner, Alan Raymond]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician! (Frankston, 1963-1980)
===''GARNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Garnett|Garnett, Brian]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4AHN Currimundi, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld),
===''GARRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Randolph Garran|Garran, Richard Randolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K822-L54] - 1903(Vic)-1991(ACT) - Licences: 3AW Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1924-1925); manager (Semaphore, SA, 1941; Caulfield, Vic, 1954-1980)
===''GARRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Benjamin Walter Garrett|Garrett, Horace Benjamin Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7PD-9SV] - 1906(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3JI Melbourne (Box Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Box Hill, 1928-1934); radio mechanic (Box Hill, 1936); salesman (Box Hill, 1943-1977)
===''GARTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Garth|Garth, Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DX-47Z] - 1903(Eng)-1959(Tas) - Licences: 2VZ Sydney (Coogee, 1930; Clovelly, 1931-1933; Bankstown, 1934-1936); 4VZ Mackay (1937-1939); 3SF Melbourne (Preston, 1948; Seaford, 1954); 7RG Trevallyn, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 584, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clovelly, NSW, 1930-1933); mechanic (Bankstown, NSW, 1934-1936); electrician (Slade Point, Qld, 1937-1943; Beaconsfield, Tas, 1958)

===''GAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Holman Gay|Gay, Augustus Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PF-938] - 1902(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3SM Warragul (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Warragul, 1927-1934); engineer (South Yarra, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Kew, 1963-1980)
* [[/Vivian James Gay|Gay, Vivian James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYT8-VJJ] - 1908(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 2VI Sydney (Chatswood, 1935-1939; North Sydney, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965); 2VI Burradoo (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1510, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: printer (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943); master printer (Lane Cove, 1949-1968); printer (Artarmon, 1972); retired (Burradoo, 1977-1980)

===''GEAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Vivian Geake|Geake, Wilfred Vivian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTF-H1J] - 1893(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5BR Receive Kooringa (1922); 5BR Receive (Murray Bridge, 1923); Receive Murray Bridge (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hillside, SA, 1939)

===''GEDDES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Albert Geddes|Geddes, Frank Albert]] - 1901(NSW)-1922(NSW) - 2GC Sydney (Waverley, 1922, receive only), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), radio clubs (Waverley Radio Club), due to age licence held in name of father Francis G Geddes

===''GEEVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Leslie Geeves|Geeves, Philip Leslie &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88C-Y8Y] - 1917(NSW)-1983(NSW) - radio broadcaster (VK2ME, 2CH, ABC); employment (AWA, 1937-1970s); journalist (SMH); historian (AWA, broadcasting); awards (OAM, 1980) - Electoral Rolls: radio executive (Bexley, 1949-1963); executive (Hurstville South, 1972-1980)
===''GEISEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK7-NJ4] - 1921(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5YL Murray Bridge (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1788, 1936, SA; 2COCP 448, 1941; 1COCP 544, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''GEORGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Heinrich Alfred August George|George, Heinrich Alfred August &quot;Henry&quot;, &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G387-XZ4] - 1899(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3ZP Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1919-1963)
===''GEORGESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Georgeson|Georgeson, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS1-17Q] - 1897(Eng)-1976(Taiwan) - Licences: 5JD Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1938); 2AKU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1939; Granville, 1946-1947; Artarmon, 1948-1954; Lane Cove (1955); Artarmon (1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1783, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, NSW, 1943); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1963-1968); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1972)

===''GERAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/James Anselm Geraghty|Geraghty, James Anselm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVD-VY9] - 1877(???)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CS Receive Townsville (1923); 4CS Townsville (1923-1924); 4CS Brisbane (Nudgee, 1924); 4CS Gympie (1924); 4CS Townsville (1925); 4CS Gympie (1925-1927); 2JG Wagga Wagga (1929); 7CB Launceston (1931); 4CB Brisbane (Nudgee, 1933); 4AC Bundaberg (1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 186, 1925, No. 17 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion and teacher (Christian Brothers) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Ballarat, 1906; Gympie, 1909-1913; Dunedin, 1914-1916; South Brisbane, 1919-1925; Tamworth, 1930; Bundaberg, 1934; Ipswich, 1943; Albion, 1949; Gympie, 1954); retired (Boondall, 1958-1968)

===''GIBBON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Foster Gibbon|Gibbon, Thomas Foster]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G857-MWS] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XJAV Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914); Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Kew, 1923); 3XZ Melbourne (Kew, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Kew, 1919-1925); electrical engineer (Kew, 1928-1954); engineer (Kew, 1963)

===''GIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gibbons|Gibbons, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XB-YRJ] - 1907(Wales)-19??(???) - Licences: 2FG Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 255, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Neutral Bay, 1930); clerk (Gordon, 1954-1968); director (Turramurra, 1972-1977)

===''GIBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. G. Gibson|Gibson, E. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Ormiston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
*[[/Edgar McLean Gibson|Gibson, Edgar McLean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-SM5] - 1877(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1925), possibly held on behalf of son Leighton - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs - Relationships: father of 4AN William Leighton Gibson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Toowoomba, 1908-1917; Greenslopes, 1922); engineer (Manly, 1936-1937; Hawthorne, 1943-1968)
*[[/George Holland Gibson|Gibson, George Holland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MXPG-HB4] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: XQG Brisbane (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Fortitude Valley, 1915-1917); mechanic (Newmarket, 1919-1928; New Farm, 1937-1943); telephone technician (Bulimba, 1954-1977)
* [[/Richard Leslie Gibson|Gibson, Richard Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9QNS-G8V] - 1900(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2GH Alstonville (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 578, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Alstonville, 1930-1949); retired (Alstonville, 1963-1968; Ballina, 1972)
* [[/William Gerrand Gibson|Gibson, William Gerrand]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWJY-5G9] - 1869(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Politician, Federal Postmaster-General 1923-1929 [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/gibson-william-gerrand-6313 ADB]
*[[/William Leighton Gibson|Gibson, William Leighton &quot;Leighton&quot; &amp; &quot;Gibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-Q7S] - 1907(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 73, 1925, No. 7 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN &quot;Bananalander&quot;); wireless business employee (Phillips Radio) - Relationships: son of 4AN Edgar McLean Gibson - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Manly, Qld, 1936-1937; Camp Hill, Qld, 1943); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949); business executive (Balgowlah, NSW, 1958); regional representative (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GIDDINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hudson Giddings|Giddings or Whitney, Albert Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR4-PDP] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 5FI Adelaide (Nailsworth, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1556, 1935, SA; 1COCP 102, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant, Signals) - Electoral Rolls: PMG employee (Sale, Vic, 1968); technician (Elwood, Vic, 1972); clerk (Hughs, ACT, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/612780 VWMA]
* [[/Albert William James Giddings|Giddings, Albert William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9711-NG3] - 1909(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DG Stratford (1935-1939); 3DG Numurkah (1947-1948); 3DG Lancefield (1954-1969);  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1574, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster;; WW2 (RAAF, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Culgoa, Vic, 1931); bank clerk (Pakenham East, Vic, 1934); bank officer (Stratford, Vic, 1936-1937); warrant officer RAAF (Point Cook, Vic, 1942); bank official (Numurkah, Vic, 1949)

===''GILFILLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles Kent Gilfillan|Gilfillan, William Charles Kent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-93Q] - 1869(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2AM Receive Sydney (Greenwich, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: independent means (Manly, 1913); soldier (Manly, 1930-1935); no occupation (Redfern, 1937); manufacturer (Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''GILHOOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Forrest Gilhooley|Gilhooley, Joseph Aloysius Forrest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-L6N] - 1877(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2AH Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darlinghurst, 1903; Hunters Hill, 1930-1935); traveller (Hunters Hill, 1937-1949)

===''GILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Stewart Gill|Gill, Alan Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH6B-JQ4] - 1907(NSW)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 7AS Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 191, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist &amp; engineer (Electrolytic Zinc Co) - Electoral Rolls: research chemist (Hobart Central, 1928; Sandy Bay, 1936-1949); chemist (Hobart South, 1954)
* [[/Alfred Wyatt McKenzie Gill|Gill, Alfred Wyatt McKenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBP-B8D] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2TS Receive Sydney (Killara, 1923); 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Killara, 1933-1937; Wahroonga, 1949); soldier (Wahroonga, 1943); airline officer (Wahroonga, 1954-1958)
===''GILLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Rex Gregory Gillett|Gillett, Clarence Rex Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWJC-ZDW] - 1919(SA?)-2020(SA) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (All Wave All World DX Club, Australian DX Radio Club (SA Branch), South Australian DX Radio Club, Australian Radio DX Club, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia, New Zealand Radio DX League) - substantial portion (100+) of QSL collection survives (SSD, NFSA)
===''GILLHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman William Gillham|Gillham, Norman William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTT-M8V] - 1906(Tas)-1994(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923-1924); 7NW Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 176, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 944, 1927 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sandy Bay, 1928); joiner (Queensborough, 1936-1937); builder (Nelson, 1943-1954)
===''GILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Clifford Gillon|Gillon, Peter Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD7M-X53] - 1895(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 99, 1915 - Coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls: operator (Bondi, 1934); radio telegraphist (Crow's Nest, NSW, 1936; Cooktown, Qld, 1937; Townsville, 1943); telegraphist (Kensington, NSW, 1949-1954; Cremorne, 1958); radio operator (Cremorne, 1963-1968)

===''GILMOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stanley Gilmour|Gilmour, Norman Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-PVG] - 1890(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2ZU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1930; Potts Point, 1931; City, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 28, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: director (Neutral Bay, 1930); business manager (Darlinghurst, 1931); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1937; Mosman, 1943-1958)

===''GINBEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Haldane Ginbey|Ginbey, Ian Haldane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-73N] - 1913(WA)-1962(WA) - Licences: 6IG Perth (Fremantle, 1938-1939; Bicton, 1947-1948; Attadale, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2084, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1936; Fremantle, WA, 1937; South Fremantle, WA, 1943); salesman (Melville, WA, 1958)

===''GINGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ubitt Victor Ginger|Ginger, Ubitt Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5P-G76] - 1891(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2LF Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923); 2LF Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1924; North Sydney, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; police officer - callsign 2LF to L. R. Filmer, Toronto from Sep 1925, Bracken from 1933 - Electoral Rolls: constable (Chatswood, 1930-1933); police constable (Marrickville, 1934); constable (Naremburn, 1936-1937)

===''GINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Ginn|Ginn, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZC-95C] - 1917(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Townsville (1936-1939; 1946-1948); 4GE Brisbane (Hendra, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1749, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, RAAF, AIF); employment (life insurance agent) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Townsville, Qld, 1943); shop assistant (Windsor, Qld, 1949); salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''GIVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. James M. Givens|Givens, L. James M. &quot;James&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LX-7WR] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3EP Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1923); 3EP Melbourne (Canterbury, 1924-1927); 3XY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 849, 1925; AOLCP 121, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (Canterbury, 1931-1937; Camberwell, 1943); photographer (Delbridge, 1954)

===''GLASSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Ronald John Glassop|Glassop, Ronald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBZX-P8N] - 1910(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 2RF Newcastle (City, 1934-1935; Blackhalls, 1936; Hamilton East, 1937); 4BG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 4BG Maryborough (1947-1969); 4BG North Tamborine (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1288, 1934, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; insurance assessor - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Newcastle, NSW, 1932-1935); clerk (Hamilton, NSW, 1937); insurance inspector (Clayfield, Qld, 1937); insurance secretary (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1968); retired (Miami, Qld, 1972; Mt Tamborine, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''GLOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Frederick Glover|Glover, Alexander Frederick or Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L246-XZ6] - 1925(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3AFG Sale (1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2705, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Sale, 1949); mechanic (Sale, 1954-1980)
* [[/Arthur James George Glover|Glover, Arthur James George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2MT8-CZ8] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1928-1931; Surrey Hills, 1933); 3AG Warrnambool (1937-1939); 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1946-1960; Camberwell, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 392, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 1129, 1928; 2COCP 153, 1930; 1COCP 29, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Box Hill, 1931); engineer (Box Hill, 1936); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1937); engineer (Canterbury, 1943; Box Hill, 1949-1954); automation engineer (Camberwell, 1963-1968); engineer (Camberwell, 1972-1977)
* [[/Maurice Glover|Glover, Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-25R] - 1912(Vic)-2003(Tas) - Licences: 7MG Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 7MG Swansea (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2129, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nelson, 1943); no occupation (Swansea, 1949; Nelson, 1954)
* [[/Maxwell Arthur Glover|Glover, Maxwell Arthur &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-58X] - 1902(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3GB Receive Melbourne (Auburn, 1922); 3GB Melbourne (Camberwell, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: No record of AOCP; 3COCP 671, 1948 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Camberwell, 1924-1934); wool buyer (Toorak, 1935-1936; South Yarra, 1937); director (Malvern, 1949-1980)
===''GLUSKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Gluskie|Gluskie, C. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GODDARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Endacott Goddard|Goddard, John Endacott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNBM-L27] - 1914(WA)-1943(Crete) - Licences: 6JG Perth (North Perth, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1427, 1935, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Fremantle, 1936) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links:  [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/goddard-john-endacott-406692/ Aviation Museum WA]; [https://anzac.site/greece/crete-operation-thesis-goddard/ Operation Thesis]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1703409 AWM Roll of Honour]

===''GOFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Goford|Goford, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZH-W3H] - 1898(Eng)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4MI Mount Isa (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1675, 1936, Qld; BOCP 387, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Mt Isa, Qld, 1937); broadcasting technician (Goonellabah, NSW, 1943); DCA technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1954-1963)

===''GOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold|Gold, Clifford Henry Yarburgh or Yarborough &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19B-YYC] - 1906(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Brisbane (Hill End, 1926-1931); 4CG Toowoomba (1933-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 262, 1926, No. 21 in Qld; AOLCP 186, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (West End, 1928-1931); radio operator (Toowoomba, 1934); projectionist (Toowoomba, 1936-1963); radio technician (Balmoral, 1968-1977) - Relationships: nephew of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; also Doug &amp; Geoff
* [[/Douglas Edward Gold|Gold, Douglas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RL-XQB] - 1917(NSW)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 254, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Toowoomba, 1943-1949); assistant manager (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)
* [[/Edward Edwin Gold|Gold, Edward Edwin &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L13Q-WZV] - 1894(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Toowoomba (1924-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 7, 1924, No. 1 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; awarded Class B licence for 4GR Toowoomba; commercial broadcast station proprietor (4GR); Relationships: father of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; uncle of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowoomba, 1925-1958)
* [[/Geoffrey Kilvington Gold|Gold, Geoffrey Kilvington]] - 1943(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 2210, 1963; AOLCP 1608, 1964 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Douglas Edward Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio broadcaster (Annerley, 1968)
===''GOLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick John Golden|Golden, Patrick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSFG-R49] - 1893(Ire)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4PG Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely UK) - ship wireless operator; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Wynnum Heights, 1928-1931); radio dealer (Clayfield, 1936-1937); radio operator (Flying boat base, Karumba, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''GOLDSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Herbert Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Frank Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93SX-QL8] - 1895(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6FG Perth (Nedlands Park, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 377, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio journalist - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Perth, 1917); journalist (Bunbury, 1921-1922; Nedlands, 1925-1949; Roleystone, 1954-1958); retired (Rossmoyne, 1968-1972)
* [[/Gordon William Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWR-BKR] - 1914(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5HM Cowandilla (1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1629, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GOLDSWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Goldsworthy|Goldsworthy, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4D7-C24] - 1910(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (Valley, 1934-1939); 4WA Rockhampton (1947-1948)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1341, 1934, Qld; 2COCP 1112, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Valley, Qld, 1934-1943); aeradio operator (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)

===''GOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jasper Claude Golley|Golley, Jasper Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-S1F] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5JX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1937; Glengowrie, 1938-1939; Seacliff, 1948-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1522, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Glengowrie, SA, 1939-1941; Seacliff, SA, 1943)

===''GOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Good|Good, Edward Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMS7-P78] - 1864(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Glenrowan (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Taminick, 1903); traveller (Taminick, 1909-1930)

===''GOODE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Russell Goode|Goode, Arthur Russell]] - 1889(Vic)-1971(Vic) - XLK Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1913), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic),  PMGD (telegraphist, Central Office, Melbourne, 1903-1921), Listener-In (journalist; editor), author several books, grandfather of Michael Goode 3BDL
* [[/Michael Goode|Goode, Michael]] - 3ZYY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1969+), 3BDL Melbourne, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1968, No. ?? in Vic), historian (amateur radio, 5 metres), grandson of XLK Arthur Russell Goode

===''GORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Arthur Gorman|Gorman, Clarence Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLZ-X8H] - 1895(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: XCG Sydney (Oatley, 1913-1914); 2EC Receive Sydney (Arncliffe, 1922); 2EC Sydney (Arncliffe, 1923-1925); 2CG Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1929); designated operator 2UI Illawarra Radio Club (Kogarah, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 222, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: NSW winner 1923 Trans-Pacific Tests - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Rockdale, 1930-1931; Kogarah, 1932-1943; Hargrave Park, 1949; Villawood, 1954-1963)

===''GOSTELOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Victor Gostelow|Gostelow, Alfred Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVQ-PCX] - 1897(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: XABD Dorrigo (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Uralla, 1930-1936; Scone, 1937-1949; Terrigal, 1954-1968); retired (Terrigal, 1972)

===''GOTTING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Benjamin Gotting|Gotting, Herbert Edward Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLY-HLD] - 1889(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N760 Receive Braemar (1922); 2ID Receive Braemar (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Braemar, 1930); electrician (Mittagong, 1936-1937); engineer (Mittagong, 1949-1963)

===''GOVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Neville Govan|Govan, Walter Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XF-YDT] - 1905(Vic)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5WG Port Pirie (1934-1939); 5WG Crystal Brook (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1273, 1934, SA; BOCP 40, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lead burner (Port Pirie, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1943)

===''GOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Selwyn Harry James Gover|Gover, Selwyn Harry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-D2L] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Nundah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 789, 1923; 2COCP 43, 1929; 1COCP 249, 1939 - amateur receiver; ship wireless officer - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Annerley, Qld, 1925); marine radio officer (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1968)

===''GOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gelston Stewart Gow|Gow, Gelston Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7HP-61D] - 1895(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: XBW Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2GG Sydney (City, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 411, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1930); electrician (Darlinghurst, 1933-1943); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1954-1972)

===''GOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Nelson James Gowlett|Gowlett, Frank Nelson James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G619-PYV] - 1891(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 163, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Townsville, 1925); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1930-1931); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1934-1937; Cooktown, 1943-1949; Maroubra, 1949); radio officer (Maroubra, 1958-1963)

===''GOYDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil William Goyder|Goyder, Cecil William]] - about 1906(Eng)-1980(NJ, USA) - G2SZ England, amateur operator [http://www.clement-jones.com/ps03/ps03_313.html]

===''GRAHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Ernest Graham|Graham, Donald Ernest &quot;Don&quot;]] - 1933(WA)-2012(WA) - 6HK Perth (Mount Hawthorn, 1954-1956; Wembley Downs, 1960-1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 3162, 1951, No. ?? in WA) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), DoC / DoTaC (WA State Broadcasting Engineer) - a good life, well lived [https://stephbg.livejournal.com/669733.html]
* [[/James Alexander Graham|Graham, James Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G979-6RF] - 1905(Sct)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4JQ Brisbane (Ekibin, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2058, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 510, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Ekibin, Qld, 1937-1954)
* [[/William Denton Graham|Graham, William Denton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGS-KB5] - 1895(Tas)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2RR Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2WG Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 227, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Rockdale, 1930-1937); process worker (Bondi Junction, 1943); iron worker (Rockdale, 1949-1968); machinist (Rockdale, 1977); retired (Liverpool, 1980)
* [[/William Thompson Graham|Graham, William Thompson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR1-SL3] - 1902(Sct)-1987(Tas) - Licences: 7BV Receive St Mary's (1923); Receive St Mary's (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer's assistant (St Mary's, 1925-1954);

===''GRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin John Rawle Grant|Grant, Colin John Rawle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-BXF] - 1902(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4JG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 310, 1926, No. 32 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; accountant - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloowin, 1925-1934); security officer (Eagle Junction, 1936); auditor (West Nundah, 1937); retired (Southport, 1968-1980)
* [[/James Grant|Grant, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2DP Newcastle (Stockton, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 555, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/William Patrick Grant|Grant, William Patrick &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-YJC] - 1917(Ireland)-19??(Ireland) - Licences: 4WU Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1801, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 269, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; air controller (Shannon Airport) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GRANTHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Richard Grantham|Grantham, Sidney Richard &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ6-B8S] - 1920(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4SG Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1946-1956); 4SG Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1960; Hendra, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2083, 1938, Qld; 1COCP 927, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, IREE, RFDS council); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); federal public servant (DCA, Aeradio; PMGD/DoC, radio inspector); broadcast technician (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: RAAF (Yerongpilly, Qld, 1943); broadcast engineer (Harristown, Qld, 1949); engineer (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); radio inspector (Hendra, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GRANVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Florence Violet Granville|Granville (nee) / Wallace / McKenzie, Florence Violet &quot;Mrs Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRR8-ZWS] - 1890(Vic)-1982(NSW) - 2GA Sydney (Sydney, 1922-1924; Greenwich, 1925-1939), 2FV Sydney (Sydney, 1946-1950; Circular Quay, 1954; Greenwich, 1955-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 109, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, business proprietor, signals instructor - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mckenzie-florence-violet-15485 ADB]

===''GRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Gray|Gray, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Albert Howell Gray|Gray, Albert Howell &quot;Dave&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXM-J83] - 1907(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2IJ Receive Sydney (Killara, 1922); 2IJ Sydney (Killara, 1923-1939, 1946-1969; Whale Beach, 1975-1980+); 2AG Sydney (McMahons Point, 1931-1938; Lane Cove, 1939); 2APV Sydney (McMahons Point, 1954; Strathfield, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 90, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Killara, 1930-1936); engineer (Killara, 1937-1968; Whale Beach, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Malcolm Gray|Gray, Frank Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBBV-5XS] - 1910(SA)-2011(Qld)100yo - Licences: 5MU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1932-1933); 5SU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1937-1939, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1017, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 5MU possibly withdrawn for 5MU Murray Bridge - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Toorak Gardens, 1939)
* [[/George Henry Boulderson Gray|Gray, George Henry Boulderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTTN-WVM] - 1912(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JP Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1796, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot, Qld, 1936-1943); sound engineer (Ascot, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''GREEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Green|Green, Albert Ernest]] - 1869(Vic)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - State &amp; Federal politician; Postmaster-General (1931-1932) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Albert Green (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Herman Rowland Green|Green, Herman Rowland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-LGY] - 1915(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: 5OJ Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1679, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. Green|Green, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Yeronga, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter William Green|Green, Walter William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-R87] - 1911(WA)-2012(WA) - Licences: 6WG Albany (1936-1937); 6WG Wiluna (1937-1939); 6WG Albany (1947-1960); 6WG Derby (1965); 6WG Norseman (1969); 6WG Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1676, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936); fitter (Albany, WA, 1958-1963); plant inspector (Norseman, WA, 1968); mechanic (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''GREENHALGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Neal Greenhalgh|Greenhalgh, Kenneth Neal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-NGD] - 1909(NSW)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 2KG Newcastle (Hamilton, 1929-1930; Rooty Hill, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Mayfield West, 1934-1939; New Lambton, 1946-1956; Adamstown Heights, 1957-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 550, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 73, 1932; 1COCP 839, 1944; TVOCP 18, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Hamilton, 1930); broadcasting engineer (2KO Sandgate, 1933); engineer (Mayfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (New Lambton, 1943-1954; Adamstown, 1958-1968; Adamstown Heights, 1977-1980) 
===''GREENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold John Greenham|Greenham, Arnold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH9-QQS] - 1907(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4EE Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933); 4AG Gympie (1934); 4AG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1946-1948); 4AG Caloundra (1954-1956); 4AG Brisbane (Kallangur, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1040, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 807, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; bank employee (NAB) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Gympie, 1936; Innisfail, 1937; South Brisbane, 1943-1949); not stated (Caloundra, 1954-1958); retired (Kallangur, 1963-1972)
===''GREENHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alexander Greenhill|Greenhill, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3K-GWN] - 1904(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LE Brisbane (West End, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1348, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925); ceiling fixer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928); cleaner (West End, Qld, 1937; Archerfield, Qld, 1943); steward (Wilston, Qld, 1949); metal finisher (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); barman (Kirra, Qld, 1958); caretaker (Caloundra, Qld, 1963); cleaner (Woorim, Qld, 1968)

===''GREGORY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. Gregory|Gregory, A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAED Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, possibly Alyn Keith Gregory, bank officer, Bellevue Hill, 1930-1939
* [[/Clyde Francis Burnell Gregory|Gregory, Clyde Francis Burnell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS34-5MV] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Qld) - Licences: Receive Emu Park (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1937); fisherman (Yeppoon, Qld, 1943-1949); taxi driver (Maryborough, Qld, 1958); taxi proprietor (Nelly Bay, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Harold Rigby Gregory|Gregory, Harold Rigby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2C9-CDX] - 1900(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2ED Receive Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1922); 2ED Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1930); inspector (Roseville, 1931-1936); insurance inspector (Roseville, 1937); manager (Newcastle, 1943-1954); insurance manager (Merewether, 1958-1972)
* [[/Robert William Gregory|Gregory, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2FW-QFJ] - 1907(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5GU Mt Barker (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1438, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Kadina, SA, 1939); police officer (Lobethal, SA, 1941-1943)

===''GREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Grey|Grey, Albert Edward &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDK5-374] - 1897(WA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6BO Perth (Nedlands, 1925-1932); 6BO Carnarvon (1933); 6AA Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; RTCP 532, 1920, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP 35, 1934; TVOCP 278 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD); PMGD (postal assistant, Leederville,1919); WW1; RAAF (WW2, radar systems) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1925; Nedlands, 1925-1931); radio inspector (Nedlands, 1936-1972); retired (Nedlands, 1977-1980)
* [[/Elton Edward Grey|Grey, Elton Edward or Edward Elton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWPL-PQ5] - 1920(Qld)-1962(WA) - Licences: 4LX Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939); 6ZX Perth (West Perth, 1948); 6ZX Northam (1954-1955); 6ZX Perth (Leederville, 1956; Floreat Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1689, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (West Perth, WA, 1943); bank clerk (West Perth, WA, 1949); bank officer (Wagin, WA, 1949; Northam, WA, 1954; Floreat Park, WA, 1958)
* [[/James Leonard Grey|Grey, James Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZV-ZY5] - 1915(Sct)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4LN Brisbane (Norman Park, 1937-1938); 2AKO Sydney (Vaucluse, 1939; Pymble, 1946-1961; St Ives, 1965-1969; Neutral Bay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 184, 1934; 2COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF); pilot (RQAC, QANTAS) - Electoral Rolls: aviator (Norman Park, Qld, 1936-1937); airline captain (Pymble, NSW, 1949-1958; St Ives, NSW, 1963-1968); retired (Neutral Bay, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''GRIBBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Gribble|Gribble, Arthur James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Comment: only one reference found, likely misspelling; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''GRIEVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Grieve|Grieve, Ian]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - historian (broadcast); proprietor of Australian Old Time Radio website - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://www.australianotr.com.au/ OTR]
===''GRIFFIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Neville Griffin|Griffin, Thomas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C4-RJ2] - 1889(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2LQ Sydney (Hornsby, 1929-1936); 2AIR Sydney (Northbridge, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 505, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hornsby, 1930-1934); electrical engineer (Artarmon, 1936; Willoughby, 1937; Hornsby, 1943-1949)
===''GRIFFEN-FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bridget Griffen-Foley|Griffen-Foley, Bridget]] - historian (broadcasting) - Professor, Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language and Literature, Macquarie University - author &quot;Changing Stations: The Story of Australian Commercial Radio&quot; &amp; numerous professional articles
===''GRIFFITHS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Arthur Griffiths|Griffiths, Leslie Arthur &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZK-81V] - 1909(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LZ Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1947-1956) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, signaller); cine assistant (Empire Theatre) - Halcyon: AOCP Toowoomba 1938 - Electoral Rolls: assistant projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1931-1937); biograph projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); projectionist (Toowoomba West, Qld, 1963-1968)

===''GRIGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Haydn Errol Grigg|Grigg, Haydn Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BV-N98] - 1899(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922); 2AS Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Darlinghurst, 1935; Edgecliff, 1935-1949; Double Bay, 1954-1968)
===''GRIMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Douglas Grimes|Grimes, Benjamin Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8B-D6J] - 1901(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Annerley, 1923-1924); 4BD Brisbane (Annerley, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 278, 1926, No. 23 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Tarragindi, 1925-1937); share dealer (New Farm, 1943); farmer (Cleveland, 1949-1958); retired (Corinda, 1968-1980)
===''GRIMMETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Urbane Grimmett|Grimmett, Stanley Urbane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L447-3MW] - 1905(NZ)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Newcastle (Hamilton, 1930-1937); 2ZW Sydney (Bankstown, 1938-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1960; Vaucluse, 1961-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 667, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, journalist - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Hamilton, 1930-1937; Strathfield, 1949-1958); Vaucluse, 1963)
===''GRIVELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Grivell|Grivell, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC43-NGM] - 1901(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5BK Yorketown (1930-1933); 5BK Gladstone (1937); 5BK Crystal Brook (1938-1939); 5BK Gawler (1946-1947); 5BK Magill (1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 609, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (5CK Crystal Brook, 1939-1941); telephone mechanic (Gawler, 1943)

===''GROGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold William Grogan|Grogan, Arnold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSS-87B] - 1915(WA)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6EI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1936-1939; City, 1947); 6EI Carnarvon (1948); 6EI Perth (Leederville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1759, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); public servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1949); civil servant (Leederville, WA, 1954-1980)

===''GRONOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rees Gronow|Gronow, William Rees]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVM-KFV] - 1908(Vic)-2003(Vic) - 3EQ Receive Melbourne (City, 1922-1924), 3WG Melbourne (City, 1925-1933; Glen Iris, 1937; Malvern East, 1937; Glen Iris, 1938-1939, 1948-1960; Brighton, 1965-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 178, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, director (Malvern, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1968-1977))

===''GROVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Grove|Grove, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KB-97B] - 1897(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: N746 Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922); 2HZ Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 575, 1920 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Castle Hill, 1930); poultry farmer (Peakhurst, 1933-1949); retired (Burwood, 1963-1972)
===''GROWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Norman Wills Growden|Growden, George Norman Wills &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9C6-15M] - 1913(Vic)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5YM Gladstone (1937-1939); 5YM Wedge Island via Port Lincoln (1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1945, 1937, SA; BOCP 145, 1938; 2COCP 401, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943); wireless operator (RAAF Station, Pearce, WA, 1943)

===''GRUBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Grubb|Grubb, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6WK-K6N] - 1907(Qld)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 4DI Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1931); concrete labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1963); retired (Finch Hatton, 1968)
===''GRUMMITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Frederick Grummitt|Grummitt, Gilbert Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-FFD] - 1906(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4BS Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1929-1933; Hamilton, 1937-1939; Bulimba, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 531, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Fortitude Valley, 1928-1934; Hamilton, 1936-1937); boilermaker (Bulimba, 1949-1958)
===''GRUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hill Grundy|Grundy, Robert Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZP7-F78] - 1915(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5BG Murray Bridge (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 5BG Crystal Brook (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2010, 1937, SA; BOCP 175, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GUILDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Guildford|Guildford, Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-5BG] - 19??(Eng)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4AP Brisbane (Herston, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Sandgate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1342, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, publicity officer) - Electoral Rolls: advertisment writer (West End, Qld, 1934); copy writer (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1936-1949)

===''GUNDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thor Odin Gundersen|Gundersen (BDM) or Gunderson (Census), Thor Odin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHL8-F2W] - 1895(NZ)-1986(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 242, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Bondi, 1930-1931); radio officer (ss Fiona, 1943)
===''GUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Campbell Gunn|Gunn, Kenneth Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-X18] - 1911(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LG Laidley (1932-1937); 4LD Laidley (1937-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 884, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Callsigns: 4LG likely withdrawn for 4LG Longreach - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Laidley, Qld, 1937-1972)

===''GUNTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Eliot Gunter|Gunter, Norman Eliot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2WR-5VB] - 1912(Vic)-1943(At Sea) - Licences: 3NG Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 593, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 372, 1932; 1COCP 51, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (merchant navy, wireless operator) - Electoral Rolls: sales (Caulfield, 1935; Hawthorn, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1428541]
===''GURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Carlisle Gurner|Gurner, Reginald Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8S8] - 1905(SA)-1975(SA) - 5CZ Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); 5RG Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923-1928; Linden Park Gardens, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 31, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Linden Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GURR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Frederick Gurr|Gurr, Alan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-KJV] - 1904(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Geelong East (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geelong, 1926-1928; Belmont, 1931-1972)
* [[/George Henry Gurr|Gurr, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L46K-DBB] - 1896(SA)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 5GO Adelaide (Parafield, 1933); 3QH Melbourne (Stanmore, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1142, 1933, SA; 3COCP 185, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Parkville, Vic, 1926); ground engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1928); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954)

===''GUTTERIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frank Gutteridge|Gutteridge, Reginald Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNYP-KSN] - 1886(Tas)-1942(WA) - Licences: V759 Receive (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm manager (Marnoo, Vic, 1921); electrical engineer (Rupanyup, 1924-1927)

=='''H'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''HADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lionel Trimble Hadley|Hadley, Arthur Lionel Trimble &quot;Doc&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7ZX-G9Y] - 1900(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4AH Brisbane (Clifton Hill, 1930-1933; Dutton Park, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 636, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: signwriter (Taringa, 1921); salesman (Toowong, 1922-1925); motor assembler (Yeronga, 1929); radio mechanic (South Brisbane, 1937); technician (Annerley, 1949-1958); retired (Inala, 1958; Seven Hills, 1963)
===''HADLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Lindsay Hadlow|Hadlow, Martin Lindsay]] - radio clubs (NZDXRL, ARDXC, DXA), early wireless and broadcasting historian (Ph.D. Thesis,)

===''HAGARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neville Douglas Hagarty|Hagarty, Neville Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G38J-GBJ] - 1907(Qld)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster (on 4WH); radio club participant; business proprietor; pilot; federal public servant (DCA) - Relationships: brother of 4WH William Edward Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: woodworker (Hospital Hill, 1930)
* [[/William Edward Hagarty|Hagarty, William Edward &quot;Edward / Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G384-TL3] - 1905(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4WH Longreach (1925-1939); 4WH Townsville (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 172, 1925, No. 16 in Qld; 2COCP 271, 1939; 1COCP 309, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; engineer; postal employee (PMG); federal public servant (PMG) - Relationships: brother of Neville Douglas Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Longreach, 1930-1937); aeradio operator (Longreach, 1943); officer commanding aeradio station (Townsville, 1949-1954); communications officer (Townsville, 1958-1963; Mysterton, 1968)

===''HAI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pham Nhu Hai|Hai, Pham Nhu &quot;Hai&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), Director Broadcasting ITU-R
===''HAIGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bartin Robert Alfred Read Haigh|Haigh, Bartin Robert Alfred Read]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-J8B] - 1854(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: N752 Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2IA Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1930); poultry farmer (Seven Hills, 1933)
===''HAINES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Lewis Harrison Haines|Haines, Claude Lewis Harrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-8F6] - 1906(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5CH Millicent (1933-1937); 3QM Geelong (Belmont, 1938-1939); 5CH Mt Gambier (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1118, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Belmont, Vic, 1937); engine driver (Mt Gambier, SA, 1941-1943)

===''HALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl William Millar Hale|Hale, Carl William Millar &quot;William&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VR-TPL] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3GH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3GH Anglesea (1924-1931+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 120, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Elsternwick, 1924); architect (Hawthorn, 1958-1968; Malvern, 1977-1980)
===''HALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lovett Hall|Hall, Geoffrey Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDB-ZD3] - 1895(Tas)-1972(Tas) - Licences: Receive Waddamanna (1923-1924); 7GH Waddamanna (1925-1931+); 7GH Hobart (1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 137, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 85, 1937 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); engineer (New Town, 1936-1949)
* [[/Graham George Hall|Hall, Graham George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HN-Z89] - 1910(Vic)-1971(Eng) - Licences: 3WO Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931; Hawthorn, 1933); 2AGH Sydney (Five Dock, 1937; Strathfield, 1938-1939; Hurstville, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 482, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Auburn, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Abbotsford, 1937); engineer (Hurstville, 1949-1954; South Hurstville, 1958-1968)
* [[/Reginald Allen Hall|Hall, Reginald Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 539, 1929, No. ?? in ???? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. F. Hall|Hall, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3FH Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3FH Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Charles Hall|Hall, William Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BH Abermain (1930-1933); 2XT Abermain (1934-1936); 2XT Kurri Kurri (1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2XT Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1950-1965; Toronto, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 643, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Abermain, 1935; Kurri Kurri, 1937-1943); hotel licensee (Newcastle, 1949-1963); retired (Toronto, 1972; Carey Bay, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2BH licence withdrawn for 2BH Broken Hill commercial; Beware several contemporaneous WCH in Newcastle region
===''HALLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philpot Hallam|Hallam, William Philpot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MX-Y3J] - 1859(Tas)-1952(Vic) - Licences: XZH Hobart (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; PMGD Vic + Federal - Electoral Rolls: Nil
===''HALLIDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Fred Halliday|Halliday, Eric Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC26-L5B] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5FW Adelaide (Hectorville, 1935-1939; South Payneham, 1947-1969; Magill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1494, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Crystal Brook, 1939)

===''HALYDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Guyler Halyday|Halyday, James Guyler]] - 1904(Vic)-19??(???) - 4HZ Gympie (1939, 1946-1980+) , amateur operator (AOCP 2287, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ; Gympie ARC), military (WW2), employment (SEAQ linesman)

===''HAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilton Ham|Ham, George Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-P28] - 1905(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1923); 4GW Brisbane (Northgate, 1930-1931; Coorparoo, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 572, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (Toombul RC); employment (Chandlers) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1937; St Lucia, 1943-1968); retired (Jamboree Heights, 1972-1980)
* [[/Guildford Ham|Ham, Guildford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67H-W9Y] - 1906(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 101, 1937 - radio technician - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (South Brisbane, 1928-1937); radio technician (South Brisbane, 1943; Bald Hills, 1943; Annerley, 1954); technician (Wavell Heights, 1958-1963)
* [[/Thomas Edward Ham|Ham, Thomas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88F-R3P] - 1921(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4WX Brisbane (Chelmer, 1937-1939); 2AGA Sydney (Kogarah, 1946-1947; Carlton, 1948-1950; Sylvannia Heights, 1954-1975); 4AGT Buderim (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2056, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Sylvannia, 1954-1968); mechanic (Sylvannia, NSW, 1972-1977); retired (Buderim, 1980)
===''HAMILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Ormsby Hamilton|Hamilton, John William Ormsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MG65-XRC] - 1869(Tas)-1944(Eng) - Australian representative of Pacific Radio Telegraph Co and Marconi Telegraph Co, promoted a scheme to link Aus/NZ/Pacific Islands (rejected by Aus Gov 1909), migrated to England to work for Marconi, donated Ormsby Hamilton Radio Prize in memory of his father Thomas Ormsby Hamilton
===''HAMMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Harold Hammond|Hammond, John Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HP-67H] - 1875(NSW)-1932(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: barrister-at-law (Ashfield, 1913); barrister (Killara, 1930-1932)
* [[/Herbert Bowes Hammond|Hammond, Herbert Bowes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-2PK] - 1907(NSW)-1967(NSW) - 2NI Sydney (Chatswood, 1925; Epping, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928; Naremburn, 1929-1930), amateur operator (AOCP 64, 1925 01, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 895, 1925 12; 2COCP 318, 1931), amateur broadcaster

===''HANCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. A. Hancock|Hancock, C. A. or G. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V748 Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922); 3GU Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/D'Arcy Maxwell Hancock|Hancock, D'Arcy Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCG4-L3Y] - 1910(SA)-2017(SA)107yo - Licences: 5RJ Kadina (1927-1939, 1946-1960); 5RJ Adelaide (Mitchell Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 356, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kadina, 1947)

===''HANNAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hannam|Hannam, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G83F-J78] - 1913(NSW)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 2IR Sydney (Hurstville South, 1935-1937); 2IR Orange (1938-1939); Sydney (South Hurstville, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1472, 1935, Qld; BOCP 9, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hurstville, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Orange, 1943; Hurstville, 1949); engineer (Cheltenham, 1949-1954; Moorabbin, 1963)
* [[/Walter Henry Hannam|Hannam, Walter Henry &quot;Wally&quot; &quot;Wal&quot;, &quot;Doc&quot;, &quot;Fatty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273W-H9T] - 1885(NSW)-1965(NSW) - XQI Stamford, Qld (1911-1914); 2YH Sydney (Balmain, 1924; Mosman, 1924-1933; Willoughby, 1934-1939); 2AXH Terrigal (1954-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 27, 1924, No. 10 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; radio clubs (WIA NSW, first secretary 1910); wireless operator Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1912-1914) - Relationships: don't confuse with father William Henry Hannam of Hannams Ltd, engineers &amp; sheet metal workers - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Walter Henry Hannam|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/biography/hannam_walter.php Bio1]; [https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/people/walter-hannam/ Bio2]
===''HANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hansen|Hansen, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-45T] - 1914(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4FH Brisbane (Forest Hill, 1935-1939); 4SV Brisbane (Bulimba, 1948-1965; Carina, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1508, 1935, Qld; BOCP 1039, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, 1937, radio technician); state public servant (BCC, communications officer) - Relationships: father of Graham Hansen 4FV - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Forest Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); WT Operator (Wendouree, Vic, 1942); RAAF (Maryborough, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Carina, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''HARDGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Hardgrave|Hardgrave, Philip &quot;Pop&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMPF-XL5] - 1857(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4PH Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1150, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: oldest person in British Empire to obtain a full licence - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Wellington Point, 1916-1928)
===''HARDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Netherton Kilgour Hardie|Hardie, Bruce Netherton Kilgour]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ95-FMJ] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - 3YX Melbourne (Garden Vale, 1925-1933; City, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 49, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, WIA Vic, accountant
===''HARDISTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Hardisty|Hardisty, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-C4W] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DH Perth (Victoria Park, 1926-1939; West Perth, 1946-1948; Applecross, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 273, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Victoria Park, 1931-1943); radio mechanic (Applecross, 1954-1980)
===''HARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. R. Hardy|Hardy, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2RD Sydney (Glebe, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 187, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''HARKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dennis James Harkin|Harkin, Denis or Dennis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G45Q-9PH] - 1903(SA)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3YN Receive Melbourne (Prahran, 1923); 3KF Melbourne (Kensington, 1924-1925); 3YN Melbourne (Preston, 1924-1926); 4YN Bowen (1927); 3YN Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1931); 3YY Newport (1938); 6YN Pearce (1938); 3ADJ Melbourne (Prahran, 1946-1948; Middle Park, 1954-1956; Thornbury, 1960-1975); 4ADJ Maryborough (1980) - Qualifications: CPRT 782, 1923; 1COCP 280, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club participant (WIAQ); career military (RAAF); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Preston, Vic, 1926; Brunswick, Vic, 1931; Newport, 1937); RAAF (Clifton Hill, 1942); technician (Prahran, 1949; Albert Park, 1954); radio technician (Thornbury, 1963-1972); nil (Maryborough, 1977-1980)

===''HARLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Harlen|Harlen, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8MP-TWB] - 1884(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Sunnybank, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1908); fruit grower (Sunnybank, Qld, 1912-1949)

===''HARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Nicoll Harley|Harley, Gordon Nicoll]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-41H] - 1901(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: &quot;4AR Unlicensed&quot; Ipswich (1926-1928); 4GH Ipswich (1928-1933); 4GH Didcott (1937-1939); 4GH Maryborough (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 385, 1928, No. 43 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (radio manufacture); employment (school teacher); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Brassall, 1925); school teacher (Didcot, 1936-1943); teacher (Maryborough, 1949); school teacher (Maryborough, 1954-1980)

===''HARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Harmer|Harmer, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRTY-KHZ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4XW Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Camp Hill, 1954-1956; Coorparoo, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1301, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIAQ); telephone technician (PMGD); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1954); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''HARRANTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wolf Harranth|Harranth, Wolf]] - 1941(Austria)-2021(Austria) - Licences: OE1WHC Austria - curator of Dokufunk, host of the world's largest collection of amateur radio and broadcast QSLs; amateur radio operator; broadcast announcer; historian (amateur radio, broadcasting); children's book author; translator - provided the core of the WIA QSL collection
===''HARRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Harris|Harris, Alfred Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY1-F4K] - 1900(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3CH Birchip (1926-1939; 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: AOCP 303, 1926, No. ?? in Vic -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, class B licence? - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ouyen, 1924); electrical engineer (Birchip, 1925-1954; Power Station, Ouyen, 1963)
* [[/Ross Clifford Harris|Harris, Ross Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y2-DZF] - 1917(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5FL Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1939; Malvern, 1947-1948; Hawthorn, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1651, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Valentine Harms Harris|Harris, Valentine Harms]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PM-FDM] - 1909(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6NL Perth (Shenton Park, 1935-1939; Applecross,  1947-1969); 6NL Denmark (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1579, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 6YL Ruth Victoria Harris nee Longley - Electoral Rolls: garage employee (Subiaco, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); mechanic (Applecross, WA, 1949-1972)
===''HARRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Lionel Carr Harrison|Harrison, Percival Lionel Carr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-VDC] - 1912(WA)-2001(WA) - Licences: 6LH Perth (Claremont, 1937-1939; Armadale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1909, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Claremont, WA, 1936-1937); civil servant (Armadale, WA, 1943-1980)

===''HARRISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Harriss|Harriss, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8HN-THZ] - 1873(Eng)-1932(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Longreach Radio Club), business proprietor (Jackson &amp; Harriss) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Longreach, 1930) - Relationships: father of Dorothy Winnifred Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss
* [[/Dorothy Winnifred Harriss|Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGYC-3CP] - 1905(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4DH Longreach (1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 573, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); first YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: typist (Longreach, 1930); home duties (Longreach, 1936-1943; Warwick, 1949; Toowoomba, 1954-1977; Macgregor, 1980) - Relationships: daughter of Alfred George Harriss
===''HARRISSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harrisson|Harrisson, Charles &quot;Snowy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-VK3] - 1908(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1933); 3CN Shepparton (1937-1939); 7CH Hobart (Moonah, 1954-1960); 7CH Burnie (1965); 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 348, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of Charles Turnbull Harrisson, biologist in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Shepparton, 1936-1949); bank manager (Moonah, 1954)

===''HARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie William Harston|Harston, Leslie William or William Leslie &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQD-XVY] - 1897(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1932-1939, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 903, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (art shop) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Clayfield, Qld, 1921-1943); no occupation (Holland Park, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''HART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Samuel Hart|Hart, Augustus Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CMQ-4CP] - 1890(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 57, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Watchem, Vic, 1912; Glen Thompson, 1913); wireless engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1936-1937); wireless operator (Esperance, 1943); telegraphist (Darwin, 1949); wireless officer (Moonee Ponds, 1963-1968; Essendon, 1972)
* [[/James Claude Hoyte John Hart|Hart, James Claude Hoyte John &quot;Hoyte John&quot;, &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWC-W4C] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2HO Sydney (Manly, 1928-1931; Roseville, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; St Ives East, 1957-1975; Manly, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 410, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 4622, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1933-1954; St Ives, 1958-1963); retired (St Ives, 1968-1977; Manly, 1980)
* [[/Norman Victor Hart|Hart, Norman Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNK3-TXW] - 1908(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4KO Booval (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 760, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIA, Ipswich RC); engineer - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Booval, 1932-1937); grocer (Booval, 1943-1949); radio technician (Booval, 1954-1972; East Ipswich, 1977-1980)

===''HARVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. C. L. Harvey|Harvey, B. C. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAC Melbourne (Port Melbourne, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edward Rossiter Harvey|Harvey, Edward Rossiter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBP-BK8] - 1918(WA)-2009(Qld) - Licences: 6RG Perth (Scarborough, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4RK Surfers Paradise (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2041, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Leederville, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1943); newsagent (Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); shopkeeper (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1963); proprietor (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Mermaid Waters, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Manning Herbert Harvey|Harvey, Manning Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZGG-LFZ] - 1887(Tas)-1932(Tas) - Licences: XZC Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1914-1928)

===''HASKARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Geoffrey Haskard|Haskard, Reginald Geoffrey &quot;Geoff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-S35] - 1906(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Jamestown, 1923-1924); 5RH Adelaide (Jamestown, 1927-1931; North Adelaide, 1933; Malvern, 1937-1939; Helmsdale, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1975; West Beach, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 316, 1927, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1558, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retreader (Malvern, 1939-1941); wireless operator (Malvern, 1943)

===''HATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Westrop Henry Hatfield|Hatfield, Westrop Henry &quot;West&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-VF5] - 1909(Vic)-1998(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)
===''HATTAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Hattam|Hattam, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZV-QDL] - 1906(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3HW Castlemaine (1929-1939); 3BAL Castlemaine (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 541, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 410, 1941 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Castlemaine, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Castlemaine, 1954-1967); engineer (Castlemaine, 1968-1972)

===''HAWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haworth|Haworth, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G823-JT3] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences Q737 Receive Qld (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ironside Estate, 1917); mechanic (Taringa, 1921-1928); lineman (North Tmborine, 1931); electrical mechanic (Eagle Heights, 1936; Toowong, 1937); telephone mechanic (Bundaberg, 1943-1949); technician (Toowong, 1954-1972); retired (Caloundra, 1977-1980)
===''HAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edgar Cecil Hawson|Hawson, Thomas Edgar Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-ZV9] - 1916(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Ipswich (Woodend, 1937-1939; East Ipswich, 1947-1948); 4CH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1969; Salisbury, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2016, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: agent (Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (East Ipswich, Qld, 1949); storekeeper (Windsor, Qld, 1954; Yeronga, Qld, 1958; Salisbury, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''HAYMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Inglis Hayman|Hayman, William George Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-CX1] - 1897(Eng)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6BG Perth (Claremont, 1925); 6GH Perth (Claremont, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist; educator - Electoral Rolls: lecturer (Claremont, 1922-1929); engineer (Claremont, 1931-1954); civil servant (Claremont, 1958-1968) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hayman-william-george-12971 ADB]
===''HAYNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Lot Henry Haynes|Haynes, Bruce Lot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC44-8M4] - 1898(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2YA Armidale (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Armidale, 1930-1936); poultry farmer (West Pennant Hills, 1943-1958)
* [[/Thomas Ambrose John Haynes|Haynes, Thomas Ambrose John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSC5-WXM] - 1902(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5AY Adelaide (Black Forest Estate, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 835, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Black Forest, 1939-1943)

===''HAZLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett|Hazlett, Royce Stanley Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXX4-F38] - 1932(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4ZRH Brisbane (Wellers Hill, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOLCP 1159, 1961, Qld - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4EO Stanley Albert Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1963); electrical contractor (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1968-1972); contractor (Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Stanley Albert Hazlett|Hazlett, Stanley Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC33-RH7] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4EO Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 4ZRH Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, Qld, 1925-1928); buyer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''HEARPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Hearps, David Edward]] - See David Edward Vaughan (assumed change of name)

===''HEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Harry Heath|Heath, Allan Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y4-4DT] - 1914(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5ZX Adelaide (Prospect Park, 1934-1939; Highgate, 1947-1956; Brighton, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1369, 1934, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''HEATHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Heathers|Heathers, Cyril John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XN-NG9] - 1909(Eng)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2GZ Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1934); 2UA Sydney (Bankstown, 1935-1939; Artarmon, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 615, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Bankstown, 1930-1943); telephone engineer (Artarmon, 1949-1968); engineer (Artarmon, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2GZ callsign likely withdrawn by PMGD for 2GZ Orange commercial

===''HEILBRONN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Heilbronn|Heilbronn, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJHL-PW3] - 1894(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4GG Chinchilla (1929-1939); 4GG Yarraman (1946-1955); 4GG Crows Nest (1956); 4GG Millmerran (1960); 4GG Brisbane (Wynnum, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 565, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Qld Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fireman (Chinchilla, 1925-1937); locomotive driver (Yarraman, 1954); engine driver (Millmerran, 1943-1958); retired (Wynnum, 1963-1968) 
===''HEINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Heine|Heine, John Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VS-V1F] - 1908(Tas)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 7JK Hobart (City, 1927; Bellerive, 1931); 4JX Brisbane (City, 1933; Ascot, 1935; Kangaroo Point, 1937; Mowbray Park, 1938-1939); 3JF Melbourne (Beaumaris) (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 355, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, 1934; Norman Park, 1937); engineer (Brighton, 1949); representative (Beaumaris, 1954-1980)
===''HEINRICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Latimer Heinrich|Heinrich, William Latimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG5-S7Y] - 1917(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5HR Bute (1934-1939); 5HR Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1376, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmhand (Bute, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HEITSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry John Keith Heitsch|Heitsch, Henry John Keith or Heinrich Johann]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CV-QYP] - 1907(Vic)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 3HK Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1939, 1947-1975); 4AHK Scarness (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 516, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano fitter (Mitcham, 1931-1954); technician (Mitcham, 1963-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1980)

===''HELLAWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Herbert Hellawell|Hellawell, Francis Herbert &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK5G-478] - 1885(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur radio clubs (member, WIQ); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, 1913-1914; Coorparoo, 1919; East Annerley, 1925; Annerley, 1929-1934); clerk (Brisbane City, 1937); no occupation (Beachmere, 1943-1949; Annerley, 1954-1958)
===''HELLYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leicester Henry Hellyer|Hellyer, Leicester Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KFNW-BTC] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LS Sydney (Rockdale, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 600, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Rockdale, 1930-1933; Manly, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936-1937; Willoughby, 1943; Artarmon, 1949-1963; Newport, 1968-1977)

===''HENDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Henderson|Henderson, Frederick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-XRX] - 1891(Eng)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 208, 1916 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/S. A. Henderson|Henderson, S. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JN Adelaide (Walkerville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HENNESSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] - 1896(Qld)-19?? - 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld), fourth YL operator in Qld
===''HENRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Geddes Henry|Henry, Arthur Geddes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4QW-K9Z] - 1907(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK Sydney (Sandringham, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 494, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Sandringham, NSW, 1930-1937); engineer (San Souci, 1949-1963; Northbridge, 1968)
* [[/Clement John Henry|Henry, Clement John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6T-RPC] - 1905(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Uralla (1923); 2CH Uralla (1924-1929); 2UR Uralla (1930-1939); 2UR Blakehurst (1946); 2UR Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1948-1957; Pymble, 1958-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 85, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Withdrawal: 2CH callsign withdrawn in 1930 for 2CH Sydney - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Uralla, 1930-1937); electrical fitter (RAAF Richmond, 1943); technician (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954; Pymble, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Edwin Henry|Henry, John Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL6B-GD6] - 1868(Vic)-1933(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Receive Mt Alford via Boonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: baker (Gundy, NSW, 1913); farmer (Boonah, Qld, 1917-1921); storekeeper (Mt Alford, Qld, 1922-1926); baker (Dayboro, Qld, 1928; Wondai, Qld, 1931)
* [[/Raymond Cherrington Henry|Henry, Raymond Cherrington &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-C1Y] - 1894(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5CY Cook (1935-1939); 5RY Adelaide (Goodwood, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1421, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: Son, also named RCH, passed in WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HENWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Franklin Henwood|Henwood, Ralph Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89X-CF6] - 1912(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6RL Perth (North Perth, 1930-1933; Claremont, 1937); 6RL Northam (1946-1948); 2AXA Sydney (Rose Bay, 1960-1961); 6RL Perth (Claremont, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 720, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 2, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio serviceman (Claremont, 1936); radio operator (6AM) (Northam, 1937); radio technician (Northam, 1943-1949; Claremont, 1954); technician (Bellevue Hill, 1958; Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977)

===''HEPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Dean Hepton|Hepton, William Dean &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRBB-VN5] - 1898(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4WD Brisbane (Milton, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 918, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, instructor 1932-1935) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1921; Milton, Qld, 1925-1963)

===''HERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Kinross Herd|Herd, James Kinross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-YSQ] - 1901(Vic)-1963(Vic) - 3JK Baccus Marsh (1924-1927), 3JK Wangaratta (1933-1939, 1946-1956), 3JK Mornington (1960), amateur operator (AOCP 36, 1924, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''HERSCHEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Victor Herschel|Herschel, Henry Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4N6-76H] - 1902(Qld)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4UK Cairns (1929-1931); 4UK Toowoomba (1933); 4UK Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 564, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1925; Cairns, 1930; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937)- Comment: Passed too soon

===''HESKETH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hesketh|Hesketh, John]] - 1868(Eng)-1917(Vic) - early wireless experimenter, senior state public servant (Qld electrical engineer), senior federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer), military (Royal Engineers, Eng; Qld Defence Force, lieutenant)

===''HEWITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Hewitt|Hewitt, Archibald John &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DZ-TNY] - 1910(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939); 5XK Kingscote (1946-1948); 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1954; College Park, 1955-1956; Lucindale, 1960; Semaphore, 1965-1969; Ottaway, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 582, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Kingscote, 1939-1941)
* [[/Clarence Richard Hewitt|Hewitt, Clarence Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6D1-718] - 1900(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Brisbane (Rosalie, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1919); student (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1921-1926); moulder (Rosalie, Qld, 1928); carpenter (Rosalie, Qld, 1936-1943; Indooroopilly, Qld, 1949); hotel manager (Indooroopilly, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Horace Thomas Hewitt|Hewitt, Horace Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MN6S-JBL] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PD Brisbane (Moorooka, 1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2377, 1939, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Hodgson, Qld, 1925; Bowen, Qld, 1930); mechanic (Roma, Qld, 1936-1937); turner (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Thomas George Hewitt|Hewitt, Thomas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-PLM] - 1900(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 4TH Cairns (1937-1939); 2LH Lismore (1946-1961); 2ATG Lennox Head (1955-1961) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Cairns, Qld, 1930-1943; Lismore, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''HIAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Charles Hiam|Hiam, Robert Charles &quot;Charles&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VCT-14T] - 1888(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: XLD Melbourne (Balaclava, 1913-1914); 3LW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1931; Caulfield North, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 174, 1915 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: tailor (St Kilda, 1913-1928; Caulfield, 1931-1968); retired (Beaumaris, 1972-1980)

===''HICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Joseph Hicks|Hicks, Henry Joseph &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QG-RRR] - 1913(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 1HH Macquarie Island (1955-1956); 4HG Willis Island (1963); 9HG Lae, New Guinea (1965-1969); 4HG Tolga (1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 2468, 1941, Qld; 1COCP 784, 1944 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: letterpress machinist (Cairns, 1936-1937); printer (Newtown, 1943); radio officer (Broome, 1963); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1972); retired (Tolga, 1977-1980) - Awards: BEM (1958, Officer in Charge, Radio Weather Reporting Station, Willis Islets)

===''HIGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Gordon Conway Higgins|Higgins, John Gordon Conway &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD45-FKK] - 1884(NSW)-1963(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 29, 1914 - wireless telegraphist, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Perth, 1910-1912); radio engineer (Prahran, 1925-1927); manufacturer (St Kilda, Vic, 1934-1937); soldier (Caulfield, 1942); military duties (South Yarra, 1949); retired (Dromana, 1954; Sorrento, 1963)

===''HILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Edward Hilder|Hilder, Henry Edward]] - 1919(???)-1984(Qld) - 4HH Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1946-1948; Nudgee, 1954-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, AIF Signals), employment (Brisbane Fire Brigade, communications), (Halcyon says AOCP Brisbane 1936 but no record)
===''HILDYARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol David Hildyard|Hildyard, Athol David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-TBD] - 1919(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7DH Hobart (City, 1936-1939, 1948; Montagu Bay, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1735, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; 1AOCP 50, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcast technician (Hobart South, 1943-1949); radio engineer (Montagu Bay, 1954)
===''HILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Wyatt Hill|Hill, Alfred Wyatt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Y-5VM] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Arthur Stanley Hill|Hill, Arthur Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-FRC] - 1906(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6AH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1985, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Husband of 6MH Mary Lilian Hill nee - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Wiluna, WA, 1931); engineer (Wiluna, WA, 1936-1949); business manager (Wiluna, WA, 1954-1963); retired (West Busselton, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/Frederick John Hill|Hill, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-1J5] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TY Kurri Kurri (1929-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 500, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: colliery employee (Pelaw Main, 1930; Stanford Merthyr, 1934; Kurri Kurri, 1936-1937); winding driver (Kurri Kurri, 1968)
* [[/Mary Lilian XXXX|Hill nee , Mary Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-JZY] - 1906(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6MH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6MH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1976, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 6AH Arthur Stanley Hill - Electoral Rolls:

===''HILLHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Reid Hillhouse|Hillhouse, James or James Reid]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-YZJ] - 1907(Sct)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4ZO Collinsville (1933-1939, 1947-1975); 4ZO Bowen (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1115, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coal miner (Collinsville, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Gladstone, Qld, 1977)

===''HILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Hilton|Hilton, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPR-P1K] - 1876(???)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XEQ Sydney (St Leonards, 1913-1914); 2BA Receive Sydney (Crows Nest, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Newtown, 1903); postmaster (Stockton, 1930-1932; Kurri Kurri, 1934-1936); retired (Long Jetty, 1943-1949)

===''HINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Hine|Hine, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBY-3SZ] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2QL Sydney (Campsie, 1935-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Homebush, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1434, 1935, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Campsie, 1930-1931; Temora, 1932-1935); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1936-1937; Concord, 1943); radio officer (Homebush, 1954-1958; Strathfield West, 1968; Homebush, 1977-1980)

===''HIPWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Anson Le Hunt Hipwell|Hipwell, Ronald Anson Le Hunt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HJ-SMM] - 1902(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Swan Hill (1929-1933); 2ACD Broken Hill (1937-1939); 3ACD Melbourne (Dromana, 1955-1956); 5AJ Port Augusta (1960-1965); 3AEI Melbourne (Dromana, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 486, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 140, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1925); electrical engineer (Swan Hill, 1931); radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1935-1943); radio electrical fitter (Dromana, 1949-1954); retired (Dromana, 1972)

===''HIRSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jacob Alexander Hirsch|Hirsch or Deerson, Jacob or Jakob Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWZX-RZ3] - 1896(Aus)-1979(Aus) - Licences: 2AE Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Oatley, 1930-1937); clerk (Canberra, 1949); no occupation (Pambula Beach, 1954-1972; Merimbula, 1977)
===''HITCHCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leith Fuller Hitchcock|Hitchcock, Leith Fuller]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWC-Y61] - 1897(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4LH Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1931-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bacteriologist (Wooloowin, 1921-1936); research officer (Wooloowin, 1943-1949)

===''HOAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. M. Hoad|Hoad, C. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 319, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - Individual not yet identified
===''HOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Cecil Hoar|Hoar, John Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVKW-HND] - 1900(Eng)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6OR Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1939; Mosman Park, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 786, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Barracks, Fremantle, WA, 1925-1931; East Fremantle, WA, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, WA, 1949-1963)

===''HOARE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Hoare|Hoare, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99K-6N4] - 1895(NSW)-1975(NSW) - 2PH Gosford (1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 82, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, railway signalman
* [[/Pierce Mark Hoare|Hoare, Pierce Mark]] - 1895(NSW)-1988(NSW) - 2SL Lismore (1934-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1227, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Richmond River Listeners' League)

===''HOBART-DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Hobart-Duff, William Vere see Duff, William Vere Hobart]]
===''HOBCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hurtle Horace Hobcroft|Hobcroft, Hurtle Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-G5T] - 1899(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5RE Adelaide (West Brunswick, 1928); 5RE Renmark (1931-1939, 1946-1956); 5RE Adelaide (Linden Park, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 420, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Relationships: Father of Rex Kelvin Hobcroft - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlton North, 1925-1926; Brunswick West, 1928); horticulturalist (Renmark, 1939-1943)

===''HOBLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Forde Hobler|Hobler, Cecil Forde]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Barcaldine, 1928) - Relationships: cousin of 4DO Harold Learmonth Hobler?
* [[/Harold Learmonth Hobler|Hobler, Harold Learmonth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKZ-8N1] - 1906(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 1217 Rockhampton (1921-1924); 4DO Receive Rockhampton (1923); 4DO Rockhampton (1925-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 110, 1925, No. 12 in Qld; CPRT 1003, 1928 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, JOTA); business proprietor (picture theatre), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1930-1937); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1943); soldier (Bulimba, 1943); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1949); theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1958-1963); property owner (Rockhampton North, 1968-1977) - Relationships: cousin of Cecil Forde Hobler?

===''HODDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Hodder|Hodder, Clarence William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLK-ZRC] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5LY Adelaide (Parkside, 1934-1939, 1947; Bridgewater, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1354, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HODDINOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Hoddinott|Hoddinott, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4Q-3X7] - 1886(Vic)-1972(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Eagle Junction, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockville Estate, Toowoomba, Qld, 1908; Toowoomba, Qld, 1912; Sandgate, Qld, 1919; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1921-1943; West End, 1949); retired (Tamborine Mountain, Qld, 1958-1963; Hendra, Qld, 1968)

===''HODGKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Charles Hodgkinson|Hodgkinson, Francis Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBM-J4S] - 1906(???)-1977(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: jeweller's assistant (Ulverstone, 1928-1949); watchmaker (Ulverstone, 1954)

===''HODSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Hodson|Hodson, Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-DV2] - 1890(SA)-1917(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 145, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hoe|Hoe, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS4Q-CSG] - 1886(Vic)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer; business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Father of 4FO Fred Hoe - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fortitude Valley, Qld, 1913; Yeronga, Qld, 1916-1919); manager (Yeronga, Qld, 1921-1972)
* [[/Fred Hoe|Hoe, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G796-MWK] - 1913(Vic)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4FO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1933-1939; Annerley, 1946-1954) -  Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 53, 1931; AOCP 1188, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Edgar V. Hudson); business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Son of Frederick Hoe - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Yeronga, Qld, 1936-1937); general manager (Annerley, Qld, 1949); business manager (Salisbury, Qld, 1954); manager (Buranda, Qld, 1954-1963; Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968); company director (Holland Park West, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''HOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hogg|Hogg, Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TCR] - 1908(Eng)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6SG Harvey (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1382, 1934, WA; BOCP 142, 1938; 2COCP 240, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: milk tester (Harvey, WA, 1930-1937); radio operator (AAMS Wireless Station, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949); aircraft engineer (Kewdale, WA, 1954-1968; Belmont, WA, 1972); retired (Coodanup, WA, 1977; Mandurah, WA, 1980)

===''HOLLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Evan Holland|Holland, Albert John Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-VBH] - 1896(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 12, 1924, No. 3 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 3JH Frank Henry James Holland - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925; Essendon, 1926); engineer (Essendon, 1928-1931; Camberwell, 1936-1954); nil (Nunawading, 1963)
* [[/Frank Henry James Holland|Holland, Frank Henry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-S1W] - 1899(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 596, 1920 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well placed in Trans-Pacific Tests 1923 despite inferior equipment - Relationships: brother of 3JH Albert John Evan Holland - Electoral Rolls: wireless instructor (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925); boot repairer (Essendon, 1926-1928); labourer (North Essendon, 1931); boot repairer (Olinda, 1934-1943); postal clerk (Sandringham, 1949); clerk (Heidelberg, 1954-1968)
* [[/Ronald Weymouth Holland|Holland, Ronald Weymouth &quot;Ron&quot;]] - 1914(???)-1983(Qld) - 4AQ Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 2392, 1939, No. ?? in Qld)
===''HOLLOWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hart Holloway|Holloway, William Hart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-HRT] - 1876(Eng)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 20, 1914; 1COCP 41, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Brunswick, Vic, 1909; Whitemark, Flinders Island, 1914-1919); wireless operator (Broome, 1918-1922); O.J.C. Radio (Camberwell, 1924-1926); radio officer (Thursday Island, 1928); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Emita, Flinders Island, 1936-1937); farmer (Lady Barron, 1943-1949)

===''HOLST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Owen Holst|Holst, Arnold Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-ZPD] - 1898(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: XPH Melbourne (Caulfield, 1913-1914); 3OH Melbourne (Toorak, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY); electrician - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: sharebroker (Camberwell, 1922-1934; Toorak, 1935-1972)
* [[/Hector James Holst|Holst, Hector James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-X23] - 1903(Vic)-1954(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1954) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1925-1954)
* [[/Otto Holst|Holst, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-2M7] - 1906(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1955-1967) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 79, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY) - took over 3BY callsign after passing of brother Hector James Holst in 1954 - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Caulfield, 1928-1963)
===''HOLT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Molineux Holt|Holt, Bernard Molineux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQR-MJP] - 1883(NZ)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - president WIA WA; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA WA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1910-1914; Osborne, 1917-1954)

===''HOMBERG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. G. Homberg|Homberg, S. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3RG Melbourne (Malvern, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morten Honnor|Honnor, John Morten]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNV-ZM6] - 1900(SA)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 5AE Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 192, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1941); RAAF (Ballarat, Vic, 1942); instructor (Hampton, 1949; Bentleigh, 1954-1980)

===''HOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Hamilton Hood|Hood, John George Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G772-RK8] - 1904(NSW)-1971(Vic) - 3BP Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922); 3BP Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1933; Toorak, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 182, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (East St Kilda, 1925-1931); draughtsman (Toorak, 1934-1937; Malvern, 1943-1967)

===''HOOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel George Alfred Hooke|Hooke, Lionel George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NK-KDV] - 1895(Vic)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 3M? Melbourne - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 529, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator (Aurora, 1914, support Shackleton's expedition), radio clubs (IRE Aust), business (AWA, senior management), honours (knighted, 1937) - Electoral Rolls: wireless (Brighton, Vic, 1921-1927); business manager (Neutral Bay, 1933); manager (Killara, NSW, 1936-1972) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hooke-sir-lionel-george-alfred-10536 ADB]

===''HOOKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Theodore Hooker|Hooker, Walter Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1W-QB5] - 1901(St Kitts)-1949(Tas) - Licences: 7JH Hobart (New Town, 1933-1939); 7JH Waddamanna (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1161, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart North, 1922); electrical engineer (New Town, 1928); electrician (New Town, 1936); engineer (Waddamanna, 1937-1943)

===''HOOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Wallbank Hooper|Hooper, Allan Wallbank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8M-VJG] - 1898(SA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 432, 1919; 2COCP 8, 1929; 1COCP 127, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: unemployed (Manly, NSW, 1949); telegraphist (Little Bay, NSW, 1949; Yarra Bay, NSW, 1954-1958)

===''HOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyndsay Arthur Hope|Hope, Lyndsay Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYX-575] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Tas) - Licences: 7LA Launceston (1925-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 188, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; WW2; gave up experimental callsign for use by his Class B licence, 7LA Launceston - Relationships: brother of 7RS Ronald Springfield Hope - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Launceston, 1928); bank officer (Ulverstone, 1936); accountant (Scottsdale, 1949; Bridport, 1954-1972)
* [[/Ronald Springford Hope|Hope, Ronald Springford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTCW-PDG] - 1909(Tas)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 7RS Launceston (1926-1927); 7RS Hobart (City, 1931; Sandy Bay, 1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 263, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 75, 1932; ROCP N1832, 1976 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (designed &amp; constructed transmission systems for 7HO Hobart &amp; 7UV Ulverstone); later employed by STC England - Relationships: brother of 7LA Lyndsay Arthur Hope - Electoral Rolls: broadcast engineer (Queensborough, Tas, 1936); not specified (Finchley, Eng, 1936-1938); engineer (Thornleigh, NSW, 1949-1954); company director (Beecroft, NSW, 1958-1980)
===''HOPKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alfred Hopkins|Hopkins, Edward Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM4D-3QJ] - 1902(Tas)-1992(NSW) - Licences: Receive Moonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 4858, 1964 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Moonah, 1928); engineer (Milson's Point, 1936-1943); electrical engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1949-1954); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1958-1980)

===''HORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin John Horan|Horan, Kevin John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-FTZ] - 1912(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5DQ Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1931; Unley, 1933); 2AJU Broken Hill (1938-1939); 5DQ Adelaide (Flinders Park, 1947-1960; Grange, 1965-1969); 3ZD Melbourne (Glen Waverley, 1975); 5IT Adelaide (Fulham, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 672, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clovelly, NSW, 1943); manager (Glen Waverley, 1972-1977)

===''HORN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Horn|Horn, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS41-9K4] - 1909(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Tara (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2021, 1937, Qld; BOCP 578, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Somerset Dam, Qld, 1936-1937; Baralba, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); medical practitioner (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Irvan James Horn|Horn, Irvan James or James Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-GB6] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6JH Perth (City, 1928, 1937-1939); 3HX Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 427, 1928, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 29, 1935; 1COCP, 127, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Perth, WA, 1936-1937); wireless officer (Subiaco, WA, 1943); electrical contractor (Subiaco, WA, 1949); contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1949); electrical contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1963); retired (West Perth, WA, 1977; Subiaco, WA, 1980)
===''HORROCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Samuel Blake Horrocks|Horrocks, George Samuel Blake]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF94-19M] - 1911(WA)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 6GS Harvey (1932-1939, 1947-1948); 6GS Wagin (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 919, 1932, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1154, 1950; TVOCP 61, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Harvey, WA, 1936-1949); radio technician (Mt Lawley, WA, 1954); technician (Bentleigh North, Vic, 1963)

===''HOSKEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Dryden Hosken|Hosken, Arthur John Dryden]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6KH-BX8] - 1889(Eng)-1966(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 727, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Williamstown, 1914-1919); Amalgamated Wireless (Darwin, 1922)
* [[/Stanley Victor Hosken|Hosken, Stanley Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HWQ-MGG] - 1894(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3MP Receive Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3MP Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923-1924; Surrey Hills, 1925-1933; Broadmeadows, 1934-1939; St Albans, 1946-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1965; Mitcham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 6, 1924, No. 2 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (3AR, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hawthorn, 1919-1924); electrical engineer (Surrey Hills, Vic, 1925-1931); senior mechanic PMGD (3AR station, Broadmeadows, 1936-1937); civil servant (3AR Station, St Albans, 1942-1954); nil (Hawthorn, 1963-1967; Mitcham, 1968)
===''HOSKING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Piere Hosking|Hosking, Aubrey Piere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYV-D7R] - 1891(South Africa)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 376, 1918; 1COCP 117, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Townsville, 1919); telegraphist (South Yarra, Vic, 1921-1922); radio telegraphist (Canterbury, Vic, 1924); sales manager (Canterbury, Vic, 1925-1926; Balwyn, Vic, 1928; Lindfield, NSW, 1930-1963)
===''HOSKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stark Hoskins|Hoskins, John Stark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61K-FZ3] - 1891(NZ)-1987(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 147, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Claremont, WA, 1929)

===''HOWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Earl Stephen Howard|Howard, Earl Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMV-XQL] - 1895(Tas)-1938(Vic) - Licences: 7ET Hobart (Moonah, 1928-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 470, 1928, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922; Moonah, 1928-1936)
===''HOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Maxwell Howden|Howden, John Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH2L-7LN] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: 3ZCH Melbourne (Burwood, 1956; Box Hill 1960-1975); 3BQX Melbourne (Box Hill, 1980+) -  Qualifications: AOLCP 187, 1956; AOCP V610, 1979 - amateur operator - Relationships: son of 3BQ Walter Francis Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Walter Francis Maxwell Howden|Howden, Walter Francis Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G43K-1TC] - 1899(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: No 19 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1920); V140 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1921); 3BQ Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3BQ Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1927; Canterbury, 1928-1939 &amp; 1946-1975+); 3ABQ Melbourne (portable, &quot;Canterbury&quot;, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 114, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, first to QSO USA; first to QSO England, first on telegraphy, then telephony; journalist (Listener In); Bright Star Crystals 1930s-1950s; QSLs: substantial portion of QSL collection survives at NFSA (1800+) - Relationships: father of 3ZCH/3BQX John Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls: student (Box Hill, 1924-1927); wireless engineer (Ringwood, 1928); engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1954) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199611.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199612.pdf EA2]
===''HOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph Howe|Howe, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD83-QNG] - 1886(Irl)-1949(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 117, 1915; 1COCP 15, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Pinkenba, Qld, 1919; Moonah, Tas, 1922; New Town, Tas, 1928-1943)
* [[/Raymond Raine Howe|Howe, Raymond Raine &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHH-KJN] - 1919(Qld)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 4RH Bundaberg (1936-1939); 2ARH Sydney (Vaucluse, 1946-1955; Epping, 1956-1960); 3YH Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1812, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; 3AIR 1009, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); military (RAAF, career, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: Wireless Operator (Richmond, NSW, 1943); RAAF (Vaucluse, NSW, 1949); RAAF officer (Campbell, ACT, 1963); RAAF (Syndal, Vic, 1967); RAAF officer (Dickson, ACT, 1972-1977); retired (Narrawallee, NSW, 1980)

===''HOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Montague Howlett|Howlett, Arthur Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPZ-NWZ] - 1882(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 130, 1915; 2COCP 253, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Esperance, 1916); warrant officer R.A.N.R.S. (Thursday Island, 1919); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1925-1931; Clayfield, Qld, 1936); wireless operator (Clayfield, 1943-1954); retired (Clayfield, Qld, 1958)

===''HUBSHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lassalle Paul Hubsher|Hubscher or Hubsher, Lassalle Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWF-8DP] - 1913(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4UL Brisbane (Bulimba, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1578, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; Evans Deakin engineering - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); draftsman (Annerley, 1943-1968)

===''HUDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Hudson|Hudson, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4BR-1P4] - 1895(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XBO Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1913-1914); 2PO Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923); 2AR Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1922-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 18, 1924, No. 8 in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1963) - Comment: beware, several contemporaneous WHHs

===''HUEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Meredyth Huey|Huey, Richard Meredyth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WP-Y1Z] - 1913(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2HU Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1931; Cronulla, 1933-1937); 3UE Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1938-1939); 2AHU Sydney (Sylvania, 1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 437, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Cronulla, 1935-1937); army officer (Melbourne, 1943); engineer (West Pennant Hills, 1949; Pennant Hills, 1954; Edgecliff, 1958-1963; Sylvania, 1977-1980); retired (Mittagong, 1980)

===''HUGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Roy Huggins|Huggins, David Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDW3-LXL] - 1892(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: organ builder (Petersham, 1913); piano maker (Neutral Bay, 1930-1968); builder (Cremorne, 1972)
===''HUGHES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Alan Hughes|Hughes, Clive Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MV-3XQ] - 1900(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3CA Ararat (1927); 3CA Melbourne (Williamstown, 1931-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 343, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Williamstown, 1924-1928); schoolmaster (Williamstown, 1936-1963)
* [[/George Herbert Hughes|Hughes, George Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-4JB] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4HU Brisbane (Windsor, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1929, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: store keeper (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1937); branch manager (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); technician (Tarragindi, Qld, 1963-1980)
===''HUGO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald William Stuart Hugo|Hugo, Ronald William Stuart or Stewart (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-CLZ] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KW Perth (Subiaco, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Floreat Park, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2081, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Subiaco, WA, 1931-1934); salesman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1963); manager (Floreat Park, WA, 1968-1977)

===''HULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Galbraith Hull|Hull, Allan Galbraith &quot;Braith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-PTY] - 1905(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - journalist (Wireless Weekly, editor; Radio and Hobbies, editor 1939; Australasian Radio World, editor 1940-1950) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; 3JU Ross Amos Hull - Electoral Rolls: sales (St Kilda, Vic, 1926-1927); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1931); journalist (Northbridge, NSW, 1934; Bondi, NSW, 1935-1936); engineer (Rose Bay, 1937); manager (Malvern, 1942); journalist (Mornington, 1949); publisher (Sandringham, 1954); printer (Oakleigh, 1958-1963; Chadstone, 1967-1968; Glen Iris, 1972; Mt Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frederick Atherley Hull|Hull, Frederick Atherley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5M-MT9] - 1906(NZL)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6FH Pingrup (1930-1931); 6FH Port Hedland (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 6FH Perth (Claremont, 1960-1975; Nedlands, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CRPT 1139, 1929; 2COCP 271, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Perth, 1929); radio operator (Port Hedland, 1937-1954); unemployed (Claremont, 1958); technical officer (Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 6RH Raymond Alfred Hull
* [[/George Maxwell Hull|Hull, George Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LQ-S44] - 1916(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3ZS Melbourne (Canterbury, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2307, 1939, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Canterbury, 1943); proprietor (Canterbury, 1949-1980)
* [[/Raymond Alfred Hull|Hull, Raymond Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP1-BSL] - 1908(NZ)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6RH Pingrup (1929-1931); 6RH Perth (Wembley, 1937; Mt Hawthorn, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 558, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 590, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, 1934); traveller (Subiaco, 1949); sales director (Victoria Park, 1958-1963) - Relationships: brother of 6FH Frederick Atherley Hull
* [[/Ross Amos Hull|Hull, Ross Amos]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-P5W] - 1902(Vic)-1938(USA) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic Kew, president, 1923); journalist (Wireless Weekly, technical editor; QST, technical editor) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198902.pdf EA]
* [[/William Howard Hull|Hull, William Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7WJ-723] - 1891(Tas)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Relationships: brother of 3JU Ross Amos Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Cobungra, 1914-1915); engineer (Armadale, 1921; Brighton, 1922-1931; Caulfield, 1934-1949); retired (Beaconsfield Upper, 1954)

===''HUME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest James Hume|Hume, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYR-TZM] - 1869(Vic)-1929(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; son of James Hill Hume, father of Ernest Jeremy Hume
* [[/Ernest Jeremy Hume|Hume, Ernest Jeremy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-727] - 1906(SA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - chief engineer 5DN - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Unley, 1939-1941; Oakleigh, Vic, 1949-1963; Carnegie, 1968-1977) - Relationships: grandson of James Hill Hume, son of Ernest James Hume and Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy
* [[/Geoffrey Vincent Hume|Hume, Geoffrey Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQCL-NM1] - 1909(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2GV Sydney (Cremorne, 1927-1930); 2AMD Sydney (Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 365, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Neutral Bay, 1930-1936; Mosman, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942); clerk (Turramurra, 1949); technical assistant (Pymble, 1954-1980)
* [[/James Hill Hume|Hume, James Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-SLD] - 1822(??)-1887(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - alleged very early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: father of Ernest James Hume; father-in-law of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; grandfather of Ernest Jeremy Hume 
* [[/Stella Leonora Harriet Jeremy|Hume nee Jeremy, Stella Leonora Harriet]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-33D] - 1882(Vic)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil -  radio announcer (early 5DN) - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Ernest James Hume; daughter-in-law of James Hill Hume; mother of Ernest Jeremy Hume
===''HUMPHRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] - See Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood 4JH
* [[/Jack Lawrence Humphry|Humphry, Jack Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7M] - 1889(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JK Poopoonbah via Giru (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1349, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Husband of 4JH Innis Jane Lovett Humphry nee Spotswood - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Hodel, Ayr, Qld, 1912-1937; Poopoonbah, 1949-1954)
===''HUNT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Alexander Hunt|Hunt, Joseph Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-9MM] - 1912(WA)-2002(WA) - Licences: 6JA Perth (Maylands, 1938-1939); 6JD Perth (Rockingham, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2112, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, WA, 1936; Maylands, WA, 1937-1949); retired (Rockingham, WA, 1972)

===''HUPPATZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Huppatz|Huppatz, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWTP-DF5] - 1900(Vic)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5GW Cowandilla (1931-1933); 5GW Naracoorte (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 801, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Naracoorte, SA, 1939); engineer (Cowandilla, 1941-1943)

===''HURLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Hurll|Hurll, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXC-BFF] - 1904(NSW)-2003(Qld, 98yo) - Licences: 2BC Sydney (Killara, 1924-1930); 4NJ Tallebudgera Creek (1931-1935); 2HJ Sydney (Killara, 1935-1937; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2IN?/2DKH Sydney (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 96, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, CMF, CINT), business proprietor (Gas Light Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Killara, 1930); merchant (Killara, 1936-1937); soldier (Strathfield, 1943); company manager (Burwood, 1949-1963); Managing Director (Killara, 1968); Director (Killara, 1972-1980)

===''HURRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Bruce Hurry|Hurry, Ronald Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-G1C] - 1911(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 693, 1930, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster?, electrical engineer, teacher - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HUSBAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Errol Husband|Husband, Norman Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6F7-N7B] - 1893(Qld)-1961(NSW) - Licences: XABY Sydney (North Sydney, 1913-1914); 4CV Receive Charters Towers (1923); 4CV Charters Towers (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Charters Towers, 1917-1922; Mackay, 1925-1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1949-1958)

===''HUTCHINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings|Hutchings, Allan Thomas Edwards]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-2TM] - 1903(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HL Receive Callawadda (1922-1923); 3HL Callawadda (1924-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of 3HM Elizabeth Lilian Hutchings nee Edwards; brother of 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Callawadda, 1927-1972)
* [[/Elizabeth Lilian Edwards| Hutchings nee Edwards, Elizabeth Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-25T] - 1877(Vic)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 3HM Callawadda (1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 509, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1926-1942) - Relationships: mother of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings and 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - First woman in Australia to hold an amateur licence under the AOCP regime - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1925-1942) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Marjorie Lilian Hutchings|Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB52-GSC] - 1912(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Callawadda (1932-1939; 1946-1948); 3HQ Melbourne (Bentleigh, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1030, 1932, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: daughter of 3HM Elizabeth Lillian Hutchings nee Edwards; sister of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Callawadda, 1934-1937); nurse (Alfred Hospital, Prahran, 1943); home duties (Callawadda, 1949; Bentleigh, 1949-1968) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''HUTCHINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Elwood Hutchinson|Hutchinson, Charles Elwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-S6J] - 1894(Vic)-1942(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 728, 1922; 2COCP 278, 1930; 1COCP 307, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Esperance, 1919); radio telegraphist (Darwin, NT, 1922); telegraphist (Esperance, 1925-1931); radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1936-1937; Alberton, SA, 1939; Yatala, SA, 1941)
* [[/John Victor Thomas Hutchison|Hutchison, John Victor Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89S-PY2] - 1907(NZ)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2JH Sydney (Kirribilli, 1927-1937; West Ryde, 1938-1939; Croydon, 1946-1955; Bardwell Park, 1956-1965; Castle Cove, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 374, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1010, 1928 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Milson's Point, 1930-1937); laboratory assistant (Croydon, 1943-1949); radio technician (Bardwell Park, 1958-1968)
===''HUTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Hutson|Hutson, James William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-Z6J] - 1912(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Echuca (1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 635, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon
===''HUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Hutton|Hutton, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-JXG] - 1912(Sct)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Abermain (1929-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 551, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abermain, 1934-1963; Klworth, 1972-1977); retired (Klworth, 1980)

===''HYLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Philip Hyland|Hyland, Leonard Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8N6-XLK] - 1903(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: 7LP Hobart (City, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1791, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 271, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Hobart Central, 1928) - Comment: Passed on Duty; Gone too soon - Links: [https://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/tasmania-fire-service-chief-chris-arnol-urges-everyone-to-reflect-on-the-selflessness-of-firefighters-in-the-pursuit-of-public-safety/news-story/59c6315bbf383ef9bb4e270d60cd9296 Mercury]

=='''I'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''IKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Ikin|Ikin, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWFZ-C37] - 1887(NSW)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 4SM Townsville (1925-1926); 4SM Brisbane (New Farm, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 201, 1925, No. 18 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (dealer licence); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanical engineer (Gladstone, 1913); engineer &amp; electrician (Barcaldine, 1914); manager (Strand Motors, Townsville, 1925); motor mechanic (Mt Garnet, 1937-1949; Cardwell, 1949); farmer (Mareeba, 1954-1972)

===''INGLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Stanley Inglis|Inglis, Kenneth Stanley]] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - historian (ABC); &quot;This is the ABC&quot;; &quot;Whose ABC?&quot; - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Ken Inglis|Wikipedia]] [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1031461X.2018.1493961 Obit]

===''IRELAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Keith Ireland|Ireland, Leslie Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRMD-BPV] - 1908(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5KR Mt Gambier (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 950, 1927; AOLCP 60, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633509 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1721431 AWM]; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ireland-leslie-keith-47849/ AHM]

===''IRESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melville Charles Gladstone Ireson|Ireson, Melville Charles Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZT-ML6] - 1898(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3ZY Kyneton (1931-1933); 3AIR Kyneton (1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 305, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Maldon, 1919); telegraphist (Ballarat, 1925); postal employee (Kyneton, 1931-1954)

===''IRVINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Irvine|Irvine, William]] - 1907(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4IR Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1987, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WIs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''IRVING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Lawson Irving|Irving, Cyril Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-65R] - 1912(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4WL Brisbane (Annerley, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1199, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1980)

===''ISLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Clifford Isles|Isles, James William Clifford &quot;Clifford&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBVH-RV1] - 1894(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CC Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1922); 4CC Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (QWI); business proprietor (Isles Love &amp; Co, Allan &amp; Stark); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1915-1937); manager (Hamilton, 1943-1958); director (Hamilton, 1963)
===''ISRAEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Samuel Israel|Israel, Morris Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-CBC] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XMU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913); 3ZN Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924; Malvern, 1925-1926; Burwood, 1927); 3ZN Geelong, 1931-1933; 3ZN Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 13, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 35, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcasting executive; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (St Kilda, 1919-1924); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1926-1928); broadcasting engineer (Geelong, 1931); engineer (Geelong North, 1936; Camberwell, 1937-1963);

===''IVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Albert Ives|Ives, Cecil Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-848] - 1916(SA)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 5AF Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1451, 1935, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: commercial artist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ives-cecil-albert-300407/]

=='''J'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''JACKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil Jackson|Jackson, Alfred Cecil &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDLP-F65] - 1900(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4AJ Brisbane (Fairfield, 1931); 2BO Bangalow (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 620, 1921; 1COCP 67, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG, Brisbane Cmcls); state public servant (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Fairfield, Qld, 1928-1931); farmer (Possum Creek, NSW, 1934-1937); mechanic (Fairfield, Qld, 1943-1954); farmer (O'Possum Creek via Bangalow, NSW, 1958-1963)
* [[/Alfred George Jackson|Jackson, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY5P-2X1] - 1864(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: 4DG Receive Brisbane (Wynnum, Qld, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; radio clubs (WIQ, QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer - Relationships: father of Arthur Appleton Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1903-1913); electrician (Wynnum, Qld, 1914-1934)
* [[/Arthur Appleton Jackson|Jackson, Arthur Appleton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY55-M8F] - 1891(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer; business proprietor; Relationships: son of Alfred George Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Wynnum, Qld, 1913-1914; Morningside, Qld, 1915-1919; Wynnum, Qld, 1919; South Brisbane, Qld, 1921-1968); retired (Hill End, Qld, 1972; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1977; Hopetoun Home, Oxley, Qld, 1980)
* [[/James William Jackson|Jackson, James William &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7FH-JCW] - 1916(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4CN Brisbane (Cribb Island, 1938-1939; 1946-1969; Lawnton, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2096, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); military (WW2,Northern Command Signals); farmer/electrician/radio &amp; TV serviceman - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cribb Island, Qld, 1937-1968); rubber worker (Lawnton, Qld 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Jackson|Jackson, Thomas William]] - 1830(Eng)-1918(Vic) - Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria ca 1880, clubs &amp; societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, ca 1880)

===''JAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Russell James|James, Brian Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLV-GXV] - 1920(SA)-1944(Europe) - Licences: 5BL Adelaide (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2293, 1939, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 76 Squadron RAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://highgate-rsl.org.au/afcraaf-roll/james-brian-russell-417490/]
* [[/Hector Keith James|James, Hector Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-WVL] - 1905(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2XA Receive Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923); 2XA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Ashfield, 1934; Double Bay, 1935-1936; Coogee, 1937-1938; Woollahra, 1939; Summer Hill, 1948-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 183, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Summer Hill, 1930-1933), engineer (Edgecliff, 1936; Ashfield, 1949; Summer Hill, 1943-1963)
* [[/Herbert Ronald James|James, Herbert Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-1SM] - 1904(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Birchip (1931-1933); 3LH Drouin (1938-1939); 7LH Western Junction (1947); 7LH Launceston (1948); 3AJJ Melbourne (Deepdene, 1954); 3AJJ Lubeck (1955-1956); 3AJJ Braeside (1960); 3AJJ Rupanyup (1965-1969); 3AJJ Nowa Nowa (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 813, 1931, Vic; BOCP 17, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Merbein, 1925); fitter &amp; turner (Merbein, 1928-1931); radio engineer (Merbein, 1936); technician (Western Junction, Tas, 1949); radio engineer (Deepdene, 1954); technician (Rupanyup, 1963-1968); retired (Nowa Nowa, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. James|James, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZE via Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Thomas Reynolds James|James, Thomas Reynolds]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, worked on original Melbourne-Williamstown telegraph line 1854, later in charge of Melbourne Telegraph Office, but transferred to inspectorial work in 1879 due to disorganisation, reinstated in 1880)
===''JAMIESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Jamieson|Jamieson, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4SY-YNQ] - 1896(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: XJW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 3CJ Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1926); 3XX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 130, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1921-1925); mechanic (Malvern, 1926-1968)
* [[/John Edward Jamieson|Jamieson, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-M43] - 1910(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6LA Perth (Beaconsfield, 1930-1933); 6LA Kalgoorlie (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 673, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1936-1937); salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1943); radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954)

===''JANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Harold Jansen|Jansen, Claud or Claude Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-9TN] - 1890(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: V751 Receive Yarrawonga (1922); 3GW Receive Yarrawonga (1922)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: printer (Yarrawonga, 1913-1922); linotype engineer (Yarrawonga, 1924-1931); printer (Shepparton, 1934-1937); linotype operator (Albury, 1937-1949); engineer (Albury, 1954-1968)

===''JARDINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Jardine|Jardine, William Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZC-T63] - 1911(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3PR Melbourne (Essendon, 1929-1933); 3PR Leongatha (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 533, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 108, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Craigieburn, 1934); dairy farmer (Leongatha, 1937-1954); salesman (Leongatha, 1963-1980)
===''JARMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Arthur Jarman|Jarman, Oswald Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-K6Y] - 1894(SA)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 162, 1915; 1COCP 37, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1921-1922); telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1928); supervisor (Bentley, Vic, 1931-1954)
===''JARVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jack Edwin Jarvis|Jarvis, Vincent Jack Edwin &quot;Victor&quot;, &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2K-6FP] - 1912(WA)-1941(Libya) - licences: 2VJ Orange (1930-1933), 2VJ Dubbo (1934), 2VJ Wellington (1935-1936), 2VJ Bathurst (1937), 2VJ Griffith (1938-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 695, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 46, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (2VJ Wellington), broadcast engineer (2BS, 2RG), WW2 (RAAF, Rathmines Flying Boats Base, Palestine, Egypt, Libya) - electoral rolls: radio mechanic (Wellington, 1936), radio engineer (Bathurst, 1937), wireless operator (Rathmines, 1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633817]

===''JEFFRYES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Harry Jeffryes|Jeffryes, Sydney Harry]] - 1884(Qld)-19??(???) - X?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), ship's wireless operator, member of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-1914
===''JEFFS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jeffs|Jeffs, Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-4M8] - 1912?(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4VJ Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1933; City, 1934-1939, 1946; Gordon Park, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 753, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio cub (WIAQ, life member, lecturer, code instructor, field days, JOTA, conventions, operator 4WI); business proprietor (Jeffs Radio) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1934; New Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1937); radio manufacturer (New Farm, Qld, 1943); salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1949); businessman (Gordon Park, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''JENNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Jenner|Jenner, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Y9-64Z] - 1877(Eng)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 7BM Receive Premaydena (1923); Receive Premaydena (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 2ABM John Ingoldsby Jenner - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Lindisfarne, 1914); orchardist (Koonya, 1919-1928); Xray technician (Double Bay, NSW, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935)
* [[/John Ingoldsby Jenner|Jenner, John Ingoldsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKY4-7S2] - 1904(Eng)-1980(???) - Licences: 2ABM Sydney (Maroubra, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1194, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 7BM John Henry Jenner - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Haberfield, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935); telephone engineer (Maroubra, 1937); engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1954; Revesby, 1968); retired (Turramurra, 1972); engineer (Revesby, 1980)
===''JENNISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Jennison|Jennison, Joseph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS7-316] - 1899(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 2JJ Mathoura (1928-1939); 2MX Mathoura (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 414, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Mathoura, 1930-1949; Echuca, 1954; Deniliquin, 1958); nil (Echuca, 1963) (Licences in the name of his father John William Jennison but most likely son was operator, father passed in 1942)
===''JENSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jens August Jensen|Jensen, Jens August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQM-1MX] - 1865(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Minister for Navy (1915-1917) - Comment: famously dismissed for corruption in respect of purchase of Shaw Wireless Works in 1916 - Electoral Rolls: licensed victualler (Beauty Point, Tas, 1914-1919); orchardist (Beauty Point, Tas, 1919-1922); no occupation (Elsternwick, Vic, 1936) - Links: [[w:Jens_Jensen_(politician)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/jensen-jens-august-6840 ADB]
* [[/Laurence Richard Hopkins Jensen|Jensen, Laurence or Lawrence Richard Hopkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-MJ1] - 1906(Tas)-1974(Tas) - Licences: 7BL Receive West Devonport (1923); Receive West Devonport (1923-1924); 7LJ Launceston (1925-1939, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 78, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 215, 1939; 1AOCP 9, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (New Town, 1928); teacher (New Town, 1936-1972)

===''JENVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, Henry Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QJ-7TS] - 1851(Eng)-1932(Vic) - Licences: AA Melbourne 1900; X?? Melbourne - early wireless experimenter, arguably his use of the identifier AA was the first use of an Australian callsign; arguably Australia's first amateur operator as the majority of his experiments were self-funded and in his own time - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - employment (Vic P &amp; T; PMGD) - Relationships: father of 3WW William Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Brighton, 1909); public servant (Caulfield East, 1919-1931)
* [[/William Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, William Walter &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QV-9GL] - 1904(Vic)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 3AY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927; Ormond, 1931-1938); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1939); 3AY Melbourne (Ormond, 1947); 2ZO Sydney (Willoughby, 1948-1969); 2ZO Noosa Heads (1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 824, 1924; 1COCP 68, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of Henry Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1926-1927); operator (Bentleigh, Vic, 1931-1937); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943; Willoughby, NSW, 1949-1968); engineer (Willoughby, NSW, 1972); nil (Nelligen, NSW, 1977; Noosa Heads, Qld, 1980)

===''JERRARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Joseph Jerrard|Jerrard, Frederick Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB43-BKT] - 1899(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4DR Receive Gayndah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Gayndah, 1921-1930); motor mechanic (Gayndah, 1936-1937); engineer (Indooroopilly, 1943-1963)

===''JESSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick Ferman Jessop|Jessop, Patrick Ferman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QN-8HV] - 19??(Eng?)-19??(Qld?) - Licences: 4PJ Kamma (1925-1927); 4PJ Cairns (Hambledon, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (England?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1(RFC) - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Edmonton, 1922-1930); weigh bridge clerk (Hambledon, 1936-1943)
===''JEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Jewell|Jewell, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYD-YH1] - 1905(WA)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6CA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1927); 6JJ Kalgoorlie (1930-1931); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 876, 1925; 1COCP 129, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Victoria Park, WA, 1931-1937); radio inspector (Victoria Park, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949); inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1954-1963)

===''JOHNSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Johnson|Johnson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD7-X12] - 1921(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4PX Brisbane (Hendra, 1938-1939; Ascot, 1946-1948; Hendra, 1954-1975), 4PX Buddina Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2093, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF, Signals) - Comment: Several contemporaneous AJs - Electoral Rolls: Commonwealth public servant (Hendra, Qld, 1968) + others
* [[/Carl Francis Johnson|Johnson, Carl Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH8T-HSH] - 1899(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); 7AR Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 218, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: federal servant (West Hobart, 1922-1954)
* [[/Edward Norman Johnson|Johnson, Edward Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM4W-MLQ] - 1886(Vic)-1960(USA) - Licences: Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3ZO Warrnambool (1923-1924); 3ZO Horsham (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (East Melbourne, 1909); manager (Wonthaggi, 1914); draper (Newtown, 1917); traveller (Geelong, 1919)
* [[/H. B. Johnson|Johnson, H. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6HB Perth (Leederville, 1926); 5HB Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 252, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - common surname, individual not yet identified
* [[/Ivo Uric Johnson|Johnson, Ivo Uric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VV-H8S] - 1903(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4KL Cairns (1933-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 813, 1924; 2COCP 668, 1942; 1COCP 655, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cairns, Qld, 1936-1963) 
* [[/Joseph Murray Johnson|Johnson, Joseph Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YM-M5N] - 1889(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 113, 1915; 1COCP 200, 1931 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Geraldton, 1915-1917); radio expert (Lane Cove, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1936; Caulfield, 1937); engineer (Longueville, NSW, 1943-1949); manager (Turramurra, 1954-1963); retired (Strathfield, 1963; Port Macquarie, NSW, 1968-1977; Wauchope/Yrrs, 1980)

===''JOHNSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Brint Johnston|Johnston, Norman Brint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-K7F] - 1913(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6NJ Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1933; Subiaco, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 642, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Subiaco, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Maylands, 1943-1968; Mt Lawley, 1972-1977)
* [[/Robert Walter Johnston|Johnston, Robert Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDS-FHJ] - 1914(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4LQ Brisbane (Petrie Terrace, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1270, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1936-1937); no occupation (Ingleburn, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1963)
* [[/William David Johnston|Johnston, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-3RY] - 1909(Irl)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2YZ Sydney (Ryde, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Gladesville, 1950; Matraville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 616, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 323, 1931; 1COCP 398, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Ryde, 1930-1943); radio engineer (Gladesville, 1949; Matraville, 1954-1980)

===''JOHNSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Johnstone|Johnstone, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HJ Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JONASSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Peter Jonasson|Jonasson, Roy Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KPW-ZL1] - 1908(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4NG Alberton (1931-1933); 7NG Derwent Park (1937-1939); 3ND Castlemaine (1946-1969); 9NG, PNG; 4NE Brisbane (Kingston, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 827, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, QRP Club, RAAF Wireless Reserve, Qld Listeners' League); employment (Qld State Electricity Commission) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Castlemaine, 1942-1972); retired (Kingston, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''JONES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Ernest Jones|Jones, Alfred Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61R-CTW] - 1894(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 241, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Comment: not all electoral roll entries identified, several contemporaneous AEJs; Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1917-1922)
* [[/David William Jones|Jones, David William]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DJ Brisbane (Chelmer, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 683, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous DWJs - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Chelmer, 1925-1931); engineer (Holland Park, 1958)? 
* [[/Lancelot Cyril Jones|Jones, Lancelot Cyril &quot;Lance&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L3-2LS] - 1891(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: XVB Adelaide (Hawthorn, 1913-1914); 5BQ Adelaide (Westbourne Park, 1923-1924); 5DN Adelaide (City, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; co-founder 5DN commercial Adelaide - Electoral Rolls: manager (Broadway Estate, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Edward Jones|Jones, Raymond Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL9R-FLM] - 1900(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3RJ Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1928; Box Hill, 1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 407, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Newmarket, 1921); public servant (Ascot Vale, 1922-1924); telegraphist (Box Hill, 1931-1943); supervisor (Box Hill, 1949-1963); retired (Box Hill, 1968-1980)
* [[/Stanley William Jones|Jones, Stanley William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-BPL] - 1917(Vic)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 3SF Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1953, 1937, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Signalman, 6 Division Signals) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1687469] (beware, another Stanley William Jones died in WW2, Flight Sergeant, 626 Squadron)
* [[/Walter Henry Jones|Jones, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NB-Z8F] - 1914(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2PY Sydney (Marrickville, 1930-1933); 2RS Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1939); 2WP Sydney (Bexley, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 652, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 57, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Bexley North, 1949-1972); telegraphist (Bexley North, 1977-1980); Beware: Another contemporaneous Walter Henry Jones in Sydney b.1915 m.Edith
* [[/W. R. Jones|Jones, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EK Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JORDAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Jordan|Jordan, James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHL-VNQ] - 1903(Sct)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4JJ Ipswich (1933); 4JJ Bundaberg (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1162, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); senior military (RAAF, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: striker (West Ipswich, Qld, 1932); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1934-1937)
* [[/Robert Jordan|Jordan, Robert]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 4, 1914, No. 4 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - coastal station operator?
===''JUDD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Harvey Judd|Judd, Clarence Harvey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVF-9XS] - 1920(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5HQ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3374, 1953, Qld - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Oswald William Judd|Judd, Oswald William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVX-X56] - 1896(SA)-1934(SA) - Licences: XVF Adelaide (North Norwood, 1913); Receive Adelaide (Payneham, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

=='''K'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''KANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leslie Kane|Kane, John Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1985(Qld), 4ZZ Roma, amateur operator (AOCP 2335, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), senior state public servant (Qld Railways)
===''KAUFMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Donald Kaufman|Kaufman, Samuel Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6X-937] - 1904(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2SK Sydney (Belmore, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 448, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Belmore, 1933-1980)
===''KAUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Alexis Kauper|Kauper, Henry or Heinrich Alexis &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXZ-WYQ] - 1888(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Licences: S643 Adelaide (1921-1922); 5BG Adelaide (Dulwich, 1923-1926; Tusmore, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 97, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; inventor - Electoral Rolls: chauffer (Willaura, Vic, 1910); engineer (Richmond, Vic, 1931-1937) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kauper-henry-alexis-harry-6898 ADB]
===''KAYESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Kayess|Kayess, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYG-NHD] - 1892(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Cooktown, 1917); engineer (Hendra, Qld, 1919); engine driver (Charleville, Qld, 1921); mechanic (Mossman, 1925); motor mechanic (Watchem, Vic, 1928); auto engineer (Dulwich Hill, NSW, 1930); garage manager (New Lambton, NSW, 1930; Foveaux, NSW, 1933); engineer (Forest Lodge, NSW, 1935-1937); labourer (Darlinghurst, 1937; Glenmore, NSW, 1943); mechanical engineer trainee (Haberfield, NSW, 1949); engineer (Manly North, NSW, 1958)

===''KEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Patrick James Keane|Keane, John Patrick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V5-P25] - 1903(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JN Cessnock (1930-1936; 2JN Sydney (Bexley, 1937-1939; McMahons Point, 1946-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 698, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Darling Harbour, 1930); clerk (Cessnock, 1931-1932; Newcastle, 1934; Bexley, 1935-1937; McMahons Point, 1943-1949; North Sydney, 1958-1963)
===''KEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Keast|Keast, Leslie John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2QP-J6X] - 1886(SA)-1957(WA) - Journalist (Wireless Weekly; shortwave editor, Australasian Radio World, 1940-1951; Radio &amp; Hobbies), professional monitor (OWI/VOA, WW2), silent era cinematographer - Electoral Rolls: licensed victuallar (Royal Hotel, Bowral, 1933-1934); ex-hotelkeeper (Coogee, 1935); clerk (Randwick North, 1936-1937); sales manager (Carlingford, 1943); organising secretary (Ermington, 1949-1958)

===''KEDDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Robert Keddie|Keddie, Phillip Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-1T7] - 1921(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5KZ Adelaide (Woodville Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1882, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: AMF (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)

===''KELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Edward Kells|Kells, Alfred Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTMT-7D3] - 1900(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 2430 Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Moonee Ponds, 1921-1925); mechanic (Essendon, 1928-1954)

===''KELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Wainwright Kelly|Kelly, Alexander Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP6-G6V] - 1908(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Largs Bay (1923); Receive Largs Bay (1923); 5AW Lyndoch (1927-1939); 5XO Loxton (1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 358, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur Broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: winemaker (Berri, 1939-1943)
* [[/Ross Donaldson Kelly|Kelly, Ross Donaldson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7BG-2PR] - 1906(SA)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5LW Adelaide (Unley, 1937-1939; Hazelwood Park, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2032, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assurance agent (Dulwich, 1941-1943)

===''KELSO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham Kelso|Kelso, Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXH-9DH] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EL Receive Brisbane (Nundah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1958); technician (Brisbane, Qld, 1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''KEMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Kemble|Kemble, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8WY] - 1915(SA)-1939(WA) - Licences: 6FJ Katanning (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1673, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith's striker (Katanning, WA, 1937)

===''KEMP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Kemp|Kemp, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-PYS] - 1910(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4YA Yangan - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1466, 1935, Qld; BOCP 110, 1937; 2COCP 123, 1937; 1COCP 163, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Swanfels, Qld, 1936-1937); radio technician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Joseph Edward Kemp|Kemp, Joseph Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-NWV] - 1918(Tas)-1991(WA) - Licences: 7RZ Devonport (1937-1939); 7RZ Launceston (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1847, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Como, 1949); radio officer (Esperance, 1954-1958; Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''KEMPSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Kempster|Kempster, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVPC-NHM] - 1900(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: 5KM Darwin (1929-1931); 8KM Darwin (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 543, 1929, No. ?? in NT - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Fullarton, 1934); supervisor (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''KENNA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Francis Kenna|Kenna, Vernon Francis &quot;Vern&quot; / &quot;Marconi&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1D-4ZV] - 1908(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 4DE Receive Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1924); 4FK Brisbane (Hamilton, 1926-1939); 2JR Sydney (Middle Cove, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 301, 1926, No. 29 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (PMGD); radiocommunications engineer; senior public servant (PMG, ABC2); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1954); engineer (Balwyn, Vic, 1963; Killara, 1963; Middle Cove, 1968-1972; Willoughby, 1977-1980)
===''KENNEDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Kennedy|Kennedy, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKD-8Q7] - 1874(Vic)-1945(SA) - Licences: XYD Perth (City, 1913-1914); 6AM Perth (Mt Lawley, 1923-1927); 5AM Adelaide (City, 1928; Unley, 1931; New Parkside, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; senior federal public servant (PMG, concluding as Deputy Postmaster-General SA); WW1 - Awards: Imperial Service Order - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, 1903; Mt Lawley, 1910-1921); State Engineer (Maylands, 1925-1926); civil servant (New Parkside, 1939-1943)
* [[/M. Kennedy|Kennedy, M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EP Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Walter Donald Kennedy|Kennedy, Walter Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBRG-1WB] - 1869(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1926; Willoughby, 1927-1929); 2WK Helensburgh (1930-1933); 2WK Sydney (East Sydney, 1934); 2WK Wallerawang (1935); 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1936-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 121, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Murrumburrah, 1913; Helensburgh, 1930-1932); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); clerk in Holy Orders (Rockdale, 1936-1949)

===''KENNY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Francis Kenny|Kenny, Edmund Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MB-R3M] - 1903(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2EK Sydney (Lewisham, 1927-1928; Croydon, 1929; Ryde, 1930-1931; Granville, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2EK Wentworthville (1950-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 373, 1927, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1930); clerk (West Ryde, 1930-1933); engineer (Granville, 1935-1949); radio engineer (Wentworthville, 1954-1968); engineer (Wentworthville, 1972-1977)

===''KEOGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Keogh|Keogh, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJ4-H7G] - 19??(???)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2ZA Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923); 2ZA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923; Stanmore, 1924-1925); licensed operator 2AG Grace Bros Broadway  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Randwick North, 1943-1958)

===''KERBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Thomas John Kerby|Kerby, Edwin Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM72-SFL] - 1888(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 7EK Ringarooma (1932-1939); 3KK Melbourne (Auburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 940, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 (Major) - Awards: Military Star 1914-1915; British War Medal, Victory Medal; MBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Ballarat, 1909); restaurant keeper (Brunswick, 1914); electrical engineer (Richmond, 1914-1917); grazier (Ballarat, 1919); farmer (Linton, 1922); grazier (Fawkner, 1924-1925); engineer (St Kilda, 1943; Auburn, 1949-1968) - Links: [[w:Edwin Kerby|Wikipedia]]
===''KERMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Kermond|Kermond, Leslie John &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W7-Y88] - 1912(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Warrnambool (1928-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 417, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 182, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Warrnambool, 1936-1937); engineer (Swan Hill, 1942); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1949-1980)

===''KERNICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Edwin Kernick|Kernick, Percy Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX7S-JW1] - 1888(NSW)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6PK Perth (South Perth, 1927-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 378, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Sandstone/Mt Magnet, 1910); telegraphist (Brown Hill/Kalgoorlie, 1917; South Perth, 1925-1963)
===''KERR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dixon Kerr|Kerr, Alfred Dixon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-ZKF] - 1910(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AL Ballarat (1926-1939, 1946-1960); 3JQ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 284, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 18, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968); retired (Hawthorn, 1977)
* [[/Roy Kerr|Kerr, Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-SBX] - 1917(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4DK Winton (1937-1939); 4DK Brisbane (Tingalpa, 1946-1951) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1941, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Relationships: brother of Vernon Lester Kerr 4LK - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Vernon Lester Kerr|Kerr, Vernon Lester &quot;Vern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-MCW] - 1912(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4LK Winton (1932-1933); 4LK Cloncurry (1937-1939, 1946-1948); 4LK Charters Towers (1954-1969); 4LK Charleville (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 800, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; COCP 1941, amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, Soc Wireless Pioneers USA); employment (RFDS, technical officer / controller / announcer) - Relationships: brother of Roy Kerr 4DK - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Charters Towers, Qld, 1954-1977); technician (Charleville, Qld, 1977)
===''KHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kullandar Jallander Khan|Khan, Kullandar Jallander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX89-VLY] - 1916(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4QA Cairns (1937-1939, 1947); 4DC Cairns (1948-1960); 4DC Brisbane (New Farm, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1979, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 4QA may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 4QA Cairns - Electoral Rolls: picture theatre operater (Cairns, Qld, 1943); radio serviceman (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); tv technician (New Farm, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''KIDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian McIvor Kidman|Kidman, Ian McIvor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD7Q-7N2] - 1915(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5JK Naracoorte (1933-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1163, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''KILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Harold Kilby|Kilby, Raymond Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-9VD] - 1918(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7RK Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1461, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1568, 1957; 1COCP 1862, 1958; 2COCP T1, 1977 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: upholsterer (Launceston, 1943-1972)

===''KILGARIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Kilgariff|Kilgariff, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-XBD] - 1886(NSW)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5JT Adelaide (Burnside, 1937-1939; Erindale, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1884, 1937, SA; 2COCP 325, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Boulder, WA, 1910-1912); builder (Alice Springs, NT, 1934; Burnside, SA, 1939); RAAF (Leabrook, SA, 1943)

===''KILSBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Wilbur Kilsby|Kilsby, Keith Wilbur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCHP-4ZS] - 1912(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5PR Moorak (1933); 5PR Birdwood (1938); 5PR Wiltyerong via Murray Bridge (1947); 5PR Mingary via Murray Bridge (1948); 5PR Murray Bridge (1954); 5PR Adelaide (Payneham, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 419, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Birdwood, SA, 1939; Wiltyerong, SA, 1941-1943);

===''KING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Calvert King|King, Charles Calvert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQT-4R1] - 1885(Eng)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 105, 1915; 2COCP 155, 1930 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1914); warrant telegraphist (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1921-1925); music teacher (Randwick, NSW, 1930); musician (Clovelly, 1931; Rose Bay, 1932-1933); librarian (Woollahra, 1934); salesman (Bondi, NSW, 1935); Model Maker (Watson's Bay, 1936-1937)
* [[/Fred Esmond King|King, Fred Esmond (Electoral Rolls)  or Esmonde (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-81C] - 1896(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CQ Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Bulliwallah, Qld, 1919-1963)
* [[/Frederick Venn King|King, Frederick Venn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJHN-MV3] - 1888(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Cunnamulla (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1909); grazier (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1913-1921); not stated (Warrambah Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1925); grazier (Barrington Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1930-1954); retired (Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''KINGWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hercules Kingwell|Kingwell, William Hercules]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB)
===''KINSELLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Thomas Kinsella|Kinsella, Hector Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-XN9] - 1912(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6HK Perth (Hollywood, 1930; East Perth, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 641, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (South Perth, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1943); pharmacist (Perth, 1949; Narrogin, 1954-1958; Applecross, 1963; Ardross, 1968-1972; Booragoon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Wade Kinsella|Kinsella, Thomas Wade]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8P2-TSG] - 1904(Vic)-2001(NSW)96yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Lubeck (1923); 3TK Lubeck (1924-1926); 3TK Rupanyup (1937-1939); 2FK Sydney (Rose Bay, 1946; Herne Bay, 1947; Sans Souci, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1992, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 532, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lubeck, 1927-1936); RAN (Sans Souci, 1949-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3AKW William Jennings Kinsella
* [[/William Jennings Kinsella|Kinsella, William Jennings]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PG-S8S] - 1914(Vic)-2011(Vic) - Licences: 3AKW Lubeck (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 498, 1943; 2AOCP 55, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Magdala, Lubeck, 1936-1972; Lubeck, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3TK-2FK Thomas Wade Kinsella
===''KINZBRUNNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Charles Kinzbrunner|Kinzbrunner, Harry Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-SZM] - 1903(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4HK Cloncurry (1929-1931); 4HK Mareeba (1933); 4HK Tully (1937-1939); 4HK Atherton (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 474, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), employment (Australian Inland Mission, QATB) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Malanda, 1937); electrical engineer (Ashgrove, 1943); radio mechanic (Atherton, 1943); refrigeration &amp; electrical contractor (Atherton, 1949-1972); electrical contractor (Atherton, 1977-1980)

===''KIRBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ewan Russell Kirby|Kirby, Ewan Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4R1-4J7] - 1885(Tas)-1947(Tas) - Licences: XZB Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; First set 1909 communicated with M. Harvey; employed Hydro-electric Dept - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1914-1919); engineer (Hobart West, 1922-1936)
===''KIRKBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Kirkby|Kirkby, Brian]] - historian (early wireless experimenters, Edward Hope Kirkby, Archibald John Shaw), great grandson of Edward Hope Kirkby
* [[/Charles Edward Kirkby|Kirkby, Charles Edward]] - 1886(Vic)-1954(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of George Gill Kirkby
* [[/Edward Hope Kirkby|Kirkby, Edward Hope]] - 1853(At sea)-1915(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, father of George Gill Kirkby and Charles Edward Kirkby
* [[/George Gill Kirkby|Kirkby, George Gill]] - 1884(Vic)-1916(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of Charles Edward Kirkby
===''KIRKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Basil Everald Wharton Kirke|Kirke, Basil Everald Wharton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6NX-FFQ] - 1893(NSW)-1958(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; chief studio announcer/Uncle &quot;Bas&quot; (2BL); manager, 6WF; manager 9PA (1946); manager (ABC, Victoria, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Subiaco, 1931; Perth, 1934-1936; Melbourne, 1937-1943; Perth, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kirke-basil-everald-wharton-10751 ADB]
===''KIRKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Booth Kirkland|Kirkland, John Booth]] - 1861(Vic)-1900(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Melbourne, Geelong &amp; Ballarat

===''KISSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Leslie Hawthorn Kissick|Kissick, Alfred Leslie Hawthorn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9D-7LL] - 1904(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924), 3KB Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1939, 1946-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 141, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), operator 3CR Coburg Radio Club (1925), amateur broadcaster, clerk (1934)

===''KITTO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Collingwood Kitto|Kitto, Thomas Collingwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCKM-W8G] - 1903(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7?? Launceston (1928); 5JR Adelaide (Tusmore, 1931); 2JR Newcastle (1933); 2JS Newcastle (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 425, 1928, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 43, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Launceston, 1928); radio engineer (Sandgate, NSW, 1935; Ulverstone, Tas, 1937); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (Prahran, 1949); retired (Deception Bay, 1972)

===''KLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Kling|Kling, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQZ-B4W] - 1905(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1928; South Camberwell, 1931; Hawthorn East, 1933; Hampton, 1937-1939); 3AJQ Melbourne (Seaford, 1954-1955; Lower Ferntree Gully, 1956; Frankston, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 403, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1931-1933; Sandringham, 1936-1937); engineer (Sandringham, 1942; Bacchus Marsh, 1949); radio sound engineer (Seaford, 1954); electrician (Frankston, 1963-1968)

===''KNAPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carlo Patrick Knapton|Knapton, Carlo Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DQR-R5C] - 1879(Irl)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - wireless trader (WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as vice-president, Wireless Traders Assoc, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton, Vic, 1914); lighting engineer (South Perth, 1921-1954) 
===''KNEIPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Kneipp|Kneipp, James Henry &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ5R-YBH] - 1875(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Morningside, Qld, 1905); railway employee (Morningside, Qld, 1908-1917; Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1958)

===''KNIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Keith Knight|Knight, Rupert Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-Z5W] - 1898(Qld)-1934(Qld) - Licences: 4RK Toowoomba (1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned? - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1919); bank clerk (East Toowoomba, 1925-1926); not specified (East Toowoomba, 1928-1932)

===''KNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Brader Knock|Knock, Donald Brader &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWWR-L62] - 1898(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 1911 Manchester; G6XG London (1924-1926); 2NO Sydney (Cremorne, 1926-1927; Vaucluse, 1927; Kirribilli, 1928; Randwick, 1929); 6NK Wyndham (1930-1931); 2NU Portable Sydney 1935-1939; 2NO Sydney (Waverley, 1946-1966) - Qualifications: AOCP 335, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2MO), radiocommunications engineer, journalist (Wireless Weekly, Radio in ANZ, Radio Monthly, Australian Radio News, Bulletin, Australasian Radio World), military (WW1 - Royal Naval Air Service, WW2 - AIF lieutenant-major) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Waverley, 1930); radio journalist (Waverley, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Waverley, 1935-1963)
===''KNOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carlisle Maddison Knowles|Knowles, Henry Carlisle Maddison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Q8-642] - 1901(NSW)-1945(ACT) - Licences: 2LK Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 653, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Woolahra, 1933; Kingston, ACT, 1935-1943)

===''KOSSECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Frederick Kosseck|Kosseck, Edwin Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-VTG] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3EK Geelong (Belmont, 1930-1933); 3AKE Geelong (Newport, 1947; Belmont, 1948-1980+)  - Qualifications: AOCP 705, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Belmont, 1931-1937); RAAF (Newport, 1943); gardener (Belmont, 1949-1980)

===''KRAEGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl W. J. Kraegen|Kraegen, Carl W. J. &quot;Charles&quot;]] - 1831?(Germany?)-1871(NT) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, SA Posts &amp; Telegraphs), telegraph operator (Ballarat, Portland), developed an early system of explosive detonation by battery, tragically died of thirst during the construction of the Overland Telegraph
===''KRUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Augustine Kruger|Kruger, Francis Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJZ-58H] - 1907(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3HE Receive Charlton (1922-1923); 3HE Charlton (1924-1925); 3AI Charlton (1935-1939); 3AI Strathmore (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1541, 1935, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Charlton, 1928-1937); cinema operator (Charlton, 1942); executive (Essendon, 1949-1968; Strathmore, 1977-1980)

=='''L'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''LABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Howell Laby|Laby, Thomas Howell]] - 1880(Vic)-1946(Vic) - frequent lecturer on wireless topics to WIA Vic in the 1920s, education (BA Cambridge 1905, PhD Cambridge 1921), employment (University of Sydney, 1901-1904; Cavendish Laboratory, 1905; Professor Physics, Victoria University College, Wellington, 1909; Professor Natural Philosophy, University of Melbourne, 1915-1930+), Royal Society of Victoria (president, 1924)
===''LACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Lack|Lack, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCQH-WJR] - 1876(NSW)-1949(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Sandgate, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Warwick, Qld, 1903; Tiaro, Qld, 1905-1906; Maryborough, Qld, 1908); fish agent (Maryborough, Qld, 1913); engineer (Sandgate, Qld, 1916); accountant (Sandgate, Qld, 1917-1949)

===''LAHEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Wesley Lahey|Lahey, John Wesley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKRX-KPL] - 1850(Irl)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: sawmill proprietor (Clayfield, Qld, 1908-1909); sawmiller (Clayfield, Qld, 1913-1936)
===''LAIDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Laidler|Laidler, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1KG-31L] - 1904(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5TL Ceduna (1937-1939, 1947); 5TL Largs Bay (1948); 5TL Renmark (1954-1960); 5TL Adelaide (Glandore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1934, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Ceduna, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Lake|Lake, Eric James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDFZ-CKK]- 1906(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4EL Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1946-1948); 4EL Clevedon (1954-1956); 4EL Townsville (Belgian Gardens, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 54, 1931; AOCP 966, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, instructor); broadcast technician (4QN); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943-1949; Townsville, Qld, 1954-1963);

===''LAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Federal Laker|Laker, Frank John Federal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1V2-P8Q] - 1899(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2ZE Deniliquin (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (St Kilda, Vic, 1925); clerk (Bondi, 1935-1937); accountant (North Rocks, 1954)

===''LALOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Fintan Lalor|Lalor, Peter Fintan]] - 1827(Irl)-1889(Vic) - Leader of the Eureka Stockade, Postamaster-General Victoria (Aug 1875-Oct 1875)

===''LAMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. D. Lamb|Lamb, A. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DK Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James Joseph Wiseman Lamb|Lamb, James Joseph Wiseman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-49X] - 1876(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 119, 1915; 1COCP 264, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Relationships: father of Harry Spencer Lamb - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); radio station master (Townsville, Qld, 1921); wireless (Malvern, Vic, 1927);  superintendent (Toorak, Vic, 1928-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1937); retired (Elsternwick, Vic, 1942)
* [[/Harry Spencer Lamb|Lamb, Harry Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-SQY] - 1906(WA)-1984(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcaster - Relationships: son of James Joseph Wiseman Lamb - Electoral Rolls:

===''LAMBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Clayton Lambert|Lambert or Mason, Frank Clayton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-761] - 1908(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6FL Perth (South Perth, 1929-1931); 6FL Geraldton (1933); 6FL Perth (Wembley, 1937-1939; Subiaco, 1947); 3AFL Bairnsdale (1948); 6FL Perth (Claremont, 1954-1956; Bassendean, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 503, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture employee (South Perth, WA, 1931); projectionist (Albany, WA, 1934); sound projectionist (East Fremantle, WA, 1936); projectionist (Wembley Park, WA, 1937); radio technician (Subiaco, WA, 1943-1949); dealer (Claremont, WA, 1954); radio dealer (Bassendean, WA, 1958-1980)

===''LANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Herbert Dodson Lane|Lane, Cyril Herbert Dodson]] - 1888(NSW)-1915(Tur) - XDM Sydney (1909-1914), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), born Cyril Herbert Dodson, brother-in-law of Charles Dansie Maclurcan &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
===''LANGFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Leslie Langfield|Langfield, Harold Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-3D6] - 1893(Wales)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4CO Brisbane (Rosalie, 1935-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1572, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: club steward (Rosalie, Qld, 1934-1977; Paddington, Qld, 1980);

===''LANGFORD-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fritz Langford-Smith|Langford-Smith, Fritz]] - 1904(NSW)-1966(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), electronics designer (AWA), author (Radiotron Designers Handbook), journalist (Radiotronics) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198908.pdf EA]
===''LANGHANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ron Langhans|Langhans, Ron]] - historian (broadcasting)
===''LANGRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George David Langridge|Langridge, George David]] - 1829(Eng)-1891(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria in early 1880s

===''LAPTHORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Charles Lapthorne|Lapthorne, Horace Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W8-STK] - 1900(Vic)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2TM Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1924); 2HL Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1938; Lane Cove, 1939; Artarmon, 1948-1969); 2HL Noraville (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 422, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943-1968); retired (Noraville, 1972)

===''LARSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Peter Christian Larsen|Larsen, Herbert Peter Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36L-GHQ] - 1901(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4JW Charters Towers(1928-1937); 4JW Cairns (1938-1939, 1947-1956); 4JW Charters Towers (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 439, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: brewery hand (Charters Towers, 1925-1936); engine driver (Cairns, 1943-1954; Charters Towers, 1958-1968)
===''LARSSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gustaf William Larsson|Larsson, Gustaf William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTD-55K] - 1902(Tas)-1992(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 92, 1932; AOCP 3275, 1952 - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Hobart West, 1928-1936)

===''LAUNDER-CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge|Launder-Cridge, Wilfred Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-S5L] - 1899(Eng)-1960(Tas) - Licences: 5BZ Adelaide (Brooklyn Park, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 200, 1930; 1COCP 120, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Essendon North, Vic, 1937; Aerodrome, Cambridge, Tas, 1943); OIC, DCA (Forrest, WA, 1958)

===''LAURENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Laurence|Laurence, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-YKV] - 1916(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MZ Adelaide (Malvern, 1933-1939); 3PF Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1948); 3PF Benalla (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1164, 1933, SA; 1COCP 118, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Ceduna, 1941-1943); farmer (Wellington, Benalla, 1949-1963; Benalla, 1967-1980)

===''LAURIE-RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melbourne Clive Laurie-Rhodes|Laurie-Rhodes, Melbourne Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-6K1] - 1915(Qld)-1997(NZ) - Licences: 4XU Brisbane (Hendra, 1934-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1353, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Hendra, Qld, 1936-1937)

===''LAVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Poynton Laver|Laver, Charles Poynton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JBH-SNC] - 1882(Eng)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5CP Cape Borda (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Lightkeeper (Cape Borda, SA, 1939; Edithburgh, 1941-1951)

===''LAVINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Morgan Eric Lavington|Lavington, Frederick Morgan Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJM-ZC9] - 1903(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 2ZC Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1923); 2ZC Sydney (Waverley, 1923; Bondi, 1924-1925; Mosman, 1925-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Manly, 1930); engineer (Strathfield, 1932; Ashfield West, 1935-1936); electrical engineer (Ashfield West, 1937); engineer (Kensington, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1972)

===''LAWRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevan Alic Lawrie|Lawrie, Kevan Alec or Alic]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRS-5YP] - 1915(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5AK Adelaide (Lockleys, 1936-1939; York, 1947-1948; Lockleys, 1954-1965; Brooklyn, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1602, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Lockleys, SA, 1939-1941)

===''LAWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Andrew Laws|Laws, David Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-FW5] - 1909(Qld)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 4DR Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 829, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Commando)- Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Taringa, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/635901]
* [[/Sidney Frank Henry Laws|Laws, Sidney Frank Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6ZT-GBH] - 1893(NZ)-1973(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 6, 1914, No. 6 in Aus and Vic - commercial operator; coastal station operator; manager 7ZL (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 7ZL) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Wireless Station, Townsville, 1915); farmer (Launching Place, 1918); electrical engineer (Prahran, Vic, 1919); engineer (Armadale, Vic, 1919-1924); manager (Launceston, 1928); company manager (Double Bay, NSW, 1930-1931)

===''LAWTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Kyle Lawton|Lawton, Alexander Kyle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-FWT] - 1889(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD), radio clubs (QWI, member), business (movie theatres, Amico), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowoomba, 1913; Wynnum South, 1915-1916); manager (Windsor, 1919); engineer (Nundah, 1925-1928); manager (Townsville, 1936-1937; Nundah, 1943-1949); manufacturer's agent (Virginia, 1954-1958); company director (Ashfield, 1963); sales manager (Ashfield, 1968-1977)

===''LEADBITTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Leadbitter|Leadbitter, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP1-3V1] - 1882(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2AF Receive West Wyalong (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: cycle mechanic (Darlington, 1903); mechanic (West Wyalong, 1913); cycle mechanic (West Wyalong, 1930-1943)
===''LEANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Gregory Leaney|Leaney, William Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-JF9] - 1895(SA)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3XN Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923); 3XN Melbourne (Northcote, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Northcote, 1919-1954); driver (Coburg, 1963-1977); nil (Preston, 1980)

===''LEBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Leber|Leber, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-847] - 1905(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Richmond, 1929-1939; Hawthorn, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 481, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 45, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Richmond, 1927-1942); salesman (Hawthorn, 1949)

===''LECKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Crockett Leckie|Leckie, Herbert Crockett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1R-QQN] - 1927(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Melbourne (Elwood, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 1170, 1947 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980);
* [[/Raymond Campbell Leckie|Leckie, Raymond Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2Q-ZZV] - 1904(Vic)-1987(ACT) - Licences: 3TU Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923); 3TU Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 215, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Sandringham, 1926); public servant (Braddon, 1935; Turner, 1943-1968); examiner of patents (Hughes, 1972); retired (Hughes, 1977-1980)

===''LEE-ARCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Leslie Lee-Archer|Lee-Archer, Evan Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB2K-F3W] - 1911(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3LM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931); 3LM Wonthaggi (1933); 3LM Melbourne (Caulfield North, 1937; Malvern East, 1938) - Qualifications: AOCP 534, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1933); radio engineer (Korumburra, 1934); engineer (Caulfield West, 1935); mechanic (Malvern East, 1937)

===''LEGGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Legge|Legge, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9MJS-QKM] - 1906(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Ulverstone, 1928); no occupation (Hobart South, 1936); zinc worker (Hobart East, 1943); farmer (Cullenswood, 1949-1954)
===''LE GRAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Walter Le Grand|Le Grand, Sydney Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQDD-D57] - 1902(Qld)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4LG Brisbane (Windsor, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 882, 1925; 2COCP 34, 1929; 1COCP 151, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Windsor, 1925-1926); operator (Woollahra, 1931-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1949; Bondi Junction, 1954-1968); retired (Banora Point, 1972-1977)

===''LELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Lelliott|Lelliott, Thomas &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-4PX] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3ZW Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1930-1939); 3AZW Melbourne (Boronia, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 684, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 68, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Mont Albert, 1937); operator (Caulfield, 1942); public servant (Boronia, 1963-1980)

===''LEMMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Lemmon|Lemmon, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-Z21] - 1885(Eng)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 95, 1915; 2COCP 120, 1930; 1COCP 71, 1930 - coastal wireless operator; WW2; RANRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1915); officer-in-charge Wireless Station (Rockhampton, 1916-1921); radio telegraphist (Applecross, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); wireless operator (Broome, 1937); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1943-1949); retired (Rivervale, 1954-1963)
===''LEMPRIERE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Louis Lempriere|Lempriere, Charles Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Y-NPS] - 1857(Vic)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3ZJ Melbourne (Vermont, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: surgeon (South Yarra, 1912-1919); medical practitioner (Vermont, 1924-1934)

===''LENDRUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Lendrum|Lendrum, Alexander &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NZ-Y5Y] - 1887(Qld)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2YL Sydney (Kensington, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1913); yardman (Toowoomba, 1921); constable (Kensington, 1930-1937)
===''LENNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Lennon|Lennon, Christopher James &quot;Chris&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJL3-LZF] - 1889(Vic)-1932(Aus) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 4, 1929 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916-1917); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1925); telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1931)

===''LEONARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Benedict Leonard|Leonard, Aubrey Benedict]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-N4X] - 1896(NSW)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3EN Receive Drouin (1922-1923); 3EN Drouin (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 244, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Drouin, 1922-1928); radio dealer (Drouin, 1931-1954); retired (Drouin, 1963-1967) 
* [[/John William Leonard|Leonard, John William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G494-BY4] - 1906(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (Black Rock, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 386, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Sandringham, 1931-1943); shopkeeper (Sandringham, 1949-1968)
* [[/Leslie Clarence Leonard|Leonard, Leslie Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH15-16Q] - 1902(Vic)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5LT Adelaide (Payneham, 1946-1947; Medindie, 1948); 5LT Port Lincoln (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2336, 1939, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pilot (The Terrace/Port Pirie, 1939)
* [[/Vincent Halpin Leonard|Leonard, Vincent Halpin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8S4-TXD] - 1915(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Melbourne (?, 1938-1939; Kew, 1946-1956); 3PJ St Andrews (1960); 3PJ Melbourne (Balwyn, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2167, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1937; Kew, 1937-1954); public servant (St Andrews, 1958; Balwyn, 1963-1980)

===''LESLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julian Leslie|Leslie, Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS98-211] - 1873(Vic)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 142, 1915; 1COCP 246, 1932 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, WA, 1910-1912; Applecross, WA, 1913); O.I.C. (Radio Telegraph Station, Broome, WA, 1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Thursday Island, 1925-1926); superintendent of wireless (Auburn, Vic, 1928); supervisor B.H. service (Randwick, NSW, 1930-1949)

===''LESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lester|Lester, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5FQ-NQL] - 1902(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LR Renmark (1930-1937); 5LR Berri (1938-1939); 5LR Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1946-1947; Blackwood, 1954-1965); 5LR Victor Harbour (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 674, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 236, 1935; BOCP 369, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Berri, 1939-1943)

===''LETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Norman Lett|Lett, Frederick James Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-Y8D] - 1903(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2WN Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923); 2WN Sydney (Annandale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Annandale, 1930-1936); publican (Sydney, 1937); hotelkeeper (Clifton Gardens Hotel, Mosman, 1943); Darlinghurst, 1949; Dulwich Hill, 1958; Marrickville, 1963); retired (Church Point, 1968)

===''LEVENSPIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pinkus Levenspiel|Levenspiel, Pinkus or Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JB-QSL] - 1904(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2TX Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 668, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wyong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Wyong, 1949-1963); motor dealer (Ourimbah, 1968-1980)
===''LEVERETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Leverett|Leverett, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV79-R7Q] - 1894(Eng)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 25, 1914; 1COCP 88, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broome, 1916); telegraphist (Ascot, Qld, 1921); wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1943); wireless inspector (Burwood, NSW, 1954)
===''LEVERRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Hewitt Leverrier|Leverrier, Francis Hewitt &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBT-DP5] - 1863(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Waverley, 1911-1914, Licence No. 5) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; radio clubs (WIA, president, 1910) - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Vaucluse, 1930-1934, Kings Counsel) - Relationships: father of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier 
* [[/Frank Neville Leverrier|Leverrier, Frank Neville &quot;Boy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6RF-W2W] - 1904(NSW)-1980(NSW) - 2BK Receive Sydney (Waverley, 1922-1923); 2BK Sydney (Vaucluse, 1924-1930); 2ADE Castle Cove (1969-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 169, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 931, 1926) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio work (Vaucluse, 1930); clerk (Vaucluse, 1933-1937); superintendent (Vaucluse, 1943-1949); public relations (Roseville, 1963-1968; Castle Cove, 1977) - Relationships: son of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier
* [[/Henri Andre Leverrier|Leverrier, Henri Andre &quot;Henry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68N-18J] - 1882(NCL)-1943(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Gordon, 1911); XHL Sydney (City, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, Australian General Electric, Sydney)  - Relationships: nephew of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier; cousin of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Sydney, 1913); manager (Crows Nest, 1930-1937)
===''LEVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Levy|Levy, Richard &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-Z38] - 1909(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5AJ Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 654, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Torrensville, 1943)

===''LEWIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Garrett Lewis|Lewis, Henry Garrett &quot;Harry&quot;]] - 1895(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Hobart (no record of licence identified as yet) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (reported experimenting from 1912); councillor WIA Tas in 1923; manager 3UZ 1924 - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/William John Lewis|Lewis, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYJ-BZQ] - 1908(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2YB Sydney (Marrickville, 1931-1936; McMahons Point, 1937); 6YB Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939); 2YB Sydney (Haberfield, 1947-1950; Paddington, 1954-1969; Ryde, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 863, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Comment: Several contemporaneous WJLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified due to numbers

===''LIGHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lighton|Lighton, Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HJ-HD1] - 1869(Vic)-1940(Vic) - 3CM Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1922-1924), 3RL Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 179, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, storekeeper (Toongabbie, 1903; Benalla, 1916), independent means (East St Kilda, 1928; Armadale, 1937)
===''LINDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Linden|Linden, Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-PRV] - 1904(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4FT Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Murgon, Qld, 1925); mechanic (Wilston, Qld, 1928); storekeeper (Clayfield, Qld, 1936-1937); telephone mechanic (Mackay, Qld, 1943-1949); supervising technician (Bowen, Qld, 1954); PMG technician (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1958-1968)

===''LINDNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Lindner|Lindner, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVX-787] - 1904(NSW)-1981(Qld) - 4BX Receive Brisbane (Alderley) 1922 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wilston, 1928); motor mechanic (Maleny, 1934); mechanic (Windsor, 1936-1972); retired (Mt Samson, 1977)

===''LINDSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Gordon Lindsay|Lindsay, Donald Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-126] - 1909(Vic)-1964(WA) - 2DY Sydney (Gordon, 1925-1936; Ashfield, 1937; Concord, 1938; Kogarah, 1939), amateur operator (AOCP 83, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer
* [[/Herbert Maxwell Lindsay|Lindsay, Herbert Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3L-S78] - 1913(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4HD Nambour (1937-1939); 4HD Buderim (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2027, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); employment (company secretary) - Electoral Rolls: bank officer (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1943);  fruitgrower (Buderim, Qld, 1954-1980)
===''LINKLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Charles Linklater|Linklater, Donald Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-Z44] - 1905(SA)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 5DL Pinnaroo (1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1521, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1949); technician (Bondi Junction, NSW, 1958)

===''LITCHFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ainslie Roland Litchfield|Litchfield, Ainslie Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J3Z-FRP] - 1906(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2RL Cooma (1925-1939), 2RL Sydney (Woollahra, 1947; Darling Point, 1948-1954; Rozelle, 1955-1958; Avalon Beach, 1960-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 200, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, grazier (Cooma, 1930-1937), film producer (Avalon Beach, 1958-1968)
===''LITHGOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Lithgow|Lithgow, John Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-5TL] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Eng) - Licences: 7WJ Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1688, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Marine officer? 1950s-1960s, several sea trips
===''LITTLEJOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sydney Littlejohn|Littlejohn, Arthur Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DW-VDD] - 1905(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939); 4LF Gunalda (1947); 2OU Sydney (Leichhardt, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 579, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Leichhardt, 1930-1958; Haberfield, 1963-1980)

===''LLOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Howard Lloyd|Lloyd, Henry Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST7-9LV] - 1904(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (College Town, 1923-1927); 5AG Adelaide (College Town, 1923); 5HL Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 57, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Beware another Henry Howard Lloyd [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDY-FS3] 1912-1981 in Adelaide, similar times - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Hughie Frederick Lloyd|Lloyd, Hughie or Hugh Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-Y95] - 1917(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5BC Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939); 5BC Berri (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1137, 1933, SA; BOCP 281, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5HD William Edward Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939)
* [[/William Edward Lloyd|Lloyd, William Edward &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGB-WR9] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5HD Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939, 1947-1948; Cumberland, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1215, 1933, SA; 2COCP 763, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5BC Hughie Frederick Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: nil (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LOCKHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Edward Lockhart|Lockhart, Leon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CJ-6GG] - 1912(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LE Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939; Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 514, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 205, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elwood, 1934-1937); engineer (Elsternwick, 1942-1977)
===''LOESER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hedley Edmond Loeser|Loeser, Hedley Edmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXL-RM6] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5LO Adelaide (Goodwood, 1936-1939; Col LIght Gardens, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1748, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: display artist (Reade Park, SA, 1943)

===''LOMAX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Lomax|Lomax, Joseph]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EB Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (St Kilda, Vic, 1913-1914; Ivanhoe, Vic, 1916-1917; Coorparoo, Qld, 1921-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926)

===''LONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Timothy Joseph Long|Long, Timothy Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ19-Z9G] - 1884(Qld)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 140, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Comment: suicide after diagnosis terminal illness - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1908); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Townsville, 1921)
===''LONGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ruth Victoria Longley|Harris nee Longley, Ruth Victoria]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-5GJ] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6YL Perth (Shenton Park, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1808, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator; WW2 - Relationships: Wife of 6NL Valentine Harms Harris - Electoral Rolls: saleswoman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); home duties (Applecross, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Applecross, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''LONGSTAFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Allen Hector Longstaff|Longstaff, Thomas Allen Hector &quot;Allen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQM-WF3] - 1896(SA)-1953(NSW) - Licences: XVR Adelaide (Alberton, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 55, 1915 - early wireless experimenter; coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: executive (Brighton, Vic, 1949)

===''LORDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Allan Lorden|Lorden, Geoffrey Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJB-2P8] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6GL Perth (Perth, 1925-1926; West Perth, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 175, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOCP 2297, 1939; 2COCP 342, 1940; 1COCP 441, 1940), amateur broadcaster, radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949)
===''LOVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Kingsley Love|Love, Howard Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGQ-8S5] - 1895(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3BM Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3BM Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922-1931; Glen Iris, 1933), 3KU Melbourne (Malvern, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 230, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; radio clubs (WIA Vic); business proprietor (radio manufacturer) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Orong, 1919; Malvern East, 1921-1924; Gardiner, 1927-1933); manager (Gardiner, 1936-1937); engineer (Mt. Waverley, 1942) - Comment: gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199407.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199408.pdf EA2]
* [[/James Peile Love|Love, James Peile &quot;Nim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7JF-83Z] - 1906(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JL Brisbane (Kedron, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 469, 1928, No. ?? in Qld (Halcyon AOCP 1930); 3COCP 5259, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF) - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Kedron, 1928-1943; Hawthorne, 1949-1980)
===''LOVETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Frank Lovett|Lovett, Hubert Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHG1-DT2] - 1905(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7HL Hobart (1926-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 246, 1926, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart North, 1928-1937); manager (Hobart South, 1949; Nelson, 1954) - Links: [https://info.scholarships.utas.edu.au/AwardDetails.aspx?AwardId=2813 UTAS Scholarship]
* [[/Percy Lovett|Lovett, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB5-M21] - 1906(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2JP Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2210, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''LUBACH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Lubach|Lubach, Frederick John &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H7-VZD] - 1919(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4RF Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1947); Dalby (1948-1950); Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1954; Camp Hill, 1965-75; Loganlea, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1745, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 868, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, instructor, QSL manager); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); broadcast technician (4QS, Capalaba) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Dalby, Qld, 1949; Coorparoo, Qld, 1954; Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Loganlea, Qld, 1980)

===''LUCAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gillen Frederick Lucas|Lucas, Gillen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-Y7P] - 1894(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5LL Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1935-1939; Port Adelaide, 1947; Maylands, 1948; Trinity Gardens, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1589, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Kilkenny, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LUCKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Forsythe Arthur Luckman|Luckman, Charles Forsythe Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMF8-LS2] - 1901(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 2JT Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922); 2JT Sydney (Croydon, 1923-1926; Lakemba, 1927-1933; Croydon, 1934; Ashfield, 1935-1938; Croydon, 1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 41, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lift engineer (Lakemba, 1930-1933); electrician (Croydon, 1935-1943); electrical mechanic (Croydon, 1954-1972)
* [[/Thomas Stuart Luckman|Luckman, Thomas Stuart &quot;Stuart&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-8CD] - 1913(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4SL Brisbane (Kalinga, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 783, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, CMF, Signals Northern Command); occupation (hardware executive) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kalinga, 1936-1937); storeman (Hendra, 1943-1958); retired (Aspley, 1972-1977; Carseldine, 1980)

===''LUHRS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Albert Luhrs|Luhrs, Victor Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZYN-VJJ] - 1888(Vic)-1964(SA) - Licences: V761 Receive Woori Yallock (1922); 3HB Receive Woori Yallock (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Torquon West, Nhill, 1909; Netherby, 1912-1914; Cavendish, 1916-1919; Woori Yallock, 1922-1924; Kalyan, SA, 1939); grazier (Tintinara, SA, 1941-1943)
===''LUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Douglas Lum|Lum, Allan Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92F-LX7] - 1913(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5AL Adelaide (Joslin, 1932-1939; Hyde Park, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 980, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 427, 1940; TVOCP 263, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Gawler, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Hyde Park, SA, 1943)

===''LUMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd John Lumb|Lumb, Lloyd John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84C-LF2] - 1907(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LL Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 471, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); postal electrician (Stanthorpe, 1943); technician (Ashgrove, 1949); engineer (Ashgrove, 1958-1972)

===''LUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Vincent Lunn|Lunn, Harold Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-4X5] - 1908(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 5HL Adelaide (Morphettville, 1935-1939); 2ANE Sydney (North Ryde) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1449, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Morphettville, SA, 1939-1943; Hurstville South, NSW, 1972); retired (North Ryde, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''LUXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilfred Luxon|Luxon, George Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5YJ-XTL] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5RX Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1928-1939, 1946-1965; Torrens Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 450, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster late 1920s; WW2; WIA SA (several official duties) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mitcham, 1939-1943)

===''LYNCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold John Lynch|Lynch, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTD-VXL] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4HL Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1934-1939, 1946-1956; Slacks Creek, 1960-1975); 4HL Springbrook (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1268, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); business proprietor (restaurants, picture theatres) - Electoral Rolls: cutter (Albion, Qld, 1928); shopkeeper (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Valley, Qld, 1949); shopkeeper (St Lucia, Qld, 1954; Slacks Creek, Qld, 1958-1968); owner (Slacks Creek, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Springbrook, Qld, 1980)

===''LYONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Thomas Lyons|Lyons, Joseph Aloysius Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGY-XKB] - 1879(Tas)-1939(NSW) - teacher, state politician, Premier of Tasmania, federal politician, Postmaster-General, Prime Minister of Australia, actively promoted development of broadcasting in Australia over two decades - Electoral Rolls:

=='''M'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''MABBITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Matthew Mabbitt|Mabbitt, John Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FD5] - 1905(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3KI Lake Boga (1930-1939); 3JG Lake Boga (1947-1948); 3JG Swan Hill (1954-1960); 3JG Melbourne (Templestowe, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 588, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Lake Boga, 1928-1949); supervisor (Swan Hill, 1954); public servant (Templestowe, 1963)

===''MACDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Macdonald|Macdonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-WT8] - 1883(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 45, 1936 - senior federal public servant (Chief Engineer, Radiotelegraph Branch, PMGD, 1914); Lieutenant-Commander Telegraphist (RAN, in charge captured German Pacific Wireless); chief engineer 7EX; supervised erection 3AR, 5CL, 7ZL; early TV research  - Comment: Don't confuse with Don Macdonald AWA consultant - Electoral Rolls: Numerous contemporaneous DMcDs - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199505.pdf EA]
* [[/Llewellyn Macdonald|Macdonald, Llewellyn &quot;Lew&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-73F] - 1908(Eng)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2WU Newcastle (West Maitland, 1929-1934; Wickham, 1935-1936; Waratah, 1937; Mayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 478, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 69, 1936; BOCP 50, 1936; 1COCP 125, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (West Maitland, 1930; Wickham, 1936); joiner (Waratah, 1937; Charlestown, 1972)

===''MACFARLANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred - see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred

===''MACGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. MacGregor|MacGregor, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4ZU Brisbane (Windsor, -1947+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''MACKAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Stewart Mackay|Mackay, Cedric Stewart or Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/973G-3Q2] - 1889(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XADF Coffs Harbour (1913-1914); 2GP Urunga (1922-1931); 2GO Coffs Harbour (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 149, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Urunga, 1930); agent (Coffs Harbour, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ian Keith Mackay|Mackay, Ian Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JG-NHF] - 1907(NZ)-1985(NZ) - author, historian (broadcast, &quot;Broadcasting in New Zealand&quot; (1953), &quot;Broadcasting in Australia&quot; (1957), &quot;Broadcasting in Nigeria&quot; (1964), &quot;Broadcasting in Papua New Guinea&quot; (1976) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting executive (Lane Cove, 1954); executive (Killara, 1958)
* [[/Ronald Reay Mackay|Mackay, Ronald Reay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-Y6T] - 1905(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3FZ Receive Melbourne (Carlton, 1922); 3MU Melbourne (Carlton, 1931-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, principal (RMIT) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Carlton, 1931-1963) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mackay-ronald-reay-10980 ADB]
===''MACKEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Francis Mackel|Mackel, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DJ-FP5] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2HG Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965; Hunters Hill, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 585, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1943); insurance inspector (Lane Cove, 1949-1954); insurance manager (Lane Cove, 1958-1963); manager (Hunters Hill, 1968-1980)
===''MACKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Harper Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Alexander Harper &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-MVZ] - 1892(Sct)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4GK Brisbane (Wynnum, 1930-1939; Bulimba, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 628, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Fire Service) - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Brisbane City, 1916; Hamilton, 1919; Brisbane City, 1925); fire brigade officer (Wynnum, 1928-1936); newsagent (Bulimba, 1949); retired (Bulimba, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 4YL Florence Madeline Mackenzie and 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie
* [[/Arthur Alexander Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-796] - 1918(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4HJ Jericho (1937); 4HJ Brisbane (Wynnum, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1346, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Townsville, 1949); newsagent (Grange, 1954-1963); public servant (Townsville, 1972; Cleveland, 1972; Thornlands, 1977, Cleveland, 1980) - Relationships: son of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; brother of 4YL Florence Madeline Streamer nee Mackenzie
* [[/Florence Madeline Mackenzie|Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-B8C] - 1922(Qld)-19??(Qld) - Licences: 4YL Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; third YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Mitchelton, 1949; New Farm, 1954) - Relationships: daughter of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; sister of 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Harold Stuart Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Harold Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L21R-VGN] - 1908(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AM Brisbane (Annerley, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 518, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 90, 1937; 1COCP 239, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1937); company manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1943-1954); radio operator (Blackheath, 1958); unemployed (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968); technician (Burleigh Heads, 1972-1980)

===''MACKINNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Eric Wilton MacKinnon|MacKinnon, Colin Eric Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK45-QRQ] - 1941(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2KCM Sydney 1980s; 2DYM Sydney (1980-2004)- Qualifications: NAOCP N1793, 1981; AOLCP N1281, 1981; AOCP N1032, 1981, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; historian (amateur radio; military radio; radar) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cronulla, 1968; Hurstville, 1977); retired (Glenhaven, 1980) - [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Colin_MacKinnon.htm Obit]

===''MACLARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Foster St Clair Maclardy|Maclardy, William John Foster St Clair &quot;Will&quot;]] - 1892(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2HP Sydney (Neutral Bay &amp; Cremorne,1922-1925), amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), journalist (Smith's Weekly, Wireless Weekly), correct surname is St Clair Maclardy but rarely used, son of William McIntyre St Clair Maclardy, one time Wireless Weekly proprietor
===''MACLAREN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Catto Maclaren|Maclaren, Donald Catto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-2R2] - 1909(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2DM Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1939); 2NN Narrabri (1947-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 655, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Haberfield, 1933-1936; Taree, 1937; Narrabri, 1949)
===''MACLURCAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Dansie Maclurcan|Maclurcan, Charles Dansie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWR7-LJ3] - 1889(Qld)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XDM Sydney (1909-1914); 2CM Sydney (Strathfield, 1921-1939; Neutral Bay, 1946-1957); 2CY Sydney (Strathfield, 1923, briefly by administrative error); first licence issued under new 1922 radio regulations - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 98, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; business proprietor (Maclurcan and Lane, 1909-19??, Maclurcan Engineering, Hotel Wentworth) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Darling Harbour, 1913); engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1934); hotel manager (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/maclurcan-hannah-13070 ADB] [[w:2CM|Wikipedia]] [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/who-was-radio-pioneer-charles-maclurcan/ radioinfo]

===''MACM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Chestnut McMillan|McMillan, Joseph Chestnut]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-8TG] - 1901(Sct)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 7BP Receive Hobart (City, 1923); 7BP Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1928)

===''MACPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Duncan Macpherson|Macpherson, Alexander Duncan &quot;Sandy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/29CF-Z3F] - 1899(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4MC Brisbane (Nundah, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Oakleigh, 1954; Chermside, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1271, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Toombul RC); Qld Lands (draughtsman) - Comment: Slow update for death in Electoral Rolls? - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1949; Oakleigh, Qld, 1954; Chermside, Qld, 1958-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MADDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney John Madden|Madden, Sydney John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-WGL] - 1900(Sct)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MN Perth (City, 1930; North Perth, 1931; Maylands, 1933-1937; Wembley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 264, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Maylands, WA, 1931-1937; Wembley Park, WA, 1937-1943); supervisor (Wembley, WA, 1954)

===''MADDICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Maddick|Maddick, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLB-J2P] - 1890(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: XLX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EF Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3EF Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 161, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; perpetrator of the foul mouthed parrot incident - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Elsternwick, 1917); mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1954)

===''MAGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin William Michael Magee|Magee, Kevin William Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-51Z] - 1913(Vic)-1979(Vanuatu) - Licences: 5KM Adelaide (City, 1931-1933); 2UN Sydney (Paddington, 1936); 3UN Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937); 3KM Melbourne (Kew, 1947-1960; North Balwyn, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 874, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: staff cadet (Victoria Barracks, NSW, 1936); military officer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1937; Kew, Vic, 1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1949-1954); company director (Kew, Vic, 1963); director (Balwyn, Vic, 1967-1972)

===''MAGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lindsay Maguire|Maguire, Arthur Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SN-BKC] - 1921(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3IO Stratford (1938-1939; 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2216, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Stratford, 1949-1977); grazier (Munro, 1980)
* [[/Ernest Norbert Maguire|Maguire, Ernest Norbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR4X-F61] - 1892(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KL Sydney (Lewisham, 1928-1930; Dulwich Hill, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 387, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Lewisham, 1930-1932); sergeant of police (Putney, 1943; Gladesville, 1949-1958); retired (Lake Illawarra South, 1963)
* [[/Sydney William Maguire|Maguire, Sydney William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDF-L85] - 1903(WA)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2XY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Paddington, 1935-1936; North Bondi, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 933, 1926; AOLCP 74, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Glenmore, 1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Maroubra North, 1943); inspector (Maroubra North, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1958)

===''MAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Mahon|Mahon, Hugh]] - 1857(Ire)-1931(Vic) - senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1904)

===''MALCOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Graham Malcolm|Malcolm, Keith Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8F-K5W] - 1949(Eng)-2011(NSW) - Licences: 3ZYK Melbourne (North Clayton, 1969; Mulgrave, 1975; Berwick, 1980); 1???; 2??? - Qualifications: AOLCP 2407, 1967 - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC); Communications Laboratory DoC (Director) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayton, Vic, 1972; Mulgrave, 1977; Berwick, 1980)
===''MALONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Joseph Malone|Malone, James Joseph &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWL8-8DP] - 1883(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 240, 1916 - employment (NSW P&amp;T, Telegraph Messenger; PMGD, Cadet Engineer, Controller Wireless; OTC, Manager); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayfield, Qld, 1917-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926-1928); chief inspector wireless (Kew, Vic, 1931-1937); Deputy Director, Posts and Telegraphs (Indooroopilly, 1943); public servant (Lindfield, NSW, 1949-1963) - Links: [[w:James Joseph Malone|Wikipedia]];  [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_05_30#P.109_-_Commonwealth_Controller_of_Wireless|Bio]]
===''MALPAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth John Malpas|Malpas, Kenneth John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGC2-BNN] - 1909(SA)-1929(SA) - Licences: 5XG Kadina (1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 313, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''MANGNALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hartley Mangnall|Mangnall, Robert Hartley Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MD-3L2] - 1903(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3?? Melbourne (Carlton, 1927); 3HB Melbourne (Highett, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 350, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Carlton, 1936); engineer (Sandringham, 1942-1963)
===''MANIFOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Charles Manifold|Manifold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXMR-BFZ] - 1908(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1933; McKinnon, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 647, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Malvern, 1931-1934; Bentleigh, 1936-1980)
===''MANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Mann|Mann, John Edward &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JY-STV] - 1912(SA)-1941(off Libyan coast) - Licences: 5EM Semaphore (1934-1938); 3IE Westmere (1938); 3IE Ballarat (1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1304, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, telegraphist) - Relationships: Son of Thomas William Mann - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1675471 AWM]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10278775 AWM] - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; 
* [[/Sydney George Mann|Mann, Sydney George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DP-V1C] - 1908(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3KY Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1931; Hampton, 1937-1939, 1946-1954; East Brighton, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 594, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Sergeant) - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Glenhuntly, 1931); mechanic (Sandringham, 1936-1937); shopkeeper (Woodend, 1942); mechanic (Hampton, 1949-1954); sales (Carnegie, 1963); salesman (St Kilda, 1967)
* [[/Thomas William Mann|Mann, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLZ-2S3] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 5EM-3IE John Edward Mann- Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol John Roland Manning|Manning, Athol John Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69L-G2L] - 1916(Tas)-2005(Tas) - Licences: 7LR Devonport (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1367, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Devonport, 1949-1954) 
* [[/Clifton Joseph Manning|Manning, Clifton Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G893-WW6] - 1909(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3CJ Melbourne (Ringwood, 1927; Elwood, 1931-1937; Eltham, 1938-1939; Balwyn, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1948; Beaumaris, 1954-1960); 3CJ Orbost (1965); 3CJ Marlo (1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 338, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 877, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (St Kilda, 1931-1936; Canterbury, 1943; Templestowe, 1949; Sandringham, 1954-1963); farmer (Orbost, 1967-1968); retired (Marlo, 1972-1977; Lang Lang, 1980)
===''MANSFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Mansfield|Mansfield, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZQ Burnie (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MANTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Thomas Mantle|Mantle, Joseph Patrick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-DP9] - 1913(Qld)-1976(Fiji) - Licences: 4XF Brisbane (Ascot, 1933-1939); 4XF Townsville (Hermit Park, 1947-1948); 4XF Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1960); 3AEN Bendigo (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1146, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 1083, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ascot, Qld, 1936); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business manager (New Farm, Qld, 1954); manager (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); sales manager (Warwick, Qld, 1963); no occupation (Townsville, Qld, 1963); sales executive (Petersham, NSW, 1972)
===''MANUEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Thomas Manuel|Manuel, Robert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5S-3R5] - 1910(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5RT Adelaide (Prospect, 1932-1939, 1947-1960; Beefacres, 1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1052, 1932, SA; BOCP 1310, 1953; 2COCP 1279, 1953; 1COCP 1688, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARCONI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi|Marconi, Guglielmo Giovanni Maria]] - 1874(Italy)-1937(Italy) - Inventor, electrical engineer, entrepreneur, businessman; pioneer of long distance radio transmission, widely credited as the inventor of radio; shared 1909 Nobel prize for physics for contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy 
===''MARCUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eugen Gerald Marcuse|Marcuse, Eugen Gerald &quot;Gerald&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9C3M-X1G] - 1886(Eng)-1961(Eng) - Licences: G2NM England - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer

===''MARKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Sydney Marks|Marks, Joseph Sydney or Sydney Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQG4-X1G] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Receive Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922); 2GR Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio trader (Electricity House, Marks' Radio Company); electrician; police officer; sued by 2BL for non-payment of fees in 1924 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rose Bay, 1930-1949)

===''MARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric William Marley|Marley, Cedric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVF2-DJ4] - 1918(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4CJ Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1938-1939; Graceville, 1947; Kalinga, 1948); 4CJ Rockhampton (1954-1956); 4CJ South Mackay (1960); 9CJ Port Moresby (1965); Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2079, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); broadcast technician (PMG, ABC); WW2 (RAN, telegraphist); federal public servant (PMG, ABC) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Kalinga, Qld, 1949; Rockhampton, Qld, 1954); broadcast technician (Mackay, Qld, 1958; Bucasia, Mackay, Qld, 1958; Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''MARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Clanan Marr|Marr, Charles William Clanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M8V-QQM] - 1880(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: MHR (Forrest, 1929); director (Crows Nest, NSW, 1933); company director (Wollstonecraft, 1933-1935); director (Crows Nest, 1935); company director (Pymble, 1937-1943; Killara, 1943-1949; Pymble, 1954-1958)

===''MARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Burton Mars|Mars, Ernest Burton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VJ-GWR] - 1907(SA)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Unley, 1923-1924); 4EM Charleville (1930-1933); 2EM Dubbo (1934-1936); 4EM Charleville (1937-1939, 1946-1947); 2GE Moree (1948); 4EM Emerald (1954-1955); 4EM Charleville (1956); 4EM Longreach (1960); 4EM Currumbin (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 686, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 23, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Dubbo, 1935); bank official (Charleville, 1937-1943; Wagga Wagga, 1949); bank clerk (Moree, 1949); bank manager (Commonwealth Bank Emerald, 1954; Commonwealth Bank, Charleville, 1958; Longreach, 1963); retired (Currumbin, 1968; Palm Beach, Qld, 1977-1980) - established 4VL Charleville commercial

===''MARSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Marsden|Marsden, Robert Cecil &quot;Cecil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92N-W62] - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Sydney, 1909; 2JM Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922); 2JM Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1923-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1925-1926; Edgecliff, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW, local NSW clubs) - Relationships: Father of 2VV-2FV Robert Morris Marsden - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Woolahra, 1930; Epping, 1930-1958); manager (Castlecrag, 1958-1968)
* [[/Robert Morris Marsden|Marsden, Robert Morris]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX1-VPG] - 1916(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2VV Sydney (Kingsford, 1958-1969); 2FV Tuross Heads (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 226, 1956; AOCP 3627, 1957, NSW - amateur operator; WW2 (RAAF) - Relationships: Son of 2JM Robert Cecil Marsden - Electoral Rolls: taxi proprietor (Bondi Beach, 1949; Kingsford, 1958-1972); retired (Tuross Heads, 1972-1980)
===''MARSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Westport Marsh|Marsh, Sydney or Sidney Westport]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFLN-PKM] - 1889(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK West Wallsend (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ladysmith, 1913); fitter (West Wallsend, 1930-1937)
===''MARSHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archie Francis Marshall|Marshall, Archie Francis &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37M-W83] - 1907(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4AF Clifton (1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 438, 1928, No. 48 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (blacksmith, fitter/turner) - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith (Clifton, 1930-1980)
* [[/Herbert Anthony Marshall|Marshall, Herbert Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJR-P3P] - 1888(India)-1948(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Port Pirie, 1910; 2HM Armidale (1924-1926); 2HM Sydney (Bondi, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 115, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 48, 1931 - Comment: proud of his initials &quot;H.A.M.&quot;, early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Relationships: his daughter Denise Chalmers Marshall frequently on air over 2HM - TroveTag: &quot;2HM - Herbert Anthony Marshall&quot; - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Bondi, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1934-1943)
* [[/Mary Austine Marshall|Henry nee Marshall, Mary Austine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-GR6] - 1913(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3YL Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1930-1939, 1946-1956; East Malvern, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 619, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Oakleigh, 1936-1937); no occupation (Oakleigh, 1942-1954); home duties (Oakleigh, 1958-1980) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Vaughan Edward Marshall|Marshall, Vaughan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86T-KNY] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3UK Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1933; Kew, 1937-1939, 1946-1969; Mt Eliza, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 603, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Kew, 1936); tea specialist (Kew, 1937-1968); retired (Mt Eliza, 1977-1980)

===''MARSLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Bruce Marsland|Marsland, Benjamin Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-X47] - 1906(Qld)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 4DX Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928); teller (Normanton, Qld, 1930); bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931; Malanda, Qld, 1932); no occupation (Annerley, Qld, 1943)

===''MARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Thomas Marston|Marston, James Thomas &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKDX-19C] - 1920(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Belmont, 1948; Morningside, 1954); 4JA Toowoomba (1955-1956); 4JA Brisbane (Boondall, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2655, 1948, Qld - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943); engineer (Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); technician (Boondall, Qld, 1963-1972)
* [[/W. L. Marston|Marston, W. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Martin|Martin, James Frederick]] - 1909(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3MJ Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1927-1933); 3JM Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 340, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1936); traveller (North Fitzroy, 1949; Heidelberg, 1954-1963); sales director (Doncaster, 1967); sales (Noble Park, 1972)
* [[/John Michael Martin|Martin, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX79-GWZ] - 1886(Irl)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 146, 1915; 1COCP 58, 1935 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Comment: several contemporaneous JMMs - Electoral Rolls: Ancestry 299 hits  too be sifted
* [[/John Robert Martin|Martin, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWFG-HMM] - 1919(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4MX Cunnamulla (1937-1939); 4MX Toowoomba (1946-1954); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1955-1960); 4MX Julia Creek (1965-1969); 4MX Finch Hatton (1975); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1933, 1937, Qld; BOCP 147, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); business proprietor (radio service); Presbyterian minister - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949-1954); radio technician (Gaythorne, Qld, 1958; Kingaroy, Qld, 1963); missionary (Blackall, Qld, 1972; Gaythorne, Qld, 1972); minister of religion (Enoggera, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Malcolm Martin|Martin, Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-PG7] - 1903(UK)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4KY Ipswich (1933-1939); 4KY Brisbane (Sandgate, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1110, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: carriage trimmer (Woodend, Qld, 1925-1937; Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Silas Martin|Martin, Silas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXMT-6WS] - 1874(NSW)-1945(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Perth, 1903-1906; East Perth, 1912-1914); mechanic (Rockhampton, 1917-1921); radio mechanic (Cooktown, 1925; Beam Wireless Station, Ballan, 1928-1943); mechanic (Marrickville, NSW, 1943)
* [[/Walter J. Martin|Martin, Walter J.]] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 1, 1914, No. 1 in Aus and Vic, Marconi &amp; Telefunken) - coastal station operator?
* [[/William Anthony Martin|Martin, William Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-KPZ] - 1911(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WM Hobart (West Hobart, 1929-1931); 7WM Gawler (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 497, 1929, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 70, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous William Anthony Martin's

===''MASHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Wilfred Mashman|Mashman, Lionel Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6K-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2OB Receive Sydney (Bexley, 1923-1924), 2OB Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 84, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''MASTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Harold Masters|Masters, Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPY] - 1875(Vic)-1951(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed); vice president WIA Launceston 1920s; later prominent architect - Relationships: brother of 7MM William Edward Masters - Electoral Rolls: architect (Launceston, 1928-1949)
* [[/Brian Jermyn Masters|Masters, Brian Jermyn &quot;Jermyn&quot;]] - 1891(Vic)-1950(NZ) - 3LM Receive Melbourne (Armadale, 1923), 3LM Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925), amateur operator (pre-AOCP; no record found of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, operated his station both individually and on behalf WIA Malvern
* [[/William Edward Masters|Masters, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPW] - 1873(Vic)-1952(Tas) - Licences: 7MM Hobart (Bellerive 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1066, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; solicitor - Relationships: brother of Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot; Masters - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Bellerive, 1914-1949) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27111852 Obituary]

===''MATCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Kenneth Lyle Matchett|Matchett, John Kenneth Lyle &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1L-SCZ] - 1921(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Licences: 3TL Melbourne (Box Hill, 1960; Templestowe, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3700, 1958, Vic - amateur operator, WW2, member Old Timer's Club - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949); teacher (Bayswater, 1954); lecturer (Templestowe, 1963-1980) - curator of the WIA QSL card collection for many years; personally acquired a large collection of Australian amateur QSL cards which were donated to the WIA collection on his passing, many thousands of QSLs provided by Wolf Harranth of Dokufunk on an exchange basis
===''MATHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Stewart Mather|Mather, Alexander Stewart &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTL-WWC] - 1909(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2JZ Singleton (1929-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 479, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 89, 1932; TVOCP 273, 1960 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cordial manufacturer (Singleton, 1930-1968)
===''MATHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campion Mathews|Mathews, John Campion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-46V] - 1912(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3SY Geelong (Newtown, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+); 3JM Portable Geelong (Newtown, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 709, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Newtown, 1934-1968); operator (Newtown, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Mathews|Mathews, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82Z-KX2] - 1914(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4EE Rockhampton (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1414, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MATTHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Thomas Matthews|Matthews, Fred or Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-22K] - 1904(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4FK Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); business proprietor (Matthews Fire Alarm Co) - Awards: OBE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Merthyr, 1925-1958); engineer (New Farm, 1963-1980)
* [[/John Leigh Inglis Matthews|Matthews, John Leigh Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKN-159] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJD Melbourne (Richmond, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Richmond, 1913-1919)
* [[/Kenneth Morgan Matthews|Matthews, Kenneth Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-R2W] - 1911(SA)-2009(SA)98yo - Licences: 5GN Adelaide (Malvern, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1732, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Malvern, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/551921 VWMA]
* [[/V. J. Matthews|Matthews, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AQ Perth (Bayswater, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Stott's College (Principal, early 1920s) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified, WA till about 1925, Victoria late 1920s
* [[/Walter John Penrose Matthews|Matthews, Walter John Penrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5TS-HZN] - 1880(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5BS Receive Murray Bridge (1922); Receive Murray Bridge (1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: lifter SA Railways (Tailem Bend, SA, 1939-1943)

===''MAUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Mauger|Mauger, Samuel &quot;Sam&quot;]] - 1857(Vic)-1936(Vic) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1908)
===''MAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Maughan|Maughan, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-BJW] - 1903(WA)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3HH Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1922); 3HH Melbourne (Malvern, 1923-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 14, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 82, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Malvern East, 1925-1954)

===''MAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Mawson|Mawson, Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3H-42N] - 1882(Eng)-1958(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Head Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914) - Electoral Rolls: [[w:Douglas Mawson|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mawson-sir-douglas-7531 ADB]
* [[/Ernest Richard Mawson|Mawson, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2W9T-NJN] - 1861(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Sydney (Campsie, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Parramatta, 1903); no occupation (Dee Why, 1930-1933; Harbord, 1934-1936; Manly, 1937-1943)

===''MAXWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alston Maxwell|Maxwell, Ronald Alston]] - 1908(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2KS Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 656, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Randwick, 1933; Liverpool, 1934-1935; Croydon, 1936-1937); clerk (Caringbah, 1949)

===''MAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank May|May, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-CXP] - 1878(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6FM Dwellingup (1929-1931); 6FM Gnowangerup (1933); 6FM Esperance (1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 139, 1915; AOCP 560, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: stationmaster (Gnowangerup, 1931; Esperance, 1936-1937; Armadale, 1943; Collie, 1949)
===''MAYGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Hubert Mayger|Mayger, Neil Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F7-J2D] - 1890(Vic)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1930); sales (Darlinghurst, 1937); salesman (East Sydney, 1937); Sales (Darlinghurst, 1943)

===''MCATEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McAteer|McAteer, Brother Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKT-JWB] - 1881(NZ)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Receive Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1923); 5AQ Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCAULEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Money McAuley|McAuley, William John Money &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKH-Z5Y] - 1909(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3WM Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 221, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: jackaroo (Nyngan, 1930); grazier (Womboota, 1937-1943)

===''MCBRIDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander James McBride|McBride, Alexander James]] - 1914(Qld)-1993(Qld) - 4BR Brisbane (Wilston, 1939, 1947-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 2320, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), business (radio repair)

===''MCCABE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Bernard McCabe|McCabe, William Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ1C-FN2] - 1864(Irl)-1938(WA) - Licences: 7AQ Clarence Point (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (St Kilda, Vic, 1912; Balaclava, 1913-1914; Elsternwick, 1915-1921; Caulfield, 1924); orchardist (Clarence Point, 1922-1928); civil engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1937)
===''MCCALMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Colin McCalman|McCalman, Maxwell Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-V77] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 3KX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 142, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, musician (1934), engineer (1943-1963)
===''MCCANDLISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack McCandlish|McCandlish, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-TJC] - 1915(Eng)-1943(Ins) - Licences: 3HN Sea Lake (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1468, 1935, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Sergeant, Commando, 1943) - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Sea Lake, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1685215]
===''MCCARTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Keith McCarthy|McCarthy, John Keith &quot;Keith / Macca&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1998(Qld) - 3FX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1932-1933), 2IM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1934), 2VM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1935), 3FX Melbourne (Hampton, 1937; Ascot Vale, 1938-1939; City, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1954-1956), 9AR On board yacht Pandemonium (1969),  P29AR/MM On board yacht Pandemonium (1975), 4DU Beenleigh (1980), 4PY Surfers Paradise (1980), amateur operator (AOCP 1036, 1932, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, state public servant (Vic Railways, telegraphist), military (RAAF, DFC, AFM, AE)
===''MCCULLAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Austral McCullagh|McCullagh, Alexander Austral]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNN-V7Y] - 1897(Qld)-1981(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Home Hill, 1923); 2RR Sydney (Balgowlah, 1965-1969); 9NI Norfolk Island (1975) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2977, 1959; AOLCP 754, 1959; AOCP 4229, 1964, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Sandgate, Qld, 1919); chemist (Inkerman Mill, Qld, 1922); engineer (Bondi North, NSW, 1930; Abbotsford, NSW, 1932-1933; Edgecliff, NSW, 1933; Burwood, NSW, 1934-1936); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949-1963); retired (Green Point, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''MCCULLOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Robert McCulloch|McCulloch, George Robert]] - 1907(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3XM Receive Ballarat (1923-1924), 3GM Ballarat (1925-1939, 1946-1965+), amateur operator (AOCP 198, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968)

===''MCDERMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Westall McDermott|McDermott, James Westall &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-PY2] - 1913(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JM Brisbane (1930) &amp; Nambour (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 711, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4RM Robert Ernest McDermott; son of 4WP Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1949); radio engineer (Nambour, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Robert Ernest McDermott|McDermott, Robert Ernest &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW8-QJ5]  - 1917(Qld)-2006(Qld) - Licences: 4RM Nambour (1938-1939); 4RM Brisbane (Ekibin, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2223, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); business proprietor (radio/TV retail, Ekibin) - Relationships: brother of James Westall McDermott; son of Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, 1943; Ekibin, 1949-1968); TV engineer (Tewantin, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Westall Samuel McDermott|McDermott, Westall Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-2SQ] - 1889(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4WP Nambour (1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2087, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of James Westall McDermott &amp; Robert Ernest McDermott - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Hendon, Qld, 1916-1917; Sandgate, Qld, 1921; Glen Eagle, Qld, 1925-1928; Rosemount, Qld, 1934; Nambour, Qld, 1937-1958); retired (Nambour, Qld, 1963)

===''MCDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
SEE ALSO MACDONALD
* [[/Arthur Stephen McDonald|McDonald, Arthur Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36J-ZLJ] - 1891(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 700, 1922 - broadcast engineer (PMGD, RANRS, AWA); professional society administrator (IEA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1913; St Kilda, Vic, 1916-1924; Vaucluse, NSW, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1936); engineer (Edgecliff, 1943; Double Bay, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdonald-arthur-stephen-7333 ADB]; [https://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P001299b.htm Bright Sparks]
* [[/Colin McDonald|McDonald, Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-SCG] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Rockhampton (1935-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1440, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1958); accountant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1968-1972)
* [[/Donald McDonald|McDonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)?
* [[/Donald Munro McDonald|McDonald, Donald Munro]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Yarraville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Comment: Several contemporaneous DMMs
* [[/John McDonald|McDonald, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-WJR] - 1894(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 137, 1915; CPRT 190, 1916 (replacement?) - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMcD - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified; Ancestry.com 1000s of hits to be sifted
* [[/Wilfred Neville McDonald|McDonald, Wilfred Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-DB1] - 1914(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Parramatta, 1935-1936); 4ZT Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1937; New Farm, 1938-1939; Annerley, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1412, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Granville, NSW, 1936); radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Annerley, Qld, 1949); electrical engineer (Tennyson, Qld, 1954-1963); manager (Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''MCDONOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard McDonough|McDonough, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQX-NXY] - 1875(Wales)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920) - Electoral Rolls: Royal Navy (Newport, Vic, 1914-1915); Royal Australian Navy (Yarraville, Vic, 1917-1919); hotel proprietor (West Maitland, 1930-1935); retired (Wickham, 1937)

===''MCDOWALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine McDowall|McDowall, Valentine &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M14R-SPG] - 1881(Qld)-1957(Qld) - 4CN Receive Brisbane (1922); 4CM Brisbane (City, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radiographer; WW2 - 4CM operator primarily Thomas Murray Browse Elliott after about 1925 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Laidley, 1906-1914; Clayfield, 1919; Ascot, 1934-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdowall-valentine-7349 ADB]
===''MCDOWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Daniel McDowell|McDowell, John Edward Daniel or John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX86-J52] - 1914(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Ascot, 1937-1939); 4CX Gladstone (1947-1965); 4CX Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1873, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Ascot, Qld, 1937); chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1943-1949); industrial chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1954-1963); chemistry instructor (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''MCELWEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Johnston McElwee|McElwee, George Johnston]] - 1879(Tas)-1981(Tas) - involved with Launceston Radio Clubs searching for the roar

===''MCGARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Ignatius McGarry|McGarry, Lloyd Ignatius]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GT-4PR] - 1919(NSW)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4XY Roma (1937-1939); 4XY Rockhampton (1947); 4XY Brisbane (Taringa, 1948; Coorparoo, 1954-1956); 2ALM Sydney (Lakemba, 1960-1965); 1AM Canberra (Macquarie, 1969-1975); 4ALL Brisbane (Kingston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1943, 1937, Qld; BOCP 139, 1937; 2COCP 607, 1942; 1COCP 1026, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4GR, 4ZR); military (RAAF, WW2, mobile wireless, post WW2 Naval Intelligence); federal public servant (PMGD); scientist (Ionospheric Prediction Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Deagon, Qld, 1949); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1958; Townsville, Qld, 1958)

===''MCGAURAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Duncan James Macfarlane McGauran|McGauran, Duncan James Macfarlane]] - 1849(NZ)-1889(NSW) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria, member; Society of Telegraph Engineers, London, member), employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs; WA Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendant Telegraphs; NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs), patents in Quadraplex Telegraphy, father of Duncan James McGauran (telegraphist, accountant, inventor of a telephone meter)

===''MCGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carney Mitchell McGee|McGee, Carney Mitchell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-9LF] - 1910(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 5LX Adelaide (Mile End, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 676, 1930, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 52, 1936; 1COCP 210, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (North Unley, SA, 1939); assistant radio inspector (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1943); radio inspector (Kensington, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Como, 1980)
===''MCGEOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Samuel McGeoch|McGeoch, William Leslie Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVNY-SDX] - 1912(WA)-2007(WA) - Licences: 6WL Brookton (1935-1939, 1947-1956); 6WL Bunbury (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1442, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Brookton, WA, 1936-1943); radio service (Brookton, WA, 1958); electrician (Carey Park, WA, 1968-1980)

===''MCGOWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Walker McGowan|McGowan, Samuel Walker]] - 1829(Irl)-1887(Vic) - Vic Posts and Telegraphs (Superintendent Telegraphs), successfully tendered for the first Australian electric telegraph 1854 (Melbourne to Williamstown) then appointed to the public service to operate and maintain it, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria)

===''MCGRATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Philip McGrath|McGrath, Edward Philip &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW87-9K5] - 1906(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5MO Adelaide (Parkside, 1933-1939; West Mitcham, 1947-1965; Aldgate, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1175, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Parkside, SA, 1939)
* [[/Francis Thomas McGrath|McGrath, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-HRN] - 1891(Tas)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 87, 1915; 1COCP 45, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Moonah, Tas, 1919); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1922); engineer (Eagle Junction, 1925); telegraphist (South Yarra, 1926-1927); supervisor (Caulfield, Vic, 1928-1934; Camberwell, Vic, 1936)

===''MCGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aenas McGregor|McGregor, Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WT] - 1865(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: XJEA Melbourne (Armadale, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: father of 3ZE Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Armadale, 1919; Toorak, 1928-1936)
* [[/Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor|McGregor, Keith Wilfred Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WQ] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ZE Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1924; Toorak, 1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 52, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XJEA Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toorak, 1925-1928)

===''MCGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Patrick Holman McGuire|McGuire, Leo Patrick Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HK-B2T] - 1906(NSW)-2001(WA) - Licences: 3KM Myrtleford (1929-1937); 3KM Corryong (1938-1939); 6MG Manjimup (1947-1969); 6MG Perth (Thornlie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 488, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Wangaratta, 1928); picture proprietor (Albury, 1931); postal employee (Myrtleford, 1936-1937); postal clerk (Mt Magnet, 1943; Manjimup, 1949); radio mechanic (Manjimup, 1954-1972); retired (Thornlie, 1977-1980)
===''MCHUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles McHugh|McHugh, William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-V5Z] - 1914(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KA or 6KD Perth (Guildford, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1766, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Guildford, WA, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Belmont, WA, 1949; North Perth, WA, 1954); mechanic (Cottesloe, WA, 1954; Mt Pleasant, WA, 1963-1972)

===''MCINTOSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John James McIntosh|McIntosh, Stanley John James &quot;Stan&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-C5P] - 1913(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4PK Ipswich (Woodend, 1931-1939); 4PK Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 730, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (workshop foreman); business proprietor (electrical engineering) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Woodend, Qld, 1934-1937; Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''MCINTYRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel George McIntyre|McIntyre, Daniel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTNG-PHV] - 1901(???)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2VX Receive Sydney (Pymble, 1923); 2VX Sydney (Pymble, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1958); radio retailer (Pymble, 1963)

===''MCKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander John McKenzie|McKenzie, Alexander John]] - 1905(???)-19??(???) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''MCKEOWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* McKenzie, Florence Violet  (married name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)
* [[/Allan McIllroy McKeown|McKeown, Allan McIllroy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L69J-SFC] - 1904(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3YZ Melbourne (Alphington, 1924-1927); 3YZ Geelong (1931); 3YZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1933-1939, 1946-1969); 3YZ Ocean Grove (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 51, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 42, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1936-1954; Alphington, 1968); nil (Ocean Grove, 1972-1977)
===''MCKINLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Harold McKinley|McKinley, Norman Harold &quot;Shorty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWGP-TLC] - 1913(???)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 969, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Milton, Qld, 1949-1972); driver (Paddington, Qld, 1980)

===''MCLAUCHLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles David McLauchlan|McLauchlan, Charles David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYL6-PYY] - 1876(Vic)-1943(Vic) - 6BW Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923), 6BW Perth (Victoria Park, 1924-1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Eucla, 1906; Perth, 1910-1916), telegraph engineer (Victoria Park, 1925), superintendent telegraphs (South Yarra, 1931; Camberwell, 1937-1943)

===''MCLEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Campbell McLean|McLean, Stewart Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86G-PMR] - 1910(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3GK Melbourne (Yarraville, 1930-1933; Brunswick, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; Caulfield, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 601, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 65, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarraville, 1931-1936); nil (Elsternwick, 1954); engineer (Caulfield, 1958-1980)

===''MCLENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth McLennan|McLennan, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9H-B4N] - 1892(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 124, 1915; 2COCP 185, 1930; 1COCP 238, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous KMcLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCLEOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander McLeod|McLeod, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMKJ-L25] - 1972(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4CF Receive Brisbane (Red Hill, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Red Hill, 1903-1905); pastrycook (Red Hill, 1908-1926; Mt Bruce, 1929-1943)
* [[/Gordon Stuart McLeod|McLeod, Gordon Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-38Y] - 1912(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 3ZZ Geelong (West Geelong, 1930-1931; Newtown, 1933; Crib Point, 1937; Wallington, 1938); 2ADC Sydney (Sans Souci, 1939; Hurstville, 1946-1947; Beverley Hills, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 707, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: RAN (Crib Point, Viv, 1937); petty officer RAN (Hurstville, 1943); clerk (Beverly Hills, 1949-1963)
* [[/Norman McLeod|McLeod, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86P-8F2] - 1901(Vic)-1995(Vic) - Licences: 3NM Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 602, 19??, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Caulfield, 1937-1968)

===''MCLOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. C. McLoughlin|McLoughlin, E. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5KJ Port Lincoln (1928-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MCMAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Hanney McMahon|McMahon, Leo Hanney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD8-XQH] - 1914(Qld)-1992(NSW) - 4LM Brisbane (Toombul, 1933-1938); 2ALM Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1939); 2AC Sydney (Kingsford, 1946-1950; Randwick, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1104, 1933, Qld) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, AMC); occupation (doctor) - Electoral Rolls: student (Camperdown, NSW, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Kingsford, NSW, 1949; Randwick, NSW, 1954-1980)

===''MCMASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John McMaster|McMaster, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls:

===''MCMATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph McMath|McMath, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KG-ZK2] - 1910(Vic)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 3JJ Melbourne (Albert Park, 1927-1939; South Melbourne, 1946-1960; Elwood, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 351, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albert Park, 1931-1937); manager (St Kilda, 1949-1954); retired (Brighton, 1963-1968; Black Rock, 1972-1977)

===''MCMURTRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Adam McMurtrie|McMurtrie, Sydney Adam or Adam Sydney &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQM-DQW] - 1908(NSW)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4JR Booval (1929-1933); 2AFX Lismore (1937-1939); 4KT Gympie (1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 491, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Gympie, 1936); radio salesman (Lismore, 1937); telephone mechanic (Gympie, 1943-1980)
===''MCNALTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McNalty|McNalty, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXW-67M] - 1901(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DZ Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Mackay, Qld, 1930-1943); public servant (Fairfield, Qld, 1949); clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1954); telegraphist (St Lucia, Qld, 1958)

===''MCNICOL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Edgar McNicol|McNicol, Robert William Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-6NN] - 1917(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4WM Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1680, 1936, Qld; BOCP 57, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Teneriffe, Qld, 1943); university lecturer (Tarragindi, Qld, 1954-1972)

===''MCPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Thomas McPherson|McPherson, Colin Thomas or Thomas Collins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-HST] - 1897(Vic)-1951(Vic) - Licences: 3LU Melbourne (Footscray, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 523, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Footscray, 1919); storeman (Footscray, 1922-1942)
* [[/Murdoch John McPherson|McPherson, Murdoch or Murdock John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/27D9-9TB] - 1904(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4MC Merinda (1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 916, 1926; 2COCP 58, 1929; 1COCP 161, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Merinda, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1929); clerk (Mt Coolah, NSW, 1968)

===''MEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Mead|Mead, Jack]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-ZSH] - 1915(WA)-2009(WA) - Licences: 6LJ Perth (East Victoria Park, 1931-1939; Wembley, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 803, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 168, 1934; 1COCP 289, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Victoria Park, WA, 1937); mechanic (Wembley, WA, 1943-1980)
* [[/Jordan Arthur Mead|Mead, Jordan Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTJF-1KH] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1924), 2JA Sydney (Ashfield, 1925-1928), 2JA Byron Bay (1929-1930), 2AJA Sydney (Ashfield, 1946; Bexley, 1947-1957), 2JM Sydney (Bexley, 1958-1980), qualifications (AOCP 212, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: telephone mechanic (Byron Bay, 1930; Ashfield, 1931-1943), power technician (Bexley, 1949-1968), electrical field officer (Bexley, 1972-1980)

===''MEADOWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Meadows|Meadows, Robert Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-ZRK] - 1907(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 4RM Mackay (1932-1939);  2ARM Sydney (Kirribilli, 1946-1948); 2IN Sydney (Rhodes, 1956-1958; Chiswick, 1960; Long Jetty, 1961; Killarney Vale, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 879, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (Pems Radio, Rockhampton); journalist (Minchens Electrical Weekly); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: reporter (Crows Nest, NSW, 1930); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1932); radiotrician (Mackay, 1934-1937); wireless instructor (Kirribilli, NSW, 1943); manager (Rhodes, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Five Dock, NSW, 1958; Killarney Vale, NSW, 1963)

===''MEDHURST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Edney Medhurst|Medhurst, Edgar Edney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-WFC] - 1902(Tas)-1966(Vic) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Frederick William Medhurst|Medhurst, Frederick William &quot;Pop&quot; (in latter years)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4GS-R6P] - 1868(Eng)-1969(Tas) 101yo - Licences: XZD Hobart (1913-1914); 7AH Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923); 7AH Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1924-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter from 1901; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business (Medhurst &amp; Sons, 1920s) - Relationships: father of  Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst, all in the business and interested in radio
* [[/Harry Frederick Medhurst|Medhurst, Harry Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-QZV] - 1893(Tas)-1963(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Phillip Aubrey Medhurst|Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-DFX] - 1895(Tas)-1969(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Rowland Arthur Medhurst|Medhurst, Rowland Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-ZT4] - 1892(Tas)-1969(Tas) - early wireless experimenter, lecturing on wireless 1911, never licensed, likely utilised licence of XZD-7AH (father), son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst
===''MEDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel James Clifford Medlin|Medlin, Noel James Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MB-743] - 1917(Vic)-2004(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (ABCB), federal public servant (ABCB), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1943; St Kilda, 1949; Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Inverloch, 1980) - father of AM directional antennas in Australia

===''MENON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Menon|Menon, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4F-3CQ] - 1905(SA)-1969(NSW) - 3OG Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3OG Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1927), 2OG Sydney (Haberfield, 1928; Croydon, 1929-1931), 3OG Melbourne (East Kew, 1933), 2OG Sydney (Northbridge, 1934-1935; Chatswood, 1936-1937; Longueville, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Pymble, 1950; West Pennant Hills, 1954-1965; Arcadia, 1969), amateur operator (AOCP 209, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (St Kilda West, 1926-1927), radio engineer (Coburg, 1931), engineer (Kew, 1934), radio engineer (Chatswood, 1937; Longueville, 1943), engineer (Baulkham Hills, 1954-1958; Arcadia, 1968)

===''MERCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie George Merchin|Merchin, Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTLT-SSF] - 1917(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ML Richmond (1934-1939); 4MG Richmond (1948); 4MG Killarney (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1399, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: garage proprietor (Richmond, Qld, 1943-1949); motor mechanic (Killarney, Qld, 1954-1968; Rockhampton North, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MEREDITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement George Benger Meredith|Meredith, Clement George Benger]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZJD-6S6] - 1885(WA)-1959(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 15, 1914 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1916); officer-in-charge wireless (Geraldton, WA, 1916-1917)
* [[/Llewellyn Lennon Meredith|Meredith, Llewellyn Lennon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8W-LV7] - 1885(Eng)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 246, 1916 - ship wireless officer, AWA (traffic manager) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_04_04#P.22_-_Obituary_-_Mr._L._L._Meredith|Obit]]
===''MESSENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Albert Messenger|Messenger, Percival Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRP-BS1] - 1892(SA)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 5PM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 70, 1915 (Marconi); CPRT 152, 1915 (Balsillie) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manager (Randwick, NSW, 1936; Coogee, NSW, 1943-1958; Randwick, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''MICHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Ernest Henderson Michell|Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQNQ-T5H] - 1897(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3JP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3JP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1931; Elsternwick, 1933); 3JP Hamilton (1937-1939); 3AEM Hamilton (1960-1969); 3JX Hamilton (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 162, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator of 3LR Elsternwick Radio Club (1925); WW1; land officer (Hamilton, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Balaclava, 1919-1921); draftsman (Caulfield, 1922); land officer (Hamilton, 1936-1980)

===''MILBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Leslie Milburn|Milburn, Henry Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-8VJ] - 1890(Vic)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Home Hill (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowong, 1919); electrical engineer (Home Hill, 1922-1925; Stanthorpe, 1934-1949) - Halcyon: not mentioned?

===''MILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Thomas Miles|Miles, Gilbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19Y-X19] - 1904(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7KQ Hobart (Bellerive, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 106, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Glen Iris, Vic, 1931); engineer (Elsternwick, 1936); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943-1972); engineer (Croydon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Harry Raymond Miles|Miles, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NJ-DQ2] - 1911(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1933); 6XL Wiluna (1937); 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 645, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wiluna Gold Mines, WA, 1936; Mt Beauty, Vic, 1954); poultry farmer (Balga, WA, 1958-1972); farmer (Wanneroo, WA, 1977-1980)

===''MILLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roydon Arthur Milledge|Milledge, Roydon Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMJY-3DW] - 1903(Vic)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 3WT Shepparton (1936-1937); 7WT Hobart (1938-1939); 7WT Ulverstone (1947-1948+); 7WT Hobart (1956-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1693, 1936, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; bank clerk 1931; Civil Engineer 1950s - Electoral Rolls: assistant engineer (State Savings Bank, Auburn, 1927); engineer (Glenhuntley, 1931-1934); civil engineer (Shepparton, 1936)
===''MILLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dunlop Millen|Millen, John Dunlop]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC9X-S4W] - 1877(Irl)-1941(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; senator - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Waratah, 1914-1919; Newstead, 1922-1937)
===''MILLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alexander Miller|Miller, Charles Alexander &quot;Charlie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-YRR] - 1915(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4US Brisbane (New Farm, 1933-1936); 2ADE Casino (1935-1939, 1946-1961); 4QM Caloundra (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1208, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang, military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Casino, 1943-1963); army officer (Ipswich, 1963); retired (Shelley Beach, 1968-1972; Caloundra, 1977-1980)
* [[/Charles Harcourt Miller|Miller, Charles Harcourt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-9QY] - 1921(Tas)-2001(Tas) - Licences: 7CM Hobart (Bellerive, 1936-1939; Taroona, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1799, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Bellerive, 1943)
* [[/Francis George Miller|Miller, Francis George &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-LHT] - 1895(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BF Mt Gambier (1923-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 185, 1925, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 58, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; founder of commercial station 5MU Murray Bridge; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Murray Bridge, 1939-1943) [https://www.qsl.net/vk5br/FrankMiller.pdf Biography]
* [[/Frank Colin Miller|Miller, Frank Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9C-86L] - 1884(Eng)-1953(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 126, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engine operator (Radio Station, Roebourne, 1916-1917); station hand (Marron Station, 1918; Carnarvon, 1921; Mallina, 1922-1925); contractor (Roebourne, 1930-1936; Karratha Station, 1937); labourer (Roebourne, 1943); cook (Wittenoom Gorge, 1949)
* [[/H. Miller|Miller, H.]] - 19??-19?? - 4EH Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1924); 2EH Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1925-1928) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert Edward Miller|Miller, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-XMX] - 1899(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HE Sydney (Belmore, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 932, 1926; 2COCP 329, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Campsie, 1930; Belmore, 1932-1943); miner (Glen Davis, 1943)
* [[/Herbert Leslie Miller|Miller, Herbert Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-7LH] - 1897(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4CA Receive Brisbane (West End, 1922); 4HL Brisbane (Hill End, 1927) - Qualifications: CPRT 330, 1917; 2COCP 329, 1940; 1COCP 483, 1940s; BOCP 370, 1941 - ship wireless officer (RMS Bingera, 1920); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (J. B. Chandler, 1924; Overells, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (West End, 1921); salesman (West End, 1925); manager (Coorparoo, 1928); salesman (Coorparoo, 1937-1954); clerk (Camp Hill, 1958-1963)

===''MILLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hugh Milligan|Milligan, Stanley Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2CB1-L7Y] - 1901(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3AU Receive Geelong (1922-1923); 3AU Geelong (1924); 3AU Eaglehawk (1924-1926); 3AU Chilwell (1927-1931); 3AU Geelong (1937-1939); 3AU Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1947; Auburn, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 125, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 164, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Eaglehawk, 1924-1926; Geelong West, 1924); radio mechanic (Chilwell, 1927-1931); watchman (Geelong West, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Hawthorn, 1949); engineer (Canterbury, 1954-1968); nil (Doncaster, 1972)
===''MILLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Griffiths John Mills|Mills, Griffiths John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CK Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Subiaco, 1929-1931)
* [[/Norman Gibson Mills|Mills, Norman Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9415-SSS] - 1890(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 4NM Brisbane (Moorooka, 1938-1939, 1947-1956; Margate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, Qld, 1919); contractor (Moorooka, Qld, 1921-1954); retired (Margate, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Ralph Mervyn Mills|Mills, Ralph Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JD-GST] - 1909(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MM Sydney (Balmain, 1930-1934; Canterbury, 1935-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 660, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Balmain, 1931-1937); engineer (Pymble, 1949-1977; West Pymble, 1980)

===''MILNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Brough Milne|Milne, Andrew Brough]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KXN-QZV] - 1890(South Africa)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Dealer Mackay (1926-1927) - Qualifications: 3COCP 3492, 1961 - dealer licence - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Mackay, 1915-1943); mechanical engineer (North Mackay, 1949-1977)
* [[/John Collicott Milne|Milne, John Collicott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP34-518] - 1903(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7AG Gretna (1923-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 604, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Gretna, 1928-1980)
* [[/James Milner|Milner, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXH-1DM] - 1901(Eng)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4AK Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1923-1927; Ashgrove, 1931-1936); 4AU Brisbane (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 93, 1925, No. 11 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (prominent from Valley Theatre) - Withdrawal: 4AK amateur callsign withdrawn by the PMGD for allocation to the new 4AK Oakey commercial service - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kelvin Grove, 1925-1926); electrical fitter (Ashgrove, 1928-1943)

===''MINCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur W. Minchin|Minchin, Arthur W.]] - 19??-19?? - 4AM Rockhampton - amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4RO Cmcl), wireless retail business proprietor - seems in error, see William Allan Minchin 
* [[/William Allan Minchin|Minchin, William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV7Q-86C] - 1893(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 220, 1916; 2COCP 365, 1931; 1COCP 244, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer operator (Wyndham, 1917); farmer (Toodyay, 1925); radio engineer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943; Lismore, 1949-1954; Hunters Hill, 1958-1968); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1972)

===''MINEHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Minehan|Minehan, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MINGAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Francis Mingay|Mingay, Oswald Francis &quot;Ossie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K45G-NZG] - 1895(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2XX Sydney (Turramurra, 1923-1926; Sydney, 1931-1933) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; journalist; publisher; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Collaroy, 1930); managing editor (Pymble, 1930-1932); radio engineer (Lindfield, 1933-1934); publisher (Lindfield, 1937-1963; St Ives, 1963-1968) - Comment: licensed operator of 2WV Burgin Electric Co. (1923) [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mingay-oswald-francis-ossie-11135 ADB]; [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Mingay.htm MacKinnon]

===''MITCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Theodore Mitchell|Mitchell, Alexander Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-CC2] - 1872(???)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Receive Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Red Hill, Qld, 1921; Torwood, Qld, 1922); electrical engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Wilston, Qld, 1928-1929; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1963)
* [[/Harold Benson Mitchell|Mitchell, Harold Benson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-QN7] - 1901(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3CZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Elwood, 1924-1927); manager (Caulfield, 1937); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1942); manager (Caulfield, 1949); merchant (St Kilda, 1949); manager (St Kilda, 1954)
* Mitchell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; - see Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; (frequent misspelling)
* [[/Stanley John Mitchell|Mitchell, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-Q83] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Monaco) - Licences: 3SJ Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 53, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toorak, 1912-1916; Brighton, 1919-1928); investor (Brighton, 1936-1937) financier (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''MOFFATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert David Gray Moffatt|Moffatt or Moffat or Gray, Robert David Gray &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8V-PM3] - 1911(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RD Mackay (1935-1939); 4RD Gracemere (1947-1948); 4RD Mackay (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1549, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Herberton, Qld, 1936; Mackay, Qld, 1937); mechanic in broadcasting (Gracemere, Qld, 1949); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''MONEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Money|Money, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JD-M9H] - 1907(Vic)-1986(Vic) - 3MY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1939; Upwey, 1946-1948; Cheltenham, 1954-1969; East Bentleigh, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 205, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draughtsman (Camberwell, 1931-1934), engineer (Upwey, 1942-1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1967; East Bentleigh, 1972-1980)

===''MONKHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Isaac Monkhouse|Monkhouse, Walter Isaac]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8ZT-YPN] - 1887(NZL)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio clubs (QWI &amp; WIA Qld, president &amp; lecturer); senior state public servant (Qld Public Works Dept, State Electrical Engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as president WIA Qld)  - Electoral Rolls: telephone instructor (South Brisbane, 1919); engineer (Teneriffe, 1925; New Farm, 1928; Taringa, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Bardon, 1958-1963)
===''MONKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Brendan Monks|Monks, Alfred Brendan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-444] - 1894(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AAB Melbourne (Diamond Creek, 1948; Northcote, 1954-1960; Preston, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 571, 1920; 2COCP 272, 1930; 1COCP 282, 1932 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1915) - Relationships: twin brother of 7BR Cyril Wilson Monks - Electoral Rolls: Western Electric engineer (East Sydney, 1930); licensee Railway Commercial Hotel (Albury, 1931-1932); radio telegraphist (Centennial Park, 1943); radio officer (Reservoir, Vic, 1963; Preston, 1967-1972)
* [[/Cyril Wilson Monks|Monks, Cyril Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-96N] - 1894(Tas)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 7BR Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 225, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1919); WW2 - Relationships: twin brother of 3AAB Alfred Brendan Monks - Electoral Rolls: federal civil servant (Battery Point, 1928); public servant (Bellerive, 1936-1937); radio inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1943; Nedlands, 1949); retired (Frankston, 1972)
===''MONTEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Monteath|Monteath, Frederick]] - 1895(Vic)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 3VM Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1923-1924); 3KP Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 694, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Prahran, 1919; Elsternwick, 1921); mercer (Elsternwick, 1924-1931); photographer (Glenmore, NSW, 1934-1935; Ashfield, 1937); storekeeper (Rockdale, 1943)

===''MOODY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Percy Moody|Moody, Francis Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1D9-KLG] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FM Cairns (1932-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 967, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Rockhampton North, 1925-1926); accountant (Cairns, 1926-1949); radio dealer (Cairns, 1954-1980)

===''MOORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Moore|Moore, Albert Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KW6D-TMT] - 1916(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; NAOCP Q728, 1980, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer; clubs (All-Wave All-World DX Club, Shortwave League of Western Australia, Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia) - QSLs: portion (200+) of later QSL collection survives (ARDXC/NFSA)
* [[/Eric John Theodore Moore|Moore, Eric John Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD91-7LN] - 1894(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEM Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914); Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923); 2EM Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 161, 1915; 2COCP 237, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Awards: UK merchant seaman medal - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bronte, 1934-1937)
* [[/Francis Leonard Moore|Moore, Francis Leonard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1924(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, employment (Archibald John Shaw, Maritime Wireless Co, United Distributors) - Comment: electrocuted while conducting wireless experiments
* [[/Louis James Murphy Moore|Moore, Louis James Murphy &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L45W-GS4] - 1888(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3LO Receive Seymour (1923); 3LO Seymour (1924-1925); 3MS Seymour (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 85, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Clifton Hill, 1909); telegraphist (Collingwood, 1912-1914); wireless operator (Collingwood, 1917-1919); telegraphist (Elsternwick, 1922); clerk (Seymour, 1924-1931; Bentleigh, 1936-1949); guesthouse proprietor (Healesville, 1954); clerk (Oakleigh, 1963-1968) - Withdrawal: Likely 3LO callsign withdrawn for allocation to 3LO Melbourne Class A

===''MOORHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Martin Moorhouse|Moorhouse or Moorehouse, Herbert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJPG-1HL] - 1899(Tas)-1990(WA) - Licences: 7HM Hobart (North Hobart, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart South, 1922); carpenter (New Town, 1928); carrier (Hobart North, 1936); motordriver (Queensborough, 1949)

===''MORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Donald Moran|Moran, Cyril Donald]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast technician at 4QG under Qld Government, state public servant (4QG)

===''MORGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Mowbray Morgan|Morgan, Donald Mowbray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP7-218] - 1907(NSW)-1988(Tas) - Licences: T749 Receive Glebe (1922); Receive Glebe (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Huonville, 1928-1972)
* [[/Ivor Morgan|Morgan, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRSY-S8G] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3DH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1933; Shepparton, 1937; East Malvern 1938-1939; Hawthorn, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 605, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 20, 1936; TVOCP, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1931-1934); engineer (Brighton, 1936); broadcast engineer (3SR Shepparton, 1937); technician (Hawthorn, 1943-1977) - Relationships: Father of 3ZFM V. I. Morgan
* [[/William Albert Morgan|Morgan, William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HVG-8PW] - 1899(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: 7AI Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart West, 1922); electrical fitter (New Town, 1928-1937); fitter (New Town, 1943-1954); manager (Montrose, 1963)

===''MORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. H. Morley|Morley, W. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2WU Sydney (Watersleigh, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John William Morris|Morris, Albert John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-Y2J] - 1873(Tas)-1940(Tas) - Licences: 7BS Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1943)
* [[/Cecil Ralph Newman Morris|Morris, Cecil Ralph Newman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MW-YGT] - 1906(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923); 4CN Brisbane (Rosalie, 1928); 4LW Brisbane (Rosalie, 1929-1933; Ashgrove, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 398, 1928, No. 45 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; technician (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Rosalie, 1928); postal mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1954); supervising technician (Rosalie, 1958-1968)
* [[/Glynn Ian Elliott Morris|Morris, Glynn Ian Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XG-9TS] - 1908(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BZ Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1930-1939; Parkdale, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 621, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1931-1937); mechanic (Mentone, 1943); official (Mentone, 1949-1968); secretary (Mentone, 1972-1980)
* [[/Jack Dudley Morris|Morris, Jack Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2R-NMZ] - 1914(Vic)-1944(At Sea) - Licences: 3LX Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1933, pirate); 3DQ Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1934-1937) - qualifications: AOCP 1244, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (mention in despatches) - electoral rolls: operator (Oakleigh, 1936-1942) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Richard Charles William Morris|Morris, Richard Charles William (BDM) or Charles Richard William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW7-56S] - 1922(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4MT Rockhampton (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3210, 1951, Qld; BOCP 1460, 1956 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, 1949); electrical fitter (Rockhampton, 1954-1963); radio technician/electrician (Rockhampton, 1968-1972); radio technician (Rockhampton, 1977-1980)
* [[/Ronald David Morris|Morris, Ronald David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX5W-S7Z] - 1904(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3AP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3AP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927); 3APM Melbourne (East Brighton, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 151, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 919, 1926; BOCP 600, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Caulfield, 1925-1931); radio (Brighton, 1936-1937); mechanic (Brighton, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949-1967; Brighton East, 1972-1977)
* [[/Sydney Paul Francis Morris|Morris, Sydney Paul Francis &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-MRP] - 1888(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prahran, Vic, 1909; Dandenong, 1912-1913); clerk &amp; telegraphist (Eltham, Vic, 1924); manager (East Bairnsdale, Vic, 1925-1928); clerk (Sandringham, Vic, 1931); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949)
* [[/William Belfort Morris|Morris, William Belfort]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X1-VYQ] - 1910(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6WM Perth (Hollywood, 1930-1937; Mt Lawley, 1938-1939); 6WM Kalgoorlie (1946-1954); 6WM Perth (Applecross, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 625, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hollywood, 1931-1937); newsagent (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954); representative (Applecross, 1958-1980)
===''MORRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Cyril Tucker Morrison|Morrison, Gordon Cyril Tucker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-J6Z] - 1916(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 6KN Geraldton (1935-1937); 6KN Perth (City, 1938-1939); 2AKN Sydney (Hernes Bay, 1947; Parramatta, 1948-1950; Balgowlah, 1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1485, 1935, WA; BOCP 89, 1937; 3COCP 1536, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Geraldton, WA, 1937); radio employee (North Perth, WA, 1943); aircraft surveyor (Parramatta North, NSW, 1949; Balgowlah, NSW, 1954-1963); surveyor (Wahroonga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''MORRISSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Joseph Martindale Morrissey|Morrissey, Brian Joseph Martindale]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5AP Adelaide (Prospect, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1544, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''MORROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Caldwell Morrow|Morrow, Arthur Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQF-T2F] - 1912(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 335, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Red Hill, Qld, 1934-1937); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1943); farmer (Paddington, Qld, 1949-1963)
===''MORSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel Percy Morse|Morse, Noel Percy &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWRN-3QR] - 1914(Qld)-1942(At Sea) - Licences: 2JE Sydney (Cremorne, 1934-1935); 4LI Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937); 2AHS Sydney (Mosman, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1402, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RNZAF, Pilot Officer) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Buranda, Qld, 1937; Clayfield, Qld, 1937) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.rafcommands.com/database/wardead/details.php?qnum=95585 RAF Commands]; [https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/record/C29996 Auckland Museum]; [http://aircrewremembered.com/morse-noel.html AirCrewRemembered]

===''MORTIMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mark Mortimer|Mortimer, Mark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7M-ZZ4] - 1887(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 107, 1915; 2COCP 48, 1929; 1COCP 89, 1930; BOCP 48, 1934?  - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917)  - Comment: numerous contemporaneous MMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Evors Morton|Morton, Charles Evors]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ5-F3R] - 1888(Qld)-1963(NSW) - 2MH Sydney (Homebush, 1925-1934), amateur operator (AOCP 170, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, public servant (Rockhampton, 1912), WW1

===''MOSES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Joseph Moses|Moses, Charles Alfred Joseph]] - 1900(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - ABC (general manager) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Charles Moses|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/moses-sir-charles-joseph-15044 ADB] 
===''MOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Moss|Moss, George Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-86Y] - 1903(WA)-2000(WA) - Licences: 6GM Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1926-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; Mt Pleasant, 1960-1965; Boya, 1969-1995+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 233, 1926, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 177, 1934; 1COCP 574, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: piano mechanic (Cottesloe Beach, 1925); wireless mechanic (North Perth, 1931-1958); lecturer (Mt Pleasant, 1963; Boya, 1968-1980) - [https://qsl.net/vk6zse/historic/p-vk6gm.html QSL.net]

===''MOULE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Ernest Moule|Moule, Clifford Ernest &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XQ-DFH] - 1912(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5CX Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1939; Plympton, 1946-1948; McLaren Vale, 1954; Lower Mitcham, 1955-1956; Westbourne Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 611, 1930, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1462, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Clarence Gardens, 1939-1941; Glandore West, 1943)

===''MOWLEM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Mowlem|Mowlem, Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9F-DHH] - 1878(???)-1950(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval employee (Toorak, 1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1925); engineer (Toorak, 1928); wireless (Malvern, 1931-1949)

===''MOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Murray Moyle|Moyle, John Murray &quot;Johnny&quot;]] - 1908(Vic)-1960(ACT) - 2JU Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1932+; Radio TV &amp; Hobbies, 1939-), education (Scotch College, 1923-1926), military (WW2, RAAF 1941-, Squadron Leader), broadcast (3DB, 1920s) (callsign 2JU previously Ross Amos Hull) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198909.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198910.pdf EA2]

===''MUIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sibbald Allison Muir|Muir, John Sibbald Allison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRB3-1J6] - 1904(SA)-1996(Vic) - 3QW Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3QW Melbourne (Brighton, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 91, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; likely operator of 3NS dealer licence for Norris &amp; Skelly, Elizabeth St, Melbourne 1924 - Electoral Rolls: dealer (Brighton, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Malvern, 1928); wireless (Brighton, 1931); engineer (Brighton, 1935; Ringwood, 1936-1954); nil (Somers, 1963; Langwarrin, 1968-1977; Garfield, 1980)
* [[/Robert White Muir|Muir, Robert White]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K644-M2J] - 1904(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6RW Wagin (1933-1939); 6RW Perth (Subiaco, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1184, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Albany, WA, 1925-1926); jeweller &amp; radio dealer (Wagin, WA, 1931); jeweller (Wagin, WA, 1936-1943); watchmaker (Subiaco, WA, 1949-1963)

===''MULLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Fred Mullett|Mullett, Leslie Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-BQD] - 1903(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5ZQ Adelaide (Highgate, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1065, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Highgate, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Barton, ACT, 1949)

===''MULLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Mulligan|Mulligan, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2QS-X7W] - 1886(NZ)-1982(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 135, 1915; 2COCP 211, 1930; 1COCP 329, 1933 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917); wireless operator (Emita, Flinders Island, 1919-1928); OIC Radio Station (Darwin, 1934); radiologist (Ascot, 1936); OIC radio (Townsville, Qld, 1943); retired (Warrimoo, NSW, 1954-1958; Umina, NSW, 1958)

===''MUNRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Willson Munro|Munro, Bruce Willson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7GX-CDJ] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4AL Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1927-1931; Bulimba, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 339, 1927, No. 35 in Qld; 2COCP 68, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; aeronautical experimenter; pilot; Qld Aero Club (Brisbane, honorary flying instructor, 1930s); Dept Civil Aviation (Brisbane, Assistant Plan Printer, 1956-1968) - Electoral Rolls: commercial pilot (Moorooka, 1943); flight checking officer (Townsville, 1943); pilot (West End, 1949-1963); commonwealth public servant (Wynnum, 1968-1972); retired (Wynnum, 1977-1980)

===''MURDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilmot Henry Murden|Murden, Wilmot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-7WC] - 1915(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7TY Launceston (1934-1937); 3TY Melbourne (West Preston, 1938-1939; Thornbury, 1947); 3TY Rapanyup (1948); 3TY Sale (1954-1955); 3TY Swan Hill (1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1243, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1176, 1950; 1COCP 1610, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Sale, 1954); radio engineer (3SH, Sale, 1963)
===''MURDOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Fraser Murdoch|Murdoch, James Fraser &quot;Fraser&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FQ Toowoomba (1946-1948), amateur operator (AOCP 2383, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, employment (Empire Theater under Cliff Gold 4CG)
===''MURPHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold James Murphy|Murphy, Harold James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD6Q-ZGP] - 1899(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Ilfracombe (1935-1937); 4HM Pomona (1938-1939); 4HM Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1532, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Auchenflower, Qld, 1925; Milton, Qld, 1928); postal official (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1930); postmaster (Ilfracombe, Qld, 1936-1937); insurance agent (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943); postal official (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); public servant (Stafford, Qld, 1958)

===''MURRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Alexander Murray|Murray, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-SZ7] - 1908(???)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2FM Sydney (Rose Bay, 1927; Mosman, 1928-1935; Cremorne, 1936-1939; Mosman, 1946-1947; Lindfield, 1948-1949; Carramar, 1950-1975); 2FM Blayney (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 336, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Mosman, 1930); engineer (Mosman, 1933); fitter (Mosman, 1934); draftsman (Mosman, 1935); engineer (Neutral Bay, 1943); draftsman (Mosman, 1949); draughtsman (Carramar, 1958-1977); retired (Blayney, 1980)
* [[/John William Murray|Murray, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-32L] - 1905(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3JY Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1930; Fitzroy, 1931-1939); 3AJY Melbourne (Kew, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 396, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Elsternwick, 1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1934; Melbourne East, 1936); technician (St Kilda West, 1943-1949); projectionist (Kew, 1954-1980) - several contemporaneous John William Murray's in Melbourne, identification not certain
* [[/Kynaston Noel Lathrop Murray|Murray, Kynaston Noel Lathrop]] - 1838(Eng)-1916(Tas) - clubs and societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, 1880s; Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, 1860s-1870s; Vic Railways Dept, 1880s-1890s)
* [[/Malcolm Imlay Murray|Murray, Malcolm Imlay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-684] - 1908(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6MY Perth (City, 1930; South Perth, 1933-1939; Floreat Park, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 677, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Perth, 1931); radiotrician (South Perth, 1936; Floreat Park, 1943-1980)

===''MUSGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mandeville D'Oyly Musgrove|Musgrave, Mandeville D'Oyly]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast station proprietor (6ML &amp; others)

===''MUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus Keith Mutton|Mutton, Angus Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5F-BQM] - 1910(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5ZY Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1933; Tusmore, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1089, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Tusmore Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Arthur Henry Mutton|Mutton, Arthur Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC1Y-PP5] - 1908(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2QT Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923-1925); 2QT Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 237, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Annandale, 1930-1937); communication engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1968); public servant (Bayview, 1972-1980)

=='''N'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''NAIRN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Linley Beeton Nairn|Nairn, Arthur Linley Beeton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58V-M8X] - 1895(SA)-1978(NZ) - Licences: 2BI Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 373, 1918 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Hamilton, NZ, 1938); director (Days Bay, Wellington, NZ, 1946-1954)
===''NANCARROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Stanley Nancarrow|Nancarrow, Ralph Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST3-XQ3] - 1904(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5PK Georgetown (1930-1933); 2PY Sydney (Mosman, 1935; Randwick, 1936-1939); 2ACN Sydney (Lane Cove, 1954-1961; North Ryde, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 719, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Randwick, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical fitter (Lane Cove, NSW, 1943-1963); fitter (North Ryde, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''NANGLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Nangle|Nangle, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-F31] - 1869(NSW)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 2MU Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2MU Sydney (Marrickville, 1923-1927; Observatory, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; 1920s Superintendent Technical Education NSW; hon. Government Astronomer NSW; Sydney University (Senate); Royal Society of NSW (president); Fellow Royal Astronomical Society; Fellow Federal Institute of Architects; author (astronomy, architecture) - Electoral Rolls: architect (Petersham, 1903); Government Astronomer (Observatory, 1930-1937) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nangle-james-7722 ADB]

===''NASH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Charles Nash|Nash, William Robert Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDWX-LWF] - 1918(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2WW Sydney (Crows Nest, 1934-1937); 4WN Cairns (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1329, 1934, Qld; 1COCP 138, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Castlecrag, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''NEALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Drayton Neale|Neale, Eric Drayton Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88H-NWT] - 1907(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4EN Longreach (1934-1939); 4EN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1298, 1934, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist), radio club (WIAQ, QSL officer) - Relationships: father of 4?? Eric Drayton Neale Jnr - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1928; Longreach, 1936; Grange, 1937; Wooloowin, 1943-1963)

===''NEAVERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Laurence Neaverson|Neaverson, Leslie Laurence or Lawrence Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYTM-HCD] - 1899(Eng)-1993(NSW) - Licences: G5NX (Lakeside, Cumbria, 1922+); 4NV Brisbane (Holland Park, 1947-1956+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; associate member IRE (Britain); principal Anglo Austral Hearing Aid Dispensary - Electoral Rolls: surgical technician (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''NELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alfred Montague Nell|Nell, George Alfred Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87B-PP6] - 1900(Ceylon)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2JQ Quirindi (1928-1929); 2JQ Canberra (1930); 2JQ Moruya (1931-1936); 2JQ Binda (1937-1939); 2JQ Crookwell (1946-1950); 2JQ Junee (1954-1965); 2JQ Goulburn (1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 413, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Moruya, 1930-1934; Crookwell, 1936-1949; Junee, 1954-1968; Goulburn, 1972-1980)
===''NELSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Yeates Nelson|Nelson, John Yeates]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G884-YDV] - 1851(Irl)-1932(NSW) - Licences: XAA Sydney (McMahon's Point, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer (NSW)) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milson's Point, 1930-1931)
===''NESTROM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Louis Nestrom|Nestrom, Oliver Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-9H4] - 1912(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5RZ Adelaide (St Peters, 1936-1937; Joslin, 1938); 2ADJ Sydney (Homebush, 1939); 5RZ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1947; Glenelg, 1948; St Georges, 1954); 5RZ Port Augusta, 1955-1956); 5RZ Adelaide (Kurralta Park, 1960; Manningham, 1965-1969; St Peters, 1975); 5RZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP, 224, 1935; AOCP 1725, 1936, SA; BOCP 719, 1946; 2COCP 1178, 1949; 1COCP 1491, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Modbury, SA, 1939); fitter (Strathfield, NSW, 1943)

===''NEVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Clifford Anderson Neville|Neville, Alfred Clifford Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH3-Z4D] - 1907(Eng)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ED Receive Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 5827, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hamilton, Qld, 1928); clerk (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1943); accountant (Hawthorne, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (East Brisbane, 1963-1980)

===''NEWBERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Mallord Newberry|Newberry, Archibald Mallord]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH51-SDW] - 1893(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AN Red Cliffs (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 606, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Red Cliffs, 1924-1931); radio dealer (Red Cliffs, 1934-1942); cycle dealer (Red Cliffs, 1949-1972) 
===''NEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert James Newell|Newell, Albert James &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1C-RGW] - 1910(Sct)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Mill Hill via Warwick (1936-1939); 4BN Brisbane (Archerfield, 1947-1948; Moorooka, 1954); 4AJ Brisbane (Moorooka, 1965; Yeronga, 1969; Ormiston, 1975); 4AJN Brisbane (Ormiston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1727, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 559, 1942; 1COCP 588, 1942; TVOCP 531, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; AWA Aviation Radio Service - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Mill Hill, Qld, 1931-1943); radio technician (Moorooka, Qld, 1949-1968); television technician (Yeronga West, Qld, 1972); retired (Ormiston, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''NEWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Frederick Newman|Newman, Arthur Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJ9-YSK] - 1881(India)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 10, 1914; CPRT 90, 1915; 1COCP 49, 1930 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant, 1917-1920, terminated Nov 1920); WW1; WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AFNs - Electoral Rolls: traffic officer (Elsternwick, 1917-1919); assistant! (Malvern East, 1924-1931); piano tuner (St Kilda, 1931)
* [[/Sydney Moreton Newman|Newman, Sydney Moreton &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL41-PBM] - 1898(NSW)-1998(NSW)99yo - Licences: XPZ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1913-1914); 3MC Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 655, 1921; 1COCP 90, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Turramurra, 1930-1958); retired (Wahroonga, 1963-1980) - TroveTag: &quot;XPZ-3MC - Sydney Moreton Newman&quot; (68 tags) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199101.pdf EA]
* [[/William Harold Newman|Newman, William Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-4N5] - 1889(NSW)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 2MK? Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922); 2MJ Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway official (Artarmon, 1930-1934); secretary (Mosman, 1936-1943)

===''NICHOLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rupert Nicholas|Nicholas, William Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD14-RFV] - 1913(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7WR Hobart (North Hobart, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 896, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 72, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart North, 1936; New Town, 1943-1954)
===''NICOLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Nicoll|Nicoll, William]] - 1903(Canada)-19??(???) - Licences: 4CO Receive Brisbane (Upper Paddington, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 644, 1921 - amateur Receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Bardon, 1925-1929) 
===''NICHOLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Edgar Nicholls|Nicholls, Francis Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1H-8KQ] - 1910(Vic)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7RY Devonport (1932-1933); 7RY Burnie (1937-1939); 7RY Hobart (New Town, 1946-1948; Lenah Valley, 1954-1955; New Town, 1960; Lenah Valley, 1965-1969; Midway Point, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 991, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Lenah Valley, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Nicholls|Nicholls, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S3-26D] - 19??(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 780, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1963)
* [[/William John Matthew Nicholls|Nicholls, William John Matthew or William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WW-PDS] - 1908(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1928-1933); 7WX Launceston (1937-1939); 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1946-1965; East Malvern, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 419, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 343, 1931; 1COCP 309, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Williamstown, 1931-1936); RAAF (Williamstown, 1949); radio engineer (Williamstown, 1954-1963; Malvern East, 1968-1980)
===''NICHOLSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Malcolm Nicholson|Nicholson, Russell Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-7W4] - 1909(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 4KG Ilfracombe (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 529, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 48, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing contractor (Longreach, 1936); manager 4LG (Longreach, 1937); radio mechanic (Coolangatta, 1949-1972)

===''NICOLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Hort Wilmot Nicolle|Nicolle, Horace Hort Wilmot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZS-MZF] - 1908(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2HK Sydney (Strathfield, 1929-1933; Ryde, 1934); 2AJT Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 527, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist apprentice (Strathfield, 1930); pharmacist (Strathfield, 1933-1935); chemist (Chatswood, 1943-1968)

===''NILSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver John Nilsen|Nilsen, Oliver John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W4-W1G] - 1884(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3UZ Melbourne (1924-25) - Qualifications: Nil identified to date - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - 3UZ experimental callsign issued to Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co in 1923, operator N. J. Boyd; callsign withdrawn 1925 and reallocated to Nilsen's broadcast station which remains current as at 2021 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Fitzroy, 1909-1924; Chelsea, 1928-1931); contractor (Caulfield, 1934-1954); engineer (Elsternwick, 1972; Hawthorn, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nilsen-oliver-john-11244 ADB]

===''NISSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Laurence Nissen|Nissen, Eric Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-ZLR] - 1905(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4XN Dalby (1930-1939, 1946-1975+); 4XN Toowoomba (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 574, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, member); broadcast technician (4QS, 1939-1976); federal public servant (PMGD); Awards: Imperial Service Medal 1976 - Electoral Rolls: none specified (Dalby, 1928-1937); PMG technician (Dalby, 1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1977)

===''NIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edgar Nixon|Nixon, Arthur Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M2-SM5] - 1905(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ON Receive Melbourne (Windsor, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 361, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur receive operator - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Elsternwick, 1931); salesman (St Kilda West, 1931-1936); electrical fitter (Albert Park, 1943-1954)

===''NOLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Michael Nolan|Nolan, Francis Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Q3R-X84] - 1910(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1935-1937; Clayfield, 1938-1939; Stafford Heights, 1946-1948); 4MF Portable (1948); 9FN Port Moresby &amp; 9MF Portable (1954-1956); 4FN/T Gracemere (1960-1969); 4FN/T Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1975; Virginia, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1433, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, WIAQ); broadcast technician (9PA, 4RK); radio serviceman; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Francis William Nolan|Nolan, Francis William &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-XPW] - 1897(NSW)-19?? - Licences: 4JU Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1929-1939, 1947-1956; Paddington, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43? &amp; 501, 1924 &amp; 1929, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio serviceman - Relationships: husband of 4LO Violet Elizabeth Nolan nee Hennessey - Comment: several genealogy sites have wrong data for FWN - Electoral Rolls: cartoonist (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1925);  radio mechanic (Brisbane, City, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1958)
* [[/John Spencer Nolan|Nolan, John Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-KMV] - 1868(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: XED Sydney (Double Bay, 1911-1914); 2JH Receive Sydney (Double Bay, 1922); 2JH Sydney (Double Bay, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster; dentist and dental surgeon - Relationships: father of 2YI Philip Spencer Nolan - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Woollahra, 1930-1935)
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-DSX] - 1896(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: fourth YL operator in Qld - Relationships: wife of 4JU Francis William Nolan - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1943); not stated (Eagle Heights, Qld, 1949); home duties (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1954); domestic (Spring Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Coolangatta, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Philip Spencer Nolan|Nolan, Philip Spencer &quot;Spencer&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-ZWX] - 1897(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: 2YI Sydney (Double Bay, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 58, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; dentist - Relationships: son of XED-2JH Lieut John Spencer Nolan - Comment: gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''NOLTE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Nolte|Nolte, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HG-DD4] - 1911(Vic)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 3NO Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939); 2QO Sydney (Potts Point, 1948-1950; Bexley North, 1954-1975); 2QO Wamberal (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 492, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949; Bexley North, 1958-1963); retired (Wamberal, 1980)
===''NORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Norman|Norman, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Q-ZRS] - 1899(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WJ Eddystone Point Lighthouse (1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stoker (Longford, 1922); lightkeeper (Tasman Island, 1928; Eddystone Lighthouse, 1934; Maatauyker Island, 1936; Currie Harbour, King Island, 1937)
===''NORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Anthony David Norris|Norris, Anthony David &quot;Tony&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Edgar Lewin Norris|Norris, Edgar Lewin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9YH-3D4] - 1891(Qld)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Receive Toowoomba (1922); 4CK Toowoomba (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 80, 1925, No. 8 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Toowoomba RC); WW1 - Relationships: father of 4NO Edgar Thomas Norris - TroveTag: &quot;4CK - Edgar Lewin Norris&quot; - Electoral Rolls: optician (Rockhampton, 1913); optometrist (Wooloowin, 1919; Toowoomba, 1925-1954)
* [[/Edgar Thomas Norris|Norris, Edgar Thomas &quot;Tom&quot; &quot;Tommy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G855-G68] - 1930(Qld)-2019(Qld) - Licences: 4NO Toowoomba (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6945, 1967; AOLCP Q2, 1968; AOCP Q13, 1968, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4CK Edgar Lewin Norris - Electoral Rolls: charge hand (Toowoomba, 1954-1980)
===''NORTHEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurence Harry Northeast|Northeast, Laurence Harry &quot;Laurie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLM3-8NK] - 1908(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5LH Adelaide (Rosewater, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 315, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosewater, 1939-43)

=='''O'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
==='''OAKES'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Andrew Oakes|Oakes, Walter Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-RBQ] - 1907(Tas)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 7BQ Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923); Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP N1088, 1971 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Manly, 1930); electrical fitter (Launceston, 1937); railway employee (New Town, 1943-1949); electrician (Lindfield, 1954); business proprietor (Roseville, 1958); managing director (Roseville, 1963-1968); director (Roseville, 1972-1980)

==='''O'BRIEN'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Clare O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Clare]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTS-7SJ] - 1904(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4NC Brisbane (Stafford, 1939, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2386, 1939, Qld - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kilcoy, 1928); telephone mechanic (Eagle Junction, 1936-1943); technician (Stafford, 1954-1980) 
* [[/Charles Raymond Heddington O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Raymond Heddington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-4CX] - 1913(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3QX Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 626, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Glenhuntly, 1934-1936); electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1942); engineer (Kew, 1954; Mount Waverley, 1963-1972)
* [[/Matthew O'Brien|O'Brien, Matthew or Matthew Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-P35] - 1904(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4MM Brisbane (Toowong, 1926-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 234, 1926, No. 20 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, ARTL, WIAQ, president all); journalist (Teleradio, &quot;Vic Eddy&quot;); Dept Labour Exchange (administration) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Toowong, 1925-1936; Annerley, 1943-1977)

==='''O'DEA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick O'Dea|O'Dea, Francis Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTP-7KL] - 1894(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 (Army, AWS) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Melbourne, 1912-1913; Ascot Vale, Vic, 1914-1937); railways (Brighton, Vic, 1942-1949); railway employee (Footscray North, Vic, 1963-1977) - Links: [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911842/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-francis-patrick-odea/ AWS]

==='''ODGERS'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Fieldhouse Odgers|Odgers, Norman Fieldhouse]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-CYK] - 1906(Qld)-1996(WA) - Licences: 4BO or 4BD Brisbane (Newmarket) &amp; Charters Towers (1924-1925); 4NK; 9NK Port Moresby (1946-1948); 6NF Perth (Applecross, 1954-1969; Bassendean, 1975-1980); 4CH - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 896, 1925; 2COCP 212, 1930; 1COCP 108, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; broadcast engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: senior technician (Applecross, 1954-1963); manager (Applecross, 1968); retired (Bassandean, 1972-1980)

==='''O'DONNELL'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Amos Leslie O'Donnell|O'Donnell, Amos Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NW-Q1P] - 1910(SA)-19??(NSW) - Licences: 6DX Perth (City, 1930-1933); 2AGE Sydney (Ashfield, 1938-1939); 2AOO Sydney (Caringbah, 1960; Mona Vale, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 639, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 515, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (North Perth, 1931); radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1937); education officer (No. 2 W.A.G.S., Parkes, 1943); engineer (Ashfield, 1949; Caringbah, 1958)

==='''O'HARA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bernard O'Hara|O'Hara, John Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XM-Y9M] - 1902(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3OH Maryborough (1930-1939); 3OH Yallourn (1946-1948); 3AAO Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 607, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Albert Park, 1921-1924) instructor (Maryborough, 1928); teacher (Kew, 1934; Maryborough, 1937; Ballarat, 1937; Maryborough, 1943, Warrnambool, 1954; Maldon, 1963) 
==='''OHRBOM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Axel Ragnar Ohrbom|Ohrbom, Axel Ragnar &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-PWJ] - 1903(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924); 3OC Melbourne (West Brunswick, 1928; Coburg, 1931-1939; Moreland, 1946-1948; Hartwell, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 421, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Coburg West, 1949); sharebroker (Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Burwood, 1977)

===''OLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Olof Lemuel Olden|Olden, Olof Lemuel]] - 1863(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Hobart 1920s, early wireless experimenter, no licence yet identified, amateur operator (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, President, 1924), military (Colonel, WW1), occupation (school master)
===''OLDFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Bernam Oldfield|Oldfield, Frederick Bernam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YP-9R2] - 1897(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (1924); 3FB Melbourne (Hampton, 1937-1938); 2FE Sydney (Balmoral, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1240, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Brighton, Vic, 1931; Sandringham, Vic, 1935-1937); journalist (Mosman, NSW, 1943); A.M.F. (Mornington, 1954); tutor (Neutral Bay, 1958)
===''OLDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Oldham|Oldham, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZFK-XBT] - 1902(Tas)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 7XA Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1923, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1936-1949) 
* [[/Fred Oldham|Oldham, Fred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, first president of Hobart Tramways Wireless Club 1905

===''O'LEARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cornelius Daniel Fraser O'Leary|O'Leary, Cornelius Daniel Fraser or Daniel Fraser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN18-4BH] - 1893(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (Tusmore Gardens, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 495, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Unley, 1939-1941)

===''OLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dalley George Tryon Oliver|Oliver, Dalley George Tryon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-MMR] - 1888(NSW)-1959(NSW) - wireless experimenter (1924+) 2?? Gunedah, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1943; Keepit Dam, Tamworth, 1949-1954); retired (Condoblin, 1958) - Relationships: brother of 2MO Marcius John Alexander Oliver
* [[/Marcius John Alexander Oliver|Oliver, Marcius John Alexander &quot;Marcus&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-M82] - 1875(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2MO Gunedah (1929) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 91, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer, radio station proprietor (2MO, 1930-1939), military (air spotters, Port Macquarie) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1936; Port Macquarie, 1943) - Relationships: brother of Dalley George Tryon Oliver

===''OLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Durrant Olle|Olle, John Durrant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4HS-WSX] - 1910(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 2OZ Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1939, 1946; Pennant Hills, 1947-1948; Ashfield, 1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 553, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 321, 1931; 1COCP 197, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Summer Hill, 1936-1937; Ashfield, NSW, 1943); soldier (South Yarra, Vic, 1949); public servant (Mornington, 1963-1980)

===''O'LOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick Morgan O'Loughlin|O'Loughlin, Francis Patrick Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-Z3Q] - 1902(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4OL Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1347, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''OLSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Vivian Olsen|Olsen, Frederick Vivian &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CP-4XJ] - 1912(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3FO Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1929-1931; Hampton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 521, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hampton, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1963; Hampton, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Norman Frederick Olsen|Olsen, Norman Frederick or Frederick Norman (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-8JS] - 1901(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 516, 1920, NSW; 2COCP 59, 1929, NSW; 1COCP 252, 1932 - Nil yet identified - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hurlstone Park, 1934-1937); newsagent (Torwood, 1954-1958); no occupation (Lord Howe Island, 1963-1980)
* [[/Norman Peter Olsen|Olsen, Norman Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-444] - 1897(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2YK Newcastle (1924-1925); 2ZX Waratah (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Waratah, 1930; Mayfield, 1932); public servant (Redfern, 1932-1933; Kogarah, 1934-1935; Wollongong, 1936-1937; Artarmon, 1943-1949; Kogarah, 1949-1963); nil (Merewether, 1968-1980)
* [[/Olaf Olsen|Olsen, Olaf]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QT-69T] - 1878(Norway)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Dalby 1922 (Receive) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Dalby, 1913-1943); engineer (Toowoomba, 1949; Redcliffe, 1954; Paddington, 1958-1963)

==='''O'MAY'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. W. O'May|O'May, J. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Derwent O'May|O'May, Robert Derwent &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNF-5NS] - 1903(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); 7OM Hobart (Bellerive, 1924-1927+; Sandy Bay, 1931+; Bellerive, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 74, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 508, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bellerive, 1928-1954)

==='''OPPENHEIM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver George Oppenheim|Oppenheim or Oliver, Oliver George &quot;Ollie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSS-S7L] - 1911(Vic)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 3ZX Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 580, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1936-1942; Elsternwick, 1949); radio engineer (Elsternwick, 1954); company executive (Coogee, 1958-1963; Lugarno, 1968); importer (Strathfield, 1972-1980)

===''O'REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Joseph O'Reilly|O'Reilly, Maurice Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-VMC] - 1866(Irl)-1933(NSW) - Licences: XACI Bathurst (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St Stanilaus College, Bathurst, 1913); rector of college (St John's College, Camperdown, 1930-1933) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/oreilly-maurice-joseph-7918 ADB] 
===''O'ROURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sydney O'Rourke|O'Rourke, John Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJP-ZW4] - 1918(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 4OR Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1937-1939); 4SO Brisbane (Margate Beach, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2042, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical apprentice (Norman Park, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Newmarket, Qld, 1949); engineer (Margate, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''ORR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Murray Donald Orr|Orr, Murray Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-H29] - 1900(Vic)-1941(Vic) - Licences: 3OR Lake Meran (1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 440, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1940-1941) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Lake Meran, 1924-1934) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/orr-murray-donald-1700/]

===''OSBORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jeffrey David Osborne|Osborne, Jeffrey David &quot;Jeff&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Louis Frederick George Osborne|Osborne, Louis Frederick George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GF-MGZ] - 1900(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3DD Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DD Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1926); 3BMO Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gas fitter (Malvern East, 1922-1926); inspector (Carnegie, 1931-1977)
===''OSBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bolivar Laing Osburne|Osburne, George Bolivar Laing &quot;Laing&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MFY2-F9W] - 1896(Vic)-1933(Vic) - Licences: XKJ Terang (1913-1914); 3BG Terang (1922-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 235, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Terang, 1922-1931)

===''OTHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Othen|Othen, Charles James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRHF-H8Y] - 1897(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: XVT Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5AS Receive Adelaide (1923); 5ON Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1954-1956; Eden Hills, 1960-1969; Blackwood, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3385, 1953, SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''O'TOOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian O'Toole|O'Toole, Ian]] - Licences: 2ZIO Sydney (Adamstown Heights, 1969; North Rocks, 1975; Castle Hill, 1980) - amateur operator; historian (amateur, military communications); proprietor Kurrajong Radio Museum - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://vk2bv.org/archive/museum/ Kurrajong Radio Museum]

===''OTTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Shannon Otty|Otty, William Shannon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7J1] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZL Killingworth (1923-1931); 2ZL Toronto (1933-1975); 2ZL Fennell's Bay (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 219, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Toronto, 1937-1954); retired (Toronto, 1958-1980)

===''OVERLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Overlack|Overlack, Peter]] - early wireless historian [https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval_Networks_Dominance_of_Comms_in_Maritime_Ops.pdf &quot;The Struggle for the Australian Airwaves: The Strategic Function of Radio for Germany in the Asia-Pacific Region before World War I&quot;]

===''OWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Chester Owen|Owen, Chester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ3G-H47] - 1899(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923); 3ZM Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balaclava, 1921; St Kilda, 1922-1926); engineer (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); mechanic (Caulfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Echuca, 1943-1972)
* [[/Stanley Wainwright Owen|Owen, Stanley Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDV9-BP2] - 1912(Vic)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 6RX Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 2RX Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1948-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 716, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 436, 1933; 1COCP 340, 1933; TVOCP 40, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1937-1958); television engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1963-1968); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1972-1977; Artarmon, 1980)

===''OXENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Justinian Oxenham|Oxenham, Justinian]] - 1860(Qld)-1932(Vic) - senior federal public servant (Secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
===''OXLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Oxlade|Oxlade, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-H1C] - 1907(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4GO Brisbane (Newmarket, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 229, 1926, No. 19 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: painter (Chermside, 1937-1943; Maroochydore, 1954; Wavell Heights, 1958), contractor (Chermside, 1963-1980)

=='''P'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''PAECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leonard Paech|Paech, Robert Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6DL-76D] - 1920(SA)-1963(SA) - Licences: 5RL Adelaide (Underdale, 1936-1939, 1947-1948); 5LP Adelaide (Seacombe Gardens, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1626, 1936, SA; 2COCP 279, 1939; BOCP 371, 1941; 1COCP 810, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Nevison Page|Page, Leslie Nevison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSBX-CRV] - 1920(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (New Farm, 1937-1939; Brisbane City, 1947); 2NB Sydney (Potts Point, 1954); 2LP Sydney (St Ives, 1955-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1931, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 2NB may have been withdrawn for 2NB Broken Hill - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ascot, Qld, 1928-1929) (too young for 1920 birth, must be a namesake); radio technician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1954); radio engineer (St Ives, NSW, 1958); manager (St Ives, NSW, 1963); electronics engineer (Epping, NSW, 1968; Eastwood, NSW, 1972)

===''PAGET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Ernest Paget|Paget, Harold Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTK-ZBF] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephonist (Valley, Qld, 1925-1926); postal sorter (Ashgrove, Qld, 1928-1949); mail officer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PAICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Cameron Paice|Paice, Donald Cameron &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KD-2FT] - 1932(Vic)-2018(Vic) - Licences: 3ADP Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3055, 1950, Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1954; Mt Waverley, 1963-1980) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 2AJ Valentine Keith Paice
* [[/Valentine Keith Paice|Paice, Valentine Keith &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K3-5T6] - 1904(NZ)-1977(???) - Licences: ZL1AJ (Z1AJ) 1925-1926; VQ1AJ (OO1AJ) Fanning Island (1926-1928); 2AJ (VK2AJ) Sydney 1929; OA4V Peru (1929) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Ashbury, NSW, 1930) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 3ADP Donald Cameron Paice

===''PARADISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Harry Elliker Paradise|Paradise, Eric Harry Elliker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3M-D75] - 1904(Qld)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Stones Corner, Qld, 1925-1937)
===''PARASIERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Isidore Percy Robert Parasiers|Parasiers, Isidore Percy Robert &quot;Robert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9Y-8B1] - 1902(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (City, 1932-1933; Glandore, 1937-1939); 6PS Perth (Inglewood, 1947); 5RF Adelaide (Glandore, 1948); 5RF Murray Bridge (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 952, 1932, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 283, 1936; BOCP 132, 1937; 2COCP 256, 1939; 1COCP 330, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Norman Paris|Paris, James Norman &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWR-B1W] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: &quot;WIA-L5006&quot; Adelaide (Prospect, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur listener; prominent broadcast listener (1950s, 1960s); clubs (Australian DX Radio Club (SA); Southern Cross DX Club) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Radcliffe Parish|Parish, Hugh Radcliffe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCDL-Y23] - 1914(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7CP Launceston (1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1070, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 189, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Burnie, 1936-1937); manager (Winnaleah, 1943-1949); radio executive (Launceston, 1954)
===''PARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles William Park|Park, John Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-N4N] - 1904(Eng)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6BB Perth (South Perth, 1924-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 794, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (South Perth, 1943-1949); radiographer (South Perth, 1958-1980)
===''PARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Cyril Parker|Parker, Keith Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KDSK-X2P] - 1912(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5PA Port Pirie (1933); 5SO Port Elliot (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 348, 1931; 1COCP 213, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio technician (Fiskville, Vic, 1949-1963; Bassendean, WA, 1968); manager (Cairns, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Kenneth Herbert Parker|Parker, Kenneth Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTM1-Q5G] - 1905(WA)-1994(WA) - Licences: 6KP Meekatharra (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1192, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mining register (Meekatharra, WA, 1931-1937); resident magistrate (Cue, WA, 1943; Geraldton, WA, 1943); stipendary magistrate (Northam, WA, 1949); magistrate (Mt Pleasant, WA, 1954; Riverton, WA, 1958-1963; Applecross, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/P. S. Parker|Parker, P. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2CM Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1923, briefly then reverted to 2CY); 2CY Sydney (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet confidently identified but likely Philip Selwyn Parker, engineer, Bellevue Hill, 1930
* [[/Ronald Alexander Parker|Parker, Ronald Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-6BM] - 1908(Vic)-1984(Qld) - 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1926), 3RA Bendigo (1927), 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), 4PT Southport (1980+), qualifications (AOCP 213, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1931), accountant (Hawthorn, 1936-1937), secretary (Malvern, 1943-1949), retired (Southport, 1980)

===''PARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Parr|Parr, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-22T] - 1908(NSW)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3OM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 646, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1943); engineer (Footscray, 1949; Brunswick, 1949-1963; Melbourne City, 1968-1980)
===''PARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alchorne Parry|Parry, Charles Alchorne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8J-BGL] - 1916(Qld)-2009(USA) - Licences: 4CP Gordonvale (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1441, 1935, Qld; BOCP 177, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Education: PhD - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Cairns, Qld, 1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1943)

===''PARSONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warwick William Parsons|Parsons, Warwick William or William Warwick (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2L4-5ZC]- 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PS Adelaide (City, 1933; Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Rose Park, 1954-1974) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1147, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''PATERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Pryde Paterson|Paterson, Paul Pryde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-LPF] - 1915(WA)-1942(PNG) - Licences: 6PP Wiluna (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1961, 1937, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 24 Squadron, Flight Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/paterson-paul-pryde-260515/]
* [[/Raymund Gordon Paterson|Paterson, Raymund or Raymond Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CH-7RX] - 1903(Vic)-1996(Canada) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 506, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Glenferrie, 1926-1928)

===''PATTERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Campbell Patterson|Patterson, Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9Y1-GDH] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5XR Naracoorte (1933-1939); 5XR Peterborough (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1097, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, 1939); electrician (Quorn, 1941-1943)
* [[/James Brown Patterson|Patterson, James Brown]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTW-WDY] - 1833(Eng)-1895(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Politician, briefly Premier of Victoria (1893-1894), Postmaster-General Vic (July 1878 - March 1880) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Charles William Ingram Patterson|Patterson, Robert Charles William Ingram &quot;Charles Ingram&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5T-2Q4] - 1910(Vic)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 3YP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1927-1939; Eaglemont, 1946-1954); 4YP Brisbane (Fig Tree Pocket, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 352, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Mundabullangana, 1931-1937); agent (Fig Tree Pocket, 1958-1968)

===''PAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Anthony Paul|Paul, Leo Anthony]] - 1905(Vic)-1968(Vic) - 3JQ Receive Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1922-1923), 3LP Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1924-1937; Preston, 1938-1939), 3XO Melbourne (Fairfield, 1948-1960; Thornbury, 1965), amateur operator (AOCP 15, 1924, No. 6 in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''PAYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George H. Payne|Payne, George H.]] - 19??(???)-1987(Qld) - 4NEV Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1946+, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, hon. secretary; WIAQ, president, assoc. members section)
* [[/John Payne|Payne, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSL-41Q] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2IN Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1927; Kensington, 1928-1930)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: insurance department manager (Kensington, 1930-1931); secretary (Kensington, 1933)
* [[/Reginald Lewis Payne|Payne, Reginald Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG9-HFF] - 1898(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: 3RP Geelong (Newtown, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 225, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1919-1921); telegraphist (Newtown, 1922-1942) (check XJM R. Payne, Armadale for relationship)
===''PAYTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Payter|Payter, Joseph William]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - early telephone experimenter in Melbourne, mechanic in Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs (one of James Smibert's &quot;Williamstown boys&quot;)

===''PEARCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Ronald Pearce|Pearce, Edward Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR3M-7YJ] - 1916(Vic)-2004(WA) - Licences: 6TP Perth (North Perth, 1936-1939, 1948; Mt Hawthorn, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1757, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (North Perth, WA, 1937); engineer (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Coolbinia, WA, 1980)

===''PEARN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Pearn|Pearn, William Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCKW-JRW] - 1896(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PN Adelaide (Sturt Park, 1934-1939; Wayville West, 1947-1948; Unley, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1378, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Unley, SA, 1939-1941)

===''PEARSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Richman Pearson|Pearson, Ian Richman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-4LF] - 1908(Vic)-1972(Tas) - Licences: 3SP Melbourne (Berwick, 1929-1931); 7KB Burnie (1948-1965); 7KB Port Sorell (1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 528, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Deer Park, Vic, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Burnie, Tas, 1949-1954)

===''PELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Frederick Law Pelling|Pelling, John Charles Frederick Law &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-176] - 1908(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6WO Moojebing (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1213, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Dumbleyung, WA, 1931); farmer (Moojebing, WA, 1936-1943; King River, WA, 1949-1968)

===''PEMBLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Pembleton|Pembleton, Thomas Edward &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HP-JDF] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4ZL Rockhampton (1936-1939;1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1600, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943); turner (Rockhampton North, 1949-1980)

===''PEPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Campbell Pepper|Pepper, Ralph Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC93-1MN] - 1905(NSW)-1984(Qld) - Licences: N742 Receive Tamworth (1922); 2HV Receive Tamworth (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tamworth, 1930; Maroubra, 1931; Artarmon, 1934-1949; Newmarket, Qld, 1954-1972; Alderley, 1977-1980)

===''PERDRIAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carter Perdriau|Perdriau, Henry Carter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D9-L79] - 1895(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: XHC Sydney (1912-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: cousin of 2ZR William James Stanley Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: manager (Chatswood, 1930-1936; Roseville, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Stanley Perdriau|Perdriau, William James Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTH6-8LS] - 1885(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923); 2ZR Sydney (Manly, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: cousin of XHC Henry Carter Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Manly, 1930-1943)
===''PERREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Litchfield Perrey|Perrey, Alexander Litchfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZVM-9P9] - 1898(SA)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 5LP Strathalbyn (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 99, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Francis Cole Perry|Perry, Malcolm Francis Cole]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L679-XR2] - 1891(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: XCP Sydney (Randwick, 1913-1914); 2DG Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1930-1937); editor (Randwick, 1943-1949; Coogee, 1954-1958); counsellor (Hazelbrook, 1958-1963)

===''PETERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Zornig Peters|Peters, Henry Zornig &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4XX-HBC] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ZP Maryborough (1937-1939); 4ZP Sarina (1947-1956); 4ZP Cooroy (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1978, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Yerra via Maryborough, Qld, 1936-1937; Sarina, 1943); farmer (Cooroy, 1963-1980)

===''PETERSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Marzanti Petersen|Petersen, Thomas William Marzanti &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 1919(Qld)-1981(Qld) - 4FY Brisbane (Cooparoo Heights, 1946-1947), 4YO Moreton Island (1975), amateur operator (AOCP 2321, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor), military (WW2, AIF), employment (Hills TV service), business proprietor (Advance Radio, Wynnum Radio Repairs)
===''PETERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Franz Peterson|Peterson, Harold Franz]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-CV1] - 1888(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HP Sydney (Coogee, 1930-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 617, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector (Coogee, 1930-1958)
* [[/Rupert Clarence Peterson|Peterson, Rupert Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87D-VJ3] - 1910(Vic)-2000(NSW) - Licences: 7AZ Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922-1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923-1924); 3PT Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 401, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 96, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949; Ivanhoe, 1954-1977); retired (Merimbula, 1980)
* [[/Walter Peterson|Peterson, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QP Melbourne (Toorak, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 689, 1930, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kew, 1925); telephone engineer (Kew, 1926-1928); engineer (Toorak, 1931-1937); secretary (Lilydale, 1943-1954); electrical instrument maker (Collingwood North, 1967-1968) - several contemporaneous WPs
* [[/Walter Martin Peterson|Peterson, Walter Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDRD-G6B] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6LW Perth (West Perth, 1937; East Perth, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; City, 1954-1956; City Beach, 1960-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1864, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Balcatta, WA, 1931-1936; North Perth, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1937-1943); radio engineer (East Perth, WA, 1949-1958); lecturer (City Beach, WA, 1963-1977)

===''PHELPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Phelps|Phelps, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D5-97G] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DL Sydney (Canterbury, 1931-1939, 1946; Ashbury, 1947-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 769, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1935-1937; Ashfield, 1942; Ashbury, 1949-1963)
===''PHILBIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Philbin|Philbin, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKL-L7L] - 1889(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7FP Queenstown (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ulverstone, 1914); electrician (Queenstown, 1919-1937); electrical fitter (Queenstown, 1949-1954); to NSW 1940s
===''PHILLIPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan William Albert Phillips|Phillips, Alan William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-LD4] - 1915(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5GX Adelaide (Somerton, 1936-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1601, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (St Leonards, SA, 1939; South Plympton, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Albert Maurice Phillips|Phillips, Albert Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-GGP] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5ZU Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1713, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Gordon George Phillips|Phillips, Gordon George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7V-TB1] - 1887(NSW)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 93, 1915; 1COCP 321, 1933 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Townsville, 1912-1919); radio telegraphist (Currie, King Island, 1922); telegraphist (South Townsville, 1925); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1937)
* [[/Harry Edward James Thomas Phillips|Phillips, Harry Edward James Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZW-SXG] - 1896(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1933; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Merlynstone, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 532, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: slaughterman (Newmarket, 1919); butcher (Emerald, 1922; Mitcham, 1924-1936; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1949)
* [[/James Graham Phillips|Phillips, James Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-8JC] - 1909(SA)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 5BW Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1931; Somerton, 1933-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 256, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Somerton, 1939-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/606863]
* [[/Noel William Phillips|Phillips, Noel William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9FX-877] - 1911(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4NP Ipswich (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1396, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Public Works Dept) - Electoral Rolls: painter (Ipswich, Qld, 1936-1937)
===''PHILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurance Vincent Phillis|Phillis, Laurance Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5R-98V] - 1900(SA)-1953(SA) - Licences: 5LP Adelaide (South Payneham, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1136, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PHILPOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Hanmer Philpot|Philpot, Clarence Hanmer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMRM-C7S] - 1906(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Geelong (1923); 3CP Geelong (1924-1925); 3CP Warrnambool (1925-1926); 3KL Ararat (1927); 3KL Avoca (1931-1937); 3KL Horsham (1938-1939); 3KL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 381, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Derrinallum, 1928; Avoca, 1931-1936); postal (Elsternwick, 1942-1980)
===''PHILPOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Jones Philpott|Philpott, Oliver Jones]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LJ-52T] - 1869(???)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Sandringham, 1919); manager (Caulfield, 1921-1927)
===''PHIPPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Roger Sydney Phipps|Phipps, William Roger Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZX2-Z6G] - 1896(Eng)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6WP Perth (Subiaco, 1924-1927; Victoria Park, 1930-1933; South Perth, 1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 111, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 16, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Subiaco, 1921); electrical fitter (Subiaco, 1925); radio operator (Victoria Park, 1931; South Perth, 1936-1972)

===''PIKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Herbert Arthur Pike|Pike, John Herbert Arthur &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MT5R-K62] - 1890(NSW)-1961(NSW) - XJP Sydney (Arncliffe, 1911), XDY Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912-1914), XDZ Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912), 2DF Receive Sydney (Epping, 1922-1924), 2JP Sydney (Epping, 1925-1929; Greenwich, 1930-1939, 1946-1961), amateur operator (AOCP 130, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, AWA (research, later draftsman)
===''PINNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chalker Pinnell|Pinnell, John Chalker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z5-P4G] - 1902(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923-1924); 2ZR Sydney (Marrickville, 1929-1934; Ashfield, 1935-1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1939, 1946-1950; Earlwood, 1954-1961; Croydon, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 547, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1934; Ashfield, 1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1949); teacher (Earlwood, 1954-1963); retired (Ashfield, 1968; Mt Kuringai, 1980)
===''PINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Pinney|Pinney, C. R.]] - 18??-19?? - 4CP Port Moresby - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''PITCHFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stuart Frederick Pitchford|Pitchford, William Stuart Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5C-X48] - 1906(Eng)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (City, 1926-1933; Hyde Park, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 254, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Reade Park, 1939-1943)

===''PITTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Graham Pitts|Browne, Reginald Graham or Graham Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGB-56Y] - 1915(SA)-2005(WA) - Licences: 5GP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1934-1939); 5GP Alice Springs (1947); 5GE Port Augusta (1955-1975); 5GE Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1377, 1934, SA; 2COCP 189, 1938; 1COCP 225, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: finisher (Torrensville, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Alice Springs, NT, 1949)

===''POLLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henderson Pollock|Pollock, John Henderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFM-9TQ] - 1895(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Moorooka, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Moorooka, Qld, 1922-1926); insurance manager (Townsville, Qld, 1928-1937); insurance agent (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''PONSONBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bessborough Ponsonby|Ponsonby, John Bessborough]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 466, 1919; 1COCP 50, 1930 - coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls:

===''POPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maitland Glen Pope|Pope, Maitland Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ4K-FN6] - 1884(WA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 122, 1915; 1COCP 153, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1906); civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); civil servant (Hobart North, Tas, 1914); officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1919-1921); wireless expert (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925); wireless operator (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1927-1931); supervisor (Essendon, Vic, 1936-1954)

===''PORTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Glanville Porter|Porter, Leonard Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLX-765] - 1897(SA)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5MP Huddlestone (1938-1939; 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 966, 1927; 1COCP 73, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1924); wireless operator (5PI Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''POTTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Potter|Potter, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-38V] - 1915(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6ZO Perth (East Fremantle, 1937-1939; Bicton, 1947-1965; Melville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1959, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (East Fremantle, WA, 1937-1943); contractor (East Fremantle, WA, 1949-1958; Melville, 1963); builder (Melville, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Francis Potter|Potter, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G878-638] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2WP Helensburgh (1928-1939); 2WP Fairy Meadow (1948-1950); 2WP Charlestown (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 399, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 38, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Helensburgh, 1930-1937); mechanic (Fairy Meadow, 1949); shiftman (Charlestown, 1954); electrical mechanic (Charlestown, 1958); railway employee (New Lambton, 1958)

===''POTTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Charles Pottie|Pottie, Norman Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V3D-JFZ] - 1909(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HQ Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931; Hunters Hill, 1933-1938; Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 589, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933; Hunters Hill, 1936-1937; Albury, 1943; Willoughby, 1949-1958)
===''POULSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valdemar Poulsen|Poulsen, Valdemar]] - 1869(Denmark)-1942(Denmark) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - inventor of a magnetic wire recorder, Poulsen arc transmitter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [[w:Valdemar Poulsen|Wikipedia]]; [https://ethw.org/Valdemar_Poulsen IEEE]; [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Valdemar-Poulsen Britannica]
===''POWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Power|Power, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PRESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Arthur Campbell Preston|Preston, Thomas Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDV-FFD] - 1886(Tas)-1970(Tas) - Licences: 7BK Queenstown (1923-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 190, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Mount Lyell Co (electrical engineer, 1920s; chief engineer) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Queenstown, 1919-1954)
===''PRESTON-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cedric Preston-Smith see Cedric Preston Smith

===''PRICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Clarey Price|Price, John Clarey &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7GR-V19] - 1884(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4CE (Receive) 1922; 4FI or 4FJ Brisbane (Bardon, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); radio business proprietor (Wireless House); public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wooloowin, 1912-1913); public servant (Bardon Estate, 1919-1936; Bardon, 1943-1954)
* [[/Keith Ferguson Price|Price, Keith Ferguson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-TPD] - 1900(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4KF Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1937-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1937, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1926); engineering instructor (Camp Hill, Qld, 1937-1943); electrical engineer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PRIDDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Arthur Priddle|Priddle, Raymond Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-PNF] - 1913(NSW)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Bathurst (1929-1936); 2RA Sydney (Marrickville, 1938-1939; Greenwich, 1946; Pymble, 1947-1961; Wahroonga, 1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 473, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Yass, 1935; Marrickville, 1936-1943; Lane Cove, 1943; Pymble, 1949-1963); engineer (Wahroonga, 1968)
===''PRIDEAUX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Charles Prideaux|Prideaux, Joseph Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-Y6H] - 1908(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4DS Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: musician (Lismore, NSW, 1935-1943); hairdresser (Lismore, NSW, 1949-1968)
===''PRIDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Clifford Pridham|Pridham, Leslie Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK2-H6C] - 1916(SA)-2007(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2047, 1937, SA; BOCP 301, 1940; 1COCP 834, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Lockleys, SA, 1943)

===''PRINCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Prince|Prince, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKT-ZLR] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5WK Adelaide (Walkerville, 1934-1939; Kurralta Park, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1358, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Queenstown, SA, 1941); fitter (Gracemere, SA, 1943); sheet metal worker (Broadview Gardens, SA, 1943)

===''PROPOSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilhelm Carl Lormann Proposch|Proposch, Wilhelm or William Carl Lormann or Forman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVN-TGW] - 1900(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4PL Chinchilla (1937-1939); 4PL Nanango (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1986, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wellborer (Maclargan via Jondaryan, Qld, 1925-1936); radio dealer (Chinchilla, Qld, 1937; Nanango, Qld, 1943-1968)

===''PRYZBILLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Alfred Pryzibilla|Pryzibilla, Colin Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKD-1SY] - 1910(SA)-2001(SA)91yo - Licences: 5XJ Adelaide (Parkside, 1935-1939, 19471960; Brooklyn Park, 1965-1969; Ascot Park, 1975; Plympton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1590, 1935, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PURDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Commodore Vere Purdon|Purdon, Commodore Vere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ28-Y6B] - 1901(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1922); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1922; Hobart South, 1928; Bellerive, 1936-1954)

=='''Q'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''QUICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Quick|Quick, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKWF-QQF] - 1852(Eng)-1932(Vic) - state politician (MLA Vic, 1880s &amp; 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1909-1910), oversight of 1909 Melbourne Wireless Telegraphy Conference - Links: [[w:John_Quick_(politician)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/quick-sir-john-8140 ADB]
===''QUIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Quin|Quin, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-TP8] - 1910(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6CX Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937; Wembley, 1938-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 678, 1930, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 178, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wembley Park, 1937); accountant (Swanbourne, 1963); retire (Swanbourne, 1972-1977)

=='''R'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''RADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Dynan Radford|Radford, Wilfred or William Dynan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/92MT-KNF] - 1916(Qld)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4WV Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); 4WW Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1624, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: theological student (Hunters Hill, NSW, 1943); clergyman (Toongabbie, NSW, 1954); priest (Marist College, Armidale, NSW, 1958; Toongabbie, NSW, 1963-1968; Hunters Hill, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RAGLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Beaumont Ragless|Ragless, Gordon Beaumont]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMY3-58F] - 1909(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5GR Adelaide (St Marys, 1928-1939; Marion, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 434, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchard assistant (St Marys, 1939-1943)

===''RAINBOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Rainbow|Rainbow, Christopher James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87K-BB5] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Melbourne (Preston, 1928-1954; West Preston, 1955-1969; Rosebud, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 406, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, partnership (Supreme Radio Co, Preston ?-1932), WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Preston, 1931-1942); traveller (Preston, 1949-1972; Rosebud, 1977); retired (Rosebud, 1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3PA Percy James Anderson
===''RAMSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Ramsay|Ramsay, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-4RT] - 1871(Eng)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Toowong, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hermit Park, Qld, 1903-1905; South Brisbane, Qld, 1912; West End, Qld, 1915-1919); accountant (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925; Waverley, NSW, 1930-1934); teacher (Waverley, NSW, 1936-1943)
* [[/Robert Ramsay|Ramsay, Robert ]] - 1842(Sct)-1882(Vic) - solicitor, Victorian politician, Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1874 - Aug 1875; Oct 1875 - May 1877)

===''RANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Otto Randell|Randell, Charles Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97TF-XLP] - 1880(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BK Innisfail (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (callsign to 4BK Brisbane commercial 1930) - Comment: 4AC Leslie Waters employed by Randell Engineering - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Hambledon, 1903); chemist (Goondi, 1908); engineer (Innisfail, 1912-1913); mechanical engineer (Townsville, 1915); analytical chemist (Innisfail, 1919-1930); agent (Toowong, 1936); chemist (Brisbane, 1937); industrial chemist (North Sydney, 1949)
===''RANKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Ronald Rankin|Rankin, Kenneth Ronald &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2RC-8FS] - 1906(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3KR Kerang (1926-1939); 3KR Benalla (1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 242, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kerang, 1928-1937); manager (Benalla, 1949-1963) - Probate: Theatre Manager (Benalla, 1965)
===''RANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Rann|Rann, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDG-VMV] - 1908(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6KO Perth (Nedlands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1000, 1932, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Nedlands, WA, 1931); printer (West Subiaco, WA, 1936; Wembley, WA, 1937-1943; Leederville, WA, 1954-1958); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1963-1972)

===''RAYNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Rayner|Rayner, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQQ-2LK] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LJ Sydney (Stanmore, 1928-1930; Belmore, 1931-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 384, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 425, 1933; 1COCP 335, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Annandale, 1930); constable (Belmore, 1933-1934); police constable (Belmore, 1937-1949)

===''READ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Earl Read|Read, Alfred Earl &quot;Earl&quot;]] - 1892(NZ)-1960(NZ) - journalist (editor NZ Radio Times to 1936; editor and proprietor, Australasian Radio World 1936-1940; manager, Australasian Radio World 1940+)
* [[/Allan William Read|Read, Allan William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1B-WF2] - 1913(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6LK Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1933); 6LK Northam (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 735, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 163, 1934; 1COCP 83, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broadcasting Station, Northam, WA, 1936-1937); radio technician (North Perth, WA, 1943-1958); public servant (Nollamara, WA, 1963-1980)

===''READER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/d'Arcy Harold Reader|Reader, d'Arcy Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KX-8N8] - 1888(NZ)-1952(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 123, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Thursday Island, Qld, 1916-1917)

===''READING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Reading|Reading, Edward Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZW7-9DL] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2RG Bangalow (1925-1929), 2LT Lismore (1965-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, electrician, Reading Bros (proprietor &amp; electrical engineer, 1930-1939), 2RG callsign may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 2RG Griffith commercial
* [[/Leonard William Reading|Reading, Leonard William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2LY-H23] - 1904(WA)-1989(WA) - Licences: 6LR Northam (1933-1936); 3TQ Newport (1937); 6LR Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939; South Perth, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1200, 1933, Vic; 1COCP 384, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Northam, WA, 1925-1936; Newport, Vic, 1937); airman (South Perth, WA, 1943); supervisor (Karinup, WA, 1980)

===''REDDROP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Reddrop|Reddrop, James William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1T-SYY] - 1906(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Launceston (1934-1937); 3BN Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 28, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: airman (Elsternwick, 1931; St Kilda, 1937); air force (Elsternwick, 1942-1954); air force officer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1958); RAAF officer (Campbell, 1963); retired (Hackett, ACT, 1968); representative (Tbre Lake, 1972-1980)

===''REED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Griffiths Reed|Reed, Joseph Griffiths &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC6Y-GZZ] - 1897(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: XABP Newcastle (1914); 2JR Sydney(Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Croydon, 1934-1939; Northbridge, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 710, 1922; 1COCP 235, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Summer Hill, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1943-1968)

===''REEDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Bennett Reedman|Reedman, Alfred Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZLN-MVM] - 1896(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Norman Park, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919-1921; Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1980)

===''REES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Montague Elyder Rees|Rees, Richard Montague Elyder]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXW-S6Y] - 1901(Eng)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 2RE Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1927; Coogee, 1928-1930); 2WM Sydney (Enfield, 1931-1933); 2APW Albury (1946-1947); 3APW Darling (1948-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 296, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 959, 1927; 2COCP 283, 1930; BOCP 107, 1937; 1COCP 941, 1945 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Enfield, 1931-1937)

===''REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Dwyer Reilly|Reilly, Edward or Edwin Dwyer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S5-67P] - 1913(Vic)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (Woodville, 1935-1939; Brooklyn Park, 1947-1975; Aldinga, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1524, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Woodville, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Eric Harold Reilly|Reilly, Eric Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L153-S1X] - 1905(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4ER Brisbane (Hill End, 1934-1937); 4ER Laidley (1938-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1339, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ, WICEN) - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Hill End, Qld, 1934-1937); motor mechanic (Laidley, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''REIMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Alwin Reimann|Reimann, Albert Alwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4RD-V3K] - 1905(SA)-1946(SA) - Licences: 5JO Adelaide (Kent Town, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 453, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''REINARTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John L. Reinartz|Reinartz, John L.]] - 1894(Ger)-1964(USA) - 1QP (1908-?), 1XAM, W3RB, K6BJ USA, amateur operator, with Fred Schnell made first Trans-Atlantic 2 Way QSO with F8AB Leon Deloy
===''REINHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Cyril Reinhold|Reinhold, Edwin Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHH4-WWR] - 1900(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: Q747 Receive Brisbane (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clayfield, 1925); motor mechanic (Gracefield, 1931-1949); soldier (Sherwood, 1954-1980)

===''RENNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rennie|Rennie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HI Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. M. Rennie|Rennie, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QF Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/K. M. Rennie|Rennie, K. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AO Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RENSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Phillip Renshaw|Renshaw, Walter Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9KS-1LX] - 1891(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: XFP Sydney (Roseville, 1912-1914); 2DE Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 370, 1918 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator - amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIA NSW - 1912+, President, Federal President); professional clubs (IRE NSW - founding member); business (consulting engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Hon. Sec. WIA NSW) - Comment: late 1930s entangled in a NSW State Government corruption enquiry - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Roseville, 1936-1954; Ashfield, 1958-1968)
===''RENWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Griffith Renwick|Renwick, Arthur Griffith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-8XV] - 1902(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2CG Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 292, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Roseville, 1930-1937); chemist (Drummoyne, 1943-1954); retail chemist (Strathfield, 1958-1963)

===''RETALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Moncrieff Retallick|Retallick, James Moncrieff]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKK3-QDW] - 1898(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2XO Bellingen (1930-1939, 1946-1947); 2FE Portable Bellingen (1933-1939); 2XO Raleigh (1948-1955); 2XO Coffs Harbour (1956-1958); 2XO Urunga (1960-1969);  - Qualifications: AOCP 664, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: attendant (Substation, Raleigh, 1949-1954); electrical mechanic (Urunga, 1963-1968)

===''REYNOLDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Daniel Reynolds|Reynolds, George Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9J-VBQ] - 1886(NZ)-1964(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 180, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1917; Cooktown, 1928); radio (Malvern, 1934-1937); wireless operator (New Farm, 1943); radio station manager (Townsville, 1949); retired (Malvern, 1954-1963)

===''RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Rhodes|Rhodes, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BS-QMC] - 1887?(???)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Kadina (1923); 5HR Kadina (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Needs more research - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quorn, 1939-1943; Grassmere, 1943)

===''RIBBETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Ribbett|Ribbett, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQQ-YRJ] - 1880(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''RICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fry Rich|Rich, Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-YZ3] - 1873(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 4CR Fife Bay, Papua - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Father of 4VX 2AJZ 9VX 2API Mackendrick Charles William Rich - Electoral Rolls: retired (Chatswood, NSW, 1943-1949)
* [[/Mackendrick Charles William Rich|Rich, Mackendrick Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-5MB] - 1903(PNG)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 4VX Samarai, Papua (1938-1939); 2AJZ Sydney (Chatswood, 1946); 9VX Port Moresby (1947-1948); 2API Sydney (Manly Vale, 1954-1955; Balgowlah, 1956-1969; Manly Vale, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 4CR Charles Fry Rich - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Manly Vale, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Manly Vale, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RICHARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. F. Richards|Richards, G. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (Moonah, 1923); 2237 Hobart (Moonah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/George Richards|Richards, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDM-JZ6] - 1888(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4XK Ipswich (1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 575, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mine manager (Silkstone, 1917-1932; Booval, 1936-1958)
* [[/Maurice Evans Richards|Richards, Maurice Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-KPB] - 1910(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5CY Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); 5MR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 369, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Likely a relation of 5WR Wilfred Mayo Richards - Electoral Rolls: welder (Millswood East, SA, 1943) 
* [[/Norman Henry Richards|Richards, Norman Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-NL1] - 1912(Eng)-2007(Qld) - Licences: 4NR Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1932-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1071, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1937); mechanic (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1943); refrigeration engineer (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1963-1968); retired (Glasshouse Mountains, Qld, 1972-1977; Tin Can Bay, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Victor John Richards|Richards, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-3HH] - 1916(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6JR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1894, 1937, WA; 2COCP 265, 1939; 1COCP 367, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Nedlands, WA, 1937); radio operator (Alice Springs, NT, 1943); machinery assistant (Wivenhoe, Tas, 1949); radio technician (Darlinghurst West, NSW, 1949; Charters Towers, Qld, 1949)); radio operator (Carlingford, NSW, 1954); radio technician (Blacktown, NSW, 1958); technician (Applecross, WA, 1958-1972); radio officer (Applecross, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Mayo Richards|Richards, Wilfred Mayo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-6W4] - 1896(SA)-1948(SA) - 5WR Adelaide (Medindie Gardens, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 364, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - certainly a relation of 5MR Maurice Evans Richards

===''RICHARDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Kennington Richardson|Richardson, Alan Kennington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRM-73L] - 1914(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5AR Adelaide (Everard Park, 1934-1939; City, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1277, 1934, SA; AOLCP 201, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Everard Park, SA, 1939)
* [[/Jasper Bede Richardson|Richardson, Jasper Bede]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-LTY] - 1907(WA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 6LX Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1933; Hollywood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 831, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (East Fremantle, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Hollywood, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943; East Fremantle, WA, 1949); mechanic (Bicton, WA, 1954-1968)
* [[/John Keith Richardson|Richardson, John Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QQ-76P] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Tas) - Licences: 4KR Barcaldine (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: overseer (&quot;Ashgrove&quot;, Gore, 1930-1932)

===''RICKABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorimer Douglas Rickaby|Rickaby, Lorimer Douglas &quot;Rick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMR4-Z8W] - 1906(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4VR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Coopers Plains, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 485, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4VL, 4AK, 4BK); military (WW2, RAN); ship wireless officer; security officer (MSS) - Relationships: father of 4RX Brian ??? Rickaby; father-in-law of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1931-1934); radio engineer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949);  meter reader (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1958-1972) 
* [[/Brian ??? Rickaby|Rickaby, Brian ???]] - Licences: 4ZAP Brisbane (Coopers Plains, 1960); 4RX Brisbane (Salisbury, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOLCP; AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; broadcast engineer (Qld State Broadcasting Office, P&amp;TD / DoC / DoTaC / ABA) - Relationships: son of 4VR Lorimer Douglas Rickaby; husband of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls:

===''RIETHMULLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Riethmuller|Riethmuller, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64Z-XCL] - 1903(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4SK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 250, 1930; 1COCP 299, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jandowae, 1936); radio technician (Wellington, NSW, 1937; Moorooka, 1943); radio operator (Darlinghurst, 1949; Wahroonga, 1963-1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1972-1980)
===''RING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Mostyn Ring|Ring, Keith Mostyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB8-YR7] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5KH Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1932-1939, 1947-1948; Marion, 1954; Eden Hills, 1955-1969); 5KH Williamstown (1975); 5KH Kapunda (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 923, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Jamestown, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Leo Ring|Ring, Thomas Leo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-D97] - 1893(Vic)-1945(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 233, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1916; Sandgate, 1921); clerical assistant (Bowen, Qld, 1925); postmaster (Texas, 1930-1937); retired (Hendra, Qld, 1943)

===''RIPPEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Adolf Heinrich Gerhard Rippen|Rippen, Adolf Heinrich Gerhard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-QSB] - 1919(WA)-1941(Off coast of Kenya) - Licences: 6GR Perth (Fremantle, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1731, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, HMAS Sydney II, Telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fremantle, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.sydneymemorial.com/registrydetails.asp?ID=478 HMAS Sydney II Memorial]; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/644953 VWMA]; [http://www.streetwisemedia.com.au/unknown-sydney-sailor-named-after-80-years/ Streetwise]

===''RIVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Ronald Rivers|Rivers, Edmund Ronald or Ronald Edmund]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJH-V2S] - 1901(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3ER Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1922-1923); 3ER Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 767, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RIX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Henry George Rix|Rix, Walter Henry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MMQX-KZQ] - 1898(Qld)-1923(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Receive Brisbane (Bulimba, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: tram conductor (Valley, Qld, 1919-1921)

===''ROBBINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Fellows Robbins|Robbins, Thomas Fellows]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-2SL] - 1918(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5DK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1935-1937; Malvern, 1938-1939); 5AQ Leigh Creek (1954-1960); 5AQ Port Augusta (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1548, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Malvern, SA, 1941-1943)

===''ROBERTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles D'Arcy Roberts|Roberts, Charles D'Arcy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-VBN] - 1909(NSW)-1943(Burma) - licences: 2JV Sydney (Greenwich, 1928-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 408, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (signalman, 8 Division Signals, 1943) - Electoral rolls: clerk (Lane Cove, 1930-1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Harry Mayland Roberts|Roberts, Harry Mayland or Mayfield (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLH-KKF] - 1912(SA)-1979(SA) - Licences: 5MY Adelaide (Alberton East, 1931; Myrtle Bank, 1938-1939; Fullarton Estate, 1947-1954; Plympton, 1955-1965; North Plympton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 763, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Myrtle Bank, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/J. C. A. Roberts|Roberts, J. C. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAAY Sydney (Parramatta, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Identification: Not yet identified, despite three given names - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Nicholas William Roberts|Roberts, Nicholas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-XKV] - 1915(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5NR Adelaide (St Peters, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1228, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, age 21yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Noel Grafton Roberts|Roberts, Noel Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRD-CCL] - 1924(Eng)-2008(Eng) - Licences: 5NR Katherine (1947) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 589, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio inspector (Tally Ho, Vic, 1967-1968; Glen Waverley, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/Richard George Crafter Roberts|Roberts, Richard George Crafter or Crofter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWFZ-Z24] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2UU Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 750, 1922; 2COCP 430, 1933; 1COCP 505, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ashfield, 1933-1936; Lovetts Bay, 1943; Chatswood, 1949-1958)
* [[/Russell Flexmore Roberts|Roberts, Russell Flexmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL4K-265] - 18??-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4PN Brisbane (West End, 1927-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 372, 1927, No. 41 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; television experimenter (4CM); broadcaster (4BC, manager) - Electoral Rolls: musical director (South Brisbane, 1919); musician (Coorparoo, 1934); manager (Yeronga, 1936-1937); alderman (Annerley, 1954)
* [[/V. Roberts|Roberts, V.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBERTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Desmond Robertson|Robertson, Brian Desmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-W63] - 1921(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 1RD Macquarie Island (1950s); 5RD Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 998, 1946 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/David Sterling Robertson|Robertson, David Sterling]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-F7H] - 1920(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Mt Lofty, 1937-1939, 1948-1965); 1ATR Canberra (Deakin, 1956; Yarralumla, 1960); 5RN Adelaide (Stirling, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1944, 1937, SA; 2COCP 346, 1940; 1COCP 405, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 5YL-1YL Denise Alison Robertson nee Haslam - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (North Sydney, 1943)
* [[/Denise Alison Robertson|Robertson nee Haslam, Denise Alison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-JWG] - 1927(NSW)-2008(SA) - Licences: 1YL Canberra (Yarralumla, 1960-1965); 5YL Adelaide (Stirling, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3552, 1956, ACT - amateur operator; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 5RN-1ATR David Sterling Robertson - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Robinson|Robinson, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1G8-ZJ2] - 1900(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Hunter's Hill, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 498/499, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical meter tester (Haberfield, 1933-1936) - 2GR callsign previously held by Joseph Sydney Marks
* [[/Arthur Robinson|Robinson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-4PP] - 1926(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ABF Sale (1948-1956); 3ABF Melbourne (Croydon, 1960); 3ABF Traralgon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2710, 1948, Vic; TVOCP 184, 1959 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Croydon, 1963); PMG TV technician (Traralgon, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles John Robinson|Robinson, Charles John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJD-DC5] - 1908(Tas)-2004(???) - Licences: 7RC Launceston (1936-1937); 7KR Launceston (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1668, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carter (Launceston, 1936-1937); cordial maker (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John William Robinson|Robinson, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7H-Q61] - 1895(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2EN Receive Sydney (Ryde, 1922-1923); 2RN Receive Sydney (Concord, 1923); 4RN Brisbane (Kedron, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur broadcaster; Honorary Radio Inspector NSW; First director 4QG - Comment: several contemporaneous JWRs - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Merthyr, Qld, 1925-1926); radio engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1928); engineer (Herston, 1936-1937)

===''ROBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Laudreux Robson|Robson, Colin Laudreux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYV-TL8] - 1916(WA)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6XI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1937-1939); 6XI Northam (1947-1948); 6XI Waterloo (1954-1960); 6XI bunbury (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 181, 1936; AOCP 2055, 1937, WA; BOCP 234, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (6AM Quarters, Northam, WA, 1949; 6TZ, Waterloo, WA, 1958-1963; Bunbury, WA, 1968-1972)

===''ROCKWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Bruce Rockwell|Rockwell, Horace Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K882-BWV] - 1887(Tas)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XQH Brisbane (Wynnum) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; WW1; WW2; a founder of Wireless Institute of Queensland 1912 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1913; Wynnum, Qld, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Enoggera, Qld, 1919; Chelmer, Qld, 1925); electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1936-1937); soldier (Middle Head, NSW, 1943); engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1949)

===''RODDA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William David Rodda|Rodda, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WK-4JB] - 1907(WA)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WR Perth (Claremont, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 435, 1928, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1191, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Claremont, 1931-1936; Nedlands, 1937; Claremont, 1943); control operator (Nedlands, 1949-1954); technician (Perth, 1958)

===''RODWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Rodwell|Rodwell, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWX8-VG7] - 1909(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Bowen Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1936-1937); grocer (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); company manager (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1968); bookseller (Aspley, Qld, 1972)

===''ROGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Stanley Rogers|Rogers, Bernard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPV-L34] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FG Adelaide (Blackwood, 1934-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1948; Glandore, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1274, 1934, SA; 1COCP 907, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Edwardstown, SA, 1939-1943)

===''ROHDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Campbell Rohde|Rohde, William Campbell &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76S-GRF] - 1907(Qld)-1991(Qld) - Licences: 4RW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 493, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (YWCA Wireless Club); comms engineer (PMGD); broadcast engineer (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Red Hill, 1934-1943; Newmarket, 1949); postal engineer (Coorparoo, 1958-1980)

===''ROLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Rolls|Rolls, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-V3F] - 1886(???)-1957(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Auburn, Vic, 1916-1919); naval officer (Camberwell, Vic, 1924-1925); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1928-1949)

===''ROSCOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Thomas Roscoe|Roscoe, Geoffrey Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QR-GJY] - 1900(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Receive Condamine (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Condamine, Qld, 1925; Macknade, Qld, 1936-1937; Boonah, Qld, 1943); retired (St Lucia, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''ROSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William (Qld) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-JJM] - 1911(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4RR Brisbane (1925); 4RQ Longreach (1930-1939, 1946-1948); 2AQR Wallsend (1956-1961); 2AQR Avoca (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 576, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; chemist - Comment: Another Robert William Rose b1923 BOCP 993 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowong, 1925); chemist (Longreach, 1936-1949; West Wallsend, 1958-1963; Avoca Beach, 1968)
* [[/Robert William (Vic) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Vic)]] - 1923(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 993, 1948; 3AIR 1790, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROSENSKJAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rosenskjar|Rosenskjar, F.]] - 19??-19?? - 4?? Brisbane (Fairfield) (Operator 4BI), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''ROSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander David Ross|Ross, Alexander David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68V-KFR] - 1883(Sct)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Professor of Mathematics &amp; Physics, University of Perth) - Electoral Rolls: university professor (Perth Club, 1916; West Perth, 1925-1954); retired (Albany, WA, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-alexander-david-8270 ADB]; [[w:Alexander_David_Ross|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.news.uwa.edu.au/archive/201206204747/features/setting-standards-excellence/ UWA]
* [[/John Francis Ross|Ross, John Francis &quot;Jack&quot;]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer (PMGD); journalist (editor, The Broadcaster); historian (broadcasting, Amateur Radio, radiocommunications); author (&quot;History of Radio in South Australia&quot;; &quot;Radio Broadcast Technology&quot;) - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROUTLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Angus Routledge|Routledge, Robert Angus &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX2-BDP] - 1913(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5RA Adelaide (Richmond, 1930-1931; Henley Beach, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 679, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Henley, 1939); radio technician (Henley, 1941); physics technician (Glenelg, 1943)

===''ROWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. L. Rowe|Rowe, R. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2LR Sydney (Milsons Point, 1928; McMahons Point, 1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 267, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ROWLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert George Rowland|Rowland, Robert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH14-G2J] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Ballarat (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 657, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Grovedale, 1924); storekeeper (Majorca, 1925-1927; Ballarat, 1931); radio dealer (Ballarat, 1936-1980) - Don't Confuse: 3ZGG/3AFS Robert George Rowlands

===''ROWLATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Rowlatt|Rowlatt, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCMJ-HZT] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1915-1921); engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1925-1937); mechanical engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1943-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''ROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Roy|Roy, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 577, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator?; amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Individual not yet identified (115 Skene St, Warrnambool, Vic - 1930)
===''ROYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Arthur Kirkcaldy Royle|Royle, William Arthur Kirkcaldy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ13-BBQ] - 1909(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2WA Sydney (Edgecliff, 1927-1928); 2AWK Sydney (Darling Point, 1946-1950; Sandringham, 1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 318, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: underwriter (Edgecliff, 1936-1954); agent (Sandringham, 1958)

===''RUBAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Peter Ruban|Ruban, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-DMS] - 1925(???)-2015(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Footscray North, 1963-1968); technician (Maidstone, Vic, 1972-1980)
===''RUMBOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Rumbold|Rumbold, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VKD-BSQ] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Bendigo (1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 349, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Bendigo, 1928); insurance agent (Kyneton, 1931; Shepparton, 1931; Bendigo, 1936-1937); assistant superintendent (Bendigo, 1942-1954); cabinet maker (Bendigo, 1963-1972)
===''RUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Ruse|Ruse, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZMB-QWY] - 1891(Vic)-1987(WA)95yo - Licences: 6WK Perth (Perth City, 1930-1931; Osborne Park, 1933-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 627, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Osborne Park, 1916-1972); retired (Bunbury, 1977-1980)

===''RYAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Ryan|Ryan, Albert John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWH-V6X] - 1897(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 2LE Canberra (Kingston, 1930-1933); 2YN Canberra (Kingston, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: CPRT 489, 1919; AOLCP 80, 1932; no record of AOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; broadcast engineer; PMGD (junior mechanic NSW, 1917; clerk, 1919); founder of 2CA Canberra commercial - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AJR's
* [[/George Edward Ryan|Ryan, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-RCC] - 1910(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Dutton Park, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1633, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; telephone mechanic (PMGD) - Comment: several contemporaneous GERs - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943-1954); PMG Instructor (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); instructor (Taringa, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''RYMILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Campbell Rymill|Rymill, Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXVS-CTB] - 1907(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Riddoch Rymill|Rymill, Robert Riddoch]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5N-YC9] - 1904(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: V753 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GX Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ethnologist (South Yarra, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/535352 WW2]

=='''S'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''SAAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Saar|Saar, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ52-N3K] - 1889(???)-1956(WA) - Licences: 6CZ Receive Perth (West Perth, 1923); 6CZ Northam (1923-1925); 6KM Eucla (1926-1927); 6KM Geraldton (1933); 6KM Perth (Maylands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 264, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph lineman (North Perth, WA, 1915); postal electrician (Northam, WA, 1917); mechanic (Bunbury, WA, 1916-1917; Balkatta, WA, 1922; Eucla, WA, 1925-1926; North Perth, WA, 1928; Maylands, WA, 1931); postal electrician (Maylands, WA, 1936-1954)

===''SAGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Noel Sagar|Sagar, Eric Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-4J9] - 1896(SA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 5CM Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); 5CM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1924-1926); 4ES Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Halcyon: Not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: manager (Greenslopes, Qld, 1932); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949); orchardist (Kincumber, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''SAINSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Henry Sainsbury|Sainsbury, Rupert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L28X-5H3] - 1896(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1924-1936); 4YJ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1946-1954; Epping, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 54, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930); traveller (Hendra, 1936-1937); soldier (Norman Park, 1943); executive (Concord West, 1949-1954); commercial traveller (Epping, 1958-1968)
===''SAINTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Melville Sainty|Sainty, Clifford Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ61-1GZ] - 1907(NSW)-1987(SA) - 2MS Warrawee (1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 88, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, likely related to XAH S. J. Sainty

===''SALAMY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Salamy|Salamy, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZHH-VWR] - 1904(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AJ Receive Warrnambool (1922-1923); 3AJ Warrnambool (1924-1933); 3PS Warrnambool (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 35, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Warrnambool, 1924-1977)

===''SAMPHIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Luke Samphier|Samphier, Richard Luke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58L-DPC] - 1914(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6YZ Perth (City, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1938-1939; Carlisle, 1947-1955; Mt Lawley, 1956-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1717, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: blind school worker (North Perth, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1943); Blind School employee (Carlisle, WA, 1949-1954; Mt Lawley, WA, 1958)

===''SANDEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Sandel|Sandel, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4J-54J] - 1905(Qld)-1999(NSW) - 2UW Sydney (Manly, 1923; Kensington, 1923-1924; Northbridge, 1924-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1926-1927); 2HH Sydney (Woollahra, 1936-1939, 1946-1969; Bondi, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 270, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; founder B class 2UW Sydney &amp; 2UX Wagga Wagga - don't confuse Charles Albert Sandell of AAE fame - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Woolahra, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1933; Edgecliff, 1936-1937; Bondi Junction, 1943-1954; Bondi Beach, 1958-1980)

===''SANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Albert Sandell|Sandell, Charles Albert]] - 1886(Eng)-1980(WA) - early wireless experimenter, Sydney, 1911, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in ???), participant in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, amateur broadcaster, military (WW1), don't confuse Otto Sandel of 2UW fame
===''SANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Sander|Sander, John Henry &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K6WF-H23] - 1906(WA)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MS Geraldton (1935-1937); 6MS Perth (Cannington, 1938-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1435, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wheelwright (Geraldton, WA, 1930); electrician (Geraldton, WA, 1931-1937); telephone mechanic (South Perth, WA, 1937; Cannington, WA, 1943-1954)

===''SANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas George Sanderson|Sanderson, Douglas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WZJ-2K3] - 1924(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast engineer (PMGD); historian (broadcast); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Torwood, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Ashgrove, Qld, 1958-1968); engineer (Chermside, Qld, 1972; Windsor, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SANDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Keith Sandham|Sandham, James Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''SAUNDERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lewis Saunders|Saunders, Alfred Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-FMS] - 1909(SA)-2003(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923-1924); 5BX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1925-1939, 1946-1955; Plympton, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 223, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Glenelg, 1939-1943)

===''SAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Saw|Saw, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S9-JN3] - 1884(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6DA Perth (Armadale, 1923-1926; Victoria Park, 1927); 6DA Albany (1930-1931); 6DA Perth (Wanneroo, 1933; North Perth, 1937-1939); 6DA Northam (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 174, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storekeeper (Armadale, 1909); electrician (Beverley, 1916-1917; Armadale, 1921-1925; Albany, 1928-1931; Balkatta, 1936; Leederville, 1937; Kalgoorlie, 1937-1943); mechanic (North Perth, 1949); retired (Triggs Island, 1954)
* [[/Malcolm Henry Saw|Saw, Malcolm Henry ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVCY-H9M] - 1921(WA)-1997(WA) - 6SM Perth (Doubleview, 1960-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 3674, 1958, No. ?? in WA), WW2, engineer (Doubleview, 1972)
===''SAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Sawford|Sawford, Leonard Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LF7J-2XK] - 1908(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5DH Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); 5LF Adelaide (Peterhead, 1925-1928; West Croydon, 1931; Largs, 1937-1939); 5YF Adelaide (Glen Osmond, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 173, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; agent (Largs, 1939) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Largs, SA, 1939-1941)

===''SCANLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Scanlon|Scanlon, William Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKG-3XR] - 1901(Tas)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1921-1923); 7AL Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (Medhursts, Hobart to 1924, Launceston from 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harley Irwin Schell|Schell, Harley Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-PV8] - 1907(Tas)-1996(Tas) - Licences: 7AW Receive West Burnie (1922); Receive West Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kelso, 1936-1972)
===''SCHLEICHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Schleicher|Schleicher, Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D4-5RS] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - 4KS Brisbane (Toowong, 1938-1939, 1946-1947; Alderley, -1950+; Aspley, McDowall, -1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2144, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), radio employee (Tracksons, manager service), business proprietor (Blue &amp; White Cabs comms)
===''SCHMIDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Frederick Schmidt|Schmidt, Ronald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88P-1B9] - 1913(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LY Trafalgar (1930); 3LY Moe (1931); 3LY Sale (1933-1939, 1946-1948); 3LY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 567, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 69, 1932; 1COCP 72, 1936; TVOCP 75, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sale, 1934-1937); radio technician (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Camberwell, 1954-1980)
===''SCHNITZERLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Joseph Schnitzerling|Schnitzerling, Leonard Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G885-W43] - 1907(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Warwick (1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2099, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, 1928-1968)

===''SCHOFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Schofield|Schofield, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-69N] - 1874(Eng)-1971(WA)97yo - Licences: 6WS Perth (Peppermint Grove, 1935-1939, 1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1463, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1919); broker (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1922-1968)

===''SCHOLZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hans Scholz|Scholz, Hans &quot;Harold&quot; / &quot;Harry&quot; / &quot;Tibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-CV3] - 19??(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1931); 4HR Nambour (1933); 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937); 4HR Gladstone (1937-1939); 4HR Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 784, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ; South Brisbane RC; Brisbane DX Club); broadcast technician (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); mechanic (Dalby, 1943); not stated (Morningside, 1949-1968)

===''SCHULTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Nelson Schultz|Schultz, Leonard Nelson &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJY-QBF] - 1906(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1922); 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1923-1930); 2ANM Sydney (Mosman, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 171, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 45, 1931; 3AIR 176, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (co-designed 2GB, 1926; involved 2CA, 4BH, 2MW, 5DN); professional associations (IRE: foundation member, vice-president, president); aviator (Royal Aero Club NSW, committee) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting engineer (Mosman, 1935-1937); engineer (Mosman, 1949-1977)
===''SCHULTZE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Ludwig Schultze|Schultze, John Edwin Ludwig]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTB-9FL] - 1906(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3QO Receive Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1923-1924), 3JS Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1925-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 163, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, motor mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934)

===''SCOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil John Scott|Scott, Alfred Cecil John &quot;Cecil&quot;, &quot;Cec&quot;, &quot;Scottie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M12J-9YK] - 1888(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Launceston (1923); 7CS Launceston (1925-1931); 7CS Hobart (Lindisfarne, 1933; Sandy Bay, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 56, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well-known for comic QSL cards - Electoral Rolls: bench clerk (Nelson, 1936; Hobart South, 1943-1954)
* [[/Ernest Kilburn Scott|Scott, Ernest Kilburn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBDW-TBR] - 1868(Eng)-1941(Eng) - Came to Sydney in 1905 to organise electrical engineering department of University of Sydney, likely early wireless experimenter, promoted need for wireless telegraphy for Australia, returned to England ca 1910 - [https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Ernest_Kilburn_Scott Graces Guide - Ernest Kilburn Scott]
* [[/Francis Ladner Scott|Scott, Francis Ladner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHK-DTF] - 1899(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4BO Thursday Island (1933); 2UH Sydney (Randwick, 1934-1936; Naremburn, 1937-1938; La Perouse, 1939 - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 419, 1918; 2COCP 360, 1931; 1COCP 33, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal wireless operator; military (UK Merchant Navy post WW1) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1925); radio telegraphist (Pinkenba, Qld, 1929; Thursday Island, Qld, 1931; Randwick, NSW, 1935; Waverton, NSW, 1943; Wyndham, WA, 1943; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)
* [[/George Archibald Scott|Scott, George Archibald &quot;Scotty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G682-TGN] - 1882(Eng)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 607, 1921; 1COCP 181, 1931 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); PMGD (radio inspector, WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as radio inspector, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, 1913-1914; Hendra, 1915-1917); radio inspector (Fremantle, 1925-1937) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84253651 Bio]
* [[/Herbert Godfrey Scott|Scott, Herbert Godfrey &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-JFJ] - 1902(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4HS Toowoomba (1931-1937); 4HS Brisbane (Albion, 1938-1939; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 750, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1925-1936; Albion, 1943-1968)
* [[/Jack Bartlett Scott|Scott, Jack Bartlett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-FLR] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NR Sydney (Epping, 1930-1934); 2AJX Sydney (Cheltenham, 1938-1939; Epping, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 685, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Epping, 1933-1935); engineer (Epping, 1949; Wahroonga, 1954-1968); retired (Carlingford, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Ochiltree Scott|Scott, Robert Ochiltree]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-5SX] - 1898(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 2RS Gundagai (1929-1931); 2RS Balranald (1933); 3OS Scotsburn (1937-1939); 3OS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 476, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Ballarat, 1920-1924); farmer (Murrayville, 1925-1927; Gundagai, 1930); mechanic (South Yarra, 1943; Melbourne, 1949)
* [[/Robert Townley Scott|Scott, Robert Townley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7YC-MBK] - 1841(Eng)-1922(Qld) - senior state public servant (secretary, Qld Post &amp; Telegraph Dept), senior federal public servant (secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
* [[/W. F. Scott|Scott, W. F.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane (West End) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 334, 1927, No. 37 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: likely father of H. S. Scott who was reported youngest ever to pass AOCP at age 16 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter Henry Scott|Scott, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76Z-11G] - 1904(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923); 5HS Clare (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1888, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clare, SA, 1939); telephone mechanic (Glenelg, SA, 1941-1943)

===''SEBIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Dudley Sebire|Sebire, Leon Dudley &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-QX5] - 1932(Vic)-2006(Vic) - Licences: 3CF Melbourne (Wandin North, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: 2COCP 1319, 1955; 1COCP 1786, 1955 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, director Telstra Broadcasting Branch - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Wandin Yallock, 1954); engineer (Mordialloc, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of 3MX Percival John Sebire - Awards: Member Order of Australia &quot;For service to communications, particularly broadcasting&quot; (1991)
* [[/Percival John Sebire|Sebire, Percival John &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFD-Z2R] - 1904(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3MX Melbourne (Moorabbin, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 692, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1926; Bentleigh, 1928-1936; Cheltenham, 1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1980) - Relationships: father of 3CF Leon Dudley Sebire
===''SEBLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Sebley|Sebley, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-7VL] - 1894(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4WS Ipswich (1931-1939, 1946-1948); Southport (1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 736, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Ipswich, 1915; North Ipswich, 1919-1949; Southport, 1954-1968);

===''SECCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Mervyn Seccombe|Seccombe, Louis Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PW-XWM] - 1895(Tas)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 3KT Receive Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1922-1923); 3KT Melbourne (East Kew, 1924; Ascot Vale, 1924-1925; Hawksburn, 1926; East Malvern, 1927); 2KT Sydney (Rockdale, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 396, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1919); commercial traveller (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1924); radio engineer (Rockdale, NSW, 1930-1937); wireless operator (Longreach, Qld, 1943); communications officer (Hurstville, 1949-1963); - Comment: Surname sometimes misspelled Secombe

===''SELBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Selby|Selby, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCTW-BMT] - 1858(Vic)-1949(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter
===''SELF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Self|Self, Thomas Edward]] - 1854(???)-19??(???) - b. 7 Jan 1854, Early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, demonstration before Royal Society 1898, beware another Thomas Edward Self (b. 9 Oct 1853) in Hobart at the same time
===''SELFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Giles Turner Selfe|Selfe, Harry Giles Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K24M-5XB] - 1894(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 157, 1915; 1COCP 51, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2; RANVR (commissioned telegraphist, 1942) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Geraldton, WA, 1918; Broome, WA, 1922; Leichhardt, NSW, 1933; Darling Harbour, NSW, 1934-1937)
===''SELLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Sellenger|Sellenger, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VT-5GJ] - 1902(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2DC Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 700, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hurstville, 1930-1963)
===''SELLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Sellick|Sellick, Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''SELMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold George Selman|Selman, Harold George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRM4-3S8] - 1907(Vic)-1985(Vic) - 3GN Geelong (1925), 3GN Chilwell (1926), 3GN Geelong (1927), 3GN Melbourne (West Coburg, 1931), 3GN Geelong (1933), 3CM Geelong (1948-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 164, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio dealer (Geelong, 1954)

===''SEMMENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Segbert Cornwall Semmens|Semmens, George Segbert Cornwall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G744-HQ5] - 1901(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XJCY Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1913-1914); V756 Receive (1922); 3GZ Receive Buln Buln East (1922); 3GS Laver's Hill (1925-1926); 3GS Queenstown (1927); 3GS Moreland (1931); 3GS Foxhow (1933); Melbourne (Essendon (1937-1939); Glen Iris (1946-1960); Clematis, 1965-1975); 3AEN Melbourne (Clematis, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 216, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Coburg, 1928; Preston, 1931; Essendon, 1936); res. chemist (Glen Iris, 1943-1963); technical adviser (Clematis, 1968-1977)

===''SERLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Serle|Serle, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-SC8] - 1910(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1933; Toorak, 1938-1939; Elwood, 1946-1947); 3ARX Melbourne (Windsor, 1948-1956; Caulfield, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 443, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931-1934; Kew, 1936; Toorak, 1937; St Kilda, 1942; Prahran, 1949; Caulfield South, 1963-1972)

===''SEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Lambert Holt Sewell|Sewell, Percy Lambert Holt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDM1-YB1] - 1900(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Receive Sydney (Paddington, 1922); 2CJ Sydney (Paddington, 1922-1925; Darlinghurst, 1925-1926) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fire Station, Mittagong, 1930-1935; Mittagong, 1936-1937; Kempsey, 1943); installation inspector (Queanbeyan, 1949)

===''SEYLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Jakob Seyler|Seyler, Albert Jakob or Jacob]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-F5N] - 1913(Ger)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - WW2 (Luftwaffe); radar engineer; television researcher; PMGD Research Laboratories (Assistant Director General) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mt Waverley, 1963; Burwood, 1968); PMG (Croydon, 1972); assistant director (Emerald, 1977) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/seyler-albert-jakob-11660 ADB]

===''SHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Henry Shannon|Shannon, Francis Henry &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1991(Qld) - 4SN Allora (1938-1939), Tamborine (1946-1947), Minden (1948-1956), Ipswich (1960-191975), Toowoomba (1980+),  amateur operator (AOCP 2145, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster , radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, WIA, Qld Listeners' League), journalist (AR, VK4 Notes), occupation (school teacher)

===''SHARLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Henry Sharland|Sharland, Arthur Henry &quot;Chilla&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-ZKS] - 1909(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4SD Brisbane (Boondall, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Ekibin, 1954); 4SD Cloncurry (1955); 4SD Brisbane (Wynnum North, 1956); 4SD Rockhampton (1960); 4SD Yeppoon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1807, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless operator); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Boondall, Qld, 1937-1943); Commonwealth officer (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954); communications officer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1958-1963; Yeppoon, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (Causeway via Yeppoon, Qld, 1980)

===''SHARP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John James Charles Sharp|Sharp, John James Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-TZV] - 1897(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3KA Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 591, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Prahran Gardens, 1919-1924; Caulfield, 1928-1972)
===''SHARPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Victor Sharpe|Sharpe, Frank Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMD2-GVZ] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4AZ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1924-1929; Ashgrove, 1930-1937; Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 4ZFS Brisbane (Clayfield, 1975); 4FV Brisbane (Clayfield, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 20, 1924, No. 4 in Qld; AOCP Q112, 1975 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (RSQ, WIAQ); military (AMF) - Awards: C.M.G.; O.B.E. - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Wooloowin, 1925-1929); director (Ashgrove, 1934-1937); soldier (Ashgrove, 1943); machinist (likely typo for merchant) (Clayfield, 1949); merchant (Clayfield, 1954-1980)

===''SHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Shaw|Shaw, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-ZDZ] - 1872(NSW)-1916(Vic) - XPO King Island (1911); X?? Sydney (Randwick), early wireless experimenter, proprietor Maritime Wireless Telegraph Co of Australasia (1910+) with Edward Hope Kirkby, technical specialist - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/shaw-archibald-john-8404 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199003.pdf EA]
* [[/J. G. Shaw|Shaw, J. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Chelmer, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Raymond Herbert Preston Shaw|Shaw, Raymond Herbert Preston]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3J-J31] - 1901(Eng)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 2LY Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1922-1923); 2LY Sydney (Woolahra, 1924-1929; South Kensington, 1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 664, 1921 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kensington, 1930-1931; Vaucluse, 1932-1980)

===''SHAWSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Alan &quot;Smithy&quot; or Alan Shaw Smith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37T-B3Y] - 1917(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4SA Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1935-1939); 4SS Brisbane (West End, -1952-2010) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1582, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; historian (amateur); journalist; broadcast engineer (ABC2); public servant (ABC2) - Relationships: Father of 4JSS Steven Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Salisbury, Qld, 1943); radio mechanic (West End, Qld, 1949); builder (West End, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Steven Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Steven &quot;Steve&quot;]] - Licences: 4JSS Brisbane - Qualifications:  (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld) - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4SA-4SS Alan Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls:

===''SHEARER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Anderson Shearer|Shearer, Gordon Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5G-JW4] - 1907(Qld)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 4FU Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923-1924); 4GA Gayndah (1930); 4GA Mt Nebo (1931-1934); 4GA Cloncurry (Quamby, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 447, 1928, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 95, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (school teacher); state public servant (Qld Dept Education); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Quamby, Qld, 1937; Westbrook, Qld, 1943); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1949); communications officer (Cloncurry, 1954); supervisor (Surrey Hills, 1963-1968); retired (Vermont, 1972-1980)
===''SHEARSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Leonard Shearstone|Shearstone, Vincent Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G895-CYJ] - 1916(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: BOCP 4, 1936 - WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Albury, 1937); radio announcer (Goulburn, 1943); radio electrician (Goulburn, 1949-1980)
===''SHELDRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Cornwell Sheldrick|Sheldrick, Eric Cornwell &quot;Shel&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-X2X] - 1903(Eng)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7BH Receive Launceston (1923); 7BH Launceston (1924-1926); 7BT Launceston (1927); 7BM Launceston (1931-1939); 7DM Burnie (1948-1954); 7DN Stowport (1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 60, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Launceston, 1928-1943)
===''SHENTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Hilton Shenton|Shenton, Maurice Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67C-Q1B] - 1903(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Receive Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: irrigation ganger (Bald Hills, 1925); assistant stream gauger (North Ipswich, 1928); public servant (Annerley, 1937)
===''SHEPARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arundel Elmore Shepard|Shepard, Arundel Elmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8HX] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5DC Adelaide (Norwood, 1928-1930; Kent Town, 1931-1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Toorak East, 1946-1965; Heathpool, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 393, 1928, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 136, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHEPHERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. A. Shepherd|Shepherd, H. A.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQD Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHERRIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Sherriff|Sherriff, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K877-WTX] - 1904(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4SU Brisbane (Fairfield, 1935-1937; Hawthorne, 1938-1939; Brisbane City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1464, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brisbane South, Qld, 1928); instructor of printing (Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''SHIELDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Edward Shields|Shields, Arthur James Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBCT-D5G] - 1894(Eng)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3GP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1939; North Balwyn, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 690, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (East Melbourne, 1925-1927; Malvern East, 1928; Camberwell, 1931-1933); auditor (Malvern East, 1934-1936); retired (Ringwood, 1943)

===''SHOEMAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Shoemaker|Shoemaker, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G828-7LL] - 1879(USA)-1932(USA) - American inventor and pioneer radio engineer, developer of Shoemaker wireless system, associated with Gehring companies, International Telegraph Construction Co (represented in Australia by John William Ormsby Hamilton, who promoted the Shoemaker system here), United Wireless Telegraph Co, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co of America, Mallory companies - Links: [[w:Harry Shoemaker|Wikipedia]]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0026.pdf PIRE1]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0027.pdf PIRE2]
===''SHORING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Samuel Shoring|Shoring, Thomas Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-NDG] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4SR Bundaberg (1937-1939; 4SR Brisbane (New Farm, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1872, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Bundaberg, Qld, 1936-1937); salesman (Bundaberg, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (New Farm, Qld, 1954; Holland Park, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''SHORT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Alban Short|Short, Alfred Alban]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTS-9QQ] - 1904(NSW)-1946(NT) - Licences: 2SH Newcastle (Lambton, 1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 280, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Lambton, 1930-1943)
* [[/Ormond Short|Short, Ormond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VHH-SGM] - 1901(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3SK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1928; Horsham, 1931-1972); engineer (Horsham, 1977)
* [[/Walter Short|Short, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AJ Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922); 2AJ Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924; Kirribilli, 1924; Manly, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Note: several contemporaneous WSs, insufficient data to identify
* [[/William Newton Short|Short, William Newton &quot;Newt&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G97J-HMM] - 1897(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2ARA Sydney (Auburn, 1948-1954; Beacon Hill, 1955-1958; Auburn, 1960-1961; Beacon Hill, 1965); 2AOW Sydney (Auburn, 1957-1958) - Qualifications: AOCP 2829, 1948, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Ulmarra, 1930-1934); shopkeeper (Coraki, 1935-1936); munition worker (Mayfield, 1943); machinist (Auburn, 1949-1958); inspector (Beacon Hill, 1963)

===''SHORTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Charles Shortell|Shortell, Raymond Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYMQ-4HQ] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Qld) - 3VB Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3RS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1933), 3RS Shepparton (1937-1939), 3ARF Geelong West (1948-1954), 3ARF Melbourne (Croydon, 1955-1960; Hawthorn, 1965-1975), 4ARS Gold Coast (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 77, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''SHORTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eddy Wilbee Shorten|Shorten, Eddy Wilbee or Welbee or Wiebec &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWN4-MZM] - 1899(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4TS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 908, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor) - Comment: Middle name variable; Birth Welbee; Marriage Wiebec; Death Wilbe; AOCP Wilbee - Electoral Rolls:
===''SHORTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Shortt|Shortt, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4HF Camooweal (1933-1939); 5SR Tennant Creek (1947-1948); 5SR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1954; New Hindmarsh, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1193, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SIBLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC5R-MH6] - 1897(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: XYX Perth (North Perth, 1913-1914); 6AF Receive Perth (City, 1923); 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1923-1924; Inglewood, 1924); 2SB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly; brother of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: insurance clerk (North Perth, 1919-1922); manager (Albion, Qld, 1936; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1937; Rose Bay, NSW, 1943-1958); retired (Rose Bay, 1963-1972)
* [[/Clifton Archibald Sibly|Sibly, Clifton Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K41R-3JQ] - 1894(SA)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 225, 1915 - likely early wireless experimenter with brother Arthur's licence - Relationships: brother of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; uncle of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly - Electoral Rolls: farrier (North Perth, 1915-1937)
* [[/Sydney Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Sydney Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKF-F7R] - 1926(NSW)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 2ASY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1954; Kingsgrove, 1957-1965); 3AUV Melbourne (Eltham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 945, 1945; BOCP 1049, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; nephew of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: communications officer (Kingsgrove, 1958-1963); clerk (Eltham, Vic, 1968-1977; Queanbeyan, 1980)

===''SIDEBOTTOM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Geoffrey Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-KGH] - 1902(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: 7BB Receive Launceston (1922); Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of 7SK Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1928-1954) 
* [[/Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Maxwell Douglas Langford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-5QY] - 1922(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7SK Hobart (Newtown, 1948); 7SK Howrah (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2830, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; WW2 - Relationships: son of 7BB Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: sound engineer (New Town, 1949); mechanic (Bateau Bay, NSW, 1980)
===''SIDEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Longfield Sidey|Sidey, Robert Longfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-3P6] - 1874(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Lindfield, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2CB James Douglas Kay Sidey - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Lindfield, 1930-1949)
* [[/James Douglas Kay Sidey|Sidey, James Douglas Kay or Douglas James Kay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-35P] - 1904(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Receive Sydney (Lindfield, 1922-1923); 2CB Sydney (Lindfield, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2ZY Robert Longfield Sidey - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Bethungra, 1943-1949); no occupation (Junee, 1954)

===''SIEVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest William Sievers|Sievers, Ernest William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNJD-8MJ] - 1901(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1165, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 9, 1934; 1COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Kelvin Grove, 1925); night officer (Oakey, 1930); railway night officer (Narangba, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Ascot, 1943; Clayfield, 1949-1958)
* [[/William Frederick Sievers|Sievers, William Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-NDS] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3CB Receive Melbourne (East Richmond, 1922-1923); 3CB Melbourne (East Richmond &amp; South Yarra, 1924-1939, 1946-1960; Toorak, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 165, 1925, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Richmond, 1931-1943); reader (South Yarra, 1949-1963); meter reader (Toorak, 1972-1980)

===''SIGAL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Louis Sigal|Sigal, Harold Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ4R-XFJ] - 1908(SA)-1939(NSW) - Licences: 2UK Sydney (Woollahra, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 253, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Woollahra, 1930); engineer (Melbourne East, 1931); electrician (Auburn North, 1933; Centennial Park, 1934; Bondi, 1936-1937; West Perth, 1943; Woolowin, 1949; Bellevue Hill, 1954; Kensington, 1958); manager (Bondi, 1963); salesman (Bondi, 1968); retired (Vaulcuse, 1977-1980)
===''SIGMONT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Sigmont|Sigmont, Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD58-221] - 1883(NSW)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 3AH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Auburn, Vic, 1917; Elsternwick, 1924-1937; Seaford, 1942);

===''SILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Clive Silby|Silby, Arthur Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8B6-PSD] - 1894(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Australian Wireless Squadron) [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911865/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-embarkation-roll/] - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Exeter, 1939-1943)

===''SILVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Leslie Silver|Silver, Frank Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94HC-LTV] - 1904(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4FL Brisbane (Morningside, 1938-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2086, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Morningside, Qld, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Simmonds|Simmonds, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DL-234] - 1906(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2GS Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1934); 2GS Murwillumbah (1935-1939); 4PG Bundaberg (1946-1948); 2APJ Sydney (Cronulla, 1954-1955; Caringbah, 1956-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 590, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 207, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Arncliffe, 1933); gardner (Arncliffe, 1935); radio engineer (Murwillumbah, 1935-1937); technician (4BU Kalkie, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ernest John Simmonds|Simmonds, Ernest John]] - 19??(Eng)-19??(Eng) - G2OD Gerrard's Cross, Buckinghamshire, England, amateur operator, first to two way QSO Australia (Nov 1924, 3BQ)

===''SIMMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Trethowan Simmons|Simmons, Henry Trethowan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4M3-BP4] - 1905(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6KX Perth (Subiaco, 1925-1928; Mt Lawley, 1931-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; West Perth, 1954-1955; Mt Pleasant, 1956-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 181, 1925, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1121, 1928; 2COCP 295, 1930; 1COCP 257, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maylands, 1931), radio engineer (Nedlands, 1936; West Perth, 1949), engineer (Fremantle, 1958; Mt Pleasant, 1963-1980)
* [[/Leonard Joseph Simmons|Simmons, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBM-SKH] - 1907(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3LJ Melbourne (Belgrave, 1926-1931; East Prahran, 1933); 3LJ Rheola (1937-1939); 3LV Trafalgar (1948); 3LV Cheltenham (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 304, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Womerah, Yarram Yarram, 1928; Toolangi, Yea, 1931; Armadale, 1934-1936; Rheola, Bendigo, 1936-1937; Nanneela West, Bendigo, 1942; Cheltenham, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Wilkinson Simms|Simms, Eric Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XZ-9RN] - 1906(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Malvern, 1927-1931; Caulfield, 1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 360, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Malvern, 1931); buyer (Caulfield, 1934; Hawthorn, 1936-1937); manager (Malvern East, 1949-1980)
===''SIMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Robert Simpson|Simpson, Leslie Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-4VD] - 1901(WA)-1966(Vic) - 3SA Ararat (1925-1933), 3SA Melbourne (Windsor, 1947-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 44, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draper, salesman
* [[/Harry Blythe Simpson|Simpson, Harry Blythe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-CZ3] - 1920(???)-2013(WA) - Licences: 6HS Perth (Leederville, 1937-1939; Mt Lawley, 1947-1948; Nedlands, 1954-1969; Lesmurdie, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2060, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Claremont, WA, 1949-1968); marketing manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1972); manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1977-1980)

===''SIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Sims|Sims, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MK-NXC] - 1907(WA)-1992(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 344, 1927, No. 38 in Qld; 2COCP 16, 1934 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (RAAF Point Cook, 1931-1934); QANTAS air pilot (Brisbane, 1936-1937); public servant (Box Hill, 1963) - Comment: several contemporaneous Eric Charles Sims, need to sort electoral rolls
* [[/Ernest Leslie Arthur Sims|Sims, Ernest Leslie Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ6H-6PF] - 1905(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (Preston, 1930-1933); 3ZA Apollo Bay (1937-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 622, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Preston, 1931; Apollo Bay, 1933-1937; Preston, 1942; Apollo Bay, 1949-1954)

===''SINGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Paul Singleton|Singleton, Claude Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4JR-4SV] - 1914(WA)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4UX Theodore (1936-1939); 4UX Bundaberg (1946-1947); 4UX Stanthorpe (1948); 4UX Atherton (1954-1955); 4UX Malanda (1956); 4UX Ayr (1960); 4UX Childers (1965); 4UX St George (1969); 4UX Gracemere (1975); 4UX Dalby (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1638, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4QW, 4QO, 4QW, 4RK, 4QS); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Theodore, Qld, 1936-1937); radio mechanic (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Yungaburra, Qld, 1954); public servant (Gracemere, Qld, 1972)

===''SIRL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Charles Sirl|Sirl, Clarence William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89J-9LJ] - 1913(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6XG Katanning (1938-1939; 1947-1969) - Qualifications: BOCP 3, 1936; AOCP 2132, 1938, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Katanning, 1937-1968)

===''SLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Irwin Slade|Slade, Charles Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDN1-G28] - 1921(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3PZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1938-1939, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2172, 1938, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1954); medical practitioner (St Kilda, 1967-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Charles William Slade|Slade, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH3R-28W] - 1893(Eng)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2SX Sydney (Croydon, 1925-1939, 1946-1961 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; English PMG Certificate 1st class - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAN, 1909-1924); Wireless Weekly (technical editor, 1925-1928); Daily Telegraph (radio &amp; technical editor, 1928-1929); Keogh Radio (engineer, 1929-1930); Croydon Radio (proprietor, 1930-1933+) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer, R.A.N. (Croydon, 1943-1958)
===''SLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. F. Slater|Slater, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Sheffield (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harold Ivan Slater|Slater, Harold Ivan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDT3-7JP] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Kelso (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: pastoralist (Kelso, Tas, 1919); labourer (Maypole Hotel, New Town, Tas); no occupation (Middle Park, Vic, 1926); airman (Point Cook, Vic, 1927; Middle Park, 1931); traveller (Elsternwick, 1936-1968)
===''SLATTERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-KHF] - 1866(Irl)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St John's College, Camperdown; St Vincent's, Ashfield, 1930) - Links: [[w:Joseph Patrick Slattery|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/slattery-joseph-patrick-8453 ADB]
* [[/Joseph Samuel Francis Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Samuel Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVN-SSF] - 1894(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 50, 1915; CPRT 167, 1915; 2COCP 324, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1916; Esperance, WA, 1916; RAN radio station, Geraldton, 1917); travelling salesman (Stanthorpe, 1928-1930); traveller (Tamworth, 1932-1933; Woollahra, NSW, 1933-1935); commercial traveller (New Farm, 1936; Hamilton, Qld, 1937; Fairfield, Qld, 1949; West Sydney, 1949-1954); radio officer (Mascot, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''SMART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Smart|Smart, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHD-TNH] - 1891(NZ)-1980(NZ) - Licences: 4SM Barcaldine (1936-1937); 4SM Paterson (1938-1939); 4SM Longreach (1946-1948); 4SM Cairns (Cairns City, 1954-1956; Freshwater, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1625, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boiler attendant (Dunevia Station, Blackhall, Qld, 1913); motor engineer (Aramac, Qld, 1916-1925; Barcaldine, 1928-1937); freeholder (Longreach, Qld, 1943); mechanic (Longreach, Qld, 1949); farmer (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (Freshwater, Qld, 1963-1972; Cairns, Qld, 1977)

===''SMELLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ellis Henry Smellie|Smellie, Ellis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-FDM] - 1893(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 218, 1930; 1COCP 240, 1931 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Applecross, 1925; Geraldton, 1931; Broome, 1936); telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949); radio officer (Caulfield, Vic, 1954; Blackburn, 1963-1980)

===''SMIBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, George]] - 1840(Sct)-1899(Vic) - clubs (founding member Telegraph Electrical Society Vic), employment (Postal Department Vic, chief electrician), brother of James Smibert Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, James]] - 1836(Sct)-1912(Vic) - employment (Postal Department Vic, Deputy Postmaster-General, appointed following early passing of Samuel Walker McGowan), created a nepotism scandal by early promotion of brother and brother-in-law to the most senior positions in Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs in the early 1890s, likely reason for the positioning of Qld appointees at the top of the Federal PMGD in 1901; the brother of George Smibert Chief Electrician, Postal Dept Vic

===''SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Smith, Alan Shaw - See Alan Shawsmith (change of name)
* [[/Arthur Carrington Smith|Smith, Arthur Carrington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKV-VL2] - 1902(Tas)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Receive Launceston (1923); 7AB Launceston (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 8, 1924, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 930, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (operator 7BN Wills &amp; Co wannabe Class B); recording engineer (Cinesound Productions Ltd, Bondi, 1932); inventor of sound-on-film systems - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Launceston, 1928); recording engineer (Bronte, 1931-1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); recording engineer (Clovelly, 1943-1949; Waverley, 1963-1968); engineer (Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Austen Cyril Smith|Smith, Austen Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6N-JKF] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2FS Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1925; Burwood, 1925; Maroubra, 1930-1933; Homebush, 1933; Burwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 75, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio agent - Electoral Rolls: radio agent (Burwood, 1934-1937); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Burwood, 1958-1963); retired (Lower Hawkesbury, 1972-1980)
* [[/C. Smith|Smith, C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BA Receive Stanley (1922); Receive Stanley (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Cedric Preston Smith|Smith, Cedric Preston or Preston-Smith, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BB-X47] - 1907(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Cremorne, 1924); 2QK Sydney (Manly, 1935-1936; Balgowlah, 1937; Lane Cove, 1938-1939); 2CD Sydney (Cremorne, 1958-1961; Palm Beach, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank accountant (Binnaway, 1930); bank officer (Manly, 1932; Balgowlah, 1934-1937; South Melbourne, Vic, 1943-1949); bank manager (Ballarat, 1954; Cremorne, 1958-1963); retired (Palm Beach, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Smith|Smith, Charles Frederick]] - 1908(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: No licence yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 418, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1112, 1928; 2COCP 44, 1929 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Several contemporaneous Charles Frederick Smith's, not yet identified
* [[/Colin Hughes Smith|Smith, Colin Hughes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YH-LLB] - 1910(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PK Melbourne (East Kew, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 433, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kew, 1931-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1980)
* [[/Herbert Henry Baker Smith|Smith, Herbert Henry Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFN-H6R] - 19??(???)-1932(Qld) - Licences: 4DP Receive Cairns (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Cairns, Qld, 1925-1930)
* [[/J. H. Smith|Smith, J. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EA Receive Beenleigh (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Albert Malcolm Smith|Smith, John Albert Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L264-537] - 1911(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5JR Adelaide (St Peters, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1375, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/P. W. Smith|Smith, P. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EF Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Sidney Hugh Holland Smith|Smith, Sidney Hugh Holland]] - 1861(???)-1933(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, senior state public servant (Qld P&amp;T, Chief Mechanician), senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Mechanician, Qld), radio clubs (QWI, vice president), business proprietor (Telephone and Electrical Supplies Co)
* [[/Stuart Disney Paull Smith|Smith, Stuart (Birth) or Stewart (Electoral Rolls) Disney Paull or Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDB-8D8] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4LA Brisbane (Corinda, 1934-1939); 4LA Amberley (1946-1948); 4LA Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1303, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor); military (RAAF, navigator); broadcast technician (4BC); Dept Education (O/C Radio) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Corinda, Qld, 1936-1949); radio technician (New Farm, Qld, 1949); maintenance officer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1963); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Sydney Smith|Smith, Sydney]] - 1856(NSW)-1934(NSW) - senior state politician (NSW MLA), senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1904-1905)
* [[/Wilfred Smith|Smith, Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRQ-PQ1] - 1896(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 602, 1921; 2COCP 419, 1941; 1COCP 882, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/William Arthur Smith|Smith, William Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCX-XL9] - 1906(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5LZ Wallaroo (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 526, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Glenunga, 1939-1943) - beware several contemporaneous William Arthur Smith's
* [[/William Henry Smith|Smith, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2V-L4R] - 1911(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5SW Adelaide (Woodville, 1937-1939, 1947-1956); 5ASW Adelaide (Woodville, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1996, 1937, SA; BOCP 431, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WHSs - Electoral Rolls: operator (Woodville, SA, 1939)
* [[/W. J. Smith|Smith, W. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: N758 Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922); 2IC Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SMITHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Charles Smithers|Smithers, Ernest Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z1-GQ1] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 552, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector of fisheries (Urunga, 1930); inspector (Burwood, 1930-1949)

===''SMYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Walter Smyth|Smyth, Cedric Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1C-4MX] - 1916(WA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 7CD Devonport (1933-1939); 3ACH Melbourne (Doncaster East, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1133, 1933, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Preston, Vic, 1942-1949); engineer (Doncaster East, 1954-1977)
* [[/Victor Loftus Smyth|Smyth, Victor Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-P8L] - 1905(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Receive Geelong (1923); 3PJ Geelong (1924); 3PJ Bendigo (1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 126, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Bendigo, 1928-1972)
===''SMYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Cresswell Smythe|Smythe, Alan (BMD) or Allan (Electoral Rolls) Cresswell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JQ-V9V] - 1908(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: 5MF Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Hazlewood Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 658, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 135, 1933; BOCP 125, 1937; 1COCP 196, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''SNADDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Ernest Snaddon|Snaddon, John Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLF-B75] - 1920(Eng)-1944(Aegean Sea) - Licences: 3VE Melbourne (Malvern, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2322, 1939, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 459 Squadron, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/snaddon-john-ernest-409361/]
===''SNAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Leslie Snaith|Snaith, Samuel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-2S8] - 1901(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ZR Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1926; Newport, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 166, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1924-1928; Newport, 1931-1954)
===''SNAPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fairlie Roger de Burgh Snape|Snape, Fairlie Roger de Burgh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-B1V] - 1900(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NU Receive Quirindi (1923); 4JK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 695, 1922; 2COCP 340, 1931; 1COCP 221, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Quirindi, 1930); wireless operator (Quirindi, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Killara, 1949-1968); engineer (Killara, 1980)
===''SNOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Charles Snook|Snook, Keith Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTG-Z2D] - 1908(Tas)-1946(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Hobart North, 1936); motor mechanic (Hobart Central, 1937)
===''SNOSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Raymond Snoswell|Snoswell, Alfred Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NWH-MCT] - 1899(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5AD Adelaide (Exeter, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Largs, 1939-1943)

===''SODEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander William Soden|Soden, Alexander William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-7M1] - 1909(Qld)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4AS Brisbane (Annerley, 1930-1939; Yeerongpilly, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 634, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1943)
===''SOUMPROU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emile Walter Soumprou|Soumprou, Emile Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZZF-SX7] - 1906(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3WK Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1931; North Fitzroy, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; East Brighton, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 511, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Northcote, 1936-1937); retired (Fitzroy North, 1942-1949); Elsternwick, 1954)
===''SOUTHWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Lindsay Southwell|Southwell, Clifford Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-FDF] - 1897(???)-1973(NSW) - 2SW Sydney (Cremorne, 1925-1926; Northbridge, 1927-1929; Brighton-Le-Sands, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1933-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 131, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Army, Private) &amp; WW2 (Australian Army, colonel), sales manager (1954)
* [[/Leslie William Douglas Southwell|Southwell, Leslie William Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WXT-S8L] - 1900(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3SL Seymour (1924-1939, 1946-1954); 3SL Melbourne (Montrose, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 250, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Seymour, 1931-1954)
* [[/Noel Leslie Southwell|Southwell, Noel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-ZJW] - 1919(NSW)-1998(NSW) - 2ZF Sydney (Leichhardt, 1935-1939, 1946-1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980+), qualifications (AOCP 1565, 1935, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 149, 1937), amateur operator, broadcast technician (1949), QSL collection survives ARDXC/NFSA

===''SPARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Spark|Spark, John]] - 1879(USA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AC Perth (City, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Fremantle, 1917); civil servant (West Perth, 1921) - Comment: identification not certain
===''SPEDDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Spedding|Spedding, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ82-ZCM] - 1897(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 4DU Receive Brandon (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Brandon, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Lakemba, NSW, 1932-1958)

===''SPENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Keith Spence|Spence, Edward Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBYN-S3H] - 1908(Qld)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 4DT Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Union Bank, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 1930; Wellington, NSW, 1934); bank officer (Bondi, NSW, 1936; Rose Bay, NSW, 1937; Epping, NSW, 1943-1949; Northbridge, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1980)
* [[/William Guthrie Spence|Spence, William Guthrie]] - 1846(Sco)-1926(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1914-1915)
===''SPENCER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derek David Spencer|Spencer, Derek David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSW-N55] - 1909(Eng)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 3DS Melbourne (Altona, 1934-1937); 6DS Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1280, 1934, Vic; AOLCP 157, 1934; 2COCP 55, 1936; 1COCP 111, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Ulverstone, Tas, 1954; Leven, Tas, 1963); farmer (Gawler, Tas, 1972)

===''SPERRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred John Sperring|Sperring, Wilfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KVLY-JPK] - 1917(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6SP Perth (Victoria Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Belmont, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1920, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Victoria Park, WA, 1943); mechanic (Victoria Park, WA, 1949); radio engineer (Belmont, WA, 1954-1963)

===''SPICER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Spicer|Spicer, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88M-KKY] - 1910(Eng)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1929-1931; East Malvern, 1933; North Fitzroy, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 554, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1934); constable (Port Melbourne, 1936; Fitzroy, 1937-1954; Carlton South, 1967-1968); retired (Hurstbridge, Vic, 1977-1980) 
===''SPITZKOWSKY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Royston Stanley Spitzkowsky|Spitzkowsky, Max Royston Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYD-23H] - 1904(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1926-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 302, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Hamilton, 1932-1972)
===''SPOTSWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Ernest Spotswood|Spotswood, Cyril Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-4GM] - 1897(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: Receive Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Burnie, 1936-1943); fettler (Burnie, 1949-1954)
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7C] - 1892(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Poopoonbah via Giru (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1356, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: second YL operator in Qld - Relationships: Wife of 4JK Jack Lawrence Humphry - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Ching Do Siding, Ayr, Qld, 1919-1936; Giru, Qld, 1937-1949; Poopoonbah, Qld, 1954; St Lucia, Qld, 1958-1972)

===''SPRENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Ernest Sprenger|Sprenger, Herbert Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQD-2CJ] - 1914(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4ES Bundaberg (1932-1939); 4ES Brisbane (New Farm, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, 1955-1960; Rainworth, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 1064, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 165, 1938; 1COCP 530, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); state public servant (Qld Police, radio comms) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bundaberg, 1936-1937); police constable (New Farm, Qld, 1943-1949); sergeant police (Holland Park, Qld, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1958); sub-inspector police (Rainworth, Qld, 1963-1968); police officer (Rainworth, Qld, 1972); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SPURRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Charles Spurrier|Spurrier, Leonard Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTY1-WZJ] - 1904(Wales)-1984(SA) - Licences: S382 Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1922); 5AL Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Clarence Park, 1939-1941; Eden Hills, 1943)

===''SQUIRES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Squires|Squires, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-3GW] - 1909(WA)-1972(???) - Licences: 6JS Perth (Cannington, 1929-1939; Como, 1946-1956; Nedlands, 1960; West Leederville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 510, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cannington, 1931-1936); sales manager (Midland Junction, 1937; South Perth, 1943-1954); manager (Subiaco, 1963); business manager (West Kalamunda, 1968)

===''ST JOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Clive Bolingbroke St John|St John, Henry Clive Bolingbroke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTN-PV8] - 1895(Eng)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2RX Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2RX Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1939; Northbridge, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 258, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: reader (Rockdale, 1930-1936; Northbridge, 1943-1963)

===''STACEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Keith Stacey|Stacey, Howard Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3TY-D8M] - 1907(NSW)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5XA Adelaide (Firle, 1934-1937; Knightsbridge, 1938-1939; Leabrook, 1947-1956; Glynde, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1360, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Burnside, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Roy Ernest Stacey|Stacey, Roy Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDT-PNR] - 1902(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RS Proserpine (1933-1939, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1187, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: office assistant (Bauple, Qld, 1925); clerk (Proserpine, Qld, 1928-1972)

===''STACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Patrick Charles Stack|Stack, Robert Patrick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-Y2K] - 1904(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4TK Innisfail (1936-1939, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1742, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: hairdresser (Innisfail, Qld, 1930-1932); stationer (Innisfail, Qld, 1936-1943)

===''STACKPOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Julian Stackpole|Stackpole, Peter Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-H8N] - 1947(Vic)-2004(ACT) - Licences: 3ZQS Melbourne (North Clayton, 1980+; 1RX Canberra, 1990s); Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 2203, 1966; AOCP N1856, 1988 - amateur operator; broadcast planning engineer (P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA, ACA) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Hampton, 1972); technical officer (Clayton, 1977-1980)
===''STAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hurst William Stafford|Stafford, John Hurst William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV6P-XSJ] - 1901(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Receive Ipswich (Ebbw Vale, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ebbw Vale, 1925-1928; Booval, 1932-1949); engineer (East Ipswich, 1958-1963); retired (Mansfield, 1977-1980)
===''STANFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Roy Stanfield|Stanfield, Clifford Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQXR-9GG] - 1900(NSW)-1991(NSW) - Licences: N744 Receive Newcastle (1922); 2HX Receive Newcastle (1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 383, 1918; 2COCP 136, 1930; 1COCP 140, 1930 - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Randwick, 1930; Maroubra, 1932-1968); retired (Blaxland, 1977-1980)
===''STANLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. M. Stanley|Stanley, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2JS Receive Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1922-1923); 2JS Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1924); Orange (1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 100, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; newsagent (Leura, late 1920s) - Identification: Not yet identified (possibly James Melville Stanley, electrician, Lockhart, 1930) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''STAPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Stapleton|Stapleton, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-R9P] - 1915(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5KY Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1314, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Cook, SA, 1941-1944)

===''STARKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Starkie|Starkie, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBS-NCY] - 1906(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4NW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 306, 1926, No. 30 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Nundah, 1928-1937); warehouse assistant (Holland Park, 1943); manager (Wavell Heights, 1949); agent (Toowong, 1954-1958); manufacturer's agent (Kenmore, 1963); agent (Tennyson, 1968-1972); retired (The Gap, 1977; North Tamborine, 1980)

===''STARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Starr|Starr, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-LC4] - 1916(Qld)-1940(off Qld coast) - Licences: 4FS Stanthorpe (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1930, 1937, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 23 Squadron, Aircraftsman Class 1) - Electoral Rolls: baker (Stanthorpe, 1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1719163]

===''STEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey William Ashcroft Steane|Steane, Geoffrey William Ashcroft]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCF-JWV] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3UX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 775, 1923; 2COCP 330, 1931 -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mont Albert, Vic, 1931); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1937); radio engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1949); television engineer (Double Bay, NSW, 1954); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1954)

===''STEELE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rowland Edward James Steele|Steele, Rowland Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-2ZM] - 1904(Tas)-1987(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hobart West, 1928); dairyman (West Hobart, 1937-1972)

===''STEPHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Goldsmith Stephen|Stephen, Percy Goldsmith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2J-HVR] - 1896(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZB Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1925); 2PS Sydney (Balmain, 1926; Granville, 1927-1930; Lidcombe, 1931-1936; Croydon, 1937-1939; Five Dock, 1946-1958; Condell Park, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Granville, 1930); electrician (Lakemba, 1930; Lidcombe, 1932-1936); electrical fitter (Five Dock, 1943-1958); fitter (Condell Park, 1968-1972)
===''STEPHENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Nelson Stephens|Stephens, Arthur Nelson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G941-3F1] - 1886(Eng)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1922); 4CG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923-1925); Operator of 4AE - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draughtsman (North Carlton, Vic, 1912-1914); engineer (Wireless Station, Pinkenba, 1915-1919; Clayfield, 1925-1928); hotel keeper (Palm Beach Hotel, Elanora, 1932-1934; Grand Hotel, Southport, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Southport, 1949); secretary (Main Beach, 1954-1958; Southport East, 1963-1968)
* [[/Frank Richmond Stephens|Stephens, Frank Richmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-MLM] - 1897(Qld)-1977(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 452, 1919 - RANRS - Electoral Rolls:  naval reservist (New Farm, 1921); farm hand (Wamuran, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (New Farm, 1925-1937); radio mechanic (New Farm, Qld, 1943); agent (New Farm, Qld, 1949); caretaker (Brisbane, 1954-1958); retired (Bowen Hills, 1963; Coolangatta, 1968-1972)
* [[/Harry James Milne Stephens|Stephens, Harry James Milne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYC-KQH] - 1900(WA)-1982(WA) - Licences: 6ZZ Perth (South Perth, 1935-1939; Bassendean, 1947-1960; Eden Hill, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1530, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Albany, WA, 1925); railway employee (Katanning, WA, 1931-1936); storekeeper (Fremantle, WA, 1937); aircraftsman (Bassendean, WA, 1943-1963); railway employee (Eden Hill, WA, 1968-1972); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Stephens|Stephens, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-35G] - 1912(Vic)-1944(Sct) - Licences: 3GO Melbourne (Essendon, 1931-1933) - qualifications: AOCP 489, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1944) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Essendon, 1936-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/stephens-thomas-418036/]
* [[/Thomas Blacket Stephens|Stephens, Thomas Blacket or Blackett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9WG-Y5P] - 1902(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 309, 1926, No. 31 in Qld - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: articled law clerk (Annerley, 1925-1928); solicitor (Annerley, 1934; Fortitude Valley, 1936-1937; Clayfield, 1949-1968); retired (St Lucia, 1972-1980)

===''STEPHENSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Wilfred Stephenson|Stephenson, Charles Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-M7F] - 1905(Qld)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother); 2BWQ Sydney (Blacktown, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 282, 1926, No. 25 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, operator 4WN; WIAQ, operator 4AE); broadcast technician (4QG); business proprietor (cinema audio) - Relationships: brother of 4RG Harold John Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Pymble, NSW, 1932-1933); sound engineer (Capertee, NSW, 1936-1937); panel beater (Bourke, NSW, 1943); mechanic (Capertee, NSW, 1949-1954; Maroubra, NSW, 1958); autoelectrician (Blacktown, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Blacktown, NSW, 1980) 
* [[/Harold John Stephenson|Stephenson, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-9M3] - 1903(Qld)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 290, 1926, No. 27 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 4RG/2BWQ Charles Wilfred Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Wooloowin, Qld, 1925-1943); sheet metal worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); engineer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); aircraft mechanic (Maroubra, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''STEVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edgar F. Stevens|Stevens, Albert Edgar F. &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH4H-N2D] - 1894(Vic)-1954(WA) - 6BN Perth (North Perth, 1924-1927; South Perth, 1930-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 136, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telephone mechanic (1925)
* [[/Frederick William Stevens|Stevens, Frederick William]] - 1898-19?? - 4SP Brisbane, amateur operator (PRTC 788, 1923, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP, 1930, Qld), Coastal wireless operator; first chief engineer 4QG, state public servant (4QG), pilot (Qantas), federal public servant (DCA)
* [[/Robert Edward Stevens|Stevens, Robert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZMF] - 1908(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7OJ Deloraine (1931-1933); 3OJ Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 817, 1931, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Auburn, Vic, 1931; Burwood, 1937-1980)

===''STEWART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Barnett Stewart|Stewart, Alexander Barnett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHBR-VND] - 1895(Sct)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4DD Receive Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Oondooroo, Qld, 1919); farmer (Palmwoods, Qld, 1921-1925); orderman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1928); truck driver (Eight Mile Plains, Qld, 1936-1937); foreman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Donald Richardson Stewart|Stewart, Donald Richardson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94CC-2MT] - 1902(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: V739 Receive Lorne (1922); 3GS Receive Lorne (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Lorne, 1925-1954); guest house proprietor (Lorne, 1967-1968); proprietor (Lorne, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Edgar Stewart|Stewart, John Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-3JC] - 1884(NSW)-1957(NSW) - Licences: 2MR Newcastle (Mayfield, 1923-1929; Hamilton, 1930); 2MR Sydney (Chatswood, 1931); 4MR Brisbane (Nundah, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2MR Waratah (1954-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Commonwealth Electoral Commission (Chief Electoral Officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Arncliffe, 1913); District Returning Officer (Mayfield, 1930); Commonwealth Electoral Officer (Nundah, Qld, 1937-1949); retired (Waratah, 1954)
* [[/Henry Stewart|Stewart, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXS7-R71] - 1896(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 234, 1916; 1COCP 318, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous HSs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Alfred Stewart|Stewart, William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBZ-4XJ] - 1910(WA)-2020(WA)109yo - Licences: 6ST Perth (West Leederville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1958, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balkatta, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1937); salesman (Wembley Park, WA, 1943; Leederville, WA, 1949); technician (Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley Park, WA, 1968; Floreat Park, WA, 1972-1980) - Links: [https://gerontology.fandom.com/wiki/William_Stewart Gerontology]

===''STIPEK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stipek|Stipek, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-XL1] - 1898(NSW)-1974(Florida, USA) - Licences: 7BE Receive St Helens (1923); Receive St Helens (1923); 7BE St Helens (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMG telegraph messenger, left PMGD 1920; first to log KGO in Tas - Comment: beware two other John Stipek's concurrently in Tas, 1920s - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (St Helens, 1919); clerk (St Helens, 1922)
===''STITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt|Stitt, Walter Hugh Rankin Jnr &quot;Hughie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBX-L5G] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2WH Forbes (1925-1969+), 2ARN Forster (1965-1969+),  amateur operator (AOCP 196, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, &quot;brother-in-law&quot; of Leslie Maclean Wilson 2LM, note his father also Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt and lived in same district

===''STOCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel Alan John Stocks|Stocks, Daniel Alan John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-R5P] - 1897(Vic)-1933(Vic) - 3DJ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927; Surrey Hills, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 144, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrical engineer, gone too soon
===''STOCKTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stockton|Stockton, Norman]] - 1904(WA)-1943(Germany) - 4NQ Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, press correspondent), journalist, &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''STOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Frederick Stow|Stow, Allen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WR-7GG] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3AS Melbourne (North Carlton,1928-1931; North Fitzroy, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Northcote, 1948-1965); 3AFS Portable Melbourne (Northcote, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 441, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton North, 1931; Fitzroy North, 1934-1942)
===''STOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Alfred Stowe|Stowe, Harry Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBJ-YTW] - 1892(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: XAS Sydney (Drummoyne, 1911-1914); 2CX Receive Sydney (Chatswood, 1922-1923); 2CX Sydney (Chatswood, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 19, 1924, No. 9 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, 1930-1958); retired (Frenchs Forest, 1968-1977)
===''STOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Bickley Stoyle|Stoyle, Jack Bickley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM1Z-JWV] - 1881(India)-1966(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 91, 1915; 1COCP 55, 1930 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920); AWA CRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1917); radio station master (Darwin, 1922; Kilkenny, 1939-1943)

===''STRAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Michael Strafford|Strafford, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ2K-LBX] - 1900(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5JS Adelaide (Stepney, 1936-1939; City, 1947-1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1710, 1936, SA; BOCP 514, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''STRATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Stephen Stratford|Stratford, Leo Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-HRX] - 1915(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4AE Goondiwindi (1936-1939); 4LS Goondiwindi (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1678, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1936-1949); radio dealer (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1954-1958); electrician (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1968); refrigeration mechanic (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1980)

===''STREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot; - See Florence Madeline Mackenzie 4YL
===''STREET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frederick Street|Street, Reginald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW5S-Z4L] - 1900(Tas)-1927(Tas) - Licences: 7BD Receive Hobart (1923); Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Hobart West, 1922)
===''STROHFELDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Strohfeldt|Strohfeldt or Strofeldt, Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVWD-W9Z] - 1904(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4GS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1041, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: licensed for 5 years after passing - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Roma, 1926); telegraphist (Charleville, 1928-1930); Paddington, Qld, 1936-1937); assistant radio inspector (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943)

===''STUART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Stuart|Stuart, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSH-RPC] - 1895(SA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval officer (Hobart, Tas, 1919); telegraphist (Hobart, 1922; Oakleigh, Vic, 1928-1942); primary producer (Tarra Valley, Vic, 1949-1954)
* [[/Michael Aloysius Horatio Stuart|Stuart, Michael Aloysius Horatio]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-2D9] - 1891(Vic)-1953(Vic) - Licences: 3MH Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1927); 3MH Rockbank (1931-1937); 5MS Adelaide (Rosewater, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 66, 1929; 1COCP 184, 1931; likely CRPT pre 1927 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Navy); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1925-1927); radio telegraphist (Beam Radio Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1937; Geraldton, WA, 1943); radio technician (Footscray North, Vic, 1949)

===''STURDEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Ashton Hobart Sturdee|Sturdee, Vernon Ashton Hobart]] - 1890(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur radio club (member, WIQ)

===''SULLIVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sullivan|Sullivan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLGD-VK6] - 1906(Vic)-1997(Vic) - 3SR Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1925-1926), 3SR Yallourn (1927), amateur operator (AOCP 206, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (1927)
===''SUTHERLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan James Sutherland|Sutherland, Alan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK6-94L] - 1916(SA)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 5XB Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939, 1947-1948); 3AXB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1954-1965); 3KY Melbourne (Balwyn, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1592, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dunleath, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Canterbury, Vic, 1954-1968; Balwyn, Vic, 1972-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1977)
* [[/George Bremner Sutherland|Sutherland or Clyne, George Bremner &quot;Jock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVF-KQC] - 1893(Sct)-19??(WA) - 6GB Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 295, 1932), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Navy, 1911), late 1920s assistant chief engineer 6WF (to Wally Coxon), DCA (aeradio operator, from 1941), radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949), retired (North Perth, 1958)

===''SUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Sutton|Sutton, Arthur Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMFM-Z34] - 1882(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (early 1910s); utilised Henry Sutton's experimental licence - Relationships: son of XLM Henry Sutton - Electoral Rolls: music seller (Malvern, 1909-1913; Hawthorn, 1914-1915); engineer (Kew, 1922-1925); traveller (Camberwell, 1927); mechanic (Brunswick, 1928)
* [[/Henry Sutton|Sutton, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD19-T7V] - 1855(Vic)-1912(Vic) - Licences: XLM Melbourne (Malvern, 1910-1912) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed from 1890s); numerous inventions, Australia's first wireless telephony experimenter (1906); invented several new types of telephones; early television experiments - Relationships: father of Arthur Ernest Sutton - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sutton-henry-4675 ADB] - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Jnr|Sutton, Joseph William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-HCJ] - 1874(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4CP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4EI Brisbane (City, 1923-1925) (In the name of the State Engineer) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIQ, foundation member; QWI); electrical engineer; senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Engineer) - Relationships: son of Joseph William Sutton Snr - Electoral Rolls: electric engineer (Teneriffe, 1903); engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909); assistant (GPO, 1912-1919); electrical engineer (New Farm, 1921-1936); retired (Ascot, 1937)
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Snr|Sutton, Joseph William Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-W6T] - 1844(Eng)-1914(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - club (Royal Society Qld, president) - Relationships: father of Joseph William Sutton Jnr - Links: [[w:Joseph William Sutton|Wikipedia]] - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909)

===''SWABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max J. Swaby|Swaby, Max J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4DA Dalby (-1948+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''SWAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Tamsett Swain|Swain, Lionel Tamsett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL1J-TGY] - 1902(NSW)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2CS Receive Newcastle (Hamilton, 1922); 2CS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1923-1927; Waratah, 1928-1939, 1946-1950; Charlestown, 1954-1961; Bolton Point, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 108, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Withdrawal: when 2CS Coffs Harbour commenced in early 1980s, policy had changed as to withdrawal of similar amateur callsigns - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Waratah, 1930-1954); engineer (Charlestown, 1958-1963); retired (Bolton Point, 1968-1980)
===''SWEENEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Moss Sweeney|Sweeney, Walter Moss]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNZ7-YRD] - 1887(Eng)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3WS Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1924-1925; Elwood, 1925-1931; St Kilda, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 204, 1916 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Subiaco, 1916-1917); no occupation (Melbourne, 1919); wireless engineer (East Melbourne, 1921-1924); engineer (Elsternwick, 1925-1928); director (St Kilda, 1931-1963)

===''SWINBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Charles Richard Swinburne|Swinburne, Frank Charles Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDML-S1J] - 1901(Qld)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 2AT Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922-1923); 2AT Sydney (Manly, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 557, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Manly, NSW, 1937; North Sydney, 1943))
===''SWINDELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Willie Swindells|Swindells, Willie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L812-BTK] - 1890(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Richmond, Vic, 1913-1914; Parkdale, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Geelong, 1927; Darlinghurst, NSW, 1931-1933); electrical engineer (Brunswick, Vic, 1934)

===''SYMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathaniel Joseph Leo Symonds|Symonds, Nathaniel Joseph Leo &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ3-3QH] - 1908(WA)-2005(WA) - 6LS Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1925-1930; Bicton, 1947-1948), 6LX Perth (Kalamunda, 1965-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 207, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW2, tailor (Cottesloe, 1931-1943), radio operator (Fremantle, 1949-1954), radio technician (Kalamunda, 1958-1980)
===''SYMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Lindsay Gordon Symons|Symons, John Lindsay Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZZ5-Q42] - 1913(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3JT Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939; East Hawthorn, 1946-1947; Burwood, 1948; South Melbourne, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 662, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Malvern, 1934-1943; Glen Iris, 1949); hotelkeeper (Malvern, 1954); engineer (Syndal, 1963)

=='''T'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''TAPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Ernest Tapp|Tapp, Charles Ernest or Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-BXV] - 1894(NSW)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 82, 1915 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: OIC Wireless Station (Thursday Island, Qld, 1915; South Yarra, Vic, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1930); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1942); manager (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''TAPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Tapper|Tapper, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZX-4T6] - 1910(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1929-1939); 6RJ Onslow (1946-1947); 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1948-1960); 2AO Wagga Wagga (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 538, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 218, 1931; TVOCP 324, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Claremont, 1931-1943); operator (Claremont, 1949-1963); radio inspector (Wagga Wagga, 1968-1980)

===''TARBOTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Augustus Tarbotton|Tarbotton, Harry Augustus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-87K] - 1902(Eng)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6HT Albany (1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1672, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Albany, WA, 1925-1931); motor mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936-1954); radio service (Albany, WA, 1958)

===''TARLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred William Tarling|Tarling, Alfred William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVH9-4RZ] - 1900(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4TW Townsville (1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; (likely qualification ca 1920, British Merchant Navy; 1COCP 679, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coolbie, Ingham, Qld, 1930); wireless operator (Pimlico, Qld, 1931-1932); labourer (West End, Qld, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''TARRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Albert Tarrant|Tarrant, Ernest Albert Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8SB-Z68] - 1898(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2AK Receive Narrabri (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Eulah Creek, 1930; Narrabri, 1943)
* [[/William Francis Tarrant|Tarrant, William Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5M-6JT] - 1914(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2UF Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1932-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1054, 1932, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (Newcastle, 1930-1949)

===''TATHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Edward Tatham|Tatham, Sydney Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQT-52W] - 1896(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 2ST Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925; City, 1926-1928; Darling Point, 1929-1933; City, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 33, 1915; 1COCP 406, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (editor, Sea, Land and Air, 1922); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: instructor (St Kilda, 1919; South Yarra, 1919); merchant (Darling Point, 1930-1933; City, 1934-1937; Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Camberwell, 1954); director (Balwyn, 1958-1972)
===''TAYLOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert William Taylor|Taylor, Albert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX56-JGX] - 1910(NSW)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AT Port Pirie (1934-1937); 5AT Adelaide (Solomontown, 1938-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1276, 1934, SA; BOCP 286, 1940; TVOCP 461, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Marleston, SA, 1941; Edwardstown, SA, 1943)
* [[/B. A. Taylor|Taylor, B. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DF Receive Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Donald Gordon Taylor|Taylor, Donald Gordon &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-N31] - 1907(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Forestville, 1923-1924); 5DX Adelaide (Forestville, 1926-1937; Black Forest, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 307, 1926, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 25, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: another DGT served in WW2 &amp; died on active service 1943 in NT - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (Goodwood, 1939; Black Forest, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Florence Mary Parsons|Taylor nee Parsons, Florence Mary]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZX2-FZB] - 1879(Eng)-1969(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - publisher - Electoral Rolls: managing director (Sydney, 1936); journalist (Vaucluse, 1954); editor (Darlinghurst, 1958; Potts Point, 1963) - Relationships: wife of George Augustine Taylor - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-florence-mary-8754 ADB]
* [[/George Augustine Taylor|Taylor, George Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-JG7] - 1872(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Nil (always operated under military or other amateur licences) - Qualifications: Nil - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, founder WIA NSW, founder Association for Development of Wireless in Australasia - Electoral Rolls: Nil - gone too soon - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-george-augustine-8756 ADB]
* [[/Leslie Harry Taylor|Taylor, Leslie Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-CD4] - 1898(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Sydney (Ashfield, 1936-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1723, 1936, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Leichhardt, 1930-1933; Ashfield, 1935-1968); retired (Ashfield, 1977)

===''TEECE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Auburn Selwyn Teece|Teece, Cecil Auburn Selwyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2Z37-JSS] - 1885(NSW)-1970(ACT) - Licences: V733 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GO Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (East Melbourne, 1909); examiner (Kew, 1910); civil servant (Kew, 1912; Hawthorn, 1914-1917); examiner of patents (Box Hill, 1919); civil servant (Toorak, 1922; Sandringham, 1924; St Kilda, 1928; East Melbourne, 1931; Reid, ACT, 1935-1937; Barton, 1943); public servant (Barton, 1949-1954); retired (Braddon, 1958-1968)
===''TEMPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Lander Templeton|Templeton, Gordon Lander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-VLH] - 1909(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3OW Coleraine (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 631, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Tahara Bridge, 1931-1937) - Relationships: cousin of 3HG Neil Murray Templeton - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
* [[/Neil Murray Templeton|Templeton, Neil Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6SD-RDT] - 1911(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3HG Coleraine (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 632, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1934-1937); RAAF (Canterbury, 1943); grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1949-1963) - Relationships: cousin of 3OW Gordon Lander Templeton

===''THEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Milton Theel|Theel, Kenneth Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD1Z-1Z9] - 1908(SA)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5CT Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5QP Adelaide (St Peters, 1927-1933; Clarence Park, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 322, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ledger keeper (Reade Park Gardens, SA, 1941-1943)

===''THOMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Kirk Raleigh Thomas|Thomas, Henry Kirk Raleigh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-8LL] - 1902(NSW)-19??(???) - 2HT Sydney (Mosman, 1924; Neutral Bay, 1925-1933; Cremorne, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1, 1924, No. 1 in NSW and Australia), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2GB, assistant engineer, 1946)
* [[/Herbert Thomas|Thomas, Herbert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6DY Perth (CBD, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, salesman (Harris Scarfe, 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous HTs
* [[/Ivor Thomas|Thomas, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-Q3G] - 1897(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5IT Adelaide (Mitcham, 1929-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 496, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Kingswood Park, 1939-1943)
* [[/Josiah Thomas|Thomas, Josiah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSY-Y24] - 1863(Eng)-1933(NSW) - establishment radio station (2CH), state politician (NSW, MLA, 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR, Postmaster-General 1908-1909, 1910-1911) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Roland Henry Thomas|Thomas, Roland Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-7Z4] - 1911(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4LR Brisbane (Bulimba, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1058, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bulimba, 1934); radio technician (Bulimba, Qld, 1937-1972); proprietor (Manly West, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Roy Valentine Thomas|Thomas, Roy Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6H-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1958(NSW) - 2TK Sydney (Erskinville, 1925), 2RV Sydney (Bondi North, 1927-1930), 2TK Sydney (South Hurstville, 1947-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 62, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''THOMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Thompson|Thompson, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HF Receive Sydney (East Balmain, 1922-1923); 2HF Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 47, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: several contemporaneous F. Thompson
* [[/Geoffrey George Thompson|Thompson, Geoffrey George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SP-DDD] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3GT Melbourne (Thornbury, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 388, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Thornbury, 1934-1937; North Melbourne, 1949); cameraman (Hawthorn, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Neville Weston Fane Thompson|Thompson, Leonard Neville Weston Fane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJKN-FJV] - 1899(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3LT Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1933; Carrum, 1937-1939; Bonbeach, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 762, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Glenferrie, 1925; Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1934; Carrum, 1936-1954)
* [[/Stanley Gordon Thompson|Thompson, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLZ-S21] - 1906(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (North Brighton, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: expert (Brighton, Vic, 1931); mechanic (Brighton, Vic, 1936); sales (Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1972)

===''THOMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Thomson|Thomson, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZND-ZPF] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3AT Sunshine (1925), amateur operator (AOCP 145, 1925, No. ?? in Vic)
* [[/G. L. Thomson|Thomson, G. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2GT Sydney (Waverley, 1924-1925), amateur operator (AOCP 3, 1924, No. 2 in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator of 2BV Waverley Radio Club
===''THORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Thorley|Thorley, Roy &quot;John&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-8GW] - 1912(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4RT Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1937; Annerley, 1938-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, president); business proprietor (mechanical engineering) - Comment: killed in automobile accident - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1937); engineer (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1963); contractor (Charters Towers, Qld, 1963)

===''THURSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wyngate Thurstan|Thurstan, Arthur Wyngate]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVFV-XSS] - 1907(Eng)-1976(NSW) - 2AV Sydney (Penshurst, 1924-1939; Beverley Hills, 1946-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 38, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, Lempriere &amp; Co (metallurgist; Chief Chemist, 1937)

===''THRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Thring|Thring, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XFG-ZY6] - 1882(NSW)-1936(Vic) - Film producer, founder 3XY Melbourne - Links: [[w:F. W. Thring|Wikipedia]]
===''THROSSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Ledsam Throssell|Throssell or Throssel, Lancelot Ledsam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHFL-59C] - 1902(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6LT Northam (1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 248, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Northam, 1925-1931); civil servant (Northam, 1936-1937); clerk (Bruce Rock, 1943); bank officer (Kojonup, 1954; Innaloo, 1963-1972); retired (Osborne Park, 1980)

===''THUGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thuge|Thuge, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-F55] - 1917(Qld)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4NC Gladstone (1936-1937); 4NO Gladstone (1938-1939); 4NO Brisbane (Hendra, 1947); 2ANO Sydney (Stanmore, 1948-1950; Arncliffe, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1622, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Charters Towers, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Petersham, NSW, 1949; Arncliffe, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Burwood, NSW, 1972)

===''THYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Joseph Thynne|Thynne, Andrew Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3H-T8K] - 1847(Irl)-1927(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1867, eventually Lieutenant-Colonel), profession (solicitor, Qld, 1873-1882), state politician (Qld MLC, Minister for Justice and Attorney General; Qld Postmaster-General, 1894-1897)

===''TILBROOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clem David Lloyd Tilbrook|Tilbrook, Clem David Lloyd]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-4PQ] - 1912(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5GL Adelaide (Brighton, 1933-1937; Camden, 1938-1939; Colonel Light Gardens, 1947-1965; Daw Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1210, 1933, SA; 2COCP 381, 1940; 1COCP 468, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Camden, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TILNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Edward Tilney|Tilney, Leslie Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPDS-4PK] - 1870(NSW)-1937(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 13, 1914 - early wireless experimenter (army); coastal wireless officer, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1916-1917); soldier (Claremont, 1917); commissioner (Caulfield, 1924-1931); civil servant (Malvern, 1933-1936) - TroveTag: &quot;Leslie Edward Tilney&quot; (400+ tags) - Links: [https://www.anzac-biographies.com/2021/06/05/tilney-lieutenant-colonel-leslie-edward-dso-mid-vd/ Bio]

===''TILSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Howard Tilse|Tilse, Arthur Howarde &quot;Howard&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTK5-CS8] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4WO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939; South Brisbane, 1946-1948; Yeronga, 1954-1970) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 725, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 155, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Army Signals, RAAF); art dealer - Electoral Rolls: radiotrician (Yeronga, 1934-1937); RAAF wireless operator (West End, Townsville, 1943); radio operator (South Brisbane, 1949); art dealer (Yeronga, 1954-1972)
===''TIMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Robert Timmins|Timmins, Alan Robert]] - broadcast engineer (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA), senior federal public servant (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA)
===''TIPPING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Tipping|Tipping, Edward Charles]] - 19??(???)-1968(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIQ, member, 1912), federal public servant (PMGD, clerk/accountant), military (Captain, Royal Engineers)
===''TIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. G. Tiver|Tiver, R. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Tanunda (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''TODD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Hugh Todd|Todd, Alan Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-7SG] - 1919(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4HT Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937; Newmarket, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Red Hill, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1639, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1954-1977) 
* [[/Charles Todd|Todd, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3X-PJ6] - 1826(Eng)-1910(SA) - senior state public servant (Government Electrician, Postmaster-General SA) - Links: [[w:Charles Todd (pioneer)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/todd-sir-charles-4727 ADB]
* [[/Lionel Victor Glen Todd|Todd, Lionel Victor Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5CG-Z68] - 1896(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2CR Tamworth (1922-1935); 2LS Tamworth (1936-1938); 2LS Denistone (1939); 2LS Sydney (West Ryde, 1957-1965; Denistone, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 132, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 282, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2CR callsign withdrawn by PMG in 1935 for 2CR Orange (Blayney) ABC - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (West Tamworth, 1932-1937); assistant radio inspector (Eastwood, 1943-1968)
* [[/Milton Buchanan Todd|Todd, Milton Buchanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-NQT] - 1892(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 63, 1915; 1COCP 81, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Thursday Island, 1916); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1930-1935); officer (Lewisham, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1937; Croydon, NSW, 1943; Townsville, 1949); senior radio officer (Townsville, 1954); radio officer (Kensington, NSW, 1958); retired (Blaxland, 1958)
* [[/Tom Arthur Todd|Todd, Tom Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD9C-7P5] - 1906(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2OT Receive Sydney (Eastwood, 1923); 2TT Sydney (Eastwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1957) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 984, 1928; 2COCP 50, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Eastwood, 1930-1937); radio mechanic (Eastwood, 1943-1977)

===''TONGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edward Tonge|Tonge, Arthur Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4S-MNM] - 1895(Eng)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AR Brisbane (Taringa, 1933; Indooroopilly, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1149, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 54, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darra, 1931; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937); mechanic (Milton, 1943-1949); process worker (Indooroopilly, 1954)

===''TONGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Melville Tongs|Tongs, Lawrence or Laurence Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR9L-Y7N] - 1899(Tas)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 7BU Receive North Motton (1923); Receive North Motton (1923); 2ADB Finley (1937-1939); 7LT Devonport (1960-1969); 3ALV Melbourne (Parkville, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 687, 1922; 2COCP 421, 1941 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Finley, 1930-1935); radio dealer (1936-1949); farmer (Dandenong, 1954); radio technician (Devonport, 1972); retired (Parkville, 1977-1980)

===''TONKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Maxwell Tonkin|Tonkin, Arthur Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLL6-HT9] - 1915(WA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 6MZ Katanning (1935-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Salisbury, 1948); 5TI Clare (1975); 5MZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1525, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Katanning, WA, 1937) 
* [[/Stanley Gordon Tonkin|Tonkin, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DQ-2R1] - 1910(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 2SG Albury (1929-1931); 2SG Sydney (Double Bay, 1933; Waverley, 1933-1936; Lane Cove, 1937); 2SG Goonellabah (1938-1939); 2SG Sydney (Epping, 1946-1955); 5SG Adelaide (Hampstead Gardens, 1956; Manningham, 1969; Glenunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 520, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 57, 1931; 2COCP 391, 1940; 1COCP 493, 1941  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Woolwich, 1932); engineer (Edgecliff, 1933); mechanic (Waverley, 1934); radio engineer (Newtown, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936; Goonellabah, 1937; Eastwood, 1943); radio technician (West Epping, 1949-1954)

===''TORMEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Tormey|Tormey, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-85X] - 1902(NSW)-1993(ACT) - Licences: 2ET Canberra (City, 1930-1934; Ainslie, 1935-1939, 1946-1955); 1ET Canberra (Ainslie, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 687, 1930, No. ?? in ACT - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Braddon, 1928-1930; Ainslie, 1935); bus driver (Ainslie, 1937); car driver (Ainslie, 1943-1980)

===''TRAEGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Hermann Traeger|Traeger, Alfred Hermann or Herman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNJ-LRP] - 1895(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AX Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1926-1931; Corryton, 1933-1937; Marratville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 293, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; inventor (with 5BG) of the pedal wireless for the RFDS - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, 1930-1932); wireless engineer (Leabrook, SA, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/traeger-alfred-hermann-8839 ADB]

===''TRAYNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Byron Traynor|Traynor, Philip Byron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-LCT] - 1900(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 224, 1925, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 353, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mile End, 1939); federal public servant (Glandore, 1941); inspector (Torrens Park, 1943)

===''TREBILCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Trebilcock|Trebilcock, Eric William]] - 1911(???)-1989(SA) - BERS195 (1933+), amateur listener
===''TREDREA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Aloysius Trevithick Tredrea|Tredrea, Frederick Aloysius Trevithick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MC1W-M7C] - 1900(WA)-1958(WA) - Licences: 6FT Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1929-1931; South Perth, 1933); 6FT Northam (1937); 6FT Perth (South Perth, 1938-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 512, 1929, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 156, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, 1925); radio operator (Northam, 1936); broadcast engineer (South Perth, 1937-1958)

===''TREGEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. S. Tregear|Tregear, W. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 3TR Melbourne (Hawthorn 192x), 3TX Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, 3TR callsign withdrawn by PMGD to prevent confusion with 3TR Sale Class B station
===''TREHARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elgar Dennis Llewellyn Treharne|Treharne, Elgar Dennis Llewellyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-X9R] - 1914(NSW)-1997(SA) - 2AFQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Ross 2IQ/5??
* [[/Herbert Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Herbert Fredrind &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F8-6ZN] - 1883(NSW)-1968(SA) - 2BM Sydney, 5QT Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW, age 60), father of Ross 2IQ/5?? and Elgar 2AFQ/5??
* [[/Ross Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Ross Fredrind]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-DJD] - 1919(NSW)-1982(SA) - 2IQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP 1513, 1935, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Elgar 2AFQ/5??
===''TRELOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Treloar|Treloar, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMJ-379] - 1906(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6JT Perth (Beaconsfield, 1931-1933; Melville, 1937; Beaconsfield, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 790, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1931-1943); tally clerk (Bicton, WA, 1949-1980)

===''TRESSIDDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Laurence Tresidder|Tresidder, William Laurence or Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PT-SQ7] - 1904(WA)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3WT Bendigo (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Bendigo, 1927-1942); radio (Kangaroo Flat, 1949-1954); radio engineer (Bendigo, 1963-1980)
===''TREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Stanley Trew|Trew, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCB6-GW4] - 1902(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6RS Harvey (1933-1937); 6RS Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1938-1939); 6RP Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1189, 1933, WA; 2COCP 382, 1940; 1COCP 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant postal department (York, WA, 1925); postal assistant (York, WA, 1926); postal employee (Harvey, WA, 1931-1937); postal clerk (Leederville, WA, 1937-1943); PMG (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); radio monitor (Joondanna Heights, WA, 1954-1958)

===''TRIM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Trim|Trim, Sydney (Electoral Rolls) or Sidney (BDM)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL7D-NLM] - 1880(Vic)-1960(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 179; 2COCP 178, 1930; 1COCP 105, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1913; West Perth, WA, 1913-1914); &quot;radio station&quot; (Wyndham, WA, 1914-1917); farmer (Mosman, NSW, 1936-1937); engineer (Applecross, WA, 1937-1958)

===''TROTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Ford Trott|Trott, Clement Ford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGY-XPN] - 1907(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CS McLaren Vale (1928-1929); 5CF McLaren Vale (1930-1931); 5CF Willunga (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 454, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (McLaren Flat, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Rusel Troy|Troy, Thomas Rusel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKG-MKH] - 1898(NSW)-1992(NSW) - 2SH Receive West Maitland (1923), 2SH West Maitland (1924-1925), 2TY West Maitland (1926-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 208, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, postman (West Maitland, 1930-1949), postal officer (Maitland, 1954), postal clerk (Maitland, 1958)
===''TRUDGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Wallis Trudgen|Trudgen, Maxwell Wallis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3H-XYH] - 1907(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (East Adelaide, 1926); 5HS Adelaide (Fullarton, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 247, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mitcham, 1939-1941); mechanical engineer (Sydney, 1943-1954); engineer (Little Bay, 1958-1968)
===''TRUNFULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Leonard Trunfull|Trunfull, Richard Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBL-K7B] - 1906(Eng)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6RT South Greenough (1932-1933); 6RT Peel Estate (1937); 6RT Roebourne (1938-1939); 6RT Dangin (1947-1948); 6RT Nungarin (1954); 6RT Narembeen (1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 924, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (South Greenough, WA, 1931; Baldavis, WA, 1936; Dangin, WA, 1943-1949; Nungarin, WA, 1954; Narembeen, WA, 1958)

===''TUMBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Henry Tumbridge|Tumbridge, Stanley Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM12-M1C] - 1899(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4ST Ipswich (1932-1933); 4ST Stanthorpe (1937-1939); 4ST Broadwater, 1947-1948; 4ST Brisbane (Woody Point, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 986, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Woodend, Qld, 1921); teacher (Murgon, Qld, 1925); school teacher (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1936-1937; Broadwater, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Margate, Qld, 1949-1954; Woody Point, Qld, 1958-1963)

===''TURNBULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Edward Turnbull|Turnbull, Norman Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TP-7K8] - 1900(WA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 6NO Narrogin (1928); 6NO Perth (City, 1930; Subiaco, 1931; Shenton Park, 1937-1939); 3AXX Melbourne (Armadale, 1954; Carrum, 1955; Parkdale, 1956; Cheltenham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: c; AOCP 430, 1928, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1120, 1928; 1COCP 185, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Bunbury, 1922; Busselton, 1925; Narrogin, 1925; Subiaco, 1931); radio inspector (Subiaco, 1934-1936); civil servant (East Perth, 1937); engineer (Armadale, 1954); clerk (Sandringham, 1958); manager (Sandringham, 1963-1968; Cheltenham, 1972); retired (Cheltenham, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert William Turnbull|Turnbull, Robert William or Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1S-GP4]  - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2RO Sydney (Burwood, 1927-1938; Northbridge, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 317, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bricklayer (Homebush, 1930-1963)

===''TURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Reginald Turner|Turner, Edward Arthur Reginald &quot;Rex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT9-JD5] - 1910(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CW Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1925); 5SA Adelaide (Leabrook, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 272, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butter maker (Gawler, 1939-1943)
* [[/Haswell Elliott Alfred Turner|Turner, Haswell Elliott Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQG-8TG] - 1891(Vic)-1969(NSW) - 2TM Sydney (Mosman, 1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 127, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, military, likely related to XACW E. Turner, Jnr
* [[/Ralph Robinson Turner|Turner, Ralph Robinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2D-S51] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5TR Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1935-1937; Dulwich, 1938-1939; Linden Park, 1947-1969; Echunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1444, 1935, SA; BOCP 66, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dulwich, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Robert John Blackwell Turner|Turner, Robert John Blackwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L62T-FP7] - 1884(NSW)-1943(NSW) - 2RT Goulburn (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 55, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''TWEEDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/P. Tweedle|Tweedle, P.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DM Receive Brisbane (Albion, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''TYAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Robert Wilson Tyas|Tyas, Norman Robert Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHC-SK6] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4TY Gracemere (1932-1934); 4TY Kingaroy (1935-1939); 4TY Brisbane (Manly, 1946-1948); 4TY Boonah (1954); 4TY Wallangarra (1955-1956); 4TY Warwick (1960); Brisbane (Manly, 1965-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1059, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); state public servant (state school principal) - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Kingaroy, Qld, 1936-1943; Brookstead, Qld, 1949; Mt Alford, Qld, 1954); teacher (Wallangarra, Qld, 1958); school teacher (Warwick, Qld, 1963; Manly, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''TYMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Tymms|Tymms, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-R2D] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 84, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Geraldton, 1922; Como, 1925); not stated (Broome, 1937); wireless telegraphist (Townsville, 1954)

=='''U'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''UMBACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ricky Charles Umback|Umback, Ricky Charles]] - early wireless historian (Ph.D. Thesis, 2016, &quot;Constituting Australia's International Wireless Service: 1901-1922&quot;) [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/142647/1/Umback%20Thesis%202018.pdf]
===''UNDERWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Underwood|Underwood, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-1XZ] - 1875(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Newstead, Qld, 1913-1915; Clayfield, Qld, 1916-1943); no occupation (Albion, Qld, 1943; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949)

===''UNGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Unger|Unger, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-????(???) - 2YRS Alectown (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ????, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, son of Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger 2UJ
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger|Unger, Herbert Wilhelm Carl or Herbert William Carl]] - 1911(???)-2012(NSW, 101yo) - 2UJ Alectown (1933-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1108, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, father of A. H. Unger 2YRS

===''URQUHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Stewart Urquhart|Urquhart, Malcolm Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXT-5C3] - 1905(WA)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1925-1939); 6MU Merredin (1946-1960); 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 116, 1925, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 27, 1936; AOLCP 158, 1934; 2COCP 85, 1937; 1COCP 126, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clerk (1931); broadcast technician (6MD, 1958); WW2 (1939-1945) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Cottesloe, WA, 1931-1937); broadcast technician (Merredin, WA, 1943-1963)

=='''V'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''VALENTINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Keith Valentine|Valentine, Lionel Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZVK] - 1916(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7KV Hobart (Bellerive, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1148, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bellerive, Tas, 1937; Acton, ACT, 1949); public servant (Hobart West, Tas, 1958)
===''VAN COUTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Josephus Van Cooth|Van Cooth, John Robert Josephus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GN-6ZP] - 1908(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (St Kilda West, 1931)
===''VARDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Edwin Vardon|Vardon, Joseph Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV9V-VPR] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923-1924); 5OM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 329, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Malvern, 1941-1943)

===''VAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Vaughan (also known as Hearps, change of name), David Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-HG5] - 1901(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2FY Sydney (Lakemba, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 665, 1930, NSW (Hearps); AOCP 1003, 1932, NSW (Vaughan) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Lakemba, 1930-1937); machinist (Lakemba, 1943-1972)

===''VEALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Pax Veall|Veall, Reginald Pax]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-GR6] - 1918(Vic)-1942(NT) - Licences: 3PV Melbourne (St Kilda, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2050, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 274, 1939; 1COCP 375, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Merchant Navy, Wireless Officer, MV Neptuna) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [http://www.ntlexhibit.nt.gov.au/exhibits/show/bod/roh/veall]
===''VEARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elwyn Thomas Vears|Vears, Elwyn Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHS1-C67] - 1901(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2BM Leura (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Strathfield, 1930-1937; Burwood, 1943-1958)) 
===''VERNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Henry Vernon|Vernon, Charles Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88V-18Z] - 1901(WA)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6KZ Albany (1930-1931); 6KZ Perth (Fremantle, 1933-1939); 3AMD Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1947); 6KZ Perth (Guildford, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 566, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Forts, Albany, 1922-1931; Fremantle, 1936-1937; 9AAD, Guildford, 1949-1954); retired (Wagin, 1958; Morley, 1963)

===''VICKARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Mervyn Vickary|Vickary, Reginald Mervyn &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-CLP] - 1909(NSW)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RV Cunnamulla (1930-1933); 4RV Warwick (1936-1939); 4VX Brisbane (Gordon Park, 1965; The Grange, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 702, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Cunnamulla, 1931); radio dealer (Warwick, 1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); shopkeeper (Toowoomba, 1949; Ekibin, 1954; Chermside, 1963; Grange, 1968-1972)
===''VICKERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth James Vickery|Vickery, Kenneth James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQP-WMQ] - 1893(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Receive Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1923); 2RA Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Hurlstone Park, 1930-1933); electrician (West Ryde, 1935; Parkes, 1936; Uralla, 1943); farmer (North Richmond, 1949-1968)

===''VINCENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Vincent|Vincent, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-7S8] - 1906(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DL Receive Kalgoorlie (1923-1924); 6VK Kalgoorlie (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 59, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1931-1937); manufacturer (South Perth, WA, 1949-1963; Como, WA, 1972-1980)

===''VINING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Vining|Vining, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR1-NLT] - 1906(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4WE Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 277, 1926, No. 22 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carrier (Nundah, 1928-1931); motor driver (Mitchelton, 1934; Gaythorne, 1936); mechanic (Gayndah, 1943); telephone mechanic (Enoggera, 1949-1963); telephone technician (Enoggera, 1968-1977)

===''VIPAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alton Frederick Vipan|Vipan, Alton Frederick]] - 1890(NSW)-1946(NSW) - XHV Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), ship wireless operator, AWA (Koo-we-rup, 1922)

===''VOIGT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emil Robert Voigt|Voigt, Emil Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-VV2] - 1883(Eng)-1973(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - 2KY Sydney, broadcast station manager; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, NSW Labor wireless committee) - Relationships: father of Rion Osborne Voigt; grandfather of Robin Voigt - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Dee Why, 1930-1934); manager (Dee Why, 1935; Narrabeen, 1936)  - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/voigt-emil-robert-8930 ADB]; [[w:Emil_Voigt_(athlete)|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.radioheritage.com/story70/ RHF]
* [[/Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt|Voigt, Rion Osborne Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-L1V] - 1915(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - broadcast industry executive, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Narrabeen, 1937; Turramurra, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of Emil Robert Voigt; father of Robin Voigt
* [[/Robin Voigt|Voigt, Robin]] - historian (Emil Robert Voigt; 2KY) - Relationships: grandson of Emil Robert Voigt; son of Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt
===''VOLKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Henry Oxford Volkman|Volkman, Reginald Henry Oxford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4CV-7PH] - 1902(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2RY Grafton (1924-1925); 2RY Scone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Woollahra, 1930-1933)
===''VOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Taylor Vowles|Vowles, Rupert Taylor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYT-FLF] - 1894(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XIZ Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2AW Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2XZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 562, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Concord, 1930-1972)

=='''W'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''WADDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivon Edward Waddell|Waddell, Ivon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-H3S] - 1909(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WX Albany (1929-1930); 6WX Katanning (1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 561, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Katanning, 1936; South Perth, 1937)
===''WADDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. M. Waddle|Waddle, E. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4GZ Charters Towers (-1959+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''WADDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard William Mackie Waddy|Waddy, Richard William Mackie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB62-5RP] - 1848(SA)-1933(SA) - senior state public servant (SA Post &amp; Telegraphs Dept), senior federal public servant (Deputy Postmaster-General SA)
===''WADHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin Wadham|Wadham, Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZC-SBQ] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5KW Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Helmsdale, 1928; Da Costa Park, 1931; Glenelg, 1933; Adelaide, 1937; Glenelg, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 23, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WIA SA (Councillor 1931; Hon. Treasurer, 1931); National Radio Corp (manager, 1938); Holdfast Bay Yacht Club (Vice-commodore, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Helmsdale, SA, 1939-1941; Da Costa Park, SA, 1943)

===''WAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Fripp Wahl|Wahl, Alan Fripp]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMB-TD4] - 1918(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6JB Perth (Leederville, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Dianella, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2101, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Leederville, WA, 1943-1958); clerk (Dianella, WA, 1963-1980)

===''WALCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Crosby Walch|Walch, Alan Crosby or Crosby Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQC7-GSS] - 1907(NSW)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7BI Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923-1925); 7CW Hobart (Bellerive, 1926-1927; Battery Point, 1931-1933; City, 1937; Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 231, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1, 1936; 1AOCP 16, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Hobart South, 1936-1954)

===''WALDRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Gerard Waldron|Waldron, Francis Gerard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WALKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Walker|Walker, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFY-L2V] - 1898(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 699, 1922 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: newspaper carrier (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1934-1937); carrier (Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1972)
* [[/Charles Welsh Walker|Walker, Charles Welsh &quot;Chas&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFR-19W] - 1899(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4CU Receive Clifton (1923); 4CU Clifton (1924-1960); 4DQ Portable Clifton (1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 10, 1924, No. 2 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; motor mechanic; Walker's Radio Service (proprietor, 1930s-1950s) - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Clifton, Qld, 1921-1958)
* [[/Louis Edward Walker|Walker, Louis Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSWB-L81] - 1864(Eng)-1934(At Sea) - Oversight of the 1906 Bass Strait link for Marconi Wireless Telegraphy Co
* [[/Philip Billingsley Walker|Walker, Phillip Billingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MNF3-P9W] - 1840(Eng)-1900(NSW) - early wireless experimenter, employment (NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendent of Telegraphs, Chief Electrician)
* [[/Ronald Gregory Walker|Walker, Ronald Gregory &quot;Gregory&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRP-GC6] - 1907(NSW)-1929(At Sea) - Licences: 7BT Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; journalist (Hobart &quot;Mercury&quot;); film maker - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1928) - Links: [http://www.seafarersmemorial.org.au/memorials/walker_g.php Seafarer's Memorial]
* [[/William Spencer Walker|Walker, William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCF4-R77] - 1911(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5WW Adelaide (Alberton, 1934-1939; West Croydon, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1305, 1934, SA; BOCP 444, 1942; TVOCP 274, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939); mechanic (West Croydon, SA, 1941-1943)

===''WALLACE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] See Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;
===''WALLBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Walter Wallbridge|Wallbridge, Leslie Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDMT-HKZ] - 1910(Eng)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5UX Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1930-1937); 5UX Peterborough (1938-1939); 5UX Kadina (1947-1948); 5UX Cook (1954-1955); 5UX Saddleworth (1956); 5UX Hawker (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 712, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Peterborough, SA, 1939-1941; Rendelsham, SA, 1943; Alice Springs, NT, 1963)

===''WALLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Wallis|Wallis, John Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JW Longford (1932-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 893, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Burnie, 1928; Longford, 1936-1937)
* Wallace, Florence Violet (adoptive name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)

===''WALSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Dunbar Walsh|Walsh, Harold Dunbar &quot;Cordite&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W3-CT7] - 1903(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4HW Brisbane (Hamilton, 1925-1931; Rocklea, 1946-1947)); 4WN Brisbane (Hamilton, 1927, dealer) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 133, 1925, No 14 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF); solicitor; pilot - Comment: Tragic end to a productive life - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1925-1937); airline pilot (Moorooka, 1949)

===''WALTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Allan Walters|Walters, Charles Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-LBY] - 1910(Vic)-1947(Vic) - Licences: 3CW Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1933; Heidelburg, 1937-1939; Brunswick, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 524, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1931-1936; Heidelberg, 1937; Brunswick, 1942)
* [[/Gerald Wills Walters|Walters, Gerald (Wills or Willis or blank)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7Y-1HZ] - 1886(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 108, 1915; 2COCP 157, 1930; 1COCP 129, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Currie, King Island, Tas, 1919; Darwin, NT, 1922); radio telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1928); wireless officer (Radio Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1936-1937); wireless (Gladesville, NSW, 1943); wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''WALZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edwyn Walz|Walz, Arthur Edwyn or Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM9T-LB3] - 1908(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4AW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939; Wavell Heights, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 287, 1926, No. 26 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; plumber; radio repair business - Relationships: son of Conrad August Walz - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Nundah, 1934-1943); radio engineer (Wavell Heights, 1949-1980) 
* [[/Conrad August Walz|Walz, Conrad August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRGZ-QF3] - 1882(Qld)-1951(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), plumber, farmer, father of 4AW Arthur Edwyn Walz

===''WARDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney William Lumley Wardle|Wardle, Sidney William Lumley]] - 1911(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 2OU Woodford Leigh (1930-1935); 2OU Armidale (1936-1937); 2OU Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939); 5OU Adelaide (Lockleys, 1946-1954); 2DID Berridale (1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 610, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Woodford Leigh, 1934-1935); technician (Bondi North, 1937; Woollahra, 1943); retired (Berridale, 1980)
===''WARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Clarke Waring|Waring, Cecil Clarke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQW4-V9F] - 1904(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3CU Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1924); 3YW Melbourne (Camberwell, 1929-1931; Canterbury, 1933; Kew, 1937); 3YW Rupanyup (1938-1939); 3YW Stawell (1946-1948); 3YW Warrnambool (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 549, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Canterbury, 1925-1928; Kew, 1931-1937; Stawell, 1942-1949; Warrnambool, 1954-1977)
===''WARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Leslie George Warne|Warne, Maurice Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSP-LHY] - 1909(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2MW Sydney (Croydon, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 300, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Campsie, 1931-1934); radio mechanic (Campsie, 1936-1937); radio sales (Kogarah, 1943-1963); radio &amp; TV technician (Arncliffe, 1968)
===''WARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Albert Warner|Warner, Geoffrey Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-6NR] - 1914(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2CK Wyong (1930-1939); 3ABW Fiskville (1947); 9GW Port Moresby (1948-1954); 2AVW Bringelly (1955-1958); 2CK Bringelly (1960-1969); 6EG Bassendean (1975); 2HJ Camden (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 710, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 60, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless technician (Rockbank, Vic, 1942); technician (OTC Bringelly, 1958-1963); manager (Bassendean, 1977; Camden South, 1980) - callsign may have been withdrawn for 2CK Cessnock commercial (later restored)
===''WARNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Bernard Warnock|Warnock, Neil Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ8-58G] - 1944(Vic)-2019(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WATERHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. G. Waterhouse|Waterhouse, A. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XVV Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WATERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George James Waters|Waters, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X9-S46] - 1902(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3EX Receive Melbourne (Heathcote, 1922); 3XA Melbourne (East Prahran, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 608, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as yet - Comment: Passed too soon
* [[/James Alfred Waters|Waters, James Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JA Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1685, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Queensborough, 1936); teacher (Ringarooma, 1937); schoolteacher (Queensborough, 1943-1954)
* [[/Leslie Waters|Waters, Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85N-TZB] - 1882(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Innisfail (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Randell Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Innisfail, 1919-1943); radio dealer (Innisfail, 1949)

===''WATERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lindsay Carmel Waterworth|Waterworth, Lindsay Carmel &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YY-6M6] - 1892(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Rockhampton (1935-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1526, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Charleville, Qld, 1921); telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1968)

===''WATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Paul Watkins|Watkins, Andrew Paul]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6AW Perth (1936-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1805, 1936, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster
* [[/William Trevor Watkins|Watkins, William Trevor &quot;Trevor&quot;, &quot;Watty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKG-J4V] - 1899(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: T336 Hobart (1920-1921); 7AA Hobart (1922-1925); 7DX Hobart (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 107, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: PMGD withdrew 7AA callsign for their own use, electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1922), wireless expert (Medhurst &amp; Sons, Hobart, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (West Hobart, 1922-1928) - Comment: passed too soon

===''WATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. A. Watson|Watson, A. A.]] - bef1910(???)-aft1930(???) - Licences: 2UT Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 341, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: None as yet - Full name not yet identified
* [[/Douglas Mervyn Watson|Watson, Douglas Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MG-FPY] - 1920(Tas)-1989(Tas) - Licences: 7DW Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939; City, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1867, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Hobart South, 1949-1954); mechanic (Lindisfarne, 1972)
* [[/Herbert Leopold Watson|Watson, Herbert Leopold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZP-JLK] - 1897(Vic)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Kiama (1929-1933); 2OL Unanderra (1935-1938); 2OL Woollongong (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 545, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Kiama, 1930); electrical engineer (Unanderra, 1934-1937; Heidelberg, Vic, 1949); electrician (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1954); retired (Avalon Beach, 1968-1972; Mona Vale, 1977; Mosman, 1980) 
* [[/James David Watson|Watson, James David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F5-789] - 1910(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3NQ Darlington via Camperdown (1930-1939); 2ANQ Albury (1946-1957) - Qualifications: AOCP 633, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Darlington, 1931-1943); radio technician (Albury, 1949-1954) - Comment: Beware another JDW, labourer, Geelong, 1930s 
* [[/John Watson|Watson, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CR Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 436, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil, as yet, specific individual not yet identified
* [[/Samuel Wilfred Watson|Watson, Samuel Wilfred or Wilfred Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-LXP] - 1906(Eng)-1998(WA) - Licences: 6WW Perth (West Perth, 1930-1939, 1948-1969); 6WW Shoalwater Bay (1975); 6WW Cardup (1980) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 189, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (West Perth, WA, 1931-1972); retired (Shoalwater Bay, WA, 1977; Cardup, WA, 1980)
* [[/William Wesley Watson|Watson, William Wesley]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart South, 1949)

===''WATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Watt|Watt, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-4B7] - 1901(Sct)-1985(Tas) - Licences: 7BO Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923); Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prince of Wales Bay, 1922-1928); accountant (New Town, 1936-1949; Moonah, 1954)
* [[/Arthur William Watt|Watt, Arthur William]] -  19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly)
* [[/Charles Russell Watt|Watt, Charles Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-JFH] - 1904(Eng)-1993(NSW) - 2WT Tenterfield (1925-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 184, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, grazier (Tenterfield, 1930-1980)
===''WAUCHOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Wylie Wauchope|Wauchope, Ronald Wylie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH6X-QJR] - 1914(SA)-1933(SA)19yo - Licences: 5WE Adelaide (Maylands, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1086, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, 19yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WEATHERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Elsdon Weatherley|Weatherley, Harry William Elsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBF-1HC] - 1921(Vic)-2006(Vic) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, New Zealand DX Radio Association, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia - Chief Editor, Ontario DX Club), ANARC DXer of the year - metallurgist (Auburn, 1949-1954); technician (Mount Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Mount Waverley, 1980)
* [[/Herb J. Weatherley|Weatherley, Herb J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4HW Clifton (-1951+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), callsign formerly Harold Dunbar Walsh
===''WEATHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Weatherson|Weatherson, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WEATHERSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stewart Weatherston|Weatherston, William Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LZ-2KF] - 1905(WA)-1942(Sing) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1927); salesman (St Kilda, 1931; Forrest, ACT, 1935; Newtown, 1943!) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''WEBSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Charles Webster|Webster, Harold Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCRM-31P] - 1876(Tas)-1923(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Launceston, 1914); clerk (Hobart North, 1922)
* [[/William Webster|Webster, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJD-D94] - 1860(Eng)-1936(NSW) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1915-1920), played prominent part in the Postal Royal Commission

===''WEDDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Austin Weddell|Weddell, James Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK9-SYF] - 1914(SA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5ZL Adelaide (Reade Park, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1595, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Col Light Gardens, SA, 1939-1943); RAAF (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Auburn, Vic, 1954); RAAF officer (Richmond, NSW, 1958); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1963); not stated (Red Hill, ACT, 1968-1972); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Arthur Weddell|Weddell, John Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKM-KVK] - 1926(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FT Brisbane (Zillmere, 1954-1960); 2ZM Glenbrook (1961); 4FT Brisbane (Sandgate North, 1965-1969); 2BFT Sydney (Clovelly, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3172, 1951, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1949; Zillmere, Qld, 1954-1958; Sandgate, Qld, 1963-1968); technician (Marrickville, NSW,  1972; Clovelly, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''WEDGEWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Donald Wedgewood|Wedgewood, William Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLV-GM8] - 1901(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: N741 Receive NSW - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 692, 1922; 2COCP 49, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: boarder (Sutton Coalfield, Eng, 1911); manufacturer (Glenmore, 1930-1936); aviator (Nedlands, WA, 1937); farmer (Moruya, 1949-1954); greenkeeper (Brisbane, 1958); public servant (Hornsby, 1963-1972)

===''WEEKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. L. Weeks|Weeks, H. L.]] - 19??-19?? - Licences: 4CJ Receive Currumbin (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: - Identification: Not yet identified

===''WEISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred George Weiss|Weiss, Wilfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-7NP] - 1912(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2TV Sydney (Croydon Park, 1960-1961; Strathfield, 1965); 2TV Ettalong Beach (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 670, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lithgow, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Lithgow, 1943); silk screen craftsman (Croydon Park, 1949-1958); retired (Strathfield, 1963-1968; Ettalong Beach, 1972; Ettalong, 1977)

===''WELLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Arthur Martin Weller|Weller, Cyril Arthur Martin &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-WXH] - 1903(???)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2160, 1938, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, Radio Club (WIAQ, Brisbane DX Club), power station engineer, education (ME, UQ) - Electoral Rolls: student (Windsor, 1925); engineer (Wilston, 1925-1928; Camp Hill, 1934-1943; Clayfield, 1949-1972; Albion, 1977)
===''WELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Welling|Welling, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLHB-KQZ] - 1898(Eng)-1960(SA) - Licences: 5TW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1937); 5TW Mt Gambier (1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 179, 1930; 1COCP 81, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941); wireless technician (Mt Gambier, SA, 1943)

===''WELLINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hudson Wellington|Wellington, Stanley Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB84-47Y] - 1909(Tas)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7PK Hobart (New Town, 1932-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1002, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 117, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: representative (Caulfield, 1936); chemist (Brighton, Vic, 1937-1942); manager (Mosman, 1949-1980)

===''WELLMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Joseph Wellman|Wellman, Leo Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1SW-R9S] - 1898(NSW)-1965(NSW) - 2PS Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923), 2LW Sydney (Marrickville, 1925-1928), amateur operator (AOCP 117, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WELSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud William Welsh|Welsh, Claude or Claud  William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPH-WS4] - 1914(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4CW Warwick (1937-1939); 4DK Mackay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1982, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, Qld, 1937-1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1943); radio technician (Warwick, Qld, 1958; Mackay, Qld, 1958); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1963); radio technician (Mackay, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''WERRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Errol Limbrick Werrett|Werrett, Errol Limbrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-FMH] - 1908(Tas)-1974(Eng) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hampshire (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm worker (Hampshire, 1936-1937); fitter (South Melbourne, 1943); engineer (Caulfield, 1949-1968; Balaclava, 1972)

===''WESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Frederick Shorter Weston|Weston, Cyril Frederick Shorter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVJ-FXY] - 1905(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4EN Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kedron, 1928); Christian worker (Darlinghurst, 1934); grocer (Oatley, 1943); agriculturalist (Ourimbah, 1949); salesman (Paekhurst, 1963-1980); retired (Charmhaven, 1980)
* [[/George James Weston|Weston, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ3-Y8Q] - 1868(Eng)-1939(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 702, 1922 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant) - Comment: Several contemporaneous GJWs - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Albany, 1903); civil servant (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1910-1912); civil servant (Wireless Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1913); sailor (Toorak, 1919); naval officer (Elsternwick, 1919); civil servant (Auburn, Vic, 1922); wireless engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1924-1927); retired engineer (Upwey, 1931-1937)
* [[/Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston|Weston, Robert Marcus Hamilton &quot;Mark&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-KW6] - 1915(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4XO Bundaberg (1938-1939); 2WE Sydney (Lidcombe, 1946-1947); 2AWE Sydney (Kingsford, 1955; Kensington, 1956-1957); 2AYK Sydney (Kensington, 1957; Kingsford, 1958-1961); 2CM Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2076, 1938, Qld; 2COCP 386, 1940; 1COCP 581, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; wireless officer (QANTAS) - Relationships: husband of 2MR Verle Lorraine Weston nee Key(s) - Electoral Rolls: marine wireless operator (Auchenflower, Qld, 1943); radio operator (Blakehurst, NSW, 1949; Kingsford, NSW, 1954-1963; Sans Souci, NSW, 1968-1980)
* [[/Verle Lorraine Keys|Weston nee Key(s), Verle Lorraine]] - 1934(???)-1985(NSW) - 2MR Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980), YL amateur operator (AOCP ???, 1964, No. ?? in Qld), wife of Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston 2CM
* [[/William Wood Weston|Weston or Wehrstedt, William Wood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPG-KBQ] - 1912(WA)-1953(WA) - Licences: 6MW Perth (Nedlands, 1935-1939; North Beach, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1465, 1935, WA; BOCP 596, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Further clarification of identification required - Electoral Rolls: assistant operator (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); operator (Leederville, WA, 1943-1954; North Perth, WA, 1958-1968; Leederville, WA, 1972-1977)

===''WHALLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Percy Whalley|Whalley, Rupert Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGZ-CV3] - 1894(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JZ Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922); 3JZ Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1927); 3JZ Myrtleford (1937-1939); 3JZ Wangaratta (1946-1948); 3JZ Melbourne (Blackburn, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 238, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: builder (Sandringham, 1919-1925); farmer (Myrtleford, 1927-1942); tobacco grower (Wangaratta, 1949); foreman (Blackburn, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 3ZWZ Robert Kelvin Whalley

===''WHEELER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Winslow Wheeler|Wheeler, Harry Winslow]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBC-BYC] - 1910(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5FB Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1927-1928); 5HW Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 371, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF, DFC) - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Eden Hills, SA, 1939-1943); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1968) 
* [[/Victor George Wheeler|Wheeler, Victor George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4Z-FGL] - 1897(Eng)-1976(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; coastal wireless operator; WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electric mechanic (Roebourne, 1917-1922); manager (Fremantle, 1925)

===''WHITAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Thomas Whitaker|Whitaker, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKKW-5DB] - 1895(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2OI Receive Sydney (Banksia, 1923); 2OI Sydney (Banksia, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockdale, 1930; Banksia, 1933-1934); builder (Banksia, 1937-1949); instructor (Mount Colah, 1954-1958)
===''WHITBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Roy Whitburn|Whitburn, Douglas Roy &quot;Doug&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-3JX] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5BY Adelaide (Toorak, 1927-1931; Fullarton, 1933-1939; Rosefield, 1946-1947; Fullarton, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 312, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosefield, 1943)
* [[/Robert Philip Whitburn|Whitburn, Robert Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBF-5XB] - 1896(NSW)-1991(NSW)94yo - Licences: XACJ Sydney (Leichhardt, 1913-1914); 2DK Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922); 2DK Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chairmaker (Leichhardt, 1930-1968); retired (West Ryde, 1972-1980)
===''WHITE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Matthews White|White, Alfred Matthews]] - 1894(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Receive Winton (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tranby, Winton, 1915-1958); retired (Buderim, Qld, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles Robert White|White, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-S5H] - 1911(SA)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 5MX Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 802, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edwin Harold White|White, Edwin Harold &quot;Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-QGH] - 1911(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1933-1939); 4EW Mackay (1946-1950); 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1954-1956); 5OW &amp; 8OW Darwin (1956-1963); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1963-1965); 4OW Mt Isa (1969); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1141, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 250, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, Fortress Signals); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Red Hill, 1934-1936); radio technician (Longreach, 1937); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1943; Mackay, 1949); communications officer (Archerfield, 1954); public servant (Red Hill, 1963; Mt Isa, 1968; Red Hill, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank Philip White|White, Frank Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSJ-9NF] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 189, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank Roy White|White, Frank Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4P-LVT] - 1911(NSW)-1994(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 5, 1934; 1COCP 12, 1934 - beam wireless operator (AWA); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Ryde, 1933-1935); telegraphist (Roseville, 1936-1937; Ryde, 1943-1968)

===''WHITELAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Roy Whitelaw|Whitelaw, Charles Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99WD-7NY] - 1891(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: XMO Melbourne (Rosedale, 1913-1914); 3BH Melbourne (Mooroolbark, 1923-1925); 3BH Stawell (1925); 3BH Benalla (1925-1927); 3BH Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931); 3BH Woomelang (1933); 3BH Melbourne (Mornington 1937-1939); 3BH (Harrisfield, 1946-1947; Dandenong, 1948; Noble Park, 1954-1955; Boronia, 1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 87, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; fire brigade and railway stationmaster; WW1 (AFC, Wireless Operator, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Creswick, 1914); assistant stationmaster (Ravenswood, 1919); stationmaster (Mooroolbark, 1922-1924); railway employee (Timboon, 1925); stationmaster (Benalla, 1925-1927; Mitcham, 1931; Euroa, 1942; Harrisfield, 1949-1954)
===''WHITING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Ambrose Whiting|Whiting, Reginald Ambrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR6-XDQ] - 1911(SA)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Torrensville, 1932-1933); 3MZ Melbourne (East Preston, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 988, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (South Yarra, Vic, 1934; Essendon, Vic, 1937); fitter &amp; turner (Preston, Vic, 1942-1968); fitter (Preston, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''WHITLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gough Whitlam|Whitlam, Edward Gough &quot;Gough&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VH-8BJ] - 1916(Vic)-2014(NSW) - Prime Minister (1972-1975), WW2 (RAAF, Flight Lieutenant, navigator &amp; bomb aimer, 1942-1945) - Electoral Rolls: student (Glebe, 1943); barrister (Cronulla, 1949; Cabramatta, 1958-1963; Red Hill, 1977; Double Bay, 1980) - executive oversight of the introduction of community radio in Australia - Links: [[w:Gough Whitlam|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Lewis Alfred John Whitlam|Whitlam, Lewis Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYY1-BBB] - 1904(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer's assistant (Brisbane City, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1943-1968); engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. Wicks|Wicks, C.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQK Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WILDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril George Wildman|Wildman, Cyril George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMG3-GNP] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1931; Moreland, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; East Brunswick, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 624, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 422, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Melbourne, 1927; Fitzroy North, 1931; Coburg, 1934-1942); electrical engineer (Brunswick East, 1977-1980)

===''WILKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Winstanley Wilkin|Wilkin, John Winstanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LX-1P7] - 1891(NZ)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5JW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1928; Osmond, 1931; Glen Osmond, 1933; North Walkerville, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; likely qualified in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Toorak, SA, 1939-1943)

===''WILKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wilkins|Wilkins, Arthur]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AW Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1927; East St Kilda, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 375, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous Arthur Wilkins, specific to be identified

===''WILKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Angus Wilkinson|Wilkinson, Dudley Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR41-Q53] - 1919(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5WD Adelaide (Frewville, 1935-1939; College Park, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1455, 1935, SA; BOCP 182, 1938; 1COCP 284, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hawthorn, SA, 1941; Ballarat, Vic, 1942)

===''WILLIAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Williams|Williams, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1930-1931); 5BO Adelaide (Ottaway, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 659, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AEWs in SA
* [[/Alex Elisha Williams|Williams, Alex Elisha]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JC-RN9] - 1913(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3KT Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1062, 1932, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Elsternwick, 1936-1937; Camberwell, 1943-1949; Highfield Park, 1954); school teacher (Frankston, 1967-1968); teacher (Frankston, 1972-1980)
* [[/Alfred Keith Williams|Williams, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-3SS] - 1905(WA)-1932(WA) - Licences: 6AW Collie (1929-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 502, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture S. operator (Collie, 1930) 
* [[/Ernest Arthur Williams|Williams, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKNS-QYG] - 1888(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2QY Receive Wollongong (1923); 2QY Wollongong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Wollongong, 1913, 1930-1958); retired (Wollongong, 1968)
* [[/Harold Parkyn Williams|Williams, Harold Parkyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7CW-DGX] - 1881(Qld)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - first general manager of ABC - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/williams-harold-parkyn-9112 ADB]
* [[/J. E. Williams|Williams, J. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DQ Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: many contemporaneous JEWs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Henry Williams|Williams, John Henry Jnr &quot;Johnny&quot; &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP3D-8NG] - 1880(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Mackay (1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 507, 1929, No ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: iron monger? (Mackay, 1925-1943) - established commercial broadcaster 4MK Mackay 1931
* [[/Leslie Samuel Barnes Williams|Williams, Leslie Samuel Barnes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-X56] - 1896(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4LS Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1930-1933); 4LS Toogoolawah (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 630, 1930, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: naval signalman (Cape Moreton, 1917-1922); saddler (Indooroopilly, 1925-1931); boot repairer (Toogoolawah, 1934-1958); retired (Taringa, 1963-1972) 
* [[/Neville Williams|Williams, Neville]] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199701.pdf EA]

===''WILLIAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Joseph Augustine Williamson|Williamson, Cecil Joseph Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K879-9HC] - 1925(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2CW Yass (1929-1931); 2ALS Yass (1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 525, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Yass, 1930-1949); farmer (Trundle, 1949); mechanic (Orange, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frederick Lerpiniere Williamson|Williamson, Frederick Lerpiniere]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6L-GCH] - 1896(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5AH Receive Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922); 5AH Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922-1927; Collinswood, 1928, 1948-1955); also dealer licence 5BT Adelaide 1925-1926 for Kauper, Austin &amp; Williamson - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 22, 1924, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 284, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Hubert Gordon Williamson|Williamson, Hubert Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7J-YQP] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3GW Rainbow (1927-1939, 1946-1960), 3GW Lalor (1965-1969), 3GW Melbourne (East Doncaster, 1975-1980), 3GH Rainbow (1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 342, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), (1COCP 593, 1942), amateur broadcaster
* Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian - See Marjorie Lilian Hutchings
===''WILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Oliver Willis|Willis, Harold Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-NLZ] - 1898(Vic)-1976(WA) - Licences: 6OW Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1931); 6AM Perth (South Fremantle, 1933); 6HW Perth (South Fremantle, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 675, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: baker (South Fremantle, 1925-1968)

===''WILLMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert Willmott|Willmott or Wilmot, Thomas Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD6-TB4] - 1886(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Receive South Grafton (1922); 2ZO South Grafton (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 48, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Grafton South, 1930-1943)
===''WILLOUGHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lancelot Willoughby|Willoughby, Eric Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR88-Q5X] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BM Adelaide (Penrhyn, 1932-1939); 5GO Adelaide (Unley, 1948); 3FB Noojee (1954-1956); 3FB Neerim Junction (1960); 4EW Booval (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1035, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Penrhyn, SA, 1939-1943); farmer (Noojee, Vic, 1949-1954); PMG Linesman (Booval, Qld, 1963-1968); PMG (Booval, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WILSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Wilson|Wilson, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DL Receive Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Darius Joseph Wilson|Wilson, Darius Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZR-GJ4] - 1901(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DW Sydney (Leichhardt, 1929-1931; Lidcombe, 1933; Five Dock, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Warwick Farm, 1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 548, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: french polisher (Leichhardt, 1930; Five Dock, 1943-1949); no occupation (Five Dock, 1954); french polisher (Yagoona, 1954-1968); polisher (Yagoona, 1972-1977)
* [[/Horace Benjamin Wilson|Wilson, Horace Benjamin &quot;Ben&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-71R] - 1911(WA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5WB Adelaide (Wayville, 1930-1937; Unley Park, 1938-1939); 2BP Sydney (McMahons Point, 1946-1948; West Ryde, 1950-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 586, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 161, 1934; 2COCP 33, 1935; 1COCP 72, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Unley Park, 1939); recording engineer (McMahons Point, 1949); business manager (West Ryde, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Gratton Wilson|Wilson, Leonard Gratton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQN8-3K6] - 1901(NSW)-1990(WA) - Licences: 6LG Perth (Inglewood, 1928; South Perth, 1930-1931; Como, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 429, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: vigneron (Caversham, 1925); police constable (South Perth, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); constable (Albany, 1943-1949); police constable (Como, 1954-1958)
* [[/Leslie Maclean Wilson|Wilson, Leslie Maclean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRH5-9TL] - 1893(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2LM  Marsden (1924-1926), 2LM Sydney (Cremorne, 1927), 2LM Mudgee (1928-1939), 2LM Port Macquarie (1960-1969+), amateur operator (AOCP 33, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, pastoralist
* [[/Perry Allen Wilson|Wilson, Perry Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AT Receive Eumundi (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motordriver (Eumundi, Qld, 1925-1934); garage proprietor (Eumundi, Qld, 1936-1943)
* [[/Victor John Wilson|Wilson, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-NPY] - 1909(Qld)-2009(Qld)99yo - Licences: Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923); 4VW Brisbane (Newstead, 1937-1939); 4VW Nambour (1960); 4VW Brisbane (Everton Park, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1100, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Newstead, Qld, 1931-1937; Nambour, Qld, 1958; Everton Park, Qld, 1963-1980) 
* [[/Warne Alfred George Wilson|Wilson, Warne Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKLN-Y39] - 1900(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3RY Receive Ballarat (1923); 3RY Ballarat (1924-1925); 3WA Ballarat (1928-1939, 1946-1960); 3KV Ballarat (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 444, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 20, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1924); radio engineer (Ballarat, 1927-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Elvyn Wilson|Wilson, Wilfred Elvyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-MB4] - 1880(Eng)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JI Receive Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1923); 2JI Sydney (Roseville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Roseville, 1930-1963)

===''WING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James John Wing|Wing, William James John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDHH-WKW] - 1887(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 188, 1916; 2COCP 142, 1930; 1COCP 212, 1931 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (CPO, 1917-1918); AWA - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hotel Metropole, Thursday Island, Qld, 1914); wireless engineer operator (Radio Station, Applecross, WA, 1917); radiotelegraphist (Cooktown, 1921); business manager (Epping, 1930); sales manager (Epping, 1933-1936; Roseville, 1937; Chatswood, 1943-1949); manager (Melbourne, 1954)
===''WINTERFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton Winterford|Winterford, Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3ML-FJH] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Canada?) - Licences: 4MF Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1931); 4MF Southport (1933); 4MF Sarina (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 363, 1927, No. 40 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Annerley, 1931); mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); electrician (Sarina, 1943); electrical contractor (Broadbeach, 1949)

===''WISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Wise|Wise, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDS-D87] - 1853(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - politician (Postmaster-General, 1920-1921) - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Sale, 1905-1949) - Links: [[w:George Wise (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
===''WISEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Cleave Wiseman|Wiseman, William James Cleave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2M-ZP8] - 1906(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5WJ Port Lincoln (1931-1939); 5WJ Ceduna (1947-1948); 5WJ Adelaide (Parafield, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 759, 1931, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 485, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Port Lincoln, SA, 1939-1941); aeradio operator (Ceduna, SA, 1943)

===''WISHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Turner Wishart|Wishart, William Turner &quot;Bill, Billy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ3-J9S] - 1900(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4WT Brisbane (Graceville, 1931-1939); 6TW Perth (Claremont/Floreat Park, 1946-1948); 4WX Brisbane (St Lucia, 1965-1969; Margate 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 870, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, federal councillor) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Red Hill, Qld, 1921); optical mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1925; Graceville, Qld, 1928-1937); audiometrist (Floreat Park, WA, 1949; Darlington, WA, 1949); retired (Wynnum North, Qld, 1972; Margate, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''WITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Herbert Witt|Witt, Sidney Herbert &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-BDV] - 1892(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3MZ Receive Melbourne (Camberwell, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1914-1916); electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1922); engineer (Brighton, 1925-1943; Glen Iris, 1958-1968; Burwood, 1972)) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/witt-sidney-herbert-12059 ADB]

===''WOLFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hamilton Bennett Wolfe|Wolfe, Hamilton Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H2-8K6] - 1886(Vic)-1956(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 193, 1916; 2COCP 242, 1930; 1COCP 213, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bairnsdale, Vic, 1908-1912); wireless telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925-1926); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1936-1949); retired (Nedlands, WA, 1954)

===''WOLFENDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Wolfenden|Wolfenden, Peter]] - 3ZPA Strathmore (1965) - amateur operator, historian (amateur, amateur broadcasting), journalist (WIA's &quot;Amateur Radio&quot;)

===''WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Wood|Wood, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M8-2V1] - 1909(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RQ Ipswich (1927-1931); 4PW Ipswich (1933-1939); 2EPW Banora Point - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 359, 1927, No. 39 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN, AR); engineer (IREE) - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Ipswich, 1931); radio dealer (Ipswich, 1937-1949; East Ipswich, 1954-1968); electrical dealer (Banora Point, 1977-1980)
===''WOODLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Woodley|Woodley, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-CYY] - 1909(???)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6BY Perth (West Leederville, 1930-1931); 6DJ Perth (Carlisle, 1946-1948; Victoria Park, 1954-1956; Maniana, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 680, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Claremont, 1936-1937); mechanic (Victoria Park, 1943); radio mechanic (Carlisle, 1949; Victoria Park, 1954; Maniana, 1963-1980) - Callsign possibly withdrawn for commercial

===''WOOKEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Bruce Wookey|Wookey, Robert Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DP1-GVW] - 1907(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Receive Geelong (1923-1924), 3RW Geelong (1925-1927), 3IC Geelong (1948-1974), amateur operator (AOCP 146, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk

===''WOOLACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Prosser Woolacott|Woolacott, Francis Prosser &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFL-94T] - 1903(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2ST Receive Sydney (Drummoyne, 1923-1924), 2FW Sydney (Drummoyne, 1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 119, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WOOLLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edgar Woollett|Woollett, David Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-HDP] - 1920(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2ZDE Sydney (Beverley Hills, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 202, 1956; AOCP 4292, 1965, NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone technician (Beverley Hills, 1949-1972; Narwee, 1977-1980)
* [[/N. Woollett|Woollett, N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Mosman, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 276, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ?
===''WOOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Ronald Woolley|Woolley, Leon Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L214-JQH] - 1898(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4FW Ipswich (1931); 4FW Townsville (1933); 4FW Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 751, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, ATC); employment (school teacher) - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Bell, Qld, 1919-1921; Newtown, Qld, 1925; Kia Ora, Townsville, 1931; Newtown, Qld 1934-1963)

===''WOOLNOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Stephen Woolnough|Woolnough, Archibald Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CG-9PK] - 1909(Vic)-2004(Vic) - Licences: 3BW Portarlington (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 519, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: business proprietor (Portarlington, 1931-1980) 
* [[/Walter Lyell Woolnough|Woolnough, Walter Lyell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CJF-LS3] - 1906(NSW)-1999(NSW) - 2GW Sydney (Killara, 1925-1927; Gordon, 1928-1930; Greenwich, 1931; Gordon, 1933-1936), 2GW Lithgow (1937-1939), Sydney (Gordon, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 153, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, licence held by father Walter George Woolnough till 1933, engineer

===''WOOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Meredith Wooster|Wooster, Horace Meredith &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Q-CGW] - 1909(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4VH Townsville (City, 1930-1939; Belgian Gardens, 1946-1948); 4VH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 623, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (Qld Railways, telegraphist; Qld Main Roads Dept); military (Army signals officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1931-1932; Norman Park, 1937; Townsville, 1943-1949; Yeronga, 1954-1980)

===''WORRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Albert Worrall|Worrall, Leonard Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTL5-L1L] - 1912(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 2XM Sydney (Parramatta, 1933-1934; Punchbowl, 1935-1936); 4XM Cairns (1937-1939); 4WL Brisbane (Stafford Heights, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1221, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Punchbowl, NSW, 1934-1936; Cairns, Qld, 1937); bank clerk (Wynnum, Qld, 1943); clerk (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954-1963); bank manager (Tarragindi, Qld, 1968); manager (Stafford Heights, Qld, 1972-1977)
===''WORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Worth|Worth, Sydney or Sidney Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBH-5Z3] - 1905(WA)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6SW Perth (Rivervale, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 958, 1927; 2COCP 223, 1930; 1COCP 226, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rivervale, WA, 1931); wireless operator (Nedlands, WA, 1936-1958)

===''WRAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward James Crawford Wraith|Wraith, Edward James Crawford &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KV2C-11D] - 1862(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Early wireless experimenter

===''WRATTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn James Wratten|Wratten, Mervyn James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-DV8] - 1918(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4MW Ipswich (Brassall, 1937-1939; North Ipswich, 1946-1947; Brassall, 1948-1980+); 4LX Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1956-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1932, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Ipswich ARC); military (WW2, CMF, AIF); employment (Cribb &amp; Foote, manager, radio section); business proprietor (Avon Theatre) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Brassall, Qld, 1943-1977; North Ipswich, Qld, 1980)

===''WRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Milroy Percy Wray|Wray, Ronald Milroy Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-QYM] - 1909(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2WX Sydney (Hurstville, 1929-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 472, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified
===''WREFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roger Norman Wreford|Wreford, Roger Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-N2X] - 1909(WA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 2ADC Broken Hill (1936-1937); 5RW Adelaide (Blackwood, 1938-1939; Mitcham, 1947-1954; South Brighton, 1955-1960; Crafers, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1714, 1936, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5DW-6IW Arthur Franklin Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Broken Hill, NSW, 1935-1936; Blackwood, SA, 1939; Mitcham, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Arthur Franklin Wreford|Wreford, Arthur Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3V1-92S] - 1898(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5DW Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1937-1939; Cumberland, 1947-1954); 6IW Perth (Armadale, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2037, 1937, SA; 2COCP 452, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Brother of 2ADC-5RW Roger Norman Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Kensington Gardens, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941; Cumberland, SA, 1943); civil servant (Gosnells, WA, 1954); technician (Armadale, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au/browse/person/133040 NAA]

===''WRIEDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Sjoberg Albert Wriede|Wriede, George Sjoberg Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKG2-VK8] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4DJ Receive Caboolture (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Cooroy, 1921; Miriam Vale, 1925-1958); retired (Gladstone, 1963)
===''WRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Wright|Wright, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SS Receive Scarborough (1923); 2SS Scarborough (1924-1925); 2SS Coledale (1926-1933); 2SS Coolah (1933); 2SE Scarborough (1935-1936); 2SE Louth/Bourke (1937-1938); 2SE Walgett (1939); 2SE Willow Tree (1946); 2SE Stanmore (1947-1950); 2SE Sydney (Guildford, 1954-1961); 2SE Quirindi (1965) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 118, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous Albert Edward Wrights in NSW, needs specific data to identify - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/A. W. H. Wright|Wright, A. W. H. &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 5BW Adelaide, 3AAW, 4TU Garbutt (-1950+, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Collis Page Wright|Wright, Collis Page]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1P-P9L] - 1912(Tas)-2004(Tas) - Licences: 7LZ Launceston (1933-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1099, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Launceston, 1936-1937); salesman (Launceston, 1943); draper (Launceston, 1949-1968)
* [[/Eric John Wright|Wright, Eric John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-P2G] - 1904(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Brisbane (Annerley, 1936-1939; Windsor, 1947; Buranda, 1948; Annerley, 1954; Buranda, 1955-1956; Ekibin, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1816, 1936, Qld; 3COCP 1471, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Annerley, Qld, 1937-1943; Annerley, Qld, 1949); waterside worker (Ekibin, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Frederick Harold Wright|Wright, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF95-LW1] - 1910(Eng)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6FR Perth (Buckland Hill, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, 1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1809, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Buckland Hill, WA, 1936; Mosman Park, WA, 1943-1963) 
* [[/William Henry Hilsdon Wright|Wright, William Henry Hilsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVF-RKL] - 1905(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4FA Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Murrays Creek, 1930; Ballandean, 1937-1949); teacher (Toowoomba, 1954-1963)

===''WYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Agar Wynne|Wynne, Agar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-6CN] - 1850(Eng)-1934(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1913-1914)
* [[/Alfred Percy Wynne|Wynne, Alfred Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L858-Q52] - 1885(Qld)-1966(Qld) - proprietor music business (Wynne's Music, Maryborough), proprietor broadcasting station (4MB Maryborough) - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Paddington, 1908; Mooloolah, 1909); commercial traveller (Mooloolah, 1912); piano tuner (Maryborough, 1913); salesman (Brisbane, 1916-1917; Mooloolah, 1919; Maryborough, 1919-1925); music store proprietor (Maryborough, 1928-1949); business manager (Maryborough, 1963)

=='''X'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;

=='''Y'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''YATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Gordon Yates|Yates, Kenneth Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-CJ3] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (Cottonville, 1939, 1947-1954; Westbourne Park, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2371, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Cottonville, SA, 1939-1943) 
* [[/Reginald Colin Yates|Yates, Reginald Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-QX6] - 1914(SA)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 5RY Wyalla (1935-1937); 2AGZ Wollongong (1938-1939, 1947); 2AGZ Sydney (Mosman, 1948-1950); 2AGZ Broken Hill (1954-1957); 2AGZ Newcastle (Hamilton, 1958-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1474, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1943); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949); engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1954); chartered electrical engineer (Merewether, NSW, 1958); professional engineer (Charlestown, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''YEATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Melville Yeates|Yeates, Henry Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G698-PXG] - 1912(Tas)-1980(???) - Licences: 7HY Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1621, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical contractor (Launceston, 1949-1954); salesman (Mosman, NSW, 1958-1977)

===''YORSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Sutherland Yorston|Yorston, Ernest Sutherland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY8-46D] - 1909(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3ES Melbourne (Caulfield, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 299, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1931-1937); sales (Caulfield, 1942; Elsternwick, 1949); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1954-1963); director (Oakleigh, 1967-1968)
===''YOUNG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Harold Young|Young, Ivan Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L118-BVF] - 1910(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4YG Brisbane (Albion) (1930-1939); 4YH Brisbane (Mitchelton) (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 708, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 315, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio technician (Mission Control Station, Thursday Island) - Electoral Rolls: nil (Albion, 1931-1937); public servant (Newmarket, 1943; Mitchelton, 1949-1980)
* [[/James Wolstenholme Young|Young, James Wolstenholme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TQ-Z2R] - 1909(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2JY Sydney (Turramurra, 1925-1934; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2JY Katoomba (1946); 2JY Sydney (Mona Vale, 1947-1948; Willoughby, 1950-1961; Middle Cove, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 189, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: articled clerk (Turramurra, 1932-1934), solicitor (Roseville, 1937; Katoomba, 1943; Willoughby, 1954-1977)
* [[/John William Young|Young, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6RN-2XX] - 1906(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4JY Brisbane (Rosalie, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Rosalie, 1938; Coorparoo, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 752, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Rosalie, 1931); clerk (Sandgate, 1936); storeman (Rosalie, 1937; Coorparoo, 1943-1963); commercial traveller (Coorparoo, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Anderson Young|Young, William Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89P-B3K] - 1897(Sct)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (West End, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 330, 1927, No. 34 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boot employee (West End, 1925-1937); bootmaker (Ashgrove, 1943-1954)

=='''Z'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ZECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Zech|Zech, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-YJG] - 1893(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XABQ Sydney (Annandale, 1912-1914), 2DL Sydney (Annandale, 1922, Receive), 2WZ Sydney (Annandale, 1925-1927; Ashfield, 1928-1930; Stanmore, 1933-1934), 2ACP Sydney (Enmore, 1937; Como, 1938), 2ACP Katoomba 1939 &amp; 1946-1975) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 424; no record of AOCP - early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>rj4as3uk0wpf5ms9us6kdacdwz6jvze</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088366</id>
      <parentid>4088361</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:47:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Samuel.dellit</username>
        <id>1387936</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* DEVITT */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1267142" xml:space="preserve">{{incomplete}}
{{WikipediaCredit}}

{{CompactTOC8|side=yes}}

Thumbnail Radio Biographies sorted alphabetically by surname

'''Many of the stars of Australia's Radio Universe'''

'''Covering the full gamut from hypergiants to brown dwarfs'''

'''Each lit the way forward to broadcasting in Australia'''

=='''A'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ABBISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Frederick Abbiss|Abbiss, John Edwin Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZJ-6H9] - 1907(Eng)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Balmoral, 1930; Morningside, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 581, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Evans Deakin shipyards) - Halcyon: p. 83, Abiss - Electoral Rolls: engineering draftsman (Morningside, 1936); draftsman (Coorparoo, 1937; Morningside, 1949-1977) 
===''ABBOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Nicholson Abbott|Abbott, Reginald Nicholson or Nicolson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FTG] - 1897(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3VR Melbourne (Alphington, 1923-1927); 3ABB Melbourne (Caulfield, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 273, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Alphinton, 1925-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949); technician (Caulfield, 1954-1977)
* [[/Roy Edgar Abbott|Abbott, Roy Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6MT-CZX] - 1902(NSW)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 2YK Dorrigo (1930-1931); 2YK Telegraph Point (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 668, 1921; AOCP, not yet identified; 2COCP 179, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Dorrigo, 1930; Telegraph Point, 1933-1937; Mittagong, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Thomas Kingsmill Abbott|Abbott, Thomas Kingsmill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHFH-4FH] - 1891(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 2TK Wingen (1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely military) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Graziers' Assoc NSW) - Comment: beware other contemporaneous TK Abbotts - Electoral Rolls: overseer (Muralla, 1913); grazier (Wollongong, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/209607 Obit]
===''ABRAHAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Abrahams|Abrahams, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G836-Y6P] - 1903(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3FA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6089, 1966 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (St Kilda, 1925-1931); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1935-1936; Malvern, 1943-1967; Toorak, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of Louis Henry Abrahams
* [[/Louis Henry Abrahams|Abrahams, Louis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GJ-GZP] - 1889(Vic)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1; director (Victorian Radio Interests Ltd); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: potter (Brunswick, 1909); tobacconist (South Yarra, 1912-1921); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1924-1926); burner (Brunswick, 1937-1942) - Relationships: brother of 3FA Frank Abrahams

===''ACKERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Adam Ackerman|Ackerman, Joseph Adam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZV-49L] - 1911(NSW)-1993(Qld) - Licences: 2ALG Sydney (Carlton, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2ALG Wentworthville (1950); 2ALG Sydney (Parramatta, 1954-1958; North Rocks, 1960-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2229, 1938, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Paddington, 1932; Annandale, 1933-1936; Kogarah, 1937-1943; Carlton, 1949); clerk (Parramatta, 1954-1958); senior supervisor (Wentworthville, 1963; Epping, 1968-1972); retired (Sans Souci, 1977; Hurstville, 1980)
===''ACKLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Daniel Ackling|Ackling, Harold Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD5F-8RK] - 1892(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2PX Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 612, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Randwick, 1913); machinist (Bankstown, 1930-1980)
===''ACKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Frederick Gloucester Ackland|Ackland, Stanley Frederick Gloucester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5PB-C2Y] - 1904(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Prospect, 1923); 5SF Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1931; Linden Park, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 21, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Burnside, 1939-1943)

===''ADAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Adams|Adams, Frank John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-29V] - 1880(Eng)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3XO Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3XO Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 155, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; manager - Electoral Rolls: motor garage proprietor (Brighton, 1913); garage proprietor (Elsternwick, 1919-1921; Brighton, 1922-1924); manager (Brighton, 1925-1954); nil (Brighton, 1963-1968)
* [[/Peter Harry Arthur Adams|Adams, Peter Harry Arthur &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3N-XMC] - 1909(NSW)-1984(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Sydney (Cremorne, 1923-1924); 2JX Sydney (Cremorne, 1927; Manly, 1929; Cremorne, 1930; Gordon, 1931; Woolahra, 1933; Epping, 1933; Cremorne, 1935-1936; Thornleigh, 1937; Waverton, 1938-1939; Denistone, 1946-1947; Avalon Beach, 1948-1950); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1954-1961); 2JX Sydney (Pymble, 1965-1969); 2JX Nambucca Heads (1975); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 380, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933); labourer (Epping, 1934); engineer (St Kilda, 1934); radio engineer (Thornleigh, 1937; Darlinghurst, 1943); engineer (Avalon Beach, 1949; Wentworth Falls, 1958); retired (Valla Beach, 1972-1977; Wentworth Falls, 1980)
===''ADAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Kenneth Adamson|Adamson, William Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MLXZ-HX5] - 1905(SA)-1982(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923-1924); 5WA Adelaide (Parkside, 1925-1927; Fullarton, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 135, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''AGNEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Gordon Carlisle Agnew|Agnew, Robert Gordon Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDKK-D8Y] - 1904(WA)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6RA Perth (Nedlands, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 721, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (North Perth, WA, 1925; Nedlands, WA, 1931-1972)

===''AKEROYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gordon Akeroyd|Akeroyd, Arthur Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F2-JXL] - 1890(Vic)-1948(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Meteorologist, Forecasting and Statistical Division, Victoria) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1915); meteorologist (Northcote, 1921-1937); civil servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/akeroyd-arthur-gordon-9321 ADB]

===''ALDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Oscar Edward Alder|Alder, Oscar Edward &quot;Ock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ2-D3P] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4JB Brisbane (Albion, 1928-1939, 1946-1948; Chermside, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 423, 1928, No. 47 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wool classer - Halcyon: p. 28, 84, 137 - Electoral Rolls: student (Albion, 1919); wool classer (Albion, 1925-1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); warehouse assistant (Chermside, 1949-1980)
===''ALDERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Zerbini Alderman|Alderman, Valentine Zerbini]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVL-F8N] - 1893(SA)-1919(SA) - Licences: XVC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALEXANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Talbot Meredith Alexander|Alexander, Talbot Meredith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1FJ-MZN] - 1888(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4TM Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1931-1933); 4TM Townsville (North Ward, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 315, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kew, Vic, 1912-1914); wireless instructor (Melbourne City, 1925-1926); superintendent wireless (Glenferrie, Vic, 1926-1927); sales representative (City, Brisbane, 1928); business manager (North Ward, Qld, 1936-1937); instructor (Paddington, Qld, 1943); commercial traveller (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949; New Farm, 1954-1958); retired (Moorooka, 1968-1977)

===''ALLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus John Allan|Allan, Angus John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2C-YWF] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5UL Adelaide (Ovingham, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2013, 1937, SA; 1COCP 458, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ovingham, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/John Allan|Allan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-PFG] - 1905(Sct)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Chermside, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1938, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous JAs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Mason Allard|Allard, George Mason]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HT-JMV] - 1866(Eng)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman of Directors (AWA); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Honours: knighted; K.B. - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Wahroonga, 1930-1937); accountant (Wahroonga, 1943-1949) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allard-sir-george-mason-4999 ADB]

===''ALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Allen|Allen, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69B-SGR] - 1902(Tas)-1969(Tas) - Licences: 7PA Hobart (New Town, 1933-1937; Moonah, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1171, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 7AL Thomas Arthur Allen - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (New Town, 1928-1936; Moonah, 1937-1954)
* [[/George Alexander Allen|Allen, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3H-DJK] - 1891(Sct)-1965(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 49, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Kenneth Douglas Allen|Allen, Kenneth Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N5-19J] - 1907(WA)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 2GX Sydney (West Ryde, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 648, 1930, NSW; 3COCP 4263, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Army, Royal Australian Engineers, Lieutenant, 1940) - Education: BSc (Syd Uni, 1933) - Electoral Rolls: student (West Ryde, 1930-1935); director (Woolwich, 1936-1937); soldier (Woolwich, 1943); engineer (Woolwich, 1963-1972; Hunters Hill, 1977; Gladesville, 1980)
* [[/Robert Kelvin Allen|Allen, Robert Kelvin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTK-TH9] - 1916(Qld)-1942(Indonesia) - Licences: 4PR Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1634, 1936, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 13 Squadron, Pilot Officer), (Halcyon, p. 177) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/allen-robert-kelvin-404945/]
* [[/Thomas Arthur Allen|Allen, Thomas Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SQ-9YN] - 1916(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7AL Hobart (New Town, 1936-1939, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne,1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1738, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 7PA Albert Edward Allen - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1943-1954); director (Lindisfarne, 1963-1972)
===''ALLINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Thirlmier John Allinson|Allinson, Lancelot Thirlmier John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L81B-F4P] - 1896(NSW)-1961(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 804, 1924 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radiotelegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Broome, WA, 1931; Como, WA, 1931; South Perth, WA, 1936-1943; Broome, WA, 1949-1954); telegraphist (Esperance, WA, 1958)
===''ALLSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Cottam Allsop|Allsop, Raymond Cottam &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJLT-SNJ] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XCA Sydney (Randwick, 1911-1914); 2YG Sydney (Randwick, 1924; Coogee 1924-1929; Roseville, 1930); 2AYG Sydney (Roseville, 1946-1947+); 2NA Sydney (Roseville, 1961); 2BL Sydney (Roseville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW); broadcaster (2BL, chief engineer); journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1920s); military (RAN Volunteer Reserve, Lieutenant; WW2 (RAN, Engineer Lieutenant); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 (obo Broadcasters Sydney Ltd; federal public servant (ABCB, member, 1953-1954) - Honours: Coronation Medal, 1937; OBE, 1971 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1930); engineer (Roseville, 1933; Gordon, 1937; Roseville, 1943); electronic engineer (Roseville, 1949); director (South Yarra, 1954); engineer (Roseville, 1958-1968) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allsop-raymond-cottam-ray-9344 ADB]; [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199001.pdf EA]
===''ALSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Russell Alsop|Alsop, John Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB3-WXQ] - 1906(Vic)-1973(Vic) - 3MI Melbourne (Kew, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 76, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''AMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Edgar Ames|Ames, Clement Edgar &quot;Clem&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDX-JF8] - 1889(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: XVG Adelaide (Torrensville, 1913-1914); 5AV Adelaide (Kent Town, 1923; Hindmarsh, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator 5WI (1925) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Allenby Gardens, 1939-43)

===''ANCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Leslie Finion Ancher|Ancher, Norman Leslie Finion or Tinian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-MCQ] - 1910(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 5NA Adelaide (Mile End, 1937-1939); 2NH Sydney (Lindfield, 1946-1947; Mosman, 1948-1954; Cremorne, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2057, 1937, SA; BOCP 476, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Chatswood, NSW, 1934); sound engineer (West Maitland, NSW, 1936); engineer (Mile End, SA, 1939; Rose Park, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949; Cremorne, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Cremorne, NSW, 1972); technical officer (Lane Cove, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''ANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Ronald Anderson|Anderson, Alexander Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-L6J] - 1914(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5GM Adelaide (Eastwood, 1936-1939, 1947; Payneham South, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1700, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Eastwood, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Andrew Oswald Anderson|Anderson, Andrew Oswald &quot;Oswald&quot;, &quot;Andy&quot;, &quot;A.O.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-Z8L] - 1885(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Mosman, 1913); manager (Rose Bay, 1930; Vaucluse, 1934-1935) - Links: [https://ozvta.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/anderson-oswald-1062017.pdf Bio]
* [[/Eric William Alfred Anderson|Anderson, Eric William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WX-744] - 1908(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3KH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1928-1931; Glen Iris, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 424, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); engineer (Camberwell, 1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1968; Burwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frederic Brian Anderson|Anderson, Frederic Brian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YN-TYJ] - 1918(Eng)-2008(SA)90yo - Licences: 5FA Tanunda (1934-1939); 5FA Waikerie (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1351, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tanunda, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/G. R. Anderson|Anderson, G. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Gilberton, 1923); 5GA Adelaide (Highgate, 1931-1933; Myrtle Bank, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Francis Anderson|Anderson, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JJ-WFL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JA Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3JA Nullawarre (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 661, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Warrnambool, 1936; Nullawarre, 1937-1980)- Comment: Several contemporaneous JFAs
* [[/Keith Sydney Anderson|Anderson, Keith Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-8J9] - 1911(WA)-1944(Vic) - Licences: 6KS Perth (North Perth, 1935); 6KS Mt Magnet (1937); 6KS Perth (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1487, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, 2nd/1st Infantry Battalion, Private) - Electoral rolls: bank officer (Mt Magnet, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/618137 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1691738 Roll of Honour]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10295040 AWM]
* [[/Maurice Bernard Anderson|Anderson, Maurice Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC3V-WL9] - 1908(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1923-1924); 5MA Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1925-1928); 3AMA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 103, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; fitter - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, Qld, 1931-1937)
* [[/Percy James Anderson|Anderson, Percy James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WN-6Y7] - 1908(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PA Melbourne (Westgarth, 1928-1933; West Preston, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PA Dooen (1965-1969); 3PA Geelong (Wallington, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 428, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Westgarth, 1934); engineer (Preston, 1936-1963); technician (Horsham, 1967-1968); retired (Wallington, 1972-1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3JR Christopher James Rainbow
* [[/Robert Arthur Crosbie Anderson|Anderson, Robert Arthur Crosbie &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VK-GZN] - 1908(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3WY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 691, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Camberwell, 1931-1949; Glen Iris, 1954-1967; Burwood, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''ANEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Anear|Anear, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XLK-9D6] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5LK Carrow (1929-1931); 9WZ Momote, Admiralty Islands (1954); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1955); 3AGF Melbourne (Laverton, 1960); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 556, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as Francis George Anear

===''ANGEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Benjamin Angel|Angel, Henry Benjamin &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWW-K4Y] - 1891(Eng)-1998(Qld, 106yo) - Licences: 4HA Brisbane (St Lucia, 1935-1939; Enoggera, 1946-1969; Lota, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1503, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW1, AIF Signals; WW2, AMF, Navy); business proprietor (radio service) - QSLs: Entire collection held by SLQ - Halcyon: p. 51, 60, 81, 163 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919; Toowong, Qld, 1919-1925); carrier (St Lucia, Qld, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Lota, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''ANSCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Arthur Anscombe|Anscombe, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TL-7LR] - 1888(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: turner &amp; fitter (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1913; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1914); mechanic (Albert Park, Vic, 1919); manager (Box Hill, Vic, 1927-1943)

===''ANTHONY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Henry Anthony|Anthony, Michael Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK3H-6B7] - 1894(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); telegraphist (Prahran, 1921-1924); clerk (Oakleigh, 1934); railway employee (Sandringham, Vic, 1936-1942); telegraphist (Sandringham, 1954-1963)
* [[/Reginald Major Anthony|Anthony, Reginald Major &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYN-YWG] - 1908(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5CM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1937; Medindie Gardens, 1938-1939; Prospect, 1946-1960; Somerton Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 324, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Wilfred Boykett Anthony - Electoral Rolls: Nil
* [[/Wilfred Boykett Anthony|Anthony, Wilfred Boykett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYJ-3HZ] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil identified - amateur receive operator, WW2 - Relationships: Brother of Reginald Major Anthony - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Netherby, 1939-1941)

===''APPERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Apperley|Apperley, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNQ-5XG] - 1887(NZ)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 704, 1922; 1COCP 237, 1931 - NZ Gov. Telegraphs pre 1910; British Colonial Gov, 1910-1912; AWA (from 1913; Chief Marconi Wireless School 1914-1916; Works Manager 1916-1919; technical superintendent 1919-1923; OIC Beam Wireless 1924; Traffic Manager, Beam Wireless - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1922); manager (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, Vic, 1931-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1943); engineer (Manly, NSW, 1954)

===''ARCHIBALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Wilson Archibald|Archibald, Ian Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-9LC] - 1902(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2BJ Receive Tingha (1922); 2KU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1928-1939, 1946-1955; Sans Souci, 1956-1965; Noraville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 457, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 2393, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1933); engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1936-1954); chemist (Sans Souci, 1958-1963); retired (Noraville, 1968)

===''ARGAET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stanislaus Argaet|Argaet, William Stanislaus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-8Z8] - 1894(NSW)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4KH Brisbane (Wynnum, 1931-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (Wynnum bus service) - Halcyon, p. 87, 127 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, 1925); bus proprietor (Wynnum, 1928-1949)

===''ARMATI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rex Gordon Armati|Armati, Rex Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2S42-XKH] - 1899(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4DB Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1921-1928); salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1936-1943); employment officer (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1954-1958; Kings Cross, 1963); shipping clerk (Surry Hills, 1968-1972)
===''ARMSTRONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Howard Armstrong|Armstrong, Edwin Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5ZX-354] - 1890(USA)-1954(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - USA inventor of the superheterodyne receiver [https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Club-of-America/Legacies-of-Edwin-Howard-Armstong-1990-11-Radio-Club-of-America.pdf RCA 1990 Special Edition]
* [[/Stanley John Armstrong|Armstrong, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4V-K7Y] - 1910?(NSW)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4ZK Brisbane (Enoggera, 1932-1933); 4SA Brisbane (Enoggera, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1004, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Windsor, Qld, 1919); clerk (Enoggera, Qld, 1922-1968)
* [[/Thomas Armstrong|Armstrong, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Q-GGZ] - 1895(Sct)-1964(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 217, 1916; 1COCP 132, 1930 - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD) - senior federal public servant (Superintendent, Wireless Branch, NSW, PMGD), promoted to role upon retirement of William Tamillas Stephen Crawford

===''ARNOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Sydney Arnold|Arnold, Albert Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M2W-ZG2] - 1882(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: XAB Sydney (Ashfield, 1911-1914) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1913-1954); company secretary (Hurlstone Park, 1958); retired (Hurlstone Park, 1963)
* [[/Edwin Charles Arnold|Arnold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8QX-H7J] - 1898(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2BY Receive Tamworth (1922); 2BY Tamworth (1923-1925); 2BY Coolah (1925-1927); 2BY Sydney (Manly, 1928; Mona Vale, 1933-1936); 2AGW Sydney (Manly, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 226, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Mona Vale, 1931-1934), clerk (Balgowlah Heights, 1943-1968)
* [[/Ernest Noel Arnold|Arnold, Ernest Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84H-8J6] - 1907(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Albury (1923-1924); 2OJ Albury (1928-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 452, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albury, 1930-1937); fruit merchant (Albury, 1949-1977)
* [[/Joseph Leslie Grahame Arnold|Arnold, Joseph Leslie Grahame &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L853-R3J] - 1912(Vic)-1991(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Launceston (City, 1934-1939; Invermay, 1946-1956; Mowbray, 1960-1969; City, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1263, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: textile worker (Launceston North, 1936-1954); mechanic (Mowbray, 1968)

===''ARTHUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Glendon Arthur|Arthur, Charles James Glendon &quot;Glen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-T62] - 1915(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences 4GJ Dayboro (1935-1939); 4GJ Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1450, 1935, Qld; BOCP?; 2COCP 493, 1941; 1COCP 639, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 80 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wagga Wagga, 1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, 1949-1980)

===''ASHBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. W. C. Ashbury|Ashbury, A. W. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ASHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice John Ashby|Ashby, Maurice John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX49-L1C] - 1901(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4DH Receive Dalby (1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 899, 1925; 2COCP 94, 1930; 1COCP 281, 1932 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Dalby, 1922); labourer (Greenslopes, 1925); salesman (Glebe, 1933; Northbridge, 1935-1936; Epping, 1937); radio telegraphist (New Farm, Qld, 1943); planning assistant (Haberfield, NSW, 1943; Pennant Hills, NSW, 1949; Thornleigh, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Avalon Beach, NSW, 1968-1972)

===''ASHLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Richard Ashley|Ashley, George William Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF96-CMZ] - 1919(Eng)-1999(WA) - Licences: 6GA Perth (Carlisle, 1938-1939, 1947-1954); 6GA Kalgoorlie (1955-1956); 6GA Perth (Mt Yokine, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2094, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlisle, WA, 1943-1949); communications officer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1958); clerk (Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''ASHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Robert Ashlin|Ashlin, Eric Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSRF-44C] - 1910(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4EA Brisbane (Annerley, 1931-1933); 4EA Toowoomba (1937-1939); 4EA Coolangatta (1946-1947); 4EA Bilinga (1948-1975) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 873, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Rosentengels, radio service); military (WW2; signals officer) - Halcyon: p. 73, 127, 163 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1943; Bilinga, Qld, 1949-1963); TV technician (Bilinga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''ASMUSSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Asmussen|Asmussen, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - Licences: 4ZJA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1965); 4FA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980+) - amateur operator, JOTA participant 1960s

===''ATHELSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. N. Athelstone|Athelstone, G. N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5NG Central Australia (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Joseph Atkins|Atkins, Kenneth Joseph &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCXH-NW7] - 1912(Eng)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (Semaphore, 1932-1939; Woodville Park, 1946-1948; Eden Hills, 1954; Blackwood Park, 1955-1960; Campbelltown, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 910, 1932, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 415, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Dept. Civil Aviation) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Semaphore, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)
* [[/Leslie Morton Atkins|Atkins, Leslie Morton &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCTV-T5T] - 1876(Vic)-1949(WA) - Licences: 4LA Townsville (1924-1926); 5LA Adelaide (Magill, 1926-1931; Tusmore, 1933; Erindale, 1937-1939); seems to have operated in Townsville as 4GD ca Nov 1924? - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (telegraphist, east-west overland telegraph, Eucla, 1910); engineer (PMGD, divisional engineer) - Halcyon: AOCP Townsville 1925, p. 88 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Eucla, 1903-1910; Victoria Park, 1912-1916); district engineer (Townsville, 1919-1925); engineer (Tusmore, 1939); retired (Lismore Base Hospital, NSW, 1943)

===''ATKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Marshall Atkinson|Atkinson, John Marshall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89L-C6R] - 1906(Eng)-1999(ACT) - Licences: 2RZ Sydney (Mosman, 1927-1930; Carrs Park, 1931-1936; Glebe, 1937; Chippendale, 1938-1939); 4RZ Labrador (1955); 4RZ Gatton (1956-1960); 4RZ Southport (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 331, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); organiser (Darlinghurst, 1943); shopkeeper (Gatton, 1958-1963; Labrador, 1968); retired (Southport, 1972-1980)
* [[/Noel Whittaker Atkinson|Atkinson, Noel Whittaker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2XX-V88] - 1908(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4WK  Brisbane (1929), 4NA Brisbane (1930-1935, Check), 4BT Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1946-1965+) - Qualifications: AOCP 530, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, business proprietor (radio sales &amp; service), federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: - radio mechanic (Camp Hill, 1937-1977) - (Halcyon, p. 102)
* [[/Reginald Aubrey Atkinson|Atkinson, Reginald Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V5M-WJC] - 1895(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4RA Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1928-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 412, 1928, No. 46 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1919); accountant (Rosewood, 1925); timber merchant (Yeronga, 1925; Thompson Estate, 1937-1949; Southport, 1958-1963)
* [[/Robert Henry Atkinson|Atkinson, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-2P3] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WZ Perth (Victoria Park, 1936-1939); 6WZ Geraldton (1947-1955); 6WZ Albany (1956-1965); 6WZ Katanning (1969); 6WZ Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1804, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Victoria Park, WA, 1936-1937); radio announcer (Geraldton, WA, 1943); broadcast station manager (Geraldton, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Albany, WA, 1958-1968); radio announcer (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''AUGUSTESEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Gerald Augustesen|Augustesen, Gordon Gerald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-LF9] - 1915(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4JN Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1932-1939); 4XQ Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1947-1948; Oakleigh, 1954-1960; Kenmore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1046, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, radar technician); business proprietor (Telair) - Halcyon: p. 85, 127 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mitchelton, Qld, 1943); manager (Auchenflower, Qld, 1949; Dorrington, Qld, 1954-1963; Kenmore, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''AUSTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emanuel Maxwell Austin|Austin, Emanuel Maxwell &quot;Mannie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-98K] - 1909(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2KZ Kurri Kurri (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 477, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clipper (Kurri Kurri, 1930-1980)
* [[/Henry Lashbrooke Austin|Austin, Henry Lashbrooke &quot;Hal&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4V2-LDC] - 1902(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BN Adelaide (Norwood, 1923-1928); 5AW Adelaide (Rose Park, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 101, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Victoria Park, SA, 1939; Rose Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Selwood Charles Austin|Austin, Selwood Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TVV] - 1902(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6SA Perth (Victoria Park, 1927; South Perth, 1930-1956; Maida Vale, 1960-1969; Morley, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 625, 1921; 1COCP 134, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother-in-law of Stanley Hogg - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Perth, WA, 1931-1958); police officer (Maida Vale, WA, 1963-1968; Kalamunda, WA, 1972); retired (Morley, WA, 1977-1980)

===''AVARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Avard|Avard, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-RRL] - 1901(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 620, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 88, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Northcote, 1925-1937); public servant (Kew, 1943-1977)

=='''B'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''BACKLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lincoln Backler|Backler, Eric Lincoln]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV8Q-6SK] - 1911(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5HK Kingston SE (1933-1939, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1093, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Kingston, SA, 1939)

===''BADENOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Herbert Lionel Badenoch|Badenoch, James Herbert Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-3XK] - 1913(NSW)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5LB Adelaide (Trinity Gardens, 1932-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1012, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BADER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Adolphus Frederick Bader|Bader, Henry Adolphus Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97M3-V5X] - 1866(Ger)-1928(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman, Trading Committee, Wireless Development Assoc (Perth); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WDA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (North Perth, 1913-1926)

===''BADGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Victor Badger|Badger, Albert Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9RY-9X6] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - 2YT Receive Sydney (Rozelle, 1923-1924), 2AB Sydney (Rozelle, 1925-1926; North Sydney, 1927-1929; Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1931-1934; Leichhardt, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 202, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator (Hobart East, 1919); picture operator (Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1934; Lilyfield, 1937-1972; Leichhardt, 1977-1980))
===''BAGST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. D. A. Bagst|Bagst, E. D. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5EB Adelaide (Woodville, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: individual not yet identified, possibly Elizabeth D. Bagst nee Boyle who married Leslie Bagst at Newtown, NSW 1925, possible YL operator

===''BAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leonard Bain|Bain, John Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4V-6SV] - 1891(Eng)-19??(NSW?) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 109, 1915 - ship wireless officer (pre WW1, WW1); journalist (technical editor, Listener-In, -1934+); clubs (IRE USA); WW1 (1916-1919); Associate Editor, Popular Radio Weekly (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Popular Radio Weekly, Victoria) - Education: B.Sc.(London) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1925-1936); journalist (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1937) - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10688424 AWM]
===''BAILEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bailey|Bailey, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKW-8PX] - 1882(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5GB Mt Gambier (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 79, 1915 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retired (Mt Gambier, 1939-1943)
* [[/Jack Harry Bailey|Bailey, Jack Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KG85-LZ4] - 1912(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4JC Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1299, 1934, Qld; BOCP 1902, 1961 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); electrical mechanic (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1954); teacher (Tarragindi, Qld, 1958-1963); college principal (Mackay, Qld, 1968); principal (Bundaberg, Qld, 1972; Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Howard Bailey|Bailey, Robert Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLM-1X6] - 1917(SA)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5NW Crystal Brook (1936-1939); 5NW Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1948; Huddleston, 1954-1960); 5NW Crystal Brook (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1764, 1936, SA; BOCP 673, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BAIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Allan Baird|Baird, Thomas William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKG-JVD] - 1886(Qld)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Receive Brisbane (Bayswater, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (AIF, 11 Field Company Engineers, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: gardener (North Pine, Qld, 1908); labourer (Bayswater, Qld, 1912-1913); storeman (Torwood, Qld, 1916-1943)

===''BAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Claude Baker|Baker, Andrew Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TG-RZ9] - 1897(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 144, 1915; 2COCP 193, 1930; 1COCP 303, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917; Rockhampton, 1919-1934)
* [[/Charles Whiteway Baker|Baker, Charles Whiteway]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL93-HYP] - 1905(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3VP Receive Bendigo (1923-1924); 3VP Bendigo (1925-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 156, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 451, 1942 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a &quot;listener&quot;); merchant - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bendigo, 1927-1931); merchant (Bendigo, 1934-1968; Kennington, 1972-1977)
* [[/Ernest James Baker|Baker, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-K5B] - 1904(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2FP Receive Newcastle (Maryville, 1922-1923); 2FP Newcastle (Maryville, 1924-1928; Wickham, 1929; Hamilton, 1930-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 69, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hamilton, 1930-1972)
* [[/Edwin Weldon Baker|Baker, Edwin Weldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWP-F1D] - 1895(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4CI Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 733, 1922 - amateur receiver - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: joiner (Northgate, 1919-1977)
* [[/John Frederick Thomas Baker|Baker, John Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY6-8XY] - 1908(???)-1977(Vic) - 3LF Melbourne (Northcote, 1927+), qualifications (AOCP 325, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, 
* [[/Herbert Edward Baker|Baker, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-245] - 1875(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Charleville (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; grazier - Halcyon: p. 81, 111 - Electoral Rolls: station manager (Charleville, 1903); grazier (Charleville, 1908-1943)
* [[/Sidney Charles Baker|Baker, Sydney or Sidney Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZSZ-J4H] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Receive Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1922-1924), 3BK Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1925-1933; Albert Park, 1937; South Melbourne, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Bonbeach, 1955-1969; Seaford, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 177, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (South Melbourne, 1937); optical mechanic (Carrum, 1963-1972); retired (Carrum, 1977)
* [[/Walter Ross Baker|Baker, Walter Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CY-D78] - 1905(SA)-1978(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)

===''BALDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Loris John Balderson|Balderson, Loris John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMVR-1RW] - 1895(Vic)-1932(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; RAAF (Flying Officer, Technical Branch, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: officer, RAAF (Footscray, 1924); flying officer (Werribee, 1925); flight-lieutenant (Werribee, 1931) - Links: [https://www.crossandcockade.com/uploads/Balderson.pdf Bio]
===''BALSILLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Graeme Balsillie|Balsillie, John Graeme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7MR-7MN] - 1885(Qld)-1924(USA) - radio business proprietor, senior federal public servant (PMGS, Commonwealth Wireless Expert), inventor, (Halcyon, not mentioned) - [https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/balsillie-john-graeme-5117 ADB]

===''BAMFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Bamfield|Bamfield, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM19-HNG] - 1892(NSW)-1918(NZL) - Licences: XQJ Corfield (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Halcyon: p. 3 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Muttaburra, Qld, 1913)

===''BANCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John Bancroft|Bancroft, Stanley John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Broadcast technician (2CY), federal public servant (PMGD, ABC)
===''BANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Edward William Banks|Banks, Harold Edward William &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S7-3BT] - 1911(NZL)-2000(Tas) - Licences: 7HB Hobart (North Hobart, 1938-1939; Richmond, 1946-1956; Penna, 1960-1965; New Town, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (New Zealand?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hobart North, 1936-1937); council clerk (Richmond, 1943-1954)
===''BANYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ingram Banyer|Banyer, Ingram]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9F95-CYX] - 1893(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: XVQ Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Blackwood, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BARBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel George Barber|Barber, Samuel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-66B] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5MV Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1933-1937; Woodville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1232, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Woodville, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM, Berri, SA, 1941; Glenelg, SA, 1943)
* [[/William Henry Barber|Barber, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY4N-QRD] - 1897(SA)-1965(WA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cumberland, 1923-1925); 5WH Adelaide (Cumberland, 1926-1931); 5WH Port Pirie (1933-1937); 6DX Kalgoorlie (1938-1939; 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 266, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1937-1963)
===''BARBIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alphonse Barbier|Barbier, Edward Alphonse or Alphonse Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-5TW] - 1904(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: 5MD Adelaide (Stockdale Reserve, 1932-1939; City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 958, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARBOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Heyward Barbour|Barbour, Kenneth Heyward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-1VZ] - 1905(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3ZI Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: AOCP 105, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARDIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Frederic Bardin|Bardin, William Frederic or Frederick &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;Old Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSS9-TG4] - 1899(Eng)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (North Carlton, 1923-1925); 4AB Townsville (1925-1927); 4AB Brisbane (Fairfield &amp; Yeronga, 1931-1933); 2ABZ Sydney (Ermington &amp; Dundas  1937-1939, 1946-1961+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 615, 1921; 1COCP 58, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); coastal radio operator (AWA); state public servant (4QG); federal public servant (Halcyon, p. 63) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1922); radio engineer (Townsville, 1925; Buranda, 1926; Fairfield, 1928); engineer (Dundas, 1936-1943; Eastwood, 1949-1968)

===''BARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Morphew Barker|Barker, Rupert Morphew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGH-7LM] - 1890(Eng)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 5RM Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1933); 7RM Hobart (City, 1947-1948; Lenah Valley, 1949-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely qualified in England) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; broadcast engineer (sound) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Yarra, Vic, 1931-1936; Hobart North, Tas, 1937; Hobart South, Tas, 1943); sound engineer (Hobart West, Tas, 1949); engineer (Moonah, Tas, 1954; New Town, Tas, 1963)
* [[/William Henry Barker|Barker, William Henry (R.?)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHGY-243] - 1905(NSW)-1956(NSW) - licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Concord, 1923-1924); 2BW Sydney (Concord, 1925-1931), qualifications: AOCP 217, 1925, No. ?? in NSW, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: electrical mechanic (Concord, 1930-1943), beware several contemporaneous William Henry Barker

===''BARLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Kenneth Barlin|Barlin, George Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2VX-DP3] - 1916(NSW)-2016(ACT) - qualifications (BOCP 67, 1937), long term employee 2CA Canberra, manager TV network
===''BARLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Barlow|Barlow, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-2FL] - 1895(NSW)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 2GQ Receive Armidale (1922); 2GQ Armidale (1922-1926); 2GQ Glen Innes (1927); 2GQ Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1928); 2GQ Canberra (1929); 2GQ Mudgee (1930-1931); 2GQ Sydney (Cammeray, 1933-1934; North Sydney, 1935-1936; Mosman, 1937-1939 &amp; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4, 1924, No. 3 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - TroveTag: &quot;2GQ - Edward Barlow&quot; - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mudgee, 1930-1932; Cammeray, 1933-1935; Milsons Point, 1936; Mosman, 1937); divisional returning officer (Bathurst, 1943; Mosman, 1949-1958)

===''BARNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Walter Barnes|Barnes, Thomas Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z6-PZ2] - 1910(Vic)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 3TB Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1929-1933; Moonee Ponds, 1937-1939; West Brunswick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 537, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 243,1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ascot Vale, 1931-1936); mechanic (Moonee Ponds, 1937-1942); electrical maintenance (West Brunswick, 1949-1980) - beware another contemporaneous Thomas Walter Barnes (1893-1925)

===''BARRACLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Barraclough|Barraclough, Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KL-MNY] - 1903(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4GY Brisbane (Kedron, 1933-1935); 4GX Brisbane (Kedron, 1935-1939; 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1075, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2); radio service (Palings) - Halcyon: p. 81 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Kedron, 1937-1972)

===''BARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Barry|Barry, William Lawrence (BMD) or Lawrence William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MK6C-NBK] - 1905(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4FQ Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: storeman (South Brisbane, Qld, 1929); taxi driver (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''BARTHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Lewis Barthold|Barthold, Godfrey Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKR-JWZ] - 1899(Vic)-1993(Vic) - 3GL Melbourne (Malvern, 1925-1927), 3BT Melbourne (Malvern, 1931-1939; Glen Iris, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 210, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, clerk (Malvern, 1924-1931), radio manufacturer (Camberwell, 1937-1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1972), retired (Mt Martha, 1977-1980)

===''BARTHOLOMEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Bartholmew|Bartholomew, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CZ-8YR] - 1861(Eng)-1942(NSW) - Licences: XBM Sydney (Mosman, 1911-1914); 2FO Receive Sydney (Kirribilli, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; company director (AWA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Milsons Point, 1930-1937) - Comment: famously charged and convicted of trading with the enemy during WW1 but only slapped on wrist (together with Ernest Thomas Fisk and Hugh Robert Denison)
===''BARTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gustavus Campbell Barton|Barton, Edward Gustavus Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ57-87Y] - 1857(Vic)-1942(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, scientist, business proprietor (Barton &amp; White) - Halcyon: not mentioned) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-edward-gustavus-campbell-9445 ADB]
* [[/Graham Francis Barton|Barton, Graham Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5P-KYT] - 1918(SA)-2005(SA) - Licences: 5BN Mt Gambier (1937-1939); 5BN Adelaide (Unley, 1947-1956; Malvern, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1993, 1937, SA; 1COCP 1709, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hyde Park, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Richard McRae Barton|Barton, Richard McRae &quot;Dick&quot;]] - 1940(???)-2021(Qld) - broadcast engineer, director engineering FACTS (1981-2001), ABU Engineering Award 2004, Fellow SMPTE, contributed to development DTV standards, chaired preparatory meeting to WRC 2000,  [https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/0a/07/R0A070000420001PDFE.pdf ITU Tribute]

===''BARTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graeme Bartram|Bartram, Graeme]] - historian (early Aus wireless: 2011 &quot;John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer&quot;[https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf])

===''BASIL-COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Frank Basil-Cooke see Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;
===''BASSETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rankin Bassett|Bassett, Francis Rankin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQZJ-28Y] - 1906(NSW)-1982(NSW) - 2FR Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1928; Arncliffe, 1929), 2FR Singleton, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 194, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother John Bassett
* [[/John Bassett|Bassett, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8M2-8XN] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2VO Receive Stroud (1923), amateur operator (AOCP 232, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother Francis Rankin Bassett

===''BATCHLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Victor Batchler|Batchler, Charles Victor &quot;Victor&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4NN-FXJ] - 1897(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: XZJ Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: Uncle of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: shift engineer (Waddamana, 1922)
* [[/Jack Copeland Batchler|Batchler, Jack Copeland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCSK-D8F] - 1910(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1932-1939); 3AJB Melbourne (1947); 7JB Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1948-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 957, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: nephew of XZJ Charles Victor Batchler; husband of 7YL Joyce Isabel Batchler nee Crowder - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Nelson, 1943-1949); no occupation (Nelson, 1972)
* [[/Joyce Isabel Crowder|Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-PKG] - 1915(Tas)-2015(Tas) - Licences: 7YL Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 1627, 1936, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL - Relationships: Wife of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Nelson, 1943-1972) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''BATE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Bate|Bate, Arthur John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKQ-PYC] - 1917(WA)-2010(SA) - Licences: 5ZA Adelaide (Adelaide City, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1891, 1937, SA; BOCP 1481, 1956; 1COCP 2049, 1967 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lister Bates|Bates, Jack Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGK-238] - 1912(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4UR Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1935-1939, 1946-1947; Lutwyche, 1948-1969; Toombul, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1430, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio Club (WIAQ, QSL Manager); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; WW2 - Halcyon: p. 12, 99, 137, 141, 145 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1943); labourer (Lutwyche, Qld, 1949-1958; Wooloowin, Qld, 1968); cashier (Toombul, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''BATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Henry Batt|Batt, Cecil Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLJ-5SB] - 1904(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Bothwell (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 434, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Bothwell, 1928); labourer (Melton Mowbray, 1936-1937)
===''BATTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Thomas Battle|Battle, Edmund Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6C8-G32] - 1890(UK)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener) - Electoral Rolls: teamster (Dorrigo, 1913); dairy farmer (Malanda, 1919); sawmill manager (Tumoulin, 1931); sawmiller (Ravenshoe, 1936-1937); timber merchant (Paddington, 1943); sawmiller (Albion, 1949)
===''BATTYE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Sykes Battye|Battye, James Sykes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V7W-HL5] - 1871(Vic)-1954(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - librarian; historian; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, special committee, Western Australian Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: librarian (Perth, 1910-1937); principal librarian (Perth, 1943-1949) - Links: [[w:James Battye|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/battye-james-sykes-5156 ADB]
===''BATY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Baty|Baty, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-BZX] - 1913(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MH Adelaide (Brompton, 1931; Pennington, 1937; Challa Gardens, 1938-1939; Lockleys, 1954-1969; Henley Beach South, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 757, 1931, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 160, 1934; BOCP 242, 1939; 1COCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Franklin, SA, 1941-1943)

===''BAUER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Thomas Bauer|Bauer, Alfred Thomas &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MSCM-QB1] - 1908(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4AT Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1933) &amp; Cairns? - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 333, 1927, No. 36 in Qld; CPRTelephony 1119, 1928; 1COCP 92, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); state public servant (4QG); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 67, 86, 111, 127, 130 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cairns, 1936; Camp Hill, 1937); radio tech (Camp Hill, 1943-1980)

===''BAXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Baxter|Baxter, Sidney or Sydney Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWX9-XWV] - 1915(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FJ Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1935-1939; Coorparoo Heights, 1946-1947; Cribb Island, 1948-1950; Camp Hill, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1569, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); employment (Trittons, radio service); business proprietor (radio service) - Halcyon: p. 76, 137 - Electoral Rolls: truck driver (Camp Hill, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cribb Island, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BEAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Beames|Beames, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NQJ-L17] - 1899(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: N754 Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IB Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Five Dock, 1930-1958; Linden, 1963-1980)

===''BEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Percival Reed Bean|Bean, Leslie Percival Reed]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHWZ-6ZZ] - 1884(Vic)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925); 2LP Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1928; Artarmon, 1929-1936; Pymble, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD (Elec. Engineer, 1904-1919); L. P. R. Bean &amp; Co (founder 1920-1926); Stromberg-Carlson (founder, 1927-1933+); Council IREAust - Electoral Rolls: electrical instrument fitter (Ascot Vale, 1909); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1912-1915; Artarmon, NSW, 1930); company director (Pymble, 1933-1943; Roseville, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Lindfield, 1958-1968)
===''BEARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Gordon Beard|Beard, Ernest Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2G-25R] - 1897(Eng)-1968(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 304, 1939 - broadcast engineer (United Distributors; 2KY; 2GB); inventor; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as consulting engineer, 2GB) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northbridge, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Northbridge, 1936-1937); wireless engineer (Willoughby, 1943-1949); engineer (Forestville, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://www.radiomuseum.org/dsp_hersteller_detail.cfm?company_id=12500 radiomuseum.org]
* [[/Norman George Beard|Beard, Norman George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9G-GSZ] - 1902(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 3DR Receive Balnarring (1922-1923); 2PK Wentworthville (1930); 2ALJ Sydney (Prospect, 1939; Toongabbie, 1946-1954; Brookvale, 1955; Dee Why, 1956-1961); 2ALJ Terrigal (1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 583, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; TVOCP 25, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Pendle Hill, NSW, 1930; Balnarring, Vic, 1931; Prospect, NSW, 1933-1937); RAAF instructor (Ballarat, 1942); teacher (Toongabbie, 1949-1954; Brookvale, 1958); retired (Terrigal, 1963-1972; Wendouree, Vic, 1977; Caves Beach, 1980)
===''BEARUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Andrew Bearup|Bearup, Herbert Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLJ-B1C] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: V740 Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922); 3GT Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Malvern East, 1921-1924; Caulfield East, 1925-1928); farmer (Bentleigh, 1934-1949); engineer (Highett, 1963-1967; Moorabbin, 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Bearup|Bearup, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J7R-T9D] - 1897(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 224, 1916 - studio manager 3LO (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as studio manager, 3LO, Victoria); WW1 (merchant navy) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Caulfield, 1924); radio engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1931-1937); manager (Roseville, NSW, 1943)

===''BEATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Beatson|Beatson, Robert John &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSJV-2D2] - 1909(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4BB Brisbane (Wilston, 1928); 4BB Maryborough (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 394, 1928, No. 44 in Qld; AOLCP 173, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator (WIAQ); broadcast engineer (4MB); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 68, 139, 141, 163, 164 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maryborough, 1931); radiotrician (Maryborough, 1937-1949); radio engineer (Maryborough, 1954-1980)
===''BEATTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Spencer Meurant Beattie|Beattie, Herbert Spencer Meurant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ65-KTL] - 1888(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3DV Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3DV Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Box Hill, Vic, 1914-1927); salesman (Thornleigh, NSW, 1930); electrical engineer (Cheltenham, NSW, 1934-1936); agent (Cabramatta, 1943); auctioneer (Ettalong, 1943); no occupation (Fairfield, NSW, 1954-1958; Flagstaff, NSW, 1963)

===''BECHERVAISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philip Bechervaise|Bechervaise, William Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVNP-4HQ] - 1831(Eng)-1907(Vic) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), employment (Victoria Posts and Telegraphs Department)
===''BECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Beavis Beck|Beck, Alan Beavis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR7-N8Q] - 1911(Vic)-1982(WA) - Licences: 5XW Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 370, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Shenton Park, WA, 1937; Myrtle Bank, SA, 1941-1943); research chemist (Subiaco, 1949-1980)

===''BEDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, Robert Arthur Buddicom]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC5Q-1KX] - 1874(Eng)-1951(SA) - Licences: 5RB Kyancutta (1924-1939; 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kyancutta, 1939-1941); retired (Kyancutta, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/buddicom-robert-arthur-5417 ADB]
* [[/William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, William Rudolf Buddicom &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Y3-X4Z] - 1909(Eng)-1972(SA) - Licences: likely operator of 5RB Kyancutta - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 1893, 1954 - WW2 - Relationships: son of 5RB Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kyancutta, 1939-1943)

===''BEECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Sidney Beech|Beech, Frederick Sidney or Sydney &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-6BC] - 1895(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4FB Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1930-1939; Norman Park, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 629, 1930, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; jeweller - Halcyon: p. 75, 76, 90 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Bulimba, 1917-1919; Coorparoo, 1919-1972; Norman Park, 1977)
===''BEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Beer|Beer, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CW Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923); 2CW Sydney (Ashfield, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: too many JBs to identify reliably, likely James Charles Beer living 70 Tranmere St, Drummoyne, engineer, 1930

===''BEGBIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Begbie|Begbie, Richard]] - historian (broadcasting), journalist, radio clubs (HRSA)

===''BELJON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robin Ernest Beljon|Beljon, Robin Ernest &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-VR3] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2RB Lithgow (1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 259, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lithgow, 1930-1934); turner (Lithgow, 1937-1943); foreman (Lithgow, 1949-1968); retired (Lithgow, 1972)
===''BELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Wirgman Dillon Bell|Bell, Francis Wirgman Dillon &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7QW-CM4] - 1896(NZ)-1987(NZ) - ZL4AA Waihemo, amateur operator, first to 2 way QSO New Zealand to Australia (Apr 1923), South America, USA (Sep 1924), England (Oct 1924, G2SZ); WW1 (gunner, France &amp; Belgium till invalided 1917) - Relationships: brother of Margaret Brenda Bell, first licensed female NZ amateur - Links: [https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4b20/bell-francis-wirgman-dillon Bio]; [https://www.soundarchives.co.nz/collections/catalogue/catalogue-item?record_id=222015 Sound Archives]; [https://www.zl4aa.org.nz/frank-bell-trans-world-radio-contact/ NZART Otago]
* [[/H. G. Bell|Bell, H. G.]] - 19??-19?? - 4HG Brisbane (South Toowong = Taringa, 1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 321, 1927, No. 33 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 111 - Callsign: later to Harry Brown - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Leslie William Gordon Bell|Bell, Leslie William Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-RQ5] - 1904(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4CY Receive Atherton (1923); 4LZ Jubilee Pocket (1969-1975); 4LZ Airlie Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4471, 1967, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Danbulla via Atherton, 1925-1928); farmer (Jubilee Pocket via Proserpine, 1954-1980)
* [[/Victor Frank Bell|Bell, Victor Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-FZ7] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6KR Perth (Subiaco, 1932-1933); 6KR Kalgoorlie (1937-1939); 6KR Perth (Nedlands, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 907, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1936); postal assistant (Leonora, WA, 1937); radio engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1937); telephone mechanic (Lamington, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1954)
* [[/Vincent Stephanus Bell|Bell, Vincent Stephanus &quot;Vince&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-W8G] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4VD Rockhampton (Rockhampton City, 1936-1937; Wandal, 1938-1939, 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1496, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; employed electrical business - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1936); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, Qld, 1937-1980)

===''BELSTEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Lempriere Belstead|Belstead, Roy Lempriere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1GN-CQF] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4EI Townsville (1933-1939); 4RU Winton (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1182, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 304, 1940; 1COCP 420, 1940; TVOCP 87, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, Townsville ARC); state public servant (Qld Railways); broadcast technician (2KY); business proprietor (Belstead Electronic Repairs, Winton) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hyde Park, Qld, 1931-1937); radio technician (Dee Why, NSW, 1943; Auburn, NSW, 1949; Lidcombe, NSW, 1958-1963; Auburn, NSW, 1972); retired (Winton, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Bennett|Bennett, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNP-GFM] - 1889(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager 2GB Sydney; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 2GB, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Mosman, 1930-1931); director (Mosman, 1933; Vaucluse, 1936); inspector (Darling Point, 1943); investor (West Pennant Hills, 1949); retired (Vaucluse, 1954-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bennett-alfred-edward-5207 ADB]
* [[/Clarence Herbert Bennett|Bennett, Clarence Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK1H-GMF] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 449, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, 1909-1963); retired (Brunswick, 1968-1972)
===''BENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Francis Wattis Bent|Bent, Arthur Francis Wattis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVG-5V7] - 1902(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3AF Geelong (1924-1939, 1946-1960); 3AF Torquay (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 199, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio dealer (Geelong, 1931-1954) - Electoral Rolls: turner (14 Coronation St, Geelong West, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Geelong, 1928-1954); radio serviceman (Torquay, 1963-1980)
===''BENTLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Ernest Bentley|Bentley, Frank Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93F-NPZ] - 1902(India)-1973(SA) - Licences: 5MK Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1931-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 833, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BENTZEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Louis Bentzen|Bentzen, Ivan Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4X-6P4] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4SS Brisbane (Newstead, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 964, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Bulimba, Qld, 1929); mechanic (Valley, Qld, 1936); carpenter (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1949); garage proprietor (Lutwyche, Qld, 1954); carpenter (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BERGIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Thomas Bergin|Bergin, John Thomas &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGP-GNM] - 1911(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5JB Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1364, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Max Wulfing Bergin|Bergin, Max Wulfing]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXQ1-QLP] - 1900(NSW)-1983(Cook Isls) - Licences: 2YP Receive West Maitland (1923); 2YP West Maitland (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ingham Berry|Berry, Arthur Ingham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WB6-6F5] - 1914(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1954; East Malvern, 1955-1956); 3CZ Warburton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 595, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Hawthorn, 1936-1937); architect (Kew North, 1943-1954); farmer (Warburton, 1963-1977)
* [[/Harold Alexander Berry|Berry, Harold Alexander &quot;Huck&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G869-8R6] - 1906(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (City, 1923); Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5JU Adelaide (City, 1930-1931; Keswick, 1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Kilburn, 1946-1975)  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 666, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: polisher (Kilburn, 1943)
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Berry|Berry, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG2-X6J] - 1906(NSW)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5DB Adelaide (Norwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1315, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Robert Henry Berry|Berry, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G342-ZR6] - 18??(???)-1971(Qld) - Licences: XQC Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; electrical business proprietor - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Rockhampton, 1912-1925); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, 1928-1968)
* [[/William Clive Berry|Berry, William Clive &quot;Clive&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBT5-3L8] - 1912(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Knockrow via Bangalow (1931-1936); 2AGM Byron Bay (1938-1938, 1946-1955); 2AGM Lismore (1956-1957); 2AGM Mullumbimby (1958-1960); 2AGM Byron Bay (1961-1965) - Qualifications: AOLCP 30, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 302, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Knockrow, 1933-1936); woodworker (Byron Bay, 1943-1954); contractor (Ballina, 1958); no occupation (Mullumbimby, 1958); manager (Byron Bay, 1963)
* [[/William James Berry|Berry, William James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D1-B78] - 1890(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4WB Brisbane (Yeerongpilly, 1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1295, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; instrument repairer - Comment: Several contemporaneous William James Berry's in Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1958-1963); mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1972-1980) -

===''BERTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Louis Bertram|Bertram, William Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDBP-NGS] - 1901(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: V738 Receive Rushworth (1922); 3GR Receive Rushworth (1922); 2KR Sydney (Waverley, 1929) - Qualifications: CPRT 920, 1926; 2COCP 97, 1930; 1COCP 34, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Rushworth, 1922; Brunswick, 1924-1928); telegraphist (Brunswick, 1931-1942); telephonist (Brunswick, 1949-1963); retired (Frankston, 1967-1980)
===''BESTED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julius Phillip Bested|Bested, Julius Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ6V-YSQ] - 1907(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Rose Park, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Salisbury, 1937-1939); 5CS Peterborough (1947-1948); 5CS Adelaide (Richmond, 1954-1960; Cumberland Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1995, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Salisbury, SA, 1939-1941)

===''BIBBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Cyril Bibby|Bibby, Frederick Cyril &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH58-5XF] - 1911(Tas)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3OL Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1939; Camberwell, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 681, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 38, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Camberwell, 1943-1968); operator (Camberwell, 1972-1980)
===''BINNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Binns|Binns, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-XTD] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - 2IE Receive Sydney (Kogarah, 1922), 2BJ Sydney (Kogarah, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 46, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''BIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Scorer Bird|Bird, Henry Scorer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWH-FTC] - 1902(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HB Melbourne (Sunshine, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Sunshine, 1924-1927); Government employee (Camberwell, 1928-1963); nil (Ashwood, 1968-1972) - Comment: 3HB callsign passed to Sunshine Radio Club 1924-1927 (prominent amateur broadcaster)
* [[/Leslie James Bird|Bird, Leslie James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6X2-N4N] - 1897(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Armidale, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Armidale, 1930-1935; Wellington, 1937); civil servant (Homebush, 1943) 
===''BISCHOFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Conrad Bischoff|Bischoff, William Edward Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YT-QB7] - 1911(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2LZ Sydney (Crows Nest, 1930-1937); 2LZ Wentworth Falls (1938-1939, 1946-1969); 2AKM Wentworth Falls (Portable, 1939); 2LZ Sydney (Naremburn, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 568, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 12, 1936; TVOCP, 346, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Naremburn, 1933-1937); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1943); radio technician (Wentworth Falls, 1949-1958); tele. engineer (Naremburn, 1963); engineer (Naremburn, 1972-1980)
===''BISHOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Elijah Bishop|Bishop, Clarence Elijah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKZ9-G7S] - 1896(WA)-1971(WA) - Licences: 6DD Receive Albany (1923); 6DD Albany (1923-1924); 6DD Northam (1924); 6LL Katanning (1936-1939); 6LL Perth (Claremont, 1948-1954; East Victoria Park, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1746, 1936, WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albany, WA, 1922); accountant (Katanning, WA, 1925-1937); clerk (Nedlands, WA, 1943-1954; Victoria Park, WA, 1958-1968)
* [[/Frederick Edward Bishop|Bishop, Frederick Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS3-GZQ] - 1882(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2FB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Kirribilli, 1930-1931); grazier (Mullaley, Gunnedah, 1935-1949)
* [[/Maurice Glanville Bishop| Bishop, Maurice Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDP-SVD] - 1908(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Middle Park, Vic, 1931); bank officer (Middle Park, 1935); bank clerk (Bank of NSW Quarters, Ouyen, 1936-1937); bank officer (Hawthorn, 1942-1949; Nelson, Tas, 1954)

===''BLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. C. Black|Black, F. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None identified to date - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 297, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: awaits identification, Port Lincoln, SA in 1926
* [[/William Hector Black|Black, William Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8J2-TCS] - 1912(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3WB Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939); 2WO Sydney (Mosman, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 663, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); bacteriologist (Mosman, 1943-1963); biochemist (Darlinghurst, 1968-1972)

===''BLACKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Howbery Blackman|Blackman, Herbert Howbery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2M-65N] - 1886(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: XOE Melbourne (East Malvern, 1913); 3PR Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923); 3PR Melbourne (East Malvern, 1924-1925); 3HA Melbourne (East Malvern, 1926-1927); 3HU Melbourne (Ashburton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 211, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1909); mechanic (East Malvern, 1913-1916); soldier (Royal Park, 1917-1919); electrician (East Malvern, 1922-1928); mechanic (Burwood, 1931-1968)
* [[/W. T. Blackburn|Blackburn, W. T.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Home Hill (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Searched William, Walter, Wilfred - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BLADES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alfred Blades|Blades, Ronald Alfred &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCS-L77] - 1916(Qld)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 4RX Toowoomba (1936-1939); 2VP Sydney (Haberfield, 1946-1947; Ashfield, 1948-1950; Dundas, 1954-1955); 2VP Melbourne (Blackburn, 1956); 2VP Sydney (Balgowlah, 1957-1969; Seaforth, 1975; Dee Why, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1775, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 615, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); broadcast technician (AWA) - Comment: Two Ronald Alfred Blades born in Qld 1916, 4RX 27/3/1916 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1949; Dundas, NSW, 1954; Balgowlah, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1977)

===''BLAIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Andrew William Blair|Blair, Keith Andrew William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK4S-ZXY] - 1911(Vic)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2DX Balranald (1930-1934); 2DX Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1937); 2DX Bega (1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 699, 1930, Vic; BOCP 276, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Balranald, 1932-1935; Randwick, 1936-1937; Bega, 1937); bank officer (Queanbeyan, 1949-1980) 
===''BLAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leslie Gilbert Blake|Blake, Robert Leslie Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L831-ZLW] - 1888(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3RG Castlemaine (1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 484, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Castlemaine, 1912-1919); house furn. (Castlemaine, 1924-1949)
===''BLANCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Henry Blanchard|Blanchard, George Edward Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV2-B4S] - 1899(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DN Sydney (Newtown, 1922-1926; Hurlstone Park, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 195, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Earlwood, 1930-1980)
===''BLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Bland|Bland, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-4RP] - 1902(India)-1955(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Alberton, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Alberton, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 765, 1923 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio manufacturer (Tusmore, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BLUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Blue|Blue, Harry William]] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - 2YI Liverpool (1933), 2YI Albury (1934-1936), 9KO Rabaul (1937), 2YI Broken Hill (1938-1939), 2YI Sydney (Kingsford, 1946; Auburn, 1947-1980+, amateur operator (AOCP 1034, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, A.A.M.S.
===''BLUNDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Verge Blunden|Blunden, Godfrey Verge]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNG-22L] - 1906(Vic)-1996(France) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Wireless Weekly (editor, 1930s) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (North Sydney, 1930; East Sydney, 1933-1936)
* [[/Leon Walter Blunden|Blunden, Leon Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KT-SMV] - 1914(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5BH Adelaide (Firle, 1935-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1535, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Douglas Boast|Boast, Harold Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2VW-3D4] - 1906(Eng)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3AX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1939); 3AX Lubeck (1946-1969); 3AX Melbourne (Frankston, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 404, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 55, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Elsternwick, 1931-1936); radio engineer (3LK Lubeck, 1942-1968); retired (Frankston, 1972-1977)
===''BOILEAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Boileau|Boileau, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-HLQ] - 1893(SA)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4JT Port Moresby (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Byron Bay, NSW, 1943-1954)

===''BOLGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Joseph Bolger|Bolger, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-VDD] - 1867(Irl)-1941(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Deputy Director of Navigation, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: master mariner (Williamstown, 1914-1917); public servant (Elsternwick, 1919); master mariner (Elsternwick, 1931-1937)

===''BOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Francis Bond|Bond, Rupert Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZHS-QB3] - 1886(Vic)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rockhampton, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1912-1937; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''BONGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gysbert Sheldon Bongers|Bongers, Gysbert Sheldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7F9-DXK] - 1900(NSW)-1948(NSW) - Licences: N745 Receive Sydney (1922-1923); 2HY Sydney (Rockdale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Rockdale, 1930-1935; Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1937); engineer (Woollahra, 1943)

===''BONNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Coleman Bonner|Bonner, Alfred Coleman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MV14-MTM] - 1854(Tas)-1930(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Legana (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914-1922); no occupation (Legana, 1928)
===''BONNERUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Madsen Bonnerup|Bonnerup, Peter Madsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F5-RC8] - 1890(Tas?)-1976(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as patent attorney, WA) - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Nedlands, 1922; South Perth, 1925-1972) - Links: [https://www.carnamah.com.au/bio/peter-madsen-bonnerup Bio]
===''BONNINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Archibald Bonnington|Bonnington, John Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Y-1JP] - 1909(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931); 2AKB Sydney (Avalon Beach, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 569, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3AirOCP 16, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Broken Hill, 1931); engineer (Woollahra, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); air pilot (Avalon Beach, 1949-1963)
===''BONWILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Warren Bonwill|Bonwill, Edward Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J35-NNV] - 1869(USA)-1945(NSW) - Licences: XBP Sydney (1912-1914); 2CA Receive Cowra (1922); 2CA Cowra (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Barellan, 1930; Cowra, 1934-1937; Lithgow, 1937-1943)

===''BOTTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Botten|Botten, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-8QJ] - 1895(SA)-1973(???) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (CBD, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930); radio manager (Darlinghurst, 1933-1936); manager (Darlinghurst, 1937-1958)

===''BOUCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Reid Bouchard|Bouchard, Victor John Reid &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93B-52C] - 1897(Qld)-1936(Qld) - 4BY Receive Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur club administrator - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Auchenflower, 1921-1926); clerk (Buranda, 1928)
===''BOULTBEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Walker Boultbee|Boultbee, Kenneth Walker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMWB-1Q4] - 1905(Tas)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: agent (Taringa, Qld, 1928-1958; Corinda, Qld, 1963-1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Broadbeach, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BOUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Boundy|Boundy, George Henry]] - 1866(Vic)-1932(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), early wireless experimenter, radio clubs (WIQ), state public servant (P&amp;TQ, engineer), federal public servant (PMGD, engineer)

===''BOURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Bourke|Bourke, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V734 Receive Yarck (1922); Receive 3GP Yarck (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BOURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Frederick Bourne|Bourne, Francis Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX55-9GM] - 1916(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5BU Adelaide (Unley, 1935-1939; Wayville, 1947; Malvern, 1948-1954; Blackwood, 1955-1965; Belair, 1969); 5BU Keith (1975); 5BU Naracoorte (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1593, 1935, SA; 2COCP 1282, 1953; 1COCP 1722, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Germain Bowden|Bowden, Eric James Germain]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7T7-YC2] - 1894(Tas)-1984(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD Wireless Inspector, Hobart, 1920s &amp; 1930s; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as equipment engineer, PMGD, Tas) - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: junior assistant engineer (Hobart North, 1922); engineer (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Frank Prosser Bowden|Bowden, Frank Prosser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MP-G4L] - 1860(Tas)-1934(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, Tas PMGD, Federal PMGD - Relationships: father of Eric James Germain Bowden and John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1928)
* [[/John Gibson Bowden|Bowden, John Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJZ-V69] - 1906(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified  - employee of Medhurst Electrical - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of Eric James Germain Bowden - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1928); electrical mechanic (New Town, 1936-1937); engineer (Nelson, 1943-1963)
* [[/Ronald Stanley Bowden|Bowden, Ronald Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQGS-F9R] - 1900(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albion, Qld, 1921); car driver (Wilston, Qld, 1934); car proprietor (Newmarket, Qld, 1936-1943); store keeper (Urangan, Qld, 1949-1954); farmer (Mundubbera, Qld, 1958-1963); retired (Urangan, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BOWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Keith Bowen|Bowen, Harold Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-7SZ] - 1913(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5KB Adelaide (Maylands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1049, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Tranmere, SA, 1943)
* [[/Joseph La Venture Bowen|Bowen, Joseph La Venture or Laventure]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPP-MLB] - 1917(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4LB Brisbane (Hamilton, 1935-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1445, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1958); public servant (Kedron, Qld, 1963)
===''BOWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Nigel Bowman|Bowman, Hubert Nigel &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4PT-FY3] - 1908(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FM Adelaide (Payneham, 1932-1933; Royston Park, 1937; Payneham, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Mitcham, 1954-1956); 5FM Crystal Brook (1960); 5FM Bridgewater (1965-1980+); 5FN Portable (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 911, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 259, 1939; BOCP 282, 1940; 1COCP 354, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Boyd|Boyd, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-VM7] - 1897(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XNO Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EL Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3EL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1924-1925; Caulfield, 1925-1927; Elwood, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 104, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio engineer (3UZ, 1920s); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1924); manager (Caulfield, 1926-1928); engineer (Elsternwick, 1931-1937); electrician (St Kilda, 1949-1963); retired (Caulfield, 1967-1977)

===''BRADBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. J. Bradbury|Bradbury, B. J.]] - abt 1887(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''BRADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Keith Bradford|Bradford, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-VC5] - 1912(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4KK Millmerran (1936-1939, 1947-1975); 4KK Drillham (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1750, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Millmerran, Qld, 1934-1937); farmer (Millmerran, Qld, 1943-1954); radio dealer (Millmerran, Qld, 1958-1968); farmer (Drillham, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Richard Bradford|Bradford, John Richard]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief electrical engineer, Qld, PMGD)

===''BRADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Randell Bradley|Bradley, Frank Randell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G973-F7P] - 1884(SA)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3ZK Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1930); 2JB Sydney (Mosman, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2, 1924, No. 1 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, Superintendant Telegraphs Vic, 1928; Deputy PMG Qld; NSW); historian (telegraphs) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Sandringham, Vic, 1914-1924; Mosman, NSW, 1933-1943); no occupation (Killara, NSW, 1954-1963)
===''BRAGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Bragg|Bragg, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFQ-9N6] - 1862(Eng)-1942(Eng) - Early wireless experimenter, academic (University of Adelaide, 1885-1908), physicist, chemist, mathematician, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his son William Lawrence Bragg, son-in-law of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:William Henry Bragg|Wikipedia]]
* [[/William Lawrence Bragg|Bragg, William Lawrence &quot;Lawrence&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWXT-CLR] - 1890(SA)-1971(Eng) - participated as a youth in his father's early wireless experiments, academic (University of Adelaide), physicist, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his father William Henry Bragg, grandson of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:Lawrence Bragg|Wikipedia]]
===''BRAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. F. Brain|Brain, S. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZD Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: likely related XFR V. J. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/V. J. Brain|Brain, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XFR Sydney (Ashfield, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: likely related 2ZD S. F. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRAMLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Alfred Bramley|Bramley, John Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorayne Branch|Branch, Lorayne]] - Living - author (&quot;Henry Sutton, The Innovative Man&quot;), historian (Henry Sutton)
===''BRANDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Frank Brandon|Brandon, Eric Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPK-2ZY] - 1907(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5FB Wilmington (1933-1939); 5FB Adelaide (Prospect, 1948); 5FA Oodnadatta (1965); 5FA Ramco (1969-1975); 5FA Adelaide (Blair Athol, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1145, 1933, SA; 2COCP 140, 1938; 1COCP 183, 1938; BOCP 201, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BRANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Mervyn Branks|Branks, Albert Mervyn &quot;Merv&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-88K] - 1906(NZ)-1978(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1920s to 1970s, DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tribute]

===''BREDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wynne Steere Breden|Breden, Wynne Steere]] - 1900(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Rx Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923), 2WS Newcastle (Newcastle, 1924-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 9, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, shipyard business
===''BREMERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Frederick Bremerman|Bremerman, Harold Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-QWC] - 1903(Eng)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Aspley (1955-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1267, 1934, Qld; COCP (Eng) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (WIAQ, Life Member; Brisbane DX Club); employment (electrician, Courier Mail, Besley &amp; Pike, Mt. Olivett Hospital); pilot; UK Merchant Navy 1920s - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Albion, Qld, 1928); mechanic (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Aspley, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BRENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan James Brennan|Brennan, Allan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TR-SNJ] - 1887(Vic)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 31, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BREWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip John Brewer|Brewer, Phillip or Philip John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVKH-MNW] - 1900(WA)-1948(SA) - Licences: 5JA Adelaide (Parkside, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 269, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Parkside, 1939-1943)

===''BRIDGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Bridger|Bridger, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85V-2YT] - 1885(UK)-1941(NT) - Licences: 4AP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4AP Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer; public servant; WW1 (2nd Aust Flying Squadron, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West Perth, 1914); consulting engineer (Auchenflower, 1925); poultry farmer (Geebung, 1928); engineer (Armadale, 1934-1937) - Directories: electrical engineer (Adelaide, 1915; Melbourne, 1917-1921; Brisbane, 1923-1927; Adelaide, 1930) 
===''BRIDGES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Claud Bridges|Bridges, Frank John Claud or Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHRF-XHR] - 1885(NZ)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 141, 1915; 2COCP 182, 1930; 1COCP 279, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Esperance, 1921-1949); retired (Esperance, 1958-1963)

===''BRIGGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Robert Briggs|Briggs, Donald Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5B-1TN] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (Walkerville, 1935-1939; Henley Beach, 1947; South Plympton, 1954-19600; 5HB Adelaide (Morphett Vale, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1490, 1935, SA; 2COCP 413, 1941; BOCP 373, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939)

===''BRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Herbert Bright|Bright, William Henry Herbert &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQH-GSX] - 1898(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Spark; 4FA Toowoomba (1923); 4AA Toowoomba (1924-1925); 4WB Toowoomba (1925-1927); 4OO Toowoomba (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 123, 1925, No. 13 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: callsign 4AA withdrawn by PMGD for their use - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toowoomba, 1919-1943); clerk (Toowoomba, 1949); mechanic (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)

===''BRIMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Campbell Brimble|Brimble, Charles Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5L-9GH] - 1915(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5CB Adelaide (Somerton, 1935-1939, 1947-1948; Somerton Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1446, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Somerton, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BRIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Marcus John Gordon Brims|Brims, Marcus John Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZWB-S11] - 1888(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: XQA Mareeba (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; business proprietor (plywood &amp; veneer manufacture) - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Mareeba, 1912-1913); foreman joiner (Milton, 1921); timber merchant (Milton, 1925-1931); plywood manufacturer (Annerley, 1937-1958); business manager (Annerley, 1963-1980)

===''BRISTOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morrison Bristow|Bristow, John Morrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPL-DLJ] - 1908(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZX Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 243, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: advertising manager (Neutral Bay, 1930-1935); manager (Gordon, 1937-1943); company manager (Pymble, 1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954-1980)

===''BROCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Edward Earl Brock|Brock, Hector Edward Earl]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VQL-BTC] - 1902(Vic)-1962(SA) - Licences: 3ZC Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924); 5DP Adelaide  (North Adelaide, 1924-1927; Malvern, 1927-1938); 5UZ Adelaide (Fullarton, 1954-1956; Nailsworth, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 25, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; University of Adelaide (Demonstrator &amp; Technical Assistant, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1924); no occupation (Malvern, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BROINOWSKI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leopold Thomas Broinowski|Broinowski, Leopold Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6FR-SMR] - 1871(Vic)-1937(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Hobart Mercury, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1914-1937)

===''BROOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilberforce Henry Liddon Brooke|Brooke, Wilberforce Henry Liddon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB61-69T] - 1891(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Terrigal (1930-1936); 2BR Dora Creek (1937-1939, 1946-1958); 2BR Paterson (1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 638, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Jerry's Plains, 1930; Terrigal, 1931-1937; Dora Creek, 1954-1958; Paterson, 1963-1968)
===''BROOKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Brookes|Brookes, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSJ-GV6] - 1911(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BA Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, 1938-1939; Wooloowin, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1641, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1954); waterside Worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1958)

===''BROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Milton Brooks|Brooks, Albert Henry Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT1Q-DVK] - 1901(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5KG Adelaide (Grange, 1933-1939; Croydon, 1946-1960+); 5AH Adelaide (Ridleton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1170, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Croydon, 1939); railway employee (Croydon, 1941-1943) - Relationships: likely related to 7JB John Vickery Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks
* [[/John Vickery Brooks|Brooks, John Vickery &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHXL-RK8] - 1905(SA)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 37, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer; originally from Adelaide - Relationships: likely related to 5KG Albert Henry Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart South, 1928; Malvern, Vic, 1954-1980)

===''BROOMHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Broomhall|Broomhall, Charles Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7NZ-2SV] - 1891(Vic)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 729, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geraldton, 1916); mechanic (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925; Canning Bridge, 1931-1937; Applecross, 1943-1954); retired (Bickley, 1958-1963)

===''BROWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan George Brown|Brown, Alan George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G849-43Y] - 1909(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3CX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1937; Upper Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Canterbury, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 446, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931); public servant (Auburn, 1936-1937); RAAF (St Kilda North, 1943); civil servant (Auburn, 1949); clerk (Deepdene, 1954; Camberwell North, 1963-1968)
* [[/Alan Weymouth Brown|Brown, Alan Weymouth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSKH-1N5] - 1902(Tas)-1938(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Listeners' League, Hobart (assistant secretary); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Assistant Secretary, Listeners' League, Hobart, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Alfred Louis Brown|Brown, Alfred Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQV-4SS] - 1885(Eng)-1971(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as general manager, 5CL, SA) - Electoral Rolls: instrument maker (Claremont, WA, 1910); optician (Applecross, 1916-1917); director (Kew, Vic, 1926); engineer (Cottesloe, 1936-1937)
* [[/Bruce Kevin Brown|Brown, Bruce Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S4-CV1] - 1920(Tas)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 7QZ Launceston (1937-1939); 2AQZ Sydney (Meadowbank, 1954-1969; Annangrove, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1942, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 303, 1940; 1COCP 492, 1941; TVOCP 1014, 1968 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Meadowbank, 1943-1968); technician (Annangrove, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Clarence Roy Brown|Brown, Clarence Roy]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - founder of 5KA Class B Adelaide; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 5KA, SA) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Clifford Walter Brown|Brown, Clifford Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCV5-M8M] - 1906(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6CB Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 640, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Subiaco, 1931-1937); traveller (Nedlands, 1943-1963); business manager (Wembley, 1968); manager (Morley, 1972; Dianella, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Makepeace Brown|Brown, Frank Makepeace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H5-2M5] - 1911(WA)-2006(WA) - Licences: 6FB Mullewa (1939; 1946-1948); 6FB Bassendean (1954-1960); 6FB Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969; Rossmoyne, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 2375, 1939, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Northam, 1936; Bassendean, 1943); civil servant (Mullewa, 1949); telephone technician (Bassendean, 1954-1963); civil servant (Doubleview, 1968-1972); telephone technician (Rossmoyne, 1977-1980)
* [[/George D. Brown|Brown, George D.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-JFD] - 1875(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DB Brisbane (Ascot, Qld, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1970, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous GBs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Percy Brown|Brown, Harry Percy &quot;Horsepower&quot;, &quot;Poo Bah&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1R8-R1W] - 1878(Eng)-1967(NSW) - senior federal public servant (Director-General, Posts and Telegraphs); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Secretary, PMGD) - Links: [[w:Harry Brown (public servant)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brown-sir-harry-percy-5384 ADB]; [https://telegramsaustralia.com/Forms/Special%20developments/People/Brown.html Telegrams Australia]
* [[/Hector Mervyn Brown|Brown, Hector Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9TY-HSC] - 1906(NSW)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5MB Adelaide (Torrensville, 1927-1928; Southwark, 1931-1933, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 345, 1927, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 402 1932; 1COCP 333, 1933) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BH, 1937), PMGD SA (mechanic, retired 1940) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1937), engineer (Thebarton, 1941-1943)
* [[/Herbert George Brown|Brown, Herbert George &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5BH-NGV] - 1887(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4BH Booval (1928-1930); 4HG Booval (1931); 4HG Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 4BH Brisbane (Graceville, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 455, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (Ipswich); railways employee - Callsign: withdrawn for 4BH Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ipswich, Qld, 1925; Redbank, Qld, 1929)
* [[/Herbert Rufus Brown|Brown, Herbert Rufus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HL-T23] - 1894(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3NN Receive Yanac (1923); 3NN Yanac (1924-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 271, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Yanac, 1919-1977)
* [[/J. R. Brown|Brown, J. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Southport (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James McGladdery Brown|Brown, James McGladdery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW18-TCK] - 1882(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4BJ Aramac (1929-1933); 4BJ Rockhampton (1937); 4BJ Bundaberg (1947-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 480, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: porter (Rockhampton, 1905); station master (Finch Hatton, 1913); labourer (Mackay, 1919);  motor car proprietor (Baralaba, Mt Morgan, 1925); guard (Aramac, 1928-1937); retired (Maryborough, 1954-1963; Ascot, 1963) - Relationships: father of Victor James Caldwell Brown, the likely actual amateur operator
* [[/John Henry Shadwell Brown|Brown, John Henry Shadwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-7M4] - 1897(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2JK Sydney (Botany, 1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 926, 1926; 1COCP 154, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Botany, 1930-1958)
* [[/Joseph Brown|Brown, Joseph &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQH2-YSM] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Hobart (Battery Point, 1934-1939; New Town, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1255, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 5, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (7ZL, Hobart TV); public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Battery Point, 1936-1937); civil servant (New Town, 1943-1972)
* [[/Leonard Austin Brown|Brown, Leonard Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX21-FFX] - 1915(Vic)-1957(SA) - Licences: 3OP Melbourne (Camberwell, 1931-1933); 5OP Adelaide (Eastwood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 814, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, Vic, 1936; Eastwood, SA, 1939; Unley Park, SA, 1941)
* [[/Robert Brown|Brown, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart Central, 1919; Moonah, 1928); fitter (Hobart North, 1958)
* [[/Victor James Caldwell Brown|Brown, Victor James Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBKS-2T7] - 1907(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - Qualifications: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: wardsman (Aramac, 1928); guard (Aramac, 1930); baker (Rockhampton, 1936); radio mechanic (Barcaldine, 1943; Bundaberg, 1949-1963) - Relationships: son of James McGladdery Brown - note electoral roll addresses for Victor James precisely align with 4BJ addresses whereas those for James McGladdery do not
* [[/William Francis Brown|Brown, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-4DL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BB Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3BB Melbourne (Richmond, 1937); 9BB Wau, New Guinea (1938); 2ANP Sydney (Bundeena, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 704, 1930, Vic; 2COCP 92, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Richmond, 1937) - Comment: many contemporaneous WFBs

===''BROWNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Vincent Browne|Browne, Robert John Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLZ-BY6] - 1907(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4RB Brisbane (Toowong, 1925-1939; New Farm, 1946-1956; Dorrington, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 92, 1925, No. 10 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Clevedon, 4QN, 1943); technician (New Farm, 1949-1954); teacher (Dorrington, 1958-1968)

===''BROWNLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Frank Brownless|Brownless, Sidney Frank &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-M5S] - 1915(Eng)-1995(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); military (WW2, RAF, radar research); clubs &amp; societies (IREE); author (&quot;The Sharing of Television Channels&quot;, ABCB, 1973 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Albert Park, 1954-1980)

===''BRUCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Bruce|Bruce, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPX-XN9] - 1913(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5GB Adelaide (Prospect, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1925, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Arthur Bruce|Bruce, Robert Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR18-SKL] - 1900(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5BJ Adelaide (Glenelg, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 357, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenelg, 1939-1943)
* [[/Robert William Bruce|Bruce, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTC-Z1J] - 1899(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926-1928; East Malvern, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 283, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1926; Malvern East, 1931-1967)

===''BRUNSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Thomas Brunsden|Brunsden, Herbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NR-JJR] - 1909(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: 2BX Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 649, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 258, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Leichhardt, 1930-1937) - Comment: Gone too soon

===''BRYCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ramsay Auld Bryce|Bryce, Ramsay Auld]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH9T-FL2] - 1914(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AB Ipswich (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4AB Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1954-1969); 4AC Portable Ipswich (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1935, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (North Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio serviceman (North Ipswich, Qld, 1943); theatre proprietor (Palm Beach, Qld, 1949); showman (Palm Beach, Qld, 1954-1958); projectionist (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1972)

===''BRYSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royal William Bryson|Bryson, Royal William &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ9P-5KJ] - 1886(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: XJJ Melbourne (Richmond, 1913); 3JM Receive Melbourne (Kew, 1922-1923); 3JM Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 50, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Richmond, 1914-1916); electrical fitter (Kew, 1919-1937); electrician (Croydon, 1943-1954)

===''BUCHANAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thomas Oswald Buchanan|Buchanan, Norman Thomas Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84K-B7C] - 1912(Qld)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 2NB Sydney (Manly, 1928-1939); 2ANB Sydney (Bondi, 1948; Kingsford, 1950); 3AND Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1954; Rosanna, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 466, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Manly, 1934-1935); sound engineer (Manly, 1936); engineer (North Sydney, 1943; Heidelberg, 1954-1963; Rosanna, 1968; Heidelberg, 1972; Rosanna, 1977); retired (Castlemaine, 1980)
===''BUCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hector Buck|Buck, Albert Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-PC3] - 1905(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3TM Receive Melbourne (Albert Park, 1923); 3TM Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1924-1926; Glenferrie, 1927; East Preston, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933-1937); 3TM Terang (1938-1939); 3TM Shepparton (1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 138, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: father of 3ZMX &amp; 3AAD Edwin David Buck, don't confuse with Albert Thomas Buck (Qld) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenferrie, 1927-1928); mechanic (Glenferrie, 1931; Hawthorn, 1937); electrician (Terang, 1943)
* [[/Albert Thomas Buck|Buck, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Z9K-CXG] - 1892(Eng)-1973(Eng) - Licences: 4CW Receive Brisbane (Geebung, 1923); 4CW Brisbane (Geebung, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 281, 1926, No. 24 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Kedron, 1931-1934); wireless mechanic (Summer Hill, 1933) - don't confuse with 3TM Albert Hector Buck
* [[/Edwin David Buck|Buck, Edwin David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNC-4JQ] - 1929(Vic)-2010(Vic) - 3ZMX Melbourne (Thornbury, 1965-1969, 3AAD Melbourne (Thornbury, 1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), son of 3TM Albert Hector Buck
===''BUCKERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Buckerfield|Buckerfield, Sidney Roy &quot;Buck&quot; &amp; &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGS-S7N] - 1904(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5DA Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5DA Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Evandale, 1928-1931; Knoxville, 1933-1939; St Morris, 1947-1948+); 5DA Crystal Brook (1954-1956); 5DA Adelaide (Brighton Gardens, 1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 32, 1924, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 163, 1938; 1COCP 1557, 1950 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (5DN, 5CK, 5DR, 5AN, 5ABCFM); public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Knoxville, 1939)

===''BUGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Robert Bugg|Bugg, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-Q8K] - 1918(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 11, 1936, Vic -  - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Geelong, 1942)

===''BUILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Builder|Builder, Geoffrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM6S-FBL] - 1906(WA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - physicist; radio engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: observer (Magnetic Observatory, Watheroo, 1931; physicist (Haberfield, 1935; Ashfield, 1937; Burwood, NSW, 1943-1958) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/builder-geoffrey-9617 ADB]

===''BULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Bull|Bull, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB9W-CFP] - 1904(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4MA Brisbane (Fairfield, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1674, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Stones Corner, Qld, 1926-1928; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1934; Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); military forces (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1963)
* [[/J. F. Bull|Bull, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FH Mackay (-1949-1967+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), associate member I.R.E. Aust.
===''BULLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Bulling|Bulling, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Y9-S95] - 1914(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5KX Adelaide (Grange, 1935-1939; Kirkcaldy, 1947-1954; Kings Park, 1955-1975); 5KX Wasleys (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1527, 1935, SA; BOCP 166, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Kirkcaldy, 1939-1943)

===''BULLIVANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Bullivant|Bullivant, William Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJK-X8B] - 1908(NSW)-1985(NSW) - 2PR Receive Albury (1923-1924), 2WB Albury (1925-1930), 2WB West Wyalong (1931-1934), 2BC Sydney (Bondi, 1946-1950; Bellevue Hill, 1954-1969; Kingsford, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 167, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 319, 1940), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk (West Wyalong, 1932), telegraphist (Bondi, 1943), supervisor (Waverley, 1954; Bellevue Hill, 1963; Kingsford, 1980))
===''BULLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Frederick Wright Bullock|Bullock, Albert Frederick Wright &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4K-44G] - 1900(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ZX Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1933-1939, 1946-1954; Camp Hill, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1109, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (East Brisbane, Qld, 1925); storeman (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BUNTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Bunton|Bunton, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGWV-YFR] - 1872(Eng)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Mosman, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Mosman, 1930-1954)

===''BURBIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Arthur Burbidge|Burbidge, Philip Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-7JL] - 1910(Eng)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 3PB Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1931); 2PB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 456, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant manager (Camberwell, 1934); manager (Bellevue Hill, 1943)
===''BURBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Alfred Burbury|Burbury, Eric Alfred]] - 1894(Tas)-1976(NSW) - early wireless experimenter (Tasmania, unlicensed?), ship wireless operator (1910s), broadcast engineer (AWA, Koo-we-rup; 2FC, chief engineer), brother of Harry Keith Burbury
* [[/Harry Keith Burbury|Burbury, Harry Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - 1897(Tas)-1986(NSW) - engineer (PMGD), brother of Eric Alfred Burbury

===''BURCHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Burchill|Burchill, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-8PF] - 1894(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4EM Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1925; Surry Hills, NSW, 1930); fitter (Long Bay Camp, NSW, 1933; Surry Hills, NSW, 1934-1936; Harbord, NSW, 1937); watchman (Maroubra, NSW, 1943-1949)

===''BURFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Patrick Burford|Burford, Walter Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHM2-CD9] - 1912(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 5PB Naracoorte (1934-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1365, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BURGESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Thomas Burgess|Burgess, George Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W5-N95] - 1913(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5GC Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939; Henley Beach, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1233, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Henley, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas William Watkins Burgess|Burgess, Thomas William Watkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDZP-X1R] - 1861(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: XDA Wagga Wagga (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Wagga Wagga, 1901-1903)

===''BURGOYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Burgoyne|Burgoyne, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-1VS] - 1876(Wales)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (VIY, 1913-?); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, South Townsville, 1919); postmaster (Concord, 1930); public servant (Homebush, 1930); postmaster (Homebush, 1933; Strathfield, 1935; Inverell, 1936; Bondi North, 1943)

===''BURING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rudolph Buring|Buring, Rudolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L51C-YVT] - 1906(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 7AX Receive Hobart (1922-1923); Receive Hobart (1923-1924); 7RB Hobart (1925-1933); 3RB Melbourne (Ballarat, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 102, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 166, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electronics engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: university demonstrator (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Sale, 1936; Ballarat, 1936-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1972)

===''BURMESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Conrad Burmester|Burmester, Otto Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWN-7VX] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4OB Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1158, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 31, 1935; 1COCP 46, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (Toowong, Qld, 1943); PMG technician (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1980)
===''BURNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud Edward James Burns|Burns, Claud Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCLY-P7V] - 1893(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4ZY Kingaroy (1932-1939); 4ZY Innisfail (1946-1947); 4ZY Cairns (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 996, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: supervising technician (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''BURRAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Allan Burrage|Burrage, John Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCW4-SLS] - 1916(Vic)-1942(Ins) - Licences: 3UW Melbourne (Deepdene, 1934-1937), 3UW (Shepparton, 1938-1939) -  Qualifications: AOCP 1322, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 59, 1936; 1COCP 291, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (3SR), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Shepparton, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/burrage-john-allan-400643/]

===''BURROWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Owen Burrows|Burrows, Alan Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNZG-V74] - 1901(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio correspondent (Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney Sun); proprietor Miss F. V. Wallace (Wireless Shop), 1927-1933; president Waverley Radio Club - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Waverley, 1930-1933) - Comment: Gone too soon
* [[/Ernest Walter Burrows|Burrows, Ernest Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-YQ8] - 1900(WA)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 6DZ Geraldton (1924-1927); 2DZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 659, 1921; 1COCP 5, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: technical assistant (Canterbury, NSW, 1937-1949; Earlwood, 1954-1980)
* [[/Frederick Harold Burrows|Burrows, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-TKH] - 1894(Eng)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6BH Perth (Claremont, 1922-1924); 6BH Kalgoorlie (1925-1927); 6BF Perth (Beverley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 193, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1916; Claremont, 1922; Kalgoorlie, 1925); headmaster (Beverley, 1937; Subiaco, 1943-1958); retired (Subiaco, 1963-1972)
* [[/John Charles Fry Burrows|Burrows, John Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKZ-LJ8] - 1897(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: XJCD Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 251, 1916 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Kew, 1919-1931); representative (Bairnsdale, 1934); commercial (Kew, 1936-1937); superintendent (Caulfield, 1943-1954); manager (Toorak, 1963-1980)

===''BURTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Reg Burton|Burton, Arthur Reg]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-3HM] - 1899(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4FE Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1935-1936; City, 1937-1939; Highgate Hill, 1946-1948); 1FE Heard Island (1954-1955); 4FE Thursday Island (1955-1956); 4FE Normanton (1960); 4FE Labrador (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1563, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); broadcast technician; federal public servant (PMGD) - Relationships: Likely father of 4BM Arthur Henry Burton - Electoral Rolls: artist (Lutwyche, Qld, 1921); picture showman (Beenleigh, Qld, 1922-1926);  motor engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1931-1934; South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); radio engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943); diesel engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Labrador, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BUSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Talbot Busch|Busch, Reginald Talbot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ3-2P7] - 1907(Vic)-2005(Vic) - Licences: 3LS Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1923); 3LS Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1939; North Essendon, 1946-1969; Strathmore, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 157, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 286, 1936; 1AOCP 3, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; research engineer (1942) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); research engineer (Essendon, 1942-1968); research (Strathmore, 1972-1977)
===''BUSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Melville Bush|Bush, Albert Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBB7-DFN] - 1893(Vic)-1964(Vic) - 3YY Bendigo (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 197, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental apprentice (Bendigo, 1914-1919); dentist (Bendigo, 1922-1963)
===''BUSHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert William Bushby|Bushby, Thomas Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2G5-KTN] - 1900(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2TW Bulli (1927-1928); 2TW Sydney (Gladesville, 1929; Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1931-1933; Rose Bay, 1934; Bondi North, 1935-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 368, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 32, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1933); engineer (Rose Bay, 1934; Bellevue Hill, 1935; Bondi, 1936-1937; Kingsgrove, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Bexley, 1958-1963)

===''BUTCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Butcher|Butcher, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-77S] - 1912(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4EB Brisbane (Lutwyche, 1931-1933; Kedron, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 871, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937); teacher (Grange, Qld, 1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''BUTLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lloyd Butler|Butler, Alfred Lloyd &quot;Lloyd&quot;]] - Licences: 5BR Adelaide (Prospect, 1947); 5BR Murray Bridge (1948-1960); 5BR Adelaide (Panorama, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; historian (SA amateur, SA broadcast) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://users.tpg.com.au/ldbutler/index.htm Web]
* [[/Richard Edmund Butler|Butler, Richard Edmund &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQX1-ZPZ] - 1926(Vic)-2012(Vic) - Senior federal public servant (PMGD), Deputy General Secretary ITU 1983-1989, Secretary General ITU 1983-1989 [https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/ElectedOfficialBio.aspx?off=6]
===''BUTLER-WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bertie Saywell Butler-Wood|Butler-Wood, Bertie Saywell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXJ2-18J] - 1894(NSW)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4EJ Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (West End, Qld, 1919-1925); dentist (West End, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''BUTTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Butterfield|Butterfield, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L77T-FCW] - 1903(Eng)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6GW Perth (South Perth, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 906, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Northam, WA, 1925; South Perth, WA, 1931); radio engineer (South Perth, WA, 1936-1958); retired (South Perth, WA, 1977)

===''BUTTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Butters|Butters, William Leslie W.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2VQ7-BSV] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2WY Bermagui South (1928-1935); 2WY Sydney (Brooklyn, 1936-1938; Cronulla, 1939; Karuah, 1946-1947); 2WY Nambucca Heads (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 464, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fisheries inspector (Bermagui South, 1930; Brooklyn, 1936); clerk (Erskineville, 1943); retired (Nambucca Heads, 1949)

===''BUTTERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Butterworth|Butterworth, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLR-QDG] - 1910(NSW)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Wallsend (1929-1930); 2BU Wallsend (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 540, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wallsend, 1936-1958); manufacturer (Wallsend, 1963-1972); engineer (Rankin Park, 1977-1980)

===''BUZACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hardie Buzacott|Buzacott, Albert Hardie &quot;Hardie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7YK-QZ6] - 1914(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4UZ Toowoomba (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1242, 1934, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 260, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); radio operator (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Roma, Qld, 1949; Gympie, Qld, 1954-1972; Caloundra, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Richard Norman Buzacott|Buzacott, Richard Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ82-8ZL] - 1909(WA)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3RB Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1926; Burwood, 1931; Camberwell, 1933); 2TD Sydney (North Sydney, 1935-1936); 3TD Lubeck (1938-1939); 3TD Melbourne (Balwyn, 1946-1960); 3AUB Melbourne (Reservoir, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 298, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 61, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1931); broadcast engineer (North Sydney, 1934-1935); engineer (Camaray, NSW, 1936); broadcast engineer (Lubeck, 1937); wireless operator (Canterbury, 1943); technician (Canterbury, 1949-1954); engineer (Reservoir, 1963-1972)

=='''C'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''CAGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cagney|Cagney, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-9HV] - 1909(Qld)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Rockhampton (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1386, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Palings, piano tuner); associate I.R.E. Aust - Electoral Rolls: musical instrument worker (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1980)

===''CAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Cain|Cain, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MKN2-48M] - 1866(Isle of Man)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a/g superintendent, Central Mission, Wesley Church, Melbourne, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Mooroopna, 1903; North Melbourne, 1909-1913; Carlton, 1914-1919; Glenferrie, 1921-1924; Auburn, 1924-1927; Kew, 1928-1937)

===''CALDECOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry William Spencer Caldecott|Caldecott, Henry William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-K3M] - 1908(Canada)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 2SM Sydney (Manly, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928-1929; Manly, 1930-1931); 2DA Sydney (Manly, 1933-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 285, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 58, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Balgowlah, 1930-1968); engineer (Balgowlah, 1977-1980)- callsign 2SM withdrawn by PMGD for allocation to 2SM commercial broadcaster
===''CALDWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aleck Stewart Caldwell|Caldwell, Aleck Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5SS-6BB] - 1903(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley North, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver -  Comment: During 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Donald Pavy Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Black Forest, SA, 1939); assistant (Erindale, SA, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Donald Pavy Caldwell|Caldwell, Donald Pavy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVC2-5NT] - 1907(SA)-1959(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 29, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: amateur broadcaster but never held licence in his name, during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Aleck Stewart Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Clapham, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frank David Caldwell|Caldwell, Frank David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FQ9] - 1907(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2YF Sydney (Bondi, 1930-1936; Concord, 1937; Bondi, 1938-1939; Waverley, 1946-1969); 2YF Katoomba (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 587, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 404, 1938; BOCP 186, 1938  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: employee Clyde Engineering Works (Burwood, 1930); mechanic (Bondi, 1936-1937; Waverley, 1949-1958; Bronte, 1963-1968)
* [[/Robert Ballantyne Caldwell|Caldwell, Robert Ballantyne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2ZSH-LYB] - 1869(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: father of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell; brother of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: resident engineer (North Unley, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Rupert Christian Caldwell|Caldwell, Rupert Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W3-897] - 1893(Vic)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2YW Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1924); 2JO Sydney (Bondi Junction, 1928; Waverley, 1929-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1937; Bondi, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 415, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Waverley, 1930-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1936; Bondi Beach, 1937-1968); retired (Waverley, 1972; Bondi Beach, 1977; Malabar, 1980)
* [[/William Alexander Caldwell|Caldwell, William Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y4-P92] - 1881(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5DI Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: brother of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; uncle of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: nil (Glenelg, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CALETTI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guido Caletti|Caletti, Guido &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-NV5] - 1900(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922; Newtown, 1922); 2CL Sydney (Newtown, 1923; Redfern, 1924; Annandale, 1924-1926; Punchbowl, 1927-1929; Penrose, 1930); 2AHV Sydney (Hurstville, 1938-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 649, 1921 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Punchbowl, 1930); mechanic (Bankstown, 1933); telephone mechanic (Hurstville, 1937-1949)
===''CALLABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Callaby|Callaby, Clarence James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBQ-38C] - 1910(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1934); 3BI Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 546, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Concord, 1933-1935); chemist (Croydon, 1936-1937); industrial chemist (West Ryde, 1943-1958); company director (St Ives, 1963-1968); director (St Ives, 1972-1977)
===''CALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Victor Callick|Callick, Harold Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF4-P45] - 1898(Eng)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Herston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: surgical dresser (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1921-1925; Herston, Qld, 1937-1963; Alderley, Qld, 1943-1949; Herston, Qld, 1954-1958; Chermside, Qld, 1963); retired (Miami, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''CALLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival James Callow|Callow, Percival James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFB-TR6] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Albion, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Albion, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Glen Kedron, Qld, 1934; Kedron, Qld, 1936-1963); retired (Scarborough, Qld, 1968)

===''CAMERON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. R. Cameron|Cameron, A. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RC Adelaide (Leabrook, 1931-1938); 2AMK Sydney (Hunters Hill, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Milton Cameron|Cameron, Robert Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXL-HDJ] - 1907(Vic)-1985(SA) - Licences: 3OT Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1923); 3OT Melbourne (Malvern, 1924-1933); 2XV Sydney (Waverton, 1935; Cronulla, 1937-1939); 4CS Brisbane (Doomben, 1947; Archerfield, 1948); 3AC Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 112, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 87, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Malvern East, 1931-1934); aeradio operator (Cooktown, 1943); surveyor (Prahran, 1954)

===''CAMPBELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dallas Dwyer Campbell|Campbell, Dallas Dwyer]] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - 2KU? Receive Ulmarra (1922-23), 2CU Ulmarra (1924-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 5, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Douglas Gilmore Campbell|Campbell, Douglas Gilmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJBS-NDD] - 1888(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2JO Receive Kyogle (1922-1924), 2DG Kyogle (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 70, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Frank Valentine Campbell|Campbell, Frank Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-CGN] - 1901(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4GC George Alfred Campbell - Electoral Rolls: wireless expert (South Brisbane, Qld, 1926); mechanic (Kedron, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Kedron, Qld, 1934-1954); electrician (Haberfield, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Beacon Hill, NSW, 1968-1972)
* [[/Frederick Alexander Campbell|Campbell, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC4J-HG7] - 1849(Sct)-1930(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, South Yarra, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: director (Melbourne, 1903-1913; South Yarra, 1914-1919); chief executive (South Yarra, 1924-1928)
* [[/George Alfred Campbell|Campbell, George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-C21] - 1894(Eng)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4GC Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1937-1939, 1947-1960); 4GC Mermaid Beach (1965-1975); 4GC Brisbane (Annerley, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2014, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Frank Valentine Campbell - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West End, Qld, 1925-1926; South Brisbane, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Annerley, Qld, 1968-1972; Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1977)
* [[/James Campbell|Campbell, James]] - 1845(Sct)-1893(Vic) - proprietor of engineering business in Ballarat, politician in Victoria, Postmaster-General Victoria (Apr 1884 - Feb 1886)
* [[/Neville Douglas Campbell|Campbell, Neville Douglas or Douglas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G73C-WVG] - 1912(Tas)-2007(Tas) - Licences: 7NC Hobart (City, 1932-1939, 1946-1956; Sandy Bay, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 993, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (New Town, 1943; Sandy Bay, 1949-1958)
* [[/Robert Campbell|Campbell, Robert]] - 1917(???)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4RC Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1180, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, treasurer, QSL officer) - Comment: numerous contemporaneous RCs - Electoral Rolls: Nile yet identified

===''CANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Fredrick Herrett Cannon|Cannon, Ronald Fredrick or Frederick Herrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7JW-T6L] - 1913(Tas)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7RC Wynyard (1932-1939); 3BRC Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 946, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 97, 1937; 1COCP 473, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; RAAFWR; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wynyard, 1936-1937); engineer (St Kilda, 1943); radio technician (Auburn, 1949; Hawthorn, 1954-1967); tv hirer (Hawthorn, 1968-1980)
===''CANSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathan Victor Charles Cansick|Cansick, Nathan Victor Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSJ-CXC] - 1907(Vic)-1968(NSW) - 3VE Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3AK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 139, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''CAREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Carey|Carey, Francis Joseph &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 18??-19?? -  X??, 4?? Toowoomba 1911-1914, 1922-1923, 2AMI Sydney (Centennial Park, 1933-1939; North Sydney 1946-1954; Fairfield 1955-1980) - amateur operator  (AOCP 1152, 1933, ?? in NSW) , radio club member (QWI), Halcyon: AOCP NSW 1925
* [[/John Thomas Carey|Carey, John Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Y9-TZ8] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 19, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (St Kilda, 1913; West End, Townsville, 1919)
===''CARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Lewis Carne|Carne, Ronald Lewis &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-N3M] - 1910(Fiji)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4RP Hambledon Mill via Cairns (1935); 4RP Innisfail (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1186, 1933, Qld; 3COCP 429, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, 1936-1937); cane inspector (Sherwood, Qld, 1943); assistant cane inspector (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, Qld, 1949-1954); cane inspector (Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1954-1958); manager (Harwood Mill, Harwood Island, NSW, 1963; Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1968); retired (Bowen, Qld, 1972)

===''CARPENTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Carpenter|Carpenter, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPR-BJS] - 1900(WA)-1956(France) - Licences: No known licence - Qualifications: AOCP 376, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Northam, 1925-1936); instructor (South Perth, 1943); firewood vendor (Whyalla, 1948); teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1954)
===''CARRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Carrie|Carrie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Glanville, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''CARTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Carter|Carter, Albert Edward &quot;Birdie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDL-5CB] - 1916(Qld)-2014(Qld) - Licences: 4LT Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 4LT Nanango (1954); 4LT Brisbane (Carina, 1955-1969); 4LT Sunshine Beach (1975); 4LT Tewantin (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2143, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); wholesale grocery (S. Hoffnung &amp; Co); WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AECs - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Nanango, Qld, 1954); departmental manager (Carina, Qld, 1958-1972); retired (Sunshine Beach, Qld, 1977; Tewantin, Qld, 1980))
* [[/Clarence Sydney William Carter|Carter, Clarence Sydney William]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5T1-TXL] - 1902(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Kensington, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Maylands, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 24, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Glen Osmond, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frederick Pell Carter|Carter, Frederick Pell or Peel (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-2BC] - 1899(NSW)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5GK Adelaide (Mile End, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 761, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service station proprietor (Mile End, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/H. Carter|Carter, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Graceville, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Numerous contemporaneous HCs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Raymond Carter|Carter, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9G5-KJT] - 1911(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2HC Quirindi (1926-1939; 1946-1980+); 2BE Portable Quirindi (1933-1934); 2AI Portable Quirindi (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 286, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Quirindi, 1933-1980) - Callsign 2BE withdrawn by PMGD for 2BE Bega commercial

===''CARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Carty|Carty, Bruce]] - historian (broadcast, amateur broadcast), author &quot;Australian Radio History&quot;

===''CASTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Castle|Castle, Clarence Henry &quot;Clarry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-7GR] - 1915(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5KL Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939); 5KL Darwin (1947-1948); 5KL Adelaide (Enfield Heights, 1954-1965; Enfield, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1209, 1933, SA; 2COCP 263, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CASWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Harold Caswell|Caswell, Archibald Harold &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-Y3X] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) -  Licences: 4CB Murgon (1934-1939); 4CB Maryborough (1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1340, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (POW); business proprietor (garage) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Maryborough, Qld, 1954-1972); retired (Torquay, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''CATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lester Evans Catford|Catford, Lester Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDD8-RCB] - 1911(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LC Gladstone (1931-1939, 1947); 5LC Adelaide (Malvern, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 789, 1931, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 357, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Lance Maynard Catford|Catford, Lance Maynard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQR-K2W] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5XL Clare (1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2372, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: share farmer (Clare, SA, 1939)

===''CAVANAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Mortimer Cavanagh|Cavanagh, William Mortimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-GPH] - 1908(Vic)-1995(NSW) - Receive Warburton (1923-1924), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925), 2WC Sydney (Potts Point, 1928), 2WC Goulburn (1930), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Williamstown, 1937-1939), 2WC Wauchope (1946-1980+), qualifications: (AOCP 214, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 598, 1942), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2, electoral rolls: sales (Goulburn, 1930; St Kilda, 1931-1934), radio dealer (Wauchope, 1949-1980)
===''CAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Cave|Cave, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB7-G73] - 1898(Eng?)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1925-1926); operator of Wills &amp; Co Receive licence 1924 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 129, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAF Wireless Operator); foundation member Tasmanian Gliding Club (instructor); returned to England 1931; likely Wing Commander RAF in WW2; possibly lost in SE Asia 1942 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CAWTHRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Cawthron|Cawthron, Edward Joseph &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBH-9SX] - 1908(NSW)-1964(SA) - Licences: 2JC Sydney (Concord, 1926-1933; Neutral Bay, 1931; Concord, 1933; Five Dock, 1933); 2VA Sydney (City, 1931); 2EJ Sydney (City, 1931); 5JC Adelaide (Kent Town, 1937-1939); 5JE Adelaide (Somerton, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954; Somerton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 308, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Haberfield, 1943)

===''CECIL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clyde Cecil|Cecil, Clyde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN5-XYG] - 1898(Vic)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6AB Kalgoorlie (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 154, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener, Kalgoorlie) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Kalgoorlie, 1919); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, 1921-1925; Maylands, 1928-1937); metallurgist (Nedlands, 1943); physicist (Nedlands, 1949-1954); school principal (Triggs Island, 1958-1963)

===''CHADWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Howel Chadwick|Chadwick, Richard Howel (Electoral Rolls) or Howell (BMD) &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3PQ-6HH] - 1896(NZ)-1955(Qld) - Licences: 4GU Brisbane (Wilston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1197, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (travelling salesman) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Zillmere, Qld, 1921); salesman (Wilston, Qld, 1925-1954)

===''CHAFFER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Martin Chaffer|Chaffer, Edward Martin &quot;Martin&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1Z-B3P] - 1905(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3XF Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1927); 6XF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1933); 2AEK Sydney (Potts Point, 1938); 3MH Hamilton (1947); 3MH Ballarat (1948); 3MH Swan Hill (1954); 3MH Melbourne (Preston, 1955-1956; Moonee Ponds, 1965-1969; Doncaster, 1975-1980) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 354, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 304, 1937; 2COCP 113, 1937; 1COCP 151, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic Essendon, treasurer, 1924), placed 2nd for best complete station Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1924; placed second for best complete station at Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1925; placed 10th in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926; broadcast engineer (3HA, 3BA, 3SH), Dept Civil Aviation 1930s, military (WW2, 1942+) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1936); radio engineer (Hamilton, 1942; Ballarat, 1949; Swan Hill, 1954; Preston, 1963); radio technician (Moonee Ponds, 1967-1968); retired (Doncaster, 1977-1980) - Relationships: father of 3AII Ken Chaffer

===''CHALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Robert Challen|Challen, Peter Robert]] - 1848(Eng)-1905(Vic) - early telephone, telephony &amp; wireless experimenter, employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Electrical Office &amp; Postmaster), radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), associate of Henry Walter Jenvey, William Philip Bechervaise &amp; George Smibert
===''CHALLENDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard Challender|Challender, Gerard &quot;Gerry&quot;]] - 1910(Eng)-1950(NSW) - 2ZS Kempsey, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, high profile participation 1950 Kempsey floods, military (WW2)
===''CHALLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Reginald Challenger|Challenger, George Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3YQ-ZZB] - 1902(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: 2GC Sydney (Auburn, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Auburn, 1930-1935)

===''CHAMBERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rupert Chambers|Chambers, Francis Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYY2-JKX] - 1898(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 247, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Camberwell, 1924-1925); contractor (Geraldton, 1931; Mt Waverley, 1934-1936); linesman (Seaford, 1937; Frankston, 1942); technician (Frankston, 1949; Seaford, 1954); retired (Upwey, 1963; McRae, 1968)
* [[/Walter Alfred Chambers|Chambers, Walter Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3N6-VX1] - 1889(Qld)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 151, 1915; 2COCP 100, 1930; 1COCP 96, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Thursday Island, 1912-1913); radio telegraphist (Wyndham, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Subiaco, 1917); radio telegraphist (Esperance, 1921-1925); officer-in-charge (Geraldton, 1925); radio officer (Como, 1931-1934; Esperance, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Como, 1943-1968)

===''CHANDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Beals Chandler|Chandler, John Beals]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HN-HXH] - 1887(Eng)-1962(Qld) - principal (4BC); proprietor (J. B. Chandler &amp; Co., 1913-1962); Lord Mayor Brisbane (1940-1952); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - don't confuse D. W. Chandler early wireless experimenter - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chandler-sir-john-beals-9724 ADB]
===''CHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Channon|Channon, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BO Receive Inverell (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Lloyd Lister Channon|Channon, Lloyd Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD59-4NS] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Receive Manilla (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Elsmore, 1913); postal official (Raymond Terrace, 1930-1949)

===''CHAPMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Chapman|Chapman, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZYW-3F4] - 1864(NSW)-1926(NSW) - occupations (apprentice saddler, hotelier), politician (Postmaster-General, 1905-1907), oversight of Commonwealth Wireless Telegraphy conference Melbourne 1907 - Links: [[w:Austin Chapman|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chapman-sir-austin-5554 ADB]
* [[/Bruce Amundsen Chapman|Chapman, Bruce Amundsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VL-575] - 1912(WA)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BA Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1958; St Ives, 1960-1969 - Qualifications: AOCP 696, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shipping clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1937); clerk (Balgowlah, 1949-1958; St Ives, 1963-1968)
* [[/E. B. Chapman|Chapman, E. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank William Chapman (Qld)|Chapman, Frank William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC5-KB3] - 1898(???)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4XL Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939); 4ZFC Brisbane (Ekibin, 1965); 4TH Brisbane (Ekibin, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 785, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Salisbury, Qld, 1928); labourer (Yeronga, Qld, 1929-1937); waterside worker (Paddington, Qld, 1943-1949); PMG technician (Ekibin, Qld, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frank William Chapman (WA)|Chapman, Frank William (WA)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBXD-TFK] - 1918(Vic)-1988(WA) - Licences: 6CC Perth (Manning Park, 1954-1965; Bassendean, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3319, 1953, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Chidlow, WA, 1949); teacher (Manning Park, WA, 1954-1963); technical school principal (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1963); teacher (Bassendean, WA, 1968-1977); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1980)
* [[/Harrison Chapman|Chapman, Harrison &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-2C5] - 1909(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3JX Receive Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1922); 3GU Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1929-1939, 1946-1965; Flinders, 1965-1975); 3AGU Portable Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1948-1956; Flinders, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 513, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1AOCP 32, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Ivanhoe, 1931-1936); chemist (Geelong, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942; Ivanhoe, 1949-1954); chemical engineer (Ivanhoe, 1963); minister of religion (Flinders, 1968); clergyman (Flinders, 1972-1977)
* [[/Owen George Chapman|Chapman, Owen George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8YX-YLK] - 1904(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2OC Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 669, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wyong, 1930-1958)
* [[/Percival Carnew Lamont Chapman|Chapman, Percival Carnew Lamont &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-5M8] - 1911(Qld)-2008(Qld) - 4PC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1933); 4PC Babinda (1937-1939); 4PC Monto (1946-1975); 4PC Point Vernon (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1155, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); occupation (power house engineer/manager) - Relationships: father of Geoff Chapman 4CET - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1943; Monto, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Point Vernon, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Chapman|Chapman, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZ2X-8KG] - 1890(Tas)-1957(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 116, 1915; 1COCP 63, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal wireless operator; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1925); officer-in-charge (Radio Station Applecross, 1931-1954)

===''CHAPPELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Arthur Chappell|Chappell, Lloyd Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69G-SB9] - 1911(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7LC Ross (1936-1937); 7LC Winnaleah (1938-1939); 7LC Hobart (Kingston, 1947-1955; Sandy Bay, 1956-1975; Coles Bay, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1828, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 172, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ross, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Queenstown, 1943; Kingston, 1949-1958)

===''CHARLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Charles|Charles, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QC-V3V] - 1916(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5YQ Adelaide (North Unley, 1935-1939; Unley, 1947-1948; Ascot Park, 1954-1956; Hyde Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1443, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Unley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CHARLESWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Denison Charlesworth|Charlesworth, Reginald Denison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW1M-CKJ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2CI Receive Sydney (Haberfield, 1922); 2CI Sydney (Haberfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: migrated to Fiji mid 1920s, returned to Australia mid 1930s - Electoral Rolls: factory manager (Summer Hill, 1933); engineer (Haberfield, 1935-1937); Lane Cove, 1943); radio engineer (Dee Why, 1949-1954); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1958-1972)

===''CHARTERIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Charteris|Charteris, Michael]] - 4QS Ipswich &amp; Maryborough - amateur operator, historian (amateur)

===''CHATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Greatham Chatfield|Chatfield, Robert Greatham &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK92-9L1] - 1900(NZ)-1974(NZ) - Licences: ZL2AV Wellington (1925-1954+) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 1925, No. ?? in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clubs (Wellington Amateur Radio Club 2WB, member and one time president) - Relationships: father of Don Chatfield ZL2SG - Comment: substantial early portion (100+) of QSL collection survives - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wellington, 1922); salesman (Wellington, 1931-1954); retired (Wellington, 1963-1972)
===''CHATTERTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Chatterton|Chatterton, Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZWW-952] - 1902(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: 7AY Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Hobart, 1925-1928)
===''CHAUVEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Temple Frank Chauvel|Chauvel, Walter Temple Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH5T-WNQ] - 1902(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Stanthorpe (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1925-1928); grazier (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1928-1943); radio engineer (Texas, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (East Ballina, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''CHEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Reginald Cheel|Cheel, Charles Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N1J-PTC] - 1890(Vic)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5CR Adelaide (Maylands, 1934-1939, 1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1278, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CHENNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Chennell|Chennell, Victor &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBH-1XV] - 1907(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5JH Adelaide (Norwood, 1927-1933; Cowandilla, 1937-1939; North Adelaide, 1946-1956; Ascot Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 346, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer? (Goodwood Park, 1939)

===''CHESSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chessell|Chessell, John or John Carl]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN16-XWP]? [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2M1-9GS]? - 1914(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2LV Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1929-1934); 2YU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1935-1936; Ashfield, 1937-1939); 2ER Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 517, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Croydon, 1936; Bowral, 1937-1954) - seems to be two contemporaneous John Chessel's
===''CHESTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Chesterfield|Chesterfield, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVH-3SK] - 1895(Vic)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Wayville, 1924-1926); 2ACQ Sydney (Strathfield, 1937-1939); 4HJ Brisbane (Cleveland, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 23, 1914; 1COCP 266, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Croydon, NSW, 1930); radio engineer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1931-1935); department manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1935); radio engineer (Strathfield, 1936; Pymble, NSW, 1943; Cleveland, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''CHICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Garth Chick|Chick, Leonard Garth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SW-7PJ] - 1918(Tas)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 7LG Launceston (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1973, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 227, 1939; 2COCP 550, 1941; 1COCP 1264, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Swan Point, 1944); aeradio operator (Lindisfarne, 1949); technician (Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954); draftsman (East Keilor, 1963-1968); surveyor (Forster, 1977-1980)
===''CHILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Oliver Chilton|Chilton, Frederick Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-XFL] - 1905(NSW)-2007(NSW)102yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Wahroonga, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 147, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur receive operator; military (Brigadier); awards (Knighted) - Relationships: brother of 2RC Robert Ralph Chilton - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1943); civil servant (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1967); retired (Clareville Beach, NSW, 1972-1980) - Links: [[w:Frederick Oliver Chilton|Wikipedia]]
* [[/George Frederick Chilton|Chilton, George Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3CR-41Q] - 1891(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 2GF Sydney (Pennant Hills, 1924; Carlingford, 1925); 4GD Townsville (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 160, 1915; 1COCP 10, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal operator (VIG, VIB, VIS, VIT, Rockbank); wireless telegraphist (PMG); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917); federal public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1919-1921); radio stationmaster (South Townsville, Qld, 1925; Glenferrie, 1927; Wireless Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1942); engineer (St Kilda, 1949-1954)
* [[/Robert Ralph Chilton|Chilton, Robert Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-821] - 1907(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1925-1926); 2RC Gloucester (1927); 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1928-1939, 1946-1947; Roseville East, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 152, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist assistant (Wahroonga, 1933); chemist (Stanthorpe, 1954-1963; Sherwood, Qld, 1972) - Relationships: brother of Frederick Oliver Chilton

===''CHINERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jessie Camelia Chinery|Chinery or Chinnery, Jessie Camelia]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMP-6NZ] - 1915(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6JC Perth (Welshpool, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1866, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: not stated (Welshpool, WA, 1937) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''CHIPPINDALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Kellett Chippindall|Chippindall, Eric Kellett &quot;Chippy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFCB-MNZ] - 1916(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939); 4XR Gympie (1946-1969); 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1940, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4SB, 4BU, 4LG, 4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1949); announcer-engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1954-1958); shopkeeper (Paddington, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''CHISHOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham St Clair Chisholm|Chisholm, Graham St Clair]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX47-TTR] - 1915(Qld)-2002(WA) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933); 3ACG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1947-1948); 5PG Darwin (1955-1956); 1AB Canberra (Canberra City, 1960; Ainslie, 1965); 6IB Perth (Dalkeith, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1101, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 18, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (3SR, Shepparton, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1954); broadcaster (Reid, ACT, 1958; Ainslie, ACT, 1963; Dalkeith, WA, 1968-1972); manager (Nedlands, 1977-1980)

===''CHITHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Chitham|Chitham, William Norman &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-KJK] - 1912(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4UU Brisbane (Bulimba, 1933-1934; Fortitude Valley 1937-1939; Cannon Hill, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 913, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor, QSL officer); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; military (WW2) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cannon Hill, 1949-1963); buyer (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''CHRISMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Chrismas|Chrismas, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YC-FC2] - 1892(NSW)-1950(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 250, 1916; 1COCP 31, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916); wireless operator (Wyndham, 1917; Applecross, 1925); radio telegraphist (Broome, 1931; Geraldton, 1936-1949)

===''CLAFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keighran James Claffey|Claffey, Keighran James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84R-LLP] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AK Deniliquin (1928-1939); 2AK Picton (1946); 2AK Deniliquin (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 459, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarrandale, 1949; Deniliquin, 1954; Yarrandale, 1958-1963); retired (Deniliquin, 1977-1980)
===''CLARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Clark|Clark, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-CJH] - 1903(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3FC Rainbow (1928); 3FC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933; Elwood, 1937; St Kilda, 1938); 3FC Mildura (1946-1947); 3FC Ouyen (1948-1960); 3FC Geelong (Leopold, 1969; Clifton Springs, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 426, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal official (Rainbow, 1925); postal clerk (Rainbow, 1928); clerk (St Kilda, 1931-1937); senior postal clerk (Red Cliffs, 1942); postmaster (Ouyen, 1949-1954); retired (Clifton Springs, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank P. R. Clark|Clark, Frank P. R.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFG-WRN] - 1900(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924); 2YF Sydney (Manly, 1925) - Qualifications: AOCP 122, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: gone too soon
* [[/Leopold Francis Clark|Clark, Leopold Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273Q-3D5] - 1902(Tas)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7CK Natone (1932-1939); 7CK Burnie (1946-1948); Deloraine (1954-1969); Lanena (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 989, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Natone, 1928-1936; Burnie, 1943-1949); grazier (Needles, 1954; Deloraine, 1963)
===''CLARKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Fraser Clarke|Clarke, Percival Fraser &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ3-4J2] - 1896(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4PY Ayr (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1781, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jarvisfield, Qld, 1919-1937; Aspley, Qld, 1949-1972)
* [[/Warren Ross Clarke|Clarke, Warren Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NT-LSN] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Mosman,1930-1933; Asquith, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 650, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 6, 1934; 1COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Asquith, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1936); radio officer (Mosman, 1943); flight radio officer (Mosman, 1949-1954); clerk (Glenbrook, 1963); travel consultant (Glenbrook, 1972); clerk (Merrylands, 1972); planner (North Rocks, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Clarke|Clarke, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ2-1QS] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 32, 1930 - RANRS (temp Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: several contemporaneous WGCs - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Townsville, 1916); seaman (HMAS Encounter, Geelong, 1919); biograph operator (Langwarrin Military Camp, Vic, 1919); hotel manager (Naval Base Hotel, South Fremantle, 1931)

===''CLAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard George Clay|Clay, Richard George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZZ-LGN] - 1903(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RC Melbourne (Northcote, 1929; Alphington, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 536, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Northcote, 1925-1927); welder (Northcote, 1928); electric welder (Alphington, 1931); welder (Richmond, 1936-1937; Alphington, 1942; Northcote, 1949); contractor (Traralgon, 1954-1972) 
===''CLAYTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maisie Ian Jesson Clayton|Rawson nee Clayton, Maisie Ian Jesson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RT-25P] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 488, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio worker (Artarmon, 1937); engineer (Kirribilli, 1949); radio engineer (Lane Cove, 1954-1963); engineer (Lane Cove, 1968-1972); home duties (Lane Cove, 1977-1980) - Lady:
* [[/Maurice Charles Clayton|Clayton, Maurice Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86J-HX3] - 1912(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1930-1931); 5ZC Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 596, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon (24yo)
* [[/Walter George Gladstone Clayton|Clayton, Walter George Gladstone &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3XN-J1N] - 1918(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4WG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4WG Brisbane (Windsor, 1946-1969); 4WG Townsville (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1868, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF Signals); state public servant (Qld Railways, supervising tech. comms.) - Relationships: uncle of Maise Ian Jesson Rawson nee Clayton (Radio Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Windsor, 1954-1968); technician (Townsville, 1972-1980)

===''CLIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Cliff|Cliff, Harry]] - 1908(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HC Melbourne (Essendon, 1928-1948; Heidelberg, 1954-1975); 3HC Point Lonsdale (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 400, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: implement maker (Moonee Ponds, 1906); engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1928); clerk (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); company secretary (North Melbourne, 1943); director (Ivanhoe, 1954-1968; Heidelberg, 1972); retired (Point Lonsdale, 1977-1980) (pre 1928 is another Harry Cliff)
===''CLIFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Glendenning Clifford|Clifford, Herbert Glendenning]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTS-4CN] - 1882(Eng)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5BW Receive Renmark (1923); Receive Renmark (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Renmark, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CLINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gladstone Clinch|Clinch, Frederick Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5P-TWM] - 1898(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6JR Greenough (1928-1933); 6FG Miling (1960); 6FG Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 468, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Greenough, 1922-1943); garage proprietor (Miling, 1958); retired (Doubleview, 1963-1972) - Relationships: Father of 6CL Ian Harold Wilson Clinch
* [[/Ian Harold Wilson Clinch|Clinch, Ian Harold Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQX-YS1] - 1926(WA)-19??(WA) - Licences: 6CL Miling (1960-1965); 6CL Dandaragan (1969); 6CL Rossmoyne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3596, 1957 - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Leederville, 1949); manager (Miling, 1958-1963); radio technician (Dongara, 1968); technician (Rossmoyne, 1972-1980) - Relationships: son of 6JR-6FG Frederick Gladstone Clinch

===''CLOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alvin Theodore Closs|Closs, Alvin Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-HG7] - 1895(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: V750 Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922); 3GV Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Brighton, 1917); storekeeper (Olinda, 1924-1931); salesman (Olinda, 1934-1937); civil servant (Tunstall, 1943-1954); retired (Yarra Junction, 1963-1972)
===''CLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Edward Clough|Clough, James Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 483, 1929, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - several contemporaneous JECs

===''COADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Coade|Coade, Ernest]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rutherglen, 1914); mechanic (Thursday Island, 1919)
===''COAKLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas James Coakley|Coakley, Thomas James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX24-W7T] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: 5UK Adelaide (Unley, 1933-1939); 3IU Melbourne (Camberwell, 1947; Essendon, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1105, 1933, No. ?? in SA, 3COCP 61, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: aero fitter (Auburn, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1943; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1980)

===''COALTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Coalter|Coalter, Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSR-STB] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 1, 1914 - ship wireless operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''COATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Melbourne Coates|Coates, Alfred Melbourne or Melbourne Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-MCZ] - 1884(???)-1964(Vic) - Licences: V757 Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922); 3GG Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (USA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1921-1937; Kalorama, 1943-1954)

===''COFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Freeman Coffey|Coffey, Henry Freeman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3QL-BR1] - 1885(Irl)-1934(NSW) - Licences: 4KY Brisbane (Doomben, 1925-1926; Hamilton, 1927); 2ZY Sydney (Willoughby, 1929; Maroubra, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 52, 1915; 1COCP 12, 1930 - Halycyon: AOCP Brisbane 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless operator (Marconi, White Star, Booth Steamship, Iquitos Steamship, Union Castle); RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal operator (CRS, PMGD, AWA); federal public servant - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Middle Park, Vic, 1919); engineer (Malvern East, 1922-1924); radiostation master (Thursday Island, 1925); wireless operator (Doomben, Qld, 1925-1928); engineer (Chatswood, 1930); wireless mechanic (Maroubra, 1930-1934)

===''COHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derrick Cohen|Cohen, Derek or Derrick Simeon &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCF-DR7] - 1914(Eng)-2010(NSW) - Licences: 2YM Sydney (Dobroyd Point, 1932-1933; Kings Cross, 1933; Clovelly, 1934-1936); 4YM Brisbane (City, 1937-1939); 1YM Macquarie Island (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 238, 1930; AOCP 1011, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West End, Qld, 1943); technician (Coburg, Vic, 1954); television producer (Chatswood, NSW, 1963; Little Wallaby Beach, NSW, 1977)

===''COLEBATCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Vincent Colebatch|Colebatch, Ernest Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Q2-974] - 1905(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5CG Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Belair, SA, 1939-1941)

===''COLESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Russell Coleston|Coleston, Stanley Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-KQL] - 1913(Vic)-2012(Qld) - Licences: 3XK Melbourne (Middle Park, 1930-1931; Gardenvale, 1933; Glenhuntly, 1937-1939, 1946-1955); 9XK Port Moresby (1956-1960); 3AXK Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969); 4XA Brisbane (Geebung, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 688, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Glenhuntly, 1936-1942; Caulfield East, 1949-1954); public servant (Mt Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Geebung, 1977-1980)

===''COLLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Felton Collard|Collard, Cyril John Felton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97X9-6VY] - 1896(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2CF Maitland West (1927-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 362, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 540, 1941; BOCP 541, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lorn, 1930-1963); retired (North Maitland, 1968)
===''COLLINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Joseph Collins|Collins, Clarence Henry Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1Y1-GB1] - 1891(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5FC Adelaide (Marryatville, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1043, 1932, SA; BOCP 29, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Marryatville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''COLLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Andrew Collis|Collis, George Andrew]] - 1869(Tas)-1926(Tas) - Receive Hobart, radio clubs (Tasmanian Radio Club, foundation member, 1922+), electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1921) - potential misidentification, George Arthur Collis, Radio Research Club, Hobart, witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927
* [[/Ralph Collis|Collis, Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-48N] - 1918(WA)-2013(WA)105yo - Licences: 6LY Perth (Bayswater, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1454, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bayswater, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); proprietor (Cadoux, WA, 1963; Tuart Hill, WA, 1968); business proprietor (Dianella, WA, 1972-1977); proprietor (Bedford, WA, 1980)

===''COLTHEART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Coltheart|Coltheart, Clarence James]] - 1885(Tas)-1962(Tas) - Licences: 7BF Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, Vic, 1913-1914; Queenstown, 1922-1954)
===''COLTHRUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Colthrup|Colthrup, James Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBW8-J4Z] - 1908(Vic)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 3PL Melbourne (Clifton Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1368, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 374, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, Wireless &amp; Gunnery School) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1931); engineer (Clifton Hill, 1937); airman (Clifton Hill, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/623876]
===''COLVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Victor Colville|Colville, Sydney Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3WQ-S78] - 1894(Vic)-1966(NSW) - Licences: XQF Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913); 2FA Receive Sydney (1922); 2FA Sydney (1923-1925); 2VH Sydney (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wireless retail business proprietor (Colville Moore) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloongabba, 1917; Chelmer, 1919-1921); broker (Bowen Hills, 1922); manufacturer (Drummoyne, NSW, 1930-1933); merchant (Lane Cove, 1935-1936); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1936-1937); company director (Glenbrook, 1943-1963)

===''CONDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Sylvester Condon|Condon, Austin Sylvester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RG-K2K] - 1924(SA)-2011(SA) - Licences: 5WO Laura (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3012, 1949, SA - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil [https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/obituaries-tributes-to-three-of-our-finest/news-story/845c3a27d81fd8a8f4bbe436503a9b1e Obit]
===''CONDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Tasman Conder|Conder, Walter Tasman &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CJ-DTS] - 1888(Tas)-1974(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as General Manager, BCA, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Launceston, 1914); soldier (Langwarrin Military Camp, 1918-1921; Melbourne, 1924); secretarial (Melbourne, 1925-1928); entrepreneur (Melbourne, 1931-1937); secretary (Melbourne, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/conder-walter-tasman-5747 ADB]
===''CONGDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bert Congdon|Congdon, Bert &quot;Bertie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VVJ-CMW] - 1891(Vic)-1961(WA) - 6BA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923-1924), 6BC Perth (Subiaco, 1927-1939, 1946-1960), amateur operator (AOCP 382, 1927, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW1, civil servant (Subiaco, 1925-1958)
===''CONNELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dermot Anthony Connelly|Connelly, Dermot Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L5-2VC] - 1903(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3BU Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922); 3BU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925); 3ADK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1948; Ivanhoe, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Caulfield, 1927-1936); Air Force officer (St Kilda, 1937); nil (Frankston, 1949); photographer (Ivanhoe, 1954-1963)
===''CONNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilson Connon|Connon, George Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-8Z2] - 1907(Sct)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5KJ Booleroo (1937-1939); 5KJ Yunta (1947); 5KJ Alice Springs (1948-1954); 5KJ Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1955-1956); 5KJ Port Lincoln (1960); 5KJ Berri (1965-1969); 5KJ Barmera (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1991, 1937, SA; 2COCP 336, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pensioner (Millswood East, SA, 1939); bookkeeper (Port Augusta, SA, 1941-1948); radio technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1949-1954)

===''CONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emmett Bernard Connor|Connor, Emmett Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-L7Q] - 1913(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4CE Gindie (1936); 4OC Longreach (1956); 4OC Fernlees (1960); 4OC Brisbane (Aspley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; BOCP 280, 1940; 3COCP 5529, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing shed hand (Gindie, Qld, 1936); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Longreach, Qld, 1943-1949); business Manager (Cramsie, Longreach, Qld, 1954-1958); grazier (&quot;Ronnoc Downs&quot;, Fernlees, Qld, 1958-1963; Aspley, Qld, 1963-1977)
* [[/Laurance Kingsley Connor|Connor, Laurance Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2GD-KPT] - 1907(NSW)-1950(NSW) - 2LK Sydney (Belmore, 1925-1926), 2ALC Sydney (Lakemba, 1948; Cammeray, 1950), amateur operator (AOCP 68, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 881, 1925; 2COCP 199, 1930; 1COCP 220, 1939), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Stephen James Connor|Connor, Stephen James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH4J-FP4] - 1894(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 235, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1917); electrical engineer (Strathfield, NSW, 1930; Lismore, NSW, 1933); electrician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1934; Strathfield, NSW, 1936-1963); retired (Lapstone, NSW, 1972)
* [[/Terence Connor|Connor, Terence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-3DV] - 1916(Tas)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 7CT Hobart (Rokeby, 1936-1939; City, 1946-1948); 7CT Huonville (1954-1960); 7CT Hobart (Bellerive, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1643, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: auto-electrician (New Town, 1943; Hobart North, 1949); manager (Huonville, 1949-1954); sales rep. (Bellerive, 1963-1977)

===''CONRAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Ernest Conrad|Conrad, Raymond Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSP2-VGS] - 1905(Tas)-1977(Tas) - Licences: 2TR Sydney (Bexley, 1930-1937; Rockdale, 1938-1939); 7TR Hobart (Derwent Park, 1947; Moonah, 1948-1956; Berriedale, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 651, 1930, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 308, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: battery fitter (Bexley, 1930); storeman (Bexley, 1931-1934); clerk (Bexley, 1935-1936; Rockdale, 1937); purchasing officer (Cameray, 1943); radio manufacturer (Moonah, 1949-1954); engineer (Hospital, Rosetta, 1963)
===''CONRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Conry|Conry, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-HCR] - 1892(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 3OK Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1925); 3CO Melbourne (Brighton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 260, 1916; 1COCP 44, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (Merchant Marine); RANRS; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD Vic) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1919; Armadale, 1921-1924); inspector (Brighton, 1925-1937); radio inspector (South Brisbane, 1943-1949); postal official (St Lucia, 1954-1958)
===''CONWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn Laurence Dean Conway|Conway, Mervyn Laurence Dean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MH-GHZ] - 1912(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7CL Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1960); 7CL Hobart (West Hobart, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1684, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Nelson, 1936); school teacher (Launceston East, 1937); teacher (Devonport, 1943; New Town, 1949-1958)

===''COOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Byron Cook|Cook, Ernest Byron &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M46M-M3J] - 1902(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3CK Tresco (1926-1927); 3CK Kerang (1931); 3EC Swan Hill (1938-1939); 3EC Melbourne (Coburg, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 295, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Swan Hill, 1937-1942)
* [[/Victor Roy Percival Cook|Cook, Victor Roy Percival &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYJG-6C6] - 1899(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: XVN Adelaide (1913-1914); S099 Adelaide (1920s); 5AC Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1927; Rose Park, 1928-1931; Kilkenny, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Woodville, 1954-1975; Somerton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 94, 1925, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: analyst (Kilkenny, 1939-1943)
===''COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive J. Cooke|Cooke, Clive J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4CC Brisbane (Chermside, -1952+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
* [[/Frank Basil Cooke|Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7Q6-TN8] - 1892(SA)-1967(NSW) - XADW Sydney (1913), 2LI Sydney (1922-1924), 2XQ Receive Sydney (1923), 2DJ Sydney (Northbridge, 1924-1931; Mosman, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP; AOCP 39, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA NSW, vice-president 1923)
* [[/Frederick William Cooke|Cooke, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB8-V6L] - 1906(Eng)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Footscray, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 311, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: meter tester (Footscray, 1926-1949)
===''COOKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Cookson|Cookson, Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YD-87L] - 1889(Eng)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 201, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); no occupation (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Northbridge, 1949-1963; Bexley, NSW, 1968)
* [[/Joseph George Cookson|Cookson, Joseph George &quot;George&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGCW-Z8N] - 1888(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 862, 1925; 2COCP 21, 1929; 1COCP 34, 1930 - RANRS (1919), AWA - Relationships: Father of Leonard Kenneth Cookson - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Crossover, Vic, 1912-1913; Bacchus Marsh, 1914-1915); mechanic (Alphington, 1917); engineer (Cooktown, 1919); radio engineer (Radio Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1930-1935; Croydon, NSW, 1943-1958) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]
* [[/Leonard Kenneth Cookson|Cookson, Leonard Kenneth &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ8-JHV] - 1917(Vic)-2005(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - AWA - Relationships: Son of Joseph George Cookson - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Concord, NSW, 1943); electrical fitter (Croydon, 1943-1954; Glebe, 1958; Blacktown, 1963-1980) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]

===''COOLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Cooling|Cooling, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVZL-GSC] - 1885(Qld)-1936(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Toowoomba (1924-1927) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 11, 1924, No. 3 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (Toowoomba, 1924), (Halcyon P. 4) - Comment: A tragic end to a productive life - TroveTag: &quot;4BN - Ernest Richard Cooling&quot; - Electoral Rolls: letter carrier (Toowoomba, 1908); telegraphist (Bowen, 1912); postal assistant (Toowoomba, 1913-1930)
===''COOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Saint Coombe|Coombe, Geoffrey Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-TXS] - 1913(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5ML Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1931-1939; Croydon, 1947-1948; Brooklyn Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 756, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5MR Jack Robert Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, 1941)
* [[/Jack Robert Saint Coombe|Coombe, Jack Robert Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-T3C] - 1910(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5MR Adelaide (Stirling West, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2923, 1949, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5ML Geoffrey Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, SA, 1941); electrical mechanic (Mt Lofty, SA, 1943)

===''COOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edwin Charles Cooper|Cooper, Alfred Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV9-9GK] - 1904(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2AL Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1926); 2UO Sydney (Northbridge, 1947-1950); 2AUO Sydney (Yacht Asgard, 1948-1960); 4AY Surfers Paradise (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 180, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 626, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fruit merchant (Ashfield, 1931); director (Northbridge, 1943-1958); company director (Clareville, 1963-1977)
* [[/Eric Cooper|Cooper, Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1M-WC4] - 1925(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 870, 1960, Tas - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Evandale, 1949); radio technician (Evandale, 1954)
* [[/Ernest Edward Cooper|Cooper, Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5F-RLJ] - 1905(Tas)-1951(Tas) - Licences: 7MK Launceston (Youngtown, 1926-1927); 7MC Launceston (City, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 261, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 151, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: may be related to 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1975) Eric Cooper  - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Ulverstone, 1936; Launceston East, 1943; Launceston West, 1949) 
* [[/Harold More Cooper|Cooper, Harold More or Harold Moore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ58-SJP] - 1886(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923-1925); 5HG Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 257, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; submarine cable telegraphist; archaeologist; historian - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cooper-harold-more-9821 ADB]
* [[/James Herbert Cooper|Cooper, James Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVTJ-14B] - 1914(NSW)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2ZG Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1930-1939 - Qualifications: AOCP 701, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Crows Nest, 1936-1943); broker (Mosman, 1949); stock and sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1949-1968); sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1972); broker (St Ives, 1977-1980)

===''CORDINGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harold Cordingley|Cordingley, Charles Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJK-SB4] - 1892(Eng)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ararat, 1913); electrical engineer (Flemington, 1915-1919); engineer (Ascot Vale, 1921-1954)
===''CORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert James Core|Core, Herbert James &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PF-R2Q] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4HC Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2012, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 392, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; formerly Sydney - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1929); assistant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949; Camp Hill, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''CORNELIUS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Edward Cornelius|Cornelius, Eric Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7P-2MD] - 1916(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6EC Albany (1936-1939); 6EC Kalgoorlie (1947-1948); 6EC Wagin (1954-1955); 6EC Perth (Inglewood, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1635, 1936, WA; TVOCP 200, 1959 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Station 6WA, Wagin, 1949-1954; Inglewood, WA, 1958-1977)

===''CORNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Cameron Corney|Corney, Kenneth Cameron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-2MB] - 1899(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: V755 Receive Bairnsdale (1922); 3GY Receive Bairnsdale (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gogeldrie, NSW, 1949); grazier (Metung, Vic, 1963-1980)

===''COTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alfred Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNH3-P9L] - 1897(SA)-1973(SA) - Licences: XVS Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5HY Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1926-1928; Colonel Light Gardens, 1931; Kilburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 270, 1926, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA SA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Semaphore, 1939); clerk (Findon, 1943)
* [[/Arthur Tylney Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Tylney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7G8-SGG] - 1884(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive Spring Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kelvedon, 1914-1963)
* [[/Leith Simpson Cotton|Cotton, Leith Simpson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR2-12K] - 1905(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5LG Adelaide (Burnside, 1932-1933); 5LG Iron Knob (1937-1939); 5LG Adelaide (Clarence Gardens, 1946-1948; Parkholme, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1023, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Iron Knob, 1939-1941)

===''COTTRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Morgan Cottrell|Cottrell, Joseph William Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VLW-L1Y] - 1897(NSW)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 2ZF Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1923); 2ZN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1925; Coogee, 1926-1930; Maroubra Junction, 1931; Dundas, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Carlingford, 1948-1950); 2ADX Sydney (Dundas/Portable, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 367, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 1, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coogee, 1930); broadcaster (Dundas, 1933-1934); radio operator (Dundas, 1936-1943); technician (Carlingford, 1949)

===''COUCHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Clyde McGregor Couchman|Couchman, Clifford Clyde McGregor &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQLS-T4D] - 1907(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4KZ Kaimkillenbun (1930-1939); 4KZ Dalby (1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 151, 1930; COCP 1st Class Marconi School (Halcyon) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Navy, wireless officer); broadcast technician (PMGD, 4QS); business proprietor (electrical &amp; radio, Dalby) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Kaimkillenbun, 1930-1937); engineer (Dalby, 1943-1963); electrical engineer (Dalby, 1968)
===''COULTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Maxwell Coulter|Coulter, Jack Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-MXK] - 1912(SA)-1985(???) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1937); 3MV Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939); 5JD Adelaide (Ashford, 1947-1948; Ackland Gardens, 1954-1960); 5JK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1712, 1936, SA; 2COCP 812, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Caulfield West, Vic, 1937); RAN (Port Melbourne, Vic, 1943)

===''COUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Couper|Couper, Andrew &quot;Andy&quot; Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6R8-R1T] - 1893(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: XQM Mareeba (1914); 4BW Mareeba (1923-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 71, 1925, No. 5 in Qld - early wireless experimenter (1914 &amp; likely earlier unlicensed); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: iron moulder (Mareeba, 1913-1932); engineer (Mareeba, 1936-1958)

===''COURT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Court|Court, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-Q5T] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4CT Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Bayswater, Qld, 1925-1936; Kedron, Qld, 1937-1958)
* [[/Thomas Palmer Court|Court, Thomas Palmer Jnr]] - 1895(Vic)-1976(NSW) - XNY Melbourne (Malvern, 1913-1914), 3BO Melbourne (Malvern, 1922), 3TC Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1927), early wireless experimenter (CPRT 211, 1916), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic, secretary, 1919-1920+), employment (radio salesman, 1928; STC, chief design engineer, 1954), IRE Aust (president, 1950-1951), father also named Thomas Palmer Court (1861, Vic - 1944, NSW)

===''COUSENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Light Reynolds Cousens|Cousens, Harold Light Reynolds]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDG9-3SK] - 1888(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N743 Receive Summer Hill (1922); 2HW Receive Summer Hill (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Tamworth, 1930-1963)
===''COUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Stuart Coutts|Coutts, Edwin Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-698] - 1893(Qld)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4BZ Receive Dalby (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Dalby, 1919-1937); garage proprietor (Dalby, 1943)

===''COWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christian Nesbit Cowan|Cowan, Christian Nesbit]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-6QW] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2PZ Aberdare (1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 613, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 486, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Aberdare, 1930-1963; Cessnock, 1968-1980)

===''COX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Grafton Cox|Cox, Allan (birth) or Allen (census) Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHWX-5XH] - 1892(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 120, 1915; 2COCP 103, 1930; 1COCP 347, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Rockhampton, 1914; Pinkenba, 1916-1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1921-1922; South Yarra, 1926-1927); O.I.C. (Cooktown, 1925; Thursday Island, 1930); radio officer (Clayfield, 1934); O.I.C. (Townsville, 1936-1937); engineer (Rockbank, 1942); wireless officer (Kangaroo Point, 1943; Hendra, Qld, 1949-1958); radio officer (Hendra, 1963-1977)
* [[/Erle Harold Cox|Cox, Erle Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8Z-RG2] - 1903(Tas)-1989(ACT) - Licences: 3BD Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922); 3BD Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1933); 2EP Canberra (Forrest, 1934-1935); 2GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1946-1955); 1GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1956-1965; Mawson, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 245, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist, president Press Gallery, Parliament House 1953 - Awards: O.B.E. for contribution to journalism in Australia 1953 - Relationships: son of Erle Cox, science fiction author [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cox-erle-5799] - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Caulfield, 1931; Gardiner, 1936; Forrest, 1937; Red Hill, 1943-1968; Mawson, 1972-1980)
* [[/Harold Cox|Cox, Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GQ-2RT] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 17, 1914; 1COCP 35, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: several contemporaneous Harold Cox
===''COXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Wooton Coxon|Coxon, Robert Wooton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-HVL] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6RW Northam (1924-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 30, 1924, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer, NT Gov (Director of Mines, 1947); WW2 - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6AG Wally Coxon - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cheltenham, SA, 1943); civil servant (Alice Springs, 1949-1954)
* [[/Walter Ernest Stanley Coxon|Coxon, Walter Ernest Stanley &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY8-JBS] - 1891(NSW)-1968(WA) - Licences: XYK Perth (Maylands, 1913); 6AG Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1925-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939; Bayswater, 1946-1947; Darlington, 1948-1960; Claremont, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 124, 1925, No. ?? in WA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (6WF) - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6RW Robert Wooton Coxon - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Maylands, 1914); engineer (Maylands, 1925-1937); radio engineer (East Perth, 1943; Darlington, 1949-1958); retired (Claremont, 1963-1968) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199311.pdf EA0] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199404.pdf] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199405.pdf EA2]

===''CRAIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith William Craig|Craig, Keith William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNB-7FD] - 1921(NSW)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 2AJV Newcastle (Stockton, 1938-1939); 2EP Newcastle (New Lambton, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2102, 1938, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Stockton, 1943); fitter (Lambton, 1949; New Lambton, 1958-1980)
* [[/Walter Archibald Craig|Craig, Walter Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7X4] - 1907(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2XI Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2XI Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 220, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Croydon, 1930-1954)
===''CRAMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warne Hutton Cramond|Cramond, Warne Hutton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XQB-N2G] - 1898(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2KJ Sydney (Lane Cove, 1928-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 397, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lane Cove, 1930-1949)
===''CRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Rae Cran|Cran, Morris Rae]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-B1J] - 1901(Qld)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 4KX Brisbane (West End, 1930-1939); 2MR Sydney (Rockdale, 1946-1947; Randwick, 1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 570, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West End, 1925-1937); accountant (Bondi, 1943); company secretary (Ranswick, 1954; Coogee, 1958)

===''CRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Layman William Victor Cranch|Cranch, Layman William Victor &quot;Lay&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1993(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer, journalist (editor, Australian Radio and Electronics, 1951), business (manager, Kingsley)
===''CRAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Bruce Cameron Craw|Craw, Russell Bruce Cameron &quot;Bruce&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF2Q-54Y] - 1901(Tas)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 7BC Burnie (1930-1933); 3BC Melbourne (1933-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 671, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Burnie, 1922; North Melbourne, 1924; Burnie, 1928); sales (Middle Park, Vic, 1935)
===''CRAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Thomas Crawford|Crawford, Cedric Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-42L] - 1905(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2YC Sydney (Burwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Burwood, 1930-1933); engineer (Captain's Flat, 1937-1943); mechanical engineer (Broken Hill South, 1954-1963); engineer (St Ives, 1968-1972)
* [[/John Murray Crawford|Crawford, John Murray]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief engineer PMGD, involved establishment of first ABC stations), don't confuse with William Tamillas Stephen Crawford
* [[/William Tamillas Stephen Crawford|Crawford, William Tamillas Stephen &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;W.T.S.C.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G738-35N] - 1880(Vic)-1962(NSW) - state public servant (P&amp;TD, Tas); senior federal public servant (PMGD, radio inspector); RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: don't confuse with John Murray Crawford

===''CREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Creamer|Creamer, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XK-965] - 1903(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2UR Sydney (Glebe Point, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Orange, 1930-1932); electrical engineer (Brewarrina, 1933; Henty, 1934-1935; Grose Vale, 1937; Richmond, 1943-1968)
===''CREDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter John Credlin|Credlin, Peter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-SH8] - 1938(Vic)-1984(NSW) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1954); engineer (Malvern, 1963; Lower Templestowe, 1967-1980)
===''CRESSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Gillespie Cresswell|Cresswell, Frank Gillespie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR45-Q56] - 1880(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3GI Melbourne (East Kew, 1924-1925; Camberwell, 1926-1927); Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - federal public service (PMGD); military (Commonwealth Naval Militia, engineer sublieutenant); RANRS (Radio Commander, terminated Nov 1920) - not to be confused with William Rooke '''Creswell''' - Electoral Rolls: instrument fitter (Camberwell, 1903-1906); Engineer-Lieutenant RAN (Prahran, 1912); naval officer (St Kilda, 1914); lieutenant RAN (Hawthorn, 1915-1919); RAN (Kew, 1922-1924); commandant RAN (Frankston, 1928-1934); naval officer (Olivers Hill, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1943); retired (Somers, 1949; Mt Eliza, 1954; Frankston, 1963)
* [[/Harry Leslie Cresswell|Cresswell, Harry Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9456-49G] - 1917(Qld)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 4DL Brisbane (Coorparoo, Qld, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified, likely RAN - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, Petty Officer Telegraphist, KIA, HMAS Yarra) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10293831 AWM] [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1690529 Roll of Honour]

===''CRESWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rooke Creswell|Creswell, William Rooke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4L-WRS] - 1852(Gibraltar)-1933(Vic) - early wireless experimenter (Lytton, Moreton Island), military (RAN; Qld Maritime Defence Force, commandant; Commonwealth Naval Forces, commandant) - Generally considered the father of the RAN, not to be confused with Frank Gillespie '''Cresswell''' - Electoral Rolls: naval commandant (South Brisbane, 1903-1905); director (Toorak, 1909-1919) - Links: [[w:William Rooke Creswell|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/creswell-sir-william-rooke-5817 ADB] [https://www.navy.gov.au/biography/vice-admiral-sir-william-rooke-creswell RAN]

===''CRIBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dunmore Foote Cribb|Cribb, Dunmore Foote]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPP-YQH] - 1899(Qld)-1946(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 134, 1925, No. 15 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Indooroopilly, 1921-1943)
===''CRICHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Robert Crichton|Crichton, Stanley Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK76-MZH] - 1893(NZ)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KH East Maitland (1929-1935); 9OU Port Moresby (1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 542, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 100, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (East Maitland, 1930-1935); wireless operator (Maclean, 1936); Radio 2NR (Lawrence, 1937); wireless operator (Ashfield, 1949); PMG technician (Ashfield, 1954-1963)
===''CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cridge, Wilfred Edgar Launder - See Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge

===''CRISP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Charles Crisp|Crisp, Henry Charles &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-5T2] - 1909(NSW)-1996(???) - Licences: 2LX Sydney (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933; Cronulla, 1934-1939, 1946); 2LX Ettalong (1947-1955); 2LX Woy Woy (1956-1961); 2LX Urunga (1965); 2LX Sydney (Cronulla, 1969; Gorokan, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 614, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: &quot;Henry Charles&quot; carrier (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933); radio dealer (Cronulla, 1934-1937); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; examiner (Bondi, 1943); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; no occupation (Ettalong, 1949); &quot;Henry Charles&quot; radio dealer (Ettalong, 1954-1963); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; motel proprietor (Urunga, 1968); manager (Sans Souci, 1972); retired (Cronulla, 1972); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; retired (Gorokan, 1977-1980)

===''CROCKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Edward Crocker|Crocker, Claude Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8R6-RZW] - 1875(USA)-1929(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West Perth, 1922-1925)
* [[/Edward Baker Crocker|Crocker, Edward Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYHX-65B] - 1867(Wales)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2BB Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2BB Sydney (Marrickville, 1922-1930) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 95, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: provision merchant (Marrickville, 1933-1937); retired (Marrickville, 1943-1949); no occupation (Earlwood, 1949-1954)
===''CROME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Keith Crome|Crome, Harry Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZTL-HF9] - 1908(Tas)-1975(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (New Town, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Hobart North, 1936-1954); linotype operator Melbourne (Alphington, 1963-1972) 
===''CROMIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Thomas Cromie|Cromie, Charles Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Z4-73H] - 1883(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager (Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 3UZ) - Electoral Rolls: draper (Maffra, 1903; Korumburra, 1905; East Melbourne, 1909; Maffra, 1912); engineer (East Melbourne, 1914); electrical engineer (Malvern, 1915-1917); engineer (Elsternwick, 1919; Caulfield, 1924-1927); electrical engineer (Melbourne East, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); engineer (Caulfield, 1934); director (Armadale, 1936-1949)
===''CROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Leonard Crooks|Crooks, James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK93-6HV] - 1890(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923-1925); 7BQ Launceston (1925-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 61, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (PMG) - Relationships: father of 3AAC John Peter Crooks - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914; Launceston, 1919-1968); no occupation (Low Head, 1972)
* [[/John Peter Crooks|Crooks, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRZL-Z2J] - 1921(Tas)-2013(Vic) - Licences: 3AAC Colac (1960); 3AAC Bulleen (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 2107, 1938, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 7BQ James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot; Crooks - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Elsternwick, 1949); engineer (East Geelong, 1954; Bulleen, 1963-1977)
===''CROPLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cropley|Cropley, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-YVK] - 1893(NSW)-1935(NSW) - Licences: N735 Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922); 2HT Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of Mervyn Eric Cropley - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Homebush, 1930-1933) 
* [[/Mervyn Eric Cropley|Cropley, Mervyn Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLG-MYS] - 1920(NSW)-1951(Aus) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 403, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2HT Eric William Cropley - Electoral Rolls: radio officer (Homebush, 1943); salesman (Blaxland, 1949)
===''CROUCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Casimir Crouch|Crouch, Ernest Casimir &quot;Ern&quot;]] - 1908(???)-1989(NSW) - 2QJ Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1923), 2EC Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1939), 2EC Orange (1946-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 16, 1924, No. 6 in NSW), amateur broadcaster; engineer; Mosman Radio Laboratories 1927 (proprietor?)

===''CROWDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Crowder, Joyce Isabel see Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel

===''CULLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Norman Seth Culliver|Culliver, Francis Norman Seth &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-SWD] - 1891(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3DP Receive Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1922); 3DP Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923-1925; Hawthorn, 1925-1927); 3UG Melbourne (Rye, 1948-1956); 3UG Queenscliff (1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of Keith Norman Culliver &amp; Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1931-1954)
* [[/Ian Douglas Culliver|Culliver, Ian Douglas &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-WDM] - 1916?(Vic)-2002(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 655, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Keith Norman Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)
* [[/Keith Norman Culliver|Culliver, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-753] - 1914(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 656, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)

===''CUMMING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Humberstone Cumming|Cumming, William Humberstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLF-9FS] - 1903(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 3BK Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Notting Hill, 1931); engineer (Cheltenham, 1931); contractor (Malvern, 1936-1949); engineer (Malvern, 1954)
===''CUMMINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Cummings|Cummings, Bruce]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1928, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''CUMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Vincent Cummins|Cummins, Reginald Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-FLN] - 1911(Qld)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4VC Brisbane (Newmarket, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1939, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (East Ipswich, Qld, 1934-1937); public servant (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''CUNLIFFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James August Cunliffe|Cunliffe, James August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7KX-DQW] - 1904(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3ZO Melbourne (Croxton, 1930-1931; Preston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947); 3AZO Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1954; East Preston, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 597, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinet maker (Preston, 1927); electrician (Preston East, 1931-1942); cabinet maker (Preston East, 1949); carpenter (Preston East, 1963-1980)  
===''CUNNINGHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hugh Cunningham|Cunningham, Robert Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-Z7M] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3ML Melbourne (Malvern, 1928-1937; Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Frankston, 1946-1947; Malvern, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 463, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Malvern, 1931; Gardiner, 1936-1937); RAAF (Frankston, 1949); manager (Malvern, 1949-1954); director (Malvern, 1963-1980) - R. H. Cunningham, electronics retailer?

===''CURETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Poyner Cureton|Cureton, John Poyner &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L29Y-H1R] - 1905(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2AY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2AY Sydney (Burwood, 1923-1930); 2AU Sydney (Burwood, 1930-1933; Gordon, 1933-1934; Burwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1950); 2AU Little Hartley (1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 168, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2AY callsign withdrawn by PMGD in 1930 and reallocated to new commercial 2AY Albury - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Burwood, 1930; Parkes, 1936); engineer (Burwood, 1943); grazier (Little Hartley, 1958)
===''CURLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Clarence Curle|Curle, George Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ25-DZZ] - 1914(NSW)-1941(Egypt) - licences: 2AJB Sydney (Chullora, 1937-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 1813, 1937, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 310, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), WW2 - electoral rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''CURNOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Ross Curnow|Curnow, Geoffrey Ross]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - historian (wireless &amp; broadcasting), &quot;The history of the development of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia to 1942, with especial reference to the Australian Broadcasting Commission : a political and administrative study&quot;
===''CURRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Benjamin John Currie|Currie, Francis Benjamin John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8JP] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: None yet found - Qualifications: AOCP 395, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: checker (Albert Park, Vic, 1936); storeman (Semaphore, 1939; Queensbury, 1941)
* [[/James Lawrence Currie|Currie, James Lawrence &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-9GW] - 1905(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Bundaberg (1936-1937); 4LC Proserpine (1938-1939); 4LC St George (1946-1956); 4LC Brisbane (Dutton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1631, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; power station engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, Qld, 1929; Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Blackhall, Qld, 1943; St George, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Caboolture, Qld, 1958)

===''CURTIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. F. Curtis|Curtis, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AI Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CUSACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Chanel Cusack|Cusack, Leo Chanel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YN-49P] - 1897(NSW)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Port Moresby (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 229, 1916; 1COCP 319, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maroubra, 1930); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1931-1936; Maroubra, 1943); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1949); radio operator (Darwin, 1949-1954); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1958-1963); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Sidney Claude Cusack|Cusack, Sidney or Sydney Claude or Claud]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW42-D16] - 1885(Eng)-1973(Canada) - Licences: 5CK Adelaide (Dulwich, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 5, 1914 (No. 5 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1916)

===''CUSHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Thomas Cushen|Cushen, Arthur Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQL-FP3] - 1920(NZ)-1997(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1930s to 1990s; DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club, DX Australia) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen/ Autobiography]; [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tributes]

===''CUSITER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Macgregor Cusiter|Cusiter, Robert William Macgregor &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6H8-73C] - 1908(NSW)-1970(???) - 2RW Sydney (Lewisham, 1925-1926; Turramurra, 1927-1929; Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1931-1939, 1946-1955; Hornsby, 1956-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 203, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1930-1949; Hornsby, 1958-1968), AWA, PMGD, WW2 (worked on defence electronics)

===''CUTHBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Cuthbert|Cuthbert, Henry]] - 1829(Irl)-1907(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1877-Jul 1878; Mar 1880-Aug 1880)
===''CUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gregory Maxwell Cutts|Cutts, Gregory Maxwell &quot;Maxwell&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQBR-22Q] - 1903(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2GM Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 17, 1924, No. 7 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor (2ML, Mosman Radio Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mosman, 1930-1937; Abbotsford, 1949); sales manager (North Ryde, 1954-1963); manager (Cheltenham, 1972-1980)

=='''D'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''DAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Luja Dahl|Dahl, Norman Luja]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L433-MY6] - 1888(NZ)-1938(Qld) - Licences: 2ND Sydney (Wahroonga, 1933-1937); 4ND Ayr (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1079, 1933, NSW; AOLCP 249, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: consulting engineer (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1935); teacher (Wahroonga, NSW, 1937); company director (Ayr, Qld, 1936-1937)
* [[/Oscar Sydney Dahl|Dahl, Oscar Sydney &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLWV-S5D] - 1904(NZ)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4KA Ayr (1933-1935); 7KA Hobart (1947); 4KA Ayr (1948); 9KA Lae (1969); 4VT Innisfail (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1151, 1933, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; surveyor - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Arapuni, NZ,  1928-1931); tramline engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1931-1936); engineer (Gordonvale, Qld, 1937); civil engineer (Fitzgerald, Tas, 1943; Ayr, Qld, 1949-1958); surveyor (Innisfail, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''DALBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dalby|Dalby, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BI Adelaide (SA School of Mines, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Directories: lecturer (School of Mines, Adelaide, 1922-1934) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DALTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Martin Dalton|Dalton, Robert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-SH3] - 1897(Vic)-1949(Vic) - Licences: XLB Melbourne (Auburn, 1913); 3UI Mildura (1923-1925); 3UI Melbourne (Balaclava, 1925-1926; Caulfield, 1927; Camberwell, 1931-1933); 3UN Melbourne (Camberwell, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 158, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Mildura, 1919-1924); radio engineer (Hawthorn, 1926-1927); clerk (Camberwell, 1928); sales (Camberwell, 1931-1949)

===''DANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Dane|Dane, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYF7-5RS] - 1868(Eng)-1928(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3JD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (Hawthorn, 1908-1909); merchant (Auburn, 1912-1927)
===''DANGERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Henry Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Joseph Henry &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-22D] - 1911(Eng)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NF Townsville (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1686, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (radio electrical salesman) - Relationships: brother of 4NL Norman Gerard Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1937-1954); mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Airlie Beach, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Norman Gerard Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Norman Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-5FD] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NL Ayr (1936-1939); 4ND Ayr (1956-1965); 4ND Brisbane (Sherwood, 1969-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1687, 1936, Qld; BOCP 1062, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Elphinstones); broadcast technician (4AY, ABC Townsville); business proprietor (radio) - Halcyon: AOCP at 16yo - Relationships: brother of 4NF Joseph Henry Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: aircraft fitter (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Ayr, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Ayr, Qld, 1954; Home Hill, Qld, 1958); clerk (Sherwood, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''DANIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Septimus Daniel|Daniel, Louis Septimus]] - 1834(Eng)-1909(Vic) - experimented with etheric force in mid 1870s, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society of Victoria, member), employment (Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs, concluding acting Secretary, 1897), linguist

===''DARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Darley|Darley, Ernest John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4BX-9ZK] - 1898(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6CJ Perth (South Perth, 1923-1930) - Qualifications: cc;  CPRT 243, 1916; 2COCP 835, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor importer (South Perth, 1925-1936); importer (Rockingham, 1943); technician (South Perth, 1954-1963)

===''DAVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Barrett Davey|Davey, Harold Barrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYY-FN4] - 1898(Tas)-1948(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Launceston, 1922); electrician (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John Alfred Davey|Davey, John Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6X-FSF] - 1913(SA)-1992(Qld) - 2YE Sydney (Glebe Point, 1935-1938; Ashfield, 1939; Homebush, 1946-1975), amateur operator (1COCP 19, 1934; 3COCP 1029, 1952), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer
* [[/John Anderton Davey|Davey, John Anderton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-3ZH] - 1909(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923), 3AD Melbourne (Brighton, 1925-1926; Elsternwick, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 66, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, manufacturer's agent
* [[/Ralph William Davey|Davey, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGN-W9X] - 1916(SA)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 5KD Adelaide (North Croydon, 1935-1939; Mile End, 1947; Blanchetown, 1948); 5DY Portable Adelaide (North Croydon, 1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1481, 1935, SA; 1COCP 515, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Ridleyton North, SA, 1939; Whyalla, SA, 1941-1948); RAAF (Guildford, WA, 1958; Beaumaris, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''DAVIDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. R. Davidson|Davidson, E. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FP Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DAVIES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Tempest Davies|Davies, Henry Tempest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G889-FX9] - 1900(WA)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6HD Perth (Highgate Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 563, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Balkatta, 1921); police officer (Mundijong, 1943); sergeant (Victoria Park, 1949-1958; Lathlain Park, 1963-1977; Victoria Park, 1980)
* [[/Reginald Raymond Clifford Davies|Davies, Reginald Raymond Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGM-73Y] - 1915(SA)-1988(WA) - Licences: 5LJ Adelaide (Goodwood Park, 1933-1939; Plympton, 1947-1948); 3AY Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1960; Heathmont, 1965-1969); 6BQ Perth (Bickley, 1975); 6BQ Denmark (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1138, 1933, SA; BOCP 121, 1937; 1COCP 534, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM Berri, SA, 1941); mechanic (Plympton, SA, 1941-1943); public servant (Prahran, Vic, 1954); retired (Bickley, WA, 1972-1977)

===''DAVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Hargan Davis|Davis, Henry Hargan or Hargon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT6C-6MB] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Strathfield, 1923-1924); 2HH Sydney (Strathfield, 1926-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 289, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Strathfield, 1930-1936); engineer (Strathfield, 1943) - Professor Henry Hargan Davis, BSc, BE (Syd), PhD (Camb), 1946-1973 (Emeritus Professor 1974) [https://docplayer.net/82920769-Engineering-education-the-university-of-adelaide.html]
* [[/Ross Raleigh Davis|Davis, Ross Raleigh &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ54-9Q4] - 1907(Vic)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2DS Receive Sydney (Vaucluse, 1920-1922); 2DS Sydney (Vaucluse, 1923-1929; Double Bay, 1930-1933; Rose Bay, 1933-1938; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 249, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 934, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: accompanied 2CM on the SS Tahiti; education (Sydney Technical College, Electrical Engineering Degree); employment (AWA, engineer, 1925-1973) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Double Bay, 1930; Rose Bay, 1933-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1958; Rose Bay, 1958-1980)

===''DAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dawson|Dawson, Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 559, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stovemaker (Hurlstone Park, 1930); storeman (Marrickville, 1931) - Not yet fully identified
* [[/Richard Stanley Dawson|Dawson, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2NQ] - 1897(Vic)-1983(NSW) - Licences: XZP Hobart (1913-1914); 3DA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 282, 1917 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1919); electrical engineer (Melbourne, 1921-1924; Toorak, 1925-1926; South Yarra, 1927-1928); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1930; Mosman, 1931-1972; Roseville, NSW, 1977)

===''DEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Launston Alexander Deane|Deane, Launston Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-182] - 1909(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5LD Adelaide (Tusmore, 1933; Hazelwood Park, 1937-1939; Royston Park, 1947-1955; Hazelwood Park, 1956-1965; St Georges, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1090, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Burnside, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Kyrle Deane|Deane, Raymond Kyrle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-HB1] - 1917(SA)-2010(SA)93yo - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1728, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Fullarton, SA, 1939-1941); clerk (Fullarton, SA, 1943)

===''DE BAVAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Jean Xavier de Bavay|de Bavay, Francis Jean or John Xavier ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFJ-D1R] - 1887(Vic)-1955(Tas) - Licences: 4FO Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Kew, Vic, 1909); brewer (West Perth, WA, 1916); chemist (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1921); manager (New Farm, Qld, 1925); master brewer (Cascades, Tas, 1928-1936); manager (Hobart South, Tas, 1943-1954)

===''DE CRESPIGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Philip Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCJG-QN9] - 1879(Vic)-1918(Palestine) - Licences: XPU Melbourne (Brighton, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Relationships: half brother of 3FM Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Royalieu Dana Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH7P-7SD] - 1905(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Brighton, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Elmhurst, 1936-1949); farmer (Cobden, 1954; South Ecklin, 1963-1980) - Relationships: half brother of XPU Philip Champion de Crespigny

===''DE CURE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Gerard de Cure|de Cure, John Edward Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVD6-DWD] - 1899(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 3WL Melbourne (Coburg, 1929-1933); 5KO Adelaide (Glenelg, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 2KO Sydney (Artarmon, 1957-1958); 5KO Adelaide (Fulham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 535, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 22, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cobden, 1954); public servant (North Carlton, 1921-1924; Coburg, 1927-1934; Artarmon, NSW, 1958)

===''DEARNESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Sinclair Dearness|Dearness, Harry Sinclair]] - 19??-2004(Qld) - 4KW Mackay (1939, 1946-1975), Brisbane (Strathpine) (1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2328, 1939, No. ? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, AIF), employment (radio &amp; TV mechanic)

===''DEEGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Edward Deegan|Deegan, Stanley Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYK3-2V3] - 1893(Tas)-1944(Tas) - Licences: 7AK Hobart (St Virgil's College, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; public servant (State &amp; Federal, PMGD); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922); civil servant (Hobart, 1928-1936); postal official (Hobart, 1943)
===''DEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival William Deer|Deer, Percival William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2DJ-9ZF] - 1901(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5DR Adelaide (Seacliff, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 451, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brighton, 1939-1943)

===''DELBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Joseph Robert Delbridge|Delbridge, Reginald Joseph Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L439-HNM] - 1888(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4RJ Childers (1927); 4RJ Brisbane (Paddington, 1931-1933; Booval, 1937-1939); 4RJ Stanthorpe (1946-1948); 4RJ Brisbane (Northgate, 1954-1955; Toowong, 1956); 4RJ Burleigh Heads (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 383, 1927, No. 42 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), minister of religion - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Ingham, 1917-1919); minister (Kingaroy, 1925); clergyman (Ashgrove, 1943); minister (Stanthorpe, 1949); minister of religion (New Farm, 1954); Methodist Minister (Toowong, 1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963)
===''DELLIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Stephen Dellit|Dellit, Samuel Stephen]] - Licences: VK4ZSS Brisbane, VK3 Melbourne, VK1DXA Canberra - Qualifications: AOLCP Q0078, 1971 - amateur operator, broadcast DXer, broadcast planning engineer, federal public servant, radio historian (aeradio, amateur, broadcast, coastal)

===''DEMPSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter McInnes Dempsey|Dempsey, Walter McInnes &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTQN-B69] - 1910(Vic)-2010(Vic) - Licences: 3WD Melbourne (Cheltenham, 1929-1931); 7WD Cambridge (1948); 3AZD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1954); 3WD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1955-1969; Oak Park, 1975); 3WD Marong (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 515, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 41, 1931; 1COCP 217, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Cheltenham, 1931; Mordialloc, 1936-1937); radio operator (Mentone, 1942); aeradio operator (Cambridge, Tas, 1949); public servant (Pascoe Vale, 1954-1968; Oak Park, 1972); retired (Marong, 1977-1980)

===''DENBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Roy Denby|Denby, Harry Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJTS-LLS] - 1906(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4FR Receive Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923); 4AX Brisbane (Kedron, 1936-1939); 4AX Cairns (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1800, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937; Cairns, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''DENISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Robert Denison|Denison or Dixson, Hugh Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-WTC] - 1865(NSW)-1940(Vic) - born Hugh Robert Dixson; businessman, parliamentarian, philanthropist; director of Australasian Wireless Co. then Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) - Links: [[w:Hugh Denison|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-hugh-robert-5955 ADB]

===''DENNEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Roy Denneen|Denneen, Harold Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-6YG] - 1894(NSW)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (A/g Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928-1937)
===''DENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Roy Dennett|Dennett, Phillip or Philip Roy or Ray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNX4-D9K] - 1897(SA)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 5IV Berri (1931-1938); 4IV Camooweal (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 799, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Morningside, Qld, 1943; West End, Qld, 1949-1954; Rockhampton, Qld, 1958); public servant (Morningside, Qld, 1963-1977)

===''DERHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Thomas Derham|Derham, Frederick Thomas]] - 1844(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Victorian Postmaster-General (1886-1890)
===''DERRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/V. M. Derrick|Derrick, V. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2VM Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DEVITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Lane Devitt|Devitt, Raymond Lane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB11-PTK] - 1905(Tas)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6DR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 990, 1928; 2COCP 287, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1931); manager (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Owen Dewan|Dewan, John Owen (Electoral Rolls) or Owen John (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-2D4] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6JK Perth (Maylands, 1930-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933; City, 1937; North Perth, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 715, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 3COCP 188, 1936; 2COCP 99, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Maylands, WA, 1931; North Perth, 1934-1937); teacher (East Perth, WA, 1943); trade instructor (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Dexter|Dexter, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G428-3PS] - 1906(Eng)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DR Melbourne (Northcote, 1926-1927); 3VR Melbourne (Sandringham, 1938-1939; Black Rock, 1946-1956; Parkdale, 1960-1965; Mt Eliza, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 241, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Northcote, 1927); engineer (Preston, 1931; Sandringham, 1942-1954); radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1963); retired (Mt Eliza, 1968-1980)

===''DICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Dick|Dick, F.]] - abt 1883(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''DIDDAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Harlin Flower Diddams|Diddams, Robert Harlin or Harland Flower]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZN-YJP] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Toowong, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925); printer (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); retired (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1968)

===''DILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Dillon|Dillon, Arthur Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot; &quot;Ern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85L-HH7] - 1902(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1922); 4CH Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, 1925); engineer (New Farm, 1929); electrical engineer (Atherton, 1931-1932); electrician (Greenslopes, 1943-1954; Mt Gravatt, 1958)

===''DINEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Dineen|Dineen, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM8L-9R6] - 1919(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7GD Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1588, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 6330, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Launceston, 1949-1968)
===''DIRCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Alfred Dircks|Dircks, Alexander Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-6GN] - 1858(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - senior federal public servant (PMGD, Electrical Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gurnhill Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Gurnhill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G826-18S] - 1896(Tas)-1966(Vic) - Licences: XZA Wynyard (1913-1914); 3JG Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1933); 3AD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 3AVE Melbourne (Nunawading, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 462, 1919; 2COCP 160, 1930; 1COCP 271, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Wynyard, 1919); wireless mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934); technician (Auburn, 1936-1937); inspector (Surrey Hills, 1943-1963) - Probate: retired marine inspector (Melbourne, 1966)
* [[/Arthur Lionel Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82F-YX7] - 1897(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 236 Sydney (Burwood, 1920); 2BS Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2AD Sydney (Canterbury, 1929; Strathfield, 1930); 4AD Brisbane (Norman Park, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 202, 1916; 2COCP 288, 1930; 1COCP 170, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Concord, NSW, 1930; Norman Park, Qld, 1931-1943); RANVR (Kyeemagh, 1943); engineer (Waverton, 1949; Eastwood, 1954; Lidcombe North, 1958); managing director (Blakehurst, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Musgrave Dixon|Dixon, Charles Frederick Musgrave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L27B-XXY] - 1894(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2II Receive Cootamundra (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Cootamundra, 1930-1937); telegraphist (Goulburn, 1943; Annandale, 1949-1954; Camperdown, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Malcolm Dixon|Dixon, John Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWD1-HXH] - 1922(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); education (Scots College, 1935-1939); military (WW2, AIF, 1942-1945) - Links: [https://www.scotch.vic.edu.au/greatscot/2008decGS/74.htm Obit]
* [[/Lionel Stanley Dixon|Dixon, Lionel Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PR-QD2] - 1912(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 3TE Melbourne (Croydon, 1947-1948; Elwood, 1954-1980); 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2177, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Glenferrie, Vic, 1934-1937); builder (Box Hill South, Vic, 1949; Elsternwick, Vic, 1954-1967; Elwood, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZI Condong (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4GF Victoria Hills, Herbert River (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Reginald Hilton Dixon|Dixon, Reginald Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82N-FQV] - 1915(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2QD Albury (1933-1937); 2QD Armidale (1938-1939); 2QD Albury (1946-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1216, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Albury, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (Albury, 1972-1977)

===''DODDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stokell Dodds|Dodds, Sir John Stokell Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMYR-2KQ] - 1906(Tas)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 7DJ Hobart (City, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 208, 1935; AOCP 1851, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Town, 1936-1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954); electrical engineer (Wahroonga, 1958-1968); manager (St Ives, 1972)
* [[/John William Matthew Dodds|Dodds, John William Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NX-3CT] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KK Kurri Kurri (1930-1939); 2AZD Newcastle (New Lambton, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 644, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: miner (Kuri Kurri, 1930-1949; New Lambton, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Henry Dodds|Dodds, Leonard Henry &quot;Len&quot;]] - 1908(NSW)-1983(Qld) - 4GD Townsville (1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Townsville ARC, life member), military (Navy, RAAF), employment (PMGD)
* [[/Ronald George Dodds|Dodds, Ronald George]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
===''DODDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Doddy|Doddy, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-HWS] - 1899(Tas)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WH Perth (Claremont, 1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1817, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Claremont, WA, 1931-1958)

===''DOHRMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Stanley Glenville Dohrmann|Dohrmann, George Stanley Glenville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-TB8] - 1902(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922); 3AM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Canterbury, Vic, 1924-1926); warehouseman (Burwood, Vic, 1931; Canterbury, 1937-1943); agriculturalist (Mt Dandenong, 1949-1954; Mooroolbark, 1968-1980)

===''DOIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Louis Doig|Doig, Norman Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSD-M17] - 1912(WA)-2014(WA)101yo - Licences: 6ND Carnamah (1937-1939); 6CB Perth (Floreat Park, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2061, 1937, WA; 3COCP 1505, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Carnamah, WA, 1936-1937; Floreat Park, WA, 1943); telegraphist (City Beach, WA, 1949; Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley, WA, 1968-1972); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1977-1980)

===''DONNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Walter Donne|Donne, Charles Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FC7] - 1897(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: XLO Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 2YD Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925); 3YD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 271, 1916; 2COCP 87, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Seaman) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (St Kilda, 1919-1924); technician (St Kilda, 1925-1931); dealer (Armadale, 1934-1937); investor (Mornington, 1943); grazier (Dromana, 1949-1954); nil (Mornington, 1963-1972) - Migration: South Africa (1955-1962)
===''DOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Lawson Dook|Dook, Valentine Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7X1-NJH] - 1903(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KB Perth (Maylands, 1931-1933; Mt Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 754, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter's assistant (East Perth, WA, 1931); oil plant attendant (Leederville, WA, 1936-1937); control room operator (Leederville, WA, 1943; Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); electrical foreman (Wembley, WA, 1958-1977)

===''DORWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haxton Dorward|Dorward, William Haxton, Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD77-X62] - 1901(Vic)-1937(NSW) - Licences: 3CA Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922-1923); 3CA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Sandringham, 1924-1926); grazier (Moama, 1930; Fort Station, Barnes, 1935-1937)

===''DOUBIKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Thomas Henry Doubikin|Doubikin, William Thomas Henry]] - 1890(Vic)-1927(Tas) - Licences: Hobart Receive 1920s, early wireless experimenter (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, Councillor, 1924), passed too soon
===''DOUDNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Doudney|Doudney, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MQDH-R32] - 1873(Eng)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Receive Melbourne (Balaclava, 1922); 3EM Melbourne (Balaclava, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 63, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion (Holy Trinity Church) - Electoral Rolls: vicar (St Kilda, 1924-1942); nil (Caulfield, 1949-1954; Elsternwick, 1963)
===''DOUGLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gavin Cunningham Douglas|Douglas, Gavin Cunningham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99J-KJ4] - 1912(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3YK Melbourne (Bayswater, 1931-1939, 1947-1950+; Blackburn, 1954; Canterbury, 1955-1960+; Surrey Hills, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 743, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bayswater, 1935-1949); sales representative (Canterbury, 1963; Surrey Hills, 1968-1980)
* [[/Gordon Adye Douglas|Douglas, Gordon Adye]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRVY-WLJ] - 1878(Tas)-1957(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Receive Gormanston (1923); Receive Gormanston (1923); 7GD Gormanston (1924-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 34, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Gormanston, 1914-1928); draughtsman (Queenstown, 1936); geological surveyor (Queenstown, 1937-1943); no occupation (Hobart South, 1949; Blackman's Bay, 1954)
* [[/Hugh Alexander McKay Douglas|Douglas, Hugh Alexander McKay &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV3Y-3W4] - 1889(Eng)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2HD (Class B) Newcastle (1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Class B broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a Listener) - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Newcastle, 1913); vulcaniser (Hamilton, 1930-1935); manager (Newcastle, 1936-1937); engineer (Mayfield, 1943; Hamilton, 1949)

===''DOWDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Lorens Thomas Dowding|Dowding, Philip Lorena or Loreno or Lorens Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZH8-Z6D] - 1901(Tas)-19??(Vic) - Licences: 7AC Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Moonah, 1922); electrician (St Kilda, 1926-1931; Prahran, 1934; Melbourne, 1937; St Kilda, 1943-1949); electrical foreman (Eildon, 1954)
===''DOWNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Downie|Downie, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y2-LQ8] - 1879(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Victoria Police (wireless department, senior constable); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo VPF) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Broadford, 1903); constable (North Carlton, 1909-1924); senior constable (Preston, 1927-1936)
===''DOWNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Evan Downing|Downing, William Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHV4-K46] - 1874(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3LQ Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3LQ Warrnambool (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: brassfounder (Warrnambool, 1912-1937)

===''DOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Laurence Doyle|Doyle, Herbert Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VG-WVC] - 1894(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3HD Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1931); 3CR Melbourne (Malvern, 1933; Kooyong, 1937; Frankston, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 697, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: independent means (St Arnaud, 1924); grazier (Malvern East, 1925-1927); clerk (Malvern East, 1931-1937); home duties (Malvern, 1943)

===''DRAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James George Drake|Drake, James George]] - 1850(Eng)-1941(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1880s &amp; 1890s), state politician (Qld MLA, 1880s &amp; 1890s), politician (Postmaster-General 1901-1903)
===''DRANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Edward Draney|Draney, Walter Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KLP-VT7] - 1896(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milton, Qld, 1919; Greenslopes, Qld, 1921-1928; Tully, Qld, 1937; Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba West, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Drayton, Qld, 1980)
===''DREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred John Drew|Drew, Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-1HH] - 1907(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5LN Adelaide (Kensington, 1933-1939; Erindale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1078, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Erindale, SA, 1943)

===''DUBOIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Louis Dubois|Dubois, Paul Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZQ-QN3] - 1918(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 4UJ Brisbane (Rosalie, 1936-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1947; South Brisbane, 1948; Highgate Hill, 1954-1960; Bardon 1960); 4PL Brisbane (Bardon 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1677, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; senior public servant (PMGD, Telstra) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1943; South Brisbane, Qld, 1949); public servant (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1954-1958); engineer (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977); manager telecommunications (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Duff, William Vere Hobart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZC-JGP] - 1893(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3DB Receive Melbourne (Malvern East, 1922); 3DB Melbourne (Malvern East, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Malvern East, 1914); engineer (Malvern East, 1919-1924; Glenferrie, 1931-1937; Toorak, 1943-1954; Harkaway, 1958-1968)
===''DUFFY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Duffy|Duffy, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-QKJ] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Sydney (Redfern, 1933; Woollahra, 1934; Rose Bay, 1935-1937); 4AQ Brisbane (Grange, 1938); 2AQ Sydney (Bondi, 1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; AOLCP 264, 1936; TVOCP 54, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous JDs, needs review - Electoral Rolls: manager (Woollahra, NSW, 1934); engineer (Vaucluse, NSW, 1935);
* [[/Maurice Boyce Duffy|Duffy, Maurice Boyce &quot;Morrie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRYK-S76] - 1886(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/duffy-maurice-boyce-morrie-6030 ADB]
* [[/William Oswald Duffy|Duffy, William Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2Q2] - 1861(Eng)-1916(Tas) - Licences: XZO Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: signalman (Battery Point, 1914)

===''DUGGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry George Duggan|Duggan, Harry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9H-8LW] - 1905(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3XI Warrnambool (1930-1965); 3AXI Warrnambool (1965-1969); 3XI Garvoc (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 592, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Warrnambool, 1931-1954); engineer (Warrnambool, 1963-1968)

===''DUKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon William Dukes|Dukes, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RY-PGT] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2WD Sydney (Forest Lodge, 1930-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1950; Homebush, 1954-1956; Cremorne, 1957-1958; Lane Cove, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 571, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 139, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glebe, 1933-1937); radio engineer (Homebush, 1943-1949); engineer (Cremorne, 1954-1958); technician (Lane Cove, 1963-1980)

===''DUNDAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Loftus Dundas|Dundas, Reginald Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-8LM] - 1915(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4DU Crawford, Kingaroy Line (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1990, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Theodore, Qld, 1937); labourer (Crawford, Kingaroy Line, Qld, 1949-1972); farmer (Torquay, Qld, 1977)

===''DUNLEAVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Francis Dunleavy|Dunleavy, Joseph Francis]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 508, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (St Kilda, 1924); electrical fitter (Melbourne, 1926; South Yarra, 1931); fitter (St Kilda, 1934)

===''DUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Dunn|Dunn, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSN-T31] - 1898(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2GU Receive Sydney (South Kensington, 1922); 2GU Sydney (South Kensington, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coachbuilder (Kensington, 1930-1943); manager (Kingsford, 1958); retired (The Entrance, 1963-1980)
===''DUNSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter John Dunstan|Dunstan, Walter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-Y3V] - 1904(Vic)-1927(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Receive Ballarat (1922); 3JR Ballarat (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 106, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: gone too soon - Relationships: brother of William Dunstan, Victoria Cross - Electoral Rolls: student (Ballarat East, 1927)

===''DURBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Keep Durbridge|Durbridge, William Keep]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDN-Z4B] - 1908(WA)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 4FS Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Innisfail, Qld, 1930); clerk (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1937); bookkeeper (Dundoo Station, Eulo, Qld, 1937); no occupation (St Kilda, Vic, 1963-1972; Melbourne, Vic, 1977)

===''DUTHOIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert George Duthoit|Duthoit, Albert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ94-V82] - 1901(Tas)-1970(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); labourer (Croydon North, 1931); no occupation (Armadale, 1931); engineer (Hobart South, 1936); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1935-1943); clerk (Ivanhoe, 1949; Oakleigh, 1954; Malvern, 1958); nil (Malvern, 1967-1968)
===''DUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Henry Dutton|Dutton, Thomas Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJG1-LRN] - 1862(Eng)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: painter (Rockhampton, Qld, 1903-1905); commission agent (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1908-1909); printer (Valley, Qld, 1913); traveller (Teneriffe, Qld, 1915-1937)

=='''E'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''EARLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Edwin Earle|Earle, Frank Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YV-B62] - 1900(SA)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 823, 1924 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Erasmus Earle|Earle, Robert Erasmus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLX-NC1] - 1894(Eng)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6LC Perth (Floreat Park, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 4390, 1966, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Floreat Park, 1954-1977)
===''EASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Easter|Easter, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2L-656] - 1914(SA)-1983(???) - Licences: 5RO Montieth (1933); 5RO Port Elliot (1937); 5RO Moonta (1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1111, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Moonta, SA, 1939-1947) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/532330 VWM]

===''EASTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Spencer Easton|Easton, Frederick William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-7XD] - 1914(NSW)-1944(PNG) - licences: 2BQ Sydney (Bondi, 1931-1935; Bellevue Hill, 1936-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 846, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - electoral rolls: projectionist (Rose Bay, 1936-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''EDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Frederick Ede|Ede, Charles Frederick or Friederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7D-PYL] - 1885(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Wellington Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1908; Albion, Qld, 1912-1921); assistant secretary (Manly, Qld, 1925-1963); retired (Wynnum North, 1968)

===''EDGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Waldene Edgar|Edgar, Douglas Waldene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5XS-K4X] - 1895(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6DW New Norcia (1927-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 314, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gingin, 1922; New Norcia, 1925-1954); retired (Nedlands, 1958-1963)
* [[/John Matheson Edgar|Edgar, John Matheson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB42-K1G] - 1881(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Geelong (1923); 3YW Geelong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Training College, Carlton, 1903); state school teacher (Ballarat, 1909); teacher (Ballarat, 1913-1914; Geelong, 1917-1924; Essendon, 1925-1954)
* [[/Mervyn John Edgar|Edgar, Mervyn John or John Mervyn &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4W-647] - 1913(NSW)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4JE Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1302, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Radio Location Unit); radio retailing (Tracksons) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); salesman (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); shop assistant (Bulimba, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''EDWARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. E. Edwards|Edwards, H. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Croydon, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert John Edwards|Edwards, Herbert John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF5-KP8] - 1894(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1937) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 802, 1923; 2COCP 18, 1929; 1COCP 208, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous HJEs - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rose Bay, NSW, 1930-1933); radio operator (Lord Howe Island, NSW, 1949); communication officer (Rose Bay, NSW, 1954)

===''EGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mavis Evelyn Egan|Fogg nee Egan, Mavis Evelyn or Evelene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-1JK] - 1900(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Stanley (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver (YL) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanley, 1928); home duties (Wynyard, 1936-1943; Smithton, 1949; Sale, Vic, 1954; Cohuna, 1963; Devonport, 1972)

===''EGGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Percy Eggleton|Eggleton, Eric Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSTZ-5G9] - 1903(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DA Receive Toowoomba (1923-1924); 4DA Toowoomba (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 81, 1925, No. 9 in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (QATB) - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Toowoomba, 1925-1926); ambulance bearer (Toowoomba, 1931); ambulance superintendent (Dayboro, 1936-1943; Charleville, 1949-1958; Stanthorpe, 1963); retired (Caloundra, 1968-1977)

===''ELDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Mackenzie Elder|Elder, James Alexander Mackenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97W3-7FL] - 1869(Sct)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Awards: KBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Essendon, 1905); merchant (Moonee Ponds, 1908-1909); director (South Yarra, Vic, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/elder-sir-james-alexander-6099 ADB]
===''ELLERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lewis John Ellery|Ellery, Robert Lewis John]] - 1827(Eng)-1908(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Vic Government Astronomer
===''ELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Neville Elliott|Elliott, Robert Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-PPJ] - 1907(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DW Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); company manager (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954-1963); accountant (Brisbane, Qld, 1968); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1972); accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Ronald Donovan Elliott|Elliott, Ronald Donovan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G799-LTX] - 1910(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5RD Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1931-1933; Da Costa Park, 1937; Kirkcaldy, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 758, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939; Westbourne Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Murray Browse Elliott|Elliott, Thomas Murray Browse &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W8-947] - 1899(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4CM Brisbane (City, 1946-1969); operator of Valentine's 4CM licence 1925-1939 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 72, 1925, No. 6 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; early television experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Fortitude Valley, 1921); salesman (Brisbane City, 1925-1931); sound engineer (Observatory, 1937-1943); company manager (City, 1949-1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968)

===''ELLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Austin Ellis|Ellis, Clive Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-9HT] - 1912(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3LZ Melbourne (Williamstown, 1930-1931; Caulfield, 1933-1939; Newport, 1946-1956; Moorabbin, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 598, 1930, No. ?? in Victoria - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1937; Newport, 1943-1954); valuer (Moorabbin, 1958-1972)
* [[/John Osborne Ellis|Ellis, John Osborne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTM-Q42] - 1910(Eng)-1999(SA) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 522, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kimba, 1939-1943)
===''ELSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Robert Elsbury|Elsbury (adopted) or Wilson Bowman (biological), Cyril Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMG-5CW] - 1897(Qld)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6JE Kalgoorlie (1934-1939); 6JE Fimiston (1947-1956); 6JE Nornalup (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1372, 1934, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1922); mine timekeeper (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1925-1943); assistant accountant (Fimiston, WA, 1949-1954); mine paymaster (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1958)

===''ELWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Gregory Elworthy|Elworthy, Colin Gregory &quot;Col&quot;]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''EMBLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Austin Embling|Embling, Stewart Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGH-YQM] - 1907(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925); 3DC Melbourne (Toorak, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 236, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toorak, 1931-1943); assurance officer (Toorak, 1949-1980)

===''EVANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Hubert Evans|Evans, Albert Henry Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH8N-BFX] - 1894(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: XVD Adelaide (Mile End, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 255, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:  assistant manager (Woollahra, 1949)
* [[/Griffith Benjamin Evans|Evans, Griffith Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-HL3] - 1877(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS - Electoral Rolls: naval telegraphist (Eden Vale, Vic, 1914-1915); telegraphist (Coburg, Vic, 1919); retired (Vaucluse, NSW, 1954-1963)
* [[/Percy Evans|Evans, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84B-DKL] - 1894(Eng)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 2OW Sydney (Kensington, 1928-1929; Randwick, 1930-1931); 3OZ Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1947-1948; Boronia, 1948; North Ringwood, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 458, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Kensington, 1930); salesman (Randwick, 1930-1931); sales manager (Camberwell, 1933-1937; Glen Iris, 1949); manager (Ringwood, 1954-1972)
* [[/R. Evans|Evans, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SP Sydney (Clovelly, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 265, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Thomas Evan Evans|Evans, Thomas Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ7-S1L] - 1904(NZ)-1942(At Sea) - 3EV Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1927), 9EV Rabaul (1933+), amateur operator (AOCP 160, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, medical assistant, technical assistant, Civilian POW captured at Rabaul, died on board the &quot;Montevideo Maru&quot; when it was torpedoed and sunk en route from Rabaul to Hainan, where Thomas was destined for forced labour.
* [[/Trevor Elliott Evans|Evans, Trevor Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-GRC] - 1903(Vic)-1979(Vic) - 3KD Receive Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1922-1924), 3RK Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1925-1933; Pascoe Vale, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 159, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (East Brunswick, 1931), contractor (Pascoe Vale, 1972)
* [[/Trevor Frederick Evans|Evans, Trevor Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L292-N4L] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - 2NS Blayney (1925-1929), 2NS Bathurst (1930-1939, 1946-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 113, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (BOCP 19, 1936) (2BS)

===''EVERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Every|Every, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDSS-VT4] - 1894(Eng)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 7GE Hobart (1931); 3GE Queenscliff (1937-1939); 3GE Balcombe (1947-1948); 3GE Carrum (1954-1956); 3GE Bonbeach (1960-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military instructor; WW1 (UK) - Electoral Rolls: silver mounter (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1919); soldier (Launceston, 1922; Hobart South, 1922); military instructor (Hobart South, 1928); soldier (Queenscliff, Vic, 1935-1937); military officer (Albury, NSW, 1943; Victoria Park, Qld, 1949); clerk (Frankston, 1949); accountant (Carrum, 1954)

===''EWING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Thomson Ewing|Ewing, Thomas Thomson]] - 1856(NSW)-1920(NSW) - state politician (NSW MLA), federal politician (MHR, acting Postmaster-General)

===''EXTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Walter Exton|Exton, George Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QY-5XH] - 1882(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 2CZ Lismore (1922-1930) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast proprietor and engineer (2XN Lismore) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lismore, NSW, 1930-1963); retired (Saddlers Crossing, Qld)

=='''F'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''FABER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Thomas Faber|Faber, William John Thomas &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1976(Qld) - 4WF Ayr (-1938+), Brisbane (Kedron, -1948-1949+) , amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''FAGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Reginald Joseph Fagan|Fagan, William Reginald Joseph &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLF3-QPM] - 1883(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: 2RJ Receive Mandurama (1922); 2RJ Mandurama (1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio station (director, 2SM) - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Mandurama, 1913-1943)

===''FAIRHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Fairhall|Fairhall, Allen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZB3-PKT] – 1909(NSW)-2006(NSW) – Licences: 2KB Newcastle (Hamilton, 1928–1929; New Lambton, 1930–1931; Cooks Hill, 1933–1934; City, 1935; Cooks Hill, 1937; City, 1938–1939; Hamilton, 1946–1961; City, 1965-1980+); 2AKL Paterson (1948–1958) – Qualifications: AOCP 391, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 23, 1930 – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, proprietor 2KO Newcastle, WW2 – Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Lambton, 1931–1932); manager (Newcastle, 1933–1949); primary producer (Trevallyn, 1954); M.H.R. (Newcastle, 1958); member of parliament (Newcastle, 1963–1968); manager (Newcastle, 1972–1980) - [[w:Allen Fairhall|Wikipedia]]

===''FALCONER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Illman Falconer|Falconer, Charles Illman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZK9-PJ6] – 1885(Vic)-1962(NSW) – Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923–1924), 3CF Melbourne (East Malvern, 1925–1926; Canterbury, 1927; Surrey Hills, 1931–1939, 1946–1954), 2AUF Terrigal (1955–1961), amateur operator (AOCP 204, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Clifton Hill, 1909), mechanic (Fitzroy, 1914), engineer (Canterbury, 1915–1949), retired (Terrigal, 1958–1963)
===''FALLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyle Clifford Falls|Falls, Lyle Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLC-1VR] - 1899(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Caulfield, 1924-1925); instructor (Kew, 1926-1943)

===''FANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred – see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred (Fanning)
===''FANSHAWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Fanshawe, Arthur Dalrymple]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM7D-QY6] – 1847(Eng)-1936(Eng) – Admiral of UK Fleet, Commander-in-Chief Australia Station – Links: [[w:Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Wikipedia]]
===''FARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell George Farmer|Farmer, Maxwell George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG1-SHR] - 1916(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5GF Adelaide (Knoxville, 1933-1939; North Norwood, 1947-1948; Adelaide City, 1954-1956; Plympton, 1960-1980+); 5GY Portable Adelaide (Knoxville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1217, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FARRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Howard Farrell|Farrell, John Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-CJT] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4WJ Brisbane Windsor, 1933-1939; Chermside, 1946-1948); 4WJ Quilpie (1954-1960); 4WJ Somerset Dam (1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1103, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Windsor, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Chermside, 1943-1949; Quilpie, 1954-1958); superintendent (Somerset Dam, 1963-1972)

===''FAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Harold Faul|Faul, Albert Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTD-S74] – 1907(NSW)-1979(NSW) – Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923–1924); 3AH Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926–1927) – Qualifications: AOCP 288, 1926, No. ?? in Vic – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster – Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1931–1934); lecturer (Camberwell, 1936); engineer (Bellevue Hill, 1936–1937; Camberwell, 1943); company director (Killara, 1949–1977)
===''FAULKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Wollas Faulks|Faulks, Richard Wollas &quot;Wol&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCD3-BQ3] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2WF Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1931; Hurlstone Park, 1933; Canterbury, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 557, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Ashfield, 1930; Canterbury, 1933-1977)

===''FAWKNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Pascoe Robert Fawkner|Fawkner, Ernest Pascoe Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYB-YKW] - 1901(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: manager (Kings Meadows, 1928); furniture manufacturer (South Launceston, 1936)

===''FEENAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Leo Michael John Feenaghty|Feenaghty, Leo Michael John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYG2-RMT] - 1900(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4LJ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 291, 1926, No. 28 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator; state public servant - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, 1925-1931); assistant secretary (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); public servant (Highgate Hill, 1963); retired (Isle of Capri, 1972-1980)
===''FELDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Feldman|Feldman, John Frederick Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNZ-5DH] - 1905(Vic)-1987(Vic) - 3QH Receive Geelong (South Geelong, 1923-1924), 3QH Geelong (South Geelong, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 140, 1925, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, bricklayer
===''FELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Frederick Fell|Fell, Evan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH4-FTW] - 1914(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1932-1939); 4EF Barcaldine (1946-1948); 4EF Mackay (1954-1955); 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1956; Bardon, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 978, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 175, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (inspector); property developer - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashgrove, Qld, 1936-1943); engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949; Mackay, Qld, 1954); public servant (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977)

===''FELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. C. Fells|Fells, L. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FELTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Felton|Felton, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M5-C2J] - 1897(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2RF Sydney (Petersham, 1927-1929; Belmore, 1930-1939, 1946-1956); 2RT Sydney (Kogarah, 1937) - Qualifications: AOCP 366, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Belmore, 1930-1934); engineer (Belmore, 1936-1937); soldier (Belmore, 1943); radio technician (Belmore, 1949-1954)
===''FERGUSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Angus Ferguson|Ferguson, Colin Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DH-9KM] - 1917(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5CJ Mt Gambier (1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1994, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Cyril E. Ferguson|Ferguson, Cyril E.]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 2, 1914, No. 2 in Aus) - coastal station operator?

===''FERRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Walter Cecil Ferrall|Ferrall, Edgar Walter Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMF-G97] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Launceston, 1919-1949); inspector (Kingston Beach, 1954)
===''FERRICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Bernard Ferricks|Ferricks, Michael Bernard &quot;Bernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58X-S4X] - 1914(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4UW Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1471, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); chemist (Northgate, Qld, 1949-1977); retired (Cairns, Qld, 1980)

===''FIEDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Victor Fiedler|Fiedler, Leslie Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHNW-3JZ] - 1906(SA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 5SL Adelaide (Woodville, 1927-1933), 5SL Moonta (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 353, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Henley, 1939-1943); theatre manager (Belmont, 1949); film exhibitor (Mt Lawley, 1958); company director (Mt Lawley, 1963-1968)

===''FIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph William Field|Field, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-Q5T] - 1915(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939; Ormond, 1946-1948); 3LJ Melbourne (Ormond, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 599, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Caulfield, 1937); machinist (Bentleigh, 1942-1977)

===''FILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Crawford Files|Files, Jack Crawford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-JWJ] - 1907(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4JF Brisbane (Buranda, 1932-1935; Coorparoo, 1936-1939; Buranda 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, QSL manager); journalist (Teleradio, WIA Notes); accountant - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1931-1934; Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943-1963)
===''FILMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Le Roy Drowley Filmer|Filmer, Le Roy Drowley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNF-2Z7] - 1902(NSW)-1976(NSW) - 2FT Newcastle (Toronto, 1925-1930; Hamilton South, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 148, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, metallurgist

===''FINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Edward Finch|Finch, Alan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6M4-987] - 1915(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 7CJ Launceston (Mowbray Heights, 1935-1939); 7CJ Hobart (New Town, 1946-1954); 7CJ Kelso (1955-1956); 3AEO Shepparton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1575, 191935, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (St Leonards, 1936-1937); mechanic (New Town, 1943-1954); public servant (Radio Australia, Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1968); technician (Shepparton, 1972)
===''FINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Warren Finn|Finn, Leonard Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2K-4P6] - 1914(SA)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5SP Adelaide (Seaton Park, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1671, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Seaton Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Finney|Finney, William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-W2H] - 1881(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AU Brisbane (Red Hill, 1923-1925); 4WF Brisbane (Red Hill, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 845, 1925; 2COCP 307, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Red Hill, 1903-1905); telegraphist (New Farm, 1908; Newmarket, 1909; Red Hill, 1913-1937; East Nundah, 1949; Wooloowin, 1954)

===''FISHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Hugh Fisher|Fisher, Douglas Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD15-N13] - 1913(Vic)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7AB Launceston (1934-1939); 7AB Burnie (1946-1948); 7AB Devonport (1954-1955); 7AB Lenah Valley (1956); 7AB Zeehan (1960); 7AB Oatlands (1965-1969; 7AB Claremont (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1373, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 7ZEE Neville Grant Fisher - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1936); bank clerk (Launceston, 1937; Burnie, 1943-1949; Devonport, 1954)
===''FISK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Thomas Fisk|Fisk, Ernest Thomas]] - 1886(Eng)-1965(NSW), 2EF Sydney (Lindfield, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur radio operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), broadcast and radiocommunications business proprietor (AWA), operated prior to 1933 under various AWA callsigns, 2MC in 1928 was licensed to his residence at Vaucluse - Links:  [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fisk-sir-ernest-thomas-6177 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198906.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198907.pdf EA2]

===''FITCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campbell Fitchett|Fitchett, John Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-K7W] - 1900(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Licences: XJDM Melbourne (Balwyn, 1913-1914); 3BL Melbourne (Balwyn, 1922-1925; Brighton, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 609, 1921 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Brighton, 1928-1937) - TroveTag: &quot;XJDM-3BL - John Campbell Fitchett&quot;
===''FITTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Stephen Luther Fittell|Fittell, Stephen Luther &quot;Steve&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCN9-KRT] - 1910(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JO Gympie (1929-1939); 4YF Gympie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 487, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 280, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; member radio club (WIAQ, Gympie ARC); commercial broadcaster (4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio specialist (Gympie, 1937); radio dealer (Gympie, 1943-1980)

===''FITZALAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Albini Lawrence Fitzalan|Fitzalan, Herbert Albini Lawrence &quot;Hal&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1951(Qld) - 4HF Brisbane?, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, Halcyon (not mentioned)
===''FITZGERALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Francis Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Eric Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84F-Z7H] - 1907(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2EA Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1928-1929; Burwood, 1930-1931; Pagewood, 1931; Abbotsford, 1931; Bellevue Hill, 1933-1937; Waverley, 1938-1939); 2AAO Sydney (Chatswood, 1950-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 467, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woolahra, 1930-1931); salesman (Coogee, 1937); clerk (Chatswood, 1943-1977)
* [[/Patrick Michael Anthony Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Patrick Michael Anthony &quot;Pat&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G33Q-6K9] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PF Rockhampton (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1802, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1930); public servant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1968); clerk (Corinda, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Emu Park, Qld, 1980)
===''FITZGIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard John Fitzgibbons|Fitzgibbons, Richard John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-QPG] - 1893(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4DV Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fitter (Maryborough, Qld, 1916-1919); engine fitter (Ascot, Qld, 1921-1968)

===''FITZMAURICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Simcoe Fitzmaurice|Fitzmaurice, James Simcoe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-KCF] - 1861(Vic)-1934(SA) - Licences: XYB Perth (1913-1914); 5FT Adelaide (North Walkerville, 1923-1933) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (State Engineer, WA &amp; SA); MIEE, AMIEE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1914-1916)

===''FLAHERTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Thomas Holm Flaherty|Flaherty, Gordon Thomas Holm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Q2-C9T] - 1900(Vic)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CB Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: postman (South Brisbane, 1922); telephone mechanic (Buranda, 1925; Coorparoo, 1928); mechanic (Camp Hill, 1936; Beaudesert, 1937-1943); technician (Camp Hill, 1949-1963)
===''FLETCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Fletcher|Fletcher, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKQ-2QR] - 1891(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 128, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Roebourne, 1913); radio operator (Esperance, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Roebourne, 1917-1918); telegraphist (Oakleigh, 1921)
===''FLOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Flood|Flood, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BF-HPG] - 1883(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 238, 1916; 2COCP 415, 1932; 1COCP 348, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIL Flinders Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Emita, Flinders Island, Tas, 1914-1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1925; Meeandah, Qld, 1928; Eagle Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Cooktown, Qld, 1943); retired (Cairns, 1954-1958; Eventide Home, Charters Towers, 1963)

===''FOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Lillico Fogg|Fogg, Hugh Lillico]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-KRZ] - 1900(Tas)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6HF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1939); 5HF Mt Barker (1947-1948); 3AHF Benalla (1954-1960); 6HF Perth (Inglewood, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 787, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Perth, WA, 1931); clerk (Maylands, WA, 1936); bank officer (Maylands, WA, 1943); manager (ANZ Bank, Benalla, Vic, 1954); retired (Inglewood, WA, 1963-1972)

===''FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry James Bartholomew Foley|Foley, Henry James Bartholomew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QZ-5SV] - 1886(NSW)-1954(NSW) - Licences: Sydney (Randwick, 1911) - Qualifications: pre AOCP - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1913); merchant (Drummoyne, 1930-1954)

===''FOLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Ulrich Francis Folie|Folie, Max Ulrich Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-Y7F] - 1909(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3WZ Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1933); 3GZ Mildura (1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 682, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Auburn, 1931); radio engineer (Mildura, 1934-1968)

===''FONTAINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Alfred Fontaine|Fontaine, Louis Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMDQ-L2V] - 1894(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT, 1914, No. 3 in Aus and Vic - RANRS; coastal wireless operator (VIG, Port Moresby, 1915-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Wyndham, 1918; Geraldton, 1922; Thursday Island, 1934-1936); telegraphist (St Kilda, 1937); radio telegraphist (Malvern, 1942); electrician (Camberwell, 1949)

===''FOOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Foot|Foot, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BT-FVF] - 1878(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 36, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (South Yarra, 1915; St Kilda, 1916-1917); RAN (Balaclava, 1919); tobacconist (Sandringham, 1925); manager (Prahran, 1937); clerk (St Kilda, 1942); retired (Dandenong, 1949-1954)

===''FORECAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Mark Llewllyn Forecast|Forecast, Arthur Mark Llewllyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HPS-H18] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1931; St Kilda, 1933; Caulfield, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; The Basin, 1954-1975; Ferntree Gully, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 279, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 141, 1934; BOCP 156, 1938; 1COCP 245, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Malvern, 1925-1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1931-1934); biograph operator (Caulfield East, 1937-1942; Glenhuntley, 1949); projectionist (The Basin, 1963-1972); retired (Ferntree Gully, 1977; Knoxfield, 1980)
===''FOREMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Graham Foreman|Foreman, Edgar Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD95-36X] - 1908(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4GF Ayr (1935-1939); 4GF Townsville (North Ward, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1577, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanton Hill, Qld, 1930); salesman (Ayr, Qld, 1934-1937); procurement specialist (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1954-1968); proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''FORREST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Forrest|Forrest, John]] - 1847(WA)-1918(???) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1901, 17 days)
===''FORSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Joseph Forshaw|Forshaw, Charles Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-783] - 1895(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: XJDA Melbourne (Elwood, 1913-1914); V736 Receive Hamilton (1922); 3GQ Receive Hamilton (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identifed - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Myrtleford, 1917); clerk (Oakleigh, 1924-1937; Gardiner, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949; Glenhuntly, 1954)
===''FORSYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Arthur Forsyth|Forsyth, Royce Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1R-3S5] - 1917(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1637, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Launceston, 1943); teacher (Hobart North, 1944); schoolteacher (Bellerive, 1949-1972)
===''FORSYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Edgar Forsythe|Forsythe, Leonard Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBY-MTR] - 1894(NSW)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 2BF Receive Sydney (Northbridge, 1922); 2BF Sydney (Northbridge, 1922-1929; Drummoyne, 1930-1933; Snapper Island, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 40, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: flagmaker (Northbridge, 1930-1949); department manager (Drummoyne, 1958); ship's chandler (Drummoyne, 1963-1980)
===''FORTESCUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fortescue|Fortescue, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD8X-GQ7] - 1893(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Toowoomba (1922-1924); 4CF Toowoomba (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (CMF, Colonel); WW2; jeweller - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Toowoomba, 1913-1958); nil (Toowoomba, 1963-1968)

===''FOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Foster|Foster, Ernest John &quot;Ernie&quot;]] - 1914(Qld)-1967(Qld) - 4BY Brisbane, amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), broadcast engineer (4MB, 4BU), military (WW2, RAAF)
* [[/James Foster|Foster, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2Z-27G] - 1915(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5TX Adelaide (North Kensington, 1933-1939); 5LU Adelaide (Dulwich, 1947-1948; Oaklands, 1954-1965; Marion, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1140, 1933, SA; 1COCP 1046, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Frewville, SA, 1943)

===''FOURRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Fourro|Fourro, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4D1-YRR] - 1906(NSW)-1978(ACT) - Licences: 2VF Corowa (1930-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 703, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 165, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Narrandera, 1930); telephone mechanic (Corowa, 1931-1935); wireless mechanic (Corowa, 1936); mechanic (Brighton-le-Sands, 1937); foreman mechanic (2CY Canberra, 1943-1954); supervising technician (2BA Bega, 1958-1963); technician (Merimbula, 1968-1972)

===''FOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Malcolm Fowles|Fowles, Gordon Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H2-RC9] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1931); 3AMF Melbourne (Wheeler's Hill, 1948-1960; Avonsleigh, 1965-1969); 3AMF Cowes (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 490, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Albert Park, 1943; Hamilton, 1949); farmer (Avonsleigh, 1968); retired (Cowes, 1972)

===''FOX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Fox|Fox, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BY-J5Z] - 1886(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 106, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Comment: several contemporaneous WG Fox; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''FRAME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vivian Horace Frame|Frame, Vivian Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ1-4QT] - 1899(Qld)-1959(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Mareeba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman ( Brisbane City, Qld); public works officer (Mareeba, Qld, 1922); architect (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925-1928; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1937; Virginia, Qld, 1949-1954; Norman Park, Qld, 1958)

===''FRANK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kendall Thomas Frank|Frank, Kendall Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-TGZ] - 1904(WA)-1951(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 921, 1926; 2COCP 289, 1930; 1COCP 64, 1935 - ship wireless operator (AWA), coastal wireless operator, amateur operator?, broadcast engineer (4PM) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Lakemba, 1943) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/frank-kendall-thomas-10236 ADB]

===''FRANZI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Franzi|Franzi, William Ronald &quot;Bill&quot; (formerly Emilio Stefan)]] - 1909(Italy)-19??(SA) - 4FR Atherton (1938-1939), 5FR Adelaide (Da Costa Park, 1946-1965; Glenelg East, 1969-1975), 5VK American Beach (1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 2192, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (IREE), military (RAAF), employment (radio technician)
===''FRASER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Douglas Fraser|Fraser, James Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NS-MQ3] - 1900(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2JF Quirindi (1930-1935) - Qualifications: AOCP 637, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quirindi, 1930-1943); engineer (Picton, 1949-1954)
* [[/H. Fraser|Fraser, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2JC Tamworth (1924-1925), amateur operator (no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Henry George Fraser|Fraser, Henry George]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 1001, 1932, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, at least two HGF engineers
===''FRAZER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Frazer|Frazer, Charles Edward &quot;Charlie&quot;]] - 1880(Vic)-1913(Vic) - politician (Postmaster-General, 1911-1913)

===''FREEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Freeman|Freeman, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZL-4F7] - 19??(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Sydney (Burwood, 1929-1939; Ashfield, 1946-1958; Cheltenham, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 544, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: packer (Newtown, 1930-1931; East Sydney, 1933-1935); engineer (Burwood, 1936-1937; Ashfield, 1943-1958; Cheltenham, 1963-1968) - individual not fully identified
* [[/L. Freeman|Freeman, L.]] - 18??-19?? - Licences: XQB Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FREESTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Roy Freestone|Freestone, Leslie Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-NB5] - 1896(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LF Ballarat (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Ballarat, 1916-1920); commercial traveller (Ballarat, 1921-1936); traveller (Brighton, 1937-1954); nil (Geelong, 1977-1980)
===''FRETTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/O'Della Paul Fretten|Fretten, O'Della Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-BQH] - 1894(Eng)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 2RU Sydney (Concord, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 460, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930; Strathfield, 1933); foreman (Lane Cove, 1936-1937); public servant (St Kilda, 1943); cafe proprietor (Melbourne, 1949); sales manager (St Kilda, 1963); instructor (Brighton, 1967-1968); retired (Malvern East, 1972; Fitzroy North, 1977)
===''FREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Samuel Vernon Frew|Frew, Geoffrey Samuel Vernon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87N-ZC1] - 1909(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3PM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PL Melbourne (Brighton, 1960); 3JK Melbourne (Brighton, 1969); 3PM Melbourne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 402, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 66, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1933); manager (Brighton, 1936-1937); engineer (Footscray, 1943; Brighton, 1949-1980)

===''FRIAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Owen Friar|Friar, Archibald Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4LQ-LGV] - 1905(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2AO Ulmarra (1929-1931); 2AO Grafton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 504, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Ulmarra, 1930-1937); garage proprietor (South Grafton, 1943-1963)

===''FROGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard James Frogley|Frogley, Gerard James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7K7-JNM] - 1902(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Richmond, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 240, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (East Melbourne, 1924); battery mechanic (Richmond, 1925-1931)

===''FRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Turner Fry|Fry, Alfred Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRX-2SL] - 1881(NSW)-1928(Vic) - Licences: 7BG Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: metallurgist (Ballarat, 1917; Queenstown, Tas, 1919-1922; Sandringham, 1924-1927)
* [[/Reginald Hall Fry|Fry, Reginald Hall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-9WN] - 1891(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2KC Sydney (Croydon, 1922-1929; Killara, 1930-1933); 2KC Parkes (1934); 2KC Goulburn (1935-1936); 2KC Wollongong (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 86, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Gordon, 1930; Killara, 1933; Goulburn, 1935-1936; Wollongong, 1937; Killara, 1943-1968); engineer (Killara, 1972)
===''FRYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Norman Fryer|Fryer, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KH-TZ8] - 1906(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KF Sydney (Suspension Bridge, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: AOCP 332, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1934; North Sydney, 1936; Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''FULCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Fulcher|Fulcher, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, (Halcyon, P. 4)

===''FYSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHNP-534] - 1835(Eng)-1919(Tas) - state politician (MLC Tas, 1860s through 1890s; MHA Tas 1870s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1903-1904) - Relationships: grandfather of 7PF Philip Oakley Fysh
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YS-4ZR] - 1897(Tas)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7PF Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 128, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Launceston Radio Experimenters' Club, WIA Launceston); WW2 - Relationships: grandson of Philip Oakley Fysh, federal Postmaster-General 1903-1904 - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Launceston, 1922-1954)

=='''G'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''GABBERTAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Gabbertas|Gabbertas, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF9C-2W7] - 1915(Eng)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6GB Perth (Maylands, 1936-1939; Mt Hawthorn, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1810, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); mechanic (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1980)

===''GADSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Wilkinson Gadsden|Gadsden, Stanley Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM38-WZ2] - 1887(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3SW Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 26, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic, Chief of Council, 1926); placed 2nd in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Kew, 1908-1915); manufacturer (Kew, 1917-1954)

===''GALLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Galle|Galle, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-KXN] - 1912(SA)-2008(SA)96yo - Licences: 5QR Adelaide (Prospect, 1931-1939, 1947-1948; Enfield, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 834, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Jabuk, SA, 1939-1941); schoolteacher (Tailem Bend, SA, 1943)

===''GAMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ray Gamble|Gamble, William Ray &quot;Ray&quot;]] - 1928(NSW)-2011(NSW) - broadcast engineer (BOCP 961, 1948), station manager, radio network principal [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/vale-ray-gamble Radio Info]

===''GAMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Gamon|Gamon, George Arthur]] - 1900(Vic)-1977(???) - 3GG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1925-1926; Middle Park, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 89, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''GARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Garing|Garing, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WV-2YG] - 1910(Vic)-2004(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 431, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: cadet (Point Cook, 1931-1934); airman (Point Cook, 1937); RAAF officer (Townsville, 1943; Point Cook, Vic, 1958; Williamtown, NSW, 1958); executive director (Turramurra, 1968); director (Turramurra, 1980)
===''GARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Raymond Garner|Garner, Alan Raymond]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician! (Frankston, 1963-1980)
===''GARNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Garnett|Garnett, Brian]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4AHN Currimundi, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld),
===''GARRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Randolph Garran|Garran, Richard Randolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K822-L54] - 1903(Vic)-1991(ACT) - Licences: 3AW Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1924-1925); manager (Semaphore, SA, 1941; Caulfield, Vic, 1954-1980)
===''GARRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Benjamin Walter Garrett|Garrett, Horace Benjamin Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7PD-9SV] - 1906(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3JI Melbourne (Box Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Box Hill, 1928-1934); radio mechanic (Box Hill, 1936); salesman (Box Hill, 1943-1977)
===''GARTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Garth|Garth, Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DX-47Z] - 1903(Eng)-1959(Tas) - Licences: 2VZ Sydney (Coogee, 1930; Clovelly, 1931-1933; Bankstown, 1934-1936); 4VZ Mackay (1937-1939); 3SF Melbourne (Preston, 1948; Seaford, 1954); 7RG Trevallyn, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 584, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clovelly, NSW, 1930-1933); mechanic (Bankstown, NSW, 1934-1936); electrician (Slade Point, Qld, 1937-1943; Beaconsfield, Tas, 1958)

===''GAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Holman Gay|Gay, Augustus Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PF-938] - 1902(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3SM Warragul (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Warragul, 1927-1934); engineer (South Yarra, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Kew, 1963-1980)
* [[/Vivian James Gay|Gay, Vivian James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYT8-VJJ] - 1908(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 2VI Sydney (Chatswood, 1935-1939; North Sydney, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965); 2VI Burradoo (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1510, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: printer (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943); master printer (Lane Cove, 1949-1968); printer (Artarmon, 1972); retired (Burradoo, 1977-1980)

===''GEAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Vivian Geake|Geake, Wilfred Vivian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTF-H1J] - 1893(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5BR Receive Kooringa (1922); 5BR Receive (Murray Bridge, 1923); Receive Murray Bridge (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hillside, SA, 1939)

===''GEDDES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Albert Geddes|Geddes, Frank Albert]] - 1901(NSW)-1922(NSW) - 2GC Sydney (Waverley, 1922, receive only), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), radio clubs (Waverley Radio Club), due to age licence held in name of father Francis G Geddes

===''GEEVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Leslie Geeves|Geeves, Philip Leslie &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88C-Y8Y] - 1917(NSW)-1983(NSW) - radio broadcaster (VK2ME, 2CH, ABC); employment (AWA, 1937-1970s); journalist (SMH); historian (AWA, broadcasting); awards (OAM, 1980) - Electoral Rolls: radio executive (Bexley, 1949-1963); executive (Hurstville South, 1972-1980)
===''GEISEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK7-NJ4] - 1921(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5YL Murray Bridge (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1788, 1936, SA; 2COCP 448, 1941; 1COCP 544, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''GEORGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Heinrich Alfred August George|George, Heinrich Alfred August &quot;Henry&quot;, &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G387-XZ4] - 1899(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3ZP Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1919-1963)
===''GEORGESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Georgeson|Georgeson, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS1-17Q] - 1897(Eng)-1976(Taiwan) - Licences: 5JD Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1938); 2AKU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1939; Granville, 1946-1947; Artarmon, 1948-1954; Lane Cove (1955); Artarmon (1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1783, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, NSW, 1943); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1963-1968); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1972)

===''GERAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/James Anselm Geraghty|Geraghty, James Anselm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVD-VY9] - 1877(???)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CS Receive Townsville (1923); 4CS Townsville (1923-1924); 4CS Brisbane (Nudgee, 1924); 4CS Gympie (1924); 4CS Townsville (1925); 4CS Gympie (1925-1927); 2JG Wagga Wagga (1929); 7CB Launceston (1931); 4CB Brisbane (Nudgee, 1933); 4AC Bundaberg (1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 186, 1925, No. 17 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion and teacher (Christian Brothers) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Ballarat, 1906; Gympie, 1909-1913; Dunedin, 1914-1916; South Brisbane, 1919-1925; Tamworth, 1930; Bundaberg, 1934; Ipswich, 1943; Albion, 1949; Gympie, 1954); retired (Boondall, 1958-1968)

===''GIBBON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Foster Gibbon|Gibbon, Thomas Foster]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G857-MWS] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XJAV Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914); Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Kew, 1923); 3XZ Melbourne (Kew, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Kew, 1919-1925); electrical engineer (Kew, 1928-1954); engineer (Kew, 1963)

===''GIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gibbons|Gibbons, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XB-YRJ] - 1907(Wales)-19??(???) - Licences: 2FG Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 255, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Neutral Bay, 1930); clerk (Gordon, 1954-1968); director (Turramurra, 1972-1977)

===''GIBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. G. Gibson|Gibson, E. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Ormiston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
*[[/Edgar McLean Gibson|Gibson, Edgar McLean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-SM5] - 1877(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1925), possibly held on behalf of son Leighton - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs - Relationships: father of 4AN William Leighton Gibson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Toowoomba, 1908-1917; Greenslopes, 1922); engineer (Manly, 1936-1937; Hawthorne, 1943-1968)
*[[/George Holland Gibson|Gibson, George Holland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MXPG-HB4] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: XQG Brisbane (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Fortitude Valley, 1915-1917); mechanic (Newmarket, 1919-1928; New Farm, 1937-1943); telephone technician (Bulimba, 1954-1977)
* [[/Richard Leslie Gibson|Gibson, Richard Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9QNS-G8V] - 1900(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2GH Alstonville (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 578, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Alstonville, 1930-1949); retired (Alstonville, 1963-1968; Ballina, 1972)
* [[/William Gerrand Gibson|Gibson, William Gerrand]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWJY-5G9] - 1869(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Politician, Federal Postmaster-General 1923-1929 [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/gibson-william-gerrand-6313 ADB]
*[[/William Leighton Gibson|Gibson, William Leighton &quot;Leighton&quot; &amp; &quot;Gibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-Q7S] - 1907(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 73, 1925, No. 7 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN &quot;Bananalander&quot;); wireless business employee (Phillips Radio) - Relationships: son of 4AN Edgar McLean Gibson - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Manly, Qld, 1936-1937; Camp Hill, Qld, 1943); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949); business executive (Balgowlah, NSW, 1958); regional representative (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GIDDINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hudson Giddings|Giddings or Whitney, Albert Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR4-PDP] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 5FI Adelaide (Nailsworth, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1556, 1935, SA; 1COCP 102, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant, Signals) - Electoral Rolls: PMG employee (Sale, Vic, 1968); technician (Elwood, Vic, 1972); clerk (Hughs, ACT, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/612780 VWMA]
* [[/Albert William James Giddings|Giddings, Albert William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9711-NG3] - 1909(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DG Stratford (1935-1939); 3DG Numurkah (1947-1948); 3DG Lancefield (1954-1969);  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1574, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster;; WW2 (RAAF, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Culgoa, Vic, 1931); bank clerk (Pakenham East, Vic, 1934); bank officer (Stratford, Vic, 1936-1937); warrant officer RAAF (Point Cook, Vic, 1942); bank official (Numurkah, Vic, 1949)

===''GILFILLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles Kent Gilfillan|Gilfillan, William Charles Kent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-93Q] - 1869(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2AM Receive Sydney (Greenwich, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: independent means (Manly, 1913); soldier (Manly, 1930-1935); no occupation (Redfern, 1937); manufacturer (Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''GILHOOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Forrest Gilhooley|Gilhooley, Joseph Aloysius Forrest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-L6N] - 1877(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2AH Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darlinghurst, 1903; Hunters Hill, 1930-1935); traveller (Hunters Hill, 1937-1949)

===''GILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Stewart Gill|Gill, Alan Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH6B-JQ4] - 1907(NSW)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 7AS Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 191, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist &amp; engineer (Electrolytic Zinc Co) - Electoral Rolls: research chemist (Hobart Central, 1928; Sandy Bay, 1936-1949); chemist (Hobart South, 1954)
* [[/Alfred Wyatt McKenzie Gill|Gill, Alfred Wyatt McKenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBP-B8D] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2TS Receive Sydney (Killara, 1923); 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Killara, 1933-1937; Wahroonga, 1949); soldier (Wahroonga, 1943); airline officer (Wahroonga, 1954-1958)
===''GILLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Rex Gregory Gillett|Gillett, Clarence Rex Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWJC-ZDW] - 1919(SA?)-2020(SA) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (All Wave All World DX Club, Australian DX Radio Club (SA Branch), South Australian DX Radio Club, Australian Radio DX Club, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia, New Zealand Radio DX League) - substantial portion (100+) of QSL collection survives (SSD, NFSA)
===''GILLHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman William Gillham|Gillham, Norman William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTT-M8V] - 1906(Tas)-1994(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923-1924); 7NW Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 176, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 944, 1927 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sandy Bay, 1928); joiner (Queensborough, 1936-1937); builder (Nelson, 1943-1954)
===''GILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Clifford Gillon|Gillon, Peter Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD7M-X53] - 1895(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 99, 1915 - Coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls: operator (Bondi, 1934); radio telegraphist (Crow's Nest, NSW, 1936; Cooktown, Qld, 1937; Townsville, 1943); telegraphist (Kensington, NSW, 1949-1954; Cremorne, 1958); radio operator (Cremorne, 1963-1968)

===''GILMOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stanley Gilmour|Gilmour, Norman Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-PVG] - 1890(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2ZU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1930; Potts Point, 1931; City, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 28, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: director (Neutral Bay, 1930); business manager (Darlinghurst, 1931); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1937; Mosman, 1943-1958)

===''GINBEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Haldane Ginbey|Ginbey, Ian Haldane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-73N] - 1913(WA)-1962(WA) - Licences: 6IG Perth (Fremantle, 1938-1939; Bicton, 1947-1948; Attadale, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2084, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1936; Fremantle, WA, 1937; South Fremantle, WA, 1943); salesman (Melville, WA, 1958)

===''GINGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ubitt Victor Ginger|Ginger, Ubitt Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5P-G76] - 1891(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2LF Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923); 2LF Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1924; North Sydney, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; police officer - callsign 2LF to L. R. Filmer, Toronto from Sep 1925, Bracken from 1933 - Electoral Rolls: constable (Chatswood, 1930-1933); police constable (Marrickville, 1934); constable (Naremburn, 1936-1937)

===''GINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Ginn|Ginn, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZC-95C] - 1917(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Townsville (1936-1939; 1946-1948); 4GE Brisbane (Hendra, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1749, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, RAAF, AIF); employment (life insurance agent) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Townsville, Qld, 1943); shop assistant (Windsor, Qld, 1949); salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''GIVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. James M. Givens|Givens, L. James M. &quot;James&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LX-7WR] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3EP Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1923); 3EP Melbourne (Canterbury, 1924-1927); 3XY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 849, 1925; AOLCP 121, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (Canterbury, 1931-1937; Camberwell, 1943); photographer (Delbridge, 1954)

===''GLASSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Ronald John Glassop|Glassop, Ronald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBZX-P8N] - 1910(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 2RF Newcastle (City, 1934-1935; Blackhalls, 1936; Hamilton East, 1937); 4BG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 4BG Maryborough (1947-1969); 4BG North Tamborine (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1288, 1934, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; insurance assessor - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Newcastle, NSW, 1932-1935); clerk (Hamilton, NSW, 1937); insurance inspector (Clayfield, Qld, 1937); insurance secretary (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1968); retired (Miami, Qld, 1972; Mt Tamborine, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''GLOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Frederick Glover|Glover, Alexander Frederick or Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L246-XZ6] - 1925(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3AFG Sale (1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2705, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Sale, 1949); mechanic (Sale, 1954-1980)
* [[/Arthur James George Glover|Glover, Arthur James George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2MT8-CZ8] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1928-1931; Surrey Hills, 1933); 3AG Warrnambool (1937-1939); 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1946-1960; Camberwell, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 392, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 1129, 1928; 2COCP 153, 1930; 1COCP 29, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Box Hill, 1931); engineer (Box Hill, 1936); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1937); engineer (Canterbury, 1943; Box Hill, 1949-1954); automation engineer (Camberwell, 1963-1968); engineer (Camberwell, 1972-1977)
* [[/Maurice Glover|Glover, Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-25R] - 1912(Vic)-2003(Tas) - Licences: 7MG Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 7MG Swansea (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2129, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nelson, 1943); no occupation (Swansea, 1949; Nelson, 1954)
* [[/Maxwell Arthur Glover|Glover, Maxwell Arthur &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-58X] - 1902(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3GB Receive Melbourne (Auburn, 1922); 3GB Melbourne (Camberwell, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: No record of AOCP; 3COCP 671, 1948 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Camberwell, 1924-1934); wool buyer (Toorak, 1935-1936; South Yarra, 1937); director (Malvern, 1949-1980)
===''GLUSKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Gluskie|Gluskie, C. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GODDARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Endacott Goddard|Goddard, John Endacott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNBM-L27] - 1914(WA)-1943(Crete) - Licences: 6JG Perth (North Perth, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1427, 1935, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Fremantle, 1936) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links:  [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/goddard-john-endacott-406692/ Aviation Museum WA]; [https://anzac.site/greece/crete-operation-thesis-goddard/ Operation Thesis]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1703409 AWM Roll of Honour]

===''GOFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Goford|Goford, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZH-W3H] - 1898(Eng)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4MI Mount Isa (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1675, 1936, Qld; BOCP 387, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Mt Isa, Qld, 1937); broadcasting technician (Goonellabah, NSW, 1943); DCA technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1954-1963)

===''GOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold|Gold, Clifford Henry Yarburgh or Yarborough &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19B-YYC] - 1906(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Brisbane (Hill End, 1926-1931); 4CG Toowoomba (1933-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 262, 1926, No. 21 in Qld; AOLCP 186, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (West End, 1928-1931); radio operator (Toowoomba, 1934); projectionist (Toowoomba, 1936-1963); radio technician (Balmoral, 1968-1977) - Relationships: nephew of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; also Doug &amp; Geoff
* [[/Douglas Edward Gold|Gold, Douglas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RL-XQB] - 1917(NSW)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 254, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Toowoomba, 1943-1949); assistant manager (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)
* [[/Edward Edwin Gold|Gold, Edward Edwin &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L13Q-WZV] - 1894(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Toowoomba (1924-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 7, 1924, No. 1 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; awarded Class B licence for 4GR Toowoomba; commercial broadcast station proprietor (4GR); Relationships: father of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; uncle of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowoomba, 1925-1958)
* [[/Geoffrey Kilvington Gold|Gold, Geoffrey Kilvington]] - 1943(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 2210, 1963; AOLCP 1608, 1964 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Douglas Edward Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio broadcaster (Annerley, 1968)
===''GOLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick John Golden|Golden, Patrick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSFG-R49] - 1893(Ire)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4PG Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely UK) - ship wireless operator; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Wynnum Heights, 1928-1931); radio dealer (Clayfield, 1936-1937); radio operator (Flying boat base, Karumba, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''GOLDSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Herbert Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Frank Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93SX-QL8] - 1895(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6FG Perth (Nedlands Park, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 377, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio journalist - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Perth, 1917); journalist (Bunbury, 1921-1922; Nedlands, 1925-1949; Roleystone, 1954-1958); retired (Rossmoyne, 1968-1972)
* [[/Gordon William Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWR-BKR] - 1914(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5HM Cowandilla (1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1629, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GOLDSWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Goldsworthy|Goldsworthy, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4D7-C24] - 1910(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (Valley, 1934-1939); 4WA Rockhampton (1947-1948)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1341, 1934, Qld; 2COCP 1112, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Valley, Qld, 1934-1943); aeradio operator (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)

===''GOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jasper Claude Golley|Golley, Jasper Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-S1F] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5JX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1937; Glengowrie, 1938-1939; Seacliff, 1948-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1522, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Glengowrie, SA, 1939-1941; Seacliff, SA, 1943)

===''GOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Good|Good, Edward Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMS7-P78] - 1864(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Glenrowan (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Taminick, 1903); traveller (Taminick, 1909-1930)

===''GOODE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Russell Goode|Goode, Arthur Russell]] - 1889(Vic)-1971(Vic) - XLK Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1913), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic),  PMGD (telegraphist, Central Office, Melbourne, 1903-1921), Listener-In (journalist; editor), author several books, grandfather of Michael Goode 3BDL
* [[/Michael Goode|Goode, Michael]] - 3ZYY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1969+), 3BDL Melbourne, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1968, No. ?? in Vic), historian (amateur radio, 5 metres), grandson of XLK Arthur Russell Goode

===''GORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Arthur Gorman|Gorman, Clarence Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLZ-X8H] - 1895(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: XCG Sydney (Oatley, 1913-1914); 2EC Receive Sydney (Arncliffe, 1922); 2EC Sydney (Arncliffe, 1923-1925); 2CG Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1929); designated operator 2UI Illawarra Radio Club (Kogarah, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 222, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: NSW winner 1923 Trans-Pacific Tests - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Rockdale, 1930-1931; Kogarah, 1932-1943; Hargrave Park, 1949; Villawood, 1954-1963)

===''GOSTELOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Victor Gostelow|Gostelow, Alfred Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVQ-PCX] - 1897(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: XABD Dorrigo (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Uralla, 1930-1936; Scone, 1937-1949; Terrigal, 1954-1968); retired (Terrigal, 1972)

===''GOTTING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Benjamin Gotting|Gotting, Herbert Edward Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLY-HLD] - 1889(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N760 Receive Braemar (1922); 2ID Receive Braemar (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Braemar, 1930); electrician (Mittagong, 1936-1937); engineer (Mittagong, 1949-1963)

===''GOVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Neville Govan|Govan, Walter Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XF-YDT] - 1905(Vic)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5WG Port Pirie (1934-1939); 5WG Crystal Brook (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1273, 1934, SA; BOCP 40, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lead burner (Port Pirie, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1943)

===''GOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Selwyn Harry James Gover|Gover, Selwyn Harry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-D2L] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Nundah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 789, 1923; 2COCP 43, 1929; 1COCP 249, 1939 - amateur receiver; ship wireless officer - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Annerley, Qld, 1925); marine radio officer (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1968)

===''GOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gelston Stewart Gow|Gow, Gelston Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7HP-61D] - 1895(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: XBW Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2GG Sydney (City, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 411, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1930); electrician (Darlinghurst, 1933-1943); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1954-1972)

===''GOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Nelson James Gowlett|Gowlett, Frank Nelson James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G619-PYV] - 1891(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 163, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Townsville, 1925); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1930-1931); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1934-1937; Cooktown, 1943-1949; Maroubra, 1949); radio officer (Maroubra, 1958-1963)

===''GOYDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil William Goyder|Goyder, Cecil William]] - about 1906(Eng)-1980(NJ, USA) - G2SZ England, amateur operator [http://www.clement-jones.com/ps03/ps03_313.html]

===''GRAHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Ernest Graham|Graham, Donald Ernest &quot;Don&quot;]] - 1933(WA)-2012(WA) - 6HK Perth (Mount Hawthorn, 1954-1956; Wembley Downs, 1960-1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 3162, 1951, No. ?? in WA) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), DoC / DoTaC (WA State Broadcasting Engineer) - a good life, well lived [https://stephbg.livejournal.com/669733.html]
* [[/James Alexander Graham|Graham, James Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G979-6RF] - 1905(Sct)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4JQ Brisbane (Ekibin, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2058, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 510, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Ekibin, Qld, 1937-1954)
* [[/William Denton Graham|Graham, William Denton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGS-KB5] - 1895(Tas)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2RR Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2WG Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 227, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Rockdale, 1930-1937); process worker (Bondi Junction, 1943); iron worker (Rockdale, 1949-1968); machinist (Rockdale, 1977); retired (Liverpool, 1980)
* [[/William Thompson Graham|Graham, William Thompson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR1-SL3] - 1902(Sct)-1987(Tas) - Licences: 7BV Receive St Mary's (1923); Receive St Mary's (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer's assistant (St Mary's, 1925-1954);

===''GRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin John Rawle Grant|Grant, Colin John Rawle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-BXF] - 1902(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4JG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 310, 1926, No. 32 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; accountant - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloowin, 1925-1934); security officer (Eagle Junction, 1936); auditor (West Nundah, 1937); retired (Southport, 1968-1980)
* [[/James Grant|Grant, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2DP Newcastle (Stockton, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 555, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/William Patrick Grant|Grant, William Patrick &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-YJC] - 1917(Ireland)-19??(Ireland) - Licences: 4WU Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1801, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 269, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; air controller (Shannon Airport) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GRANTHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Richard Grantham|Grantham, Sidney Richard &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ6-B8S] - 1920(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4SG Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1946-1956); 4SG Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1960; Hendra, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2083, 1938, Qld; 1COCP 927, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, IREE, RFDS council); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); federal public servant (DCA, Aeradio; PMGD/DoC, radio inspector); broadcast technician (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: RAAF (Yerongpilly, Qld, 1943); broadcast engineer (Harristown, Qld, 1949); engineer (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); radio inspector (Hendra, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GRANVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Florence Violet Granville|Granville (nee) / Wallace / McKenzie, Florence Violet &quot;Mrs Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRR8-ZWS] - 1890(Vic)-1982(NSW) - 2GA Sydney (Sydney, 1922-1924; Greenwich, 1925-1939), 2FV Sydney (Sydney, 1946-1950; Circular Quay, 1954; Greenwich, 1955-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 109, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, business proprietor, signals instructor - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mckenzie-florence-violet-15485 ADB]

===''GRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Gray|Gray, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Albert Howell Gray|Gray, Albert Howell &quot;Dave&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXM-J83] - 1907(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2IJ Receive Sydney (Killara, 1922); 2IJ Sydney (Killara, 1923-1939, 1946-1969; Whale Beach, 1975-1980+); 2AG Sydney (McMahons Point, 1931-1938; Lane Cove, 1939); 2APV Sydney (McMahons Point, 1954; Strathfield, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 90, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Killara, 1930-1936); engineer (Killara, 1937-1968; Whale Beach, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Malcolm Gray|Gray, Frank Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBBV-5XS] - 1910(SA)-2011(Qld)100yo - Licences: 5MU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1932-1933); 5SU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1937-1939, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1017, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 5MU possibly withdrawn for 5MU Murray Bridge - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Toorak Gardens, 1939)
* [[/George Henry Boulderson Gray|Gray, George Henry Boulderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTTN-WVM] - 1912(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JP Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1796, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot, Qld, 1936-1943); sound engineer (Ascot, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''GREEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Green|Green, Albert Ernest]] - 1869(Vic)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - State &amp; Federal politician; Postmaster-General (1931-1932) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Albert Green (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Herman Rowland Green|Green, Herman Rowland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-LGY] - 1915(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: 5OJ Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1679, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. Green|Green, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Yeronga, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter William Green|Green, Walter William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-R87] - 1911(WA)-2012(WA) - Licences: 6WG Albany (1936-1937); 6WG Wiluna (1937-1939); 6WG Albany (1947-1960); 6WG Derby (1965); 6WG Norseman (1969); 6WG Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1676, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936); fitter (Albany, WA, 1958-1963); plant inspector (Norseman, WA, 1968); mechanic (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''GREENHALGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Neal Greenhalgh|Greenhalgh, Kenneth Neal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-NGD] - 1909(NSW)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 2KG Newcastle (Hamilton, 1929-1930; Rooty Hill, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Mayfield West, 1934-1939; New Lambton, 1946-1956; Adamstown Heights, 1957-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 550, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 73, 1932; 1COCP 839, 1944; TVOCP 18, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Hamilton, 1930); broadcasting engineer (2KO Sandgate, 1933); engineer (Mayfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (New Lambton, 1943-1954; Adamstown, 1958-1968; Adamstown Heights, 1977-1980) 
===''GREENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold John Greenham|Greenham, Arnold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH9-QQS] - 1907(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4EE Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933); 4AG Gympie (1934); 4AG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1946-1948); 4AG Caloundra (1954-1956); 4AG Brisbane (Kallangur, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1040, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 807, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; bank employee (NAB) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Gympie, 1936; Innisfail, 1937; South Brisbane, 1943-1949); not stated (Caloundra, 1954-1958); retired (Kallangur, 1963-1972)
===''GREENHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alexander Greenhill|Greenhill, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3K-GWN] - 1904(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LE Brisbane (West End, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1348, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925); ceiling fixer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928); cleaner (West End, Qld, 1937; Archerfield, Qld, 1943); steward (Wilston, Qld, 1949); metal finisher (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); barman (Kirra, Qld, 1958); caretaker (Caloundra, Qld, 1963); cleaner (Woorim, Qld, 1968)

===''GREGORY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. Gregory|Gregory, A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAED Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, possibly Alyn Keith Gregory, bank officer, Bellevue Hill, 1930-1939
* [[/Clyde Francis Burnell Gregory|Gregory, Clyde Francis Burnell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS34-5MV] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Qld) - Licences: Receive Emu Park (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1937); fisherman (Yeppoon, Qld, 1943-1949); taxi driver (Maryborough, Qld, 1958); taxi proprietor (Nelly Bay, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Harold Rigby Gregory|Gregory, Harold Rigby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2C9-CDX] - 1900(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2ED Receive Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1922); 2ED Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1930); inspector (Roseville, 1931-1936); insurance inspector (Roseville, 1937); manager (Newcastle, 1943-1954); insurance manager (Merewether, 1958-1972)
* [[/Robert William Gregory|Gregory, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2FW-QFJ] - 1907(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5GU Mt Barker (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1438, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Kadina, SA, 1939); police officer (Lobethal, SA, 1941-1943)

===''GREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Grey|Grey, Albert Edward &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDK5-374] - 1897(WA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6BO Perth (Nedlands, 1925-1932); 6BO Carnarvon (1933); 6AA Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; RTCP 532, 1920, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP 35, 1934; TVOCP 278 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD); PMGD (postal assistant, Leederville,1919); WW1; RAAF (WW2, radar systems) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1925; Nedlands, 1925-1931); radio inspector (Nedlands, 1936-1972); retired (Nedlands, 1977-1980)
* [[/Elton Edward Grey|Grey, Elton Edward or Edward Elton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWPL-PQ5] - 1920(Qld)-1962(WA) - Licences: 4LX Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939); 6ZX Perth (West Perth, 1948); 6ZX Northam (1954-1955); 6ZX Perth (Leederville, 1956; Floreat Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1689, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (West Perth, WA, 1943); bank clerk (West Perth, WA, 1949); bank officer (Wagin, WA, 1949; Northam, WA, 1954; Floreat Park, WA, 1958)
* [[/James Leonard Grey|Grey, James Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZV-ZY5] - 1915(Sct)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4LN Brisbane (Norman Park, 1937-1938); 2AKO Sydney (Vaucluse, 1939; Pymble, 1946-1961; St Ives, 1965-1969; Neutral Bay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 184, 1934; 2COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF); pilot (RQAC, QANTAS) - Electoral Rolls: aviator (Norman Park, Qld, 1936-1937); airline captain (Pymble, NSW, 1949-1958; St Ives, NSW, 1963-1968); retired (Neutral Bay, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''GRIBBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Gribble|Gribble, Arthur James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Comment: only one reference found, likely misspelling; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''GRIEVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Grieve|Grieve, Ian]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - historian (broadcast); proprietor of Australian Old Time Radio website - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://www.australianotr.com.au/ OTR]
===''GRIFFIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Neville Griffin|Griffin, Thomas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C4-RJ2] - 1889(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2LQ Sydney (Hornsby, 1929-1936); 2AIR Sydney (Northbridge, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 505, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hornsby, 1930-1934); electrical engineer (Artarmon, 1936; Willoughby, 1937; Hornsby, 1943-1949)
===''GRIFFEN-FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bridget Griffen-Foley|Griffen-Foley, Bridget]] - historian (broadcasting) - Professor, Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language and Literature, Macquarie University - author &quot;Changing Stations: The Story of Australian Commercial Radio&quot; &amp; numerous professional articles
===''GRIFFITHS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Arthur Griffiths|Griffiths, Leslie Arthur &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZK-81V] - 1909(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LZ Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1947-1956) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, signaller); cine assistant (Empire Theatre) - Halcyon: AOCP Toowoomba 1938 - Electoral Rolls: assistant projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1931-1937); biograph projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); projectionist (Toowoomba West, Qld, 1963-1968)

===''GRIGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Haydn Errol Grigg|Grigg, Haydn Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BV-N98] - 1899(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922); 2AS Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Darlinghurst, 1935; Edgecliff, 1935-1949; Double Bay, 1954-1968)
===''GRIMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Douglas Grimes|Grimes, Benjamin Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8B-D6J] - 1901(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Annerley, 1923-1924); 4BD Brisbane (Annerley, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 278, 1926, No. 23 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Tarragindi, 1925-1937); share dealer (New Farm, 1943); farmer (Cleveland, 1949-1958); retired (Corinda, 1968-1980)
===''GRIMMETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Urbane Grimmett|Grimmett, Stanley Urbane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L447-3MW] - 1905(NZ)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Newcastle (Hamilton, 1930-1937); 2ZW Sydney (Bankstown, 1938-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1960; Vaucluse, 1961-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 667, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, journalist - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Hamilton, 1930-1937; Strathfield, 1949-1958); Vaucluse, 1963)
===''GRIVELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Grivell|Grivell, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC43-NGM] - 1901(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5BK Yorketown (1930-1933); 5BK Gladstone (1937); 5BK Crystal Brook (1938-1939); 5BK Gawler (1946-1947); 5BK Magill (1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 609, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (5CK Crystal Brook, 1939-1941); telephone mechanic (Gawler, 1943)

===''GROGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold William Grogan|Grogan, Arnold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSS-87B] - 1915(WA)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6EI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1936-1939; City, 1947); 6EI Carnarvon (1948); 6EI Perth (Leederville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1759, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); public servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1949); civil servant (Leederville, WA, 1954-1980)

===''GRONOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rees Gronow|Gronow, William Rees]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVM-KFV] - 1908(Vic)-2003(Vic) - 3EQ Receive Melbourne (City, 1922-1924), 3WG Melbourne (City, 1925-1933; Glen Iris, 1937; Malvern East, 1937; Glen Iris, 1938-1939, 1948-1960; Brighton, 1965-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 178, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, director (Malvern, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1968-1977))

===''GROVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Grove|Grove, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KB-97B] - 1897(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: N746 Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922); 2HZ Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 575, 1920 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Castle Hill, 1930); poultry farmer (Peakhurst, 1933-1949); retired (Burwood, 1963-1972)
===''GROWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Norman Wills Growden|Growden, George Norman Wills &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9C6-15M] - 1913(Vic)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5YM Gladstone (1937-1939); 5YM Wedge Island via Port Lincoln (1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1945, 1937, SA; BOCP 145, 1938; 2COCP 401, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943); wireless operator (RAAF Station, Pearce, WA, 1943)

===''GRUBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Grubb|Grubb, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6WK-K6N] - 1907(Qld)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 4DI Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1931); concrete labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1963); retired (Finch Hatton, 1968)
===''GRUMMITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Frederick Grummitt|Grummitt, Gilbert Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-FFD] - 1906(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4BS Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1929-1933; Hamilton, 1937-1939; Bulimba, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 531, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Fortitude Valley, 1928-1934; Hamilton, 1936-1937); boilermaker (Bulimba, 1949-1958)
===''GRUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hill Grundy|Grundy, Robert Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZP7-F78] - 1915(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5BG Murray Bridge (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 5BG Crystal Brook (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2010, 1937, SA; BOCP 175, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GUILDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Guildford|Guildford, Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-5BG] - 19??(Eng)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4AP Brisbane (Herston, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Sandgate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1342, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, publicity officer) - Electoral Rolls: advertisment writer (West End, Qld, 1934); copy writer (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1936-1949)

===''GUNDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thor Odin Gundersen|Gundersen (BDM) or Gunderson (Census), Thor Odin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHL8-F2W] - 1895(NZ)-1986(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 242, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Bondi, 1930-1931); radio officer (ss Fiona, 1943)
===''GUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Campbell Gunn|Gunn, Kenneth Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-X18] - 1911(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LG Laidley (1932-1937); 4LD Laidley (1937-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 884, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Callsigns: 4LG likely withdrawn for 4LG Longreach - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Laidley, Qld, 1937-1972)

===''GUNTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Eliot Gunter|Gunter, Norman Eliot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2WR-5VB] - 1912(Vic)-1943(At Sea) - Licences: 3NG Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 593, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 372, 1932; 1COCP 51, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (merchant navy, wireless operator) - Electoral Rolls: sales (Caulfield, 1935; Hawthorn, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1428541]
===''GURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Carlisle Gurner|Gurner, Reginald Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8S8] - 1905(SA)-1975(SA) - 5CZ Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); 5RG Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923-1928; Linden Park Gardens, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 31, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Linden Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GURR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Frederick Gurr|Gurr, Alan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-KJV] - 1904(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Geelong East (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geelong, 1926-1928; Belmont, 1931-1972)
* [[/George Henry Gurr|Gurr, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L46K-DBB] - 1896(SA)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 5GO Adelaide (Parafield, 1933); 3QH Melbourne (Stanmore, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1142, 1933, SA; 3COCP 185, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Parkville, Vic, 1926); ground engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1928); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954)

===''GUTTERIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frank Gutteridge|Gutteridge, Reginald Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNYP-KSN] - 1886(Tas)-1942(WA) - Licences: V759 Receive (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm manager (Marnoo, Vic, 1921); electrical engineer (Rupanyup, 1924-1927)

=='''H'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''HADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lionel Trimble Hadley|Hadley, Arthur Lionel Trimble &quot;Doc&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7ZX-G9Y] - 1900(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4AH Brisbane (Clifton Hill, 1930-1933; Dutton Park, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 636, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: signwriter (Taringa, 1921); salesman (Toowong, 1922-1925); motor assembler (Yeronga, 1929); radio mechanic (South Brisbane, 1937); technician (Annerley, 1949-1958); retired (Inala, 1958; Seven Hills, 1963)
===''HADLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Lindsay Hadlow|Hadlow, Martin Lindsay]] - radio clubs (NZDXRL, ARDXC, DXA), early wireless and broadcasting historian (Ph.D. Thesis,)

===''HAGARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neville Douglas Hagarty|Hagarty, Neville Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G38J-GBJ] - 1907(Qld)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster (on 4WH); radio club participant; business proprietor; pilot; federal public servant (DCA) - Relationships: brother of 4WH William Edward Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: woodworker (Hospital Hill, 1930)
* [[/William Edward Hagarty|Hagarty, William Edward &quot;Edward / Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G384-TL3] - 1905(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4WH Longreach (1925-1939); 4WH Townsville (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 172, 1925, No. 16 in Qld; 2COCP 271, 1939; 1COCP 309, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; engineer; postal employee (PMG); federal public servant (PMG) - Relationships: brother of Neville Douglas Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Longreach, 1930-1937); aeradio operator (Longreach, 1943); officer commanding aeradio station (Townsville, 1949-1954); communications officer (Townsville, 1958-1963; Mysterton, 1968)

===''HAI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pham Nhu Hai|Hai, Pham Nhu &quot;Hai&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), Director Broadcasting ITU-R
===''HAIGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bartin Robert Alfred Read Haigh|Haigh, Bartin Robert Alfred Read]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-J8B] - 1854(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: N752 Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2IA Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1930); poultry farmer (Seven Hills, 1933)
===''HAINES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Lewis Harrison Haines|Haines, Claude Lewis Harrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-8F6] - 1906(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5CH Millicent (1933-1937); 3QM Geelong (Belmont, 1938-1939); 5CH Mt Gambier (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1118, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Belmont, Vic, 1937); engine driver (Mt Gambier, SA, 1941-1943)

===''HALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl William Millar Hale|Hale, Carl William Millar &quot;William&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VR-TPL] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3GH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3GH Anglesea (1924-1931+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 120, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Elsternwick, 1924); architect (Hawthorn, 1958-1968; Malvern, 1977-1980)
===''HALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lovett Hall|Hall, Geoffrey Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDB-ZD3] - 1895(Tas)-1972(Tas) - Licences: Receive Waddamanna (1923-1924); 7GH Waddamanna (1925-1931+); 7GH Hobart (1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 137, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 85, 1937 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); engineer (New Town, 1936-1949)
* [[/Graham George Hall|Hall, Graham George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HN-Z89] - 1910(Vic)-1971(Eng) - Licences: 3WO Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931; Hawthorn, 1933); 2AGH Sydney (Five Dock, 1937; Strathfield, 1938-1939; Hurstville, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 482, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Auburn, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Abbotsford, 1937); engineer (Hurstville, 1949-1954; South Hurstville, 1958-1968)
* [[/Reginald Allen Hall|Hall, Reginald Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 539, 1929, No. ?? in ???? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. F. Hall|Hall, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3FH Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3FH Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Charles Hall|Hall, William Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BH Abermain (1930-1933); 2XT Abermain (1934-1936); 2XT Kurri Kurri (1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2XT Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1950-1965; Toronto, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 643, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Abermain, 1935; Kurri Kurri, 1937-1943); hotel licensee (Newcastle, 1949-1963); retired (Toronto, 1972; Carey Bay, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2BH licence withdrawn for 2BH Broken Hill commercial; Beware several contemporaneous WCH in Newcastle region
===''HALLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philpot Hallam|Hallam, William Philpot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MX-Y3J] - 1859(Tas)-1952(Vic) - Licences: XZH Hobart (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; PMGD Vic + Federal - Electoral Rolls: Nil
===''HALLIDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Fred Halliday|Halliday, Eric Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC26-L5B] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5FW Adelaide (Hectorville, 1935-1939; South Payneham, 1947-1969; Magill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1494, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Crystal Brook, 1939)

===''HALYDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Guyler Halyday|Halyday, James Guyler]] - 1904(Vic)-19??(???) - 4HZ Gympie (1939, 1946-1980+) , amateur operator (AOCP 2287, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ; Gympie ARC), military (WW2), employment (SEAQ linesman)

===''HAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilton Ham|Ham, George Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-P28] - 1905(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1923); 4GW Brisbane (Northgate, 1930-1931; Coorparoo, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 572, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (Toombul RC); employment (Chandlers) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1937; St Lucia, 1943-1968); retired (Jamboree Heights, 1972-1980)
* [[/Guildford Ham|Ham, Guildford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67H-W9Y] - 1906(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 101, 1937 - radio technician - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (South Brisbane, 1928-1937); radio technician (South Brisbane, 1943; Bald Hills, 1943; Annerley, 1954); technician (Wavell Heights, 1958-1963)
* [[/Thomas Edward Ham|Ham, Thomas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88F-R3P] - 1921(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4WX Brisbane (Chelmer, 1937-1939); 2AGA Sydney (Kogarah, 1946-1947; Carlton, 1948-1950; Sylvannia Heights, 1954-1975); 4AGT Buderim (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2056, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Sylvannia, 1954-1968); mechanic (Sylvannia, NSW, 1972-1977); retired (Buderim, 1980)
===''HAMILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Ormsby Hamilton|Hamilton, John William Ormsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MG65-XRC] - 1869(Tas)-1944(Eng) - Australian representative of Pacific Radio Telegraph Co and Marconi Telegraph Co, promoted a scheme to link Aus/NZ/Pacific Islands (rejected by Aus Gov 1909), migrated to England to work for Marconi, donated Ormsby Hamilton Radio Prize in memory of his father Thomas Ormsby Hamilton
===''HAMMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Harold Hammond|Hammond, John Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HP-67H] - 1875(NSW)-1932(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: barrister-at-law (Ashfield, 1913); barrister (Killara, 1930-1932)
* [[/Herbert Bowes Hammond|Hammond, Herbert Bowes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-2PK] - 1907(NSW)-1967(NSW) - 2NI Sydney (Chatswood, 1925; Epping, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928; Naremburn, 1929-1930), amateur operator (AOCP 64, 1925 01, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 895, 1925 12; 2COCP 318, 1931), amateur broadcaster

===''HANCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. A. Hancock|Hancock, C. A. or G. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V748 Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922); 3GU Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/D'Arcy Maxwell Hancock|Hancock, D'Arcy Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCG4-L3Y] - 1910(SA)-2017(SA)107yo - Licences: 5RJ Kadina (1927-1939, 1946-1960); 5RJ Adelaide (Mitchell Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 356, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kadina, 1947)

===''HANNAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hannam|Hannam, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G83F-J78] - 1913(NSW)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 2IR Sydney (Hurstville South, 1935-1937); 2IR Orange (1938-1939); Sydney (South Hurstville, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1472, 1935, Qld; BOCP 9, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hurstville, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Orange, 1943; Hurstville, 1949); engineer (Cheltenham, 1949-1954; Moorabbin, 1963)
* [[/Walter Henry Hannam|Hannam, Walter Henry &quot;Wally&quot; &quot;Wal&quot;, &quot;Doc&quot;, &quot;Fatty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273W-H9T] - 1885(NSW)-1965(NSW) - XQI Stamford, Qld (1911-1914); 2YH Sydney (Balmain, 1924; Mosman, 1924-1933; Willoughby, 1934-1939); 2AXH Terrigal (1954-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 27, 1924, No. 10 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; radio clubs (WIA NSW, first secretary 1910); wireless operator Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1912-1914) - Relationships: don't confuse with father William Henry Hannam of Hannams Ltd, engineers &amp; sheet metal workers - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Walter Henry Hannam|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/biography/hannam_walter.php Bio1]; [https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/people/walter-hannam/ Bio2]
===''HANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hansen|Hansen, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-45T] - 1914(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4FH Brisbane (Forest Hill, 1935-1939); 4SV Brisbane (Bulimba, 1948-1965; Carina, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1508, 1935, Qld; BOCP 1039, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, 1937, radio technician); state public servant (BCC, communications officer) - Relationships: father of Graham Hansen 4FV - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Forest Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); WT Operator (Wendouree, Vic, 1942); RAAF (Maryborough, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Carina, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''HARDGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Hardgrave|Hardgrave, Philip &quot;Pop&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMPF-XL5] - 1857(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4PH Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1150, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: oldest person in British Empire to obtain a full licence - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Wellington Point, 1916-1928)
===''HARDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Netherton Kilgour Hardie|Hardie, Bruce Netherton Kilgour]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ95-FMJ] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - 3YX Melbourne (Garden Vale, 1925-1933; City, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 49, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, WIA Vic, accountant
===''HARDISTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Hardisty|Hardisty, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-C4W] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DH Perth (Victoria Park, 1926-1939; West Perth, 1946-1948; Applecross, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 273, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Victoria Park, 1931-1943); radio mechanic (Applecross, 1954-1980)
===''HARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. R. Hardy|Hardy, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2RD Sydney (Glebe, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 187, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''HARKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dennis James Harkin|Harkin, Denis or Dennis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G45Q-9PH] - 1903(SA)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3YN Receive Melbourne (Prahran, 1923); 3KF Melbourne (Kensington, 1924-1925); 3YN Melbourne (Preston, 1924-1926); 4YN Bowen (1927); 3YN Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1931); 3YY Newport (1938); 6YN Pearce (1938); 3ADJ Melbourne (Prahran, 1946-1948; Middle Park, 1954-1956; Thornbury, 1960-1975); 4ADJ Maryborough (1980) - Qualifications: CPRT 782, 1923; 1COCP 280, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club participant (WIAQ); career military (RAAF); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Preston, Vic, 1926; Brunswick, Vic, 1931; Newport, 1937); RAAF (Clifton Hill, 1942); technician (Prahran, 1949; Albert Park, 1954); radio technician (Thornbury, 1963-1972); nil (Maryborough, 1977-1980)

===''HARLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Harlen|Harlen, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8MP-TWB] - 1884(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Sunnybank, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1908); fruit grower (Sunnybank, Qld, 1912-1949)

===''HARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Nicoll Harley|Harley, Gordon Nicoll]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-41H] - 1901(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: &quot;4AR Unlicensed&quot; Ipswich (1926-1928); 4GH Ipswich (1928-1933); 4GH Didcott (1937-1939); 4GH Maryborough (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 385, 1928, No. 43 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (radio manufacture); employment (school teacher); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Brassall, 1925); school teacher (Didcot, 1936-1943); teacher (Maryborough, 1949); school teacher (Maryborough, 1954-1980)

===''HARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Harmer|Harmer, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRTY-KHZ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4XW Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Camp Hill, 1954-1956; Coorparoo, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1301, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIAQ); telephone technician (PMGD); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1954); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''HARRANTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wolf Harranth|Harranth, Wolf]] - 1941(Austria)-2021(Austria) - Licences: OE1WHC Austria - curator of Dokufunk, host of the world's largest collection of amateur radio and broadcast QSLs; amateur radio operator; broadcast announcer; historian (amateur radio, broadcasting); children's book author; translator - provided the core of the WIA QSL collection
===''HARRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Harris|Harris, Alfred Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY1-F4K] - 1900(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3CH Birchip (1926-1939; 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: AOCP 303, 1926, No. ?? in Vic -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, class B licence? - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ouyen, 1924); electrical engineer (Birchip, 1925-1954; Power Station, Ouyen, 1963)
* [[/Ross Clifford Harris|Harris, Ross Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y2-DZF] - 1917(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5FL Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1939; Malvern, 1947-1948; Hawthorn, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1651, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Valentine Harms Harris|Harris, Valentine Harms]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PM-FDM] - 1909(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6NL Perth (Shenton Park, 1935-1939; Applecross,  1947-1969); 6NL Denmark (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1579, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 6YL Ruth Victoria Harris nee Longley - Electoral Rolls: garage employee (Subiaco, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); mechanic (Applecross, WA, 1949-1972)
===''HARRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Lionel Carr Harrison|Harrison, Percival Lionel Carr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-VDC] - 1912(WA)-2001(WA) - Licences: 6LH Perth (Claremont, 1937-1939; Armadale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1909, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Claremont, WA, 1936-1937); civil servant (Armadale, WA, 1943-1980)

===''HARRISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Harriss|Harriss, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8HN-THZ] - 1873(Eng)-1932(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Longreach Radio Club), business proprietor (Jackson &amp; Harriss) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Longreach, 1930) - Relationships: father of Dorothy Winnifred Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss
* [[/Dorothy Winnifred Harriss|Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGYC-3CP] - 1905(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4DH Longreach (1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 573, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); first YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: typist (Longreach, 1930); home duties (Longreach, 1936-1943; Warwick, 1949; Toowoomba, 1954-1977; Macgregor, 1980) - Relationships: daughter of Alfred George Harriss
===''HARRISSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harrisson|Harrisson, Charles &quot;Snowy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-VK3] - 1908(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1933); 3CN Shepparton (1937-1939); 7CH Hobart (Moonah, 1954-1960); 7CH Burnie (1965); 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 348, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of Charles Turnbull Harrisson, biologist in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Shepparton, 1936-1949); bank manager (Moonah, 1954)

===''HARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie William Harston|Harston, Leslie William or William Leslie &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQD-XVY] - 1897(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1932-1939, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 903, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (art shop) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Clayfield, Qld, 1921-1943); no occupation (Holland Park, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''HART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Samuel Hart|Hart, Augustus Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CMQ-4CP] - 1890(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 57, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Watchem, Vic, 1912; Glen Thompson, 1913); wireless engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1936-1937); wireless operator (Esperance, 1943); telegraphist (Darwin, 1949); wireless officer (Moonee Ponds, 1963-1968; Essendon, 1972)
* [[/James Claude Hoyte John Hart|Hart, James Claude Hoyte John &quot;Hoyte John&quot;, &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWC-W4C] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2HO Sydney (Manly, 1928-1931; Roseville, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; St Ives East, 1957-1975; Manly, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 410, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 4622, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1933-1954; St Ives, 1958-1963); retired (St Ives, 1968-1977; Manly, 1980)
* [[/Norman Victor Hart|Hart, Norman Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNK3-TXW] - 1908(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4KO Booval (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 760, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIA, Ipswich RC); engineer - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Booval, 1932-1937); grocer (Booval, 1943-1949); radio technician (Booval, 1954-1972; East Ipswich, 1977-1980)

===''HARVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. C. L. Harvey|Harvey, B. C. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAC Melbourne (Port Melbourne, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edward Rossiter Harvey|Harvey, Edward Rossiter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBP-BK8] - 1918(WA)-2009(Qld) - Licences: 6RG Perth (Scarborough, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4RK Surfers Paradise (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2041, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Leederville, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1943); newsagent (Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); shopkeeper (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1963); proprietor (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Mermaid Waters, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Manning Herbert Harvey|Harvey, Manning Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZGG-LFZ] - 1887(Tas)-1932(Tas) - Licences: XZC Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1914-1928)

===''HASKARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Geoffrey Haskard|Haskard, Reginald Geoffrey &quot;Geoff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-S35] - 1906(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Jamestown, 1923-1924); 5RH Adelaide (Jamestown, 1927-1931; North Adelaide, 1933; Malvern, 1937-1939; Helmsdale, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1975; West Beach, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 316, 1927, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1558, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retreader (Malvern, 1939-1941); wireless operator (Malvern, 1943)

===''HATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Westrop Henry Hatfield|Hatfield, Westrop Henry &quot;West&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-VF5] - 1909(Vic)-1998(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)
===''HATTAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Hattam|Hattam, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZV-QDL] - 1906(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3HW Castlemaine (1929-1939); 3BAL Castlemaine (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 541, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 410, 1941 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Castlemaine, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Castlemaine, 1954-1967); engineer (Castlemaine, 1968-1972)

===''HAWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haworth|Haworth, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G823-JT3] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences Q737 Receive Qld (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ironside Estate, 1917); mechanic (Taringa, 1921-1928); lineman (North Tmborine, 1931); electrical mechanic (Eagle Heights, 1936; Toowong, 1937); telephone mechanic (Bundaberg, 1943-1949); technician (Toowong, 1954-1972); retired (Caloundra, 1977-1980)
===''HAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edgar Cecil Hawson|Hawson, Thomas Edgar Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-ZV9] - 1916(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Ipswich (Woodend, 1937-1939; East Ipswich, 1947-1948); 4CH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1969; Salisbury, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2016, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: agent (Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (East Ipswich, Qld, 1949); storekeeper (Windsor, Qld, 1954; Yeronga, Qld, 1958; Salisbury, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''HAYMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Inglis Hayman|Hayman, William George Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-CX1] - 1897(Eng)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6BG Perth (Claremont, 1925); 6GH Perth (Claremont, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist; educator - Electoral Rolls: lecturer (Claremont, 1922-1929); engineer (Claremont, 1931-1954); civil servant (Claremont, 1958-1968) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hayman-william-george-12971 ADB]
===''HAYNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Lot Henry Haynes|Haynes, Bruce Lot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC44-8M4] - 1898(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2YA Armidale (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Armidale, 1930-1936); poultry farmer (West Pennant Hills, 1943-1958)
* [[/Thomas Ambrose John Haynes|Haynes, Thomas Ambrose John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSC5-WXM] - 1902(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5AY Adelaide (Black Forest Estate, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 835, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Black Forest, 1939-1943)

===''HAZLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett|Hazlett, Royce Stanley Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXX4-F38] - 1932(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4ZRH Brisbane (Wellers Hill, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOLCP 1159, 1961, Qld - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4EO Stanley Albert Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1963); electrical contractor (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1968-1972); contractor (Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Stanley Albert Hazlett|Hazlett, Stanley Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC33-RH7] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4EO Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 4ZRH Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, Qld, 1925-1928); buyer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''HEARPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Hearps, David Edward]] - See David Edward Vaughan (assumed change of name)

===''HEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Harry Heath|Heath, Allan Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y4-4DT] - 1914(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5ZX Adelaide (Prospect Park, 1934-1939; Highgate, 1947-1956; Brighton, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1369, 1934, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''HEATHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Heathers|Heathers, Cyril John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XN-NG9] - 1909(Eng)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2GZ Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1934); 2UA Sydney (Bankstown, 1935-1939; Artarmon, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 615, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Bankstown, 1930-1943); telephone engineer (Artarmon, 1949-1968); engineer (Artarmon, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2GZ callsign likely withdrawn by PMGD for 2GZ Orange commercial

===''HEILBRONN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Heilbronn|Heilbronn, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJHL-PW3] - 1894(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4GG Chinchilla (1929-1939); 4GG Yarraman (1946-1955); 4GG Crows Nest (1956); 4GG Millmerran (1960); 4GG Brisbane (Wynnum, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 565, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Qld Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fireman (Chinchilla, 1925-1937); locomotive driver (Yarraman, 1954); engine driver (Millmerran, 1943-1958); retired (Wynnum, 1963-1968) 
===''HEINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Heine|Heine, John Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VS-V1F] - 1908(Tas)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 7JK Hobart (City, 1927; Bellerive, 1931); 4JX Brisbane (City, 1933; Ascot, 1935; Kangaroo Point, 1937; Mowbray Park, 1938-1939); 3JF Melbourne (Beaumaris) (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 355, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, 1934; Norman Park, 1937); engineer (Brighton, 1949); representative (Beaumaris, 1954-1980)
===''HEINRICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Latimer Heinrich|Heinrich, William Latimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG5-S7Y] - 1917(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5HR Bute (1934-1939); 5HR Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1376, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmhand (Bute, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HEITSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry John Keith Heitsch|Heitsch, Henry John Keith or Heinrich Johann]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CV-QYP] - 1907(Vic)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 3HK Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1939, 1947-1975); 4AHK Scarness (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 516, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano fitter (Mitcham, 1931-1954); technician (Mitcham, 1963-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1980)

===''HELLAWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Herbert Hellawell|Hellawell, Francis Herbert &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK5G-478] - 1885(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur radio clubs (member, WIQ); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, 1913-1914; Coorparoo, 1919; East Annerley, 1925; Annerley, 1929-1934); clerk (Brisbane City, 1937); no occupation (Beachmere, 1943-1949; Annerley, 1954-1958)
===''HELLYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leicester Henry Hellyer|Hellyer, Leicester Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KFNW-BTC] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LS Sydney (Rockdale, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 600, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Rockdale, 1930-1933; Manly, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936-1937; Willoughby, 1943; Artarmon, 1949-1963; Newport, 1968-1977)

===''HENDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Henderson|Henderson, Frederick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-XRX] - 1891(Eng)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 208, 1916 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/S. A. Henderson|Henderson, S. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JN Adelaide (Walkerville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HENNESSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] - 1896(Qld)-19?? - 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld), fourth YL operator in Qld
===''HENRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Geddes Henry|Henry, Arthur Geddes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4QW-K9Z] - 1907(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK Sydney (Sandringham, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 494, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Sandringham, NSW, 1930-1937); engineer (San Souci, 1949-1963; Northbridge, 1968)
* [[/Clement John Henry|Henry, Clement John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6T-RPC] - 1905(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Uralla (1923); 2CH Uralla (1924-1929); 2UR Uralla (1930-1939); 2UR Blakehurst (1946); 2UR Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1948-1957; Pymble, 1958-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 85, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Withdrawal: 2CH callsign withdrawn in 1930 for 2CH Sydney - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Uralla, 1930-1937); electrical fitter (RAAF Richmond, 1943); technician (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954; Pymble, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Edwin Henry|Henry, John Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL6B-GD6] - 1868(Vic)-1933(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Receive Mt Alford via Boonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: baker (Gundy, NSW, 1913); farmer (Boonah, Qld, 1917-1921); storekeeper (Mt Alford, Qld, 1922-1926); baker (Dayboro, Qld, 1928; Wondai, Qld, 1931)
* [[/Raymond Cherrington Henry|Henry, Raymond Cherrington &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-C1Y] - 1894(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5CY Cook (1935-1939); 5RY Adelaide (Goodwood, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1421, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: Son, also named RCH, passed in WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HENWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Franklin Henwood|Henwood, Ralph Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89X-CF6] - 1912(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6RL Perth (North Perth, 1930-1933; Claremont, 1937); 6RL Northam (1946-1948); 2AXA Sydney (Rose Bay, 1960-1961); 6RL Perth (Claremont, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 720, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 2, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio serviceman (Claremont, 1936); radio operator (6AM) (Northam, 1937); radio technician (Northam, 1943-1949; Claremont, 1954); technician (Bellevue Hill, 1958; Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977)

===''HEPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Dean Hepton|Hepton, William Dean &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRBB-VN5] - 1898(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4WD Brisbane (Milton, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 918, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, instructor 1932-1935) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1921; Milton, Qld, 1925-1963)

===''HERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Kinross Herd|Herd, James Kinross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-YSQ] - 1901(Vic)-1963(Vic) - 3JK Baccus Marsh (1924-1927), 3JK Wangaratta (1933-1939, 1946-1956), 3JK Mornington (1960), amateur operator (AOCP 36, 1924, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''HERSCHEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Victor Herschel|Herschel, Henry Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4N6-76H] - 1902(Qld)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4UK Cairns (1929-1931); 4UK Toowoomba (1933); 4UK Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 564, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1925; Cairns, 1930; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937)- Comment: Passed too soon

===''HESKETH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hesketh|Hesketh, John]] - 1868(Eng)-1917(Vic) - early wireless experimenter, senior state public servant (Qld electrical engineer), senior federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer), military (Royal Engineers, Eng; Qld Defence Force, lieutenant)

===''HEWITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Hewitt|Hewitt, Archibald John &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DZ-TNY] - 1910(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939); 5XK Kingscote (1946-1948); 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1954; College Park, 1955-1956; Lucindale, 1960; Semaphore, 1965-1969; Ottaway, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 582, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Kingscote, 1939-1941)
* [[/Clarence Richard Hewitt|Hewitt, Clarence Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6D1-718] - 1900(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Brisbane (Rosalie, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1919); student (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1921-1926); moulder (Rosalie, Qld, 1928); carpenter (Rosalie, Qld, 1936-1943; Indooroopilly, Qld, 1949); hotel manager (Indooroopilly, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Horace Thomas Hewitt|Hewitt, Horace Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MN6S-JBL] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PD Brisbane (Moorooka, 1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2377, 1939, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Hodgson, Qld, 1925; Bowen, Qld, 1930); mechanic (Roma, Qld, 1936-1937); turner (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Thomas George Hewitt|Hewitt, Thomas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-PLM] - 1900(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 4TH Cairns (1937-1939); 2LH Lismore (1946-1961); 2ATG Lennox Head (1955-1961) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Cairns, Qld, 1930-1943; Lismore, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''HIAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Charles Hiam|Hiam, Robert Charles &quot;Charles&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VCT-14T] - 1888(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: XLD Melbourne (Balaclava, 1913-1914); 3LW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1931; Caulfield North, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 174, 1915 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: tailor (St Kilda, 1913-1928; Caulfield, 1931-1968); retired (Beaumaris, 1972-1980)

===''HICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Joseph Hicks|Hicks, Henry Joseph &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QG-RRR] - 1913(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 1HH Macquarie Island (1955-1956); 4HG Willis Island (1963); 9HG Lae, New Guinea (1965-1969); 4HG Tolga (1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 2468, 1941, Qld; 1COCP 784, 1944 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: letterpress machinist (Cairns, 1936-1937); printer (Newtown, 1943); radio officer (Broome, 1963); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1972); retired (Tolga, 1977-1980) - Awards: BEM (1958, Officer in Charge, Radio Weather Reporting Station, Willis Islets)

===''HIGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Gordon Conway Higgins|Higgins, John Gordon Conway &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD45-FKK] - 1884(NSW)-1963(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 29, 1914 - wireless telegraphist, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Perth, 1910-1912); radio engineer (Prahran, 1925-1927); manufacturer (St Kilda, Vic, 1934-1937); soldier (Caulfield, 1942); military duties (South Yarra, 1949); retired (Dromana, 1954; Sorrento, 1963)

===''HILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Edward Hilder|Hilder, Henry Edward]] - 1919(???)-1984(Qld) - 4HH Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1946-1948; Nudgee, 1954-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, AIF Signals), employment (Brisbane Fire Brigade, communications), (Halcyon says AOCP Brisbane 1936 but no record)
===''HILDYARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol David Hildyard|Hildyard, Athol David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-TBD] - 1919(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7DH Hobart (City, 1936-1939, 1948; Montagu Bay, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1735, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; 1AOCP 50, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcast technician (Hobart South, 1943-1949); radio engineer (Montagu Bay, 1954)
===''HILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Wyatt Hill|Hill, Alfred Wyatt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Y-5VM] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Arthur Stanley Hill|Hill, Arthur Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-FRC] - 1906(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6AH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1985, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Husband of 6MH Mary Lilian Hill nee - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Wiluna, WA, 1931); engineer (Wiluna, WA, 1936-1949); business manager (Wiluna, WA, 1954-1963); retired (West Busselton, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/Frederick John Hill|Hill, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-1J5] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TY Kurri Kurri (1929-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 500, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: colliery employee (Pelaw Main, 1930; Stanford Merthyr, 1934; Kurri Kurri, 1936-1937); winding driver (Kurri Kurri, 1968)
* [[/Mary Lilian XXXX|Hill nee , Mary Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-JZY] - 1906(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6MH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6MH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1976, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 6AH Arthur Stanley Hill - Electoral Rolls:

===''HILLHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Reid Hillhouse|Hillhouse, James or James Reid]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-YZJ] - 1907(Sct)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4ZO Collinsville (1933-1939, 1947-1975); 4ZO Bowen (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1115, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coal miner (Collinsville, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Gladstone, Qld, 1977)

===''HILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Hilton|Hilton, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPR-P1K] - 1876(???)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XEQ Sydney (St Leonards, 1913-1914); 2BA Receive Sydney (Crows Nest, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Newtown, 1903); postmaster (Stockton, 1930-1932; Kurri Kurri, 1934-1936); retired (Long Jetty, 1943-1949)

===''HINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Hine|Hine, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBY-3SZ] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2QL Sydney (Campsie, 1935-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Homebush, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1434, 1935, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Campsie, 1930-1931; Temora, 1932-1935); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1936-1937; Concord, 1943); radio officer (Homebush, 1954-1958; Strathfield West, 1968; Homebush, 1977-1980)

===''HIPWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Anson Le Hunt Hipwell|Hipwell, Ronald Anson Le Hunt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HJ-SMM] - 1902(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Swan Hill (1929-1933); 2ACD Broken Hill (1937-1939); 3ACD Melbourne (Dromana, 1955-1956); 5AJ Port Augusta (1960-1965); 3AEI Melbourne (Dromana, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 486, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 140, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1925); electrical engineer (Swan Hill, 1931); radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1935-1943); radio electrical fitter (Dromana, 1949-1954); retired (Dromana, 1972)

===''HIRSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jacob Alexander Hirsch|Hirsch or Deerson, Jacob or Jakob Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWZX-RZ3] - 1896(Aus)-1979(Aus) - Licences: 2AE Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Oatley, 1930-1937); clerk (Canberra, 1949); no occupation (Pambula Beach, 1954-1972; Merimbula, 1977)
===''HITCHCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leith Fuller Hitchcock|Hitchcock, Leith Fuller]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWC-Y61] - 1897(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4LH Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1931-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bacteriologist (Wooloowin, 1921-1936); research officer (Wooloowin, 1943-1949)

===''HOAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. M. Hoad|Hoad, C. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 319, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - Individual not yet identified
===''HOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Cecil Hoar|Hoar, John Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVKW-HND] - 1900(Eng)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6OR Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1939; Mosman Park, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 786, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Barracks, Fremantle, WA, 1925-1931; East Fremantle, WA, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, WA, 1949-1963)

===''HOARE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Hoare|Hoare, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99K-6N4] - 1895(NSW)-1975(NSW) - 2PH Gosford (1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 82, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, railway signalman
* [[/Pierce Mark Hoare|Hoare, Pierce Mark]] - 1895(NSW)-1988(NSW) - 2SL Lismore (1934-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1227, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Richmond River Listeners' League)

===''HOBART-DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Hobart-Duff, William Vere see Duff, William Vere Hobart]]
===''HOBCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hurtle Horace Hobcroft|Hobcroft, Hurtle Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-G5T] - 1899(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5RE Adelaide (West Brunswick, 1928); 5RE Renmark (1931-1939, 1946-1956); 5RE Adelaide (Linden Park, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 420, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Relationships: Father of Rex Kelvin Hobcroft - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlton North, 1925-1926; Brunswick West, 1928); horticulturalist (Renmark, 1939-1943)

===''HOBLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Forde Hobler|Hobler, Cecil Forde]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Barcaldine, 1928) - Relationships: cousin of 4DO Harold Learmonth Hobler?
* [[/Harold Learmonth Hobler|Hobler, Harold Learmonth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKZ-8N1] - 1906(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 1217 Rockhampton (1921-1924); 4DO Receive Rockhampton (1923); 4DO Rockhampton (1925-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 110, 1925, No. 12 in Qld; CPRT 1003, 1928 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, JOTA); business proprietor (picture theatre), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1930-1937); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1943); soldier (Bulimba, 1943); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1949); theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1958-1963); property owner (Rockhampton North, 1968-1977) - Relationships: cousin of Cecil Forde Hobler?

===''HODDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Hodder|Hodder, Clarence William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLK-ZRC] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5LY Adelaide (Parkside, 1934-1939, 1947; Bridgewater, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1354, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HODDINOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Hoddinott|Hoddinott, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4Q-3X7] - 1886(Vic)-1972(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Eagle Junction, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockville Estate, Toowoomba, Qld, 1908; Toowoomba, Qld, 1912; Sandgate, Qld, 1919; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1921-1943; West End, 1949); retired (Tamborine Mountain, Qld, 1958-1963; Hendra, Qld, 1968)

===''HODGKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Charles Hodgkinson|Hodgkinson, Francis Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBM-J4S] - 1906(???)-1977(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: jeweller's assistant (Ulverstone, 1928-1949); watchmaker (Ulverstone, 1954)

===''HODSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Hodson|Hodson, Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-DV2] - 1890(SA)-1917(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 145, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hoe|Hoe, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS4Q-CSG] - 1886(Vic)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer; business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Father of 4FO Fred Hoe - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fortitude Valley, Qld, 1913; Yeronga, Qld, 1916-1919); manager (Yeronga, Qld, 1921-1972)
* [[/Fred Hoe|Hoe, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G796-MWK] - 1913(Vic)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4FO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1933-1939; Annerley, 1946-1954) -  Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 53, 1931; AOCP 1188, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Edgar V. Hudson); business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Son of Frederick Hoe - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Yeronga, Qld, 1936-1937); general manager (Annerley, Qld, 1949); business manager (Salisbury, Qld, 1954); manager (Buranda, Qld, 1954-1963; Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968); company director (Holland Park West, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''HOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hogg|Hogg, Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TCR] - 1908(Eng)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6SG Harvey (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1382, 1934, WA; BOCP 142, 1938; 2COCP 240, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: milk tester (Harvey, WA, 1930-1937); radio operator (AAMS Wireless Station, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949); aircraft engineer (Kewdale, WA, 1954-1968; Belmont, WA, 1972); retired (Coodanup, WA, 1977; Mandurah, WA, 1980)

===''HOLLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Evan Holland|Holland, Albert John Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-VBH] - 1896(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 12, 1924, No. 3 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 3JH Frank Henry James Holland - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925; Essendon, 1926); engineer (Essendon, 1928-1931; Camberwell, 1936-1954); nil (Nunawading, 1963)
* [[/Frank Henry James Holland|Holland, Frank Henry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-S1W] - 1899(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 596, 1920 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well placed in Trans-Pacific Tests 1923 despite inferior equipment - Relationships: brother of 3JH Albert John Evan Holland - Electoral Rolls: wireless instructor (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925); boot repairer (Essendon, 1926-1928); labourer (North Essendon, 1931); boot repairer (Olinda, 1934-1943); postal clerk (Sandringham, 1949); clerk (Heidelberg, 1954-1968)
* [[/Ronald Weymouth Holland|Holland, Ronald Weymouth &quot;Ron&quot;]] - 1914(???)-1983(Qld) - 4AQ Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 2392, 1939, No. ?? in Qld)
===''HOLLOWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hart Holloway|Holloway, William Hart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-HRT] - 1876(Eng)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 20, 1914; 1COCP 41, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Brunswick, Vic, 1909; Whitemark, Flinders Island, 1914-1919); wireless operator (Broome, 1918-1922); O.J.C. Radio (Camberwell, 1924-1926); radio officer (Thursday Island, 1928); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Emita, Flinders Island, 1936-1937); farmer (Lady Barron, 1943-1949)

===''HOLST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Owen Holst|Holst, Arnold Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-ZPD] - 1898(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: XPH Melbourne (Caulfield, 1913-1914); 3OH Melbourne (Toorak, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY); electrician - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: sharebroker (Camberwell, 1922-1934; Toorak, 1935-1972)
* [[/Hector James Holst|Holst, Hector James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-X23] - 1903(Vic)-1954(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1954) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1925-1954)
* [[/Otto Holst|Holst, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-2M7] - 1906(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1955-1967) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 79, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY) - took over 3BY callsign after passing of brother Hector James Holst in 1954 - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Caulfield, 1928-1963)
===''HOLT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Molineux Holt|Holt, Bernard Molineux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQR-MJP] - 1883(NZ)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - president WIA WA; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA WA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1910-1914; Osborne, 1917-1954)

===''HOMBERG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. G. Homberg|Homberg, S. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3RG Melbourne (Malvern, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morten Honnor|Honnor, John Morten]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNV-ZM6] - 1900(SA)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 5AE Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 192, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1941); RAAF (Ballarat, Vic, 1942); instructor (Hampton, 1949; Bentleigh, 1954-1980)

===''HOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Hamilton Hood|Hood, John George Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G772-RK8] - 1904(NSW)-1971(Vic) - 3BP Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922); 3BP Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1933; Toorak, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 182, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (East St Kilda, 1925-1931); draughtsman (Toorak, 1934-1937; Malvern, 1943-1967)

===''HOOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel George Alfred Hooke|Hooke, Lionel George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NK-KDV] - 1895(Vic)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 3M? Melbourne - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 529, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator (Aurora, 1914, support Shackleton's expedition), radio clubs (IRE Aust), business (AWA, senior management), honours (knighted, 1937) - Electoral Rolls: wireless (Brighton, Vic, 1921-1927); business manager (Neutral Bay, 1933); manager (Killara, NSW, 1936-1972) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hooke-sir-lionel-george-alfred-10536 ADB]

===''HOOKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Theodore Hooker|Hooker, Walter Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1W-QB5] - 1901(St Kitts)-1949(Tas) - Licences: 7JH Hobart (New Town, 1933-1939); 7JH Waddamanna (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1161, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart North, 1922); electrical engineer (New Town, 1928); electrician (New Town, 1936); engineer (Waddamanna, 1937-1943)

===''HOOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Wallbank Hooper|Hooper, Allan Wallbank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8M-VJG] - 1898(SA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 432, 1919; 2COCP 8, 1929; 1COCP 127, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: unemployed (Manly, NSW, 1949); telegraphist (Little Bay, NSW, 1949; Yarra Bay, NSW, 1954-1958)

===''HOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyndsay Arthur Hope|Hope, Lyndsay Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYX-575] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Tas) - Licences: 7LA Launceston (1925-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 188, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; WW2; gave up experimental callsign for use by his Class B licence, 7LA Launceston - Relationships: brother of 7RS Ronald Springfield Hope - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Launceston, 1928); bank officer (Ulverstone, 1936); accountant (Scottsdale, 1949; Bridport, 1954-1972)
* [[/Ronald Springford Hope|Hope, Ronald Springford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTCW-PDG] - 1909(Tas)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 7RS Launceston (1926-1927); 7RS Hobart (City, 1931; Sandy Bay, 1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 263, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 75, 1932; ROCP N1832, 1976 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (designed &amp; constructed transmission systems for 7HO Hobart &amp; 7UV Ulverstone); later employed by STC England - Relationships: brother of 7LA Lyndsay Arthur Hope - Electoral Rolls: broadcast engineer (Queensborough, Tas, 1936); not specified (Finchley, Eng, 1936-1938); engineer (Thornleigh, NSW, 1949-1954); company director (Beecroft, NSW, 1958-1980)
===''HOPKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alfred Hopkins|Hopkins, Edward Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM4D-3QJ] - 1902(Tas)-1992(NSW) - Licences: Receive Moonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 4858, 1964 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Moonah, 1928); engineer (Milson's Point, 1936-1943); electrical engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1949-1954); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1958-1980)

===''HORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin John Horan|Horan, Kevin John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-FTZ] - 1912(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5DQ Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1931; Unley, 1933); 2AJU Broken Hill (1938-1939); 5DQ Adelaide (Flinders Park, 1947-1960; Grange, 1965-1969); 3ZD Melbourne (Glen Waverley, 1975); 5IT Adelaide (Fulham, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 672, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clovelly, NSW, 1943); manager (Glen Waverley, 1972-1977)

===''HORN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Horn|Horn, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS41-9K4] - 1909(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Tara (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2021, 1937, Qld; BOCP 578, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Somerset Dam, Qld, 1936-1937; Baralba, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); medical practitioner (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Irvan James Horn|Horn, Irvan James or James Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-GB6] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6JH Perth (City, 1928, 1937-1939); 3HX Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 427, 1928, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 29, 1935; 1COCP, 127, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Perth, WA, 1936-1937); wireless officer (Subiaco, WA, 1943); electrical contractor (Subiaco, WA, 1949); contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1949); electrical contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1963); retired (West Perth, WA, 1977; Subiaco, WA, 1980)
===''HORROCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Samuel Blake Horrocks|Horrocks, George Samuel Blake]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF94-19M] - 1911(WA)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 6GS Harvey (1932-1939, 1947-1948); 6GS Wagin (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 919, 1932, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1154, 1950; TVOCP 61, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Harvey, WA, 1936-1949); radio technician (Mt Lawley, WA, 1954); technician (Bentleigh North, Vic, 1963)

===''HOSKEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Dryden Hosken|Hosken, Arthur John Dryden]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6KH-BX8] - 1889(Eng)-1966(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 727, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Williamstown, 1914-1919); Amalgamated Wireless (Darwin, 1922)
* [[/Stanley Victor Hosken|Hosken, Stanley Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HWQ-MGG] - 1894(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3MP Receive Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3MP Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923-1924; Surrey Hills, 1925-1933; Broadmeadows, 1934-1939; St Albans, 1946-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1965; Mitcham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 6, 1924, No. 2 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (3AR, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hawthorn, 1919-1924); electrical engineer (Surrey Hills, Vic, 1925-1931); senior mechanic PMGD (3AR station, Broadmeadows, 1936-1937); civil servant (3AR Station, St Albans, 1942-1954); nil (Hawthorn, 1963-1967; Mitcham, 1968)
===''HOSKING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Piere Hosking|Hosking, Aubrey Piere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYV-D7R] - 1891(South Africa)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 376, 1918; 1COCP 117, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Townsville, 1919); telegraphist (South Yarra, Vic, 1921-1922); radio telegraphist (Canterbury, Vic, 1924); sales manager (Canterbury, Vic, 1925-1926; Balwyn, Vic, 1928; Lindfield, NSW, 1930-1963)
===''HOSKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stark Hoskins|Hoskins, John Stark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61K-FZ3] - 1891(NZ)-1987(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 147, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Claremont, WA, 1929)

===''HOWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Earl Stephen Howard|Howard, Earl Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMV-XQL] - 1895(Tas)-1938(Vic) - Licences: 7ET Hobart (Moonah, 1928-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 470, 1928, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922; Moonah, 1928-1936)
===''HOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Maxwell Howden|Howden, John Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH2L-7LN] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: 3ZCH Melbourne (Burwood, 1956; Box Hill 1960-1975); 3BQX Melbourne (Box Hill, 1980+) -  Qualifications: AOLCP 187, 1956; AOCP V610, 1979 - amateur operator - Relationships: son of 3BQ Walter Francis Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Walter Francis Maxwell Howden|Howden, Walter Francis Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G43K-1TC] - 1899(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: No 19 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1920); V140 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1921); 3BQ Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3BQ Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1927; Canterbury, 1928-1939 &amp; 1946-1975+); 3ABQ Melbourne (portable, &quot;Canterbury&quot;, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 114, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, first to QSO USA; first to QSO England, first on telegraphy, then telephony; journalist (Listener In); Bright Star Crystals 1930s-1950s; QSLs: substantial portion of QSL collection survives at NFSA (1800+) - Relationships: father of 3ZCH/3BQX John Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls: student (Box Hill, 1924-1927); wireless engineer (Ringwood, 1928); engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1954) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199611.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199612.pdf EA2]
===''HOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph Howe|Howe, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD83-QNG] - 1886(Irl)-1949(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 117, 1915; 1COCP 15, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Pinkenba, Qld, 1919; Moonah, Tas, 1922; New Town, Tas, 1928-1943)
* [[/Raymond Raine Howe|Howe, Raymond Raine &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHH-KJN] - 1919(Qld)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 4RH Bundaberg (1936-1939); 2ARH Sydney (Vaucluse, 1946-1955; Epping, 1956-1960); 3YH Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1812, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; 3AIR 1009, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); military (RAAF, career, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: Wireless Operator (Richmond, NSW, 1943); RAAF (Vaucluse, NSW, 1949); RAAF officer (Campbell, ACT, 1963); RAAF (Syndal, Vic, 1967); RAAF officer (Dickson, ACT, 1972-1977); retired (Narrawallee, NSW, 1980)

===''HOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Montague Howlett|Howlett, Arthur Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPZ-NWZ] - 1882(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 130, 1915; 2COCP 253, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Esperance, 1916); warrant officer R.A.N.R.S. (Thursday Island, 1919); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1925-1931; Clayfield, Qld, 1936); wireless operator (Clayfield, 1943-1954); retired (Clayfield, Qld, 1958)

===''HUBSHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lassalle Paul Hubsher|Hubscher or Hubsher, Lassalle Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWF-8DP] - 1913(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4UL Brisbane (Bulimba, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1578, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; Evans Deakin engineering - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); draftsman (Annerley, 1943-1968)

===''HUDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Hudson|Hudson, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4BR-1P4] - 1895(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XBO Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1913-1914); 2PO Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923); 2AR Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1922-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 18, 1924, No. 8 in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1963) - Comment: beware, several contemporaneous WHHs

===''HUEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Meredyth Huey|Huey, Richard Meredyth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WP-Y1Z] - 1913(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2HU Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1931; Cronulla, 1933-1937); 3UE Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1938-1939); 2AHU Sydney (Sylvania, 1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 437, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Cronulla, 1935-1937); army officer (Melbourne, 1943); engineer (West Pennant Hills, 1949; Pennant Hills, 1954; Edgecliff, 1958-1963; Sylvania, 1977-1980); retired (Mittagong, 1980)

===''HUGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Roy Huggins|Huggins, David Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDW3-LXL] - 1892(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: organ builder (Petersham, 1913); piano maker (Neutral Bay, 1930-1968); builder (Cremorne, 1972)
===''HUGHES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Alan Hughes|Hughes, Clive Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MV-3XQ] - 1900(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3CA Ararat (1927); 3CA Melbourne (Williamstown, 1931-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 343, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Williamstown, 1924-1928); schoolmaster (Williamstown, 1936-1963)
* [[/George Herbert Hughes|Hughes, George Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-4JB] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4HU Brisbane (Windsor, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1929, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: store keeper (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1937); branch manager (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); technician (Tarragindi, Qld, 1963-1980)
===''HUGO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald William Stuart Hugo|Hugo, Ronald William Stuart or Stewart (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-CLZ] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KW Perth (Subiaco, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Floreat Park, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2081, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Subiaco, WA, 1931-1934); salesman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1963); manager (Floreat Park, WA, 1968-1977)

===''HULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Galbraith Hull|Hull, Allan Galbraith &quot;Braith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-PTY] - 1905(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - journalist (Wireless Weekly, editor; Radio and Hobbies, editor 1939; Australasian Radio World, editor 1940-1950) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; 3JU Ross Amos Hull - Electoral Rolls: sales (St Kilda, Vic, 1926-1927); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1931); journalist (Northbridge, NSW, 1934; Bondi, NSW, 1935-1936); engineer (Rose Bay, 1937); manager (Malvern, 1942); journalist (Mornington, 1949); publisher (Sandringham, 1954); printer (Oakleigh, 1958-1963; Chadstone, 1967-1968; Glen Iris, 1972; Mt Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frederick Atherley Hull|Hull, Frederick Atherley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5M-MT9] - 1906(NZL)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6FH Pingrup (1930-1931); 6FH Port Hedland (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 6FH Perth (Claremont, 1960-1975; Nedlands, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CRPT 1139, 1929; 2COCP 271, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Perth, 1929); radio operator (Port Hedland, 1937-1954); unemployed (Claremont, 1958); technical officer (Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 6RH Raymond Alfred Hull
* [[/George Maxwell Hull|Hull, George Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LQ-S44] - 1916(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3ZS Melbourne (Canterbury, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2307, 1939, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Canterbury, 1943); proprietor (Canterbury, 1949-1980)
* [[/Raymond Alfred Hull|Hull, Raymond Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP1-BSL] - 1908(NZ)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6RH Pingrup (1929-1931); 6RH Perth (Wembley, 1937; Mt Hawthorn, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 558, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 590, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, 1934); traveller (Subiaco, 1949); sales director (Victoria Park, 1958-1963) - Relationships: brother of 6FH Frederick Atherley Hull
* [[/Ross Amos Hull|Hull, Ross Amos]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-P5W] - 1902(Vic)-1938(USA) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic Kew, president, 1923); journalist (Wireless Weekly, technical editor; QST, technical editor) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198902.pdf EA]
* [[/William Howard Hull|Hull, William Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7WJ-723] - 1891(Tas)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Relationships: brother of 3JU Ross Amos Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Cobungra, 1914-1915); engineer (Armadale, 1921; Brighton, 1922-1931; Caulfield, 1934-1949); retired (Beaconsfield Upper, 1954)

===''HUME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest James Hume|Hume, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYR-TZM] - 1869(Vic)-1929(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; son of James Hill Hume, father of Ernest Jeremy Hume
* [[/Ernest Jeremy Hume|Hume, Ernest Jeremy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-727] - 1906(SA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - chief engineer 5DN - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Unley, 1939-1941; Oakleigh, Vic, 1949-1963; Carnegie, 1968-1977) - Relationships: grandson of James Hill Hume, son of Ernest James Hume and Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy
* [[/Geoffrey Vincent Hume|Hume, Geoffrey Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQCL-NM1] - 1909(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2GV Sydney (Cremorne, 1927-1930); 2AMD Sydney (Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 365, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Neutral Bay, 1930-1936; Mosman, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942); clerk (Turramurra, 1949); technical assistant (Pymble, 1954-1980)
* [[/James Hill Hume|Hume, James Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-SLD] - 1822(??)-1887(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - alleged very early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: father of Ernest James Hume; father-in-law of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; grandfather of Ernest Jeremy Hume 
* [[/Stella Leonora Harriet Jeremy|Hume nee Jeremy, Stella Leonora Harriet]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-33D] - 1882(Vic)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil -  radio announcer (early 5DN) - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Ernest James Hume; daughter-in-law of James Hill Hume; mother of Ernest Jeremy Hume
===''HUMPHRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] - See Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood 4JH
* [[/Jack Lawrence Humphry|Humphry, Jack Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7M] - 1889(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JK Poopoonbah via Giru (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1349, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Husband of 4JH Innis Jane Lovett Humphry nee Spotswood - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Hodel, Ayr, Qld, 1912-1937; Poopoonbah, 1949-1954)
===''HUNT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Alexander Hunt|Hunt, Joseph Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-9MM] - 1912(WA)-2002(WA) - Licences: 6JA Perth (Maylands, 1938-1939); 6JD Perth (Rockingham, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2112, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, WA, 1936; Maylands, WA, 1937-1949); retired (Rockingham, WA, 1972)

===''HUPPATZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Huppatz|Huppatz, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWTP-DF5] - 1900(Vic)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5GW Cowandilla (1931-1933); 5GW Naracoorte (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 801, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Naracoorte, SA, 1939); engineer (Cowandilla, 1941-1943)

===''HURLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Hurll|Hurll, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXC-BFF] - 1904(NSW)-2003(Qld, 98yo) - Licences: 2BC Sydney (Killara, 1924-1930); 4NJ Tallebudgera Creek (1931-1935); 2HJ Sydney (Killara, 1935-1937; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2IN?/2DKH Sydney (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 96, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, CMF, CINT), business proprietor (Gas Light Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Killara, 1930); merchant (Killara, 1936-1937); soldier (Strathfield, 1943); company manager (Burwood, 1949-1963); Managing Director (Killara, 1968); Director (Killara, 1972-1980)

===''HURRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Bruce Hurry|Hurry, Ronald Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-G1C] - 1911(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 693, 1930, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster?, electrical engineer, teacher - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HUSBAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Errol Husband|Husband, Norman Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6F7-N7B] - 1893(Qld)-1961(NSW) - Licences: XABY Sydney (North Sydney, 1913-1914); 4CV Receive Charters Towers (1923); 4CV Charters Towers (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Charters Towers, 1917-1922; Mackay, 1925-1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1949-1958)

===''HUTCHINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings|Hutchings, Allan Thomas Edwards]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-2TM] - 1903(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HL Receive Callawadda (1922-1923); 3HL Callawadda (1924-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of 3HM Elizabeth Lilian Hutchings nee Edwards; brother of 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Callawadda, 1927-1972)
* [[/Elizabeth Lilian Edwards| Hutchings nee Edwards, Elizabeth Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-25T] - 1877(Vic)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 3HM Callawadda (1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 509, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1926-1942) - Relationships: mother of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings and 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - First woman in Australia to hold an amateur licence under the AOCP regime - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1925-1942) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Marjorie Lilian Hutchings|Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB52-GSC] - 1912(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Callawadda (1932-1939; 1946-1948); 3HQ Melbourne (Bentleigh, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1030, 1932, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: daughter of 3HM Elizabeth Lillian Hutchings nee Edwards; sister of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Callawadda, 1934-1937); nurse (Alfred Hospital, Prahran, 1943); home duties (Callawadda, 1949; Bentleigh, 1949-1968) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''HUTCHINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Elwood Hutchinson|Hutchinson, Charles Elwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-S6J] - 1894(Vic)-1942(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 728, 1922; 2COCP 278, 1930; 1COCP 307, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Esperance, 1919); radio telegraphist (Darwin, NT, 1922); telegraphist (Esperance, 1925-1931); radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1936-1937; Alberton, SA, 1939; Yatala, SA, 1941)
* [[/John Victor Thomas Hutchison|Hutchison, John Victor Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89S-PY2] - 1907(NZ)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2JH Sydney (Kirribilli, 1927-1937; West Ryde, 1938-1939; Croydon, 1946-1955; Bardwell Park, 1956-1965; Castle Cove, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 374, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1010, 1928 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Milson's Point, 1930-1937); laboratory assistant (Croydon, 1943-1949); radio technician (Bardwell Park, 1958-1968)
===''HUTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Hutson|Hutson, James William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-Z6J] - 1912(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Echuca (1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 635, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon
===''HUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Hutton|Hutton, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-JXG] - 1912(Sct)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Abermain (1929-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 551, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abermain, 1934-1963; Klworth, 1972-1977); retired (Klworth, 1980)

===''HYLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Philip Hyland|Hyland, Leonard Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8N6-XLK] - 1903(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: 7LP Hobart (City, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1791, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 271, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Hobart Central, 1928) - Comment: Passed on Duty; Gone too soon - Links: [https://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/tasmania-fire-service-chief-chris-arnol-urges-everyone-to-reflect-on-the-selflessness-of-firefighters-in-the-pursuit-of-public-safety/news-story/59c6315bbf383ef9bb4e270d60cd9296 Mercury]

=='''I'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''IKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Ikin|Ikin, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWFZ-C37] - 1887(NSW)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 4SM Townsville (1925-1926); 4SM Brisbane (New Farm, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 201, 1925, No. 18 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (dealer licence); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanical engineer (Gladstone, 1913); engineer &amp; electrician (Barcaldine, 1914); manager (Strand Motors, Townsville, 1925); motor mechanic (Mt Garnet, 1937-1949; Cardwell, 1949); farmer (Mareeba, 1954-1972)

===''INGLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Stanley Inglis|Inglis, Kenneth Stanley]] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - historian (ABC); &quot;This is the ABC&quot;; &quot;Whose ABC?&quot; - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Ken Inglis|Wikipedia]] [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1031461X.2018.1493961 Obit]

===''IRELAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Keith Ireland|Ireland, Leslie Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRMD-BPV] - 1908(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5KR Mt Gambier (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 950, 1927; AOLCP 60, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633509 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1721431 AWM]; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ireland-leslie-keith-47849/ AHM]

===''IRESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melville Charles Gladstone Ireson|Ireson, Melville Charles Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZT-ML6] - 1898(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3ZY Kyneton (1931-1933); 3AIR Kyneton (1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 305, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Maldon, 1919); telegraphist (Ballarat, 1925); postal employee (Kyneton, 1931-1954)

===''IRVINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Irvine|Irvine, William]] - 1907(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4IR Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1987, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WIs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''IRVING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Lawson Irving|Irving, Cyril Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-65R] - 1912(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4WL Brisbane (Annerley, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1199, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1980)

===''ISLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Clifford Isles|Isles, James William Clifford &quot;Clifford&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBVH-RV1] - 1894(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CC Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1922); 4CC Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (QWI); business proprietor (Isles Love &amp; Co, Allan &amp; Stark); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1915-1937); manager (Hamilton, 1943-1958); director (Hamilton, 1963)
===''ISRAEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Samuel Israel|Israel, Morris Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-CBC] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XMU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913); 3ZN Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924; Malvern, 1925-1926; Burwood, 1927); 3ZN Geelong, 1931-1933; 3ZN Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 13, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 35, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcasting executive; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (St Kilda, 1919-1924); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1926-1928); broadcasting engineer (Geelong, 1931); engineer (Geelong North, 1936; Camberwell, 1937-1963);

===''IVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Albert Ives|Ives, Cecil Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-848] - 1916(SA)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 5AF Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1451, 1935, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: commercial artist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ives-cecil-albert-300407/]

=='''J'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''JACKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil Jackson|Jackson, Alfred Cecil &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDLP-F65] - 1900(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4AJ Brisbane (Fairfield, 1931); 2BO Bangalow (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 620, 1921; 1COCP 67, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG, Brisbane Cmcls); state public servant (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Fairfield, Qld, 1928-1931); farmer (Possum Creek, NSW, 1934-1937); mechanic (Fairfield, Qld, 1943-1954); farmer (O'Possum Creek via Bangalow, NSW, 1958-1963)
* [[/Alfred George Jackson|Jackson, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY5P-2X1] - 1864(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: 4DG Receive Brisbane (Wynnum, Qld, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; radio clubs (WIQ, QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer - Relationships: father of Arthur Appleton Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1903-1913); electrician (Wynnum, Qld, 1914-1934)
* [[/Arthur Appleton Jackson|Jackson, Arthur Appleton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY55-M8F] - 1891(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer; business proprietor; Relationships: son of Alfred George Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Wynnum, Qld, 1913-1914; Morningside, Qld, 1915-1919; Wynnum, Qld, 1919; South Brisbane, Qld, 1921-1968); retired (Hill End, Qld, 1972; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1977; Hopetoun Home, Oxley, Qld, 1980)
* [[/James William Jackson|Jackson, James William &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7FH-JCW] - 1916(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4CN Brisbane (Cribb Island, 1938-1939; 1946-1969; Lawnton, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2096, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); military (WW2,Northern Command Signals); farmer/electrician/radio &amp; TV serviceman - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cribb Island, Qld, 1937-1968); rubber worker (Lawnton, Qld 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Jackson|Jackson, Thomas William]] - 1830(Eng)-1918(Vic) - Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria ca 1880, clubs &amp; societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, ca 1880)

===''JAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Russell James|James, Brian Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLV-GXV] - 1920(SA)-1944(Europe) - Licences: 5BL Adelaide (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2293, 1939, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 76 Squadron RAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://highgate-rsl.org.au/afcraaf-roll/james-brian-russell-417490/]
* [[/Hector Keith James|James, Hector Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-WVL] - 1905(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2XA Receive Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923); 2XA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Ashfield, 1934; Double Bay, 1935-1936; Coogee, 1937-1938; Woollahra, 1939; Summer Hill, 1948-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 183, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Summer Hill, 1930-1933), engineer (Edgecliff, 1936; Ashfield, 1949; Summer Hill, 1943-1963)
* [[/Herbert Ronald James|James, Herbert Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-1SM] - 1904(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Birchip (1931-1933); 3LH Drouin (1938-1939); 7LH Western Junction (1947); 7LH Launceston (1948); 3AJJ Melbourne (Deepdene, 1954); 3AJJ Lubeck (1955-1956); 3AJJ Braeside (1960); 3AJJ Rupanyup (1965-1969); 3AJJ Nowa Nowa (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 813, 1931, Vic; BOCP 17, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Merbein, 1925); fitter &amp; turner (Merbein, 1928-1931); radio engineer (Merbein, 1936); technician (Western Junction, Tas, 1949); radio engineer (Deepdene, 1954); technician (Rupanyup, 1963-1968); retired (Nowa Nowa, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. James|James, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZE via Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Thomas Reynolds James|James, Thomas Reynolds]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, worked on original Melbourne-Williamstown telegraph line 1854, later in charge of Melbourne Telegraph Office, but transferred to inspectorial work in 1879 due to disorganisation, reinstated in 1880)
===''JAMIESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Jamieson|Jamieson, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4SY-YNQ] - 1896(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: XJW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 3CJ Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1926); 3XX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 130, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1921-1925); mechanic (Malvern, 1926-1968)
* [[/John Edward Jamieson|Jamieson, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-M43] - 1910(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6LA Perth (Beaconsfield, 1930-1933); 6LA Kalgoorlie (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 673, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1936-1937); salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1943); radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954)

===''JANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Harold Jansen|Jansen, Claud or Claude Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-9TN] - 1890(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: V751 Receive Yarrawonga (1922); 3GW Receive Yarrawonga (1922)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: printer (Yarrawonga, 1913-1922); linotype engineer (Yarrawonga, 1924-1931); printer (Shepparton, 1934-1937); linotype operator (Albury, 1937-1949); engineer (Albury, 1954-1968)

===''JARDINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Jardine|Jardine, William Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZC-T63] - 1911(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3PR Melbourne (Essendon, 1929-1933); 3PR Leongatha (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 533, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 108, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Craigieburn, 1934); dairy farmer (Leongatha, 1937-1954); salesman (Leongatha, 1963-1980)
===''JARMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Arthur Jarman|Jarman, Oswald Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-K6Y] - 1894(SA)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 162, 1915; 1COCP 37, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1921-1922); telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1928); supervisor (Bentley, Vic, 1931-1954)
===''JARVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jack Edwin Jarvis|Jarvis, Vincent Jack Edwin &quot;Victor&quot;, &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2K-6FP] - 1912(WA)-1941(Libya) - licences: 2VJ Orange (1930-1933), 2VJ Dubbo (1934), 2VJ Wellington (1935-1936), 2VJ Bathurst (1937), 2VJ Griffith (1938-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 695, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 46, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (2VJ Wellington), broadcast engineer (2BS, 2RG), WW2 (RAAF, Rathmines Flying Boats Base, Palestine, Egypt, Libya) - electoral rolls: radio mechanic (Wellington, 1936), radio engineer (Bathurst, 1937), wireless operator (Rathmines, 1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633817]

===''JEFFRYES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Harry Jeffryes|Jeffryes, Sydney Harry]] - 1884(Qld)-19??(???) - X?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), ship's wireless operator, member of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-1914
===''JEFFS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jeffs|Jeffs, Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-4M8] - 1912?(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4VJ Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1933; City, 1934-1939, 1946; Gordon Park, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 753, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio cub (WIAQ, life member, lecturer, code instructor, field days, JOTA, conventions, operator 4WI); business proprietor (Jeffs Radio) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1934; New Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1937); radio manufacturer (New Farm, Qld, 1943); salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1949); businessman (Gordon Park, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''JENNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Jenner|Jenner, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Y9-64Z] - 1877(Eng)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 7BM Receive Premaydena (1923); Receive Premaydena (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 2ABM John Ingoldsby Jenner - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Lindisfarne, 1914); orchardist (Koonya, 1919-1928); Xray technician (Double Bay, NSW, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935)
* [[/John Ingoldsby Jenner|Jenner, John Ingoldsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKY4-7S2] - 1904(Eng)-1980(???) - Licences: 2ABM Sydney (Maroubra, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1194, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 7BM John Henry Jenner - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Haberfield, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935); telephone engineer (Maroubra, 1937); engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1954; Revesby, 1968); retired (Turramurra, 1972); engineer (Revesby, 1980)
===''JENNISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Jennison|Jennison, Joseph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS7-316] - 1899(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 2JJ Mathoura (1928-1939); 2MX Mathoura (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 414, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Mathoura, 1930-1949; Echuca, 1954; Deniliquin, 1958); nil (Echuca, 1963) (Licences in the name of his father John William Jennison but most likely son was operator, father passed in 1942)
===''JENSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jens August Jensen|Jensen, Jens August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQM-1MX] - 1865(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Minister for Navy (1915-1917) - Comment: famously dismissed for corruption in respect of purchase of Shaw Wireless Works in 1916 - Electoral Rolls: licensed victualler (Beauty Point, Tas, 1914-1919); orchardist (Beauty Point, Tas, 1919-1922); no occupation (Elsternwick, Vic, 1936) - Links: [[w:Jens_Jensen_(politician)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/jensen-jens-august-6840 ADB]
* [[/Laurence Richard Hopkins Jensen|Jensen, Laurence or Lawrence Richard Hopkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-MJ1] - 1906(Tas)-1974(Tas) - Licences: 7BL Receive West Devonport (1923); Receive West Devonport (1923-1924); 7LJ Launceston (1925-1939, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 78, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 215, 1939; 1AOCP 9, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (New Town, 1928); teacher (New Town, 1936-1972)

===''JENVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, Henry Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QJ-7TS] - 1851(Eng)-1932(Vic) - Licences: AA Melbourne 1900; X?? Melbourne - early wireless experimenter, arguably his use of the identifier AA was the first use of an Australian callsign; arguably Australia's first amateur operator as the majority of his experiments were self-funded and in his own time - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - employment (Vic P &amp; T; PMGD) - Relationships: father of 3WW William Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Brighton, 1909); public servant (Caulfield East, 1919-1931)
* [[/William Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, William Walter &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QV-9GL] - 1904(Vic)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 3AY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927; Ormond, 1931-1938); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1939); 3AY Melbourne (Ormond, 1947); 2ZO Sydney (Willoughby, 1948-1969); 2ZO Noosa Heads (1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 824, 1924; 1COCP 68, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of Henry Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1926-1927); operator (Bentleigh, Vic, 1931-1937); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943; Willoughby, NSW, 1949-1968); engineer (Willoughby, NSW, 1972); nil (Nelligen, NSW, 1977; Noosa Heads, Qld, 1980)

===''JERRARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Joseph Jerrard|Jerrard, Frederick Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB43-BKT] - 1899(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4DR Receive Gayndah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Gayndah, 1921-1930); motor mechanic (Gayndah, 1936-1937); engineer (Indooroopilly, 1943-1963)

===''JESSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick Ferman Jessop|Jessop, Patrick Ferman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QN-8HV] - 19??(Eng?)-19??(Qld?) - Licences: 4PJ Kamma (1925-1927); 4PJ Cairns (Hambledon, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (England?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1(RFC) - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Edmonton, 1922-1930); weigh bridge clerk (Hambledon, 1936-1943)
===''JEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Jewell|Jewell, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYD-YH1] - 1905(WA)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6CA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1927); 6JJ Kalgoorlie (1930-1931); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 876, 1925; 1COCP 129, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Victoria Park, WA, 1931-1937); radio inspector (Victoria Park, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949); inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1954-1963)

===''JOHNSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Johnson|Johnson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD7-X12] - 1921(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4PX Brisbane (Hendra, 1938-1939; Ascot, 1946-1948; Hendra, 1954-1975), 4PX Buddina Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2093, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF, Signals) - Comment: Several contemporaneous AJs - Electoral Rolls: Commonwealth public servant (Hendra, Qld, 1968) + others
* [[/Carl Francis Johnson|Johnson, Carl Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH8T-HSH] - 1899(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); 7AR Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 218, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: federal servant (West Hobart, 1922-1954)
* [[/Edward Norman Johnson|Johnson, Edward Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM4W-MLQ] - 1886(Vic)-1960(USA) - Licences: Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3ZO Warrnambool (1923-1924); 3ZO Horsham (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (East Melbourne, 1909); manager (Wonthaggi, 1914); draper (Newtown, 1917); traveller (Geelong, 1919)
* [[/H. B. Johnson|Johnson, H. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6HB Perth (Leederville, 1926); 5HB Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 252, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - common surname, individual not yet identified
* [[/Ivo Uric Johnson|Johnson, Ivo Uric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VV-H8S] - 1903(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4KL Cairns (1933-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 813, 1924; 2COCP 668, 1942; 1COCP 655, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cairns, Qld, 1936-1963) 
* [[/Joseph Murray Johnson|Johnson, Joseph Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YM-M5N] - 1889(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 113, 1915; 1COCP 200, 1931 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Geraldton, 1915-1917); radio expert (Lane Cove, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1936; Caulfield, 1937); engineer (Longueville, NSW, 1943-1949); manager (Turramurra, 1954-1963); retired (Strathfield, 1963; Port Macquarie, NSW, 1968-1977; Wauchope/Yrrs, 1980)

===''JOHNSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Brint Johnston|Johnston, Norman Brint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-K7F] - 1913(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6NJ Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1933; Subiaco, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 642, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Subiaco, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Maylands, 1943-1968; Mt Lawley, 1972-1977)
* [[/Robert Walter Johnston|Johnston, Robert Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDS-FHJ] - 1914(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4LQ Brisbane (Petrie Terrace, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1270, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1936-1937); no occupation (Ingleburn, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1963)
* [[/William David Johnston|Johnston, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-3RY] - 1909(Irl)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2YZ Sydney (Ryde, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Gladesville, 1950; Matraville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 616, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 323, 1931; 1COCP 398, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Ryde, 1930-1943); radio engineer (Gladesville, 1949; Matraville, 1954-1980)

===''JOHNSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Johnstone|Johnstone, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HJ Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JONASSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Peter Jonasson|Jonasson, Roy Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KPW-ZL1] - 1908(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4NG Alberton (1931-1933); 7NG Derwent Park (1937-1939); 3ND Castlemaine (1946-1969); 9NG, PNG; 4NE Brisbane (Kingston, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 827, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, QRP Club, RAAF Wireless Reserve, Qld Listeners' League); employment (Qld State Electricity Commission) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Castlemaine, 1942-1972); retired (Kingston, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''JONES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Ernest Jones|Jones, Alfred Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61R-CTW] - 1894(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 241, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Comment: not all electoral roll entries identified, several contemporaneous AEJs; Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1917-1922)
* [[/David William Jones|Jones, David William]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DJ Brisbane (Chelmer, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 683, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous DWJs - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Chelmer, 1925-1931); engineer (Holland Park, 1958)? 
* [[/Lancelot Cyril Jones|Jones, Lancelot Cyril &quot;Lance&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L3-2LS] - 1891(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: XVB Adelaide (Hawthorn, 1913-1914); 5BQ Adelaide (Westbourne Park, 1923-1924); 5DN Adelaide (City, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; co-founder 5DN commercial Adelaide - Electoral Rolls: manager (Broadway Estate, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Edward Jones|Jones, Raymond Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL9R-FLM] - 1900(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3RJ Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1928; Box Hill, 1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 407, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Newmarket, 1921); public servant (Ascot Vale, 1922-1924); telegraphist (Box Hill, 1931-1943); supervisor (Box Hill, 1949-1963); retired (Box Hill, 1968-1980)
* [[/Stanley William Jones|Jones, Stanley William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-BPL] - 1917(Vic)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 3SF Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1953, 1937, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Signalman, 6 Division Signals) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1687469] (beware, another Stanley William Jones died in WW2, Flight Sergeant, 626 Squadron)
* [[/Walter Henry Jones|Jones, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NB-Z8F] - 1914(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2PY Sydney (Marrickville, 1930-1933); 2RS Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1939); 2WP Sydney (Bexley, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 652, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 57, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Bexley North, 1949-1972); telegraphist (Bexley North, 1977-1980); Beware: Another contemporaneous Walter Henry Jones in Sydney b.1915 m.Edith
* [[/W. R. Jones|Jones, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EK Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JORDAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Jordan|Jordan, James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHL-VNQ] - 1903(Sct)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4JJ Ipswich (1933); 4JJ Bundaberg (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1162, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); senior military (RAAF, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: striker (West Ipswich, Qld, 1932); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1934-1937)
* [[/Robert Jordan|Jordan, Robert]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 4, 1914, No. 4 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - coastal station operator?
===''JUDD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Harvey Judd|Judd, Clarence Harvey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVF-9XS] - 1920(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5HQ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3374, 1953, Qld - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Oswald William Judd|Judd, Oswald William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVX-X56] - 1896(SA)-1934(SA) - Licences: XVF Adelaide (North Norwood, 1913); Receive Adelaide (Payneham, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

=='''K'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''KANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leslie Kane|Kane, John Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1985(Qld), 4ZZ Roma, amateur operator (AOCP 2335, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), senior state public servant (Qld Railways)
===''KAUFMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Donald Kaufman|Kaufman, Samuel Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6X-937] - 1904(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2SK Sydney (Belmore, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 448, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Belmore, 1933-1980)
===''KAUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Alexis Kauper|Kauper, Henry or Heinrich Alexis &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXZ-WYQ] - 1888(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Licences: S643 Adelaide (1921-1922); 5BG Adelaide (Dulwich, 1923-1926; Tusmore, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 97, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; inventor - Electoral Rolls: chauffer (Willaura, Vic, 1910); engineer (Richmond, Vic, 1931-1937) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kauper-henry-alexis-harry-6898 ADB]
===''KAYESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Kayess|Kayess, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYG-NHD] - 1892(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Cooktown, 1917); engineer (Hendra, Qld, 1919); engine driver (Charleville, Qld, 1921); mechanic (Mossman, 1925); motor mechanic (Watchem, Vic, 1928); auto engineer (Dulwich Hill, NSW, 1930); garage manager (New Lambton, NSW, 1930; Foveaux, NSW, 1933); engineer (Forest Lodge, NSW, 1935-1937); labourer (Darlinghurst, 1937; Glenmore, NSW, 1943); mechanical engineer trainee (Haberfield, NSW, 1949); engineer (Manly North, NSW, 1958)

===''KEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Patrick James Keane|Keane, John Patrick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V5-P25] - 1903(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JN Cessnock (1930-1936; 2JN Sydney (Bexley, 1937-1939; McMahons Point, 1946-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 698, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Darling Harbour, 1930); clerk (Cessnock, 1931-1932; Newcastle, 1934; Bexley, 1935-1937; McMahons Point, 1943-1949; North Sydney, 1958-1963)
===''KEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Keast|Keast, Leslie John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2QP-J6X] - 1886(SA)-1957(WA) - Journalist (Wireless Weekly; shortwave editor, Australasian Radio World, 1940-1951; Radio &amp; Hobbies), professional monitor (OWI/VOA, WW2), silent era cinematographer - Electoral Rolls: licensed victuallar (Royal Hotel, Bowral, 1933-1934); ex-hotelkeeper (Coogee, 1935); clerk (Randwick North, 1936-1937); sales manager (Carlingford, 1943); organising secretary (Ermington, 1949-1958)

===''KEDDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Robert Keddie|Keddie, Phillip Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-1T7] - 1921(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5KZ Adelaide (Woodville Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1882, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: AMF (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)

===''KELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Edward Kells|Kells, Alfred Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTMT-7D3] - 1900(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 2430 Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Moonee Ponds, 1921-1925); mechanic (Essendon, 1928-1954)

===''KELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Wainwright Kelly|Kelly, Alexander Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP6-G6V] - 1908(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Largs Bay (1923); Receive Largs Bay (1923); 5AW Lyndoch (1927-1939); 5XO Loxton (1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 358, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur Broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: winemaker (Berri, 1939-1943)
* [[/Ross Donaldson Kelly|Kelly, Ross Donaldson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7BG-2PR] - 1906(SA)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5LW Adelaide (Unley, 1937-1939; Hazelwood Park, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2032, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assurance agent (Dulwich, 1941-1943)

===''KELSO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham Kelso|Kelso, Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXH-9DH] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EL Receive Brisbane (Nundah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1958); technician (Brisbane, Qld, 1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''KEMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Kemble|Kemble, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8WY] - 1915(SA)-1939(WA) - Licences: 6FJ Katanning (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1673, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith's striker (Katanning, WA, 1937)

===''KEMP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Kemp|Kemp, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-PYS] - 1910(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4YA Yangan - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1466, 1935, Qld; BOCP 110, 1937; 2COCP 123, 1937; 1COCP 163, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Swanfels, Qld, 1936-1937); radio technician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Joseph Edward Kemp|Kemp, Joseph Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-NWV] - 1918(Tas)-1991(WA) - Licences: 7RZ Devonport (1937-1939); 7RZ Launceston (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1847, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Como, 1949); radio officer (Esperance, 1954-1958; Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''KEMPSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Kempster|Kempster, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVPC-NHM] - 1900(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: 5KM Darwin (1929-1931); 8KM Darwin (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 543, 1929, No. ?? in NT - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Fullarton, 1934); supervisor (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''KENNA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Francis Kenna|Kenna, Vernon Francis &quot;Vern&quot; / &quot;Marconi&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1D-4ZV] - 1908(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 4DE Receive Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1924); 4FK Brisbane (Hamilton, 1926-1939); 2JR Sydney (Middle Cove, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 301, 1926, No. 29 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (PMGD); radiocommunications engineer; senior public servant (PMG, ABC2); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1954); engineer (Balwyn, Vic, 1963; Killara, 1963; Middle Cove, 1968-1972; Willoughby, 1977-1980)
===''KENNEDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Kennedy|Kennedy, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKD-8Q7] - 1874(Vic)-1945(SA) - Licences: XYD Perth (City, 1913-1914); 6AM Perth (Mt Lawley, 1923-1927); 5AM Adelaide (City, 1928; Unley, 1931; New Parkside, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; senior federal public servant (PMG, concluding as Deputy Postmaster-General SA); WW1 - Awards: Imperial Service Order - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, 1903; Mt Lawley, 1910-1921); State Engineer (Maylands, 1925-1926); civil servant (New Parkside, 1939-1943)
* [[/M. Kennedy|Kennedy, M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EP Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Walter Donald Kennedy|Kennedy, Walter Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBRG-1WB] - 1869(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1926; Willoughby, 1927-1929); 2WK Helensburgh (1930-1933); 2WK Sydney (East Sydney, 1934); 2WK Wallerawang (1935); 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1936-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 121, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Murrumburrah, 1913; Helensburgh, 1930-1932); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); clerk in Holy Orders (Rockdale, 1936-1949)

===''KENNY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Francis Kenny|Kenny, Edmund Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MB-R3M] - 1903(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2EK Sydney (Lewisham, 1927-1928; Croydon, 1929; Ryde, 1930-1931; Granville, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2EK Wentworthville (1950-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 373, 1927, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1930); clerk (West Ryde, 1930-1933); engineer (Granville, 1935-1949); radio engineer (Wentworthville, 1954-1968); engineer (Wentworthville, 1972-1977)

===''KEOGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Keogh|Keogh, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJ4-H7G] - 19??(???)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2ZA Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923); 2ZA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923; Stanmore, 1924-1925); licensed operator 2AG Grace Bros Broadway  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Randwick North, 1943-1958)

===''KERBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Thomas John Kerby|Kerby, Edwin Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM72-SFL] - 1888(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 7EK Ringarooma (1932-1939); 3KK Melbourne (Auburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 940, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 (Major) - Awards: Military Star 1914-1915; British War Medal, Victory Medal; MBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Ballarat, 1909); restaurant keeper (Brunswick, 1914); electrical engineer (Richmond, 1914-1917); grazier (Ballarat, 1919); farmer (Linton, 1922); grazier (Fawkner, 1924-1925); engineer (St Kilda, 1943; Auburn, 1949-1968) - Links: [[w:Edwin Kerby|Wikipedia]]
===''KERMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Kermond|Kermond, Leslie John &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W7-Y88] - 1912(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Warrnambool (1928-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 417, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 182, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Warrnambool, 1936-1937); engineer (Swan Hill, 1942); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1949-1980)

===''KERNICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Edwin Kernick|Kernick, Percy Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX7S-JW1] - 1888(NSW)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6PK Perth (South Perth, 1927-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 378, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Sandstone/Mt Magnet, 1910); telegraphist (Brown Hill/Kalgoorlie, 1917; South Perth, 1925-1963)
===''KERR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dixon Kerr|Kerr, Alfred Dixon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-ZKF] - 1910(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AL Ballarat (1926-1939, 1946-1960); 3JQ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 284, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 18, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968); retired (Hawthorn, 1977)
* [[/Roy Kerr|Kerr, Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-SBX] - 1917(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4DK Winton (1937-1939); 4DK Brisbane (Tingalpa, 1946-1951) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1941, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Relationships: brother of Vernon Lester Kerr 4LK - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Vernon Lester Kerr|Kerr, Vernon Lester &quot;Vern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-MCW] - 1912(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4LK Winton (1932-1933); 4LK Cloncurry (1937-1939, 1946-1948); 4LK Charters Towers (1954-1969); 4LK Charleville (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 800, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; COCP 1941, amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, Soc Wireless Pioneers USA); employment (RFDS, technical officer / controller / announcer) - Relationships: brother of Roy Kerr 4DK - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Charters Towers, Qld, 1954-1977); technician (Charleville, Qld, 1977)
===''KHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kullandar Jallander Khan|Khan, Kullandar Jallander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX89-VLY] - 1916(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4QA Cairns (1937-1939, 1947); 4DC Cairns (1948-1960); 4DC Brisbane (New Farm, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1979, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 4QA may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 4QA Cairns - Electoral Rolls: picture theatre operater (Cairns, Qld, 1943); radio serviceman (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); tv technician (New Farm, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''KIDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian McIvor Kidman|Kidman, Ian McIvor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD7Q-7N2] - 1915(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5JK Naracoorte (1933-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1163, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''KILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Harold Kilby|Kilby, Raymond Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-9VD] - 1918(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7RK Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1461, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1568, 1957; 1COCP 1862, 1958; 2COCP T1, 1977 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: upholsterer (Launceston, 1943-1972)

===''KILGARIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Kilgariff|Kilgariff, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-XBD] - 1886(NSW)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5JT Adelaide (Burnside, 1937-1939; Erindale, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1884, 1937, SA; 2COCP 325, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Boulder, WA, 1910-1912); builder (Alice Springs, NT, 1934; Burnside, SA, 1939); RAAF (Leabrook, SA, 1943)

===''KILSBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Wilbur Kilsby|Kilsby, Keith Wilbur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCHP-4ZS] - 1912(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5PR Moorak (1933); 5PR Birdwood (1938); 5PR Wiltyerong via Murray Bridge (1947); 5PR Mingary via Murray Bridge (1948); 5PR Murray Bridge (1954); 5PR Adelaide (Payneham, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 419, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Birdwood, SA, 1939; Wiltyerong, SA, 1941-1943);

===''KING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Calvert King|King, Charles Calvert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQT-4R1] - 1885(Eng)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 105, 1915; 2COCP 155, 1930 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1914); warrant telegraphist (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1921-1925); music teacher (Randwick, NSW, 1930); musician (Clovelly, 1931; Rose Bay, 1932-1933); librarian (Woollahra, 1934); salesman (Bondi, NSW, 1935); Model Maker (Watson's Bay, 1936-1937)
* [[/Fred Esmond King|King, Fred Esmond (Electoral Rolls)  or Esmonde (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-81C] - 1896(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CQ Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Bulliwallah, Qld, 1919-1963)
* [[/Frederick Venn King|King, Frederick Venn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJHN-MV3] - 1888(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Cunnamulla (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1909); grazier (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1913-1921); not stated (Warrambah Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1925); grazier (Barrington Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1930-1954); retired (Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''KINGWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hercules Kingwell|Kingwell, William Hercules]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB)
===''KINSELLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Thomas Kinsella|Kinsella, Hector Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-XN9] - 1912(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6HK Perth (Hollywood, 1930; East Perth, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 641, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (South Perth, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1943); pharmacist (Perth, 1949; Narrogin, 1954-1958; Applecross, 1963; Ardross, 1968-1972; Booragoon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Wade Kinsella|Kinsella, Thomas Wade]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8P2-TSG] - 1904(Vic)-2001(NSW)96yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Lubeck (1923); 3TK Lubeck (1924-1926); 3TK Rupanyup (1937-1939); 2FK Sydney (Rose Bay, 1946; Herne Bay, 1947; Sans Souci, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1992, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 532, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lubeck, 1927-1936); RAN (Sans Souci, 1949-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3AKW William Jennings Kinsella
* [[/William Jennings Kinsella|Kinsella, William Jennings]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PG-S8S] - 1914(Vic)-2011(Vic) - Licences: 3AKW Lubeck (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 498, 1943; 2AOCP 55, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Magdala, Lubeck, 1936-1972; Lubeck, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3TK-2FK Thomas Wade Kinsella
===''KINZBRUNNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Charles Kinzbrunner|Kinzbrunner, Harry Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-SZM] - 1903(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4HK Cloncurry (1929-1931); 4HK Mareeba (1933); 4HK Tully (1937-1939); 4HK Atherton (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 474, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), employment (Australian Inland Mission, QATB) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Malanda, 1937); electrical engineer (Ashgrove, 1943); radio mechanic (Atherton, 1943); refrigeration &amp; electrical contractor (Atherton, 1949-1972); electrical contractor (Atherton, 1977-1980)

===''KIRBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ewan Russell Kirby|Kirby, Ewan Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4R1-4J7] - 1885(Tas)-1947(Tas) - Licences: XZB Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; First set 1909 communicated with M. Harvey; employed Hydro-electric Dept - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1914-1919); engineer (Hobart West, 1922-1936)
===''KIRKBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Kirkby|Kirkby, Brian]] - historian (early wireless experimenters, Edward Hope Kirkby, Archibald John Shaw), great grandson of Edward Hope Kirkby
* [[/Charles Edward Kirkby|Kirkby, Charles Edward]] - 1886(Vic)-1954(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of George Gill Kirkby
* [[/Edward Hope Kirkby|Kirkby, Edward Hope]] - 1853(At sea)-1915(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, father of George Gill Kirkby and Charles Edward Kirkby
* [[/George Gill Kirkby|Kirkby, George Gill]] - 1884(Vic)-1916(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of Charles Edward Kirkby
===''KIRKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Basil Everald Wharton Kirke|Kirke, Basil Everald Wharton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6NX-FFQ] - 1893(NSW)-1958(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; chief studio announcer/Uncle &quot;Bas&quot; (2BL); manager, 6WF; manager 9PA (1946); manager (ABC, Victoria, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Subiaco, 1931; Perth, 1934-1936; Melbourne, 1937-1943; Perth, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kirke-basil-everald-wharton-10751 ADB]
===''KIRKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Booth Kirkland|Kirkland, John Booth]] - 1861(Vic)-1900(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Melbourne, Geelong &amp; Ballarat

===''KISSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Leslie Hawthorn Kissick|Kissick, Alfred Leslie Hawthorn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9D-7LL] - 1904(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924), 3KB Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1939, 1946-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 141, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), operator 3CR Coburg Radio Club (1925), amateur broadcaster, clerk (1934)

===''KITTO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Collingwood Kitto|Kitto, Thomas Collingwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCKM-W8G] - 1903(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7?? Launceston (1928); 5JR Adelaide (Tusmore, 1931); 2JR Newcastle (1933); 2JS Newcastle (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 425, 1928, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 43, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Launceston, 1928); radio engineer (Sandgate, NSW, 1935; Ulverstone, Tas, 1937); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (Prahran, 1949); retired (Deception Bay, 1972)

===''KLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Kling|Kling, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQZ-B4W] - 1905(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1928; South Camberwell, 1931; Hawthorn East, 1933; Hampton, 1937-1939); 3AJQ Melbourne (Seaford, 1954-1955; Lower Ferntree Gully, 1956; Frankston, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 403, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1931-1933; Sandringham, 1936-1937); engineer (Sandringham, 1942; Bacchus Marsh, 1949); radio sound engineer (Seaford, 1954); electrician (Frankston, 1963-1968)

===''KNAPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carlo Patrick Knapton|Knapton, Carlo Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DQR-R5C] - 1879(Irl)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - wireless trader (WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as vice-president, Wireless Traders Assoc, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton, Vic, 1914); lighting engineer (South Perth, 1921-1954) 
===''KNEIPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Kneipp|Kneipp, James Henry &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ5R-YBH] - 1875(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Morningside, Qld, 1905); railway employee (Morningside, Qld, 1908-1917; Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1958)

===''KNIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Keith Knight|Knight, Rupert Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-Z5W] - 1898(Qld)-1934(Qld) - Licences: 4RK Toowoomba (1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned? - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1919); bank clerk (East Toowoomba, 1925-1926); not specified (East Toowoomba, 1928-1932)

===''KNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Brader Knock|Knock, Donald Brader &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWWR-L62] - 1898(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 1911 Manchester; G6XG London (1924-1926); 2NO Sydney (Cremorne, 1926-1927; Vaucluse, 1927; Kirribilli, 1928; Randwick, 1929); 6NK Wyndham (1930-1931); 2NU Portable Sydney 1935-1939; 2NO Sydney (Waverley, 1946-1966) - Qualifications: AOCP 335, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2MO), radiocommunications engineer, journalist (Wireless Weekly, Radio in ANZ, Radio Monthly, Australian Radio News, Bulletin, Australasian Radio World), military (WW1 - Royal Naval Air Service, WW2 - AIF lieutenant-major) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Waverley, 1930); radio journalist (Waverley, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Waverley, 1935-1963)
===''KNOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carlisle Maddison Knowles|Knowles, Henry Carlisle Maddison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Q8-642] - 1901(NSW)-1945(ACT) - Licences: 2LK Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 653, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Woolahra, 1933; Kingston, ACT, 1935-1943)

===''KOSSECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Frederick Kosseck|Kosseck, Edwin Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-VTG] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3EK Geelong (Belmont, 1930-1933); 3AKE Geelong (Newport, 1947; Belmont, 1948-1980+)  - Qualifications: AOCP 705, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Belmont, 1931-1937); RAAF (Newport, 1943); gardener (Belmont, 1949-1980)

===''KRAEGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl W. J. Kraegen|Kraegen, Carl W. J. &quot;Charles&quot;]] - 1831?(Germany?)-1871(NT) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, SA Posts &amp; Telegraphs), telegraph operator (Ballarat, Portland), developed an early system of explosive detonation by battery, tragically died of thirst during the construction of the Overland Telegraph
===''KRUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Augustine Kruger|Kruger, Francis Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJZ-58H] - 1907(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3HE Receive Charlton (1922-1923); 3HE Charlton (1924-1925); 3AI Charlton (1935-1939); 3AI Strathmore (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1541, 1935, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Charlton, 1928-1937); cinema operator (Charlton, 1942); executive (Essendon, 1949-1968; Strathmore, 1977-1980)

=='''L'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''LABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Howell Laby|Laby, Thomas Howell]] - 1880(Vic)-1946(Vic) - frequent lecturer on wireless topics to WIA Vic in the 1920s, education (BA Cambridge 1905, PhD Cambridge 1921), employment (University of Sydney, 1901-1904; Cavendish Laboratory, 1905; Professor Physics, Victoria University College, Wellington, 1909; Professor Natural Philosophy, University of Melbourne, 1915-1930+), Royal Society of Victoria (president, 1924)
===''LACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Lack|Lack, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCQH-WJR] - 1876(NSW)-1949(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Sandgate, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Warwick, Qld, 1903; Tiaro, Qld, 1905-1906; Maryborough, Qld, 1908); fish agent (Maryborough, Qld, 1913); engineer (Sandgate, Qld, 1916); accountant (Sandgate, Qld, 1917-1949)

===''LAHEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Wesley Lahey|Lahey, John Wesley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKRX-KPL] - 1850(Irl)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: sawmill proprietor (Clayfield, Qld, 1908-1909); sawmiller (Clayfield, Qld, 1913-1936)
===''LAIDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Laidler|Laidler, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1KG-31L] - 1904(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5TL Ceduna (1937-1939, 1947); 5TL Largs Bay (1948); 5TL Renmark (1954-1960); 5TL Adelaide (Glandore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1934, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Ceduna, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Lake|Lake, Eric James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDFZ-CKK]- 1906(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4EL Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1946-1948); 4EL Clevedon (1954-1956); 4EL Townsville (Belgian Gardens, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 54, 1931; AOCP 966, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, instructor); broadcast technician (4QN); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943-1949; Townsville, Qld, 1954-1963);

===''LAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Federal Laker|Laker, Frank John Federal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1V2-P8Q] - 1899(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2ZE Deniliquin (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (St Kilda, Vic, 1925); clerk (Bondi, 1935-1937); accountant (North Rocks, 1954)

===''LALOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Fintan Lalor|Lalor, Peter Fintan]] - 1827(Irl)-1889(Vic) - Leader of the Eureka Stockade, Postamaster-General Victoria (Aug 1875-Oct 1875)

===''LAMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. D. Lamb|Lamb, A. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DK Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James Joseph Wiseman Lamb|Lamb, James Joseph Wiseman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-49X] - 1876(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 119, 1915; 1COCP 264, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Relationships: father of Harry Spencer Lamb - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); radio station master (Townsville, Qld, 1921); wireless (Malvern, Vic, 1927);  superintendent (Toorak, Vic, 1928-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1937); retired (Elsternwick, Vic, 1942)
* [[/Harry Spencer Lamb|Lamb, Harry Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-SQY] - 1906(WA)-1984(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcaster - Relationships: son of James Joseph Wiseman Lamb - Electoral Rolls:

===''LAMBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Clayton Lambert|Lambert or Mason, Frank Clayton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-761] - 1908(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6FL Perth (South Perth, 1929-1931); 6FL Geraldton (1933); 6FL Perth (Wembley, 1937-1939; Subiaco, 1947); 3AFL Bairnsdale (1948); 6FL Perth (Claremont, 1954-1956; Bassendean, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 503, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture employee (South Perth, WA, 1931); projectionist (Albany, WA, 1934); sound projectionist (East Fremantle, WA, 1936); projectionist (Wembley Park, WA, 1937); radio technician (Subiaco, WA, 1943-1949); dealer (Claremont, WA, 1954); radio dealer (Bassendean, WA, 1958-1980)

===''LANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Herbert Dodson Lane|Lane, Cyril Herbert Dodson]] - 1888(NSW)-1915(Tur) - XDM Sydney (1909-1914), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), born Cyril Herbert Dodson, brother-in-law of Charles Dansie Maclurcan &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
===''LANGFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Leslie Langfield|Langfield, Harold Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-3D6] - 1893(Wales)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4CO Brisbane (Rosalie, 1935-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1572, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: club steward (Rosalie, Qld, 1934-1977; Paddington, Qld, 1980);

===''LANGFORD-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fritz Langford-Smith|Langford-Smith, Fritz]] - 1904(NSW)-1966(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), electronics designer (AWA), author (Radiotron Designers Handbook), journalist (Radiotronics) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198908.pdf EA]
===''LANGHANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ron Langhans|Langhans, Ron]] - historian (broadcasting)
===''LANGRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George David Langridge|Langridge, George David]] - 1829(Eng)-1891(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria in early 1880s

===''LAPTHORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Charles Lapthorne|Lapthorne, Horace Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W8-STK] - 1900(Vic)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2TM Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1924); 2HL Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1938; Lane Cove, 1939; Artarmon, 1948-1969); 2HL Noraville (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 422, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943-1968); retired (Noraville, 1972)

===''LARSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Peter Christian Larsen|Larsen, Herbert Peter Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36L-GHQ] - 1901(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4JW Charters Towers(1928-1937); 4JW Cairns (1938-1939, 1947-1956); 4JW Charters Towers (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 439, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: brewery hand (Charters Towers, 1925-1936); engine driver (Cairns, 1943-1954; Charters Towers, 1958-1968)
===''LARSSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gustaf William Larsson|Larsson, Gustaf William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTD-55K] - 1902(Tas)-1992(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 92, 1932; AOCP 3275, 1952 - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Hobart West, 1928-1936)

===''LAUNDER-CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge|Launder-Cridge, Wilfred Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-S5L] - 1899(Eng)-1960(Tas) - Licences: 5BZ Adelaide (Brooklyn Park, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 200, 1930; 1COCP 120, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Essendon North, Vic, 1937; Aerodrome, Cambridge, Tas, 1943); OIC, DCA (Forrest, WA, 1958)

===''LAURENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Laurence|Laurence, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-YKV] - 1916(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MZ Adelaide (Malvern, 1933-1939); 3PF Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1948); 3PF Benalla (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1164, 1933, SA; 1COCP 118, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Ceduna, 1941-1943); farmer (Wellington, Benalla, 1949-1963; Benalla, 1967-1980)

===''LAURIE-RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melbourne Clive Laurie-Rhodes|Laurie-Rhodes, Melbourne Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-6K1] - 1915(Qld)-1997(NZ) - Licences: 4XU Brisbane (Hendra, 1934-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1353, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Hendra, Qld, 1936-1937)

===''LAVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Poynton Laver|Laver, Charles Poynton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JBH-SNC] - 1882(Eng)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5CP Cape Borda (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Lightkeeper (Cape Borda, SA, 1939; Edithburgh, 1941-1951)

===''LAVINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Morgan Eric Lavington|Lavington, Frederick Morgan Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJM-ZC9] - 1903(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 2ZC Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1923); 2ZC Sydney (Waverley, 1923; Bondi, 1924-1925; Mosman, 1925-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Manly, 1930); engineer (Strathfield, 1932; Ashfield West, 1935-1936); electrical engineer (Ashfield West, 1937); engineer (Kensington, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1972)

===''LAWRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevan Alic Lawrie|Lawrie, Kevan Alec or Alic]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRS-5YP] - 1915(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5AK Adelaide (Lockleys, 1936-1939; York, 1947-1948; Lockleys, 1954-1965; Brooklyn, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1602, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Lockleys, SA, 1939-1941)

===''LAWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Andrew Laws|Laws, David Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-FW5] - 1909(Qld)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 4DR Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 829, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Commando)- Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Taringa, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/635901]
* [[/Sidney Frank Henry Laws|Laws, Sidney Frank Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6ZT-GBH] - 1893(NZ)-1973(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 6, 1914, No. 6 in Aus and Vic - commercial operator; coastal station operator; manager 7ZL (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 7ZL) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Wireless Station, Townsville, 1915); farmer (Launching Place, 1918); electrical engineer (Prahran, Vic, 1919); engineer (Armadale, Vic, 1919-1924); manager (Launceston, 1928); company manager (Double Bay, NSW, 1930-1931)

===''LAWTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Kyle Lawton|Lawton, Alexander Kyle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-FWT] - 1889(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD), radio clubs (QWI, member), business (movie theatres, Amico), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowoomba, 1913; Wynnum South, 1915-1916); manager (Windsor, 1919); engineer (Nundah, 1925-1928); manager (Townsville, 1936-1937; Nundah, 1943-1949); manufacturer's agent (Virginia, 1954-1958); company director (Ashfield, 1963); sales manager (Ashfield, 1968-1977)

===''LEADBITTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Leadbitter|Leadbitter, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP1-3V1] - 1882(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2AF Receive West Wyalong (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: cycle mechanic (Darlington, 1903); mechanic (West Wyalong, 1913); cycle mechanic (West Wyalong, 1930-1943)
===''LEANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Gregory Leaney|Leaney, William Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-JF9] - 1895(SA)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3XN Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923); 3XN Melbourne (Northcote, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Northcote, 1919-1954); driver (Coburg, 1963-1977); nil (Preston, 1980)

===''LEBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Leber|Leber, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-847] - 1905(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Richmond, 1929-1939; Hawthorn, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 481, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 45, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Richmond, 1927-1942); salesman (Hawthorn, 1949)

===''LECKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Crockett Leckie|Leckie, Herbert Crockett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1R-QQN] - 1927(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Melbourne (Elwood, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 1170, 1947 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980);
* [[/Raymond Campbell Leckie|Leckie, Raymond Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2Q-ZZV] - 1904(Vic)-1987(ACT) - Licences: 3TU Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923); 3TU Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 215, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Sandringham, 1926); public servant (Braddon, 1935; Turner, 1943-1968); examiner of patents (Hughes, 1972); retired (Hughes, 1977-1980)

===''LEE-ARCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Leslie Lee-Archer|Lee-Archer, Evan Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB2K-F3W] - 1911(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3LM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931); 3LM Wonthaggi (1933); 3LM Melbourne (Caulfield North, 1937; Malvern East, 1938) - Qualifications: AOCP 534, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1933); radio engineer (Korumburra, 1934); engineer (Caulfield West, 1935); mechanic (Malvern East, 1937)

===''LEGGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Legge|Legge, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9MJS-QKM] - 1906(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Ulverstone, 1928); no occupation (Hobart South, 1936); zinc worker (Hobart East, 1943); farmer (Cullenswood, 1949-1954)
===''LE GRAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Walter Le Grand|Le Grand, Sydney Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQDD-D57] - 1902(Qld)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4LG Brisbane (Windsor, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 882, 1925; 2COCP 34, 1929; 1COCP 151, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Windsor, 1925-1926); operator (Woollahra, 1931-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1949; Bondi Junction, 1954-1968); retired (Banora Point, 1972-1977)

===''LELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Lelliott|Lelliott, Thomas &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-4PX] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3ZW Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1930-1939); 3AZW Melbourne (Boronia, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 684, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 68, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Mont Albert, 1937); operator (Caulfield, 1942); public servant (Boronia, 1963-1980)

===''LEMMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Lemmon|Lemmon, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-Z21] - 1885(Eng)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 95, 1915; 2COCP 120, 1930; 1COCP 71, 1930 - coastal wireless operator; WW2; RANRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1915); officer-in-charge Wireless Station (Rockhampton, 1916-1921); radio telegraphist (Applecross, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); wireless operator (Broome, 1937); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1943-1949); retired (Rivervale, 1954-1963)
===''LEMPRIERE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Louis Lempriere|Lempriere, Charles Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Y-NPS] - 1857(Vic)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3ZJ Melbourne (Vermont, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: surgeon (South Yarra, 1912-1919); medical practitioner (Vermont, 1924-1934)

===''LENDRUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Lendrum|Lendrum, Alexander &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NZ-Y5Y] - 1887(Qld)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2YL Sydney (Kensington, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1913); yardman (Toowoomba, 1921); constable (Kensington, 1930-1937)
===''LENNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Lennon|Lennon, Christopher James &quot;Chris&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJL3-LZF] - 1889(Vic)-1932(Aus) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 4, 1929 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916-1917); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1925); telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1931)

===''LEONARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Benedict Leonard|Leonard, Aubrey Benedict]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-N4X] - 1896(NSW)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3EN Receive Drouin (1922-1923); 3EN Drouin (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 244, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Drouin, 1922-1928); radio dealer (Drouin, 1931-1954); retired (Drouin, 1963-1967) 
* [[/John William Leonard|Leonard, John William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G494-BY4] - 1906(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (Black Rock, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 386, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Sandringham, 1931-1943); shopkeeper (Sandringham, 1949-1968)
* [[/Leslie Clarence Leonard|Leonard, Leslie Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH15-16Q] - 1902(Vic)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5LT Adelaide (Payneham, 1946-1947; Medindie, 1948); 5LT Port Lincoln (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2336, 1939, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pilot (The Terrace/Port Pirie, 1939)
* [[/Vincent Halpin Leonard|Leonard, Vincent Halpin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8S4-TXD] - 1915(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Melbourne (?, 1938-1939; Kew, 1946-1956); 3PJ St Andrews (1960); 3PJ Melbourne (Balwyn, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2167, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1937; Kew, 1937-1954); public servant (St Andrews, 1958; Balwyn, 1963-1980)

===''LESLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julian Leslie|Leslie, Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS98-211] - 1873(Vic)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 142, 1915; 1COCP 246, 1932 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, WA, 1910-1912; Applecross, WA, 1913); O.I.C. (Radio Telegraph Station, Broome, WA, 1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Thursday Island, 1925-1926); superintendent of wireless (Auburn, Vic, 1928); supervisor B.H. service (Randwick, NSW, 1930-1949)

===''LESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lester|Lester, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5FQ-NQL] - 1902(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LR Renmark (1930-1937); 5LR Berri (1938-1939); 5LR Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1946-1947; Blackwood, 1954-1965); 5LR Victor Harbour (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 674, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 236, 1935; BOCP 369, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Berri, 1939-1943)

===''LETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Norman Lett|Lett, Frederick James Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-Y8D] - 1903(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2WN Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923); 2WN Sydney (Annandale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Annandale, 1930-1936); publican (Sydney, 1937); hotelkeeper (Clifton Gardens Hotel, Mosman, 1943); Darlinghurst, 1949; Dulwich Hill, 1958; Marrickville, 1963); retired (Church Point, 1968)

===''LEVENSPIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pinkus Levenspiel|Levenspiel, Pinkus or Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JB-QSL] - 1904(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2TX Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 668, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wyong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Wyong, 1949-1963); motor dealer (Ourimbah, 1968-1980)
===''LEVERETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Leverett|Leverett, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV79-R7Q] - 1894(Eng)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 25, 1914; 1COCP 88, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broome, 1916); telegraphist (Ascot, Qld, 1921); wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1943); wireless inspector (Burwood, NSW, 1954)
===''LEVERRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Hewitt Leverrier|Leverrier, Francis Hewitt &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBT-DP5] - 1863(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Waverley, 1911-1914, Licence No. 5) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; radio clubs (WIA, president, 1910) - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Vaucluse, 1930-1934, Kings Counsel) - Relationships: father of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier 
* [[/Frank Neville Leverrier|Leverrier, Frank Neville &quot;Boy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6RF-W2W] - 1904(NSW)-1980(NSW) - 2BK Receive Sydney (Waverley, 1922-1923); 2BK Sydney (Vaucluse, 1924-1930); 2ADE Castle Cove (1969-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 169, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 931, 1926) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio work (Vaucluse, 1930); clerk (Vaucluse, 1933-1937); superintendent (Vaucluse, 1943-1949); public relations (Roseville, 1963-1968; Castle Cove, 1977) - Relationships: son of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier
* [[/Henri Andre Leverrier|Leverrier, Henri Andre &quot;Henry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68N-18J] - 1882(NCL)-1943(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Gordon, 1911); XHL Sydney (City, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, Australian General Electric, Sydney)  - Relationships: nephew of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier; cousin of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Sydney, 1913); manager (Crows Nest, 1930-1937)
===''LEVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Levy|Levy, Richard &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-Z38] - 1909(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5AJ Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 654, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Torrensville, 1943)

===''LEWIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Garrett Lewis|Lewis, Henry Garrett &quot;Harry&quot;]] - 1895(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Hobart (no record of licence identified as yet) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (reported experimenting from 1912); councillor WIA Tas in 1923; manager 3UZ 1924 - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/William John Lewis|Lewis, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYJ-BZQ] - 1908(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2YB Sydney (Marrickville, 1931-1936; McMahons Point, 1937); 6YB Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939); 2YB Sydney (Haberfield, 1947-1950; Paddington, 1954-1969; Ryde, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 863, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Comment: Several contemporaneous WJLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified due to numbers

===''LIGHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lighton|Lighton, Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HJ-HD1] - 1869(Vic)-1940(Vic) - 3CM Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1922-1924), 3RL Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 179, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, storekeeper (Toongabbie, 1903; Benalla, 1916), independent means (East St Kilda, 1928; Armadale, 1937)
===''LINDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Linden|Linden, Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-PRV] - 1904(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4FT Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Murgon, Qld, 1925); mechanic (Wilston, Qld, 1928); storekeeper (Clayfield, Qld, 1936-1937); telephone mechanic (Mackay, Qld, 1943-1949); supervising technician (Bowen, Qld, 1954); PMG technician (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1958-1968)

===''LINDNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Lindner|Lindner, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVX-787] - 1904(NSW)-1981(Qld) - 4BX Receive Brisbane (Alderley) 1922 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wilston, 1928); motor mechanic (Maleny, 1934); mechanic (Windsor, 1936-1972); retired (Mt Samson, 1977)

===''LINDSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Gordon Lindsay|Lindsay, Donald Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-126] - 1909(Vic)-1964(WA) - 2DY Sydney (Gordon, 1925-1936; Ashfield, 1937; Concord, 1938; Kogarah, 1939), amateur operator (AOCP 83, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer
* [[/Herbert Maxwell Lindsay|Lindsay, Herbert Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3L-S78] - 1913(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4HD Nambour (1937-1939); 4HD Buderim (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2027, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); employment (company secretary) - Electoral Rolls: bank officer (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1943);  fruitgrower (Buderim, Qld, 1954-1980)
===''LINKLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Charles Linklater|Linklater, Donald Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-Z44] - 1905(SA)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 5DL Pinnaroo (1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1521, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1949); technician (Bondi Junction, NSW, 1958)

===''LITCHFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ainslie Roland Litchfield|Litchfield, Ainslie Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J3Z-FRP] - 1906(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2RL Cooma (1925-1939), 2RL Sydney (Woollahra, 1947; Darling Point, 1948-1954; Rozelle, 1955-1958; Avalon Beach, 1960-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 200, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, grazier (Cooma, 1930-1937), film producer (Avalon Beach, 1958-1968)
===''LITHGOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Lithgow|Lithgow, John Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-5TL] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Eng) - Licences: 7WJ Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1688, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Marine officer? 1950s-1960s, several sea trips
===''LITTLEJOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sydney Littlejohn|Littlejohn, Arthur Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DW-VDD] - 1905(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939); 4LF Gunalda (1947); 2OU Sydney (Leichhardt, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 579, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Leichhardt, 1930-1958; Haberfield, 1963-1980)

===''LLOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Howard Lloyd|Lloyd, Henry Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST7-9LV] - 1904(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (College Town, 1923-1927); 5AG Adelaide (College Town, 1923); 5HL Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 57, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Beware another Henry Howard Lloyd [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDY-FS3] 1912-1981 in Adelaide, similar times - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Hughie Frederick Lloyd|Lloyd, Hughie or Hugh Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-Y95] - 1917(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5BC Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939); 5BC Berri (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1137, 1933, SA; BOCP 281, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5HD William Edward Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939)
* [[/William Edward Lloyd|Lloyd, William Edward &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGB-WR9] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5HD Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939, 1947-1948; Cumberland, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1215, 1933, SA; 2COCP 763, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5BC Hughie Frederick Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: nil (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LOCKHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Edward Lockhart|Lockhart, Leon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CJ-6GG] - 1912(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LE Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939; Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 514, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 205, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elwood, 1934-1937); engineer (Elsternwick, 1942-1977)
===''LOESER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hedley Edmond Loeser|Loeser, Hedley Edmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXL-RM6] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5LO Adelaide (Goodwood, 1936-1939; Col LIght Gardens, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1748, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: display artist (Reade Park, SA, 1943)

===''LOMAX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Lomax|Lomax, Joseph]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EB Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (St Kilda, Vic, 1913-1914; Ivanhoe, Vic, 1916-1917; Coorparoo, Qld, 1921-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926)

===''LONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Timothy Joseph Long|Long, Timothy Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ19-Z9G] - 1884(Qld)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 140, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Comment: suicide after diagnosis terminal illness - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1908); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Townsville, 1921)
===''LONGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ruth Victoria Longley|Harris nee Longley, Ruth Victoria]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-5GJ] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6YL Perth (Shenton Park, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1808, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator; WW2 - Relationships: Wife of 6NL Valentine Harms Harris - Electoral Rolls: saleswoman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); home duties (Applecross, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Applecross, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''LONGSTAFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Allen Hector Longstaff|Longstaff, Thomas Allen Hector &quot;Allen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQM-WF3] - 1896(SA)-1953(NSW) - Licences: XVR Adelaide (Alberton, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 55, 1915 - early wireless experimenter; coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: executive (Brighton, Vic, 1949)

===''LORDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Allan Lorden|Lorden, Geoffrey Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJB-2P8] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6GL Perth (Perth, 1925-1926; West Perth, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 175, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOCP 2297, 1939; 2COCP 342, 1940; 1COCP 441, 1940), amateur broadcaster, radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949)
===''LOVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Kingsley Love|Love, Howard Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGQ-8S5] - 1895(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3BM Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3BM Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922-1931; Glen Iris, 1933), 3KU Melbourne (Malvern, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 230, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; radio clubs (WIA Vic); business proprietor (radio manufacturer) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Orong, 1919; Malvern East, 1921-1924; Gardiner, 1927-1933); manager (Gardiner, 1936-1937); engineer (Mt. Waverley, 1942) - Comment: gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199407.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199408.pdf EA2]
* [[/James Peile Love|Love, James Peile &quot;Nim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7JF-83Z] - 1906(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JL Brisbane (Kedron, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 469, 1928, No. ?? in Qld (Halcyon AOCP 1930); 3COCP 5259, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF) - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Kedron, 1928-1943; Hawthorne, 1949-1980)
===''LOVETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Frank Lovett|Lovett, Hubert Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHG1-DT2] - 1905(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7HL Hobart (1926-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 246, 1926, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart North, 1928-1937); manager (Hobart South, 1949; Nelson, 1954) - Links: [https://info.scholarships.utas.edu.au/AwardDetails.aspx?AwardId=2813 UTAS Scholarship]
* [[/Percy Lovett|Lovett, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB5-M21] - 1906(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2JP Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2210, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''LUBACH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Lubach|Lubach, Frederick John &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H7-VZD] - 1919(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4RF Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1947); Dalby (1948-1950); Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1954; Camp Hill, 1965-75; Loganlea, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1745, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 868, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, instructor, QSL manager); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); broadcast technician (4QS, Capalaba) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Dalby, Qld, 1949; Coorparoo, Qld, 1954; Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Loganlea, Qld, 1980)

===''LUCAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gillen Frederick Lucas|Lucas, Gillen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-Y7P] - 1894(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5LL Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1935-1939; Port Adelaide, 1947; Maylands, 1948; Trinity Gardens, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1589, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Kilkenny, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LUCKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Forsythe Arthur Luckman|Luckman, Charles Forsythe Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMF8-LS2] - 1901(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 2JT Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922); 2JT Sydney (Croydon, 1923-1926; Lakemba, 1927-1933; Croydon, 1934; Ashfield, 1935-1938; Croydon, 1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 41, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lift engineer (Lakemba, 1930-1933); electrician (Croydon, 1935-1943); electrical mechanic (Croydon, 1954-1972)
* [[/Thomas Stuart Luckman|Luckman, Thomas Stuart &quot;Stuart&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-8CD] - 1913(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4SL Brisbane (Kalinga, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 783, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, CMF, Signals Northern Command); occupation (hardware executive) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kalinga, 1936-1937); storeman (Hendra, 1943-1958); retired (Aspley, 1972-1977; Carseldine, 1980)

===''LUHRS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Albert Luhrs|Luhrs, Victor Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZYN-VJJ] - 1888(Vic)-1964(SA) - Licences: V761 Receive Woori Yallock (1922); 3HB Receive Woori Yallock (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Torquon West, Nhill, 1909; Netherby, 1912-1914; Cavendish, 1916-1919; Woori Yallock, 1922-1924; Kalyan, SA, 1939); grazier (Tintinara, SA, 1941-1943)
===''LUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Douglas Lum|Lum, Allan Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92F-LX7] - 1913(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5AL Adelaide (Joslin, 1932-1939; Hyde Park, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 980, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 427, 1940; TVOCP 263, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Gawler, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Hyde Park, SA, 1943)

===''LUMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd John Lumb|Lumb, Lloyd John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84C-LF2] - 1907(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LL Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 471, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); postal electrician (Stanthorpe, 1943); technician (Ashgrove, 1949); engineer (Ashgrove, 1958-1972)

===''LUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Vincent Lunn|Lunn, Harold Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-4X5] - 1908(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 5HL Adelaide (Morphettville, 1935-1939); 2ANE Sydney (North Ryde) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1449, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Morphettville, SA, 1939-1943; Hurstville South, NSW, 1972); retired (North Ryde, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''LUXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilfred Luxon|Luxon, George Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5YJ-XTL] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5RX Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1928-1939, 1946-1965; Torrens Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 450, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster late 1920s; WW2; WIA SA (several official duties) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mitcham, 1939-1943)

===''LYNCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold John Lynch|Lynch, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTD-VXL] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4HL Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1934-1939, 1946-1956; Slacks Creek, 1960-1975); 4HL Springbrook (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1268, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); business proprietor (restaurants, picture theatres) - Electoral Rolls: cutter (Albion, Qld, 1928); shopkeeper (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Valley, Qld, 1949); shopkeeper (St Lucia, Qld, 1954; Slacks Creek, Qld, 1958-1968); owner (Slacks Creek, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Springbrook, Qld, 1980)

===''LYONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Thomas Lyons|Lyons, Joseph Aloysius Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGY-XKB] - 1879(Tas)-1939(NSW) - teacher, state politician, Premier of Tasmania, federal politician, Postmaster-General, Prime Minister of Australia, actively promoted development of broadcasting in Australia over two decades - Electoral Rolls:

=='''M'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''MABBITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Matthew Mabbitt|Mabbitt, John Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FD5] - 1905(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3KI Lake Boga (1930-1939); 3JG Lake Boga (1947-1948); 3JG Swan Hill (1954-1960); 3JG Melbourne (Templestowe, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 588, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Lake Boga, 1928-1949); supervisor (Swan Hill, 1954); public servant (Templestowe, 1963)

===''MACDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Macdonald|Macdonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-WT8] - 1883(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 45, 1936 - senior federal public servant (Chief Engineer, Radiotelegraph Branch, PMGD, 1914); Lieutenant-Commander Telegraphist (RAN, in charge captured German Pacific Wireless); chief engineer 7EX; supervised erection 3AR, 5CL, 7ZL; early TV research  - Comment: Don't confuse with Don Macdonald AWA consultant - Electoral Rolls: Numerous contemporaneous DMcDs - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199505.pdf EA]
* [[/Llewellyn Macdonald|Macdonald, Llewellyn &quot;Lew&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-73F] - 1908(Eng)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2WU Newcastle (West Maitland, 1929-1934; Wickham, 1935-1936; Waratah, 1937; Mayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 478, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 69, 1936; BOCP 50, 1936; 1COCP 125, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (West Maitland, 1930; Wickham, 1936); joiner (Waratah, 1937; Charlestown, 1972)

===''MACFARLANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred - see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred

===''MACGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. MacGregor|MacGregor, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4ZU Brisbane (Windsor, -1947+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''MACKAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Stewart Mackay|Mackay, Cedric Stewart or Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/973G-3Q2] - 1889(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XADF Coffs Harbour (1913-1914); 2GP Urunga (1922-1931); 2GO Coffs Harbour (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 149, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Urunga, 1930); agent (Coffs Harbour, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ian Keith Mackay|Mackay, Ian Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JG-NHF] - 1907(NZ)-1985(NZ) - author, historian (broadcast, &quot;Broadcasting in New Zealand&quot; (1953), &quot;Broadcasting in Australia&quot; (1957), &quot;Broadcasting in Nigeria&quot; (1964), &quot;Broadcasting in Papua New Guinea&quot; (1976) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting executive (Lane Cove, 1954); executive (Killara, 1958)
* [[/Ronald Reay Mackay|Mackay, Ronald Reay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-Y6T] - 1905(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3FZ Receive Melbourne (Carlton, 1922); 3MU Melbourne (Carlton, 1931-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, principal (RMIT) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Carlton, 1931-1963) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mackay-ronald-reay-10980 ADB]
===''MACKEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Francis Mackel|Mackel, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DJ-FP5] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2HG Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965; Hunters Hill, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 585, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1943); insurance inspector (Lane Cove, 1949-1954); insurance manager (Lane Cove, 1958-1963); manager (Hunters Hill, 1968-1980)
===''MACKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Harper Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Alexander Harper &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-MVZ] - 1892(Sct)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4GK Brisbane (Wynnum, 1930-1939; Bulimba, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 628, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Fire Service) - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Brisbane City, 1916; Hamilton, 1919; Brisbane City, 1925); fire brigade officer (Wynnum, 1928-1936); newsagent (Bulimba, 1949); retired (Bulimba, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 4YL Florence Madeline Mackenzie and 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie
* [[/Arthur Alexander Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-796] - 1918(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4HJ Jericho (1937); 4HJ Brisbane (Wynnum, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1346, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Townsville, 1949); newsagent (Grange, 1954-1963); public servant (Townsville, 1972; Cleveland, 1972; Thornlands, 1977, Cleveland, 1980) - Relationships: son of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; brother of 4YL Florence Madeline Streamer nee Mackenzie
* [[/Florence Madeline Mackenzie|Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-B8C] - 1922(Qld)-19??(Qld) - Licences: 4YL Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; third YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Mitchelton, 1949; New Farm, 1954) - Relationships: daughter of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; sister of 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Harold Stuart Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Harold Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L21R-VGN] - 1908(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AM Brisbane (Annerley, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 518, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 90, 1937; 1COCP 239, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1937); company manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1943-1954); radio operator (Blackheath, 1958); unemployed (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968); technician (Burleigh Heads, 1972-1980)

===''MACKINNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Eric Wilton MacKinnon|MacKinnon, Colin Eric Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK45-QRQ] - 1941(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2KCM Sydney 1980s; 2DYM Sydney (1980-2004)- Qualifications: NAOCP N1793, 1981; AOLCP N1281, 1981; AOCP N1032, 1981, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; historian (amateur radio; military radio; radar) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cronulla, 1968; Hurstville, 1977); retired (Glenhaven, 1980) - [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Colin_MacKinnon.htm Obit]

===''MACLARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Foster St Clair Maclardy|Maclardy, William John Foster St Clair &quot;Will&quot;]] - 1892(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2HP Sydney (Neutral Bay &amp; Cremorne,1922-1925), amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), journalist (Smith's Weekly, Wireless Weekly), correct surname is St Clair Maclardy but rarely used, son of William McIntyre St Clair Maclardy, one time Wireless Weekly proprietor
===''MACLAREN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Catto Maclaren|Maclaren, Donald Catto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-2R2] - 1909(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2DM Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1939); 2NN Narrabri (1947-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 655, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Haberfield, 1933-1936; Taree, 1937; Narrabri, 1949)
===''MACLURCAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Dansie Maclurcan|Maclurcan, Charles Dansie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWR7-LJ3] - 1889(Qld)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XDM Sydney (1909-1914); 2CM Sydney (Strathfield, 1921-1939; Neutral Bay, 1946-1957); 2CY Sydney (Strathfield, 1923, briefly by administrative error); first licence issued under new 1922 radio regulations - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 98, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; business proprietor (Maclurcan and Lane, 1909-19??, Maclurcan Engineering, Hotel Wentworth) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Darling Harbour, 1913); engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1934); hotel manager (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/maclurcan-hannah-13070 ADB] [[w:2CM|Wikipedia]] [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/who-was-radio-pioneer-charles-maclurcan/ radioinfo]

===''MACM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Chestnut McMillan|McMillan, Joseph Chestnut]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-8TG] - 1901(Sct)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 7BP Receive Hobart (City, 1923); 7BP Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1928)

===''MACPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Duncan Macpherson|Macpherson, Alexander Duncan &quot;Sandy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/29CF-Z3F] - 1899(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4MC Brisbane (Nundah, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Oakleigh, 1954; Chermside, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1271, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Toombul RC); Qld Lands (draughtsman) - Comment: Slow update for death in Electoral Rolls? - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1949; Oakleigh, Qld, 1954; Chermside, Qld, 1958-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MADDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney John Madden|Madden, Sydney John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-WGL] - 1900(Sct)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MN Perth (City, 1930; North Perth, 1931; Maylands, 1933-1937; Wembley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 264, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Maylands, WA, 1931-1937; Wembley Park, WA, 1937-1943); supervisor (Wembley, WA, 1954)

===''MADDICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Maddick|Maddick, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLB-J2P] - 1890(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: XLX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EF Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3EF Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 161, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; perpetrator of the foul mouthed parrot incident - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Elsternwick, 1917); mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1954)

===''MAGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin William Michael Magee|Magee, Kevin William Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-51Z] - 1913(Vic)-1979(Vanuatu) - Licences: 5KM Adelaide (City, 1931-1933); 2UN Sydney (Paddington, 1936); 3UN Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937); 3KM Melbourne (Kew, 1947-1960; North Balwyn, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 874, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: staff cadet (Victoria Barracks, NSW, 1936); military officer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1937; Kew, Vic, 1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1949-1954); company director (Kew, Vic, 1963); director (Balwyn, Vic, 1967-1972)

===''MAGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lindsay Maguire|Maguire, Arthur Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SN-BKC] - 1921(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3IO Stratford (1938-1939; 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2216, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Stratford, 1949-1977); grazier (Munro, 1980)
* [[/Ernest Norbert Maguire|Maguire, Ernest Norbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR4X-F61] - 1892(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KL Sydney (Lewisham, 1928-1930; Dulwich Hill, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 387, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Lewisham, 1930-1932); sergeant of police (Putney, 1943; Gladesville, 1949-1958); retired (Lake Illawarra South, 1963)
* [[/Sydney William Maguire|Maguire, Sydney William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDF-L85] - 1903(WA)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2XY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Paddington, 1935-1936; North Bondi, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 933, 1926; AOLCP 74, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Glenmore, 1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Maroubra North, 1943); inspector (Maroubra North, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1958)

===''MAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Mahon|Mahon, Hugh]] - 1857(Ire)-1931(Vic) - senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1904)

===''MALCOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Graham Malcolm|Malcolm, Keith Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8F-K5W] - 1949(Eng)-2011(NSW) - Licences: 3ZYK Melbourne (North Clayton, 1969; Mulgrave, 1975; Berwick, 1980); 1???; 2??? - Qualifications: AOLCP 2407, 1967 - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC); Communications Laboratory DoC (Director) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayton, Vic, 1972; Mulgrave, 1977; Berwick, 1980)
===''MALONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Joseph Malone|Malone, James Joseph &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWL8-8DP] - 1883(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 240, 1916 - employment (NSW P&amp;T, Telegraph Messenger; PMGD, Cadet Engineer, Controller Wireless; OTC, Manager); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayfield, Qld, 1917-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926-1928); chief inspector wireless (Kew, Vic, 1931-1937); Deputy Director, Posts and Telegraphs (Indooroopilly, 1943); public servant (Lindfield, NSW, 1949-1963) - Links: [[w:James Joseph Malone|Wikipedia]];  [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_05_30#P.109_-_Commonwealth_Controller_of_Wireless|Bio]]
===''MALPAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth John Malpas|Malpas, Kenneth John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGC2-BNN] - 1909(SA)-1929(SA) - Licences: 5XG Kadina (1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 313, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''MANGNALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hartley Mangnall|Mangnall, Robert Hartley Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MD-3L2] - 1903(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3?? Melbourne (Carlton, 1927); 3HB Melbourne (Highett, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 350, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Carlton, 1936); engineer (Sandringham, 1942-1963)
===''MANIFOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Charles Manifold|Manifold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXMR-BFZ] - 1908(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1933; McKinnon, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 647, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Malvern, 1931-1934; Bentleigh, 1936-1980)
===''MANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Mann|Mann, John Edward &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JY-STV] - 1912(SA)-1941(off Libyan coast) - Licences: 5EM Semaphore (1934-1938); 3IE Westmere (1938); 3IE Ballarat (1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1304, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, telegraphist) - Relationships: Son of Thomas William Mann - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1675471 AWM]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10278775 AWM] - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; 
* [[/Sydney George Mann|Mann, Sydney George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DP-V1C] - 1908(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3KY Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1931; Hampton, 1937-1939, 1946-1954; East Brighton, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 594, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Sergeant) - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Glenhuntly, 1931); mechanic (Sandringham, 1936-1937); shopkeeper (Woodend, 1942); mechanic (Hampton, 1949-1954); sales (Carnegie, 1963); salesman (St Kilda, 1967)
* [[/Thomas William Mann|Mann, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLZ-2S3] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 5EM-3IE John Edward Mann- Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol John Roland Manning|Manning, Athol John Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69L-G2L] - 1916(Tas)-2005(Tas) - Licences: 7LR Devonport (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1367, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Devonport, 1949-1954) 
* [[/Clifton Joseph Manning|Manning, Clifton Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G893-WW6] - 1909(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3CJ Melbourne (Ringwood, 1927; Elwood, 1931-1937; Eltham, 1938-1939; Balwyn, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1948; Beaumaris, 1954-1960); 3CJ Orbost (1965); 3CJ Marlo (1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 338, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 877, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (St Kilda, 1931-1936; Canterbury, 1943; Templestowe, 1949; Sandringham, 1954-1963); farmer (Orbost, 1967-1968); retired (Marlo, 1972-1977; Lang Lang, 1980)
===''MANSFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Mansfield|Mansfield, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZQ Burnie (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MANTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Thomas Mantle|Mantle, Joseph Patrick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-DP9] - 1913(Qld)-1976(Fiji) - Licences: 4XF Brisbane (Ascot, 1933-1939); 4XF Townsville (Hermit Park, 1947-1948); 4XF Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1960); 3AEN Bendigo (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1146, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 1083, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ascot, Qld, 1936); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business manager (New Farm, Qld, 1954); manager (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); sales manager (Warwick, Qld, 1963); no occupation (Townsville, Qld, 1963); sales executive (Petersham, NSW, 1972)
===''MANUEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Thomas Manuel|Manuel, Robert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5S-3R5] - 1910(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5RT Adelaide (Prospect, 1932-1939, 1947-1960; Beefacres, 1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1052, 1932, SA; BOCP 1310, 1953; 2COCP 1279, 1953; 1COCP 1688, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARCONI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi|Marconi, Guglielmo Giovanni Maria]] - 1874(Italy)-1937(Italy) - Inventor, electrical engineer, entrepreneur, businessman; pioneer of long distance radio transmission, widely credited as the inventor of radio; shared 1909 Nobel prize for physics for contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy 
===''MARCUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eugen Gerald Marcuse|Marcuse, Eugen Gerald &quot;Gerald&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9C3M-X1G] - 1886(Eng)-1961(Eng) - Licences: G2NM England - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer

===''MARKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Sydney Marks|Marks, Joseph Sydney or Sydney Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQG4-X1G] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Receive Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922); 2GR Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio trader (Electricity House, Marks' Radio Company); electrician; police officer; sued by 2BL for non-payment of fees in 1924 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rose Bay, 1930-1949)

===''MARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric William Marley|Marley, Cedric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVF2-DJ4] - 1918(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4CJ Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1938-1939; Graceville, 1947; Kalinga, 1948); 4CJ Rockhampton (1954-1956); 4CJ South Mackay (1960); 9CJ Port Moresby (1965); Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2079, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); broadcast technician (PMG, ABC); WW2 (RAN, telegraphist); federal public servant (PMG, ABC) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Kalinga, Qld, 1949; Rockhampton, Qld, 1954); broadcast technician (Mackay, Qld, 1958; Bucasia, Mackay, Qld, 1958; Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''MARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Clanan Marr|Marr, Charles William Clanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M8V-QQM] - 1880(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: MHR (Forrest, 1929); director (Crows Nest, NSW, 1933); company director (Wollstonecraft, 1933-1935); director (Crows Nest, 1935); company director (Pymble, 1937-1943; Killara, 1943-1949; Pymble, 1954-1958)

===''MARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Burton Mars|Mars, Ernest Burton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VJ-GWR] - 1907(SA)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Unley, 1923-1924); 4EM Charleville (1930-1933); 2EM Dubbo (1934-1936); 4EM Charleville (1937-1939, 1946-1947); 2GE Moree (1948); 4EM Emerald (1954-1955); 4EM Charleville (1956); 4EM Longreach (1960); 4EM Currumbin (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 686, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 23, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Dubbo, 1935); bank official (Charleville, 1937-1943; Wagga Wagga, 1949); bank clerk (Moree, 1949); bank manager (Commonwealth Bank Emerald, 1954; Commonwealth Bank, Charleville, 1958; Longreach, 1963); retired (Currumbin, 1968; Palm Beach, Qld, 1977-1980) - established 4VL Charleville commercial

===''MARSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Marsden|Marsden, Robert Cecil &quot;Cecil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92N-W62] - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Sydney, 1909; 2JM Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922); 2JM Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1923-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1925-1926; Edgecliff, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW, local NSW clubs) - Relationships: Father of 2VV-2FV Robert Morris Marsden - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Woolahra, 1930; Epping, 1930-1958); manager (Castlecrag, 1958-1968)
* [[/Robert Morris Marsden|Marsden, Robert Morris]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX1-VPG] - 1916(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2VV Sydney (Kingsford, 1958-1969); 2FV Tuross Heads (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 226, 1956; AOCP 3627, 1957, NSW - amateur operator; WW2 (RAAF) - Relationships: Son of 2JM Robert Cecil Marsden - Electoral Rolls: taxi proprietor (Bondi Beach, 1949; Kingsford, 1958-1972); retired (Tuross Heads, 1972-1980)
===''MARSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Westport Marsh|Marsh, Sydney or Sidney Westport]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFLN-PKM] - 1889(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK West Wallsend (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ladysmith, 1913); fitter (West Wallsend, 1930-1937)
===''MARSHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archie Francis Marshall|Marshall, Archie Francis &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37M-W83] - 1907(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4AF Clifton (1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 438, 1928, No. 48 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (blacksmith, fitter/turner) - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith (Clifton, 1930-1980)
* [[/Herbert Anthony Marshall|Marshall, Herbert Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJR-P3P] - 1888(India)-1948(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Port Pirie, 1910; 2HM Armidale (1924-1926); 2HM Sydney (Bondi, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 115, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 48, 1931 - Comment: proud of his initials &quot;H.A.M.&quot;, early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Relationships: his daughter Denise Chalmers Marshall frequently on air over 2HM - TroveTag: &quot;2HM - Herbert Anthony Marshall&quot; - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Bondi, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1934-1943)
* [[/Mary Austine Marshall|Henry nee Marshall, Mary Austine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-GR6] - 1913(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3YL Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1930-1939, 1946-1956; East Malvern, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 619, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Oakleigh, 1936-1937); no occupation (Oakleigh, 1942-1954); home duties (Oakleigh, 1958-1980) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Vaughan Edward Marshall|Marshall, Vaughan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86T-KNY] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3UK Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1933; Kew, 1937-1939, 1946-1969; Mt Eliza, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 603, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Kew, 1936); tea specialist (Kew, 1937-1968); retired (Mt Eliza, 1977-1980)

===''MARSLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Bruce Marsland|Marsland, Benjamin Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-X47] - 1906(Qld)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 4DX Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928); teller (Normanton, Qld, 1930); bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931; Malanda, Qld, 1932); no occupation (Annerley, Qld, 1943)

===''MARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Thomas Marston|Marston, James Thomas &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKDX-19C] - 1920(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Belmont, 1948; Morningside, 1954); 4JA Toowoomba (1955-1956); 4JA Brisbane (Boondall, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2655, 1948, Qld - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943); engineer (Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); technician (Boondall, Qld, 1963-1972)
* [[/W. L. Marston|Marston, W. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Martin|Martin, James Frederick]] - 1909(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3MJ Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1927-1933); 3JM Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 340, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1936); traveller (North Fitzroy, 1949; Heidelberg, 1954-1963); sales director (Doncaster, 1967); sales (Noble Park, 1972)
* [[/John Michael Martin|Martin, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX79-GWZ] - 1886(Irl)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 146, 1915; 1COCP 58, 1935 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Comment: several contemporaneous JMMs - Electoral Rolls: Ancestry 299 hits  too be sifted
* [[/John Robert Martin|Martin, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWFG-HMM] - 1919(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4MX Cunnamulla (1937-1939); 4MX Toowoomba (1946-1954); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1955-1960); 4MX Julia Creek (1965-1969); 4MX Finch Hatton (1975); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1933, 1937, Qld; BOCP 147, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); business proprietor (radio service); Presbyterian minister - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949-1954); radio technician (Gaythorne, Qld, 1958; Kingaroy, Qld, 1963); missionary (Blackall, Qld, 1972; Gaythorne, Qld, 1972); minister of religion (Enoggera, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Malcolm Martin|Martin, Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-PG7] - 1903(UK)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4KY Ipswich (1933-1939); 4KY Brisbane (Sandgate, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1110, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: carriage trimmer (Woodend, Qld, 1925-1937; Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Silas Martin|Martin, Silas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXMT-6WS] - 1874(NSW)-1945(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Perth, 1903-1906; East Perth, 1912-1914); mechanic (Rockhampton, 1917-1921); radio mechanic (Cooktown, 1925; Beam Wireless Station, Ballan, 1928-1943); mechanic (Marrickville, NSW, 1943)
* [[/Walter J. Martin|Martin, Walter J.]] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 1, 1914, No. 1 in Aus and Vic, Marconi &amp; Telefunken) - coastal station operator?
* [[/William Anthony Martin|Martin, William Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-KPZ] - 1911(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WM Hobart (West Hobart, 1929-1931); 7WM Gawler (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 497, 1929, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 70, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous William Anthony Martin's

===''MASHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Wilfred Mashman|Mashman, Lionel Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6K-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2OB Receive Sydney (Bexley, 1923-1924), 2OB Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 84, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''MASTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Harold Masters|Masters, Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPY] - 1875(Vic)-1951(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed); vice president WIA Launceston 1920s; later prominent architect - Relationships: brother of 7MM William Edward Masters - Electoral Rolls: architect (Launceston, 1928-1949)
* [[/Brian Jermyn Masters|Masters, Brian Jermyn &quot;Jermyn&quot;]] - 1891(Vic)-1950(NZ) - 3LM Receive Melbourne (Armadale, 1923), 3LM Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925), amateur operator (pre-AOCP; no record found of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, operated his station both individually and on behalf WIA Malvern
* [[/William Edward Masters|Masters, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPW] - 1873(Vic)-1952(Tas) - Licences: 7MM Hobart (Bellerive 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1066, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; solicitor - Relationships: brother of Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot; Masters - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Bellerive, 1914-1949) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27111852 Obituary]

===''MATCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Kenneth Lyle Matchett|Matchett, John Kenneth Lyle &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1L-SCZ] - 1921(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Licences: 3TL Melbourne (Box Hill, 1960; Templestowe, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3700, 1958, Vic - amateur operator, WW2, member Old Timer's Club - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949); teacher (Bayswater, 1954); lecturer (Templestowe, 1963-1980) - curator of the WIA QSL card collection for many years; personally acquired a large collection of Australian amateur QSL cards which were donated to the WIA collection on his passing, many thousands of QSLs provided by Wolf Harranth of Dokufunk on an exchange basis
===''MATHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Stewart Mather|Mather, Alexander Stewart &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTL-WWC] - 1909(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2JZ Singleton (1929-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 479, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 89, 1932; TVOCP 273, 1960 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cordial manufacturer (Singleton, 1930-1968)
===''MATHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campion Mathews|Mathews, John Campion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-46V] - 1912(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3SY Geelong (Newtown, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+); 3JM Portable Geelong (Newtown, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 709, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Newtown, 1934-1968); operator (Newtown, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Mathews|Mathews, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82Z-KX2] - 1914(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4EE Rockhampton (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1414, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MATTHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Thomas Matthews|Matthews, Fred or Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-22K] - 1904(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4FK Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); business proprietor (Matthews Fire Alarm Co) - Awards: OBE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Merthyr, 1925-1958); engineer (New Farm, 1963-1980)
* [[/John Leigh Inglis Matthews|Matthews, John Leigh Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKN-159] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJD Melbourne (Richmond, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Richmond, 1913-1919)
* [[/Kenneth Morgan Matthews|Matthews, Kenneth Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-R2W] - 1911(SA)-2009(SA)98yo - Licences: 5GN Adelaide (Malvern, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1732, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Malvern, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/551921 VWMA]
* [[/V. J. Matthews|Matthews, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AQ Perth (Bayswater, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Stott's College (Principal, early 1920s) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified, WA till about 1925, Victoria late 1920s
* [[/Walter John Penrose Matthews|Matthews, Walter John Penrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5TS-HZN] - 1880(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5BS Receive Murray Bridge (1922); Receive Murray Bridge (1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: lifter SA Railways (Tailem Bend, SA, 1939-1943)

===''MAUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Mauger|Mauger, Samuel &quot;Sam&quot;]] - 1857(Vic)-1936(Vic) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1908)
===''MAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Maughan|Maughan, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-BJW] - 1903(WA)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3HH Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1922); 3HH Melbourne (Malvern, 1923-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 14, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 82, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Malvern East, 1925-1954)

===''MAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Mawson|Mawson, Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3H-42N] - 1882(Eng)-1958(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Head Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914) - Electoral Rolls: [[w:Douglas Mawson|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mawson-sir-douglas-7531 ADB]
* [[/Ernest Richard Mawson|Mawson, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2W9T-NJN] - 1861(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Sydney (Campsie, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Parramatta, 1903); no occupation (Dee Why, 1930-1933; Harbord, 1934-1936; Manly, 1937-1943)

===''MAXWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alston Maxwell|Maxwell, Ronald Alston]] - 1908(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2KS Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 656, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Randwick, 1933; Liverpool, 1934-1935; Croydon, 1936-1937); clerk (Caringbah, 1949)

===''MAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank May|May, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-CXP] - 1878(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6FM Dwellingup (1929-1931); 6FM Gnowangerup (1933); 6FM Esperance (1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 139, 1915; AOCP 560, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: stationmaster (Gnowangerup, 1931; Esperance, 1936-1937; Armadale, 1943; Collie, 1949)
===''MAYGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Hubert Mayger|Mayger, Neil Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F7-J2D] - 1890(Vic)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1930); sales (Darlinghurst, 1937); salesman (East Sydney, 1937); Sales (Darlinghurst, 1943)

===''MCATEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McAteer|McAteer, Brother Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKT-JWB] - 1881(NZ)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Receive Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1923); 5AQ Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCAULEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Money McAuley|McAuley, William John Money &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKH-Z5Y] - 1909(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3WM Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 221, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: jackaroo (Nyngan, 1930); grazier (Womboota, 1937-1943)

===''MCBRIDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander James McBride|McBride, Alexander James]] - 1914(Qld)-1993(Qld) - 4BR Brisbane (Wilston, 1939, 1947-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 2320, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), business (radio repair)

===''MCCABE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Bernard McCabe|McCabe, William Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ1C-FN2] - 1864(Irl)-1938(WA) - Licences: 7AQ Clarence Point (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (St Kilda, Vic, 1912; Balaclava, 1913-1914; Elsternwick, 1915-1921; Caulfield, 1924); orchardist (Clarence Point, 1922-1928); civil engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1937)
===''MCCALMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Colin McCalman|McCalman, Maxwell Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-V77] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 3KX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 142, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, musician (1934), engineer (1943-1963)
===''MCCANDLISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack McCandlish|McCandlish, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-TJC] - 1915(Eng)-1943(Ins) - Licences: 3HN Sea Lake (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1468, 1935, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Sergeant, Commando, 1943) - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Sea Lake, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1685215]
===''MCCARTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Keith McCarthy|McCarthy, John Keith &quot;Keith / Macca&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1998(Qld) - 3FX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1932-1933), 2IM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1934), 2VM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1935), 3FX Melbourne (Hampton, 1937; Ascot Vale, 1938-1939; City, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1954-1956), 9AR On board yacht Pandemonium (1969),  P29AR/MM On board yacht Pandemonium (1975), 4DU Beenleigh (1980), 4PY Surfers Paradise (1980), amateur operator (AOCP 1036, 1932, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, state public servant (Vic Railways, telegraphist), military (RAAF, DFC, AFM, AE)
===''MCCULLAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Austral McCullagh|McCullagh, Alexander Austral]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNN-V7Y] - 1897(Qld)-1981(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Home Hill, 1923); 2RR Sydney (Balgowlah, 1965-1969); 9NI Norfolk Island (1975) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2977, 1959; AOLCP 754, 1959; AOCP 4229, 1964, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Sandgate, Qld, 1919); chemist (Inkerman Mill, Qld, 1922); engineer (Bondi North, NSW, 1930; Abbotsford, NSW, 1932-1933; Edgecliff, NSW, 1933; Burwood, NSW, 1934-1936); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949-1963); retired (Green Point, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''MCCULLOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Robert McCulloch|McCulloch, George Robert]] - 1907(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3XM Receive Ballarat (1923-1924), 3GM Ballarat (1925-1939, 1946-1965+), amateur operator (AOCP 198, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968)

===''MCDERMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Westall McDermott|McDermott, James Westall &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-PY2] - 1913(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JM Brisbane (1930) &amp; Nambour (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 711, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4RM Robert Ernest McDermott; son of 4WP Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1949); radio engineer (Nambour, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Robert Ernest McDermott|McDermott, Robert Ernest &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW8-QJ5]  - 1917(Qld)-2006(Qld) - Licences: 4RM Nambour (1938-1939); 4RM Brisbane (Ekibin, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2223, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); business proprietor (radio/TV retail, Ekibin) - Relationships: brother of James Westall McDermott; son of Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, 1943; Ekibin, 1949-1968); TV engineer (Tewantin, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Westall Samuel McDermott|McDermott, Westall Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-2SQ] - 1889(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4WP Nambour (1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2087, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of James Westall McDermott &amp; Robert Ernest McDermott - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Hendon, Qld, 1916-1917; Sandgate, Qld, 1921; Glen Eagle, Qld, 1925-1928; Rosemount, Qld, 1934; Nambour, Qld, 1937-1958); retired (Nambour, Qld, 1963)

===''MCDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
SEE ALSO MACDONALD
* [[/Arthur Stephen McDonald|McDonald, Arthur Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36J-ZLJ] - 1891(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 700, 1922 - broadcast engineer (PMGD, RANRS, AWA); professional society administrator (IEA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1913; St Kilda, Vic, 1916-1924; Vaucluse, NSW, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1936); engineer (Edgecliff, 1943; Double Bay, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdonald-arthur-stephen-7333 ADB]; [https://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P001299b.htm Bright Sparks]
* [[/Colin McDonald|McDonald, Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-SCG] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Rockhampton (1935-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1440, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1958); accountant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1968-1972)
* [[/Donald McDonald|McDonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)?
* [[/Donald Munro McDonald|McDonald, Donald Munro]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Yarraville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Comment: Several contemporaneous DMMs
* [[/John McDonald|McDonald, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-WJR] - 1894(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 137, 1915; CPRT 190, 1916 (replacement?) - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMcD - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified; Ancestry.com 1000s of hits to be sifted
* [[/Wilfred Neville McDonald|McDonald, Wilfred Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-DB1] - 1914(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Parramatta, 1935-1936); 4ZT Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1937; New Farm, 1938-1939; Annerley, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1412, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Granville, NSW, 1936); radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Annerley, Qld, 1949); electrical engineer (Tennyson, Qld, 1954-1963); manager (Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''MCDONOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard McDonough|McDonough, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQX-NXY] - 1875(Wales)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920) - Electoral Rolls: Royal Navy (Newport, Vic, 1914-1915); Royal Australian Navy (Yarraville, Vic, 1917-1919); hotel proprietor (West Maitland, 1930-1935); retired (Wickham, 1937)

===''MCDOWALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine McDowall|McDowall, Valentine &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M14R-SPG] - 1881(Qld)-1957(Qld) - 4CN Receive Brisbane (1922); 4CM Brisbane (City, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radiographer; WW2 - 4CM operator primarily Thomas Murray Browse Elliott after about 1925 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Laidley, 1906-1914; Clayfield, 1919; Ascot, 1934-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdowall-valentine-7349 ADB]
===''MCDOWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Daniel McDowell|McDowell, John Edward Daniel or John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX86-J52] - 1914(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Ascot, 1937-1939); 4CX Gladstone (1947-1965); 4CX Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1873, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Ascot, Qld, 1937); chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1943-1949); industrial chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1954-1963); chemistry instructor (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''MCELWEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Johnston McElwee|McElwee, George Johnston]] - 1879(Tas)-1981(Tas) - involved with Launceston Radio Clubs searching for the roar

===''MCGARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Ignatius McGarry|McGarry, Lloyd Ignatius]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GT-4PR] - 1919(NSW)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4XY Roma (1937-1939); 4XY Rockhampton (1947); 4XY Brisbane (Taringa, 1948; Coorparoo, 1954-1956); 2ALM Sydney (Lakemba, 1960-1965); 1AM Canberra (Macquarie, 1969-1975); 4ALL Brisbane (Kingston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1943, 1937, Qld; BOCP 139, 1937; 2COCP 607, 1942; 1COCP 1026, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4GR, 4ZR); military (RAAF, WW2, mobile wireless, post WW2 Naval Intelligence); federal public servant (PMGD); scientist (Ionospheric Prediction Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Deagon, Qld, 1949); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1958; Townsville, Qld, 1958)

===''MCGAURAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Duncan James Macfarlane McGauran|McGauran, Duncan James Macfarlane]] - 1849(NZ)-1889(NSW) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria, member; Society of Telegraph Engineers, London, member), employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs; WA Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendant Telegraphs; NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs), patents in Quadraplex Telegraphy, father of Duncan James McGauran (telegraphist, accountant, inventor of a telephone meter)

===''MCGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carney Mitchell McGee|McGee, Carney Mitchell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-9LF] - 1910(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 5LX Adelaide (Mile End, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 676, 1930, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 52, 1936; 1COCP 210, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (North Unley, SA, 1939); assistant radio inspector (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1943); radio inspector (Kensington, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Como, 1980)
===''MCGEOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Samuel McGeoch|McGeoch, William Leslie Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVNY-SDX] - 1912(WA)-2007(WA) - Licences: 6WL Brookton (1935-1939, 1947-1956); 6WL Bunbury (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1442, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Brookton, WA, 1936-1943); radio service (Brookton, WA, 1958); electrician (Carey Park, WA, 1968-1980)

===''MCGOWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Walker McGowan|McGowan, Samuel Walker]] - 1829(Irl)-1887(Vic) - Vic Posts and Telegraphs (Superintendent Telegraphs), successfully tendered for the first Australian electric telegraph 1854 (Melbourne to Williamstown) then appointed to the public service to operate and maintain it, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria)

===''MCGRATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Philip McGrath|McGrath, Edward Philip &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW87-9K5] - 1906(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5MO Adelaide (Parkside, 1933-1939; West Mitcham, 1947-1965; Aldgate, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1175, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Parkside, SA, 1939)
* [[/Francis Thomas McGrath|McGrath, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-HRN] - 1891(Tas)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 87, 1915; 1COCP 45, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Moonah, Tas, 1919); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1922); engineer (Eagle Junction, 1925); telegraphist (South Yarra, 1926-1927); supervisor (Caulfield, Vic, 1928-1934; Camberwell, Vic, 1936)

===''MCGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aenas McGregor|McGregor, Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WT] - 1865(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: XJEA Melbourne (Armadale, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: father of 3ZE Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Armadale, 1919; Toorak, 1928-1936)
* [[/Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor|McGregor, Keith Wilfred Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WQ] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ZE Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1924; Toorak, 1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 52, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XJEA Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toorak, 1925-1928)

===''MCGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Patrick Holman McGuire|McGuire, Leo Patrick Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HK-B2T] - 1906(NSW)-2001(WA) - Licences: 3KM Myrtleford (1929-1937); 3KM Corryong (1938-1939); 6MG Manjimup (1947-1969); 6MG Perth (Thornlie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 488, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Wangaratta, 1928); picture proprietor (Albury, 1931); postal employee (Myrtleford, 1936-1937); postal clerk (Mt Magnet, 1943; Manjimup, 1949); radio mechanic (Manjimup, 1954-1972); retired (Thornlie, 1977-1980)
===''MCHUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles McHugh|McHugh, William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-V5Z] - 1914(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KA or 6KD Perth (Guildford, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1766, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Guildford, WA, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Belmont, WA, 1949; North Perth, WA, 1954); mechanic (Cottesloe, WA, 1954; Mt Pleasant, WA, 1963-1972)

===''MCINTOSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John James McIntosh|McIntosh, Stanley John James &quot;Stan&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-C5P] - 1913(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4PK Ipswich (Woodend, 1931-1939); 4PK Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 730, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (workshop foreman); business proprietor (electrical engineering) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Woodend, Qld, 1934-1937; Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''MCINTYRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel George McIntyre|McIntyre, Daniel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTNG-PHV] - 1901(???)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2VX Receive Sydney (Pymble, 1923); 2VX Sydney (Pymble, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1958); radio retailer (Pymble, 1963)

===''MCKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander John McKenzie|McKenzie, Alexander John]] - 1905(???)-19??(???) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''MCKEOWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* McKenzie, Florence Violet  (married name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)
* [[/Allan McIllroy McKeown|McKeown, Allan McIllroy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L69J-SFC] - 1904(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3YZ Melbourne (Alphington, 1924-1927); 3YZ Geelong (1931); 3YZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1933-1939, 1946-1969); 3YZ Ocean Grove (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 51, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 42, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1936-1954; Alphington, 1968); nil (Ocean Grove, 1972-1977)
===''MCKINLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Harold McKinley|McKinley, Norman Harold &quot;Shorty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWGP-TLC] - 1913(???)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 969, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Milton, Qld, 1949-1972); driver (Paddington, Qld, 1980)

===''MCLAUCHLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles David McLauchlan|McLauchlan, Charles David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYL6-PYY] - 1876(Vic)-1943(Vic) - 6BW Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923), 6BW Perth (Victoria Park, 1924-1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Eucla, 1906; Perth, 1910-1916), telegraph engineer (Victoria Park, 1925), superintendent telegraphs (South Yarra, 1931; Camberwell, 1937-1943)

===''MCLEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Campbell McLean|McLean, Stewart Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86G-PMR] - 1910(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3GK Melbourne (Yarraville, 1930-1933; Brunswick, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; Caulfield, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 601, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 65, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarraville, 1931-1936); nil (Elsternwick, 1954); engineer (Caulfield, 1958-1980)

===''MCLENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth McLennan|McLennan, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9H-B4N] - 1892(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 124, 1915; 2COCP 185, 1930; 1COCP 238, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous KMcLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCLEOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander McLeod|McLeod, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMKJ-L25] - 1972(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4CF Receive Brisbane (Red Hill, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Red Hill, 1903-1905); pastrycook (Red Hill, 1908-1926; Mt Bruce, 1929-1943)
* [[/Gordon Stuart McLeod|McLeod, Gordon Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-38Y] - 1912(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 3ZZ Geelong (West Geelong, 1930-1931; Newtown, 1933; Crib Point, 1937; Wallington, 1938); 2ADC Sydney (Sans Souci, 1939; Hurstville, 1946-1947; Beverley Hills, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 707, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: RAN (Crib Point, Viv, 1937); petty officer RAN (Hurstville, 1943); clerk (Beverly Hills, 1949-1963)
* [[/Norman McLeod|McLeod, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86P-8F2] - 1901(Vic)-1995(Vic) - Licences: 3NM Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 602, 19??, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Caulfield, 1937-1968)

===''MCLOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. C. McLoughlin|McLoughlin, E. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5KJ Port Lincoln (1928-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MCMAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Hanney McMahon|McMahon, Leo Hanney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD8-XQH] - 1914(Qld)-1992(NSW) - 4LM Brisbane (Toombul, 1933-1938); 2ALM Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1939); 2AC Sydney (Kingsford, 1946-1950; Randwick, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1104, 1933, Qld) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, AMC); occupation (doctor) - Electoral Rolls: student (Camperdown, NSW, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Kingsford, NSW, 1949; Randwick, NSW, 1954-1980)

===''MCMASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John McMaster|McMaster, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls:

===''MCMATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph McMath|McMath, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KG-ZK2] - 1910(Vic)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 3JJ Melbourne (Albert Park, 1927-1939; South Melbourne, 1946-1960; Elwood, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 351, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albert Park, 1931-1937); manager (St Kilda, 1949-1954); retired (Brighton, 1963-1968; Black Rock, 1972-1977)

===''MCMURTRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Adam McMurtrie|McMurtrie, Sydney Adam or Adam Sydney &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQM-DQW] - 1908(NSW)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4JR Booval (1929-1933); 2AFX Lismore (1937-1939); 4KT Gympie (1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 491, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Gympie, 1936); radio salesman (Lismore, 1937); telephone mechanic (Gympie, 1943-1980)
===''MCNALTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McNalty|McNalty, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXW-67M] - 1901(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DZ Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Mackay, Qld, 1930-1943); public servant (Fairfield, Qld, 1949); clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1954); telegraphist (St Lucia, Qld, 1958)

===''MCNICOL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Edgar McNicol|McNicol, Robert William Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-6NN] - 1917(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4WM Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1680, 1936, Qld; BOCP 57, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Teneriffe, Qld, 1943); university lecturer (Tarragindi, Qld, 1954-1972)

===''MCPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Thomas McPherson|McPherson, Colin Thomas or Thomas Collins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-HST] - 1897(Vic)-1951(Vic) - Licences: 3LU Melbourne (Footscray, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 523, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Footscray, 1919); storeman (Footscray, 1922-1942)
* [[/Murdoch John McPherson|McPherson, Murdoch or Murdock John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/27D9-9TB] - 1904(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4MC Merinda (1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 916, 1926; 2COCP 58, 1929; 1COCP 161, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Merinda, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1929); clerk (Mt Coolah, NSW, 1968)

===''MEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Mead|Mead, Jack]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-ZSH] - 1915(WA)-2009(WA) - Licences: 6LJ Perth (East Victoria Park, 1931-1939; Wembley, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 803, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 168, 1934; 1COCP 289, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Victoria Park, WA, 1937); mechanic (Wembley, WA, 1943-1980)
* [[/Jordan Arthur Mead|Mead, Jordan Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTJF-1KH] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1924), 2JA Sydney (Ashfield, 1925-1928), 2JA Byron Bay (1929-1930), 2AJA Sydney (Ashfield, 1946; Bexley, 1947-1957), 2JM Sydney (Bexley, 1958-1980), qualifications (AOCP 212, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: telephone mechanic (Byron Bay, 1930; Ashfield, 1931-1943), power technician (Bexley, 1949-1968), electrical field officer (Bexley, 1972-1980)

===''MEADOWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Meadows|Meadows, Robert Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-ZRK] - 1907(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 4RM Mackay (1932-1939);  2ARM Sydney (Kirribilli, 1946-1948); 2IN Sydney (Rhodes, 1956-1958; Chiswick, 1960; Long Jetty, 1961; Killarney Vale, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 879, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (Pems Radio, Rockhampton); journalist (Minchens Electrical Weekly); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: reporter (Crows Nest, NSW, 1930); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1932); radiotrician (Mackay, 1934-1937); wireless instructor (Kirribilli, NSW, 1943); manager (Rhodes, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Five Dock, NSW, 1958; Killarney Vale, NSW, 1963)

===''MEDHURST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Edney Medhurst|Medhurst, Edgar Edney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-WFC] - 1902(Tas)-1966(Vic) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Frederick William Medhurst|Medhurst, Frederick William &quot;Pop&quot; (in latter years)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4GS-R6P] - 1868(Eng)-1969(Tas) 101yo - Licences: XZD Hobart (1913-1914); 7AH Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923); 7AH Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1924-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter from 1901; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business (Medhurst &amp; Sons, 1920s) - Relationships: father of  Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst, all in the business and interested in radio
* [[/Harry Frederick Medhurst|Medhurst, Harry Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-QZV] - 1893(Tas)-1963(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Phillip Aubrey Medhurst|Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-DFX] - 1895(Tas)-1969(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Rowland Arthur Medhurst|Medhurst, Rowland Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-ZT4] - 1892(Tas)-1969(Tas) - early wireless experimenter, lecturing on wireless 1911, never licensed, likely utilised licence of XZD-7AH (father), son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst
===''MEDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel James Clifford Medlin|Medlin, Noel James Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MB-743] - 1917(Vic)-2004(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (ABCB), federal public servant (ABCB), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1943; St Kilda, 1949; Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Inverloch, 1980) - father of AM directional antennas in Australia

===''MENON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Menon|Menon, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4F-3CQ] - 1905(SA)-1969(NSW) - 3OG Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3OG Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1927), 2OG Sydney (Haberfield, 1928; Croydon, 1929-1931), 3OG Melbourne (East Kew, 1933), 2OG Sydney (Northbridge, 1934-1935; Chatswood, 1936-1937; Longueville, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Pymble, 1950; West Pennant Hills, 1954-1965; Arcadia, 1969), amateur operator (AOCP 209, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (St Kilda West, 1926-1927), radio engineer (Coburg, 1931), engineer (Kew, 1934), radio engineer (Chatswood, 1937; Longueville, 1943), engineer (Baulkham Hills, 1954-1958; Arcadia, 1968)

===''MERCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie George Merchin|Merchin, Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTLT-SSF] - 1917(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ML Richmond (1934-1939); 4MG Richmond (1948); 4MG Killarney (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1399, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: garage proprietor (Richmond, Qld, 1943-1949); motor mechanic (Killarney, Qld, 1954-1968; Rockhampton North, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MEREDITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement George Benger Meredith|Meredith, Clement George Benger]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZJD-6S6] - 1885(WA)-1959(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 15, 1914 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1916); officer-in-charge wireless (Geraldton, WA, 1916-1917)
* [[/Llewellyn Lennon Meredith|Meredith, Llewellyn Lennon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8W-LV7] - 1885(Eng)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 246, 1916 - ship wireless officer, AWA (traffic manager) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_04_04#P.22_-_Obituary_-_Mr._L._L._Meredith|Obit]]
===''MESSENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Albert Messenger|Messenger, Percival Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRP-BS1] - 1892(SA)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 5PM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 70, 1915 (Marconi); CPRT 152, 1915 (Balsillie) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manager (Randwick, NSW, 1936; Coogee, NSW, 1943-1958; Randwick, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''MICHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Ernest Henderson Michell|Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQNQ-T5H] - 1897(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3JP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3JP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1931; Elsternwick, 1933); 3JP Hamilton (1937-1939); 3AEM Hamilton (1960-1969); 3JX Hamilton (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 162, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator of 3LR Elsternwick Radio Club (1925); WW1; land officer (Hamilton, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Balaclava, 1919-1921); draftsman (Caulfield, 1922); land officer (Hamilton, 1936-1980)

===''MILBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Leslie Milburn|Milburn, Henry Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-8VJ] - 1890(Vic)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Home Hill (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowong, 1919); electrical engineer (Home Hill, 1922-1925; Stanthorpe, 1934-1949) - Halcyon: not mentioned?

===''MILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Thomas Miles|Miles, Gilbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19Y-X19] - 1904(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7KQ Hobart (Bellerive, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 106, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Glen Iris, Vic, 1931); engineer (Elsternwick, 1936); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943-1972); engineer (Croydon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Harry Raymond Miles|Miles, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NJ-DQ2] - 1911(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1933); 6XL Wiluna (1937); 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 645, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wiluna Gold Mines, WA, 1936; Mt Beauty, Vic, 1954); poultry farmer (Balga, WA, 1958-1972); farmer (Wanneroo, WA, 1977-1980)

===''MILLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roydon Arthur Milledge|Milledge, Roydon Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMJY-3DW] - 1903(Vic)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 3WT Shepparton (1936-1937); 7WT Hobart (1938-1939); 7WT Ulverstone (1947-1948+); 7WT Hobart (1956-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1693, 1936, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; bank clerk 1931; Civil Engineer 1950s - Electoral Rolls: assistant engineer (State Savings Bank, Auburn, 1927); engineer (Glenhuntley, 1931-1934); civil engineer (Shepparton, 1936)
===''MILLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dunlop Millen|Millen, John Dunlop]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC9X-S4W] - 1877(Irl)-1941(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; senator - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Waratah, 1914-1919; Newstead, 1922-1937)
===''MILLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alexander Miller|Miller, Charles Alexander &quot;Charlie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-YRR] - 1915(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4US Brisbane (New Farm, 1933-1936); 2ADE Casino (1935-1939, 1946-1961); 4QM Caloundra (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1208, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang, military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Casino, 1943-1963); army officer (Ipswich, 1963); retired (Shelley Beach, 1968-1972; Caloundra, 1977-1980)
* [[/Charles Harcourt Miller|Miller, Charles Harcourt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-9QY] - 1921(Tas)-2001(Tas) - Licences: 7CM Hobart (Bellerive, 1936-1939; Taroona, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1799, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Bellerive, 1943)
* [[/Francis George Miller|Miller, Francis George &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-LHT] - 1895(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BF Mt Gambier (1923-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 185, 1925, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 58, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; founder of commercial station 5MU Murray Bridge; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Murray Bridge, 1939-1943) [https://www.qsl.net/vk5br/FrankMiller.pdf Biography]
* [[/Frank Colin Miller|Miller, Frank Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9C-86L] - 1884(Eng)-1953(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 126, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engine operator (Radio Station, Roebourne, 1916-1917); station hand (Marron Station, 1918; Carnarvon, 1921; Mallina, 1922-1925); contractor (Roebourne, 1930-1936; Karratha Station, 1937); labourer (Roebourne, 1943); cook (Wittenoom Gorge, 1949)
* [[/H. Miller|Miller, H.]] - 19??-19?? - 4EH Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1924); 2EH Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1925-1928) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert Edward Miller|Miller, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-XMX] - 1899(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HE Sydney (Belmore, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 932, 1926; 2COCP 329, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Campsie, 1930; Belmore, 1932-1943); miner (Glen Davis, 1943)
* [[/Herbert Leslie Miller|Miller, Herbert Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-7LH] - 1897(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4CA Receive Brisbane (West End, 1922); 4HL Brisbane (Hill End, 1927) - Qualifications: CPRT 330, 1917; 2COCP 329, 1940; 1COCP 483, 1940s; BOCP 370, 1941 - ship wireless officer (RMS Bingera, 1920); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (J. B. Chandler, 1924; Overells, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (West End, 1921); salesman (West End, 1925); manager (Coorparoo, 1928); salesman (Coorparoo, 1937-1954); clerk (Camp Hill, 1958-1963)

===''MILLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hugh Milligan|Milligan, Stanley Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2CB1-L7Y] - 1901(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3AU Receive Geelong (1922-1923); 3AU Geelong (1924); 3AU Eaglehawk (1924-1926); 3AU Chilwell (1927-1931); 3AU Geelong (1937-1939); 3AU Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1947; Auburn, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 125, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 164, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Eaglehawk, 1924-1926; Geelong West, 1924); radio mechanic (Chilwell, 1927-1931); watchman (Geelong West, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Hawthorn, 1949); engineer (Canterbury, 1954-1968); nil (Doncaster, 1972)
===''MILLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Griffiths John Mills|Mills, Griffiths John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CK Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Subiaco, 1929-1931)
* [[/Norman Gibson Mills|Mills, Norman Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9415-SSS] - 1890(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 4NM Brisbane (Moorooka, 1938-1939, 1947-1956; Margate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, Qld, 1919); contractor (Moorooka, Qld, 1921-1954); retired (Margate, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Ralph Mervyn Mills|Mills, Ralph Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JD-GST] - 1909(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MM Sydney (Balmain, 1930-1934; Canterbury, 1935-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 660, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Balmain, 1931-1937); engineer (Pymble, 1949-1977; West Pymble, 1980)

===''MILNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Brough Milne|Milne, Andrew Brough]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KXN-QZV] - 1890(South Africa)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Dealer Mackay (1926-1927) - Qualifications: 3COCP 3492, 1961 - dealer licence - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Mackay, 1915-1943); mechanical engineer (North Mackay, 1949-1977)
* [[/John Collicott Milne|Milne, John Collicott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP34-518] - 1903(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7AG Gretna (1923-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 604, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Gretna, 1928-1980)
* [[/James Milner|Milner, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXH-1DM] - 1901(Eng)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4AK Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1923-1927; Ashgrove, 1931-1936); 4AU Brisbane (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 93, 1925, No. 11 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (prominent from Valley Theatre) - Withdrawal: 4AK amateur callsign withdrawn by the PMGD for allocation to the new 4AK Oakey commercial service - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kelvin Grove, 1925-1926); electrical fitter (Ashgrove, 1928-1943)

===''MINCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur W. Minchin|Minchin, Arthur W.]] - 19??-19?? - 4AM Rockhampton - amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4RO Cmcl), wireless retail business proprietor - seems in error, see William Allan Minchin 
* [[/William Allan Minchin|Minchin, William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV7Q-86C] - 1893(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 220, 1916; 2COCP 365, 1931; 1COCP 244, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer operator (Wyndham, 1917); farmer (Toodyay, 1925); radio engineer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943; Lismore, 1949-1954; Hunters Hill, 1958-1968); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1972)

===''MINEHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Minehan|Minehan, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MINGAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Francis Mingay|Mingay, Oswald Francis &quot;Ossie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K45G-NZG] - 1895(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2XX Sydney (Turramurra, 1923-1926; Sydney, 1931-1933) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; journalist; publisher; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Collaroy, 1930); managing editor (Pymble, 1930-1932); radio engineer (Lindfield, 1933-1934); publisher (Lindfield, 1937-1963; St Ives, 1963-1968) - Comment: licensed operator of 2WV Burgin Electric Co. (1923) [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mingay-oswald-francis-ossie-11135 ADB]; [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Mingay.htm MacKinnon]

===''MITCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Theodore Mitchell|Mitchell, Alexander Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-CC2] - 1872(???)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Receive Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Red Hill, Qld, 1921; Torwood, Qld, 1922); electrical engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Wilston, Qld, 1928-1929; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1963)
* [[/Harold Benson Mitchell|Mitchell, Harold Benson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-QN7] - 1901(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3CZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Elwood, 1924-1927); manager (Caulfield, 1937); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1942); manager (Caulfield, 1949); merchant (St Kilda, 1949); manager (St Kilda, 1954)
* Mitchell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; - see Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; (frequent misspelling)
* [[/Stanley John Mitchell|Mitchell, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-Q83] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Monaco) - Licences: 3SJ Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 53, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toorak, 1912-1916; Brighton, 1919-1928); investor (Brighton, 1936-1937) financier (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''MOFFATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert David Gray Moffatt|Moffatt or Moffat or Gray, Robert David Gray &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8V-PM3] - 1911(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RD Mackay (1935-1939); 4RD Gracemere (1947-1948); 4RD Mackay (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1549, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Herberton, Qld, 1936; Mackay, Qld, 1937); mechanic in broadcasting (Gracemere, Qld, 1949); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''MONEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Money|Money, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JD-M9H] - 1907(Vic)-1986(Vic) - 3MY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1939; Upwey, 1946-1948; Cheltenham, 1954-1969; East Bentleigh, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 205, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draughtsman (Camberwell, 1931-1934), engineer (Upwey, 1942-1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1967; East Bentleigh, 1972-1980)

===''MONKHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Isaac Monkhouse|Monkhouse, Walter Isaac]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8ZT-YPN] - 1887(NZL)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio clubs (QWI &amp; WIA Qld, president &amp; lecturer); senior state public servant (Qld Public Works Dept, State Electrical Engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as president WIA Qld)  - Electoral Rolls: telephone instructor (South Brisbane, 1919); engineer (Teneriffe, 1925; New Farm, 1928; Taringa, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Bardon, 1958-1963)
===''MONKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Brendan Monks|Monks, Alfred Brendan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-444] - 1894(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AAB Melbourne (Diamond Creek, 1948; Northcote, 1954-1960; Preston, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 571, 1920; 2COCP 272, 1930; 1COCP 282, 1932 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1915) - Relationships: twin brother of 7BR Cyril Wilson Monks - Electoral Rolls: Western Electric engineer (East Sydney, 1930); licensee Railway Commercial Hotel (Albury, 1931-1932); radio telegraphist (Centennial Park, 1943); radio officer (Reservoir, Vic, 1963; Preston, 1967-1972)
* [[/Cyril Wilson Monks|Monks, Cyril Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-96N] - 1894(Tas)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 7BR Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 225, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1919); WW2 - Relationships: twin brother of 3AAB Alfred Brendan Monks - Electoral Rolls: federal civil servant (Battery Point, 1928); public servant (Bellerive, 1936-1937); radio inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1943; Nedlands, 1949); retired (Frankston, 1972)
===''MONTEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Monteath|Monteath, Frederick]] - 1895(Vic)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 3VM Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1923-1924); 3KP Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 694, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Prahran, 1919; Elsternwick, 1921); mercer (Elsternwick, 1924-1931); photographer (Glenmore, NSW, 1934-1935; Ashfield, 1937); storekeeper (Rockdale, 1943)

===''MOODY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Percy Moody|Moody, Francis Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1D9-KLG] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FM Cairns (1932-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 967, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Rockhampton North, 1925-1926); accountant (Cairns, 1926-1949); radio dealer (Cairns, 1954-1980)

===''MOORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Moore|Moore, Albert Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KW6D-TMT] - 1916(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; NAOCP Q728, 1980, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer; clubs (All-Wave All-World DX Club, Shortwave League of Western Australia, Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia) - QSLs: portion (200+) of later QSL collection survives (ARDXC/NFSA)
* [[/Eric John Theodore Moore|Moore, Eric John Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD91-7LN] - 1894(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEM Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914); Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923); 2EM Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 161, 1915; 2COCP 237, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Awards: UK merchant seaman medal - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bronte, 1934-1937)
* [[/Francis Leonard Moore|Moore, Francis Leonard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1924(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, employment (Archibald John Shaw, Maritime Wireless Co, United Distributors) - Comment: electrocuted while conducting wireless experiments
* [[/Louis James Murphy Moore|Moore, Louis James Murphy &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L45W-GS4] - 1888(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3LO Receive Seymour (1923); 3LO Seymour (1924-1925); 3MS Seymour (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 85, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Clifton Hill, 1909); telegraphist (Collingwood, 1912-1914); wireless operator (Collingwood, 1917-1919); telegraphist (Elsternwick, 1922); clerk (Seymour, 1924-1931; Bentleigh, 1936-1949); guesthouse proprietor (Healesville, 1954); clerk (Oakleigh, 1963-1968) - Withdrawal: Likely 3LO callsign withdrawn for allocation to 3LO Melbourne Class A

===''MOORHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Martin Moorhouse|Moorhouse or Moorehouse, Herbert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJPG-1HL] - 1899(Tas)-1990(WA) - Licences: 7HM Hobart (North Hobart, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart South, 1922); carpenter (New Town, 1928); carrier (Hobart North, 1936); motordriver (Queensborough, 1949)

===''MORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Donald Moran|Moran, Cyril Donald]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast technician at 4QG under Qld Government, state public servant (4QG)

===''MORGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Mowbray Morgan|Morgan, Donald Mowbray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP7-218] - 1907(NSW)-1988(Tas) - Licences: T749 Receive Glebe (1922); Receive Glebe (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Huonville, 1928-1972)
* [[/Ivor Morgan|Morgan, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRSY-S8G] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3DH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1933; Shepparton, 1937; East Malvern 1938-1939; Hawthorn, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 605, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 20, 1936; TVOCP, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1931-1934); engineer (Brighton, 1936); broadcast engineer (3SR Shepparton, 1937); technician (Hawthorn, 1943-1977) - Relationships: Father of 3ZFM V. I. Morgan
* [[/William Albert Morgan|Morgan, William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HVG-8PW] - 1899(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: 7AI Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart West, 1922); electrical fitter (New Town, 1928-1937); fitter (New Town, 1943-1954); manager (Montrose, 1963)

===''MORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. H. Morley|Morley, W. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2WU Sydney (Watersleigh, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John William Morris|Morris, Albert John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-Y2J] - 1873(Tas)-1940(Tas) - Licences: 7BS Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1943)
* [[/Cecil Ralph Newman Morris|Morris, Cecil Ralph Newman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MW-YGT] - 1906(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923); 4CN Brisbane (Rosalie, 1928); 4LW Brisbane (Rosalie, 1929-1933; Ashgrove, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 398, 1928, No. 45 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; technician (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Rosalie, 1928); postal mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1954); supervising technician (Rosalie, 1958-1968)
* [[/Glynn Ian Elliott Morris|Morris, Glynn Ian Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XG-9TS] - 1908(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BZ Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1930-1939; Parkdale, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 621, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1931-1937); mechanic (Mentone, 1943); official (Mentone, 1949-1968); secretary (Mentone, 1972-1980)
* [[/Jack Dudley Morris|Morris, Jack Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2R-NMZ] - 1914(Vic)-1944(At Sea) - Licences: 3LX Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1933, pirate); 3DQ Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1934-1937) - qualifications: AOCP 1244, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (mention in despatches) - electoral rolls: operator (Oakleigh, 1936-1942) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Richard Charles William Morris|Morris, Richard Charles William (BDM) or Charles Richard William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW7-56S] - 1922(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4MT Rockhampton (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3210, 1951, Qld; BOCP 1460, 1956 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, 1949); electrical fitter (Rockhampton, 1954-1963); radio technician/electrician (Rockhampton, 1968-1972); radio technician (Rockhampton, 1977-1980)
* [[/Ronald David Morris|Morris, Ronald David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX5W-S7Z] - 1904(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3AP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3AP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927); 3APM Melbourne (East Brighton, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 151, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 919, 1926; BOCP 600, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Caulfield, 1925-1931); radio (Brighton, 1936-1937); mechanic (Brighton, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949-1967; Brighton East, 1972-1977)
* [[/Sydney Paul Francis Morris|Morris, Sydney Paul Francis &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-MRP] - 1888(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prahran, Vic, 1909; Dandenong, 1912-1913); clerk &amp; telegraphist (Eltham, Vic, 1924); manager (East Bairnsdale, Vic, 1925-1928); clerk (Sandringham, Vic, 1931); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949)
* [[/William Belfort Morris|Morris, William Belfort]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X1-VYQ] - 1910(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6WM Perth (Hollywood, 1930-1937; Mt Lawley, 1938-1939); 6WM Kalgoorlie (1946-1954); 6WM Perth (Applecross, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 625, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hollywood, 1931-1937); newsagent (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954); representative (Applecross, 1958-1980)
===''MORRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Cyril Tucker Morrison|Morrison, Gordon Cyril Tucker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-J6Z] - 1916(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 6KN Geraldton (1935-1937); 6KN Perth (City, 1938-1939); 2AKN Sydney (Hernes Bay, 1947; Parramatta, 1948-1950; Balgowlah, 1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1485, 1935, WA; BOCP 89, 1937; 3COCP 1536, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Geraldton, WA, 1937); radio employee (North Perth, WA, 1943); aircraft surveyor (Parramatta North, NSW, 1949; Balgowlah, NSW, 1954-1963); surveyor (Wahroonga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''MORRISSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Joseph Martindale Morrissey|Morrissey, Brian Joseph Martindale]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5AP Adelaide (Prospect, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1544, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''MORROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Caldwell Morrow|Morrow, Arthur Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQF-T2F] - 1912(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 335, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Red Hill, Qld, 1934-1937); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1943); farmer (Paddington, Qld, 1949-1963)
===''MORSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel Percy Morse|Morse, Noel Percy &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWRN-3QR] - 1914(Qld)-1942(At Sea) - Licences: 2JE Sydney (Cremorne, 1934-1935); 4LI Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937); 2AHS Sydney (Mosman, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1402, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RNZAF, Pilot Officer) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Buranda, Qld, 1937; Clayfield, Qld, 1937) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.rafcommands.com/database/wardead/details.php?qnum=95585 RAF Commands]; [https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/record/C29996 Auckland Museum]; [http://aircrewremembered.com/morse-noel.html AirCrewRemembered]

===''MORTIMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mark Mortimer|Mortimer, Mark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7M-ZZ4] - 1887(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 107, 1915; 2COCP 48, 1929; 1COCP 89, 1930; BOCP 48, 1934?  - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917)  - Comment: numerous contemporaneous MMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Evors Morton|Morton, Charles Evors]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ5-F3R] - 1888(Qld)-1963(NSW) - 2MH Sydney (Homebush, 1925-1934), amateur operator (AOCP 170, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, public servant (Rockhampton, 1912), WW1

===''MOSES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Joseph Moses|Moses, Charles Alfred Joseph]] - 1900(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - ABC (general manager) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Charles Moses|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/moses-sir-charles-joseph-15044 ADB] 
===''MOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Moss|Moss, George Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-86Y] - 1903(WA)-2000(WA) - Licences: 6GM Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1926-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; Mt Pleasant, 1960-1965; Boya, 1969-1995+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 233, 1926, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 177, 1934; 1COCP 574, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: piano mechanic (Cottesloe Beach, 1925); wireless mechanic (North Perth, 1931-1958); lecturer (Mt Pleasant, 1963; Boya, 1968-1980) - [https://qsl.net/vk6zse/historic/p-vk6gm.html QSL.net]

===''MOULE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Ernest Moule|Moule, Clifford Ernest &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XQ-DFH] - 1912(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5CX Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1939; Plympton, 1946-1948; McLaren Vale, 1954; Lower Mitcham, 1955-1956; Westbourne Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 611, 1930, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1462, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Clarence Gardens, 1939-1941; Glandore West, 1943)

===''MOWLEM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Mowlem|Mowlem, Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9F-DHH] - 1878(???)-1950(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval employee (Toorak, 1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1925); engineer (Toorak, 1928); wireless (Malvern, 1931-1949)

===''MOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Murray Moyle|Moyle, John Murray &quot;Johnny&quot;]] - 1908(Vic)-1960(ACT) - 2JU Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1932+; Radio TV &amp; Hobbies, 1939-), education (Scotch College, 1923-1926), military (WW2, RAAF 1941-, Squadron Leader), broadcast (3DB, 1920s) (callsign 2JU previously Ross Amos Hull) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198909.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198910.pdf EA2]

===''MUIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sibbald Allison Muir|Muir, John Sibbald Allison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRB3-1J6] - 1904(SA)-1996(Vic) - 3QW Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3QW Melbourne (Brighton, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 91, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; likely operator of 3NS dealer licence for Norris &amp; Skelly, Elizabeth St, Melbourne 1924 - Electoral Rolls: dealer (Brighton, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Malvern, 1928); wireless (Brighton, 1931); engineer (Brighton, 1935; Ringwood, 1936-1954); nil (Somers, 1963; Langwarrin, 1968-1977; Garfield, 1980)
* [[/Robert White Muir|Muir, Robert White]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K644-M2J] - 1904(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6RW Wagin (1933-1939); 6RW Perth (Subiaco, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1184, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Albany, WA, 1925-1926); jeweller &amp; radio dealer (Wagin, WA, 1931); jeweller (Wagin, WA, 1936-1943); watchmaker (Subiaco, WA, 1949-1963)

===''MULLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Fred Mullett|Mullett, Leslie Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-BQD] - 1903(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5ZQ Adelaide (Highgate, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1065, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Highgate, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Barton, ACT, 1949)

===''MULLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Mulligan|Mulligan, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2QS-X7W] - 1886(NZ)-1982(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 135, 1915; 2COCP 211, 1930; 1COCP 329, 1933 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917); wireless operator (Emita, Flinders Island, 1919-1928); OIC Radio Station (Darwin, 1934); radiologist (Ascot, 1936); OIC radio (Townsville, Qld, 1943); retired (Warrimoo, NSW, 1954-1958; Umina, NSW, 1958)

===''MUNRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Willson Munro|Munro, Bruce Willson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7GX-CDJ] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4AL Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1927-1931; Bulimba, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 339, 1927, No. 35 in Qld; 2COCP 68, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; aeronautical experimenter; pilot; Qld Aero Club (Brisbane, honorary flying instructor, 1930s); Dept Civil Aviation (Brisbane, Assistant Plan Printer, 1956-1968) - Electoral Rolls: commercial pilot (Moorooka, 1943); flight checking officer (Townsville, 1943); pilot (West End, 1949-1963); commonwealth public servant (Wynnum, 1968-1972); retired (Wynnum, 1977-1980)

===''MURDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilmot Henry Murden|Murden, Wilmot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-7WC] - 1915(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7TY Launceston (1934-1937); 3TY Melbourne (West Preston, 1938-1939; Thornbury, 1947); 3TY Rapanyup (1948); 3TY Sale (1954-1955); 3TY Swan Hill (1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1243, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1176, 1950; 1COCP 1610, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Sale, 1954); radio engineer (3SH, Sale, 1963)
===''MURDOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Fraser Murdoch|Murdoch, James Fraser &quot;Fraser&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FQ Toowoomba (1946-1948), amateur operator (AOCP 2383, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, employment (Empire Theater under Cliff Gold 4CG)
===''MURPHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold James Murphy|Murphy, Harold James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD6Q-ZGP] - 1899(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Ilfracombe (1935-1937); 4HM Pomona (1938-1939); 4HM Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1532, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Auchenflower, Qld, 1925; Milton, Qld, 1928); postal official (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1930); postmaster (Ilfracombe, Qld, 1936-1937); insurance agent (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943); postal official (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); public servant (Stafford, Qld, 1958)

===''MURRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Alexander Murray|Murray, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-SZ7] - 1908(???)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2FM Sydney (Rose Bay, 1927; Mosman, 1928-1935; Cremorne, 1936-1939; Mosman, 1946-1947; Lindfield, 1948-1949; Carramar, 1950-1975); 2FM Blayney (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 336, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Mosman, 1930); engineer (Mosman, 1933); fitter (Mosman, 1934); draftsman (Mosman, 1935); engineer (Neutral Bay, 1943); draftsman (Mosman, 1949); draughtsman (Carramar, 1958-1977); retired (Blayney, 1980)
* [[/John William Murray|Murray, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-32L] - 1905(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3JY Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1930; Fitzroy, 1931-1939); 3AJY Melbourne (Kew, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 396, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Elsternwick, 1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1934; Melbourne East, 1936); technician (St Kilda West, 1943-1949); projectionist (Kew, 1954-1980) - several contemporaneous John William Murray's in Melbourne, identification not certain
* [[/Kynaston Noel Lathrop Murray|Murray, Kynaston Noel Lathrop]] - 1838(Eng)-1916(Tas) - clubs and societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, 1880s; Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, 1860s-1870s; Vic Railways Dept, 1880s-1890s)
* [[/Malcolm Imlay Murray|Murray, Malcolm Imlay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-684] - 1908(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6MY Perth (City, 1930; South Perth, 1933-1939; Floreat Park, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 677, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Perth, 1931); radiotrician (South Perth, 1936; Floreat Park, 1943-1980)

===''MUSGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mandeville D'Oyly Musgrove|Musgrave, Mandeville D'Oyly]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast station proprietor (6ML &amp; others)

===''MUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus Keith Mutton|Mutton, Angus Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5F-BQM] - 1910(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5ZY Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1933; Tusmore, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1089, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Tusmore Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Arthur Henry Mutton|Mutton, Arthur Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC1Y-PP5] - 1908(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2QT Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923-1925); 2QT Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 237, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Annandale, 1930-1937); communication engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1968); public servant (Bayview, 1972-1980)

=='''N'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''NAIRN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Linley Beeton Nairn|Nairn, Arthur Linley Beeton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58V-M8X] - 1895(SA)-1978(NZ) - Licences: 2BI Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 373, 1918 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Hamilton, NZ, 1938); director (Days Bay, Wellington, NZ, 1946-1954)
===''NANCARROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Stanley Nancarrow|Nancarrow, Ralph Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST3-XQ3] - 1904(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5PK Georgetown (1930-1933); 2PY Sydney (Mosman, 1935; Randwick, 1936-1939); 2ACN Sydney (Lane Cove, 1954-1961; North Ryde, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 719, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Randwick, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical fitter (Lane Cove, NSW, 1943-1963); fitter (North Ryde, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''NANGLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Nangle|Nangle, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-F31] - 1869(NSW)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 2MU Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2MU Sydney (Marrickville, 1923-1927; Observatory, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; 1920s Superintendent Technical Education NSW; hon. Government Astronomer NSW; Sydney University (Senate); Royal Society of NSW (president); Fellow Royal Astronomical Society; Fellow Federal Institute of Architects; author (astronomy, architecture) - Electoral Rolls: architect (Petersham, 1903); Government Astronomer (Observatory, 1930-1937) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nangle-james-7722 ADB]

===''NASH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Charles Nash|Nash, William Robert Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDWX-LWF] - 1918(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2WW Sydney (Crows Nest, 1934-1937); 4WN Cairns (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1329, 1934, Qld; 1COCP 138, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Castlecrag, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''NEALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Drayton Neale|Neale, Eric Drayton Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88H-NWT] - 1907(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4EN Longreach (1934-1939); 4EN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1298, 1934, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist), radio club (WIAQ, QSL officer) - Relationships: father of 4?? Eric Drayton Neale Jnr - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1928; Longreach, 1936; Grange, 1937; Wooloowin, 1943-1963)

===''NEAVERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Laurence Neaverson|Neaverson, Leslie Laurence or Lawrence Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYTM-HCD] - 1899(Eng)-1993(NSW) - Licences: G5NX (Lakeside, Cumbria, 1922+); 4NV Brisbane (Holland Park, 1947-1956+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; associate member IRE (Britain); principal Anglo Austral Hearing Aid Dispensary - Electoral Rolls: surgical technician (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''NELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alfred Montague Nell|Nell, George Alfred Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87B-PP6] - 1900(Ceylon)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2JQ Quirindi (1928-1929); 2JQ Canberra (1930); 2JQ Moruya (1931-1936); 2JQ Binda (1937-1939); 2JQ Crookwell (1946-1950); 2JQ Junee (1954-1965); 2JQ Goulburn (1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 413, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Moruya, 1930-1934; Crookwell, 1936-1949; Junee, 1954-1968; Goulburn, 1972-1980)
===''NELSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Yeates Nelson|Nelson, John Yeates]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G884-YDV] - 1851(Irl)-1932(NSW) - Licences: XAA Sydney (McMahon's Point, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer (NSW)) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milson's Point, 1930-1931)
===''NESTROM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Louis Nestrom|Nestrom, Oliver Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-9H4] - 1912(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5RZ Adelaide (St Peters, 1936-1937; Joslin, 1938); 2ADJ Sydney (Homebush, 1939); 5RZ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1947; Glenelg, 1948; St Georges, 1954); 5RZ Port Augusta, 1955-1956); 5RZ Adelaide (Kurralta Park, 1960; Manningham, 1965-1969; St Peters, 1975); 5RZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP, 224, 1935; AOCP 1725, 1936, SA; BOCP 719, 1946; 2COCP 1178, 1949; 1COCP 1491, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Modbury, SA, 1939); fitter (Strathfield, NSW, 1943)

===''NEVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Clifford Anderson Neville|Neville, Alfred Clifford Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH3-Z4D] - 1907(Eng)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ED Receive Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 5827, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hamilton, Qld, 1928); clerk (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1943); accountant (Hawthorne, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (East Brisbane, 1963-1980)

===''NEWBERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Mallord Newberry|Newberry, Archibald Mallord]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH51-SDW] - 1893(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AN Red Cliffs (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 606, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Red Cliffs, 1924-1931); radio dealer (Red Cliffs, 1934-1942); cycle dealer (Red Cliffs, 1949-1972) 
===''NEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert James Newell|Newell, Albert James &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1C-RGW] - 1910(Sct)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Mill Hill via Warwick (1936-1939); 4BN Brisbane (Archerfield, 1947-1948; Moorooka, 1954); 4AJ Brisbane (Moorooka, 1965; Yeronga, 1969; Ormiston, 1975); 4AJN Brisbane (Ormiston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1727, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 559, 1942; 1COCP 588, 1942; TVOCP 531, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; AWA Aviation Radio Service - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Mill Hill, Qld, 1931-1943); radio technician (Moorooka, Qld, 1949-1968); television technician (Yeronga West, Qld, 1972); retired (Ormiston, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''NEWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Frederick Newman|Newman, Arthur Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJ9-YSK] - 1881(India)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 10, 1914; CPRT 90, 1915; 1COCP 49, 1930 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant, 1917-1920, terminated Nov 1920); WW1; WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AFNs - Electoral Rolls: traffic officer (Elsternwick, 1917-1919); assistant! (Malvern East, 1924-1931); piano tuner (St Kilda, 1931)
* [[/Sydney Moreton Newman|Newman, Sydney Moreton &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL41-PBM] - 1898(NSW)-1998(NSW)99yo - Licences: XPZ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1913-1914); 3MC Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 655, 1921; 1COCP 90, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Turramurra, 1930-1958); retired (Wahroonga, 1963-1980) - TroveTag: &quot;XPZ-3MC - Sydney Moreton Newman&quot; (68 tags) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199101.pdf EA]
* [[/William Harold Newman|Newman, William Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-4N5] - 1889(NSW)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 2MK? Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922); 2MJ Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway official (Artarmon, 1930-1934); secretary (Mosman, 1936-1943)

===''NICHOLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rupert Nicholas|Nicholas, William Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD14-RFV] - 1913(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7WR Hobart (North Hobart, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 896, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 72, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart North, 1936; New Town, 1943-1954)
===''NICOLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Nicoll|Nicoll, William]] - 1903(Canada)-19??(???) - Licences: 4CO Receive Brisbane (Upper Paddington, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 644, 1921 - amateur Receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Bardon, 1925-1929) 
===''NICHOLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Edgar Nicholls|Nicholls, Francis Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1H-8KQ] - 1910(Vic)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7RY Devonport (1932-1933); 7RY Burnie (1937-1939); 7RY Hobart (New Town, 1946-1948; Lenah Valley, 1954-1955; New Town, 1960; Lenah Valley, 1965-1969; Midway Point, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 991, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Lenah Valley, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Nicholls|Nicholls, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S3-26D] - 19??(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 780, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1963)
* [[/William John Matthew Nicholls|Nicholls, William John Matthew or William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WW-PDS] - 1908(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1928-1933); 7WX Launceston (1937-1939); 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1946-1965; East Malvern, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 419, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 343, 1931; 1COCP 309, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Williamstown, 1931-1936); RAAF (Williamstown, 1949); radio engineer (Williamstown, 1954-1963; Malvern East, 1968-1980)
===''NICHOLSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Malcolm Nicholson|Nicholson, Russell Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-7W4] - 1909(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 4KG Ilfracombe (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 529, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 48, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing contractor (Longreach, 1936); manager 4LG (Longreach, 1937); radio mechanic (Coolangatta, 1949-1972)

===''NICOLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Hort Wilmot Nicolle|Nicolle, Horace Hort Wilmot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZS-MZF] - 1908(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2HK Sydney (Strathfield, 1929-1933; Ryde, 1934); 2AJT Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 527, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist apprentice (Strathfield, 1930); pharmacist (Strathfield, 1933-1935); chemist (Chatswood, 1943-1968)

===''NILSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver John Nilsen|Nilsen, Oliver John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W4-W1G] - 1884(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3UZ Melbourne (1924-25) - Qualifications: Nil identified to date - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - 3UZ experimental callsign issued to Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co in 1923, operator N. J. Boyd; callsign withdrawn 1925 and reallocated to Nilsen's broadcast station which remains current as at 2021 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Fitzroy, 1909-1924; Chelsea, 1928-1931); contractor (Caulfield, 1934-1954); engineer (Elsternwick, 1972; Hawthorn, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nilsen-oliver-john-11244 ADB]

===''NISSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Laurence Nissen|Nissen, Eric Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-ZLR] - 1905(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4XN Dalby (1930-1939, 1946-1975+); 4XN Toowoomba (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 574, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, member); broadcast technician (4QS, 1939-1976); federal public servant (PMGD); Awards: Imperial Service Medal 1976 - Electoral Rolls: none specified (Dalby, 1928-1937); PMG technician (Dalby, 1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1977)

===''NIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edgar Nixon|Nixon, Arthur Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M2-SM5] - 1905(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ON Receive Melbourne (Windsor, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 361, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur receive operator - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Elsternwick, 1931); salesman (St Kilda West, 1931-1936); electrical fitter (Albert Park, 1943-1954)

===''NOLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Michael Nolan|Nolan, Francis Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Q3R-X84] - 1910(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1935-1937; Clayfield, 1938-1939; Stafford Heights, 1946-1948); 4MF Portable (1948); 9FN Port Moresby &amp; 9MF Portable (1954-1956); 4FN/T Gracemere (1960-1969); 4FN/T Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1975; Virginia, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1433, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, WIAQ); broadcast technician (9PA, 4RK); radio serviceman; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Francis William Nolan|Nolan, Francis William &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-XPW] - 1897(NSW)-19?? - Licences: 4JU Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1929-1939, 1947-1956; Paddington, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43? &amp; 501, 1924 &amp; 1929, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio serviceman - Relationships: husband of 4LO Violet Elizabeth Nolan nee Hennessey - Comment: several genealogy sites have wrong data for FWN - Electoral Rolls: cartoonist (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1925);  radio mechanic (Brisbane, City, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1958)
* [[/John Spencer Nolan|Nolan, John Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-KMV] - 1868(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: XED Sydney (Double Bay, 1911-1914); 2JH Receive Sydney (Double Bay, 1922); 2JH Sydney (Double Bay, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster; dentist and dental surgeon - Relationships: father of 2YI Philip Spencer Nolan - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Woollahra, 1930-1935)
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-DSX] - 1896(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: fourth YL operator in Qld - Relationships: wife of 4JU Francis William Nolan - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1943); not stated (Eagle Heights, Qld, 1949); home duties (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1954); domestic (Spring Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Coolangatta, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Philip Spencer Nolan|Nolan, Philip Spencer &quot;Spencer&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-ZWX] - 1897(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: 2YI Sydney (Double Bay, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 58, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; dentist - Relationships: son of XED-2JH Lieut John Spencer Nolan - Comment: gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''NOLTE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Nolte|Nolte, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HG-DD4] - 1911(Vic)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 3NO Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939); 2QO Sydney (Potts Point, 1948-1950; Bexley North, 1954-1975); 2QO Wamberal (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 492, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949; Bexley North, 1958-1963); retired (Wamberal, 1980)
===''NORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Norman|Norman, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Q-ZRS] - 1899(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WJ Eddystone Point Lighthouse (1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stoker (Longford, 1922); lightkeeper (Tasman Island, 1928; Eddystone Lighthouse, 1934; Maatauyker Island, 1936; Currie Harbour, King Island, 1937)
===''NORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Anthony David Norris|Norris, Anthony David &quot;Tony&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Edgar Lewin Norris|Norris, Edgar Lewin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9YH-3D4] - 1891(Qld)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Receive Toowoomba (1922); 4CK Toowoomba (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 80, 1925, No. 8 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Toowoomba RC); WW1 - Relationships: father of 4NO Edgar Thomas Norris - TroveTag: &quot;4CK - Edgar Lewin Norris&quot; - Electoral Rolls: optician (Rockhampton, 1913); optometrist (Wooloowin, 1919; Toowoomba, 1925-1954)
* [[/Edgar Thomas Norris|Norris, Edgar Thomas &quot;Tom&quot; &quot;Tommy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G855-G68] - 1930(Qld)-2019(Qld) - Licences: 4NO Toowoomba (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6945, 1967; AOLCP Q2, 1968; AOCP Q13, 1968, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4CK Edgar Lewin Norris - Electoral Rolls: charge hand (Toowoomba, 1954-1980)
===''NORTHEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurence Harry Northeast|Northeast, Laurence Harry &quot;Laurie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLM3-8NK] - 1908(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5LH Adelaide (Rosewater, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 315, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosewater, 1939-43)

=='''O'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
==='''OAKES'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Andrew Oakes|Oakes, Walter Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-RBQ] - 1907(Tas)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 7BQ Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923); Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP N1088, 1971 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Manly, 1930); electrical fitter (Launceston, 1937); railway employee (New Town, 1943-1949); electrician (Lindfield, 1954); business proprietor (Roseville, 1958); managing director (Roseville, 1963-1968); director (Roseville, 1972-1980)

==='''O'BRIEN'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Clare O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Clare]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTS-7SJ] - 1904(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4NC Brisbane (Stafford, 1939, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2386, 1939, Qld - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kilcoy, 1928); telephone mechanic (Eagle Junction, 1936-1943); technician (Stafford, 1954-1980) 
* [[/Charles Raymond Heddington O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Raymond Heddington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-4CX] - 1913(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3QX Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 626, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Glenhuntly, 1934-1936); electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1942); engineer (Kew, 1954; Mount Waverley, 1963-1972)
* [[/Matthew O'Brien|O'Brien, Matthew or Matthew Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-P35] - 1904(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4MM Brisbane (Toowong, 1926-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 234, 1926, No. 20 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, ARTL, WIAQ, president all); journalist (Teleradio, &quot;Vic Eddy&quot;); Dept Labour Exchange (administration) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Toowong, 1925-1936; Annerley, 1943-1977)

==='''O'DEA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick O'Dea|O'Dea, Francis Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTP-7KL] - 1894(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 (Army, AWS) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Melbourne, 1912-1913; Ascot Vale, Vic, 1914-1937); railways (Brighton, Vic, 1942-1949); railway employee (Footscray North, Vic, 1963-1977) - Links: [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911842/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-francis-patrick-odea/ AWS]

==='''ODGERS'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Fieldhouse Odgers|Odgers, Norman Fieldhouse]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-CYK] - 1906(Qld)-1996(WA) - Licences: 4BO or 4BD Brisbane (Newmarket) &amp; Charters Towers (1924-1925); 4NK; 9NK Port Moresby (1946-1948); 6NF Perth (Applecross, 1954-1969; Bassendean, 1975-1980); 4CH - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 896, 1925; 2COCP 212, 1930; 1COCP 108, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; broadcast engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: senior technician (Applecross, 1954-1963); manager (Applecross, 1968); retired (Bassandean, 1972-1980)

==='''O'DONNELL'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Amos Leslie O'Donnell|O'Donnell, Amos Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NW-Q1P] - 1910(SA)-19??(NSW) - Licences: 6DX Perth (City, 1930-1933); 2AGE Sydney (Ashfield, 1938-1939); 2AOO Sydney (Caringbah, 1960; Mona Vale, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 639, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 515, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (North Perth, 1931); radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1937); education officer (No. 2 W.A.G.S., Parkes, 1943); engineer (Ashfield, 1949; Caringbah, 1958)

==='''O'HARA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bernard O'Hara|O'Hara, John Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XM-Y9M] - 1902(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3OH Maryborough (1930-1939); 3OH Yallourn (1946-1948); 3AAO Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 607, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Albert Park, 1921-1924) instructor (Maryborough, 1928); teacher (Kew, 1934; Maryborough, 1937; Ballarat, 1937; Maryborough, 1943, Warrnambool, 1954; Maldon, 1963) 
==='''OHRBOM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Axel Ragnar Ohrbom|Ohrbom, Axel Ragnar &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-PWJ] - 1903(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924); 3OC Melbourne (West Brunswick, 1928; Coburg, 1931-1939; Moreland, 1946-1948; Hartwell, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 421, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Coburg West, 1949); sharebroker (Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Burwood, 1977)

===''OLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Olof Lemuel Olden|Olden, Olof Lemuel]] - 1863(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Hobart 1920s, early wireless experimenter, no licence yet identified, amateur operator (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, President, 1924), military (Colonel, WW1), occupation (school master)
===''OLDFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Bernam Oldfield|Oldfield, Frederick Bernam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YP-9R2] - 1897(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (1924); 3FB Melbourne (Hampton, 1937-1938); 2FE Sydney (Balmoral, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1240, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Brighton, Vic, 1931; Sandringham, Vic, 1935-1937); journalist (Mosman, NSW, 1943); A.M.F. (Mornington, 1954); tutor (Neutral Bay, 1958)
===''OLDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Oldham|Oldham, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZFK-XBT] - 1902(Tas)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 7XA Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1923, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1936-1949) 
* [[/Fred Oldham|Oldham, Fred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, first president of Hobart Tramways Wireless Club 1905

===''O'LEARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cornelius Daniel Fraser O'Leary|O'Leary, Cornelius Daniel Fraser or Daniel Fraser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN18-4BH] - 1893(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (Tusmore Gardens, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 495, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Unley, 1939-1941)

===''OLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dalley George Tryon Oliver|Oliver, Dalley George Tryon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-MMR] - 1888(NSW)-1959(NSW) - wireless experimenter (1924+) 2?? Gunedah, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1943; Keepit Dam, Tamworth, 1949-1954); retired (Condoblin, 1958) - Relationships: brother of 2MO Marcius John Alexander Oliver
* [[/Marcius John Alexander Oliver|Oliver, Marcius John Alexander &quot;Marcus&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-M82] - 1875(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2MO Gunedah (1929) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 91, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer, radio station proprietor (2MO, 1930-1939), military (air spotters, Port Macquarie) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1936; Port Macquarie, 1943) - Relationships: brother of Dalley George Tryon Oliver

===''OLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Durrant Olle|Olle, John Durrant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4HS-WSX] - 1910(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 2OZ Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1939, 1946; Pennant Hills, 1947-1948; Ashfield, 1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 553, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 321, 1931; 1COCP 197, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Summer Hill, 1936-1937; Ashfield, NSW, 1943); soldier (South Yarra, Vic, 1949); public servant (Mornington, 1963-1980)

===''O'LOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick Morgan O'Loughlin|O'Loughlin, Francis Patrick Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-Z3Q] - 1902(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4OL Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1347, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''OLSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Vivian Olsen|Olsen, Frederick Vivian &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CP-4XJ] - 1912(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3FO Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1929-1931; Hampton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 521, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hampton, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1963; Hampton, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Norman Frederick Olsen|Olsen, Norman Frederick or Frederick Norman (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-8JS] - 1901(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 516, 1920, NSW; 2COCP 59, 1929, NSW; 1COCP 252, 1932 - Nil yet identified - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hurlstone Park, 1934-1937); newsagent (Torwood, 1954-1958); no occupation (Lord Howe Island, 1963-1980)
* [[/Norman Peter Olsen|Olsen, Norman Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-444] - 1897(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2YK Newcastle (1924-1925); 2ZX Waratah (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Waratah, 1930; Mayfield, 1932); public servant (Redfern, 1932-1933; Kogarah, 1934-1935; Wollongong, 1936-1937; Artarmon, 1943-1949; Kogarah, 1949-1963); nil (Merewether, 1968-1980)
* [[/Olaf Olsen|Olsen, Olaf]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QT-69T] - 1878(Norway)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Dalby 1922 (Receive) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Dalby, 1913-1943); engineer (Toowoomba, 1949; Redcliffe, 1954; Paddington, 1958-1963)

==='''O'MAY'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. W. O'May|O'May, J. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Derwent O'May|O'May, Robert Derwent &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNF-5NS] - 1903(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); 7OM Hobart (Bellerive, 1924-1927+; Sandy Bay, 1931+; Bellerive, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 74, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 508, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bellerive, 1928-1954)

==='''OPPENHEIM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver George Oppenheim|Oppenheim or Oliver, Oliver George &quot;Ollie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSS-S7L] - 1911(Vic)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 3ZX Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 580, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1936-1942; Elsternwick, 1949); radio engineer (Elsternwick, 1954); company executive (Coogee, 1958-1963; Lugarno, 1968); importer (Strathfield, 1972-1980)

===''O'REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Joseph O'Reilly|O'Reilly, Maurice Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-VMC] - 1866(Irl)-1933(NSW) - Licences: XACI Bathurst (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St Stanilaus College, Bathurst, 1913); rector of college (St John's College, Camperdown, 1930-1933) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/oreilly-maurice-joseph-7918 ADB] 
===''O'ROURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sydney O'Rourke|O'Rourke, John Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJP-ZW4] - 1918(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 4OR Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1937-1939); 4SO Brisbane (Margate Beach, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2042, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical apprentice (Norman Park, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Newmarket, Qld, 1949); engineer (Margate, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''ORR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Murray Donald Orr|Orr, Murray Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-H29] - 1900(Vic)-1941(Vic) - Licences: 3OR Lake Meran (1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 440, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1940-1941) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Lake Meran, 1924-1934) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/orr-murray-donald-1700/]

===''OSBORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jeffrey David Osborne|Osborne, Jeffrey David &quot;Jeff&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Louis Frederick George Osborne|Osborne, Louis Frederick George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GF-MGZ] - 1900(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3DD Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DD Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1926); 3BMO Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gas fitter (Malvern East, 1922-1926); inspector (Carnegie, 1931-1977)
===''OSBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bolivar Laing Osburne|Osburne, George Bolivar Laing &quot;Laing&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MFY2-F9W] - 1896(Vic)-1933(Vic) - Licences: XKJ Terang (1913-1914); 3BG Terang (1922-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 235, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Terang, 1922-1931)

===''OTHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Othen|Othen, Charles James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRHF-H8Y] - 1897(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: XVT Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5AS Receive Adelaide (1923); 5ON Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1954-1956; Eden Hills, 1960-1969; Blackwood, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3385, 1953, SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''O'TOOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian O'Toole|O'Toole, Ian]] - Licences: 2ZIO Sydney (Adamstown Heights, 1969; North Rocks, 1975; Castle Hill, 1980) - amateur operator; historian (amateur, military communications); proprietor Kurrajong Radio Museum - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://vk2bv.org/archive/museum/ Kurrajong Radio Museum]

===''OTTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Shannon Otty|Otty, William Shannon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7J1] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZL Killingworth (1923-1931); 2ZL Toronto (1933-1975); 2ZL Fennell's Bay (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 219, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Toronto, 1937-1954); retired (Toronto, 1958-1980)

===''OVERLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Overlack|Overlack, Peter]] - early wireless historian [https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval_Networks_Dominance_of_Comms_in_Maritime_Ops.pdf &quot;The Struggle for the Australian Airwaves: The Strategic Function of Radio for Germany in the Asia-Pacific Region before World War I&quot;]

===''OWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Chester Owen|Owen, Chester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ3G-H47] - 1899(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923); 3ZM Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balaclava, 1921; St Kilda, 1922-1926); engineer (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); mechanic (Caulfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Echuca, 1943-1972)
* [[/Stanley Wainwright Owen|Owen, Stanley Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDV9-BP2] - 1912(Vic)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 6RX Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 2RX Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1948-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 716, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 436, 1933; 1COCP 340, 1933; TVOCP 40, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1937-1958); television engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1963-1968); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1972-1977; Artarmon, 1980)

===''OXENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Justinian Oxenham|Oxenham, Justinian]] - 1860(Qld)-1932(Vic) - senior federal public servant (Secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
===''OXLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Oxlade|Oxlade, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-H1C] - 1907(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4GO Brisbane (Newmarket, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 229, 1926, No. 19 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: painter (Chermside, 1937-1943; Maroochydore, 1954; Wavell Heights, 1958), contractor (Chermside, 1963-1980)

=='''P'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''PAECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leonard Paech|Paech, Robert Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6DL-76D] - 1920(SA)-1963(SA) - Licences: 5RL Adelaide (Underdale, 1936-1939, 1947-1948); 5LP Adelaide (Seacombe Gardens, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1626, 1936, SA; 2COCP 279, 1939; BOCP 371, 1941; 1COCP 810, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Nevison Page|Page, Leslie Nevison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSBX-CRV] - 1920(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (New Farm, 1937-1939; Brisbane City, 1947); 2NB Sydney (Potts Point, 1954); 2LP Sydney (St Ives, 1955-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1931, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 2NB may have been withdrawn for 2NB Broken Hill - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ascot, Qld, 1928-1929) (too young for 1920 birth, must be a namesake); radio technician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1954); radio engineer (St Ives, NSW, 1958); manager (St Ives, NSW, 1963); electronics engineer (Epping, NSW, 1968; Eastwood, NSW, 1972)

===''PAGET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Ernest Paget|Paget, Harold Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTK-ZBF] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephonist (Valley, Qld, 1925-1926); postal sorter (Ashgrove, Qld, 1928-1949); mail officer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PAICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Cameron Paice|Paice, Donald Cameron &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KD-2FT] - 1932(Vic)-2018(Vic) - Licences: 3ADP Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3055, 1950, Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1954; Mt Waverley, 1963-1980) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 2AJ Valentine Keith Paice
* [[/Valentine Keith Paice|Paice, Valentine Keith &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K3-5T6] - 1904(NZ)-1977(???) - Licences: ZL1AJ (Z1AJ) 1925-1926; VQ1AJ (OO1AJ) Fanning Island (1926-1928); 2AJ (VK2AJ) Sydney 1929; OA4V Peru (1929) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Ashbury, NSW, 1930) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 3ADP Donald Cameron Paice

===''PARADISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Harry Elliker Paradise|Paradise, Eric Harry Elliker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3M-D75] - 1904(Qld)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Stones Corner, Qld, 1925-1937)
===''PARASIERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Isidore Percy Robert Parasiers|Parasiers, Isidore Percy Robert &quot;Robert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9Y-8B1] - 1902(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (City, 1932-1933; Glandore, 1937-1939); 6PS Perth (Inglewood, 1947); 5RF Adelaide (Glandore, 1948); 5RF Murray Bridge (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 952, 1932, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 283, 1936; BOCP 132, 1937; 2COCP 256, 1939; 1COCP 330, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Norman Paris|Paris, James Norman &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWR-B1W] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: &quot;WIA-L5006&quot; Adelaide (Prospect, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur listener; prominent broadcast listener (1950s, 1960s); clubs (Australian DX Radio Club (SA); Southern Cross DX Club) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Radcliffe Parish|Parish, Hugh Radcliffe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCDL-Y23] - 1914(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7CP Launceston (1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1070, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 189, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Burnie, 1936-1937); manager (Winnaleah, 1943-1949); radio executive (Launceston, 1954)
===''PARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles William Park|Park, John Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-N4N] - 1904(Eng)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6BB Perth (South Perth, 1924-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 794, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (South Perth, 1943-1949); radiographer (South Perth, 1958-1980)
===''PARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Cyril Parker|Parker, Keith Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KDSK-X2P] - 1912(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5PA Port Pirie (1933); 5SO Port Elliot (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 348, 1931; 1COCP 213, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio technician (Fiskville, Vic, 1949-1963; Bassendean, WA, 1968); manager (Cairns, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Kenneth Herbert Parker|Parker, Kenneth Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTM1-Q5G] - 1905(WA)-1994(WA) - Licences: 6KP Meekatharra (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1192, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mining register (Meekatharra, WA, 1931-1937); resident magistrate (Cue, WA, 1943; Geraldton, WA, 1943); stipendary magistrate (Northam, WA, 1949); magistrate (Mt Pleasant, WA, 1954; Riverton, WA, 1958-1963; Applecross, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/P. S. Parker|Parker, P. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2CM Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1923, briefly then reverted to 2CY); 2CY Sydney (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet confidently identified but likely Philip Selwyn Parker, engineer, Bellevue Hill, 1930
* [[/Ronald Alexander Parker|Parker, Ronald Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-6BM] - 1908(Vic)-1984(Qld) - 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1926), 3RA Bendigo (1927), 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), 4PT Southport (1980+), qualifications (AOCP 213, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1931), accountant (Hawthorn, 1936-1937), secretary (Malvern, 1943-1949), retired (Southport, 1980)

===''PARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Parr|Parr, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-22T] - 1908(NSW)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3OM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 646, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1943); engineer (Footscray, 1949; Brunswick, 1949-1963; Melbourne City, 1968-1980)
===''PARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alchorne Parry|Parry, Charles Alchorne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8J-BGL] - 1916(Qld)-2009(USA) - Licences: 4CP Gordonvale (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1441, 1935, Qld; BOCP 177, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Education: PhD - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Cairns, Qld, 1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1943)

===''PARSONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warwick William Parsons|Parsons, Warwick William or William Warwick (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2L4-5ZC]- 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PS Adelaide (City, 1933; Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Rose Park, 1954-1974) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1147, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''PATERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Pryde Paterson|Paterson, Paul Pryde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-LPF] - 1915(WA)-1942(PNG) - Licences: 6PP Wiluna (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1961, 1937, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 24 Squadron, Flight Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/paterson-paul-pryde-260515/]
* [[/Raymund Gordon Paterson|Paterson, Raymund or Raymond Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CH-7RX] - 1903(Vic)-1996(Canada) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 506, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Glenferrie, 1926-1928)

===''PATTERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Campbell Patterson|Patterson, Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9Y1-GDH] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5XR Naracoorte (1933-1939); 5XR Peterborough (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1097, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, 1939); electrician (Quorn, 1941-1943)
* [[/James Brown Patterson|Patterson, James Brown]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTW-WDY] - 1833(Eng)-1895(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Politician, briefly Premier of Victoria (1893-1894), Postmaster-General Vic (July 1878 - March 1880) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Charles William Ingram Patterson|Patterson, Robert Charles William Ingram &quot;Charles Ingram&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5T-2Q4] - 1910(Vic)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 3YP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1927-1939; Eaglemont, 1946-1954); 4YP Brisbane (Fig Tree Pocket, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 352, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Mundabullangana, 1931-1937); agent (Fig Tree Pocket, 1958-1968)

===''PAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Anthony Paul|Paul, Leo Anthony]] - 1905(Vic)-1968(Vic) - 3JQ Receive Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1922-1923), 3LP Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1924-1937; Preston, 1938-1939), 3XO Melbourne (Fairfield, 1948-1960; Thornbury, 1965), amateur operator (AOCP 15, 1924, No. 6 in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''PAYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George H. Payne|Payne, George H.]] - 19??(???)-1987(Qld) - 4NEV Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1946+, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, hon. secretary; WIAQ, president, assoc. members section)
* [[/John Payne|Payne, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSL-41Q] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2IN Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1927; Kensington, 1928-1930)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: insurance department manager (Kensington, 1930-1931); secretary (Kensington, 1933)
* [[/Reginald Lewis Payne|Payne, Reginald Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG9-HFF] - 1898(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: 3RP Geelong (Newtown, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 225, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1919-1921); telegraphist (Newtown, 1922-1942) (check XJM R. Payne, Armadale for relationship)
===''PAYTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Payter|Payter, Joseph William]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - early telephone experimenter in Melbourne, mechanic in Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs (one of James Smibert's &quot;Williamstown boys&quot;)

===''PEARCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Ronald Pearce|Pearce, Edward Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR3M-7YJ] - 1916(Vic)-2004(WA) - Licences: 6TP Perth (North Perth, 1936-1939, 1948; Mt Hawthorn, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1757, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (North Perth, WA, 1937); engineer (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Coolbinia, WA, 1980)

===''PEARN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Pearn|Pearn, William Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCKW-JRW] - 1896(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PN Adelaide (Sturt Park, 1934-1939; Wayville West, 1947-1948; Unley, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1378, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Unley, SA, 1939-1941)

===''PEARSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Richman Pearson|Pearson, Ian Richman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-4LF] - 1908(Vic)-1972(Tas) - Licences: 3SP Melbourne (Berwick, 1929-1931); 7KB Burnie (1948-1965); 7KB Port Sorell (1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 528, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Deer Park, Vic, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Burnie, Tas, 1949-1954)

===''PELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Frederick Law Pelling|Pelling, John Charles Frederick Law &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-176] - 1908(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6WO Moojebing (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1213, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Dumbleyung, WA, 1931); farmer (Moojebing, WA, 1936-1943; King River, WA, 1949-1968)

===''PEMBLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Pembleton|Pembleton, Thomas Edward &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HP-JDF] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4ZL Rockhampton (1936-1939;1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1600, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943); turner (Rockhampton North, 1949-1980)

===''PEPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Campbell Pepper|Pepper, Ralph Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC93-1MN] - 1905(NSW)-1984(Qld) - Licences: N742 Receive Tamworth (1922); 2HV Receive Tamworth (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tamworth, 1930; Maroubra, 1931; Artarmon, 1934-1949; Newmarket, Qld, 1954-1972; Alderley, 1977-1980)

===''PERDRIAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carter Perdriau|Perdriau, Henry Carter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D9-L79] - 1895(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: XHC Sydney (1912-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: cousin of 2ZR William James Stanley Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: manager (Chatswood, 1930-1936; Roseville, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Stanley Perdriau|Perdriau, William James Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTH6-8LS] - 1885(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923); 2ZR Sydney (Manly, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: cousin of XHC Henry Carter Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Manly, 1930-1943)
===''PERREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Litchfield Perrey|Perrey, Alexander Litchfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZVM-9P9] - 1898(SA)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 5LP Strathalbyn (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 99, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Francis Cole Perry|Perry, Malcolm Francis Cole]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L679-XR2] - 1891(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: XCP Sydney (Randwick, 1913-1914); 2DG Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1930-1937); editor (Randwick, 1943-1949; Coogee, 1954-1958); counsellor (Hazelbrook, 1958-1963)

===''PETERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Zornig Peters|Peters, Henry Zornig &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4XX-HBC] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ZP Maryborough (1937-1939); 4ZP Sarina (1947-1956); 4ZP Cooroy (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1978, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Yerra via Maryborough, Qld, 1936-1937; Sarina, 1943); farmer (Cooroy, 1963-1980)

===''PETERSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Marzanti Petersen|Petersen, Thomas William Marzanti &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 1919(Qld)-1981(Qld) - 4FY Brisbane (Cooparoo Heights, 1946-1947), 4YO Moreton Island (1975), amateur operator (AOCP 2321, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor), military (WW2, AIF), employment (Hills TV service), business proprietor (Advance Radio, Wynnum Radio Repairs)
===''PETERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Franz Peterson|Peterson, Harold Franz]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-CV1] - 1888(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HP Sydney (Coogee, 1930-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 617, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector (Coogee, 1930-1958)
* [[/Rupert Clarence Peterson|Peterson, Rupert Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87D-VJ3] - 1910(Vic)-2000(NSW) - Licences: 7AZ Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922-1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923-1924); 3PT Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 401, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 96, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949; Ivanhoe, 1954-1977); retired (Merimbula, 1980)
* [[/Walter Peterson|Peterson, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QP Melbourne (Toorak, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 689, 1930, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kew, 1925); telephone engineer (Kew, 1926-1928); engineer (Toorak, 1931-1937); secretary (Lilydale, 1943-1954); electrical instrument maker (Collingwood North, 1967-1968) - several contemporaneous WPs
* [[/Walter Martin Peterson|Peterson, Walter Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDRD-G6B] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6LW Perth (West Perth, 1937; East Perth, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; City, 1954-1956; City Beach, 1960-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1864, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Balcatta, WA, 1931-1936; North Perth, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1937-1943); radio engineer (East Perth, WA, 1949-1958); lecturer (City Beach, WA, 1963-1977)

===''PHELPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Phelps|Phelps, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D5-97G] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DL Sydney (Canterbury, 1931-1939, 1946; Ashbury, 1947-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 769, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1935-1937; Ashfield, 1942; Ashbury, 1949-1963)
===''PHILBIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Philbin|Philbin, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKL-L7L] - 1889(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7FP Queenstown (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ulverstone, 1914); electrician (Queenstown, 1919-1937); electrical fitter (Queenstown, 1949-1954); to NSW 1940s
===''PHILLIPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan William Albert Phillips|Phillips, Alan William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-LD4] - 1915(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5GX Adelaide (Somerton, 1936-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1601, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (St Leonards, SA, 1939; South Plympton, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Albert Maurice Phillips|Phillips, Albert Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-GGP] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5ZU Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1713, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Gordon George Phillips|Phillips, Gordon George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7V-TB1] - 1887(NSW)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 93, 1915; 1COCP 321, 1933 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Townsville, 1912-1919); radio telegraphist (Currie, King Island, 1922); telegraphist (South Townsville, 1925); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1937)
* [[/Harry Edward James Thomas Phillips|Phillips, Harry Edward James Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZW-SXG] - 1896(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1933; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Merlynstone, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 532, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: slaughterman (Newmarket, 1919); butcher (Emerald, 1922; Mitcham, 1924-1936; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1949)
* [[/James Graham Phillips|Phillips, James Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-8JC] - 1909(SA)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 5BW Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1931; Somerton, 1933-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 256, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Somerton, 1939-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/606863]
* [[/Noel William Phillips|Phillips, Noel William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9FX-877] - 1911(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4NP Ipswich (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1396, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Public Works Dept) - Electoral Rolls: painter (Ipswich, Qld, 1936-1937)
===''PHILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurance Vincent Phillis|Phillis, Laurance Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5R-98V] - 1900(SA)-1953(SA) - Licences: 5LP Adelaide (South Payneham, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1136, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PHILPOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Hanmer Philpot|Philpot, Clarence Hanmer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMRM-C7S] - 1906(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Geelong (1923); 3CP Geelong (1924-1925); 3CP Warrnambool (1925-1926); 3KL Ararat (1927); 3KL Avoca (1931-1937); 3KL Horsham (1938-1939); 3KL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 381, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Derrinallum, 1928; Avoca, 1931-1936); postal (Elsternwick, 1942-1980)
===''PHILPOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Jones Philpott|Philpott, Oliver Jones]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LJ-52T] - 1869(???)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Sandringham, 1919); manager (Caulfield, 1921-1927)
===''PHIPPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Roger Sydney Phipps|Phipps, William Roger Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZX2-Z6G] - 1896(Eng)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6WP Perth (Subiaco, 1924-1927; Victoria Park, 1930-1933; South Perth, 1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 111, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 16, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Subiaco, 1921); electrical fitter (Subiaco, 1925); radio operator (Victoria Park, 1931; South Perth, 1936-1972)

===''PIKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Herbert Arthur Pike|Pike, John Herbert Arthur &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MT5R-K62] - 1890(NSW)-1961(NSW) - XJP Sydney (Arncliffe, 1911), XDY Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912-1914), XDZ Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912), 2DF Receive Sydney (Epping, 1922-1924), 2JP Sydney (Epping, 1925-1929; Greenwich, 1930-1939, 1946-1961), amateur operator (AOCP 130, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, AWA (research, later draftsman)
===''PINNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chalker Pinnell|Pinnell, John Chalker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z5-P4G] - 1902(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923-1924); 2ZR Sydney (Marrickville, 1929-1934; Ashfield, 1935-1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1939, 1946-1950; Earlwood, 1954-1961; Croydon, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 547, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1934; Ashfield, 1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1949); teacher (Earlwood, 1954-1963); retired (Ashfield, 1968; Mt Kuringai, 1980)
===''PINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Pinney|Pinney, C. R.]] - 18??-19?? - 4CP Port Moresby - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''PITCHFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stuart Frederick Pitchford|Pitchford, William Stuart Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5C-X48] - 1906(Eng)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (City, 1926-1933; Hyde Park, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 254, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Reade Park, 1939-1943)

===''PITTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Graham Pitts|Browne, Reginald Graham or Graham Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGB-56Y] - 1915(SA)-2005(WA) - Licences: 5GP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1934-1939); 5GP Alice Springs (1947); 5GE Port Augusta (1955-1975); 5GE Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1377, 1934, SA; 2COCP 189, 1938; 1COCP 225, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: finisher (Torrensville, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Alice Springs, NT, 1949)

===''POLLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henderson Pollock|Pollock, John Henderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFM-9TQ] - 1895(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Moorooka, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Moorooka, Qld, 1922-1926); insurance manager (Townsville, Qld, 1928-1937); insurance agent (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''PONSONBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bessborough Ponsonby|Ponsonby, John Bessborough]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 466, 1919; 1COCP 50, 1930 - coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls:

===''POPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maitland Glen Pope|Pope, Maitland Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ4K-FN6] - 1884(WA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 122, 1915; 1COCP 153, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1906); civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); civil servant (Hobart North, Tas, 1914); officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1919-1921); wireless expert (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925); wireless operator (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1927-1931); supervisor (Essendon, Vic, 1936-1954)

===''PORTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Glanville Porter|Porter, Leonard Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLX-765] - 1897(SA)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5MP Huddlestone (1938-1939; 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 966, 1927; 1COCP 73, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1924); wireless operator (5PI Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''POTTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Potter|Potter, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-38V] - 1915(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6ZO Perth (East Fremantle, 1937-1939; Bicton, 1947-1965; Melville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1959, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (East Fremantle, WA, 1937-1943); contractor (East Fremantle, WA, 1949-1958; Melville, 1963); builder (Melville, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Francis Potter|Potter, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G878-638] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2WP Helensburgh (1928-1939); 2WP Fairy Meadow (1948-1950); 2WP Charlestown (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 399, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 38, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Helensburgh, 1930-1937); mechanic (Fairy Meadow, 1949); shiftman (Charlestown, 1954); electrical mechanic (Charlestown, 1958); railway employee (New Lambton, 1958)

===''POTTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Charles Pottie|Pottie, Norman Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V3D-JFZ] - 1909(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HQ Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931; Hunters Hill, 1933-1938; Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 589, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933; Hunters Hill, 1936-1937; Albury, 1943; Willoughby, 1949-1958)
===''POULSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valdemar Poulsen|Poulsen, Valdemar]] - 1869(Denmark)-1942(Denmark) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - inventor of a magnetic wire recorder, Poulsen arc transmitter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [[w:Valdemar Poulsen|Wikipedia]]; [https://ethw.org/Valdemar_Poulsen IEEE]; [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Valdemar-Poulsen Britannica]
===''POWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Power|Power, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PRESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Arthur Campbell Preston|Preston, Thomas Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDV-FFD] - 1886(Tas)-1970(Tas) - Licences: 7BK Queenstown (1923-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 190, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Mount Lyell Co (electrical engineer, 1920s; chief engineer) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Queenstown, 1919-1954)
===''PRESTON-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cedric Preston-Smith see Cedric Preston Smith

===''PRICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Clarey Price|Price, John Clarey &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7GR-V19] - 1884(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4CE (Receive) 1922; 4FI or 4FJ Brisbane (Bardon, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); radio business proprietor (Wireless House); public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wooloowin, 1912-1913); public servant (Bardon Estate, 1919-1936; Bardon, 1943-1954)
* [[/Keith Ferguson Price|Price, Keith Ferguson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-TPD] - 1900(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4KF Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1937-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1937, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1926); engineering instructor (Camp Hill, Qld, 1937-1943); electrical engineer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PRIDDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Arthur Priddle|Priddle, Raymond Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-PNF] - 1913(NSW)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Bathurst (1929-1936); 2RA Sydney (Marrickville, 1938-1939; Greenwich, 1946; Pymble, 1947-1961; Wahroonga, 1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 473, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Yass, 1935; Marrickville, 1936-1943; Lane Cove, 1943; Pymble, 1949-1963); engineer (Wahroonga, 1968)
===''PRIDEAUX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Charles Prideaux|Prideaux, Joseph Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-Y6H] - 1908(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4DS Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: musician (Lismore, NSW, 1935-1943); hairdresser (Lismore, NSW, 1949-1968)
===''PRIDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Clifford Pridham|Pridham, Leslie Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK2-H6C] - 1916(SA)-2007(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2047, 1937, SA; BOCP 301, 1940; 1COCP 834, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Lockleys, SA, 1943)

===''PRINCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Prince|Prince, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKT-ZLR] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5WK Adelaide (Walkerville, 1934-1939; Kurralta Park, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1358, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Queenstown, SA, 1941); fitter (Gracemere, SA, 1943); sheet metal worker (Broadview Gardens, SA, 1943)

===''PROPOSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilhelm Carl Lormann Proposch|Proposch, Wilhelm or William Carl Lormann or Forman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVN-TGW] - 1900(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4PL Chinchilla (1937-1939); 4PL Nanango (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1986, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wellborer (Maclargan via Jondaryan, Qld, 1925-1936); radio dealer (Chinchilla, Qld, 1937; Nanango, Qld, 1943-1968)

===''PRYZBILLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Alfred Pryzibilla|Pryzibilla, Colin Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKD-1SY] - 1910(SA)-2001(SA)91yo - Licences: 5XJ Adelaide (Parkside, 1935-1939, 19471960; Brooklyn Park, 1965-1969; Ascot Park, 1975; Plympton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1590, 1935, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PURDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Commodore Vere Purdon|Purdon, Commodore Vere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ28-Y6B] - 1901(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1922); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1922; Hobart South, 1928; Bellerive, 1936-1954)

=='''Q'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''QUICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Quick|Quick, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKWF-QQF] - 1852(Eng)-1932(Vic) - state politician (MLA Vic, 1880s &amp; 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1909-1910), oversight of 1909 Melbourne Wireless Telegraphy Conference - Links: [[w:John_Quick_(politician)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/quick-sir-john-8140 ADB]
===''QUIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Quin|Quin, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-TP8] - 1910(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6CX Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937; Wembley, 1938-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 678, 1930, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 178, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wembley Park, 1937); accountant (Swanbourne, 1963); retire (Swanbourne, 1972-1977)

=='''R'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''RADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Dynan Radford|Radford, Wilfred or William Dynan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/92MT-KNF] - 1916(Qld)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4WV Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); 4WW Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1624, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: theological student (Hunters Hill, NSW, 1943); clergyman (Toongabbie, NSW, 1954); priest (Marist College, Armidale, NSW, 1958; Toongabbie, NSW, 1963-1968; Hunters Hill, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RAGLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Beaumont Ragless|Ragless, Gordon Beaumont]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMY3-58F] - 1909(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5GR Adelaide (St Marys, 1928-1939; Marion, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 434, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchard assistant (St Marys, 1939-1943)

===''RAINBOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Rainbow|Rainbow, Christopher James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87K-BB5] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Melbourne (Preston, 1928-1954; West Preston, 1955-1969; Rosebud, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 406, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, partnership (Supreme Radio Co, Preston ?-1932), WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Preston, 1931-1942); traveller (Preston, 1949-1972; Rosebud, 1977); retired (Rosebud, 1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3PA Percy James Anderson
===''RAMSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Ramsay|Ramsay, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-4RT] - 1871(Eng)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Toowong, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hermit Park, Qld, 1903-1905; South Brisbane, Qld, 1912; West End, Qld, 1915-1919); accountant (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925; Waverley, NSW, 1930-1934); teacher (Waverley, NSW, 1936-1943)
* [[/Robert Ramsay|Ramsay, Robert ]] - 1842(Sct)-1882(Vic) - solicitor, Victorian politician, Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1874 - Aug 1875; Oct 1875 - May 1877)

===''RANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Otto Randell|Randell, Charles Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97TF-XLP] - 1880(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BK Innisfail (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (callsign to 4BK Brisbane commercial 1930) - Comment: 4AC Leslie Waters employed by Randell Engineering - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Hambledon, 1903); chemist (Goondi, 1908); engineer (Innisfail, 1912-1913); mechanical engineer (Townsville, 1915); analytical chemist (Innisfail, 1919-1930); agent (Toowong, 1936); chemist (Brisbane, 1937); industrial chemist (North Sydney, 1949)
===''RANKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Ronald Rankin|Rankin, Kenneth Ronald &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2RC-8FS] - 1906(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3KR Kerang (1926-1939); 3KR Benalla (1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 242, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kerang, 1928-1937); manager (Benalla, 1949-1963) - Probate: Theatre Manager (Benalla, 1965)
===''RANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Rann|Rann, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDG-VMV] - 1908(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6KO Perth (Nedlands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1000, 1932, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Nedlands, WA, 1931); printer (West Subiaco, WA, 1936; Wembley, WA, 1937-1943; Leederville, WA, 1954-1958); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1963-1972)

===''RAYNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Rayner|Rayner, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQQ-2LK] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LJ Sydney (Stanmore, 1928-1930; Belmore, 1931-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 384, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 425, 1933; 1COCP 335, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Annandale, 1930); constable (Belmore, 1933-1934); police constable (Belmore, 1937-1949)

===''READ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Earl Read|Read, Alfred Earl &quot;Earl&quot;]] - 1892(NZ)-1960(NZ) - journalist (editor NZ Radio Times to 1936; editor and proprietor, Australasian Radio World 1936-1940; manager, Australasian Radio World 1940+)
* [[/Allan William Read|Read, Allan William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1B-WF2] - 1913(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6LK Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1933); 6LK Northam (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 735, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 163, 1934; 1COCP 83, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broadcasting Station, Northam, WA, 1936-1937); radio technician (North Perth, WA, 1943-1958); public servant (Nollamara, WA, 1963-1980)

===''READER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/d'Arcy Harold Reader|Reader, d'Arcy Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KX-8N8] - 1888(NZ)-1952(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 123, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Thursday Island, Qld, 1916-1917)

===''READING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Reading|Reading, Edward Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZW7-9DL] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2RG Bangalow (1925-1929), 2LT Lismore (1965-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, electrician, Reading Bros (proprietor &amp; electrical engineer, 1930-1939), 2RG callsign may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 2RG Griffith commercial
* [[/Leonard William Reading|Reading, Leonard William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2LY-H23] - 1904(WA)-1989(WA) - Licences: 6LR Northam (1933-1936); 3TQ Newport (1937); 6LR Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939; South Perth, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1200, 1933, Vic; 1COCP 384, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Northam, WA, 1925-1936; Newport, Vic, 1937); airman (South Perth, WA, 1943); supervisor (Karinup, WA, 1980)

===''REDDROP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Reddrop|Reddrop, James William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1T-SYY] - 1906(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Launceston (1934-1937); 3BN Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 28, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: airman (Elsternwick, 1931; St Kilda, 1937); air force (Elsternwick, 1942-1954); air force officer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1958); RAAF officer (Campbell, 1963); retired (Hackett, ACT, 1968); representative (Tbre Lake, 1972-1980)

===''REED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Griffiths Reed|Reed, Joseph Griffiths &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC6Y-GZZ] - 1897(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: XABP Newcastle (1914); 2JR Sydney(Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Croydon, 1934-1939; Northbridge, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 710, 1922; 1COCP 235, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Summer Hill, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1943-1968)

===''REEDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Bennett Reedman|Reedman, Alfred Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZLN-MVM] - 1896(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Norman Park, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919-1921; Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1980)

===''REES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Montague Elyder Rees|Rees, Richard Montague Elyder]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXW-S6Y] - 1901(Eng)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 2RE Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1927; Coogee, 1928-1930); 2WM Sydney (Enfield, 1931-1933); 2APW Albury (1946-1947); 3APW Darling (1948-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 296, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 959, 1927; 2COCP 283, 1930; BOCP 107, 1937; 1COCP 941, 1945 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Enfield, 1931-1937)

===''REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Dwyer Reilly|Reilly, Edward or Edwin Dwyer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S5-67P] - 1913(Vic)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (Woodville, 1935-1939; Brooklyn Park, 1947-1975; Aldinga, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1524, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Woodville, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Eric Harold Reilly|Reilly, Eric Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L153-S1X] - 1905(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4ER Brisbane (Hill End, 1934-1937); 4ER Laidley (1938-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1339, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ, WICEN) - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Hill End, Qld, 1934-1937); motor mechanic (Laidley, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''REIMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Alwin Reimann|Reimann, Albert Alwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4RD-V3K] - 1905(SA)-1946(SA) - Licences: 5JO Adelaide (Kent Town, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 453, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''REINARTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John L. Reinartz|Reinartz, John L.]] - 1894(Ger)-1964(USA) - 1QP (1908-?), 1XAM, W3RB, K6BJ USA, amateur operator, with Fred Schnell made first Trans-Atlantic 2 Way QSO with F8AB Leon Deloy
===''REINHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Cyril Reinhold|Reinhold, Edwin Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHH4-WWR] - 1900(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: Q747 Receive Brisbane (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clayfield, 1925); motor mechanic (Gracefield, 1931-1949); soldier (Sherwood, 1954-1980)

===''RENNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rennie|Rennie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HI Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. M. Rennie|Rennie, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QF Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/K. M. Rennie|Rennie, K. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AO Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RENSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Phillip Renshaw|Renshaw, Walter Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9KS-1LX] - 1891(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: XFP Sydney (Roseville, 1912-1914); 2DE Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 370, 1918 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator - amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIA NSW - 1912+, President, Federal President); professional clubs (IRE NSW - founding member); business (consulting engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Hon. Sec. WIA NSW) - Comment: late 1930s entangled in a NSW State Government corruption enquiry - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Roseville, 1936-1954; Ashfield, 1958-1968)
===''RENWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Griffith Renwick|Renwick, Arthur Griffith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-8XV] - 1902(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2CG Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 292, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Roseville, 1930-1937); chemist (Drummoyne, 1943-1954); retail chemist (Strathfield, 1958-1963)

===''RETALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Moncrieff Retallick|Retallick, James Moncrieff]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKK3-QDW] - 1898(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2XO Bellingen (1930-1939, 1946-1947); 2FE Portable Bellingen (1933-1939); 2XO Raleigh (1948-1955); 2XO Coffs Harbour (1956-1958); 2XO Urunga (1960-1969);  - Qualifications: AOCP 664, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: attendant (Substation, Raleigh, 1949-1954); electrical mechanic (Urunga, 1963-1968)

===''REYNOLDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Daniel Reynolds|Reynolds, George Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9J-VBQ] - 1886(NZ)-1964(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 180, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1917; Cooktown, 1928); radio (Malvern, 1934-1937); wireless operator (New Farm, 1943); radio station manager (Townsville, 1949); retired (Malvern, 1954-1963)

===''RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Rhodes|Rhodes, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BS-QMC] - 1887?(???)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Kadina (1923); 5HR Kadina (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Needs more research - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quorn, 1939-1943; Grassmere, 1943)

===''RIBBETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Ribbett|Ribbett, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQQ-YRJ] - 1880(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''RICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fry Rich|Rich, Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-YZ3] - 1873(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 4CR Fife Bay, Papua - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Father of 4VX 2AJZ 9VX 2API Mackendrick Charles William Rich - Electoral Rolls: retired (Chatswood, NSW, 1943-1949)
* [[/Mackendrick Charles William Rich|Rich, Mackendrick Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-5MB] - 1903(PNG)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 4VX Samarai, Papua (1938-1939); 2AJZ Sydney (Chatswood, 1946); 9VX Port Moresby (1947-1948); 2API Sydney (Manly Vale, 1954-1955; Balgowlah, 1956-1969; Manly Vale, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 4CR Charles Fry Rich - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Manly Vale, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Manly Vale, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RICHARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. F. Richards|Richards, G. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (Moonah, 1923); 2237 Hobart (Moonah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/George Richards|Richards, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDM-JZ6] - 1888(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4XK Ipswich (1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 575, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mine manager (Silkstone, 1917-1932; Booval, 1936-1958)
* [[/Maurice Evans Richards|Richards, Maurice Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-KPB] - 1910(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5CY Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); 5MR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 369, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Likely a relation of 5WR Wilfred Mayo Richards - Electoral Rolls: welder (Millswood East, SA, 1943) 
* [[/Norman Henry Richards|Richards, Norman Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-NL1] - 1912(Eng)-2007(Qld) - Licences: 4NR Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1932-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1071, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1937); mechanic (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1943); refrigeration engineer (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1963-1968); retired (Glasshouse Mountains, Qld, 1972-1977; Tin Can Bay, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Victor John Richards|Richards, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-3HH] - 1916(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6JR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1894, 1937, WA; 2COCP 265, 1939; 1COCP 367, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Nedlands, WA, 1937); radio operator (Alice Springs, NT, 1943); machinery assistant (Wivenhoe, Tas, 1949); radio technician (Darlinghurst West, NSW, 1949; Charters Towers, Qld, 1949)); radio operator (Carlingford, NSW, 1954); radio technician (Blacktown, NSW, 1958); technician (Applecross, WA, 1958-1972); radio officer (Applecross, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Mayo Richards|Richards, Wilfred Mayo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-6W4] - 1896(SA)-1948(SA) - 5WR Adelaide (Medindie Gardens, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 364, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - certainly a relation of 5MR Maurice Evans Richards

===''RICHARDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Kennington Richardson|Richardson, Alan Kennington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRM-73L] - 1914(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5AR Adelaide (Everard Park, 1934-1939; City, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1277, 1934, SA; AOLCP 201, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Everard Park, SA, 1939)
* [[/Jasper Bede Richardson|Richardson, Jasper Bede]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-LTY] - 1907(WA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 6LX Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1933; Hollywood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 831, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (East Fremantle, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Hollywood, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943; East Fremantle, WA, 1949); mechanic (Bicton, WA, 1954-1968)
* [[/John Keith Richardson|Richardson, John Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QQ-76P] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Tas) - Licences: 4KR Barcaldine (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: overseer (&quot;Ashgrove&quot;, Gore, 1930-1932)

===''RICKABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorimer Douglas Rickaby|Rickaby, Lorimer Douglas &quot;Rick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMR4-Z8W] - 1906(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4VR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Coopers Plains, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 485, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4VL, 4AK, 4BK); military (WW2, RAN); ship wireless officer; security officer (MSS) - Relationships: father of 4RX Brian ??? Rickaby; father-in-law of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1931-1934); radio engineer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949);  meter reader (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1958-1972) 
* [[/Brian ??? Rickaby|Rickaby, Brian ???]] - Licences: 4ZAP Brisbane (Coopers Plains, 1960); 4RX Brisbane (Salisbury, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOLCP; AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; broadcast engineer (Qld State Broadcasting Office, P&amp;TD / DoC / DoTaC / ABA) - Relationships: son of 4VR Lorimer Douglas Rickaby; husband of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls:

===''RIETHMULLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Riethmuller|Riethmuller, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64Z-XCL] - 1903(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4SK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 250, 1930; 1COCP 299, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jandowae, 1936); radio technician (Wellington, NSW, 1937; Moorooka, 1943); radio operator (Darlinghurst, 1949; Wahroonga, 1963-1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1972-1980)
===''RING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Mostyn Ring|Ring, Keith Mostyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB8-YR7] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5KH Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1932-1939, 1947-1948; Marion, 1954; Eden Hills, 1955-1969); 5KH Williamstown (1975); 5KH Kapunda (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 923, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Jamestown, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Leo Ring|Ring, Thomas Leo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-D97] - 1893(Vic)-1945(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 233, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1916; Sandgate, 1921); clerical assistant (Bowen, Qld, 1925); postmaster (Texas, 1930-1937); retired (Hendra, Qld, 1943)

===''RIPPEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Adolf Heinrich Gerhard Rippen|Rippen, Adolf Heinrich Gerhard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-QSB] - 1919(WA)-1941(Off coast of Kenya) - Licences: 6GR Perth (Fremantle, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1731, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, HMAS Sydney II, Telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fremantle, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.sydneymemorial.com/registrydetails.asp?ID=478 HMAS Sydney II Memorial]; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/644953 VWMA]; [http://www.streetwisemedia.com.au/unknown-sydney-sailor-named-after-80-years/ Streetwise]

===''RIVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Ronald Rivers|Rivers, Edmund Ronald or Ronald Edmund]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJH-V2S] - 1901(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3ER Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1922-1923); 3ER Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 767, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RIX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Henry George Rix|Rix, Walter Henry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MMQX-KZQ] - 1898(Qld)-1923(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Receive Brisbane (Bulimba, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: tram conductor (Valley, Qld, 1919-1921)

===''ROBBINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Fellows Robbins|Robbins, Thomas Fellows]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-2SL] - 1918(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5DK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1935-1937; Malvern, 1938-1939); 5AQ Leigh Creek (1954-1960); 5AQ Port Augusta (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1548, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Malvern, SA, 1941-1943)

===''ROBERTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles D'Arcy Roberts|Roberts, Charles D'Arcy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-VBN] - 1909(NSW)-1943(Burma) - licences: 2JV Sydney (Greenwich, 1928-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 408, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (signalman, 8 Division Signals, 1943) - Electoral rolls: clerk (Lane Cove, 1930-1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Harry Mayland Roberts|Roberts, Harry Mayland or Mayfield (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLH-KKF] - 1912(SA)-1979(SA) - Licences: 5MY Adelaide (Alberton East, 1931; Myrtle Bank, 1938-1939; Fullarton Estate, 1947-1954; Plympton, 1955-1965; North Plympton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 763, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Myrtle Bank, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/J. C. A. Roberts|Roberts, J. C. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAAY Sydney (Parramatta, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Identification: Not yet identified, despite three given names - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Nicholas William Roberts|Roberts, Nicholas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-XKV] - 1915(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5NR Adelaide (St Peters, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1228, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, age 21yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Noel Grafton Roberts|Roberts, Noel Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRD-CCL] - 1924(Eng)-2008(Eng) - Licences: 5NR Katherine (1947) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 589, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio inspector (Tally Ho, Vic, 1967-1968; Glen Waverley, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/Richard George Crafter Roberts|Roberts, Richard George Crafter or Crofter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWFZ-Z24] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2UU Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 750, 1922; 2COCP 430, 1933; 1COCP 505, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ashfield, 1933-1936; Lovetts Bay, 1943; Chatswood, 1949-1958)
* [[/Russell Flexmore Roberts|Roberts, Russell Flexmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL4K-265] - 18??-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4PN Brisbane (West End, 1927-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 372, 1927, No. 41 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; television experimenter (4CM); broadcaster (4BC, manager) - Electoral Rolls: musical director (South Brisbane, 1919); musician (Coorparoo, 1934); manager (Yeronga, 1936-1937); alderman (Annerley, 1954)
* [[/V. Roberts|Roberts, V.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBERTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Desmond Robertson|Robertson, Brian Desmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-W63] - 1921(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 1RD Macquarie Island (1950s); 5RD Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 998, 1946 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/David Sterling Robertson|Robertson, David Sterling]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-F7H] - 1920(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Mt Lofty, 1937-1939, 1948-1965); 1ATR Canberra (Deakin, 1956; Yarralumla, 1960); 5RN Adelaide (Stirling, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1944, 1937, SA; 2COCP 346, 1940; 1COCP 405, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 5YL-1YL Denise Alison Robertson nee Haslam - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (North Sydney, 1943)
* [[/Denise Alison Robertson|Robertson nee Haslam, Denise Alison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-JWG] - 1927(NSW)-2008(SA) - Licences: 1YL Canberra (Yarralumla, 1960-1965); 5YL Adelaide (Stirling, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3552, 1956, ACT - amateur operator; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 5RN-1ATR David Sterling Robertson - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Robinson|Robinson, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1G8-ZJ2] - 1900(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Hunter's Hill, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 498/499, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical meter tester (Haberfield, 1933-1936) - 2GR callsign previously held by Joseph Sydney Marks
* [[/Arthur Robinson|Robinson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-4PP] - 1926(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ABF Sale (1948-1956); 3ABF Melbourne (Croydon, 1960); 3ABF Traralgon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2710, 1948, Vic; TVOCP 184, 1959 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Croydon, 1963); PMG TV technician (Traralgon, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles John Robinson|Robinson, Charles John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJD-DC5] - 1908(Tas)-2004(???) - Licences: 7RC Launceston (1936-1937); 7KR Launceston (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1668, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carter (Launceston, 1936-1937); cordial maker (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John William Robinson|Robinson, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7H-Q61] - 1895(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2EN Receive Sydney (Ryde, 1922-1923); 2RN Receive Sydney (Concord, 1923); 4RN Brisbane (Kedron, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur broadcaster; Honorary Radio Inspector NSW; First director 4QG - Comment: several contemporaneous JWRs - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Merthyr, Qld, 1925-1926); radio engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1928); engineer (Herston, 1936-1937)

===''ROBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Laudreux Robson|Robson, Colin Laudreux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYV-TL8] - 1916(WA)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6XI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1937-1939); 6XI Northam (1947-1948); 6XI Waterloo (1954-1960); 6XI bunbury (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 181, 1936; AOCP 2055, 1937, WA; BOCP 234, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (6AM Quarters, Northam, WA, 1949; 6TZ, Waterloo, WA, 1958-1963; Bunbury, WA, 1968-1972)

===''ROCKWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Bruce Rockwell|Rockwell, Horace Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K882-BWV] - 1887(Tas)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XQH Brisbane (Wynnum) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; WW1; WW2; a founder of Wireless Institute of Queensland 1912 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1913; Wynnum, Qld, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Enoggera, Qld, 1919; Chelmer, Qld, 1925); electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1936-1937); soldier (Middle Head, NSW, 1943); engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1949)

===''RODDA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William David Rodda|Rodda, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WK-4JB] - 1907(WA)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WR Perth (Claremont, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 435, 1928, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1191, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Claremont, 1931-1936; Nedlands, 1937; Claremont, 1943); control operator (Nedlands, 1949-1954); technician (Perth, 1958)

===''RODWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Rodwell|Rodwell, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWX8-VG7] - 1909(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Bowen Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1936-1937); grocer (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); company manager (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1968); bookseller (Aspley, Qld, 1972)

===''ROGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Stanley Rogers|Rogers, Bernard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPV-L34] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FG Adelaide (Blackwood, 1934-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1948; Glandore, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1274, 1934, SA; 1COCP 907, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Edwardstown, SA, 1939-1943)

===''ROHDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Campbell Rohde|Rohde, William Campbell &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76S-GRF] - 1907(Qld)-1991(Qld) - Licences: 4RW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 493, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (YWCA Wireless Club); comms engineer (PMGD); broadcast engineer (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Red Hill, 1934-1943; Newmarket, 1949); postal engineer (Coorparoo, 1958-1980)

===''ROLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Rolls|Rolls, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-V3F] - 1886(???)-1957(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Auburn, Vic, 1916-1919); naval officer (Camberwell, Vic, 1924-1925); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1928-1949)

===''ROSCOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Thomas Roscoe|Roscoe, Geoffrey Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QR-GJY] - 1900(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Receive Condamine (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Condamine, Qld, 1925; Macknade, Qld, 1936-1937; Boonah, Qld, 1943); retired (St Lucia, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''ROSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William (Qld) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-JJM] - 1911(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4RR Brisbane (1925); 4RQ Longreach (1930-1939, 1946-1948); 2AQR Wallsend (1956-1961); 2AQR Avoca (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 576, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; chemist - Comment: Another Robert William Rose b1923 BOCP 993 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowong, 1925); chemist (Longreach, 1936-1949; West Wallsend, 1958-1963; Avoca Beach, 1968)
* [[/Robert William (Vic) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Vic)]] - 1923(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 993, 1948; 3AIR 1790, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROSENSKJAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rosenskjar|Rosenskjar, F.]] - 19??-19?? - 4?? Brisbane (Fairfield) (Operator 4BI), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''ROSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander David Ross|Ross, Alexander David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68V-KFR] - 1883(Sct)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Professor of Mathematics &amp; Physics, University of Perth) - Electoral Rolls: university professor (Perth Club, 1916; West Perth, 1925-1954); retired (Albany, WA, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-alexander-david-8270 ADB]; [[w:Alexander_David_Ross|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.news.uwa.edu.au/archive/201206204747/features/setting-standards-excellence/ UWA]
* [[/John Francis Ross|Ross, John Francis &quot;Jack&quot;]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer (PMGD); journalist (editor, The Broadcaster); historian (broadcasting, Amateur Radio, radiocommunications); author (&quot;History of Radio in South Australia&quot;; &quot;Radio Broadcast Technology&quot;) - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROUTLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Angus Routledge|Routledge, Robert Angus &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX2-BDP] - 1913(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5RA Adelaide (Richmond, 1930-1931; Henley Beach, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 679, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Henley, 1939); radio technician (Henley, 1941); physics technician (Glenelg, 1943)

===''ROWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. L. Rowe|Rowe, R. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2LR Sydney (Milsons Point, 1928; McMahons Point, 1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 267, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ROWLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert George Rowland|Rowland, Robert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH14-G2J] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Ballarat (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 657, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Grovedale, 1924); storekeeper (Majorca, 1925-1927; Ballarat, 1931); radio dealer (Ballarat, 1936-1980) - Don't Confuse: 3ZGG/3AFS Robert George Rowlands

===''ROWLATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Rowlatt|Rowlatt, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCMJ-HZT] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1915-1921); engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1925-1937); mechanical engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1943-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''ROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Roy|Roy, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 577, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator?; amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Individual not yet identified (115 Skene St, Warrnambool, Vic - 1930)
===''ROYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Arthur Kirkcaldy Royle|Royle, William Arthur Kirkcaldy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ13-BBQ] - 1909(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2WA Sydney (Edgecliff, 1927-1928); 2AWK Sydney (Darling Point, 1946-1950; Sandringham, 1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 318, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: underwriter (Edgecliff, 1936-1954); agent (Sandringham, 1958)

===''RUBAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Peter Ruban|Ruban, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-DMS] - 1925(???)-2015(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Footscray North, 1963-1968); technician (Maidstone, Vic, 1972-1980)
===''RUMBOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Rumbold|Rumbold, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VKD-BSQ] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Bendigo (1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 349, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Bendigo, 1928); insurance agent (Kyneton, 1931; Shepparton, 1931; Bendigo, 1936-1937); assistant superintendent (Bendigo, 1942-1954); cabinet maker (Bendigo, 1963-1972)
===''RUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Ruse|Ruse, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZMB-QWY] - 1891(Vic)-1987(WA)95yo - Licences: 6WK Perth (Perth City, 1930-1931; Osborne Park, 1933-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 627, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Osborne Park, 1916-1972); retired (Bunbury, 1977-1980)

===''RYAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Ryan|Ryan, Albert John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWH-V6X] - 1897(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 2LE Canberra (Kingston, 1930-1933); 2YN Canberra (Kingston, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: CPRT 489, 1919; AOLCP 80, 1932; no record of AOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; broadcast engineer; PMGD (junior mechanic NSW, 1917; clerk, 1919); founder of 2CA Canberra commercial - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AJR's
* [[/George Edward Ryan|Ryan, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-RCC] - 1910(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Dutton Park, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1633, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; telephone mechanic (PMGD) - Comment: several contemporaneous GERs - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943-1954); PMG Instructor (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); instructor (Taringa, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''RYMILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Campbell Rymill|Rymill, Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXVS-CTB] - 1907(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Riddoch Rymill|Rymill, Robert Riddoch]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5N-YC9] - 1904(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: V753 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GX Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ethnologist (South Yarra, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/535352 WW2]

=='''S'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''SAAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Saar|Saar, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ52-N3K] - 1889(???)-1956(WA) - Licences: 6CZ Receive Perth (West Perth, 1923); 6CZ Northam (1923-1925); 6KM Eucla (1926-1927); 6KM Geraldton (1933); 6KM Perth (Maylands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 264, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph lineman (North Perth, WA, 1915); postal electrician (Northam, WA, 1917); mechanic (Bunbury, WA, 1916-1917; Balkatta, WA, 1922; Eucla, WA, 1925-1926; North Perth, WA, 1928; Maylands, WA, 1931); postal electrician (Maylands, WA, 1936-1954)

===''SAGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Noel Sagar|Sagar, Eric Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-4J9] - 1896(SA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 5CM Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); 5CM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1924-1926); 4ES Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Halcyon: Not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: manager (Greenslopes, Qld, 1932); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949); orchardist (Kincumber, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''SAINSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Henry Sainsbury|Sainsbury, Rupert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L28X-5H3] - 1896(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1924-1936); 4YJ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1946-1954; Epping, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 54, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930); traveller (Hendra, 1936-1937); soldier (Norman Park, 1943); executive (Concord West, 1949-1954); commercial traveller (Epping, 1958-1968)
===''SAINTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Melville Sainty|Sainty, Clifford Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ61-1GZ] - 1907(NSW)-1987(SA) - 2MS Warrawee (1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 88, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, likely related to XAH S. J. Sainty

===''SALAMY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Salamy|Salamy, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZHH-VWR] - 1904(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AJ Receive Warrnambool (1922-1923); 3AJ Warrnambool (1924-1933); 3PS Warrnambool (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 35, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Warrnambool, 1924-1977)

===''SAMPHIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Luke Samphier|Samphier, Richard Luke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58L-DPC] - 1914(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6YZ Perth (City, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1938-1939; Carlisle, 1947-1955; Mt Lawley, 1956-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1717, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: blind school worker (North Perth, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1943); Blind School employee (Carlisle, WA, 1949-1954; Mt Lawley, WA, 1958)

===''SANDEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Sandel|Sandel, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4J-54J] - 1905(Qld)-1999(NSW) - 2UW Sydney (Manly, 1923; Kensington, 1923-1924; Northbridge, 1924-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1926-1927); 2HH Sydney (Woollahra, 1936-1939, 1946-1969; Bondi, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 270, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; founder B class 2UW Sydney &amp; 2UX Wagga Wagga - don't confuse Charles Albert Sandell of AAE fame - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Woolahra, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1933; Edgecliff, 1936-1937; Bondi Junction, 1943-1954; Bondi Beach, 1958-1980)

===''SANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Albert Sandell|Sandell, Charles Albert]] - 1886(Eng)-1980(WA) - early wireless experimenter, Sydney, 1911, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in ???), participant in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, amateur broadcaster, military (WW1), don't confuse Otto Sandel of 2UW fame
===''SANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Sander|Sander, John Henry &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K6WF-H23] - 1906(WA)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MS Geraldton (1935-1937); 6MS Perth (Cannington, 1938-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1435, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wheelwright (Geraldton, WA, 1930); electrician (Geraldton, WA, 1931-1937); telephone mechanic (South Perth, WA, 1937; Cannington, WA, 1943-1954)

===''SANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas George Sanderson|Sanderson, Douglas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WZJ-2K3] - 1924(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast engineer (PMGD); historian (broadcast); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Torwood, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Ashgrove, Qld, 1958-1968); engineer (Chermside, Qld, 1972; Windsor, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SANDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Keith Sandham|Sandham, James Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''SAUNDERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lewis Saunders|Saunders, Alfred Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-FMS] - 1909(SA)-2003(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923-1924); 5BX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1925-1939, 1946-1955; Plympton, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 223, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Glenelg, 1939-1943)

===''SAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Saw|Saw, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S9-JN3] - 1884(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6DA Perth (Armadale, 1923-1926; Victoria Park, 1927); 6DA Albany (1930-1931); 6DA Perth (Wanneroo, 1933; North Perth, 1937-1939); 6DA Northam (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 174, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storekeeper (Armadale, 1909); electrician (Beverley, 1916-1917; Armadale, 1921-1925; Albany, 1928-1931; Balkatta, 1936; Leederville, 1937; Kalgoorlie, 1937-1943); mechanic (North Perth, 1949); retired (Triggs Island, 1954)
* [[/Malcolm Henry Saw|Saw, Malcolm Henry ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVCY-H9M] - 1921(WA)-1997(WA) - 6SM Perth (Doubleview, 1960-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 3674, 1958, No. ?? in WA), WW2, engineer (Doubleview, 1972)
===''SAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Sawford|Sawford, Leonard Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LF7J-2XK] - 1908(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5DH Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); 5LF Adelaide (Peterhead, 1925-1928; West Croydon, 1931; Largs, 1937-1939); 5YF Adelaide (Glen Osmond, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 173, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; agent (Largs, 1939) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Largs, SA, 1939-1941)

===''SCANLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Scanlon|Scanlon, William Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKG-3XR] - 1901(Tas)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1921-1923); 7AL Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (Medhursts, Hobart to 1924, Launceston from 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harley Irwin Schell|Schell, Harley Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-PV8] - 1907(Tas)-1996(Tas) - Licences: 7AW Receive West Burnie (1922); Receive West Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kelso, 1936-1972)
===''SCHLEICHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Schleicher|Schleicher, Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D4-5RS] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - 4KS Brisbane (Toowong, 1938-1939, 1946-1947; Alderley, -1950+; Aspley, McDowall, -1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2144, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), radio employee (Tracksons, manager service), business proprietor (Blue &amp; White Cabs comms)
===''SCHMIDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Frederick Schmidt|Schmidt, Ronald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88P-1B9] - 1913(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LY Trafalgar (1930); 3LY Moe (1931); 3LY Sale (1933-1939, 1946-1948); 3LY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 567, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 69, 1932; 1COCP 72, 1936; TVOCP 75, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sale, 1934-1937); radio technician (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Camberwell, 1954-1980)
===''SCHNITZERLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Joseph Schnitzerling|Schnitzerling, Leonard Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G885-W43] - 1907(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Warwick (1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2099, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, 1928-1968)

===''SCHOFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Schofield|Schofield, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-69N] - 1874(Eng)-1971(WA)97yo - Licences: 6WS Perth (Peppermint Grove, 1935-1939, 1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1463, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1919); broker (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1922-1968)

===''SCHOLZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hans Scholz|Scholz, Hans &quot;Harold&quot; / &quot;Harry&quot; / &quot;Tibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-CV3] - 19??(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1931); 4HR Nambour (1933); 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937); 4HR Gladstone (1937-1939); 4HR Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 784, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ; South Brisbane RC; Brisbane DX Club); broadcast technician (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); mechanic (Dalby, 1943); not stated (Morningside, 1949-1968)

===''SCHULTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Nelson Schultz|Schultz, Leonard Nelson &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJY-QBF] - 1906(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1922); 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1923-1930); 2ANM Sydney (Mosman, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 171, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 45, 1931; 3AIR 176, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (co-designed 2GB, 1926; involved 2CA, 4BH, 2MW, 5DN); professional associations (IRE: foundation member, vice-president, president); aviator (Royal Aero Club NSW, committee) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting engineer (Mosman, 1935-1937); engineer (Mosman, 1949-1977)
===''SCHULTZE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Ludwig Schultze|Schultze, John Edwin Ludwig]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTB-9FL] - 1906(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3QO Receive Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1923-1924), 3JS Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1925-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 163, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, motor mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934)

===''SCOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil John Scott|Scott, Alfred Cecil John &quot;Cecil&quot;, &quot;Cec&quot;, &quot;Scottie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M12J-9YK] - 1888(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Launceston (1923); 7CS Launceston (1925-1931); 7CS Hobart (Lindisfarne, 1933; Sandy Bay, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 56, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well-known for comic QSL cards - Electoral Rolls: bench clerk (Nelson, 1936; Hobart South, 1943-1954)
* [[/Ernest Kilburn Scott|Scott, Ernest Kilburn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBDW-TBR] - 1868(Eng)-1941(Eng) - Came to Sydney in 1905 to organise electrical engineering department of University of Sydney, likely early wireless experimenter, promoted need for wireless telegraphy for Australia, returned to England ca 1910 - [https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Ernest_Kilburn_Scott Graces Guide - Ernest Kilburn Scott]
* [[/Francis Ladner Scott|Scott, Francis Ladner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHK-DTF] - 1899(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4BO Thursday Island (1933); 2UH Sydney (Randwick, 1934-1936; Naremburn, 1937-1938; La Perouse, 1939 - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 419, 1918; 2COCP 360, 1931; 1COCP 33, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal wireless operator; military (UK Merchant Navy post WW1) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1925); radio telegraphist (Pinkenba, Qld, 1929; Thursday Island, Qld, 1931; Randwick, NSW, 1935; Waverton, NSW, 1943; Wyndham, WA, 1943; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)
* [[/George Archibald Scott|Scott, George Archibald &quot;Scotty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G682-TGN] - 1882(Eng)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 607, 1921; 1COCP 181, 1931 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); PMGD (radio inspector, WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as radio inspector, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, 1913-1914; Hendra, 1915-1917); radio inspector (Fremantle, 1925-1937) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84253651 Bio]
* [[/Herbert Godfrey Scott|Scott, Herbert Godfrey &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-JFJ] - 1902(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4HS Toowoomba (1931-1937); 4HS Brisbane (Albion, 1938-1939; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 750, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1925-1936; Albion, 1943-1968)
* [[/Jack Bartlett Scott|Scott, Jack Bartlett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-FLR] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NR Sydney (Epping, 1930-1934); 2AJX Sydney (Cheltenham, 1938-1939; Epping, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 685, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Epping, 1933-1935); engineer (Epping, 1949; Wahroonga, 1954-1968); retired (Carlingford, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Ochiltree Scott|Scott, Robert Ochiltree]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-5SX] - 1898(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 2RS Gundagai (1929-1931); 2RS Balranald (1933); 3OS Scotsburn (1937-1939); 3OS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 476, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Ballarat, 1920-1924); farmer (Murrayville, 1925-1927; Gundagai, 1930); mechanic (South Yarra, 1943; Melbourne, 1949)
* [[/Robert Townley Scott|Scott, Robert Townley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7YC-MBK] - 1841(Eng)-1922(Qld) - senior state public servant (secretary, Qld Post &amp; Telegraph Dept), senior federal public servant (secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
* [[/W. F. Scott|Scott, W. F.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane (West End) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 334, 1927, No. 37 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: likely father of H. S. Scott who was reported youngest ever to pass AOCP at age 16 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter Henry Scott|Scott, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76Z-11G] - 1904(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923); 5HS Clare (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1888, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clare, SA, 1939); telephone mechanic (Glenelg, SA, 1941-1943)

===''SEBIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Dudley Sebire|Sebire, Leon Dudley &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-QX5] - 1932(Vic)-2006(Vic) - Licences: 3CF Melbourne (Wandin North, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: 2COCP 1319, 1955; 1COCP 1786, 1955 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, director Telstra Broadcasting Branch - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Wandin Yallock, 1954); engineer (Mordialloc, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of 3MX Percival John Sebire - Awards: Member Order of Australia &quot;For service to communications, particularly broadcasting&quot; (1991)
* [[/Percival John Sebire|Sebire, Percival John &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFD-Z2R] - 1904(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3MX Melbourne (Moorabbin, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 692, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1926; Bentleigh, 1928-1936; Cheltenham, 1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1980) - Relationships: father of 3CF Leon Dudley Sebire
===''SEBLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Sebley|Sebley, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-7VL] - 1894(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4WS Ipswich (1931-1939, 1946-1948); Southport (1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 736, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Ipswich, 1915; North Ipswich, 1919-1949; Southport, 1954-1968);

===''SECCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Mervyn Seccombe|Seccombe, Louis Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PW-XWM] - 1895(Tas)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 3KT Receive Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1922-1923); 3KT Melbourne (East Kew, 1924; Ascot Vale, 1924-1925; Hawksburn, 1926; East Malvern, 1927); 2KT Sydney (Rockdale, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 396, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1919); commercial traveller (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1924); radio engineer (Rockdale, NSW, 1930-1937); wireless operator (Longreach, Qld, 1943); communications officer (Hurstville, 1949-1963); - Comment: Surname sometimes misspelled Secombe

===''SELBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Selby|Selby, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCTW-BMT] - 1858(Vic)-1949(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter
===''SELF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Self|Self, Thomas Edward]] - 1854(???)-19??(???) - b. 7 Jan 1854, Early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, demonstration before Royal Society 1898, beware another Thomas Edward Self (b. 9 Oct 1853) in Hobart at the same time
===''SELFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Giles Turner Selfe|Selfe, Harry Giles Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K24M-5XB] - 1894(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 157, 1915; 1COCP 51, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2; RANVR (commissioned telegraphist, 1942) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Geraldton, WA, 1918; Broome, WA, 1922; Leichhardt, NSW, 1933; Darling Harbour, NSW, 1934-1937)
===''SELLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Sellenger|Sellenger, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VT-5GJ] - 1902(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2DC Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 700, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hurstville, 1930-1963)
===''SELLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Sellick|Sellick, Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''SELMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold George Selman|Selman, Harold George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRM4-3S8] - 1907(Vic)-1985(Vic) - 3GN Geelong (1925), 3GN Chilwell (1926), 3GN Geelong (1927), 3GN Melbourne (West Coburg, 1931), 3GN Geelong (1933), 3CM Geelong (1948-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 164, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio dealer (Geelong, 1954)

===''SEMMENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Segbert Cornwall Semmens|Semmens, George Segbert Cornwall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G744-HQ5] - 1901(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XJCY Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1913-1914); V756 Receive (1922); 3GZ Receive Buln Buln East (1922); 3GS Laver's Hill (1925-1926); 3GS Queenstown (1927); 3GS Moreland (1931); 3GS Foxhow (1933); Melbourne (Essendon (1937-1939); Glen Iris (1946-1960); Clematis, 1965-1975); 3AEN Melbourne (Clematis, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 216, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Coburg, 1928; Preston, 1931; Essendon, 1936); res. chemist (Glen Iris, 1943-1963); technical adviser (Clematis, 1968-1977)

===''SERLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Serle|Serle, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-SC8] - 1910(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1933; Toorak, 1938-1939; Elwood, 1946-1947); 3ARX Melbourne (Windsor, 1948-1956; Caulfield, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 443, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931-1934; Kew, 1936; Toorak, 1937; St Kilda, 1942; Prahran, 1949; Caulfield South, 1963-1972)

===''SEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Lambert Holt Sewell|Sewell, Percy Lambert Holt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDM1-YB1] - 1900(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Receive Sydney (Paddington, 1922); 2CJ Sydney (Paddington, 1922-1925; Darlinghurst, 1925-1926) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fire Station, Mittagong, 1930-1935; Mittagong, 1936-1937; Kempsey, 1943); installation inspector (Queanbeyan, 1949)

===''SEYLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Jakob Seyler|Seyler, Albert Jakob or Jacob]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-F5N] - 1913(Ger)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - WW2 (Luftwaffe); radar engineer; television researcher; PMGD Research Laboratories (Assistant Director General) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mt Waverley, 1963; Burwood, 1968); PMG (Croydon, 1972); assistant director (Emerald, 1977) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/seyler-albert-jakob-11660 ADB]

===''SHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Henry Shannon|Shannon, Francis Henry &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1991(Qld) - 4SN Allora (1938-1939), Tamborine (1946-1947), Minden (1948-1956), Ipswich (1960-191975), Toowoomba (1980+),  amateur operator (AOCP 2145, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster , radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, WIA, Qld Listeners' League), journalist (AR, VK4 Notes), occupation (school teacher)

===''SHARLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Henry Sharland|Sharland, Arthur Henry &quot;Chilla&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-ZKS] - 1909(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4SD Brisbane (Boondall, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Ekibin, 1954); 4SD Cloncurry (1955); 4SD Brisbane (Wynnum North, 1956); 4SD Rockhampton (1960); 4SD Yeppoon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1807, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless operator); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Boondall, Qld, 1937-1943); Commonwealth officer (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954); communications officer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1958-1963; Yeppoon, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (Causeway via Yeppoon, Qld, 1980)

===''SHARP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John James Charles Sharp|Sharp, John James Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-TZV] - 1897(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3KA Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 591, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Prahran Gardens, 1919-1924; Caulfield, 1928-1972)
===''SHARPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Victor Sharpe|Sharpe, Frank Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMD2-GVZ] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4AZ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1924-1929; Ashgrove, 1930-1937; Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 4ZFS Brisbane (Clayfield, 1975); 4FV Brisbane (Clayfield, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 20, 1924, No. 4 in Qld; AOCP Q112, 1975 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (RSQ, WIAQ); military (AMF) - Awards: C.M.G.; O.B.E. - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Wooloowin, 1925-1929); director (Ashgrove, 1934-1937); soldier (Ashgrove, 1943); machinist (likely typo for merchant) (Clayfield, 1949); merchant (Clayfield, 1954-1980)

===''SHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Shaw|Shaw, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-ZDZ] - 1872(NSW)-1916(Vic) - XPO King Island (1911); X?? Sydney (Randwick), early wireless experimenter, proprietor Maritime Wireless Telegraph Co of Australasia (1910+) with Edward Hope Kirkby, technical specialist - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/shaw-archibald-john-8404 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199003.pdf EA]
* [[/J. G. Shaw|Shaw, J. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Chelmer, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Raymond Herbert Preston Shaw|Shaw, Raymond Herbert Preston]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3J-J31] - 1901(Eng)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 2LY Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1922-1923); 2LY Sydney (Woolahra, 1924-1929; South Kensington, 1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 664, 1921 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kensington, 1930-1931; Vaucluse, 1932-1980)

===''SHAWSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Alan &quot;Smithy&quot; or Alan Shaw Smith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37T-B3Y] - 1917(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4SA Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1935-1939); 4SS Brisbane (West End, -1952-2010) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1582, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; historian (amateur); journalist; broadcast engineer (ABC2); public servant (ABC2) - Relationships: Father of 4JSS Steven Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Salisbury, Qld, 1943); radio mechanic (West End, Qld, 1949); builder (West End, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Steven Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Steven &quot;Steve&quot;]] - Licences: 4JSS Brisbane - Qualifications:  (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld) - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4SA-4SS Alan Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls:

===''SHEARER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Anderson Shearer|Shearer, Gordon Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5G-JW4] - 1907(Qld)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 4FU Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923-1924); 4GA Gayndah (1930); 4GA Mt Nebo (1931-1934); 4GA Cloncurry (Quamby, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 447, 1928, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 95, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (school teacher); state public servant (Qld Dept Education); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Quamby, Qld, 1937; Westbrook, Qld, 1943); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1949); communications officer (Cloncurry, 1954); supervisor (Surrey Hills, 1963-1968); retired (Vermont, 1972-1980)
===''SHEARSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Leonard Shearstone|Shearstone, Vincent Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G895-CYJ] - 1916(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: BOCP 4, 1936 - WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Albury, 1937); radio announcer (Goulburn, 1943); radio electrician (Goulburn, 1949-1980)
===''SHELDRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Cornwell Sheldrick|Sheldrick, Eric Cornwell &quot;Shel&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-X2X] - 1903(Eng)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7BH Receive Launceston (1923); 7BH Launceston (1924-1926); 7BT Launceston (1927); 7BM Launceston (1931-1939); 7DM Burnie (1948-1954); 7DN Stowport (1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 60, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Launceston, 1928-1943)
===''SHENTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Hilton Shenton|Shenton, Maurice Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67C-Q1B] - 1903(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Receive Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: irrigation ganger (Bald Hills, 1925); assistant stream gauger (North Ipswich, 1928); public servant (Annerley, 1937)
===''SHEPARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arundel Elmore Shepard|Shepard, Arundel Elmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8HX] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5DC Adelaide (Norwood, 1928-1930; Kent Town, 1931-1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Toorak East, 1946-1965; Heathpool, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 393, 1928, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 136, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHEPHERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. A. Shepherd|Shepherd, H. A.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQD Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHERRIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Sherriff|Sherriff, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K877-WTX] - 1904(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4SU Brisbane (Fairfield, 1935-1937; Hawthorne, 1938-1939; Brisbane City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1464, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brisbane South, Qld, 1928); instructor of printing (Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''SHIELDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Edward Shields|Shields, Arthur James Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBCT-D5G] - 1894(Eng)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3GP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1939; North Balwyn, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 690, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (East Melbourne, 1925-1927; Malvern East, 1928; Camberwell, 1931-1933); auditor (Malvern East, 1934-1936); retired (Ringwood, 1943)

===''SHOEMAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Shoemaker|Shoemaker, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G828-7LL] - 1879(USA)-1932(USA) - American inventor and pioneer radio engineer, developer of Shoemaker wireless system, associated with Gehring companies, International Telegraph Construction Co (represented in Australia by John William Ormsby Hamilton, who promoted the Shoemaker system here), United Wireless Telegraph Co, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co of America, Mallory companies - Links: [[w:Harry Shoemaker|Wikipedia]]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0026.pdf PIRE1]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0027.pdf PIRE2]
===''SHORING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Samuel Shoring|Shoring, Thomas Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-NDG] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4SR Bundaberg (1937-1939; 4SR Brisbane (New Farm, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1872, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Bundaberg, Qld, 1936-1937); salesman (Bundaberg, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (New Farm, Qld, 1954; Holland Park, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''SHORT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Alban Short|Short, Alfred Alban]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTS-9QQ] - 1904(NSW)-1946(NT) - Licences: 2SH Newcastle (Lambton, 1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 280, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Lambton, 1930-1943)
* [[/Ormond Short|Short, Ormond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VHH-SGM] - 1901(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3SK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1928; Horsham, 1931-1972); engineer (Horsham, 1977)
* [[/Walter Short|Short, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AJ Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922); 2AJ Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924; Kirribilli, 1924; Manly, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Note: several contemporaneous WSs, insufficient data to identify
* [[/William Newton Short|Short, William Newton &quot;Newt&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G97J-HMM] - 1897(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2ARA Sydney (Auburn, 1948-1954; Beacon Hill, 1955-1958; Auburn, 1960-1961; Beacon Hill, 1965); 2AOW Sydney (Auburn, 1957-1958) - Qualifications: AOCP 2829, 1948, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Ulmarra, 1930-1934); shopkeeper (Coraki, 1935-1936); munition worker (Mayfield, 1943); machinist (Auburn, 1949-1958); inspector (Beacon Hill, 1963)

===''SHORTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Charles Shortell|Shortell, Raymond Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYMQ-4HQ] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Qld) - 3VB Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3RS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1933), 3RS Shepparton (1937-1939), 3ARF Geelong West (1948-1954), 3ARF Melbourne (Croydon, 1955-1960; Hawthorn, 1965-1975), 4ARS Gold Coast (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 77, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''SHORTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eddy Wilbee Shorten|Shorten, Eddy Wilbee or Welbee or Wiebec &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWN4-MZM] - 1899(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4TS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 908, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor) - Comment: Middle name variable; Birth Welbee; Marriage Wiebec; Death Wilbe; AOCP Wilbee - Electoral Rolls:
===''SHORTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Shortt|Shortt, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4HF Camooweal (1933-1939); 5SR Tennant Creek (1947-1948); 5SR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1954; New Hindmarsh, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1193, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SIBLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC5R-MH6] - 1897(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: XYX Perth (North Perth, 1913-1914); 6AF Receive Perth (City, 1923); 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1923-1924; Inglewood, 1924); 2SB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly; brother of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: insurance clerk (North Perth, 1919-1922); manager (Albion, Qld, 1936; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1937; Rose Bay, NSW, 1943-1958); retired (Rose Bay, 1963-1972)
* [[/Clifton Archibald Sibly|Sibly, Clifton Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K41R-3JQ] - 1894(SA)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 225, 1915 - likely early wireless experimenter with brother Arthur's licence - Relationships: brother of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; uncle of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly - Electoral Rolls: farrier (North Perth, 1915-1937)
* [[/Sydney Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Sydney Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKF-F7R] - 1926(NSW)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 2ASY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1954; Kingsgrove, 1957-1965); 3AUV Melbourne (Eltham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 945, 1945; BOCP 1049, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; nephew of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: communications officer (Kingsgrove, 1958-1963); clerk (Eltham, Vic, 1968-1977; Queanbeyan, 1980)

===''SIDEBOTTOM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Geoffrey Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-KGH] - 1902(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: 7BB Receive Launceston (1922); Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of 7SK Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1928-1954) 
* [[/Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Maxwell Douglas Langford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-5QY] - 1922(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7SK Hobart (Newtown, 1948); 7SK Howrah (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2830, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; WW2 - Relationships: son of 7BB Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: sound engineer (New Town, 1949); mechanic (Bateau Bay, NSW, 1980)
===''SIDEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Longfield Sidey|Sidey, Robert Longfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-3P6] - 1874(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Lindfield, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2CB James Douglas Kay Sidey - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Lindfield, 1930-1949)
* [[/James Douglas Kay Sidey|Sidey, James Douglas Kay or Douglas James Kay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-35P] - 1904(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Receive Sydney (Lindfield, 1922-1923); 2CB Sydney (Lindfield, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2ZY Robert Longfield Sidey - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Bethungra, 1943-1949); no occupation (Junee, 1954)

===''SIEVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest William Sievers|Sievers, Ernest William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNJD-8MJ] - 1901(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1165, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 9, 1934; 1COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Kelvin Grove, 1925); night officer (Oakey, 1930); railway night officer (Narangba, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Ascot, 1943; Clayfield, 1949-1958)
* [[/William Frederick Sievers|Sievers, William Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-NDS] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3CB Receive Melbourne (East Richmond, 1922-1923); 3CB Melbourne (East Richmond &amp; South Yarra, 1924-1939, 1946-1960; Toorak, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 165, 1925, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Richmond, 1931-1943); reader (South Yarra, 1949-1963); meter reader (Toorak, 1972-1980)

===''SIGAL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Louis Sigal|Sigal, Harold Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ4R-XFJ] - 1908(SA)-1939(NSW) - Licences: 2UK Sydney (Woollahra, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 253, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Woollahra, 1930); engineer (Melbourne East, 1931); electrician (Auburn North, 1933; Centennial Park, 1934; Bondi, 1936-1937; West Perth, 1943; Woolowin, 1949; Bellevue Hill, 1954; Kensington, 1958); manager (Bondi, 1963); salesman (Bondi, 1968); retired (Vaulcuse, 1977-1980)
===''SIGMONT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Sigmont|Sigmont, Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD58-221] - 1883(NSW)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 3AH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Auburn, Vic, 1917; Elsternwick, 1924-1937; Seaford, 1942);

===''SILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Clive Silby|Silby, Arthur Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8B6-PSD] - 1894(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Australian Wireless Squadron) [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911865/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-embarkation-roll/] - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Exeter, 1939-1943)

===''SILVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Leslie Silver|Silver, Frank Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94HC-LTV] - 1904(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4FL Brisbane (Morningside, 1938-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2086, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Morningside, Qld, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Simmonds|Simmonds, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DL-234] - 1906(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2GS Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1934); 2GS Murwillumbah (1935-1939); 4PG Bundaberg (1946-1948); 2APJ Sydney (Cronulla, 1954-1955; Caringbah, 1956-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 590, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 207, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Arncliffe, 1933); gardner (Arncliffe, 1935); radio engineer (Murwillumbah, 1935-1937); technician (4BU Kalkie, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ernest John Simmonds|Simmonds, Ernest John]] - 19??(Eng)-19??(Eng) - G2OD Gerrard's Cross, Buckinghamshire, England, amateur operator, first to two way QSO Australia (Nov 1924, 3BQ)

===''SIMMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Trethowan Simmons|Simmons, Henry Trethowan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4M3-BP4] - 1905(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6KX Perth (Subiaco, 1925-1928; Mt Lawley, 1931-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; West Perth, 1954-1955; Mt Pleasant, 1956-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 181, 1925, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1121, 1928; 2COCP 295, 1930; 1COCP 257, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maylands, 1931), radio engineer (Nedlands, 1936; West Perth, 1949), engineer (Fremantle, 1958; Mt Pleasant, 1963-1980)
* [[/Leonard Joseph Simmons|Simmons, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBM-SKH] - 1907(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3LJ Melbourne (Belgrave, 1926-1931; East Prahran, 1933); 3LJ Rheola (1937-1939); 3LV Trafalgar (1948); 3LV Cheltenham (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 304, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Womerah, Yarram Yarram, 1928; Toolangi, Yea, 1931; Armadale, 1934-1936; Rheola, Bendigo, 1936-1937; Nanneela West, Bendigo, 1942; Cheltenham, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Wilkinson Simms|Simms, Eric Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XZ-9RN] - 1906(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Malvern, 1927-1931; Caulfield, 1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 360, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Malvern, 1931); buyer (Caulfield, 1934; Hawthorn, 1936-1937); manager (Malvern East, 1949-1980)
===''SIMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Robert Simpson|Simpson, Leslie Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-4VD] - 1901(WA)-1966(Vic) - 3SA Ararat (1925-1933), 3SA Melbourne (Windsor, 1947-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 44, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draper, salesman
* [[/Harry Blythe Simpson|Simpson, Harry Blythe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-CZ3] - 1920(???)-2013(WA) - Licences: 6HS Perth (Leederville, 1937-1939; Mt Lawley, 1947-1948; Nedlands, 1954-1969; Lesmurdie, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2060, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Claremont, WA, 1949-1968); marketing manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1972); manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1977-1980)

===''SIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Sims|Sims, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MK-NXC] - 1907(WA)-1992(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 344, 1927, No. 38 in Qld; 2COCP 16, 1934 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (RAAF Point Cook, 1931-1934); QANTAS air pilot (Brisbane, 1936-1937); public servant (Box Hill, 1963) - Comment: several contemporaneous Eric Charles Sims, need to sort electoral rolls
* [[/Ernest Leslie Arthur Sims|Sims, Ernest Leslie Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ6H-6PF] - 1905(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (Preston, 1930-1933); 3ZA Apollo Bay (1937-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 622, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Preston, 1931; Apollo Bay, 1933-1937; Preston, 1942; Apollo Bay, 1949-1954)

===''SINGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Paul Singleton|Singleton, Claude Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4JR-4SV] - 1914(WA)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4UX Theodore (1936-1939); 4UX Bundaberg (1946-1947); 4UX Stanthorpe (1948); 4UX Atherton (1954-1955); 4UX Malanda (1956); 4UX Ayr (1960); 4UX Childers (1965); 4UX St George (1969); 4UX Gracemere (1975); 4UX Dalby (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1638, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4QW, 4QO, 4QW, 4RK, 4QS); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Theodore, Qld, 1936-1937); radio mechanic (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Yungaburra, Qld, 1954); public servant (Gracemere, Qld, 1972)

===''SIRL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Charles Sirl|Sirl, Clarence William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89J-9LJ] - 1913(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6XG Katanning (1938-1939; 1947-1969) - Qualifications: BOCP 3, 1936; AOCP 2132, 1938, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Katanning, 1937-1968)

===''SLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Irwin Slade|Slade, Charles Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDN1-G28] - 1921(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3PZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1938-1939, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2172, 1938, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1954); medical practitioner (St Kilda, 1967-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Charles William Slade|Slade, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH3R-28W] - 1893(Eng)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2SX Sydney (Croydon, 1925-1939, 1946-1961 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; English PMG Certificate 1st class - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAN, 1909-1924); Wireless Weekly (technical editor, 1925-1928); Daily Telegraph (radio &amp; technical editor, 1928-1929); Keogh Radio (engineer, 1929-1930); Croydon Radio (proprietor, 1930-1933+) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer, R.A.N. (Croydon, 1943-1958)
===''SLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. F. Slater|Slater, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Sheffield (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harold Ivan Slater|Slater, Harold Ivan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDT3-7JP] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Kelso (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: pastoralist (Kelso, Tas, 1919); labourer (Maypole Hotel, New Town, Tas); no occupation (Middle Park, Vic, 1926); airman (Point Cook, Vic, 1927; Middle Park, 1931); traveller (Elsternwick, 1936-1968)
===''SLATTERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-KHF] - 1866(Irl)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St John's College, Camperdown; St Vincent's, Ashfield, 1930) - Links: [[w:Joseph Patrick Slattery|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/slattery-joseph-patrick-8453 ADB]
* [[/Joseph Samuel Francis Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Samuel Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVN-SSF] - 1894(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 50, 1915; CPRT 167, 1915; 2COCP 324, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1916; Esperance, WA, 1916; RAN radio station, Geraldton, 1917); travelling salesman (Stanthorpe, 1928-1930); traveller (Tamworth, 1932-1933; Woollahra, NSW, 1933-1935); commercial traveller (New Farm, 1936; Hamilton, Qld, 1937; Fairfield, Qld, 1949; West Sydney, 1949-1954); radio officer (Mascot, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''SMART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Smart|Smart, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHD-TNH] - 1891(NZ)-1980(NZ) - Licences: 4SM Barcaldine (1936-1937); 4SM Paterson (1938-1939); 4SM Longreach (1946-1948); 4SM Cairns (Cairns City, 1954-1956; Freshwater, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1625, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boiler attendant (Dunevia Station, Blackhall, Qld, 1913); motor engineer (Aramac, Qld, 1916-1925; Barcaldine, 1928-1937); freeholder (Longreach, Qld, 1943); mechanic (Longreach, Qld, 1949); farmer (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (Freshwater, Qld, 1963-1972; Cairns, Qld, 1977)

===''SMELLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ellis Henry Smellie|Smellie, Ellis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-FDM] - 1893(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 218, 1930; 1COCP 240, 1931 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Applecross, 1925; Geraldton, 1931; Broome, 1936); telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949); radio officer (Caulfield, Vic, 1954; Blackburn, 1963-1980)

===''SMIBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, George]] - 1840(Sct)-1899(Vic) - clubs (founding member Telegraph Electrical Society Vic), employment (Postal Department Vic, chief electrician), brother of James Smibert Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, James]] - 1836(Sct)-1912(Vic) - employment (Postal Department Vic, Deputy Postmaster-General, appointed following early passing of Samuel Walker McGowan), created a nepotism scandal by early promotion of brother and brother-in-law to the most senior positions in Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs in the early 1890s, likely reason for the positioning of Qld appointees at the top of the Federal PMGD in 1901; the brother of George Smibert Chief Electrician, Postal Dept Vic

===''SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Smith, Alan Shaw - See Alan Shawsmith (change of name)
* [[/Arthur Carrington Smith|Smith, Arthur Carrington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKV-VL2] - 1902(Tas)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Receive Launceston (1923); 7AB Launceston (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 8, 1924, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 930, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (operator 7BN Wills &amp; Co wannabe Class B); recording engineer (Cinesound Productions Ltd, Bondi, 1932); inventor of sound-on-film systems - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Launceston, 1928); recording engineer (Bronte, 1931-1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); recording engineer (Clovelly, 1943-1949; Waverley, 1963-1968); engineer (Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Austen Cyril Smith|Smith, Austen Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6N-JKF] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2FS Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1925; Burwood, 1925; Maroubra, 1930-1933; Homebush, 1933; Burwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 75, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio agent - Electoral Rolls: radio agent (Burwood, 1934-1937); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Burwood, 1958-1963); retired (Lower Hawkesbury, 1972-1980)
* [[/C. Smith|Smith, C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BA Receive Stanley (1922); Receive Stanley (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Cedric Preston Smith|Smith, Cedric Preston or Preston-Smith, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BB-X47] - 1907(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Cremorne, 1924); 2QK Sydney (Manly, 1935-1936; Balgowlah, 1937; Lane Cove, 1938-1939); 2CD Sydney (Cremorne, 1958-1961; Palm Beach, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank accountant (Binnaway, 1930); bank officer (Manly, 1932; Balgowlah, 1934-1937; South Melbourne, Vic, 1943-1949); bank manager (Ballarat, 1954; Cremorne, 1958-1963); retired (Palm Beach, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Smith|Smith, Charles Frederick]] - 1908(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: No licence yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 418, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1112, 1928; 2COCP 44, 1929 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Several contemporaneous Charles Frederick Smith's, not yet identified
* [[/Colin Hughes Smith|Smith, Colin Hughes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YH-LLB] - 1910(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PK Melbourne (East Kew, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 433, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kew, 1931-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1980)
* [[/Herbert Henry Baker Smith|Smith, Herbert Henry Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFN-H6R] - 19??(???)-1932(Qld) - Licences: 4DP Receive Cairns (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Cairns, Qld, 1925-1930)
* [[/J. H. Smith|Smith, J. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EA Receive Beenleigh (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Albert Malcolm Smith|Smith, John Albert Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L264-537] - 1911(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5JR Adelaide (St Peters, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1375, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/P. W. Smith|Smith, P. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EF Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Sidney Hugh Holland Smith|Smith, Sidney Hugh Holland]] - 1861(???)-1933(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, senior state public servant (Qld P&amp;T, Chief Mechanician), senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Mechanician, Qld), radio clubs (QWI, vice president), business proprietor (Telephone and Electrical Supplies Co)
* [[/Stuart Disney Paull Smith|Smith, Stuart (Birth) or Stewart (Electoral Rolls) Disney Paull or Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDB-8D8] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4LA Brisbane (Corinda, 1934-1939); 4LA Amberley (1946-1948); 4LA Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1303, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor); military (RAAF, navigator); broadcast technician (4BC); Dept Education (O/C Radio) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Corinda, Qld, 1936-1949); radio technician (New Farm, Qld, 1949); maintenance officer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1963); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Sydney Smith|Smith, Sydney]] - 1856(NSW)-1934(NSW) - senior state politician (NSW MLA), senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1904-1905)
* [[/Wilfred Smith|Smith, Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRQ-PQ1] - 1896(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 602, 1921; 2COCP 419, 1941; 1COCP 882, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/William Arthur Smith|Smith, William Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCX-XL9] - 1906(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5LZ Wallaroo (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 526, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Glenunga, 1939-1943) - beware several contemporaneous William Arthur Smith's
* [[/William Henry Smith|Smith, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2V-L4R] - 1911(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5SW Adelaide (Woodville, 1937-1939, 1947-1956); 5ASW Adelaide (Woodville, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1996, 1937, SA; BOCP 431, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WHSs - Electoral Rolls: operator (Woodville, SA, 1939)
* [[/W. J. Smith|Smith, W. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: N758 Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922); 2IC Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SMITHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Charles Smithers|Smithers, Ernest Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z1-GQ1] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 552, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector of fisheries (Urunga, 1930); inspector (Burwood, 1930-1949)

===''SMYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Walter Smyth|Smyth, Cedric Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1C-4MX] - 1916(WA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 7CD Devonport (1933-1939); 3ACH Melbourne (Doncaster East, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1133, 1933, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Preston, Vic, 1942-1949); engineer (Doncaster East, 1954-1977)
* [[/Victor Loftus Smyth|Smyth, Victor Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-P8L] - 1905(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Receive Geelong (1923); 3PJ Geelong (1924); 3PJ Bendigo (1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 126, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Bendigo, 1928-1972)
===''SMYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Cresswell Smythe|Smythe, Alan (BMD) or Allan (Electoral Rolls) Cresswell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JQ-V9V] - 1908(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: 5MF Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Hazlewood Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 658, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 135, 1933; BOCP 125, 1937; 1COCP 196, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''SNADDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Ernest Snaddon|Snaddon, John Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLF-B75] - 1920(Eng)-1944(Aegean Sea) - Licences: 3VE Melbourne (Malvern, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2322, 1939, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 459 Squadron, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/snaddon-john-ernest-409361/]
===''SNAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Leslie Snaith|Snaith, Samuel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-2S8] - 1901(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ZR Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1926; Newport, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 166, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1924-1928; Newport, 1931-1954)
===''SNAPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fairlie Roger de Burgh Snape|Snape, Fairlie Roger de Burgh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-B1V] - 1900(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NU Receive Quirindi (1923); 4JK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 695, 1922; 2COCP 340, 1931; 1COCP 221, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Quirindi, 1930); wireless operator (Quirindi, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Killara, 1949-1968); engineer (Killara, 1980)
===''SNOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Charles Snook|Snook, Keith Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTG-Z2D] - 1908(Tas)-1946(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Hobart North, 1936); motor mechanic (Hobart Central, 1937)
===''SNOSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Raymond Snoswell|Snoswell, Alfred Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NWH-MCT] - 1899(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5AD Adelaide (Exeter, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Largs, 1939-1943)

===''SODEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander William Soden|Soden, Alexander William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-7M1] - 1909(Qld)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4AS Brisbane (Annerley, 1930-1939; Yeerongpilly, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 634, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1943)
===''SOUMPROU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emile Walter Soumprou|Soumprou, Emile Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZZF-SX7] - 1906(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3WK Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1931; North Fitzroy, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; East Brighton, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 511, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Northcote, 1936-1937); retired (Fitzroy North, 1942-1949); Elsternwick, 1954)
===''SOUTHWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Lindsay Southwell|Southwell, Clifford Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-FDF] - 1897(???)-1973(NSW) - 2SW Sydney (Cremorne, 1925-1926; Northbridge, 1927-1929; Brighton-Le-Sands, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1933-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 131, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Army, Private) &amp; WW2 (Australian Army, colonel), sales manager (1954)
* [[/Leslie William Douglas Southwell|Southwell, Leslie William Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WXT-S8L] - 1900(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3SL Seymour (1924-1939, 1946-1954); 3SL Melbourne (Montrose, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 250, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Seymour, 1931-1954)
* [[/Noel Leslie Southwell|Southwell, Noel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-ZJW] - 1919(NSW)-1998(NSW) - 2ZF Sydney (Leichhardt, 1935-1939, 1946-1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980+), qualifications (AOCP 1565, 1935, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 149, 1937), amateur operator, broadcast technician (1949), QSL collection survives ARDXC/NFSA

===''SPARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Spark|Spark, John]] - 1879(USA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AC Perth (City, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Fremantle, 1917); civil servant (West Perth, 1921) - Comment: identification not certain
===''SPEDDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Spedding|Spedding, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ82-ZCM] - 1897(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 4DU Receive Brandon (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Brandon, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Lakemba, NSW, 1932-1958)

===''SPENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Keith Spence|Spence, Edward Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBYN-S3H] - 1908(Qld)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 4DT Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Union Bank, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 1930; Wellington, NSW, 1934); bank officer (Bondi, NSW, 1936; Rose Bay, NSW, 1937; Epping, NSW, 1943-1949; Northbridge, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1980)
* [[/William Guthrie Spence|Spence, William Guthrie]] - 1846(Sco)-1926(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1914-1915)
===''SPENCER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derek David Spencer|Spencer, Derek David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSW-N55] - 1909(Eng)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 3DS Melbourne (Altona, 1934-1937); 6DS Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1280, 1934, Vic; AOLCP 157, 1934; 2COCP 55, 1936; 1COCP 111, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Ulverstone, Tas, 1954; Leven, Tas, 1963); farmer (Gawler, Tas, 1972)

===''SPERRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred John Sperring|Sperring, Wilfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KVLY-JPK] - 1917(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6SP Perth (Victoria Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Belmont, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1920, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Victoria Park, WA, 1943); mechanic (Victoria Park, WA, 1949); radio engineer (Belmont, WA, 1954-1963)

===''SPICER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Spicer|Spicer, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88M-KKY] - 1910(Eng)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1929-1931; East Malvern, 1933; North Fitzroy, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 554, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1934); constable (Port Melbourne, 1936; Fitzroy, 1937-1954; Carlton South, 1967-1968); retired (Hurstbridge, Vic, 1977-1980) 
===''SPITZKOWSKY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Royston Stanley Spitzkowsky|Spitzkowsky, Max Royston Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYD-23H] - 1904(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1926-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 302, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Hamilton, 1932-1972)
===''SPOTSWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Ernest Spotswood|Spotswood, Cyril Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-4GM] - 1897(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: Receive Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Burnie, 1936-1943); fettler (Burnie, 1949-1954)
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7C] - 1892(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Poopoonbah via Giru (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1356, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: second YL operator in Qld - Relationships: Wife of 4JK Jack Lawrence Humphry - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Ching Do Siding, Ayr, Qld, 1919-1936; Giru, Qld, 1937-1949; Poopoonbah, Qld, 1954; St Lucia, Qld, 1958-1972)

===''SPRENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Ernest Sprenger|Sprenger, Herbert Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQD-2CJ] - 1914(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4ES Bundaberg (1932-1939); 4ES Brisbane (New Farm, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, 1955-1960; Rainworth, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 1064, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 165, 1938; 1COCP 530, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); state public servant (Qld Police, radio comms) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bundaberg, 1936-1937); police constable (New Farm, Qld, 1943-1949); sergeant police (Holland Park, Qld, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1958); sub-inspector police (Rainworth, Qld, 1963-1968); police officer (Rainworth, Qld, 1972); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SPURRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Charles Spurrier|Spurrier, Leonard Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTY1-WZJ] - 1904(Wales)-1984(SA) - Licences: S382 Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1922); 5AL Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Clarence Park, 1939-1941; Eden Hills, 1943)

===''SQUIRES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Squires|Squires, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-3GW] - 1909(WA)-1972(???) - Licences: 6JS Perth (Cannington, 1929-1939; Como, 1946-1956; Nedlands, 1960; West Leederville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 510, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cannington, 1931-1936); sales manager (Midland Junction, 1937; South Perth, 1943-1954); manager (Subiaco, 1963); business manager (West Kalamunda, 1968)

===''ST JOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Clive Bolingbroke St John|St John, Henry Clive Bolingbroke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTN-PV8] - 1895(Eng)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2RX Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2RX Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1939; Northbridge, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 258, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: reader (Rockdale, 1930-1936; Northbridge, 1943-1963)

===''STACEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Keith Stacey|Stacey, Howard Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3TY-D8M] - 1907(NSW)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5XA Adelaide (Firle, 1934-1937; Knightsbridge, 1938-1939; Leabrook, 1947-1956; Glynde, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1360, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Burnside, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Roy Ernest Stacey|Stacey, Roy Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDT-PNR] - 1902(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RS Proserpine (1933-1939, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1187, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: office assistant (Bauple, Qld, 1925); clerk (Proserpine, Qld, 1928-1972)

===''STACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Patrick Charles Stack|Stack, Robert Patrick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-Y2K] - 1904(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4TK Innisfail (1936-1939, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1742, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: hairdresser (Innisfail, Qld, 1930-1932); stationer (Innisfail, Qld, 1936-1943)

===''STACKPOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Julian Stackpole|Stackpole, Peter Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-H8N] - 1947(Vic)-2004(ACT) - Licences: 3ZQS Melbourne (North Clayton, 1980+; 1RX Canberra, 1990s); Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 2203, 1966; AOCP N1856, 1988 - amateur operator; broadcast planning engineer (P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA, ACA) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Hampton, 1972); technical officer (Clayton, 1977-1980)
===''STAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hurst William Stafford|Stafford, John Hurst William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV6P-XSJ] - 1901(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Receive Ipswich (Ebbw Vale, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ebbw Vale, 1925-1928; Booval, 1932-1949); engineer (East Ipswich, 1958-1963); retired (Mansfield, 1977-1980)
===''STANFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Roy Stanfield|Stanfield, Clifford Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQXR-9GG] - 1900(NSW)-1991(NSW) - Licences: N744 Receive Newcastle (1922); 2HX Receive Newcastle (1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 383, 1918; 2COCP 136, 1930; 1COCP 140, 1930 - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Randwick, 1930; Maroubra, 1932-1968); retired (Blaxland, 1977-1980)
===''STANLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. M. Stanley|Stanley, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2JS Receive Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1922-1923); 2JS Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1924); Orange (1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 100, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; newsagent (Leura, late 1920s) - Identification: Not yet identified (possibly James Melville Stanley, electrician, Lockhart, 1930) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''STAPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Stapleton|Stapleton, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-R9P] - 1915(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5KY Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1314, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Cook, SA, 1941-1944)

===''STARKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Starkie|Starkie, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBS-NCY] - 1906(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4NW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 306, 1926, No. 30 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Nundah, 1928-1937); warehouse assistant (Holland Park, 1943); manager (Wavell Heights, 1949); agent (Toowong, 1954-1958); manufacturer's agent (Kenmore, 1963); agent (Tennyson, 1968-1972); retired (The Gap, 1977; North Tamborine, 1980)

===''STARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Starr|Starr, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-LC4] - 1916(Qld)-1940(off Qld coast) - Licences: 4FS Stanthorpe (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1930, 1937, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 23 Squadron, Aircraftsman Class 1) - Electoral Rolls: baker (Stanthorpe, 1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1719163]

===''STEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey William Ashcroft Steane|Steane, Geoffrey William Ashcroft]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCF-JWV] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3UX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 775, 1923; 2COCP 330, 1931 -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mont Albert, Vic, 1931); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1937); radio engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1949); television engineer (Double Bay, NSW, 1954); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1954)

===''STEELE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rowland Edward James Steele|Steele, Rowland Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-2ZM] - 1904(Tas)-1987(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hobart West, 1928); dairyman (West Hobart, 1937-1972)

===''STEPHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Goldsmith Stephen|Stephen, Percy Goldsmith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2J-HVR] - 1896(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZB Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1925); 2PS Sydney (Balmain, 1926; Granville, 1927-1930; Lidcombe, 1931-1936; Croydon, 1937-1939; Five Dock, 1946-1958; Condell Park, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Granville, 1930); electrician (Lakemba, 1930; Lidcombe, 1932-1936); electrical fitter (Five Dock, 1943-1958); fitter (Condell Park, 1968-1972)
===''STEPHENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Nelson Stephens|Stephens, Arthur Nelson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G941-3F1] - 1886(Eng)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1922); 4CG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923-1925); Operator of 4AE - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draughtsman (North Carlton, Vic, 1912-1914); engineer (Wireless Station, Pinkenba, 1915-1919; Clayfield, 1925-1928); hotel keeper (Palm Beach Hotel, Elanora, 1932-1934; Grand Hotel, Southport, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Southport, 1949); secretary (Main Beach, 1954-1958; Southport East, 1963-1968)
* [[/Frank Richmond Stephens|Stephens, Frank Richmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-MLM] - 1897(Qld)-1977(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 452, 1919 - RANRS - Electoral Rolls:  naval reservist (New Farm, 1921); farm hand (Wamuran, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (New Farm, 1925-1937); radio mechanic (New Farm, Qld, 1943); agent (New Farm, Qld, 1949); caretaker (Brisbane, 1954-1958); retired (Bowen Hills, 1963; Coolangatta, 1968-1972)
* [[/Harry James Milne Stephens|Stephens, Harry James Milne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYC-KQH] - 1900(WA)-1982(WA) - Licences: 6ZZ Perth (South Perth, 1935-1939; Bassendean, 1947-1960; Eden Hill, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1530, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Albany, WA, 1925); railway employee (Katanning, WA, 1931-1936); storekeeper (Fremantle, WA, 1937); aircraftsman (Bassendean, WA, 1943-1963); railway employee (Eden Hill, WA, 1968-1972); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Stephens|Stephens, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-35G] - 1912(Vic)-1944(Sct) - Licences: 3GO Melbourne (Essendon, 1931-1933) - qualifications: AOCP 489, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1944) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Essendon, 1936-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/stephens-thomas-418036/]
* [[/Thomas Blacket Stephens|Stephens, Thomas Blacket or Blackett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9WG-Y5P] - 1902(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 309, 1926, No. 31 in Qld - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: articled law clerk (Annerley, 1925-1928); solicitor (Annerley, 1934; Fortitude Valley, 1936-1937; Clayfield, 1949-1968); retired (St Lucia, 1972-1980)

===''STEPHENSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Wilfred Stephenson|Stephenson, Charles Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-M7F] - 1905(Qld)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother); 2BWQ Sydney (Blacktown, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 282, 1926, No. 25 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, operator 4WN; WIAQ, operator 4AE); broadcast technician (4QG); business proprietor (cinema audio) - Relationships: brother of 4RG Harold John Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Pymble, NSW, 1932-1933); sound engineer (Capertee, NSW, 1936-1937); panel beater (Bourke, NSW, 1943); mechanic (Capertee, NSW, 1949-1954; Maroubra, NSW, 1958); autoelectrician (Blacktown, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Blacktown, NSW, 1980) 
* [[/Harold John Stephenson|Stephenson, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-9M3] - 1903(Qld)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 290, 1926, No. 27 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 4RG/2BWQ Charles Wilfred Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Wooloowin, Qld, 1925-1943); sheet metal worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); engineer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); aircraft mechanic (Maroubra, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''STEVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edgar F. Stevens|Stevens, Albert Edgar F. &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH4H-N2D] - 1894(Vic)-1954(WA) - 6BN Perth (North Perth, 1924-1927; South Perth, 1930-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 136, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telephone mechanic (1925)
* [[/Frederick William Stevens|Stevens, Frederick William]] - 1898-19?? - 4SP Brisbane, amateur operator (PRTC 788, 1923, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP, 1930, Qld), Coastal wireless operator; first chief engineer 4QG, state public servant (4QG), pilot (Qantas), federal public servant (DCA)
* [[/Robert Edward Stevens|Stevens, Robert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZMF] - 1908(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7OJ Deloraine (1931-1933); 3OJ Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 817, 1931, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Auburn, Vic, 1931; Burwood, 1937-1980)

===''STEWART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Barnett Stewart|Stewart, Alexander Barnett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHBR-VND] - 1895(Sct)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4DD Receive Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Oondooroo, Qld, 1919); farmer (Palmwoods, Qld, 1921-1925); orderman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1928); truck driver (Eight Mile Plains, Qld, 1936-1937); foreman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Donald Richardson Stewart|Stewart, Donald Richardson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94CC-2MT] - 1902(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: V739 Receive Lorne (1922); 3GS Receive Lorne (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Lorne, 1925-1954); guest house proprietor (Lorne, 1967-1968); proprietor (Lorne, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Edgar Stewart|Stewart, John Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-3JC] - 1884(NSW)-1957(NSW) - Licences: 2MR Newcastle (Mayfield, 1923-1929; Hamilton, 1930); 2MR Sydney (Chatswood, 1931); 4MR Brisbane (Nundah, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2MR Waratah (1954-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Commonwealth Electoral Commission (Chief Electoral Officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Arncliffe, 1913); District Returning Officer (Mayfield, 1930); Commonwealth Electoral Officer (Nundah, Qld, 1937-1949); retired (Waratah, 1954)
* [[/Henry Stewart|Stewart, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXS7-R71] - 1896(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 234, 1916; 1COCP 318, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous HSs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Alfred Stewart|Stewart, William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBZ-4XJ] - 1910(WA)-2020(WA)109yo - Licences: 6ST Perth (West Leederville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1958, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balkatta, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1937); salesman (Wembley Park, WA, 1943; Leederville, WA, 1949); technician (Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley Park, WA, 1968; Floreat Park, WA, 1972-1980) - Links: [https://gerontology.fandom.com/wiki/William_Stewart Gerontology]

===''STIPEK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stipek|Stipek, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-XL1] - 1898(NSW)-1974(Florida, USA) - Licences: 7BE Receive St Helens (1923); Receive St Helens (1923); 7BE St Helens (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMG telegraph messenger, left PMGD 1920; first to log KGO in Tas - Comment: beware two other John Stipek's concurrently in Tas, 1920s - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (St Helens, 1919); clerk (St Helens, 1922)
===''STITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt|Stitt, Walter Hugh Rankin Jnr &quot;Hughie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBX-L5G] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2WH Forbes (1925-1969+), 2ARN Forster (1965-1969+),  amateur operator (AOCP 196, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, &quot;brother-in-law&quot; of Leslie Maclean Wilson 2LM, note his father also Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt and lived in same district

===''STOCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel Alan John Stocks|Stocks, Daniel Alan John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-R5P] - 1897(Vic)-1933(Vic) - 3DJ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927; Surrey Hills, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 144, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrical engineer, gone too soon
===''STOCKTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stockton|Stockton, Norman]] - 1904(WA)-1943(Germany) - 4NQ Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, press correspondent), journalist, &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''STOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Frederick Stow|Stow, Allen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WR-7GG] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3AS Melbourne (North Carlton,1928-1931; North Fitzroy, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Northcote, 1948-1965); 3AFS Portable Melbourne (Northcote, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 441, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton North, 1931; Fitzroy North, 1934-1942)
===''STOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Alfred Stowe|Stowe, Harry Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBJ-YTW] - 1892(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: XAS Sydney (Drummoyne, 1911-1914); 2CX Receive Sydney (Chatswood, 1922-1923); 2CX Sydney (Chatswood, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 19, 1924, No. 9 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, 1930-1958); retired (Frenchs Forest, 1968-1977)
===''STOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Bickley Stoyle|Stoyle, Jack Bickley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM1Z-JWV] - 1881(India)-1966(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 91, 1915; 1COCP 55, 1930 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920); AWA CRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1917); radio station master (Darwin, 1922; Kilkenny, 1939-1943)

===''STRAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Michael Strafford|Strafford, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ2K-LBX] - 1900(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5JS Adelaide (Stepney, 1936-1939; City, 1947-1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1710, 1936, SA; BOCP 514, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''STRATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Stephen Stratford|Stratford, Leo Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-HRX] - 1915(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4AE Goondiwindi (1936-1939); 4LS Goondiwindi (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1678, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1936-1949); radio dealer (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1954-1958); electrician (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1968); refrigeration mechanic (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1980)

===''STREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot; - See Florence Madeline Mackenzie 4YL
===''STREET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frederick Street|Street, Reginald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW5S-Z4L] - 1900(Tas)-1927(Tas) - Licences: 7BD Receive Hobart (1923); Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Hobart West, 1922)
===''STROHFELDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Strohfeldt|Strohfeldt or Strofeldt, Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVWD-W9Z] - 1904(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4GS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1041, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: licensed for 5 years after passing - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Roma, 1926); telegraphist (Charleville, 1928-1930); Paddington, Qld, 1936-1937); assistant radio inspector (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943)

===''STUART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Stuart|Stuart, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSH-RPC] - 1895(SA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval officer (Hobart, Tas, 1919); telegraphist (Hobart, 1922; Oakleigh, Vic, 1928-1942); primary producer (Tarra Valley, Vic, 1949-1954)
* [[/Michael Aloysius Horatio Stuart|Stuart, Michael Aloysius Horatio]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-2D9] - 1891(Vic)-1953(Vic) - Licences: 3MH Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1927); 3MH Rockbank (1931-1937); 5MS Adelaide (Rosewater, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 66, 1929; 1COCP 184, 1931; likely CRPT pre 1927 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Navy); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1925-1927); radio telegraphist (Beam Radio Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1937; Geraldton, WA, 1943); radio technician (Footscray North, Vic, 1949)

===''STURDEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Ashton Hobart Sturdee|Sturdee, Vernon Ashton Hobart]] - 1890(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur radio club (member, WIQ)

===''SULLIVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sullivan|Sullivan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLGD-VK6] - 1906(Vic)-1997(Vic) - 3SR Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1925-1926), 3SR Yallourn (1927), amateur operator (AOCP 206, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (1927)
===''SUTHERLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan James Sutherland|Sutherland, Alan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK6-94L] - 1916(SA)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 5XB Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939, 1947-1948); 3AXB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1954-1965); 3KY Melbourne (Balwyn, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1592, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dunleath, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Canterbury, Vic, 1954-1968; Balwyn, Vic, 1972-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1977)
* [[/George Bremner Sutherland|Sutherland or Clyne, George Bremner &quot;Jock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVF-KQC] - 1893(Sct)-19??(WA) - 6GB Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 295, 1932), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Navy, 1911), late 1920s assistant chief engineer 6WF (to Wally Coxon), DCA (aeradio operator, from 1941), radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949), retired (North Perth, 1958)

===''SUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Sutton|Sutton, Arthur Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMFM-Z34] - 1882(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (early 1910s); utilised Henry Sutton's experimental licence - Relationships: son of XLM Henry Sutton - Electoral Rolls: music seller (Malvern, 1909-1913; Hawthorn, 1914-1915); engineer (Kew, 1922-1925); traveller (Camberwell, 1927); mechanic (Brunswick, 1928)
* [[/Henry Sutton|Sutton, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD19-T7V] - 1855(Vic)-1912(Vic) - Licences: XLM Melbourne (Malvern, 1910-1912) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed from 1890s); numerous inventions, Australia's first wireless telephony experimenter (1906); invented several new types of telephones; early television experiments - Relationships: father of Arthur Ernest Sutton - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sutton-henry-4675 ADB] - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Jnr|Sutton, Joseph William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-HCJ] - 1874(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4CP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4EI Brisbane (City, 1923-1925) (In the name of the State Engineer) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIQ, foundation member; QWI); electrical engineer; senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Engineer) - Relationships: son of Joseph William Sutton Snr - Electoral Rolls: electric engineer (Teneriffe, 1903); engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909); assistant (GPO, 1912-1919); electrical engineer (New Farm, 1921-1936); retired (Ascot, 1937)
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Snr|Sutton, Joseph William Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-W6T] - 1844(Eng)-1914(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - club (Royal Society Qld, president) - Relationships: father of Joseph William Sutton Jnr - Links: [[w:Joseph William Sutton|Wikipedia]] - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909)

===''SWABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max J. Swaby|Swaby, Max J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4DA Dalby (-1948+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''SWAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Tamsett Swain|Swain, Lionel Tamsett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL1J-TGY] - 1902(NSW)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2CS Receive Newcastle (Hamilton, 1922); 2CS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1923-1927; Waratah, 1928-1939, 1946-1950; Charlestown, 1954-1961; Bolton Point, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 108, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Withdrawal: when 2CS Coffs Harbour commenced in early 1980s, policy had changed as to withdrawal of similar amateur callsigns - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Waratah, 1930-1954); engineer (Charlestown, 1958-1963); retired (Bolton Point, 1968-1980)
===''SWEENEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Moss Sweeney|Sweeney, Walter Moss]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNZ7-YRD] - 1887(Eng)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3WS Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1924-1925; Elwood, 1925-1931; St Kilda, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 204, 1916 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Subiaco, 1916-1917); no occupation (Melbourne, 1919); wireless engineer (East Melbourne, 1921-1924); engineer (Elsternwick, 1925-1928); director (St Kilda, 1931-1963)

===''SWINBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Charles Richard Swinburne|Swinburne, Frank Charles Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDML-S1J] - 1901(Qld)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 2AT Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922-1923); 2AT Sydney (Manly, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 557, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Manly, NSW, 1937; North Sydney, 1943))
===''SWINDELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Willie Swindells|Swindells, Willie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L812-BTK] - 1890(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Richmond, Vic, 1913-1914; Parkdale, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Geelong, 1927; Darlinghurst, NSW, 1931-1933); electrical engineer (Brunswick, Vic, 1934)

===''SYMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathaniel Joseph Leo Symonds|Symonds, Nathaniel Joseph Leo &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ3-3QH] - 1908(WA)-2005(WA) - 6LS Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1925-1930; Bicton, 1947-1948), 6LX Perth (Kalamunda, 1965-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 207, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW2, tailor (Cottesloe, 1931-1943), radio operator (Fremantle, 1949-1954), radio technician (Kalamunda, 1958-1980)
===''SYMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Lindsay Gordon Symons|Symons, John Lindsay Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZZ5-Q42] - 1913(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3JT Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939; East Hawthorn, 1946-1947; Burwood, 1948; South Melbourne, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 662, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Malvern, 1934-1943; Glen Iris, 1949); hotelkeeper (Malvern, 1954); engineer (Syndal, 1963)

=='''T'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''TAPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Ernest Tapp|Tapp, Charles Ernest or Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-BXV] - 1894(NSW)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 82, 1915 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: OIC Wireless Station (Thursday Island, Qld, 1915; South Yarra, Vic, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1930); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1942); manager (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''TAPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Tapper|Tapper, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZX-4T6] - 1910(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1929-1939); 6RJ Onslow (1946-1947); 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1948-1960); 2AO Wagga Wagga (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 538, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 218, 1931; TVOCP 324, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Claremont, 1931-1943); operator (Claremont, 1949-1963); radio inspector (Wagga Wagga, 1968-1980)

===''TARBOTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Augustus Tarbotton|Tarbotton, Harry Augustus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-87K] - 1902(Eng)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6HT Albany (1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1672, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Albany, WA, 1925-1931); motor mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936-1954); radio service (Albany, WA, 1958)

===''TARLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred William Tarling|Tarling, Alfred William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVH9-4RZ] - 1900(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4TW Townsville (1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; (likely qualification ca 1920, British Merchant Navy; 1COCP 679, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coolbie, Ingham, Qld, 1930); wireless operator (Pimlico, Qld, 1931-1932); labourer (West End, Qld, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''TARRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Albert Tarrant|Tarrant, Ernest Albert Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8SB-Z68] - 1898(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2AK Receive Narrabri (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Eulah Creek, 1930; Narrabri, 1943)
* [[/William Francis Tarrant|Tarrant, William Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5M-6JT] - 1914(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2UF Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1932-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1054, 1932, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (Newcastle, 1930-1949)

===''TATHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Edward Tatham|Tatham, Sydney Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQT-52W] - 1896(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 2ST Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925; City, 1926-1928; Darling Point, 1929-1933; City, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 33, 1915; 1COCP 406, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (editor, Sea, Land and Air, 1922); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: instructor (St Kilda, 1919; South Yarra, 1919); merchant (Darling Point, 1930-1933; City, 1934-1937; Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Camberwell, 1954); director (Balwyn, 1958-1972)
===''TAYLOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert William Taylor|Taylor, Albert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX56-JGX] - 1910(NSW)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AT Port Pirie (1934-1937); 5AT Adelaide (Solomontown, 1938-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1276, 1934, SA; BOCP 286, 1940; TVOCP 461, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Marleston, SA, 1941; Edwardstown, SA, 1943)
* [[/B. A. Taylor|Taylor, B. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DF Receive Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Donald Gordon Taylor|Taylor, Donald Gordon &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-N31] - 1907(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Forestville, 1923-1924); 5DX Adelaide (Forestville, 1926-1937; Black Forest, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 307, 1926, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 25, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: another DGT served in WW2 &amp; died on active service 1943 in NT - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (Goodwood, 1939; Black Forest, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Florence Mary Parsons|Taylor nee Parsons, Florence Mary]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZX2-FZB] - 1879(Eng)-1969(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - publisher - Electoral Rolls: managing director (Sydney, 1936); journalist (Vaucluse, 1954); editor (Darlinghurst, 1958; Potts Point, 1963) - Relationships: wife of George Augustine Taylor - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-florence-mary-8754 ADB]
* [[/George Augustine Taylor|Taylor, George Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-JG7] - 1872(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Nil (always operated under military or other amateur licences) - Qualifications: Nil - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, founder WIA NSW, founder Association for Development of Wireless in Australasia - Electoral Rolls: Nil - gone too soon - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-george-augustine-8756 ADB]
* [[/Leslie Harry Taylor|Taylor, Leslie Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-CD4] - 1898(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Sydney (Ashfield, 1936-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1723, 1936, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Leichhardt, 1930-1933; Ashfield, 1935-1968); retired (Ashfield, 1977)

===''TEECE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Auburn Selwyn Teece|Teece, Cecil Auburn Selwyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2Z37-JSS] - 1885(NSW)-1970(ACT) - Licences: V733 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GO Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (East Melbourne, 1909); examiner (Kew, 1910); civil servant (Kew, 1912; Hawthorn, 1914-1917); examiner of patents (Box Hill, 1919); civil servant (Toorak, 1922; Sandringham, 1924; St Kilda, 1928; East Melbourne, 1931; Reid, ACT, 1935-1937; Barton, 1943); public servant (Barton, 1949-1954); retired (Braddon, 1958-1968)
===''TEMPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Lander Templeton|Templeton, Gordon Lander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-VLH] - 1909(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3OW Coleraine (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 631, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Tahara Bridge, 1931-1937) - Relationships: cousin of 3HG Neil Murray Templeton - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
* [[/Neil Murray Templeton|Templeton, Neil Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6SD-RDT] - 1911(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3HG Coleraine (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 632, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1934-1937); RAAF (Canterbury, 1943); grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1949-1963) - Relationships: cousin of 3OW Gordon Lander Templeton

===''THEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Milton Theel|Theel, Kenneth Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD1Z-1Z9] - 1908(SA)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5CT Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5QP Adelaide (St Peters, 1927-1933; Clarence Park, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 322, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ledger keeper (Reade Park Gardens, SA, 1941-1943)

===''THOMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Kirk Raleigh Thomas|Thomas, Henry Kirk Raleigh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-8LL] - 1902(NSW)-19??(???) - 2HT Sydney (Mosman, 1924; Neutral Bay, 1925-1933; Cremorne, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1, 1924, No. 1 in NSW and Australia), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2GB, assistant engineer, 1946)
* [[/Herbert Thomas|Thomas, Herbert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6DY Perth (CBD, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, salesman (Harris Scarfe, 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous HTs
* [[/Ivor Thomas|Thomas, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-Q3G] - 1897(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5IT Adelaide (Mitcham, 1929-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 496, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Kingswood Park, 1939-1943)
* [[/Josiah Thomas|Thomas, Josiah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSY-Y24] - 1863(Eng)-1933(NSW) - establishment radio station (2CH), state politician (NSW, MLA, 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR, Postmaster-General 1908-1909, 1910-1911) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Roland Henry Thomas|Thomas, Roland Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-7Z4] - 1911(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4LR Brisbane (Bulimba, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1058, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bulimba, 1934); radio technician (Bulimba, Qld, 1937-1972); proprietor (Manly West, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Roy Valentine Thomas|Thomas, Roy Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6H-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1958(NSW) - 2TK Sydney (Erskinville, 1925), 2RV Sydney (Bondi North, 1927-1930), 2TK Sydney (South Hurstville, 1947-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 62, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''THOMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Thompson|Thompson, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HF Receive Sydney (East Balmain, 1922-1923); 2HF Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 47, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: several contemporaneous F. Thompson
* [[/Geoffrey George Thompson|Thompson, Geoffrey George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SP-DDD] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3GT Melbourne (Thornbury, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 388, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Thornbury, 1934-1937; North Melbourne, 1949); cameraman (Hawthorn, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Neville Weston Fane Thompson|Thompson, Leonard Neville Weston Fane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJKN-FJV] - 1899(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3LT Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1933; Carrum, 1937-1939; Bonbeach, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 762, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Glenferrie, 1925; Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1934; Carrum, 1936-1954)
* [[/Stanley Gordon Thompson|Thompson, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLZ-S21] - 1906(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (North Brighton, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: expert (Brighton, Vic, 1931); mechanic (Brighton, Vic, 1936); sales (Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1972)

===''THOMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Thomson|Thomson, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZND-ZPF] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3AT Sunshine (1925), amateur operator (AOCP 145, 1925, No. ?? in Vic)
* [[/G. L. Thomson|Thomson, G. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2GT Sydney (Waverley, 1924-1925), amateur operator (AOCP 3, 1924, No. 2 in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator of 2BV Waverley Radio Club
===''THORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Thorley|Thorley, Roy &quot;John&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-8GW] - 1912(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4RT Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1937; Annerley, 1938-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, president); business proprietor (mechanical engineering) - Comment: killed in automobile accident - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1937); engineer (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1963); contractor (Charters Towers, Qld, 1963)

===''THURSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wyngate Thurstan|Thurstan, Arthur Wyngate]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVFV-XSS] - 1907(Eng)-1976(NSW) - 2AV Sydney (Penshurst, 1924-1939; Beverley Hills, 1946-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 38, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, Lempriere &amp; Co (metallurgist; Chief Chemist, 1937)

===''THRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Thring|Thring, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XFG-ZY6] - 1882(NSW)-1936(Vic) - Film producer, founder 3XY Melbourne - Links: [[w:F. W. Thring|Wikipedia]]
===''THROSSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Ledsam Throssell|Throssell or Throssel, Lancelot Ledsam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHFL-59C] - 1902(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6LT Northam (1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 248, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Northam, 1925-1931); civil servant (Northam, 1936-1937); clerk (Bruce Rock, 1943); bank officer (Kojonup, 1954; Innaloo, 1963-1972); retired (Osborne Park, 1980)

===''THUGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thuge|Thuge, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-F55] - 1917(Qld)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4NC Gladstone (1936-1937); 4NO Gladstone (1938-1939); 4NO Brisbane (Hendra, 1947); 2ANO Sydney (Stanmore, 1948-1950; Arncliffe, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1622, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Charters Towers, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Petersham, NSW, 1949; Arncliffe, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Burwood, NSW, 1972)

===''THYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Joseph Thynne|Thynne, Andrew Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3H-T8K] - 1847(Irl)-1927(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1867, eventually Lieutenant-Colonel), profession (solicitor, Qld, 1873-1882), state politician (Qld MLC, Minister for Justice and Attorney General; Qld Postmaster-General, 1894-1897)

===''TILBROOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clem David Lloyd Tilbrook|Tilbrook, Clem David Lloyd]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-4PQ] - 1912(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5GL Adelaide (Brighton, 1933-1937; Camden, 1938-1939; Colonel Light Gardens, 1947-1965; Daw Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1210, 1933, SA; 2COCP 381, 1940; 1COCP 468, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Camden, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TILNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Edward Tilney|Tilney, Leslie Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPDS-4PK] - 1870(NSW)-1937(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 13, 1914 - early wireless experimenter (army); coastal wireless officer, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1916-1917); soldier (Claremont, 1917); commissioner (Caulfield, 1924-1931); civil servant (Malvern, 1933-1936) - TroveTag: &quot;Leslie Edward Tilney&quot; (400+ tags) - Links: [https://www.anzac-biographies.com/2021/06/05/tilney-lieutenant-colonel-leslie-edward-dso-mid-vd/ Bio]

===''TILSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Howard Tilse|Tilse, Arthur Howarde &quot;Howard&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTK5-CS8] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4WO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939; South Brisbane, 1946-1948; Yeronga, 1954-1970) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 725, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 155, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Army Signals, RAAF); art dealer - Electoral Rolls: radiotrician (Yeronga, 1934-1937); RAAF wireless operator (West End, Townsville, 1943); radio operator (South Brisbane, 1949); art dealer (Yeronga, 1954-1972)
===''TIMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Robert Timmins|Timmins, Alan Robert]] - broadcast engineer (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA), senior federal public servant (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA)
===''TIPPING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Tipping|Tipping, Edward Charles]] - 19??(???)-1968(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIQ, member, 1912), federal public servant (PMGD, clerk/accountant), military (Captain, Royal Engineers)
===''TIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. G. Tiver|Tiver, R. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Tanunda (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''TODD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Hugh Todd|Todd, Alan Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-7SG] - 1919(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4HT Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937; Newmarket, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Red Hill, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1639, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1954-1977) 
* [[/Charles Todd|Todd, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3X-PJ6] - 1826(Eng)-1910(SA) - senior state public servant (Government Electrician, Postmaster-General SA) - Links: [[w:Charles Todd (pioneer)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/todd-sir-charles-4727 ADB]
* [[/Lionel Victor Glen Todd|Todd, Lionel Victor Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5CG-Z68] - 1896(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2CR Tamworth (1922-1935); 2LS Tamworth (1936-1938); 2LS Denistone (1939); 2LS Sydney (West Ryde, 1957-1965; Denistone, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 132, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 282, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2CR callsign withdrawn by PMG in 1935 for 2CR Orange (Blayney) ABC - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (West Tamworth, 1932-1937); assistant radio inspector (Eastwood, 1943-1968)
* [[/Milton Buchanan Todd|Todd, Milton Buchanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-NQT] - 1892(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 63, 1915; 1COCP 81, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Thursday Island, 1916); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1930-1935); officer (Lewisham, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1937; Croydon, NSW, 1943; Townsville, 1949); senior radio officer (Townsville, 1954); radio officer (Kensington, NSW, 1958); retired (Blaxland, 1958)
* [[/Tom Arthur Todd|Todd, Tom Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD9C-7P5] - 1906(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2OT Receive Sydney (Eastwood, 1923); 2TT Sydney (Eastwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1957) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 984, 1928; 2COCP 50, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Eastwood, 1930-1937); radio mechanic (Eastwood, 1943-1977)

===''TONGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edward Tonge|Tonge, Arthur Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4S-MNM] - 1895(Eng)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AR Brisbane (Taringa, 1933; Indooroopilly, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1149, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 54, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darra, 1931; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937); mechanic (Milton, 1943-1949); process worker (Indooroopilly, 1954)

===''TONGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Melville Tongs|Tongs, Lawrence or Laurence Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR9L-Y7N] - 1899(Tas)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 7BU Receive North Motton (1923); Receive North Motton (1923); 2ADB Finley (1937-1939); 7LT Devonport (1960-1969); 3ALV Melbourne (Parkville, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 687, 1922; 2COCP 421, 1941 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Finley, 1930-1935); radio dealer (1936-1949); farmer (Dandenong, 1954); radio technician (Devonport, 1972); retired (Parkville, 1977-1980)

===''TONKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Maxwell Tonkin|Tonkin, Arthur Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLL6-HT9] - 1915(WA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 6MZ Katanning (1935-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Salisbury, 1948); 5TI Clare (1975); 5MZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1525, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Katanning, WA, 1937) 
* [[/Stanley Gordon Tonkin|Tonkin, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DQ-2R1] - 1910(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 2SG Albury (1929-1931); 2SG Sydney (Double Bay, 1933; Waverley, 1933-1936; Lane Cove, 1937); 2SG Goonellabah (1938-1939); 2SG Sydney (Epping, 1946-1955); 5SG Adelaide (Hampstead Gardens, 1956; Manningham, 1969; Glenunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 520, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 57, 1931; 2COCP 391, 1940; 1COCP 493, 1941  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Woolwich, 1932); engineer (Edgecliff, 1933); mechanic (Waverley, 1934); radio engineer (Newtown, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936; Goonellabah, 1937; Eastwood, 1943); radio technician (West Epping, 1949-1954)

===''TORMEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Tormey|Tormey, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-85X] - 1902(NSW)-1993(ACT) - Licences: 2ET Canberra (City, 1930-1934; Ainslie, 1935-1939, 1946-1955); 1ET Canberra (Ainslie, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 687, 1930, No. ?? in ACT - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Braddon, 1928-1930; Ainslie, 1935); bus driver (Ainslie, 1937); car driver (Ainslie, 1943-1980)

===''TRAEGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Hermann Traeger|Traeger, Alfred Hermann or Herman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNJ-LRP] - 1895(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AX Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1926-1931; Corryton, 1933-1937; Marratville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 293, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; inventor (with 5BG) of the pedal wireless for the RFDS - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, 1930-1932); wireless engineer (Leabrook, SA, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/traeger-alfred-hermann-8839 ADB]

===''TRAYNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Byron Traynor|Traynor, Philip Byron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-LCT] - 1900(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 224, 1925, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 353, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mile End, 1939); federal public servant (Glandore, 1941); inspector (Torrens Park, 1943)

===''TREBILCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Trebilcock|Trebilcock, Eric William]] - 1911(???)-1989(SA) - BERS195 (1933+), amateur listener
===''TREDREA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Aloysius Trevithick Tredrea|Tredrea, Frederick Aloysius Trevithick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MC1W-M7C] - 1900(WA)-1958(WA) - Licences: 6FT Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1929-1931; South Perth, 1933); 6FT Northam (1937); 6FT Perth (South Perth, 1938-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 512, 1929, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 156, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, 1925); radio operator (Northam, 1936); broadcast engineer (South Perth, 1937-1958)

===''TREGEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. S. Tregear|Tregear, W. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 3TR Melbourne (Hawthorn 192x), 3TX Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, 3TR callsign withdrawn by PMGD to prevent confusion with 3TR Sale Class B station
===''TREHARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elgar Dennis Llewellyn Treharne|Treharne, Elgar Dennis Llewellyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-X9R] - 1914(NSW)-1997(SA) - 2AFQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Ross 2IQ/5??
* [[/Herbert Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Herbert Fredrind &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F8-6ZN] - 1883(NSW)-1968(SA) - 2BM Sydney, 5QT Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW, age 60), father of Ross 2IQ/5?? and Elgar 2AFQ/5??
* [[/Ross Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Ross Fredrind]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-DJD] - 1919(NSW)-1982(SA) - 2IQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP 1513, 1935, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Elgar 2AFQ/5??
===''TRELOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Treloar|Treloar, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMJ-379] - 1906(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6JT Perth (Beaconsfield, 1931-1933; Melville, 1937; Beaconsfield, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 790, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1931-1943); tally clerk (Bicton, WA, 1949-1980)

===''TRESSIDDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Laurence Tresidder|Tresidder, William Laurence or Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PT-SQ7] - 1904(WA)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3WT Bendigo (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Bendigo, 1927-1942); radio (Kangaroo Flat, 1949-1954); radio engineer (Bendigo, 1963-1980)
===''TREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Stanley Trew|Trew, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCB6-GW4] - 1902(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6RS Harvey (1933-1937); 6RS Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1938-1939); 6RP Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1189, 1933, WA; 2COCP 382, 1940; 1COCP 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant postal department (York, WA, 1925); postal assistant (York, WA, 1926); postal employee (Harvey, WA, 1931-1937); postal clerk (Leederville, WA, 1937-1943); PMG (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); radio monitor (Joondanna Heights, WA, 1954-1958)

===''TRIM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Trim|Trim, Sydney (Electoral Rolls) or Sidney (BDM)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL7D-NLM] - 1880(Vic)-1960(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 179; 2COCP 178, 1930; 1COCP 105, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1913; West Perth, WA, 1913-1914); &quot;radio station&quot; (Wyndham, WA, 1914-1917); farmer (Mosman, NSW, 1936-1937); engineer (Applecross, WA, 1937-1958)

===''TROTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Ford Trott|Trott, Clement Ford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGY-XPN] - 1907(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CS McLaren Vale (1928-1929); 5CF McLaren Vale (1930-1931); 5CF Willunga (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 454, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (McLaren Flat, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Rusel Troy|Troy, Thomas Rusel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKG-MKH] - 1898(NSW)-1992(NSW) - 2SH Receive West Maitland (1923), 2SH West Maitland (1924-1925), 2TY West Maitland (1926-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 208, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, postman (West Maitland, 1930-1949), postal officer (Maitland, 1954), postal clerk (Maitland, 1958)
===''TRUDGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Wallis Trudgen|Trudgen, Maxwell Wallis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3H-XYH] - 1907(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (East Adelaide, 1926); 5HS Adelaide (Fullarton, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 247, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mitcham, 1939-1941); mechanical engineer (Sydney, 1943-1954); engineer (Little Bay, 1958-1968)
===''TRUNFULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Leonard Trunfull|Trunfull, Richard Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBL-K7B] - 1906(Eng)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6RT South Greenough (1932-1933); 6RT Peel Estate (1937); 6RT Roebourne (1938-1939); 6RT Dangin (1947-1948); 6RT Nungarin (1954); 6RT Narembeen (1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 924, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (South Greenough, WA, 1931; Baldavis, WA, 1936; Dangin, WA, 1943-1949; Nungarin, WA, 1954; Narembeen, WA, 1958)

===''TUMBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Henry Tumbridge|Tumbridge, Stanley Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM12-M1C] - 1899(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4ST Ipswich (1932-1933); 4ST Stanthorpe (1937-1939); 4ST Broadwater, 1947-1948; 4ST Brisbane (Woody Point, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 986, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Woodend, Qld, 1921); teacher (Murgon, Qld, 1925); school teacher (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1936-1937; Broadwater, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Margate, Qld, 1949-1954; Woody Point, Qld, 1958-1963)

===''TURNBULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Edward Turnbull|Turnbull, Norman Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TP-7K8] - 1900(WA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 6NO Narrogin (1928); 6NO Perth (City, 1930; Subiaco, 1931; Shenton Park, 1937-1939); 3AXX Melbourne (Armadale, 1954; Carrum, 1955; Parkdale, 1956; Cheltenham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: c; AOCP 430, 1928, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1120, 1928; 1COCP 185, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Bunbury, 1922; Busselton, 1925; Narrogin, 1925; Subiaco, 1931); radio inspector (Subiaco, 1934-1936); civil servant (East Perth, 1937); engineer (Armadale, 1954); clerk (Sandringham, 1958); manager (Sandringham, 1963-1968; Cheltenham, 1972); retired (Cheltenham, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert William Turnbull|Turnbull, Robert William or Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1S-GP4]  - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2RO Sydney (Burwood, 1927-1938; Northbridge, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 317, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bricklayer (Homebush, 1930-1963)

===''TURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Reginald Turner|Turner, Edward Arthur Reginald &quot;Rex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT9-JD5] - 1910(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CW Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1925); 5SA Adelaide (Leabrook, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 272, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butter maker (Gawler, 1939-1943)
* [[/Haswell Elliott Alfred Turner|Turner, Haswell Elliott Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQG-8TG] - 1891(Vic)-1969(NSW) - 2TM Sydney (Mosman, 1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 127, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, military, likely related to XACW E. Turner, Jnr
* [[/Ralph Robinson Turner|Turner, Ralph Robinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2D-S51] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5TR Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1935-1937; Dulwich, 1938-1939; Linden Park, 1947-1969; Echunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1444, 1935, SA; BOCP 66, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dulwich, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Robert John Blackwell Turner|Turner, Robert John Blackwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L62T-FP7] - 1884(NSW)-1943(NSW) - 2RT Goulburn (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 55, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''TWEEDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/P. Tweedle|Tweedle, P.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DM Receive Brisbane (Albion, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''TYAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Robert Wilson Tyas|Tyas, Norman Robert Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHC-SK6] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4TY Gracemere (1932-1934); 4TY Kingaroy (1935-1939); 4TY Brisbane (Manly, 1946-1948); 4TY Boonah (1954); 4TY Wallangarra (1955-1956); 4TY Warwick (1960); Brisbane (Manly, 1965-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1059, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); state public servant (state school principal) - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Kingaroy, Qld, 1936-1943; Brookstead, Qld, 1949; Mt Alford, Qld, 1954); teacher (Wallangarra, Qld, 1958); school teacher (Warwick, Qld, 1963; Manly, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''TYMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Tymms|Tymms, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-R2D] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 84, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Geraldton, 1922; Como, 1925); not stated (Broome, 1937); wireless telegraphist (Townsville, 1954)

=='''U'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''UMBACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ricky Charles Umback|Umback, Ricky Charles]] - early wireless historian (Ph.D. Thesis, 2016, &quot;Constituting Australia's International Wireless Service: 1901-1922&quot;) [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/142647/1/Umback%20Thesis%202018.pdf]
===''UNDERWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Underwood|Underwood, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-1XZ] - 1875(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Newstead, Qld, 1913-1915; Clayfield, Qld, 1916-1943); no occupation (Albion, Qld, 1943; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949)

===''UNGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Unger|Unger, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-????(???) - 2YRS Alectown (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ????, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, son of Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger 2UJ
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger|Unger, Herbert Wilhelm Carl or Herbert William Carl]] - 1911(???)-2012(NSW, 101yo) - 2UJ Alectown (1933-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1108, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, father of A. H. Unger 2YRS

===''URQUHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Stewart Urquhart|Urquhart, Malcolm Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXT-5C3] - 1905(WA)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1925-1939); 6MU Merredin (1946-1960); 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 116, 1925, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 27, 1936; AOLCP 158, 1934; 2COCP 85, 1937; 1COCP 126, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clerk (1931); broadcast technician (6MD, 1958); WW2 (1939-1945) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Cottesloe, WA, 1931-1937); broadcast technician (Merredin, WA, 1943-1963)

=='''V'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''VALENTINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Keith Valentine|Valentine, Lionel Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZVK] - 1916(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7KV Hobart (Bellerive, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1148, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bellerive, Tas, 1937; Acton, ACT, 1949); public servant (Hobart West, Tas, 1958)
===''VAN COUTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Josephus Van Cooth|Van Cooth, John Robert Josephus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GN-6ZP] - 1908(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (St Kilda West, 1931)
===''VARDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Edwin Vardon|Vardon, Joseph Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV9V-VPR] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923-1924); 5OM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 329, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Malvern, 1941-1943)

===''VAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Vaughan (also known as Hearps, change of name), David Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-HG5] - 1901(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2FY Sydney (Lakemba, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 665, 1930, NSW (Hearps); AOCP 1003, 1932, NSW (Vaughan) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Lakemba, 1930-1937); machinist (Lakemba, 1943-1972)

===''VEALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Pax Veall|Veall, Reginald Pax]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-GR6] - 1918(Vic)-1942(NT) - Licences: 3PV Melbourne (St Kilda, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2050, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 274, 1939; 1COCP 375, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Merchant Navy, Wireless Officer, MV Neptuna) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [http://www.ntlexhibit.nt.gov.au/exhibits/show/bod/roh/veall]
===''VEARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elwyn Thomas Vears|Vears, Elwyn Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHS1-C67] - 1901(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2BM Leura (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Strathfield, 1930-1937; Burwood, 1943-1958)) 
===''VERNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Henry Vernon|Vernon, Charles Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88V-18Z] - 1901(WA)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6KZ Albany (1930-1931); 6KZ Perth (Fremantle, 1933-1939); 3AMD Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1947); 6KZ Perth (Guildford, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 566, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Forts, Albany, 1922-1931; Fremantle, 1936-1937; 9AAD, Guildford, 1949-1954); retired (Wagin, 1958; Morley, 1963)

===''VICKARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Mervyn Vickary|Vickary, Reginald Mervyn &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-CLP] - 1909(NSW)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RV Cunnamulla (1930-1933); 4RV Warwick (1936-1939); 4VX Brisbane (Gordon Park, 1965; The Grange, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 702, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Cunnamulla, 1931); radio dealer (Warwick, 1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); shopkeeper (Toowoomba, 1949; Ekibin, 1954; Chermside, 1963; Grange, 1968-1972)
===''VICKERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth James Vickery|Vickery, Kenneth James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQP-WMQ] - 1893(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Receive Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1923); 2RA Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Hurlstone Park, 1930-1933); electrician (West Ryde, 1935; Parkes, 1936; Uralla, 1943); farmer (North Richmond, 1949-1968)

===''VINCENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Vincent|Vincent, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-7S8] - 1906(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DL Receive Kalgoorlie (1923-1924); 6VK Kalgoorlie (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 59, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1931-1937); manufacturer (South Perth, WA, 1949-1963; Como, WA, 1972-1980)

===''VINING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Vining|Vining, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR1-NLT] - 1906(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4WE Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 277, 1926, No. 22 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carrier (Nundah, 1928-1931); motor driver (Mitchelton, 1934; Gaythorne, 1936); mechanic (Gayndah, 1943); telephone mechanic (Enoggera, 1949-1963); telephone technician (Enoggera, 1968-1977)

===''VIPAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alton Frederick Vipan|Vipan, Alton Frederick]] - 1890(NSW)-1946(NSW) - XHV Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), ship wireless operator, AWA (Koo-we-rup, 1922)

===''VOIGT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emil Robert Voigt|Voigt, Emil Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-VV2] - 1883(Eng)-1973(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - 2KY Sydney, broadcast station manager; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, NSW Labor wireless committee) - Relationships: father of Rion Osborne Voigt; grandfather of Robin Voigt - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Dee Why, 1930-1934); manager (Dee Why, 1935; Narrabeen, 1936)  - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/voigt-emil-robert-8930 ADB]; [[w:Emil_Voigt_(athlete)|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.radioheritage.com/story70/ RHF]
* [[/Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt|Voigt, Rion Osborne Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-L1V] - 1915(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - broadcast industry executive, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Narrabeen, 1937; Turramurra, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of Emil Robert Voigt; father of Robin Voigt
* [[/Robin Voigt|Voigt, Robin]] - historian (Emil Robert Voigt; 2KY) - Relationships: grandson of Emil Robert Voigt; son of Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt
===''VOLKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Henry Oxford Volkman|Volkman, Reginald Henry Oxford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4CV-7PH] - 1902(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2RY Grafton (1924-1925); 2RY Scone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Woollahra, 1930-1933)
===''VOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Taylor Vowles|Vowles, Rupert Taylor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYT-FLF] - 1894(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XIZ Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2AW Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2XZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 562, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Concord, 1930-1972)

=='''W'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''WADDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivon Edward Waddell|Waddell, Ivon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-H3S] - 1909(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WX Albany (1929-1930); 6WX Katanning (1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 561, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Katanning, 1936; South Perth, 1937)
===''WADDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. M. Waddle|Waddle, E. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4GZ Charters Towers (-1959+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''WADDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard William Mackie Waddy|Waddy, Richard William Mackie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB62-5RP] - 1848(SA)-1933(SA) - senior state public servant (SA Post &amp; Telegraphs Dept), senior federal public servant (Deputy Postmaster-General SA)
===''WADHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin Wadham|Wadham, Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZC-SBQ] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5KW Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Helmsdale, 1928; Da Costa Park, 1931; Glenelg, 1933; Adelaide, 1937; Glenelg, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 23, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WIA SA (Councillor 1931; Hon. Treasurer, 1931); National Radio Corp (manager, 1938); Holdfast Bay Yacht Club (Vice-commodore, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Helmsdale, SA, 1939-1941; Da Costa Park, SA, 1943)

===''WAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Fripp Wahl|Wahl, Alan Fripp]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMB-TD4] - 1918(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6JB Perth (Leederville, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Dianella, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2101, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Leederville, WA, 1943-1958); clerk (Dianella, WA, 1963-1980)

===''WALCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Crosby Walch|Walch, Alan Crosby or Crosby Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQC7-GSS] - 1907(NSW)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7BI Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923-1925); 7CW Hobart (Bellerive, 1926-1927; Battery Point, 1931-1933; City, 1937; Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 231, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1, 1936; 1AOCP 16, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Hobart South, 1936-1954)

===''WALDRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Gerard Waldron|Waldron, Francis Gerard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WALKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Walker|Walker, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFY-L2V] - 1898(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 699, 1922 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: newspaper carrier (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1934-1937); carrier (Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1972)
* [[/Charles Welsh Walker|Walker, Charles Welsh &quot;Chas&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFR-19W] - 1899(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4CU Receive Clifton (1923); 4CU Clifton (1924-1960); 4DQ Portable Clifton (1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 10, 1924, No. 2 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; motor mechanic; Walker's Radio Service (proprietor, 1930s-1950s) - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Clifton, Qld, 1921-1958)
* [[/Louis Edward Walker|Walker, Louis Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSWB-L81] - 1864(Eng)-1934(At Sea) - Oversight of the 1906 Bass Strait link for Marconi Wireless Telegraphy Co
* [[/Philip Billingsley Walker|Walker, Phillip Billingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MNF3-P9W] - 1840(Eng)-1900(NSW) - early wireless experimenter, employment (NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendent of Telegraphs, Chief Electrician)
* [[/Ronald Gregory Walker|Walker, Ronald Gregory &quot;Gregory&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRP-GC6] - 1907(NSW)-1929(At Sea) - Licences: 7BT Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; journalist (Hobart &quot;Mercury&quot;); film maker - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1928) - Links: [http://www.seafarersmemorial.org.au/memorials/walker_g.php Seafarer's Memorial]
* [[/William Spencer Walker|Walker, William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCF4-R77] - 1911(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5WW Adelaide (Alberton, 1934-1939; West Croydon, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1305, 1934, SA; BOCP 444, 1942; TVOCP 274, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939); mechanic (West Croydon, SA, 1941-1943)

===''WALLACE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] See Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;
===''WALLBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Walter Wallbridge|Wallbridge, Leslie Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDMT-HKZ] - 1910(Eng)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5UX Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1930-1937); 5UX Peterborough (1938-1939); 5UX Kadina (1947-1948); 5UX Cook (1954-1955); 5UX Saddleworth (1956); 5UX Hawker (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 712, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Peterborough, SA, 1939-1941; Rendelsham, SA, 1943; Alice Springs, NT, 1963)

===''WALLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Wallis|Wallis, John Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JW Longford (1932-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 893, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Burnie, 1928; Longford, 1936-1937)
* Wallace, Florence Violet (adoptive name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)

===''WALSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Dunbar Walsh|Walsh, Harold Dunbar &quot;Cordite&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W3-CT7] - 1903(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4HW Brisbane (Hamilton, 1925-1931; Rocklea, 1946-1947)); 4WN Brisbane (Hamilton, 1927, dealer) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 133, 1925, No 14 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF); solicitor; pilot - Comment: Tragic end to a productive life - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1925-1937); airline pilot (Moorooka, 1949)

===''WALTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Allan Walters|Walters, Charles Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-LBY] - 1910(Vic)-1947(Vic) - Licences: 3CW Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1933; Heidelburg, 1937-1939; Brunswick, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 524, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1931-1936; Heidelberg, 1937; Brunswick, 1942)
* [[/Gerald Wills Walters|Walters, Gerald (Wills or Willis or blank)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7Y-1HZ] - 1886(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 108, 1915; 2COCP 157, 1930; 1COCP 129, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Currie, King Island, Tas, 1919; Darwin, NT, 1922); radio telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1928); wireless officer (Radio Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1936-1937); wireless (Gladesville, NSW, 1943); wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''WALZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edwyn Walz|Walz, Arthur Edwyn or Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM9T-LB3] - 1908(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4AW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939; Wavell Heights, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 287, 1926, No. 26 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; plumber; radio repair business - Relationships: son of Conrad August Walz - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Nundah, 1934-1943); radio engineer (Wavell Heights, 1949-1980) 
* [[/Conrad August Walz|Walz, Conrad August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRGZ-QF3] - 1882(Qld)-1951(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), plumber, farmer, father of 4AW Arthur Edwyn Walz

===''WARDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney William Lumley Wardle|Wardle, Sidney William Lumley]] - 1911(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 2OU Woodford Leigh (1930-1935); 2OU Armidale (1936-1937); 2OU Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939); 5OU Adelaide (Lockleys, 1946-1954); 2DID Berridale (1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 610, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Woodford Leigh, 1934-1935); technician (Bondi North, 1937; Woollahra, 1943); retired (Berridale, 1980)
===''WARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Clarke Waring|Waring, Cecil Clarke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQW4-V9F] - 1904(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3CU Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1924); 3YW Melbourne (Camberwell, 1929-1931; Canterbury, 1933; Kew, 1937); 3YW Rupanyup (1938-1939); 3YW Stawell (1946-1948); 3YW Warrnambool (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 549, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Canterbury, 1925-1928; Kew, 1931-1937; Stawell, 1942-1949; Warrnambool, 1954-1977)
===''WARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Leslie George Warne|Warne, Maurice Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSP-LHY] - 1909(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2MW Sydney (Croydon, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 300, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Campsie, 1931-1934); radio mechanic (Campsie, 1936-1937); radio sales (Kogarah, 1943-1963); radio &amp; TV technician (Arncliffe, 1968)
===''WARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Albert Warner|Warner, Geoffrey Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-6NR] - 1914(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2CK Wyong (1930-1939); 3ABW Fiskville (1947); 9GW Port Moresby (1948-1954); 2AVW Bringelly (1955-1958); 2CK Bringelly (1960-1969); 6EG Bassendean (1975); 2HJ Camden (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 710, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 60, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless technician (Rockbank, Vic, 1942); technician (OTC Bringelly, 1958-1963); manager (Bassendean, 1977; Camden South, 1980) - callsign may have been withdrawn for 2CK Cessnock commercial (later restored)
===''WARNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Bernard Warnock|Warnock, Neil Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ8-58G] - 1944(Vic)-2019(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WATERHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. G. Waterhouse|Waterhouse, A. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XVV Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WATERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George James Waters|Waters, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X9-S46] - 1902(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3EX Receive Melbourne (Heathcote, 1922); 3XA Melbourne (East Prahran, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 608, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as yet - Comment: Passed too soon
* [[/James Alfred Waters|Waters, James Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JA Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1685, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Queensborough, 1936); teacher (Ringarooma, 1937); schoolteacher (Queensborough, 1943-1954)
* [[/Leslie Waters|Waters, Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85N-TZB] - 1882(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Innisfail (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Randell Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Innisfail, 1919-1943); radio dealer (Innisfail, 1949)

===''WATERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lindsay Carmel Waterworth|Waterworth, Lindsay Carmel &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YY-6M6] - 1892(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Rockhampton (1935-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1526, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Charleville, Qld, 1921); telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1968)

===''WATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Paul Watkins|Watkins, Andrew Paul]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6AW Perth (1936-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1805, 1936, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster
* [[/William Trevor Watkins|Watkins, William Trevor &quot;Trevor&quot;, &quot;Watty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKG-J4V] - 1899(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: T336 Hobart (1920-1921); 7AA Hobart (1922-1925); 7DX Hobart (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 107, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: PMGD withdrew 7AA callsign for their own use, electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1922), wireless expert (Medhurst &amp; Sons, Hobart, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (West Hobart, 1922-1928) - Comment: passed too soon

===''WATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. A. Watson|Watson, A. A.]] - bef1910(???)-aft1930(???) - Licences: 2UT Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 341, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: None as yet - Full name not yet identified
* [[/Douglas Mervyn Watson|Watson, Douglas Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MG-FPY] - 1920(Tas)-1989(Tas) - Licences: 7DW Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939; City, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1867, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Hobart South, 1949-1954); mechanic (Lindisfarne, 1972)
* [[/Herbert Leopold Watson|Watson, Herbert Leopold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZP-JLK] - 1897(Vic)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Kiama (1929-1933); 2OL Unanderra (1935-1938); 2OL Woollongong (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 545, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Kiama, 1930); electrical engineer (Unanderra, 1934-1937; Heidelberg, Vic, 1949); electrician (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1954); retired (Avalon Beach, 1968-1972; Mona Vale, 1977; Mosman, 1980) 
* [[/James David Watson|Watson, James David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F5-789] - 1910(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3NQ Darlington via Camperdown (1930-1939); 2ANQ Albury (1946-1957) - Qualifications: AOCP 633, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Darlington, 1931-1943); radio technician (Albury, 1949-1954) - Comment: Beware another JDW, labourer, Geelong, 1930s 
* [[/John Watson|Watson, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CR Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 436, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil, as yet, specific individual not yet identified
* [[/Samuel Wilfred Watson|Watson, Samuel Wilfred or Wilfred Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-LXP] - 1906(Eng)-1998(WA) - Licences: 6WW Perth (West Perth, 1930-1939, 1948-1969); 6WW Shoalwater Bay (1975); 6WW Cardup (1980) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 189, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (West Perth, WA, 1931-1972); retired (Shoalwater Bay, WA, 1977; Cardup, WA, 1980)
* [[/William Wesley Watson|Watson, William Wesley]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart South, 1949)

===''WATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Watt|Watt, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-4B7] - 1901(Sct)-1985(Tas) - Licences: 7BO Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923); Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prince of Wales Bay, 1922-1928); accountant (New Town, 1936-1949; Moonah, 1954)
* [[/Arthur William Watt|Watt, Arthur William]] -  19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly)
* [[/Charles Russell Watt|Watt, Charles Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-JFH] - 1904(Eng)-1993(NSW) - 2WT Tenterfield (1925-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 184, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, grazier (Tenterfield, 1930-1980)
===''WAUCHOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Wylie Wauchope|Wauchope, Ronald Wylie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH6X-QJR] - 1914(SA)-1933(SA)19yo - Licences: 5WE Adelaide (Maylands, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1086, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, 19yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WEATHERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Elsdon Weatherley|Weatherley, Harry William Elsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBF-1HC] - 1921(Vic)-2006(Vic) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, New Zealand DX Radio Association, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia - Chief Editor, Ontario DX Club), ANARC DXer of the year - metallurgist (Auburn, 1949-1954); technician (Mount Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Mount Waverley, 1980)
* [[/Herb J. Weatherley|Weatherley, Herb J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4HW Clifton (-1951+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), callsign formerly Harold Dunbar Walsh
===''WEATHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Weatherson|Weatherson, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WEATHERSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stewart Weatherston|Weatherston, William Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LZ-2KF] - 1905(WA)-1942(Sing) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1927); salesman (St Kilda, 1931; Forrest, ACT, 1935; Newtown, 1943!) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''WEBSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Charles Webster|Webster, Harold Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCRM-31P] - 1876(Tas)-1923(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Launceston, 1914); clerk (Hobart North, 1922)
* [[/William Webster|Webster, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJD-D94] - 1860(Eng)-1936(NSW) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1915-1920), played prominent part in the Postal Royal Commission

===''WEDDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Austin Weddell|Weddell, James Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK9-SYF] - 1914(SA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5ZL Adelaide (Reade Park, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1595, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Col Light Gardens, SA, 1939-1943); RAAF (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Auburn, Vic, 1954); RAAF officer (Richmond, NSW, 1958); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1963); not stated (Red Hill, ACT, 1968-1972); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Arthur Weddell|Weddell, John Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKM-KVK] - 1926(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FT Brisbane (Zillmere, 1954-1960); 2ZM Glenbrook (1961); 4FT Brisbane (Sandgate North, 1965-1969); 2BFT Sydney (Clovelly, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3172, 1951, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1949; Zillmere, Qld, 1954-1958; Sandgate, Qld, 1963-1968); technician (Marrickville, NSW,  1972; Clovelly, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''WEDGEWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Donald Wedgewood|Wedgewood, William Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLV-GM8] - 1901(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: N741 Receive NSW - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 692, 1922; 2COCP 49, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: boarder (Sutton Coalfield, Eng, 1911); manufacturer (Glenmore, 1930-1936); aviator (Nedlands, WA, 1937); farmer (Moruya, 1949-1954); greenkeeper (Brisbane, 1958); public servant (Hornsby, 1963-1972)

===''WEEKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. L. Weeks|Weeks, H. L.]] - 19??-19?? - Licences: 4CJ Receive Currumbin (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: - Identification: Not yet identified

===''WEISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred George Weiss|Weiss, Wilfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-7NP] - 1912(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2TV Sydney (Croydon Park, 1960-1961; Strathfield, 1965); 2TV Ettalong Beach (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 670, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lithgow, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Lithgow, 1943); silk screen craftsman (Croydon Park, 1949-1958); retired (Strathfield, 1963-1968; Ettalong Beach, 1972; Ettalong, 1977)

===''WELLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Arthur Martin Weller|Weller, Cyril Arthur Martin &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-WXH] - 1903(???)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2160, 1938, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, Radio Club (WIAQ, Brisbane DX Club), power station engineer, education (ME, UQ) - Electoral Rolls: student (Windsor, 1925); engineer (Wilston, 1925-1928; Camp Hill, 1934-1943; Clayfield, 1949-1972; Albion, 1977)
===''WELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Welling|Welling, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLHB-KQZ] - 1898(Eng)-1960(SA) - Licences: 5TW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1937); 5TW Mt Gambier (1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 179, 1930; 1COCP 81, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941); wireless technician (Mt Gambier, SA, 1943)

===''WELLINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hudson Wellington|Wellington, Stanley Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB84-47Y] - 1909(Tas)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7PK Hobart (New Town, 1932-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1002, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 117, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: representative (Caulfield, 1936); chemist (Brighton, Vic, 1937-1942); manager (Mosman, 1949-1980)

===''WELLMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Joseph Wellman|Wellman, Leo Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1SW-R9S] - 1898(NSW)-1965(NSW) - 2PS Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923), 2LW Sydney (Marrickville, 1925-1928), amateur operator (AOCP 117, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WELSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud William Welsh|Welsh, Claude or Claud  William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPH-WS4] - 1914(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4CW Warwick (1937-1939); 4DK Mackay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1982, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, Qld, 1937-1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1943); radio technician (Warwick, Qld, 1958; Mackay, Qld, 1958); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1963); radio technician (Mackay, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''WERRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Errol Limbrick Werrett|Werrett, Errol Limbrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-FMH] - 1908(Tas)-1974(Eng) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hampshire (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm worker (Hampshire, 1936-1937); fitter (South Melbourne, 1943); engineer (Caulfield, 1949-1968; Balaclava, 1972)

===''WESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Frederick Shorter Weston|Weston, Cyril Frederick Shorter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVJ-FXY] - 1905(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4EN Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kedron, 1928); Christian worker (Darlinghurst, 1934); grocer (Oatley, 1943); agriculturalist (Ourimbah, 1949); salesman (Paekhurst, 1963-1980); retired (Charmhaven, 1980)
* [[/George James Weston|Weston, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ3-Y8Q] - 1868(Eng)-1939(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 702, 1922 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant) - Comment: Several contemporaneous GJWs - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Albany, 1903); civil servant (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1910-1912); civil servant (Wireless Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1913); sailor (Toorak, 1919); naval officer (Elsternwick, 1919); civil servant (Auburn, Vic, 1922); wireless engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1924-1927); retired engineer (Upwey, 1931-1937)
* [[/Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston|Weston, Robert Marcus Hamilton &quot;Mark&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-KW6] - 1915(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4XO Bundaberg (1938-1939); 2WE Sydney (Lidcombe, 1946-1947); 2AWE Sydney (Kingsford, 1955; Kensington, 1956-1957); 2AYK Sydney (Kensington, 1957; Kingsford, 1958-1961); 2CM Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2076, 1938, Qld; 2COCP 386, 1940; 1COCP 581, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; wireless officer (QANTAS) - Relationships: husband of 2MR Verle Lorraine Weston nee Key(s) - Electoral Rolls: marine wireless operator (Auchenflower, Qld, 1943); radio operator (Blakehurst, NSW, 1949; Kingsford, NSW, 1954-1963; Sans Souci, NSW, 1968-1980)
* [[/Verle Lorraine Keys|Weston nee Key(s), Verle Lorraine]] - 1934(???)-1985(NSW) - 2MR Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980), YL amateur operator (AOCP ???, 1964, No. ?? in Qld), wife of Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston 2CM
* [[/William Wood Weston|Weston or Wehrstedt, William Wood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPG-KBQ] - 1912(WA)-1953(WA) - Licences: 6MW Perth (Nedlands, 1935-1939; North Beach, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1465, 1935, WA; BOCP 596, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Further clarification of identification required - Electoral Rolls: assistant operator (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); operator (Leederville, WA, 1943-1954; North Perth, WA, 1958-1968; Leederville, WA, 1972-1977)

===''WHALLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Percy Whalley|Whalley, Rupert Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGZ-CV3] - 1894(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JZ Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922); 3JZ Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1927); 3JZ Myrtleford (1937-1939); 3JZ Wangaratta (1946-1948); 3JZ Melbourne (Blackburn, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 238, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: builder (Sandringham, 1919-1925); farmer (Myrtleford, 1927-1942); tobacco grower (Wangaratta, 1949); foreman (Blackburn, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 3ZWZ Robert Kelvin Whalley

===''WHEELER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Winslow Wheeler|Wheeler, Harry Winslow]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBC-BYC] - 1910(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5FB Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1927-1928); 5HW Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 371, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF, DFC) - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Eden Hills, SA, 1939-1943); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1968) 
* [[/Victor George Wheeler|Wheeler, Victor George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4Z-FGL] - 1897(Eng)-1976(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; coastal wireless operator; WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electric mechanic (Roebourne, 1917-1922); manager (Fremantle, 1925)

===''WHITAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Thomas Whitaker|Whitaker, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKKW-5DB] - 1895(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2OI Receive Sydney (Banksia, 1923); 2OI Sydney (Banksia, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockdale, 1930; Banksia, 1933-1934); builder (Banksia, 1937-1949); instructor (Mount Colah, 1954-1958)
===''WHITBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Roy Whitburn|Whitburn, Douglas Roy &quot;Doug&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-3JX] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5BY Adelaide (Toorak, 1927-1931; Fullarton, 1933-1939; Rosefield, 1946-1947; Fullarton, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 312, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosefield, 1943)
* [[/Robert Philip Whitburn|Whitburn, Robert Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBF-5XB] - 1896(NSW)-1991(NSW)94yo - Licences: XACJ Sydney (Leichhardt, 1913-1914); 2DK Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922); 2DK Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chairmaker (Leichhardt, 1930-1968); retired (West Ryde, 1972-1980)
===''WHITE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Matthews White|White, Alfred Matthews]] - 1894(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Receive Winton (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tranby, Winton, 1915-1958); retired (Buderim, Qld, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles Robert White|White, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-S5H] - 1911(SA)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 5MX Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 802, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edwin Harold White|White, Edwin Harold &quot;Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-QGH] - 1911(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1933-1939); 4EW Mackay (1946-1950); 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1954-1956); 5OW &amp; 8OW Darwin (1956-1963); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1963-1965); 4OW Mt Isa (1969); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1141, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 250, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, Fortress Signals); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Red Hill, 1934-1936); radio technician (Longreach, 1937); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1943; Mackay, 1949); communications officer (Archerfield, 1954); public servant (Red Hill, 1963; Mt Isa, 1968; Red Hill, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank Philip White|White, Frank Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSJ-9NF] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 189, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank Roy White|White, Frank Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4P-LVT] - 1911(NSW)-1994(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 5, 1934; 1COCP 12, 1934 - beam wireless operator (AWA); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Ryde, 1933-1935); telegraphist (Roseville, 1936-1937; Ryde, 1943-1968)

===''WHITELAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Roy Whitelaw|Whitelaw, Charles Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99WD-7NY] - 1891(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: XMO Melbourne (Rosedale, 1913-1914); 3BH Melbourne (Mooroolbark, 1923-1925); 3BH Stawell (1925); 3BH Benalla (1925-1927); 3BH Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931); 3BH Woomelang (1933); 3BH Melbourne (Mornington 1937-1939); 3BH (Harrisfield, 1946-1947; Dandenong, 1948; Noble Park, 1954-1955; Boronia, 1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 87, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; fire brigade and railway stationmaster; WW1 (AFC, Wireless Operator, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Creswick, 1914); assistant stationmaster (Ravenswood, 1919); stationmaster (Mooroolbark, 1922-1924); railway employee (Timboon, 1925); stationmaster (Benalla, 1925-1927; Mitcham, 1931; Euroa, 1942; Harrisfield, 1949-1954)
===''WHITING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Ambrose Whiting|Whiting, Reginald Ambrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR6-XDQ] - 1911(SA)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Torrensville, 1932-1933); 3MZ Melbourne (East Preston, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 988, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (South Yarra, Vic, 1934; Essendon, Vic, 1937); fitter &amp; turner (Preston, Vic, 1942-1968); fitter (Preston, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''WHITLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gough Whitlam|Whitlam, Edward Gough &quot;Gough&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VH-8BJ] - 1916(Vic)-2014(NSW) - Prime Minister (1972-1975), WW2 (RAAF, Flight Lieutenant, navigator &amp; bomb aimer, 1942-1945) - Electoral Rolls: student (Glebe, 1943); barrister (Cronulla, 1949; Cabramatta, 1958-1963; Red Hill, 1977; Double Bay, 1980) - executive oversight of the introduction of community radio in Australia - Links: [[w:Gough Whitlam|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Lewis Alfred John Whitlam|Whitlam, Lewis Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYY1-BBB] - 1904(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer's assistant (Brisbane City, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1943-1968); engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. Wicks|Wicks, C.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQK Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WILDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril George Wildman|Wildman, Cyril George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMG3-GNP] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1931; Moreland, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; East Brunswick, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 624, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 422, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Melbourne, 1927; Fitzroy North, 1931; Coburg, 1934-1942); electrical engineer (Brunswick East, 1977-1980)

===''WILKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Winstanley Wilkin|Wilkin, John Winstanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LX-1P7] - 1891(NZ)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5JW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1928; Osmond, 1931; Glen Osmond, 1933; North Walkerville, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; likely qualified in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Toorak, SA, 1939-1943)

===''WILKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wilkins|Wilkins, Arthur]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AW Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1927; East St Kilda, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 375, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous Arthur Wilkins, specific to be identified

===''WILKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Angus Wilkinson|Wilkinson, Dudley Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR41-Q53] - 1919(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5WD Adelaide (Frewville, 1935-1939; College Park, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1455, 1935, SA; BOCP 182, 1938; 1COCP 284, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hawthorn, SA, 1941; Ballarat, Vic, 1942)

===''WILLIAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Williams|Williams, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1930-1931); 5BO Adelaide (Ottaway, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 659, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AEWs in SA
* [[/Alex Elisha Williams|Williams, Alex Elisha]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JC-RN9] - 1913(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3KT Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1062, 1932, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Elsternwick, 1936-1937; Camberwell, 1943-1949; Highfield Park, 1954); school teacher (Frankston, 1967-1968); teacher (Frankston, 1972-1980)
* [[/Alfred Keith Williams|Williams, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-3SS] - 1905(WA)-1932(WA) - Licences: 6AW Collie (1929-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 502, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture S. operator (Collie, 1930) 
* [[/Ernest Arthur Williams|Williams, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKNS-QYG] - 1888(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2QY Receive Wollongong (1923); 2QY Wollongong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Wollongong, 1913, 1930-1958); retired (Wollongong, 1968)
* [[/Harold Parkyn Williams|Williams, Harold Parkyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7CW-DGX] - 1881(Qld)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - first general manager of ABC - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/williams-harold-parkyn-9112 ADB]
* [[/J. E. Williams|Williams, J. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DQ Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: many contemporaneous JEWs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Henry Williams|Williams, John Henry Jnr &quot;Johnny&quot; &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP3D-8NG] - 1880(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Mackay (1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 507, 1929, No ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: iron monger? (Mackay, 1925-1943) - established commercial broadcaster 4MK Mackay 1931
* [[/Leslie Samuel Barnes Williams|Williams, Leslie Samuel Barnes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-X56] - 1896(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4LS Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1930-1933); 4LS Toogoolawah (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 630, 1930, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: naval signalman (Cape Moreton, 1917-1922); saddler (Indooroopilly, 1925-1931); boot repairer (Toogoolawah, 1934-1958); retired (Taringa, 1963-1972) 
* [[/Neville Williams|Williams, Neville]] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199701.pdf EA]

===''WILLIAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Joseph Augustine Williamson|Williamson, Cecil Joseph Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K879-9HC] - 1925(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2CW Yass (1929-1931); 2ALS Yass (1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 525, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Yass, 1930-1949); farmer (Trundle, 1949); mechanic (Orange, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frederick Lerpiniere Williamson|Williamson, Frederick Lerpiniere]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6L-GCH] - 1896(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5AH Receive Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922); 5AH Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922-1927; Collinswood, 1928, 1948-1955); also dealer licence 5BT Adelaide 1925-1926 for Kauper, Austin &amp; Williamson - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 22, 1924, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 284, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Hubert Gordon Williamson|Williamson, Hubert Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7J-YQP] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3GW Rainbow (1927-1939, 1946-1960), 3GW Lalor (1965-1969), 3GW Melbourne (East Doncaster, 1975-1980), 3GH Rainbow (1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 342, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), (1COCP 593, 1942), amateur broadcaster
* Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian - See Marjorie Lilian Hutchings
===''WILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Oliver Willis|Willis, Harold Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-NLZ] - 1898(Vic)-1976(WA) - Licences: 6OW Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1931); 6AM Perth (South Fremantle, 1933); 6HW Perth (South Fremantle, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 675, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: baker (South Fremantle, 1925-1968)

===''WILLMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert Willmott|Willmott or Wilmot, Thomas Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD6-TB4] - 1886(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Receive South Grafton (1922); 2ZO South Grafton (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 48, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Grafton South, 1930-1943)
===''WILLOUGHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lancelot Willoughby|Willoughby, Eric Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR88-Q5X] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BM Adelaide (Penrhyn, 1932-1939); 5GO Adelaide (Unley, 1948); 3FB Noojee (1954-1956); 3FB Neerim Junction (1960); 4EW Booval (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1035, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Penrhyn, SA, 1939-1943); farmer (Noojee, Vic, 1949-1954); PMG Linesman (Booval, Qld, 1963-1968); PMG (Booval, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WILSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Wilson|Wilson, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DL Receive Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Darius Joseph Wilson|Wilson, Darius Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZR-GJ4] - 1901(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DW Sydney (Leichhardt, 1929-1931; Lidcombe, 1933; Five Dock, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Warwick Farm, 1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 548, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: french polisher (Leichhardt, 1930; Five Dock, 1943-1949); no occupation (Five Dock, 1954); french polisher (Yagoona, 1954-1968); polisher (Yagoona, 1972-1977)
* [[/Horace Benjamin Wilson|Wilson, Horace Benjamin &quot;Ben&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-71R] - 1911(WA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5WB Adelaide (Wayville, 1930-1937; Unley Park, 1938-1939); 2BP Sydney (McMahons Point, 1946-1948; West Ryde, 1950-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 586, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 161, 1934; 2COCP 33, 1935; 1COCP 72, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Unley Park, 1939); recording engineer (McMahons Point, 1949); business manager (West Ryde, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Gratton Wilson|Wilson, Leonard Gratton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQN8-3K6] - 1901(NSW)-1990(WA) - Licences: 6LG Perth (Inglewood, 1928; South Perth, 1930-1931; Como, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 429, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: vigneron (Caversham, 1925); police constable (South Perth, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); constable (Albany, 1943-1949); police constable (Como, 1954-1958)
* [[/Leslie Maclean Wilson|Wilson, Leslie Maclean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRH5-9TL] - 1893(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2LM  Marsden (1924-1926), 2LM Sydney (Cremorne, 1927), 2LM Mudgee (1928-1939), 2LM Port Macquarie (1960-1969+), amateur operator (AOCP 33, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, pastoralist
* [[/Perry Allen Wilson|Wilson, Perry Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AT Receive Eumundi (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motordriver (Eumundi, Qld, 1925-1934); garage proprietor (Eumundi, Qld, 1936-1943)
* [[/Victor John Wilson|Wilson, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-NPY] - 1909(Qld)-2009(Qld)99yo - Licences: Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923); 4VW Brisbane (Newstead, 1937-1939); 4VW Nambour (1960); 4VW Brisbane (Everton Park, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1100, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Newstead, Qld, 1931-1937; Nambour, Qld, 1958; Everton Park, Qld, 1963-1980) 
* [[/Warne Alfred George Wilson|Wilson, Warne Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKLN-Y39] - 1900(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3RY Receive Ballarat (1923); 3RY Ballarat (1924-1925); 3WA Ballarat (1928-1939, 1946-1960); 3KV Ballarat (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 444, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 20, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1924); radio engineer (Ballarat, 1927-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Elvyn Wilson|Wilson, Wilfred Elvyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-MB4] - 1880(Eng)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JI Receive Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1923); 2JI Sydney (Roseville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Roseville, 1930-1963)

===''WING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James John Wing|Wing, William James John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDHH-WKW] - 1887(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 188, 1916; 2COCP 142, 1930; 1COCP 212, 1931 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (CPO, 1917-1918); AWA - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hotel Metropole, Thursday Island, Qld, 1914); wireless engineer operator (Radio Station, Applecross, WA, 1917); radiotelegraphist (Cooktown, 1921); business manager (Epping, 1930); sales manager (Epping, 1933-1936; Roseville, 1937; Chatswood, 1943-1949); manager (Melbourne, 1954)
===''WINTERFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton Winterford|Winterford, Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3ML-FJH] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Canada?) - Licences: 4MF Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1931); 4MF Southport (1933); 4MF Sarina (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 363, 1927, No. 40 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Annerley, 1931); mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); electrician (Sarina, 1943); electrical contractor (Broadbeach, 1949)

===''WISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Wise|Wise, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDS-D87] - 1853(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - politician (Postmaster-General, 1920-1921) - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Sale, 1905-1949) - Links: [[w:George Wise (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
===''WISEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Cleave Wiseman|Wiseman, William James Cleave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2M-ZP8] - 1906(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5WJ Port Lincoln (1931-1939); 5WJ Ceduna (1947-1948); 5WJ Adelaide (Parafield, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 759, 1931, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 485, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Port Lincoln, SA, 1939-1941); aeradio operator (Ceduna, SA, 1943)

===''WISHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Turner Wishart|Wishart, William Turner &quot;Bill, Billy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ3-J9S] - 1900(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4WT Brisbane (Graceville, 1931-1939); 6TW Perth (Claremont/Floreat Park, 1946-1948); 4WX Brisbane (St Lucia, 1965-1969; Margate 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 870, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, federal councillor) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Red Hill, Qld, 1921); optical mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1925; Graceville, Qld, 1928-1937); audiometrist (Floreat Park, WA, 1949; Darlington, WA, 1949); retired (Wynnum North, Qld, 1972; Margate, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''WITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Herbert Witt|Witt, Sidney Herbert &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-BDV] - 1892(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3MZ Receive Melbourne (Camberwell, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1914-1916); electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1922); engineer (Brighton, 1925-1943; Glen Iris, 1958-1968; Burwood, 1972)) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/witt-sidney-herbert-12059 ADB]

===''WOLFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hamilton Bennett Wolfe|Wolfe, Hamilton Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H2-8K6] - 1886(Vic)-1956(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 193, 1916; 2COCP 242, 1930; 1COCP 213, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bairnsdale, Vic, 1908-1912); wireless telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925-1926); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1936-1949); retired (Nedlands, WA, 1954)

===''WOLFENDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Wolfenden|Wolfenden, Peter]] - 3ZPA Strathmore (1965) - amateur operator, historian (amateur, amateur broadcasting), journalist (WIA's &quot;Amateur Radio&quot;)

===''WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Wood|Wood, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M8-2V1] - 1909(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RQ Ipswich (1927-1931); 4PW Ipswich (1933-1939); 2EPW Banora Point - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 359, 1927, No. 39 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN, AR); engineer (IREE) - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Ipswich, 1931); radio dealer (Ipswich, 1937-1949; East Ipswich, 1954-1968); electrical dealer (Banora Point, 1977-1980)
===''WOODLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Woodley|Woodley, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-CYY] - 1909(???)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6BY Perth (West Leederville, 1930-1931); 6DJ Perth (Carlisle, 1946-1948; Victoria Park, 1954-1956; Maniana, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 680, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Claremont, 1936-1937); mechanic (Victoria Park, 1943); radio mechanic (Carlisle, 1949; Victoria Park, 1954; Maniana, 1963-1980) - Callsign possibly withdrawn for commercial

===''WOOKEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Bruce Wookey|Wookey, Robert Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DP1-GVW] - 1907(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Receive Geelong (1923-1924), 3RW Geelong (1925-1927), 3IC Geelong (1948-1974), amateur operator (AOCP 146, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk

===''WOOLACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Prosser Woolacott|Woolacott, Francis Prosser &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFL-94T] - 1903(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2ST Receive Sydney (Drummoyne, 1923-1924), 2FW Sydney (Drummoyne, 1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 119, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WOOLLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edgar Woollett|Woollett, David Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-HDP] - 1920(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2ZDE Sydney (Beverley Hills, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 202, 1956; AOCP 4292, 1965, NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone technician (Beverley Hills, 1949-1972; Narwee, 1977-1980)
* [[/N. Woollett|Woollett, N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Mosman, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 276, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ?
===''WOOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Ronald Woolley|Woolley, Leon Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L214-JQH] - 1898(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4FW Ipswich (1931); 4FW Townsville (1933); 4FW Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 751, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, ATC); employment (school teacher) - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Bell, Qld, 1919-1921; Newtown, Qld, 1925; Kia Ora, Townsville, 1931; Newtown, Qld 1934-1963)

===''WOOLNOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Stephen Woolnough|Woolnough, Archibald Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CG-9PK] - 1909(Vic)-2004(Vic) - Licences: 3BW Portarlington (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 519, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: business proprietor (Portarlington, 1931-1980) 
* [[/Walter Lyell Woolnough|Woolnough, Walter Lyell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CJF-LS3] - 1906(NSW)-1999(NSW) - 2GW Sydney (Killara, 1925-1927; Gordon, 1928-1930; Greenwich, 1931; Gordon, 1933-1936), 2GW Lithgow (1937-1939), Sydney (Gordon, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 153, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, licence held by father Walter George Woolnough till 1933, engineer

===''WOOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Meredith Wooster|Wooster, Horace Meredith &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Q-CGW] - 1909(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4VH Townsville (City, 1930-1939; Belgian Gardens, 1946-1948); 4VH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 623, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (Qld Railways, telegraphist; Qld Main Roads Dept); military (Army signals officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1931-1932; Norman Park, 1937; Townsville, 1943-1949; Yeronga, 1954-1980)

===''WORRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Albert Worrall|Worrall, Leonard Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTL5-L1L] - 1912(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 2XM Sydney (Parramatta, 1933-1934; Punchbowl, 1935-1936); 4XM Cairns (1937-1939); 4WL Brisbane (Stafford Heights, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1221, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Punchbowl, NSW, 1934-1936; Cairns, Qld, 1937); bank clerk (Wynnum, Qld, 1943); clerk (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954-1963); bank manager (Tarragindi, Qld, 1968); manager (Stafford Heights, Qld, 1972-1977)
===''WORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Worth|Worth, Sydney or Sidney Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBH-5Z3] - 1905(WA)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6SW Perth (Rivervale, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 958, 1927; 2COCP 223, 1930; 1COCP 226, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rivervale, WA, 1931); wireless operator (Nedlands, WA, 1936-1958)

===''WRAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward James Crawford Wraith|Wraith, Edward James Crawford &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KV2C-11D] - 1862(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Early wireless experimenter

===''WRATTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn James Wratten|Wratten, Mervyn James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-DV8] - 1918(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4MW Ipswich (Brassall, 1937-1939; North Ipswich, 1946-1947; Brassall, 1948-1980+); 4LX Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1956-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1932, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Ipswich ARC); military (WW2, CMF, AIF); employment (Cribb &amp; Foote, manager, radio section); business proprietor (Avon Theatre) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Brassall, Qld, 1943-1977; North Ipswich, Qld, 1980)

===''WRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Milroy Percy Wray|Wray, Ronald Milroy Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-QYM] - 1909(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2WX Sydney (Hurstville, 1929-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 472, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified
===''WREFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roger Norman Wreford|Wreford, Roger Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-N2X] - 1909(WA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 2ADC Broken Hill (1936-1937); 5RW Adelaide (Blackwood, 1938-1939; Mitcham, 1947-1954; South Brighton, 1955-1960; Crafers, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1714, 1936, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5DW-6IW Arthur Franklin Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Broken Hill, NSW, 1935-1936; Blackwood, SA, 1939; Mitcham, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Arthur Franklin Wreford|Wreford, Arthur Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3V1-92S] - 1898(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5DW Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1937-1939; Cumberland, 1947-1954); 6IW Perth (Armadale, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2037, 1937, SA; 2COCP 452, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Brother of 2ADC-5RW Roger Norman Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Kensington Gardens, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941; Cumberland, SA, 1943); civil servant (Gosnells, WA, 1954); technician (Armadale, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au/browse/person/133040 NAA]

===''WRIEDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Sjoberg Albert Wriede|Wriede, George Sjoberg Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKG2-VK8] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4DJ Receive Caboolture (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Cooroy, 1921; Miriam Vale, 1925-1958); retired (Gladstone, 1963)
===''WRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Wright|Wright, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SS Receive Scarborough (1923); 2SS Scarborough (1924-1925); 2SS Coledale (1926-1933); 2SS Coolah (1933); 2SE Scarborough (1935-1936); 2SE Louth/Bourke (1937-1938); 2SE Walgett (1939); 2SE Willow Tree (1946); 2SE Stanmore (1947-1950); 2SE Sydney (Guildford, 1954-1961); 2SE Quirindi (1965) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 118, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous Albert Edward Wrights in NSW, needs specific data to identify - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/A. W. H. Wright|Wright, A. W. H. &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 5BW Adelaide, 3AAW, 4TU Garbutt (-1950+, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Collis Page Wright|Wright, Collis Page]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1P-P9L] - 1912(Tas)-2004(Tas) - Licences: 7LZ Launceston (1933-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1099, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Launceston, 1936-1937); salesman (Launceston, 1943); draper (Launceston, 1949-1968)
* [[/Eric John Wright|Wright, Eric John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-P2G] - 1904(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Brisbane (Annerley, 1936-1939; Windsor, 1947; Buranda, 1948; Annerley, 1954; Buranda, 1955-1956; Ekibin, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1816, 1936, Qld; 3COCP 1471, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Annerley, Qld, 1937-1943; Annerley, Qld, 1949); waterside worker (Ekibin, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Frederick Harold Wright|Wright, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF95-LW1] - 1910(Eng)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6FR Perth (Buckland Hill, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, 1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1809, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Buckland Hill, WA, 1936; Mosman Park, WA, 1943-1963) 
* [[/William Henry Hilsdon Wright|Wright, William Henry Hilsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVF-RKL] - 1905(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4FA Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Murrays Creek, 1930; Ballandean, 1937-1949); teacher (Toowoomba, 1954-1963)

===''WYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Agar Wynne|Wynne, Agar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-6CN] - 1850(Eng)-1934(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1913-1914)
* [[/Alfred Percy Wynne|Wynne, Alfred Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L858-Q52] - 1885(Qld)-1966(Qld) - proprietor music business (Wynne's Music, Maryborough), proprietor broadcasting station (4MB Maryborough) - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Paddington, 1908; Mooloolah, 1909); commercial traveller (Mooloolah, 1912); piano tuner (Maryborough, 1913); salesman (Brisbane, 1916-1917; Mooloolah, 1919; Maryborough, 1919-1925); music store proprietor (Maryborough, 1928-1949); business manager (Maryborough, 1963)

=='''X'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;

=='''Y'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''YATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Gordon Yates|Yates, Kenneth Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-CJ3] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (Cottonville, 1939, 1947-1954; Westbourne Park, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2371, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Cottonville, SA, 1939-1943) 
* [[/Reginald Colin Yates|Yates, Reginald Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-QX6] - 1914(SA)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 5RY Wyalla (1935-1937); 2AGZ Wollongong (1938-1939, 1947); 2AGZ Sydney (Mosman, 1948-1950); 2AGZ Broken Hill (1954-1957); 2AGZ Newcastle (Hamilton, 1958-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1474, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1943); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949); engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1954); chartered electrical engineer (Merewether, NSW, 1958); professional engineer (Charlestown, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''YEATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Melville Yeates|Yeates, Henry Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G698-PXG] - 1912(Tas)-1980(???) - Licences: 7HY Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1621, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical contractor (Launceston, 1949-1954); salesman (Mosman, NSW, 1958-1977)

===''YORSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Sutherland Yorston|Yorston, Ernest Sutherland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY8-46D] - 1909(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3ES Melbourne (Caulfield, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 299, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1931-1937); sales (Caulfield, 1942; Elsternwick, 1949); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1954-1963); director (Oakleigh, 1967-1968)
===''YOUNG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Harold Young|Young, Ivan Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L118-BVF] - 1910(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4YG Brisbane (Albion) (1930-1939); 4YH Brisbane (Mitchelton) (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 708, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 315, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio technician (Mission Control Station, Thursday Island) - Electoral Rolls: nil (Albion, 1931-1937); public servant (Newmarket, 1943; Mitchelton, 1949-1980)
* [[/James Wolstenholme Young|Young, James Wolstenholme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TQ-Z2R] - 1909(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2JY Sydney (Turramurra, 1925-1934; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2JY Katoomba (1946); 2JY Sydney (Mona Vale, 1947-1948; Willoughby, 1950-1961; Middle Cove, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 189, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: articled clerk (Turramurra, 1932-1934), solicitor (Roseville, 1937; Katoomba, 1943; Willoughby, 1954-1977)
* [[/John William Young|Young, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6RN-2XX] - 1906(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4JY Brisbane (Rosalie, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Rosalie, 1938; Coorparoo, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 752, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Rosalie, 1931); clerk (Sandgate, 1936); storeman (Rosalie, 1937; Coorparoo, 1943-1963); commercial traveller (Coorparoo, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Anderson Young|Young, William Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89P-B3K] - 1897(Sct)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (West End, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 330, 1927, No. 34 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boot employee (West End, 1925-1937); bootmaker (Ashgrove, 1943-1954)

=='''Z'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ZECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Zech|Zech, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-YJG] - 1893(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XABQ Sydney (Annandale, 1912-1914), 2DL Sydney (Annandale, 1922, Receive), 2WZ Sydney (Annandale, 1925-1927; Ashfield, 1928-1930; Stanmore, 1933-1934), 2ACP Sydney (Enmore, 1937; Como, 1938), 2ACP Katoomba 1939 &amp; 1946-1975) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 424; no record of AOCP - early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gggf16oezdtoapyhuvg8nlejawmujjy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088368</id>
      <parentid>4088366</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:55:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Samuel.dellit</username>
        <id>1387936</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* EDWARDS */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1267437" xml:space="preserve">{{incomplete}}
{{WikipediaCredit}}

{{CompactTOC8|side=yes}}

Thumbnail Radio Biographies sorted alphabetically by surname

'''Many of the stars of Australia's Radio Universe'''

'''Covering the full gamut from hypergiants to brown dwarfs'''

'''Each lit the way forward to broadcasting in Australia'''

=='''A'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ABBISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Frederick Abbiss|Abbiss, John Edwin Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZJ-6H9] - 1907(Eng)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Balmoral, 1930; Morningside, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 581, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Evans Deakin shipyards) - Halcyon: p. 83, Abiss - Electoral Rolls: engineering draftsman (Morningside, 1936); draftsman (Coorparoo, 1937; Morningside, 1949-1977) 
===''ABBOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Nicholson Abbott|Abbott, Reginald Nicholson or Nicolson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FTG] - 1897(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3VR Melbourne (Alphington, 1923-1927); 3ABB Melbourne (Caulfield, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 273, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Alphinton, 1925-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949); technician (Caulfield, 1954-1977)
* [[/Roy Edgar Abbott|Abbott, Roy Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6MT-CZX] - 1902(NSW)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 2YK Dorrigo (1930-1931); 2YK Telegraph Point (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 668, 1921; AOCP, not yet identified; 2COCP 179, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Dorrigo, 1930; Telegraph Point, 1933-1937; Mittagong, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Thomas Kingsmill Abbott|Abbott, Thomas Kingsmill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHFH-4FH] - 1891(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 2TK Wingen (1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely military) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Graziers' Assoc NSW) - Comment: beware other contemporaneous TK Abbotts - Electoral Rolls: overseer (Muralla, 1913); grazier (Wollongong, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/209607 Obit]
===''ABRAHAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Abrahams|Abrahams, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G836-Y6P] - 1903(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3FA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6089, 1966 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (St Kilda, 1925-1931); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1935-1936; Malvern, 1943-1967; Toorak, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of Louis Henry Abrahams
* [[/Louis Henry Abrahams|Abrahams, Louis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GJ-GZP] - 1889(Vic)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1; director (Victorian Radio Interests Ltd); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: potter (Brunswick, 1909); tobacconist (South Yarra, 1912-1921); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1924-1926); burner (Brunswick, 1937-1942) - Relationships: brother of 3FA Frank Abrahams

===''ACKERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Adam Ackerman|Ackerman, Joseph Adam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZV-49L] - 1911(NSW)-1993(Qld) - Licences: 2ALG Sydney (Carlton, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2ALG Wentworthville (1950); 2ALG Sydney (Parramatta, 1954-1958; North Rocks, 1960-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2229, 1938, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Paddington, 1932; Annandale, 1933-1936; Kogarah, 1937-1943; Carlton, 1949); clerk (Parramatta, 1954-1958); senior supervisor (Wentworthville, 1963; Epping, 1968-1972); retired (Sans Souci, 1977; Hurstville, 1980)
===''ACKLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Daniel Ackling|Ackling, Harold Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD5F-8RK] - 1892(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2PX Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 612, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Randwick, 1913); machinist (Bankstown, 1930-1980)
===''ACKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Frederick Gloucester Ackland|Ackland, Stanley Frederick Gloucester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5PB-C2Y] - 1904(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Prospect, 1923); 5SF Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1931; Linden Park, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 21, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Burnside, 1939-1943)

===''ADAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Adams|Adams, Frank John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-29V] - 1880(Eng)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3XO Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3XO Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 155, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; manager - Electoral Rolls: motor garage proprietor (Brighton, 1913); garage proprietor (Elsternwick, 1919-1921; Brighton, 1922-1924); manager (Brighton, 1925-1954); nil (Brighton, 1963-1968)
* [[/Peter Harry Arthur Adams|Adams, Peter Harry Arthur &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3N-XMC] - 1909(NSW)-1984(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Sydney (Cremorne, 1923-1924); 2JX Sydney (Cremorne, 1927; Manly, 1929; Cremorne, 1930; Gordon, 1931; Woolahra, 1933; Epping, 1933; Cremorne, 1935-1936; Thornleigh, 1937; Waverton, 1938-1939; Denistone, 1946-1947; Avalon Beach, 1948-1950); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1954-1961); 2JX Sydney (Pymble, 1965-1969); 2JX Nambucca Heads (1975); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 380, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933); labourer (Epping, 1934); engineer (St Kilda, 1934); radio engineer (Thornleigh, 1937; Darlinghurst, 1943); engineer (Avalon Beach, 1949; Wentworth Falls, 1958); retired (Valla Beach, 1972-1977; Wentworth Falls, 1980)
===''ADAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Kenneth Adamson|Adamson, William Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MLXZ-HX5] - 1905(SA)-1982(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923-1924); 5WA Adelaide (Parkside, 1925-1927; Fullarton, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 135, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''AGNEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Gordon Carlisle Agnew|Agnew, Robert Gordon Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDKK-D8Y] - 1904(WA)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6RA Perth (Nedlands, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 721, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (North Perth, WA, 1925; Nedlands, WA, 1931-1972)

===''AKEROYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gordon Akeroyd|Akeroyd, Arthur Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F2-JXL] - 1890(Vic)-1948(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Meteorologist, Forecasting and Statistical Division, Victoria) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1915); meteorologist (Northcote, 1921-1937); civil servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/akeroyd-arthur-gordon-9321 ADB]

===''ALDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Oscar Edward Alder|Alder, Oscar Edward &quot;Ock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ2-D3P] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4JB Brisbane (Albion, 1928-1939, 1946-1948; Chermside, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 423, 1928, No. 47 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wool classer - Halcyon: p. 28, 84, 137 - Electoral Rolls: student (Albion, 1919); wool classer (Albion, 1925-1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); warehouse assistant (Chermside, 1949-1980)
===''ALDERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Zerbini Alderman|Alderman, Valentine Zerbini]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVL-F8N] - 1893(SA)-1919(SA) - Licences: XVC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALEXANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Talbot Meredith Alexander|Alexander, Talbot Meredith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1FJ-MZN] - 1888(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4TM Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1931-1933); 4TM Townsville (North Ward, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 315, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kew, Vic, 1912-1914); wireless instructor (Melbourne City, 1925-1926); superintendent wireless (Glenferrie, Vic, 1926-1927); sales representative (City, Brisbane, 1928); business manager (North Ward, Qld, 1936-1937); instructor (Paddington, Qld, 1943); commercial traveller (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949; New Farm, 1954-1958); retired (Moorooka, 1968-1977)

===''ALLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus John Allan|Allan, Angus John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2C-YWF] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5UL Adelaide (Ovingham, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2013, 1937, SA; 1COCP 458, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ovingham, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/John Allan|Allan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-PFG] - 1905(Sct)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Chermside, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1938, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous JAs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Mason Allard|Allard, George Mason]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HT-JMV] - 1866(Eng)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman of Directors (AWA); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Honours: knighted; K.B. - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Wahroonga, 1930-1937); accountant (Wahroonga, 1943-1949) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allard-sir-george-mason-4999 ADB]

===''ALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Allen|Allen, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69B-SGR] - 1902(Tas)-1969(Tas) - Licences: 7PA Hobart (New Town, 1933-1937; Moonah, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1171, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 7AL Thomas Arthur Allen - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (New Town, 1928-1936; Moonah, 1937-1954)
* [[/George Alexander Allen|Allen, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3H-DJK] - 1891(Sct)-1965(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 49, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Kenneth Douglas Allen|Allen, Kenneth Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N5-19J] - 1907(WA)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 2GX Sydney (West Ryde, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 648, 1930, NSW; 3COCP 4263, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Army, Royal Australian Engineers, Lieutenant, 1940) - Education: BSc (Syd Uni, 1933) - Electoral Rolls: student (West Ryde, 1930-1935); director (Woolwich, 1936-1937); soldier (Woolwich, 1943); engineer (Woolwich, 1963-1972; Hunters Hill, 1977; Gladesville, 1980)
* [[/Robert Kelvin Allen|Allen, Robert Kelvin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTK-TH9] - 1916(Qld)-1942(Indonesia) - Licences: 4PR Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1634, 1936, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 13 Squadron, Pilot Officer), (Halcyon, p. 177) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/allen-robert-kelvin-404945/]
* [[/Thomas Arthur Allen|Allen, Thomas Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SQ-9YN] - 1916(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7AL Hobart (New Town, 1936-1939, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne,1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1738, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 7PA Albert Edward Allen - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1943-1954); director (Lindisfarne, 1963-1972)
===''ALLINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Thirlmier John Allinson|Allinson, Lancelot Thirlmier John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L81B-F4P] - 1896(NSW)-1961(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 804, 1924 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radiotelegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Broome, WA, 1931; Como, WA, 1931; South Perth, WA, 1936-1943; Broome, WA, 1949-1954); telegraphist (Esperance, WA, 1958)
===''ALLSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Cottam Allsop|Allsop, Raymond Cottam &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJLT-SNJ] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XCA Sydney (Randwick, 1911-1914); 2YG Sydney (Randwick, 1924; Coogee 1924-1929; Roseville, 1930); 2AYG Sydney (Roseville, 1946-1947+); 2NA Sydney (Roseville, 1961); 2BL Sydney (Roseville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW); broadcaster (2BL, chief engineer); journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1920s); military (RAN Volunteer Reserve, Lieutenant; WW2 (RAN, Engineer Lieutenant); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 (obo Broadcasters Sydney Ltd; federal public servant (ABCB, member, 1953-1954) - Honours: Coronation Medal, 1937; OBE, 1971 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1930); engineer (Roseville, 1933; Gordon, 1937; Roseville, 1943); electronic engineer (Roseville, 1949); director (South Yarra, 1954); engineer (Roseville, 1958-1968) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allsop-raymond-cottam-ray-9344 ADB]; [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199001.pdf EA]
===''ALSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Russell Alsop|Alsop, John Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB3-WXQ] - 1906(Vic)-1973(Vic) - 3MI Melbourne (Kew, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 76, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''AMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Edgar Ames|Ames, Clement Edgar &quot;Clem&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDX-JF8] - 1889(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: XVG Adelaide (Torrensville, 1913-1914); 5AV Adelaide (Kent Town, 1923; Hindmarsh, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator 5WI (1925) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Allenby Gardens, 1939-43)

===''ANCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Leslie Finion Ancher|Ancher, Norman Leslie Finion or Tinian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-MCQ] - 1910(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 5NA Adelaide (Mile End, 1937-1939); 2NH Sydney (Lindfield, 1946-1947; Mosman, 1948-1954; Cremorne, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2057, 1937, SA; BOCP 476, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Chatswood, NSW, 1934); sound engineer (West Maitland, NSW, 1936); engineer (Mile End, SA, 1939; Rose Park, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949; Cremorne, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Cremorne, NSW, 1972); technical officer (Lane Cove, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''ANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Ronald Anderson|Anderson, Alexander Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-L6J] - 1914(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5GM Adelaide (Eastwood, 1936-1939, 1947; Payneham South, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1700, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Eastwood, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Andrew Oswald Anderson|Anderson, Andrew Oswald &quot;Oswald&quot;, &quot;Andy&quot;, &quot;A.O.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-Z8L] - 1885(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Mosman, 1913); manager (Rose Bay, 1930; Vaucluse, 1934-1935) - Links: [https://ozvta.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/anderson-oswald-1062017.pdf Bio]
* [[/Eric William Alfred Anderson|Anderson, Eric William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WX-744] - 1908(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3KH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1928-1931; Glen Iris, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 424, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); engineer (Camberwell, 1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1968; Burwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frederic Brian Anderson|Anderson, Frederic Brian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YN-TYJ] - 1918(Eng)-2008(SA)90yo - Licences: 5FA Tanunda (1934-1939); 5FA Waikerie (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1351, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tanunda, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/G. R. Anderson|Anderson, G. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Gilberton, 1923); 5GA Adelaide (Highgate, 1931-1933; Myrtle Bank, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Francis Anderson|Anderson, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JJ-WFL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JA Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3JA Nullawarre (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 661, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Warrnambool, 1936; Nullawarre, 1937-1980)- Comment: Several contemporaneous JFAs
* [[/Keith Sydney Anderson|Anderson, Keith Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-8J9] - 1911(WA)-1944(Vic) - Licences: 6KS Perth (North Perth, 1935); 6KS Mt Magnet (1937); 6KS Perth (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1487, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, 2nd/1st Infantry Battalion, Private) - Electoral rolls: bank officer (Mt Magnet, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/618137 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1691738 Roll of Honour]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10295040 AWM]
* [[/Maurice Bernard Anderson|Anderson, Maurice Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC3V-WL9] - 1908(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1923-1924); 5MA Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1925-1928); 3AMA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 103, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; fitter - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, Qld, 1931-1937)
* [[/Percy James Anderson|Anderson, Percy James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WN-6Y7] - 1908(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PA Melbourne (Westgarth, 1928-1933; West Preston, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PA Dooen (1965-1969); 3PA Geelong (Wallington, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 428, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Westgarth, 1934); engineer (Preston, 1936-1963); technician (Horsham, 1967-1968); retired (Wallington, 1972-1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3JR Christopher James Rainbow
* [[/Robert Arthur Crosbie Anderson|Anderson, Robert Arthur Crosbie &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VK-GZN] - 1908(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3WY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 691, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Camberwell, 1931-1949; Glen Iris, 1954-1967; Burwood, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''ANEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Anear|Anear, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XLK-9D6] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5LK Carrow (1929-1931); 9WZ Momote, Admiralty Islands (1954); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1955); 3AGF Melbourne (Laverton, 1960); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 556, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as Francis George Anear

===''ANGEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Benjamin Angel|Angel, Henry Benjamin &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWW-K4Y] - 1891(Eng)-1998(Qld, 106yo) - Licences: 4HA Brisbane (St Lucia, 1935-1939; Enoggera, 1946-1969; Lota, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1503, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW1, AIF Signals; WW2, AMF, Navy); business proprietor (radio service) - QSLs: Entire collection held by SLQ - Halcyon: p. 51, 60, 81, 163 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919; Toowong, Qld, 1919-1925); carrier (St Lucia, Qld, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Lota, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''ANSCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Arthur Anscombe|Anscombe, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TL-7LR] - 1888(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: turner &amp; fitter (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1913; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1914); mechanic (Albert Park, Vic, 1919); manager (Box Hill, Vic, 1927-1943)

===''ANTHONY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Henry Anthony|Anthony, Michael Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK3H-6B7] - 1894(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); telegraphist (Prahran, 1921-1924); clerk (Oakleigh, 1934); railway employee (Sandringham, Vic, 1936-1942); telegraphist (Sandringham, 1954-1963)
* [[/Reginald Major Anthony|Anthony, Reginald Major &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYN-YWG] - 1908(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5CM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1937; Medindie Gardens, 1938-1939; Prospect, 1946-1960; Somerton Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 324, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Wilfred Boykett Anthony - Electoral Rolls: Nil
* [[/Wilfred Boykett Anthony|Anthony, Wilfred Boykett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYJ-3HZ] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil identified - amateur receive operator, WW2 - Relationships: Brother of Reginald Major Anthony - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Netherby, 1939-1941)

===''APPERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Apperley|Apperley, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNQ-5XG] - 1887(NZ)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 704, 1922; 1COCP 237, 1931 - NZ Gov. Telegraphs pre 1910; British Colonial Gov, 1910-1912; AWA (from 1913; Chief Marconi Wireless School 1914-1916; Works Manager 1916-1919; technical superintendent 1919-1923; OIC Beam Wireless 1924; Traffic Manager, Beam Wireless - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1922); manager (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, Vic, 1931-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1943); engineer (Manly, NSW, 1954)

===''ARCHIBALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Wilson Archibald|Archibald, Ian Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-9LC] - 1902(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2BJ Receive Tingha (1922); 2KU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1928-1939, 1946-1955; Sans Souci, 1956-1965; Noraville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 457, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 2393, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1933); engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1936-1954); chemist (Sans Souci, 1958-1963); retired (Noraville, 1968)

===''ARGAET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stanislaus Argaet|Argaet, William Stanislaus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-8Z8] - 1894(NSW)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4KH Brisbane (Wynnum, 1931-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (Wynnum bus service) - Halcyon, p. 87, 127 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, 1925); bus proprietor (Wynnum, 1928-1949)

===''ARMATI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rex Gordon Armati|Armati, Rex Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2S42-XKH] - 1899(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4DB Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1921-1928); salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1936-1943); employment officer (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1954-1958; Kings Cross, 1963); shipping clerk (Surry Hills, 1968-1972)
===''ARMSTRONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Howard Armstrong|Armstrong, Edwin Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5ZX-354] - 1890(USA)-1954(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - USA inventor of the superheterodyne receiver [https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Club-of-America/Legacies-of-Edwin-Howard-Armstong-1990-11-Radio-Club-of-America.pdf RCA 1990 Special Edition]
* [[/Stanley John Armstrong|Armstrong, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4V-K7Y] - 1910?(NSW)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4ZK Brisbane (Enoggera, 1932-1933); 4SA Brisbane (Enoggera, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1004, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Windsor, Qld, 1919); clerk (Enoggera, Qld, 1922-1968)
* [[/Thomas Armstrong|Armstrong, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Q-GGZ] - 1895(Sct)-1964(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 217, 1916; 1COCP 132, 1930 - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD) - senior federal public servant (Superintendent, Wireless Branch, NSW, PMGD), promoted to role upon retirement of William Tamillas Stephen Crawford

===''ARNOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Sydney Arnold|Arnold, Albert Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M2W-ZG2] - 1882(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: XAB Sydney (Ashfield, 1911-1914) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1913-1954); company secretary (Hurlstone Park, 1958); retired (Hurlstone Park, 1963)
* [[/Edwin Charles Arnold|Arnold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8QX-H7J] - 1898(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2BY Receive Tamworth (1922); 2BY Tamworth (1923-1925); 2BY Coolah (1925-1927); 2BY Sydney (Manly, 1928; Mona Vale, 1933-1936); 2AGW Sydney (Manly, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 226, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Mona Vale, 1931-1934), clerk (Balgowlah Heights, 1943-1968)
* [[/Ernest Noel Arnold|Arnold, Ernest Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84H-8J6] - 1907(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Albury (1923-1924); 2OJ Albury (1928-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 452, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albury, 1930-1937); fruit merchant (Albury, 1949-1977)
* [[/Joseph Leslie Grahame Arnold|Arnold, Joseph Leslie Grahame &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L853-R3J] - 1912(Vic)-1991(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Launceston (City, 1934-1939; Invermay, 1946-1956; Mowbray, 1960-1969; City, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1263, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: textile worker (Launceston North, 1936-1954); mechanic (Mowbray, 1968)

===''ARTHUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Glendon Arthur|Arthur, Charles James Glendon &quot;Glen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-T62] - 1915(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences 4GJ Dayboro (1935-1939); 4GJ Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1450, 1935, Qld; BOCP?; 2COCP 493, 1941; 1COCP 639, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 80 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wagga Wagga, 1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, 1949-1980)

===''ASHBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. W. C. Ashbury|Ashbury, A. W. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ASHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice John Ashby|Ashby, Maurice John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX49-L1C] - 1901(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4DH Receive Dalby (1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 899, 1925; 2COCP 94, 1930; 1COCP 281, 1932 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Dalby, 1922); labourer (Greenslopes, 1925); salesman (Glebe, 1933; Northbridge, 1935-1936; Epping, 1937); radio telegraphist (New Farm, Qld, 1943); planning assistant (Haberfield, NSW, 1943; Pennant Hills, NSW, 1949; Thornleigh, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Avalon Beach, NSW, 1968-1972)

===''ASHLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Richard Ashley|Ashley, George William Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF96-CMZ] - 1919(Eng)-1999(WA) - Licences: 6GA Perth (Carlisle, 1938-1939, 1947-1954); 6GA Kalgoorlie (1955-1956); 6GA Perth (Mt Yokine, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2094, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlisle, WA, 1943-1949); communications officer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1958); clerk (Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''ASHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Robert Ashlin|Ashlin, Eric Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSRF-44C] - 1910(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4EA Brisbane (Annerley, 1931-1933); 4EA Toowoomba (1937-1939); 4EA Coolangatta (1946-1947); 4EA Bilinga (1948-1975) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 873, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Rosentengels, radio service); military (WW2; signals officer) - Halcyon: p. 73, 127, 163 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1943; Bilinga, Qld, 1949-1963); TV technician (Bilinga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''ASMUSSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Asmussen|Asmussen, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - Licences: 4ZJA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1965); 4FA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980+) - amateur operator, JOTA participant 1960s

===''ATHELSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. N. Athelstone|Athelstone, G. N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5NG Central Australia (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Joseph Atkins|Atkins, Kenneth Joseph &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCXH-NW7] - 1912(Eng)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (Semaphore, 1932-1939; Woodville Park, 1946-1948; Eden Hills, 1954; Blackwood Park, 1955-1960; Campbelltown, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 910, 1932, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 415, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Dept. Civil Aviation) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Semaphore, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)
* [[/Leslie Morton Atkins|Atkins, Leslie Morton &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCTV-T5T] - 1876(Vic)-1949(WA) - Licences: 4LA Townsville (1924-1926); 5LA Adelaide (Magill, 1926-1931; Tusmore, 1933; Erindale, 1937-1939); seems to have operated in Townsville as 4GD ca Nov 1924? - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (telegraphist, east-west overland telegraph, Eucla, 1910); engineer (PMGD, divisional engineer) - Halcyon: AOCP Townsville 1925, p. 88 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Eucla, 1903-1910; Victoria Park, 1912-1916); district engineer (Townsville, 1919-1925); engineer (Tusmore, 1939); retired (Lismore Base Hospital, NSW, 1943)

===''ATKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Marshall Atkinson|Atkinson, John Marshall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89L-C6R] - 1906(Eng)-1999(ACT) - Licences: 2RZ Sydney (Mosman, 1927-1930; Carrs Park, 1931-1936; Glebe, 1937; Chippendale, 1938-1939); 4RZ Labrador (1955); 4RZ Gatton (1956-1960); 4RZ Southport (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 331, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); organiser (Darlinghurst, 1943); shopkeeper (Gatton, 1958-1963; Labrador, 1968); retired (Southport, 1972-1980)
* [[/Noel Whittaker Atkinson|Atkinson, Noel Whittaker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2XX-V88] - 1908(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4WK  Brisbane (1929), 4NA Brisbane (1930-1935, Check), 4BT Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1946-1965+) - Qualifications: AOCP 530, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, business proprietor (radio sales &amp; service), federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: - radio mechanic (Camp Hill, 1937-1977) - (Halcyon, p. 102)
* [[/Reginald Aubrey Atkinson|Atkinson, Reginald Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V5M-WJC] - 1895(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4RA Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1928-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 412, 1928, No. 46 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1919); accountant (Rosewood, 1925); timber merchant (Yeronga, 1925; Thompson Estate, 1937-1949; Southport, 1958-1963)
* [[/Robert Henry Atkinson|Atkinson, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-2P3] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WZ Perth (Victoria Park, 1936-1939); 6WZ Geraldton (1947-1955); 6WZ Albany (1956-1965); 6WZ Katanning (1969); 6WZ Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1804, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Victoria Park, WA, 1936-1937); radio announcer (Geraldton, WA, 1943); broadcast station manager (Geraldton, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Albany, WA, 1958-1968); radio announcer (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''AUGUSTESEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Gerald Augustesen|Augustesen, Gordon Gerald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-LF9] - 1915(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4JN Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1932-1939); 4XQ Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1947-1948; Oakleigh, 1954-1960; Kenmore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1046, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, radar technician); business proprietor (Telair) - Halcyon: p. 85, 127 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mitchelton, Qld, 1943); manager (Auchenflower, Qld, 1949; Dorrington, Qld, 1954-1963; Kenmore, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''AUSTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emanuel Maxwell Austin|Austin, Emanuel Maxwell &quot;Mannie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-98K] - 1909(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2KZ Kurri Kurri (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 477, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clipper (Kurri Kurri, 1930-1980)
* [[/Henry Lashbrooke Austin|Austin, Henry Lashbrooke &quot;Hal&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4V2-LDC] - 1902(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BN Adelaide (Norwood, 1923-1928); 5AW Adelaide (Rose Park, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 101, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Victoria Park, SA, 1939; Rose Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Selwood Charles Austin|Austin, Selwood Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TVV] - 1902(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6SA Perth (Victoria Park, 1927; South Perth, 1930-1956; Maida Vale, 1960-1969; Morley, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 625, 1921; 1COCP 134, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother-in-law of Stanley Hogg - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Perth, WA, 1931-1958); police officer (Maida Vale, WA, 1963-1968; Kalamunda, WA, 1972); retired (Morley, WA, 1977-1980)

===''AVARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Avard|Avard, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-RRL] - 1901(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 620, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 88, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Northcote, 1925-1937); public servant (Kew, 1943-1977)

=='''B'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''BACKLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lincoln Backler|Backler, Eric Lincoln]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV8Q-6SK] - 1911(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5HK Kingston SE (1933-1939, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1093, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Kingston, SA, 1939)

===''BADENOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Herbert Lionel Badenoch|Badenoch, James Herbert Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-3XK] - 1913(NSW)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5LB Adelaide (Trinity Gardens, 1932-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1012, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BADER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Adolphus Frederick Bader|Bader, Henry Adolphus Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97M3-V5X] - 1866(Ger)-1928(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman, Trading Committee, Wireless Development Assoc (Perth); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WDA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (North Perth, 1913-1926)

===''BADGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Victor Badger|Badger, Albert Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9RY-9X6] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - 2YT Receive Sydney (Rozelle, 1923-1924), 2AB Sydney (Rozelle, 1925-1926; North Sydney, 1927-1929; Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1931-1934; Leichhardt, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 202, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator (Hobart East, 1919); picture operator (Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1934; Lilyfield, 1937-1972; Leichhardt, 1977-1980))
===''BAGST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. D. A. Bagst|Bagst, E. D. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5EB Adelaide (Woodville, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: individual not yet identified, possibly Elizabeth D. Bagst nee Boyle who married Leslie Bagst at Newtown, NSW 1925, possible YL operator

===''BAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leonard Bain|Bain, John Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4V-6SV] - 1891(Eng)-19??(NSW?) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 109, 1915 - ship wireless officer (pre WW1, WW1); journalist (technical editor, Listener-In, -1934+); clubs (IRE USA); WW1 (1916-1919); Associate Editor, Popular Radio Weekly (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Popular Radio Weekly, Victoria) - Education: B.Sc.(London) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1925-1936); journalist (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1937) - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10688424 AWM]
===''BAILEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bailey|Bailey, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKW-8PX] - 1882(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5GB Mt Gambier (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 79, 1915 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retired (Mt Gambier, 1939-1943)
* [[/Jack Harry Bailey|Bailey, Jack Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KG85-LZ4] - 1912(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4JC Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1299, 1934, Qld; BOCP 1902, 1961 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); electrical mechanic (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1954); teacher (Tarragindi, Qld, 1958-1963); college principal (Mackay, Qld, 1968); principal (Bundaberg, Qld, 1972; Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Howard Bailey|Bailey, Robert Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLM-1X6] - 1917(SA)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5NW Crystal Brook (1936-1939); 5NW Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1948; Huddleston, 1954-1960); 5NW Crystal Brook (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1764, 1936, SA; BOCP 673, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BAIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Allan Baird|Baird, Thomas William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKG-JVD] - 1886(Qld)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Receive Brisbane (Bayswater, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (AIF, 11 Field Company Engineers, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: gardener (North Pine, Qld, 1908); labourer (Bayswater, Qld, 1912-1913); storeman (Torwood, Qld, 1916-1943)

===''BAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Claude Baker|Baker, Andrew Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TG-RZ9] - 1897(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 144, 1915; 2COCP 193, 1930; 1COCP 303, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917; Rockhampton, 1919-1934)
* [[/Charles Whiteway Baker|Baker, Charles Whiteway]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL93-HYP] - 1905(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3VP Receive Bendigo (1923-1924); 3VP Bendigo (1925-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 156, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 451, 1942 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a &quot;listener&quot;); merchant - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bendigo, 1927-1931); merchant (Bendigo, 1934-1968; Kennington, 1972-1977)
* [[/Ernest James Baker|Baker, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-K5B] - 1904(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2FP Receive Newcastle (Maryville, 1922-1923); 2FP Newcastle (Maryville, 1924-1928; Wickham, 1929; Hamilton, 1930-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 69, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hamilton, 1930-1972)
* [[/Edwin Weldon Baker|Baker, Edwin Weldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWP-F1D] - 1895(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4CI Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 733, 1922 - amateur receiver - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: joiner (Northgate, 1919-1977)
* [[/John Frederick Thomas Baker|Baker, John Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY6-8XY] - 1908(???)-1977(Vic) - 3LF Melbourne (Northcote, 1927+), qualifications (AOCP 325, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, 
* [[/Herbert Edward Baker|Baker, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-245] - 1875(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Charleville (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; grazier - Halcyon: p. 81, 111 - Electoral Rolls: station manager (Charleville, 1903); grazier (Charleville, 1908-1943)
* [[/Sidney Charles Baker|Baker, Sydney or Sidney Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZSZ-J4H] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Receive Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1922-1924), 3BK Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1925-1933; Albert Park, 1937; South Melbourne, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Bonbeach, 1955-1969; Seaford, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 177, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (South Melbourne, 1937); optical mechanic (Carrum, 1963-1972); retired (Carrum, 1977)
* [[/Walter Ross Baker|Baker, Walter Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CY-D78] - 1905(SA)-1978(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)

===''BALDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Loris John Balderson|Balderson, Loris John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMVR-1RW] - 1895(Vic)-1932(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; RAAF (Flying Officer, Technical Branch, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: officer, RAAF (Footscray, 1924); flying officer (Werribee, 1925); flight-lieutenant (Werribee, 1931) - Links: [https://www.crossandcockade.com/uploads/Balderson.pdf Bio]
===''BALSILLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Graeme Balsillie|Balsillie, John Graeme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7MR-7MN] - 1885(Qld)-1924(USA) - radio business proprietor, senior federal public servant (PMGS, Commonwealth Wireless Expert), inventor, (Halcyon, not mentioned) - [https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/balsillie-john-graeme-5117 ADB]

===''BAMFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Bamfield|Bamfield, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM19-HNG] - 1892(NSW)-1918(NZL) - Licences: XQJ Corfield (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Halcyon: p. 3 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Muttaburra, Qld, 1913)

===''BANCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John Bancroft|Bancroft, Stanley John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Broadcast technician (2CY), federal public servant (PMGD, ABC)
===''BANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Edward William Banks|Banks, Harold Edward William &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S7-3BT] - 1911(NZL)-2000(Tas) - Licences: 7HB Hobart (North Hobart, 1938-1939; Richmond, 1946-1956; Penna, 1960-1965; New Town, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (New Zealand?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hobart North, 1936-1937); council clerk (Richmond, 1943-1954)
===''BANYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ingram Banyer|Banyer, Ingram]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9F95-CYX] - 1893(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: XVQ Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Blackwood, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BARBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel George Barber|Barber, Samuel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-66B] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5MV Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1933-1937; Woodville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1232, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Woodville, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM, Berri, SA, 1941; Glenelg, SA, 1943)
* [[/William Henry Barber|Barber, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY4N-QRD] - 1897(SA)-1965(WA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cumberland, 1923-1925); 5WH Adelaide (Cumberland, 1926-1931); 5WH Port Pirie (1933-1937); 6DX Kalgoorlie (1938-1939; 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 266, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1937-1963)
===''BARBIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alphonse Barbier|Barbier, Edward Alphonse or Alphonse Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-5TW] - 1904(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: 5MD Adelaide (Stockdale Reserve, 1932-1939; City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 958, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARBOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Heyward Barbour|Barbour, Kenneth Heyward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-1VZ] - 1905(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3ZI Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: AOCP 105, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARDIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Frederic Bardin|Bardin, William Frederic or Frederick &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;Old Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSS9-TG4] - 1899(Eng)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (North Carlton, 1923-1925); 4AB Townsville (1925-1927); 4AB Brisbane (Fairfield &amp; Yeronga, 1931-1933); 2ABZ Sydney (Ermington &amp; Dundas  1937-1939, 1946-1961+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 615, 1921; 1COCP 58, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); coastal radio operator (AWA); state public servant (4QG); federal public servant (Halcyon, p. 63) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1922); radio engineer (Townsville, 1925; Buranda, 1926; Fairfield, 1928); engineer (Dundas, 1936-1943; Eastwood, 1949-1968)

===''BARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Morphew Barker|Barker, Rupert Morphew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGH-7LM] - 1890(Eng)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 5RM Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1933); 7RM Hobart (City, 1947-1948; Lenah Valley, 1949-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely qualified in England) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; broadcast engineer (sound) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Yarra, Vic, 1931-1936; Hobart North, Tas, 1937; Hobart South, Tas, 1943); sound engineer (Hobart West, Tas, 1949); engineer (Moonah, Tas, 1954; New Town, Tas, 1963)
* [[/William Henry Barker|Barker, William Henry (R.?)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHGY-243] - 1905(NSW)-1956(NSW) - licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Concord, 1923-1924); 2BW Sydney (Concord, 1925-1931), qualifications: AOCP 217, 1925, No. ?? in NSW, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: electrical mechanic (Concord, 1930-1943), beware several contemporaneous William Henry Barker

===''BARLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Kenneth Barlin|Barlin, George Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2VX-DP3] - 1916(NSW)-2016(ACT) - qualifications (BOCP 67, 1937), long term employee 2CA Canberra, manager TV network
===''BARLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Barlow|Barlow, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-2FL] - 1895(NSW)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 2GQ Receive Armidale (1922); 2GQ Armidale (1922-1926); 2GQ Glen Innes (1927); 2GQ Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1928); 2GQ Canberra (1929); 2GQ Mudgee (1930-1931); 2GQ Sydney (Cammeray, 1933-1934; North Sydney, 1935-1936; Mosman, 1937-1939 &amp; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4, 1924, No. 3 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - TroveTag: &quot;2GQ - Edward Barlow&quot; - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mudgee, 1930-1932; Cammeray, 1933-1935; Milsons Point, 1936; Mosman, 1937); divisional returning officer (Bathurst, 1943; Mosman, 1949-1958)

===''BARNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Walter Barnes|Barnes, Thomas Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z6-PZ2] - 1910(Vic)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 3TB Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1929-1933; Moonee Ponds, 1937-1939; West Brunswick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 537, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 243,1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ascot Vale, 1931-1936); mechanic (Moonee Ponds, 1937-1942); electrical maintenance (West Brunswick, 1949-1980) - beware another contemporaneous Thomas Walter Barnes (1893-1925)

===''BARRACLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Barraclough|Barraclough, Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KL-MNY] - 1903(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4GY Brisbane (Kedron, 1933-1935); 4GX Brisbane (Kedron, 1935-1939; 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1075, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2); radio service (Palings) - Halcyon: p. 81 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Kedron, 1937-1972)

===''BARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Barry|Barry, William Lawrence (BMD) or Lawrence William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MK6C-NBK] - 1905(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4FQ Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: storeman (South Brisbane, Qld, 1929); taxi driver (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''BARTHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Lewis Barthold|Barthold, Godfrey Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKR-JWZ] - 1899(Vic)-1993(Vic) - 3GL Melbourne (Malvern, 1925-1927), 3BT Melbourne (Malvern, 1931-1939; Glen Iris, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 210, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, clerk (Malvern, 1924-1931), radio manufacturer (Camberwell, 1937-1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1972), retired (Mt Martha, 1977-1980)

===''BARTHOLOMEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Bartholmew|Bartholomew, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CZ-8YR] - 1861(Eng)-1942(NSW) - Licences: XBM Sydney (Mosman, 1911-1914); 2FO Receive Sydney (Kirribilli, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; company director (AWA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Milsons Point, 1930-1937) - Comment: famously charged and convicted of trading with the enemy during WW1 but only slapped on wrist (together with Ernest Thomas Fisk and Hugh Robert Denison)
===''BARTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gustavus Campbell Barton|Barton, Edward Gustavus Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ57-87Y] - 1857(Vic)-1942(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, scientist, business proprietor (Barton &amp; White) - Halcyon: not mentioned) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-edward-gustavus-campbell-9445 ADB]
* [[/Graham Francis Barton|Barton, Graham Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5P-KYT] - 1918(SA)-2005(SA) - Licences: 5BN Mt Gambier (1937-1939); 5BN Adelaide (Unley, 1947-1956; Malvern, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1993, 1937, SA; 1COCP 1709, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hyde Park, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Richard McRae Barton|Barton, Richard McRae &quot;Dick&quot;]] - 1940(???)-2021(Qld) - broadcast engineer, director engineering FACTS (1981-2001), ABU Engineering Award 2004, Fellow SMPTE, contributed to development DTV standards, chaired preparatory meeting to WRC 2000,  [https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/0a/07/R0A070000420001PDFE.pdf ITU Tribute]

===''BARTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graeme Bartram|Bartram, Graeme]] - historian (early Aus wireless: 2011 &quot;John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer&quot;[https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf])

===''BASIL-COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Frank Basil-Cooke see Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;
===''BASSETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rankin Bassett|Bassett, Francis Rankin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQZJ-28Y] - 1906(NSW)-1982(NSW) - 2FR Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1928; Arncliffe, 1929), 2FR Singleton, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 194, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother John Bassett
* [[/John Bassett|Bassett, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8M2-8XN] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2VO Receive Stroud (1923), amateur operator (AOCP 232, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother Francis Rankin Bassett

===''BATCHLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Victor Batchler|Batchler, Charles Victor &quot;Victor&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4NN-FXJ] - 1897(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: XZJ Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: Uncle of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: shift engineer (Waddamana, 1922)
* [[/Jack Copeland Batchler|Batchler, Jack Copeland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCSK-D8F] - 1910(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1932-1939); 3AJB Melbourne (1947); 7JB Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1948-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 957, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: nephew of XZJ Charles Victor Batchler; husband of 7YL Joyce Isabel Batchler nee Crowder - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Nelson, 1943-1949); no occupation (Nelson, 1972)
* [[/Joyce Isabel Crowder|Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-PKG] - 1915(Tas)-2015(Tas) - Licences: 7YL Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 1627, 1936, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL - Relationships: Wife of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Nelson, 1943-1972) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''BATE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Bate|Bate, Arthur John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKQ-PYC] - 1917(WA)-2010(SA) - Licences: 5ZA Adelaide (Adelaide City, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1891, 1937, SA; BOCP 1481, 1956; 1COCP 2049, 1967 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lister Bates|Bates, Jack Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGK-238] - 1912(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4UR Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1935-1939, 1946-1947; Lutwyche, 1948-1969; Toombul, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1430, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio Club (WIAQ, QSL Manager); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; WW2 - Halcyon: p. 12, 99, 137, 141, 145 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1943); labourer (Lutwyche, Qld, 1949-1958; Wooloowin, Qld, 1968); cashier (Toombul, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''BATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Henry Batt|Batt, Cecil Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLJ-5SB] - 1904(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Bothwell (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 434, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Bothwell, 1928); labourer (Melton Mowbray, 1936-1937)
===''BATTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Thomas Battle|Battle, Edmund Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6C8-G32] - 1890(UK)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener) - Electoral Rolls: teamster (Dorrigo, 1913); dairy farmer (Malanda, 1919); sawmill manager (Tumoulin, 1931); sawmiller (Ravenshoe, 1936-1937); timber merchant (Paddington, 1943); sawmiller (Albion, 1949)
===''BATTYE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Sykes Battye|Battye, James Sykes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V7W-HL5] - 1871(Vic)-1954(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - librarian; historian; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, special committee, Western Australian Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: librarian (Perth, 1910-1937); principal librarian (Perth, 1943-1949) - Links: [[w:James Battye|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/battye-james-sykes-5156 ADB]
===''BATY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Baty|Baty, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-BZX] - 1913(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MH Adelaide (Brompton, 1931; Pennington, 1937; Challa Gardens, 1938-1939; Lockleys, 1954-1969; Henley Beach South, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 757, 1931, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 160, 1934; BOCP 242, 1939; 1COCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Franklin, SA, 1941-1943)

===''BAUER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Thomas Bauer|Bauer, Alfred Thomas &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MSCM-QB1] - 1908(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4AT Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1933) &amp; Cairns? - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 333, 1927, No. 36 in Qld; CPRTelephony 1119, 1928; 1COCP 92, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); state public servant (4QG); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 67, 86, 111, 127, 130 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cairns, 1936; Camp Hill, 1937); radio tech (Camp Hill, 1943-1980)

===''BAXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Baxter|Baxter, Sidney or Sydney Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWX9-XWV] - 1915(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FJ Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1935-1939; Coorparoo Heights, 1946-1947; Cribb Island, 1948-1950; Camp Hill, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1569, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); employment (Trittons, radio service); business proprietor (radio service) - Halcyon: p. 76, 137 - Electoral Rolls: truck driver (Camp Hill, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cribb Island, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BEAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Beames|Beames, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NQJ-L17] - 1899(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: N754 Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IB Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Five Dock, 1930-1958; Linden, 1963-1980)

===''BEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Percival Reed Bean|Bean, Leslie Percival Reed]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHWZ-6ZZ] - 1884(Vic)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925); 2LP Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1928; Artarmon, 1929-1936; Pymble, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD (Elec. Engineer, 1904-1919); L. P. R. Bean &amp; Co (founder 1920-1926); Stromberg-Carlson (founder, 1927-1933+); Council IREAust - Electoral Rolls: electrical instrument fitter (Ascot Vale, 1909); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1912-1915; Artarmon, NSW, 1930); company director (Pymble, 1933-1943; Roseville, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Lindfield, 1958-1968)
===''BEARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Gordon Beard|Beard, Ernest Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2G-25R] - 1897(Eng)-1968(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 304, 1939 - broadcast engineer (United Distributors; 2KY; 2GB); inventor; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as consulting engineer, 2GB) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northbridge, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Northbridge, 1936-1937); wireless engineer (Willoughby, 1943-1949); engineer (Forestville, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://www.radiomuseum.org/dsp_hersteller_detail.cfm?company_id=12500 radiomuseum.org]
* [[/Norman George Beard|Beard, Norman George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9G-GSZ] - 1902(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 3DR Receive Balnarring (1922-1923); 2PK Wentworthville (1930); 2ALJ Sydney (Prospect, 1939; Toongabbie, 1946-1954; Brookvale, 1955; Dee Why, 1956-1961); 2ALJ Terrigal (1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 583, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; TVOCP 25, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Pendle Hill, NSW, 1930; Balnarring, Vic, 1931; Prospect, NSW, 1933-1937); RAAF instructor (Ballarat, 1942); teacher (Toongabbie, 1949-1954; Brookvale, 1958); retired (Terrigal, 1963-1972; Wendouree, Vic, 1977; Caves Beach, 1980)
===''BEARUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Andrew Bearup|Bearup, Herbert Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLJ-B1C] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: V740 Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922); 3GT Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Malvern East, 1921-1924; Caulfield East, 1925-1928); farmer (Bentleigh, 1934-1949); engineer (Highett, 1963-1967; Moorabbin, 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Bearup|Bearup, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J7R-T9D] - 1897(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 224, 1916 - studio manager 3LO (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as studio manager, 3LO, Victoria); WW1 (merchant navy) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Caulfield, 1924); radio engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1931-1937); manager (Roseville, NSW, 1943)

===''BEATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Beatson|Beatson, Robert John &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSJV-2D2] - 1909(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4BB Brisbane (Wilston, 1928); 4BB Maryborough (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 394, 1928, No. 44 in Qld; AOLCP 173, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator (WIAQ); broadcast engineer (4MB); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 68, 139, 141, 163, 164 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maryborough, 1931); radiotrician (Maryborough, 1937-1949); radio engineer (Maryborough, 1954-1980)
===''BEATTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Spencer Meurant Beattie|Beattie, Herbert Spencer Meurant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ65-KTL] - 1888(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3DV Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3DV Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Box Hill, Vic, 1914-1927); salesman (Thornleigh, NSW, 1930); electrical engineer (Cheltenham, NSW, 1934-1936); agent (Cabramatta, 1943); auctioneer (Ettalong, 1943); no occupation (Fairfield, NSW, 1954-1958; Flagstaff, NSW, 1963)

===''BECHERVAISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philip Bechervaise|Bechervaise, William Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVNP-4HQ] - 1831(Eng)-1907(Vic) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), employment (Victoria Posts and Telegraphs Department)
===''BECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Beavis Beck|Beck, Alan Beavis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR7-N8Q] - 1911(Vic)-1982(WA) - Licences: 5XW Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 370, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Shenton Park, WA, 1937; Myrtle Bank, SA, 1941-1943); research chemist (Subiaco, 1949-1980)

===''BEDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, Robert Arthur Buddicom]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC5Q-1KX] - 1874(Eng)-1951(SA) - Licences: 5RB Kyancutta (1924-1939; 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kyancutta, 1939-1941); retired (Kyancutta, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/buddicom-robert-arthur-5417 ADB]
* [[/William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, William Rudolf Buddicom &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Y3-X4Z] - 1909(Eng)-1972(SA) - Licences: likely operator of 5RB Kyancutta - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 1893, 1954 - WW2 - Relationships: son of 5RB Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kyancutta, 1939-1943)

===''BEECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Sidney Beech|Beech, Frederick Sidney or Sydney &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-6BC] - 1895(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4FB Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1930-1939; Norman Park, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 629, 1930, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; jeweller - Halcyon: p. 75, 76, 90 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Bulimba, 1917-1919; Coorparoo, 1919-1972; Norman Park, 1977)
===''BEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Beer|Beer, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CW Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923); 2CW Sydney (Ashfield, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: too many JBs to identify reliably, likely James Charles Beer living 70 Tranmere St, Drummoyne, engineer, 1930

===''BEGBIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Begbie|Begbie, Richard]] - historian (broadcasting), journalist, radio clubs (HRSA)

===''BELJON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robin Ernest Beljon|Beljon, Robin Ernest &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-VR3] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2RB Lithgow (1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 259, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lithgow, 1930-1934); turner (Lithgow, 1937-1943); foreman (Lithgow, 1949-1968); retired (Lithgow, 1972)
===''BELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Wirgman Dillon Bell|Bell, Francis Wirgman Dillon &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7QW-CM4] - 1896(NZ)-1987(NZ) - ZL4AA Waihemo, amateur operator, first to 2 way QSO New Zealand to Australia (Apr 1923), South America, USA (Sep 1924), England (Oct 1924, G2SZ); WW1 (gunner, France &amp; Belgium till invalided 1917) - Relationships: brother of Margaret Brenda Bell, first licensed female NZ amateur - Links: [https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4b20/bell-francis-wirgman-dillon Bio]; [https://www.soundarchives.co.nz/collections/catalogue/catalogue-item?record_id=222015 Sound Archives]; [https://www.zl4aa.org.nz/frank-bell-trans-world-radio-contact/ NZART Otago]
* [[/H. G. Bell|Bell, H. G.]] - 19??-19?? - 4HG Brisbane (South Toowong = Taringa, 1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 321, 1927, No. 33 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 111 - Callsign: later to Harry Brown - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Leslie William Gordon Bell|Bell, Leslie William Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-RQ5] - 1904(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4CY Receive Atherton (1923); 4LZ Jubilee Pocket (1969-1975); 4LZ Airlie Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4471, 1967, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Danbulla via Atherton, 1925-1928); farmer (Jubilee Pocket via Proserpine, 1954-1980)
* [[/Victor Frank Bell|Bell, Victor Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-FZ7] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6KR Perth (Subiaco, 1932-1933); 6KR Kalgoorlie (1937-1939); 6KR Perth (Nedlands, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 907, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1936); postal assistant (Leonora, WA, 1937); radio engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1937); telephone mechanic (Lamington, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1954)
* [[/Vincent Stephanus Bell|Bell, Vincent Stephanus &quot;Vince&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-W8G] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4VD Rockhampton (Rockhampton City, 1936-1937; Wandal, 1938-1939, 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1496, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; employed electrical business - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1936); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, Qld, 1937-1980)

===''BELSTEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Lempriere Belstead|Belstead, Roy Lempriere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1GN-CQF] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4EI Townsville (1933-1939); 4RU Winton (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1182, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 304, 1940; 1COCP 420, 1940; TVOCP 87, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, Townsville ARC); state public servant (Qld Railways); broadcast technician (2KY); business proprietor (Belstead Electronic Repairs, Winton) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hyde Park, Qld, 1931-1937); radio technician (Dee Why, NSW, 1943; Auburn, NSW, 1949; Lidcombe, NSW, 1958-1963; Auburn, NSW, 1972); retired (Winton, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Bennett|Bennett, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNP-GFM] - 1889(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager 2GB Sydney; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 2GB, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Mosman, 1930-1931); director (Mosman, 1933; Vaucluse, 1936); inspector (Darling Point, 1943); investor (West Pennant Hills, 1949); retired (Vaucluse, 1954-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bennett-alfred-edward-5207 ADB]
* [[/Clarence Herbert Bennett|Bennett, Clarence Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK1H-GMF] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 449, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, 1909-1963); retired (Brunswick, 1968-1972)
===''BENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Francis Wattis Bent|Bent, Arthur Francis Wattis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVG-5V7] - 1902(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3AF Geelong (1924-1939, 1946-1960); 3AF Torquay (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 199, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio dealer (Geelong, 1931-1954) - Electoral Rolls: turner (14 Coronation St, Geelong West, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Geelong, 1928-1954); radio serviceman (Torquay, 1963-1980)
===''BENTLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Ernest Bentley|Bentley, Frank Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93F-NPZ] - 1902(India)-1973(SA) - Licences: 5MK Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1931-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 833, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BENTZEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Louis Bentzen|Bentzen, Ivan Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4X-6P4] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4SS Brisbane (Newstead, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 964, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Bulimba, Qld, 1929); mechanic (Valley, Qld, 1936); carpenter (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1949); garage proprietor (Lutwyche, Qld, 1954); carpenter (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BERGIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Thomas Bergin|Bergin, John Thomas &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGP-GNM] - 1911(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5JB Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1364, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Max Wulfing Bergin|Bergin, Max Wulfing]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXQ1-QLP] - 1900(NSW)-1983(Cook Isls) - Licences: 2YP Receive West Maitland (1923); 2YP West Maitland (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ingham Berry|Berry, Arthur Ingham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WB6-6F5] - 1914(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1954; East Malvern, 1955-1956); 3CZ Warburton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 595, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Hawthorn, 1936-1937); architect (Kew North, 1943-1954); farmer (Warburton, 1963-1977)
* [[/Harold Alexander Berry|Berry, Harold Alexander &quot;Huck&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G869-8R6] - 1906(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (City, 1923); Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5JU Adelaide (City, 1930-1931; Keswick, 1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Kilburn, 1946-1975)  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 666, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: polisher (Kilburn, 1943)
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Berry|Berry, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG2-X6J] - 1906(NSW)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5DB Adelaide (Norwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1315, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Robert Henry Berry|Berry, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G342-ZR6] - 18??(???)-1971(Qld) - Licences: XQC Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; electrical business proprietor - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Rockhampton, 1912-1925); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, 1928-1968)
* [[/William Clive Berry|Berry, William Clive &quot;Clive&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBT5-3L8] - 1912(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Knockrow via Bangalow (1931-1936); 2AGM Byron Bay (1938-1938, 1946-1955); 2AGM Lismore (1956-1957); 2AGM Mullumbimby (1958-1960); 2AGM Byron Bay (1961-1965) - Qualifications: AOLCP 30, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 302, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Knockrow, 1933-1936); woodworker (Byron Bay, 1943-1954); contractor (Ballina, 1958); no occupation (Mullumbimby, 1958); manager (Byron Bay, 1963)
* [[/William James Berry|Berry, William James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D1-B78] - 1890(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4WB Brisbane (Yeerongpilly, 1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1295, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; instrument repairer - Comment: Several contemporaneous William James Berry's in Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1958-1963); mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1972-1980) -

===''BERTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Louis Bertram|Bertram, William Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDBP-NGS] - 1901(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: V738 Receive Rushworth (1922); 3GR Receive Rushworth (1922); 2KR Sydney (Waverley, 1929) - Qualifications: CPRT 920, 1926; 2COCP 97, 1930; 1COCP 34, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Rushworth, 1922; Brunswick, 1924-1928); telegraphist (Brunswick, 1931-1942); telephonist (Brunswick, 1949-1963); retired (Frankston, 1967-1980)
===''BESTED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julius Phillip Bested|Bested, Julius Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ6V-YSQ] - 1907(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Rose Park, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Salisbury, 1937-1939); 5CS Peterborough (1947-1948); 5CS Adelaide (Richmond, 1954-1960; Cumberland Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1995, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Salisbury, SA, 1939-1941)

===''BIBBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Cyril Bibby|Bibby, Frederick Cyril &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH58-5XF] - 1911(Tas)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3OL Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1939; Camberwell, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 681, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 38, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Camberwell, 1943-1968); operator (Camberwell, 1972-1980)
===''BINNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Binns|Binns, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-XTD] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - 2IE Receive Sydney (Kogarah, 1922), 2BJ Sydney (Kogarah, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 46, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''BIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Scorer Bird|Bird, Henry Scorer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWH-FTC] - 1902(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HB Melbourne (Sunshine, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Sunshine, 1924-1927); Government employee (Camberwell, 1928-1963); nil (Ashwood, 1968-1972) - Comment: 3HB callsign passed to Sunshine Radio Club 1924-1927 (prominent amateur broadcaster)
* [[/Leslie James Bird|Bird, Leslie James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6X2-N4N] - 1897(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Armidale, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Armidale, 1930-1935; Wellington, 1937); civil servant (Homebush, 1943) 
===''BISCHOFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Conrad Bischoff|Bischoff, William Edward Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YT-QB7] - 1911(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2LZ Sydney (Crows Nest, 1930-1937); 2LZ Wentworth Falls (1938-1939, 1946-1969); 2AKM Wentworth Falls (Portable, 1939); 2LZ Sydney (Naremburn, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 568, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 12, 1936; TVOCP, 346, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Naremburn, 1933-1937); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1943); radio technician (Wentworth Falls, 1949-1958); tele. engineer (Naremburn, 1963); engineer (Naremburn, 1972-1980)
===''BISHOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Elijah Bishop|Bishop, Clarence Elijah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKZ9-G7S] - 1896(WA)-1971(WA) - Licences: 6DD Receive Albany (1923); 6DD Albany (1923-1924); 6DD Northam (1924); 6LL Katanning (1936-1939); 6LL Perth (Claremont, 1948-1954; East Victoria Park, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1746, 1936, WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albany, WA, 1922); accountant (Katanning, WA, 1925-1937); clerk (Nedlands, WA, 1943-1954; Victoria Park, WA, 1958-1968)
* [[/Frederick Edward Bishop|Bishop, Frederick Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS3-GZQ] - 1882(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2FB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Kirribilli, 1930-1931); grazier (Mullaley, Gunnedah, 1935-1949)
* [[/Maurice Glanville Bishop| Bishop, Maurice Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDP-SVD] - 1908(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Middle Park, Vic, 1931); bank officer (Middle Park, 1935); bank clerk (Bank of NSW Quarters, Ouyen, 1936-1937); bank officer (Hawthorn, 1942-1949; Nelson, Tas, 1954)

===''BLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. C. Black|Black, F. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None identified to date - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 297, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: awaits identification, Port Lincoln, SA in 1926
* [[/William Hector Black|Black, William Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8J2-TCS] - 1912(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3WB Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939); 2WO Sydney (Mosman, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 663, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); bacteriologist (Mosman, 1943-1963); biochemist (Darlinghurst, 1968-1972)

===''BLACKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Howbery Blackman|Blackman, Herbert Howbery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2M-65N] - 1886(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: XOE Melbourne (East Malvern, 1913); 3PR Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923); 3PR Melbourne (East Malvern, 1924-1925); 3HA Melbourne (East Malvern, 1926-1927); 3HU Melbourne (Ashburton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 211, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1909); mechanic (East Malvern, 1913-1916); soldier (Royal Park, 1917-1919); electrician (East Malvern, 1922-1928); mechanic (Burwood, 1931-1968)
* [[/W. T. Blackburn|Blackburn, W. T.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Home Hill (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Searched William, Walter, Wilfred - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BLADES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alfred Blades|Blades, Ronald Alfred &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCS-L77] - 1916(Qld)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 4RX Toowoomba (1936-1939); 2VP Sydney (Haberfield, 1946-1947; Ashfield, 1948-1950; Dundas, 1954-1955); 2VP Melbourne (Blackburn, 1956); 2VP Sydney (Balgowlah, 1957-1969; Seaforth, 1975; Dee Why, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1775, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 615, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); broadcast technician (AWA) - Comment: Two Ronald Alfred Blades born in Qld 1916, 4RX 27/3/1916 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1949; Dundas, NSW, 1954; Balgowlah, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1977)

===''BLAIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Andrew William Blair|Blair, Keith Andrew William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK4S-ZXY] - 1911(Vic)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2DX Balranald (1930-1934); 2DX Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1937); 2DX Bega (1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 699, 1930, Vic; BOCP 276, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Balranald, 1932-1935; Randwick, 1936-1937; Bega, 1937); bank officer (Queanbeyan, 1949-1980) 
===''BLAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leslie Gilbert Blake|Blake, Robert Leslie Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L831-ZLW] - 1888(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3RG Castlemaine (1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 484, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Castlemaine, 1912-1919); house furn. (Castlemaine, 1924-1949)
===''BLANCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Henry Blanchard|Blanchard, George Edward Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV2-B4S] - 1899(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DN Sydney (Newtown, 1922-1926; Hurlstone Park, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 195, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Earlwood, 1930-1980)
===''BLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Bland|Bland, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-4RP] - 1902(India)-1955(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Alberton, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Alberton, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 765, 1923 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio manufacturer (Tusmore, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BLUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Blue|Blue, Harry William]] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - 2YI Liverpool (1933), 2YI Albury (1934-1936), 9KO Rabaul (1937), 2YI Broken Hill (1938-1939), 2YI Sydney (Kingsford, 1946; Auburn, 1947-1980+, amateur operator (AOCP 1034, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, A.A.M.S.
===''BLUNDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Verge Blunden|Blunden, Godfrey Verge]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNG-22L] - 1906(Vic)-1996(France) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Wireless Weekly (editor, 1930s) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (North Sydney, 1930; East Sydney, 1933-1936)
* [[/Leon Walter Blunden|Blunden, Leon Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KT-SMV] - 1914(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5BH Adelaide (Firle, 1935-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1535, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Douglas Boast|Boast, Harold Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2VW-3D4] - 1906(Eng)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3AX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1939); 3AX Lubeck (1946-1969); 3AX Melbourne (Frankston, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 404, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 55, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Elsternwick, 1931-1936); radio engineer (3LK Lubeck, 1942-1968); retired (Frankston, 1972-1977)
===''BOILEAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Boileau|Boileau, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-HLQ] - 1893(SA)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4JT Port Moresby (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Byron Bay, NSW, 1943-1954)

===''BOLGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Joseph Bolger|Bolger, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-VDD] - 1867(Irl)-1941(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Deputy Director of Navigation, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: master mariner (Williamstown, 1914-1917); public servant (Elsternwick, 1919); master mariner (Elsternwick, 1931-1937)

===''BOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Francis Bond|Bond, Rupert Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZHS-QB3] - 1886(Vic)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rockhampton, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1912-1937; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''BONGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gysbert Sheldon Bongers|Bongers, Gysbert Sheldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7F9-DXK] - 1900(NSW)-1948(NSW) - Licences: N745 Receive Sydney (1922-1923); 2HY Sydney (Rockdale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Rockdale, 1930-1935; Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1937); engineer (Woollahra, 1943)

===''BONNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Coleman Bonner|Bonner, Alfred Coleman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MV14-MTM] - 1854(Tas)-1930(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Legana (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914-1922); no occupation (Legana, 1928)
===''BONNERUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Madsen Bonnerup|Bonnerup, Peter Madsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F5-RC8] - 1890(Tas?)-1976(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as patent attorney, WA) - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Nedlands, 1922; South Perth, 1925-1972) - Links: [https://www.carnamah.com.au/bio/peter-madsen-bonnerup Bio]
===''BONNINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Archibald Bonnington|Bonnington, John Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Y-1JP] - 1909(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931); 2AKB Sydney (Avalon Beach, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 569, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3AirOCP 16, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Broken Hill, 1931); engineer (Woollahra, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); air pilot (Avalon Beach, 1949-1963)
===''BONWILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Warren Bonwill|Bonwill, Edward Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J35-NNV] - 1869(USA)-1945(NSW) - Licences: XBP Sydney (1912-1914); 2CA Receive Cowra (1922); 2CA Cowra (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Barellan, 1930; Cowra, 1934-1937; Lithgow, 1937-1943)

===''BOTTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Botten|Botten, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-8QJ] - 1895(SA)-1973(???) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (CBD, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930); radio manager (Darlinghurst, 1933-1936); manager (Darlinghurst, 1937-1958)

===''BOUCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Reid Bouchard|Bouchard, Victor John Reid &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93B-52C] - 1897(Qld)-1936(Qld) - 4BY Receive Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur club administrator - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Auchenflower, 1921-1926); clerk (Buranda, 1928)
===''BOULTBEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Walker Boultbee|Boultbee, Kenneth Walker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMWB-1Q4] - 1905(Tas)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: agent (Taringa, Qld, 1928-1958; Corinda, Qld, 1963-1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Broadbeach, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BOUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Boundy|Boundy, George Henry]] - 1866(Vic)-1932(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), early wireless experimenter, radio clubs (WIQ), state public servant (P&amp;TQ, engineer), federal public servant (PMGD, engineer)

===''BOURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Bourke|Bourke, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V734 Receive Yarck (1922); Receive 3GP Yarck (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BOURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Frederick Bourne|Bourne, Francis Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX55-9GM] - 1916(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5BU Adelaide (Unley, 1935-1939; Wayville, 1947; Malvern, 1948-1954; Blackwood, 1955-1965; Belair, 1969); 5BU Keith (1975); 5BU Naracoorte (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1593, 1935, SA; 2COCP 1282, 1953; 1COCP 1722, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Germain Bowden|Bowden, Eric James Germain]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7T7-YC2] - 1894(Tas)-1984(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD Wireless Inspector, Hobart, 1920s &amp; 1930s; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as equipment engineer, PMGD, Tas) - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: junior assistant engineer (Hobart North, 1922); engineer (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Frank Prosser Bowden|Bowden, Frank Prosser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MP-G4L] - 1860(Tas)-1934(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, Tas PMGD, Federal PMGD - Relationships: father of Eric James Germain Bowden and John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1928)
* [[/John Gibson Bowden|Bowden, John Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJZ-V69] - 1906(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified  - employee of Medhurst Electrical - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of Eric James Germain Bowden - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1928); electrical mechanic (New Town, 1936-1937); engineer (Nelson, 1943-1963)
* [[/Ronald Stanley Bowden|Bowden, Ronald Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQGS-F9R] - 1900(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albion, Qld, 1921); car driver (Wilston, Qld, 1934); car proprietor (Newmarket, Qld, 1936-1943); store keeper (Urangan, Qld, 1949-1954); farmer (Mundubbera, Qld, 1958-1963); retired (Urangan, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BOWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Keith Bowen|Bowen, Harold Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-7SZ] - 1913(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5KB Adelaide (Maylands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1049, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Tranmere, SA, 1943)
* [[/Joseph La Venture Bowen|Bowen, Joseph La Venture or Laventure]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPP-MLB] - 1917(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4LB Brisbane (Hamilton, 1935-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1445, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1958); public servant (Kedron, Qld, 1963)
===''BOWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Nigel Bowman|Bowman, Hubert Nigel &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4PT-FY3] - 1908(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FM Adelaide (Payneham, 1932-1933; Royston Park, 1937; Payneham, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Mitcham, 1954-1956); 5FM Crystal Brook (1960); 5FM Bridgewater (1965-1980+); 5FN Portable (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 911, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 259, 1939; BOCP 282, 1940; 1COCP 354, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Boyd|Boyd, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-VM7] - 1897(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XNO Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EL Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3EL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1924-1925; Caulfield, 1925-1927; Elwood, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 104, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio engineer (3UZ, 1920s); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1924); manager (Caulfield, 1926-1928); engineer (Elsternwick, 1931-1937); electrician (St Kilda, 1949-1963); retired (Caulfield, 1967-1977)

===''BRADBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. J. Bradbury|Bradbury, B. J.]] - abt 1887(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''BRADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Keith Bradford|Bradford, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-VC5] - 1912(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4KK Millmerran (1936-1939, 1947-1975); 4KK Drillham (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1750, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Millmerran, Qld, 1934-1937); farmer (Millmerran, Qld, 1943-1954); radio dealer (Millmerran, Qld, 1958-1968); farmer (Drillham, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Richard Bradford|Bradford, John Richard]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief electrical engineer, Qld, PMGD)

===''BRADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Randell Bradley|Bradley, Frank Randell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G973-F7P] - 1884(SA)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3ZK Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1930); 2JB Sydney (Mosman, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2, 1924, No. 1 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, Superintendant Telegraphs Vic, 1928; Deputy PMG Qld; NSW); historian (telegraphs) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Sandringham, Vic, 1914-1924; Mosman, NSW, 1933-1943); no occupation (Killara, NSW, 1954-1963)
===''BRAGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Bragg|Bragg, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFQ-9N6] - 1862(Eng)-1942(Eng) - Early wireless experimenter, academic (University of Adelaide, 1885-1908), physicist, chemist, mathematician, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his son William Lawrence Bragg, son-in-law of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:William Henry Bragg|Wikipedia]]
* [[/William Lawrence Bragg|Bragg, William Lawrence &quot;Lawrence&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWXT-CLR] - 1890(SA)-1971(Eng) - participated as a youth in his father's early wireless experiments, academic (University of Adelaide), physicist, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his father William Henry Bragg, grandson of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:Lawrence Bragg|Wikipedia]]
===''BRAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. F. Brain|Brain, S. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZD Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: likely related XFR V. J. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/V. J. Brain|Brain, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XFR Sydney (Ashfield, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: likely related 2ZD S. F. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRAMLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Alfred Bramley|Bramley, John Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorayne Branch|Branch, Lorayne]] - Living - author (&quot;Henry Sutton, The Innovative Man&quot;), historian (Henry Sutton)
===''BRANDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Frank Brandon|Brandon, Eric Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPK-2ZY] - 1907(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5FB Wilmington (1933-1939); 5FB Adelaide (Prospect, 1948); 5FA Oodnadatta (1965); 5FA Ramco (1969-1975); 5FA Adelaide (Blair Athol, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1145, 1933, SA; 2COCP 140, 1938; 1COCP 183, 1938; BOCP 201, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BRANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Mervyn Branks|Branks, Albert Mervyn &quot;Merv&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-88K] - 1906(NZ)-1978(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1920s to 1970s, DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tribute]

===''BREDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wynne Steere Breden|Breden, Wynne Steere]] - 1900(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Rx Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923), 2WS Newcastle (Newcastle, 1924-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 9, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, shipyard business
===''BREMERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Frederick Bremerman|Bremerman, Harold Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-QWC] - 1903(Eng)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Aspley (1955-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1267, 1934, Qld; COCP (Eng) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (WIAQ, Life Member; Brisbane DX Club); employment (electrician, Courier Mail, Besley &amp; Pike, Mt. Olivett Hospital); pilot; UK Merchant Navy 1920s - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Albion, Qld, 1928); mechanic (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Aspley, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BRENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan James Brennan|Brennan, Allan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TR-SNJ] - 1887(Vic)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 31, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BREWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip John Brewer|Brewer, Phillip or Philip John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVKH-MNW] - 1900(WA)-1948(SA) - Licences: 5JA Adelaide (Parkside, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 269, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Parkside, 1939-1943)

===''BRIDGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Bridger|Bridger, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85V-2YT] - 1885(UK)-1941(NT) - Licences: 4AP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4AP Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer; public servant; WW1 (2nd Aust Flying Squadron, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West Perth, 1914); consulting engineer (Auchenflower, 1925); poultry farmer (Geebung, 1928); engineer (Armadale, 1934-1937) - Directories: electrical engineer (Adelaide, 1915; Melbourne, 1917-1921; Brisbane, 1923-1927; Adelaide, 1930) 
===''BRIDGES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Claud Bridges|Bridges, Frank John Claud or Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHRF-XHR] - 1885(NZ)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 141, 1915; 2COCP 182, 1930; 1COCP 279, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Esperance, 1921-1949); retired (Esperance, 1958-1963)

===''BRIGGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Robert Briggs|Briggs, Donald Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5B-1TN] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (Walkerville, 1935-1939; Henley Beach, 1947; South Plympton, 1954-19600; 5HB Adelaide (Morphett Vale, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1490, 1935, SA; 2COCP 413, 1941; BOCP 373, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939)

===''BRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Herbert Bright|Bright, William Henry Herbert &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQH-GSX] - 1898(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Spark; 4FA Toowoomba (1923); 4AA Toowoomba (1924-1925); 4WB Toowoomba (1925-1927); 4OO Toowoomba (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 123, 1925, No. 13 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: callsign 4AA withdrawn by PMGD for their use - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toowoomba, 1919-1943); clerk (Toowoomba, 1949); mechanic (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)

===''BRIMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Campbell Brimble|Brimble, Charles Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5L-9GH] - 1915(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5CB Adelaide (Somerton, 1935-1939, 1947-1948; Somerton Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1446, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Somerton, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BRIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Marcus John Gordon Brims|Brims, Marcus John Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZWB-S11] - 1888(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: XQA Mareeba (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; business proprietor (plywood &amp; veneer manufacture) - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Mareeba, 1912-1913); foreman joiner (Milton, 1921); timber merchant (Milton, 1925-1931); plywood manufacturer (Annerley, 1937-1958); business manager (Annerley, 1963-1980)

===''BRISTOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morrison Bristow|Bristow, John Morrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPL-DLJ] - 1908(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZX Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 243, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: advertising manager (Neutral Bay, 1930-1935); manager (Gordon, 1937-1943); company manager (Pymble, 1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954-1980)

===''BROCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Edward Earl Brock|Brock, Hector Edward Earl]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VQL-BTC] - 1902(Vic)-1962(SA) - Licences: 3ZC Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924); 5DP Adelaide  (North Adelaide, 1924-1927; Malvern, 1927-1938); 5UZ Adelaide (Fullarton, 1954-1956; Nailsworth, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 25, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; University of Adelaide (Demonstrator &amp; Technical Assistant, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1924); no occupation (Malvern, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BROINOWSKI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leopold Thomas Broinowski|Broinowski, Leopold Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6FR-SMR] - 1871(Vic)-1937(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Hobart Mercury, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1914-1937)

===''BROOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilberforce Henry Liddon Brooke|Brooke, Wilberforce Henry Liddon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB61-69T] - 1891(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Terrigal (1930-1936); 2BR Dora Creek (1937-1939, 1946-1958); 2BR Paterson (1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 638, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Jerry's Plains, 1930; Terrigal, 1931-1937; Dora Creek, 1954-1958; Paterson, 1963-1968)
===''BROOKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Brookes|Brookes, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSJ-GV6] - 1911(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BA Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, 1938-1939; Wooloowin, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1641, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1954); waterside Worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1958)

===''BROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Milton Brooks|Brooks, Albert Henry Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT1Q-DVK] - 1901(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5KG Adelaide (Grange, 1933-1939; Croydon, 1946-1960+); 5AH Adelaide (Ridleton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1170, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Croydon, 1939); railway employee (Croydon, 1941-1943) - Relationships: likely related to 7JB John Vickery Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks
* [[/John Vickery Brooks|Brooks, John Vickery &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHXL-RK8] - 1905(SA)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 37, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer; originally from Adelaide - Relationships: likely related to 5KG Albert Henry Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart South, 1928; Malvern, Vic, 1954-1980)

===''BROOMHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Broomhall|Broomhall, Charles Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7NZ-2SV] - 1891(Vic)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 729, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geraldton, 1916); mechanic (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925; Canning Bridge, 1931-1937; Applecross, 1943-1954); retired (Bickley, 1958-1963)

===''BROWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan George Brown|Brown, Alan George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G849-43Y] - 1909(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3CX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1937; Upper Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Canterbury, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 446, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931); public servant (Auburn, 1936-1937); RAAF (St Kilda North, 1943); civil servant (Auburn, 1949); clerk (Deepdene, 1954; Camberwell North, 1963-1968)
* [[/Alan Weymouth Brown|Brown, Alan Weymouth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSKH-1N5] - 1902(Tas)-1938(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Listeners' League, Hobart (assistant secretary); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Assistant Secretary, Listeners' League, Hobart, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Alfred Louis Brown|Brown, Alfred Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQV-4SS] - 1885(Eng)-1971(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as general manager, 5CL, SA) - Electoral Rolls: instrument maker (Claremont, WA, 1910); optician (Applecross, 1916-1917); director (Kew, Vic, 1926); engineer (Cottesloe, 1936-1937)
* [[/Bruce Kevin Brown|Brown, Bruce Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S4-CV1] - 1920(Tas)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 7QZ Launceston (1937-1939); 2AQZ Sydney (Meadowbank, 1954-1969; Annangrove, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1942, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 303, 1940; 1COCP 492, 1941; TVOCP 1014, 1968 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Meadowbank, 1943-1968); technician (Annangrove, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Clarence Roy Brown|Brown, Clarence Roy]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - founder of 5KA Class B Adelaide; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 5KA, SA) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Clifford Walter Brown|Brown, Clifford Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCV5-M8M] - 1906(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6CB Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 640, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Subiaco, 1931-1937); traveller (Nedlands, 1943-1963); business manager (Wembley, 1968); manager (Morley, 1972; Dianella, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Makepeace Brown|Brown, Frank Makepeace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H5-2M5] - 1911(WA)-2006(WA) - Licences: 6FB Mullewa (1939; 1946-1948); 6FB Bassendean (1954-1960); 6FB Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969; Rossmoyne, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 2375, 1939, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Northam, 1936; Bassendean, 1943); civil servant (Mullewa, 1949); telephone technician (Bassendean, 1954-1963); civil servant (Doubleview, 1968-1972); telephone technician (Rossmoyne, 1977-1980)
* [[/George D. Brown|Brown, George D.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-JFD] - 1875(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DB Brisbane (Ascot, Qld, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1970, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous GBs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Percy Brown|Brown, Harry Percy &quot;Horsepower&quot;, &quot;Poo Bah&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1R8-R1W] - 1878(Eng)-1967(NSW) - senior federal public servant (Director-General, Posts and Telegraphs); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Secretary, PMGD) - Links: [[w:Harry Brown (public servant)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brown-sir-harry-percy-5384 ADB]; [https://telegramsaustralia.com/Forms/Special%20developments/People/Brown.html Telegrams Australia]
* [[/Hector Mervyn Brown|Brown, Hector Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9TY-HSC] - 1906(NSW)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5MB Adelaide (Torrensville, 1927-1928; Southwark, 1931-1933, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 345, 1927, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 402 1932; 1COCP 333, 1933) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BH, 1937), PMGD SA (mechanic, retired 1940) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1937), engineer (Thebarton, 1941-1943)
* [[/Herbert George Brown|Brown, Herbert George &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5BH-NGV] - 1887(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4BH Booval (1928-1930); 4HG Booval (1931); 4HG Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 4BH Brisbane (Graceville, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 455, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (Ipswich); railways employee - Callsign: withdrawn for 4BH Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ipswich, Qld, 1925; Redbank, Qld, 1929)
* [[/Herbert Rufus Brown|Brown, Herbert Rufus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HL-T23] - 1894(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3NN Receive Yanac (1923); 3NN Yanac (1924-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 271, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Yanac, 1919-1977)
* [[/J. R. Brown|Brown, J. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Southport (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James McGladdery Brown|Brown, James McGladdery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW18-TCK] - 1882(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4BJ Aramac (1929-1933); 4BJ Rockhampton (1937); 4BJ Bundaberg (1947-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 480, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: porter (Rockhampton, 1905); station master (Finch Hatton, 1913); labourer (Mackay, 1919);  motor car proprietor (Baralaba, Mt Morgan, 1925); guard (Aramac, 1928-1937); retired (Maryborough, 1954-1963; Ascot, 1963) - Relationships: father of Victor James Caldwell Brown, the likely actual amateur operator
* [[/John Henry Shadwell Brown|Brown, John Henry Shadwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-7M4] - 1897(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2JK Sydney (Botany, 1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 926, 1926; 1COCP 154, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Botany, 1930-1958)
* [[/Joseph Brown|Brown, Joseph &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQH2-YSM] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Hobart (Battery Point, 1934-1939; New Town, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1255, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 5, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (7ZL, Hobart TV); public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Battery Point, 1936-1937); civil servant (New Town, 1943-1972)
* [[/Leonard Austin Brown|Brown, Leonard Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX21-FFX] - 1915(Vic)-1957(SA) - Licences: 3OP Melbourne (Camberwell, 1931-1933); 5OP Adelaide (Eastwood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 814, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, Vic, 1936; Eastwood, SA, 1939; Unley Park, SA, 1941)
* [[/Robert Brown|Brown, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart Central, 1919; Moonah, 1928); fitter (Hobart North, 1958)
* [[/Victor James Caldwell Brown|Brown, Victor James Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBKS-2T7] - 1907(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - Qualifications: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: wardsman (Aramac, 1928); guard (Aramac, 1930); baker (Rockhampton, 1936); radio mechanic (Barcaldine, 1943; Bundaberg, 1949-1963) - Relationships: son of James McGladdery Brown - note electoral roll addresses for Victor James precisely align with 4BJ addresses whereas those for James McGladdery do not
* [[/William Francis Brown|Brown, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-4DL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BB Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3BB Melbourne (Richmond, 1937); 9BB Wau, New Guinea (1938); 2ANP Sydney (Bundeena, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 704, 1930, Vic; 2COCP 92, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Richmond, 1937) - Comment: many contemporaneous WFBs

===''BROWNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Vincent Browne|Browne, Robert John Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLZ-BY6] - 1907(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4RB Brisbane (Toowong, 1925-1939; New Farm, 1946-1956; Dorrington, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 92, 1925, No. 10 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Clevedon, 4QN, 1943); technician (New Farm, 1949-1954); teacher (Dorrington, 1958-1968)

===''BROWNLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Frank Brownless|Brownless, Sidney Frank &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-M5S] - 1915(Eng)-1995(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); military (WW2, RAF, radar research); clubs &amp; societies (IREE); author (&quot;The Sharing of Television Channels&quot;, ABCB, 1973 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Albert Park, 1954-1980)

===''BRUCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Bruce|Bruce, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPX-XN9] - 1913(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5GB Adelaide (Prospect, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1925, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Arthur Bruce|Bruce, Robert Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR18-SKL] - 1900(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5BJ Adelaide (Glenelg, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 357, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenelg, 1939-1943)
* [[/Robert William Bruce|Bruce, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTC-Z1J] - 1899(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926-1928; East Malvern, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 283, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1926; Malvern East, 1931-1967)

===''BRUNSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Thomas Brunsden|Brunsden, Herbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NR-JJR] - 1909(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: 2BX Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 649, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 258, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Leichhardt, 1930-1937) - Comment: Gone too soon

===''BRYCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ramsay Auld Bryce|Bryce, Ramsay Auld]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH9T-FL2] - 1914(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AB Ipswich (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4AB Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1954-1969); 4AC Portable Ipswich (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1935, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (North Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio serviceman (North Ipswich, Qld, 1943); theatre proprietor (Palm Beach, Qld, 1949); showman (Palm Beach, Qld, 1954-1958); projectionist (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1972)

===''BRYSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royal William Bryson|Bryson, Royal William &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ9P-5KJ] - 1886(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: XJJ Melbourne (Richmond, 1913); 3JM Receive Melbourne (Kew, 1922-1923); 3JM Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 50, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Richmond, 1914-1916); electrical fitter (Kew, 1919-1937); electrician (Croydon, 1943-1954)

===''BUCHANAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thomas Oswald Buchanan|Buchanan, Norman Thomas Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84K-B7C] - 1912(Qld)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 2NB Sydney (Manly, 1928-1939); 2ANB Sydney (Bondi, 1948; Kingsford, 1950); 3AND Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1954; Rosanna, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 466, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Manly, 1934-1935); sound engineer (Manly, 1936); engineer (North Sydney, 1943; Heidelberg, 1954-1963; Rosanna, 1968; Heidelberg, 1972; Rosanna, 1977); retired (Castlemaine, 1980)
===''BUCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hector Buck|Buck, Albert Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-PC3] - 1905(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3TM Receive Melbourne (Albert Park, 1923); 3TM Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1924-1926; Glenferrie, 1927; East Preston, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933-1937); 3TM Terang (1938-1939); 3TM Shepparton (1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 138, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: father of 3ZMX &amp; 3AAD Edwin David Buck, don't confuse with Albert Thomas Buck (Qld) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenferrie, 1927-1928); mechanic (Glenferrie, 1931; Hawthorn, 1937); electrician (Terang, 1943)
* [[/Albert Thomas Buck|Buck, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Z9K-CXG] - 1892(Eng)-1973(Eng) - Licences: 4CW Receive Brisbane (Geebung, 1923); 4CW Brisbane (Geebung, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 281, 1926, No. 24 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Kedron, 1931-1934); wireless mechanic (Summer Hill, 1933) - don't confuse with 3TM Albert Hector Buck
* [[/Edwin David Buck|Buck, Edwin David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNC-4JQ] - 1929(Vic)-2010(Vic) - 3ZMX Melbourne (Thornbury, 1965-1969, 3AAD Melbourne (Thornbury, 1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), son of 3TM Albert Hector Buck
===''BUCKERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Buckerfield|Buckerfield, Sidney Roy &quot;Buck&quot; &amp; &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGS-S7N] - 1904(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5DA Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5DA Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Evandale, 1928-1931; Knoxville, 1933-1939; St Morris, 1947-1948+); 5DA Crystal Brook (1954-1956); 5DA Adelaide (Brighton Gardens, 1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 32, 1924, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 163, 1938; 1COCP 1557, 1950 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (5DN, 5CK, 5DR, 5AN, 5ABCFM); public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Knoxville, 1939)

===''BUGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Robert Bugg|Bugg, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-Q8K] - 1918(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 11, 1936, Vic -  - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Geelong, 1942)

===''BUILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Builder|Builder, Geoffrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM6S-FBL] - 1906(WA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - physicist; radio engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: observer (Magnetic Observatory, Watheroo, 1931; physicist (Haberfield, 1935; Ashfield, 1937; Burwood, NSW, 1943-1958) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/builder-geoffrey-9617 ADB]

===''BULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Bull|Bull, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB9W-CFP] - 1904(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4MA Brisbane (Fairfield, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1674, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Stones Corner, Qld, 1926-1928; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1934; Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); military forces (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1963)
* [[/J. F. Bull|Bull, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FH Mackay (-1949-1967+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), associate member I.R.E. Aust.
===''BULLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Bulling|Bulling, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Y9-S95] - 1914(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5KX Adelaide (Grange, 1935-1939; Kirkcaldy, 1947-1954; Kings Park, 1955-1975); 5KX Wasleys (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1527, 1935, SA; BOCP 166, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Kirkcaldy, 1939-1943)

===''BULLIVANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Bullivant|Bullivant, William Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJK-X8B] - 1908(NSW)-1985(NSW) - 2PR Receive Albury (1923-1924), 2WB Albury (1925-1930), 2WB West Wyalong (1931-1934), 2BC Sydney (Bondi, 1946-1950; Bellevue Hill, 1954-1969; Kingsford, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 167, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 319, 1940), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk (West Wyalong, 1932), telegraphist (Bondi, 1943), supervisor (Waverley, 1954; Bellevue Hill, 1963; Kingsford, 1980))
===''BULLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Frederick Wright Bullock|Bullock, Albert Frederick Wright &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4K-44G] - 1900(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ZX Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1933-1939, 1946-1954; Camp Hill, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1109, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (East Brisbane, Qld, 1925); storeman (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BUNTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Bunton|Bunton, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGWV-YFR] - 1872(Eng)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Mosman, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Mosman, 1930-1954)

===''BURBIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Arthur Burbidge|Burbidge, Philip Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-7JL] - 1910(Eng)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 3PB Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1931); 2PB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 456, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant manager (Camberwell, 1934); manager (Bellevue Hill, 1943)
===''BURBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Alfred Burbury|Burbury, Eric Alfred]] - 1894(Tas)-1976(NSW) - early wireless experimenter (Tasmania, unlicensed?), ship wireless operator (1910s), broadcast engineer (AWA, Koo-we-rup; 2FC, chief engineer), brother of Harry Keith Burbury
* [[/Harry Keith Burbury|Burbury, Harry Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - 1897(Tas)-1986(NSW) - engineer (PMGD), brother of Eric Alfred Burbury

===''BURCHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Burchill|Burchill, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-8PF] - 1894(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4EM Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1925; Surry Hills, NSW, 1930); fitter (Long Bay Camp, NSW, 1933; Surry Hills, NSW, 1934-1936; Harbord, NSW, 1937); watchman (Maroubra, NSW, 1943-1949)

===''BURFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Patrick Burford|Burford, Walter Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHM2-CD9] - 1912(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 5PB Naracoorte (1934-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1365, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BURGESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Thomas Burgess|Burgess, George Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W5-N95] - 1913(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5GC Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939; Henley Beach, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1233, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Henley, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas William Watkins Burgess|Burgess, Thomas William Watkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDZP-X1R] - 1861(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: XDA Wagga Wagga (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Wagga Wagga, 1901-1903)

===''BURGOYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Burgoyne|Burgoyne, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-1VS] - 1876(Wales)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (VIY, 1913-?); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, South Townsville, 1919); postmaster (Concord, 1930); public servant (Homebush, 1930); postmaster (Homebush, 1933; Strathfield, 1935; Inverell, 1936; Bondi North, 1943)

===''BURING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rudolph Buring|Buring, Rudolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L51C-YVT] - 1906(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 7AX Receive Hobart (1922-1923); Receive Hobart (1923-1924); 7RB Hobart (1925-1933); 3RB Melbourne (Ballarat, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 102, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 166, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electronics engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: university demonstrator (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Sale, 1936; Ballarat, 1936-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1972)

===''BURMESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Conrad Burmester|Burmester, Otto Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWN-7VX] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4OB Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1158, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 31, 1935; 1COCP 46, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (Toowong, Qld, 1943); PMG technician (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1980)
===''BURNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud Edward James Burns|Burns, Claud Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCLY-P7V] - 1893(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4ZY Kingaroy (1932-1939); 4ZY Innisfail (1946-1947); 4ZY Cairns (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 996, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: supervising technician (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''BURRAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Allan Burrage|Burrage, John Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCW4-SLS] - 1916(Vic)-1942(Ins) - Licences: 3UW Melbourne (Deepdene, 1934-1937), 3UW (Shepparton, 1938-1939) -  Qualifications: AOCP 1322, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 59, 1936; 1COCP 291, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (3SR), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Shepparton, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/burrage-john-allan-400643/]

===''BURROWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Owen Burrows|Burrows, Alan Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNZG-V74] - 1901(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio correspondent (Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney Sun); proprietor Miss F. V. Wallace (Wireless Shop), 1927-1933; president Waverley Radio Club - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Waverley, 1930-1933) - Comment: Gone too soon
* [[/Ernest Walter Burrows|Burrows, Ernest Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-YQ8] - 1900(WA)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 6DZ Geraldton (1924-1927); 2DZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 659, 1921; 1COCP 5, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: technical assistant (Canterbury, NSW, 1937-1949; Earlwood, 1954-1980)
* [[/Frederick Harold Burrows|Burrows, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-TKH] - 1894(Eng)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6BH Perth (Claremont, 1922-1924); 6BH Kalgoorlie (1925-1927); 6BF Perth (Beverley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 193, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1916; Claremont, 1922; Kalgoorlie, 1925); headmaster (Beverley, 1937; Subiaco, 1943-1958); retired (Subiaco, 1963-1972)
* [[/John Charles Fry Burrows|Burrows, John Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKZ-LJ8] - 1897(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: XJCD Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 251, 1916 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Kew, 1919-1931); representative (Bairnsdale, 1934); commercial (Kew, 1936-1937); superintendent (Caulfield, 1943-1954); manager (Toorak, 1963-1980)

===''BURTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Reg Burton|Burton, Arthur Reg]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-3HM] - 1899(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4FE Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1935-1936; City, 1937-1939; Highgate Hill, 1946-1948); 1FE Heard Island (1954-1955); 4FE Thursday Island (1955-1956); 4FE Normanton (1960); 4FE Labrador (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1563, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); broadcast technician; federal public servant (PMGD) - Relationships: Likely father of 4BM Arthur Henry Burton - Electoral Rolls: artist (Lutwyche, Qld, 1921); picture showman (Beenleigh, Qld, 1922-1926);  motor engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1931-1934; South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); radio engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943); diesel engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Labrador, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BUSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Talbot Busch|Busch, Reginald Talbot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ3-2P7] - 1907(Vic)-2005(Vic) - Licences: 3LS Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1923); 3LS Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1939; North Essendon, 1946-1969; Strathmore, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 157, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 286, 1936; 1AOCP 3, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; research engineer (1942) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); research engineer (Essendon, 1942-1968); research (Strathmore, 1972-1977)
===''BUSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Melville Bush|Bush, Albert Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBB7-DFN] - 1893(Vic)-1964(Vic) - 3YY Bendigo (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 197, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental apprentice (Bendigo, 1914-1919); dentist (Bendigo, 1922-1963)
===''BUSHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert William Bushby|Bushby, Thomas Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2G5-KTN] - 1900(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2TW Bulli (1927-1928); 2TW Sydney (Gladesville, 1929; Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1931-1933; Rose Bay, 1934; Bondi North, 1935-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 368, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 32, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1933); engineer (Rose Bay, 1934; Bellevue Hill, 1935; Bondi, 1936-1937; Kingsgrove, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Bexley, 1958-1963)

===''BUTCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Butcher|Butcher, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-77S] - 1912(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4EB Brisbane (Lutwyche, 1931-1933; Kedron, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 871, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937); teacher (Grange, Qld, 1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''BUTLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lloyd Butler|Butler, Alfred Lloyd &quot;Lloyd&quot;]] - Licences: 5BR Adelaide (Prospect, 1947); 5BR Murray Bridge (1948-1960); 5BR Adelaide (Panorama, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; historian (SA amateur, SA broadcast) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://users.tpg.com.au/ldbutler/index.htm Web]
* [[/Richard Edmund Butler|Butler, Richard Edmund &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQX1-ZPZ] - 1926(Vic)-2012(Vic) - Senior federal public servant (PMGD), Deputy General Secretary ITU 1983-1989, Secretary General ITU 1983-1989 [https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/ElectedOfficialBio.aspx?off=6]
===''BUTLER-WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bertie Saywell Butler-Wood|Butler-Wood, Bertie Saywell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXJ2-18J] - 1894(NSW)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4EJ Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (West End, Qld, 1919-1925); dentist (West End, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''BUTTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Butterfield|Butterfield, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L77T-FCW] - 1903(Eng)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6GW Perth (South Perth, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 906, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Northam, WA, 1925; South Perth, WA, 1931); radio engineer (South Perth, WA, 1936-1958); retired (South Perth, WA, 1977)

===''BUTTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Butters|Butters, William Leslie W.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2VQ7-BSV] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2WY Bermagui South (1928-1935); 2WY Sydney (Brooklyn, 1936-1938; Cronulla, 1939; Karuah, 1946-1947); 2WY Nambucca Heads (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 464, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fisheries inspector (Bermagui South, 1930; Brooklyn, 1936); clerk (Erskineville, 1943); retired (Nambucca Heads, 1949)

===''BUTTERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Butterworth|Butterworth, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLR-QDG] - 1910(NSW)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Wallsend (1929-1930); 2BU Wallsend (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 540, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wallsend, 1936-1958); manufacturer (Wallsend, 1963-1972); engineer (Rankin Park, 1977-1980)

===''BUZACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hardie Buzacott|Buzacott, Albert Hardie &quot;Hardie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7YK-QZ6] - 1914(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4UZ Toowoomba (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1242, 1934, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 260, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); radio operator (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Roma, Qld, 1949; Gympie, Qld, 1954-1972; Caloundra, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Richard Norman Buzacott|Buzacott, Richard Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ82-8ZL] - 1909(WA)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3RB Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1926; Burwood, 1931; Camberwell, 1933); 2TD Sydney (North Sydney, 1935-1936); 3TD Lubeck (1938-1939); 3TD Melbourne (Balwyn, 1946-1960); 3AUB Melbourne (Reservoir, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 298, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 61, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1931); broadcast engineer (North Sydney, 1934-1935); engineer (Camaray, NSW, 1936); broadcast engineer (Lubeck, 1937); wireless operator (Canterbury, 1943); technician (Canterbury, 1949-1954); engineer (Reservoir, 1963-1972)

=='''C'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''CAGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cagney|Cagney, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-9HV] - 1909(Qld)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Rockhampton (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1386, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Palings, piano tuner); associate I.R.E. Aust - Electoral Rolls: musical instrument worker (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1980)

===''CAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Cain|Cain, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MKN2-48M] - 1866(Isle of Man)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a/g superintendent, Central Mission, Wesley Church, Melbourne, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Mooroopna, 1903; North Melbourne, 1909-1913; Carlton, 1914-1919; Glenferrie, 1921-1924; Auburn, 1924-1927; Kew, 1928-1937)

===''CALDECOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry William Spencer Caldecott|Caldecott, Henry William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-K3M] - 1908(Canada)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 2SM Sydney (Manly, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928-1929; Manly, 1930-1931); 2DA Sydney (Manly, 1933-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 285, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 58, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Balgowlah, 1930-1968); engineer (Balgowlah, 1977-1980)- callsign 2SM withdrawn by PMGD for allocation to 2SM commercial broadcaster
===''CALDWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aleck Stewart Caldwell|Caldwell, Aleck Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5SS-6BB] - 1903(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley North, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver -  Comment: During 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Donald Pavy Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Black Forest, SA, 1939); assistant (Erindale, SA, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Donald Pavy Caldwell|Caldwell, Donald Pavy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVC2-5NT] - 1907(SA)-1959(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 29, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: amateur broadcaster but never held licence in his name, during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Aleck Stewart Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Clapham, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frank David Caldwell|Caldwell, Frank David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FQ9] - 1907(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2YF Sydney (Bondi, 1930-1936; Concord, 1937; Bondi, 1938-1939; Waverley, 1946-1969); 2YF Katoomba (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 587, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 404, 1938; BOCP 186, 1938  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: employee Clyde Engineering Works (Burwood, 1930); mechanic (Bondi, 1936-1937; Waverley, 1949-1958; Bronte, 1963-1968)
* [[/Robert Ballantyne Caldwell|Caldwell, Robert Ballantyne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2ZSH-LYB] - 1869(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: father of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell; brother of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: resident engineer (North Unley, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Rupert Christian Caldwell|Caldwell, Rupert Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W3-897] - 1893(Vic)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2YW Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1924); 2JO Sydney (Bondi Junction, 1928; Waverley, 1929-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1937; Bondi, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 415, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Waverley, 1930-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1936; Bondi Beach, 1937-1968); retired (Waverley, 1972; Bondi Beach, 1977; Malabar, 1980)
* [[/William Alexander Caldwell|Caldwell, William Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y4-P92] - 1881(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5DI Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: brother of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; uncle of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: nil (Glenelg, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CALETTI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guido Caletti|Caletti, Guido &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-NV5] - 1900(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922; Newtown, 1922); 2CL Sydney (Newtown, 1923; Redfern, 1924; Annandale, 1924-1926; Punchbowl, 1927-1929; Penrose, 1930); 2AHV Sydney (Hurstville, 1938-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 649, 1921 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Punchbowl, 1930); mechanic (Bankstown, 1933); telephone mechanic (Hurstville, 1937-1949)
===''CALLABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Callaby|Callaby, Clarence James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBQ-38C] - 1910(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1934); 3BI Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 546, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Concord, 1933-1935); chemist (Croydon, 1936-1937); industrial chemist (West Ryde, 1943-1958); company director (St Ives, 1963-1968); director (St Ives, 1972-1977)
===''CALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Victor Callick|Callick, Harold Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF4-P45] - 1898(Eng)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Herston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: surgical dresser (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1921-1925; Herston, Qld, 1937-1963; Alderley, Qld, 1943-1949; Herston, Qld, 1954-1958; Chermside, Qld, 1963); retired (Miami, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''CALLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival James Callow|Callow, Percival James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFB-TR6] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Albion, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Albion, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Glen Kedron, Qld, 1934; Kedron, Qld, 1936-1963); retired (Scarborough, Qld, 1968)

===''CAMERON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. R. Cameron|Cameron, A. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RC Adelaide (Leabrook, 1931-1938); 2AMK Sydney (Hunters Hill, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Milton Cameron|Cameron, Robert Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXL-HDJ] - 1907(Vic)-1985(SA) - Licences: 3OT Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1923); 3OT Melbourne (Malvern, 1924-1933); 2XV Sydney (Waverton, 1935; Cronulla, 1937-1939); 4CS Brisbane (Doomben, 1947; Archerfield, 1948); 3AC Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 112, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 87, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Malvern East, 1931-1934); aeradio operator (Cooktown, 1943); surveyor (Prahran, 1954)

===''CAMPBELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dallas Dwyer Campbell|Campbell, Dallas Dwyer]] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - 2KU? Receive Ulmarra (1922-23), 2CU Ulmarra (1924-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 5, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Douglas Gilmore Campbell|Campbell, Douglas Gilmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJBS-NDD] - 1888(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2JO Receive Kyogle (1922-1924), 2DG Kyogle (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 70, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Frank Valentine Campbell|Campbell, Frank Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-CGN] - 1901(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4GC George Alfred Campbell - Electoral Rolls: wireless expert (South Brisbane, Qld, 1926); mechanic (Kedron, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Kedron, Qld, 1934-1954); electrician (Haberfield, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Beacon Hill, NSW, 1968-1972)
* [[/Frederick Alexander Campbell|Campbell, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC4J-HG7] - 1849(Sct)-1930(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, South Yarra, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: director (Melbourne, 1903-1913; South Yarra, 1914-1919); chief executive (South Yarra, 1924-1928)
* [[/George Alfred Campbell|Campbell, George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-C21] - 1894(Eng)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4GC Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1937-1939, 1947-1960); 4GC Mermaid Beach (1965-1975); 4GC Brisbane (Annerley, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2014, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Frank Valentine Campbell - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West End, Qld, 1925-1926; South Brisbane, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Annerley, Qld, 1968-1972; Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1977)
* [[/James Campbell|Campbell, James]] - 1845(Sct)-1893(Vic) - proprietor of engineering business in Ballarat, politician in Victoria, Postmaster-General Victoria (Apr 1884 - Feb 1886)
* [[/Neville Douglas Campbell|Campbell, Neville Douglas or Douglas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G73C-WVG] - 1912(Tas)-2007(Tas) - Licences: 7NC Hobart (City, 1932-1939, 1946-1956; Sandy Bay, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 993, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (New Town, 1943; Sandy Bay, 1949-1958)
* [[/Robert Campbell|Campbell, Robert]] - 1917(???)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4RC Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1180, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, treasurer, QSL officer) - Comment: numerous contemporaneous RCs - Electoral Rolls: Nile yet identified

===''CANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Fredrick Herrett Cannon|Cannon, Ronald Fredrick or Frederick Herrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7JW-T6L] - 1913(Tas)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7RC Wynyard (1932-1939); 3BRC Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 946, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 97, 1937; 1COCP 473, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; RAAFWR; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wynyard, 1936-1937); engineer (St Kilda, 1943); radio technician (Auburn, 1949; Hawthorn, 1954-1967); tv hirer (Hawthorn, 1968-1980)
===''CANSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathan Victor Charles Cansick|Cansick, Nathan Victor Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSJ-CXC] - 1907(Vic)-1968(NSW) - 3VE Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3AK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 139, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''CAREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Carey|Carey, Francis Joseph &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 18??-19?? -  X??, 4?? Toowoomba 1911-1914, 1922-1923, 2AMI Sydney (Centennial Park, 1933-1939; North Sydney 1946-1954; Fairfield 1955-1980) - amateur operator  (AOCP 1152, 1933, ?? in NSW) , radio club member (QWI), Halcyon: AOCP NSW 1925
* [[/John Thomas Carey|Carey, John Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Y9-TZ8] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 19, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (St Kilda, 1913; West End, Townsville, 1919)
===''CARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Lewis Carne|Carne, Ronald Lewis &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-N3M] - 1910(Fiji)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4RP Hambledon Mill via Cairns (1935); 4RP Innisfail (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1186, 1933, Qld; 3COCP 429, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, 1936-1937); cane inspector (Sherwood, Qld, 1943); assistant cane inspector (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, Qld, 1949-1954); cane inspector (Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1954-1958); manager (Harwood Mill, Harwood Island, NSW, 1963; Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1968); retired (Bowen, Qld, 1972)

===''CARPENTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Carpenter|Carpenter, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPR-BJS] - 1900(WA)-1956(France) - Licences: No known licence - Qualifications: AOCP 376, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Northam, 1925-1936); instructor (South Perth, 1943); firewood vendor (Whyalla, 1948); teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1954)
===''CARRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Carrie|Carrie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Glanville, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''CARTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Carter|Carter, Albert Edward &quot;Birdie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDL-5CB] - 1916(Qld)-2014(Qld) - Licences: 4LT Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 4LT Nanango (1954); 4LT Brisbane (Carina, 1955-1969); 4LT Sunshine Beach (1975); 4LT Tewantin (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2143, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); wholesale grocery (S. Hoffnung &amp; Co); WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AECs - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Nanango, Qld, 1954); departmental manager (Carina, Qld, 1958-1972); retired (Sunshine Beach, Qld, 1977; Tewantin, Qld, 1980))
* [[/Clarence Sydney William Carter|Carter, Clarence Sydney William]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5T1-TXL] - 1902(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Kensington, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Maylands, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 24, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Glen Osmond, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frederick Pell Carter|Carter, Frederick Pell or Peel (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-2BC] - 1899(NSW)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5GK Adelaide (Mile End, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 761, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service station proprietor (Mile End, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/H. Carter|Carter, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Graceville, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Numerous contemporaneous HCs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Raymond Carter|Carter, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9G5-KJT] - 1911(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2HC Quirindi (1926-1939; 1946-1980+); 2BE Portable Quirindi (1933-1934); 2AI Portable Quirindi (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 286, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Quirindi, 1933-1980) - Callsign 2BE withdrawn by PMGD for 2BE Bega commercial

===''CARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Carty|Carty, Bruce]] - historian (broadcast, amateur broadcast), author &quot;Australian Radio History&quot;

===''CASTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Castle|Castle, Clarence Henry &quot;Clarry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-7GR] - 1915(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5KL Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939); 5KL Darwin (1947-1948); 5KL Adelaide (Enfield Heights, 1954-1965; Enfield, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1209, 1933, SA; 2COCP 263, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CASWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Harold Caswell|Caswell, Archibald Harold &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-Y3X] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) -  Licences: 4CB Murgon (1934-1939); 4CB Maryborough (1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1340, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (POW); business proprietor (garage) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Maryborough, Qld, 1954-1972); retired (Torquay, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''CATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lester Evans Catford|Catford, Lester Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDD8-RCB] - 1911(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LC Gladstone (1931-1939, 1947); 5LC Adelaide (Malvern, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 789, 1931, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 357, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Lance Maynard Catford|Catford, Lance Maynard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQR-K2W] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5XL Clare (1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2372, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: share farmer (Clare, SA, 1939)

===''CAVANAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Mortimer Cavanagh|Cavanagh, William Mortimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-GPH] - 1908(Vic)-1995(NSW) - Receive Warburton (1923-1924), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925), 2WC Sydney (Potts Point, 1928), 2WC Goulburn (1930), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Williamstown, 1937-1939), 2WC Wauchope (1946-1980+), qualifications: (AOCP 214, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 598, 1942), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2, electoral rolls: sales (Goulburn, 1930; St Kilda, 1931-1934), radio dealer (Wauchope, 1949-1980)
===''CAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Cave|Cave, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB7-G73] - 1898(Eng?)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1925-1926); operator of Wills &amp; Co Receive licence 1924 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 129, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAF Wireless Operator); foundation member Tasmanian Gliding Club (instructor); returned to England 1931; likely Wing Commander RAF in WW2; possibly lost in SE Asia 1942 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CAWTHRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Cawthron|Cawthron, Edward Joseph &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBH-9SX] - 1908(NSW)-1964(SA) - Licences: 2JC Sydney (Concord, 1926-1933; Neutral Bay, 1931; Concord, 1933; Five Dock, 1933); 2VA Sydney (City, 1931); 2EJ Sydney (City, 1931); 5JC Adelaide (Kent Town, 1937-1939); 5JE Adelaide (Somerton, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954; Somerton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 308, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Haberfield, 1943)

===''CECIL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clyde Cecil|Cecil, Clyde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN5-XYG] - 1898(Vic)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6AB Kalgoorlie (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 154, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener, Kalgoorlie) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Kalgoorlie, 1919); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, 1921-1925; Maylands, 1928-1937); metallurgist (Nedlands, 1943); physicist (Nedlands, 1949-1954); school principal (Triggs Island, 1958-1963)

===''CHADWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Howel Chadwick|Chadwick, Richard Howel (Electoral Rolls) or Howell (BMD) &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3PQ-6HH] - 1896(NZ)-1955(Qld) - Licences: 4GU Brisbane (Wilston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1197, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (travelling salesman) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Zillmere, Qld, 1921); salesman (Wilston, Qld, 1925-1954)

===''CHAFFER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Martin Chaffer|Chaffer, Edward Martin &quot;Martin&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1Z-B3P] - 1905(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3XF Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1927); 6XF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1933); 2AEK Sydney (Potts Point, 1938); 3MH Hamilton (1947); 3MH Ballarat (1948); 3MH Swan Hill (1954); 3MH Melbourne (Preston, 1955-1956; Moonee Ponds, 1965-1969; Doncaster, 1975-1980) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 354, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 304, 1937; 2COCP 113, 1937; 1COCP 151, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic Essendon, treasurer, 1924), placed 2nd for best complete station Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1924; placed second for best complete station at Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1925; placed 10th in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926; broadcast engineer (3HA, 3BA, 3SH), Dept Civil Aviation 1930s, military (WW2, 1942+) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1936); radio engineer (Hamilton, 1942; Ballarat, 1949; Swan Hill, 1954; Preston, 1963); radio technician (Moonee Ponds, 1967-1968); retired (Doncaster, 1977-1980) - Relationships: father of 3AII Ken Chaffer

===''CHALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Robert Challen|Challen, Peter Robert]] - 1848(Eng)-1905(Vic) - early telephone, telephony &amp; wireless experimenter, employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Electrical Office &amp; Postmaster), radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), associate of Henry Walter Jenvey, William Philip Bechervaise &amp; George Smibert
===''CHALLENDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard Challender|Challender, Gerard &quot;Gerry&quot;]] - 1910(Eng)-1950(NSW) - 2ZS Kempsey, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, high profile participation 1950 Kempsey floods, military (WW2)
===''CHALLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Reginald Challenger|Challenger, George Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3YQ-ZZB] - 1902(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: 2GC Sydney (Auburn, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Auburn, 1930-1935)

===''CHAMBERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rupert Chambers|Chambers, Francis Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYY2-JKX] - 1898(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 247, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Camberwell, 1924-1925); contractor (Geraldton, 1931; Mt Waverley, 1934-1936); linesman (Seaford, 1937; Frankston, 1942); technician (Frankston, 1949; Seaford, 1954); retired (Upwey, 1963; McRae, 1968)
* [[/Walter Alfred Chambers|Chambers, Walter Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3N6-VX1] - 1889(Qld)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 151, 1915; 2COCP 100, 1930; 1COCP 96, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Thursday Island, 1912-1913); radio telegraphist (Wyndham, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Subiaco, 1917); radio telegraphist (Esperance, 1921-1925); officer-in-charge (Geraldton, 1925); radio officer (Como, 1931-1934; Esperance, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Como, 1943-1968)

===''CHANDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Beals Chandler|Chandler, John Beals]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HN-HXH] - 1887(Eng)-1962(Qld) - principal (4BC); proprietor (J. B. Chandler &amp; Co., 1913-1962); Lord Mayor Brisbane (1940-1952); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - don't confuse D. W. Chandler early wireless experimenter - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chandler-sir-john-beals-9724 ADB]
===''CHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Channon|Channon, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BO Receive Inverell (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Lloyd Lister Channon|Channon, Lloyd Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD59-4NS] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Receive Manilla (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Elsmore, 1913); postal official (Raymond Terrace, 1930-1949)

===''CHAPMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Chapman|Chapman, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZYW-3F4] - 1864(NSW)-1926(NSW) - occupations (apprentice saddler, hotelier), politician (Postmaster-General, 1905-1907), oversight of Commonwealth Wireless Telegraphy conference Melbourne 1907 - Links: [[w:Austin Chapman|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chapman-sir-austin-5554 ADB]
* [[/Bruce Amundsen Chapman|Chapman, Bruce Amundsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VL-575] - 1912(WA)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BA Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1958; St Ives, 1960-1969 - Qualifications: AOCP 696, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shipping clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1937); clerk (Balgowlah, 1949-1958; St Ives, 1963-1968)
* [[/E. B. Chapman|Chapman, E. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank William Chapman (Qld)|Chapman, Frank William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC5-KB3] - 1898(???)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4XL Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939); 4ZFC Brisbane (Ekibin, 1965); 4TH Brisbane (Ekibin, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 785, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Salisbury, Qld, 1928); labourer (Yeronga, Qld, 1929-1937); waterside worker (Paddington, Qld, 1943-1949); PMG technician (Ekibin, Qld, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frank William Chapman (WA)|Chapman, Frank William (WA)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBXD-TFK] - 1918(Vic)-1988(WA) - Licences: 6CC Perth (Manning Park, 1954-1965; Bassendean, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3319, 1953, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Chidlow, WA, 1949); teacher (Manning Park, WA, 1954-1963); technical school principal (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1963); teacher (Bassendean, WA, 1968-1977); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1980)
* [[/Harrison Chapman|Chapman, Harrison &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-2C5] - 1909(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3JX Receive Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1922); 3GU Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1929-1939, 1946-1965; Flinders, 1965-1975); 3AGU Portable Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1948-1956; Flinders, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 513, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1AOCP 32, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Ivanhoe, 1931-1936); chemist (Geelong, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942; Ivanhoe, 1949-1954); chemical engineer (Ivanhoe, 1963); minister of religion (Flinders, 1968); clergyman (Flinders, 1972-1977)
* [[/Owen George Chapman|Chapman, Owen George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8YX-YLK] - 1904(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2OC Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 669, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wyong, 1930-1958)
* [[/Percival Carnew Lamont Chapman|Chapman, Percival Carnew Lamont &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-5M8] - 1911(Qld)-2008(Qld) - 4PC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1933); 4PC Babinda (1937-1939); 4PC Monto (1946-1975); 4PC Point Vernon (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1155, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); occupation (power house engineer/manager) - Relationships: father of Geoff Chapman 4CET - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1943; Monto, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Point Vernon, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Chapman|Chapman, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZ2X-8KG] - 1890(Tas)-1957(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 116, 1915; 1COCP 63, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal wireless operator; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1925); officer-in-charge (Radio Station Applecross, 1931-1954)

===''CHAPPELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Arthur Chappell|Chappell, Lloyd Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69G-SB9] - 1911(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7LC Ross (1936-1937); 7LC Winnaleah (1938-1939); 7LC Hobart (Kingston, 1947-1955; Sandy Bay, 1956-1975; Coles Bay, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1828, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 172, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ross, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Queenstown, 1943; Kingston, 1949-1958)

===''CHARLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Charles|Charles, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QC-V3V] - 1916(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5YQ Adelaide (North Unley, 1935-1939; Unley, 1947-1948; Ascot Park, 1954-1956; Hyde Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1443, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Unley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CHARLESWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Denison Charlesworth|Charlesworth, Reginald Denison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW1M-CKJ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2CI Receive Sydney (Haberfield, 1922); 2CI Sydney (Haberfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: migrated to Fiji mid 1920s, returned to Australia mid 1930s - Electoral Rolls: factory manager (Summer Hill, 1933); engineer (Haberfield, 1935-1937); Lane Cove, 1943); radio engineer (Dee Why, 1949-1954); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1958-1972)

===''CHARTERIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Charteris|Charteris, Michael]] - 4QS Ipswich &amp; Maryborough - amateur operator, historian (amateur)

===''CHATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Greatham Chatfield|Chatfield, Robert Greatham &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK92-9L1] - 1900(NZ)-1974(NZ) - Licences: ZL2AV Wellington (1925-1954+) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 1925, No. ?? in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clubs (Wellington Amateur Radio Club 2WB, member and one time president) - Relationships: father of Don Chatfield ZL2SG - Comment: substantial early portion (100+) of QSL collection survives - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wellington, 1922); salesman (Wellington, 1931-1954); retired (Wellington, 1963-1972)
===''CHATTERTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Chatterton|Chatterton, Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZWW-952] - 1902(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: 7AY Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Hobart, 1925-1928)
===''CHAUVEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Temple Frank Chauvel|Chauvel, Walter Temple Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH5T-WNQ] - 1902(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Stanthorpe (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1925-1928); grazier (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1928-1943); radio engineer (Texas, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (East Ballina, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''CHEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Reginald Cheel|Cheel, Charles Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N1J-PTC] - 1890(Vic)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5CR Adelaide (Maylands, 1934-1939, 1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1278, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CHENNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Chennell|Chennell, Victor &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBH-1XV] - 1907(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5JH Adelaide (Norwood, 1927-1933; Cowandilla, 1937-1939; North Adelaide, 1946-1956; Ascot Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 346, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer? (Goodwood Park, 1939)

===''CHESSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chessell|Chessell, John or John Carl]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN16-XWP]? [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2M1-9GS]? - 1914(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2LV Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1929-1934); 2YU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1935-1936; Ashfield, 1937-1939); 2ER Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 517, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Croydon, 1936; Bowral, 1937-1954) - seems to be two contemporaneous John Chessel's
===''CHESTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Chesterfield|Chesterfield, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVH-3SK] - 1895(Vic)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Wayville, 1924-1926); 2ACQ Sydney (Strathfield, 1937-1939); 4HJ Brisbane (Cleveland, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 23, 1914; 1COCP 266, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Croydon, NSW, 1930); radio engineer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1931-1935); department manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1935); radio engineer (Strathfield, 1936; Pymble, NSW, 1943; Cleveland, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''CHICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Garth Chick|Chick, Leonard Garth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SW-7PJ] - 1918(Tas)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 7LG Launceston (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1973, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 227, 1939; 2COCP 550, 1941; 1COCP 1264, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Swan Point, 1944); aeradio operator (Lindisfarne, 1949); technician (Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954); draftsman (East Keilor, 1963-1968); surveyor (Forster, 1977-1980)
===''CHILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Oliver Chilton|Chilton, Frederick Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-XFL] - 1905(NSW)-2007(NSW)102yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Wahroonga, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 147, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur receive operator; military (Brigadier); awards (Knighted) - Relationships: brother of 2RC Robert Ralph Chilton - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1943); civil servant (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1967); retired (Clareville Beach, NSW, 1972-1980) - Links: [[w:Frederick Oliver Chilton|Wikipedia]]
* [[/George Frederick Chilton|Chilton, George Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3CR-41Q] - 1891(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 2GF Sydney (Pennant Hills, 1924; Carlingford, 1925); 4GD Townsville (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 160, 1915; 1COCP 10, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal operator (VIG, VIB, VIS, VIT, Rockbank); wireless telegraphist (PMG); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917); federal public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1919-1921); radio stationmaster (South Townsville, Qld, 1925; Glenferrie, 1927; Wireless Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1942); engineer (St Kilda, 1949-1954)
* [[/Robert Ralph Chilton|Chilton, Robert Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-821] - 1907(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1925-1926); 2RC Gloucester (1927); 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1928-1939, 1946-1947; Roseville East, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 152, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist assistant (Wahroonga, 1933); chemist (Stanthorpe, 1954-1963; Sherwood, Qld, 1972) - Relationships: brother of Frederick Oliver Chilton

===''CHINERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jessie Camelia Chinery|Chinery or Chinnery, Jessie Camelia]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMP-6NZ] - 1915(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6JC Perth (Welshpool, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1866, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: not stated (Welshpool, WA, 1937) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''CHIPPINDALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Kellett Chippindall|Chippindall, Eric Kellett &quot;Chippy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFCB-MNZ] - 1916(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939); 4XR Gympie (1946-1969); 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1940, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4SB, 4BU, 4LG, 4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1949); announcer-engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1954-1958); shopkeeper (Paddington, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''CHISHOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham St Clair Chisholm|Chisholm, Graham St Clair]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX47-TTR] - 1915(Qld)-2002(WA) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933); 3ACG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1947-1948); 5PG Darwin (1955-1956); 1AB Canberra (Canberra City, 1960; Ainslie, 1965); 6IB Perth (Dalkeith, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1101, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 18, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (3SR, Shepparton, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1954); broadcaster (Reid, ACT, 1958; Ainslie, ACT, 1963; Dalkeith, WA, 1968-1972); manager (Nedlands, 1977-1980)

===''CHITHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Chitham|Chitham, William Norman &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-KJK] - 1912(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4UU Brisbane (Bulimba, 1933-1934; Fortitude Valley 1937-1939; Cannon Hill, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 913, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor, QSL officer); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; military (WW2) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cannon Hill, 1949-1963); buyer (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''CHRISMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Chrismas|Chrismas, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YC-FC2] - 1892(NSW)-1950(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 250, 1916; 1COCP 31, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916); wireless operator (Wyndham, 1917; Applecross, 1925); radio telegraphist (Broome, 1931; Geraldton, 1936-1949)

===''CLAFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keighran James Claffey|Claffey, Keighran James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84R-LLP] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AK Deniliquin (1928-1939); 2AK Picton (1946); 2AK Deniliquin (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 459, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarrandale, 1949; Deniliquin, 1954; Yarrandale, 1958-1963); retired (Deniliquin, 1977-1980)
===''CLARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Clark|Clark, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-CJH] - 1903(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3FC Rainbow (1928); 3FC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933; Elwood, 1937; St Kilda, 1938); 3FC Mildura (1946-1947); 3FC Ouyen (1948-1960); 3FC Geelong (Leopold, 1969; Clifton Springs, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 426, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal official (Rainbow, 1925); postal clerk (Rainbow, 1928); clerk (St Kilda, 1931-1937); senior postal clerk (Red Cliffs, 1942); postmaster (Ouyen, 1949-1954); retired (Clifton Springs, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank P. R. Clark|Clark, Frank P. R.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFG-WRN] - 1900(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924); 2YF Sydney (Manly, 1925) - Qualifications: AOCP 122, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: gone too soon
* [[/Leopold Francis Clark|Clark, Leopold Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273Q-3D5] - 1902(Tas)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7CK Natone (1932-1939); 7CK Burnie (1946-1948); Deloraine (1954-1969); Lanena (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 989, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Natone, 1928-1936; Burnie, 1943-1949); grazier (Needles, 1954; Deloraine, 1963)
===''CLARKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Fraser Clarke|Clarke, Percival Fraser &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ3-4J2] - 1896(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4PY Ayr (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1781, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jarvisfield, Qld, 1919-1937; Aspley, Qld, 1949-1972)
* [[/Warren Ross Clarke|Clarke, Warren Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NT-LSN] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Mosman,1930-1933; Asquith, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 650, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 6, 1934; 1COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Asquith, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1936); radio officer (Mosman, 1943); flight radio officer (Mosman, 1949-1954); clerk (Glenbrook, 1963); travel consultant (Glenbrook, 1972); clerk (Merrylands, 1972); planner (North Rocks, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Clarke|Clarke, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ2-1QS] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 32, 1930 - RANRS (temp Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: several contemporaneous WGCs - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Townsville, 1916); seaman (HMAS Encounter, Geelong, 1919); biograph operator (Langwarrin Military Camp, Vic, 1919); hotel manager (Naval Base Hotel, South Fremantle, 1931)

===''CLAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard George Clay|Clay, Richard George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZZ-LGN] - 1903(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RC Melbourne (Northcote, 1929; Alphington, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 536, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Northcote, 1925-1927); welder (Northcote, 1928); electric welder (Alphington, 1931); welder (Richmond, 1936-1937; Alphington, 1942; Northcote, 1949); contractor (Traralgon, 1954-1972) 
===''CLAYTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maisie Ian Jesson Clayton|Rawson nee Clayton, Maisie Ian Jesson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RT-25P] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 488, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio worker (Artarmon, 1937); engineer (Kirribilli, 1949); radio engineer (Lane Cove, 1954-1963); engineer (Lane Cove, 1968-1972); home duties (Lane Cove, 1977-1980) - Lady:
* [[/Maurice Charles Clayton|Clayton, Maurice Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86J-HX3] - 1912(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1930-1931); 5ZC Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 596, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon (24yo)
* [[/Walter George Gladstone Clayton|Clayton, Walter George Gladstone &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3XN-J1N] - 1918(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4WG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4WG Brisbane (Windsor, 1946-1969); 4WG Townsville (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1868, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF Signals); state public servant (Qld Railways, supervising tech. comms.) - Relationships: uncle of Maise Ian Jesson Rawson nee Clayton (Radio Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Windsor, 1954-1968); technician (Townsville, 1972-1980)

===''CLIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Cliff|Cliff, Harry]] - 1908(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HC Melbourne (Essendon, 1928-1948; Heidelberg, 1954-1975); 3HC Point Lonsdale (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 400, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: implement maker (Moonee Ponds, 1906); engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1928); clerk (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); company secretary (North Melbourne, 1943); director (Ivanhoe, 1954-1968; Heidelberg, 1972); retired (Point Lonsdale, 1977-1980) (pre 1928 is another Harry Cliff)
===''CLIFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Glendenning Clifford|Clifford, Herbert Glendenning]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTS-4CN] - 1882(Eng)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5BW Receive Renmark (1923); Receive Renmark (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Renmark, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CLINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gladstone Clinch|Clinch, Frederick Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5P-TWM] - 1898(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6JR Greenough (1928-1933); 6FG Miling (1960); 6FG Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 468, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Greenough, 1922-1943); garage proprietor (Miling, 1958); retired (Doubleview, 1963-1972) - Relationships: Father of 6CL Ian Harold Wilson Clinch
* [[/Ian Harold Wilson Clinch|Clinch, Ian Harold Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQX-YS1] - 1926(WA)-19??(WA) - Licences: 6CL Miling (1960-1965); 6CL Dandaragan (1969); 6CL Rossmoyne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3596, 1957 - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Leederville, 1949); manager (Miling, 1958-1963); radio technician (Dongara, 1968); technician (Rossmoyne, 1972-1980) - Relationships: son of 6JR-6FG Frederick Gladstone Clinch

===''CLOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alvin Theodore Closs|Closs, Alvin Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-HG7] - 1895(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: V750 Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922); 3GV Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Brighton, 1917); storekeeper (Olinda, 1924-1931); salesman (Olinda, 1934-1937); civil servant (Tunstall, 1943-1954); retired (Yarra Junction, 1963-1972)
===''CLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Edward Clough|Clough, James Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 483, 1929, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - several contemporaneous JECs

===''COADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Coade|Coade, Ernest]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rutherglen, 1914); mechanic (Thursday Island, 1919)
===''COAKLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas James Coakley|Coakley, Thomas James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX24-W7T] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: 5UK Adelaide (Unley, 1933-1939); 3IU Melbourne (Camberwell, 1947; Essendon, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1105, 1933, No. ?? in SA, 3COCP 61, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: aero fitter (Auburn, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1943; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1980)

===''COALTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Coalter|Coalter, Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSR-STB] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 1, 1914 - ship wireless operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''COATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Melbourne Coates|Coates, Alfred Melbourne or Melbourne Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-MCZ] - 1884(???)-1964(Vic) - Licences: V757 Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922); 3GG Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (USA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1921-1937; Kalorama, 1943-1954)

===''COFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Freeman Coffey|Coffey, Henry Freeman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3QL-BR1] - 1885(Irl)-1934(NSW) - Licences: 4KY Brisbane (Doomben, 1925-1926; Hamilton, 1927); 2ZY Sydney (Willoughby, 1929; Maroubra, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 52, 1915; 1COCP 12, 1930 - Halycyon: AOCP Brisbane 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless operator (Marconi, White Star, Booth Steamship, Iquitos Steamship, Union Castle); RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal operator (CRS, PMGD, AWA); federal public servant - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Middle Park, Vic, 1919); engineer (Malvern East, 1922-1924); radiostation master (Thursday Island, 1925); wireless operator (Doomben, Qld, 1925-1928); engineer (Chatswood, 1930); wireless mechanic (Maroubra, 1930-1934)

===''COHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derrick Cohen|Cohen, Derek or Derrick Simeon &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCF-DR7] - 1914(Eng)-2010(NSW) - Licences: 2YM Sydney (Dobroyd Point, 1932-1933; Kings Cross, 1933; Clovelly, 1934-1936); 4YM Brisbane (City, 1937-1939); 1YM Macquarie Island (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 238, 1930; AOCP 1011, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West End, Qld, 1943); technician (Coburg, Vic, 1954); television producer (Chatswood, NSW, 1963; Little Wallaby Beach, NSW, 1977)

===''COLEBATCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Vincent Colebatch|Colebatch, Ernest Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Q2-974] - 1905(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5CG Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Belair, SA, 1939-1941)

===''COLESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Russell Coleston|Coleston, Stanley Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-KQL] - 1913(Vic)-2012(Qld) - Licences: 3XK Melbourne (Middle Park, 1930-1931; Gardenvale, 1933; Glenhuntly, 1937-1939, 1946-1955); 9XK Port Moresby (1956-1960); 3AXK Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969); 4XA Brisbane (Geebung, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 688, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Glenhuntly, 1936-1942; Caulfield East, 1949-1954); public servant (Mt Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Geebung, 1977-1980)

===''COLLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Felton Collard|Collard, Cyril John Felton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97X9-6VY] - 1896(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2CF Maitland West (1927-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 362, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 540, 1941; BOCP 541, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lorn, 1930-1963); retired (North Maitland, 1968)
===''COLLINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Joseph Collins|Collins, Clarence Henry Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1Y1-GB1] - 1891(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5FC Adelaide (Marryatville, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1043, 1932, SA; BOCP 29, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Marryatville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''COLLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Andrew Collis|Collis, George Andrew]] - 1869(Tas)-1926(Tas) - Receive Hobart, radio clubs (Tasmanian Radio Club, foundation member, 1922+), electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1921) - potential misidentification, George Arthur Collis, Radio Research Club, Hobart, witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927
* [[/Ralph Collis|Collis, Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-48N] - 1918(WA)-2013(WA)105yo - Licences: 6LY Perth (Bayswater, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1454, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bayswater, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); proprietor (Cadoux, WA, 1963; Tuart Hill, WA, 1968); business proprietor (Dianella, WA, 1972-1977); proprietor (Bedford, WA, 1980)

===''COLTHEART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Coltheart|Coltheart, Clarence James]] - 1885(Tas)-1962(Tas) - Licences: 7BF Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, Vic, 1913-1914; Queenstown, 1922-1954)
===''COLTHRUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Colthrup|Colthrup, James Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBW8-J4Z] - 1908(Vic)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 3PL Melbourne (Clifton Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1368, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 374, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, Wireless &amp; Gunnery School) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1931); engineer (Clifton Hill, 1937); airman (Clifton Hill, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/623876]
===''COLVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Victor Colville|Colville, Sydney Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3WQ-S78] - 1894(Vic)-1966(NSW) - Licences: XQF Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913); 2FA Receive Sydney (1922); 2FA Sydney (1923-1925); 2VH Sydney (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wireless retail business proprietor (Colville Moore) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloongabba, 1917; Chelmer, 1919-1921); broker (Bowen Hills, 1922); manufacturer (Drummoyne, NSW, 1930-1933); merchant (Lane Cove, 1935-1936); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1936-1937); company director (Glenbrook, 1943-1963)

===''CONDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Sylvester Condon|Condon, Austin Sylvester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RG-K2K] - 1924(SA)-2011(SA) - Licences: 5WO Laura (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3012, 1949, SA - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil [https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/obituaries-tributes-to-three-of-our-finest/news-story/845c3a27d81fd8a8f4bbe436503a9b1e Obit]
===''CONDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Tasman Conder|Conder, Walter Tasman &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CJ-DTS] - 1888(Tas)-1974(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as General Manager, BCA, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Launceston, 1914); soldier (Langwarrin Military Camp, 1918-1921; Melbourne, 1924); secretarial (Melbourne, 1925-1928); entrepreneur (Melbourne, 1931-1937); secretary (Melbourne, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/conder-walter-tasman-5747 ADB]
===''CONGDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bert Congdon|Congdon, Bert &quot;Bertie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VVJ-CMW] - 1891(Vic)-1961(WA) - 6BA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923-1924), 6BC Perth (Subiaco, 1927-1939, 1946-1960), amateur operator (AOCP 382, 1927, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW1, civil servant (Subiaco, 1925-1958)
===''CONNELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dermot Anthony Connelly|Connelly, Dermot Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L5-2VC] - 1903(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3BU Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922); 3BU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925); 3ADK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1948; Ivanhoe, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Caulfield, 1927-1936); Air Force officer (St Kilda, 1937); nil (Frankston, 1949); photographer (Ivanhoe, 1954-1963)
===''CONNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilson Connon|Connon, George Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-8Z2] - 1907(Sct)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5KJ Booleroo (1937-1939); 5KJ Yunta (1947); 5KJ Alice Springs (1948-1954); 5KJ Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1955-1956); 5KJ Port Lincoln (1960); 5KJ Berri (1965-1969); 5KJ Barmera (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1991, 1937, SA; 2COCP 336, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pensioner (Millswood East, SA, 1939); bookkeeper (Port Augusta, SA, 1941-1948); radio technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1949-1954)

===''CONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emmett Bernard Connor|Connor, Emmett Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-L7Q] - 1913(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4CE Gindie (1936); 4OC Longreach (1956); 4OC Fernlees (1960); 4OC Brisbane (Aspley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; BOCP 280, 1940; 3COCP 5529, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing shed hand (Gindie, Qld, 1936); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Longreach, Qld, 1943-1949); business Manager (Cramsie, Longreach, Qld, 1954-1958); grazier (&quot;Ronnoc Downs&quot;, Fernlees, Qld, 1958-1963; Aspley, Qld, 1963-1977)
* [[/Laurance Kingsley Connor|Connor, Laurance Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2GD-KPT] - 1907(NSW)-1950(NSW) - 2LK Sydney (Belmore, 1925-1926), 2ALC Sydney (Lakemba, 1948; Cammeray, 1950), amateur operator (AOCP 68, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 881, 1925; 2COCP 199, 1930; 1COCP 220, 1939), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Stephen James Connor|Connor, Stephen James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH4J-FP4] - 1894(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 235, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1917); electrical engineer (Strathfield, NSW, 1930; Lismore, NSW, 1933); electrician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1934; Strathfield, NSW, 1936-1963); retired (Lapstone, NSW, 1972)
* [[/Terence Connor|Connor, Terence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-3DV] - 1916(Tas)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 7CT Hobart (Rokeby, 1936-1939; City, 1946-1948); 7CT Huonville (1954-1960); 7CT Hobart (Bellerive, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1643, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: auto-electrician (New Town, 1943; Hobart North, 1949); manager (Huonville, 1949-1954); sales rep. (Bellerive, 1963-1977)

===''CONRAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Ernest Conrad|Conrad, Raymond Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSP2-VGS] - 1905(Tas)-1977(Tas) - Licences: 2TR Sydney (Bexley, 1930-1937; Rockdale, 1938-1939); 7TR Hobart (Derwent Park, 1947; Moonah, 1948-1956; Berriedale, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 651, 1930, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 308, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: battery fitter (Bexley, 1930); storeman (Bexley, 1931-1934); clerk (Bexley, 1935-1936; Rockdale, 1937); purchasing officer (Cameray, 1943); radio manufacturer (Moonah, 1949-1954); engineer (Hospital, Rosetta, 1963)
===''CONRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Conry|Conry, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-HCR] - 1892(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 3OK Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1925); 3CO Melbourne (Brighton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 260, 1916; 1COCP 44, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (Merchant Marine); RANRS; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD Vic) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1919; Armadale, 1921-1924); inspector (Brighton, 1925-1937); radio inspector (South Brisbane, 1943-1949); postal official (St Lucia, 1954-1958)
===''CONWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn Laurence Dean Conway|Conway, Mervyn Laurence Dean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MH-GHZ] - 1912(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7CL Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1960); 7CL Hobart (West Hobart, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1684, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Nelson, 1936); school teacher (Launceston East, 1937); teacher (Devonport, 1943; New Town, 1949-1958)

===''COOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Byron Cook|Cook, Ernest Byron &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M46M-M3J] - 1902(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3CK Tresco (1926-1927); 3CK Kerang (1931); 3EC Swan Hill (1938-1939); 3EC Melbourne (Coburg, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 295, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Swan Hill, 1937-1942)
* [[/Victor Roy Percival Cook|Cook, Victor Roy Percival &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYJG-6C6] - 1899(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: XVN Adelaide (1913-1914); S099 Adelaide (1920s); 5AC Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1927; Rose Park, 1928-1931; Kilkenny, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Woodville, 1954-1975; Somerton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 94, 1925, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: analyst (Kilkenny, 1939-1943)
===''COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive J. Cooke|Cooke, Clive J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4CC Brisbane (Chermside, -1952+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
* [[/Frank Basil Cooke|Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7Q6-TN8] - 1892(SA)-1967(NSW) - XADW Sydney (1913), 2LI Sydney (1922-1924), 2XQ Receive Sydney (1923), 2DJ Sydney (Northbridge, 1924-1931; Mosman, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP; AOCP 39, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA NSW, vice-president 1923)
* [[/Frederick William Cooke|Cooke, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB8-V6L] - 1906(Eng)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Footscray, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 311, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: meter tester (Footscray, 1926-1949)
===''COOKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Cookson|Cookson, Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YD-87L] - 1889(Eng)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 201, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); no occupation (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Northbridge, 1949-1963; Bexley, NSW, 1968)
* [[/Joseph George Cookson|Cookson, Joseph George &quot;George&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGCW-Z8N] - 1888(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 862, 1925; 2COCP 21, 1929; 1COCP 34, 1930 - RANRS (1919), AWA - Relationships: Father of Leonard Kenneth Cookson - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Crossover, Vic, 1912-1913; Bacchus Marsh, 1914-1915); mechanic (Alphington, 1917); engineer (Cooktown, 1919); radio engineer (Radio Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1930-1935; Croydon, NSW, 1943-1958) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]
* [[/Leonard Kenneth Cookson|Cookson, Leonard Kenneth &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ8-JHV] - 1917(Vic)-2005(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - AWA - Relationships: Son of Joseph George Cookson - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Concord, NSW, 1943); electrical fitter (Croydon, 1943-1954; Glebe, 1958; Blacktown, 1963-1980) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]

===''COOLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Cooling|Cooling, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVZL-GSC] - 1885(Qld)-1936(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Toowoomba (1924-1927) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 11, 1924, No. 3 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (Toowoomba, 1924), (Halcyon P. 4) - Comment: A tragic end to a productive life - TroveTag: &quot;4BN - Ernest Richard Cooling&quot; - Electoral Rolls: letter carrier (Toowoomba, 1908); telegraphist (Bowen, 1912); postal assistant (Toowoomba, 1913-1930)
===''COOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Saint Coombe|Coombe, Geoffrey Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-TXS] - 1913(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5ML Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1931-1939; Croydon, 1947-1948; Brooklyn Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 756, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5MR Jack Robert Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, 1941)
* [[/Jack Robert Saint Coombe|Coombe, Jack Robert Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-T3C] - 1910(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5MR Adelaide (Stirling West, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2923, 1949, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5ML Geoffrey Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, SA, 1941); electrical mechanic (Mt Lofty, SA, 1943)

===''COOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edwin Charles Cooper|Cooper, Alfred Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV9-9GK] - 1904(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2AL Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1926); 2UO Sydney (Northbridge, 1947-1950); 2AUO Sydney (Yacht Asgard, 1948-1960); 4AY Surfers Paradise (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 180, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 626, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fruit merchant (Ashfield, 1931); director (Northbridge, 1943-1958); company director (Clareville, 1963-1977)
* [[/Eric Cooper|Cooper, Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1M-WC4] - 1925(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 870, 1960, Tas - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Evandale, 1949); radio technician (Evandale, 1954)
* [[/Ernest Edward Cooper|Cooper, Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5F-RLJ] - 1905(Tas)-1951(Tas) - Licences: 7MK Launceston (Youngtown, 1926-1927); 7MC Launceston (City, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 261, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 151, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: may be related to 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1975) Eric Cooper  - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Ulverstone, 1936; Launceston East, 1943; Launceston West, 1949) 
* [[/Harold More Cooper|Cooper, Harold More or Harold Moore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ58-SJP] - 1886(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923-1925); 5HG Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 257, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; submarine cable telegraphist; archaeologist; historian - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cooper-harold-more-9821 ADB]
* [[/James Herbert Cooper|Cooper, James Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVTJ-14B] - 1914(NSW)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2ZG Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1930-1939 - Qualifications: AOCP 701, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Crows Nest, 1936-1943); broker (Mosman, 1949); stock and sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1949-1968); sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1972); broker (St Ives, 1977-1980)

===''CORDINGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harold Cordingley|Cordingley, Charles Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJK-SB4] - 1892(Eng)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ararat, 1913); electrical engineer (Flemington, 1915-1919); engineer (Ascot Vale, 1921-1954)
===''CORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert James Core|Core, Herbert James &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PF-R2Q] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4HC Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2012, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 392, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; formerly Sydney - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1929); assistant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949; Camp Hill, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''CORNELIUS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Edward Cornelius|Cornelius, Eric Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7P-2MD] - 1916(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6EC Albany (1936-1939); 6EC Kalgoorlie (1947-1948); 6EC Wagin (1954-1955); 6EC Perth (Inglewood, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1635, 1936, WA; TVOCP 200, 1959 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Station 6WA, Wagin, 1949-1954; Inglewood, WA, 1958-1977)

===''CORNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Cameron Corney|Corney, Kenneth Cameron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-2MB] - 1899(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: V755 Receive Bairnsdale (1922); 3GY Receive Bairnsdale (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gogeldrie, NSW, 1949); grazier (Metung, Vic, 1963-1980)

===''COTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alfred Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNH3-P9L] - 1897(SA)-1973(SA) - Licences: XVS Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5HY Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1926-1928; Colonel Light Gardens, 1931; Kilburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 270, 1926, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA SA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Semaphore, 1939); clerk (Findon, 1943)
* [[/Arthur Tylney Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Tylney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7G8-SGG] - 1884(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive Spring Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kelvedon, 1914-1963)
* [[/Leith Simpson Cotton|Cotton, Leith Simpson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR2-12K] - 1905(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5LG Adelaide (Burnside, 1932-1933); 5LG Iron Knob (1937-1939); 5LG Adelaide (Clarence Gardens, 1946-1948; Parkholme, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1023, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Iron Knob, 1939-1941)

===''COTTRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Morgan Cottrell|Cottrell, Joseph William Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VLW-L1Y] - 1897(NSW)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 2ZF Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1923); 2ZN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1925; Coogee, 1926-1930; Maroubra Junction, 1931; Dundas, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Carlingford, 1948-1950); 2ADX Sydney (Dundas/Portable, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 367, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 1, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coogee, 1930); broadcaster (Dundas, 1933-1934); radio operator (Dundas, 1936-1943); technician (Carlingford, 1949)

===''COUCHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Clyde McGregor Couchman|Couchman, Clifford Clyde McGregor &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQLS-T4D] - 1907(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4KZ Kaimkillenbun (1930-1939); 4KZ Dalby (1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 151, 1930; COCP 1st Class Marconi School (Halcyon) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Navy, wireless officer); broadcast technician (PMGD, 4QS); business proprietor (electrical &amp; radio, Dalby) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Kaimkillenbun, 1930-1937); engineer (Dalby, 1943-1963); electrical engineer (Dalby, 1968)
===''COULTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Maxwell Coulter|Coulter, Jack Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-MXK] - 1912(SA)-1985(???) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1937); 3MV Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939); 5JD Adelaide (Ashford, 1947-1948; Ackland Gardens, 1954-1960); 5JK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1712, 1936, SA; 2COCP 812, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Caulfield West, Vic, 1937); RAN (Port Melbourne, Vic, 1943)

===''COUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Couper|Couper, Andrew &quot;Andy&quot; Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6R8-R1T] - 1893(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: XQM Mareeba (1914); 4BW Mareeba (1923-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 71, 1925, No. 5 in Qld - early wireless experimenter (1914 &amp; likely earlier unlicensed); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: iron moulder (Mareeba, 1913-1932); engineer (Mareeba, 1936-1958)

===''COURT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Court|Court, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-Q5T] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4CT Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Bayswater, Qld, 1925-1936; Kedron, Qld, 1937-1958)
* [[/Thomas Palmer Court|Court, Thomas Palmer Jnr]] - 1895(Vic)-1976(NSW) - XNY Melbourne (Malvern, 1913-1914), 3BO Melbourne (Malvern, 1922), 3TC Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1927), early wireless experimenter (CPRT 211, 1916), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic, secretary, 1919-1920+), employment (radio salesman, 1928; STC, chief design engineer, 1954), IRE Aust (president, 1950-1951), father also named Thomas Palmer Court (1861, Vic - 1944, NSW)

===''COUSENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Light Reynolds Cousens|Cousens, Harold Light Reynolds]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDG9-3SK] - 1888(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N743 Receive Summer Hill (1922); 2HW Receive Summer Hill (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Tamworth, 1930-1963)
===''COUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Stuart Coutts|Coutts, Edwin Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-698] - 1893(Qld)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4BZ Receive Dalby (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Dalby, 1919-1937); garage proprietor (Dalby, 1943)

===''COWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christian Nesbit Cowan|Cowan, Christian Nesbit]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-6QW] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2PZ Aberdare (1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 613, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 486, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Aberdare, 1930-1963; Cessnock, 1968-1980)

===''COX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Grafton Cox|Cox, Allan (birth) or Allen (census) Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHWX-5XH] - 1892(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 120, 1915; 2COCP 103, 1930; 1COCP 347, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Rockhampton, 1914; Pinkenba, 1916-1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1921-1922; South Yarra, 1926-1927); O.I.C. (Cooktown, 1925; Thursday Island, 1930); radio officer (Clayfield, 1934); O.I.C. (Townsville, 1936-1937); engineer (Rockbank, 1942); wireless officer (Kangaroo Point, 1943; Hendra, Qld, 1949-1958); radio officer (Hendra, 1963-1977)
* [[/Erle Harold Cox|Cox, Erle Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8Z-RG2] - 1903(Tas)-1989(ACT) - Licences: 3BD Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922); 3BD Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1933); 2EP Canberra (Forrest, 1934-1935); 2GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1946-1955); 1GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1956-1965; Mawson, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 245, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist, president Press Gallery, Parliament House 1953 - Awards: O.B.E. for contribution to journalism in Australia 1953 - Relationships: son of Erle Cox, science fiction author [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cox-erle-5799] - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Caulfield, 1931; Gardiner, 1936; Forrest, 1937; Red Hill, 1943-1968; Mawson, 1972-1980)
* [[/Harold Cox|Cox, Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GQ-2RT] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 17, 1914; 1COCP 35, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: several contemporaneous Harold Cox
===''COXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Wooton Coxon|Coxon, Robert Wooton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-HVL] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6RW Northam (1924-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 30, 1924, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer, NT Gov (Director of Mines, 1947); WW2 - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6AG Wally Coxon - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cheltenham, SA, 1943); civil servant (Alice Springs, 1949-1954)
* [[/Walter Ernest Stanley Coxon|Coxon, Walter Ernest Stanley &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY8-JBS] - 1891(NSW)-1968(WA) - Licences: XYK Perth (Maylands, 1913); 6AG Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1925-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939; Bayswater, 1946-1947; Darlington, 1948-1960; Claremont, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 124, 1925, No. ?? in WA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (6WF) - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6RW Robert Wooton Coxon - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Maylands, 1914); engineer (Maylands, 1925-1937); radio engineer (East Perth, 1943; Darlington, 1949-1958); retired (Claremont, 1963-1968) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199311.pdf EA0] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199404.pdf] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199405.pdf EA2]

===''CRAIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith William Craig|Craig, Keith William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNB-7FD] - 1921(NSW)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 2AJV Newcastle (Stockton, 1938-1939); 2EP Newcastle (New Lambton, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2102, 1938, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Stockton, 1943); fitter (Lambton, 1949; New Lambton, 1958-1980)
* [[/Walter Archibald Craig|Craig, Walter Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7X4] - 1907(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2XI Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2XI Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 220, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Croydon, 1930-1954)
===''CRAMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warne Hutton Cramond|Cramond, Warne Hutton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XQB-N2G] - 1898(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2KJ Sydney (Lane Cove, 1928-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 397, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lane Cove, 1930-1949)
===''CRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Rae Cran|Cran, Morris Rae]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-B1J] - 1901(Qld)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 4KX Brisbane (West End, 1930-1939); 2MR Sydney (Rockdale, 1946-1947; Randwick, 1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 570, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West End, 1925-1937); accountant (Bondi, 1943); company secretary (Ranswick, 1954; Coogee, 1958)

===''CRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Layman William Victor Cranch|Cranch, Layman William Victor &quot;Lay&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1993(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer, journalist (editor, Australian Radio and Electronics, 1951), business (manager, Kingsley)
===''CRAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Bruce Cameron Craw|Craw, Russell Bruce Cameron &quot;Bruce&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF2Q-54Y] - 1901(Tas)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 7BC Burnie (1930-1933); 3BC Melbourne (1933-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 671, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Burnie, 1922; North Melbourne, 1924; Burnie, 1928); sales (Middle Park, Vic, 1935)
===''CRAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Thomas Crawford|Crawford, Cedric Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-42L] - 1905(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2YC Sydney (Burwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Burwood, 1930-1933); engineer (Captain's Flat, 1937-1943); mechanical engineer (Broken Hill South, 1954-1963); engineer (St Ives, 1968-1972)
* [[/John Murray Crawford|Crawford, John Murray]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief engineer PMGD, involved establishment of first ABC stations), don't confuse with William Tamillas Stephen Crawford
* [[/William Tamillas Stephen Crawford|Crawford, William Tamillas Stephen &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;W.T.S.C.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G738-35N] - 1880(Vic)-1962(NSW) - state public servant (P&amp;TD, Tas); senior federal public servant (PMGD, radio inspector); RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: don't confuse with John Murray Crawford

===''CREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Creamer|Creamer, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XK-965] - 1903(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2UR Sydney (Glebe Point, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Orange, 1930-1932); electrical engineer (Brewarrina, 1933; Henty, 1934-1935; Grose Vale, 1937; Richmond, 1943-1968)
===''CREDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter John Credlin|Credlin, Peter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-SH8] - 1938(Vic)-1984(NSW) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1954); engineer (Malvern, 1963; Lower Templestowe, 1967-1980)
===''CRESSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Gillespie Cresswell|Cresswell, Frank Gillespie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR45-Q56] - 1880(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3GI Melbourne (East Kew, 1924-1925; Camberwell, 1926-1927); Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - federal public service (PMGD); military (Commonwealth Naval Militia, engineer sublieutenant); RANRS (Radio Commander, terminated Nov 1920) - not to be confused with William Rooke '''Creswell''' - Electoral Rolls: instrument fitter (Camberwell, 1903-1906); Engineer-Lieutenant RAN (Prahran, 1912); naval officer (St Kilda, 1914); lieutenant RAN (Hawthorn, 1915-1919); RAN (Kew, 1922-1924); commandant RAN (Frankston, 1928-1934); naval officer (Olivers Hill, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1943); retired (Somers, 1949; Mt Eliza, 1954; Frankston, 1963)
* [[/Harry Leslie Cresswell|Cresswell, Harry Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9456-49G] - 1917(Qld)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 4DL Brisbane (Coorparoo, Qld, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified, likely RAN - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, Petty Officer Telegraphist, KIA, HMAS Yarra) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10293831 AWM] [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1690529 Roll of Honour]

===''CRESWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rooke Creswell|Creswell, William Rooke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4L-WRS] - 1852(Gibraltar)-1933(Vic) - early wireless experimenter (Lytton, Moreton Island), military (RAN; Qld Maritime Defence Force, commandant; Commonwealth Naval Forces, commandant) - Generally considered the father of the RAN, not to be confused with Frank Gillespie '''Cresswell''' - Electoral Rolls: naval commandant (South Brisbane, 1903-1905); director (Toorak, 1909-1919) - Links: [[w:William Rooke Creswell|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/creswell-sir-william-rooke-5817 ADB] [https://www.navy.gov.au/biography/vice-admiral-sir-william-rooke-creswell RAN]

===''CRIBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dunmore Foote Cribb|Cribb, Dunmore Foote]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPP-YQH] - 1899(Qld)-1946(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 134, 1925, No. 15 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Indooroopilly, 1921-1943)
===''CRICHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Robert Crichton|Crichton, Stanley Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK76-MZH] - 1893(NZ)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KH East Maitland (1929-1935); 9OU Port Moresby (1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 542, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 100, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (East Maitland, 1930-1935); wireless operator (Maclean, 1936); Radio 2NR (Lawrence, 1937); wireless operator (Ashfield, 1949); PMG technician (Ashfield, 1954-1963)
===''CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cridge, Wilfred Edgar Launder - See Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge

===''CRISP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Charles Crisp|Crisp, Henry Charles &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-5T2] - 1909(NSW)-1996(???) - Licences: 2LX Sydney (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933; Cronulla, 1934-1939, 1946); 2LX Ettalong (1947-1955); 2LX Woy Woy (1956-1961); 2LX Urunga (1965); 2LX Sydney (Cronulla, 1969; Gorokan, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 614, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: &quot;Henry Charles&quot; carrier (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933); radio dealer (Cronulla, 1934-1937); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; examiner (Bondi, 1943); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; no occupation (Ettalong, 1949); &quot;Henry Charles&quot; radio dealer (Ettalong, 1954-1963); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; motel proprietor (Urunga, 1968); manager (Sans Souci, 1972); retired (Cronulla, 1972); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; retired (Gorokan, 1977-1980)

===''CROCKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Edward Crocker|Crocker, Claude Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8R6-RZW] - 1875(USA)-1929(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West Perth, 1922-1925)
* [[/Edward Baker Crocker|Crocker, Edward Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYHX-65B] - 1867(Wales)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2BB Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2BB Sydney (Marrickville, 1922-1930) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 95, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: provision merchant (Marrickville, 1933-1937); retired (Marrickville, 1943-1949); no occupation (Earlwood, 1949-1954)
===''CROME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Keith Crome|Crome, Harry Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZTL-HF9] - 1908(Tas)-1975(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (New Town, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Hobart North, 1936-1954); linotype operator Melbourne (Alphington, 1963-1972) 
===''CROMIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Thomas Cromie|Cromie, Charles Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Z4-73H] - 1883(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager (Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 3UZ) - Electoral Rolls: draper (Maffra, 1903; Korumburra, 1905; East Melbourne, 1909; Maffra, 1912); engineer (East Melbourne, 1914); electrical engineer (Malvern, 1915-1917); engineer (Elsternwick, 1919; Caulfield, 1924-1927); electrical engineer (Melbourne East, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); engineer (Caulfield, 1934); director (Armadale, 1936-1949)
===''CROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Leonard Crooks|Crooks, James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK93-6HV] - 1890(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923-1925); 7BQ Launceston (1925-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 61, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (PMG) - Relationships: father of 3AAC John Peter Crooks - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914; Launceston, 1919-1968); no occupation (Low Head, 1972)
* [[/John Peter Crooks|Crooks, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRZL-Z2J] - 1921(Tas)-2013(Vic) - Licences: 3AAC Colac (1960); 3AAC Bulleen (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 2107, 1938, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 7BQ James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot; Crooks - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Elsternwick, 1949); engineer (East Geelong, 1954; Bulleen, 1963-1977)
===''CROPLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cropley|Cropley, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-YVK] - 1893(NSW)-1935(NSW) - Licences: N735 Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922); 2HT Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of Mervyn Eric Cropley - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Homebush, 1930-1933) 
* [[/Mervyn Eric Cropley|Cropley, Mervyn Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLG-MYS] - 1920(NSW)-1951(Aus) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 403, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2HT Eric William Cropley - Electoral Rolls: radio officer (Homebush, 1943); salesman (Blaxland, 1949)
===''CROUCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Casimir Crouch|Crouch, Ernest Casimir &quot;Ern&quot;]] - 1908(???)-1989(NSW) - 2QJ Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1923), 2EC Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1939), 2EC Orange (1946-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 16, 1924, No. 6 in NSW), amateur broadcaster; engineer; Mosman Radio Laboratories 1927 (proprietor?)

===''CROWDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Crowder, Joyce Isabel see Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel

===''CULLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Norman Seth Culliver|Culliver, Francis Norman Seth &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-SWD] - 1891(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3DP Receive Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1922); 3DP Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923-1925; Hawthorn, 1925-1927); 3UG Melbourne (Rye, 1948-1956); 3UG Queenscliff (1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of Keith Norman Culliver &amp; Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1931-1954)
* [[/Ian Douglas Culliver|Culliver, Ian Douglas &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-WDM] - 1916?(Vic)-2002(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 655, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Keith Norman Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)
* [[/Keith Norman Culliver|Culliver, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-753] - 1914(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 656, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)

===''CUMMING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Humberstone Cumming|Cumming, William Humberstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLF-9FS] - 1903(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 3BK Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Notting Hill, 1931); engineer (Cheltenham, 1931); contractor (Malvern, 1936-1949); engineer (Malvern, 1954)
===''CUMMINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Cummings|Cummings, Bruce]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1928, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''CUMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Vincent Cummins|Cummins, Reginald Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-FLN] - 1911(Qld)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4VC Brisbane (Newmarket, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1939, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (East Ipswich, Qld, 1934-1937); public servant (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''CUNLIFFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James August Cunliffe|Cunliffe, James August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7KX-DQW] - 1904(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3ZO Melbourne (Croxton, 1930-1931; Preston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947); 3AZO Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1954; East Preston, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 597, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinet maker (Preston, 1927); electrician (Preston East, 1931-1942); cabinet maker (Preston East, 1949); carpenter (Preston East, 1963-1980)  
===''CUNNINGHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hugh Cunningham|Cunningham, Robert Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-Z7M] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3ML Melbourne (Malvern, 1928-1937; Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Frankston, 1946-1947; Malvern, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 463, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Malvern, 1931; Gardiner, 1936-1937); RAAF (Frankston, 1949); manager (Malvern, 1949-1954); director (Malvern, 1963-1980) - R. H. Cunningham, electronics retailer?

===''CURETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Poyner Cureton|Cureton, John Poyner &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L29Y-H1R] - 1905(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2AY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2AY Sydney (Burwood, 1923-1930); 2AU Sydney (Burwood, 1930-1933; Gordon, 1933-1934; Burwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1950); 2AU Little Hartley (1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 168, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2AY callsign withdrawn by PMGD in 1930 and reallocated to new commercial 2AY Albury - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Burwood, 1930; Parkes, 1936); engineer (Burwood, 1943); grazier (Little Hartley, 1958)
===''CURLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Clarence Curle|Curle, George Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ25-DZZ] - 1914(NSW)-1941(Egypt) - licences: 2AJB Sydney (Chullora, 1937-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 1813, 1937, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 310, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), WW2 - electoral rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''CURNOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Ross Curnow|Curnow, Geoffrey Ross]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - historian (wireless &amp; broadcasting), &quot;The history of the development of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia to 1942, with especial reference to the Australian Broadcasting Commission : a political and administrative study&quot;
===''CURRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Benjamin John Currie|Currie, Francis Benjamin John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8JP] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: None yet found - Qualifications: AOCP 395, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: checker (Albert Park, Vic, 1936); storeman (Semaphore, 1939; Queensbury, 1941)
* [[/James Lawrence Currie|Currie, James Lawrence &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-9GW] - 1905(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Bundaberg (1936-1937); 4LC Proserpine (1938-1939); 4LC St George (1946-1956); 4LC Brisbane (Dutton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1631, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; power station engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, Qld, 1929; Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Blackhall, Qld, 1943; St George, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Caboolture, Qld, 1958)

===''CURTIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. F. Curtis|Curtis, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AI Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CUSACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Chanel Cusack|Cusack, Leo Chanel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YN-49P] - 1897(NSW)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Port Moresby (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 229, 1916; 1COCP 319, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maroubra, 1930); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1931-1936; Maroubra, 1943); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1949); radio operator (Darwin, 1949-1954); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1958-1963); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Sidney Claude Cusack|Cusack, Sidney or Sydney Claude or Claud]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW42-D16] - 1885(Eng)-1973(Canada) - Licences: 5CK Adelaide (Dulwich, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 5, 1914 (No. 5 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1916)

===''CUSHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Thomas Cushen|Cushen, Arthur Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQL-FP3] - 1920(NZ)-1997(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1930s to 1990s; DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club, DX Australia) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen/ Autobiography]; [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tributes]

===''CUSITER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Macgregor Cusiter|Cusiter, Robert William Macgregor &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6H8-73C] - 1908(NSW)-1970(???) - 2RW Sydney (Lewisham, 1925-1926; Turramurra, 1927-1929; Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1931-1939, 1946-1955; Hornsby, 1956-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 203, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1930-1949; Hornsby, 1958-1968), AWA, PMGD, WW2 (worked on defence electronics)

===''CUTHBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Cuthbert|Cuthbert, Henry]] - 1829(Irl)-1907(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1877-Jul 1878; Mar 1880-Aug 1880)
===''CUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gregory Maxwell Cutts|Cutts, Gregory Maxwell &quot;Maxwell&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQBR-22Q] - 1903(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2GM Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 17, 1924, No. 7 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor (2ML, Mosman Radio Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mosman, 1930-1937; Abbotsford, 1949); sales manager (North Ryde, 1954-1963); manager (Cheltenham, 1972-1980)

=='''D'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''DAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Luja Dahl|Dahl, Norman Luja]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L433-MY6] - 1888(NZ)-1938(Qld) - Licences: 2ND Sydney (Wahroonga, 1933-1937); 4ND Ayr (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1079, 1933, NSW; AOLCP 249, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: consulting engineer (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1935); teacher (Wahroonga, NSW, 1937); company director (Ayr, Qld, 1936-1937)
* [[/Oscar Sydney Dahl|Dahl, Oscar Sydney &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLWV-S5D] - 1904(NZ)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4KA Ayr (1933-1935); 7KA Hobart (1947); 4KA Ayr (1948); 9KA Lae (1969); 4VT Innisfail (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1151, 1933, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; surveyor - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Arapuni, NZ,  1928-1931); tramline engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1931-1936); engineer (Gordonvale, Qld, 1937); civil engineer (Fitzgerald, Tas, 1943; Ayr, Qld, 1949-1958); surveyor (Innisfail, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''DALBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dalby|Dalby, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BI Adelaide (SA School of Mines, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Directories: lecturer (School of Mines, Adelaide, 1922-1934) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DALTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Martin Dalton|Dalton, Robert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-SH3] - 1897(Vic)-1949(Vic) - Licences: XLB Melbourne (Auburn, 1913); 3UI Mildura (1923-1925); 3UI Melbourne (Balaclava, 1925-1926; Caulfield, 1927; Camberwell, 1931-1933); 3UN Melbourne (Camberwell, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 158, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Mildura, 1919-1924); radio engineer (Hawthorn, 1926-1927); clerk (Camberwell, 1928); sales (Camberwell, 1931-1949)

===''DANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Dane|Dane, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYF7-5RS] - 1868(Eng)-1928(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3JD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (Hawthorn, 1908-1909); merchant (Auburn, 1912-1927)
===''DANGERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Henry Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Joseph Henry &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-22D] - 1911(Eng)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NF Townsville (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1686, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (radio electrical salesman) - Relationships: brother of 4NL Norman Gerard Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1937-1954); mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Airlie Beach, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Norman Gerard Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Norman Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-5FD] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NL Ayr (1936-1939); 4ND Ayr (1956-1965); 4ND Brisbane (Sherwood, 1969-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1687, 1936, Qld; BOCP 1062, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Elphinstones); broadcast technician (4AY, ABC Townsville); business proprietor (radio) - Halcyon: AOCP at 16yo - Relationships: brother of 4NF Joseph Henry Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: aircraft fitter (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Ayr, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Ayr, Qld, 1954; Home Hill, Qld, 1958); clerk (Sherwood, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''DANIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Septimus Daniel|Daniel, Louis Septimus]] - 1834(Eng)-1909(Vic) - experimented with etheric force in mid 1870s, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society of Victoria, member), employment (Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs, concluding acting Secretary, 1897), linguist

===''DARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Darley|Darley, Ernest John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4BX-9ZK] - 1898(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6CJ Perth (South Perth, 1923-1930) - Qualifications: cc;  CPRT 243, 1916; 2COCP 835, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor importer (South Perth, 1925-1936); importer (Rockingham, 1943); technician (South Perth, 1954-1963)

===''DAVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Barrett Davey|Davey, Harold Barrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYY-FN4] - 1898(Tas)-1948(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Launceston, 1922); electrician (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John Alfred Davey|Davey, John Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6X-FSF] - 1913(SA)-1992(Qld) - 2YE Sydney (Glebe Point, 1935-1938; Ashfield, 1939; Homebush, 1946-1975), amateur operator (1COCP 19, 1934; 3COCP 1029, 1952), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer
* [[/John Anderton Davey|Davey, John Anderton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-3ZH] - 1909(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923), 3AD Melbourne (Brighton, 1925-1926; Elsternwick, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 66, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, manufacturer's agent
* [[/Ralph William Davey|Davey, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGN-W9X] - 1916(SA)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 5KD Adelaide (North Croydon, 1935-1939; Mile End, 1947; Blanchetown, 1948); 5DY Portable Adelaide (North Croydon, 1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1481, 1935, SA; 1COCP 515, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Ridleyton North, SA, 1939; Whyalla, SA, 1941-1948); RAAF (Guildford, WA, 1958; Beaumaris, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''DAVIDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. R. Davidson|Davidson, E. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FP Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DAVIES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Tempest Davies|Davies, Henry Tempest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G889-FX9] - 1900(WA)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6HD Perth (Highgate Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 563, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Balkatta, 1921); police officer (Mundijong, 1943); sergeant (Victoria Park, 1949-1958; Lathlain Park, 1963-1977; Victoria Park, 1980)
* [[/Reginald Raymond Clifford Davies|Davies, Reginald Raymond Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGM-73Y] - 1915(SA)-1988(WA) - Licences: 5LJ Adelaide (Goodwood Park, 1933-1939; Plympton, 1947-1948); 3AY Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1960; Heathmont, 1965-1969); 6BQ Perth (Bickley, 1975); 6BQ Denmark (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1138, 1933, SA; BOCP 121, 1937; 1COCP 534, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM Berri, SA, 1941); mechanic (Plympton, SA, 1941-1943); public servant (Prahran, Vic, 1954); retired (Bickley, WA, 1972-1977)

===''DAVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Hargan Davis|Davis, Henry Hargan or Hargon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT6C-6MB] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Strathfield, 1923-1924); 2HH Sydney (Strathfield, 1926-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 289, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Strathfield, 1930-1936); engineer (Strathfield, 1943) - Professor Henry Hargan Davis, BSc, BE (Syd), PhD (Camb), 1946-1973 (Emeritus Professor 1974) [https://docplayer.net/82920769-Engineering-education-the-university-of-adelaide.html]
* [[/Ross Raleigh Davis|Davis, Ross Raleigh &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ54-9Q4] - 1907(Vic)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2DS Receive Sydney (Vaucluse, 1920-1922); 2DS Sydney (Vaucluse, 1923-1929; Double Bay, 1930-1933; Rose Bay, 1933-1938; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 249, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 934, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: accompanied 2CM on the SS Tahiti; education (Sydney Technical College, Electrical Engineering Degree); employment (AWA, engineer, 1925-1973) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Double Bay, 1930; Rose Bay, 1933-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1958; Rose Bay, 1958-1980)

===''DAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dawson|Dawson, Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 559, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stovemaker (Hurlstone Park, 1930); storeman (Marrickville, 1931) - Not yet fully identified
* [[/Richard Stanley Dawson|Dawson, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2NQ] - 1897(Vic)-1983(NSW) - Licences: XZP Hobart (1913-1914); 3DA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 282, 1917 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1919); electrical engineer (Melbourne, 1921-1924; Toorak, 1925-1926; South Yarra, 1927-1928); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1930; Mosman, 1931-1972; Roseville, NSW, 1977)

===''DEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Launston Alexander Deane|Deane, Launston Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-182] - 1909(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5LD Adelaide (Tusmore, 1933; Hazelwood Park, 1937-1939; Royston Park, 1947-1955; Hazelwood Park, 1956-1965; St Georges, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1090, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Burnside, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Kyrle Deane|Deane, Raymond Kyrle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-HB1] - 1917(SA)-2010(SA)93yo - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1728, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Fullarton, SA, 1939-1941); clerk (Fullarton, SA, 1943)

===''DE BAVAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Jean Xavier de Bavay|de Bavay, Francis Jean or John Xavier ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFJ-D1R] - 1887(Vic)-1955(Tas) - Licences: 4FO Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Kew, Vic, 1909); brewer (West Perth, WA, 1916); chemist (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1921); manager (New Farm, Qld, 1925); master brewer (Cascades, Tas, 1928-1936); manager (Hobart South, Tas, 1943-1954)

===''DE CRESPIGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Philip Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCJG-QN9] - 1879(Vic)-1918(Palestine) - Licences: XPU Melbourne (Brighton, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Relationships: half brother of 3FM Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Royalieu Dana Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH7P-7SD] - 1905(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Brighton, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Elmhurst, 1936-1949); farmer (Cobden, 1954; South Ecklin, 1963-1980) - Relationships: half brother of XPU Philip Champion de Crespigny

===''DE CURE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Gerard de Cure|de Cure, John Edward Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVD6-DWD] - 1899(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 3WL Melbourne (Coburg, 1929-1933); 5KO Adelaide (Glenelg, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 2KO Sydney (Artarmon, 1957-1958); 5KO Adelaide (Fulham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 535, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 22, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cobden, 1954); public servant (North Carlton, 1921-1924; Coburg, 1927-1934; Artarmon, NSW, 1958)

===''DEARNESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Sinclair Dearness|Dearness, Harry Sinclair]] - 19??-2004(Qld) - 4KW Mackay (1939, 1946-1975), Brisbane (Strathpine) (1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2328, 1939, No. ? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, AIF), employment (radio &amp; TV mechanic)

===''DEEGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Edward Deegan|Deegan, Stanley Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYK3-2V3] - 1893(Tas)-1944(Tas) - Licences: 7AK Hobart (St Virgil's College, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; public servant (State &amp; Federal, PMGD); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922); civil servant (Hobart, 1928-1936); postal official (Hobart, 1943)
===''DEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival William Deer|Deer, Percival William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2DJ-9ZF] - 1901(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5DR Adelaide (Seacliff, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 451, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brighton, 1939-1943)

===''DELBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Joseph Robert Delbridge|Delbridge, Reginald Joseph Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L439-HNM] - 1888(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4RJ Childers (1927); 4RJ Brisbane (Paddington, 1931-1933; Booval, 1937-1939); 4RJ Stanthorpe (1946-1948); 4RJ Brisbane (Northgate, 1954-1955; Toowong, 1956); 4RJ Burleigh Heads (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 383, 1927, No. 42 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), minister of religion - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Ingham, 1917-1919); minister (Kingaroy, 1925); clergyman (Ashgrove, 1943); minister (Stanthorpe, 1949); minister of religion (New Farm, 1954); Methodist Minister (Toowong, 1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963)
===''DELLIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Stephen Dellit|Dellit, Samuel Stephen]] - Licences: VK4ZSS Brisbane, VK3 Melbourne, VK1DXA Canberra - Qualifications: AOLCP Q0078, 1971 - amateur operator, broadcast DXer, broadcast planning engineer, federal public servant, radio historian (aeradio, amateur, broadcast, coastal)

===''DEMPSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter McInnes Dempsey|Dempsey, Walter McInnes &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTQN-B69] - 1910(Vic)-2010(Vic) - Licences: 3WD Melbourne (Cheltenham, 1929-1931); 7WD Cambridge (1948); 3AZD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1954); 3WD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1955-1969; Oak Park, 1975); 3WD Marong (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 515, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 41, 1931; 1COCP 217, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Cheltenham, 1931; Mordialloc, 1936-1937); radio operator (Mentone, 1942); aeradio operator (Cambridge, Tas, 1949); public servant (Pascoe Vale, 1954-1968; Oak Park, 1972); retired (Marong, 1977-1980)

===''DENBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Roy Denby|Denby, Harry Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJTS-LLS] - 1906(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4FR Receive Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923); 4AX Brisbane (Kedron, 1936-1939); 4AX Cairns (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1800, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937; Cairns, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''DENISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Robert Denison|Denison or Dixson, Hugh Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-WTC] - 1865(NSW)-1940(Vic) - born Hugh Robert Dixson; businessman, parliamentarian, philanthropist; director of Australasian Wireless Co. then Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) - Links: [[w:Hugh Denison|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-hugh-robert-5955 ADB]

===''DENNEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Roy Denneen|Denneen, Harold Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-6YG] - 1894(NSW)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (A/g Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928-1937)
===''DENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Roy Dennett|Dennett, Phillip or Philip Roy or Ray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNX4-D9K] - 1897(SA)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 5IV Berri (1931-1938); 4IV Camooweal (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 799, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Morningside, Qld, 1943; West End, Qld, 1949-1954; Rockhampton, Qld, 1958); public servant (Morningside, Qld, 1963-1977)

===''DERHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Thomas Derham|Derham, Frederick Thomas]] - 1844(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Victorian Postmaster-General (1886-1890)
===''DERRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/V. M. Derrick|Derrick, V. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2VM Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DEVITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Lane Devitt|Devitt, Raymond Lane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB11-PTK] - 1905(Tas)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6DR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 990, 1928; 2COCP 287, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1931); manager (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Owen Dewan|Dewan, John Owen (Electoral Rolls) or Owen John (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-2D4] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6JK Perth (Maylands, 1930-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933; City, 1937; North Perth, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 715, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 3COCP 188, 1936; 2COCP 99, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Maylands, WA, 1931; North Perth, 1934-1937); teacher (East Perth, WA, 1943); trade instructor (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Dexter|Dexter, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G428-3PS] - 1906(Eng)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DR Melbourne (Northcote, 1926-1927); 3VR Melbourne (Sandringham, 1938-1939; Black Rock, 1946-1956; Parkdale, 1960-1965; Mt Eliza, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 241, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Northcote, 1927); engineer (Preston, 1931; Sandringham, 1942-1954); radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1963); retired (Mt Eliza, 1968-1980)

===''DICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Dick|Dick, F.]] - abt 1883(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''DIDDAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Harlin Flower Diddams|Diddams, Robert Harlin or Harland Flower]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZN-YJP] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Toowong, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925); printer (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); retired (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1968)

===''DILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Dillon|Dillon, Arthur Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot; &quot;Ern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85L-HH7] - 1902(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1922); 4CH Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, 1925); engineer (New Farm, 1929); electrical engineer (Atherton, 1931-1932); electrician (Greenslopes, 1943-1954; Mt Gravatt, 1958)

===''DINEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Dineen|Dineen, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM8L-9R6] - 1919(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7GD Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1588, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 6330, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Launceston, 1949-1968)
===''DIRCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Alfred Dircks|Dircks, Alexander Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-6GN] - 1858(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - senior federal public servant (PMGD, Electrical Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gurnhill Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Gurnhill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G826-18S] - 1896(Tas)-1966(Vic) - Licences: XZA Wynyard (1913-1914); 3JG Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1933); 3AD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 3AVE Melbourne (Nunawading, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 462, 1919; 2COCP 160, 1930; 1COCP 271, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Wynyard, 1919); wireless mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934); technician (Auburn, 1936-1937); inspector (Surrey Hills, 1943-1963) - Probate: retired marine inspector (Melbourne, 1966)
* [[/Arthur Lionel Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82F-YX7] - 1897(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 236 Sydney (Burwood, 1920); 2BS Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2AD Sydney (Canterbury, 1929; Strathfield, 1930); 4AD Brisbane (Norman Park, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 202, 1916; 2COCP 288, 1930; 1COCP 170, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Concord, NSW, 1930; Norman Park, Qld, 1931-1943); RANVR (Kyeemagh, 1943); engineer (Waverton, 1949; Eastwood, 1954; Lidcombe North, 1958); managing director (Blakehurst, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Musgrave Dixon|Dixon, Charles Frederick Musgrave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L27B-XXY] - 1894(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2II Receive Cootamundra (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Cootamundra, 1930-1937); telegraphist (Goulburn, 1943; Annandale, 1949-1954; Camperdown, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Malcolm Dixon|Dixon, John Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWD1-HXH] - 1922(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); education (Scots College, 1935-1939); military (WW2, AIF, 1942-1945) - Links: [https://www.scotch.vic.edu.au/greatscot/2008decGS/74.htm Obit]
* [[/Lionel Stanley Dixon|Dixon, Lionel Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PR-QD2] - 1912(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 3TE Melbourne (Croydon, 1947-1948; Elwood, 1954-1980); 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2177, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Glenferrie, Vic, 1934-1937); builder (Box Hill South, Vic, 1949; Elsternwick, Vic, 1954-1967; Elwood, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZI Condong (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4GF Victoria Hills, Herbert River (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Reginald Hilton Dixon|Dixon, Reginald Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82N-FQV] - 1915(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2QD Albury (1933-1937); 2QD Armidale (1938-1939); 2QD Albury (1946-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1216, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Albury, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (Albury, 1972-1977)

===''DODDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stokell Dodds|Dodds, Sir John Stokell Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMYR-2KQ] - 1906(Tas)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 7DJ Hobart (City, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 208, 1935; AOCP 1851, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Town, 1936-1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954); electrical engineer (Wahroonga, 1958-1968); manager (St Ives, 1972)
* [[/John William Matthew Dodds|Dodds, John William Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NX-3CT] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KK Kurri Kurri (1930-1939); 2AZD Newcastle (New Lambton, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 644, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: miner (Kuri Kurri, 1930-1949; New Lambton, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Henry Dodds|Dodds, Leonard Henry &quot;Len&quot;]] - 1908(NSW)-1983(Qld) - 4GD Townsville (1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Townsville ARC, life member), military (Navy, RAAF), employment (PMGD)
* [[/Ronald George Dodds|Dodds, Ronald George]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
===''DODDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Doddy|Doddy, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-HWS] - 1899(Tas)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WH Perth (Claremont, 1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1817, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Claremont, WA, 1931-1958)

===''DOHRMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Stanley Glenville Dohrmann|Dohrmann, George Stanley Glenville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-TB8] - 1902(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922); 3AM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Canterbury, Vic, 1924-1926); warehouseman (Burwood, Vic, 1931; Canterbury, 1937-1943); agriculturalist (Mt Dandenong, 1949-1954; Mooroolbark, 1968-1980)

===''DOIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Louis Doig|Doig, Norman Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSD-M17] - 1912(WA)-2014(WA)101yo - Licences: 6ND Carnamah (1937-1939); 6CB Perth (Floreat Park, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2061, 1937, WA; 3COCP 1505, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Carnamah, WA, 1936-1937; Floreat Park, WA, 1943); telegraphist (City Beach, WA, 1949; Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley, WA, 1968-1972); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1977-1980)

===''DONNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Walter Donne|Donne, Charles Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FC7] - 1897(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: XLO Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 2YD Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925); 3YD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 271, 1916; 2COCP 87, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Seaman) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (St Kilda, 1919-1924); technician (St Kilda, 1925-1931); dealer (Armadale, 1934-1937); investor (Mornington, 1943); grazier (Dromana, 1949-1954); nil (Mornington, 1963-1972) - Migration: South Africa (1955-1962)
===''DOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Lawson Dook|Dook, Valentine Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7X1-NJH] - 1903(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KB Perth (Maylands, 1931-1933; Mt Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 754, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter's assistant (East Perth, WA, 1931); oil plant attendant (Leederville, WA, 1936-1937); control room operator (Leederville, WA, 1943; Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); electrical foreman (Wembley, WA, 1958-1977)

===''DORWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haxton Dorward|Dorward, William Haxton, Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD77-X62] - 1901(Vic)-1937(NSW) - Licences: 3CA Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922-1923); 3CA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Sandringham, 1924-1926); grazier (Moama, 1930; Fort Station, Barnes, 1935-1937)

===''DOUBIKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Thomas Henry Doubikin|Doubikin, William Thomas Henry]] - 1890(Vic)-1927(Tas) - Licences: Hobart Receive 1920s, early wireless experimenter (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, Councillor, 1924), passed too soon
===''DOUDNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Doudney|Doudney, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MQDH-R32] - 1873(Eng)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Receive Melbourne (Balaclava, 1922); 3EM Melbourne (Balaclava, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 63, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion (Holy Trinity Church) - Electoral Rolls: vicar (St Kilda, 1924-1942); nil (Caulfield, 1949-1954; Elsternwick, 1963)
===''DOUGLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gavin Cunningham Douglas|Douglas, Gavin Cunningham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99J-KJ4] - 1912(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3YK Melbourne (Bayswater, 1931-1939, 1947-1950+; Blackburn, 1954; Canterbury, 1955-1960+; Surrey Hills, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 743, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bayswater, 1935-1949); sales representative (Canterbury, 1963; Surrey Hills, 1968-1980)
* [[/Gordon Adye Douglas|Douglas, Gordon Adye]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRVY-WLJ] - 1878(Tas)-1957(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Receive Gormanston (1923); Receive Gormanston (1923); 7GD Gormanston (1924-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 34, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Gormanston, 1914-1928); draughtsman (Queenstown, 1936); geological surveyor (Queenstown, 1937-1943); no occupation (Hobart South, 1949; Blackman's Bay, 1954)
* [[/Hugh Alexander McKay Douglas|Douglas, Hugh Alexander McKay &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV3Y-3W4] - 1889(Eng)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2HD (Class B) Newcastle (1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Class B broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a Listener) - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Newcastle, 1913); vulcaniser (Hamilton, 1930-1935); manager (Newcastle, 1936-1937); engineer (Mayfield, 1943; Hamilton, 1949)

===''DOWDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Lorens Thomas Dowding|Dowding, Philip Lorena or Loreno or Lorens Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZH8-Z6D] - 1901(Tas)-19??(Vic) - Licences: 7AC Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Moonah, 1922); electrician (St Kilda, 1926-1931; Prahran, 1934; Melbourne, 1937; St Kilda, 1943-1949); electrical foreman (Eildon, 1954)
===''DOWNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Downie|Downie, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y2-LQ8] - 1879(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Victoria Police (wireless department, senior constable); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo VPF) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Broadford, 1903); constable (North Carlton, 1909-1924); senior constable (Preston, 1927-1936)
===''DOWNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Evan Downing|Downing, William Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHV4-K46] - 1874(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3LQ Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3LQ Warrnambool (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: brassfounder (Warrnambool, 1912-1937)

===''DOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Laurence Doyle|Doyle, Herbert Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VG-WVC] - 1894(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3HD Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1931); 3CR Melbourne (Malvern, 1933; Kooyong, 1937; Frankston, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 697, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: independent means (St Arnaud, 1924); grazier (Malvern East, 1925-1927); clerk (Malvern East, 1931-1937); home duties (Malvern, 1943)

===''DRAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James George Drake|Drake, James George]] - 1850(Eng)-1941(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1880s &amp; 1890s), state politician (Qld MLA, 1880s &amp; 1890s), politician (Postmaster-General 1901-1903)
===''DRANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Edward Draney|Draney, Walter Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KLP-VT7] - 1896(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milton, Qld, 1919; Greenslopes, Qld, 1921-1928; Tully, Qld, 1937; Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba West, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Drayton, Qld, 1980)
===''DREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred John Drew|Drew, Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-1HH] - 1907(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5LN Adelaide (Kensington, 1933-1939; Erindale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1078, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Erindale, SA, 1943)

===''DUBOIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Louis Dubois|Dubois, Paul Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZQ-QN3] - 1918(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 4UJ Brisbane (Rosalie, 1936-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1947; South Brisbane, 1948; Highgate Hill, 1954-1960; Bardon 1960); 4PL Brisbane (Bardon 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1677, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; senior public servant (PMGD, Telstra) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1943; South Brisbane, Qld, 1949); public servant (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1954-1958); engineer (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977); manager telecommunications (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Duff, William Vere Hobart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZC-JGP] - 1893(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3DB Receive Melbourne (Malvern East, 1922); 3DB Melbourne (Malvern East, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Malvern East, 1914); engineer (Malvern East, 1919-1924; Glenferrie, 1931-1937; Toorak, 1943-1954; Harkaway, 1958-1968)
===''DUFFY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Duffy|Duffy, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-QKJ] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Sydney (Redfern, 1933; Woollahra, 1934; Rose Bay, 1935-1937); 4AQ Brisbane (Grange, 1938); 2AQ Sydney (Bondi, 1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; AOLCP 264, 1936; TVOCP 54, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous JDs, needs review - Electoral Rolls: manager (Woollahra, NSW, 1934); engineer (Vaucluse, NSW, 1935);
* [[/Maurice Boyce Duffy|Duffy, Maurice Boyce &quot;Morrie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRYK-S76] - 1886(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/duffy-maurice-boyce-morrie-6030 ADB]
* [[/William Oswald Duffy|Duffy, William Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2Q2] - 1861(Eng)-1916(Tas) - Licences: XZO Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: signalman (Battery Point, 1914)

===''DUGGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry George Duggan|Duggan, Harry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9H-8LW] - 1905(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3XI Warrnambool (1930-1965); 3AXI Warrnambool (1965-1969); 3XI Garvoc (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 592, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Warrnambool, 1931-1954); engineer (Warrnambool, 1963-1968)

===''DUKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon William Dukes|Dukes, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RY-PGT] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2WD Sydney (Forest Lodge, 1930-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1950; Homebush, 1954-1956; Cremorne, 1957-1958; Lane Cove, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 571, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 139, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glebe, 1933-1937); radio engineer (Homebush, 1943-1949); engineer (Cremorne, 1954-1958); technician (Lane Cove, 1963-1980)

===''DUNDAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Loftus Dundas|Dundas, Reginald Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-8LM] - 1915(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4DU Crawford, Kingaroy Line (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1990, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Theodore, Qld, 1937); labourer (Crawford, Kingaroy Line, Qld, 1949-1972); farmer (Torquay, Qld, 1977)

===''DUNLEAVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Francis Dunleavy|Dunleavy, Joseph Francis]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 508, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (St Kilda, 1924); electrical fitter (Melbourne, 1926; South Yarra, 1931); fitter (St Kilda, 1934)

===''DUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Dunn|Dunn, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSN-T31] - 1898(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2GU Receive Sydney (South Kensington, 1922); 2GU Sydney (South Kensington, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coachbuilder (Kensington, 1930-1943); manager (Kingsford, 1958); retired (The Entrance, 1963-1980)
===''DUNSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter John Dunstan|Dunstan, Walter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-Y3V] - 1904(Vic)-1927(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Receive Ballarat (1922); 3JR Ballarat (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 106, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: gone too soon - Relationships: brother of William Dunstan, Victoria Cross - Electoral Rolls: student (Ballarat East, 1927)

===''DURBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Keep Durbridge|Durbridge, William Keep]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDN-Z4B] - 1908(WA)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 4FS Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Innisfail, Qld, 1930); clerk (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1937); bookkeeper (Dundoo Station, Eulo, Qld, 1937); no occupation (St Kilda, Vic, 1963-1972; Melbourne, Vic, 1977)

===''DUTHOIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert George Duthoit|Duthoit, Albert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ94-V82] - 1901(Tas)-1970(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); labourer (Croydon North, 1931); no occupation (Armadale, 1931); engineer (Hobart South, 1936); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1935-1943); clerk (Ivanhoe, 1949; Oakleigh, 1954; Malvern, 1958); nil (Malvern, 1967-1968)
===''DUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Henry Dutton|Dutton, Thomas Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJG1-LRN] - 1862(Eng)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: painter (Rockhampton, Qld, 1903-1905); commission agent (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1908-1909); printer (Valley, Qld, 1913); traveller (Teneriffe, Qld, 1915-1937)

=='''E'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''EARLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Edwin Earle|Earle, Frank Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YV-B62] - 1900(SA)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 823, 1924 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Erasmus Earle|Earle, Robert Erasmus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLX-NC1] - 1894(Eng)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6LC Perth (Floreat Park, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 4390, 1966, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Floreat Park, 1954-1977)
===''EASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Easter|Easter, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2L-656] - 1914(SA)-1983(???) - Licences: 5RO Montieth (1933); 5RO Port Elliot (1937); 5RO Moonta (1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1111, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Moonta, SA, 1939-1947) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/532330 VWM]

===''EASTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Spencer Easton|Easton, Frederick William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-7XD] - 1914(NSW)-1944(PNG) - licences: 2BQ Sydney (Bondi, 1931-1935; Bellevue Hill, 1936-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 846, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - electoral rolls: projectionist (Rose Bay, 1936-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''EDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Frederick Ede|Ede, Charles Frederick or Friederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7D-PYL] - 1885(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Wellington Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1908; Albion, Qld, 1912-1921); assistant secretary (Manly, Qld, 1925-1963); retired (Wynnum North, 1968)

===''EDGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Waldene Edgar|Edgar, Douglas Waldene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5XS-K4X] - 1895(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6DW New Norcia (1927-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 314, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gingin, 1922; New Norcia, 1925-1954); retired (Nedlands, 1958-1963)
* [[/John Matheson Edgar|Edgar, John Matheson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB42-K1G] - 1881(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Geelong (1923); 3YW Geelong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Training College, Carlton, 1903); state school teacher (Ballarat, 1909); teacher (Ballarat, 1913-1914; Geelong, 1917-1924; Essendon, 1925-1954)
* [[/Mervyn John Edgar|Edgar, Mervyn John or John Mervyn &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4W-647] - 1913(NSW)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4JE Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1302, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Radio Location Unit); radio retailing (Tracksons) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); salesman (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); shop assistant (Bulimba, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''EDWARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Patrick Joseph Edwards|Edwards, Frederick Patrick Joseph]] - 1918(WA)-2004(WA) - Licences: 6DN Merredin (1938-1939); 6DN Perth (West Perth, 1947-1965; Ardross, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2127, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/H. E. Edwards|Edwards, H. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Croydon, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert John Edwards|Edwards, Herbert John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF5-KP8] - 1894(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1937) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 802, 1923; 2COCP 18, 1929; 1COCP 208, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous HJEs - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rose Bay, NSW, 1930-1933); radio operator (Lord Howe Island, NSW, 1949); communication officer (Rose Bay, NSW, 1954)

===''EGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mavis Evelyn Egan|Fogg nee Egan, Mavis Evelyn or Evelene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-1JK] - 1900(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Stanley (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver (YL) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanley, 1928); home duties (Wynyard, 1936-1943; Smithton, 1949; Sale, Vic, 1954; Cohuna, 1963; Devonport, 1972)

===''EGGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Percy Eggleton|Eggleton, Eric Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSTZ-5G9] - 1903(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DA Receive Toowoomba (1923-1924); 4DA Toowoomba (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 81, 1925, No. 9 in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (QATB) - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Toowoomba, 1925-1926); ambulance bearer (Toowoomba, 1931); ambulance superintendent (Dayboro, 1936-1943; Charleville, 1949-1958; Stanthorpe, 1963); retired (Caloundra, 1968-1977)

===''ELDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Mackenzie Elder|Elder, James Alexander Mackenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97W3-7FL] - 1869(Sct)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Awards: KBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Essendon, 1905); merchant (Moonee Ponds, 1908-1909); director (South Yarra, Vic, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/elder-sir-james-alexander-6099 ADB]
===''ELLERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lewis John Ellery|Ellery, Robert Lewis John]] - 1827(Eng)-1908(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Vic Government Astronomer
===''ELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Neville Elliott|Elliott, Robert Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-PPJ] - 1907(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DW Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); company manager (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954-1963); accountant (Brisbane, Qld, 1968); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1972); accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Ronald Donovan Elliott|Elliott, Ronald Donovan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G799-LTX] - 1910(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5RD Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1931-1933; Da Costa Park, 1937; Kirkcaldy, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 758, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939; Westbourne Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Murray Browse Elliott|Elliott, Thomas Murray Browse &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W8-947] - 1899(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4CM Brisbane (City, 1946-1969); operator of Valentine's 4CM licence 1925-1939 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 72, 1925, No. 6 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; early television experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Fortitude Valley, 1921); salesman (Brisbane City, 1925-1931); sound engineer (Observatory, 1937-1943); company manager (City, 1949-1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968)

===''ELLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Austin Ellis|Ellis, Clive Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-9HT] - 1912(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3LZ Melbourne (Williamstown, 1930-1931; Caulfield, 1933-1939; Newport, 1946-1956; Moorabbin, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 598, 1930, No. ?? in Victoria - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1937; Newport, 1943-1954); valuer (Moorabbin, 1958-1972)
* [[/John Osborne Ellis|Ellis, John Osborne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTM-Q42] - 1910(Eng)-1999(SA) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 522, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kimba, 1939-1943)
===''ELSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Robert Elsbury|Elsbury (adopted) or Wilson Bowman (biological), Cyril Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMG-5CW] - 1897(Qld)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6JE Kalgoorlie (1934-1939); 6JE Fimiston (1947-1956); 6JE Nornalup (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1372, 1934, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1922); mine timekeeper (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1925-1943); assistant accountant (Fimiston, WA, 1949-1954); mine paymaster (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1958)

===''ELWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Gregory Elworthy|Elworthy, Colin Gregory &quot;Col&quot;]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''EMBLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Austin Embling|Embling, Stewart Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGH-YQM] - 1907(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925); 3DC Melbourne (Toorak, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 236, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toorak, 1931-1943); assurance officer (Toorak, 1949-1980)

===''EVANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Hubert Evans|Evans, Albert Henry Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH8N-BFX] - 1894(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: XVD Adelaide (Mile End, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 255, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:  assistant manager (Woollahra, 1949)
* [[/Griffith Benjamin Evans|Evans, Griffith Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-HL3] - 1877(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS - Electoral Rolls: naval telegraphist (Eden Vale, Vic, 1914-1915); telegraphist (Coburg, Vic, 1919); retired (Vaucluse, NSW, 1954-1963)
* [[/Percy Evans|Evans, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84B-DKL] - 1894(Eng)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 2OW Sydney (Kensington, 1928-1929; Randwick, 1930-1931); 3OZ Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1947-1948; Boronia, 1948; North Ringwood, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 458, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Kensington, 1930); salesman (Randwick, 1930-1931); sales manager (Camberwell, 1933-1937; Glen Iris, 1949); manager (Ringwood, 1954-1972)
* [[/R. Evans|Evans, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SP Sydney (Clovelly, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 265, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Thomas Evan Evans|Evans, Thomas Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ7-S1L] - 1904(NZ)-1942(At Sea) - 3EV Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1927), 9EV Rabaul (1933+), amateur operator (AOCP 160, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, medical assistant, technical assistant, Civilian POW captured at Rabaul, died on board the &quot;Montevideo Maru&quot; when it was torpedoed and sunk en route from Rabaul to Hainan, where Thomas was destined for forced labour.
* [[/Trevor Elliott Evans|Evans, Trevor Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-GRC] - 1903(Vic)-1979(Vic) - 3KD Receive Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1922-1924), 3RK Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1925-1933; Pascoe Vale, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 159, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (East Brunswick, 1931), contractor (Pascoe Vale, 1972)
* [[/Trevor Frederick Evans|Evans, Trevor Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L292-N4L] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - 2NS Blayney (1925-1929), 2NS Bathurst (1930-1939, 1946-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 113, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (BOCP 19, 1936) (2BS)

===''EVERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Every|Every, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDSS-VT4] - 1894(Eng)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 7GE Hobart (1931); 3GE Queenscliff (1937-1939); 3GE Balcombe (1947-1948); 3GE Carrum (1954-1956); 3GE Bonbeach (1960-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military instructor; WW1 (UK) - Electoral Rolls: silver mounter (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1919); soldier (Launceston, 1922; Hobart South, 1922); military instructor (Hobart South, 1928); soldier (Queenscliff, Vic, 1935-1937); military officer (Albury, NSW, 1943; Victoria Park, Qld, 1949); clerk (Frankston, 1949); accountant (Carrum, 1954)

===''EWING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Thomson Ewing|Ewing, Thomas Thomson]] - 1856(NSW)-1920(NSW) - state politician (NSW MLA), federal politician (MHR, acting Postmaster-General)

===''EXTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Walter Exton|Exton, George Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QY-5XH] - 1882(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 2CZ Lismore (1922-1930) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast proprietor and engineer (2XN Lismore) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lismore, NSW, 1930-1963); retired (Saddlers Crossing, Qld)

=='''F'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''FABER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Thomas Faber|Faber, William John Thomas &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1976(Qld) - 4WF Ayr (-1938+), Brisbane (Kedron, -1948-1949+) , amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''FAGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Reginald Joseph Fagan|Fagan, William Reginald Joseph &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLF3-QPM] - 1883(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: 2RJ Receive Mandurama (1922); 2RJ Mandurama (1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio station (director, 2SM) - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Mandurama, 1913-1943)

===''FAIRHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Fairhall|Fairhall, Allen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZB3-PKT] – 1909(NSW)-2006(NSW) – Licences: 2KB Newcastle (Hamilton, 1928–1929; New Lambton, 1930–1931; Cooks Hill, 1933–1934; City, 1935; Cooks Hill, 1937; City, 1938–1939; Hamilton, 1946–1961; City, 1965-1980+); 2AKL Paterson (1948–1958) – Qualifications: AOCP 391, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 23, 1930 – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, proprietor 2KO Newcastle, WW2 – Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Lambton, 1931–1932); manager (Newcastle, 1933–1949); primary producer (Trevallyn, 1954); M.H.R. (Newcastle, 1958); member of parliament (Newcastle, 1963–1968); manager (Newcastle, 1972–1980) - [[w:Allen Fairhall|Wikipedia]]

===''FALCONER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Illman Falconer|Falconer, Charles Illman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZK9-PJ6] – 1885(Vic)-1962(NSW) – Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923–1924), 3CF Melbourne (East Malvern, 1925–1926; Canterbury, 1927; Surrey Hills, 1931–1939, 1946–1954), 2AUF Terrigal (1955–1961), amateur operator (AOCP 204, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Clifton Hill, 1909), mechanic (Fitzroy, 1914), engineer (Canterbury, 1915–1949), retired (Terrigal, 1958–1963)
===''FALLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyle Clifford Falls|Falls, Lyle Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLC-1VR] - 1899(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Caulfield, 1924-1925); instructor (Kew, 1926-1943)

===''FANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred – see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred (Fanning)
===''FANSHAWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Fanshawe, Arthur Dalrymple]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM7D-QY6] – 1847(Eng)-1936(Eng) – Admiral of UK Fleet, Commander-in-Chief Australia Station – Links: [[w:Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Wikipedia]]
===''FARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell George Farmer|Farmer, Maxwell George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG1-SHR] - 1916(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5GF Adelaide (Knoxville, 1933-1939; North Norwood, 1947-1948; Adelaide City, 1954-1956; Plympton, 1960-1980+); 5GY Portable Adelaide (Knoxville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1217, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FARRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Howard Farrell|Farrell, John Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-CJT] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4WJ Brisbane Windsor, 1933-1939; Chermside, 1946-1948); 4WJ Quilpie (1954-1960); 4WJ Somerset Dam (1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1103, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Windsor, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Chermside, 1943-1949; Quilpie, 1954-1958); superintendent (Somerset Dam, 1963-1972)

===''FAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Harold Faul|Faul, Albert Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTD-S74] – 1907(NSW)-1979(NSW) – Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923–1924); 3AH Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926–1927) – Qualifications: AOCP 288, 1926, No. ?? in Vic – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster – Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1931–1934); lecturer (Camberwell, 1936); engineer (Bellevue Hill, 1936–1937; Camberwell, 1943); company director (Killara, 1949–1977)
===''FAULKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Wollas Faulks|Faulks, Richard Wollas &quot;Wol&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCD3-BQ3] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2WF Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1931; Hurlstone Park, 1933; Canterbury, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 557, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Ashfield, 1930; Canterbury, 1933-1977)

===''FAWKNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Pascoe Robert Fawkner|Fawkner, Ernest Pascoe Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYB-YKW] - 1901(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: manager (Kings Meadows, 1928); furniture manufacturer (South Launceston, 1936)

===''FEENAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Leo Michael John Feenaghty|Feenaghty, Leo Michael John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYG2-RMT] - 1900(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4LJ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 291, 1926, No. 28 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator; state public servant - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, 1925-1931); assistant secretary (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); public servant (Highgate Hill, 1963); retired (Isle of Capri, 1972-1980)
===''FELDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Feldman|Feldman, John Frederick Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNZ-5DH] - 1905(Vic)-1987(Vic) - 3QH Receive Geelong (South Geelong, 1923-1924), 3QH Geelong (South Geelong, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 140, 1925, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, bricklayer
===''FELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Frederick Fell|Fell, Evan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH4-FTW] - 1914(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1932-1939); 4EF Barcaldine (1946-1948); 4EF Mackay (1954-1955); 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1956; Bardon, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 978, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 175, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (inspector); property developer - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashgrove, Qld, 1936-1943); engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949; Mackay, Qld, 1954); public servant (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977)

===''FELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. C. Fells|Fells, L. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FELTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Felton|Felton, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M5-C2J] - 1897(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2RF Sydney (Petersham, 1927-1929; Belmore, 1930-1939, 1946-1956); 2RT Sydney (Kogarah, 1937) - Qualifications: AOCP 366, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Belmore, 1930-1934); engineer (Belmore, 1936-1937); soldier (Belmore, 1943); radio technician (Belmore, 1949-1954)
===''FERGUSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Angus Ferguson|Ferguson, Colin Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DH-9KM] - 1917(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5CJ Mt Gambier (1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1994, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Cyril E. Ferguson|Ferguson, Cyril E.]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 2, 1914, No. 2 in Aus) - coastal station operator?

===''FERRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Walter Cecil Ferrall|Ferrall, Edgar Walter Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMF-G97] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Launceston, 1919-1949); inspector (Kingston Beach, 1954)
===''FERRICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Bernard Ferricks|Ferricks, Michael Bernard &quot;Bernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58X-S4X] - 1914(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4UW Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1471, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); chemist (Northgate, Qld, 1949-1977); retired (Cairns, Qld, 1980)

===''FIEDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Victor Fiedler|Fiedler, Leslie Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHNW-3JZ] - 1906(SA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 5SL Adelaide (Woodville, 1927-1933), 5SL Moonta (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 353, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Henley, 1939-1943); theatre manager (Belmont, 1949); film exhibitor (Mt Lawley, 1958); company director (Mt Lawley, 1963-1968)

===''FIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph William Field|Field, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-Q5T] - 1915(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939; Ormond, 1946-1948); 3LJ Melbourne (Ormond, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 599, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Caulfield, 1937); machinist (Bentleigh, 1942-1977)

===''FILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Crawford Files|Files, Jack Crawford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-JWJ] - 1907(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4JF Brisbane (Buranda, 1932-1935; Coorparoo, 1936-1939; Buranda 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, QSL manager); journalist (Teleradio, WIA Notes); accountant - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1931-1934; Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943-1963)
===''FILMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Le Roy Drowley Filmer|Filmer, Le Roy Drowley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNF-2Z7] - 1902(NSW)-1976(NSW) - 2FT Newcastle (Toronto, 1925-1930; Hamilton South, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 148, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, metallurgist

===''FINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Edward Finch|Finch, Alan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6M4-987] - 1915(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 7CJ Launceston (Mowbray Heights, 1935-1939); 7CJ Hobart (New Town, 1946-1954); 7CJ Kelso (1955-1956); 3AEO Shepparton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1575, 191935, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (St Leonards, 1936-1937); mechanic (New Town, 1943-1954); public servant (Radio Australia, Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1968); technician (Shepparton, 1972)
===''FINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Warren Finn|Finn, Leonard Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2K-4P6] - 1914(SA)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5SP Adelaide (Seaton Park, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1671, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Seaton Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Finney|Finney, William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-W2H] - 1881(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AU Brisbane (Red Hill, 1923-1925); 4WF Brisbane (Red Hill, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 845, 1925; 2COCP 307, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Red Hill, 1903-1905); telegraphist (New Farm, 1908; Newmarket, 1909; Red Hill, 1913-1937; East Nundah, 1949; Wooloowin, 1954)

===''FISHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Hugh Fisher|Fisher, Douglas Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD15-N13] - 1913(Vic)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7AB Launceston (1934-1939); 7AB Burnie (1946-1948); 7AB Devonport (1954-1955); 7AB Lenah Valley (1956); 7AB Zeehan (1960); 7AB Oatlands (1965-1969; 7AB Claremont (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1373, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 7ZEE Neville Grant Fisher - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1936); bank clerk (Launceston, 1937; Burnie, 1943-1949; Devonport, 1954)
===''FISK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Thomas Fisk|Fisk, Ernest Thomas]] - 1886(Eng)-1965(NSW), 2EF Sydney (Lindfield, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur radio operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), broadcast and radiocommunications business proprietor (AWA), operated prior to 1933 under various AWA callsigns, 2MC in 1928 was licensed to his residence at Vaucluse - Links:  [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fisk-sir-ernest-thomas-6177 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198906.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198907.pdf EA2]

===''FITCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campbell Fitchett|Fitchett, John Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-K7W] - 1900(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Licences: XJDM Melbourne (Balwyn, 1913-1914); 3BL Melbourne (Balwyn, 1922-1925; Brighton, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 609, 1921 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Brighton, 1928-1937) - TroveTag: &quot;XJDM-3BL - John Campbell Fitchett&quot;
===''FITTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Stephen Luther Fittell|Fittell, Stephen Luther &quot;Steve&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCN9-KRT] - 1910(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JO Gympie (1929-1939); 4YF Gympie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 487, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 280, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; member radio club (WIAQ, Gympie ARC); commercial broadcaster (4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio specialist (Gympie, 1937); radio dealer (Gympie, 1943-1980)

===''FITZALAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Albini Lawrence Fitzalan|Fitzalan, Herbert Albini Lawrence &quot;Hal&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1951(Qld) - 4HF Brisbane?, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, Halcyon (not mentioned)
===''FITZGERALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Francis Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Eric Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84F-Z7H] - 1907(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2EA Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1928-1929; Burwood, 1930-1931; Pagewood, 1931; Abbotsford, 1931; Bellevue Hill, 1933-1937; Waverley, 1938-1939); 2AAO Sydney (Chatswood, 1950-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 467, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woolahra, 1930-1931); salesman (Coogee, 1937); clerk (Chatswood, 1943-1977)
* [[/Patrick Michael Anthony Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Patrick Michael Anthony &quot;Pat&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G33Q-6K9] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PF Rockhampton (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1802, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1930); public servant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1968); clerk (Corinda, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Emu Park, Qld, 1980)
===''FITZGIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard John Fitzgibbons|Fitzgibbons, Richard John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-QPG] - 1893(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4DV Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fitter (Maryborough, Qld, 1916-1919); engine fitter (Ascot, Qld, 1921-1968)

===''FITZMAURICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Simcoe Fitzmaurice|Fitzmaurice, James Simcoe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-KCF] - 1861(Vic)-1934(SA) - Licences: XYB Perth (1913-1914); 5FT Adelaide (North Walkerville, 1923-1933) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (State Engineer, WA &amp; SA); MIEE, AMIEE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1914-1916)

===''FLAHERTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Thomas Holm Flaherty|Flaherty, Gordon Thomas Holm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Q2-C9T] - 1900(Vic)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CB Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: postman (South Brisbane, 1922); telephone mechanic (Buranda, 1925; Coorparoo, 1928); mechanic (Camp Hill, 1936; Beaudesert, 1937-1943); technician (Camp Hill, 1949-1963)
===''FLETCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Fletcher|Fletcher, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKQ-2QR] - 1891(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 128, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Roebourne, 1913); radio operator (Esperance, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Roebourne, 1917-1918); telegraphist (Oakleigh, 1921)
===''FLOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Flood|Flood, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BF-HPG] - 1883(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 238, 1916; 2COCP 415, 1932; 1COCP 348, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIL Flinders Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Emita, Flinders Island, Tas, 1914-1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1925; Meeandah, Qld, 1928; Eagle Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Cooktown, Qld, 1943); retired (Cairns, 1954-1958; Eventide Home, Charters Towers, 1963)

===''FOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Lillico Fogg|Fogg, Hugh Lillico]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-KRZ] - 1900(Tas)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6HF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1939); 5HF Mt Barker (1947-1948); 3AHF Benalla (1954-1960); 6HF Perth (Inglewood, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 787, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Perth, WA, 1931); clerk (Maylands, WA, 1936); bank officer (Maylands, WA, 1943); manager (ANZ Bank, Benalla, Vic, 1954); retired (Inglewood, WA, 1963-1972)

===''FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry James Bartholomew Foley|Foley, Henry James Bartholomew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QZ-5SV] - 1886(NSW)-1954(NSW) - Licences: Sydney (Randwick, 1911) - Qualifications: pre AOCP - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1913); merchant (Drummoyne, 1930-1954)

===''FOLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Ulrich Francis Folie|Folie, Max Ulrich Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-Y7F] - 1909(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3WZ Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1933); 3GZ Mildura (1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 682, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Auburn, 1931); radio engineer (Mildura, 1934-1968)

===''FONTAINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Alfred Fontaine|Fontaine, Louis Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMDQ-L2V] - 1894(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT, 1914, No. 3 in Aus and Vic - RANRS; coastal wireless operator (VIG, Port Moresby, 1915-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Wyndham, 1918; Geraldton, 1922; Thursday Island, 1934-1936); telegraphist (St Kilda, 1937); radio telegraphist (Malvern, 1942); electrician (Camberwell, 1949)

===''FOOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Foot|Foot, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BT-FVF] - 1878(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 36, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (South Yarra, 1915; St Kilda, 1916-1917); RAN (Balaclava, 1919); tobacconist (Sandringham, 1925); manager (Prahran, 1937); clerk (St Kilda, 1942); retired (Dandenong, 1949-1954)

===''FORECAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Mark Llewllyn Forecast|Forecast, Arthur Mark Llewllyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HPS-H18] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1931; St Kilda, 1933; Caulfield, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; The Basin, 1954-1975; Ferntree Gully, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 279, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 141, 1934; BOCP 156, 1938; 1COCP 245, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Malvern, 1925-1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1931-1934); biograph operator (Caulfield East, 1937-1942; Glenhuntley, 1949); projectionist (The Basin, 1963-1972); retired (Ferntree Gully, 1977; Knoxfield, 1980)
===''FOREMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Graham Foreman|Foreman, Edgar Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD95-36X] - 1908(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4GF Ayr (1935-1939); 4GF Townsville (North Ward, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1577, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanton Hill, Qld, 1930); salesman (Ayr, Qld, 1934-1937); procurement specialist (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1954-1968); proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''FORREST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Forrest|Forrest, John]] - 1847(WA)-1918(???) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1901, 17 days)
===''FORSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Joseph Forshaw|Forshaw, Charles Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-783] - 1895(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: XJDA Melbourne (Elwood, 1913-1914); V736 Receive Hamilton (1922); 3GQ Receive Hamilton (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identifed - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Myrtleford, 1917); clerk (Oakleigh, 1924-1937; Gardiner, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949; Glenhuntly, 1954)
===''FORSYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Arthur Forsyth|Forsyth, Royce Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1R-3S5] - 1917(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1637, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Launceston, 1943); teacher (Hobart North, 1944); schoolteacher (Bellerive, 1949-1972)
===''FORSYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Edgar Forsythe|Forsythe, Leonard Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBY-MTR] - 1894(NSW)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 2BF Receive Sydney (Northbridge, 1922); 2BF Sydney (Northbridge, 1922-1929; Drummoyne, 1930-1933; Snapper Island, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 40, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: flagmaker (Northbridge, 1930-1949); department manager (Drummoyne, 1958); ship's chandler (Drummoyne, 1963-1980)
===''FORTESCUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fortescue|Fortescue, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD8X-GQ7] - 1893(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Toowoomba (1922-1924); 4CF Toowoomba (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (CMF, Colonel); WW2; jeweller - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Toowoomba, 1913-1958); nil (Toowoomba, 1963-1968)

===''FOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Foster|Foster, Ernest John &quot;Ernie&quot;]] - 1914(Qld)-1967(Qld) - 4BY Brisbane, amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), broadcast engineer (4MB, 4BU), military (WW2, RAAF)
* [[/James Foster|Foster, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2Z-27G] - 1915(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5TX Adelaide (North Kensington, 1933-1939); 5LU Adelaide (Dulwich, 1947-1948; Oaklands, 1954-1965; Marion, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1140, 1933, SA; 1COCP 1046, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Frewville, SA, 1943)

===''FOURRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Fourro|Fourro, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4D1-YRR] - 1906(NSW)-1978(ACT) - Licences: 2VF Corowa (1930-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 703, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 165, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Narrandera, 1930); telephone mechanic (Corowa, 1931-1935); wireless mechanic (Corowa, 1936); mechanic (Brighton-le-Sands, 1937); foreman mechanic (2CY Canberra, 1943-1954); supervising technician (2BA Bega, 1958-1963); technician (Merimbula, 1968-1972)

===''FOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Malcolm Fowles|Fowles, Gordon Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H2-RC9] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1931); 3AMF Melbourne (Wheeler's Hill, 1948-1960; Avonsleigh, 1965-1969); 3AMF Cowes (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 490, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Albert Park, 1943; Hamilton, 1949); farmer (Avonsleigh, 1968); retired (Cowes, 1972)

===''FOX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Fox|Fox, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BY-J5Z] - 1886(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 106, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Comment: several contemporaneous WG Fox; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''FRAME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vivian Horace Frame|Frame, Vivian Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ1-4QT] - 1899(Qld)-1959(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Mareeba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman ( Brisbane City, Qld); public works officer (Mareeba, Qld, 1922); architect (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925-1928; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1937; Virginia, Qld, 1949-1954; Norman Park, Qld, 1958)

===''FRANK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kendall Thomas Frank|Frank, Kendall Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-TGZ] - 1904(WA)-1951(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 921, 1926; 2COCP 289, 1930; 1COCP 64, 1935 - ship wireless operator (AWA), coastal wireless operator, amateur operator?, broadcast engineer (4PM) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Lakemba, 1943) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/frank-kendall-thomas-10236 ADB]

===''FRANZI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Franzi|Franzi, William Ronald &quot;Bill&quot; (formerly Emilio Stefan)]] - 1909(Italy)-19??(SA) - 4FR Atherton (1938-1939), 5FR Adelaide (Da Costa Park, 1946-1965; Glenelg East, 1969-1975), 5VK American Beach (1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 2192, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (IREE), military (RAAF), employment (radio technician)
===''FRASER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Douglas Fraser|Fraser, James Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NS-MQ3] - 1900(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2JF Quirindi (1930-1935) - Qualifications: AOCP 637, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quirindi, 1930-1943); engineer (Picton, 1949-1954)
* [[/H. Fraser|Fraser, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2JC Tamworth (1924-1925), amateur operator (no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Henry George Fraser|Fraser, Henry George]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 1001, 1932, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, at least two HGF engineers
===''FRAZER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Frazer|Frazer, Charles Edward &quot;Charlie&quot;]] - 1880(Vic)-1913(Vic) - politician (Postmaster-General, 1911-1913)

===''FREEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Freeman|Freeman, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZL-4F7] - 19??(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Sydney (Burwood, 1929-1939; Ashfield, 1946-1958; Cheltenham, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 544, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: packer (Newtown, 1930-1931; East Sydney, 1933-1935); engineer (Burwood, 1936-1937; Ashfield, 1943-1958; Cheltenham, 1963-1968) - individual not fully identified
* [[/L. Freeman|Freeman, L.]] - 18??-19?? - Licences: XQB Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FREESTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Roy Freestone|Freestone, Leslie Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-NB5] - 1896(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LF Ballarat (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Ballarat, 1916-1920); commercial traveller (Ballarat, 1921-1936); traveller (Brighton, 1937-1954); nil (Geelong, 1977-1980)
===''FRETTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/O'Della Paul Fretten|Fretten, O'Della Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-BQH] - 1894(Eng)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 2RU Sydney (Concord, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 460, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930; Strathfield, 1933); foreman (Lane Cove, 1936-1937); public servant (St Kilda, 1943); cafe proprietor (Melbourne, 1949); sales manager (St Kilda, 1963); instructor (Brighton, 1967-1968); retired (Malvern East, 1972; Fitzroy North, 1977)
===''FREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Samuel Vernon Frew|Frew, Geoffrey Samuel Vernon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87N-ZC1] - 1909(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3PM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PL Melbourne (Brighton, 1960); 3JK Melbourne (Brighton, 1969); 3PM Melbourne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 402, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 66, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1933); manager (Brighton, 1936-1937); engineer (Footscray, 1943; Brighton, 1949-1980)

===''FRIAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Owen Friar|Friar, Archibald Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4LQ-LGV] - 1905(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2AO Ulmarra (1929-1931); 2AO Grafton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 504, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Ulmarra, 1930-1937); garage proprietor (South Grafton, 1943-1963)

===''FROGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard James Frogley|Frogley, Gerard James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7K7-JNM] - 1902(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Richmond, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 240, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (East Melbourne, 1924); battery mechanic (Richmond, 1925-1931)

===''FRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Turner Fry|Fry, Alfred Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRX-2SL] - 1881(NSW)-1928(Vic) - Licences: 7BG Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: metallurgist (Ballarat, 1917; Queenstown, Tas, 1919-1922; Sandringham, 1924-1927)
* [[/Reginald Hall Fry|Fry, Reginald Hall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-9WN] - 1891(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2KC Sydney (Croydon, 1922-1929; Killara, 1930-1933); 2KC Parkes (1934); 2KC Goulburn (1935-1936); 2KC Wollongong (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 86, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Gordon, 1930; Killara, 1933; Goulburn, 1935-1936; Wollongong, 1937; Killara, 1943-1968); engineer (Killara, 1972)
===''FRYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Norman Fryer|Fryer, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KH-TZ8] - 1906(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KF Sydney (Suspension Bridge, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: AOCP 332, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1934; North Sydney, 1936; Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''FULCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Fulcher|Fulcher, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, (Halcyon, P. 4)

===''FYSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHNP-534] - 1835(Eng)-1919(Tas) - state politician (MLC Tas, 1860s through 1890s; MHA Tas 1870s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1903-1904) - Relationships: grandfather of 7PF Philip Oakley Fysh
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YS-4ZR] - 1897(Tas)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7PF Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 128, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Launceston Radio Experimenters' Club, WIA Launceston); WW2 - Relationships: grandson of Philip Oakley Fysh, federal Postmaster-General 1903-1904 - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Launceston, 1922-1954)

=='''G'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''GABBERTAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Gabbertas|Gabbertas, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF9C-2W7] - 1915(Eng)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6GB Perth (Maylands, 1936-1939; Mt Hawthorn, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1810, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); mechanic (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1980)

===''GADSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Wilkinson Gadsden|Gadsden, Stanley Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM38-WZ2] - 1887(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3SW Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 26, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic, Chief of Council, 1926); placed 2nd in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Kew, 1908-1915); manufacturer (Kew, 1917-1954)

===''GALLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Galle|Galle, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-KXN] - 1912(SA)-2008(SA)96yo - Licences: 5QR Adelaide (Prospect, 1931-1939, 1947-1948; Enfield, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 834, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Jabuk, SA, 1939-1941); schoolteacher (Tailem Bend, SA, 1943)

===''GAMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ray Gamble|Gamble, William Ray &quot;Ray&quot;]] - 1928(NSW)-2011(NSW) - broadcast engineer (BOCP 961, 1948), station manager, radio network principal [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/vale-ray-gamble Radio Info]

===''GAMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Gamon|Gamon, George Arthur]] - 1900(Vic)-1977(???) - 3GG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1925-1926; Middle Park, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 89, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''GARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Garing|Garing, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WV-2YG] - 1910(Vic)-2004(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 431, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: cadet (Point Cook, 1931-1934); airman (Point Cook, 1937); RAAF officer (Townsville, 1943; Point Cook, Vic, 1958; Williamtown, NSW, 1958); executive director (Turramurra, 1968); director (Turramurra, 1980)
===''GARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Raymond Garner|Garner, Alan Raymond]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician! (Frankston, 1963-1980)
===''GARNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Garnett|Garnett, Brian]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4AHN Currimundi, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld),
===''GARRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Randolph Garran|Garran, Richard Randolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K822-L54] - 1903(Vic)-1991(ACT) - Licences: 3AW Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1924-1925); manager (Semaphore, SA, 1941; Caulfield, Vic, 1954-1980)
===''GARRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Benjamin Walter Garrett|Garrett, Horace Benjamin Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7PD-9SV] - 1906(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3JI Melbourne (Box Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Box Hill, 1928-1934); radio mechanic (Box Hill, 1936); salesman (Box Hill, 1943-1977)
===''GARTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Garth|Garth, Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DX-47Z] - 1903(Eng)-1959(Tas) - Licences: 2VZ Sydney (Coogee, 1930; Clovelly, 1931-1933; Bankstown, 1934-1936); 4VZ Mackay (1937-1939); 3SF Melbourne (Preston, 1948; Seaford, 1954); 7RG Trevallyn, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 584, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clovelly, NSW, 1930-1933); mechanic (Bankstown, NSW, 1934-1936); electrician (Slade Point, Qld, 1937-1943; Beaconsfield, Tas, 1958)

===''GAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Holman Gay|Gay, Augustus Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PF-938] - 1902(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3SM Warragul (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Warragul, 1927-1934); engineer (South Yarra, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Kew, 1963-1980)
* [[/Vivian James Gay|Gay, Vivian James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYT8-VJJ] - 1908(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 2VI Sydney (Chatswood, 1935-1939; North Sydney, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965); 2VI Burradoo (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1510, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: printer (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943); master printer (Lane Cove, 1949-1968); printer (Artarmon, 1972); retired (Burradoo, 1977-1980)

===''GEAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Vivian Geake|Geake, Wilfred Vivian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTF-H1J] - 1893(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5BR Receive Kooringa (1922); 5BR Receive (Murray Bridge, 1923); Receive Murray Bridge (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hillside, SA, 1939)

===''GEDDES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Albert Geddes|Geddes, Frank Albert]] - 1901(NSW)-1922(NSW) - 2GC Sydney (Waverley, 1922, receive only), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), radio clubs (Waverley Radio Club), due to age licence held in name of father Francis G Geddes

===''GEEVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Leslie Geeves|Geeves, Philip Leslie &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88C-Y8Y] - 1917(NSW)-1983(NSW) - radio broadcaster (VK2ME, 2CH, ABC); employment (AWA, 1937-1970s); journalist (SMH); historian (AWA, broadcasting); awards (OAM, 1980) - Electoral Rolls: radio executive (Bexley, 1949-1963); executive (Hurstville South, 1972-1980)
===''GEISEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK7-NJ4] - 1921(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5YL Murray Bridge (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1788, 1936, SA; 2COCP 448, 1941; 1COCP 544, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''GEORGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Heinrich Alfred August George|George, Heinrich Alfred August &quot;Henry&quot;, &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G387-XZ4] - 1899(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3ZP Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1919-1963)
===''GEORGESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Georgeson|Georgeson, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS1-17Q] - 1897(Eng)-1976(Taiwan) - Licences: 5JD Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1938); 2AKU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1939; Granville, 1946-1947; Artarmon, 1948-1954; Lane Cove (1955); Artarmon (1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1783, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, NSW, 1943); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1963-1968); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1972)

===''GERAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/James Anselm Geraghty|Geraghty, James Anselm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVD-VY9] - 1877(???)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CS Receive Townsville (1923); 4CS Townsville (1923-1924); 4CS Brisbane (Nudgee, 1924); 4CS Gympie (1924); 4CS Townsville (1925); 4CS Gympie (1925-1927); 2JG Wagga Wagga (1929); 7CB Launceston (1931); 4CB Brisbane (Nudgee, 1933); 4AC Bundaberg (1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 186, 1925, No. 17 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion and teacher (Christian Brothers) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Ballarat, 1906; Gympie, 1909-1913; Dunedin, 1914-1916; South Brisbane, 1919-1925; Tamworth, 1930; Bundaberg, 1934; Ipswich, 1943; Albion, 1949; Gympie, 1954); retired (Boondall, 1958-1968)

===''GIBBON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Foster Gibbon|Gibbon, Thomas Foster]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G857-MWS] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XJAV Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914); Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Kew, 1923); 3XZ Melbourne (Kew, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Kew, 1919-1925); electrical engineer (Kew, 1928-1954); engineer (Kew, 1963)

===''GIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gibbons|Gibbons, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XB-YRJ] - 1907(Wales)-19??(???) - Licences: 2FG Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 255, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Neutral Bay, 1930); clerk (Gordon, 1954-1968); director (Turramurra, 1972-1977)

===''GIBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. G. Gibson|Gibson, E. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Ormiston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
*[[/Edgar McLean Gibson|Gibson, Edgar McLean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-SM5] - 1877(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1925), possibly held on behalf of son Leighton - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs - Relationships: father of 4AN William Leighton Gibson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Toowoomba, 1908-1917; Greenslopes, 1922); engineer (Manly, 1936-1937; Hawthorne, 1943-1968)
*[[/George Holland Gibson|Gibson, George Holland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MXPG-HB4] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: XQG Brisbane (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Fortitude Valley, 1915-1917); mechanic (Newmarket, 1919-1928; New Farm, 1937-1943); telephone technician (Bulimba, 1954-1977)
* [[/Richard Leslie Gibson|Gibson, Richard Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9QNS-G8V] - 1900(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2GH Alstonville (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 578, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Alstonville, 1930-1949); retired (Alstonville, 1963-1968; Ballina, 1972)
* [[/William Gerrand Gibson|Gibson, William Gerrand]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWJY-5G9] - 1869(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Politician, Federal Postmaster-General 1923-1929 [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/gibson-william-gerrand-6313 ADB]
*[[/William Leighton Gibson|Gibson, William Leighton &quot;Leighton&quot; &amp; &quot;Gibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-Q7S] - 1907(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 73, 1925, No. 7 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN &quot;Bananalander&quot;); wireless business employee (Phillips Radio) - Relationships: son of 4AN Edgar McLean Gibson - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Manly, Qld, 1936-1937; Camp Hill, Qld, 1943); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949); business executive (Balgowlah, NSW, 1958); regional representative (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GIDDINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hudson Giddings|Giddings or Whitney, Albert Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR4-PDP] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 5FI Adelaide (Nailsworth, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1556, 1935, SA; 1COCP 102, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant, Signals) - Electoral Rolls: PMG employee (Sale, Vic, 1968); technician (Elwood, Vic, 1972); clerk (Hughs, ACT, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/612780 VWMA]
* [[/Albert William James Giddings|Giddings, Albert William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9711-NG3] - 1909(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DG Stratford (1935-1939); 3DG Numurkah (1947-1948); 3DG Lancefield (1954-1969);  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1574, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster;; WW2 (RAAF, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Culgoa, Vic, 1931); bank clerk (Pakenham East, Vic, 1934); bank officer (Stratford, Vic, 1936-1937); warrant officer RAAF (Point Cook, Vic, 1942); bank official (Numurkah, Vic, 1949)

===''GILFILLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles Kent Gilfillan|Gilfillan, William Charles Kent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-93Q] - 1869(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2AM Receive Sydney (Greenwich, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: independent means (Manly, 1913); soldier (Manly, 1930-1935); no occupation (Redfern, 1937); manufacturer (Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''GILHOOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Forrest Gilhooley|Gilhooley, Joseph Aloysius Forrest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-L6N] - 1877(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2AH Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darlinghurst, 1903; Hunters Hill, 1930-1935); traveller (Hunters Hill, 1937-1949)

===''GILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Stewart Gill|Gill, Alan Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH6B-JQ4] - 1907(NSW)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 7AS Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 191, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist &amp; engineer (Electrolytic Zinc Co) - Electoral Rolls: research chemist (Hobart Central, 1928; Sandy Bay, 1936-1949); chemist (Hobart South, 1954)
* [[/Alfred Wyatt McKenzie Gill|Gill, Alfred Wyatt McKenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBP-B8D] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2TS Receive Sydney (Killara, 1923); 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Killara, 1933-1937; Wahroonga, 1949); soldier (Wahroonga, 1943); airline officer (Wahroonga, 1954-1958)
===''GILLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Rex Gregory Gillett|Gillett, Clarence Rex Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWJC-ZDW] - 1919(SA?)-2020(SA) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (All Wave All World DX Club, Australian DX Radio Club (SA Branch), South Australian DX Radio Club, Australian Radio DX Club, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia, New Zealand Radio DX League) - substantial portion (100+) of QSL collection survives (SSD, NFSA)
===''GILLHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman William Gillham|Gillham, Norman William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTT-M8V] - 1906(Tas)-1994(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923-1924); 7NW Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 176, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 944, 1927 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sandy Bay, 1928); joiner (Queensborough, 1936-1937); builder (Nelson, 1943-1954)
===''GILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Clifford Gillon|Gillon, Peter Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD7M-X53] - 1895(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 99, 1915 - Coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls: operator (Bondi, 1934); radio telegraphist (Crow's Nest, NSW, 1936; Cooktown, Qld, 1937; Townsville, 1943); telegraphist (Kensington, NSW, 1949-1954; Cremorne, 1958); radio operator (Cremorne, 1963-1968)

===''GILMOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stanley Gilmour|Gilmour, Norman Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-PVG] - 1890(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2ZU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1930; Potts Point, 1931; City, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 28, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: director (Neutral Bay, 1930); business manager (Darlinghurst, 1931); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1937; Mosman, 1943-1958)

===''GINBEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Haldane Ginbey|Ginbey, Ian Haldane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-73N] - 1913(WA)-1962(WA) - Licences: 6IG Perth (Fremantle, 1938-1939; Bicton, 1947-1948; Attadale, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2084, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1936; Fremantle, WA, 1937; South Fremantle, WA, 1943); salesman (Melville, WA, 1958)

===''GINGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ubitt Victor Ginger|Ginger, Ubitt Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5P-G76] - 1891(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2LF Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923); 2LF Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1924; North Sydney, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; police officer - callsign 2LF to L. R. Filmer, Toronto from Sep 1925, Bracken from 1933 - Electoral Rolls: constable (Chatswood, 1930-1933); police constable (Marrickville, 1934); constable (Naremburn, 1936-1937)

===''GINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Ginn|Ginn, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZC-95C] - 1917(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Townsville (1936-1939; 1946-1948); 4GE Brisbane (Hendra, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1749, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, RAAF, AIF); employment (life insurance agent) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Townsville, Qld, 1943); shop assistant (Windsor, Qld, 1949); salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''GIVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. James M. Givens|Givens, L. James M. &quot;James&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LX-7WR] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3EP Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1923); 3EP Melbourne (Canterbury, 1924-1927); 3XY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 849, 1925; AOLCP 121, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (Canterbury, 1931-1937; Camberwell, 1943); photographer (Delbridge, 1954)

===''GLASSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Ronald John Glassop|Glassop, Ronald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBZX-P8N] - 1910(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 2RF Newcastle (City, 1934-1935; Blackhalls, 1936; Hamilton East, 1937); 4BG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 4BG Maryborough (1947-1969); 4BG North Tamborine (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1288, 1934, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; insurance assessor - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Newcastle, NSW, 1932-1935); clerk (Hamilton, NSW, 1937); insurance inspector (Clayfield, Qld, 1937); insurance secretary (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1968); retired (Miami, Qld, 1972; Mt Tamborine, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''GLOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Frederick Glover|Glover, Alexander Frederick or Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L246-XZ6] - 1925(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3AFG Sale (1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2705, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Sale, 1949); mechanic (Sale, 1954-1980)
* [[/Arthur James George Glover|Glover, Arthur James George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2MT8-CZ8] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1928-1931; Surrey Hills, 1933); 3AG Warrnambool (1937-1939); 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1946-1960; Camberwell, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 392, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 1129, 1928; 2COCP 153, 1930; 1COCP 29, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Box Hill, 1931); engineer (Box Hill, 1936); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1937); engineer (Canterbury, 1943; Box Hill, 1949-1954); automation engineer (Camberwell, 1963-1968); engineer (Camberwell, 1972-1977)
* [[/Maurice Glover|Glover, Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-25R] - 1912(Vic)-2003(Tas) - Licences: 7MG Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 7MG Swansea (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2129, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nelson, 1943); no occupation (Swansea, 1949; Nelson, 1954)
* [[/Maxwell Arthur Glover|Glover, Maxwell Arthur &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-58X] - 1902(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3GB Receive Melbourne (Auburn, 1922); 3GB Melbourne (Camberwell, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: No record of AOCP; 3COCP 671, 1948 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Camberwell, 1924-1934); wool buyer (Toorak, 1935-1936; South Yarra, 1937); director (Malvern, 1949-1980)
===''GLUSKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Gluskie|Gluskie, C. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GODDARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Endacott Goddard|Goddard, John Endacott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNBM-L27] - 1914(WA)-1943(Crete) - Licences: 6JG Perth (North Perth, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1427, 1935, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Fremantle, 1936) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links:  [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/goddard-john-endacott-406692/ Aviation Museum WA]; [https://anzac.site/greece/crete-operation-thesis-goddard/ Operation Thesis]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1703409 AWM Roll of Honour]

===''GOFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Goford|Goford, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZH-W3H] - 1898(Eng)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4MI Mount Isa (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1675, 1936, Qld; BOCP 387, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Mt Isa, Qld, 1937); broadcasting technician (Goonellabah, NSW, 1943); DCA technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1954-1963)

===''GOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold|Gold, Clifford Henry Yarburgh or Yarborough &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19B-YYC] - 1906(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Brisbane (Hill End, 1926-1931); 4CG Toowoomba (1933-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 262, 1926, No. 21 in Qld; AOLCP 186, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (West End, 1928-1931); radio operator (Toowoomba, 1934); projectionist (Toowoomba, 1936-1963); radio technician (Balmoral, 1968-1977) - Relationships: nephew of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; also Doug &amp; Geoff
* [[/Douglas Edward Gold|Gold, Douglas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RL-XQB] - 1917(NSW)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 254, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Toowoomba, 1943-1949); assistant manager (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)
* [[/Edward Edwin Gold|Gold, Edward Edwin &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L13Q-WZV] - 1894(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Toowoomba (1924-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 7, 1924, No. 1 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; awarded Class B licence for 4GR Toowoomba; commercial broadcast station proprietor (4GR); Relationships: father of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; uncle of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowoomba, 1925-1958)
* [[/Geoffrey Kilvington Gold|Gold, Geoffrey Kilvington]] - 1943(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 2210, 1963; AOLCP 1608, 1964 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Douglas Edward Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio broadcaster (Annerley, 1968)
===''GOLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick John Golden|Golden, Patrick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSFG-R49] - 1893(Ire)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4PG Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely UK) - ship wireless operator; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Wynnum Heights, 1928-1931); radio dealer (Clayfield, 1936-1937); radio operator (Flying boat base, Karumba, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''GOLDSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Herbert Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Frank Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93SX-QL8] - 1895(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6FG Perth (Nedlands Park, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 377, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio journalist - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Perth, 1917); journalist (Bunbury, 1921-1922; Nedlands, 1925-1949; Roleystone, 1954-1958); retired (Rossmoyne, 1968-1972)
* [[/Gordon William Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWR-BKR] - 1914(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5HM Cowandilla (1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1629, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GOLDSWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Goldsworthy|Goldsworthy, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4D7-C24] - 1910(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (Valley, 1934-1939); 4WA Rockhampton (1947-1948)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1341, 1934, Qld; 2COCP 1112, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Valley, Qld, 1934-1943); aeradio operator (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)

===''GOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jasper Claude Golley|Golley, Jasper Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-S1F] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5JX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1937; Glengowrie, 1938-1939; Seacliff, 1948-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1522, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Glengowrie, SA, 1939-1941; Seacliff, SA, 1943)

===''GOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Good|Good, Edward Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMS7-P78] - 1864(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Glenrowan (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Taminick, 1903); traveller (Taminick, 1909-1930)

===''GOODE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Russell Goode|Goode, Arthur Russell]] - 1889(Vic)-1971(Vic) - XLK Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1913), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic),  PMGD (telegraphist, Central Office, Melbourne, 1903-1921), Listener-In (journalist; editor), author several books, grandfather of Michael Goode 3BDL
* [[/Michael Goode|Goode, Michael]] - 3ZYY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1969+), 3BDL Melbourne, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1968, No. ?? in Vic), historian (amateur radio, 5 metres), grandson of XLK Arthur Russell Goode

===''GORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Arthur Gorman|Gorman, Clarence Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLZ-X8H] - 1895(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: XCG Sydney (Oatley, 1913-1914); 2EC Receive Sydney (Arncliffe, 1922); 2EC Sydney (Arncliffe, 1923-1925); 2CG Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1929); designated operator 2UI Illawarra Radio Club (Kogarah, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 222, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: NSW winner 1923 Trans-Pacific Tests - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Rockdale, 1930-1931; Kogarah, 1932-1943; Hargrave Park, 1949; Villawood, 1954-1963)

===''GOSTELOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Victor Gostelow|Gostelow, Alfred Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVQ-PCX] - 1897(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: XABD Dorrigo (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Uralla, 1930-1936; Scone, 1937-1949; Terrigal, 1954-1968); retired (Terrigal, 1972)

===''GOTTING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Benjamin Gotting|Gotting, Herbert Edward Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLY-HLD] - 1889(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N760 Receive Braemar (1922); 2ID Receive Braemar (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Braemar, 1930); electrician (Mittagong, 1936-1937); engineer (Mittagong, 1949-1963)

===''GOVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Neville Govan|Govan, Walter Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XF-YDT] - 1905(Vic)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5WG Port Pirie (1934-1939); 5WG Crystal Brook (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1273, 1934, SA; BOCP 40, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lead burner (Port Pirie, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1943)

===''GOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Selwyn Harry James Gover|Gover, Selwyn Harry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-D2L] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Nundah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 789, 1923; 2COCP 43, 1929; 1COCP 249, 1939 - amateur receiver; ship wireless officer - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Annerley, Qld, 1925); marine radio officer (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1968)

===''GOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gelston Stewart Gow|Gow, Gelston Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7HP-61D] - 1895(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: XBW Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2GG Sydney (City, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 411, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1930); electrician (Darlinghurst, 1933-1943); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1954-1972)

===''GOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Nelson James Gowlett|Gowlett, Frank Nelson James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G619-PYV] - 1891(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 163, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Townsville, 1925); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1930-1931); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1934-1937; Cooktown, 1943-1949; Maroubra, 1949); radio officer (Maroubra, 1958-1963)

===''GOYDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil William Goyder|Goyder, Cecil William]] - about 1906(Eng)-1980(NJ, USA) - G2SZ England, amateur operator [http://www.clement-jones.com/ps03/ps03_313.html]

===''GRAHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Ernest Graham|Graham, Donald Ernest &quot;Don&quot;]] - 1933(WA)-2012(WA) - 6HK Perth (Mount Hawthorn, 1954-1956; Wembley Downs, 1960-1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 3162, 1951, No. ?? in WA) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), DoC / DoTaC (WA State Broadcasting Engineer) - a good life, well lived [https://stephbg.livejournal.com/669733.html]
* [[/James Alexander Graham|Graham, James Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G979-6RF] - 1905(Sct)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4JQ Brisbane (Ekibin, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2058, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 510, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Ekibin, Qld, 1937-1954)
* [[/William Denton Graham|Graham, William Denton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGS-KB5] - 1895(Tas)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2RR Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2WG Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 227, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Rockdale, 1930-1937); process worker (Bondi Junction, 1943); iron worker (Rockdale, 1949-1968); machinist (Rockdale, 1977); retired (Liverpool, 1980)
* [[/William Thompson Graham|Graham, William Thompson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR1-SL3] - 1902(Sct)-1987(Tas) - Licences: 7BV Receive St Mary's (1923); Receive St Mary's (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer's assistant (St Mary's, 1925-1954);

===''GRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin John Rawle Grant|Grant, Colin John Rawle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-BXF] - 1902(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4JG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 310, 1926, No. 32 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; accountant - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloowin, 1925-1934); security officer (Eagle Junction, 1936); auditor (West Nundah, 1937); retired (Southport, 1968-1980)
* [[/James Grant|Grant, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2DP Newcastle (Stockton, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 555, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/William Patrick Grant|Grant, William Patrick &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-YJC] - 1917(Ireland)-19??(Ireland) - Licences: 4WU Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1801, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 269, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; air controller (Shannon Airport) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GRANTHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Richard Grantham|Grantham, Sidney Richard &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ6-B8S] - 1920(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4SG Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1946-1956); 4SG Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1960; Hendra, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2083, 1938, Qld; 1COCP 927, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, IREE, RFDS council); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); federal public servant (DCA, Aeradio; PMGD/DoC, radio inspector); broadcast technician (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: RAAF (Yerongpilly, Qld, 1943); broadcast engineer (Harristown, Qld, 1949); engineer (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); radio inspector (Hendra, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GRANVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Florence Violet Granville|Granville (nee) / Wallace / McKenzie, Florence Violet &quot;Mrs Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRR8-ZWS] - 1890(Vic)-1982(NSW) - 2GA Sydney (Sydney, 1922-1924; Greenwich, 1925-1939), 2FV Sydney (Sydney, 1946-1950; Circular Quay, 1954; Greenwich, 1955-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 109, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, business proprietor, signals instructor - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mckenzie-florence-violet-15485 ADB]

===''GRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Gray|Gray, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Albert Howell Gray|Gray, Albert Howell &quot;Dave&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXM-J83] - 1907(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2IJ Receive Sydney (Killara, 1922); 2IJ Sydney (Killara, 1923-1939, 1946-1969; Whale Beach, 1975-1980+); 2AG Sydney (McMahons Point, 1931-1938; Lane Cove, 1939); 2APV Sydney (McMahons Point, 1954; Strathfield, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 90, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Killara, 1930-1936); engineer (Killara, 1937-1968; Whale Beach, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Malcolm Gray|Gray, Frank Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBBV-5XS] - 1910(SA)-2011(Qld)100yo - Licences: 5MU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1932-1933); 5SU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1937-1939, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1017, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 5MU possibly withdrawn for 5MU Murray Bridge - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Toorak Gardens, 1939)
* [[/George Henry Boulderson Gray|Gray, George Henry Boulderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTTN-WVM] - 1912(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JP Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1796, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot, Qld, 1936-1943); sound engineer (Ascot, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''GREEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Green|Green, Albert Ernest]] - 1869(Vic)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - State &amp; Federal politician; Postmaster-General (1931-1932) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Albert Green (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Herman Rowland Green|Green, Herman Rowland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-LGY] - 1915(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: 5OJ Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1679, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. Green|Green, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Yeronga, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter William Green|Green, Walter William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-R87] - 1911(WA)-2012(WA) - Licences: 6WG Albany (1936-1937); 6WG Wiluna (1937-1939); 6WG Albany (1947-1960); 6WG Derby (1965); 6WG Norseman (1969); 6WG Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1676, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936); fitter (Albany, WA, 1958-1963); plant inspector (Norseman, WA, 1968); mechanic (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''GREENHALGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Neal Greenhalgh|Greenhalgh, Kenneth Neal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-NGD] - 1909(NSW)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 2KG Newcastle (Hamilton, 1929-1930; Rooty Hill, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Mayfield West, 1934-1939; New Lambton, 1946-1956; Adamstown Heights, 1957-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 550, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 73, 1932; 1COCP 839, 1944; TVOCP 18, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Hamilton, 1930); broadcasting engineer (2KO Sandgate, 1933); engineer (Mayfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (New Lambton, 1943-1954; Adamstown, 1958-1968; Adamstown Heights, 1977-1980) 
===''GREENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold John Greenham|Greenham, Arnold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH9-QQS] - 1907(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4EE Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933); 4AG Gympie (1934); 4AG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1946-1948); 4AG Caloundra (1954-1956); 4AG Brisbane (Kallangur, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1040, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 807, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; bank employee (NAB) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Gympie, 1936; Innisfail, 1937; South Brisbane, 1943-1949); not stated (Caloundra, 1954-1958); retired (Kallangur, 1963-1972)
===''GREENHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alexander Greenhill|Greenhill, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3K-GWN] - 1904(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LE Brisbane (West End, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1348, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925); ceiling fixer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928); cleaner (West End, Qld, 1937; Archerfield, Qld, 1943); steward (Wilston, Qld, 1949); metal finisher (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); barman (Kirra, Qld, 1958); caretaker (Caloundra, Qld, 1963); cleaner (Woorim, Qld, 1968)

===''GREGORY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. Gregory|Gregory, A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAED Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, possibly Alyn Keith Gregory, bank officer, Bellevue Hill, 1930-1939
* [[/Clyde Francis Burnell Gregory|Gregory, Clyde Francis Burnell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS34-5MV] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Qld) - Licences: Receive Emu Park (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1937); fisherman (Yeppoon, Qld, 1943-1949); taxi driver (Maryborough, Qld, 1958); taxi proprietor (Nelly Bay, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Harold Rigby Gregory|Gregory, Harold Rigby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2C9-CDX] - 1900(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2ED Receive Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1922); 2ED Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1930); inspector (Roseville, 1931-1936); insurance inspector (Roseville, 1937); manager (Newcastle, 1943-1954); insurance manager (Merewether, 1958-1972)
* [[/Robert William Gregory|Gregory, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2FW-QFJ] - 1907(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5GU Mt Barker (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1438, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Kadina, SA, 1939); police officer (Lobethal, SA, 1941-1943)

===''GREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Grey|Grey, Albert Edward &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDK5-374] - 1897(WA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6BO Perth (Nedlands, 1925-1932); 6BO Carnarvon (1933); 6AA Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; RTCP 532, 1920, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP 35, 1934; TVOCP 278 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD); PMGD (postal assistant, Leederville,1919); WW1; RAAF (WW2, radar systems) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1925; Nedlands, 1925-1931); radio inspector (Nedlands, 1936-1972); retired (Nedlands, 1977-1980)
* [[/Elton Edward Grey|Grey, Elton Edward or Edward Elton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWPL-PQ5] - 1920(Qld)-1962(WA) - Licences: 4LX Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939); 6ZX Perth (West Perth, 1948); 6ZX Northam (1954-1955); 6ZX Perth (Leederville, 1956; Floreat Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1689, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (West Perth, WA, 1943); bank clerk (West Perth, WA, 1949); bank officer (Wagin, WA, 1949; Northam, WA, 1954; Floreat Park, WA, 1958)
* [[/James Leonard Grey|Grey, James Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZV-ZY5] - 1915(Sct)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4LN Brisbane (Norman Park, 1937-1938); 2AKO Sydney (Vaucluse, 1939; Pymble, 1946-1961; St Ives, 1965-1969; Neutral Bay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 184, 1934; 2COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF); pilot (RQAC, QANTAS) - Electoral Rolls: aviator (Norman Park, Qld, 1936-1937); airline captain (Pymble, NSW, 1949-1958; St Ives, NSW, 1963-1968); retired (Neutral Bay, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''GRIBBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Gribble|Gribble, Arthur James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Comment: only one reference found, likely misspelling; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''GRIEVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Grieve|Grieve, Ian]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - historian (broadcast); proprietor of Australian Old Time Radio website - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://www.australianotr.com.au/ OTR]
===''GRIFFIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Neville Griffin|Griffin, Thomas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C4-RJ2] - 1889(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2LQ Sydney (Hornsby, 1929-1936); 2AIR Sydney (Northbridge, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 505, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hornsby, 1930-1934); electrical engineer (Artarmon, 1936; Willoughby, 1937; Hornsby, 1943-1949)
===''GRIFFEN-FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bridget Griffen-Foley|Griffen-Foley, Bridget]] - historian (broadcasting) - Professor, Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language and Literature, Macquarie University - author &quot;Changing Stations: The Story of Australian Commercial Radio&quot; &amp; numerous professional articles
===''GRIFFITHS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Arthur Griffiths|Griffiths, Leslie Arthur &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZK-81V] - 1909(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LZ Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1947-1956) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, signaller); cine assistant (Empire Theatre) - Halcyon: AOCP Toowoomba 1938 - Electoral Rolls: assistant projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1931-1937); biograph projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); projectionist (Toowoomba West, Qld, 1963-1968)

===''GRIGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Haydn Errol Grigg|Grigg, Haydn Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BV-N98] - 1899(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922); 2AS Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Darlinghurst, 1935; Edgecliff, 1935-1949; Double Bay, 1954-1968)
===''GRIMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Douglas Grimes|Grimes, Benjamin Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8B-D6J] - 1901(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Annerley, 1923-1924); 4BD Brisbane (Annerley, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 278, 1926, No. 23 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Tarragindi, 1925-1937); share dealer (New Farm, 1943); farmer (Cleveland, 1949-1958); retired (Corinda, 1968-1980)
===''GRIMMETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Urbane Grimmett|Grimmett, Stanley Urbane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L447-3MW] - 1905(NZ)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Newcastle (Hamilton, 1930-1937); 2ZW Sydney (Bankstown, 1938-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1960; Vaucluse, 1961-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 667, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, journalist - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Hamilton, 1930-1937; Strathfield, 1949-1958); Vaucluse, 1963)
===''GRIVELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Grivell|Grivell, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC43-NGM] - 1901(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5BK Yorketown (1930-1933); 5BK Gladstone (1937); 5BK Crystal Brook (1938-1939); 5BK Gawler (1946-1947); 5BK Magill (1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 609, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (5CK Crystal Brook, 1939-1941); telephone mechanic (Gawler, 1943)

===''GROGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold William Grogan|Grogan, Arnold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSS-87B] - 1915(WA)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6EI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1936-1939; City, 1947); 6EI Carnarvon (1948); 6EI Perth (Leederville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1759, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); public servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1949); civil servant (Leederville, WA, 1954-1980)

===''GRONOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rees Gronow|Gronow, William Rees]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVM-KFV] - 1908(Vic)-2003(Vic) - 3EQ Receive Melbourne (City, 1922-1924), 3WG Melbourne (City, 1925-1933; Glen Iris, 1937; Malvern East, 1937; Glen Iris, 1938-1939, 1948-1960; Brighton, 1965-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 178, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, director (Malvern, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1968-1977))

===''GROVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Grove|Grove, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KB-97B] - 1897(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: N746 Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922); 2HZ Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 575, 1920 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Castle Hill, 1930); poultry farmer (Peakhurst, 1933-1949); retired (Burwood, 1963-1972)
===''GROWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Norman Wills Growden|Growden, George Norman Wills &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9C6-15M] - 1913(Vic)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5YM Gladstone (1937-1939); 5YM Wedge Island via Port Lincoln (1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1945, 1937, SA; BOCP 145, 1938; 2COCP 401, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943); wireless operator (RAAF Station, Pearce, WA, 1943)

===''GRUBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Grubb|Grubb, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6WK-K6N] - 1907(Qld)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 4DI Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1931); concrete labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1963); retired (Finch Hatton, 1968)
===''GRUMMITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Frederick Grummitt|Grummitt, Gilbert Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-FFD] - 1906(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4BS Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1929-1933; Hamilton, 1937-1939; Bulimba, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 531, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Fortitude Valley, 1928-1934; Hamilton, 1936-1937); boilermaker (Bulimba, 1949-1958)
===''GRUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hill Grundy|Grundy, Robert Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZP7-F78] - 1915(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5BG Murray Bridge (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 5BG Crystal Brook (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2010, 1937, SA; BOCP 175, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GUILDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Guildford|Guildford, Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-5BG] - 19??(Eng)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4AP Brisbane (Herston, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Sandgate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1342, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, publicity officer) - Electoral Rolls: advertisment writer (West End, Qld, 1934); copy writer (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1936-1949)

===''GUNDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thor Odin Gundersen|Gundersen (BDM) or Gunderson (Census), Thor Odin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHL8-F2W] - 1895(NZ)-1986(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 242, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Bondi, 1930-1931); radio officer (ss Fiona, 1943)
===''GUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Campbell Gunn|Gunn, Kenneth Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-X18] - 1911(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LG Laidley (1932-1937); 4LD Laidley (1937-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 884, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Callsigns: 4LG likely withdrawn for 4LG Longreach - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Laidley, Qld, 1937-1972)

===''GUNTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Eliot Gunter|Gunter, Norman Eliot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2WR-5VB] - 1912(Vic)-1943(At Sea) - Licences: 3NG Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 593, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 372, 1932; 1COCP 51, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (merchant navy, wireless operator) - Electoral Rolls: sales (Caulfield, 1935; Hawthorn, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1428541]
===''GURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Carlisle Gurner|Gurner, Reginald Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8S8] - 1905(SA)-1975(SA) - 5CZ Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); 5RG Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923-1928; Linden Park Gardens, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 31, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Linden Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GURR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Frederick Gurr|Gurr, Alan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-KJV] - 1904(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Geelong East (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geelong, 1926-1928; Belmont, 1931-1972)
* [[/George Henry Gurr|Gurr, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L46K-DBB] - 1896(SA)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 5GO Adelaide (Parafield, 1933); 3QH Melbourne (Stanmore, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1142, 1933, SA; 3COCP 185, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Parkville, Vic, 1926); ground engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1928); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954)

===''GUTTERIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frank Gutteridge|Gutteridge, Reginald Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNYP-KSN] - 1886(Tas)-1942(WA) - Licences: V759 Receive (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm manager (Marnoo, Vic, 1921); electrical engineer (Rupanyup, 1924-1927)

=='''H'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''HADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lionel Trimble Hadley|Hadley, Arthur Lionel Trimble &quot;Doc&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7ZX-G9Y] - 1900(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4AH Brisbane (Clifton Hill, 1930-1933; Dutton Park, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 636, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: signwriter (Taringa, 1921); salesman (Toowong, 1922-1925); motor assembler (Yeronga, 1929); radio mechanic (South Brisbane, 1937); technician (Annerley, 1949-1958); retired (Inala, 1958; Seven Hills, 1963)
===''HADLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Lindsay Hadlow|Hadlow, Martin Lindsay]] - radio clubs (NZDXRL, ARDXC, DXA), early wireless and broadcasting historian (Ph.D. Thesis,)

===''HAGARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neville Douglas Hagarty|Hagarty, Neville Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G38J-GBJ] - 1907(Qld)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster (on 4WH); radio club participant; business proprietor; pilot; federal public servant (DCA) - Relationships: brother of 4WH William Edward Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: woodworker (Hospital Hill, 1930)
* [[/William Edward Hagarty|Hagarty, William Edward &quot;Edward / Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G384-TL3] - 1905(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4WH Longreach (1925-1939); 4WH Townsville (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 172, 1925, No. 16 in Qld; 2COCP 271, 1939; 1COCP 309, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; engineer; postal employee (PMG); federal public servant (PMG) - Relationships: brother of Neville Douglas Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Longreach, 1930-1937); aeradio operator (Longreach, 1943); officer commanding aeradio station (Townsville, 1949-1954); communications officer (Townsville, 1958-1963; Mysterton, 1968)

===''HAI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pham Nhu Hai|Hai, Pham Nhu &quot;Hai&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), Director Broadcasting ITU-R
===''HAIGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bartin Robert Alfred Read Haigh|Haigh, Bartin Robert Alfred Read]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-J8B] - 1854(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: N752 Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2IA Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1930); poultry farmer (Seven Hills, 1933)
===''HAINES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Lewis Harrison Haines|Haines, Claude Lewis Harrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-8F6] - 1906(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5CH Millicent (1933-1937); 3QM Geelong (Belmont, 1938-1939); 5CH Mt Gambier (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1118, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Belmont, Vic, 1937); engine driver (Mt Gambier, SA, 1941-1943)

===''HALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl William Millar Hale|Hale, Carl William Millar &quot;William&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VR-TPL] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3GH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3GH Anglesea (1924-1931+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 120, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Elsternwick, 1924); architect (Hawthorn, 1958-1968; Malvern, 1977-1980)
===''HALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lovett Hall|Hall, Geoffrey Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDB-ZD3] - 1895(Tas)-1972(Tas) - Licences: Receive Waddamanna (1923-1924); 7GH Waddamanna (1925-1931+); 7GH Hobart (1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 137, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 85, 1937 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); engineer (New Town, 1936-1949)
* [[/Graham George Hall|Hall, Graham George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HN-Z89] - 1910(Vic)-1971(Eng) - Licences: 3WO Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931; Hawthorn, 1933); 2AGH Sydney (Five Dock, 1937; Strathfield, 1938-1939; Hurstville, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 482, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Auburn, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Abbotsford, 1937); engineer (Hurstville, 1949-1954; South Hurstville, 1958-1968)
* [[/Reginald Allen Hall|Hall, Reginald Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 539, 1929, No. ?? in ???? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. F. Hall|Hall, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3FH Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3FH Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Charles Hall|Hall, William Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BH Abermain (1930-1933); 2XT Abermain (1934-1936); 2XT Kurri Kurri (1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2XT Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1950-1965; Toronto, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 643, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Abermain, 1935; Kurri Kurri, 1937-1943); hotel licensee (Newcastle, 1949-1963); retired (Toronto, 1972; Carey Bay, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2BH licence withdrawn for 2BH Broken Hill commercial; Beware several contemporaneous WCH in Newcastle region
===''HALLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philpot Hallam|Hallam, William Philpot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MX-Y3J] - 1859(Tas)-1952(Vic) - Licences: XZH Hobart (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; PMGD Vic + Federal - Electoral Rolls: Nil
===''HALLIDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Fred Halliday|Halliday, Eric Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC26-L5B] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5FW Adelaide (Hectorville, 1935-1939; South Payneham, 1947-1969; Magill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1494, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Crystal Brook, 1939)

===''HALYDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Guyler Halyday|Halyday, James Guyler]] - 1904(Vic)-19??(???) - 4HZ Gympie (1939, 1946-1980+) , amateur operator (AOCP 2287, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ; Gympie ARC), military (WW2), employment (SEAQ linesman)

===''HAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilton Ham|Ham, George Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-P28] - 1905(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1923); 4GW Brisbane (Northgate, 1930-1931; Coorparoo, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 572, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (Toombul RC); employment (Chandlers) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1937; St Lucia, 1943-1968); retired (Jamboree Heights, 1972-1980)
* [[/Guildford Ham|Ham, Guildford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67H-W9Y] - 1906(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 101, 1937 - radio technician - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (South Brisbane, 1928-1937); radio technician (South Brisbane, 1943; Bald Hills, 1943; Annerley, 1954); technician (Wavell Heights, 1958-1963)
* [[/Thomas Edward Ham|Ham, Thomas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88F-R3P] - 1921(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4WX Brisbane (Chelmer, 1937-1939); 2AGA Sydney (Kogarah, 1946-1947; Carlton, 1948-1950; Sylvannia Heights, 1954-1975); 4AGT Buderim (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2056, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Sylvannia, 1954-1968); mechanic (Sylvannia, NSW, 1972-1977); retired (Buderim, 1980)
===''HAMILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Ormsby Hamilton|Hamilton, John William Ormsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MG65-XRC] - 1869(Tas)-1944(Eng) - Australian representative of Pacific Radio Telegraph Co and Marconi Telegraph Co, promoted a scheme to link Aus/NZ/Pacific Islands (rejected by Aus Gov 1909), migrated to England to work for Marconi, donated Ormsby Hamilton Radio Prize in memory of his father Thomas Ormsby Hamilton
===''HAMMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Harold Hammond|Hammond, John Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HP-67H] - 1875(NSW)-1932(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: barrister-at-law (Ashfield, 1913); barrister (Killara, 1930-1932)
* [[/Herbert Bowes Hammond|Hammond, Herbert Bowes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-2PK] - 1907(NSW)-1967(NSW) - 2NI Sydney (Chatswood, 1925; Epping, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928; Naremburn, 1929-1930), amateur operator (AOCP 64, 1925 01, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 895, 1925 12; 2COCP 318, 1931), amateur broadcaster

===''HANCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. A. Hancock|Hancock, C. A. or G. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V748 Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922); 3GU Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/D'Arcy Maxwell Hancock|Hancock, D'Arcy Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCG4-L3Y] - 1910(SA)-2017(SA)107yo - Licences: 5RJ Kadina (1927-1939, 1946-1960); 5RJ Adelaide (Mitchell Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 356, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kadina, 1947)

===''HANNAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hannam|Hannam, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G83F-J78] - 1913(NSW)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 2IR Sydney (Hurstville South, 1935-1937); 2IR Orange (1938-1939); Sydney (South Hurstville, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1472, 1935, Qld; BOCP 9, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hurstville, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Orange, 1943; Hurstville, 1949); engineer (Cheltenham, 1949-1954; Moorabbin, 1963)
* [[/Walter Henry Hannam|Hannam, Walter Henry &quot;Wally&quot; &quot;Wal&quot;, &quot;Doc&quot;, &quot;Fatty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273W-H9T] - 1885(NSW)-1965(NSW) - XQI Stamford, Qld (1911-1914); 2YH Sydney (Balmain, 1924; Mosman, 1924-1933; Willoughby, 1934-1939); 2AXH Terrigal (1954-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 27, 1924, No. 10 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; radio clubs (WIA NSW, first secretary 1910); wireless operator Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1912-1914) - Relationships: don't confuse with father William Henry Hannam of Hannams Ltd, engineers &amp; sheet metal workers - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Walter Henry Hannam|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/biography/hannam_walter.php Bio1]; [https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/people/walter-hannam/ Bio2]
===''HANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hansen|Hansen, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-45T] - 1914(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4FH Brisbane (Forest Hill, 1935-1939); 4SV Brisbane (Bulimba, 1948-1965; Carina, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1508, 1935, Qld; BOCP 1039, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, 1937, radio technician); state public servant (BCC, communications officer) - Relationships: father of Graham Hansen 4FV - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Forest Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); WT Operator (Wendouree, Vic, 1942); RAAF (Maryborough, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Carina, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''HARDGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Hardgrave|Hardgrave, Philip &quot;Pop&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMPF-XL5] - 1857(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4PH Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1150, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: oldest person in British Empire to obtain a full licence - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Wellington Point, 1916-1928)
===''HARDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Netherton Kilgour Hardie|Hardie, Bruce Netherton Kilgour]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ95-FMJ] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - 3YX Melbourne (Garden Vale, 1925-1933; City, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 49, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, WIA Vic, accountant
===''HARDISTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Hardisty|Hardisty, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-C4W] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DH Perth (Victoria Park, 1926-1939; West Perth, 1946-1948; Applecross, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 273, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Victoria Park, 1931-1943); radio mechanic (Applecross, 1954-1980)
===''HARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. R. Hardy|Hardy, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2RD Sydney (Glebe, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 187, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''HARKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dennis James Harkin|Harkin, Denis or Dennis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G45Q-9PH] - 1903(SA)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3YN Receive Melbourne (Prahran, 1923); 3KF Melbourne (Kensington, 1924-1925); 3YN Melbourne (Preston, 1924-1926); 4YN Bowen (1927); 3YN Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1931); 3YY Newport (1938); 6YN Pearce (1938); 3ADJ Melbourne (Prahran, 1946-1948; Middle Park, 1954-1956; Thornbury, 1960-1975); 4ADJ Maryborough (1980) - Qualifications: CPRT 782, 1923; 1COCP 280, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club participant (WIAQ); career military (RAAF); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Preston, Vic, 1926; Brunswick, Vic, 1931; Newport, 1937); RAAF (Clifton Hill, 1942); technician (Prahran, 1949; Albert Park, 1954); radio technician (Thornbury, 1963-1972); nil (Maryborough, 1977-1980)

===''HARLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Harlen|Harlen, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8MP-TWB] - 1884(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Sunnybank, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1908); fruit grower (Sunnybank, Qld, 1912-1949)

===''HARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Nicoll Harley|Harley, Gordon Nicoll]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-41H] - 1901(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: &quot;4AR Unlicensed&quot; Ipswich (1926-1928); 4GH Ipswich (1928-1933); 4GH Didcott (1937-1939); 4GH Maryborough (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 385, 1928, No. 43 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (radio manufacture); employment (school teacher); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Brassall, 1925); school teacher (Didcot, 1936-1943); teacher (Maryborough, 1949); school teacher (Maryborough, 1954-1980)

===''HARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Harmer|Harmer, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRTY-KHZ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4XW Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Camp Hill, 1954-1956; Coorparoo, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1301, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIAQ); telephone technician (PMGD); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1954); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''HARRANTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wolf Harranth|Harranth, Wolf]] - 1941(Austria)-2021(Austria) - Licences: OE1WHC Austria - curator of Dokufunk, host of the world's largest collection of amateur radio and broadcast QSLs; amateur radio operator; broadcast announcer; historian (amateur radio, broadcasting); children's book author; translator - provided the core of the WIA QSL collection
===''HARRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Harris|Harris, Alfred Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY1-F4K] - 1900(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3CH Birchip (1926-1939; 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: AOCP 303, 1926, No. ?? in Vic -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, class B licence? - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ouyen, 1924); electrical engineer (Birchip, 1925-1954; Power Station, Ouyen, 1963)
* [[/Ross Clifford Harris|Harris, Ross Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y2-DZF] - 1917(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5FL Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1939; Malvern, 1947-1948; Hawthorn, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1651, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Valentine Harms Harris|Harris, Valentine Harms]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PM-FDM] - 1909(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6NL Perth (Shenton Park, 1935-1939; Applecross,  1947-1969); 6NL Denmark (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1579, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 6YL Ruth Victoria Harris nee Longley - Electoral Rolls: garage employee (Subiaco, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); mechanic (Applecross, WA, 1949-1972)
===''HARRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Lionel Carr Harrison|Harrison, Percival Lionel Carr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-VDC] - 1912(WA)-2001(WA) - Licences: 6LH Perth (Claremont, 1937-1939; Armadale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1909, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Claremont, WA, 1936-1937); civil servant (Armadale, WA, 1943-1980)

===''HARRISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Harriss|Harriss, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8HN-THZ] - 1873(Eng)-1932(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Longreach Radio Club), business proprietor (Jackson &amp; Harriss) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Longreach, 1930) - Relationships: father of Dorothy Winnifred Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss
* [[/Dorothy Winnifred Harriss|Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGYC-3CP] - 1905(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4DH Longreach (1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 573, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); first YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: typist (Longreach, 1930); home duties (Longreach, 1936-1943; Warwick, 1949; Toowoomba, 1954-1977; Macgregor, 1980) - Relationships: daughter of Alfred George Harriss
===''HARRISSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harrisson|Harrisson, Charles &quot;Snowy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-VK3] - 1908(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1933); 3CN Shepparton (1937-1939); 7CH Hobart (Moonah, 1954-1960); 7CH Burnie (1965); 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 348, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of Charles Turnbull Harrisson, biologist in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Shepparton, 1936-1949); bank manager (Moonah, 1954)

===''HARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie William Harston|Harston, Leslie William or William Leslie &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQD-XVY] - 1897(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1932-1939, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 903, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (art shop) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Clayfield, Qld, 1921-1943); no occupation (Holland Park, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''HART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Samuel Hart|Hart, Augustus Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CMQ-4CP] - 1890(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 57, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Watchem, Vic, 1912; Glen Thompson, 1913); wireless engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1936-1937); wireless operator (Esperance, 1943); telegraphist (Darwin, 1949); wireless officer (Moonee Ponds, 1963-1968; Essendon, 1972)
* [[/James Claude Hoyte John Hart|Hart, James Claude Hoyte John &quot;Hoyte John&quot;, &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWC-W4C] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2HO Sydney (Manly, 1928-1931; Roseville, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; St Ives East, 1957-1975; Manly, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 410, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 4622, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1933-1954; St Ives, 1958-1963); retired (St Ives, 1968-1977; Manly, 1980)
* [[/Norman Victor Hart|Hart, Norman Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNK3-TXW] - 1908(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4KO Booval (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 760, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIA, Ipswich RC); engineer - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Booval, 1932-1937); grocer (Booval, 1943-1949); radio technician (Booval, 1954-1972; East Ipswich, 1977-1980)

===''HARVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. C. L. Harvey|Harvey, B. C. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAC Melbourne (Port Melbourne, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edward Rossiter Harvey|Harvey, Edward Rossiter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBP-BK8] - 1918(WA)-2009(Qld) - Licences: 6RG Perth (Scarborough, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4RK Surfers Paradise (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2041, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Leederville, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1943); newsagent (Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); shopkeeper (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1963); proprietor (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Mermaid Waters, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Manning Herbert Harvey|Harvey, Manning Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZGG-LFZ] - 1887(Tas)-1932(Tas) - Licences: XZC Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1914-1928)

===''HASKARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Geoffrey Haskard|Haskard, Reginald Geoffrey &quot;Geoff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-S35] - 1906(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Jamestown, 1923-1924); 5RH Adelaide (Jamestown, 1927-1931; North Adelaide, 1933; Malvern, 1937-1939; Helmsdale, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1975; West Beach, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 316, 1927, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1558, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retreader (Malvern, 1939-1941); wireless operator (Malvern, 1943)

===''HATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Westrop Henry Hatfield|Hatfield, Westrop Henry &quot;West&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-VF5] - 1909(Vic)-1998(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)
===''HATTAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Hattam|Hattam, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZV-QDL] - 1906(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3HW Castlemaine (1929-1939); 3BAL Castlemaine (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 541, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 410, 1941 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Castlemaine, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Castlemaine, 1954-1967); engineer (Castlemaine, 1968-1972)

===''HAWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haworth|Haworth, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G823-JT3] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences Q737 Receive Qld (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ironside Estate, 1917); mechanic (Taringa, 1921-1928); lineman (North Tmborine, 1931); electrical mechanic (Eagle Heights, 1936; Toowong, 1937); telephone mechanic (Bundaberg, 1943-1949); technician (Toowong, 1954-1972); retired (Caloundra, 1977-1980)
===''HAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edgar Cecil Hawson|Hawson, Thomas Edgar Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-ZV9] - 1916(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Ipswich (Woodend, 1937-1939; East Ipswich, 1947-1948); 4CH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1969; Salisbury, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2016, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: agent (Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (East Ipswich, Qld, 1949); storekeeper (Windsor, Qld, 1954; Yeronga, Qld, 1958; Salisbury, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''HAYMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Inglis Hayman|Hayman, William George Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-CX1] - 1897(Eng)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6BG Perth (Claremont, 1925); 6GH Perth (Claremont, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist; educator - Electoral Rolls: lecturer (Claremont, 1922-1929); engineer (Claremont, 1931-1954); civil servant (Claremont, 1958-1968) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hayman-william-george-12971 ADB]
===''HAYNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Lot Henry Haynes|Haynes, Bruce Lot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC44-8M4] - 1898(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2YA Armidale (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Armidale, 1930-1936); poultry farmer (West Pennant Hills, 1943-1958)
* [[/Thomas Ambrose John Haynes|Haynes, Thomas Ambrose John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSC5-WXM] - 1902(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5AY Adelaide (Black Forest Estate, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 835, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Black Forest, 1939-1943)

===''HAZLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett|Hazlett, Royce Stanley Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXX4-F38] - 1932(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4ZRH Brisbane (Wellers Hill, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOLCP 1159, 1961, Qld - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4EO Stanley Albert Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1963); electrical contractor (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1968-1972); contractor (Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Stanley Albert Hazlett|Hazlett, Stanley Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC33-RH7] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4EO Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 4ZRH Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, Qld, 1925-1928); buyer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''HEARPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Hearps, David Edward]] - See David Edward Vaughan (assumed change of name)

===''HEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Harry Heath|Heath, Allan Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y4-4DT] - 1914(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5ZX Adelaide (Prospect Park, 1934-1939; Highgate, 1947-1956; Brighton, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1369, 1934, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''HEATHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Heathers|Heathers, Cyril John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XN-NG9] - 1909(Eng)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2GZ Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1934); 2UA Sydney (Bankstown, 1935-1939; Artarmon, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 615, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Bankstown, 1930-1943); telephone engineer (Artarmon, 1949-1968); engineer (Artarmon, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2GZ callsign likely withdrawn by PMGD for 2GZ Orange commercial

===''HEILBRONN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Heilbronn|Heilbronn, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJHL-PW3] - 1894(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4GG Chinchilla (1929-1939); 4GG Yarraman (1946-1955); 4GG Crows Nest (1956); 4GG Millmerran (1960); 4GG Brisbane (Wynnum, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 565, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Qld Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fireman (Chinchilla, 1925-1937); locomotive driver (Yarraman, 1954); engine driver (Millmerran, 1943-1958); retired (Wynnum, 1963-1968) 
===''HEINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Heine|Heine, John Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VS-V1F] - 1908(Tas)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 7JK Hobart (City, 1927; Bellerive, 1931); 4JX Brisbane (City, 1933; Ascot, 1935; Kangaroo Point, 1937; Mowbray Park, 1938-1939); 3JF Melbourne (Beaumaris) (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 355, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, 1934; Norman Park, 1937); engineer (Brighton, 1949); representative (Beaumaris, 1954-1980)
===''HEINRICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Latimer Heinrich|Heinrich, William Latimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG5-S7Y] - 1917(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5HR Bute (1934-1939); 5HR Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1376, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmhand (Bute, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HEITSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry John Keith Heitsch|Heitsch, Henry John Keith or Heinrich Johann]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CV-QYP] - 1907(Vic)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 3HK Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1939, 1947-1975); 4AHK Scarness (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 516, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano fitter (Mitcham, 1931-1954); technician (Mitcham, 1963-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1980)

===''HELLAWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Herbert Hellawell|Hellawell, Francis Herbert &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK5G-478] - 1885(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur radio clubs (member, WIQ); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, 1913-1914; Coorparoo, 1919; East Annerley, 1925; Annerley, 1929-1934); clerk (Brisbane City, 1937); no occupation (Beachmere, 1943-1949; Annerley, 1954-1958)
===''HELLYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leicester Henry Hellyer|Hellyer, Leicester Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KFNW-BTC] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LS Sydney (Rockdale, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 600, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Rockdale, 1930-1933; Manly, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936-1937; Willoughby, 1943; Artarmon, 1949-1963; Newport, 1968-1977)

===''HENDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Henderson|Henderson, Frederick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-XRX] - 1891(Eng)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 208, 1916 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/S. A. Henderson|Henderson, S. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JN Adelaide (Walkerville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HENNESSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] - 1896(Qld)-19?? - 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld), fourth YL operator in Qld
===''HENRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Geddes Henry|Henry, Arthur Geddes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4QW-K9Z] - 1907(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK Sydney (Sandringham, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 494, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Sandringham, NSW, 1930-1937); engineer (San Souci, 1949-1963; Northbridge, 1968)
* [[/Clement John Henry|Henry, Clement John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6T-RPC] - 1905(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Uralla (1923); 2CH Uralla (1924-1929); 2UR Uralla (1930-1939); 2UR Blakehurst (1946); 2UR Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1948-1957; Pymble, 1958-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 85, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Withdrawal: 2CH callsign withdrawn in 1930 for 2CH Sydney - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Uralla, 1930-1937); electrical fitter (RAAF Richmond, 1943); technician (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954; Pymble, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Edwin Henry|Henry, John Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL6B-GD6] - 1868(Vic)-1933(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Receive Mt Alford via Boonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: baker (Gundy, NSW, 1913); farmer (Boonah, Qld, 1917-1921); storekeeper (Mt Alford, Qld, 1922-1926); baker (Dayboro, Qld, 1928; Wondai, Qld, 1931)
* [[/Raymond Cherrington Henry|Henry, Raymond Cherrington &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-C1Y] - 1894(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5CY Cook (1935-1939); 5RY Adelaide (Goodwood, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1421, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: Son, also named RCH, passed in WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HENWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Franklin Henwood|Henwood, Ralph Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89X-CF6] - 1912(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6RL Perth (North Perth, 1930-1933; Claremont, 1937); 6RL Northam (1946-1948); 2AXA Sydney (Rose Bay, 1960-1961); 6RL Perth (Claremont, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 720, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 2, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio serviceman (Claremont, 1936); radio operator (6AM) (Northam, 1937); radio technician (Northam, 1943-1949; Claremont, 1954); technician (Bellevue Hill, 1958; Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977)

===''HEPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Dean Hepton|Hepton, William Dean &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRBB-VN5] - 1898(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4WD Brisbane (Milton, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 918, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, instructor 1932-1935) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1921; Milton, Qld, 1925-1963)

===''HERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Kinross Herd|Herd, James Kinross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-YSQ] - 1901(Vic)-1963(Vic) - 3JK Baccus Marsh (1924-1927), 3JK Wangaratta (1933-1939, 1946-1956), 3JK Mornington (1960), amateur operator (AOCP 36, 1924, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''HERSCHEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Victor Herschel|Herschel, Henry Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4N6-76H] - 1902(Qld)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4UK Cairns (1929-1931); 4UK Toowoomba (1933); 4UK Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 564, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1925; Cairns, 1930; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937)- Comment: Passed too soon

===''HESKETH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hesketh|Hesketh, John]] - 1868(Eng)-1917(Vic) - early wireless experimenter, senior state public servant (Qld electrical engineer), senior federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer), military (Royal Engineers, Eng; Qld Defence Force, lieutenant)

===''HEWITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Hewitt|Hewitt, Archibald John &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DZ-TNY] - 1910(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939); 5XK Kingscote (1946-1948); 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1954; College Park, 1955-1956; Lucindale, 1960; Semaphore, 1965-1969; Ottaway, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 582, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Kingscote, 1939-1941)
* [[/Clarence Richard Hewitt|Hewitt, Clarence Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6D1-718] - 1900(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Brisbane (Rosalie, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1919); student (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1921-1926); moulder (Rosalie, Qld, 1928); carpenter (Rosalie, Qld, 1936-1943; Indooroopilly, Qld, 1949); hotel manager (Indooroopilly, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Horace Thomas Hewitt|Hewitt, Horace Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MN6S-JBL] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PD Brisbane (Moorooka, 1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2377, 1939, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Hodgson, Qld, 1925; Bowen, Qld, 1930); mechanic (Roma, Qld, 1936-1937); turner (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Thomas George Hewitt|Hewitt, Thomas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-PLM] - 1900(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 4TH Cairns (1937-1939); 2LH Lismore (1946-1961); 2ATG Lennox Head (1955-1961) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Cairns, Qld, 1930-1943; Lismore, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''HIAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Charles Hiam|Hiam, Robert Charles &quot;Charles&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VCT-14T] - 1888(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: XLD Melbourne (Balaclava, 1913-1914); 3LW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1931; Caulfield North, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 174, 1915 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: tailor (St Kilda, 1913-1928; Caulfield, 1931-1968); retired (Beaumaris, 1972-1980)

===''HICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Joseph Hicks|Hicks, Henry Joseph &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QG-RRR] - 1913(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 1HH Macquarie Island (1955-1956); 4HG Willis Island (1963); 9HG Lae, New Guinea (1965-1969); 4HG Tolga (1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 2468, 1941, Qld; 1COCP 784, 1944 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: letterpress machinist (Cairns, 1936-1937); printer (Newtown, 1943); radio officer (Broome, 1963); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1972); retired (Tolga, 1977-1980) - Awards: BEM (1958, Officer in Charge, Radio Weather Reporting Station, Willis Islets)

===''HIGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Gordon Conway Higgins|Higgins, John Gordon Conway &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD45-FKK] - 1884(NSW)-1963(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 29, 1914 - wireless telegraphist, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Perth, 1910-1912); radio engineer (Prahran, 1925-1927); manufacturer (St Kilda, Vic, 1934-1937); soldier (Caulfield, 1942); military duties (South Yarra, 1949); retired (Dromana, 1954; Sorrento, 1963)

===''HILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Edward Hilder|Hilder, Henry Edward]] - 1919(???)-1984(Qld) - 4HH Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1946-1948; Nudgee, 1954-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, AIF Signals), employment (Brisbane Fire Brigade, communications), (Halcyon says AOCP Brisbane 1936 but no record)
===''HILDYARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol David Hildyard|Hildyard, Athol David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-TBD] - 1919(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7DH Hobart (City, 1936-1939, 1948; Montagu Bay, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1735, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; 1AOCP 50, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcast technician (Hobart South, 1943-1949); radio engineer (Montagu Bay, 1954)
===''HILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Wyatt Hill|Hill, Alfred Wyatt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Y-5VM] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Arthur Stanley Hill|Hill, Arthur Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-FRC] - 1906(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6AH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1985, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Husband of 6MH Mary Lilian Hill nee - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Wiluna, WA, 1931); engineer (Wiluna, WA, 1936-1949); business manager (Wiluna, WA, 1954-1963); retired (West Busselton, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/Frederick John Hill|Hill, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-1J5] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TY Kurri Kurri (1929-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 500, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: colliery employee (Pelaw Main, 1930; Stanford Merthyr, 1934; Kurri Kurri, 1936-1937); winding driver (Kurri Kurri, 1968)
* [[/Mary Lilian XXXX|Hill nee , Mary Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-JZY] - 1906(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6MH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6MH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1976, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 6AH Arthur Stanley Hill - Electoral Rolls:

===''HILLHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Reid Hillhouse|Hillhouse, James or James Reid]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-YZJ] - 1907(Sct)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4ZO Collinsville (1933-1939, 1947-1975); 4ZO Bowen (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1115, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coal miner (Collinsville, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Gladstone, Qld, 1977)

===''HILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Hilton|Hilton, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPR-P1K] - 1876(???)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XEQ Sydney (St Leonards, 1913-1914); 2BA Receive Sydney (Crows Nest, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Newtown, 1903); postmaster (Stockton, 1930-1932; Kurri Kurri, 1934-1936); retired (Long Jetty, 1943-1949)

===''HINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Hine|Hine, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBY-3SZ] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2QL Sydney (Campsie, 1935-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Homebush, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1434, 1935, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Campsie, 1930-1931; Temora, 1932-1935); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1936-1937; Concord, 1943); radio officer (Homebush, 1954-1958; Strathfield West, 1968; Homebush, 1977-1980)

===''HIPWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Anson Le Hunt Hipwell|Hipwell, Ronald Anson Le Hunt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HJ-SMM] - 1902(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Swan Hill (1929-1933); 2ACD Broken Hill (1937-1939); 3ACD Melbourne (Dromana, 1955-1956); 5AJ Port Augusta (1960-1965); 3AEI Melbourne (Dromana, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 486, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 140, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1925); electrical engineer (Swan Hill, 1931); radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1935-1943); radio electrical fitter (Dromana, 1949-1954); retired (Dromana, 1972)

===''HIRSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jacob Alexander Hirsch|Hirsch or Deerson, Jacob or Jakob Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWZX-RZ3] - 1896(Aus)-1979(Aus) - Licences: 2AE Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Oatley, 1930-1937); clerk (Canberra, 1949); no occupation (Pambula Beach, 1954-1972; Merimbula, 1977)
===''HITCHCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leith Fuller Hitchcock|Hitchcock, Leith Fuller]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWC-Y61] - 1897(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4LH Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1931-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bacteriologist (Wooloowin, 1921-1936); research officer (Wooloowin, 1943-1949)

===''HOAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. M. Hoad|Hoad, C. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 319, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - Individual not yet identified
===''HOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Cecil Hoar|Hoar, John Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVKW-HND] - 1900(Eng)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6OR Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1939; Mosman Park, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 786, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Barracks, Fremantle, WA, 1925-1931; East Fremantle, WA, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, WA, 1949-1963)

===''HOARE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Hoare|Hoare, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99K-6N4] - 1895(NSW)-1975(NSW) - 2PH Gosford (1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 82, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, railway signalman
* [[/Pierce Mark Hoare|Hoare, Pierce Mark]] - 1895(NSW)-1988(NSW) - 2SL Lismore (1934-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1227, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Richmond River Listeners' League)

===''HOBART-DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Hobart-Duff, William Vere see Duff, William Vere Hobart]]
===''HOBCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hurtle Horace Hobcroft|Hobcroft, Hurtle Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-G5T] - 1899(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5RE Adelaide (West Brunswick, 1928); 5RE Renmark (1931-1939, 1946-1956); 5RE Adelaide (Linden Park, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 420, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Relationships: Father of Rex Kelvin Hobcroft - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlton North, 1925-1926; Brunswick West, 1928); horticulturalist (Renmark, 1939-1943)

===''HOBLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Forde Hobler|Hobler, Cecil Forde]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Barcaldine, 1928) - Relationships: cousin of 4DO Harold Learmonth Hobler?
* [[/Harold Learmonth Hobler|Hobler, Harold Learmonth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKZ-8N1] - 1906(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 1217 Rockhampton (1921-1924); 4DO Receive Rockhampton (1923); 4DO Rockhampton (1925-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 110, 1925, No. 12 in Qld; CPRT 1003, 1928 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, JOTA); business proprietor (picture theatre), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1930-1937); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1943); soldier (Bulimba, 1943); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1949); theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1958-1963); property owner (Rockhampton North, 1968-1977) - Relationships: cousin of Cecil Forde Hobler?

===''HODDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Hodder|Hodder, Clarence William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLK-ZRC] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5LY Adelaide (Parkside, 1934-1939, 1947; Bridgewater, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1354, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HODDINOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Hoddinott|Hoddinott, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4Q-3X7] - 1886(Vic)-1972(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Eagle Junction, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockville Estate, Toowoomba, Qld, 1908; Toowoomba, Qld, 1912; Sandgate, Qld, 1919; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1921-1943; West End, 1949); retired (Tamborine Mountain, Qld, 1958-1963; Hendra, Qld, 1968)

===''HODGKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Charles Hodgkinson|Hodgkinson, Francis Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBM-J4S] - 1906(???)-1977(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: jeweller's assistant (Ulverstone, 1928-1949); watchmaker (Ulverstone, 1954)

===''HODSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Hodson|Hodson, Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-DV2] - 1890(SA)-1917(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 145, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hoe|Hoe, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS4Q-CSG] - 1886(Vic)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer; business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Father of 4FO Fred Hoe - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fortitude Valley, Qld, 1913; Yeronga, Qld, 1916-1919); manager (Yeronga, Qld, 1921-1972)
* [[/Fred Hoe|Hoe, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G796-MWK] - 1913(Vic)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4FO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1933-1939; Annerley, 1946-1954) -  Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 53, 1931; AOCP 1188, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Edgar V. Hudson); business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Son of Frederick Hoe - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Yeronga, Qld, 1936-1937); general manager (Annerley, Qld, 1949); business manager (Salisbury, Qld, 1954); manager (Buranda, Qld, 1954-1963; Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968); company director (Holland Park West, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''HOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hogg|Hogg, Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TCR] - 1908(Eng)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6SG Harvey (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1382, 1934, WA; BOCP 142, 1938; 2COCP 240, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: milk tester (Harvey, WA, 1930-1937); radio operator (AAMS Wireless Station, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949); aircraft engineer (Kewdale, WA, 1954-1968; Belmont, WA, 1972); retired (Coodanup, WA, 1977; Mandurah, WA, 1980)

===''HOLLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Evan Holland|Holland, Albert John Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-VBH] - 1896(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 12, 1924, No. 3 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 3JH Frank Henry James Holland - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925; Essendon, 1926); engineer (Essendon, 1928-1931; Camberwell, 1936-1954); nil (Nunawading, 1963)
* [[/Frank Henry James Holland|Holland, Frank Henry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-S1W] - 1899(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 596, 1920 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well placed in Trans-Pacific Tests 1923 despite inferior equipment - Relationships: brother of 3JH Albert John Evan Holland - Electoral Rolls: wireless instructor (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925); boot repairer (Essendon, 1926-1928); labourer (North Essendon, 1931); boot repairer (Olinda, 1934-1943); postal clerk (Sandringham, 1949); clerk (Heidelberg, 1954-1968)
* [[/Ronald Weymouth Holland|Holland, Ronald Weymouth &quot;Ron&quot;]] - 1914(???)-1983(Qld) - 4AQ Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 2392, 1939, No. ?? in Qld)
===''HOLLOWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hart Holloway|Holloway, William Hart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-HRT] - 1876(Eng)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 20, 1914; 1COCP 41, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Brunswick, Vic, 1909; Whitemark, Flinders Island, 1914-1919); wireless operator (Broome, 1918-1922); O.J.C. Radio (Camberwell, 1924-1926); radio officer (Thursday Island, 1928); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Emita, Flinders Island, 1936-1937); farmer (Lady Barron, 1943-1949)

===''HOLST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Owen Holst|Holst, Arnold Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-ZPD] - 1898(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: XPH Melbourne (Caulfield, 1913-1914); 3OH Melbourne (Toorak, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY); electrician - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: sharebroker (Camberwell, 1922-1934; Toorak, 1935-1972)
* [[/Hector James Holst|Holst, Hector James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-X23] - 1903(Vic)-1954(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1954) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1925-1954)
* [[/Otto Holst|Holst, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-2M7] - 1906(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1955-1967) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 79, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY) - took over 3BY callsign after passing of brother Hector James Holst in 1954 - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Caulfield, 1928-1963)
===''HOLT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Molineux Holt|Holt, Bernard Molineux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQR-MJP] - 1883(NZ)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - president WIA WA; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA WA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1910-1914; Osborne, 1917-1954)

===''HOMBERG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. G. Homberg|Homberg, S. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3RG Melbourne (Malvern, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morten Honnor|Honnor, John Morten]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNV-ZM6] - 1900(SA)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 5AE Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 192, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1941); RAAF (Ballarat, Vic, 1942); instructor (Hampton, 1949; Bentleigh, 1954-1980)

===''HOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Hamilton Hood|Hood, John George Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G772-RK8] - 1904(NSW)-1971(Vic) - 3BP Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922); 3BP Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1933; Toorak, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 182, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (East St Kilda, 1925-1931); draughtsman (Toorak, 1934-1937; Malvern, 1943-1967)

===''HOOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel George Alfred Hooke|Hooke, Lionel George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NK-KDV] - 1895(Vic)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 3M? Melbourne - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 529, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator (Aurora, 1914, support Shackleton's expedition), radio clubs (IRE Aust), business (AWA, senior management), honours (knighted, 1937) - Electoral Rolls: wireless (Brighton, Vic, 1921-1927); business manager (Neutral Bay, 1933); manager (Killara, NSW, 1936-1972) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hooke-sir-lionel-george-alfred-10536 ADB]

===''HOOKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Theodore Hooker|Hooker, Walter Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1W-QB5] - 1901(St Kitts)-1949(Tas) - Licences: 7JH Hobart (New Town, 1933-1939); 7JH Waddamanna (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1161, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart North, 1922); electrical engineer (New Town, 1928); electrician (New Town, 1936); engineer (Waddamanna, 1937-1943)

===''HOOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Wallbank Hooper|Hooper, Allan Wallbank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8M-VJG] - 1898(SA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 432, 1919; 2COCP 8, 1929; 1COCP 127, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: unemployed (Manly, NSW, 1949); telegraphist (Little Bay, NSW, 1949; Yarra Bay, NSW, 1954-1958)

===''HOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyndsay Arthur Hope|Hope, Lyndsay Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYX-575] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Tas) - Licences: 7LA Launceston (1925-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 188, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; WW2; gave up experimental callsign for use by his Class B licence, 7LA Launceston - Relationships: brother of 7RS Ronald Springfield Hope - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Launceston, 1928); bank officer (Ulverstone, 1936); accountant (Scottsdale, 1949; Bridport, 1954-1972)
* [[/Ronald Springford Hope|Hope, Ronald Springford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTCW-PDG] - 1909(Tas)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 7RS Launceston (1926-1927); 7RS Hobart (City, 1931; Sandy Bay, 1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 263, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 75, 1932; ROCP N1832, 1976 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (designed &amp; constructed transmission systems for 7HO Hobart &amp; 7UV Ulverstone); later employed by STC England - Relationships: brother of 7LA Lyndsay Arthur Hope - Electoral Rolls: broadcast engineer (Queensborough, Tas, 1936); not specified (Finchley, Eng, 1936-1938); engineer (Thornleigh, NSW, 1949-1954); company director (Beecroft, NSW, 1958-1980)
===''HOPKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alfred Hopkins|Hopkins, Edward Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM4D-3QJ] - 1902(Tas)-1992(NSW) - Licences: Receive Moonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 4858, 1964 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Moonah, 1928); engineer (Milson's Point, 1936-1943); electrical engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1949-1954); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1958-1980)

===''HORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin John Horan|Horan, Kevin John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-FTZ] - 1912(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5DQ Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1931; Unley, 1933); 2AJU Broken Hill (1938-1939); 5DQ Adelaide (Flinders Park, 1947-1960; Grange, 1965-1969); 3ZD Melbourne (Glen Waverley, 1975); 5IT Adelaide (Fulham, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 672, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clovelly, NSW, 1943); manager (Glen Waverley, 1972-1977)

===''HORN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Horn|Horn, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS41-9K4] - 1909(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Tara (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2021, 1937, Qld; BOCP 578, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Somerset Dam, Qld, 1936-1937; Baralba, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); medical practitioner (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Irvan James Horn|Horn, Irvan James or James Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-GB6] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6JH Perth (City, 1928, 1937-1939); 3HX Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 427, 1928, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 29, 1935; 1COCP, 127, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Perth, WA, 1936-1937); wireless officer (Subiaco, WA, 1943); electrical contractor (Subiaco, WA, 1949); contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1949); electrical contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1963); retired (West Perth, WA, 1977; Subiaco, WA, 1980)
===''HORROCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Samuel Blake Horrocks|Horrocks, George Samuel Blake]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF94-19M] - 1911(WA)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 6GS Harvey (1932-1939, 1947-1948); 6GS Wagin (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 919, 1932, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1154, 1950; TVOCP 61, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Harvey, WA, 1936-1949); radio technician (Mt Lawley, WA, 1954); technician (Bentleigh North, Vic, 1963)

===''HOSKEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Dryden Hosken|Hosken, Arthur John Dryden]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6KH-BX8] - 1889(Eng)-1966(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 727, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Williamstown, 1914-1919); Amalgamated Wireless (Darwin, 1922)
* [[/Stanley Victor Hosken|Hosken, Stanley Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HWQ-MGG] - 1894(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3MP Receive Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3MP Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923-1924; Surrey Hills, 1925-1933; Broadmeadows, 1934-1939; St Albans, 1946-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1965; Mitcham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 6, 1924, No. 2 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (3AR, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hawthorn, 1919-1924); electrical engineer (Surrey Hills, Vic, 1925-1931); senior mechanic PMGD (3AR station, Broadmeadows, 1936-1937); civil servant (3AR Station, St Albans, 1942-1954); nil (Hawthorn, 1963-1967; Mitcham, 1968)
===''HOSKING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Piere Hosking|Hosking, Aubrey Piere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYV-D7R] - 1891(South Africa)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 376, 1918; 1COCP 117, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Townsville, 1919); telegraphist (South Yarra, Vic, 1921-1922); radio telegraphist (Canterbury, Vic, 1924); sales manager (Canterbury, Vic, 1925-1926; Balwyn, Vic, 1928; Lindfield, NSW, 1930-1963)
===''HOSKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stark Hoskins|Hoskins, John Stark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61K-FZ3] - 1891(NZ)-1987(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 147, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Claremont, WA, 1929)

===''HOWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Earl Stephen Howard|Howard, Earl Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMV-XQL] - 1895(Tas)-1938(Vic) - Licences: 7ET Hobart (Moonah, 1928-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 470, 1928, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922; Moonah, 1928-1936)
===''HOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Maxwell Howden|Howden, John Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH2L-7LN] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: 3ZCH Melbourne (Burwood, 1956; Box Hill 1960-1975); 3BQX Melbourne (Box Hill, 1980+) -  Qualifications: AOLCP 187, 1956; AOCP V610, 1979 - amateur operator - Relationships: son of 3BQ Walter Francis Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Walter Francis Maxwell Howden|Howden, Walter Francis Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G43K-1TC] - 1899(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: No 19 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1920); V140 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1921); 3BQ Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3BQ Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1927; Canterbury, 1928-1939 &amp; 1946-1975+); 3ABQ Melbourne (portable, &quot;Canterbury&quot;, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 114, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, first to QSO USA; first to QSO England, first on telegraphy, then telephony; journalist (Listener In); Bright Star Crystals 1930s-1950s; QSLs: substantial portion of QSL collection survives at NFSA (1800+) - Relationships: father of 3ZCH/3BQX John Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls: student (Box Hill, 1924-1927); wireless engineer (Ringwood, 1928); engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1954) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199611.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199612.pdf EA2]
===''HOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph Howe|Howe, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD83-QNG] - 1886(Irl)-1949(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 117, 1915; 1COCP 15, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Pinkenba, Qld, 1919; Moonah, Tas, 1922; New Town, Tas, 1928-1943)
* [[/Raymond Raine Howe|Howe, Raymond Raine &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHH-KJN] - 1919(Qld)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 4RH Bundaberg (1936-1939); 2ARH Sydney (Vaucluse, 1946-1955; Epping, 1956-1960); 3YH Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1812, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; 3AIR 1009, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); military (RAAF, career, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: Wireless Operator (Richmond, NSW, 1943); RAAF (Vaucluse, NSW, 1949); RAAF officer (Campbell, ACT, 1963); RAAF (Syndal, Vic, 1967); RAAF officer (Dickson, ACT, 1972-1977); retired (Narrawallee, NSW, 1980)

===''HOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Montague Howlett|Howlett, Arthur Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPZ-NWZ] - 1882(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 130, 1915; 2COCP 253, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Esperance, 1916); warrant officer R.A.N.R.S. (Thursday Island, 1919); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1925-1931; Clayfield, Qld, 1936); wireless operator (Clayfield, 1943-1954); retired (Clayfield, Qld, 1958)

===''HUBSHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lassalle Paul Hubsher|Hubscher or Hubsher, Lassalle Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWF-8DP] - 1913(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4UL Brisbane (Bulimba, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1578, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; Evans Deakin engineering - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); draftsman (Annerley, 1943-1968)

===''HUDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Hudson|Hudson, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4BR-1P4] - 1895(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XBO Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1913-1914); 2PO Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923); 2AR Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1922-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 18, 1924, No. 8 in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1963) - Comment: beware, several contemporaneous WHHs

===''HUEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Meredyth Huey|Huey, Richard Meredyth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WP-Y1Z] - 1913(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2HU Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1931; Cronulla, 1933-1937); 3UE Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1938-1939); 2AHU Sydney (Sylvania, 1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 437, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Cronulla, 1935-1937); army officer (Melbourne, 1943); engineer (West Pennant Hills, 1949; Pennant Hills, 1954; Edgecliff, 1958-1963; Sylvania, 1977-1980); retired (Mittagong, 1980)

===''HUGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Roy Huggins|Huggins, David Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDW3-LXL] - 1892(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: organ builder (Petersham, 1913); piano maker (Neutral Bay, 1930-1968); builder (Cremorne, 1972)
===''HUGHES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Alan Hughes|Hughes, Clive Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MV-3XQ] - 1900(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3CA Ararat (1927); 3CA Melbourne (Williamstown, 1931-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 343, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Williamstown, 1924-1928); schoolmaster (Williamstown, 1936-1963)
* [[/George Herbert Hughes|Hughes, George Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-4JB] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4HU Brisbane (Windsor, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1929, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: store keeper (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1937); branch manager (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); technician (Tarragindi, Qld, 1963-1980)
===''HUGO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald William Stuart Hugo|Hugo, Ronald William Stuart or Stewart (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-CLZ] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KW Perth (Subiaco, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Floreat Park, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2081, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Subiaco, WA, 1931-1934); salesman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1963); manager (Floreat Park, WA, 1968-1977)

===''HULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Galbraith Hull|Hull, Allan Galbraith &quot;Braith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-PTY] - 1905(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - journalist (Wireless Weekly, editor; Radio and Hobbies, editor 1939; Australasian Radio World, editor 1940-1950) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; 3JU Ross Amos Hull - Electoral Rolls: sales (St Kilda, Vic, 1926-1927); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1931); journalist (Northbridge, NSW, 1934; Bondi, NSW, 1935-1936); engineer (Rose Bay, 1937); manager (Malvern, 1942); journalist (Mornington, 1949); publisher (Sandringham, 1954); printer (Oakleigh, 1958-1963; Chadstone, 1967-1968; Glen Iris, 1972; Mt Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frederick Atherley Hull|Hull, Frederick Atherley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5M-MT9] - 1906(NZL)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6FH Pingrup (1930-1931); 6FH Port Hedland (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 6FH Perth (Claremont, 1960-1975; Nedlands, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CRPT 1139, 1929; 2COCP 271, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Perth, 1929); radio operator (Port Hedland, 1937-1954); unemployed (Claremont, 1958); technical officer (Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 6RH Raymond Alfred Hull
* [[/George Maxwell Hull|Hull, George Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LQ-S44] - 1916(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3ZS Melbourne (Canterbury, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2307, 1939, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Canterbury, 1943); proprietor (Canterbury, 1949-1980)
* [[/Raymond Alfred Hull|Hull, Raymond Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP1-BSL] - 1908(NZ)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6RH Pingrup (1929-1931); 6RH Perth (Wembley, 1937; Mt Hawthorn, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 558, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 590, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, 1934); traveller (Subiaco, 1949); sales director (Victoria Park, 1958-1963) - Relationships: brother of 6FH Frederick Atherley Hull
* [[/Ross Amos Hull|Hull, Ross Amos]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-P5W] - 1902(Vic)-1938(USA) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic Kew, president, 1923); journalist (Wireless Weekly, technical editor; QST, technical editor) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198902.pdf EA]
* [[/William Howard Hull|Hull, William Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7WJ-723] - 1891(Tas)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Relationships: brother of 3JU Ross Amos Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Cobungra, 1914-1915); engineer (Armadale, 1921; Brighton, 1922-1931; Caulfield, 1934-1949); retired (Beaconsfield Upper, 1954)

===''HUME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest James Hume|Hume, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYR-TZM] - 1869(Vic)-1929(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; son of James Hill Hume, father of Ernest Jeremy Hume
* [[/Ernest Jeremy Hume|Hume, Ernest Jeremy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-727] - 1906(SA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - chief engineer 5DN - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Unley, 1939-1941; Oakleigh, Vic, 1949-1963; Carnegie, 1968-1977) - Relationships: grandson of James Hill Hume, son of Ernest James Hume and Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy
* [[/Geoffrey Vincent Hume|Hume, Geoffrey Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQCL-NM1] - 1909(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2GV Sydney (Cremorne, 1927-1930); 2AMD Sydney (Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 365, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Neutral Bay, 1930-1936; Mosman, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942); clerk (Turramurra, 1949); technical assistant (Pymble, 1954-1980)
* [[/James Hill Hume|Hume, James Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-SLD] - 1822(??)-1887(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - alleged very early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: father of Ernest James Hume; father-in-law of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; grandfather of Ernest Jeremy Hume 
* [[/Stella Leonora Harriet Jeremy|Hume nee Jeremy, Stella Leonora Harriet]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-33D] - 1882(Vic)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil -  radio announcer (early 5DN) - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Ernest James Hume; daughter-in-law of James Hill Hume; mother of Ernest Jeremy Hume
===''HUMPHRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] - See Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood 4JH
* [[/Jack Lawrence Humphry|Humphry, Jack Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7M] - 1889(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JK Poopoonbah via Giru (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1349, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Husband of 4JH Innis Jane Lovett Humphry nee Spotswood - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Hodel, Ayr, Qld, 1912-1937; Poopoonbah, 1949-1954)
===''HUNT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Alexander Hunt|Hunt, Joseph Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-9MM] - 1912(WA)-2002(WA) - Licences: 6JA Perth (Maylands, 1938-1939); 6JD Perth (Rockingham, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2112, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, WA, 1936; Maylands, WA, 1937-1949); retired (Rockingham, WA, 1972)

===''HUPPATZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Huppatz|Huppatz, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWTP-DF5] - 1900(Vic)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5GW Cowandilla (1931-1933); 5GW Naracoorte (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 801, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Naracoorte, SA, 1939); engineer (Cowandilla, 1941-1943)

===''HURLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Hurll|Hurll, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXC-BFF] - 1904(NSW)-2003(Qld, 98yo) - Licences: 2BC Sydney (Killara, 1924-1930); 4NJ Tallebudgera Creek (1931-1935); 2HJ Sydney (Killara, 1935-1937; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2IN?/2DKH Sydney (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 96, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, CMF, CINT), business proprietor (Gas Light Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Killara, 1930); merchant (Killara, 1936-1937); soldier (Strathfield, 1943); company manager (Burwood, 1949-1963); Managing Director (Killara, 1968); Director (Killara, 1972-1980)

===''HURRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Bruce Hurry|Hurry, Ronald Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-G1C] - 1911(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 693, 1930, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster?, electrical engineer, teacher - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HUSBAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Errol Husband|Husband, Norman Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6F7-N7B] - 1893(Qld)-1961(NSW) - Licences: XABY Sydney (North Sydney, 1913-1914); 4CV Receive Charters Towers (1923); 4CV Charters Towers (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Charters Towers, 1917-1922; Mackay, 1925-1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1949-1958)

===''HUTCHINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings|Hutchings, Allan Thomas Edwards]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-2TM] - 1903(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HL Receive Callawadda (1922-1923); 3HL Callawadda (1924-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of 3HM Elizabeth Lilian Hutchings nee Edwards; brother of 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Callawadda, 1927-1972)
* [[/Elizabeth Lilian Edwards| Hutchings nee Edwards, Elizabeth Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-25T] - 1877(Vic)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 3HM Callawadda (1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 509, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1926-1942) - Relationships: mother of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings and 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - First woman in Australia to hold an amateur licence under the AOCP regime - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1925-1942) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Marjorie Lilian Hutchings|Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB52-GSC] - 1912(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Callawadda (1932-1939; 1946-1948); 3HQ Melbourne (Bentleigh, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1030, 1932, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: daughter of 3HM Elizabeth Lillian Hutchings nee Edwards; sister of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Callawadda, 1934-1937); nurse (Alfred Hospital, Prahran, 1943); home duties (Callawadda, 1949; Bentleigh, 1949-1968) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''HUTCHINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Elwood Hutchinson|Hutchinson, Charles Elwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-S6J] - 1894(Vic)-1942(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 728, 1922; 2COCP 278, 1930; 1COCP 307, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Esperance, 1919); radio telegraphist (Darwin, NT, 1922); telegraphist (Esperance, 1925-1931); radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1936-1937; Alberton, SA, 1939; Yatala, SA, 1941)
* [[/John Victor Thomas Hutchison|Hutchison, John Victor Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89S-PY2] - 1907(NZ)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2JH Sydney (Kirribilli, 1927-1937; West Ryde, 1938-1939; Croydon, 1946-1955; Bardwell Park, 1956-1965; Castle Cove, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 374, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1010, 1928 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Milson's Point, 1930-1937); laboratory assistant (Croydon, 1943-1949); radio technician (Bardwell Park, 1958-1968)
===''HUTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Hutson|Hutson, James William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-Z6J] - 1912(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Echuca (1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 635, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon
===''HUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Hutton|Hutton, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-JXG] - 1912(Sct)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Abermain (1929-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 551, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abermain, 1934-1963; Klworth, 1972-1977); retired (Klworth, 1980)

===''HYLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Philip Hyland|Hyland, Leonard Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8N6-XLK] - 1903(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: 7LP Hobart (City, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1791, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 271, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Hobart Central, 1928) - Comment: Passed on Duty; Gone too soon - Links: [https://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/tasmania-fire-service-chief-chris-arnol-urges-everyone-to-reflect-on-the-selflessness-of-firefighters-in-the-pursuit-of-public-safety/news-story/59c6315bbf383ef9bb4e270d60cd9296 Mercury]

=='''I'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''IKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Ikin|Ikin, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWFZ-C37] - 1887(NSW)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 4SM Townsville (1925-1926); 4SM Brisbane (New Farm, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 201, 1925, No. 18 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (dealer licence); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanical engineer (Gladstone, 1913); engineer &amp; electrician (Barcaldine, 1914); manager (Strand Motors, Townsville, 1925); motor mechanic (Mt Garnet, 1937-1949; Cardwell, 1949); farmer (Mareeba, 1954-1972)

===''INGLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Stanley Inglis|Inglis, Kenneth Stanley]] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - historian (ABC); &quot;This is the ABC&quot;; &quot;Whose ABC?&quot; - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Ken Inglis|Wikipedia]] [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1031461X.2018.1493961 Obit]

===''IRELAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Keith Ireland|Ireland, Leslie Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRMD-BPV] - 1908(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5KR Mt Gambier (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 950, 1927; AOLCP 60, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633509 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1721431 AWM]; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ireland-leslie-keith-47849/ AHM]

===''IRESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melville Charles Gladstone Ireson|Ireson, Melville Charles Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZT-ML6] - 1898(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3ZY Kyneton (1931-1933); 3AIR Kyneton (1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 305, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Maldon, 1919); telegraphist (Ballarat, 1925); postal employee (Kyneton, 1931-1954)

===''IRVINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Irvine|Irvine, William]] - 1907(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4IR Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1987, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WIs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''IRVING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Lawson Irving|Irving, Cyril Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-65R] - 1912(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4WL Brisbane (Annerley, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1199, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1980)

===''ISLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Clifford Isles|Isles, James William Clifford &quot;Clifford&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBVH-RV1] - 1894(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CC Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1922); 4CC Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (QWI); business proprietor (Isles Love &amp; Co, Allan &amp; Stark); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1915-1937); manager (Hamilton, 1943-1958); director (Hamilton, 1963)
===''ISRAEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Samuel Israel|Israel, Morris Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-CBC] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XMU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913); 3ZN Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924; Malvern, 1925-1926; Burwood, 1927); 3ZN Geelong, 1931-1933; 3ZN Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 13, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 35, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcasting executive; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (St Kilda, 1919-1924); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1926-1928); broadcasting engineer (Geelong, 1931); engineer (Geelong North, 1936; Camberwell, 1937-1963);

===''IVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Albert Ives|Ives, Cecil Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-848] - 1916(SA)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 5AF Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1451, 1935, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: commercial artist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ives-cecil-albert-300407/]

=='''J'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''JACKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil Jackson|Jackson, Alfred Cecil &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDLP-F65] - 1900(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4AJ Brisbane (Fairfield, 1931); 2BO Bangalow (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 620, 1921; 1COCP 67, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG, Brisbane Cmcls); state public servant (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Fairfield, Qld, 1928-1931); farmer (Possum Creek, NSW, 1934-1937); mechanic (Fairfield, Qld, 1943-1954); farmer (O'Possum Creek via Bangalow, NSW, 1958-1963)
* [[/Alfred George Jackson|Jackson, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY5P-2X1] - 1864(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: 4DG Receive Brisbane (Wynnum, Qld, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; radio clubs (WIQ, QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer - Relationships: father of Arthur Appleton Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1903-1913); electrician (Wynnum, Qld, 1914-1934)
* [[/Arthur Appleton Jackson|Jackson, Arthur Appleton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY55-M8F] - 1891(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer; business proprietor; Relationships: son of Alfred George Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Wynnum, Qld, 1913-1914; Morningside, Qld, 1915-1919; Wynnum, Qld, 1919; South Brisbane, Qld, 1921-1968); retired (Hill End, Qld, 1972; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1977; Hopetoun Home, Oxley, Qld, 1980)
* [[/James William Jackson|Jackson, James William &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7FH-JCW] - 1916(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4CN Brisbane (Cribb Island, 1938-1939; 1946-1969; Lawnton, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2096, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); military (WW2,Northern Command Signals); farmer/electrician/radio &amp; TV serviceman - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cribb Island, Qld, 1937-1968); rubber worker (Lawnton, Qld 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Jackson|Jackson, Thomas William]] - 1830(Eng)-1918(Vic) - Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria ca 1880, clubs &amp; societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, ca 1880)

===''JAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Russell James|James, Brian Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLV-GXV] - 1920(SA)-1944(Europe) - Licences: 5BL Adelaide (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2293, 1939, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 76 Squadron RAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://highgate-rsl.org.au/afcraaf-roll/james-brian-russell-417490/]
* [[/Hector Keith James|James, Hector Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-WVL] - 1905(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2XA Receive Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923); 2XA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Ashfield, 1934; Double Bay, 1935-1936; Coogee, 1937-1938; Woollahra, 1939; Summer Hill, 1948-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 183, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Summer Hill, 1930-1933), engineer (Edgecliff, 1936; Ashfield, 1949; Summer Hill, 1943-1963)
* [[/Herbert Ronald James|James, Herbert Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-1SM] - 1904(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Birchip (1931-1933); 3LH Drouin (1938-1939); 7LH Western Junction (1947); 7LH Launceston (1948); 3AJJ Melbourne (Deepdene, 1954); 3AJJ Lubeck (1955-1956); 3AJJ Braeside (1960); 3AJJ Rupanyup (1965-1969); 3AJJ Nowa Nowa (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 813, 1931, Vic; BOCP 17, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Merbein, 1925); fitter &amp; turner (Merbein, 1928-1931); radio engineer (Merbein, 1936); technician (Western Junction, Tas, 1949); radio engineer (Deepdene, 1954); technician (Rupanyup, 1963-1968); retired (Nowa Nowa, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. James|James, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZE via Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Thomas Reynolds James|James, Thomas Reynolds]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, worked on original Melbourne-Williamstown telegraph line 1854, later in charge of Melbourne Telegraph Office, but transferred to inspectorial work in 1879 due to disorganisation, reinstated in 1880)
===''JAMIESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Jamieson|Jamieson, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4SY-YNQ] - 1896(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: XJW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 3CJ Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1926); 3XX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 130, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1921-1925); mechanic (Malvern, 1926-1968)
* [[/John Edward Jamieson|Jamieson, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-M43] - 1910(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6LA Perth (Beaconsfield, 1930-1933); 6LA Kalgoorlie (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 673, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1936-1937); salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1943); radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954)

===''JANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Harold Jansen|Jansen, Claud or Claude Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-9TN] - 1890(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: V751 Receive Yarrawonga (1922); 3GW Receive Yarrawonga (1922)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: printer (Yarrawonga, 1913-1922); linotype engineer (Yarrawonga, 1924-1931); printer (Shepparton, 1934-1937); linotype operator (Albury, 1937-1949); engineer (Albury, 1954-1968)

===''JARDINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Jardine|Jardine, William Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZC-T63] - 1911(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3PR Melbourne (Essendon, 1929-1933); 3PR Leongatha (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 533, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 108, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Craigieburn, 1934); dairy farmer (Leongatha, 1937-1954); salesman (Leongatha, 1963-1980)
===''JARMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Arthur Jarman|Jarman, Oswald Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-K6Y] - 1894(SA)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 162, 1915; 1COCP 37, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1921-1922); telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1928); supervisor (Bentley, Vic, 1931-1954)
===''JARVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jack Edwin Jarvis|Jarvis, Vincent Jack Edwin &quot;Victor&quot;, &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2K-6FP] - 1912(WA)-1941(Libya) - licences: 2VJ Orange (1930-1933), 2VJ Dubbo (1934), 2VJ Wellington (1935-1936), 2VJ Bathurst (1937), 2VJ Griffith (1938-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 695, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 46, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (2VJ Wellington), broadcast engineer (2BS, 2RG), WW2 (RAAF, Rathmines Flying Boats Base, Palestine, Egypt, Libya) - electoral rolls: radio mechanic (Wellington, 1936), radio engineer (Bathurst, 1937), wireless operator (Rathmines, 1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633817]

===''JEFFRYES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Harry Jeffryes|Jeffryes, Sydney Harry]] - 1884(Qld)-19??(???) - X?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), ship's wireless operator, member of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-1914
===''JEFFS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jeffs|Jeffs, Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-4M8] - 1912?(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4VJ Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1933; City, 1934-1939, 1946; Gordon Park, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 753, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio cub (WIAQ, life member, lecturer, code instructor, field days, JOTA, conventions, operator 4WI); business proprietor (Jeffs Radio) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1934; New Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1937); radio manufacturer (New Farm, Qld, 1943); salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1949); businessman (Gordon Park, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''JENNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Jenner|Jenner, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Y9-64Z] - 1877(Eng)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 7BM Receive Premaydena (1923); Receive Premaydena (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 2ABM John Ingoldsby Jenner - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Lindisfarne, 1914); orchardist (Koonya, 1919-1928); Xray technician (Double Bay, NSW, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935)
* [[/John Ingoldsby Jenner|Jenner, John Ingoldsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKY4-7S2] - 1904(Eng)-1980(???) - Licences: 2ABM Sydney (Maroubra, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1194, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 7BM John Henry Jenner - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Haberfield, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935); telephone engineer (Maroubra, 1937); engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1954; Revesby, 1968); retired (Turramurra, 1972); engineer (Revesby, 1980)
===''JENNISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Jennison|Jennison, Joseph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS7-316] - 1899(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 2JJ Mathoura (1928-1939); 2MX Mathoura (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 414, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Mathoura, 1930-1949; Echuca, 1954; Deniliquin, 1958); nil (Echuca, 1963) (Licences in the name of his father John William Jennison but most likely son was operator, father passed in 1942)
===''JENSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jens August Jensen|Jensen, Jens August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQM-1MX] - 1865(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Minister for Navy (1915-1917) - Comment: famously dismissed for corruption in respect of purchase of Shaw Wireless Works in 1916 - Electoral Rolls: licensed victualler (Beauty Point, Tas, 1914-1919); orchardist (Beauty Point, Tas, 1919-1922); no occupation (Elsternwick, Vic, 1936) - Links: [[w:Jens_Jensen_(politician)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/jensen-jens-august-6840 ADB]
* [[/Laurence Richard Hopkins Jensen|Jensen, Laurence or Lawrence Richard Hopkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-MJ1] - 1906(Tas)-1974(Tas) - Licences: 7BL Receive West Devonport (1923); Receive West Devonport (1923-1924); 7LJ Launceston (1925-1939, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 78, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 215, 1939; 1AOCP 9, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (New Town, 1928); teacher (New Town, 1936-1972)

===''JENVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, Henry Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QJ-7TS] - 1851(Eng)-1932(Vic) - Licences: AA Melbourne 1900; X?? Melbourne - early wireless experimenter, arguably his use of the identifier AA was the first use of an Australian callsign; arguably Australia's first amateur operator as the majority of his experiments were self-funded and in his own time - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - employment (Vic P &amp; T; PMGD) - Relationships: father of 3WW William Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Brighton, 1909); public servant (Caulfield East, 1919-1931)
* [[/William Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, William Walter &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QV-9GL] - 1904(Vic)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 3AY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927; Ormond, 1931-1938); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1939); 3AY Melbourne (Ormond, 1947); 2ZO Sydney (Willoughby, 1948-1969); 2ZO Noosa Heads (1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 824, 1924; 1COCP 68, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of Henry Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1926-1927); operator (Bentleigh, Vic, 1931-1937); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943; Willoughby, NSW, 1949-1968); engineer (Willoughby, NSW, 1972); nil (Nelligen, NSW, 1977; Noosa Heads, Qld, 1980)

===''JERRARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Joseph Jerrard|Jerrard, Frederick Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB43-BKT] - 1899(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4DR Receive Gayndah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Gayndah, 1921-1930); motor mechanic (Gayndah, 1936-1937); engineer (Indooroopilly, 1943-1963)

===''JESSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick Ferman Jessop|Jessop, Patrick Ferman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QN-8HV] - 19??(Eng?)-19??(Qld?) - Licences: 4PJ Kamma (1925-1927); 4PJ Cairns (Hambledon, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (England?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1(RFC) - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Edmonton, 1922-1930); weigh bridge clerk (Hambledon, 1936-1943)
===''JEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Jewell|Jewell, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYD-YH1] - 1905(WA)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6CA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1927); 6JJ Kalgoorlie (1930-1931); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 876, 1925; 1COCP 129, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Victoria Park, WA, 1931-1937); radio inspector (Victoria Park, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949); inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1954-1963)

===''JOHNSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Johnson|Johnson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD7-X12] - 1921(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4PX Brisbane (Hendra, 1938-1939; Ascot, 1946-1948; Hendra, 1954-1975), 4PX Buddina Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2093, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF, Signals) - Comment: Several contemporaneous AJs - Electoral Rolls: Commonwealth public servant (Hendra, Qld, 1968) + others
* [[/Carl Francis Johnson|Johnson, Carl Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH8T-HSH] - 1899(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); 7AR Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 218, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: federal servant (West Hobart, 1922-1954)
* [[/Edward Norman Johnson|Johnson, Edward Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM4W-MLQ] - 1886(Vic)-1960(USA) - Licences: Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3ZO Warrnambool (1923-1924); 3ZO Horsham (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (East Melbourne, 1909); manager (Wonthaggi, 1914); draper (Newtown, 1917); traveller (Geelong, 1919)
* [[/H. B. Johnson|Johnson, H. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6HB Perth (Leederville, 1926); 5HB Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 252, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - common surname, individual not yet identified
* [[/Ivo Uric Johnson|Johnson, Ivo Uric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VV-H8S] - 1903(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4KL Cairns (1933-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 813, 1924; 2COCP 668, 1942; 1COCP 655, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cairns, Qld, 1936-1963) 
* [[/Joseph Murray Johnson|Johnson, Joseph Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YM-M5N] - 1889(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 113, 1915; 1COCP 200, 1931 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Geraldton, 1915-1917); radio expert (Lane Cove, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1936; Caulfield, 1937); engineer (Longueville, NSW, 1943-1949); manager (Turramurra, 1954-1963); retired (Strathfield, 1963; Port Macquarie, NSW, 1968-1977; Wauchope/Yrrs, 1980)

===''JOHNSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Brint Johnston|Johnston, Norman Brint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-K7F] - 1913(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6NJ Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1933; Subiaco, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 642, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Subiaco, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Maylands, 1943-1968; Mt Lawley, 1972-1977)
* [[/Robert Walter Johnston|Johnston, Robert Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDS-FHJ] - 1914(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4LQ Brisbane (Petrie Terrace, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1270, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1936-1937); no occupation (Ingleburn, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1963)
* [[/William David Johnston|Johnston, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-3RY] - 1909(Irl)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2YZ Sydney (Ryde, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Gladesville, 1950; Matraville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 616, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 323, 1931; 1COCP 398, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Ryde, 1930-1943); radio engineer (Gladesville, 1949; Matraville, 1954-1980)

===''JOHNSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Johnstone|Johnstone, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HJ Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JONASSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Peter Jonasson|Jonasson, Roy Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KPW-ZL1] - 1908(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4NG Alberton (1931-1933); 7NG Derwent Park (1937-1939); 3ND Castlemaine (1946-1969); 9NG, PNG; 4NE Brisbane (Kingston, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 827, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, QRP Club, RAAF Wireless Reserve, Qld Listeners' League); employment (Qld State Electricity Commission) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Castlemaine, 1942-1972); retired (Kingston, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''JONES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Ernest Jones|Jones, Alfred Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61R-CTW] - 1894(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 241, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Comment: not all electoral roll entries identified, several contemporaneous AEJs; Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1917-1922)
* [[/David William Jones|Jones, David William]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DJ Brisbane (Chelmer, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 683, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous DWJs - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Chelmer, 1925-1931); engineer (Holland Park, 1958)? 
* [[/Lancelot Cyril Jones|Jones, Lancelot Cyril &quot;Lance&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L3-2LS] - 1891(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: XVB Adelaide (Hawthorn, 1913-1914); 5BQ Adelaide (Westbourne Park, 1923-1924); 5DN Adelaide (City, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; co-founder 5DN commercial Adelaide - Electoral Rolls: manager (Broadway Estate, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Edward Jones|Jones, Raymond Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL9R-FLM] - 1900(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3RJ Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1928; Box Hill, 1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 407, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Newmarket, 1921); public servant (Ascot Vale, 1922-1924); telegraphist (Box Hill, 1931-1943); supervisor (Box Hill, 1949-1963); retired (Box Hill, 1968-1980)
* [[/Stanley William Jones|Jones, Stanley William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-BPL] - 1917(Vic)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 3SF Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1953, 1937, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Signalman, 6 Division Signals) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1687469] (beware, another Stanley William Jones died in WW2, Flight Sergeant, 626 Squadron)
* [[/Walter Henry Jones|Jones, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NB-Z8F] - 1914(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2PY Sydney (Marrickville, 1930-1933); 2RS Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1939); 2WP Sydney (Bexley, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 652, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 57, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Bexley North, 1949-1972); telegraphist (Bexley North, 1977-1980); Beware: Another contemporaneous Walter Henry Jones in Sydney b.1915 m.Edith
* [[/W. R. Jones|Jones, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EK Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JORDAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Jordan|Jordan, James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHL-VNQ] - 1903(Sct)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4JJ Ipswich (1933); 4JJ Bundaberg (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1162, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); senior military (RAAF, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: striker (West Ipswich, Qld, 1932); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1934-1937)
* [[/Robert Jordan|Jordan, Robert]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 4, 1914, No. 4 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - coastal station operator?
===''JUDD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Harvey Judd|Judd, Clarence Harvey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVF-9XS] - 1920(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5HQ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3374, 1953, Qld - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Oswald William Judd|Judd, Oswald William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVX-X56] - 1896(SA)-1934(SA) - Licences: XVF Adelaide (North Norwood, 1913); Receive Adelaide (Payneham, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

=='''K'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''KANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leslie Kane|Kane, John Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1985(Qld), 4ZZ Roma, amateur operator (AOCP 2335, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), senior state public servant (Qld Railways)
===''KAUFMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Donald Kaufman|Kaufman, Samuel Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6X-937] - 1904(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2SK Sydney (Belmore, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 448, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Belmore, 1933-1980)
===''KAUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Alexis Kauper|Kauper, Henry or Heinrich Alexis &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXZ-WYQ] - 1888(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Licences: S643 Adelaide (1921-1922); 5BG Adelaide (Dulwich, 1923-1926; Tusmore, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 97, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; inventor - Electoral Rolls: chauffer (Willaura, Vic, 1910); engineer (Richmond, Vic, 1931-1937) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kauper-henry-alexis-harry-6898 ADB]
===''KAYESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Kayess|Kayess, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYG-NHD] - 1892(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Cooktown, 1917); engineer (Hendra, Qld, 1919); engine driver (Charleville, Qld, 1921); mechanic (Mossman, 1925); motor mechanic (Watchem, Vic, 1928); auto engineer (Dulwich Hill, NSW, 1930); garage manager (New Lambton, NSW, 1930; Foveaux, NSW, 1933); engineer (Forest Lodge, NSW, 1935-1937); labourer (Darlinghurst, 1937; Glenmore, NSW, 1943); mechanical engineer trainee (Haberfield, NSW, 1949); engineer (Manly North, NSW, 1958)

===''KEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Patrick James Keane|Keane, John Patrick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V5-P25] - 1903(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JN Cessnock (1930-1936; 2JN Sydney (Bexley, 1937-1939; McMahons Point, 1946-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 698, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Darling Harbour, 1930); clerk (Cessnock, 1931-1932; Newcastle, 1934; Bexley, 1935-1937; McMahons Point, 1943-1949; North Sydney, 1958-1963)
===''KEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Keast|Keast, Leslie John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2QP-J6X] - 1886(SA)-1957(WA) - Journalist (Wireless Weekly; shortwave editor, Australasian Radio World, 1940-1951; Radio &amp; Hobbies), professional monitor (OWI/VOA, WW2), silent era cinematographer - Electoral Rolls: licensed victuallar (Royal Hotel, Bowral, 1933-1934); ex-hotelkeeper (Coogee, 1935); clerk (Randwick North, 1936-1937); sales manager (Carlingford, 1943); organising secretary (Ermington, 1949-1958)

===''KEDDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Robert Keddie|Keddie, Phillip Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-1T7] - 1921(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5KZ Adelaide (Woodville Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1882, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: AMF (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)

===''KELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Edward Kells|Kells, Alfred Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTMT-7D3] - 1900(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 2430 Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Moonee Ponds, 1921-1925); mechanic (Essendon, 1928-1954)

===''KELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Wainwright Kelly|Kelly, Alexander Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP6-G6V] - 1908(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Largs Bay (1923); Receive Largs Bay (1923); 5AW Lyndoch (1927-1939); 5XO Loxton (1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 358, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur Broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: winemaker (Berri, 1939-1943)
* [[/Ross Donaldson Kelly|Kelly, Ross Donaldson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7BG-2PR] - 1906(SA)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5LW Adelaide (Unley, 1937-1939; Hazelwood Park, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2032, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assurance agent (Dulwich, 1941-1943)

===''KELSO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham Kelso|Kelso, Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXH-9DH] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EL Receive Brisbane (Nundah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1958); technician (Brisbane, Qld, 1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''KEMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Kemble|Kemble, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8WY] - 1915(SA)-1939(WA) - Licences: 6FJ Katanning (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1673, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith's striker (Katanning, WA, 1937)

===''KEMP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Kemp|Kemp, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-PYS] - 1910(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4YA Yangan - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1466, 1935, Qld; BOCP 110, 1937; 2COCP 123, 1937; 1COCP 163, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Swanfels, Qld, 1936-1937); radio technician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Joseph Edward Kemp|Kemp, Joseph Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-NWV] - 1918(Tas)-1991(WA) - Licences: 7RZ Devonport (1937-1939); 7RZ Launceston (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1847, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Como, 1949); radio officer (Esperance, 1954-1958; Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''KEMPSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Kempster|Kempster, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVPC-NHM] - 1900(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: 5KM Darwin (1929-1931); 8KM Darwin (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 543, 1929, No. ?? in NT - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Fullarton, 1934); supervisor (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''KENNA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Francis Kenna|Kenna, Vernon Francis &quot;Vern&quot; / &quot;Marconi&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1D-4ZV] - 1908(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 4DE Receive Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1924); 4FK Brisbane (Hamilton, 1926-1939); 2JR Sydney (Middle Cove, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 301, 1926, No. 29 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (PMGD); radiocommunications engineer; senior public servant (PMG, ABC2); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1954); engineer (Balwyn, Vic, 1963; Killara, 1963; Middle Cove, 1968-1972; Willoughby, 1977-1980)
===''KENNEDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Kennedy|Kennedy, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKD-8Q7] - 1874(Vic)-1945(SA) - Licences: XYD Perth (City, 1913-1914); 6AM Perth (Mt Lawley, 1923-1927); 5AM Adelaide (City, 1928; Unley, 1931; New Parkside, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; senior federal public servant (PMG, concluding as Deputy Postmaster-General SA); WW1 - Awards: Imperial Service Order - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, 1903; Mt Lawley, 1910-1921); State Engineer (Maylands, 1925-1926); civil servant (New Parkside, 1939-1943)
* [[/M. Kennedy|Kennedy, M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EP Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Walter Donald Kennedy|Kennedy, Walter Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBRG-1WB] - 1869(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1926; Willoughby, 1927-1929); 2WK Helensburgh (1930-1933); 2WK Sydney (East Sydney, 1934); 2WK Wallerawang (1935); 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1936-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 121, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Murrumburrah, 1913; Helensburgh, 1930-1932); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); clerk in Holy Orders (Rockdale, 1936-1949)

===''KENNY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Francis Kenny|Kenny, Edmund Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MB-R3M] - 1903(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2EK Sydney (Lewisham, 1927-1928; Croydon, 1929; Ryde, 1930-1931; Granville, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2EK Wentworthville (1950-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 373, 1927, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1930); clerk (West Ryde, 1930-1933); engineer (Granville, 1935-1949); radio engineer (Wentworthville, 1954-1968); engineer (Wentworthville, 1972-1977)

===''KEOGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Keogh|Keogh, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJ4-H7G] - 19??(???)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2ZA Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923); 2ZA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923; Stanmore, 1924-1925); licensed operator 2AG Grace Bros Broadway  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Randwick North, 1943-1958)

===''KERBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Thomas John Kerby|Kerby, Edwin Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM72-SFL] - 1888(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 7EK Ringarooma (1932-1939); 3KK Melbourne (Auburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 940, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 (Major) - Awards: Military Star 1914-1915; British War Medal, Victory Medal; MBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Ballarat, 1909); restaurant keeper (Brunswick, 1914); electrical engineer (Richmond, 1914-1917); grazier (Ballarat, 1919); farmer (Linton, 1922); grazier (Fawkner, 1924-1925); engineer (St Kilda, 1943; Auburn, 1949-1968) - Links: [[w:Edwin Kerby|Wikipedia]]
===''KERMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Kermond|Kermond, Leslie John &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W7-Y88] - 1912(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Warrnambool (1928-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 417, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 182, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Warrnambool, 1936-1937); engineer (Swan Hill, 1942); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1949-1980)

===''KERNICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Edwin Kernick|Kernick, Percy Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX7S-JW1] - 1888(NSW)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6PK Perth (South Perth, 1927-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 378, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Sandstone/Mt Magnet, 1910); telegraphist (Brown Hill/Kalgoorlie, 1917; South Perth, 1925-1963)
===''KERR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dixon Kerr|Kerr, Alfred Dixon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-ZKF] - 1910(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AL Ballarat (1926-1939, 1946-1960); 3JQ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 284, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 18, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968); retired (Hawthorn, 1977)
* [[/Roy Kerr|Kerr, Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-SBX] - 1917(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4DK Winton (1937-1939); 4DK Brisbane (Tingalpa, 1946-1951) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1941, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Relationships: brother of Vernon Lester Kerr 4LK - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Vernon Lester Kerr|Kerr, Vernon Lester &quot;Vern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-MCW] - 1912(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4LK Winton (1932-1933); 4LK Cloncurry (1937-1939, 1946-1948); 4LK Charters Towers (1954-1969); 4LK Charleville (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 800, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; COCP 1941, amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, Soc Wireless Pioneers USA); employment (RFDS, technical officer / controller / announcer) - Relationships: brother of Roy Kerr 4DK - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Charters Towers, Qld, 1954-1977); technician (Charleville, Qld, 1977)
===''KHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kullandar Jallander Khan|Khan, Kullandar Jallander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX89-VLY] - 1916(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4QA Cairns (1937-1939, 1947); 4DC Cairns (1948-1960); 4DC Brisbane (New Farm, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1979, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 4QA may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 4QA Cairns - Electoral Rolls: picture theatre operater (Cairns, Qld, 1943); radio serviceman (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); tv technician (New Farm, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''KIDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian McIvor Kidman|Kidman, Ian McIvor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD7Q-7N2] - 1915(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5JK Naracoorte (1933-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1163, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''KILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Harold Kilby|Kilby, Raymond Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-9VD] - 1918(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7RK Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1461, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1568, 1957; 1COCP 1862, 1958; 2COCP T1, 1977 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: upholsterer (Launceston, 1943-1972)

===''KILGARIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Kilgariff|Kilgariff, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-XBD] - 1886(NSW)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5JT Adelaide (Burnside, 1937-1939; Erindale, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1884, 1937, SA; 2COCP 325, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Boulder, WA, 1910-1912); builder (Alice Springs, NT, 1934; Burnside, SA, 1939); RAAF (Leabrook, SA, 1943)

===''KILSBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Wilbur Kilsby|Kilsby, Keith Wilbur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCHP-4ZS] - 1912(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5PR Moorak (1933); 5PR Birdwood (1938); 5PR Wiltyerong via Murray Bridge (1947); 5PR Mingary via Murray Bridge (1948); 5PR Murray Bridge (1954); 5PR Adelaide (Payneham, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 419, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Birdwood, SA, 1939; Wiltyerong, SA, 1941-1943);

===''KING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Calvert King|King, Charles Calvert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQT-4R1] - 1885(Eng)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 105, 1915; 2COCP 155, 1930 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1914); warrant telegraphist (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1921-1925); music teacher (Randwick, NSW, 1930); musician (Clovelly, 1931; Rose Bay, 1932-1933); librarian (Woollahra, 1934); salesman (Bondi, NSW, 1935); Model Maker (Watson's Bay, 1936-1937)
* [[/Fred Esmond King|King, Fred Esmond (Electoral Rolls)  or Esmonde (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-81C] - 1896(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CQ Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Bulliwallah, Qld, 1919-1963)
* [[/Frederick Venn King|King, Frederick Venn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJHN-MV3] - 1888(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Cunnamulla (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1909); grazier (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1913-1921); not stated (Warrambah Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1925); grazier (Barrington Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1930-1954); retired (Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''KINGWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hercules Kingwell|Kingwell, William Hercules]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB)
===''KINSELLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Thomas Kinsella|Kinsella, Hector Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-XN9] - 1912(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6HK Perth (Hollywood, 1930; East Perth, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 641, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (South Perth, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1943); pharmacist (Perth, 1949; Narrogin, 1954-1958; Applecross, 1963; Ardross, 1968-1972; Booragoon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Wade Kinsella|Kinsella, Thomas Wade]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8P2-TSG] - 1904(Vic)-2001(NSW)96yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Lubeck (1923); 3TK Lubeck (1924-1926); 3TK Rupanyup (1937-1939); 2FK Sydney (Rose Bay, 1946; Herne Bay, 1947; Sans Souci, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1992, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 532, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lubeck, 1927-1936); RAN (Sans Souci, 1949-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3AKW William Jennings Kinsella
* [[/William Jennings Kinsella|Kinsella, William Jennings]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PG-S8S] - 1914(Vic)-2011(Vic) - Licences: 3AKW Lubeck (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 498, 1943; 2AOCP 55, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Magdala, Lubeck, 1936-1972; Lubeck, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3TK-2FK Thomas Wade Kinsella
===''KINZBRUNNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Charles Kinzbrunner|Kinzbrunner, Harry Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-SZM] - 1903(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4HK Cloncurry (1929-1931); 4HK Mareeba (1933); 4HK Tully (1937-1939); 4HK Atherton (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 474, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), employment (Australian Inland Mission, QATB) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Malanda, 1937); electrical engineer (Ashgrove, 1943); radio mechanic (Atherton, 1943); refrigeration &amp; electrical contractor (Atherton, 1949-1972); electrical contractor (Atherton, 1977-1980)

===''KIRBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ewan Russell Kirby|Kirby, Ewan Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4R1-4J7] - 1885(Tas)-1947(Tas) - Licences: XZB Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; First set 1909 communicated with M. Harvey; employed Hydro-electric Dept - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1914-1919); engineer (Hobart West, 1922-1936)
===''KIRKBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Kirkby|Kirkby, Brian]] - historian (early wireless experimenters, Edward Hope Kirkby, Archibald John Shaw), great grandson of Edward Hope Kirkby
* [[/Charles Edward Kirkby|Kirkby, Charles Edward]] - 1886(Vic)-1954(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of George Gill Kirkby
* [[/Edward Hope Kirkby|Kirkby, Edward Hope]] - 1853(At sea)-1915(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, father of George Gill Kirkby and Charles Edward Kirkby
* [[/George Gill Kirkby|Kirkby, George Gill]] - 1884(Vic)-1916(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of Charles Edward Kirkby
===''KIRKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Basil Everald Wharton Kirke|Kirke, Basil Everald Wharton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6NX-FFQ] - 1893(NSW)-1958(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; chief studio announcer/Uncle &quot;Bas&quot; (2BL); manager, 6WF; manager 9PA (1946); manager (ABC, Victoria, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Subiaco, 1931; Perth, 1934-1936; Melbourne, 1937-1943; Perth, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kirke-basil-everald-wharton-10751 ADB]
===''KIRKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Booth Kirkland|Kirkland, John Booth]] - 1861(Vic)-1900(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Melbourne, Geelong &amp; Ballarat

===''KISSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Leslie Hawthorn Kissick|Kissick, Alfred Leslie Hawthorn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9D-7LL] - 1904(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924), 3KB Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1939, 1946-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 141, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), operator 3CR Coburg Radio Club (1925), amateur broadcaster, clerk (1934)

===''KITTO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Collingwood Kitto|Kitto, Thomas Collingwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCKM-W8G] - 1903(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7?? Launceston (1928); 5JR Adelaide (Tusmore, 1931); 2JR Newcastle (1933); 2JS Newcastle (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 425, 1928, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 43, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Launceston, 1928); radio engineer (Sandgate, NSW, 1935; Ulverstone, Tas, 1937); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (Prahran, 1949); retired (Deception Bay, 1972)

===''KLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Kling|Kling, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQZ-B4W] - 1905(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1928; South Camberwell, 1931; Hawthorn East, 1933; Hampton, 1937-1939); 3AJQ Melbourne (Seaford, 1954-1955; Lower Ferntree Gully, 1956; Frankston, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 403, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1931-1933; Sandringham, 1936-1937); engineer (Sandringham, 1942; Bacchus Marsh, 1949); radio sound engineer (Seaford, 1954); electrician (Frankston, 1963-1968)

===''KNAPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carlo Patrick Knapton|Knapton, Carlo Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DQR-R5C] - 1879(Irl)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - wireless trader (WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as vice-president, Wireless Traders Assoc, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton, Vic, 1914); lighting engineer (South Perth, 1921-1954) 
===''KNEIPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Kneipp|Kneipp, James Henry &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ5R-YBH] - 1875(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Morningside, Qld, 1905); railway employee (Morningside, Qld, 1908-1917; Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1958)

===''KNIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Keith Knight|Knight, Rupert Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-Z5W] - 1898(Qld)-1934(Qld) - Licences: 4RK Toowoomba (1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned? - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1919); bank clerk (East Toowoomba, 1925-1926); not specified (East Toowoomba, 1928-1932)

===''KNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Brader Knock|Knock, Donald Brader &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWWR-L62] - 1898(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 1911 Manchester; G6XG London (1924-1926); 2NO Sydney (Cremorne, 1926-1927; Vaucluse, 1927; Kirribilli, 1928; Randwick, 1929); 6NK Wyndham (1930-1931); 2NU Portable Sydney 1935-1939; 2NO Sydney (Waverley, 1946-1966) - Qualifications: AOCP 335, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2MO), radiocommunications engineer, journalist (Wireless Weekly, Radio in ANZ, Radio Monthly, Australian Radio News, Bulletin, Australasian Radio World), military (WW1 - Royal Naval Air Service, WW2 - AIF lieutenant-major) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Waverley, 1930); radio journalist (Waverley, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Waverley, 1935-1963)
===''KNOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carlisle Maddison Knowles|Knowles, Henry Carlisle Maddison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Q8-642] - 1901(NSW)-1945(ACT) - Licences: 2LK Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 653, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Woolahra, 1933; Kingston, ACT, 1935-1943)

===''KOSSECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Frederick Kosseck|Kosseck, Edwin Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-VTG] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3EK Geelong (Belmont, 1930-1933); 3AKE Geelong (Newport, 1947; Belmont, 1948-1980+)  - Qualifications: AOCP 705, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Belmont, 1931-1937); RAAF (Newport, 1943); gardener (Belmont, 1949-1980)

===''KRAEGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl W. J. Kraegen|Kraegen, Carl W. J. &quot;Charles&quot;]] - 1831?(Germany?)-1871(NT) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, SA Posts &amp; Telegraphs), telegraph operator (Ballarat, Portland), developed an early system of explosive detonation by battery, tragically died of thirst during the construction of the Overland Telegraph
===''KRUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Augustine Kruger|Kruger, Francis Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJZ-58H] - 1907(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3HE Receive Charlton (1922-1923); 3HE Charlton (1924-1925); 3AI Charlton (1935-1939); 3AI Strathmore (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1541, 1935, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Charlton, 1928-1937); cinema operator (Charlton, 1942); executive (Essendon, 1949-1968; Strathmore, 1977-1980)

=='''L'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''LABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Howell Laby|Laby, Thomas Howell]] - 1880(Vic)-1946(Vic) - frequent lecturer on wireless topics to WIA Vic in the 1920s, education (BA Cambridge 1905, PhD Cambridge 1921), employment (University of Sydney, 1901-1904; Cavendish Laboratory, 1905; Professor Physics, Victoria University College, Wellington, 1909; Professor Natural Philosophy, University of Melbourne, 1915-1930+), Royal Society of Victoria (president, 1924)
===''LACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Lack|Lack, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCQH-WJR] - 1876(NSW)-1949(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Sandgate, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Warwick, Qld, 1903; Tiaro, Qld, 1905-1906; Maryborough, Qld, 1908); fish agent (Maryborough, Qld, 1913); engineer (Sandgate, Qld, 1916); accountant (Sandgate, Qld, 1917-1949)

===''LAHEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Wesley Lahey|Lahey, John Wesley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKRX-KPL] - 1850(Irl)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: sawmill proprietor (Clayfield, Qld, 1908-1909); sawmiller (Clayfield, Qld, 1913-1936)
===''LAIDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Laidler|Laidler, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1KG-31L] - 1904(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5TL Ceduna (1937-1939, 1947); 5TL Largs Bay (1948); 5TL Renmark (1954-1960); 5TL Adelaide (Glandore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1934, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Ceduna, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Lake|Lake, Eric James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDFZ-CKK]- 1906(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4EL Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1946-1948); 4EL Clevedon (1954-1956); 4EL Townsville (Belgian Gardens, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 54, 1931; AOCP 966, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, instructor); broadcast technician (4QN); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943-1949; Townsville, Qld, 1954-1963);

===''LAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Federal Laker|Laker, Frank John Federal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1V2-P8Q] - 1899(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2ZE Deniliquin (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (St Kilda, Vic, 1925); clerk (Bondi, 1935-1937); accountant (North Rocks, 1954)

===''LALOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Fintan Lalor|Lalor, Peter Fintan]] - 1827(Irl)-1889(Vic) - Leader of the Eureka Stockade, Postamaster-General Victoria (Aug 1875-Oct 1875)

===''LAMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. D. Lamb|Lamb, A. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DK Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James Joseph Wiseman Lamb|Lamb, James Joseph Wiseman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-49X] - 1876(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 119, 1915; 1COCP 264, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Relationships: father of Harry Spencer Lamb - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); radio station master (Townsville, Qld, 1921); wireless (Malvern, Vic, 1927);  superintendent (Toorak, Vic, 1928-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1937); retired (Elsternwick, Vic, 1942)
* [[/Harry Spencer Lamb|Lamb, Harry Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-SQY] - 1906(WA)-1984(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcaster - Relationships: son of James Joseph Wiseman Lamb - Electoral Rolls:

===''LAMBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Clayton Lambert|Lambert or Mason, Frank Clayton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-761] - 1908(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6FL Perth (South Perth, 1929-1931); 6FL Geraldton (1933); 6FL Perth (Wembley, 1937-1939; Subiaco, 1947); 3AFL Bairnsdale (1948); 6FL Perth (Claremont, 1954-1956; Bassendean, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 503, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture employee (South Perth, WA, 1931); projectionist (Albany, WA, 1934); sound projectionist (East Fremantle, WA, 1936); projectionist (Wembley Park, WA, 1937); radio technician (Subiaco, WA, 1943-1949); dealer (Claremont, WA, 1954); radio dealer (Bassendean, WA, 1958-1980)

===''LANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Herbert Dodson Lane|Lane, Cyril Herbert Dodson]] - 1888(NSW)-1915(Tur) - XDM Sydney (1909-1914), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), born Cyril Herbert Dodson, brother-in-law of Charles Dansie Maclurcan &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
===''LANGFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Leslie Langfield|Langfield, Harold Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-3D6] - 1893(Wales)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4CO Brisbane (Rosalie, 1935-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1572, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: club steward (Rosalie, Qld, 1934-1977; Paddington, Qld, 1980);

===''LANGFORD-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fritz Langford-Smith|Langford-Smith, Fritz]] - 1904(NSW)-1966(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), electronics designer (AWA), author (Radiotron Designers Handbook), journalist (Radiotronics) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198908.pdf EA]
===''LANGHANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ron Langhans|Langhans, Ron]] - historian (broadcasting)
===''LANGRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George David Langridge|Langridge, George David]] - 1829(Eng)-1891(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria in early 1880s

===''LAPTHORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Charles Lapthorne|Lapthorne, Horace Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W8-STK] - 1900(Vic)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2TM Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1924); 2HL Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1938; Lane Cove, 1939; Artarmon, 1948-1969); 2HL Noraville (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 422, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943-1968); retired (Noraville, 1972)

===''LARSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Peter Christian Larsen|Larsen, Herbert Peter Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36L-GHQ] - 1901(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4JW Charters Towers(1928-1937); 4JW Cairns (1938-1939, 1947-1956); 4JW Charters Towers (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 439, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: brewery hand (Charters Towers, 1925-1936); engine driver (Cairns, 1943-1954; Charters Towers, 1958-1968)
===''LARSSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gustaf William Larsson|Larsson, Gustaf William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTD-55K] - 1902(Tas)-1992(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 92, 1932; AOCP 3275, 1952 - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Hobart West, 1928-1936)

===''LAUNDER-CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge|Launder-Cridge, Wilfred Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-S5L] - 1899(Eng)-1960(Tas) - Licences: 5BZ Adelaide (Brooklyn Park, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 200, 1930; 1COCP 120, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Essendon North, Vic, 1937; Aerodrome, Cambridge, Tas, 1943); OIC, DCA (Forrest, WA, 1958)

===''LAURENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Laurence|Laurence, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-YKV] - 1916(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MZ Adelaide (Malvern, 1933-1939); 3PF Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1948); 3PF Benalla (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1164, 1933, SA; 1COCP 118, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Ceduna, 1941-1943); farmer (Wellington, Benalla, 1949-1963; Benalla, 1967-1980)

===''LAURIE-RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melbourne Clive Laurie-Rhodes|Laurie-Rhodes, Melbourne Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-6K1] - 1915(Qld)-1997(NZ) - Licences: 4XU Brisbane (Hendra, 1934-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1353, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Hendra, Qld, 1936-1937)

===''LAVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Poynton Laver|Laver, Charles Poynton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JBH-SNC] - 1882(Eng)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5CP Cape Borda (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Lightkeeper (Cape Borda, SA, 1939; Edithburgh, 1941-1951)

===''LAVINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Morgan Eric Lavington|Lavington, Frederick Morgan Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJM-ZC9] - 1903(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 2ZC Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1923); 2ZC Sydney (Waverley, 1923; Bondi, 1924-1925; Mosman, 1925-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Manly, 1930); engineer (Strathfield, 1932; Ashfield West, 1935-1936); electrical engineer (Ashfield West, 1937); engineer (Kensington, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1972)

===''LAWRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevan Alic Lawrie|Lawrie, Kevan Alec or Alic]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRS-5YP] - 1915(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5AK Adelaide (Lockleys, 1936-1939; York, 1947-1948; Lockleys, 1954-1965; Brooklyn, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1602, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Lockleys, SA, 1939-1941)

===''LAWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Andrew Laws|Laws, David Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-FW5] - 1909(Qld)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 4DR Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 829, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Commando)- Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Taringa, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/635901]
* [[/Sidney Frank Henry Laws|Laws, Sidney Frank Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6ZT-GBH] - 1893(NZ)-1973(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 6, 1914, No. 6 in Aus and Vic - commercial operator; coastal station operator; manager 7ZL (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 7ZL) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Wireless Station, Townsville, 1915); farmer (Launching Place, 1918); electrical engineer (Prahran, Vic, 1919); engineer (Armadale, Vic, 1919-1924); manager (Launceston, 1928); company manager (Double Bay, NSW, 1930-1931)

===''LAWTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Kyle Lawton|Lawton, Alexander Kyle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-FWT] - 1889(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD), radio clubs (QWI, member), business (movie theatres, Amico), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowoomba, 1913; Wynnum South, 1915-1916); manager (Windsor, 1919); engineer (Nundah, 1925-1928); manager (Townsville, 1936-1937; Nundah, 1943-1949); manufacturer's agent (Virginia, 1954-1958); company director (Ashfield, 1963); sales manager (Ashfield, 1968-1977)

===''LEADBITTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Leadbitter|Leadbitter, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP1-3V1] - 1882(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2AF Receive West Wyalong (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: cycle mechanic (Darlington, 1903); mechanic (West Wyalong, 1913); cycle mechanic (West Wyalong, 1930-1943)
===''LEANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Gregory Leaney|Leaney, William Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-JF9] - 1895(SA)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3XN Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923); 3XN Melbourne (Northcote, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Northcote, 1919-1954); driver (Coburg, 1963-1977); nil (Preston, 1980)

===''LEBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Leber|Leber, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-847] - 1905(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Richmond, 1929-1939; Hawthorn, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 481, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 45, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Richmond, 1927-1942); salesman (Hawthorn, 1949)

===''LECKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Crockett Leckie|Leckie, Herbert Crockett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1R-QQN] - 1927(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Melbourne (Elwood, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 1170, 1947 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980);
* [[/Raymond Campbell Leckie|Leckie, Raymond Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2Q-ZZV] - 1904(Vic)-1987(ACT) - Licences: 3TU Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923); 3TU Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 215, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Sandringham, 1926); public servant (Braddon, 1935; Turner, 1943-1968); examiner of patents (Hughes, 1972); retired (Hughes, 1977-1980)

===''LEE-ARCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Leslie Lee-Archer|Lee-Archer, Evan Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB2K-F3W] - 1911(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3LM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931); 3LM Wonthaggi (1933); 3LM Melbourne (Caulfield North, 1937; Malvern East, 1938) - Qualifications: AOCP 534, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1933); radio engineer (Korumburra, 1934); engineer (Caulfield West, 1935); mechanic (Malvern East, 1937)

===''LEGGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Legge|Legge, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9MJS-QKM] - 1906(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Ulverstone, 1928); no occupation (Hobart South, 1936); zinc worker (Hobart East, 1943); farmer (Cullenswood, 1949-1954)
===''LE GRAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Walter Le Grand|Le Grand, Sydney Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQDD-D57] - 1902(Qld)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4LG Brisbane (Windsor, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 882, 1925; 2COCP 34, 1929; 1COCP 151, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Windsor, 1925-1926); operator (Woollahra, 1931-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1949; Bondi Junction, 1954-1968); retired (Banora Point, 1972-1977)

===''LELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Lelliott|Lelliott, Thomas &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-4PX] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3ZW Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1930-1939); 3AZW Melbourne (Boronia, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 684, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 68, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Mont Albert, 1937); operator (Caulfield, 1942); public servant (Boronia, 1963-1980)

===''LEMMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Lemmon|Lemmon, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-Z21] - 1885(Eng)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 95, 1915; 2COCP 120, 1930; 1COCP 71, 1930 - coastal wireless operator; WW2; RANRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1915); officer-in-charge Wireless Station (Rockhampton, 1916-1921); radio telegraphist (Applecross, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); wireless operator (Broome, 1937); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1943-1949); retired (Rivervale, 1954-1963)
===''LEMPRIERE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Louis Lempriere|Lempriere, Charles Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Y-NPS] - 1857(Vic)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3ZJ Melbourne (Vermont, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: surgeon (South Yarra, 1912-1919); medical practitioner (Vermont, 1924-1934)

===''LENDRUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Lendrum|Lendrum, Alexander &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NZ-Y5Y] - 1887(Qld)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2YL Sydney (Kensington, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1913); yardman (Toowoomba, 1921); constable (Kensington, 1930-1937)
===''LENNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Lennon|Lennon, Christopher James &quot;Chris&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJL3-LZF] - 1889(Vic)-1932(Aus) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 4, 1929 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916-1917); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1925); telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1931)

===''LEONARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Benedict Leonard|Leonard, Aubrey Benedict]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-N4X] - 1896(NSW)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3EN Receive Drouin (1922-1923); 3EN Drouin (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 244, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Drouin, 1922-1928); radio dealer (Drouin, 1931-1954); retired (Drouin, 1963-1967) 
* [[/John William Leonard|Leonard, John William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G494-BY4] - 1906(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (Black Rock, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 386, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Sandringham, 1931-1943); shopkeeper (Sandringham, 1949-1968)
* [[/Leslie Clarence Leonard|Leonard, Leslie Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH15-16Q] - 1902(Vic)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5LT Adelaide (Payneham, 1946-1947; Medindie, 1948); 5LT Port Lincoln (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2336, 1939, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pilot (The Terrace/Port Pirie, 1939)
* [[/Vincent Halpin Leonard|Leonard, Vincent Halpin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8S4-TXD] - 1915(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Melbourne (?, 1938-1939; Kew, 1946-1956); 3PJ St Andrews (1960); 3PJ Melbourne (Balwyn, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2167, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1937; Kew, 1937-1954); public servant (St Andrews, 1958; Balwyn, 1963-1980)

===''LESLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julian Leslie|Leslie, Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS98-211] - 1873(Vic)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 142, 1915; 1COCP 246, 1932 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, WA, 1910-1912; Applecross, WA, 1913); O.I.C. (Radio Telegraph Station, Broome, WA, 1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Thursday Island, 1925-1926); superintendent of wireless (Auburn, Vic, 1928); supervisor B.H. service (Randwick, NSW, 1930-1949)

===''LESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lester|Lester, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5FQ-NQL] - 1902(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LR Renmark (1930-1937); 5LR Berri (1938-1939); 5LR Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1946-1947; Blackwood, 1954-1965); 5LR Victor Harbour (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 674, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 236, 1935; BOCP 369, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Berri, 1939-1943)

===''LETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Norman Lett|Lett, Frederick James Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-Y8D] - 1903(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2WN Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923); 2WN Sydney (Annandale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Annandale, 1930-1936); publican (Sydney, 1937); hotelkeeper (Clifton Gardens Hotel, Mosman, 1943); Darlinghurst, 1949; Dulwich Hill, 1958; Marrickville, 1963); retired (Church Point, 1968)

===''LEVENSPIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pinkus Levenspiel|Levenspiel, Pinkus or Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JB-QSL] - 1904(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2TX Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 668, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wyong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Wyong, 1949-1963); motor dealer (Ourimbah, 1968-1980)
===''LEVERETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Leverett|Leverett, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV79-R7Q] - 1894(Eng)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 25, 1914; 1COCP 88, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broome, 1916); telegraphist (Ascot, Qld, 1921); wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1943); wireless inspector (Burwood, NSW, 1954)
===''LEVERRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Hewitt Leverrier|Leverrier, Francis Hewitt &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBT-DP5] - 1863(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Waverley, 1911-1914, Licence No. 5) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; radio clubs (WIA, president, 1910) - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Vaucluse, 1930-1934, Kings Counsel) - Relationships: father of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier 
* [[/Frank Neville Leverrier|Leverrier, Frank Neville &quot;Boy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6RF-W2W] - 1904(NSW)-1980(NSW) - 2BK Receive Sydney (Waverley, 1922-1923); 2BK Sydney (Vaucluse, 1924-1930); 2ADE Castle Cove (1969-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 169, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 931, 1926) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio work (Vaucluse, 1930); clerk (Vaucluse, 1933-1937); superintendent (Vaucluse, 1943-1949); public relations (Roseville, 1963-1968; Castle Cove, 1977) - Relationships: son of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier
* [[/Henri Andre Leverrier|Leverrier, Henri Andre &quot;Henry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68N-18J] - 1882(NCL)-1943(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Gordon, 1911); XHL Sydney (City, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, Australian General Electric, Sydney)  - Relationships: nephew of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier; cousin of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Sydney, 1913); manager (Crows Nest, 1930-1937)
===''LEVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Levy|Levy, Richard &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-Z38] - 1909(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5AJ Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 654, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Torrensville, 1943)

===''LEWIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Garrett Lewis|Lewis, Henry Garrett &quot;Harry&quot;]] - 1895(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Hobart (no record of licence identified as yet) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (reported experimenting from 1912); councillor WIA Tas in 1923; manager 3UZ 1924 - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/William John Lewis|Lewis, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYJ-BZQ] - 1908(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2YB Sydney (Marrickville, 1931-1936; McMahons Point, 1937); 6YB Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939); 2YB Sydney (Haberfield, 1947-1950; Paddington, 1954-1969; Ryde, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 863, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Comment: Several contemporaneous WJLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified due to numbers

===''LIGHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lighton|Lighton, Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HJ-HD1] - 1869(Vic)-1940(Vic) - 3CM Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1922-1924), 3RL Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 179, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, storekeeper (Toongabbie, 1903; Benalla, 1916), independent means (East St Kilda, 1928; Armadale, 1937)
===''LINDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Linden|Linden, Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-PRV] - 1904(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4FT Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Murgon, Qld, 1925); mechanic (Wilston, Qld, 1928); storekeeper (Clayfield, Qld, 1936-1937); telephone mechanic (Mackay, Qld, 1943-1949); supervising technician (Bowen, Qld, 1954); PMG technician (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1958-1968)

===''LINDNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Lindner|Lindner, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVX-787] - 1904(NSW)-1981(Qld) - 4BX Receive Brisbane (Alderley) 1922 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wilston, 1928); motor mechanic (Maleny, 1934); mechanic (Windsor, 1936-1972); retired (Mt Samson, 1977)

===''LINDSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Gordon Lindsay|Lindsay, Donald Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-126] - 1909(Vic)-1964(WA) - 2DY Sydney (Gordon, 1925-1936; Ashfield, 1937; Concord, 1938; Kogarah, 1939), amateur operator (AOCP 83, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer
* [[/Herbert Maxwell Lindsay|Lindsay, Herbert Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3L-S78] - 1913(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4HD Nambour (1937-1939); 4HD Buderim (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2027, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); employment (company secretary) - Electoral Rolls: bank officer (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1943);  fruitgrower (Buderim, Qld, 1954-1980)
===''LINKLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Charles Linklater|Linklater, Donald Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-Z44] - 1905(SA)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 5DL Pinnaroo (1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1521, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1949); technician (Bondi Junction, NSW, 1958)

===''LITCHFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ainslie Roland Litchfield|Litchfield, Ainslie Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J3Z-FRP] - 1906(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2RL Cooma (1925-1939), 2RL Sydney (Woollahra, 1947; Darling Point, 1948-1954; Rozelle, 1955-1958; Avalon Beach, 1960-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 200, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, grazier (Cooma, 1930-1937), film producer (Avalon Beach, 1958-1968)
===''LITHGOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Lithgow|Lithgow, John Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-5TL] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Eng) - Licences: 7WJ Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1688, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Marine officer? 1950s-1960s, several sea trips
===''LITTLEJOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sydney Littlejohn|Littlejohn, Arthur Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DW-VDD] - 1905(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939); 4LF Gunalda (1947); 2OU Sydney (Leichhardt, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 579, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Leichhardt, 1930-1958; Haberfield, 1963-1980)

===''LLOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Howard Lloyd|Lloyd, Henry Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST7-9LV] - 1904(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (College Town, 1923-1927); 5AG Adelaide (College Town, 1923); 5HL Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 57, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Beware another Henry Howard Lloyd [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDY-FS3] 1912-1981 in Adelaide, similar times - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Hughie Frederick Lloyd|Lloyd, Hughie or Hugh Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-Y95] - 1917(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5BC Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939); 5BC Berri (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1137, 1933, SA; BOCP 281, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5HD William Edward Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939)
* [[/William Edward Lloyd|Lloyd, William Edward &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGB-WR9] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5HD Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939, 1947-1948; Cumberland, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1215, 1933, SA; 2COCP 763, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5BC Hughie Frederick Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: nil (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LOCKHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Edward Lockhart|Lockhart, Leon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CJ-6GG] - 1912(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LE Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939; Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 514, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 205, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elwood, 1934-1937); engineer (Elsternwick, 1942-1977)
===''LOESER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hedley Edmond Loeser|Loeser, Hedley Edmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXL-RM6] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5LO Adelaide (Goodwood, 1936-1939; Col LIght Gardens, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1748, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: display artist (Reade Park, SA, 1943)

===''LOMAX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Lomax|Lomax, Joseph]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EB Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (St Kilda, Vic, 1913-1914; Ivanhoe, Vic, 1916-1917; Coorparoo, Qld, 1921-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926)

===''LONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Timothy Joseph Long|Long, Timothy Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ19-Z9G] - 1884(Qld)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 140, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Comment: suicide after diagnosis terminal illness - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1908); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Townsville, 1921)
===''LONGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ruth Victoria Longley|Harris nee Longley, Ruth Victoria]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-5GJ] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6YL Perth (Shenton Park, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1808, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator; WW2 - Relationships: Wife of 6NL Valentine Harms Harris - Electoral Rolls: saleswoman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); home duties (Applecross, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Applecross, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''LONGSTAFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Allen Hector Longstaff|Longstaff, Thomas Allen Hector &quot;Allen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQM-WF3] - 1896(SA)-1953(NSW) - Licences: XVR Adelaide (Alberton, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 55, 1915 - early wireless experimenter; coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: executive (Brighton, Vic, 1949)

===''LORDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Allan Lorden|Lorden, Geoffrey Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJB-2P8] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6GL Perth (Perth, 1925-1926; West Perth, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 175, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOCP 2297, 1939; 2COCP 342, 1940; 1COCP 441, 1940), amateur broadcaster, radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949)
===''LOVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Kingsley Love|Love, Howard Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGQ-8S5] - 1895(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3BM Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3BM Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922-1931; Glen Iris, 1933), 3KU Melbourne (Malvern, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 230, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; radio clubs (WIA Vic); business proprietor (radio manufacturer) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Orong, 1919; Malvern East, 1921-1924; Gardiner, 1927-1933); manager (Gardiner, 1936-1937); engineer (Mt. Waverley, 1942) - Comment: gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199407.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199408.pdf EA2]
* [[/James Peile Love|Love, James Peile &quot;Nim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7JF-83Z] - 1906(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JL Brisbane (Kedron, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 469, 1928, No. ?? in Qld (Halcyon AOCP 1930); 3COCP 5259, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF) - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Kedron, 1928-1943; Hawthorne, 1949-1980)
===''LOVETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Frank Lovett|Lovett, Hubert Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHG1-DT2] - 1905(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7HL Hobart (1926-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 246, 1926, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart North, 1928-1937); manager (Hobart South, 1949; Nelson, 1954) - Links: [https://info.scholarships.utas.edu.au/AwardDetails.aspx?AwardId=2813 UTAS Scholarship]
* [[/Percy Lovett|Lovett, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB5-M21] - 1906(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2JP Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2210, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''LUBACH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Lubach|Lubach, Frederick John &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H7-VZD] - 1919(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4RF Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1947); Dalby (1948-1950); Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1954; Camp Hill, 1965-75; Loganlea, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1745, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 868, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, instructor, QSL manager); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); broadcast technician (4QS, Capalaba) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Dalby, Qld, 1949; Coorparoo, Qld, 1954; Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Loganlea, Qld, 1980)

===''LUCAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gillen Frederick Lucas|Lucas, Gillen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-Y7P] - 1894(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5LL Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1935-1939; Port Adelaide, 1947; Maylands, 1948; Trinity Gardens, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1589, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Kilkenny, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LUCKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Forsythe Arthur Luckman|Luckman, Charles Forsythe Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMF8-LS2] - 1901(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 2JT Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922); 2JT Sydney (Croydon, 1923-1926; Lakemba, 1927-1933; Croydon, 1934; Ashfield, 1935-1938; Croydon, 1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 41, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lift engineer (Lakemba, 1930-1933); electrician (Croydon, 1935-1943); electrical mechanic (Croydon, 1954-1972)
* [[/Thomas Stuart Luckman|Luckman, Thomas Stuart &quot;Stuart&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-8CD] - 1913(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4SL Brisbane (Kalinga, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 783, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, CMF, Signals Northern Command); occupation (hardware executive) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kalinga, 1936-1937); storeman (Hendra, 1943-1958); retired (Aspley, 1972-1977; Carseldine, 1980)

===''LUHRS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Albert Luhrs|Luhrs, Victor Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZYN-VJJ] - 1888(Vic)-1964(SA) - Licences: V761 Receive Woori Yallock (1922); 3HB Receive Woori Yallock (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Torquon West, Nhill, 1909; Netherby, 1912-1914; Cavendish, 1916-1919; Woori Yallock, 1922-1924; Kalyan, SA, 1939); grazier (Tintinara, SA, 1941-1943)
===''LUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Douglas Lum|Lum, Allan Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92F-LX7] - 1913(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5AL Adelaide (Joslin, 1932-1939; Hyde Park, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 980, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 427, 1940; TVOCP 263, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Gawler, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Hyde Park, SA, 1943)

===''LUMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd John Lumb|Lumb, Lloyd John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84C-LF2] - 1907(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LL Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 471, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); postal electrician (Stanthorpe, 1943); technician (Ashgrove, 1949); engineer (Ashgrove, 1958-1972)

===''LUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Vincent Lunn|Lunn, Harold Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-4X5] - 1908(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 5HL Adelaide (Morphettville, 1935-1939); 2ANE Sydney (North Ryde) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1449, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Morphettville, SA, 1939-1943; Hurstville South, NSW, 1972); retired (North Ryde, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''LUXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilfred Luxon|Luxon, George Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5YJ-XTL] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5RX Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1928-1939, 1946-1965; Torrens Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 450, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster late 1920s; WW2; WIA SA (several official duties) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mitcham, 1939-1943)

===''LYNCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold John Lynch|Lynch, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTD-VXL] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4HL Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1934-1939, 1946-1956; Slacks Creek, 1960-1975); 4HL Springbrook (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1268, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); business proprietor (restaurants, picture theatres) - Electoral Rolls: cutter (Albion, Qld, 1928); shopkeeper (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Valley, Qld, 1949); shopkeeper (St Lucia, Qld, 1954; Slacks Creek, Qld, 1958-1968); owner (Slacks Creek, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Springbrook, Qld, 1980)

===''LYONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Thomas Lyons|Lyons, Joseph Aloysius Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGY-XKB] - 1879(Tas)-1939(NSW) - teacher, state politician, Premier of Tasmania, federal politician, Postmaster-General, Prime Minister of Australia, actively promoted development of broadcasting in Australia over two decades - Electoral Rolls:

=='''M'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''MABBITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Matthew Mabbitt|Mabbitt, John Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FD5] - 1905(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3KI Lake Boga (1930-1939); 3JG Lake Boga (1947-1948); 3JG Swan Hill (1954-1960); 3JG Melbourne (Templestowe, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 588, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Lake Boga, 1928-1949); supervisor (Swan Hill, 1954); public servant (Templestowe, 1963)

===''MACDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Macdonald|Macdonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-WT8] - 1883(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 45, 1936 - senior federal public servant (Chief Engineer, Radiotelegraph Branch, PMGD, 1914); Lieutenant-Commander Telegraphist (RAN, in charge captured German Pacific Wireless); chief engineer 7EX; supervised erection 3AR, 5CL, 7ZL; early TV research  - Comment: Don't confuse with Don Macdonald AWA consultant - Electoral Rolls: Numerous contemporaneous DMcDs - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199505.pdf EA]
* [[/Llewellyn Macdonald|Macdonald, Llewellyn &quot;Lew&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-73F] - 1908(Eng)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2WU Newcastle (West Maitland, 1929-1934; Wickham, 1935-1936; Waratah, 1937; Mayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 478, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 69, 1936; BOCP 50, 1936; 1COCP 125, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (West Maitland, 1930; Wickham, 1936); joiner (Waratah, 1937; Charlestown, 1972)

===''MACFARLANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred - see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred

===''MACGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. MacGregor|MacGregor, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4ZU Brisbane (Windsor, -1947+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''MACKAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Stewart Mackay|Mackay, Cedric Stewart or Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/973G-3Q2] - 1889(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XADF Coffs Harbour (1913-1914); 2GP Urunga (1922-1931); 2GO Coffs Harbour (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 149, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Urunga, 1930); agent (Coffs Harbour, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ian Keith Mackay|Mackay, Ian Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JG-NHF] - 1907(NZ)-1985(NZ) - author, historian (broadcast, &quot;Broadcasting in New Zealand&quot; (1953), &quot;Broadcasting in Australia&quot; (1957), &quot;Broadcasting in Nigeria&quot; (1964), &quot;Broadcasting in Papua New Guinea&quot; (1976) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting executive (Lane Cove, 1954); executive (Killara, 1958)
* [[/Ronald Reay Mackay|Mackay, Ronald Reay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-Y6T] - 1905(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3FZ Receive Melbourne (Carlton, 1922); 3MU Melbourne (Carlton, 1931-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, principal (RMIT) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Carlton, 1931-1963) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mackay-ronald-reay-10980 ADB]
===''MACKEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Francis Mackel|Mackel, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DJ-FP5] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2HG Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965; Hunters Hill, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 585, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1943); insurance inspector (Lane Cove, 1949-1954); insurance manager (Lane Cove, 1958-1963); manager (Hunters Hill, 1968-1980)
===''MACKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Harper Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Alexander Harper &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-MVZ] - 1892(Sct)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4GK Brisbane (Wynnum, 1930-1939; Bulimba, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 628, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Fire Service) - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Brisbane City, 1916; Hamilton, 1919; Brisbane City, 1925); fire brigade officer (Wynnum, 1928-1936); newsagent (Bulimba, 1949); retired (Bulimba, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 4YL Florence Madeline Mackenzie and 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie
* [[/Arthur Alexander Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-796] - 1918(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4HJ Jericho (1937); 4HJ Brisbane (Wynnum, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1346, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Townsville, 1949); newsagent (Grange, 1954-1963); public servant (Townsville, 1972; Cleveland, 1972; Thornlands, 1977, Cleveland, 1980) - Relationships: son of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; brother of 4YL Florence Madeline Streamer nee Mackenzie
* [[/Florence Madeline Mackenzie|Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-B8C] - 1922(Qld)-19??(Qld) - Licences: 4YL Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; third YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Mitchelton, 1949; New Farm, 1954) - Relationships: daughter of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; sister of 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Harold Stuart Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Harold Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L21R-VGN] - 1908(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AM Brisbane (Annerley, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 518, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 90, 1937; 1COCP 239, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1937); company manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1943-1954); radio operator (Blackheath, 1958); unemployed (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968); technician (Burleigh Heads, 1972-1980)

===''MACKINNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Eric Wilton MacKinnon|MacKinnon, Colin Eric Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK45-QRQ] - 1941(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2KCM Sydney 1980s; 2DYM Sydney (1980-2004)- Qualifications: NAOCP N1793, 1981; AOLCP N1281, 1981; AOCP N1032, 1981, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; historian (amateur radio; military radio; radar) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cronulla, 1968; Hurstville, 1977); retired (Glenhaven, 1980) - [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Colin_MacKinnon.htm Obit]

===''MACLARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Foster St Clair Maclardy|Maclardy, William John Foster St Clair &quot;Will&quot;]] - 1892(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2HP Sydney (Neutral Bay &amp; Cremorne,1922-1925), amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), journalist (Smith's Weekly, Wireless Weekly), correct surname is St Clair Maclardy but rarely used, son of William McIntyre St Clair Maclardy, one time Wireless Weekly proprietor
===''MACLAREN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Catto Maclaren|Maclaren, Donald Catto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-2R2] - 1909(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2DM Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1939); 2NN Narrabri (1947-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 655, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Haberfield, 1933-1936; Taree, 1937; Narrabri, 1949)
===''MACLURCAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Dansie Maclurcan|Maclurcan, Charles Dansie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWR7-LJ3] - 1889(Qld)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XDM Sydney (1909-1914); 2CM Sydney (Strathfield, 1921-1939; Neutral Bay, 1946-1957); 2CY Sydney (Strathfield, 1923, briefly by administrative error); first licence issued under new 1922 radio regulations - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 98, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; business proprietor (Maclurcan and Lane, 1909-19??, Maclurcan Engineering, Hotel Wentworth) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Darling Harbour, 1913); engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1934); hotel manager (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/maclurcan-hannah-13070 ADB] [[w:2CM|Wikipedia]] [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/who-was-radio-pioneer-charles-maclurcan/ radioinfo]

===''MACM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Chestnut McMillan|McMillan, Joseph Chestnut]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-8TG] - 1901(Sct)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 7BP Receive Hobart (City, 1923); 7BP Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1928)

===''MACPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Duncan Macpherson|Macpherson, Alexander Duncan &quot;Sandy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/29CF-Z3F] - 1899(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4MC Brisbane (Nundah, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Oakleigh, 1954; Chermside, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1271, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Toombul RC); Qld Lands (draughtsman) - Comment: Slow update for death in Electoral Rolls? - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1949; Oakleigh, Qld, 1954; Chermside, Qld, 1958-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MADDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney John Madden|Madden, Sydney John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-WGL] - 1900(Sct)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MN Perth (City, 1930; North Perth, 1931; Maylands, 1933-1937; Wembley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 264, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Maylands, WA, 1931-1937; Wembley Park, WA, 1937-1943); supervisor (Wembley, WA, 1954)

===''MADDICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Maddick|Maddick, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLB-J2P] - 1890(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: XLX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EF Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3EF Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 161, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; perpetrator of the foul mouthed parrot incident - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Elsternwick, 1917); mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1954)

===''MAGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin William Michael Magee|Magee, Kevin William Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-51Z] - 1913(Vic)-1979(Vanuatu) - Licences: 5KM Adelaide (City, 1931-1933); 2UN Sydney (Paddington, 1936); 3UN Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937); 3KM Melbourne (Kew, 1947-1960; North Balwyn, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 874, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: staff cadet (Victoria Barracks, NSW, 1936); military officer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1937; Kew, Vic, 1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1949-1954); company director (Kew, Vic, 1963); director (Balwyn, Vic, 1967-1972)

===''MAGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lindsay Maguire|Maguire, Arthur Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SN-BKC] - 1921(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3IO Stratford (1938-1939; 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2216, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Stratford, 1949-1977); grazier (Munro, 1980)
* [[/Ernest Norbert Maguire|Maguire, Ernest Norbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR4X-F61] - 1892(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KL Sydney (Lewisham, 1928-1930; Dulwich Hill, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 387, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Lewisham, 1930-1932); sergeant of police (Putney, 1943; Gladesville, 1949-1958); retired (Lake Illawarra South, 1963)
* [[/Sydney William Maguire|Maguire, Sydney William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDF-L85] - 1903(WA)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2XY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Paddington, 1935-1936; North Bondi, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 933, 1926; AOLCP 74, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Glenmore, 1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Maroubra North, 1943); inspector (Maroubra North, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1958)

===''MAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Mahon|Mahon, Hugh]] - 1857(Ire)-1931(Vic) - senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1904)

===''MALCOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Graham Malcolm|Malcolm, Keith Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8F-K5W] - 1949(Eng)-2011(NSW) - Licences: 3ZYK Melbourne (North Clayton, 1969; Mulgrave, 1975; Berwick, 1980); 1???; 2??? - Qualifications: AOLCP 2407, 1967 - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC); Communications Laboratory DoC (Director) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayton, Vic, 1972; Mulgrave, 1977; Berwick, 1980)
===''MALONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Joseph Malone|Malone, James Joseph &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWL8-8DP] - 1883(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 240, 1916 - employment (NSW P&amp;T, Telegraph Messenger; PMGD, Cadet Engineer, Controller Wireless; OTC, Manager); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayfield, Qld, 1917-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926-1928); chief inspector wireless (Kew, Vic, 1931-1937); Deputy Director, Posts and Telegraphs (Indooroopilly, 1943); public servant (Lindfield, NSW, 1949-1963) - Links: [[w:James Joseph Malone|Wikipedia]];  [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_05_30#P.109_-_Commonwealth_Controller_of_Wireless|Bio]]
===''MALPAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth John Malpas|Malpas, Kenneth John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGC2-BNN] - 1909(SA)-1929(SA) - Licences: 5XG Kadina (1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 313, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''MANGNALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hartley Mangnall|Mangnall, Robert Hartley Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MD-3L2] - 1903(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3?? Melbourne (Carlton, 1927); 3HB Melbourne (Highett, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 350, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Carlton, 1936); engineer (Sandringham, 1942-1963)
===''MANIFOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Charles Manifold|Manifold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXMR-BFZ] - 1908(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1933; McKinnon, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 647, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Malvern, 1931-1934; Bentleigh, 1936-1980)
===''MANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Mann|Mann, John Edward &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JY-STV] - 1912(SA)-1941(off Libyan coast) - Licences: 5EM Semaphore (1934-1938); 3IE Westmere (1938); 3IE Ballarat (1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1304, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, telegraphist) - Relationships: Son of Thomas William Mann - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1675471 AWM]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10278775 AWM] - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; 
* [[/Sydney George Mann|Mann, Sydney George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DP-V1C] - 1908(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3KY Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1931; Hampton, 1937-1939, 1946-1954; East Brighton, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 594, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Sergeant) - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Glenhuntly, 1931); mechanic (Sandringham, 1936-1937); shopkeeper (Woodend, 1942); mechanic (Hampton, 1949-1954); sales (Carnegie, 1963); salesman (St Kilda, 1967)
* [[/Thomas William Mann|Mann, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLZ-2S3] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 5EM-3IE John Edward Mann- Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol John Roland Manning|Manning, Athol John Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69L-G2L] - 1916(Tas)-2005(Tas) - Licences: 7LR Devonport (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1367, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Devonport, 1949-1954) 
* [[/Clifton Joseph Manning|Manning, Clifton Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G893-WW6] - 1909(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3CJ Melbourne (Ringwood, 1927; Elwood, 1931-1937; Eltham, 1938-1939; Balwyn, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1948; Beaumaris, 1954-1960); 3CJ Orbost (1965); 3CJ Marlo (1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 338, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 877, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (St Kilda, 1931-1936; Canterbury, 1943; Templestowe, 1949; Sandringham, 1954-1963); farmer (Orbost, 1967-1968); retired (Marlo, 1972-1977; Lang Lang, 1980)
===''MANSFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Mansfield|Mansfield, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZQ Burnie (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MANTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Thomas Mantle|Mantle, Joseph Patrick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-DP9] - 1913(Qld)-1976(Fiji) - Licences: 4XF Brisbane (Ascot, 1933-1939); 4XF Townsville (Hermit Park, 1947-1948); 4XF Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1960); 3AEN Bendigo (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1146, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 1083, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ascot, Qld, 1936); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business manager (New Farm, Qld, 1954); manager (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); sales manager (Warwick, Qld, 1963); no occupation (Townsville, Qld, 1963); sales executive (Petersham, NSW, 1972)
===''MANUEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Thomas Manuel|Manuel, Robert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5S-3R5] - 1910(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5RT Adelaide (Prospect, 1932-1939, 1947-1960; Beefacres, 1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1052, 1932, SA; BOCP 1310, 1953; 2COCP 1279, 1953; 1COCP 1688, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARCONI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi|Marconi, Guglielmo Giovanni Maria]] - 1874(Italy)-1937(Italy) - Inventor, electrical engineer, entrepreneur, businessman; pioneer of long distance radio transmission, widely credited as the inventor of radio; shared 1909 Nobel prize for physics for contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy 
===''MARCUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eugen Gerald Marcuse|Marcuse, Eugen Gerald &quot;Gerald&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9C3M-X1G] - 1886(Eng)-1961(Eng) - Licences: G2NM England - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer

===''MARKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Sydney Marks|Marks, Joseph Sydney or Sydney Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQG4-X1G] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Receive Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922); 2GR Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio trader (Electricity House, Marks' Radio Company); electrician; police officer; sued by 2BL for non-payment of fees in 1924 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rose Bay, 1930-1949)

===''MARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric William Marley|Marley, Cedric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVF2-DJ4] - 1918(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4CJ Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1938-1939; Graceville, 1947; Kalinga, 1948); 4CJ Rockhampton (1954-1956); 4CJ South Mackay (1960); 9CJ Port Moresby (1965); Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2079, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); broadcast technician (PMG, ABC); WW2 (RAN, telegraphist); federal public servant (PMG, ABC) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Kalinga, Qld, 1949; Rockhampton, Qld, 1954); broadcast technician (Mackay, Qld, 1958; Bucasia, Mackay, Qld, 1958; Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''MARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Clanan Marr|Marr, Charles William Clanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M8V-QQM] - 1880(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: MHR (Forrest, 1929); director (Crows Nest, NSW, 1933); company director (Wollstonecraft, 1933-1935); director (Crows Nest, 1935); company director (Pymble, 1937-1943; Killara, 1943-1949; Pymble, 1954-1958)

===''MARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Burton Mars|Mars, Ernest Burton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VJ-GWR] - 1907(SA)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Unley, 1923-1924); 4EM Charleville (1930-1933); 2EM Dubbo (1934-1936); 4EM Charleville (1937-1939, 1946-1947); 2GE Moree (1948); 4EM Emerald (1954-1955); 4EM Charleville (1956); 4EM Longreach (1960); 4EM Currumbin (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 686, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 23, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Dubbo, 1935); bank official (Charleville, 1937-1943; Wagga Wagga, 1949); bank clerk (Moree, 1949); bank manager (Commonwealth Bank Emerald, 1954; Commonwealth Bank, Charleville, 1958; Longreach, 1963); retired (Currumbin, 1968; Palm Beach, Qld, 1977-1980) - established 4VL Charleville commercial

===''MARSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Marsden|Marsden, Robert Cecil &quot;Cecil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92N-W62] - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Sydney, 1909; 2JM Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922); 2JM Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1923-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1925-1926; Edgecliff, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW, local NSW clubs) - Relationships: Father of 2VV-2FV Robert Morris Marsden - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Woolahra, 1930; Epping, 1930-1958); manager (Castlecrag, 1958-1968)
* [[/Robert Morris Marsden|Marsden, Robert Morris]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX1-VPG] - 1916(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2VV Sydney (Kingsford, 1958-1969); 2FV Tuross Heads (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 226, 1956; AOCP 3627, 1957, NSW - amateur operator; WW2 (RAAF) - Relationships: Son of 2JM Robert Cecil Marsden - Electoral Rolls: taxi proprietor (Bondi Beach, 1949; Kingsford, 1958-1972); retired (Tuross Heads, 1972-1980)
===''MARSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Westport Marsh|Marsh, Sydney or Sidney Westport]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFLN-PKM] - 1889(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK West Wallsend (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ladysmith, 1913); fitter (West Wallsend, 1930-1937)
===''MARSHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archie Francis Marshall|Marshall, Archie Francis &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37M-W83] - 1907(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4AF Clifton (1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 438, 1928, No. 48 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (blacksmith, fitter/turner) - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith (Clifton, 1930-1980)
* [[/Herbert Anthony Marshall|Marshall, Herbert Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJR-P3P] - 1888(India)-1948(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Port Pirie, 1910; 2HM Armidale (1924-1926); 2HM Sydney (Bondi, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 115, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 48, 1931 - Comment: proud of his initials &quot;H.A.M.&quot;, early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Relationships: his daughter Denise Chalmers Marshall frequently on air over 2HM - TroveTag: &quot;2HM - Herbert Anthony Marshall&quot; - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Bondi, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1934-1943)
* [[/Mary Austine Marshall|Henry nee Marshall, Mary Austine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-GR6] - 1913(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3YL Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1930-1939, 1946-1956; East Malvern, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 619, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Oakleigh, 1936-1937); no occupation (Oakleigh, 1942-1954); home duties (Oakleigh, 1958-1980) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Vaughan Edward Marshall|Marshall, Vaughan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86T-KNY] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3UK Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1933; Kew, 1937-1939, 1946-1969; Mt Eliza, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 603, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Kew, 1936); tea specialist (Kew, 1937-1968); retired (Mt Eliza, 1977-1980)

===''MARSLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Bruce Marsland|Marsland, Benjamin Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-X47] - 1906(Qld)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 4DX Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928); teller (Normanton, Qld, 1930); bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931; Malanda, Qld, 1932); no occupation (Annerley, Qld, 1943)

===''MARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Thomas Marston|Marston, James Thomas &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKDX-19C] - 1920(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Belmont, 1948; Morningside, 1954); 4JA Toowoomba (1955-1956); 4JA Brisbane (Boondall, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2655, 1948, Qld - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943); engineer (Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); technician (Boondall, Qld, 1963-1972)
* [[/W. L. Marston|Marston, W. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Martin|Martin, James Frederick]] - 1909(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3MJ Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1927-1933); 3JM Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 340, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1936); traveller (North Fitzroy, 1949; Heidelberg, 1954-1963); sales director (Doncaster, 1967); sales (Noble Park, 1972)
* [[/John Michael Martin|Martin, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX79-GWZ] - 1886(Irl)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 146, 1915; 1COCP 58, 1935 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Comment: several contemporaneous JMMs - Electoral Rolls: Ancestry 299 hits  too be sifted
* [[/John Robert Martin|Martin, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWFG-HMM] - 1919(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4MX Cunnamulla (1937-1939); 4MX Toowoomba (1946-1954); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1955-1960); 4MX Julia Creek (1965-1969); 4MX Finch Hatton (1975); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1933, 1937, Qld; BOCP 147, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); business proprietor (radio service); Presbyterian minister - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949-1954); radio technician (Gaythorne, Qld, 1958; Kingaroy, Qld, 1963); missionary (Blackall, Qld, 1972; Gaythorne, Qld, 1972); minister of religion (Enoggera, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Malcolm Martin|Martin, Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-PG7] - 1903(UK)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4KY Ipswich (1933-1939); 4KY Brisbane (Sandgate, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1110, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: carriage trimmer (Woodend, Qld, 1925-1937; Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Silas Martin|Martin, Silas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXMT-6WS] - 1874(NSW)-1945(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Perth, 1903-1906; East Perth, 1912-1914); mechanic (Rockhampton, 1917-1921); radio mechanic (Cooktown, 1925; Beam Wireless Station, Ballan, 1928-1943); mechanic (Marrickville, NSW, 1943)
* [[/Walter J. Martin|Martin, Walter J.]] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 1, 1914, No. 1 in Aus and Vic, Marconi &amp; Telefunken) - coastal station operator?
* [[/William Anthony Martin|Martin, William Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-KPZ] - 1911(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WM Hobart (West Hobart, 1929-1931); 7WM Gawler (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 497, 1929, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 70, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous William Anthony Martin's

===''MASHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Wilfred Mashman|Mashman, Lionel Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6K-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2OB Receive Sydney (Bexley, 1923-1924), 2OB Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 84, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''MASTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Harold Masters|Masters, Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPY] - 1875(Vic)-1951(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed); vice president WIA Launceston 1920s; later prominent architect - Relationships: brother of 7MM William Edward Masters - Electoral Rolls: architect (Launceston, 1928-1949)
* [[/Brian Jermyn Masters|Masters, Brian Jermyn &quot;Jermyn&quot;]] - 1891(Vic)-1950(NZ) - 3LM Receive Melbourne (Armadale, 1923), 3LM Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925), amateur operator (pre-AOCP; no record found of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, operated his station both individually and on behalf WIA Malvern
* [[/William Edward Masters|Masters, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPW] - 1873(Vic)-1952(Tas) - Licences: 7MM Hobart (Bellerive 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1066, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; solicitor - Relationships: brother of Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot; Masters - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Bellerive, 1914-1949) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27111852 Obituary]

===''MATCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Kenneth Lyle Matchett|Matchett, John Kenneth Lyle &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1L-SCZ] - 1921(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Licences: 3TL Melbourne (Box Hill, 1960; Templestowe, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3700, 1958, Vic - amateur operator, WW2, member Old Timer's Club - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949); teacher (Bayswater, 1954); lecturer (Templestowe, 1963-1980) - curator of the WIA QSL card collection for many years; personally acquired a large collection of Australian amateur QSL cards which were donated to the WIA collection on his passing, many thousands of QSLs provided by Wolf Harranth of Dokufunk on an exchange basis
===''MATHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Stewart Mather|Mather, Alexander Stewart &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTL-WWC] - 1909(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2JZ Singleton (1929-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 479, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 89, 1932; TVOCP 273, 1960 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cordial manufacturer (Singleton, 1930-1968)
===''MATHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campion Mathews|Mathews, John Campion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-46V] - 1912(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3SY Geelong (Newtown, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+); 3JM Portable Geelong (Newtown, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 709, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Newtown, 1934-1968); operator (Newtown, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Mathews|Mathews, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82Z-KX2] - 1914(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4EE Rockhampton (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1414, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MATTHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Thomas Matthews|Matthews, Fred or Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-22K] - 1904(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4FK Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); business proprietor (Matthews Fire Alarm Co) - Awards: OBE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Merthyr, 1925-1958); engineer (New Farm, 1963-1980)
* [[/John Leigh Inglis Matthews|Matthews, John Leigh Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKN-159] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJD Melbourne (Richmond, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Richmond, 1913-1919)
* [[/Kenneth Morgan Matthews|Matthews, Kenneth Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-R2W] - 1911(SA)-2009(SA)98yo - Licences: 5GN Adelaide (Malvern, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1732, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Malvern, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/551921 VWMA]
* [[/V. J. Matthews|Matthews, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AQ Perth (Bayswater, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Stott's College (Principal, early 1920s) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified, WA till about 1925, Victoria late 1920s
* [[/Walter John Penrose Matthews|Matthews, Walter John Penrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5TS-HZN] - 1880(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5BS Receive Murray Bridge (1922); Receive Murray Bridge (1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: lifter SA Railways (Tailem Bend, SA, 1939-1943)

===''MAUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Mauger|Mauger, Samuel &quot;Sam&quot;]] - 1857(Vic)-1936(Vic) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1908)
===''MAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Maughan|Maughan, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-BJW] - 1903(WA)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3HH Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1922); 3HH Melbourne (Malvern, 1923-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 14, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 82, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Malvern East, 1925-1954)

===''MAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Mawson|Mawson, Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3H-42N] - 1882(Eng)-1958(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Head Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914) - Electoral Rolls: [[w:Douglas Mawson|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mawson-sir-douglas-7531 ADB]
* [[/Ernest Richard Mawson|Mawson, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2W9T-NJN] - 1861(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Sydney (Campsie, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Parramatta, 1903); no occupation (Dee Why, 1930-1933; Harbord, 1934-1936; Manly, 1937-1943)

===''MAXWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alston Maxwell|Maxwell, Ronald Alston]] - 1908(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2KS Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 656, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Randwick, 1933; Liverpool, 1934-1935; Croydon, 1936-1937); clerk (Caringbah, 1949)

===''MAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank May|May, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-CXP] - 1878(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6FM Dwellingup (1929-1931); 6FM Gnowangerup (1933); 6FM Esperance (1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 139, 1915; AOCP 560, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: stationmaster (Gnowangerup, 1931; Esperance, 1936-1937; Armadale, 1943; Collie, 1949)
===''MAYGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Hubert Mayger|Mayger, Neil Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F7-J2D] - 1890(Vic)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1930); sales (Darlinghurst, 1937); salesman (East Sydney, 1937); Sales (Darlinghurst, 1943)

===''MCATEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McAteer|McAteer, Brother Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKT-JWB] - 1881(NZ)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Receive Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1923); 5AQ Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCAULEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Money McAuley|McAuley, William John Money &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKH-Z5Y] - 1909(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3WM Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 221, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: jackaroo (Nyngan, 1930); grazier (Womboota, 1937-1943)

===''MCBRIDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander James McBride|McBride, Alexander James]] - 1914(Qld)-1993(Qld) - 4BR Brisbane (Wilston, 1939, 1947-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 2320, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), business (radio repair)

===''MCCABE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Bernard McCabe|McCabe, William Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ1C-FN2] - 1864(Irl)-1938(WA) - Licences: 7AQ Clarence Point (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (St Kilda, Vic, 1912; Balaclava, 1913-1914; Elsternwick, 1915-1921; Caulfield, 1924); orchardist (Clarence Point, 1922-1928); civil engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1937)
===''MCCALMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Colin McCalman|McCalman, Maxwell Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-V77] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 3KX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 142, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, musician (1934), engineer (1943-1963)
===''MCCANDLISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack McCandlish|McCandlish, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-TJC] - 1915(Eng)-1943(Ins) - Licences: 3HN Sea Lake (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1468, 1935, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Sergeant, Commando, 1943) - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Sea Lake, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1685215]
===''MCCARTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Keith McCarthy|McCarthy, John Keith &quot;Keith / Macca&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1998(Qld) - 3FX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1932-1933), 2IM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1934), 2VM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1935), 3FX Melbourne (Hampton, 1937; Ascot Vale, 1938-1939; City, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1954-1956), 9AR On board yacht Pandemonium (1969),  P29AR/MM On board yacht Pandemonium (1975), 4DU Beenleigh (1980), 4PY Surfers Paradise (1980), amateur operator (AOCP 1036, 1932, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, state public servant (Vic Railways, telegraphist), military (RAAF, DFC, AFM, AE)
===''MCCULLAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Austral McCullagh|McCullagh, Alexander Austral]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNN-V7Y] - 1897(Qld)-1981(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Home Hill, 1923); 2RR Sydney (Balgowlah, 1965-1969); 9NI Norfolk Island (1975) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2977, 1959; AOLCP 754, 1959; AOCP 4229, 1964, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Sandgate, Qld, 1919); chemist (Inkerman Mill, Qld, 1922); engineer (Bondi North, NSW, 1930; Abbotsford, NSW, 1932-1933; Edgecliff, NSW, 1933; Burwood, NSW, 1934-1936); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949-1963); retired (Green Point, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''MCCULLOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Robert McCulloch|McCulloch, George Robert]] - 1907(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3XM Receive Ballarat (1923-1924), 3GM Ballarat (1925-1939, 1946-1965+), amateur operator (AOCP 198, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968)

===''MCDERMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Westall McDermott|McDermott, James Westall &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-PY2] - 1913(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JM Brisbane (1930) &amp; Nambour (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 711, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4RM Robert Ernest McDermott; son of 4WP Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1949); radio engineer (Nambour, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Robert Ernest McDermott|McDermott, Robert Ernest &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW8-QJ5]  - 1917(Qld)-2006(Qld) - Licences: 4RM Nambour (1938-1939); 4RM Brisbane (Ekibin, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2223, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); business proprietor (radio/TV retail, Ekibin) - Relationships: brother of James Westall McDermott; son of Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, 1943; Ekibin, 1949-1968); TV engineer (Tewantin, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Westall Samuel McDermott|McDermott, Westall Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-2SQ] - 1889(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4WP Nambour (1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2087, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of James Westall McDermott &amp; Robert Ernest McDermott - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Hendon, Qld, 1916-1917; Sandgate, Qld, 1921; Glen Eagle, Qld, 1925-1928; Rosemount, Qld, 1934; Nambour, Qld, 1937-1958); retired (Nambour, Qld, 1963)

===''MCDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
SEE ALSO MACDONALD
* [[/Arthur Stephen McDonald|McDonald, Arthur Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36J-ZLJ] - 1891(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 700, 1922 - broadcast engineer (PMGD, RANRS, AWA); professional society administrator (IEA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1913; St Kilda, Vic, 1916-1924; Vaucluse, NSW, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1936); engineer (Edgecliff, 1943; Double Bay, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdonald-arthur-stephen-7333 ADB]; [https://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P001299b.htm Bright Sparks]
* [[/Colin McDonald|McDonald, Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-SCG] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Rockhampton (1935-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1440, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1958); accountant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1968-1972)
* [[/Donald McDonald|McDonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)?
* [[/Donald Munro McDonald|McDonald, Donald Munro]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Yarraville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Comment: Several contemporaneous DMMs
* [[/John McDonald|McDonald, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-WJR] - 1894(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 137, 1915; CPRT 190, 1916 (replacement?) - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMcD - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified; Ancestry.com 1000s of hits to be sifted
* [[/Wilfred Neville McDonald|McDonald, Wilfred Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-DB1] - 1914(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Parramatta, 1935-1936); 4ZT Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1937; New Farm, 1938-1939; Annerley, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1412, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Granville, NSW, 1936); radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Annerley, Qld, 1949); electrical engineer (Tennyson, Qld, 1954-1963); manager (Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''MCDONOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard McDonough|McDonough, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQX-NXY] - 1875(Wales)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920) - Electoral Rolls: Royal Navy (Newport, Vic, 1914-1915); Royal Australian Navy (Yarraville, Vic, 1917-1919); hotel proprietor (West Maitland, 1930-1935); retired (Wickham, 1937)

===''MCDOWALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine McDowall|McDowall, Valentine &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M14R-SPG] - 1881(Qld)-1957(Qld) - 4CN Receive Brisbane (1922); 4CM Brisbane (City, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radiographer; WW2 - 4CM operator primarily Thomas Murray Browse Elliott after about 1925 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Laidley, 1906-1914; Clayfield, 1919; Ascot, 1934-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdowall-valentine-7349 ADB]
===''MCDOWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Daniel McDowell|McDowell, John Edward Daniel or John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX86-J52] - 1914(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Ascot, 1937-1939); 4CX Gladstone (1947-1965); 4CX Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1873, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Ascot, Qld, 1937); chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1943-1949); industrial chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1954-1963); chemistry instructor (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''MCELWEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Johnston McElwee|McElwee, George Johnston]] - 1879(Tas)-1981(Tas) - involved with Launceston Radio Clubs searching for the roar

===''MCGARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Ignatius McGarry|McGarry, Lloyd Ignatius]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GT-4PR] - 1919(NSW)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4XY Roma (1937-1939); 4XY Rockhampton (1947); 4XY Brisbane (Taringa, 1948; Coorparoo, 1954-1956); 2ALM Sydney (Lakemba, 1960-1965); 1AM Canberra (Macquarie, 1969-1975); 4ALL Brisbane (Kingston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1943, 1937, Qld; BOCP 139, 1937; 2COCP 607, 1942; 1COCP 1026, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4GR, 4ZR); military (RAAF, WW2, mobile wireless, post WW2 Naval Intelligence); federal public servant (PMGD); scientist (Ionospheric Prediction Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Deagon, Qld, 1949); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1958; Townsville, Qld, 1958)

===''MCGAURAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Duncan James Macfarlane McGauran|McGauran, Duncan James Macfarlane]] - 1849(NZ)-1889(NSW) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria, member; Society of Telegraph Engineers, London, member), employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs; WA Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendant Telegraphs; NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs), patents in Quadraplex Telegraphy, father of Duncan James McGauran (telegraphist, accountant, inventor of a telephone meter)

===''MCGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carney Mitchell McGee|McGee, Carney Mitchell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-9LF] - 1910(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 5LX Adelaide (Mile End, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 676, 1930, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 52, 1936; 1COCP 210, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (North Unley, SA, 1939); assistant radio inspector (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1943); radio inspector (Kensington, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Como, 1980)
===''MCGEOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Samuel McGeoch|McGeoch, William Leslie Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVNY-SDX] - 1912(WA)-2007(WA) - Licences: 6WL Brookton (1935-1939, 1947-1956); 6WL Bunbury (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1442, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Brookton, WA, 1936-1943); radio service (Brookton, WA, 1958); electrician (Carey Park, WA, 1968-1980)

===''MCGOWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Walker McGowan|McGowan, Samuel Walker]] - 1829(Irl)-1887(Vic) - Vic Posts and Telegraphs (Superintendent Telegraphs), successfully tendered for the first Australian electric telegraph 1854 (Melbourne to Williamstown) then appointed to the public service to operate and maintain it, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria)

===''MCGRATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Philip McGrath|McGrath, Edward Philip &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW87-9K5] - 1906(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5MO Adelaide (Parkside, 1933-1939; West Mitcham, 1947-1965; Aldgate, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1175, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Parkside, SA, 1939)
* [[/Francis Thomas McGrath|McGrath, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-HRN] - 1891(Tas)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 87, 1915; 1COCP 45, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Moonah, Tas, 1919); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1922); engineer (Eagle Junction, 1925); telegraphist (South Yarra, 1926-1927); supervisor (Caulfield, Vic, 1928-1934; Camberwell, Vic, 1936)

===''MCGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aenas McGregor|McGregor, Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WT] - 1865(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: XJEA Melbourne (Armadale, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: father of 3ZE Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Armadale, 1919; Toorak, 1928-1936)
* [[/Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor|McGregor, Keith Wilfred Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WQ] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ZE Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1924; Toorak, 1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 52, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XJEA Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toorak, 1925-1928)

===''MCGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Patrick Holman McGuire|McGuire, Leo Patrick Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HK-B2T] - 1906(NSW)-2001(WA) - Licences: 3KM Myrtleford (1929-1937); 3KM Corryong (1938-1939); 6MG Manjimup (1947-1969); 6MG Perth (Thornlie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 488, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Wangaratta, 1928); picture proprietor (Albury, 1931); postal employee (Myrtleford, 1936-1937); postal clerk (Mt Magnet, 1943; Manjimup, 1949); radio mechanic (Manjimup, 1954-1972); retired (Thornlie, 1977-1980)
===''MCHUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles McHugh|McHugh, William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-V5Z] - 1914(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KA or 6KD Perth (Guildford, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1766, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Guildford, WA, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Belmont, WA, 1949; North Perth, WA, 1954); mechanic (Cottesloe, WA, 1954; Mt Pleasant, WA, 1963-1972)

===''MCINTOSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John James McIntosh|McIntosh, Stanley John James &quot;Stan&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-C5P] - 1913(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4PK Ipswich (Woodend, 1931-1939); 4PK Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 730, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (workshop foreman); business proprietor (electrical engineering) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Woodend, Qld, 1934-1937; Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''MCINTYRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel George McIntyre|McIntyre, Daniel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTNG-PHV] - 1901(???)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2VX Receive Sydney (Pymble, 1923); 2VX Sydney (Pymble, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1958); radio retailer (Pymble, 1963)

===''MCKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander John McKenzie|McKenzie, Alexander John]] - 1905(???)-19??(???) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''MCKEOWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* McKenzie, Florence Violet  (married name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)
* [[/Allan McIllroy McKeown|McKeown, Allan McIllroy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L69J-SFC] - 1904(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3YZ Melbourne (Alphington, 1924-1927); 3YZ Geelong (1931); 3YZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1933-1939, 1946-1969); 3YZ Ocean Grove (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 51, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 42, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1936-1954; Alphington, 1968); nil (Ocean Grove, 1972-1977)
===''MCKINLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Harold McKinley|McKinley, Norman Harold &quot;Shorty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWGP-TLC] - 1913(???)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 969, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Milton, Qld, 1949-1972); driver (Paddington, Qld, 1980)

===''MCLAUCHLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles David McLauchlan|McLauchlan, Charles David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYL6-PYY] - 1876(Vic)-1943(Vic) - 6BW Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923), 6BW Perth (Victoria Park, 1924-1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Eucla, 1906; Perth, 1910-1916), telegraph engineer (Victoria Park, 1925), superintendent telegraphs (South Yarra, 1931; Camberwell, 1937-1943)

===''MCLEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Campbell McLean|McLean, Stewart Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86G-PMR] - 1910(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3GK Melbourne (Yarraville, 1930-1933; Brunswick, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; Caulfield, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 601, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 65, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarraville, 1931-1936); nil (Elsternwick, 1954); engineer (Caulfield, 1958-1980)

===''MCLENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth McLennan|McLennan, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9H-B4N] - 1892(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 124, 1915; 2COCP 185, 1930; 1COCP 238, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous KMcLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCLEOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander McLeod|McLeod, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMKJ-L25] - 1972(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4CF Receive Brisbane (Red Hill, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Red Hill, 1903-1905); pastrycook (Red Hill, 1908-1926; Mt Bruce, 1929-1943)
* [[/Gordon Stuart McLeod|McLeod, Gordon Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-38Y] - 1912(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 3ZZ Geelong (West Geelong, 1930-1931; Newtown, 1933; Crib Point, 1937; Wallington, 1938); 2ADC Sydney (Sans Souci, 1939; Hurstville, 1946-1947; Beverley Hills, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 707, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: RAN (Crib Point, Viv, 1937); petty officer RAN (Hurstville, 1943); clerk (Beverly Hills, 1949-1963)
* [[/Norman McLeod|McLeod, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86P-8F2] - 1901(Vic)-1995(Vic) - Licences: 3NM Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 602, 19??, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Caulfield, 1937-1968)

===''MCLOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. C. McLoughlin|McLoughlin, E. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5KJ Port Lincoln (1928-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MCMAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Hanney McMahon|McMahon, Leo Hanney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD8-XQH] - 1914(Qld)-1992(NSW) - 4LM Brisbane (Toombul, 1933-1938); 2ALM Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1939); 2AC Sydney (Kingsford, 1946-1950; Randwick, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1104, 1933, Qld) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, AMC); occupation (doctor) - Electoral Rolls: student (Camperdown, NSW, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Kingsford, NSW, 1949; Randwick, NSW, 1954-1980)

===''MCMASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John McMaster|McMaster, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls:

===''MCMATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph McMath|McMath, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KG-ZK2] - 1910(Vic)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 3JJ Melbourne (Albert Park, 1927-1939; South Melbourne, 1946-1960; Elwood, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 351, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albert Park, 1931-1937); manager (St Kilda, 1949-1954); retired (Brighton, 1963-1968; Black Rock, 1972-1977)

===''MCMURTRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Adam McMurtrie|McMurtrie, Sydney Adam or Adam Sydney &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQM-DQW] - 1908(NSW)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4JR Booval (1929-1933); 2AFX Lismore (1937-1939); 4KT Gympie (1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 491, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Gympie, 1936); radio salesman (Lismore, 1937); telephone mechanic (Gympie, 1943-1980)
===''MCNALTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McNalty|McNalty, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXW-67M] - 1901(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DZ Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Mackay, Qld, 1930-1943); public servant (Fairfield, Qld, 1949); clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1954); telegraphist (St Lucia, Qld, 1958)

===''MCNICOL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Edgar McNicol|McNicol, Robert William Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-6NN] - 1917(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4WM Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1680, 1936, Qld; BOCP 57, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Teneriffe, Qld, 1943); university lecturer (Tarragindi, Qld, 1954-1972)

===''MCPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Thomas McPherson|McPherson, Colin Thomas or Thomas Collins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-HST] - 1897(Vic)-1951(Vic) - Licences: 3LU Melbourne (Footscray, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 523, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Footscray, 1919); storeman (Footscray, 1922-1942)
* [[/Murdoch John McPherson|McPherson, Murdoch or Murdock John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/27D9-9TB] - 1904(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4MC Merinda (1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 916, 1926; 2COCP 58, 1929; 1COCP 161, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Merinda, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1929); clerk (Mt Coolah, NSW, 1968)

===''MEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Mead|Mead, Jack]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-ZSH] - 1915(WA)-2009(WA) - Licences: 6LJ Perth (East Victoria Park, 1931-1939; Wembley, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 803, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 168, 1934; 1COCP 289, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Victoria Park, WA, 1937); mechanic (Wembley, WA, 1943-1980)
* [[/Jordan Arthur Mead|Mead, Jordan Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTJF-1KH] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1924), 2JA Sydney (Ashfield, 1925-1928), 2JA Byron Bay (1929-1930), 2AJA Sydney (Ashfield, 1946; Bexley, 1947-1957), 2JM Sydney (Bexley, 1958-1980), qualifications (AOCP 212, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: telephone mechanic (Byron Bay, 1930; Ashfield, 1931-1943), power technician (Bexley, 1949-1968), electrical field officer (Bexley, 1972-1980)

===''MEADOWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Meadows|Meadows, Robert Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-ZRK] - 1907(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 4RM Mackay (1932-1939);  2ARM Sydney (Kirribilli, 1946-1948); 2IN Sydney (Rhodes, 1956-1958; Chiswick, 1960; Long Jetty, 1961; Killarney Vale, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 879, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (Pems Radio, Rockhampton); journalist (Minchens Electrical Weekly); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: reporter (Crows Nest, NSW, 1930); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1932); radiotrician (Mackay, 1934-1937); wireless instructor (Kirribilli, NSW, 1943); manager (Rhodes, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Five Dock, NSW, 1958; Killarney Vale, NSW, 1963)

===''MEDHURST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Edney Medhurst|Medhurst, Edgar Edney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-WFC] - 1902(Tas)-1966(Vic) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Frederick William Medhurst|Medhurst, Frederick William &quot;Pop&quot; (in latter years)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4GS-R6P] - 1868(Eng)-1969(Tas) 101yo - Licences: XZD Hobart (1913-1914); 7AH Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923); 7AH Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1924-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter from 1901; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business (Medhurst &amp; Sons, 1920s) - Relationships: father of  Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst, all in the business and interested in radio
* [[/Harry Frederick Medhurst|Medhurst, Harry Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-QZV] - 1893(Tas)-1963(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Phillip Aubrey Medhurst|Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-DFX] - 1895(Tas)-1969(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Rowland Arthur Medhurst|Medhurst, Rowland Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-ZT4] - 1892(Tas)-1969(Tas) - early wireless experimenter, lecturing on wireless 1911, never licensed, likely utilised licence of XZD-7AH (father), son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst
===''MEDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel James Clifford Medlin|Medlin, Noel James Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MB-743] - 1917(Vic)-2004(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (ABCB), federal public servant (ABCB), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1943; St Kilda, 1949; Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Inverloch, 1980) - father of AM directional antennas in Australia

===''MENON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Menon|Menon, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4F-3CQ] - 1905(SA)-1969(NSW) - 3OG Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3OG Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1927), 2OG Sydney (Haberfield, 1928; Croydon, 1929-1931), 3OG Melbourne (East Kew, 1933), 2OG Sydney (Northbridge, 1934-1935; Chatswood, 1936-1937; Longueville, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Pymble, 1950; West Pennant Hills, 1954-1965; Arcadia, 1969), amateur operator (AOCP 209, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (St Kilda West, 1926-1927), radio engineer (Coburg, 1931), engineer (Kew, 1934), radio engineer (Chatswood, 1937; Longueville, 1943), engineer (Baulkham Hills, 1954-1958; Arcadia, 1968)

===''MERCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie George Merchin|Merchin, Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTLT-SSF] - 1917(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ML Richmond (1934-1939); 4MG Richmond (1948); 4MG Killarney (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1399, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: garage proprietor (Richmond, Qld, 1943-1949); motor mechanic (Killarney, Qld, 1954-1968; Rockhampton North, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MEREDITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement George Benger Meredith|Meredith, Clement George Benger]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZJD-6S6] - 1885(WA)-1959(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 15, 1914 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1916); officer-in-charge wireless (Geraldton, WA, 1916-1917)
* [[/Llewellyn Lennon Meredith|Meredith, Llewellyn Lennon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8W-LV7] - 1885(Eng)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 246, 1916 - ship wireless officer, AWA (traffic manager) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_04_04#P.22_-_Obituary_-_Mr._L._L._Meredith|Obit]]
===''MESSENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Albert Messenger|Messenger, Percival Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRP-BS1] - 1892(SA)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 5PM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 70, 1915 (Marconi); CPRT 152, 1915 (Balsillie) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manager (Randwick, NSW, 1936; Coogee, NSW, 1943-1958; Randwick, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''MICHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Ernest Henderson Michell|Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQNQ-T5H] - 1897(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3JP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3JP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1931; Elsternwick, 1933); 3JP Hamilton (1937-1939); 3AEM Hamilton (1960-1969); 3JX Hamilton (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 162, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator of 3LR Elsternwick Radio Club (1925); WW1; land officer (Hamilton, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Balaclava, 1919-1921); draftsman (Caulfield, 1922); land officer (Hamilton, 1936-1980)

===''MILBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Leslie Milburn|Milburn, Henry Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-8VJ] - 1890(Vic)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Home Hill (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowong, 1919); electrical engineer (Home Hill, 1922-1925; Stanthorpe, 1934-1949) - Halcyon: not mentioned?

===''MILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Thomas Miles|Miles, Gilbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19Y-X19] - 1904(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7KQ Hobart (Bellerive, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 106, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Glen Iris, Vic, 1931); engineer (Elsternwick, 1936); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943-1972); engineer (Croydon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Harry Raymond Miles|Miles, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NJ-DQ2] - 1911(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1933); 6XL Wiluna (1937); 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 645, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wiluna Gold Mines, WA, 1936; Mt Beauty, Vic, 1954); poultry farmer (Balga, WA, 1958-1972); farmer (Wanneroo, WA, 1977-1980)

===''MILLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roydon Arthur Milledge|Milledge, Roydon Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMJY-3DW] - 1903(Vic)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 3WT Shepparton (1936-1937); 7WT Hobart (1938-1939); 7WT Ulverstone (1947-1948+); 7WT Hobart (1956-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1693, 1936, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; bank clerk 1931; Civil Engineer 1950s - Electoral Rolls: assistant engineer (State Savings Bank, Auburn, 1927); engineer (Glenhuntley, 1931-1934); civil engineer (Shepparton, 1936)
===''MILLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dunlop Millen|Millen, John Dunlop]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC9X-S4W] - 1877(Irl)-1941(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; senator - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Waratah, 1914-1919; Newstead, 1922-1937)
===''MILLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alexander Miller|Miller, Charles Alexander &quot;Charlie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-YRR] - 1915(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4US Brisbane (New Farm, 1933-1936); 2ADE Casino (1935-1939, 1946-1961); 4QM Caloundra (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1208, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang, military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Casino, 1943-1963); army officer (Ipswich, 1963); retired (Shelley Beach, 1968-1972; Caloundra, 1977-1980)
* [[/Charles Harcourt Miller|Miller, Charles Harcourt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-9QY] - 1921(Tas)-2001(Tas) - Licences: 7CM Hobart (Bellerive, 1936-1939; Taroona, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1799, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Bellerive, 1943)
* [[/Francis George Miller|Miller, Francis George &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-LHT] - 1895(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BF Mt Gambier (1923-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 185, 1925, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 58, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; founder of commercial station 5MU Murray Bridge; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Murray Bridge, 1939-1943) [https://www.qsl.net/vk5br/FrankMiller.pdf Biography]
* [[/Frank Colin Miller|Miller, Frank Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9C-86L] - 1884(Eng)-1953(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 126, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engine operator (Radio Station, Roebourne, 1916-1917); station hand (Marron Station, 1918; Carnarvon, 1921; Mallina, 1922-1925); contractor (Roebourne, 1930-1936; Karratha Station, 1937); labourer (Roebourne, 1943); cook (Wittenoom Gorge, 1949)
* [[/H. Miller|Miller, H.]] - 19??-19?? - 4EH Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1924); 2EH Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1925-1928) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert Edward Miller|Miller, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-XMX] - 1899(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HE Sydney (Belmore, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 932, 1926; 2COCP 329, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Campsie, 1930; Belmore, 1932-1943); miner (Glen Davis, 1943)
* [[/Herbert Leslie Miller|Miller, Herbert Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-7LH] - 1897(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4CA Receive Brisbane (West End, 1922); 4HL Brisbane (Hill End, 1927) - Qualifications: CPRT 330, 1917; 2COCP 329, 1940; 1COCP 483, 1940s; BOCP 370, 1941 - ship wireless officer (RMS Bingera, 1920); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (J. B. Chandler, 1924; Overells, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (West End, 1921); salesman (West End, 1925); manager (Coorparoo, 1928); salesman (Coorparoo, 1937-1954); clerk (Camp Hill, 1958-1963)

===''MILLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hugh Milligan|Milligan, Stanley Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2CB1-L7Y] - 1901(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3AU Receive Geelong (1922-1923); 3AU Geelong (1924); 3AU Eaglehawk (1924-1926); 3AU Chilwell (1927-1931); 3AU Geelong (1937-1939); 3AU Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1947; Auburn, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 125, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 164, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Eaglehawk, 1924-1926; Geelong West, 1924); radio mechanic (Chilwell, 1927-1931); watchman (Geelong West, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Hawthorn, 1949); engineer (Canterbury, 1954-1968); nil (Doncaster, 1972)
===''MILLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Griffiths John Mills|Mills, Griffiths John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CK Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Subiaco, 1929-1931)
* [[/Norman Gibson Mills|Mills, Norman Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9415-SSS] - 1890(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 4NM Brisbane (Moorooka, 1938-1939, 1947-1956; Margate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, Qld, 1919); contractor (Moorooka, Qld, 1921-1954); retired (Margate, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Ralph Mervyn Mills|Mills, Ralph Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JD-GST] - 1909(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MM Sydney (Balmain, 1930-1934; Canterbury, 1935-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 660, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Balmain, 1931-1937); engineer (Pymble, 1949-1977; West Pymble, 1980)

===''MILNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Brough Milne|Milne, Andrew Brough]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KXN-QZV] - 1890(South Africa)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Dealer Mackay (1926-1927) - Qualifications: 3COCP 3492, 1961 - dealer licence - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Mackay, 1915-1943); mechanical engineer (North Mackay, 1949-1977)
* [[/John Collicott Milne|Milne, John Collicott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP34-518] - 1903(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7AG Gretna (1923-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 604, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Gretna, 1928-1980)
* [[/James Milner|Milner, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXH-1DM] - 1901(Eng)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4AK Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1923-1927; Ashgrove, 1931-1936); 4AU Brisbane (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 93, 1925, No. 11 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (prominent from Valley Theatre) - Withdrawal: 4AK amateur callsign withdrawn by the PMGD for allocation to the new 4AK Oakey commercial service - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kelvin Grove, 1925-1926); electrical fitter (Ashgrove, 1928-1943)

===''MINCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur W. Minchin|Minchin, Arthur W.]] - 19??-19?? - 4AM Rockhampton - amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4RO Cmcl), wireless retail business proprietor - seems in error, see William Allan Minchin 
* [[/William Allan Minchin|Minchin, William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV7Q-86C] - 1893(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 220, 1916; 2COCP 365, 1931; 1COCP 244, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer operator (Wyndham, 1917); farmer (Toodyay, 1925); radio engineer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943; Lismore, 1949-1954; Hunters Hill, 1958-1968); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1972)

===''MINEHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Minehan|Minehan, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MINGAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Francis Mingay|Mingay, Oswald Francis &quot;Ossie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K45G-NZG] - 1895(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2XX Sydney (Turramurra, 1923-1926; Sydney, 1931-1933) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; journalist; publisher; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Collaroy, 1930); managing editor (Pymble, 1930-1932); radio engineer (Lindfield, 1933-1934); publisher (Lindfield, 1937-1963; St Ives, 1963-1968) - Comment: licensed operator of 2WV Burgin Electric Co. (1923) [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mingay-oswald-francis-ossie-11135 ADB]; [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Mingay.htm MacKinnon]

===''MITCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Theodore Mitchell|Mitchell, Alexander Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-CC2] - 1872(???)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Receive Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Red Hill, Qld, 1921; Torwood, Qld, 1922); electrical engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Wilston, Qld, 1928-1929; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1963)
* [[/Harold Benson Mitchell|Mitchell, Harold Benson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-QN7] - 1901(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3CZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Elwood, 1924-1927); manager (Caulfield, 1937); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1942); manager (Caulfield, 1949); merchant (St Kilda, 1949); manager (St Kilda, 1954)
* Mitchell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; - see Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; (frequent misspelling)
* [[/Stanley John Mitchell|Mitchell, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-Q83] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Monaco) - Licences: 3SJ Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 53, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toorak, 1912-1916; Brighton, 1919-1928); investor (Brighton, 1936-1937) financier (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''MOFFATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert David Gray Moffatt|Moffatt or Moffat or Gray, Robert David Gray &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8V-PM3] - 1911(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RD Mackay (1935-1939); 4RD Gracemere (1947-1948); 4RD Mackay (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1549, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Herberton, Qld, 1936; Mackay, Qld, 1937); mechanic in broadcasting (Gracemere, Qld, 1949); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''MONEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Money|Money, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JD-M9H] - 1907(Vic)-1986(Vic) - 3MY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1939; Upwey, 1946-1948; Cheltenham, 1954-1969; East Bentleigh, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 205, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draughtsman (Camberwell, 1931-1934), engineer (Upwey, 1942-1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1967; East Bentleigh, 1972-1980)

===''MONKHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Isaac Monkhouse|Monkhouse, Walter Isaac]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8ZT-YPN] - 1887(NZL)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio clubs (QWI &amp; WIA Qld, president &amp; lecturer); senior state public servant (Qld Public Works Dept, State Electrical Engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as president WIA Qld)  - Electoral Rolls: telephone instructor (South Brisbane, 1919); engineer (Teneriffe, 1925; New Farm, 1928; Taringa, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Bardon, 1958-1963)
===''MONKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Brendan Monks|Monks, Alfred Brendan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-444] - 1894(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AAB Melbourne (Diamond Creek, 1948; Northcote, 1954-1960; Preston, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 571, 1920; 2COCP 272, 1930; 1COCP 282, 1932 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1915) - Relationships: twin brother of 7BR Cyril Wilson Monks - Electoral Rolls: Western Electric engineer (East Sydney, 1930); licensee Railway Commercial Hotel (Albury, 1931-1932); radio telegraphist (Centennial Park, 1943); radio officer (Reservoir, Vic, 1963; Preston, 1967-1972)
* [[/Cyril Wilson Monks|Monks, Cyril Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-96N] - 1894(Tas)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 7BR Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 225, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1919); WW2 - Relationships: twin brother of 3AAB Alfred Brendan Monks - Electoral Rolls: federal civil servant (Battery Point, 1928); public servant (Bellerive, 1936-1937); radio inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1943; Nedlands, 1949); retired (Frankston, 1972)
===''MONTEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Monteath|Monteath, Frederick]] - 1895(Vic)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 3VM Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1923-1924); 3KP Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 694, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Prahran, 1919; Elsternwick, 1921); mercer (Elsternwick, 1924-1931); photographer (Glenmore, NSW, 1934-1935; Ashfield, 1937); storekeeper (Rockdale, 1943)

===''MOODY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Percy Moody|Moody, Francis Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1D9-KLG] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FM Cairns (1932-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 967, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Rockhampton North, 1925-1926); accountant (Cairns, 1926-1949); radio dealer (Cairns, 1954-1980)

===''MOORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Moore|Moore, Albert Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KW6D-TMT] - 1916(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; NAOCP Q728, 1980, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer; clubs (All-Wave All-World DX Club, Shortwave League of Western Australia, Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia) - QSLs: portion (200+) of later QSL collection survives (ARDXC/NFSA)
* [[/Eric John Theodore Moore|Moore, Eric John Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD91-7LN] - 1894(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEM Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914); Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923); 2EM Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 161, 1915; 2COCP 237, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Awards: UK merchant seaman medal - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bronte, 1934-1937)
* [[/Francis Leonard Moore|Moore, Francis Leonard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1924(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, employment (Archibald John Shaw, Maritime Wireless Co, United Distributors) - Comment: electrocuted while conducting wireless experiments
* [[/Louis James Murphy Moore|Moore, Louis James Murphy &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L45W-GS4] - 1888(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3LO Receive Seymour (1923); 3LO Seymour (1924-1925); 3MS Seymour (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 85, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Clifton Hill, 1909); telegraphist (Collingwood, 1912-1914); wireless operator (Collingwood, 1917-1919); telegraphist (Elsternwick, 1922); clerk (Seymour, 1924-1931; Bentleigh, 1936-1949); guesthouse proprietor (Healesville, 1954); clerk (Oakleigh, 1963-1968) - Withdrawal: Likely 3LO callsign withdrawn for allocation to 3LO Melbourne Class A

===''MOORHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Martin Moorhouse|Moorhouse or Moorehouse, Herbert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJPG-1HL] - 1899(Tas)-1990(WA) - Licences: 7HM Hobart (North Hobart, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart South, 1922); carpenter (New Town, 1928); carrier (Hobart North, 1936); motordriver (Queensborough, 1949)

===''MORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Donald Moran|Moran, Cyril Donald]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast technician at 4QG under Qld Government, state public servant (4QG)

===''MORGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Mowbray Morgan|Morgan, Donald Mowbray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP7-218] - 1907(NSW)-1988(Tas) - Licences: T749 Receive Glebe (1922); Receive Glebe (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Huonville, 1928-1972)
* [[/Ivor Morgan|Morgan, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRSY-S8G] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3DH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1933; Shepparton, 1937; East Malvern 1938-1939; Hawthorn, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 605, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 20, 1936; TVOCP, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1931-1934); engineer (Brighton, 1936); broadcast engineer (3SR Shepparton, 1937); technician (Hawthorn, 1943-1977) - Relationships: Father of 3ZFM V. I. Morgan
* [[/William Albert Morgan|Morgan, William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HVG-8PW] - 1899(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: 7AI Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart West, 1922); electrical fitter (New Town, 1928-1937); fitter (New Town, 1943-1954); manager (Montrose, 1963)

===''MORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. H. Morley|Morley, W. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2WU Sydney (Watersleigh, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John William Morris|Morris, Albert John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-Y2J] - 1873(Tas)-1940(Tas) - Licences: 7BS Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1943)
* [[/Cecil Ralph Newman Morris|Morris, Cecil Ralph Newman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MW-YGT] - 1906(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923); 4CN Brisbane (Rosalie, 1928); 4LW Brisbane (Rosalie, 1929-1933; Ashgrove, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 398, 1928, No. 45 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; technician (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Rosalie, 1928); postal mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1954); supervising technician (Rosalie, 1958-1968)
* [[/Glynn Ian Elliott Morris|Morris, Glynn Ian Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XG-9TS] - 1908(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BZ Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1930-1939; Parkdale, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 621, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1931-1937); mechanic (Mentone, 1943); official (Mentone, 1949-1968); secretary (Mentone, 1972-1980)
* [[/Jack Dudley Morris|Morris, Jack Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2R-NMZ] - 1914(Vic)-1944(At Sea) - Licences: 3LX Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1933, pirate); 3DQ Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1934-1937) - qualifications: AOCP 1244, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (mention in despatches) - electoral rolls: operator (Oakleigh, 1936-1942) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Richard Charles William Morris|Morris, Richard Charles William (BDM) or Charles Richard William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW7-56S] - 1922(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4MT Rockhampton (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3210, 1951, Qld; BOCP 1460, 1956 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, 1949); electrical fitter (Rockhampton, 1954-1963); radio technician/electrician (Rockhampton, 1968-1972); radio technician (Rockhampton, 1977-1980)
* [[/Ronald David Morris|Morris, Ronald David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX5W-S7Z] - 1904(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3AP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3AP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927); 3APM Melbourne (East Brighton, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 151, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 919, 1926; BOCP 600, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Caulfield, 1925-1931); radio (Brighton, 1936-1937); mechanic (Brighton, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949-1967; Brighton East, 1972-1977)
* [[/Sydney Paul Francis Morris|Morris, Sydney Paul Francis &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-MRP] - 1888(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prahran, Vic, 1909; Dandenong, 1912-1913); clerk &amp; telegraphist (Eltham, Vic, 1924); manager (East Bairnsdale, Vic, 1925-1928); clerk (Sandringham, Vic, 1931); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949)
* [[/William Belfort Morris|Morris, William Belfort]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X1-VYQ] - 1910(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6WM Perth (Hollywood, 1930-1937; Mt Lawley, 1938-1939); 6WM Kalgoorlie (1946-1954); 6WM Perth (Applecross, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 625, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hollywood, 1931-1937); newsagent (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954); representative (Applecross, 1958-1980)
===''MORRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Cyril Tucker Morrison|Morrison, Gordon Cyril Tucker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-J6Z] - 1916(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 6KN Geraldton (1935-1937); 6KN Perth (City, 1938-1939); 2AKN Sydney (Hernes Bay, 1947; Parramatta, 1948-1950; Balgowlah, 1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1485, 1935, WA; BOCP 89, 1937; 3COCP 1536, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Geraldton, WA, 1937); radio employee (North Perth, WA, 1943); aircraft surveyor (Parramatta North, NSW, 1949; Balgowlah, NSW, 1954-1963); surveyor (Wahroonga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''MORRISSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Joseph Martindale Morrissey|Morrissey, Brian Joseph Martindale]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5AP Adelaide (Prospect, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1544, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''MORROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Caldwell Morrow|Morrow, Arthur Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQF-T2F] - 1912(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 335, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Red Hill, Qld, 1934-1937); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1943); farmer (Paddington, Qld, 1949-1963)
===''MORSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel Percy Morse|Morse, Noel Percy &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWRN-3QR] - 1914(Qld)-1942(At Sea) - Licences: 2JE Sydney (Cremorne, 1934-1935); 4LI Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937); 2AHS Sydney (Mosman, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1402, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RNZAF, Pilot Officer) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Buranda, Qld, 1937; Clayfield, Qld, 1937) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.rafcommands.com/database/wardead/details.php?qnum=95585 RAF Commands]; [https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/record/C29996 Auckland Museum]; [http://aircrewremembered.com/morse-noel.html AirCrewRemembered]

===''MORTIMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mark Mortimer|Mortimer, Mark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7M-ZZ4] - 1887(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 107, 1915; 2COCP 48, 1929; 1COCP 89, 1930; BOCP 48, 1934?  - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917)  - Comment: numerous contemporaneous MMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Evors Morton|Morton, Charles Evors]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ5-F3R] - 1888(Qld)-1963(NSW) - 2MH Sydney (Homebush, 1925-1934), amateur operator (AOCP 170, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, public servant (Rockhampton, 1912), WW1

===''MOSES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Joseph Moses|Moses, Charles Alfred Joseph]] - 1900(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - ABC (general manager) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Charles Moses|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/moses-sir-charles-joseph-15044 ADB] 
===''MOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Moss|Moss, George Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-86Y] - 1903(WA)-2000(WA) - Licences: 6GM Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1926-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; Mt Pleasant, 1960-1965; Boya, 1969-1995+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 233, 1926, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 177, 1934; 1COCP 574, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: piano mechanic (Cottesloe Beach, 1925); wireless mechanic (North Perth, 1931-1958); lecturer (Mt Pleasant, 1963; Boya, 1968-1980) - [https://qsl.net/vk6zse/historic/p-vk6gm.html QSL.net]

===''MOULE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Ernest Moule|Moule, Clifford Ernest &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XQ-DFH] - 1912(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5CX Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1939; Plympton, 1946-1948; McLaren Vale, 1954; Lower Mitcham, 1955-1956; Westbourne Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 611, 1930, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1462, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Clarence Gardens, 1939-1941; Glandore West, 1943)

===''MOWLEM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Mowlem|Mowlem, Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9F-DHH] - 1878(???)-1950(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval employee (Toorak, 1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1925); engineer (Toorak, 1928); wireless (Malvern, 1931-1949)

===''MOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Murray Moyle|Moyle, John Murray &quot;Johnny&quot;]] - 1908(Vic)-1960(ACT) - 2JU Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1932+; Radio TV &amp; Hobbies, 1939-), education (Scotch College, 1923-1926), military (WW2, RAAF 1941-, Squadron Leader), broadcast (3DB, 1920s) (callsign 2JU previously Ross Amos Hull) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198909.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198910.pdf EA2]

===''MUIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sibbald Allison Muir|Muir, John Sibbald Allison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRB3-1J6] - 1904(SA)-1996(Vic) - 3QW Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3QW Melbourne (Brighton, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 91, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; likely operator of 3NS dealer licence for Norris &amp; Skelly, Elizabeth St, Melbourne 1924 - Electoral Rolls: dealer (Brighton, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Malvern, 1928); wireless (Brighton, 1931); engineer (Brighton, 1935; Ringwood, 1936-1954); nil (Somers, 1963; Langwarrin, 1968-1977; Garfield, 1980)
* [[/Robert White Muir|Muir, Robert White]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K644-M2J] - 1904(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6RW Wagin (1933-1939); 6RW Perth (Subiaco, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1184, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Albany, WA, 1925-1926); jeweller &amp; radio dealer (Wagin, WA, 1931); jeweller (Wagin, WA, 1936-1943); watchmaker (Subiaco, WA, 1949-1963)

===''MULLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Fred Mullett|Mullett, Leslie Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-BQD] - 1903(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5ZQ Adelaide (Highgate, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1065, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Highgate, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Barton, ACT, 1949)

===''MULLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Mulligan|Mulligan, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2QS-X7W] - 1886(NZ)-1982(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 135, 1915; 2COCP 211, 1930; 1COCP 329, 1933 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917); wireless operator (Emita, Flinders Island, 1919-1928); OIC Radio Station (Darwin, 1934); radiologist (Ascot, 1936); OIC radio (Townsville, Qld, 1943); retired (Warrimoo, NSW, 1954-1958; Umina, NSW, 1958)

===''MUNRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Willson Munro|Munro, Bruce Willson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7GX-CDJ] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4AL Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1927-1931; Bulimba, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 339, 1927, No. 35 in Qld; 2COCP 68, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; aeronautical experimenter; pilot; Qld Aero Club (Brisbane, honorary flying instructor, 1930s); Dept Civil Aviation (Brisbane, Assistant Plan Printer, 1956-1968) - Electoral Rolls: commercial pilot (Moorooka, 1943); flight checking officer (Townsville, 1943); pilot (West End, 1949-1963); commonwealth public servant (Wynnum, 1968-1972); retired (Wynnum, 1977-1980)

===''MURDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilmot Henry Murden|Murden, Wilmot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-7WC] - 1915(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7TY Launceston (1934-1937); 3TY Melbourne (West Preston, 1938-1939; Thornbury, 1947); 3TY Rapanyup (1948); 3TY Sale (1954-1955); 3TY Swan Hill (1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1243, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1176, 1950; 1COCP 1610, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Sale, 1954); radio engineer (3SH, Sale, 1963)
===''MURDOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Fraser Murdoch|Murdoch, James Fraser &quot;Fraser&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FQ Toowoomba (1946-1948), amateur operator (AOCP 2383, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, employment (Empire Theater under Cliff Gold 4CG)
===''MURPHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold James Murphy|Murphy, Harold James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD6Q-ZGP] - 1899(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Ilfracombe (1935-1937); 4HM Pomona (1938-1939); 4HM Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1532, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Auchenflower, Qld, 1925; Milton, Qld, 1928); postal official (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1930); postmaster (Ilfracombe, Qld, 1936-1937); insurance agent (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943); postal official (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); public servant (Stafford, Qld, 1958)

===''MURRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Alexander Murray|Murray, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-SZ7] - 1908(???)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2FM Sydney (Rose Bay, 1927; Mosman, 1928-1935; Cremorne, 1936-1939; Mosman, 1946-1947; Lindfield, 1948-1949; Carramar, 1950-1975); 2FM Blayney (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 336, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Mosman, 1930); engineer (Mosman, 1933); fitter (Mosman, 1934); draftsman (Mosman, 1935); engineer (Neutral Bay, 1943); draftsman (Mosman, 1949); draughtsman (Carramar, 1958-1977); retired (Blayney, 1980)
* [[/John William Murray|Murray, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-32L] - 1905(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3JY Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1930; Fitzroy, 1931-1939); 3AJY Melbourne (Kew, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 396, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Elsternwick, 1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1934; Melbourne East, 1936); technician (St Kilda West, 1943-1949); projectionist (Kew, 1954-1980) - several contemporaneous John William Murray's in Melbourne, identification not certain
* [[/Kynaston Noel Lathrop Murray|Murray, Kynaston Noel Lathrop]] - 1838(Eng)-1916(Tas) - clubs and societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, 1880s; Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, 1860s-1870s; Vic Railways Dept, 1880s-1890s)
* [[/Malcolm Imlay Murray|Murray, Malcolm Imlay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-684] - 1908(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6MY Perth (City, 1930; South Perth, 1933-1939; Floreat Park, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 677, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Perth, 1931); radiotrician (South Perth, 1936; Floreat Park, 1943-1980)

===''MUSGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mandeville D'Oyly Musgrove|Musgrave, Mandeville D'Oyly]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast station proprietor (6ML &amp; others)

===''MUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus Keith Mutton|Mutton, Angus Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5F-BQM] - 1910(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5ZY Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1933; Tusmore, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1089, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Tusmore Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Arthur Henry Mutton|Mutton, Arthur Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC1Y-PP5] - 1908(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2QT Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923-1925); 2QT Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 237, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Annandale, 1930-1937); communication engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1968); public servant (Bayview, 1972-1980)

=='''N'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''NAIRN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Linley Beeton Nairn|Nairn, Arthur Linley Beeton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58V-M8X] - 1895(SA)-1978(NZ) - Licences: 2BI Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 373, 1918 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Hamilton, NZ, 1938); director (Days Bay, Wellington, NZ, 1946-1954)
===''NANCARROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Stanley Nancarrow|Nancarrow, Ralph Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST3-XQ3] - 1904(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5PK Georgetown (1930-1933); 2PY Sydney (Mosman, 1935; Randwick, 1936-1939); 2ACN Sydney (Lane Cove, 1954-1961; North Ryde, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 719, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Randwick, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical fitter (Lane Cove, NSW, 1943-1963); fitter (North Ryde, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''NANGLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Nangle|Nangle, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-F31] - 1869(NSW)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 2MU Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2MU Sydney (Marrickville, 1923-1927; Observatory, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; 1920s Superintendent Technical Education NSW; hon. Government Astronomer NSW; Sydney University (Senate); Royal Society of NSW (president); Fellow Royal Astronomical Society; Fellow Federal Institute of Architects; author (astronomy, architecture) - Electoral Rolls: architect (Petersham, 1903); Government Astronomer (Observatory, 1930-1937) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nangle-james-7722 ADB]

===''NASH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Charles Nash|Nash, William Robert Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDWX-LWF] - 1918(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2WW Sydney (Crows Nest, 1934-1937); 4WN Cairns (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1329, 1934, Qld; 1COCP 138, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Castlecrag, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''NEALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Drayton Neale|Neale, Eric Drayton Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88H-NWT] - 1907(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4EN Longreach (1934-1939); 4EN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1298, 1934, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist), radio club (WIAQ, QSL officer) - Relationships: father of 4?? Eric Drayton Neale Jnr - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1928; Longreach, 1936; Grange, 1937; Wooloowin, 1943-1963)

===''NEAVERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Laurence Neaverson|Neaverson, Leslie Laurence or Lawrence Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYTM-HCD] - 1899(Eng)-1993(NSW) - Licences: G5NX (Lakeside, Cumbria, 1922+); 4NV Brisbane (Holland Park, 1947-1956+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; associate member IRE (Britain); principal Anglo Austral Hearing Aid Dispensary - Electoral Rolls: surgical technician (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''NELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alfred Montague Nell|Nell, George Alfred Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87B-PP6] - 1900(Ceylon)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2JQ Quirindi (1928-1929); 2JQ Canberra (1930); 2JQ Moruya (1931-1936); 2JQ Binda (1937-1939); 2JQ Crookwell (1946-1950); 2JQ Junee (1954-1965); 2JQ Goulburn (1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 413, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Moruya, 1930-1934; Crookwell, 1936-1949; Junee, 1954-1968; Goulburn, 1972-1980)
===''NELSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Yeates Nelson|Nelson, John Yeates]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G884-YDV] - 1851(Irl)-1932(NSW) - Licences: XAA Sydney (McMahon's Point, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer (NSW)) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milson's Point, 1930-1931)
===''NESTROM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Louis Nestrom|Nestrom, Oliver Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-9H4] - 1912(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5RZ Adelaide (St Peters, 1936-1937; Joslin, 1938); 2ADJ Sydney (Homebush, 1939); 5RZ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1947; Glenelg, 1948; St Georges, 1954); 5RZ Port Augusta, 1955-1956); 5RZ Adelaide (Kurralta Park, 1960; Manningham, 1965-1969; St Peters, 1975); 5RZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP, 224, 1935; AOCP 1725, 1936, SA; BOCP 719, 1946; 2COCP 1178, 1949; 1COCP 1491, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Modbury, SA, 1939); fitter (Strathfield, NSW, 1943)

===''NEVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Clifford Anderson Neville|Neville, Alfred Clifford Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH3-Z4D] - 1907(Eng)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ED Receive Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 5827, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hamilton, Qld, 1928); clerk (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1943); accountant (Hawthorne, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (East Brisbane, 1963-1980)

===''NEWBERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Mallord Newberry|Newberry, Archibald Mallord]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH51-SDW] - 1893(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AN Red Cliffs (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 606, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Red Cliffs, 1924-1931); radio dealer (Red Cliffs, 1934-1942); cycle dealer (Red Cliffs, 1949-1972) 
===''NEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert James Newell|Newell, Albert James &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1C-RGW] - 1910(Sct)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Mill Hill via Warwick (1936-1939); 4BN Brisbane (Archerfield, 1947-1948; Moorooka, 1954); 4AJ Brisbane (Moorooka, 1965; Yeronga, 1969; Ormiston, 1975); 4AJN Brisbane (Ormiston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1727, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 559, 1942; 1COCP 588, 1942; TVOCP 531, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; AWA Aviation Radio Service - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Mill Hill, Qld, 1931-1943); radio technician (Moorooka, Qld, 1949-1968); television technician (Yeronga West, Qld, 1972); retired (Ormiston, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''NEWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Frederick Newman|Newman, Arthur Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJ9-YSK] - 1881(India)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 10, 1914; CPRT 90, 1915; 1COCP 49, 1930 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant, 1917-1920, terminated Nov 1920); WW1; WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AFNs - Electoral Rolls: traffic officer (Elsternwick, 1917-1919); assistant! (Malvern East, 1924-1931); piano tuner (St Kilda, 1931)
* [[/Sydney Moreton Newman|Newman, Sydney Moreton &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL41-PBM] - 1898(NSW)-1998(NSW)99yo - Licences: XPZ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1913-1914); 3MC Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 655, 1921; 1COCP 90, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Turramurra, 1930-1958); retired (Wahroonga, 1963-1980) - TroveTag: &quot;XPZ-3MC - Sydney Moreton Newman&quot; (68 tags) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199101.pdf EA]
* [[/William Harold Newman|Newman, William Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-4N5] - 1889(NSW)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 2MK? Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922); 2MJ Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway official (Artarmon, 1930-1934); secretary (Mosman, 1936-1943)

===''NICHOLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rupert Nicholas|Nicholas, William Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD14-RFV] - 1913(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7WR Hobart (North Hobart, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 896, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 72, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart North, 1936; New Town, 1943-1954)
===''NICOLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Nicoll|Nicoll, William]] - 1903(Canada)-19??(???) - Licences: 4CO Receive Brisbane (Upper Paddington, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 644, 1921 - amateur Receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Bardon, 1925-1929) 
===''NICHOLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Edgar Nicholls|Nicholls, Francis Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1H-8KQ] - 1910(Vic)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7RY Devonport (1932-1933); 7RY Burnie (1937-1939); 7RY Hobart (New Town, 1946-1948; Lenah Valley, 1954-1955; New Town, 1960; Lenah Valley, 1965-1969; Midway Point, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 991, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Lenah Valley, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Nicholls|Nicholls, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S3-26D] - 19??(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 780, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1963)
* [[/William John Matthew Nicholls|Nicholls, William John Matthew or William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WW-PDS] - 1908(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1928-1933); 7WX Launceston (1937-1939); 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1946-1965; East Malvern, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 419, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 343, 1931; 1COCP 309, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Williamstown, 1931-1936); RAAF (Williamstown, 1949); radio engineer (Williamstown, 1954-1963; Malvern East, 1968-1980)
===''NICHOLSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Malcolm Nicholson|Nicholson, Russell Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-7W4] - 1909(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 4KG Ilfracombe (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 529, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 48, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing contractor (Longreach, 1936); manager 4LG (Longreach, 1937); radio mechanic (Coolangatta, 1949-1972)

===''NICOLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Hort Wilmot Nicolle|Nicolle, Horace Hort Wilmot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZS-MZF] - 1908(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2HK Sydney (Strathfield, 1929-1933; Ryde, 1934); 2AJT Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 527, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist apprentice (Strathfield, 1930); pharmacist (Strathfield, 1933-1935); chemist (Chatswood, 1943-1968)

===''NILSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver John Nilsen|Nilsen, Oliver John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W4-W1G] - 1884(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3UZ Melbourne (1924-25) - Qualifications: Nil identified to date - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - 3UZ experimental callsign issued to Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co in 1923, operator N. J. Boyd; callsign withdrawn 1925 and reallocated to Nilsen's broadcast station which remains current as at 2021 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Fitzroy, 1909-1924; Chelsea, 1928-1931); contractor (Caulfield, 1934-1954); engineer (Elsternwick, 1972; Hawthorn, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nilsen-oliver-john-11244 ADB]

===''NISSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Laurence Nissen|Nissen, Eric Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-ZLR] - 1905(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4XN Dalby (1930-1939, 1946-1975+); 4XN Toowoomba (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 574, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, member); broadcast technician (4QS, 1939-1976); federal public servant (PMGD); Awards: Imperial Service Medal 1976 - Electoral Rolls: none specified (Dalby, 1928-1937); PMG technician (Dalby, 1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1977)

===''NIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edgar Nixon|Nixon, Arthur Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M2-SM5] - 1905(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ON Receive Melbourne (Windsor, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 361, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur receive operator - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Elsternwick, 1931); salesman (St Kilda West, 1931-1936); electrical fitter (Albert Park, 1943-1954)

===''NOLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Michael Nolan|Nolan, Francis Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Q3R-X84] - 1910(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1935-1937; Clayfield, 1938-1939; Stafford Heights, 1946-1948); 4MF Portable (1948); 9FN Port Moresby &amp; 9MF Portable (1954-1956); 4FN/T Gracemere (1960-1969); 4FN/T Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1975; Virginia, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1433, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, WIAQ); broadcast technician (9PA, 4RK); radio serviceman; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Francis William Nolan|Nolan, Francis William &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-XPW] - 1897(NSW)-19?? - Licences: 4JU Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1929-1939, 1947-1956; Paddington, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43? &amp; 501, 1924 &amp; 1929, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio serviceman - Relationships: husband of 4LO Violet Elizabeth Nolan nee Hennessey - Comment: several genealogy sites have wrong data for FWN - Electoral Rolls: cartoonist (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1925);  radio mechanic (Brisbane, City, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1958)
* [[/John Spencer Nolan|Nolan, John Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-KMV] - 1868(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: XED Sydney (Double Bay, 1911-1914); 2JH Receive Sydney (Double Bay, 1922); 2JH Sydney (Double Bay, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster; dentist and dental surgeon - Relationships: father of 2YI Philip Spencer Nolan - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Woollahra, 1930-1935)
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-DSX] - 1896(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: fourth YL operator in Qld - Relationships: wife of 4JU Francis William Nolan - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1943); not stated (Eagle Heights, Qld, 1949); home duties (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1954); domestic (Spring Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Coolangatta, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Philip Spencer Nolan|Nolan, Philip Spencer &quot;Spencer&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-ZWX] - 1897(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: 2YI Sydney (Double Bay, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 58, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; dentist - Relationships: son of XED-2JH Lieut John Spencer Nolan - Comment: gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''NOLTE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Nolte|Nolte, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HG-DD4] - 1911(Vic)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 3NO Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939); 2QO Sydney (Potts Point, 1948-1950; Bexley North, 1954-1975); 2QO Wamberal (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 492, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949; Bexley North, 1958-1963); retired (Wamberal, 1980)
===''NORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Norman|Norman, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Q-ZRS] - 1899(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WJ Eddystone Point Lighthouse (1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stoker (Longford, 1922); lightkeeper (Tasman Island, 1928; Eddystone Lighthouse, 1934; Maatauyker Island, 1936; Currie Harbour, King Island, 1937)
===''NORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Anthony David Norris|Norris, Anthony David &quot;Tony&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Edgar Lewin Norris|Norris, Edgar Lewin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9YH-3D4] - 1891(Qld)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Receive Toowoomba (1922); 4CK Toowoomba (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 80, 1925, No. 8 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Toowoomba RC); WW1 - Relationships: father of 4NO Edgar Thomas Norris - TroveTag: &quot;4CK - Edgar Lewin Norris&quot; - Electoral Rolls: optician (Rockhampton, 1913); optometrist (Wooloowin, 1919; Toowoomba, 1925-1954)
* [[/Edgar Thomas Norris|Norris, Edgar Thomas &quot;Tom&quot; &quot;Tommy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G855-G68] - 1930(Qld)-2019(Qld) - Licences: 4NO Toowoomba (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6945, 1967; AOLCP Q2, 1968; AOCP Q13, 1968, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4CK Edgar Lewin Norris - Electoral Rolls: charge hand (Toowoomba, 1954-1980)
===''NORTHEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurence Harry Northeast|Northeast, Laurence Harry &quot;Laurie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLM3-8NK] - 1908(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5LH Adelaide (Rosewater, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 315, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosewater, 1939-43)

=='''O'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
==='''OAKES'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Andrew Oakes|Oakes, Walter Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-RBQ] - 1907(Tas)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 7BQ Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923); Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP N1088, 1971 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Manly, 1930); electrical fitter (Launceston, 1937); railway employee (New Town, 1943-1949); electrician (Lindfield, 1954); business proprietor (Roseville, 1958); managing director (Roseville, 1963-1968); director (Roseville, 1972-1980)

==='''O'BRIEN'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Clare O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Clare]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTS-7SJ] - 1904(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4NC Brisbane (Stafford, 1939, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2386, 1939, Qld - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kilcoy, 1928); telephone mechanic (Eagle Junction, 1936-1943); technician (Stafford, 1954-1980) 
* [[/Charles Raymond Heddington O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Raymond Heddington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-4CX] - 1913(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3QX Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 626, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Glenhuntly, 1934-1936); electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1942); engineer (Kew, 1954; Mount Waverley, 1963-1972)
* [[/Matthew O'Brien|O'Brien, Matthew or Matthew Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-P35] - 1904(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4MM Brisbane (Toowong, 1926-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 234, 1926, No. 20 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, ARTL, WIAQ, president all); journalist (Teleradio, &quot;Vic Eddy&quot;); Dept Labour Exchange (administration) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Toowong, 1925-1936; Annerley, 1943-1977)

==='''O'DEA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick O'Dea|O'Dea, Francis Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTP-7KL] - 1894(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 (Army, AWS) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Melbourne, 1912-1913; Ascot Vale, Vic, 1914-1937); railways (Brighton, Vic, 1942-1949); railway employee (Footscray North, Vic, 1963-1977) - Links: [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911842/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-francis-patrick-odea/ AWS]

==='''ODGERS'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Fieldhouse Odgers|Odgers, Norman Fieldhouse]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-CYK] - 1906(Qld)-1996(WA) - Licences: 4BO or 4BD Brisbane (Newmarket) &amp; Charters Towers (1924-1925); 4NK; 9NK Port Moresby (1946-1948); 6NF Perth (Applecross, 1954-1969; Bassendean, 1975-1980); 4CH - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 896, 1925; 2COCP 212, 1930; 1COCP 108, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; broadcast engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: senior technician (Applecross, 1954-1963); manager (Applecross, 1968); retired (Bassandean, 1972-1980)

==='''O'DONNELL'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Amos Leslie O'Donnell|O'Donnell, Amos Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NW-Q1P] - 1910(SA)-19??(NSW) - Licences: 6DX Perth (City, 1930-1933); 2AGE Sydney (Ashfield, 1938-1939); 2AOO Sydney (Caringbah, 1960; Mona Vale, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 639, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 515, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (North Perth, 1931); radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1937); education officer (No. 2 W.A.G.S., Parkes, 1943); engineer (Ashfield, 1949; Caringbah, 1958)

==='''O'HARA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bernard O'Hara|O'Hara, John Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XM-Y9M] - 1902(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3OH Maryborough (1930-1939); 3OH Yallourn (1946-1948); 3AAO Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 607, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Albert Park, 1921-1924) instructor (Maryborough, 1928); teacher (Kew, 1934; Maryborough, 1937; Ballarat, 1937; Maryborough, 1943, Warrnambool, 1954; Maldon, 1963) 
==='''OHRBOM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Axel Ragnar Ohrbom|Ohrbom, Axel Ragnar &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-PWJ] - 1903(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924); 3OC Melbourne (West Brunswick, 1928; Coburg, 1931-1939; Moreland, 1946-1948; Hartwell, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 421, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Coburg West, 1949); sharebroker (Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Burwood, 1977)

===''OLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Olof Lemuel Olden|Olden, Olof Lemuel]] - 1863(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Hobart 1920s, early wireless experimenter, no licence yet identified, amateur operator (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, President, 1924), military (Colonel, WW1), occupation (school master)
===''OLDFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Bernam Oldfield|Oldfield, Frederick Bernam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YP-9R2] - 1897(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (1924); 3FB Melbourne (Hampton, 1937-1938); 2FE Sydney (Balmoral, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1240, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Brighton, Vic, 1931; Sandringham, Vic, 1935-1937); journalist (Mosman, NSW, 1943); A.M.F. (Mornington, 1954); tutor (Neutral Bay, 1958)
===''OLDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Oldham|Oldham, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZFK-XBT] - 1902(Tas)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 7XA Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1923, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1936-1949) 
* [[/Fred Oldham|Oldham, Fred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, first president of Hobart Tramways Wireless Club 1905

===''O'LEARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cornelius Daniel Fraser O'Leary|O'Leary, Cornelius Daniel Fraser or Daniel Fraser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN18-4BH] - 1893(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (Tusmore Gardens, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 495, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Unley, 1939-1941)

===''OLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dalley George Tryon Oliver|Oliver, Dalley George Tryon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-MMR] - 1888(NSW)-1959(NSW) - wireless experimenter (1924+) 2?? Gunedah, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1943; Keepit Dam, Tamworth, 1949-1954); retired (Condoblin, 1958) - Relationships: brother of 2MO Marcius John Alexander Oliver
* [[/Marcius John Alexander Oliver|Oliver, Marcius John Alexander &quot;Marcus&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-M82] - 1875(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2MO Gunedah (1929) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 91, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer, radio station proprietor (2MO, 1930-1939), military (air spotters, Port Macquarie) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1936; Port Macquarie, 1943) - Relationships: brother of Dalley George Tryon Oliver

===''OLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Durrant Olle|Olle, John Durrant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4HS-WSX] - 1910(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 2OZ Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1939, 1946; Pennant Hills, 1947-1948; Ashfield, 1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 553, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 321, 1931; 1COCP 197, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Summer Hill, 1936-1937; Ashfield, NSW, 1943); soldier (South Yarra, Vic, 1949); public servant (Mornington, 1963-1980)

===''O'LOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick Morgan O'Loughlin|O'Loughlin, Francis Patrick Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-Z3Q] - 1902(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4OL Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1347, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''OLSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Vivian Olsen|Olsen, Frederick Vivian &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CP-4XJ] - 1912(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3FO Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1929-1931; Hampton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 521, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hampton, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1963; Hampton, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Norman Frederick Olsen|Olsen, Norman Frederick or Frederick Norman (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-8JS] - 1901(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 516, 1920, NSW; 2COCP 59, 1929, NSW; 1COCP 252, 1932 - Nil yet identified - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hurlstone Park, 1934-1937); newsagent (Torwood, 1954-1958); no occupation (Lord Howe Island, 1963-1980)
* [[/Norman Peter Olsen|Olsen, Norman Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-444] - 1897(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2YK Newcastle (1924-1925); 2ZX Waratah (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Waratah, 1930; Mayfield, 1932); public servant (Redfern, 1932-1933; Kogarah, 1934-1935; Wollongong, 1936-1937; Artarmon, 1943-1949; Kogarah, 1949-1963); nil (Merewether, 1968-1980)
* [[/Olaf Olsen|Olsen, Olaf]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QT-69T] - 1878(Norway)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Dalby 1922 (Receive) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Dalby, 1913-1943); engineer (Toowoomba, 1949; Redcliffe, 1954; Paddington, 1958-1963)

==='''O'MAY'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. W. O'May|O'May, J. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Derwent O'May|O'May, Robert Derwent &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNF-5NS] - 1903(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); 7OM Hobart (Bellerive, 1924-1927+; Sandy Bay, 1931+; Bellerive, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 74, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 508, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bellerive, 1928-1954)

==='''OPPENHEIM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver George Oppenheim|Oppenheim or Oliver, Oliver George &quot;Ollie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSS-S7L] - 1911(Vic)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 3ZX Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 580, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1936-1942; Elsternwick, 1949); radio engineer (Elsternwick, 1954); company executive (Coogee, 1958-1963; Lugarno, 1968); importer (Strathfield, 1972-1980)

===''O'REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Joseph O'Reilly|O'Reilly, Maurice Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-VMC] - 1866(Irl)-1933(NSW) - Licences: XACI Bathurst (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St Stanilaus College, Bathurst, 1913); rector of college (St John's College, Camperdown, 1930-1933) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/oreilly-maurice-joseph-7918 ADB] 
===''O'ROURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sydney O'Rourke|O'Rourke, John Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJP-ZW4] - 1918(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 4OR Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1937-1939); 4SO Brisbane (Margate Beach, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2042, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical apprentice (Norman Park, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Newmarket, Qld, 1949); engineer (Margate, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''ORR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Murray Donald Orr|Orr, Murray Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-H29] - 1900(Vic)-1941(Vic) - Licences: 3OR Lake Meran (1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 440, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1940-1941) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Lake Meran, 1924-1934) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/orr-murray-donald-1700/]

===''OSBORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jeffrey David Osborne|Osborne, Jeffrey David &quot;Jeff&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Louis Frederick George Osborne|Osborne, Louis Frederick George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GF-MGZ] - 1900(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3DD Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DD Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1926); 3BMO Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gas fitter (Malvern East, 1922-1926); inspector (Carnegie, 1931-1977)
===''OSBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bolivar Laing Osburne|Osburne, George Bolivar Laing &quot;Laing&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MFY2-F9W] - 1896(Vic)-1933(Vic) - Licences: XKJ Terang (1913-1914); 3BG Terang (1922-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 235, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Terang, 1922-1931)

===''OTHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Othen|Othen, Charles James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRHF-H8Y] - 1897(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: XVT Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5AS Receive Adelaide (1923); 5ON Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1954-1956; Eden Hills, 1960-1969; Blackwood, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3385, 1953, SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''O'TOOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian O'Toole|O'Toole, Ian]] - Licences: 2ZIO Sydney (Adamstown Heights, 1969; North Rocks, 1975; Castle Hill, 1980) - amateur operator; historian (amateur, military communications); proprietor Kurrajong Radio Museum - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://vk2bv.org/archive/museum/ Kurrajong Radio Museum]

===''OTTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Shannon Otty|Otty, William Shannon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7J1] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZL Killingworth (1923-1931); 2ZL Toronto (1933-1975); 2ZL Fennell's Bay (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 219, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Toronto, 1937-1954); retired (Toronto, 1958-1980)

===''OVERLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Overlack|Overlack, Peter]] - early wireless historian [https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval_Networks_Dominance_of_Comms_in_Maritime_Ops.pdf &quot;The Struggle for the Australian Airwaves: The Strategic Function of Radio for Germany in the Asia-Pacific Region before World War I&quot;]

===''OWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Chester Owen|Owen, Chester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ3G-H47] - 1899(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923); 3ZM Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balaclava, 1921; St Kilda, 1922-1926); engineer (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); mechanic (Caulfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Echuca, 1943-1972)
* [[/Stanley Wainwright Owen|Owen, Stanley Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDV9-BP2] - 1912(Vic)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 6RX Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 2RX Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1948-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 716, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 436, 1933; 1COCP 340, 1933; TVOCP 40, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1937-1958); television engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1963-1968); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1972-1977; Artarmon, 1980)

===''OXENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Justinian Oxenham|Oxenham, Justinian]] - 1860(Qld)-1932(Vic) - senior federal public servant (Secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
===''OXLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Oxlade|Oxlade, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-H1C] - 1907(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4GO Brisbane (Newmarket, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 229, 1926, No. 19 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: painter (Chermside, 1937-1943; Maroochydore, 1954; Wavell Heights, 1958), contractor (Chermside, 1963-1980)

=='''P'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''PAECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leonard Paech|Paech, Robert Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6DL-76D] - 1920(SA)-1963(SA) - Licences: 5RL Adelaide (Underdale, 1936-1939, 1947-1948); 5LP Adelaide (Seacombe Gardens, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1626, 1936, SA; 2COCP 279, 1939; BOCP 371, 1941; 1COCP 810, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Nevison Page|Page, Leslie Nevison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSBX-CRV] - 1920(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (New Farm, 1937-1939; Brisbane City, 1947); 2NB Sydney (Potts Point, 1954); 2LP Sydney (St Ives, 1955-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1931, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 2NB may have been withdrawn for 2NB Broken Hill - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ascot, Qld, 1928-1929) (too young for 1920 birth, must be a namesake); radio technician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1954); radio engineer (St Ives, NSW, 1958); manager (St Ives, NSW, 1963); electronics engineer (Epping, NSW, 1968; Eastwood, NSW, 1972)

===''PAGET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Ernest Paget|Paget, Harold Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTK-ZBF] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephonist (Valley, Qld, 1925-1926); postal sorter (Ashgrove, Qld, 1928-1949); mail officer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PAICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Cameron Paice|Paice, Donald Cameron &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KD-2FT] - 1932(Vic)-2018(Vic) - Licences: 3ADP Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3055, 1950, Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1954; Mt Waverley, 1963-1980) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 2AJ Valentine Keith Paice
* [[/Valentine Keith Paice|Paice, Valentine Keith &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K3-5T6] - 1904(NZ)-1977(???) - Licences: ZL1AJ (Z1AJ) 1925-1926; VQ1AJ (OO1AJ) Fanning Island (1926-1928); 2AJ (VK2AJ) Sydney 1929; OA4V Peru (1929) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Ashbury, NSW, 1930) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 3ADP Donald Cameron Paice

===''PARADISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Harry Elliker Paradise|Paradise, Eric Harry Elliker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3M-D75] - 1904(Qld)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Stones Corner, Qld, 1925-1937)
===''PARASIERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Isidore Percy Robert Parasiers|Parasiers, Isidore Percy Robert &quot;Robert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9Y-8B1] - 1902(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (City, 1932-1933; Glandore, 1937-1939); 6PS Perth (Inglewood, 1947); 5RF Adelaide (Glandore, 1948); 5RF Murray Bridge (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 952, 1932, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 283, 1936; BOCP 132, 1937; 2COCP 256, 1939; 1COCP 330, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Norman Paris|Paris, James Norman &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWR-B1W] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: &quot;WIA-L5006&quot; Adelaide (Prospect, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur listener; prominent broadcast listener (1950s, 1960s); clubs (Australian DX Radio Club (SA); Southern Cross DX Club) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Radcliffe Parish|Parish, Hugh Radcliffe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCDL-Y23] - 1914(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7CP Launceston (1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1070, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 189, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Burnie, 1936-1937); manager (Winnaleah, 1943-1949); radio executive (Launceston, 1954)
===''PARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles William Park|Park, John Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-N4N] - 1904(Eng)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6BB Perth (South Perth, 1924-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 794, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (South Perth, 1943-1949); radiographer (South Perth, 1958-1980)
===''PARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Cyril Parker|Parker, Keith Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KDSK-X2P] - 1912(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5PA Port Pirie (1933); 5SO Port Elliot (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 348, 1931; 1COCP 213, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio technician (Fiskville, Vic, 1949-1963; Bassendean, WA, 1968); manager (Cairns, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Kenneth Herbert Parker|Parker, Kenneth Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTM1-Q5G] - 1905(WA)-1994(WA) - Licences: 6KP Meekatharra (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1192, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mining register (Meekatharra, WA, 1931-1937); resident magistrate (Cue, WA, 1943; Geraldton, WA, 1943); stipendary magistrate (Northam, WA, 1949); magistrate (Mt Pleasant, WA, 1954; Riverton, WA, 1958-1963; Applecross, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/P. S. Parker|Parker, P. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2CM Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1923, briefly then reverted to 2CY); 2CY Sydney (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet confidently identified but likely Philip Selwyn Parker, engineer, Bellevue Hill, 1930
* [[/Ronald Alexander Parker|Parker, Ronald Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-6BM] - 1908(Vic)-1984(Qld) - 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1926), 3RA Bendigo (1927), 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), 4PT Southport (1980+), qualifications (AOCP 213, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1931), accountant (Hawthorn, 1936-1937), secretary (Malvern, 1943-1949), retired (Southport, 1980)

===''PARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Parr|Parr, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-22T] - 1908(NSW)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3OM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 646, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1943); engineer (Footscray, 1949; Brunswick, 1949-1963; Melbourne City, 1968-1980)
===''PARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alchorne Parry|Parry, Charles Alchorne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8J-BGL] - 1916(Qld)-2009(USA) - Licences: 4CP Gordonvale (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1441, 1935, Qld; BOCP 177, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Education: PhD - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Cairns, Qld, 1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1943)

===''PARSONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warwick William Parsons|Parsons, Warwick William or William Warwick (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2L4-5ZC]- 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PS Adelaide (City, 1933; Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Rose Park, 1954-1974) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1147, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''PATERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Pryde Paterson|Paterson, Paul Pryde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-LPF] - 1915(WA)-1942(PNG) - Licences: 6PP Wiluna (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1961, 1937, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 24 Squadron, Flight Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/paterson-paul-pryde-260515/]
* [[/Raymund Gordon Paterson|Paterson, Raymund or Raymond Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CH-7RX] - 1903(Vic)-1996(Canada) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 506, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Glenferrie, 1926-1928)

===''PATTERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Campbell Patterson|Patterson, Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9Y1-GDH] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5XR Naracoorte (1933-1939); 5XR Peterborough (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1097, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, 1939); electrician (Quorn, 1941-1943)
* [[/James Brown Patterson|Patterson, James Brown]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTW-WDY] - 1833(Eng)-1895(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Politician, briefly Premier of Victoria (1893-1894), Postmaster-General Vic (July 1878 - March 1880) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Charles William Ingram Patterson|Patterson, Robert Charles William Ingram &quot;Charles Ingram&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5T-2Q4] - 1910(Vic)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 3YP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1927-1939; Eaglemont, 1946-1954); 4YP Brisbane (Fig Tree Pocket, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 352, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Mundabullangana, 1931-1937); agent (Fig Tree Pocket, 1958-1968)

===''PAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Anthony Paul|Paul, Leo Anthony]] - 1905(Vic)-1968(Vic) - 3JQ Receive Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1922-1923), 3LP Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1924-1937; Preston, 1938-1939), 3XO Melbourne (Fairfield, 1948-1960; Thornbury, 1965), amateur operator (AOCP 15, 1924, No. 6 in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''PAYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George H. Payne|Payne, George H.]] - 19??(???)-1987(Qld) - 4NEV Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1946+, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, hon. secretary; WIAQ, president, assoc. members section)
* [[/John Payne|Payne, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSL-41Q] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2IN Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1927; Kensington, 1928-1930)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: insurance department manager (Kensington, 1930-1931); secretary (Kensington, 1933)
* [[/Reginald Lewis Payne|Payne, Reginald Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG9-HFF] - 1898(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: 3RP Geelong (Newtown, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 225, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1919-1921); telegraphist (Newtown, 1922-1942) (check XJM R. Payne, Armadale for relationship)
===''PAYTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Payter|Payter, Joseph William]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - early telephone experimenter in Melbourne, mechanic in Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs (one of James Smibert's &quot;Williamstown boys&quot;)

===''PEARCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Ronald Pearce|Pearce, Edward Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR3M-7YJ] - 1916(Vic)-2004(WA) - Licences: 6TP Perth (North Perth, 1936-1939, 1948; Mt Hawthorn, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1757, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (North Perth, WA, 1937); engineer (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Coolbinia, WA, 1980)

===''PEARN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Pearn|Pearn, William Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCKW-JRW] - 1896(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PN Adelaide (Sturt Park, 1934-1939; Wayville West, 1947-1948; Unley, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1378, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Unley, SA, 1939-1941)

===''PEARSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Richman Pearson|Pearson, Ian Richman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-4LF] - 1908(Vic)-1972(Tas) - Licences: 3SP Melbourne (Berwick, 1929-1931); 7KB Burnie (1948-1965); 7KB Port Sorell (1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 528, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Deer Park, Vic, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Burnie, Tas, 1949-1954)

===''PELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Frederick Law Pelling|Pelling, John Charles Frederick Law &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-176] - 1908(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6WO Moojebing (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1213, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Dumbleyung, WA, 1931); farmer (Moojebing, WA, 1936-1943; King River, WA, 1949-1968)

===''PEMBLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Pembleton|Pembleton, Thomas Edward &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HP-JDF] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4ZL Rockhampton (1936-1939;1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1600, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943); turner (Rockhampton North, 1949-1980)

===''PEPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Campbell Pepper|Pepper, Ralph Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC93-1MN] - 1905(NSW)-1984(Qld) - Licences: N742 Receive Tamworth (1922); 2HV Receive Tamworth (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tamworth, 1930; Maroubra, 1931; Artarmon, 1934-1949; Newmarket, Qld, 1954-1972; Alderley, 1977-1980)

===''PERDRIAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carter Perdriau|Perdriau, Henry Carter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D9-L79] - 1895(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: XHC Sydney (1912-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: cousin of 2ZR William James Stanley Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: manager (Chatswood, 1930-1936; Roseville, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Stanley Perdriau|Perdriau, William James Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTH6-8LS] - 1885(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923); 2ZR Sydney (Manly, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: cousin of XHC Henry Carter Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Manly, 1930-1943)
===''PERREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Litchfield Perrey|Perrey, Alexander Litchfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZVM-9P9] - 1898(SA)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 5LP Strathalbyn (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 99, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Francis Cole Perry|Perry, Malcolm Francis Cole]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L679-XR2] - 1891(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: XCP Sydney (Randwick, 1913-1914); 2DG Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1930-1937); editor (Randwick, 1943-1949; Coogee, 1954-1958); counsellor (Hazelbrook, 1958-1963)

===''PETERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Zornig Peters|Peters, Henry Zornig &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4XX-HBC] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ZP Maryborough (1937-1939); 4ZP Sarina (1947-1956); 4ZP Cooroy (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1978, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Yerra via Maryborough, Qld, 1936-1937; Sarina, 1943); farmer (Cooroy, 1963-1980)

===''PETERSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Marzanti Petersen|Petersen, Thomas William Marzanti &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 1919(Qld)-1981(Qld) - 4FY Brisbane (Cooparoo Heights, 1946-1947), 4YO Moreton Island (1975), amateur operator (AOCP 2321, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor), military (WW2, AIF), employment (Hills TV service), business proprietor (Advance Radio, Wynnum Radio Repairs)
===''PETERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Franz Peterson|Peterson, Harold Franz]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-CV1] - 1888(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HP Sydney (Coogee, 1930-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 617, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector (Coogee, 1930-1958)
* [[/Rupert Clarence Peterson|Peterson, Rupert Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87D-VJ3] - 1910(Vic)-2000(NSW) - Licences: 7AZ Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922-1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923-1924); 3PT Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 401, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 96, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949; Ivanhoe, 1954-1977); retired (Merimbula, 1980)
* [[/Walter Peterson|Peterson, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QP Melbourne (Toorak, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 689, 1930, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kew, 1925); telephone engineer (Kew, 1926-1928); engineer (Toorak, 1931-1937); secretary (Lilydale, 1943-1954); electrical instrument maker (Collingwood North, 1967-1968) - several contemporaneous WPs
* [[/Walter Martin Peterson|Peterson, Walter Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDRD-G6B] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6LW Perth (West Perth, 1937; East Perth, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; City, 1954-1956; City Beach, 1960-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1864, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Balcatta, WA, 1931-1936; North Perth, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1937-1943); radio engineer (East Perth, WA, 1949-1958); lecturer (City Beach, WA, 1963-1977)

===''PHELPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Phelps|Phelps, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D5-97G] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DL Sydney (Canterbury, 1931-1939, 1946; Ashbury, 1947-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 769, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1935-1937; Ashfield, 1942; Ashbury, 1949-1963)
===''PHILBIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Philbin|Philbin, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKL-L7L] - 1889(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7FP Queenstown (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ulverstone, 1914); electrician (Queenstown, 1919-1937); electrical fitter (Queenstown, 1949-1954); to NSW 1940s
===''PHILLIPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan William Albert Phillips|Phillips, Alan William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-LD4] - 1915(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5GX Adelaide (Somerton, 1936-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1601, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (St Leonards, SA, 1939; South Plympton, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Albert Maurice Phillips|Phillips, Albert Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-GGP] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5ZU Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1713, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Gordon George Phillips|Phillips, Gordon George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7V-TB1] - 1887(NSW)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 93, 1915; 1COCP 321, 1933 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Townsville, 1912-1919); radio telegraphist (Currie, King Island, 1922); telegraphist (South Townsville, 1925); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1937)
* [[/Harry Edward James Thomas Phillips|Phillips, Harry Edward James Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZW-SXG] - 1896(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1933; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Merlynstone, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 532, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: slaughterman (Newmarket, 1919); butcher (Emerald, 1922; Mitcham, 1924-1936; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1949)
* [[/James Graham Phillips|Phillips, James Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-8JC] - 1909(SA)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 5BW Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1931; Somerton, 1933-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 256, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Somerton, 1939-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/606863]
* [[/Noel William Phillips|Phillips, Noel William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9FX-877] - 1911(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4NP Ipswich (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1396, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Public Works Dept) - Electoral Rolls: painter (Ipswich, Qld, 1936-1937)
===''PHILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurance Vincent Phillis|Phillis, Laurance Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5R-98V] - 1900(SA)-1953(SA) - Licences: 5LP Adelaide (South Payneham, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1136, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PHILPOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Hanmer Philpot|Philpot, Clarence Hanmer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMRM-C7S] - 1906(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Geelong (1923); 3CP Geelong (1924-1925); 3CP Warrnambool (1925-1926); 3KL Ararat (1927); 3KL Avoca (1931-1937); 3KL Horsham (1938-1939); 3KL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 381, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Derrinallum, 1928; Avoca, 1931-1936); postal (Elsternwick, 1942-1980)
===''PHILPOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Jones Philpott|Philpott, Oliver Jones]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LJ-52T] - 1869(???)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Sandringham, 1919); manager (Caulfield, 1921-1927)
===''PHIPPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Roger Sydney Phipps|Phipps, William Roger Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZX2-Z6G] - 1896(Eng)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6WP Perth (Subiaco, 1924-1927; Victoria Park, 1930-1933; South Perth, 1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 111, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 16, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Subiaco, 1921); electrical fitter (Subiaco, 1925); radio operator (Victoria Park, 1931; South Perth, 1936-1972)

===''PIKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Herbert Arthur Pike|Pike, John Herbert Arthur &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MT5R-K62] - 1890(NSW)-1961(NSW) - XJP Sydney (Arncliffe, 1911), XDY Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912-1914), XDZ Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912), 2DF Receive Sydney (Epping, 1922-1924), 2JP Sydney (Epping, 1925-1929; Greenwich, 1930-1939, 1946-1961), amateur operator (AOCP 130, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, AWA (research, later draftsman)
===''PINNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chalker Pinnell|Pinnell, John Chalker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z5-P4G] - 1902(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923-1924); 2ZR Sydney (Marrickville, 1929-1934; Ashfield, 1935-1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1939, 1946-1950; Earlwood, 1954-1961; Croydon, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 547, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1934; Ashfield, 1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1949); teacher (Earlwood, 1954-1963); retired (Ashfield, 1968; Mt Kuringai, 1980)
===''PINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Pinney|Pinney, C. R.]] - 18??-19?? - 4CP Port Moresby - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''PITCHFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stuart Frederick Pitchford|Pitchford, William Stuart Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5C-X48] - 1906(Eng)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (City, 1926-1933; Hyde Park, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 254, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Reade Park, 1939-1943)

===''PITTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Graham Pitts|Browne, Reginald Graham or Graham Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGB-56Y] - 1915(SA)-2005(WA) - Licences: 5GP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1934-1939); 5GP Alice Springs (1947); 5GE Port Augusta (1955-1975); 5GE Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1377, 1934, SA; 2COCP 189, 1938; 1COCP 225, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: finisher (Torrensville, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Alice Springs, NT, 1949)

===''POLLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henderson Pollock|Pollock, John Henderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFM-9TQ] - 1895(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Moorooka, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Moorooka, Qld, 1922-1926); insurance manager (Townsville, Qld, 1928-1937); insurance agent (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''PONSONBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bessborough Ponsonby|Ponsonby, John Bessborough]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 466, 1919; 1COCP 50, 1930 - coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls:

===''POPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maitland Glen Pope|Pope, Maitland Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ4K-FN6] - 1884(WA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 122, 1915; 1COCP 153, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1906); civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); civil servant (Hobart North, Tas, 1914); officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1919-1921); wireless expert (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925); wireless operator (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1927-1931); supervisor (Essendon, Vic, 1936-1954)

===''PORTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Glanville Porter|Porter, Leonard Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLX-765] - 1897(SA)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5MP Huddlestone (1938-1939; 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 966, 1927; 1COCP 73, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1924); wireless operator (5PI Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''POTTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Potter|Potter, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-38V] - 1915(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6ZO Perth (East Fremantle, 1937-1939; Bicton, 1947-1965; Melville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1959, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (East Fremantle, WA, 1937-1943); contractor (East Fremantle, WA, 1949-1958; Melville, 1963); builder (Melville, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Francis Potter|Potter, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G878-638] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2WP Helensburgh (1928-1939); 2WP Fairy Meadow (1948-1950); 2WP Charlestown (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 399, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 38, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Helensburgh, 1930-1937); mechanic (Fairy Meadow, 1949); shiftman (Charlestown, 1954); electrical mechanic (Charlestown, 1958); railway employee (New Lambton, 1958)

===''POTTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Charles Pottie|Pottie, Norman Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V3D-JFZ] - 1909(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HQ Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931; Hunters Hill, 1933-1938; Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 589, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933; Hunters Hill, 1936-1937; Albury, 1943; Willoughby, 1949-1958)
===''POULSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valdemar Poulsen|Poulsen, Valdemar]] - 1869(Denmark)-1942(Denmark) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - inventor of a magnetic wire recorder, Poulsen arc transmitter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [[w:Valdemar Poulsen|Wikipedia]]; [https://ethw.org/Valdemar_Poulsen IEEE]; [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Valdemar-Poulsen Britannica]
===''POWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Power|Power, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PRESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Arthur Campbell Preston|Preston, Thomas Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDV-FFD] - 1886(Tas)-1970(Tas) - Licences: 7BK Queenstown (1923-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 190, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Mount Lyell Co (electrical engineer, 1920s; chief engineer) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Queenstown, 1919-1954)
===''PRESTON-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cedric Preston-Smith see Cedric Preston Smith

===''PRICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Clarey Price|Price, John Clarey &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7GR-V19] - 1884(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4CE (Receive) 1922; 4FI or 4FJ Brisbane (Bardon, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); radio business proprietor (Wireless House); public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wooloowin, 1912-1913); public servant (Bardon Estate, 1919-1936; Bardon, 1943-1954)
* [[/Keith Ferguson Price|Price, Keith Ferguson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-TPD] - 1900(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4KF Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1937-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1937, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1926); engineering instructor (Camp Hill, Qld, 1937-1943); electrical engineer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PRIDDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Arthur Priddle|Priddle, Raymond Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-PNF] - 1913(NSW)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Bathurst (1929-1936); 2RA Sydney (Marrickville, 1938-1939; Greenwich, 1946; Pymble, 1947-1961; Wahroonga, 1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 473, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Yass, 1935; Marrickville, 1936-1943; Lane Cove, 1943; Pymble, 1949-1963); engineer (Wahroonga, 1968)
===''PRIDEAUX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Charles Prideaux|Prideaux, Joseph Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-Y6H] - 1908(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4DS Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: musician (Lismore, NSW, 1935-1943); hairdresser (Lismore, NSW, 1949-1968)
===''PRIDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Clifford Pridham|Pridham, Leslie Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK2-H6C] - 1916(SA)-2007(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2047, 1937, SA; BOCP 301, 1940; 1COCP 834, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Lockleys, SA, 1943)

===''PRINCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Prince|Prince, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKT-ZLR] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5WK Adelaide (Walkerville, 1934-1939; Kurralta Park, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1358, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Queenstown, SA, 1941); fitter (Gracemere, SA, 1943); sheet metal worker (Broadview Gardens, SA, 1943)

===''PROPOSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilhelm Carl Lormann Proposch|Proposch, Wilhelm or William Carl Lormann or Forman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVN-TGW] - 1900(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4PL Chinchilla (1937-1939); 4PL Nanango (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1986, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wellborer (Maclargan via Jondaryan, Qld, 1925-1936); radio dealer (Chinchilla, Qld, 1937; Nanango, Qld, 1943-1968)

===''PRYZBILLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Alfred Pryzibilla|Pryzibilla, Colin Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKD-1SY] - 1910(SA)-2001(SA)91yo - Licences: 5XJ Adelaide (Parkside, 1935-1939, 19471960; Brooklyn Park, 1965-1969; Ascot Park, 1975; Plympton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1590, 1935, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PURDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Commodore Vere Purdon|Purdon, Commodore Vere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ28-Y6B] - 1901(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1922); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1922; Hobart South, 1928; Bellerive, 1936-1954)

=='''Q'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''QUICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Quick|Quick, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKWF-QQF] - 1852(Eng)-1932(Vic) - state politician (MLA Vic, 1880s &amp; 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1909-1910), oversight of 1909 Melbourne Wireless Telegraphy Conference - Links: [[w:John_Quick_(politician)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/quick-sir-john-8140 ADB]
===''QUIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Quin|Quin, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-TP8] - 1910(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6CX Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937; Wembley, 1938-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 678, 1930, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 178, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wembley Park, 1937); accountant (Swanbourne, 1963); retire (Swanbourne, 1972-1977)

=='''R'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''RADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Dynan Radford|Radford, Wilfred or William Dynan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/92MT-KNF] - 1916(Qld)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4WV Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); 4WW Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1624, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: theological student (Hunters Hill, NSW, 1943); clergyman (Toongabbie, NSW, 1954); priest (Marist College, Armidale, NSW, 1958; Toongabbie, NSW, 1963-1968; Hunters Hill, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RAGLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Beaumont Ragless|Ragless, Gordon Beaumont]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMY3-58F] - 1909(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5GR Adelaide (St Marys, 1928-1939; Marion, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 434, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchard assistant (St Marys, 1939-1943)

===''RAINBOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Rainbow|Rainbow, Christopher James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87K-BB5] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Melbourne (Preston, 1928-1954; West Preston, 1955-1969; Rosebud, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 406, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, partnership (Supreme Radio Co, Preston ?-1932), WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Preston, 1931-1942); traveller (Preston, 1949-1972; Rosebud, 1977); retired (Rosebud, 1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3PA Percy James Anderson
===''RAMSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Ramsay|Ramsay, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-4RT] - 1871(Eng)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Toowong, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hermit Park, Qld, 1903-1905; South Brisbane, Qld, 1912; West End, Qld, 1915-1919); accountant (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925; Waverley, NSW, 1930-1934); teacher (Waverley, NSW, 1936-1943)
* [[/Robert Ramsay|Ramsay, Robert ]] - 1842(Sct)-1882(Vic) - solicitor, Victorian politician, Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1874 - Aug 1875; Oct 1875 - May 1877)

===''RANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Otto Randell|Randell, Charles Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97TF-XLP] - 1880(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BK Innisfail (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (callsign to 4BK Brisbane commercial 1930) - Comment: 4AC Leslie Waters employed by Randell Engineering - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Hambledon, 1903); chemist (Goondi, 1908); engineer (Innisfail, 1912-1913); mechanical engineer (Townsville, 1915); analytical chemist (Innisfail, 1919-1930); agent (Toowong, 1936); chemist (Brisbane, 1937); industrial chemist (North Sydney, 1949)
===''RANKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Ronald Rankin|Rankin, Kenneth Ronald &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2RC-8FS] - 1906(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3KR Kerang (1926-1939); 3KR Benalla (1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 242, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kerang, 1928-1937); manager (Benalla, 1949-1963) - Probate: Theatre Manager (Benalla, 1965)
===''RANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Rann|Rann, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDG-VMV] - 1908(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6KO Perth (Nedlands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1000, 1932, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Nedlands, WA, 1931); printer (West Subiaco, WA, 1936; Wembley, WA, 1937-1943; Leederville, WA, 1954-1958); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1963-1972)

===''RAYNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Rayner|Rayner, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQQ-2LK] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LJ Sydney (Stanmore, 1928-1930; Belmore, 1931-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 384, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 425, 1933; 1COCP 335, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Annandale, 1930); constable (Belmore, 1933-1934); police constable (Belmore, 1937-1949)

===''READ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Earl Read|Read, Alfred Earl &quot;Earl&quot;]] - 1892(NZ)-1960(NZ) - journalist (editor NZ Radio Times to 1936; editor and proprietor, Australasian Radio World 1936-1940; manager, Australasian Radio World 1940+)
* [[/Allan William Read|Read, Allan William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1B-WF2] - 1913(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6LK Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1933); 6LK Northam (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 735, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 163, 1934; 1COCP 83, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broadcasting Station, Northam, WA, 1936-1937); radio technician (North Perth, WA, 1943-1958); public servant (Nollamara, WA, 1963-1980)

===''READER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/d'Arcy Harold Reader|Reader, d'Arcy Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KX-8N8] - 1888(NZ)-1952(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 123, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Thursday Island, Qld, 1916-1917)

===''READING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Reading|Reading, Edward Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZW7-9DL] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2RG Bangalow (1925-1929), 2LT Lismore (1965-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, electrician, Reading Bros (proprietor &amp; electrical engineer, 1930-1939), 2RG callsign may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 2RG Griffith commercial
* [[/Leonard William Reading|Reading, Leonard William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2LY-H23] - 1904(WA)-1989(WA) - Licences: 6LR Northam (1933-1936); 3TQ Newport (1937); 6LR Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939; South Perth, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1200, 1933, Vic; 1COCP 384, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Northam, WA, 1925-1936; Newport, Vic, 1937); airman (South Perth, WA, 1943); supervisor (Karinup, WA, 1980)

===''REDDROP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Reddrop|Reddrop, James William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1T-SYY] - 1906(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Launceston (1934-1937); 3BN Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 28, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: airman (Elsternwick, 1931; St Kilda, 1937); air force (Elsternwick, 1942-1954); air force officer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1958); RAAF officer (Campbell, 1963); retired (Hackett, ACT, 1968); representative (Tbre Lake, 1972-1980)

===''REED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Griffiths Reed|Reed, Joseph Griffiths &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC6Y-GZZ] - 1897(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: XABP Newcastle (1914); 2JR Sydney(Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Croydon, 1934-1939; Northbridge, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 710, 1922; 1COCP 235, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Summer Hill, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1943-1968)

===''REEDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Bennett Reedman|Reedman, Alfred Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZLN-MVM] - 1896(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Norman Park, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919-1921; Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1980)

===''REES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Montague Elyder Rees|Rees, Richard Montague Elyder]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXW-S6Y] - 1901(Eng)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 2RE Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1927; Coogee, 1928-1930); 2WM Sydney (Enfield, 1931-1933); 2APW Albury (1946-1947); 3APW Darling (1948-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 296, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 959, 1927; 2COCP 283, 1930; BOCP 107, 1937; 1COCP 941, 1945 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Enfield, 1931-1937)

===''REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Dwyer Reilly|Reilly, Edward or Edwin Dwyer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S5-67P] - 1913(Vic)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (Woodville, 1935-1939; Brooklyn Park, 1947-1975; Aldinga, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1524, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Woodville, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Eric Harold Reilly|Reilly, Eric Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L153-S1X] - 1905(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4ER Brisbane (Hill End, 1934-1937); 4ER Laidley (1938-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1339, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ, WICEN) - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Hill End, Qld, 1934-1937); motor mechanic (Laidley, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''REIMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Alwin Reimann|Reimann, Albert Alwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4RD-V3K] - 1905(SA)-1946(SA) - Licences: 5JO Adelaide (Kent Town, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 453, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''REINARTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John L. Reinartz|Reinartz, John L.]] - 1894(Ger)-1964(USA) - 1QP (1908-?), 1XAM, W3RB, K6BJ USA, amateur operator, with Fred Schnell made first Trans-Atlantic 2 Way QSO with F8AB Leon Deloy
===''REINHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Cyril Reinhold|Reinhold, Edwin Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHH4-WWR] - 1900(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: Q747 Receive Brisbane (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clayfield, 1925); motor mechanic (Gracefield, 1931-1949); soldier (Sherwood, 1954-1980)

===''RENNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rennie|Rennie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HI Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. M. Rennie|Rennie, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QF Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/K. M. Rennie|Rennie, K. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AO Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RENSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Phillip Renshaw|Renshaw, Walter Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9KS-1LX] - 1891(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: XFP Sydney (Roseville, 1912-1914); 2DE Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 370, 1918 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator - amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIA NSW - 1912+, President, Federal President); professional clubs (IRE NSW - founding member); business (consulting engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Hon. Sec. WIA NSW) - Comment: late 1930s entangled in a NSW State Government corruption enquiry - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Roseville, 1936-1954; Ashfield, 1958-1968)
===''RENWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Griffith Renwick|Renwick, Arthur Griffith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-8XV] - 1902(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2CG Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 292, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Roseville, 1930-1937); chemist (Drummoyne, 1943-1954); retail chemist (Strathfield, 1958-1963)

===''RETALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Moncrieff Retallick|Retallick, James Moncrieff]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKK3-QDW] - 1898(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2XO Bellingen (1930-1939, 1946-1947); 2FE Portable Bellingen (1933-1939); 2XO Raleigh (1948-1955); 2XO Coffs Harbour (1956-1958); 2XO Urunga (1960-1969);  - Qualifications: AOCP 664, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: attendant (Substation, Raleigh, 1949-1954); electrical mechanic (Urunga, 1963-1968)

===''REYNOLDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Daniel Reynolds|Reynolds, George Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9J-VBQ] - 1886(NZ)-1964(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 180, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1917; Cooktown, 1928); radio (Malvern, 1934-1937); wireless operator (New Farm, 1943); radio station manager (Townsville, 1949); retired (Malvern, 1954-1963)

===''RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Rhodes|Rhodes, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BS-QMC] - 1887?(???)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Kadina (1923); 5HR Kadina (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Needs more research - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quorn, 1939-1943; Grassmere, 1943)

===''RIBBETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Ribbett|Ribbett, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQQ-YRJ] - 1880(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''RICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fry Rich|Rich, Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-YZ3] - 1873(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 4CR Fife Bay, Papua - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Father of 4VX 2AJZ 9VX 2API Mackendrick Charles William Rich - Electoral Rolls: retired (Chatswood, NSW, 1943-1949)
* [[/Mackendrick Charles William Rich|Rich, Mackendrick Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-5MB] - 1903(PNG)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 4VX Samarai, Papua (1938-1939); 2AJZ Sydney (Chatswood, 1946); 9VX Port Moresby (1947-1948); 2API Sydney (Manly Vale, 1954-1955; Balgowlah, 1956-1969; Manly Vale, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 4CR Charles Fry Rich - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Manly Vale, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Manly Vale, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RICHARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. F. Richards|Richards, G. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (Moonah, 1923); 2237 Hobart (Moonah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/George Richards|Richards, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDM-JZ6] - 1888(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4XK Ipswich (1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 575, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mine manager (Silkstone, 1917-1932; Booval, 1936-1958)
* [[/Maurice Evans Richards|Richards, Maurice Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-KPB] - 1910(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5CY Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); 5MR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 369, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Likely a relation of 5WR Wilfred Mayo Richards - Electoral Rolls: welder (Millswood East, SA, 1943) 
* [[/Norman Henry Richards|Richards, Norman Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-NL1] - 1912(Eng)-2007(Qld) - Licences: 4NR Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1932-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1071, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1937); mechanic (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1943); refrigeration engineer (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1963-1968); retired (Glasshouse Mountains, Qld, 1972-1977; Tin Can Bay, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Victor John Richards|Richards, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-3HH] - 1916(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6JR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1894, 1937, WA; 2COCP 265, 1939; 1COCP 367, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Nedlands, WA, 1937); radio operator (Alice Springs, NT, 1943); machinery assistant (Wivenhoe, Tas, 1949); radio technician (Darlinghurst West, NSW, 1949; Charters Towers, Qld, 1949)); radio operator (Carlingford, NSW, 1954); radio technician (Blacktown, NSW, 1958); technician (Applecross, WA, 1958-1972); radio officer (Applecross, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Mayo Richards|Richards, Wilfred Mayo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-6W4] - 1896(SA)-1948(SA) - 5WR Adelaide (Medindie Gardens, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 364, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - certainly a relation of 5MR Maurice Evans Richards

===''RICHARDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Kennington Richardson|Richardson, Alan Kennington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRM-73L] - 1914(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5AR Adelaide (Everard Park, 1934-1939; City, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1277, 1934, SA; AOLCP 201, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Everard Park, SA, 1939)
* [[/Jasper Bede Richardson|Richardson, Jasper Bede]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-LTY] - 1907(WA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 6LX Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1933; Hollywood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 831, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (East Fremantle, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Hollywood, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943; East Fremantle, WA, 1949); mechanic (Bicton, WA, 1954-1968)
* [[/John Keith Richardson|Richardson, John Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QQ-76P] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Tas) - Licences: 4KR Barcaldine (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: overseer (&quot;Ashgrove&quot;, Gore, 1930-1932)

===''RICKABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorimer Douglas Rickaby|Rickaby, Lorimer Douglas &quot;Rick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMR4-Z8W] - 1906(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4VR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Coopers Plains, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 485, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4VL, 4AK, 4BK); military (WW2, RAN); ship wireless officer; security officer (MSS) - Relationships: father of 4RX Brian ??? Rickaby; father-in-law of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1931-1934); radio engineer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949);  meter reader (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1958-1972) 
* [[/Brian ??? Rickaby|Rickaby, Brian ???]] - Licences: 4ZAP Brisbane (Coopers Plains, 1960); 4RX Brisbane (Salisbury, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOLCP; AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; broadcast engineer (Qld State Broadcasting Office, P&amp;TD / DoC / DoTaC / ABA) - Relationships: son of 4VR Lorimer Douglas Rickaby; husband of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls:

===''RIETHMULLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Riethmuller|Riethmuller, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64Z-XCL] - 1903(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4SK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 250, 1930; 1COCP 299, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jandowae, 1936); radio technician (Wellington, NSW, 1937; Moorooka, 1943); radio operator (Darlinghurst, 1949; Wahroonga, 1963-1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1972-1980)
===''RING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Mostyn Ring|Ring, Keith Mostyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB8-YR7] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5KH Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1932-1939, 1947-1948; Marion, 1954; Eden Hills, 1955-1969); 5KH Williamstown (1975); 5KH Kapunda (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 923, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Jamestown, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Leo Ring|Ring, Thomas Leo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-D97] - 1893(Vic)-1945(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 233, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1916; Sandgate, 1921); clerical assistant (Bowen, Qld, 1925); postmaster (Texas, 1930-1937); retired (Hendra, Qld, 1943)

===''RIPPEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Adolf Heinrich Gerhard Rippen|Rippen, Adolf Heinrich Gerhard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-QSB] - 1919(WA)-1941(Off coast of Kenya) - Licences: 6GR Perth (Fremantle, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1731, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, HMAS Sydney II, Telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fremantle, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.sydneymemorial.com/registrydetails.asp?ID=478 HMAS Sydney II Memorial]; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/644953 VWMA]; [http://www.streetwisemedia.com.au/unknown-sydney-sailor-named-after-80-years/ Streetwise]

===''RIVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Ronald Rivers|Rivers, Edmund Ronald or Ronald Edmund]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJH-V2S] - 1901(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3ER Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1922-1923); 3ER Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 767, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RIX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Henry George Rix|Rix, Walter Henry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MMQX-KZQ] - 1898(Qld)-1923(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Receive Brisbane (Bulimba, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: tram conductor (Valley, Qld, 1919-1921)

===''ROBBINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Fellows Robbins|Robbins, Thomas Fellows]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-2SL] - 1918(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5DK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1935-1937; Malvern, 1938-1939); 5AQ Leigh Creek (1954-1960); 5AQ Port Augusta (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1548, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Malvern, SA, 1941-1943)

===''ROBERTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles D'Arcy Roberts|Roberts, Charles D'Arcy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-VBN] - 1909(NSW)-1943(Burma) - licences: 2JV Sydney (Greenwich, 1928-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 408, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (signalman, 8 Division Signals, 1943) - Electoral rolls: clerk (Lane Cove, 1930-1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Harry Mayland Roberts|Roberts, Harry Mayland or Mayfield (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLH-KKF] - 1912(SA)-1979(SA) - Licences: 5MY Adelaide (Alberton East, 1931; Myrtle Bank, 1938-1939; Fullarton Estate, 1947-1954; Plympton, 1955-1965; North Plympton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 763, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Myrtle Bank, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/J. C. A. Roberts|Roberts, J. C. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAAY Sydney (Parramatta, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Identification: Not yet identified, despite three given names - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Nicholas William Roberts|Roberts, Nicholas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-XKV] - 1915(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5NR Adelaide (St Peters, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1228, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, age 21yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Noel Grafton Roberts|Roberts, Noel Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRD-CCL] - 1924(Eng)-2008(Eng) - Licences: 5NR Katherine (1947) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 589, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio inspector (Tally Ho, Vic, 1967-1968; Glen Waverley, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/Richard George Crafter Roberts|Roberts, Richard George Crafter or Crofter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWFZ-Z24] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2UU Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 750, 1922; 2COCP 430, 1933; 1COCP 505, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ashfield, 1933-1936; Lovetts Bay, 1943; Chatswood, 1949-1958)
* [[/Russell Flexmore Roberts|Roberts, Russell Flexmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL4K-265] - 18??-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4PN Brisbane (West End, 1927-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 372, 1927, No. 41 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; television experimenter (4CM); broadcaster (4BC, manager) - Electoral Rolls: musical director (South Brisbane, 1919); musician (Coorparoo, 1934); manager (Yeronga, 1936-1937); alderman (Annerley, 1954)
* [[/V. Roberts|Roberts, V.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBERTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Desmond Robertson|Robertson, Brian Desmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-W63] - 1921(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 1RD Macquarie Island (1950s); 5RD Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 998, 1946 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/David Sterling Robertson|Robertson, David Sterling]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-F7H] - 1920(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Mt Lofty, 1937-1939, 1948-1965); 1ATR Canberra (Deakin, 1956; Yarralumla, 1960); 5RN Adelaide (Stirling, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1944, 1937, SA; 2COCP 346, 1940; 1COCP 405, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 5YL-1YL Denise Alison Robertson nee Haslam - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (North Sydney, 1943)
* [[/Denise Alison Robertson|Robertson nee Haslam, Denise Alison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-JWG] - 1927(NSW)-2008(SA) - Licences: 1YL Canberra (Yarralumla, 1960-1965); 5YL Adelaide (Stirling, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3552, 1956, ACT - amateur operator; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 5RN-1ATR David Sterling Robertson - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Robinson|Robinson, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1G8-ZJ2] - 1900(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Hunter's Hill, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 498/499, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical meter tester (Haberfield, 1933-1936) - 2GR callsign previously held by Joseph Sydney Marks
* [[/Arthur Robinson|Robinson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-4PP] - 1926(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ABF Sale (1948-1956); 3ABF Melbourne (Croydon, 1960); 3ABF Traralgon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2710, 1948, Vic; TVOCP 184, 1959 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Croydon, 1963); PMG TV technician (Traralgon, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles John Robinson|Robinson, Charles John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJD-DC5] - 1908(Tas)-2004(???) - Licences: 7RC Launceston (1936-1937); 7KR Launceston (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1668, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carter (Launceston, 1936-1937); cordial maker (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John William Robinson|Robinson, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7H-Q61] - 1895(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2EN Receive Sydney (Ryde, 1922-1923); 2RN Receive Sydney (Concord, 1923); 4RN Brisbane (Kedron, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur broadcaster; Honorary Radio Inspector NSW; First director 4QG - Comment: several contemporaneous JWRs - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Merthyr, Qld, 1925-1926); radio engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1928); engineer (Herston, 1936-1937)

===''ROBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Laudreux Robson|Robson, Colin Laudreux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYV-TL8] - 1916(WA)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6XI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1937-1939); 6XI Northam (1947-1948); 6XI Waterloo (1954-1960); 6XI bunbury (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 181, 1936; AOCP 2055, 1937, WA; BOCP 234, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (6AM Quarters, Northam, WA, 1949; 6TZ, Waterloo, WA, 1958-1963; Bunbury, WA, 1968-1972)

===''ROCKWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Bruce Rockwell|Rockwell, Horace Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K882-BWV] - 1887(Tas)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XQH Brisbane (Wynnum) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; WW1; WW2; a founder of Wireless Institute of Queensland 1912 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1913; Wynnum, Qld, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Enoggera, Qld, 1919; Chelmer, Qld, 1925); electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1936-1937); soldier (Middle Head, NSW, 1943); engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1949)

===''RODDA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William David Rodda|Rodda, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WK-4JB] - 1907(WA)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WR Perth (Claremont, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 435, 1928, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1191, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Claremont, 1931-1936; Nedlands, 1937; Claremont, 1943); control operator (Nedlands, 1949-1954); technician (Perth, 1958)

===''RODWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Rodwell|Rodwell, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWX8-VG7] - 1909(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Bowen Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1936-1937); grocer (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); company manager (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1968); bookseller (Aspley, Qld, 1972)

===''ROGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Stanley Rogers|Rogers, Bernard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPV-L34] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FG Adelaide (Blackwood, 1934-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1948; Glandore, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1274, 1934, SA; 1COCP 907, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Edwardstown, SA, 1939-1943)

===''ROHDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Campbell Rohde|Rohde, William Campbell &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76S-GRF] - 1907(Qld)-1991(Qld) - Licences: 4RW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 493, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (YWCA Wireless Club); comms engineer (PMGD); broadcast engineer (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Red Hill, 1934-1943; Newmarket, 1949); postal engineer (Coorparoo, 1958-1980)

===''ROLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Rolls|Rolls, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-V3F] - 1886(???)-1957(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Auburn, Vic, 1916-1919); naval officer (Camberwell, Vic, 1924-1925); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1928-1949)

===''ROSCOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Thomas Roscoe|Roscoe, Geoffrey Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QR-GJY] - 1900(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Receive Condamine (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Condamine, Qld, 1925; Macknade, Qld, 1936-1937; Boonah, Qld, 1943); retired (St Lucia, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''ROSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William (Qld) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-JJM] - 1911(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4RR Brisbane (1925); 4RQ Longreach (1930-1939, 1946-1948); 2AQR Wallsend (1956-1961); 2AQR Avoca (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 576, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; chemist - Comment: Another Robert William Rose b1923 BOCP 993 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowong, 1925); chemist (Longreach, 1936-1949; West Wallsend, 1958-1963; Avoca Beach, 1968)
* [[/Robert William (Vic) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Vic)]] - 1923(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 993, 1948; 3AIR 1790, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROSENSKJAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rosenskjar|Rosenskjar, F.]] - 19??-19?? - 4?? Brisbane (Fairfield) (Operator 4BI), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''ROSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander David Ross|Ross, Alexander David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68V-KFR] - 1883(Sct)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Professor of Mathematics &amp; Physics, University of Perth) - Electoral Rolls: university professor (Perth Club, 1916; West Perth, 1925-1954); retired (Albany, WA, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-alexander-david-8270 ADB]; [[w:Alexander_David_Ross|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.news.uwa.edu.au/archive/201206204747/features/setting-standards-excellence/ UWA]
* [[/John Francis Ross|Ross, John Francis &quot;Jack&quot;]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer (PMGD); journalist (editor, The Broadcaster); historian (broadcasting, Amateur Radio, radiocommunications); author (&quot;History of Radio in South Australia&quot;; &quot;Radio Broadcast Technology&quot;) - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROUTLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Angus Routledge|Routledge, Robert Angus &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX2-BDP] - 1913(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5RA Adelaide (Richmond, 1930-1931; Henley Beach, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 679, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Henley, 1939); radio technician (Henley, 1941); physics technician (Glenelg, 1943)

===''ROWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. L. Rowe|Rowe, R. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2LR Sydney (Milsons Point, 1928; McMahons Point, 1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 267, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ROWLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert George Rowland|Rowland, Robert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH14-G2J] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Ballarat (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 657, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Grovedale, 1924); storekeeper (Majorca, 1925-1927; Ballarat, 1931); radio dealer (Ballarat, 1936-1980) - Don't Confuse: 3ZGG/3AFS Robert George Rowlands

===''ROWLATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Rowlatt|Rowlatt, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCMJ-HZT] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1915-1921); engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1925-1937); mechanical engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1943-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''ROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Roy|Roy, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 577, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator?; amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Individual not yet identified (115 Skene St, Warrnambool, Vic - 1930)
===''ROYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Arthur Kirkcaldy Royle|Royle, William Arthur Kirkcaldy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ13-BBQ] - 1909(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2WA Sydney (Edgecliff, 1927-1928); 2AWK Sydney (Darling Point, 1946-1950; Sandringham, 1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 318, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: underwriter (Edgecliff, 1936-1954); agent (Sandringham, 1958)

===''RUBAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Peter Ruban|Ruban, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-DMS] - 1925(???)-2015(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Footscray North, 1963-1968); technician (Maidstone, Vic, 1972-1980)
===''RUMBOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Rumbold|Rumbold, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VKD-BSQ] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Bendigo (1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 349, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Bendigo, 1928); insurance agent (Kyneton, 1931; Shepparton, 1931; Bendigo, 1936-1937); assistant superintendent (Bendigo, 1942-1954); cabinet maker (Bendigo, 1963-1972)
===''RUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Ruse|Ruse, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZMB-QWY] - 1891(Vic)-1987(WA)95yo - Licences: 6WK Perth (Perth City, 1930-1931; Osborne Park, 1933-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 627, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Osborne Park, 1916-1972); retired (Bunbury, 1977-1980)

===''RYAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Ryan|Ryan, Albert John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWH-V6X] - 1897(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 2LE Canberra (Kingston, 1930-1933); 2YN Canberra (Kingston, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: CPRT 489, 1919; AOLCP 80, 1932; no record of AOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; broadcast engineer; PMGD (junior mechanic NSW, 1917; clerk, 1919); founder of 2CA Canberra commercial - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AJR's
* [[/George Edward Ryan|Ryan, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-RCC] - 1910(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Dutton Park, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1633, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; telephone mechanic (PMGD) - Comment: several contemporaneous GERs - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943-1954); PMG Instructor (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); instructor (Taringa, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''RYMILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Campbell Rymill|Rymill, Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXVS-CTB] - 1907(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Riddoch Rymill|Rymill, Robert Riddoch]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5N-YC9] - 1904(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: V753 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GX Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ethnologist (South Yarra, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/535352 WW2]

=='''S'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''SAAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Saar|Saar, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ52-N3K] - 1889(???)-1956(WA) - Licences: 6CZ Receive Perth (West Perth, 1923); 6CZ Northam (1923-1925); 6KM Eucla (1926-1927); 6KM Geraldton (1933); 6KM Perth (Maylands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 264, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph lineman (North Perth, WA, 1915); postal electrician (Northam, WA, 1917); mechanic (Bunbury, WA, 1916-1917; Balkatta, WA, 1922; Eucla, WA, 1925-1926; North Perth, WA, 1928; Maylands, WA, 1931); postal electrician (Maylands, WA, 1936-1954)

===''SAGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Noel Sagar|Sagar, Eric Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-4J9] - 1896(SA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 5CM Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); 5CM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1924-1926); 4ES Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Halcyon: Not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: manager (Greenslopes, Qld, 1932); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949); orchardist (Kincumber, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''SAINSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Henry Sainsbury|Sainsbury, Rupert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L28X-5H3] - 1896(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1924-1936); 4YJ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1946-1954; Epping, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 54, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930); traveller (Hendra, 1936-1937); soldier (Norman Park, 1943); executive (Concord West, 1949-1954); commercial traveller (Epping, 1958-1968)
===''SAINTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Melville Sainty|Sainty, Clifford Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ61-1GZ] - 1907(NSW)-1987(SA) - 2MS Warrawee (1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 88, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, likely related to XAH S. J. Sainty

===''SALAMY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Salamy|Salamy, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZHH-VWR] - 1904(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AJ Receive Warrnambool (1922-1923); 3AJ Warrnambool (1924-1933); 3PS Warrnambool (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 35, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Warrnambool, 1924-1977)

===''SAMPHIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Luke Samphier|Samphier, Richard Luke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58L-DPC] - 1914(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6YZ Perth (City, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1938-1939; Carlisle, 1947-1955; Mt Lawley, 1956-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1717, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: blind school worker (North Perth, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1943); Blind School employee (Carlisle, WA, 1949-1954; Mt Lawley, WA, 1958)

===''SANDEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Sandel|Sandel, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4J-54J] - 1905(Qld)-1999(NSW) - 2UW Sydney (Manly, 1923; Kensington, 1923-1924; Northbridge, 1924-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1926-1927); 2HH Sydney (Woollahra, 1936-1939, 1946-1969; Bondi, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 270, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; founder B class 2UW Sydney &amp; 2UX Wagga Wagga - don't confuse Charles Albert Sandell of AAE fame - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Woolahra, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1933; Edgecliff, 1936-1937; Bondi Junction, 1943-1954; Bondi Beach, 1958-1980)

===''SANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Albert Sandell|Sandell, Charles Albert]] - 1886(Eng)-1980(WA) - early wireless experimenter, Sydney, 1911, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in ???), participant in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, amateur broadcaster, military (WW1), don't confuse Otto Sandel of 2UW fame
===''SANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Sander|Sander, John Henry &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K6WF-H23] - 1906(WA)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MS Geraldton (1935-1937); 6MS Perth (Cannington, 1938-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1435, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wheelwright (Geraldton, WA, 1930); electrician (Geraldton, WA, 1931-1937); telephone mechanic (South Perth, WA, 1937; Cannington, WA, 1943-1954)

===''SANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas George Sanderson|Sanderson, Douglas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WZJ-2K3] - 1924(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast engineer (PMGD); historian (broadcast); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Torwood, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Ashgrove, Qld, 1958-1968); engineer (Chermside, Qld, 1972; Windsor, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SANDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Keith Sandham|Sandham, James Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''SAUNDERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lewis Saunders|Saunders, Alfred Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-FMS] - 1909(SA)-2003(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923-1924); 5BX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1925-1939, 1946-1955; Plympton, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 223, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Glenelg, 1939-1943)

===''SAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Saw|Saw, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S9-JN3] - 1884(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6DA Perth (Armadale, 1923-1926; Victoria Park, 1927); 6DA Albany (1930-1931); 6DA Perth (Wanneroo, 1933; North Perth, 1937-1939); 6DA Northam (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 174, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storekeeper (Armadale, 1909); electrician (Beverley, 1916-1917; Armadale, 1921-1925; Albany, 1928-1931; Balkatta, 1936; Leederville, 1937; Kalgoorlie, 1937-1943); mechanic (North Perth, 1949); retired (Triggs Island, 1954)
* [[/Malcolm Henry Saw|Saw, Malcolm Henry ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVCY-H9M] - 1921(WA)-1997(WA) - 6SM Perth (Doubleview, 1960-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 3674, 1958, No. ?? in WA), WW2, engineer (Doubleview, 1972)
===''SAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Sawford|Sawford, Leonard Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LF7J-2XK] - 1908(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5DH Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); 5LF Adelaide (Peterhead, 1925-1928; West Croydon, 1931; Largs, 1937-1939); 5YF Adelaide (Glen Osmond, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 173, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; agent (Largs, 1939) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Largs, SA, 1939-1941)

===''SCANLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Scanlon|Scanlon, William Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKG-3XR] - 1901(Tas)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1921-1923); 7AL Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (Medhursts, Hobart to 1924, Launceston from 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harley Irwin Schell|Schell, Harley Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-PV8] - 1907(Tas)-1996(Tas) - Licences: 7AW Receive West Burnie (1922); Receive West Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kelso, 1936-1972)
===''SCHLEICHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Schleicher|Schleicher, Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D4-5RS] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - 4KS Brisbane (Toowong, 1938-1939, 1946-1947; Alderley, -1950+; Aspley, McDowall, -1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2144, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), radio employee (Tracksons, manager service), business proprietor (Blue &amp; White Cabs comms)
===''SCHMIDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Frederick Schmidt|Schmidt, Ronald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88P-1B9] - 1913(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LY Trafalgar (1930); 3LY Moe (1931); 3LY Sale (1933-1939, 1946-1948); 3LY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 567, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 69, 1932; 1COCP 72, 1936; TVOCP 75, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sale, 1934-1937); radio technician (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Camberwell, 1954-1980)
===''SCHNITZERLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Joseph Schnitzerling|Schnitzerling, Leonard Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G885-W43] - 1907(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Warwick (1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2099, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, 1928-1968)

===''SCHOFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Schofield|Schofield, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-69N] - 1874(Eng)-1971(WA)97yo - Licences: 6WS Perth (Peppermint Grove, 1935-1939, 1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1463, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1919); broker (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1922-1968)

===''SCHOLZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hans Scholz|Scholz, Hans &quot;Harold&quot; / &quot;Harry&quot; / &quot;Tibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-CV3] - 19??(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1931); 4HR Nambour (1933); 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937); 4HR Gladstone (1937-1939); 4HR Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 784, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ; South Brisbane RC; Brisbane DX Club); broadcast technician (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); mechanic (Dalby, 1943); not stated (Morningside, 1949-1968)

===''SCHULTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Nelson Schultz|Schultz, Leonard Nelson &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJY-QBF] - 1906(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1922); 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1923-1930); 2ANM Sydney (Mosman, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 171, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 45, 1931; 3AIR 176, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (co-designed 2GB, 1926; involved 2CA, 4BH, 2MW, 5DN); professional associations (IRE: foundation member, vice-president, president); aviator (Royal Aero Club NSW, committee) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting engineer (Mosman, 1935-1937); engineer (Mosman, 1949-1977)
===''SCHULTZE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Ludwig Schultze|Schultze, John Edwin Ludwig]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTB-9FL] - 1906(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3QO Receive Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1923-1924), 3JS Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1925-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 163, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, motor mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934)

===''SCOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil John Scott|Scott, Alfred Cecil John &quot;Cecil&quot;, &quot;Cec&quot;, &quot;Scottie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M12J-9YK] - 1888(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Launceston (1923); 7CS Launceston (1925-1931); 7CS Hobart (Lindisfarne, 1933; Sandy Bay, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 56, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well-known for comic QSL cards - Electoral Rolls: bench clerk (Nelson, 1936; Hobart South, 1943-1954)
* [[/Ernest Kilburn Scott|Scott, Ernest Kilburn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBDW-TBR] - 1868(Eng)-1941(Eng) - Came to Sydney in 1905 to organise electrical engineering department of University of Sydney, likely early wireless experimenter, promoted need for wireless telegraphy for Australia, returned to England ca 1910 - [https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Ernest_Kilburn_Scott Graces Guide - Ernest Kilburn Scott]
* [[/Francis Ladner Scott|Scott, Francis Ladner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHK-DTF] - 1899(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4BO Thursday Island (1933); 2UH Sydney (Randwick, 1934-1936; Naremburn, 1937-1938; La Perouse, 1939 - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 419, 1918; 2COCP 360, 1931; 1COCP 33, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal wireless operator; military (UK Merchant Navy post WW1) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1925); radio telegraphist (Pinkenba, Qld, 1929; Thursday Island, Qld, 1931; Randwick, NSW, 1935; Waverton, NSW, 1943; Wyndham, WA, 1943; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)
* [[/George Archibald Scott|Scott, George Archibald &quot;Scotty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G682-TGN] - 1882(Eng)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 607, 1921; 1COCP 181, 1931 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); PMGD (radio inspector, WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as radio inspector, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, 1913-1914; Hendra, 1915-1917); radio inspector (Fremantle, 1925-1937) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84253651 Bio]
* [[/Herbert Godfrey Scott|Scott, Herbert Godfrey &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-JFJ] - 1902(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4HS Toowoomba (1931-1937); 4HS Brisbane (Albion, 1938-1939; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 750, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1925-1936; Albion, 1943-1968)
* [[/Jack Bartlett Scott|Scott, Jack Bartlett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-FLR] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NR Sydney (Epping, 1930-1934); 2AJX Sydney (Cheltenham, 1938-1939; Epping, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 685, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Epping, 1933-1935); engineer (Epping, 1949; Wahroonga, 1954-1968); retired (Carlingford, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Ochiltree Scott|Scott, Robert Ochiltree]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-5SX] - 1898(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 2RS Gundagai (1929-1931); 2RS Balranald (1933); 3OS Scotsburn (1937-1939); 3OS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 476, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Ballarat, 1920-1924); farmer (Murrayville, 1925-1927; Gundagai, 1930); mechanic (South Yarra, 1943; Melbourne, 1949)
* [[/Robert Townley Scott|Scott, Robert Townley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7YC-MBK] - 1841(Eng)-1922(Qld) - senior state public servant (secretary, Qld Post &amp; Telegraph Dept), senior federal public servant (secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
* [[/W. F. Scott|Scott, W. F.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane (West End) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 334, 1927, No. 37 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: likely father of H. S. Scott who was reported youngest ever to pass AOCP at age 16 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter Henry Scott|Scott, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76Z-11G] - 1904(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923); 5HS Clare (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1888, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clare, SA, 1939); telephone mechanic (Glenelg, SA, 1941-1943)

===''SEBIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Dudley Sebire|Sebire, Leon Dudley &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-QX5] - 1932(Vic)-2006(Vic) - Licences: 3CF Melbourne (Wandin North, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: 2COCP 1319, 1955; 1COCP 1786, 1955 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, director Telstra Broadcasting Branch - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Wandin Yallock, 1954); engineer (Mordialloc, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of 3MX Percival John Sebire - Awards: Member Order of Australia &quot;For service to communications, particularly broadcasting&quot; (1991)
* [[/Percival John Sebire|Sebire, Percival John &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFD-Z2R] - 1904(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3MX Melbourne (Moorabbin, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 692, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1926; Bentleigh, 1928-1936; Cheltenham, 1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1980) - Relationships: father of 3CF Leon Dudley Sebire
===''SEBLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Sebley|Sebley, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-7VL] - 1894(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4WS Ipswich (1931-1939, 1946-1948); Southport (1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 736, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Ipswich, 1915; North Ipswich, 1919-1949; Southport, 1954-1968);

===''SECCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Mervyn Seccombe|Seccombe, Louis Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PW-XWM] - 1895(Tas)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 3KT Receive Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1922-1923); 3KT Melbourne (East Kew, 1924; Ascot Vale, 1924-1925; Hawksburn, 1926; East Malvern, 1927); 2KT Sydney (Rockdale, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 396, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1919); commercial traveller (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1924); radio engineer (Rockdale, NSW, 1930-1937); wireless operator (Longreach, Qld, 1943); communications officer (Hurstville, 1949-1963); - Comment: Surname sometimes misspelled Secombe

===''SELBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Selby|Selby, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCTW-BMT] - 1858(Vic)-1949(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter
===''SELF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Self|Self, Thomas Edward]] - 1854(???)-19??(???) - b. 7 Jan 1854, Early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, demonstration before Royal Society 1898, beware another Thomas Edward Self (b. 9 Oct 1853) in Hobart at the same time
===''SELFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Giles Turner Selfe|Selfe, Harry Giles Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K24M-5XB] - 1894(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 157, 1915; 1COCP 51, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2; RANVR (commissioned telegraphist, 1942) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Geraldton, WA, 1918; Broome, WA, 1922; Leichhardt, NSW, 1933; Darling Harbour, NSW, 1934-1937)
===''SELLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Sellenger|Sellenger, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VT-5GJ] - 1902(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2DC Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 700, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hurstville, 1930-1963)
===''SELLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Sellick|Sellick, Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''SELMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold George Selman|Selman, Harold George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRM4-3S8] - 1907(Vic)-1985(Vic) - 3GN Geelong (1925), 3GN Chilwell (1926), 3GN Geelong (1927), 3GN Melbourne (West Coburg, 1931), 3GN Geelong (1933), 3CM Geelong (1948-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 164, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio dealer (Geelong, 1954)

===''SEMMENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Segbert Cornwall Semmens|Semmens, George Segbert Cornwall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G744-HQ5] - 1901(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XJCY Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1913-1914); V756 Receive (1922); 3GZ Receive Buln Buln East (1922); 3GS Laver's Hill (1925-1926); 3GS Queenstown (1927); 3GS Moreland (1931); 3GS Foxhow (1933); Melbourne (Essendon (1937-1939); Glen Iris (1946-1960); Clematis, 1965-1975); 3AEN Melbourne (Clematis, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 216, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Coburg, 1928; Preston, 1931; Essendon, 1936); res. chemist (Glen Iris, 1943-1963); technical adviser (Clematis, 1968-1977)

===''SERLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Serle|Serle, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-SC8] - 1910(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1933; Toorak, 1938-1939; Elwood, 1946-1947); 3ARX Melbourne (Windsor, 1948-1956; Caulfield, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 443, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931-1934; Kew, 1936; Toorak, 1937; St Kilda, 1942; Prahran, 1949; Caulfield South, 1963-1972)

===''SEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Lambert Holt Sewell|Sewell, Percy Lambert Holt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDM1-YB1] - 1900(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Receive Sydney (Paddington, 1922); 2CJ Sydney (Paddington, 1922-1925; Darlinghurst, 1925-1926) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fire Station, Mittagong, 1930-1935; Mittagong, 1936-1937; Kempsey, 1943); installation inspector (Queanbeyan, 1949)

===''SEYLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Jakob Seyler|Seyler, Albert Jakob or Jacob]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-F5N] - 1913(Ger)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - WW2 (Luftwaffe); radar engineer; television researcher; PMGD Research Laboratories (Assistant Director General) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mt Waverley, 1963; Burwood, 1968); PMG (Croydon, 1972); assistant director (Emerald, 1977) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/seyler-albert-jakob-11660 ADB]

===''SHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Henry Shannon|Shannon, Francis Henry &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1991(Qld) - 4SN Allora (1938-1939), Tamborine (1946-1947), Minden (1948-1956), Ipswich (1960-191975), Toowoomba (1980+),  amateur operator (AOCP 2145, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster , radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, WIA, Qld Listeners' League), journalist (AR, VK4 Notes), occupation (school teacher)

===''SHARLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Henry Sharland|Sharland, Arthur Henry &quot;Chilla&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-ZKS] - 1909(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4SD Brisbane (Boondall, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Ekibin, 1954); 4SD Cloncurry (1955); 4SD Brisbane (Wynnum North, 1956); 4SD Rockhampton (1960); 4SD Yeppoon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1807, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless operator); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Boondall, Qld, 1937-1943); Commonwealth officer (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954); communications officer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1958-1963; Yeppoon, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (Causeway via Yeppoon, Qld, 1980)

===''SHARP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John James Charles Sharp|Sharp, John James Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-TZV] - 1897(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3KA Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 591, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Prahran Gardens, 1919-1924; Caulfield, 1928-1972)
===''SHARPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Victor Sharpe|Sharpe, Frank Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMD2-GVZ] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4AZ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1924-1929; Ashgrove, 1930-1937; Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 4ZFS Brisbane (Clayfield, 1975); 4FV Brisbane (Clayfield, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 20, 1924, No. 4 in Qld; AOCP Q112, 1975 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (RSQ, WIAQ); military (AMF) - Awards: C.M.G.; O.B.E. - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Wooloowin, 1925-1929); director (Ashgrove, 1934-1937); soldier (Ashgrove, 1943); machinist (likely typo for merchant) (Clayfield, 1949); merchant (Clayfield, 1954-1980)

===''SHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Shaw|Shaw, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-ZDZ] - 1872(NSW)-1916(Vic) - XPO King Island (1911); X?? Sydney (Randwick), early wireless experimenter, proprietor Maritime Wireless Telegraph Co of Australasia (1910+) with Edward Hope Kirkby, technical specialist - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/shaw-archibald-john-8404 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199003.pdf EA]
* [[/J. G. Shaw|Shaw, J. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Chelmer, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Raymond Herbert Preston Shaw|Shaw, Raymond Herbert Preston]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3J-J31] - 1901(Eng)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 2LY Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1922-1923); 2LY Sydney (Woolahra, 1924-1929; South Kensington, 1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 664, 1921 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kensington, 1930-1931; Vaucluse, 1932-1980)

===''SHAWSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Alan &quot;Smithy&quot; or Alan Shaw Smith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37T-B3Y] - 1917(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4SA Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1935-1939); 4SS Brisbane (West End, -1952-2010) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1582, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; historian (amateur); journalist; broadcast engineer (ABC2); public servant (ABC2) - Relationships: Father of 4JSS Steven Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Salisbury, Qld, 1943); radio mechanic (West End, Qld, 1949); builder (West End, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Steven Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Steven &quot;Steve&quot;]] - Licences: 4JSS Brisbane - Qualifications:  (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld) - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4SA-4SS Alan Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls:

===''SHEARER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Anderson Shearer|Shearer, Gordon Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5G-JW4] - 1907(Qld)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 4FU Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923-1924); 4GA Gayndah (1930); 4GA Mt Nebo (1931-1934); 4GA Cloncurry (Quamby, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 447, 1928, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 95, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (school teacher); state public servant (Qld Dept Education); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Quamby, Qld, 1937; Westbrook, Qld, 1943); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1949); communications officer (Cloncurry, 1954); supervisor (Surrey Hills, 1963-1968); retired (Vermont, 1972-1980)
===''SHEARSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Leonard Shearstone|Shearstone, Vincent Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G895-CYJ] - 1916(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: BOCP 4, 1936 - WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Albury, 1937); radio announcer (Goulburn, 1943); radio electrician (Goulburn, 1949-1980)
===''SHELDRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Cornwell Sheldrick|Sheldrick, Eric Cornwell &quot;Shel&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-X2X] - 1903(Eng)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7BH Receive Launceston (1923); 7BH Launceston (1924-1926); 7BT Launceston (1927); 7BM Launceston (1931-1939); 7DM Burnie (1948-1954); 7DN Stowport (1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 60, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Launceston, 1928-1943)
===''SHENTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Hilton Shenton|Shenton, Maurice Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67C-Q1B] - 1903(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Receive Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: irrigation ganger (Bald Hills, 1925); assistant stream gauger (North Ipswich, 1928); public servant (Annerley, 1937)
===''SHEPARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arundel Elmore Shepard|Shepard, Arundel Elmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8HX] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5DC Adelaide (Norwood, 1928-1930; Kent Town, 1931-1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Toorak East, 1946-1965; Heathpool, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 393, 1928, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 136, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHEPHERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. A. Shepherd|Shepherd, H. A.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQD Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHERRIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Sherriff|Sherriff, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K877-WTX] - 1904(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4SU Brisbane (Fairfield, 1935-1937; Hawthorne, 1938-1939; Brisbane City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1464, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brisbane South, Qld, 1928); instructor of printing (Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''SHIELDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Edward Shields|Shields, Arthur James Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBCT-D5G] - 1894(Eng)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3GP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1939; North Balwyn, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 690, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (East Melbourne, 1925-1927; Malvern East, 1928; Camberwell, 1931-1933); auditor (Malvern East, 1934-1936); retired (Ringwood, 1943)

===''SHOEMAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Shoemaker|Shoemaker, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G828-7LL] - 1879(USA)-1932(USA) - American inventor and pioneer radio engineer, developer of Shoemaker wireless system, associated with Gehring companies, International Telegraph Construction Co (represented in Australia by John William Ormsby Hamilton, who promoted the Shoemaker system here), United Wireless Telegraph Co, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co of America, Mallory companies - Links: [[w:Harry Shoemaker|Wikipedia]]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0026.pdf PIRE1]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0027.pdf PIRE2]
===''SHORING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Samuel Shoring|Shoring, Thomas Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-NDG] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4SR Bundaberg (1937-1939; 4SR Brisbane (New Farm, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1872, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Bundaberg, Qld, 1936-1937); salesman (Bundaberg, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (New Farm, Qld, 1954; Holland Park, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''SHORT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Alban Short|Short, Alfred Alban]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTS-9QQ] - 1904(NSW)-1946(NT) - Licences: 2SH Newcastle (Lambton, 1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 280, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Lambton, 1930-1943)
* [[/Ormond Short|Short, Ormond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VHH-SGM] - 1901(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3SK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1928; Horsham, 1931-1972); engineer (Horsham, 1977)
* [[/Walter Short|Short, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AJ Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922); 2AJ Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924; Kirribilli, 1924; Manly, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Note: several contemporaneous WSs, insufficient data to identify
* [[/William Newton Short|Short, William Newton &quot;Newt&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G97J-HMM] - 1897(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2ARA Sydney (Auburn, 1948-1954; Beacon Hill, 1955-1958; Auburn, 1960-1961; Beacon Hill, 1965); 2AOW Sydney (Auburn, 1957-1958) - Qualifications: AOCP 2829, 1948, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Ulmarra, 1930-1934); shopkeeper (Coraki, 1935-1936); munition worker (Mayfield, 1943); machinist (Auburn, 1949-1958); inspector (Beacon Hill, 1963)

===''SHORTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Charles Shortell|Shortell, Raymond Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYMQ-4HQ] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Qld) - 3VB Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3RS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1933), 3RS Shepparton (1937-1939), 3ARF Geelong West (1948-1954), 3ARF Melbourne (Croydon, 1955-1960; Hawthorn, 1965-1975), 4ARS Gold Coast (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 77, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''SHORTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eddy Wilbee Shorten|Shorten, Eddy Wilbee or Welbee or Wiebec &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWN4-MZM] - 1899(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4TS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 908, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor) - Comment: Middle name variable; Birth Welbee; Marriage Wiebec; Death Wilbe; AOCP Wilbee - Electoral Rolls:
===''SHORTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Shortt|Shortt, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4HF Camooweal (1933-1939); 5SR Tennant Creek (1947-1948); 5SR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1954; New Hindmarsh, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1193, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SIBLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC5R-MH6] - 1897(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: XYX Perth (North Perth, 1913-1914); 6AF Receive Perth (City, 1923); 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1923-1924; Inglewood, 1924); 2SB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly; brother of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: insurance clerk (North Perth, 1919-1922); manager (Albion, Qld, 1936; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1937; Rose Bay, NSW, 1943-1958); retired (Rose Bay, 1963-1972)
* [[/Clifton Archibald Sibly|Sibly, Clifton Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K41R-3JQ] - 1894(SA)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 225, 1915 - likely early wireless experimenter with brother Arthur's licence - Relationships: brother of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; uncle of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly - Electoral Rolls: farrier (North Perth, 1915-1937)
* [[/Sydney Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Sydney Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKF-F7R] - 1926(NSW)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 2ASY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1954; Kingsgrove, 1957-1965); 3AUV Melbourne (Eltham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 945, 1945; BOCP 1049, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; nephew of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: communications officer (Kingsgrove, 1958-1963); clerk (Eltham, Vic, 1968-1977; Queanbeyan, 1980)

===''SIDEBOTTOM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Geoffrey Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-KGH] - 1902(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: 7BB Receive Launceston (1922); Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of 7SK Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1928-1954) 
* [[/Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Maxwell Douglas Langford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-5QY] - 1922(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7SK Hobart (Newtown, 1948); 7SK Howrah (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2830, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; WW2 - Relationships: son of 7BB Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: sound engineer (New Town, 1949); mechanic (Bateau Bay, NSW, 1980)
===''SIDEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Longfield Sidey|Sidey, Robert Longfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-3P6] - 1874(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Lindfield, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2CB James Douglas Kay Sidey - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Lindfield, 1930-1949)
* [[/James Douglas Kay Sidey|Sidey, James Douglas Kay or Douglas James Kay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-35P] - 1904(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Receive Sydney (Lindfield, 1922-1923); 2CB Sydney (Lindfield, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2ZY Robert Longfield Sidey - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Bethungra, 1943-1949); no occupation (Junee, 1954)

===''SIEVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest William Sievers|Sievers, Ernest William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNJD-8MJ] - 1901(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1165, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 9, 1934; 1COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Kelvin Grove, 1925); night officer (Oakey, 1930); railway night officer (Narangba, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Ascot, 1943; Clayfield, 1949-1958)
* [[/William Frederick Sievers|Sievers, William Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-NDS] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3CB Receive Melbourne (East Richmond, 1922-1923); 3CB Melbourne (East Richmond &amp; South Yarra, 1924-1939, 1946-1960; Toorak, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 165, 1925, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Richmond, 1931-1943); reader (South Yarra, 1949-1963); meter reader (Toorak, 1972-1980)

===''SIGAL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Louis Sigal|Sigal, Harold Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ4R-XFJ] - 1908(SA)-1939(NSW) - Licences: 2UK Sydney (Woollahra, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 253, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Woollahra, 1930); engineer (Melbourne East, 1931); electrician (Auburn North, 1933; Centennial Park, 1934; Bondi, 1936-1937; West Perth, 1943; Woolowin, 1949; Bellevue Hill, 1954; Kensington, 1958); manager (Bondi, 1963); salesman (Bondi, 1968); retired (Vaulcuse, 1977-1980)
===''SIGMONT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Sigmont|Sigmont, Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD58-221] - 1883(NSW)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 3AH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Auburn, Vic, 1917; Elsternwick, 1924-1937; Seaford, 1942);

===''SILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Clive Silby|Silby, Arthur Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8B6-PSD] - 1894(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Australian Wireless Squadron) [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911865/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-embarkation-roll/] - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Exeter, 1939-1943)

===''SILVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Leslie Silver|Silver, Frank Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94HC-LTV] - 1904(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4FL Brisbane (Morningside, 1938-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2086, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Morningside, Qld, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Simmonds|Simmonds, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DL-234] - 1906(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2GS Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1934); 2GS Murwillumbah (1935-1939); 4PG Bundaberg (1946-1948); 2APJ Sydney (Cronulla, 1954-1955; Caringbah, 1956-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 590, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 207, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Arncliffe, 1933); gardner (Arncliffe, 1935); radio engineer (Murwillumbah, 1935-1937); technician (4BU Kalkie, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ernest John Simmonds|Simmonds, Ernest John]] - 19??(Eng)-19??(Eng) - G2OD Gerrard's Cross, Buckinghamshire, England, amateur operator, first to two way QSO Australia (Nov 1924, 3BQ)

===''SIMMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Trethowan Simmons|Simmons, Henry Trethowan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4M3-BP4] - 1905(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6KX Perth (Subiaco, 1925-1928; Mt Lawley, 1931-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; West Perth, 1954-1955; Mt Pleasant, 1956-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 181, 1925, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1121, 1928; 2COCP 295, 1930; 1COCP 257, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maylands, 1931), radio engineer (Nedlands, 1936; West Perth, 1949), engineer (Fremantle, 1958; Mt Pleasant, 1963-1980)
* [[/Leonard Joseph Simmons|Simmons, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBM-SKH] - 1907(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3LJ Melbourne (Belgrave, 1926-1931; East Prahran, 1933); 3LJ Rheola (1937-1939); 3LV Trafalgar (1948); 3LV Cheltenham (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 304, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Womerah, Yarram Yarram, 1928; Toolangi, Yea, 1931; Armadale, 1934-1936; Rheola, Bendigo, 1936-1937; Nanneela West, Bendigo, 1942; Cheltenham, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Wilkinson Simms|Simms, Eric Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XZ-9RN] - 1906(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Malvern, 1927-1931; Caulfield, 1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 360, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Malvern, 1931); buyer (Caulfield, 1934; Hawthorn, 1936-1937); manager (Malvern East, 1949-1980)
===''SIMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Robert Simpson|Simpson, Leslie Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-4VD] - 1901(WA)-1966(Vic) - 3SA Ararat (1925-1933), 3SA Melbourne (Windsor, 1947-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 44, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draper, salesman
* [[/Harry Blythe Simpson|Simpson, Harry Blythe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-CZ3] - 1920(???)-2013(WA) - Licences: 6HS Perth (Leederville, 1937-1939; Mt Lawley, 1947-1948; Nedlands, 1954-1969; Lesmurdie, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2060, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Claremont, WA, 1949-1968); marketing manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1972); manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1977-1980)

===''SIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Sims|Sims, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MK-NXC] - 1907(WA)-1992(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 344, 1927, No. 38 in Qld; 2COCP 16, 1934 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (RAAF Point Cook, 1931-1934); QANTAS air pilot (Brisbane, 1936-1937); public servant (Box Hill, 1963) - Comment: several contemporaneous Eric Charles Sims, need to sort electoral rolls
* [[/Ernest Leslie Arthur Sims|Sims, Ernest Leslie Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ6H-6PF] - 1905(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (Preston, 1930-1933); 3ZA Apollo Bay (1937-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 622, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Preston, 1931; Apollo Bay, 1933-1937; Preston, 1942; Apollo Bay, 1949-1954)

===''SINGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Paul Singleton|Singleton, Claude Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4JR-4SV] - 1914(WA)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4UX Theodore (1936-1939); 4UX Bundaberg (1946-1947); 4UX Stanthorpe (1948); 4UX Atherton (1954-1955); 4UX Malanda (1956); 4UX Ayr (1960); 4UX Childers (1965); 4UX St George (1969); 4UX Gracemere (1975); 4UX Dalby (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1638, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4QW, 4QO, 4QW, 4RK, 4QS); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Theodore, Qld, 1936-1937); radio mechanic (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Yungaburra, Qld, 1954); public servant (Gracemere, Qld, 1972)

===''SIRL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Charles Sirl|Sirl, Clarence William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89J-9LJ] - 1913(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6XG Katanning (1938-1939; 1947-1969) - Qualifications: BOCP 3, 1936; AOCP 2132, 1938, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Katanning, 1937-1968)

===''SLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Irwin Slade|Slade, Charles Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDN1-G28] - 1921(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3PZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1938-1939, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2172, 1938, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1954); medical practitioner (St Kilda, 1967-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Charles William Slade|Slade, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH3R-28W] - 1893(Eng)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2SX Sydney (Croydon, 1925-1939, 1946-1961 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; English PMG Certificate 1st class - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAN, 1909-1924); Wireless Weekly (technical editor, 1925-1928); Daily Telegraph (radio &amp; technical editor, 1928-1929); Keogh Radio (engineer, 1929-1930); Croydon Radio (proprietor, 1930-1933+) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer, R.A.N. (Croydon, 1943-1958)
===''SLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. F. Slater|Slater, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Sheffield (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harold Ivan Slater|Slater, Harold Ivan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDT3-7JP] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Kelso (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: pastoralist (Kelso, Tas, 1919); labourer (Maypole Hotel, New Town, Tas); no occupation (Middle Park, Vic, 1926); airman (Point Cook, Vic, 1927; Middle Park, 1931); traveller (Elsternwick, 1936-1968)
===''SLATTERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-KHF] - 1866(Irl)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St John's College, Camperdown; St Vincent's, Ashfield, 1930) - Links: [[w:Joseph Patrick Slattery|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/slattery-joseph-patrick-8453 ADB]
* [[/Joseph Samuel Francis Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Samuel Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVN-SSF] - 1894(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 50, 1915; CPRT 167, 1915; 2COCP 324, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1916; Esperance, WA, 1916; RAN radio station, Geraldton, 1917); travelling salesman (Stanthorpe, 1928-1930); traveller (Tamworth, 1932-1933; Woollahra, NSW, 1933-1935); commercial traveller (New Farm, 1936; Hamilton, Qld, 1937; Fairfield, Qld, 1949; West Sydney, 1949-1954); radio officer (Mascot, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''SMART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Smart|Smart, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHD-TNH] - 1891(NZ)-1980(NZ) - Licences: 4SM Barcaldine (1936-1937); 4SM Paterson (1938-1939); 4SM Longreach (1946-1948); 4SM Cairns (Cairns City, 1954-1956; Freshwater, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1625, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boiler attendant (Dunevia Station, Blackhall, Qld, 1913); motor engineer (Aramac, Qld, 1916-1925; Barcaldine, 1928-1937); freeholder (Longreach, Qld, 1943); mechanic (Longreach, Qld, 1949); farmer (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (Freshwater, Qld, 1963-1972; Cairns, Qld, 1977)

===''SMELLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ellis Henry Smellie|Smellie, Ellis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-FDM] - 1893(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 218, 1930; 1COCP 240, 1931 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Applecross, 1925; Geraldton, 1931; Broome, 1936); telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949); radio officer (Caulfield, Vic, 1954; Blackburn, 1963-1980)

===''SMIBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, George]] - 1840(Sct)-1899(Vic) - clubs (founding member Telegraph Electrical Society Vic), employment (Postal Department Vic, chief electrician), brother of James Smibert Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, James]] - 1836(Sct)-1912(Vic) - employment (Postal Department Vic, Deputy Postmaster-General, appointed following early passing of Samuel Walker McGowan), created a nepotism scandal by early promotion of brother and brother-in-law to the most senior positions in Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs in the early 1890s, likely reason for the positioning of Qld appointees at the top of the Federal PMGD in 1901; the brother of George Smibert Chief Electrician, Postal Dept Vic

===''SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Smith, Alan Shaw - See Alan Shawsmith (change of name)
* [[/Arthur Carrington Smith|Smith, Arthur Carrington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKV-VL2] - 1902(Tas)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Receive Launceston (1923); 7AB Launceston (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 8, 1924, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 930, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (operator 7BN Wills &amp; Co wannabe Class B); recording engineer (Cinesound Productions Ltd, Bondi, 1932); inventor of sound-on-film systems - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Launceston, 1928); recording engineer (Bronte, 1931-1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); recording engineer (Clovelly, 1943-1949; Waverley, 1963-1968); engineer (Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Austen Cyril Smith|Smith, Austen Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6N-JKF] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2FS Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1925; Burwood, 1925; Maroubra, 1930-1933; Homebush, 1933; Burwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 75, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio agent - Electoral Rolls: radio agent (Burwood, 1934-1937); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Burwood, 1958-1963); retired (Lower Hawkesbury, 1972-1980)
* [[/C. Smith|Smith, C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BA Receive Stanley (1922); Receive Stanley (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Cedric Preston Smith|Smith, Cedric Preston or Preston-Smith, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BB-X47] - 1907(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Cremorne, 1924); 2QK Sydney (Manly, 1935-1936; Balgowlah, 1937; Lane Cove, 1938-1939); 2CD Sydney (Cremorne, 1958-1961; Palm Beach, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank accountant (Binnaway, 1930); bank officer (Manly, 1932; Balgowlah, 1934-1937; South Melbourne, Vic, 1943-1949); bank manager (Ballarat, 1954; Cremorne, 1958-1963); retired (Palm Beach, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Smith|Smith, Charles Frederick]] - 1908(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: No licence yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 418, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1112, 1928; 2COCP 44, 1929 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Several contemporaneous Charles Frederick Smith's, not yet identified
* [[/Colin Hughes Smith|Smith, Colin Hughes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YH-LLB] - 1910(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PK Melbourne (East Kew, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 433, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kew, 1931-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1980)
* [[/Herbert Henry Baker Smith|Smith, Herbert Henry Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFN-H6R] - 19??(???)-1932(Qld) - Licences: 4DP Receive Cairns (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Cairns, Qld, 1925-1930)
* [[/J. H. Smith|Smith, J. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EA Receive Beenleigh (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Albert Malcolm Smith|Smith, John Albert Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L264-537] - 1911(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5JR Adelaide (St Peters, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1375, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/P. W. Smith|Smith, P. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EF Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Sidney Hugh Holland Smith|Smith, Sidney Hugh Holland]] - 1861(???)-1933(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, senior state public servant (Qld P&amp;T, Chief Mechanician), senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Mechanician, Qld), radio clubs (QWI, vice president), business proprietor (Telephone and Electrical Supplies Co)
* [[/Stuart Disney Paull Smith|Smith, Stuart (Birth) or Stewart (Electoral Rolls) Disney Paull or Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDB-8D8] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4LA Brisbane (Corinda, 1934-1939); 4LA Amberley (1946-1948); 4LA Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1303, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor); military (RAAF, navigator); broadcast technician (4BC); Dept Education (O/C Radio) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Corinda, Qld, 1936-1949); radio technician (New Farm, Qld, 1949); maintenance officer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1963); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Sydney Smith|Smith, Sydney]] - 1856(NSW)-1934(NSW) - senior state politician (NSW MLA), senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1904-1905)
* [[/Wilfred Smith|Smith, Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRQ-PQ1] - 1896(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 602, 1921; 2COCP 419, 1941; 1COCP 882, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/William Arthur Smith|Smith, William Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCX-XL9] - 1906(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5LZ Wallaroo (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 526, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Glenunga, 1939-1943) - beware several contemporaneous William Arthur Smith's
* [[/William Henry Smith|Smith, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2V-L4R] - 1911(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5SW Adelaide (Woodville, 1937-1939, 1947-1956); 5ASW Adelaide (Woodville, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1996, 1937, SA; BOCP 431, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WHSs - Electoral Rolls: operator (Woodville, SA, 1939)
* [[/W. J. Smith|Smith, W. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: N758 Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922); 2IC Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SMITHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Charles Smithers|Smithers, Ernest Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z1-GQ1] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 552, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector of fisheries (Urunga, 1930); inspector (Burwood, 1930-1949)

===''SMYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Walter Smyth|Smyth, Cedric Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1C-4MX] - 1916(WA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 7CD Devonport (1933-1939); 3ACH Melbourne (Doncaster East, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1133, 1933, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Preston, Vic, 1942-1949); engineer (Doncaster East, 1954-1977)
* [[/Victor Loftus Smyth|Smyth, Victor Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-P8L] - 1905(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Receive Geelong (1923); 3PJ Geelong (1924); 3PJ Bendigo (1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 126, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Bendigo, 1928-1972)
===''SMYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Cresswell Smythe|Smythe, Alan (BMD) or Allan (Electoral Rolls) Cresswell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JQ-V9V] - 1908(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: 5MF Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Hazlewood Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 658, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 135, 1933; BOCP 125, 1937; 1COCP 196, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''SNADDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Ernest Snaddon|Snaddon, John Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLF-B75] - 1920(Eng)-1944(Aegean Sea) - Licences: 3VE Melbourne (Malvern, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2322, 1939, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 459 Squadron, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/snaddon-john-ernest-409361/]
===''SNAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Leslie Snaith|Snaith, Samuel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-2S8] - 1901(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ZR Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1926; Newport, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 166, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1924-1928; Newport, 1931-1954)
===''SNAPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fairlie Roger de Burgh Snape|Snape, Fairlie Roger de Burgh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-B1V] - 1900(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NU Receive Quirindi (1923); 4JK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 695, 1922; 2COCP 340, 1931; 1COCP 221, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Quirindi, 1930); wireless operator (Quirindi, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Killara, 1949-1968); engineer (Killara, 1980)
===''SNOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Charles Snook|Snook, Keith Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTG-Z2D] - 1908(Tas)-1946(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Hobart North, 1936); motor mechanic (Hobart Central, 1937)
===''SNOSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Raymond Snoswell|Snoswell, Alfred Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NWH-MCT] - 1899(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5AD Adelaide (Exeter, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Largs, 1939-1943)

===''SODEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander William Soden|Soden, Alexander William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-7M1] - 1909(Qld)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4AS Brisbane (Annerley, 1930-1939; Yeerongpilly, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 634, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1943)
===''SOUMPROU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emile Walter Soumprou|Soumprou, Emile Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZZF-SX7] - 1906(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3WK Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1931; North Fitzroy, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; East Brighton, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 511, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Northcote, 1936-1937); retired (Fitzroy North, 1942-1949); Elsternwick, 1954)
===''SOUTHWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Lindsay Southwell|Southwell, Clifford Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-FDF] - 1897(???)-1973(NSW) - 2SW Sydney (Cremorne, 1925-1926; Northbridge, 1927-1929; Brighton-Le-Sands, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1933-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 131, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Army, Private) &amp; WW2 (Australian Army, colonel), sales manager (1954)
* [[/Leslie William Douglas Southwell|Southwell, Leslie William Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WXT-S8L] - 1900(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3SL Seymour (1924-1939, 1946-1954); 3SL Melbourne (Montrose, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 250, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Seymour, 1931-1954)
* [[/Noel Leslie Southwell|Southwell, Noel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-ZJW] - 1919(NSW)-1998(NSW) - 2ZF Sydney (Leichhardt, 1935-1939, 1946-1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980+), qualifications (AOCP 1565, 1935, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 149, 1937), amateur operator, broadcast technician (1949), QSL collection survives ARDXC/NFSA

===''SPARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Spark|Spark, John]] - 1879(USA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AC Perth (City, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Fremantle, 1917); civil servant (West Perth, 1921) - Comment: identification not certain
===''SPEDDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Spedding|Spedding, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ82-ZCM] - 1897(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 4DU Receive Brandon (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Brandon, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Lakemba, NSW, 1932-1958)

===''SPENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Keith Spence|Spence, Edward Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBYN-S3H] - 1908(Qld)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 4DT Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Union Bank, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 1930; Wellington, NSW, 1934); bank officer (Bondi, NSW, 1936; Rose Bay, NSW, 1937; Epping, NSW, 1943-1949; Northbridge, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1980)
* [[/William Guthrie Spence|Spence, William Guthrie]] - 1846(Sco)-1926(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1914-1915)
===''SPENCER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derek David Spencer|Spencer, Derek David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSW-N55] - 1909(Eng)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 3DS Melbourne (Altona, 1934-1937); 6DS Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1280, 1934, Vic; AOLCP 157, 1934; 2COCP 55, 1936; 1COCP 111, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Ulverstone, Tas, 1954; Leven, Tas, 1963); farmer (Gawler, Tas, 1972)

===''SPERRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred John Sperring|Sperring, Wilfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KVLY-JPK] - 1917(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6SP Perth (Victoria Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Belmont, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1920, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Victoria Park, WA, 1943); mechanic (Victoria Park, WA, 1949); radio engineer (Belmont, WA, 1954-1963)

===''SPICER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Spicer|Spicer, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88M-KKY] - 1910(Eng)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1929-1931; East Malvern, 1933; North Fitzroy, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 554, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1934); constable (Port Melbourne, 1936; Fitzroy, 1937-1954; Carlton South, 1967-1968); retired (Hurstbridge, Vic, 1977-1980) 
===''SPITZKOWSKY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Royston Stanley Spitzkowsky|Spitzkowsky, Max Royston Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYD-23H] - 1904(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1926-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 302, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Hamilton, 1932-1972)
===''SPOTSWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Ernest Spotswood|Spotswood, Cyril Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-4GM] - 1897(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: Receive Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Burnie, 1936-1943); fettler (Burnie, 1949-1954)
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7C] - 1892(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Poopoonbah via Giru (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1356, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: second YL operator in Qld - Relationships: Wife of 4JK Jack Lawrence Humphry - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Ching Do Siding, Ayr, Qld, 1919-1936; Giru, Qld, 1937-1949; Poopoonbah, Qld, 1954; St Lucia, Qld, 1958-1972)

===''SPRENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Ernest Sprenger|Sprenger, Herbert Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQD-2CJ] - 1914(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4ES Bundaberg (1932-1939); 4ES Brisbane (New Farm, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, 1955-1960; Rainworth, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 1064, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 165, 1938; 1COCP 530, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); state public servant (Qld Police, radio comms) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bundaberg, 1936-1937); police constable (New Farm, Qld, 1943-1949); sergeant police (Holland Park, Qld, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1958); sub-inspector police (Rainworth, Qld, 1963-1968); police officer (Rainworth, Qld, 1972); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SPURRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Charles Spurrier|Spurrier, Leonard Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTY1-WZJ] - 1904(Wales)-1984(SA) - Licences: S382 Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1922); 5AL Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Clarence Park, 1939-1941; Eden Hills, 1943)

===''SQUIRES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Squires|Squires, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-3GW] - 1909(WA)-1972(???) - Licences: 6JS Perth (Cannington, 1929-1939; Como, 1946-1956; Nedlands, 1960; West Leederville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 510, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cannington, 1931-1936); sales manager (Midland Junction, 1937; South Perth, 1943-1954); manager (Subiaco, 1963); business manager (West Kalamunda, 1968)

===''ST JOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Clive Bolingbroke St John|St John, Henry Clive Bolingbroke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTN-PV8] - 1895(Eng)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2RX Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2RX Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1939; Northbridge, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 258, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: reader (Rockdale, 1930-1936; Northbridge, 1943-1963)

===''STACEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Keith Stacey|Stacey, Howard Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3TY-D8M] - 1907(NSW)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5XA Adelaide (Firle, 1934-1937; Knightsbridge, 1938-1939; Leabrook, 1947-1956; Glynde, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1360, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Burnside, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Roy Ernest Stacey|Stacey, Roy Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDT-PNR] - 1902(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RS Proserpine (1933-1939, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1187, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: office assistant (Bauple, Qld, 1925); clerk (Proserpine, Qld, 1928-1972)

===''STACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Patrick Charles Stack|Stack, Robert Patrick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-Y2K] - 1904(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4TK Innisfail (1936-1939, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1742, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: hairdresser (Innisfail, Qld, 1930-1932); stationer (Innisfail, Qld, 1936-1943)

===''STACKPOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Julian Stackpole|Stackpole, Peter Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-H8N] - 1947(Vic)-2004(ACT) - Licences: 3ZQS Melbourne (North Clayton, 1980+; 1RX Canberra, 1990s); Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 2203, 1966; AOCP N1856, 1988 - amateur operator; broadcast planning engineer (P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA, ACA) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Hampton, 1972); technical officer (Clayton, 1977-1980)
===''STAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hurst William Stafford|Stafford, John Hurst William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV6P-XSJ] - 1901(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Receive Ipswich (Ebbw Vale, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ebbw Vale, 1925-1928; Booval, 1932-1949); engineer (East Ipswich, 1958-1963); retired (Mansfield, 1977-1980)
===''STANFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Roy Stanfield|Stanfield, Clifford Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQXR-9GG] - 1900(NSW)-1991(NSW) - Licences: N744 Receive Newcastle (1922); 2HX Receive Newcastle (1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 383, 1918; 2COCP 136, 1930; 1COCP 140, 1930 - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Randwick, 1930; Maroubra, 1932-1968); retired (Blaxland, 1977-1980)
===''STANLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. M. Stanley|Stanley, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2JS Receive Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1922-1923); 2JS Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1924); Orange (1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 100, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; newsagent (Leura, late 1920s) - Identification: Not yet identified (possibly James Melville Stanley, electrician, Lockhart, 1930) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''STAPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Stapleton|Stapleton, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-R9P] - 1915(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5KY Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1314, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Cook, SA, 1941-1944)

===''STARKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Starkie|Starkie, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBS-NCY] - 1906(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4NW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 306, 1926, No. 30 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Nundah, 1928-1937); warehouse assistant (Holland Park, 1943); manager (Wavell Heights, 1949); agent (Toowong, 1954-1958); manufacturer's agent (Kenmore, 1963); agent (Tennyson, 1968-1972); retired (The Gap, 1977; North Tamborine, 1980)

===''STARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Starr|Starr, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-LC4] - 1916(Qld)-1940(off Qld coast) - Licences: 4FS Stanthorpe (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1930, 1937, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 23 Squadron, Aircraftsman Class 1) - Electoral Rolls: baker (Stanthorpe, 1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1719163]

===''STEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey William Ashcroft Steane|Steane, Geoffrey William Ashcroft]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCF-JWV] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3UX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 775, 1923; 2COCP 330, 1931 -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mont Albert, Vic, 1931); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1937); radio engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1949); television engineer (Double Bay, NSW, 1954); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1954)

===''STEELE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rowland Edward James Steele|Steele, Rowland Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-2ZM] - 1904(Tas)-1987(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hobart West, 1928); dairyman (West Hobart, 1937-1972)

===''STEPHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Goldsmith Stephen|Stephen, Percy Goldsmith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2J-HVR] - 1896(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZB Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1925); 2PS Sydney (Balmain, 1926; Granville, 1927-1930; Lidcombe, 1931-1936; Croydon, 1937-1939; Five Dock, 1946-1958; Condell Park, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Granville, 1930); electrician (Lakemba, 1930; Lidcombe, 1932-1936); electrical fitter (Five Dock, 1943-1958); fitter (Condell Park, 1968-1972)
===''STEPHENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Nelson Stephens|Stephens, Arthur Nelson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G941-3F1] - 1886(Eng)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1922); 4CG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923-1925); Operator of 4AE - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draughtsman (North Carlton, Vic, 1912-1914); engineer (Wireless Station, Pinkenba, 1915-1919; Clayfield, 1925-1928); hotel keeper (Palm Beach Hotel, Elanora, 1932-1934; Grand Hotel, Southport, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Southport, 1949); secretary (Main Beach, 1954-1958; Southport East, 1963-1968)
* [[/Frank Richmond Stephens|Stephens, Frank Richmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-MLM] - 1897(Qld)-1977(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 452, 1919 - RANRS - Electoral Rolls:  naval reservist (New Farm, 1921); farm hand (Wamuran, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (New Farm, 1925-1937); radio mechanic (New Farm, Qld, 1943); agent (New Farm, Qld, 1949); caretaker (Brisbane, 1954-1958); retired (Bowen Hills, 1963; Coolangatta, 1968-1972)
* [[/Harry James Milne Stephens|Stephens, Harry James Milne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYC-KQH] - 1900(WA)-1982(WA) - Licences: 6ZZ Perth (South Perth, 1935-1939; Bassendean, 1947-1960; Eden Hill, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1530, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Albany, WA, 1925); railway employee (Katanning, WA, 1931-1936); storekeeper (Fremantle, WA, 1937); aircraftsman (Bassendean, WA, 1943-1963); railway employee (Eden Hill, WA, 1968-1972); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Stephens|Stephens, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-35G] - 1912(Vic)-1944(Sct) - Licences: 3GO Melbourne (Essendon, 1931-1933) - qualifications: AOCP 489, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1944) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Essendon, 1936-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/stephens-thomas-418036/]
* [[/Thomas Blacket Stephens|Stephens, Thomas Blacket or Blackett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9WG-Y5P] - 1902(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 309, 1926, No. 31 in Qld - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: articled law clerk (Annerley, 1925-1928); solicitor (Annerley, 1934; Fortitude Valley, 1936-1937; Clayfield, 1949-1968); retired (St Lucia, 1972-1980)

===''STEPHENSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Wilfred Stephenson|Stephenson, Charles Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-M7F] - 1905(Qld)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother); 2BWQ Sydney (Blacktown, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 282, 1926, No. 25 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, operator 4WN; WIAQ, operator 4AE); broadcast technician (4QG); business proprietor (cinema audio) - Relationships: brother of 4RG Harold John Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Pymble, NSW, 1932-1933); sound engineer (Capertee, NSW, 1936-1937); panel beater (Bourke, NSW, 1943); mechanic (Capertee, NSW, 1949-1954; Maroubra, NSW, 1958); autoelectrician (Blacktown, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Blacktown, NSW, 1980) 
* [[/Harold John Stephenson|Stephenson, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-9M3] - 1903(Qld)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 290, 1926, No. 27 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 4RG/2BWQ Charles Wilfred Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Wooloowin, Qld, 1925-1943); sheet metal worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); engineer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); aircraft mechanic (Maroubra, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''STEVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edgar F. Stevens|Stevens, Albert Edgar F. &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH4H-N2D] - 1894(Vic)-1954(WA) - 6BN Perth (North Perth, 1924-1927; South Perth, 1930-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 136, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telephone mechanic (1925)
* [[/Frederick William Stevens|Stevens, Frederick William]] - 1898-19?? - 4SP Brisbane, amateur operator (PRTC 788, 1923, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP, 1930, Qld), Coastal wireless operator; first chief engineer 4QG, state public servant (4QG), pilot (Qantas), federal public servant (DCA)
* [[/Robert Edward Stevens|Stevens, Robert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZMF] - 1908(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7OJ Deloraine (1931-1933); 3OJ Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 817, 1931, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Auburn, Vic, 1931; Burwood, 1937-1980)

===''STEWART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Barnett Stewart|Stewart, Alexander Barnett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHBR-VND] - 1895(Sct)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4DD Receive Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Oondooroo, Qld, 1919); farmer (Palmwoods, Qld, 1921-1925); orderman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1928); truck driver (Eight Mile Plains, Qld, 1936-1937); foreman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Donald Richardson Stewart|Stewart, Donald Richardson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94CC-2MT] - 1902(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: V739 Receive Lorne (1922); 3GS Receive Lorne (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Lorne, 1925-1954); guest house proprietor (Lorne, 1967-1968); proprietor (Lorne, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Edgar Stewart|Stewart, John Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-3JC] - 1884(NSW)-1957(NSW) - Licences: 2MR Newcastle (Mayfield, 1923-1929; Hamilton, 1930); 2MR Sydney (Chatswood, 1931); 4MR Brisbane (Nundah, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2MR Waratah (1954-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Commonwealth Electoral Commission (Chief Electoral Officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Arncliffe, 1913); District Returning Officer (Mayfield, 1930); Commonwealth Electoral Officer (Nundah, Qld, 1937-1949); retired (Waratah, 1954)
* [[/Henry Stewart|Stewart, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXS7-R71] - 1896(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 234, 1916; 1COCP 318, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous HSs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Alfred Stewart|Stewart, William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBZ-4XJ] - 1910(WA)-2020(WA)109yo - Licences: 6ST Perth (West Leederville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1958, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balkatta, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1937); salesman (Wembley Park, WA, 1943; Leederville, WA, 1949); technician (Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley Park, WA, 1968; Floreat Park, WA, 1972-1980) - Links: [https://gerontology.fandom.com/wiki/William_Stewart Gerontology]

===''STIPEK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stipek|Stipek, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-XL1] - 1898(NSW)-1974(Florida, USA) - Licences: 7BE Receive St Helens (1923); Receive St Helens (1923); 7BE St Helens (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMG telegraph messenger, left PMGD 1920; first to log KGO in Tas - Comment: beware two other John Stipek's concurrently in Tas, 1920s - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (St Helens, 1919); clerk (St Helens, 1922)
===''STITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt|Stitt, Walter Hugh Rankin Jnr &quot;Hughie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBX-L5G] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2WH Forbes (1925-1969+), 2ARN Forster (1965-1969+),  amateur operator (AOCP 196, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, &quot;brother-in-law&quot; of Leslie Maclean Wilson 2LM, note his father also Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt and lived in same district

===''STOCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel Alan John Stocks|Stocks, Daniel Alan John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-R5P] - 1897(Vic)-1933(Vic) - 3DJ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927; Surrey Hills, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 144, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrical engineer, gone too soon
===''STOCKTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stockton|Stockton, Norman]] - 1904(WA)-1943(Germany) - 4NQ Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, press correspondent), journalist, &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''STOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Frederick Stow|Stow, Allen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WR-7GG] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3AS Melbourne (North Carlton,1928-1931; North Fitzroy, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Northcote, 1948-1965); 3AFS Portable Melbourne (Northcote, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 441, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton North, 1931; Fitzroy North, 1934-1942)
===''STOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Alfred Stowe|Stowe, Harry Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBJ-YTW] - 1892(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: XAS Sydney (Drummoyne, 1911-1914); 2CX Receive Sydney (Chatswood, 1922-1923); 2CX Sydney (Chatswood, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 19, 1924, No. 9 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, 1930-1958); retired (Frenchs Forest, 1968-1977)
===''STOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Bickley Stoyle|Stoyle, Jack Bickley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM1Z-JWV] - 1881(India)-1966(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 91, 1915; 1COCP 55, 1930 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920); AWA CRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1917); radio station master (Darwin, 1922; Kilkenny, 1939-1943)

===''STRAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Michael Strafford|Strafford, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ2K-LBX] - 1900(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5JS Adelaide (Stepney, 1936-1939; City, 1947-1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1710, 1936, SA; BOCP 514, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''STRATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Stephen Stratford|Stratford, Leo Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-HRX] - 1915(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4AE Goondiwindi (1936-1939); 4LS Goondiwindi (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1678, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1936-1949); radio dealer (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1954-1958); electrician (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1968); refrigeration mechanic (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1980)

===''STREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot; - See Florence Madeline Mackenzie 4YL
===''STREET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frederick Street|Street, Reginald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW5S-Z4L] - 1900(Tas)-1927(Tas) - Licences: 7BD Receive Hobart (1923); Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Hobart West, 1922)
===''STROHFELDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Strohfeldt|Strohfeldt or Strofeldt, Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVWD-W9Z] - 1904(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4GS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1041, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: licensed for 5 years after passing - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Roma, 1926); telegraphist (Charleville, 1928-1930); Paddington, Qld, 1936-1937); assistant radio inspector (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943)

===''STUART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Stuart|Stuart, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSH-RPC] - 1895(SA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval officer (Hobart, Tas, 1919); telegraphist (Hobart, 1922; Oakleigh, Vic, 1928-1942); primary producer (Tarra Valley, Vic, 1949-1954)
* [[/Michael Aloysius Horatio Stuart|Stuart, Michael Aloysius Horatio]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-2D9] - 1891(Vic)-1953(Vic) - Licences: 3MH Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1927); 3MH Rockbank (1931-1937); 5MS Adelaide (Rosewater, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 66, 1929; 1COCP 184, 1931; likely CRPT pre 1927 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Navy); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1925-1927); radio telegraphist (Beam Radio Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1937; Geraldton, WA, 1943); radio technician (Footscray North, Vic, 1949)

===''STURDEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Ashton Hobart Sturdee|Sturdee, Vernon Ashton Hobart]] - 1890(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur radio club (member, WIQ)

===''SULLIVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sullivan|Sullivan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLGD-VK6] - 1906(Vic)-1997(Vic) - 3SR Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1925-1926), 3SR Yallourn (1927), amateur operator (AOCP 206, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (1927)
===''SUTHERLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan James Sutherland|Sutherland, Alan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK6-94L] - 1916(SA)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 5XB Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939, 1947-1948); 3AXB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1954-1965); 3KY Melbourne (Balwyn, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1592, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dunleath, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Canterbury, Vic, 1954-1968; Balwyn, Vic, 1972-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1977)
* [[/George Bremner Sutherland|Sutherland or Clyne, George Bremner &quot;Jock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVF-KQC] - 1893(Sct)-19??(WA) - 6GB Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 295, 1932), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Navy, 1911), late 1920s assistant chief engineer 6WF (to Wally Coxon), DCA (aeradio operator, from 1941), radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949), retired (North Perth, 1958)

===''SUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Sutton|Sutton, Arthur Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMFM-Z34] - 1882(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (early 1910s); utilised Henry Sutton's experimental licence - Relationships: son of XLM Henry Sutton - Electoral Rolls: music seller (Malvern, 1909-1913; Hawthorn, 1914-1915); engineer (Kew, 1922-1925); traveller (Camberwell, 1927); mechanic (Brunswick, 1928)
* [[/Henry Sutton|Sutton, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD19-T7V] - 1855(Vic)-1912(Vic) - Licences: XLM Melbourne (Malvern, 1910-1912) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed from 1890s); numerous inventions, Australia's first wireless telephony experimenter (1906); invented several new types of telephones; early television experiments - Relationships: father of Arthur Ernest Sutton - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sutton-henry-4675 ADB] - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Jnr|Sutton, Joseph William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-HCJ] - 1874(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4CP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4EI Brisbane (City, 1923-1925) (In the name of the State Engineer) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIQ, foundation member; QWI); electrical engineer; senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Engineer) - Relationships: son of Joseph William Sutton Snr - Electoral Rolls: electric engineer (Teneriffe, 1903); engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909); assistant (GPO, 1912-1919); electrical engineer (New Farm, 1921-1936); retired (Ascot, 1937)
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Snr|Sutton, Joseph William Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-W6T] - 1844(Eng)-1914(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - club (Royal Society Qld, president) - Relationships: father of Joseph William Sutton Jnr - Links: [[w:Joseph William Sutton|Wikipedia]] - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909)

===''SWABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max J. Swaby|Swaby, Max J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4DA Dalby (-1948+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''SWAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Tamsett Swain|Swain, Lionel Tamsett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL1J-TGY] - 1902(NSW)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2CS Receive Newcastle (Hamilton, 1922); 2CS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1923-1927; Waratah, 1928-1939, 1946-1950; Charlestown, 1954-1961; Bolton Point, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 108, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Withdrawal: when 2CS Coffs Harbour commenced in early 1980s, policy had changed as to withdrawal of similar amateur callsigns - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Waratah, 1930-1954); engineer (Charlestown, 1958-1963); retired (Bolton Point, 1968-1980)
===''SWEENEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Moss Sweeney|Sweeney, Walter Moss]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNZ7-YRD] - 1887(Eng)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3WS Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1924-1925; Elwood, 1925-1931; St Kilda, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 204, 1916 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Subiaco, 1916-1917); no occupation (Melbourne, 1919); wireless engineer (East Melbourne, 1921-1924); engineer (Elsternwick, 1925-1928); director (St Kilda, 1931-1963)

===''SWINBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Charles Richard Swinburne|Swinburne, Frank Charles Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDML-S1J] - 1901(Qld)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 2AT Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922-1923); 2AT Sydney (Manly, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 557, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Manly, NSW, 1937; North Sydney, 1943))
===''SWINDELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Willie Swindells|Swindells, Willie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L812-BTK] - 1890(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Richmond, Vic, 1913-1914; Parkdale, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Geelong, 1927; Darlinghurst, NSW, 1931-1933); electrical engineer (Brunswick, Vic, 1934)

===''SYMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathaniel Joseph Leo Symonds|Symonds, Nathaniel Joseph Leo &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ3-3QH] - 1908(WA)-2005(WA) - 6LS Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1925-1930; Bicton, 1947-1948), 6LX Perth (Kalamunda, 1965-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 207, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW2, tailor (Cottesloe, 1931-1943), radio operator (Fremantle, 1949-1954), radio technician (Kalamunda, 1958-1980)
===''SYMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Lindsay Gordon Symons|Symons, John Lindsay Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZZ5-Q42] - 1913(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3JT Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939; East Hawthorn, 1946-1947; Burwood, 1948; South Melbourne, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 662, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Malvern, 1934-1943; Glen Iris, 1949); hotelkeeper (Malvern, 1954); engineer (Syndal, 1963)

=='''T'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''TAPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Ernest Tapp|Tapp, Charles Ernest or Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-BXV] - 1894(NSW)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 82, 1915 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: OIC Wireless Station (Thursday Island, Qld, 1915; South Yarra, Vic, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1930); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1942); manager (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''TAPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Tapper|Tapper, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZX-4T6] - 1910(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1929-1939); 6RJ Onslow (1946-1947); 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1948-1960); 2AO Wagga Wagga (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 538, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 218, 1931; TVOCP 324, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Claremont, 1931-1943); operator (Claremont, 1949-1963); radio inspector (Wagga Wagga, 1968-1980)

===''TARBOTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Augustus Tarbotton|Tarbotton, Harry Augustus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-87K] - 1902(Eng)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6HT Albany (1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1672, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Albany, WA, 1925-1931); motor mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936-1954); radio service (Albany, WA, 1958)

===''TARLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred William Tarling|Tarling, Alfred William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVH9-4RZ] - 1900(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4TW Townsville (1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; (likely qualification ca 1920, British Merchant Navy; 1COCP 679, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coolbie, Ingham, Qld, 1930); wireless operator (Pimlico, Qld, 1931-1932); labourer (West End, Qld, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''TARRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Albert Tarrant|Tarrant, Ernest Albert Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8SB-Z68] - 1898(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2AK Receive Narrabri (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Eulah Creek, 1930; Narrabri, 1943)
* [[/William Francis Tarrant|Tarrant, William Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5M-6JT] - 1914(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2UF Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1932-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1054, 1932, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (Newcastle, 1930-1949)

===''TATHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Edward Tatham|Tatham, Sydney Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQT-52W] - 1896(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 2ST Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925; City, 1926-1928; Darling Point, 1929-1933; City, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 33, 1915; 1COCP 406, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (editor, Sea, Land and Air, 1922); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: instructor (St Kilda, 1919; South Yarra, 1919); merchant (Darling Point, 1930-1933; City, 1934-1937; Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Camberwell, 1954); director (Balwyn, 1958-1972)
===''TAYLOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert William Taylor|Taylor, Albert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX56-JGX] - 1910(NSW)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AT Port Pirie (1934-1937); 5AT Adelaide (Solomontown, 1938-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1276, 1934, SA; BOCP 286, 1940; TVOCP 461, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Marleston, SA, 1941; Edwardstown, SA, 1943)
* [[/B. A. Taylor|Taylor, B. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DF Receive Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Donald Gordon Taylor|Taylor, Donald Gordon &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-N31] - 1907(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Forestville, 1923-1924); 5DX Adelaide (Forestville, 1926-1937; Black Forest, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 307, 1926, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 25, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: another DGT served in WW2 &amp; died on active service 1943 in NT - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (Goodwood, 1939; Black Forest, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Florence Mary Parsons|Taylor nee Parsons, Florence Mary]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZX2-FZB] - 1879(Eng)-1969(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - publisher - Electoral Rolls: managing director (Sydney, 1936); journalist (Vaucluse, 1954); editor (Darlinghurst, 1958; Potts Point, 1963) - Relationships: wife of George Augustine Taylor - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-florence-mary-8754 ADB]
* [[/George Augustine Taylor|Taylor, George Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-JG7] - 1872(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Nil (always operated under military or other amateur licences) - Qualifications: Nil - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, founder WIA NSW, founder Association for Development of Wireless in Australasia - Electoral Rolls: Nil - gone too soon - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-george-augustine-8756 ADB]
* [[/Leslie Harry Taylor|Taylor, Leslie Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-CD4] - 1898(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Sydney (Ashfield, 1936-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1723, 1936, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Leichhardt, 1930-1933; Ashfield, 1935-1968); retired (Ashfield, 1977)

===''TEECE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Auburn Selwyn Teece|Teece, Cecil Auburn Selwyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2Z37-JSS] - 1885(NSW)-1970(ACT) - Licences: V733 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GO Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (East Melbourne, 1909); examiner (Kew, 1910); civil servant (Kew, 1912; Hawthorn, 1914-1917); examiner of patents (Box Hill, 1919); civil servant (Toorak, 1922; Sandringham, 1924; St Kilda, 1928; East Melbourne, 1931; Reid, ACT, 1935-1937; Barton, 1943); public servant (Barton, 1949-1954); retired (Braddon, 1958-1968)
===''TEMPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Lander Templeton|Templeton, Gordon Lander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-VLH] - 1909(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3OW Coleraine (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 631, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Tahara Bridge, 1931-1937) - Relationships: cousin of 3HG Neil Murray Templeton - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
* [[/Neil Murray Templeton|Templeton, Neil Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6SD-RDT] - 1911(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3HG Coleraine (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 632, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1934-1937); RAAF (Canterbury, 1943); grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1949-1963) - Relationships: cousin of 3OW Gordon Lander Templeton

===''THEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Milton Theel|Theel, Kenneth Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD1Z-1Z9] - 1908(SA)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5CT Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5QP Adelaide (St Peters, 1927-1933; Clarence Park, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 322, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ledger keeper (Reade Park Gardens, SA, 1941-1943)

===''THOMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Kirk Raleigh Thomas|Thomas, Henry Kirk Raleigh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-8LL] - 1902(NSW)-19??(???) - 2HT Sydney (Mosman, 1924; Neutral Bay, 1925-1933; Cremorne, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1, 1924, No. 1 in NSW and Australia), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2GB, assistant engineer, 1946)
* [[/Herbert Thomas|Thomas, Herbert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6DY Perth (CBD, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, salesman (Harris Scarfe, 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous HTs
* [[/Ivor Thomas|Thomas, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-Q3G] - 1897(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5IT Adelaide (Mitcham, 1929-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 496, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Kingswood Park, 1939-1943)
* [[/Josiah Thomas|Thomas, Josiah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSY-Y24] - 1863(Eng)-1933(NSW) - establishment radio station (2CH), state politician (NSW, MLA, 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR, Postmaster-General 1908-1909, 1910-1911) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Roland Henry Thomas|Thomas, Roland Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-7Z4] - 1911(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4LR Brisbane (Bulimba, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1058, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bulimba, 1934); radio technician (Bulimba, Qld, 1937-1972); proprietor (Manly West, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Roy Valentine Thomas|Thomas, Roy Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6H-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1958(NSW) - 2TK Sydney (Erskinville, 1925), 2RV Sydney (Bondi North, 1927-1930), 2TK Sydney (South Hurstville, 1947-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 62, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''THOMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Thompson|Thompson, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HF Receive Sydney (East Balmain, 1922-1923); 2HF Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 47, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: several contemporaneous F. Thompson
* [[/Geoffrey George Thompson|Thompson, Geoffrey George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SP-DDD] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3GT Melbourne (Thornbury, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 388, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Thornbury, 1934-1937; North Melbourne, 1949); cameraman (Hawthorn, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Neville Weston Fane Thompson|Thompson, Leonard Neville Weston Fane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJKN-FJV] - 1899(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3LT Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1933; Carrum, 1937-1939; Bonbeach, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 762, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Glenferrie, 1925; Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1934; Carrum, 1936-1954)
* [[/Stanley Gordon Thompson|Thompson, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLZ-S21] - 1906(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (North Brighton, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: expert (Brighton, Vic, 1931); mechanic (Brighton, Vic, 1936); sales (Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1972)

===''THOMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Thomson|Thomson, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZND-ZPF] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3AT Sunshine (1925), amateur operator (AOCP 145, 1925, No. ?? in Vic)
* [[/G. L. Thomson|Thomson, G. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2GT Sydney (Waverley, 1924-1925), amateur operator (AOCP 3, 1924, No. 2 in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator of 2BV Waverley Radio Club
===''THORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Thorley|Thorley, Roy &quot;John&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-8GW] - 1912(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4RT Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1937; Annerley, 1938-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, president); business proprietor (mechanical engineering) - Comment: killed in automobile accident - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1937); engineer (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1963); contractor (Charters Towers, Qld, 1963)

===''THURSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wyngate Thurstan|Thurstan, Arthur Wyngate]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVFV-XSS] - 1907(Eng)-1976(NSW) - 2AV Sydney (Penshurst, 1924-1939; Beverley Hills, 1946-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 38, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, Lempriere &amp; Co (metallurgist; Chief Chemist, 1937)

===''THRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Thring|Thring, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XFG-ZY6] - 1882(NSW)-1936(Vic) - Film producer, founder 3XY Melbourne - Links: [[w:F. W. Thring|Wikipedia]]
===''THROSSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Ledsam Throssell|Throssell or Throssel, Lancelot Ledsam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHFL-59C] - 1902(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6LT Northam (1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 248, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Northam, 1925-1931); civil servant (Northam, 1936-1937); clerk (Bruce Rock, 1943); bank officer (Kojonup, 1954; Innaloo, 1963-1972); retired (Osborne Park, 1980)

===''THUGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thuge|Thuge, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-F55] - 1917(Qld)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4NC Gladstone (1936-1937); 4NO Gladstone (1938-1939); 4NO Brisbane (Hendra, 1947); 2ANO Sydney (Stanmore, 1948-1950; Arncliffe, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1622, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Charters Towers, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Petersham, NSW, 1949; Arncliffe, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Burwood, NSW, 1972)

===''THYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Joseph Thynne|Thynne, Andrew Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3H-T8K] - 1847(Irl)-1927(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1867, eventually Lieutenant-Colonel), profession (solicitor, Qld, 1873-1882), state politician (Qld MLC, Minister for Justice and Attorney General; Qld Postmaster-General, 1894-1897)

===''TILBROOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clem David Lloyd Tilbrook|Tilbrook, Clem David Lloyd]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-4PQ] - 1912(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5GL Adelaide (Brighton, 1933-1937; Camden, 1938-1939; Colonel Light Gardens, 1947-1965; Daw Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1210, 1933, SA; 2COCP 381, 1940; 1COCP 468, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Camden, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TILNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Edward Tilney|Tilney, Leslie Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPDS-4PK] - 1870(NSW)-1937(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 13, 1914 - early wireless experimenter (army); coastal wireless officer, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1916-1917); soldier (Claremont, 1917); commissioner (Caulfield, 1924-1931); civil servant (Malvern, 1933-1936) - TroveTag: &quot;Leslie Edward Tilney&quot; (400+ tags) - Links: [https://www.anzac-biographies.com/2021/06/05/tilney-lieutenant-colonel-leslie-edward-dso-mid-vd/ Bio]

===''TILSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Howard Tilse|Tilse, Arthur Howarde &quot;Howard&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTK5-CS8] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4WO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939; South Brisbane, 1946-1948; Yeronga, 1954-1970) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 725, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 155, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Army Signals, RAAF); art dealer - Electoral Rolls: radiotrician (Yeronga, 1934-1937); RAAF wireless operator (West End, Townsville, 1943); radio operator (South Brisbane, 1949); art dealer (Yeronga, 1954-1972)
===''TIMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Robert Timmins|Timmins, Alan Robert]] - broadcast engineer (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA), senior federal public servant (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA)
===''TIPPING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Tipping|Tipping, Edward Charles]] - 19??(???)-1968(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIQ, member, 1912), federal public servant (PMGD, clerk/accountant), military (Captain, Royal Engineers)
===''TIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. G. Tiver|Tiver, R. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Tanunda (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''TODD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Hugh Todd|Todd, Alan Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-7SG] - 1919(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4HT Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937; Newmarket, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Red Hill, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1639, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1954-1977) 
* [[/Charles Todd|Todd, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3X-PJ6] - 1826(Eng)-1910(SA) - senior state public servant (Government Electrician, Postmaster-General SA) - Links: [[w:Charles Todd (pioneer)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/todd-sir-charles-4727 ADB]
* [[/Lionel Victor Glen Todd|Todd, Lionel Victor Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5CG-Z68] - 1896(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2CR Tamworth (1922-1935); 2LS Tamworth (1936-1938); 2LS Denistone (1939); 2LS Sydney (West Ryde, 1957-1965; Denistone, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 132, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 282, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2CR callsign withdrawn by PMG in 1935 for 2CR Orange (Blayney) ABC - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (West Tamworth, 1932-1937); assistant radio inspector (Eastwood, 1943-1968)
* [[/Milton Buchanan Todd|Todd, Milton Buchanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-NQT] - 1892(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 63, 1915; 1COCP 81, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Thursday Island, 1916); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1930-1935); officer (Lewisham, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1937; Croydon, NSW, 1943; Townsville, 1949); senior radio officer (Townsville, 1954); radio officer (Kensington, NSW, 1958); retired (Blaxland, 1958)
* [[/Tom Arthur Todd|Todd, Tom Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD9C-7P5] - 1906(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2OT Receive Sydney (Eastwood, 1923); 2TT Sydney (Eastwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1957) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 984, 1928; 2COCP 50, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Eastwood, 1930-1937); radio mechanic (Eastwood, 1943-1977)

===''TONGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edward Tonge|Tonge, Arthur Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4S-MNM] - 1895(Eng)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AR Brisbane (Taringa, 1933; Indooroopilly, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1149, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 54, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darra, 1931; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937); mechanic (Milton, 1943-1949); process worker (Indooroopilly, 1954)

===''TONGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Melville Tongs|Tongs, Lawrence or Laurence Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR9L-Y7N] - 1899(Tas)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 7BU Receive North Motton (1923); Receive North Motton (1923); 2ADB Finley (1937-1939); 7LT Devonport (1960-1969); 3ALV Melbourne (Parkville, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 687, 1922; 2COCP 421, 1941 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Finley, 1930-1935); radio dealer (1936-1949); farmer (Dandenong, 1954); radio technician (Devonport, 1972); retired (Parkville, 1977-1980)

===''TONKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Maxwell Tonkin|Tonkin, Arthur Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLL6-HT9] - 1915(WA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 6MZ Katanning (1935-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Salisbury, 1948); 5TI Clare (1975); 5MZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1525, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Katanning, WA, 1937) 
* [[/Stanley Gordon Tonkin|Tonkin, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DQ-2R1] - 1910(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 2SG Albury (1929-1931); 2SG Sydney (Double Bay, 1933; Waverley, 1933-1936; Lane Cove, 1937); 2SG Goonellabah (1938-1939); 2SG Sydney (Epping, 1946-1955); 5SG Adelaide (Hampstead Gardens, 1956; Manningham, 1969; Glenunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 520, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 57, 1931; 2COCP 391, 1940; 1COCP 493, 1941  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Woolwich, 1932); engineer (Edgecliff, 1933); mechanic (Waverley, 1934); radio engineer (Newtown, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936; Goonellabah, 1937; Eastwood, 1943); radio technician (West Epping, 1949-1954)

===''TORMEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Tormey|Tormey, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-85X] - 1902(NSW)-1993(ACT) - Licences: 2ET Canberra (City, 1930-1934; Ainslie, 1935-1939, 1946-1955); 1ET Canberra (Ainslie, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 687, 1930, No. ?? in ACT - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Braddon, 1928-1930; Ainslie, 1935); bus driver (Ainslie, 1937); car driver (Ainslie, 1943-1980)

===''TRAEGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Hermann Traeger|Traeger, Alfred Hermann or Herman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNJ-LRP] - 1895(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AX Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1926-1931; Corryton, 1933-1937; Marratville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 293, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; inventor (with 5BG) of the pedal wireless for the RFDS - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, 1930-1932); wireless engineer (Leabrook, SA, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/traeger-alfred-hermann-8839 ADB]

===''TRAYNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Byron Traynor|Traynor, Philip Byron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-LCT] - 1900(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 224, 1925, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 353, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mile End, 1939); federal public servant (Glandore, 1941); inspector (Torrens Park, 1943)

===''TREBILCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Trebilcock|Trebilcock, Eric William]] - 1911(???)-1989(SA) - BERS195 (1933+), amateur listener
===''TREDREA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Aloysius Trevithick Tredrea|Tredrea, Frederick Aloysius Trevithick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MC1W-M7C] - 1900(WA)-1958(WA) - Licences: 6FT Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1929-1931; South Perth, 1933); 6FT Northam (1937); 6FT Perth (South Perth, 1938-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 512, 1929, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 156, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, 1925); radio operator (Northam, 1936); broadcast engineer (South Perth, 1937-1958)

===''TREGEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. S. Tregear|Tregear, W. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 3TR Melbourne (Hawthorn 192x), 3TX Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, 3TR callsign withdrawn by PMGD to prevent confusion with 3TR Sale Class B station
===''TREHARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elgar Dennis Llewellyn Treharne|Treharne, Elgar Dennis Llewellyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-X9R] - 1914(NSW)-1997(SA) - 2AFQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Ross 2IQ/5??
* [[/Herbert Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Herbert Fredrind &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F8-6ZN] - 1883(NSW)-1968(SA) - 2BM Sydney, 5QT Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW, age 60), father of Ross 2IQ/5?? and Elgar 2AFQ/5??
* [[/Ross Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Ross Fredrind]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-DJD] - 1919(NSW)-1982(SA) - 2IQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP 1513, 1935, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Elgar 2AFQ/5??
===''TRELOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Treloar|Treloar, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMJ-379] - 1906(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6JT Perth (Beaconsfield, 1931-1933; Melville, 1937; Beaconsfield, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 790, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1931-1943); tally clerk (Bicton, WA, 1949-1980)

===''TRESSIDDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Laurence Tresidder|Tresidder, William Laurence or Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PT-SQ7] - 1904(WA)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3WT Bendigo (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Bendigo, 1927-1942); radio (Kangaroo Flat, 1949-1954); radio engineer (Bendigo, 1963-1980)
===''TREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Stanley Trew|Trew, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCB6-GW4] - 1902(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6RS Harvey (1933-1937); 6RS Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1938-1939); 6RP Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1189, 1933, WA; 2COCP 382, 1940; 1COCP 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant postal department (York, WA, 1925); postal assistant (York, WA, 1926); postal employee (Harvey, WA, 1931-1937); postal clerk (Leederville, WA, 1937-1943); PMG (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); radio monitor (Joondanna Heights, WA, 1954-1958)

===''TRIM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Trim|Trim, Sydney (Electoral Rolls) or Sidney (BDM)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL7D-NLM] - 1880(Vic)-1960(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 179; 2COCP 178, 1930; 1COCP 105, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1913; West Perth, WA, 1913-1914); &quot;radio station&quot; (Wyndham, WA, 1914-1917); farmer (Mosman, NSW, 1936-1937); engineer (Applecross, WA, 1937-1958)

===''TROTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Ford Trott|Trott, Clement Ford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGY-XPN] - 1907(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CS McLaren Vale (1928-1929); 5CF McLaren Vale (1930-1931); 5CF Willunga (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 454, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (McLaren Flat, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Rusel Troy|Troy, Thomas Rusel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKG-MKH] - 1898(NSW)-1992(NSW) - 2SH Receive West Maitland (1923), 2SH West Maitland (1924-1925), 2TY West Maitland (1926-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 208, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, postman (West Maitland, 1930-1949), postal officer (Maitland, 1954), postal clerk (Maitland, 1958)
===''TRUDGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Wallis Trudgen|Trudgen, Maxwell Wallis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3H-XYH] - 1907(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (East Adelaide, 1926); 5HS Adelaide (Fullarton, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 247, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mitcham, 1939-1941); mechanical engineer (Sydney, 1943-1954); engineer (Little Bay, 1958-1968)
===''TRUNFULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Leonard Trunfull|Trunfull, Richard Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBL-K7B] - 1906(Eng)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6RT South Greenough (1932-1933); 6RT Peel Estate (1937); 6RT Roebourne (1938-1939); 6RT Dangin (1947-1948); 6RT Nungarin (1954); 6RT Narembeen (1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 924, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (South Greenough, WA, 1931; Baldavis, WA, 1936; Dangin, WA, 1943-1949; Nungarin, WA, 1954; Narembeen, WA, 1958)

===''TUMBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Henry Tumbridge|Tumbridge, Stanley Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM12-M1C] - 1899(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4ST Ipswich (1932-1933); 4ST Stanthorpe (1937-1939); 4ST Broadwater, 1947-1948; 4ST Brisbane (Woody Point, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 986, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Woodend, Qld, 1921); teacher (Murgon, Qld, 1925); school teacher (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1936-1937; Broadwater, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Margate, Qld, 1949-1954; Woody Point, Qld, 1958-1963)

===''TURNBULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Edward Turnbull|Turnbull, Norman Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TP-7K8] - 1900(WA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 6NO Narrogin (1928); 6NO Perth (City, 1930; Subiaco, 1931; Shenton Park, 1937-1939); 3AXX Melbourne (Armadale, 1954; Carrum, 1955; Parkdale, 1956; Cheltenham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: c; AOCP 430, 1928, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1120, 1928; 1COCP 185, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Bunbury, 1922; Busselton, 1925; Narrogin, 1925; Subiaco, 1931); radio inspector (Subiaco, 1934-1936); civil servant (East Perth, 1937); engineer (Armadale, 1954); clerk (Sandringham, 1958); manager (Sandringham, 1963-1968; Cheltenham, 1972); retired (Cheltenham, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert William Turnbull|Turnbull, Robert William or Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1S-GP4]  - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2RO Sydney (Burwood, 1927-1938; Northbridge, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 317, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bricklayer (Homebush, 1930-1963)

===''TURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Reginald Turner|Turner, Edward Arthur Reginald &quot;Rex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT9-JD5] - 1910(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CW Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1925); 5SA Adelaide (Leabrook, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 272, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butter maker (Gawler, 1939-1943)
* [[/Haswell Elliott Alfred Turner|Turner, Haswell Elliott Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQG-8TG] - 1891(Vic)-1969(NSW) - 2TM Sydney (Mosman, 1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 127, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, military, likely related to XACW E. Turner, Jnr
* [[/Ralph Robinson Turner|Turner, Ralph Robinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2D-S51] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5TR Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1935-1937; Dulwich, 1938-1939; Linden Park, 1947-1969; Echunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1444, 1935, SA; BOCP 66, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dulwich, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Robert John Blackwell Turner|Turner, Robert John Blackwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L62T-FP7] - 1884(NSW)-1943(NSW) - 2RT Goulburn (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 55, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''TWEEDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/P. Tweedle|Tweedle, P.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DM Receive Brisbane (Albion, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''TYAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Robert Wilson Tyas|Tyas, Norman Robert Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHC-SK6] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4TY Gracemere (1932-1934); 4TY Kingaroy (1935-1939); 4TY Brisbane (Manly, 1946-1948); 4TY Boonah (1954); 4TY Wallangarra (1955-1956); 4TY Warwick (1960); Brisbane (Manly, 1965-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1059, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); state public servant (state school principal) - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Kingaroy, Qld, 1936-1943; Brookstead, Qld, 1949; Mt Alford, Qld, 1954); teacher (Wallangarra, Qld, 1958); school teacher (Warwick, Qld, 1963; Manly, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''TYMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Tymms|Tymms, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-R2D] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 84, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Geraldton, 1922; Como, 1925); not stated (Broome, 1937); wireless telegraphist (Townsville, 1954)

=='''U'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''UMBACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ricky Charles Umback|Umback, Ricky Charles]] - early wireless historian (Ph.D. Thesis, 2016, &quot;Constituting Australia's International Wireless Service: 1901-1922&quot;) [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/142647/1/Umback%20Thesis%202018.pdf]
===''UNDERWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Underwood|Underwood, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-1XZ] - 1875(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Newstead, Qld, 1913-1915; Clayfield, Qld, 1916-1943); no occupation (Albion, Qld, 1943; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949)

===''UNGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Unger|Unger, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-????(???) - 2YRS Alectown (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ????, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, son of Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger 2UJ
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger|Unger, Herbert Wilhelm Carl or Herbert William Carl]] - 1911(???)-2012(NSW, 101yo) - 2UJ Alectown (1933-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1108, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, father of A. H. Unger 2YRS

===''URQUHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Stewart Urquhart|Urquhart, Malcolm Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXT-5C3] - 1905(WA)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1925-1939); 6MU Merredin (1946-1960); 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 116, 1925, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 27, 1936; AOLCP 158, 1934; 2COCP 85, 1937; 1COCP 126, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clerk (1931); broadcast technician (6MD, 1958); WW2 (1939-1945) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Cottesloe, WA, 1931-1937); broadcast technician (Merredin, WA, 1943-1963)

=='''V'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''VALENTINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Keith Valentine|Valentine, Lionel Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZVK] - 1916(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7KV Hobart (Bellerive, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1148, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bellerive, Tas, 1937; Acton, ACT, 1949); public servant (Hobart West, Tas, 1958)
===''VAN COUTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Josephus Van Cooth|Van Cooth, John Robert Josephus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GN-6ZP] - 1908(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (St Kilda West, 1931)
===''VARDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Edwin Vardon|Vardon, Joseph Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV9V-VPR] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923-1924); 5OM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 329, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Malvern, 1941-1943)

===''VAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Vaughan (also known as Hearps, change of name), David Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-HG5] - 1901(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2FY Sydney (Lakemba, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 665, 1930, NSW (Hearps); AOCP 1003, 1932, NSW (Vaughan) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Lakemba, 1930-1937); machinist (Lakemba, 1943-1972)

===''VEALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Pax Veall|Veall, Reginald Pax]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-GR6] - 1918(Vic)-1942(NT) - Licences: 3PV Melbourne (St Kilda, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2050, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 274, 1939; 1COCP 375, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Merchant Navy, Wireless Officer, MV Neptuna) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [http://www.ntlexhibit.nt.gov.au/exhibits/show/bod/roh/veall]
===''VEARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elwyn Thomas Vears|Vears, Elwyn Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHS1-C67] - 1901(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2BM Leura (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Strathfield, 1930-1937; Burwood, 1943-1958)) 
===''VERNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Henry Vernon|Vernon, Charles Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88V-18Z] - 1901(WA)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6KZ Albany (1930-1931); 6KZ Perth (Fremantle, 1933-1939); 3AMD Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1947); 6KZ Perth (Guildford, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 566, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Forts, Albany, 1922-1931; Fremantle, 1936-1937; 9AAD, Guildford, 1949-1954); retired (Wagin, 1958; Morley, 1963)

===''VICKARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Mervyn Vickary|Vickary, Reginald Mervyn &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-CLP] - 1909(NSW)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RV Cunnamulla (1930-1933); 4RV Warwick (1936-1939); 4VX Brisbane (Gordon Park, 1965; The Grange, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 702, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Cunnamulla, 1931); radio dealer (Warwick, 1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); shopkeeper (Toowoomba, 1949; Ekibin, 1954; Chermside, 1963; Grange, 1968-1972)
===''VICKERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth James Vickery|Vickery, Kenneth James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQP-WMQ] - 1893(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Receive Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1923); 2RA Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Hurlstone Park, 1930-1933); electrician (West Ryde, 1935; Parkes, 1936; Uralla, 1943); farmer (North Richmond, 1949-1968)

===''VINCENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Vincent|Vincent, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-7S8] - 1906(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DL Receive Kalgoorlie (1923-1924); 6VK Kalgoorlie (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 59, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1931-1937); manufacturer (South Perth, WA, 1949-1963; Como, WA, 1972-1980)

===''VINING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Vining|Vining, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR1-NLT] - 1906(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4WE Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 277, 1926, No. 22 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carrier (Nundah, 1928-1931); motor driver (Mitchelton, 1934; Gaythorne, 1936); mechanic (Gayndah, 1943); telephone mechanic (Enoggera, 1949-1963); telephone technician (Enoggera, 1968-1977)

===''VIPAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alton Frederick Vipan|Vipan, Alton Frederick]] - 1890(NSW)-1946(NSW) - XHV Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), ship wireless operator, AWA (Koo-we-rup, 1922)

===''VOIGT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emil Robert Voigt|Voigt, Emil Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-VV2] - 1883(Eng)-1973(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - 2KY Sydney, broadcast station manager; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, NSW Labor wireless committee) - Relationships: father of Rion Osborne Voigt; grandfather of Robin Voigt - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Dee Why, 1930-1934); manager (Dee Why, 1935; Narrabeen, 1936)  - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/voigt-emil-robert-8930 ADB]; [[w:Emil_Voigt_(athlete)|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.radioheritage.com/story70/ RHF]
* [[/Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt|Voigt, Rion Osborne Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-L1V] - 1915(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - broadcast industry executive, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Narrabeen, 1937; Turramurra, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of Emil Robert Voigt; father of Robin Voigt
* [[/Robin Voigt|Voigt, Robin]] - historian (Emil Robert Voigt; 2KY) - Relationships: grandson of Emil Robert Voigt; son of Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt
===''VOLKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Henry Oxford Volkman|Volkman, Reginald Henry Oxford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4CV-7PH] - 1902(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2RY Grafton (1924-1925); 2RY Scone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Woollahra, 1930-1933)
===''VOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Taylor Vowles|Vowles, Rupert Taylor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYT-FLF] - 1894(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XIZ Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2AW Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2XZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 562, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Concord, 1930-1972)

=='''W'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''WADDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivon Edward Waddell|Waddell, Ivon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-H3S] - 1909(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WX Albany (1929-1930); 6WX Katanning (1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 561, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Katanning, 1936; South Perth, 1937)
===''WADDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. M. Waddle|Waddle, E. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4GZ Charters Towers (-1959+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''WADDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard William Mackie Waddy|Waddy, Richard William Mackie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB62-5RP] - 1848(SA)-1933(SA) - senior state public servant (SA Post &amp; Telegraphs Dept), senior federal public servant (Deputy Postmaster-General SA)
===''WADHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin Wadham|Wadham, Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZC-SBQ] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5KW Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Helmsdale, 1928; Da Costa Park, 1931; Glenelg, 1933; Adelaide, 1937; Glenelg, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 23, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WIA SA (Councillor 1931; Hon. Treasurer, 1931); National Radio Corp (manager, 1938); Holdfast Bay Yacht Club (Vice-commodore, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Helmsdale, SA, 1939-1941; Da Costa Park, SA, 1943)

===''WAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Fripp Wahl|Wahl, Alan Fripp]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMB-TD4] - 1918(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6JB Perth (Leederville, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Dianella, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2101, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Leederville, WA, 1943-1958); clerk (Dianella, WA, 1963-1980)

===''WALCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Crosby Walch|Walch, Alan Crosby or Crosby Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQC7-GSS] - 1907(NSW)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7BI Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923-1925); 7CW Hobart (Bellerive, 1926-1927; Battery Point, 1931-1933; City, 1937; Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 231, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1, 1936; 1AOCP 16, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Hobart South, 1936-1954)

===''WALDRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Gerard Waldron|Waldron, Francis Gerard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WALKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Walker|Walker, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFY-L2V] - 1898(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 699, 1922 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: newspaper carrier (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1934-1937); carrier (Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1972)
* [[/Charles Welsh Walker|Walker, Charles Welsh &quot;Chas&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFR-19W] - 1899(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4CU Receive Clifton (1923); 4CU Clifton (1924-1960); 4DQ Portable Clifton (1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 10, 1924, No. 2 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; motor mechanic; Walker's Radio Service (proprietor, 1930s-1950s) - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Clifton, Qld, 1921-1958)
* [[/Louis Edward Walker|Walker, Louis Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSWB-L81] - 1864(Eng)-1934(At Sea) - Oversight of the 1906 Bass Strait link for Marconi Wireless Telegraphy Co
* [[/Philip Billingsley Walker|Walker, Phillip Billingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MNF3-P9W] - 1840(Eng)-1900(NSW) - early wireless experimenter, employment (NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendent of Telegraphs, Chief Electrician)
* [[/Ronald Gregory Walker|Walker, Ronald Gregory &quot;Gregory&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRP-GC6] - 1907(NSW)-1929(At Sea) - Licences: 7BT Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; journalist (Hobart &quot;Mercury&quot;); film maker - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1928) - Links: [http://www.seafarersmemorial.org.au/memorials/walker_g.php Seafarer's Memorial]
* [[/William Spencer Walker|Walker, William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCF4-R77] - 1911(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5WW Adelaide (Alberton, 1934-1939; West Croydon, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1305, 1934, SA; BOCP 444, 1942; TVOCP 274, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939); mechanic (West Croydon, SA, 1941-1943)

===''WALLACE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] See Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;
===''WALLBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Walter Wallbridge|Wallbridge, Leslie Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDMT-HKZ] - 1910(Eng)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5UX Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1930-1937); 5UX Peterborough (1938-1939); 5UX Kadina (1947-1948); 5UX Cook (1954-1955); 5UX Saddleworth (1956); 5UX Hawker (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 712, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Peterborough, SA, 1939-1941; Rendelsham, SA, 1943; Alice Springs, NT, 1963)

===''WALLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Wallis|Wallis, John Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JW Longford (1932-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 893, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Burnie, 1928; Longford, 1936-1937)
* Wallace, Florence Violet (adoptive name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)

===''WALSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Dunbar Walsh|Walsh, Harold Dunbar &quot;Cordite&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W3-CT7] - 1903(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4HW Brisbane (Hamilton, 1925-1931; Rocklea, 1946-1947)); 4WN Brisbane (Hamilton, 1927, dealer) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 133, 1925, No 14 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF); solicitor; pilot - Comment: Tragic end to a productive life - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1925-1937); airline pilot (Moorooka, 1949)

===''WALTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Allan Walters|Walters, Charles Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-LBY] - 1910(Vic)-1947(Vic) - Licences: 3CW Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1933; Heidelburg, 1937-1939; Brunswick, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 524, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1931-1936; Heidelberg, 1937; Brunswick, 1942)
* [[/Gerald Wills Walters|Walters, Gerald (Wills or Willis or blank)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7Y-1HZ] - 1886(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 108, 1915; 2COCP 157, 1930; 1COCP 129, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Currie, King Island, Tas, 1919; Darwin, NT, 1922); radio telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1928); wireless officer (Radio Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1936-1937); wireless (Gladesville, NSW, 1943); wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''WALZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edwyn Walz|Walz, Arthur Edwyn or Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM9T-LB3] - 1908(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4AW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939; Wavell Heights, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 287, 1926, No. 26 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; plumber; radio repair business - Relationships: son of Conrad August Walz - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Nundah, 1934-1943); radio engineer (Wavell Heights, 1949-1980) 
* [[/Conrad August Walz|Walz, Conrad August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRGZ-QF3] - 1882(Qld)-1951(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), plumber, farmer, father of 4AW Arthur Edwyn Walz

===''WARDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney William Lumley Wardle|Wardle, Sidney William Lumley]] - 1911(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 2OU Woodford Leigh (1930-1935); 2OU Armidale (1936-1937); 2OU Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939); 5OU Adelaide (Lockleys, 1946-1954); 2DID Berridale (1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 610, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Woodford Leigh, 1934-1935); technician (Bondi North, 1937; Woollahra, 1943); retired (Berridale, 1980)
===''WARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Clarke Waring|Waring, Cecil Clarke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQW4-V9F] - 1904(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3CU Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1924); 3YW Melbourne (Camberwell, 1929-1931; Canterbury, 1933; Kew, 1937); 3YW Rupanyup (1938-1939); 3YW Stawell (1946-1948); 3YW Warrnambool (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 549, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Canterbury, 1925-1928; Kew, 1931-1937; Stawell, 1942-1949; Warrnambool, 1954-1977)
===''WARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Leslie George Warne|Warne, Maurice Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSP-LHY] - 1909(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2MW Sydney (Croydon, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 300, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Campsie, 1931-1934); radio mechanic (Campsie, 1936-1937); radio sales (Kogarah, 1943-1963); radio &amp; TV technician (Arncliffe, 1968)
===''WARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Albert Warner|Warner, Geoffrey Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-6NR] - 1914(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2CK Wyong (1930-1939); 3ABW Fiskville (1947); 9GW Port Moresby (1948-1954); 2AVW Bringelly (1955-1958); 2CK Bringelly (1960-1969); 6EG Bassendean (1975); 2HJ Camden (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 710, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 60, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless technician (Rockbank, Vic, 1942); technician (OTC Bringelly, 1958-1963); manager (Bassendean, 1977; Camden South, 1980) - callsign may have been withdrawn for 2CK Cessnock commercial (later restored)
===''WARNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Bernard Warnock|Warnock, Neil Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ8-58G] - 1944(Vic)-2019(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WATERHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. G. Waterhouse|Waterhouse, A. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XVV Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WATERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George James Waters|Waters, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X9-S46] - 1902(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3EX Receive Melbourne (Heathcote, 1922); 3XA Melbourne (East Prahran, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 608, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as yet - Comment: Passed too soon
* [[/James Alfred Waters|Waters, James Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JA Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1685, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Queensborough, 1936); teacher (Ringarooma, 1937); schoolteacher (Queensborough, 1943-1954)
* [[/Leslie Waters|Waters, Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85N-TZB] - 1882(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Innisfail (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Randell Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Innisfail, 1919-1943); radio dealer (Innisfail, 1949)

===''WATERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lindsay Carmel Waterworth|Waterworth, Lindsay Carmel &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YY-6M6] - 1892(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Rockhampton (1935-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1526, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Charleville, Qld, 1921); telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1968)

===''WATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Paul Watkins|Watkins, Andrew Paul]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6AW Perth (1936-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1805, 1936, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster
* [[/William Trevor Watkins|Watkins, William Trevor &quot;Trevor&quot;, &quot;Watty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKG-J4V] - 1899(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: T336 Hobart (1920-1921); 7AA Hobart (1922-1925); 7DX Hobart (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 107, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: PMGD withdrew 7AA callsign for their own use, electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1922), wireless expert (Medhurst &amp; Sons, Hobart, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (West Hobart, 1922-1928) - Comment: passed too soon

===''WATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. A. Watson|Watson, A. A.]] - bef1910(???)-aft1930(???) - Licences: 2UT Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 341, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: None as yet - Full name not yet identified
* [[/Douglas Mervyn Watson|Watson, Douglas Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MG-FPY] - 1920(Tas)-1989(Tas) - Licences: 7DW Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939; City, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1867, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Hobart South, 1949-1954); mechanic (Lindisfarne, 1972)
* [[/Herbert Leopold Watson|Watson, Herbert Leopold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZP-JLK] - 1897(Vic)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Kiama (1929-1933); 2OL Unanderra (1935-1938); 2OL Woollongong (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 545, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Kiama, 1930); electrical engineer (Unanderra, 1934-1937; Heidelberg, Vic, 1949); electrician (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1954); retired (Avalon Beach, 1968-1972; Mona Vale, 1977; Mosman, 1980) 
* [[/James David Watson|Watson, James David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F5-789] - 1910(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3NQ Darlington via Camperdown (1930-1939); 2ANQ Albury (1946-1957) - Qualifications: AOCP 633, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Darlington, 1931-1943); radio technician (Albury, 1949-1954) - Comment: Beware another JDW, labourer, Geelong, 1930s 
* [[/John Watson|Watson, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CR Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 436, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil, as yet, specific individual not yet identified
* [[/Samuel Wilfred Watson|Watson, Samuel Wilfred or Wilfred Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-LXP] - 1906(Eng)-1998(WA) - Licences: 6WW Perth (West Perth, 1930-1939, 1948-1969); 6WW Shoalwater Bay (1975); 6WW Cardup (1980) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 189, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (West Perth, WA, 1931-1972); retired (Shoalwater Bay, WA, 1977; Cardup, WA, 1980)
* [[/William Wesley Watson|Watson, William Wesley]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart South, 1949)

===''WATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Watt|Watt, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-4B7] - 1901(Sct)-1985(Tas) - Licences: 7BO Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923); Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prince of Wales Bay, 1922-1928); accountant (New Town, 1936-1949; Moonah, 1954)
* [[/Arthur William Watt|Watt, Arthur William]] -  19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly)
* [[/Charles Russell Watt|Watt, Charles Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-JFH] - 1904(Eng)-1993(NSW) - 2WT Tenterfield (1925-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 184, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, grazier (Tenterfield, 1930-1980)
===''WAUCHOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Wylie Wauchope|Wauchope, Ronald Wylie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH6X-QJR] - 1914(SA)-1933(SA)19yo - Licences: 5WE Adelaide (Maylands, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1086, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, 19yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WEATHERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Elsdon Weatherley|Weatherley, Harry William Elsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBF-1HC] - 1921(Vic)-2006(Vic) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, New Zealand DX Radio Association, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia - Chief Editor, Ontario DX Club), ANARC DXer of the year - metallurgist (Auburn, 1949-1954); technician (Mount Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Mount Waverley, 1980)
* [[/Herb J. Weatherley|Weatherley, Herb J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4HW Clifton (-1951+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), callsign formerly Harold Dunbar Walsh
===''WEATHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Weatherson|Weatherson, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WEATHERSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stewart Weatherston|Weatherston, William Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LZ-2KF] - 1905(WA)-1942(Sing) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1927); salesman (St Kilda, 1931; Forrest, ACT, 1935; Newtown, 1943!) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''WEBSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Charles Webster|Webster, Harold Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCRM-31P] - 1876(Tas)-1923(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Launceston, 1914); clerk (Hobart North, 1922)
* [[/William Webster|Webster, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJD-D94] - 1860(Eng)-1936(NSW) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1915-1920), played prominent part in the Postal Royal Commission

===''WEDDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Austin Weddell|Weddell, James Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK9-SYF] - 1914(SA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5ZL Adelaide (Reade Park, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1595, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Col Light Gardens, SA, 1939-1943); RAAF (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Auburn, Vic, 1954); RAAF officer (Richmond, NSW, 1958); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1963); not stated (Red Hill, ACT, 1968-1972); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Arthur Weddell|Weddell, John Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKM-KVK] - 1926(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FT Brisbane (Zillmere, 1954-1960); 2ZM Glenbrook (1961); 4FT Brisbane (Sandgate North, 1965-1969); 2BFT Sydney (Clovelly, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3172, 1951, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1949; Zillmere, Qld, 1954-1958; Sandgate, Qld, 1963-1968); technician (Marrickville, NSW,  1972; Clovelly, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''WEDGEWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Donald Wedgewood|Wedgewood, William Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLV-GM8] - 1901(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: N741 Receive NSW - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 692, 1922; 2COCP 49, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: boarder (Sutton Coalfield, Eng, 1911); manufacturer (Glenmore, 1930-1936); aviator (Nedlands, WA, 1937); farmer (Moruya, 1949-1954); greenkeeper (Brisbane, 1958); public servant (Hornsby, 1963-1972)

===''WEEKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. L. Weeks|Weeks, H. L.]] - 19??-19?? - Licences: 4CJ Receive Currumbin (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: - Identification: Not yet identified

===''WEISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred George Weiss|Weiss, Wilfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-7NP] - 1912(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2TV Sydney (Croydon Park, 1960-1961; Strathfield, 1965); 2TV Ettalong Beach (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 670, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lithgow, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Lithgow, 1943); silk screen craftsman (Croydon Park, 1949-1958); retired (Strathfield, 1963-1968; Ettalong Beach, 1972; Ettalong, 1977)

===''WELLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Arthur Martin Weller|Weller, Cyril Arthur Martin &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-WXH] - 1903(???)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2160, 1938, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, Radio Club (WIAQ, Brisbane DX Club), power station engineer, education (ME, UQ) - Electoral Rolls: student (Windsor, 1925); engineer (Wilston, 1925-1928; Camp Hill, 1934-1943; Clayfield, 1949-1972; Albion, 1977)
===''WELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Welling|Welling, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLHB-KQZ] - 1898(Eng)-1960(SA) - Licences: 5TW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1937); 5TW Mt Gambier (1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 179, 1930; 1COCP 81, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941); wireless technician (Mt Gambier, SA, 1943)

===''WELLINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hudson Wellington|Wellington, Stanley Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB84-47Y] - 1909(Tas)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7PK Hobart (New Town, 1932-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1002, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 117, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: representative (Caulfield, 1936); chemist (Brighton, Vic, 1937-1942); manager (Mosman, 1949-1980)

===''WELLMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Joseph Wellman|Wellman, Leo Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1SW-R9S] - 1898(NSW)-1965(NSW) - 2PS Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923), 2LW Sydney (Marrickville, 1925-1928), amateur operator (AOCP 117, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WELSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud William Welsh|Welsh, Claude or Claud  William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPH-WS4] - 1914(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4CW Warwick (1937-1939); 4DK Mackay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1982, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, Qld, 1937-1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1943); radio technician (Warwick, Qld, 1958; Mackay, Qld, 1958); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1963); radio technician (Mackay, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''WERRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Errol Limbrick Werrett|Werrett, Errol Limbrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-FMH] - 1908(Tas)-1974(Eng) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hampshire (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm worker (Hampshire, 1936-1937); fitter (South Melbourne, 1943); engineer (Caulfield, 1949-1968; Balaclava, 1972)

===''WESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Frederick Shorter Weston|Weston, Cyril Frederick Shorter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVJ-FXY] - 1905(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4EN Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kedron, 1928); Christian worker (Darlinghurst, 1934); grocer (Oatley, 1943); agriculturalist (Ourimbah, 1949); salesman (Paekhurst, 1963-1980); retired (Charmhaven, 1980)
* [[/George James Weston|Weston, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ3-Y8Q] - 1868(Eng)-1939(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 702, 1922 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant) - Comment: Several contemporaneous GJWs - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Albany, 1903); civil servant (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1910-1912); civil servant (Wireless Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1913); sailor (Toorak, 1919); naval officer (Elsternwick, 1919); civil servant (Auburn, Vic, 1922); wireless engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1924-1927); retired engineer (Upwey, 1931-1937)
* [[/Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston|Weston, Robert Marcus Hamilton &quot;Mark&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-KW6] - 1915(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4XO Bundaberg (1938-1939); 2WE Sydney (Lidcombe, 1946-1947); 2AWE Sydney (Kingsford, 1955; Kensington, 1956-1957); 2AYK Sydney (Kensington, 1957; Kingsford, 1958-1961); 2CM Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2076, 1938, Qld; 2COCP 386, 1940; 1COCP 581, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; wireless officer (QANTAS) - Relationships: husband of 2MR Verle Lorraine Weston nee Key(s) - Electoral Rolls: marine wireless operator (Auchenflower, Qld, 1943); radio operator (Blakehurst, NSW, 1949; Kingsford, NSW, 1954-1963; Sans Souci, NSW, 1968-1980)
* [[/Verle Lorraine Keys|Weston nee Key(s), Verle Lorraine]] - 1934(???)-1985(NSW) - 2MR Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980), YL amateur operator (AOCP ???, 1964, No. ?? in Qld), wife of Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston 2CM
* [[/William Wood Weston|Weston or Wehrstedt, William Wood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPG-KBQ] - 1912(WA)-1953(WA) - Licences: 6MW Perth (Nedlands, 1935-1939; North Beach, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1465, 1935, WA; BOCP 596, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Further clarification of identification required - Electoral Rolls: assistant operator (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); operator (Leederville, WA, 1943-1954; North Perth, WA, 1958-1968; Leederville, WA, 1972-1977)

===''WHALLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Percy Whalley|Whalley, Rupert Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGZ-CV3] - 1894(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JZ Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922); 3JZ Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1927); 3JZ Myrtleford (1937-1939); 3JZ Wangaratta (1946-1948); 3JZ Melbourne (Blackburn, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 238, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: builder (Sandringham, 1919-1925); farmer (Myrtleford, 1927-1942); tobacco grower (Wangaratta, 1949); foreman (Blackburn, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 3ZWZ Robert Kelvin Whalley

===''WHEELER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Winslow Wheeler|Wheeler, Harry Winslow]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBC-BYC] - 1910(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5FB Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1927-1928); 5HW Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 371, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF, DFC) - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Eden Hills, SA, 1939-1943); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1968) 
* [[/Victor George Wheeler|Wheeler, Victor George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4Z-FGL] - 1897(Eng)-1976(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; coastal wireless operator; WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electric mechanic (Roebourne, 1917-1922); manager (Fremantle, 1925)

===''WHITAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Thomas Whitaker|Whitaker, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKKW-5DB] - 1895(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2OI Receive Sydney (Banksia, 1923); 2OI Sydney (Banksia, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockdale, 1930; Banksia, 1933-1934); builder (Banksia, 1937-1949); instructor (Mount Colah, 1954-1958)
===''WHITBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Roy Whitburn|Whitburn, Douglas Roy &quot;Doug&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-3JX] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5BY Adelaide (Toorak, 1927-1931; Fullarton, 1933-1939; Rosefield, 1946-1947; Fullarton, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 312, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosefield, 1943)
* [[/Robert Philip Whitburn|Whitburn, Robert Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBF-5XB] - 1896(NSW)-1991(NSW)94yo - Licences: XACJ Sydney (Leichhardt, 1913-1914); 2DK Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922); 2DK Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chairmaker (Leichhardt, 1930-1968); retired (West Ryde, 1972-1980)
===''WHITE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Matthews White|White, Alfred Matthews]] - 1894(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Receive Winton (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tranby, Winton, 1915-1958); retired (Buderim, Qld, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles Robert White|White, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-S5H] - 1911(SA)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 5MX Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 802, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edwin Harold White|White, Edwin Harold &quot;Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-QGH] - 1911(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1933-1939); 4EW Mackay (1946-1950); 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1954-1956); 5OW &amp; 8OW Darwin (1956-1963); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1963-1965); 4OW Mt Isa (1969); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1141, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 250, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, Fortress Signals); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Red Hill, 1934-1936); radio technician (Longreach, 1937); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1943; Mackay, 1949); communications officer (Archerfield, 1954); public servant (Red Hill, 1963; Mt Isa, 1968; Red Hill, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank Philip White|White, Frank Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSJ-9NF] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 189, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank Roy White|White, Frank Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4P-LVT] - 1911(NSW)-1994(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 5, 1934; 1COCP 12, 1934 - beam wireless operator (AWA); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Ryde, 1933-1935); telegraphist (Roseville, 1936-1937; Ryde, 1943-1968)

===''WHITELAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Roy Whitelaw|Whitelaw, Charles Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99WD-7NY] - 1891(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: XMO Melbourne (Rosedale, 1913-1914); 3BH Melbourne (Mooroolbark, 1923-1925); 3BH Stawell (1925); 3BH Benalla (1925-1927); 3BH Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931); 3BH Woomelang (1933); 3BH Melbourne (Mornington 1937-1939); 3BH (Harrisfield, 1946-1947; Dandenong, 1948; Noble Park, 1954-1955; Boronia, 1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 87, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; fire brigade and railway stationmaster; WW1 (AFC, Wireless Operator, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Creswick, 1914); assistant stationmaster (Ravenswood, 1919); stationmaster (Mooroolbark, 1922-1924); railway employee (Timboon, 1925); stationmaster (Benalla, 1925-1927; Mitcham, 1931; Euroa, 1942; Harrisfield, 1949-1954)
===''WHITING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Ambrose Whiting|Whiting, Reginald Ambrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR6-XDQ] - 1911(SA)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Torrensville, 1932-1933); 3MZ Melbourne (East Preston, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 988, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (South Yarra, Vic, 1934; Essendon, Vic, 1937); fitter &amp; turner (Preston, Vic, 1942-1968); fitter (Preston, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''WHITLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gough Whitlam|Whitlam, Edward Gough &quot;Gough&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VH-8BJ] - 1916(Vic)-2014(NSW) - Prime Minister (1972-1975), WW2 (RAAF, Flight Lieutenant, navigator &amp; bomb aimer, 1942-1945) - Electoral Rolls: student (Glebe, 1943); barrister (Cronulla, 1949; Cabramatta, 1958-1963; Red Hill, 1977; Double Bay, 1980) - executive oversight of the introduction of community radio in Australia - Links: [[w:Gough Whitlam|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Lewis Alfred John Whitlam|Whitlam, Lewis Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYY1-BBB] - 1904(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer's assistant (Brisbane City, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1943-1968); engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. Wicks|Wicks, C.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQK Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WILDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril George Wildman|Wildman, Cyril George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMG3-GNP] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1931; Moreland, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; East Brunswick, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 624, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 422, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Melbourne, 1927; Fitzroy North, 1931; Coburg, 1934-1942); electrical engineer (Brunswick East, 1977-1980)

===''WILKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Winstanley Wilkin|Wilkin, John Winstanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LX-1P7] - 1891(NZ)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5JW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1928; Osmond, 1931; Glen Osmond, 1933; North Walkerville, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; likely qualified in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Toorak, SA, 1939-1943)

===''WILKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wilkins|Wilkins, Arthur]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AW Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1927; East St Kilda, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 375, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous Arthur Wilkins, specific to be identified

===''WILKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Angus Wilkinson|Wilkinson, Dudley Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR41-Q53] - 1919(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5WD Adelaide (Frewville, 1935-1939; College Park, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1455, 1935, SA; BOCP 182, 1938; 1COCP 284, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hawthorn, SA, 1941; Ballarat, Vic, 1942)

===''WILLIAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Williams|Williams, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1930-1931); 5BO Adelaide (Ottaway, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 659, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AEWs in SA
* [[/Alex Elisha Williams|Williams, Alex Elisha]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JC-RN9] - 1913(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3KT Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1062, 1932, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Elsternwick, 1936-1937; Camberwell, 1943-1949; Highfield Park, 1954); school teacher (Frankston, 1967-1968); teacher (Frankston, 1972-1980)
* [[/Alfred Keith Williams|Williams, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-3SS] - 1905(WA)-1932(WA) - Licences: 6AW Collie (1929-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 502, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture S. operator (Collie, 1930) 
* [[/Ernest Arthur Williams|Williams, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKNS-QYG] - 1888(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2QY Receive Wollongong (1923); 2QY Wollongong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Wollongong, 1913, 1930-1958); retired (Wollongong, 1968)
* [[/Harold Parkyn Williams|Williams, Harold Parkyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7CW-DGX] - 1881(Qld)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - first general manager of ABC - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/williams-harold-parkyn-9112 ADB]
* [[/J. E. Williams|Williams, J. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DQ Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: many contemporaneous JEWs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Henry Williams|Williams, John Henry Jnr &quot;Johnny&quot; &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP3D-8NG] - 1880(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Mackay (1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 507, 1929, No ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: iron monger? (Mackay, 1925-1943) - established commercial broadcaster 4MK Mackay 1931
* [[/Leslie Samuel Barnes Williams|Williams, Leslie Samuel Barnes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-X56] - 1896(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4LS Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1930-1933); 4LS Toogoolawah (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 630, 1930, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: naval signalman (Cape Moreton, 1917-1922); saddler (Indooroopilly, 1925-1931); boot repairer (Toogoolawah, 1934-1958); retired (Taringa, 1963-1972) 
* [[/Neville Williams|Williams, Neville]] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199701.pdf EA]

===''WILLIAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Joseph Augustine Williamson|Williamson, Cecil Joseph Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K879-9HC] - 1925(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2CW Yass (1929-1931); 2ALS Yass (1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 525, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Yass, 1930-1949); farmer (Trundle, 1949); mechanic (Orange, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frederick Lerpiniere Williamson|Williamson, Frederick Lerpiniere]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6L-GCH] - 1896(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5AH Receive Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922); 5AH Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922-1927; Collinswood, 1928, 1948-1955); also dealer licence 5BT Adelaide 1925-1926 for Kauper, Austin &amp; Williamson - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 22, 1924, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 284, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Hubert Gordon Williamson|Williamson, Hubert Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7J-YQP] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3GW Rainbow (1927-1939, 1946-1960), 3GW Lalor (1965-1969), 3GW Melbourne (East Doncaster, 1975-1980), 3GH Rainbow (1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 342, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), (1COCP 593, 1942), amateur broadcaster
* Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian - See Marjorie Lilian Hutchings
===''WILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Oliver Willis|Willis, Harold Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-NLZ] - 1898(Vic)-1976(WA) - Licences: 6OW Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1931); 6AM Perth (South Fremantle, 1933); 6HW Perth (South Fremantle, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 675, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: baker (South Fremantle, 1925-1968)

===''WILLMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert Willmott|Willmott or Wilmot, Thomas Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD6-TB4] - 1886(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Receive South Grafton (1922); 2ZO South Grafton (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 48, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Grafton South, 1930-1943)
===''WILLOUGHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lancelot Willoughby|Willoughby, Eric Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR88-Q5X] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BM Adelaide (Penrhyn, 1932-1939); 5GO Adelaide (Unley, 1948); 3FB Noojee (1954-1956); 3FB Neerim Junction (1960); 4EW Booval (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1035, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Penrhyn, SA, 1939-1943); farmer (Noojee, Vic, 1949-1954); PMG Linesman (Booval, Qld, 1963-1968); PMG (Booval, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WILSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Wilson|Wilson, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DL Receive Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Darius Joseph Wilson|Wilson, Darius Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZR-GJ4] - 1901(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DW Sydney (Leichhardt, 1929-1931; Lidcombe, 1933; Five Dock, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Warwick Farm, 1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 548, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: french polisher (Leichhardt, 1930; Five Dock, 1943-1949); no occupation (Five Dock, 1954); french polisher (Yagoona, 1954-1968); polisher (Yagoona, 1972-1977)
* [[/Horace Benjamin Wilson|Wilson, Horace Benjamin &quot;Ben&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-71R] - 1911(WA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5WB Adelaide (Wayville, 1930-1937; Unley Park, 1938-1939); 2BP Sydney (McMahons Point, 1946-1948; West Ryde, 1950-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 586, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 161, 1934; 2COCP 33, 1935; 1COCP 72, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Unley Park, 1939); recording engineer (McMahons Point, 1949); business manager (West Ryde, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Gratton Wilson|Wilson, Leonard Gratton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQN8-3K6] - 1901(NSW)-1990(WA) - Licences: 6LG Perth (Inglewood, 1928; South Perth, 1930-1931; Como, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 429, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: vigneron (Caversham, 1925); police constable (South Perth, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); constable (Albany, 1943-1949); police constable (Como, 1954-1958)
* [[/Leslie Maclean Wilson|Wilson, Leslie Maclean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRH5-9TL] - 1893(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2LM  Marsden (1924-1926), 2LM Sydney (Cremorne, 1927), 2LM Mudgee (1928-1939), 2LM Port Macquarie (1960-1969+), amateur operator (AOCP 33, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, pastoralist
* [[/Perry Allen Wilson|Wilson, Perry Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AT Receive Eumundi (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motordriver (Eumundi, Qld, 1925-1934); garage proprietor (Eumundi, Qld, 1936-1943)
* [[/Victor John Wilson|Wilson, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-NPY] - 1909(Qld)-2009(Qld)99yo - Licences: Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923); 4VW Brisbane (Newstead, 1937-1939); 4VW Nambour (1960); 4VW Brisbane (Everton Park, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1100, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Newstead, Qld, 1931-1937; Nambour, Qld, 1958; Everton Park, Qld, 1963-1980) 
* [[/Warne Alfred George Wilson|Wilson, Warne Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKLN-Y39] - 1900(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3RY Receive Ballarat (1923); 3RY Ballarat (1924-1925); 3WA Ballarat (1928-1939, 1946-1960); 3KV Ballarat (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 444, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 20, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1924); radio engineer (Ballarat, 1927-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Elvyn Wilson|Wilson, Wilfred Elvyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-MB4] - 1880(Eng)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JI Receive Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1923); 2JI Sydney (Roseville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Roseville, 1930-1963)

===''WING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James John Wing|Wing, William James John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDHH-WKW] - 1887(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 188, 1916; 2COCP 142, 1930; 1COCP 212, 1931 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (CPO, 1917-1918); AWA - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hotel Metropole, Thursday Island, Qld, 1914); wireless engineer operator (Radio Station, Applecross, WA, 1917); radiotelegraphist (Cooktown, 1921); business manager (Epping, 1930); sales manager (Epping, 1933-1936; Roseville, 1937; Chatswood, 1943-1949); manager (Melbourne, 1954)
===''WINTERFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton Winterford|Winterford, Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3ML-FJH] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Canada?) - Licences: 4MF Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1931); 4MF Southport (1933); 4MF Sarina (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 363, 1927, No. 40 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Annerley, 1931); mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); electrician (Sarina, 1943); electrical contractor (Broadbeach, 1949)

===''WISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Wise|Wise, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDS-D87] - 1853(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - politician (Postmaster-General, 1920-1921) - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Sale, 1905-1949) - Links: [[w:George Wise (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
===''WISEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Cleave Wiseman|Wiseman, William James Cleave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2M-ZP8] - 1906(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5WJ Port Lincoln (1931-1939); 5WJ Ceduna (1947-1948); 5WJ Adelaide (Parafield, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 759, 1931, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 485, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Port Lincoln, SA, 1939-1941); aeradio operator (Ceduna, SA, 1943)

===''WISHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Turner Wishart|Wishart, William Turner &quot;Bill, Billy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ3-J9S] - 1900(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4WT Brisbane (Graceville, 1931-1939); 6TW Perth (Claremont/Floreat Park, 1946-1948); 4WX Brisbane (St Lucia, 1965-1969; Margate 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 870, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, federal councillor) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Red Hill, Qld, 1921); optical mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1925; Graceville, Qld, 1928-1937); audiometrist (Floreat Park, WA, 1949; Darlington, WA, 1949); retired (Wynnum North, Qld, 1972; Margate, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''WITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Herbert Witt|Witt, Sidney Herbert &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-BDV] - 1892(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3MZ Receive Melbourne (Camberwell, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1914-1916); electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1922); engineer (Brighton, 1925-1943; Glen Iris, 1958-1968; Burwood, 1972)) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/witt-sidney-herbert-12059 ADB]

===''WOLFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hamilton Bennett Wolfe|Wolfe, Hamilton Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H2-8K6] - 1886(Vic)-1956(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 193, 1916; 2COCP 242, 1930; 1COCP 213, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bairnsdale, Vic, 1908-1912); wireless telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925-1926); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1936-1949); retired (Nedlands, WA, 1954)

===''WOLFENDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Wolfenden|Wolfenden, Peter]] - 3ZPA Strathmore (1965) - amateur operator, historian (amateur, amateur broadcasting), journalist (WIA's &quot;Amateur Radio&quot;)

===''WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Wood|Wood, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M8-2V1] - 1909(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RQ Ipswich (1927-1931); 4PW Ipswich (1933-1939); 2EPW Banora Point - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 359, 1927, No. 39 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN, AR); engineer (IREE) - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Ipswich, 1931); radio dealer (Ipswich, 1937-1949; East Ipswich, 1954-1968); electrical dealer (Banora Point, 1977-1980)
===''WOODLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Woodley|Woodley, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-CYY] - 1909(???)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6BY Perth (West Leederville, 1930-1931); 6DJ Perth (Carlisle, 1946-1948; Victoria Park, 1954-1956; Maniana, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 680, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Claremont, 1936-1937); mechanic (Victoria Park, 1943); radio mechanic (Carlisle, 1949; Victoria Park, 1954; Maniana, 1963-1980) - Callsign possibly withdrawn for commercial

===''WOOKEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Bruce Wookey|Wookey, Robert Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DP1-GVW] - 1907(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Receive Geelong (1923-1924), 3RW Geelong (1925-1927), 3IC Geelong (1948-1974), amateur operator (AOCP 146, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk

===''WOOLACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Prosser Woolacott|Woolacott, Francis Prosser &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFL-94T] - 1903(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2ST Receive Sydney (Drummoyne, 1923-1924), 2FW Sydney (Drummoyne, 1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 119, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WOOLLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edgar Woollett|Woollett, David Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-HDP] - 1920(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2ZDE Sydney (Beverley Hills, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 202, 1956; AOCP 4292, 1965, NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone technician (Beverley Hills, 1949-1972; Narwee, 1977-1980)
* [[/N. Woollett|Woollett, N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Mosman, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 276, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ?
===''WOOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Ronald Woolley|Woolley, Leon Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L214-JQH] - 1898(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4FW Ipswich (1931); 4FW Townsville (1933); 4FW Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 751, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, ATC); employment (school teacher) - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Bell, Qld, 1919-1921; Newtown, Qld, 1925; Kia Ora, Townsville, 1931; Newtown, Qld 1934-1963)

===''WOOLNOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Stephen Woolnough|Woolnough, Archibald Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CG-9PK] - 1909(Vic)-2004(Vic) - Licences: 3BW Portarlington (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 519, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: business proprietor (Portarlington, 1931-1980) 
* [[/Walter Lyell Woolnough|Woolnough, Walter Lyell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CJF-LS3] - 1906(NSW)-1999(NSW) - 2GW Sydney (Killara, 1925-1927; Gordon, 1928-1930; Greenwich, 1931; Gordon, 1933-1936), 2GW Lithgow (1937-1939), Sydney (Gordon, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 153, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, licence held by father Walter George Woolnough till 1933, engineer

===''WOOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Meredith Wooster|Wooster, Horace Meredith &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Q-CGW] - 1909(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4VH Townsville (City, 1930-1939; Belgian Gardens, 1946-1948); 4VH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 623, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (Qld Railways, telegraphist; Qld Main Roads Dept); military (Army signals officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1931-1932; Norman Park, 1937; Townsville, 1943-1949; Yeronga, 1954-1980)

===''WORRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Albert Worrall|Worrall, Leonard Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTL5-L1L] - 1912(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 2XM Sydney (Parramatta, 1933-1934; Punchbowl, 1935-1936); 4XM Cairns (1937-1939); 4WL Brisbane (Stafford Heights, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1221, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Punchbowl, NSW, 1934-1936; Cairns, Qld, 1937); bank clerk (Wynnum, Qld, 1943); clerk (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954-1963); bank manager (Tarragindi, Qld, 1968); manager (Stafford Heights, Qld, 1972-1977)
===''WORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Worth|Worth, Sydney or Sidney Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBH-5Z3] - 1905(WA)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6SW Perth (Rivervale, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 958, 1927; 2COCP 223, 1930; 1COCP 226, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rivervale, WA, 1931); wireless operator (Nedlands, WA, 1936-1958)

===''WRAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward James Crawford Wraith|Wraith, Edward James Crawford &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KV2C-11D] - 1862(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Early wireless experimenter

===''WRATTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn James Wratten|Wratten, Mervyn James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-DV8] - 1918(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4MW Ipswich (Brassall, 1937-1939; North Ipswich, 1946-1947; Brassall, 1948-1980+); 4LX Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1956-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1932, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Ipswich ARC); military (WW2, CMF, AIF); employment (Cribb &amp; Foote, manager, radio section); business proprietor (Avon Theatre) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Brassall, Qld, 1943-1977; North Ipswich, Qld, 1980)

===''WRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Milroy Percy Wray|Wray, Ronald Milroy Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-QYM] - 1909(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2WX Sydney (Hurstville, 1929-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 472, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified
===''WREFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roger Norman Wreford|Wreford, Roger Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-N2X] - 1909(WA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 2ADC Broken Hill (1936-1937); 5RW Adelaide (Blackwood, 1938-1939; Mitcham, 1947-1954; South Brighton, 1955-1960; Crafers, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1714, 1936, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5DW-6IW Arthur Franklin Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Broken Hill, NSW, 1935-1936; Blackwood, SA, 1939; Mitcham, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Arthur Franklin Wreford|Wreford, Arthur Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3V1-92S] - 1898(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5DW Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1937-1939; Cumberland, 1947-1954); 6IW Perth (Armadale, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2037, 1937, SA; 2COCP 452, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Brother of 2ADC-5RW Roger Norman Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Kensington Gardens, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941; Cumberland, SA, 1943); civil servant (Gosnells, WA, 1954); technician (Armadale, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au/browse/person/133040 NAA]

===''WRIEDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Sjoberg Albert Wriede|Wriede, George Sjoberg Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKG2-VK8] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4DJ Receive Caboolture (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Cooroy, 1921; Miriam Vale, 1925-1958); retired (Gladstone, 1963)
===''WRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Wright|Wright, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SS Receive Scarborough (1923); 2SS Scarborough (1924-1925); 2SS Coledale (1926-1933); 2SS Coolah (1933); 2SE Scarborough (1935-1936); 2SE Louth/Bourke (1937-1938); 2SE Walgett (1939); 2SE Willow Tree (1946); 2SE Stanmore (1947-1950); 2SE Sydney (Guildford, 1954-1961); 2SE Quirindi (1965) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 118, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous Albert Edward Wrights in NSW, needs specific data to identify - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/A. W. H. Wright|Wright, A. W. H. &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 5BW Adelaide, 3AAW, 4TU Garbutt (-1950+, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Collis Page Wright|Wright, Collis Page]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1P-P9L] - 1912(Tas)-2004(Tas) - Licences: 7LZ Launceston (1933-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1099, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Launceston, 1936-1937); salesman (Launceston, 1943); draper (Launceston, 1949-1968)
* [[/Eric John Wright|Wright, Eric John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-P2G] - 1904(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Brisbane (Annerley, 1936-1939; Windsor, 1947; Buranda, 1948; Annerley, 1954; Buranda, 1955-1956; Ekibin, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1816, 1936, Qld; 3COCP 1471, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Annerley, Qld, 1937-1943; Annerley, Qld, 1949); waterside worker (Ekibin, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Frederick Harold Wright|Wright, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF95-LW1] - 1910(Eng)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6FR Perth (Buckland Hill, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, 1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1809, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Buckland Hill, WA, 1936; Mosman Park, WA, 1943-1963) 
* [[/William Henry Hilsdon Wright|Wright, William Henry Hilsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVF-RKL] - 1905(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4FA Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Murrays Creek, 1930; Ballandean, 1937-1949); teacher (Toowoomba, 1954-1963)

===''WYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Agar Wynne|Wynne, Agar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-6CN] - 1850(Eng)-1934(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1913-1914)
* [[/Alfred Percy Wynne|Wynne, Alfred Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L858-Q52] - 1885(Qld)-1966(Qld) - proprietor music business (Wynne's Music, Maryborough), proprietor broadcasting station (4MB Maryborough) - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Paddington, 1908; Mooloolah, 1909); commercial traveller (Mooloolah, 1912); piano tuner (Maryborough, 1913); salesman (Brisbane, 1916-1917; Mooloolah, 1919; Maryborough, 1919-1925); music store proprietor (Maryborough, 1928-1949); business manager (Maryborough, 1963)

=='''X'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;

=='''Y'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''YATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Gordon Yates|Yates, Kenneth Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-CJ3] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (Cottonville, 1939, 1947-1954; Westbourne Park, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2371, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Cottonville, SA, 1939-1943) 
* [[/Reginald Colin Yates|Yates, Reginald Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-QX6] - 1914(SA)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 5RY Wyalla (1935-1937); 2AGZ Wollongong (1938-1939, 1947); 2AGZ Sydney (Mosman, 1948-1950); 2AGZ Broken Hill (1954-1957); 2AGZ Newcastle (Hamilton, 1958-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1474, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1943); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949); engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1954); chartered electrical engineer (Merewether, NSW, 1958); professional engineer (Charlestown, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''YEATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Melville Yeates|Yeates, Henry Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G698-PXG] - 1912(Tas)-1980(???) - Licences: 7HY Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1621, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical contractor (Launceston, 1949-1954); salesman (Mosman, NSW, 1958-1977)

===''YORSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Sutherland Yorston|Yorston, Ernest Sutherland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY8-46D] - 1909(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3ES Melbourne (Caulfield, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 299, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1931-1937); sales (Caulfield, 1942; Elsternwick, 1949); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1954-1963); director (Oakleigh, 1967-1968)
===''YOUNG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Harold Young|Young, Ivan Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L118-BVF] - 1910(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4YG Brisbane (Albion) (1930-1939); 4YH Brisbane (Mitchelton) (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 708, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 315, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio technician (Mission Control Station, Thursday Island) - Electoral Rolls: nil (Albion, 1931-1937); public servant (Newmarket, 1943; Mitchelton, 1949-1980)
* [[/James Wolstenholme Young|Young, James Wolstenholme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TQ-Z2R] - 1909(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2JY Sydney (Turramurra, 1925-1934; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2JY Katoomba (1946); 2JY Sydney (Mona Vale, 1947-1948; Willoughby, 1950-1961; Middle Cove, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 189, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: articled clerk (Turramurra, 1932-1934), solicitor (Roseville, 1937; Katoomba, 1943; Willoughby, 1954-1977)
* [[/John William Young|Young, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6RN-2XX] - 1906(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4JY Brisbane (Rosalie, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Rosalie, 1938; Coorparoo, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 752, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Rosalie, 1931); clerk (Sandgate, 1936); storeman (Rosalie, 1937; Coorparoo, 1943-1963); commercial traveller (Coorparoo, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Anderson Young|Young, William Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89P-B3K] - 1897(Sct)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (West End, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 330, 1927, No. 34 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boot employee (West End, 1925-1937); bootmaker (Ashgrove, 1943-1954)

=='''Z'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ZECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Zech|Zech, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-YJG] - 1893(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XABQ Sydney (Annandale, 1912-1914), 2DL Sydney (Annandale, 1922, Receive), 2WZ Sydney (Annandale, 1925-1927; Ashfield, 1928-1930; Stanmore, 1933-1934), 2ACP Sydney (Enmore, 1937; Como, 1938), 2ACP Katoomba 1939 &amp; 1946-1975) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 424; no record of AOCP - early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>c6cgv5jlzkff6pgpmyyx98j94srirkr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088370</id>
      <parentid>4088368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T21:03:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Samuel.dellit</username>
        <id>1387936</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* EDWARDS */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1267580" xml:space="preserve">{{incomplete}}
{{WikipediaCredit}}

{{CompactTOC8|side=yes}}

Thumbnail Radio Biographies sorted alphabetically by surname

'''Many of the stars of Australia's Radio Universe'''

'''Covering the full gamut from hypergiants to brown dwarfs'''

'''Each lit the way forward to broadcasting in Australia'''

=='''A'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ABBISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Frederick Abbiss|Abbiss, John Edwin Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZJ-6H9] - 1907(Eng)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Balmoral, 1930; Morningside, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 581, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Evans Deakin shipyards) - Halcyon: p. 83, Abiss - Electoral Rolls: engineering draftsman (Morningside, 1936); draftsman (Coorparoo, 1937; Morningside, 1949-1977) 
===''ABBOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Nicholson Abbott|Abbott, Reginald Nicholson or Nicolson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FTG] - 1897(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3VR Melbourne (Alphington, 1923-1927); 3ABB Melbourne (Caulfield, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 273, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Alphinton, 1925-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949); technician (Caulfield, 1954-1977)
* [[/Roy Edgar Abbott|Abbott, Roy Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6MT-CZX] - 1902(NSW)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 2YK Dorrigo (1930-1931); 2YK Telegraph Point (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 668, 1921; AOCP, not yet identified; 2COCP 179, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Dorrigo, 1930; Telegraph Point, 1933-1937; Mittagong, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Thomas Kingsmill Abbott|Abbott, Thomas Kingsmill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHFH-4FH] - 1891(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 2TK Wingen (1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely military) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Graziers' Assoc NSW) - Comment: beware other contemporaneous TK Abbotts - Electoral Rolls: overseer (Muralla, 1913); grazier (Wollongong, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/209607 Obit]
===''ABRAHAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Abrahams|Abrahams, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G836-Y6P] - 1903(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3FA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6089, 1966 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (St Kilda, 1925-1931); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1935-1936; Malvern, 1943-1967; Toorak, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of Louis Henry Abrahams
* [[/Louis Henry Abrahams|Abrahams, Louis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GJ-GZP] - 1889(Vic)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1; director (Victorian Radio Interests Ltd); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: potter (Brunswick, 1909); tobacconist (South Yarra, 1912-1921); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1924-1926); burner (Brunswick, 1937-1942) - Relationships: brother of 3FA Frank Abrahams

===''ACKERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Adam Ackerman|Ackerman, Joseph Adam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZV-49L] - 1911(NSW)-1993(Qld) - Licences: 2ALG Sydney (Carlton, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2ALG Wentworthville (1950); 2ALG Sydney (Parramatta, 1954-1958; North Rocks, 1960-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2229, 1938, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Paddington, 1932; Annandale, 1933-1936; Kogarah, 1937-1943; Carlton, 1949); clerk (Parramatta, 1954-1958); senior supervisor (Wentworthville, 1963; Epping, 1968-1972); retired (Sans Souci, 1977; Hurstville, 1980)
===''ACKLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Daniel Ackling|Ackling, Harold Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD5F-8RK] - 1892(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2PX Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 612, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Randwick, 1913); machinist (Bankstown, 1930-1980)
===''ACKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Frederick Gloucester Ackland|Ackland, Stanley Frederick Gloucester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5PB-C2Y] - 1904(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Prospect, 1923); 5SF Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1931; Linden Park, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 21, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Burnside, 1939-1943)

===''ADAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Adams|Adams, Frank John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-29V] - 1880(Eng)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3XO Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3XO Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 155, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; manager - Electoral Rolls: motor garage proprietor (Brighton, 1913); garage proprietor (Elsternwick, 1919-1921; Brighton, 1922-1924); manager (Brighton, 1925-1954); nil (Brighton, 1963-1968)
* [[/Peter Harry Arthur Adams|Adams, Peter Harry Arthur &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3N-XMC] - 1909(NSW)-1984(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Sydney (Cremorne, 1923-1924); 2JX Sydney (Cremorne, 1927; Manly, 1929; Cremorne, 1930; Gordon, 1931; Woolahra, 1933; Epping, 1933; Cremorne, 1935-1936; Thornleigh, 1937; Waverton, 1938-1939; Denistone, 1946-1947; Avalon Beach, 1948-1950); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1954-1961); 2JX Sydney (Pymble, 1965-1969); 2JX Nambucca Heads (1975); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 380, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933); labourer (Epping, 1934); engineer (St Kilda, 1934); radio engineer (Thornleigh, 1937; Darlinghurst, 1943); engineer (Avalon Beach, 1949; Wentworth Falls, 1958); retired (Valla Beach, 1972-1977; Wentworth Falls, 1980)
===''ADAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Kenneth Adamson|Adamson, William Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MLXZ-HX5] - 1905(SA)-1982(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923-1924); 5WA Adelaide (Parkside, 1925-1927; Fullarton, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 135, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''AGNEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Gordon Carlisle Agnew|Agnew, Robert Gordon Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDKK-D8Y] - 1904(WA)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6RA Perth (Nedlands, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 721, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (North Perth, WA, 1925; Nedlands, WA, 1931-1972)

===''AKEROYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gordon Akeroyd|Akeroyd, Arthur Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F2-JXL] - 1890(Vic)-1948(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Meteorologist, Forecasting and Statistical Division, Victoria) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1915); meteorologist (Northcote, 1921-1937); civil servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/akeroyd-arthur-gordon-9321 ADB]

===''ALDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Oscar Edward Alder|Alder, Oscar Edward &quot;Ock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ2-D3P] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4JB Brisbane (Albion, 1928-1939, 1946-1948; Chermside, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 423, 1928, No. 47 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wool classer - Halcyon: p. 28, 84, 137 - Electoral Rolls: student (Albion, 1919); wool classer (Albion, 1925-1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); warehouse assistant (Chermside, 1949-1980)
===''ALDERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Zerbini Alderman|Alderman, Valentine Zerbini]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVL-F8N] - 1893(SA)-1919(SA) - Licences: XVC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALEXANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Talbot Meredith Alexander|Alexander, Talbot Meredith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1FJ-MZN] - 1888(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4TM Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1931-1933); 4TM Townsville (North Ward, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 315, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kew, Vic, 1912-1914); wireless instructor (Melbourne City, 1925-1926); superintendent wireless (Glenferrie, Vic, 1926-1927); sales representative (City, Brisbane, 1928); business manager (North Ward, Qld, 1936-1937); instructor (Paddington, Qld, 1943); commercial traveller (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949; New Farm, 1954-1958); retired (Moorooka, 1968-1977)

===''ALLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus John Allan|Allan, Angus John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2C-YWF] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5UL Adelaide (Ovingham, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2013, 1937, SA; 1COCP 458, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ovingham, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/John Allan|Allan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-PFG] - 1905(Sct)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Chermside, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1938, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous JAs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Mason Allard|Allard, George Mason]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HT-JMV] - 1866(Eng)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman of Directors (AWA); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Honours: knighted; K.B. - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Wahroonga, 1930-1937); accountant (Wahroonga, 1943-1949) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allard-sir-george-mason-4999 ADB]

===''ALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Allen|Allen, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69B-SGR] - 1902(Tas)-1969(Tas) - Licences: 7PA Hobart (New Town, 1933-1937; Moonah, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1171, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 7AL Thomas Arthur Allen - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (New Town, 1928-1936; Moonah, 1937-1954)
* [[/George Alexander Allen|Allen, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3H-DJK] - 1891(Sct)-1965(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 49, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Kenneth Douglas Allen|Allen, Kenneth Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N5-19J] - 1907(WA)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 2GX Sydney (West Ryde, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 648, 1930, NSW; 3COCP 4263, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Army, Royal Australian Engineers, Lieutenant, 1940) - Education: BSc (Syd Uni, 1933) - Electoral Rolls: student (West Ryde, 1930-1935); director (Woolwich, 1936-1937); soldier (Woolwich, 1943); engineer (Woolwich, 1963-1972; Hunters Hill, 1977; Gladesville, 1980)
* [[/Robert Kelvin Allen|Allen, Robert Kelvin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTK-TH9] - 1916(Qld)-1942(Indonesia) - Licences: 4PR Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1634, 1936, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 13 Squadron, Pilot Officer), (Halcyon, p. 177) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/allen-robert-kelvin-404945/]
* [[/Thomas Arthur Allen|Allen, Thomas Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SQ-9YN] - 1916(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7AL Hobart (New Town, 1936-1939, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne,1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1738, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 7PA Albert Edward Allen - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1943-1954); director (Lindisfarne, 1963-1972)
===''ALLINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Thirlmier John Allinson|Allinson, Lancelot Thirlmier John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L81B-F4P] - 1896(NSW)-1961(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 804, 1924 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radiotelegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Broome, WA, 1931; Como, WA, 1931; South Perth, WA, 1936-1943; Broome, WA, 1949-1954); telegraphist (Esperance, WA, 1958)
===''ALLSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Cottam Allsop|Allsop, Raymond Cottam &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJLT-SNJ] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XCA Sydney (Randwick, 1911-1914); 2YG Sydney (Randwick, 1924; Coogee 1924-1929; Roseville, 1930); 2AYG Sydney (Roseville, 1946-1947+); 2NA Sydney (Roseville, 1961); 2BL Sydney (Roseville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW); broadcaster (2BL, chief engineer); journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1920s); military (RAN Volunteer Reserve, Lieutenant; WW2 (RAN, Engineer Lieutenant); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 (obo Broadcasters Sydney Ltd; federal public servant (ABCB, member, 1953-1954) - Honours: Coronation Medal, 1937; OBE, 1971 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1930); engineer (Roseville, 1933; Gordon, 1937; Roseville, 1943); electronic engineer (Roseville, 1949); director (South Yarra, 1954); engineer (Roseville, 1958-1968) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allsop-raymond-cottam-ray-9344 ADB]; [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199001.pdf EA]
===''ALSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Russell Alsop|Alsop, John Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB3-WXQ] - 1906(Vic)-1973(Vic) - 3MI Melbourne (Kew, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 76, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''AMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Edgar Ames|Ames, Clement Edgar &quot;Clem&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDX-JF8] - 1889(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: XVG Adelaide (Torrensville, 1913-1914); 5AV Adelaide (Kent Town, 1923; Hindmarsh, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator 5WI (1925) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Allenby Gardens, 1939-43)

===''ANCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Leslie Finion Ancher|Ancher, Norman Leslie Finion or Tinian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-MCQ] - 1910(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 5NA Adelaide (Mile End, 1937-1939); 2NH Sydney (Lindfield, 1946-1947; Mosman, 1948-1954; Cremorne, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2057, 1937, SA; BOCP 476, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Chatswood, NSW, 1934); sound engineer (West Maitland, NSW, 1936); engineer (Mile End, SA, 1939; Rose Park, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949; Cremorne, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Cremorne, NSW, 1972); technical officer (Lane Cove, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''ANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Ronald Anderson|Anderson, Alexander Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-L6J] - 1914(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5GM Adelaide (Eastwood, 1936-1939, 1947; Payneham South, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1700, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Eastwood, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Andrew Oswald Anderson|Anderson, Andrew Oswald &quot;Oswald&quot;, &quot;Andy&quot;, &quot;A.O.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-Z8L] - 1885(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Mosman, 1913); manager (Rose Bay, 1930; Vaucluse, 1934-1935) - Links: [https://ozvta.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/anderson-oswald-1062017.pdf Bio]
* [[/Eric William Alfred Anderson|Anderson, Eric William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WX-744] - 1908(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3KH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1928-1931; Glen Iris, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 424, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); engineer (Camberwell, 1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1968; Burwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frederic Brian Anderson|Anderson, Frederic Brian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YN-TYJ] - 1918(Eng)-2008(SA)90yo - Licences: 5FA Tanunda (1934-1939); 5FA Waikerie (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1351, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tanunda, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/G. R. Anderson|Anderson, G. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Gilberton, 1923); 5GA Adelaide (Highgate, 1931-1933; Myrtle Bank, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Francis Anderson|Anderson, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JJ-WFL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JA Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3JA Nullawarre (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 661, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Warrnambool, 1936; Nullawarre, 1937-1980)- Comment: Several contemporaneous JFAs
* [[/Keith Sydney Anderson|Anderson, Keith Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-8J9] - 1911(WA)-1944(Vic) - Licences: 6KS Perth (North Perth, 1935); 6KS Mt Magnet (1937); 6KS Perth (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1487, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, 2nd/1st Infantry Battalion, Private) - Electoral rolls: bank officer (Mt Magnet, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/618137 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1691738 Roll of Honour]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10295040 AWM]
* [[/Maurice Bernard Anderson|Anderson, Maurice Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC3V-WL9] - 1908(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1923-1924); 5MA Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1925-1928); 3AMA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 103, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; fitter - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, Qld, 1931-1937)
* [[/Percy James Anderson|Anderson, Percy James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WN-6Y7] - 1908(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PA Melbourne (Westgarth, 1928-1933; West Preston, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PA Dooen (1965-1969); 3PA Geelong (Wallington, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 428, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Westgarth, 1934); engineer (Preston, 1936-1963); technician (Horsham, 1967-1968); retired (Wallington, 1972-1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3JR Christopher James Rainbow
* [[/Robert Arthur Crosbie Anderson|Anderson, Robert Arthur Crosbie &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VK-GZN] - 1908(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3WY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 691, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Camberwell, 1931-1949; Glen Iris, 1954-1967; Burwood, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''ANEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Anear|Anear, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XLK-9D6] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5LK Carrow (1929-1931); 9WZ Momote, Admiralty Islands (1954); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1955); 3AGF Melbourne (Laverton, 1960); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 556, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as Francis George Anear

===''ANGEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Benjamin Angel|Angel, Henry Benjamin &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWW-K4Y] - 1891(Eng)-1998(Qld, 106yo) - Licences: 4HA Brisbane (St Lucia, 1935-1939; Enoggera, 1946-1969; Lota, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1503, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW1, AIF Signals; WW2, AMF, Navy); business proprietor (radio service) - QSLs: Entire collection held by SLQ - Halcyon: p. 51, 60, 81, 163 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919; Toowong, Qld, 1919-1925); carrier (St Lucia, Qld, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Lota, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''ANSCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Arthur Anscombe|Anscombe, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TL-7LR] - 1888(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: turner &amp; fitter (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1913; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1914); mechanic (Albert Park, Vic, 1919); manager (Box Hill, Vic, 1927-1943)

===''ANTHONY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Henry Anthony|Anthony, Michael Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK3H-6B7] - 1894(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); telegraphist (Prahran, 1921-1924); clerk (Oakleigh, 1934); railway employee (Sandringham, Vic, 1936-1942); telegraphist (Sandringham, 1954-1963)
* [[/Reginald Major Anthony|Anthony, Reginald Major &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYN-YWG] - 1908(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5CM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1937; Medindie Gardens, 1938-1939; Prospect, 1946-1960; Somerton Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 324, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Wilfred Boykett Anthony - Electoral Rolls: Nil
* [[/Wilfred Boykett Anthony|Anthony, Wilfred Boykett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYJ-3HZ] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil identified - amateur receive operator, WW2 - Relationships: Brother of Reginald Major Anthony - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Netherby, 1939-1941)

===''APPERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Apperley|Apperley, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNQ-5XG] - 1887(NZ)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 704, 1922; 1COCP 237, 1931 - NZ Gov. Telegraphs pre 1910; British Colonial Gov, 1910-1912; AWA (from 1913; Chief Marconi Wireless School 1914-1916; Works Manager 1916-1919; technical superintendent 1919-1923; OIC Beam Wireless 1924; Traffic Manager, Beam Wireless - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1922); manager (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, Vic, 1931-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1943); engineer (Manly, NSW, 1954)

===''ARCHIBALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Wilson Archibald|Archibald, Ian Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-9LC] - 1902(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2BJ Receive Tingha (1922); 2KU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1928-1939, 1946-1955; Sans Souci, 1956-1965; Noraville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 457, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 2393, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1933); engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1936-1954); chemist (Sans Souci, 1958-1963); retired (Noraville, 1968)

===''ARGAET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stanislaus Argaet|Argaet, William Stanislaus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-8Z8] - 1894(NSW)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4KH Brisbane (Wynnum, 1931-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (Wynnum bus service) - Halcyon, p. 87, 127 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, 1925); bus proprietor (Wynnum, 1928-1949)

===''ARMATI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rex Gordon Armati|Armati, Rex Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2S42-XKH] - 1899(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4DB Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1921-1928); salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1936-1943); employment officer (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1954-1958; Kings Cross, 1963); shipping clerk (Surry Hills, 1968-1972)
===''ARMSTRONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Howard Armstrong|Armstrong, Edwin Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5ZX-354] - 1890(USA)-1954(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - USA inventor of the superheterodyne receiver [https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Club-of-America/Legacies-of-Edwin-Howard-Armstong-1990-11-Radio-Club-of-America.pdf RCA 1990 Special Edition]
* [[/Stanley John Armstrong|Armstrong, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4V-K7Y] - 1910?(NSW)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4ZK Brisbane (Enoggera, 1932-1933); 4SA Brisbane (Enoggera, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1004, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Windsor, Qld, 1919); clerk (Enoggera, Qld, 1922-1968)
* [[/Thomas Armstrong|Armstrong, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Q-GGZ] - 1895(Sct)-1964(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 217, 1916; 1COCP 132, 1930 - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD) - senior federal public servant (Superintendent, Wireless Branch, NSW, PMGD), promoted to role upon retirement of William Tamillas Stephen Crawford

===''ARNOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Sydney Arnold|Arnold, Albert Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M2W-ZG2] - 1882(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: XAB Sydney (Ashfield, 1911-1914) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1913-1954); company secretary (Hurlstone Park, 1958); retired (Hurlstone Park, 1963)
* [[/Edwin Charles Arnold|Arnold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8QX-H7J] - 1898(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2BY Receive Tamworth (1922); 2BY Tamworth (1923-1925); 2BY Coolah (1925-1927); 2BY Sydney (Manly, 1928; Mona Vale, 1933-1936); 2AGW Sydney (Manly, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 226, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Mona Vale, 1931-1934), clerk (Balgowlah Heights, 1943-1968)
* [[/Ernest Noel Arnold|Arnold, Ernest Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84H-8J6] - 1907(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Albury (1923-1924); 2OJ Albury (1928-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 452, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albury, 1930-1937); fruit merchant (Albury, 1949-1977)
* [[/Joseph Leslie Grahame Arnold|Arnold, Joseph Leslie Grahame &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L853-R3J] - 1912(Vic)-1991(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Launceston (City, 1934-1939; Invermay, 1946-1956; Mowbray, 1960-1969; City, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1263, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: textile worker (Launceston North, 1936-1954); mechanic (Mowbray, 1968)

===''ARTHUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Glendon Arthur|Arthur, Charles James Glendon &quot;Glen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-T62] - 1915(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences 4GJ Dayboro (1935-1939); 4GJ Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1450, 1935, Qld; BOCP?; 2COCP 493, 1941; 1COCP 639, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 80 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wagga Wagga, 1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, 1949-1980)

===''ASHBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. W. C. Ashbury|Ashbury, A. W. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ASHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice John Ashby|Ashby, Maurice John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX49-L1C] - 1901(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4DH Receive Dalby (1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 899, 1925; 2COCP 94, 1930; 1COCP 281, 1932 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Dalby, 1922); labourer (Greenslopes, 1925); salesman (Glebe, 1933; Northbridge, 1935-1936; Epping, 1937); radio telegraphist (New Farm, Qld, 1943); planning assistant (Haberfield, NSW, 1943; Pennant Hills, NSW, 1949; Thornleigh, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Avalon Beach, NSW, 1968-1972)

===''ASHLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Richard Ashley|Ashley, George William Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF96-CMZ] - 1919(Eng)-1999(WA) - Licences: 6GA Perth (Carlisle, 1938-1939, 1947-1954); 6GA Kalgoorlie (1955-1956); 6GA Perth (Mt Yokine, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2094, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlisle, WA, 1943-1949); communications officer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1958); clerk (Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''ASHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Robert Ashlin|Ashlin, Eric Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSRF-44C] - 1910(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4EA Brisbane (Annerley, 1931-1933); 4EA Toowoomba (1937-1939); 4EA Coolangatta (1946-1947); 4EA Bilinga (1948-1975) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 873, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Rosentengels, radio service); military (WW2; signals officer) - Halcyon: p. 73, 127, 163 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1943; Bilinga, Qld, 1949-1963); TV technician (Bilinga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''ASMUSSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Asmussen|Asmussen, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - Licences: 4ZJA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1965); 4FA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980+) - amateur operator, JOTA participant 1960s

===''ATHELSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. N. Athelstone|Athelstone, G. N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5NG Central Australia (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Joseph Atkins|Atkins, Kenneth Joseph &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCXH-NW7] - 1912(Eng)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (Semaphore, 1932-1939; Woodville Park, 1946-1948; Eden Hills, 1954; Blackwood Park, 1955-1960; Campbelltown, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 910, 1932, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 415, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Dept. Civil Aviation) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Semaphore, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)
* [[/Leslie Morton Atkins|Atkins, Leslie Morton &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCTV-T5T] - 1876(Vic)-1949(WA) - Licences: 4LA Townsville (1924-1926); 5LA Adelaide (Magill, 1926-1931; Tusmore, 1933; Erindale, 1937-1939); seems to have operated in Townsville as 4GD ca Nov 1924? - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (telegraphist, east-west overland telegraph, Eucla, 1910); engineer (PMGD, divisional engineer) - Halcyon: AOCP Townsville 1925, p. 88 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Eucla, 1903-1910; Victoria Park, 1912-1916); district engineer (Townsville, 1919-1925); engineer (Tusmore, 1939); retired (Lismore Base Hospital, NSW, 1943)

===''ATKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Marshall Atkinson|Atkinson, John Marshall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89L-C6R] - 1906(Eng)-1999(ACT) - Licences: 2RZ Sydney (Mosman, 1927-1930; Carrs Park, 1931-1936; Glebe, 1937; Chippendale, 1938-1939); 4RZ Labrador (1955); 4RZ Gatton (1956-1960); 4RZ Southport (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 331, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); organiser (Darlinghurst, 1943); shopkeeper (Gatton, 1958-1963; Labrador, 1968); retired (Southport, 1972-1980)
* [[/Noel Whittaker Atkinson|Atkinson, Noel Whittaker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2XX-V88] - 1908(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4WK  Brisbane (1929), 4NA Brisbane (1930-1935, Check), 4BT Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1946-1965+) - Qualifications: AOCP 530, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, business proprietor (radio sales &amp; service), federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: - radio mechanic (Camp Hill, 1937-1977) - (Halcyon, p. 102)
* [[/Reginald Aubrey Atkinson|Atkinson, Reginald Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V5M-WJC] - 1895(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4RA Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1928-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 412, 1928, No. 46 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1919); accountant (Rosewood, 1925); timber merchant (Yeronga, 1925; Thompson Estate, 1937-1949; Southport, 1958-1963)
* [[/Robert Henry Atkinson|Atkinson, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-2P3] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WZ Perth (Victoria Park, 1936-1939); 6WZ Geraldton (1947-1955); 6WZ Albany (1956-1965); 6WZ Katanning (1969); 6WZ Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1804, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Victoria Park, WA, 1936-1937); radio announcer (Geraldton, WA, 1943); broadcast station manager (Geraldton, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Albany, WA, 1958-1968); radio announcer (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''AUGUSTESEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Gerald Augustesen|Augustesen, Gordon Gerald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-LF9] - 1915(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4JN Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1932-1939); 4XQ Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1947-1948; Oakleigh, 1954-1960; Kenmore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1046, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, radar technician); business proprietor (Telair) - Halcyon: p. 85, 127 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mitchelton, Qld, 1943); manager (Auchenflower, Qld, 1949; Dorrington, Qld, 1954-1963; Kenmore, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''AUSTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emanuel Maxwell Austin|Austin, Emanuel Maxwell &quot;Mannie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-98K] - 1909(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2KZ Kurri Kurri (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 477, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clipper (Kurri Kurri, 1930-1980)
* [[/Henry Lashbrooke Austin|Austin, Henry Lashbrooke &quot;Hal&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4V2-LDC] - 1902(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BN Adelaide (Norwood, 1923-1928); 5AW Adelaide (Rose Park, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 101, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Victoria Park, SA, 1939; Rose Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Selwood Charles Austin|Austin, Selwood Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TVV] - 1902(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6SA Perth (Victoria Park, 1927; South Perth, 1930-1956; Maida Vale, 1960-1969; Morley, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 625, 1921; 1COCP 134, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother-in-law of Stanley Hogg - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Perth, WA, 1931-1958); police officer (Maida Vale, WA, 1963-1968; Kalamunda, WA, 1972); retired (Morley, WA, 1977-1980)

===''AVARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Avard|Avard, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-RRL] - 1901(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 620, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 88, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Northcote, 1925-1937); public servant (Kew, 1943-1977)

=='''B'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''BACKLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lincoln Backler|Backler, Eric Lincoln]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV8Q-6SK] - 1911(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5HK Kingston SE (1933-1939, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1093, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Kingston, SA, 1939)

===''BADENOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Herbert Lionel Badenoch|Badenoch, James Herbert Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-3XK] - 1913(NSW)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5LB Adelaide (Trinity Gardens, 1932-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1012, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BADER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Adolphus Frederick Bader|Bader, Henry Adolphus Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97M3-V5X] - 1866(Ger)-1928(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman, Trading Committee, Wireless Development Assoc (Perth); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WDA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (North Perth, 1913-1926)

===''BADGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Victor Badger|Badger, Albert Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9RY-9X6] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - 2YT Receive Sydney (Rozelle, 1923-1924), 2AB Sydney (Rozelle, 1925-1926; North Sydney, 1927-1929; Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1931-1934; Leichhardt, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 202, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator (Hobart East, 1919); picture operator (Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1934; Lilyfield, 1937-1972; Leichhardt, 1977-1980))
===''BAGST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. D. A. Bagst|Bagst, E. D. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5EB Adelaide (Woodville, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: individual not yet identified, possibly Elizabeth D. Bagst nee Boyle who married Leslie Bagst at Newtown, NSW 1925, possible YL operator

===''BAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leonard Bain|Bain, John Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4V-6SV] - 1891(Eng)-19??(NSW?) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 109, 1915 - ship wireless officer (pre WW1, WW1); journalist (technical editor, Listener-In, -1934+); clubs (IRE USA); WW1 (1916-1919); Associate Editor, Popular Radio Weekly (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Popular Radio Weekly, Victoria) - Education: B.Sc.(London) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1925-1936); journalist (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1937) - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10688424 AWM]
===''BAILEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bailey|Bailey, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKW-8PX] - 1882(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5GB Mt Gambier (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 79, 1915 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retired (Mt Gambier, 1939-1943)
* [[/Jack Harry Bailey|Bailey, Jack Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KG85-LZ4] - 1912(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4JC Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1299, 1934, Qld; BOCP 1902, 1961 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); electrical mechanic (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1954); teacher (Tarragindi, Qld, 1958-1963); college principal (Mackay, Qld, 1968); principal (Bundaberg, Qld, 1972; Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Howard Bailey|Bailey, Robert Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLM-1X6] - 1917(SA)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5NW Crystal Brook (1936-1939); 5NW Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1948; Huddleston, 1954-1960); 5NW Crystal Brook (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1764, 1936, SA; BOCP 673, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BAIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Allan Baird|Baird, Thomas William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKG-JVD] - 1886(Qld)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Receive Brisbane (Bayswater, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (AIF, 11 Field Company Engineers, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: gardener (North Pine, Qld, 1908); labourer (Bayswater, Qld, 1912-1913); storeman (Torwood, Qld, 1916-1943)

===''BAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Claude Baker|Baker, Andrew Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TG-RZ9] - 1897(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 144, 1915; 2COCP 193, 1930; 1COCP 303, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917; Rockhampton, 1919-1934)
* [[/Charles Whiteway Baker|Baker, Charles Whiteway]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL93-HYP] - 1905(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3VP Receive Bendigo (1923-1924); 3VP Bendigo (1925-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 156, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 451, 1942 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a &quot;listener&quot;); merchant - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bendigo, 1927-1931); merchant (Bendigo, 1934-1968; Kennington, 1972-1977)
* [[/Ernest James Baker|Baker, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-K5B] - 1904(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2FP Receive Newcastle (Maryville, 1922-1923); 2FP Newcastle (Maryville, 1924-1928; Wickham, 1929; Hamilton, 1930-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 69, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hamilton, 1930-1972)
* [[/Edwin Weldon Baker|Baker, Edwin Weldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWP-F1D] - 1895(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4CI Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 733, 1922 - amateur receiver - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: joiner (Northgate, 1919-1977)
* [[/John Frederick Thomas Baker|Baker, John Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY6-8XY] - 1908(???)-1977(Vic) - 3LF Melbourne (Northcote, 1927+), qualifications (AOCP 325, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, 
* [[/Herbert Edward Baker|Baker, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-245] - 1875(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Charleville (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; grazier - Halcyon: p. 81, 111 - Electoral Rolls: station manager (Charleville, 1903); grazier (Charleville, 1908-1943)
* [[/Sidney Charles Baker|Baker, Sydney or Sidney Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZSZ-J4H] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Receive Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1922-1924), 3BK Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1925-1933; Albert Park, 1937; South Melbourne, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Bonbeach, 1955-1969; Seaford, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 177, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (South Melbourne, 1937); optical mechanic (Carrum, 1963-1972); retired (Carrum, 1977)
* [[/Walter Ross Baker|Baker, Walter Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CY-D78] - 1905(SA)-1978(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)

===''BALDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Loris John Balderson|Balderson, Loris John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMVR-1RW] - 1895(Vic)-1932(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; RAAF (Flying Officer, Technical Branch, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: officer, RAAF (Footscray, 1924); flying officer (Werribee, 1925); flight-lieutenant (Werribee, 1931) - Links: [https://www.crossandcockade.com/uploads/Balderson.pdf Bio]
===''BALSILLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Graeme Balsillie|Balsillie, John Graeme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7MR-7MN] - 1885(Qld)-1924(USA) - radio business proprietor, senior federal public servant (PMGS, Commonwealth Wireless Expert), inventor, (Halcyon, not mentioned) - [https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/balsillie-john-graeme-5117 ADB]

===''BAMFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Bamfield|Bamfield, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM19-HNG] - 1892(NSW)-1918(NZL) - Licences: XQJ Corfield (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Halcyon: p. 3 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Muttaburra, Qld, 1913)

===''BANCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John Bancroft|Bancroft, Stanley John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Broadcast technician (2CY), federal public servant (PMGD, ABC)
===''BANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Edward William Banks|Banks, Harold Edward William &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S7-3BT] - 1911(NZL)-2000(Tas) - Licences: 7HB Hobart (North Hobart, 1938-1939; Richmond, 1946-1956; Penna, 1960-1965; New Town, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (New Zealand?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hobart North, 1936-1937); council clerk (Richmond, 1943-1954)
===''BANYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ingram Banyer|Banyer, Ingram]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9F95-CYX] - 1893(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: XVQ Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Blackwood, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BARBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel George Barber|Barber, Samuel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-66B] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5MV Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1933-1937; Woodville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1232, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Woodville, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM, Berri, SA, 1941; Glenelg, SA, 1943)
* [[/William Henry Barber|Barber, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY4N-QRD] - 1897(SA)-1965(WA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cumberland, 1923-1925); 5WH Adelaide (Cumberland, 1926-1931); 5WH Port Pirie (1933-1937); 6DX Kalgoorlie (1938-1939; 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 266, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1937-1963)
===''BARBIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alphonse Barbier|Barbier, Edward Alphonse or Alphonse Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-5TW] - 1904(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: 5MD Adelaide (Stockdale Reserve, 1932-1939; City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 958, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARBOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Heyward Barbour|Barbour, Kenneth Heyward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-1VZ] - 1905(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3ZI Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: AOCP 105, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARDIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Frederic Bardin|Bardin, William Frederic or Frederick &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;Old Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSS9-TG4] - 1899(Eng)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (North Carlton, 1923-1925); 4AB Townsville (1925-1927); 4AB Brisbane (Fairfield &amp; Yeronga, 1931-1933); 2ABZ Sydney (Ermington &amp; Dundas  1937-1939, 1946-1961+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 615, 1921; 1COCP 58, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); coastal radio operator (AWA); state public servant (4QG); federal public servant (Halcyon, p. 63) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1922); radio engineer (Townsville, 1925; Buranda, 1926; Fairfield, 1928); engineer (Dundas, 1936-1943; Eastwood, 1949-1968)

===''BARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Morphew Barker|Barker, Rupert Morphew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGH-7LM] - 1890(Eng)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 5RM Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1933); 7RM Hobart (City, 1947-1948; Lenah Valley, 1949-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely qualified in England) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; broadcast engineer (sound) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Yarra, Vic, 1931-1936; Hobart North, Tas, 1937; Hobart South, Tas, 1943); sound engineer (Hobart West, Tas, 1949); engineer (Moonah, Tas, 1954; New Town, Tas, 1963)
* [[/William Henry Barker|Barker, William Henry (R.?)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHGY-243] - 1905(NSW)-1956(NSW) - licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Concord, 1923-1924); 2BW Sydney (Concord, 1925-1931), qualifications: AOCP 217, 1925, No. ?? in NSW, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: electrical mechanic (Concord, 1930-1943), beware several contemporaneous William Henry Barker

===''BARLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Kenneth Barlin|Barlin, George Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2VX-DP3] - 1916(NSW)-2016(ACT) - qualifications (BOCP 67, 1937), long term employee 2CA Canberra, manager TV network
===''BARLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Barlow|Barlow, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-2FL] - 1895(NSW)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 2GQ Receive Armidale (1922); 2GQ Armidale (1922-1926); 2GQ Glen Innes (1927); 2GQ Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1928); 2GQ Canberra (1929); 2GQ Mudgee (1930-1931); 2GQ Sydney (Cammeray, 1933-1934; North Sydney, 1935-1936; Mosman, 1937-1939 &amp; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4, 1924, No. 3 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - TroveTag: &quot;2GQ - Edward Barlow&quot; - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mudgee, 1930-1932; Cammeray, 1933-1935; Milsons Point, 1936; Mosman, 1937); divisional returning officer (Bathurst, 1943; Mosman, 1949-1958)

===''BARNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Walter Barnes|Barnes, Thomas Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z6-PZ2] - 1910(Vic)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 3TB Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1929-1933; Moonee Ponds, 1937-1939; West Brunswick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 537, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 243,1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ascot Vale, 1931-1936); mechanic (Moonee Ponds, 1937-1942); electrical maintenance (West Brunswick, 1949-1980) - beware another contemporaneous Thomas Walter Barnes (1893-1925)

===''BARRACLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Barraclough|Barraclough, Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KL-MNY] - 1903(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4GY Brisbane (Kedron, 1933-1935); 4GX Brisbane (Kedron, 1935-1939; 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1075, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2); radio service (Palings) - Halcyon: p. 81 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Kedron, 1937-1972)

===''BARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Barry|Barry, William Lawrence (BMD) or Lawrence William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MK6C-NBK] - 1905(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4FQ Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: storeman (South Brisbane, Qld, 1929); taxi driver (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''BARTHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Lewis Barthold|Barthold, Godfrey Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKR-JWZ] - 1899(Vic)-1993(Vic) - 3GL Melbourne (Malvern, 1925-1927), 3BT Melbourne (Malvern, 1931-1939; Glen Iris, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 210, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, clerk (Malvern, 1924-1931), radio manufacturer (Camberwell, 1937-1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1972), retired (Mt Martha, 1977-1980)

===''BARTHOLOMEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Bartholmew|Bartholomew, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CZ-8YR] - 1861(Eng)-1942(NSW) - Licences: XBM Sydney (Mosman, 1911-1914); 2FO Receive Sydney (Kirribilli, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; company director (AWA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Milsons Point, 1930-1937) - Comment: famously charged and convicted of trading with the enemy during WW1 but only slapped on wrist (together with Ernest Thomas Fisk and Hugh Robert Denison)
===''BARTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gustavus Campbell Barton|Barton, Edward Gustavus Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ57-87Y] - 1857(Vic)-1942(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, scientist, business proprietor (Barton &amp; White) - Halcyon: not mentioned) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-edward-gustavus-campbell-9445 ADB]
* [[/Graham Francis Barton|Barton, Graham Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5P-KYT] - 1918(SA)-2005(SA) - Licences: 5BN Mt Gambier (1937-1939); 5BN Adelaide (Unley, 1947-1956; Malvern, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1993, 1937, SA; 1COCP 1709, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hyde Park, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Richard McRae Barton|Barton, Richard McRae &quot;Dick&quot;]] - 1940(???)-2021(Qld) - broadcast engineer, director engineering FACTS (1981-2001), ABU Engineering Award 2004, Fellow SMPTE, contributed to development DTV standards, chaired preparatory meeting to WRC 2000,  [https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/0a/07/R0A070000420001PDFE.pdf ITU Tribute]

===''BARTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graeme Bartram|Bartram, Graeme]] - historian (early Aus wireless: 2011 &quot;John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer&quot;[https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf])

===''BASIL-COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Frank Basil-Cooke see Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;
===''BASSETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rankin Bassett|Bassett, Francis Rankin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQZJ-28Y] - 1906(NSW)-1982(NSW) - 2FR Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1928; Arncliffe, 1929), 2FR Singleton, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 194, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother John Bassett
* [[/John Bassett|Bassett, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8M2-8XN] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2VO Receive Stroud (1923), amateur operator (AOCP 232, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother Francis Rankin Bassett

===''BATCHLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Victor Batchler|Batchler, Charles Victor &quot;Victor&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4NN-FXJ] - 1897(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: XZJ Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: Uncle of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: shift engineer (Waddamana, 1922)
* [[/Jack Copeland Batchler|Batchler, Jack Copeland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCSK-D8F] - 1910(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1932-1939); 3AJB Melbourne (1947); 7JB Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1948-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 957, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: nephew of XZJ Charles Victor Batchler; husband of 7YL Joyce Isabel Batchler nee Crowder - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Nelson, 1943-1949); no occupation (Nelson, 1972)
* [[/Joyce Isabel Crowder|Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-PKG] - 1915(Tas)-2015(Tas) - Licences: 7YL Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 1627, 1936, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL - Relationships: Wife of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Nelson, 1943-1972) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''BATE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Bate|Bate, Arthur John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKQ-PYC] - 1917(WA)-2010(SA) - Licences: 5ZA Adelaide (Adelaide City, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1891, 1937, SA; BOCP 1481, 1956; 1COCP 2049, 1967 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lister Bates|Bates, Jack Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGK-238] - 1912(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4UR Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1935-1939, 1946-1947; Lutwyche, 1948-1969; Toombul, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1430, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio Club (WIAQ, QSL Manager); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; WW2 - Halcyon: p. 12, 99, 137, 141, 145 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1943); labourer (Lutwyche, Qld, 1949-1958; Wooloowin, Qld, 1968); cashier (Toombul, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''BATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Henry Batt|Batt, Cecil Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLJ-5SB] - 1904(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Bothwell (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 434, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Bothwell, 1928); labourer (Melton Mowbray, 1936-1937)
===''BATTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Thomas Battle|Battle, Edmund Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6C8-G32] - 1890(UK)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener) - Electoral Rolls: teamster (Dorrigo, 1913); dairy farmer (Malanda, 1919); sawmill manager (Tumoulin, 1931); sawmiller (Ravenshoe, 1936-1937); timber merchant (Paddington, 1943); sawmiller (Albion, 1949)
===''BATTYE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Sykes Battye|Battye, James Sykes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V7W-HL5] - 1871(Vic)-1954(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - librarian; historian; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, special committee, Western Australian Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: librarian (Perth, 1910-1937); principal librarian (Perth, 1943-1949) - Links: [[w:James Battye|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/battye-james-sykes-5156 ADB]
===''BATY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Baty|Baty, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-BZX] - 1913(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MH Adelaide (Brompton, 1931; Pennington, 1937; Challa Gardens, 1938-1939; Lockleys, 1954-1969; Henley Beach South, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 757, 1931, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 160, 1934; BOCP 242, 1939; 1COCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Franklin, SA, 1941-1943)

===''BAUER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Thomas Bauer|Bauer, Alfred Thomas &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MSCM-QB1] - 1908(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4AT Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1933) &amp; Cairns? - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 333, 1927, No. 36 in Qld; CPRTelephony 1119, 1928; 1COCP 92, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); state public servant (4QG); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 67, 86, 111, 127, 130 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cairns, 1936; Camp Hill, 1937); radio tech (Camp Hill, 1943-1980)

===''BAXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Baxter|Baxter, Sidney or Sydney Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWX9-XWV] - 1915(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FJ Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1935-1939; Coorparoo Heights, 1946-1947; Cribb Island, 1948-1950; Camp Hill, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1569, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); employment (Trittons, radio service); business proprietor (radio service) - Halcyon: p. 76, 137 - Electoral Rolls: truck driver (Camp Hill, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cribb Island, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BEAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Beames|Beames, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NQJ-L17] - 1899(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: N754 Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IB Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Five Dock, 1930-1958; Linden, 1963-1980)

===''BEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Percival Reed Bean|Bean, Leslie Percival Reed]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHWZ-6ZZ] - 1884(Vic)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925); 2LP Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1928; Artarmon, 1929-1936; Pymble, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD (Elec. Engineer, 1904-1919); L. P. R. Bean &amp; Co (founder 1920-1926); Stromberg-Carlson (founder, 1927-1933+); Council IREAust - Electoral Rolls: electrical instrument fitter (Ascot Vale, 1909); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1912-1915; Artarmon, NSW, 1930); company director (Pymble, 1933-1943; Roseville, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Lindfield, 1958-1968)
===''BEARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Gordon Beard|Beard, Ernest Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2G-25R] - 1897(Eng)-1968(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 304, 1939 - broadcast engineer (United Distributors; 2KY; 2GB); inventor; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as consulting engineer, 2GB) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northbridge, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Northbridge, 1936-1937); wireless engineer (Willoughby, 1943-1949); engineer (Forestville, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://www.radiomuseum.org/dsp_hersteller_detail.cfm?company_id=12500 radiomuseum.org]
* [[/Norman George Beard|Beard, Norman George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9G-GSZ] - 1902(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 3DR Receive Balnarring (1922-1923); 2PK Wentworthville (1930); 2ALJ Sydney (Prospect, 1939; Toongabbie, 1946-1954; Brookvale, 1955; Dee Why, 1956-1961); 2ALJ Terrigal (1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 583, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; TVOCP 25, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Pendle Hill, NSW, 1930; Balnarring, Vic, 1931; Prospect, NSW, 1933-1937); RAAF instructor (Ballarat, 1942); teacher (Toongabbie, 1949-1954; Brookvale, 1958); retired (Terrigal, 1963-1972; Wendouree, Vic, 1977; Caves Beach, 1980)
===''BEARUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Andrew Bearup|Bearup, Herbert Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLJ-B1C] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: V740 Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922); 3GT Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Malvern East, 1921-1924; Caulfield East, 1925-1928); farmer (Bentleigh, 1934-1949); engineer (Highett, 1963-1967; Moorabbin, 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Bearup|Bearup, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J7R-T9D] - 1897(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 224, 1916 - studio manager 3LO (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as studio manager, 3LO, Victoria); WW1 (merchant navy) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Caulfield, 1924); radio engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1931-1937); manager (Roseville, NSW, 1943)

===''BEATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Beatson|Beatson, Robert John &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSJV-2D2] - 1909(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4BB Brisbane (Wilston, 1928); 4BB Maryborough (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 394, 1928, No. 44 in Qld; AOLCP 173, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator (WIAQ); broadcast engineer (4MB); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 68, 139, 141, 163, 164 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maryborough, 1931); radiotrician (Maryborough, 1937-1949); radio engineer (Maryborough, 1954-1980)
===''BEATTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Spencer Meurant Beattie|Beattie, Herbert Spencer Meurant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ65-KTL] - 1888(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3DV Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3DV Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Box Hill, Vic, 1914-1927); salesman (Thornleigh, NSW, 1930); electrical engineer (Cheltenham, NSW, 1934-1936); agent (Cabramatta, 1943); auctioneer (Ettalong, 1943); no occupation (Fairfield, NSW, 1954-1958; Flagstaff, NSW, 1963)

===''BECHERVAISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philip Bechervaise|Bechervaise, William Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVNP-4HQ] - 1831(Eng)-1907(Vic) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), employment (Victoria Posts and Telegraphs Department)
===''BECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Beavis Beck|Beck, Alan Beavis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR7-N8Q] - 1911(Vic)-1982(WA) - Licences: 5XW Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 370, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Shenton Park, WA, 1937; Myrtle Bank, SA, 1941-1943); research chemist (Subiaco, 1949-1980)

===''BEDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, Robert Arthur Buddicom]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC5Q-1KX] - 1874(Eng)-1951(SA) - Licences: 5RB Kyancutta (1924-1939; 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kyancutta, 1939-1941); retired (Kyancutta, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/buddicom-robert-arthur-5417 ADB]
* [[/William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, William Rudolf Buddicom &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Y3-X4Z] - 1909(Eng)-1972(SA) - Licences: likely operator of 5RB Kyancutta - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 1893, 1954 - WW2 - Relationships: son of 5RB Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kyancutta, 1939-1943)

===''BEECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Sidney Beech|Beech, Frederick Sidney or Sydney &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-6BC] - 1895(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4FB Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1930-1939; Norman Park, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 629, 1930, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; jeweller - Halcyon: p. 75, 76, 90 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Bulimba, 1917-1919; Coorparoo, 1919-1972; Norman Park, 1977)
===''BEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Beer|Beer, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CW Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923); 2CW Sydney (Ashfield, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: too many JBs to identify reliably, likely James Charles Beer living 70 Tranmere St, Drummoyne, engineer, 1930

===''BEGBIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Begbie|Begbie, Richard]] - historian (broadcasting), journalist, radio clubs (HRSA)

===''BELJON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robin Ernest Beljon|Beljon, Robin Ernest &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-VR3] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2RB Lithgow (1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 259, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lithgow, 1930-1934); turner (Lithgow, 1937-1943); foreman (Lithgow, 1949-1968); retired (Lithgow, 1972)
===''BELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Wirgman Dillon Bell|Bell, Francis Wirgman Dillon &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7QW-CM4] - 1896(NZ)-1987(NZ) - ZL4AA Waihemo, amateur operator, first to 2 way QSO New Zealand to Australia (Apr 1923), South America, USA (Sep 1924), England (Oct 1924, G2SZ); WW1 (gunner, France &amp; Belgium till invalided 1917) - Relationships: brother of Margaret Brenda Bell, first licensed female NZ amateur - Links: [https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4b20/bell-francis-wirgman-dillon Bio]; [https://www.soundarchives.co.nz/collections/catalogue/catalogue-item?record_id=222015 Sound Archives]; [https://www.zl4aa.org.nz/frank-bell-trans-world-radio-contact/ NZART Otago]
* [[/H. G. Bell|Bell, H. G.]] - 19??-19?? - 4HG Brisbane (South Toowong = Taringa, 1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 321, 1927, No. 33 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 111 - Callsign: later to Harry Brown - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Leslie William Gordon Bell|Bell, Leslie William Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-RQ5] - 1904(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4CY Receive Atherton (1923); 4LZ Jubilee Pocket (1969-1975); 4LZ Airlie Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4471, 1967, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Danbulla via Atherton, 1925-1928); farmer (Jubilee Pocket via Proserpine, 1954-1980)
* [[/Victor Frank Bell|Bell, Victor Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-FZ7] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6KR Perth (Subiaco, 1932-1933); 6KR Kalgoorlie (1937-1939); 6KR Perth (Nedlands, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 907, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1936); postal assistant (Leonora, WA, 1937); radio engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1937); telephone mechanic (Lamington, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1954)
* [[/Vincent Stephanus Bell|Bell, Vincent Stephanus &quot;Vince&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-W8G] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4VD Rockhampton (Rockhampton City, 1936-1937; Wandal, 1938-1939, 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1496, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; employed electrical business - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1936); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, Qld, 1937-1980)

===''BELSTEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Lempriere Belstead|Belstead, Roy Lempriere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1GN-CQF] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4EI Townsville (1933-1939); 4RU Winton (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1182, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 304, 1940; 1COCP 420, 1940; TVOCP 87, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, Townsville ARC); state public servant (Qld Railways); broadcast technician (2KY); business proprietor (Belstead Electronic Repairs, Winton) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hyde Park, Qld, 1931-1937); radio technician (Dee Why, NSW, 1943; Auburn, NSW, 1949; Lidcombe, NSW, 1958-1963; Auburn, NSW, 1972); retired (Winton, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Bennett|Bennett, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNP-GFM] - 1889(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager 2GB Sydney; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 2GB, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Mosman, 1930-1931); director (Mosman, 1933; Vaucluse, 1936); inspector (Darling Point, 1943); investor (West Pennant Hills, 1949); retired (Vaucluse, 1954-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bennett-alfred-edward-5207 ADB]
* [[/Clarence Herbert Bennett|Bennett, Clarence Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK1H-GMF] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 449, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, 1909-1963); retired (Brunswick, 1968-1972)
===''BENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Francis Wattis Bent|Bent, Arthur Francis Wattis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVG-5V7] - 1902(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3AF Geelong (1924-1939, 1946-1960); 3AF Torquay (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 199, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio dealer (Geelong, 1931-1954) - Electoral Rolls: turner (14 Coronation St, Geelong West, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Geelong, 1928-1954); radio serviceman (Torquay, 1963-1980)
===''BENTLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Ernest Bentley|Bentley, Frank Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93F-NPZ] - 1902(India)-1973(SA) - Licences: 5MK Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1931-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 833, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BENTZEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Louis Bentzen|Bentzen, Ivan Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4X-6P4] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4SS Brisbane (Newstead, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 964, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Bulimba, Qld, 1929); mechanic (Valley, Qld, 1936); carpenter (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1949); garage proprietor (Lutwyche, Qld, 1954); carpenter (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BERGIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Thomas Bergin|Bergin, John Thomas &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGP-GNM] - 1911(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5JB Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1364, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Max Wulfing Bergin|Bergin, Max Wulfing]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXQ1-QLP] - 1900(NSW)-1983(Cook Isls) - Licences: 2YP Receive West Maitland (1923); 2YP West Maitland (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ingham Berry|Berry, Arthur Ingham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WB6-6F5] - 1914(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1954; East Malvern, 1955-1956); 3CZ Warburton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 595, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Hawthorn, 1936-1937); architect (Kew North, 1943-1954); farmer (Warburton, 1963-1977)
* [[/Harold Alexander Berry|Berry, Harold Alexander &quot;Huck&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G869-8R6] - 1906(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (City, 1923); Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5JU Adelaide (City, 1930-1931; Keswick, 1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Kilburn, 1946-1975)  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 666, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: polisher (Kilburn, 1943)
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Berry|Berry, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG2-X6J] - 1906(NSW)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5DB Adelaide (Norwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1315, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Robert Henry Berry|Berry, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G342-ZR6] - 18??(???)-1971(Qld) - Licences: XQC Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; electrical business proprietor - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Rockhampton, 1912-1925); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, 1928-1968)
* [[/William Clive Berry|Berry, William Clive &quot;Clive&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBT5-3L8] - 1912(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Knockrow via Bangalow (1931-1936); 2AGM Byron Bay (1938-1938, 1946-1955); 2AGM Lismore (1956-1957); 2AGM Mullumbimby (1958-1960); 2AGM Byron Bay (1961-1965) - Qualifications: AOLCP 30, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 302, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Knockrow, 1933-1936); woodworker (Byron Bay, 1943-1954); contractor (Ballina, 1958); no occupation (Mullumbimby, 1958); manager (Byron Bay, 1963)
* [[/William James Berry|Berry, William James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D1-B78] - 1890(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4WB Brisbane (Yeerongpilly, 1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1295, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; instrument repairer - Comment: Several contemporaneous William James Berry's in Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1958-1963); mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1972-1980) -

===''BERTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Louis Bertram|Bertram, William Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDBP-NGS] - 1901(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: V738 Receive Rushworth (1922); 3GR Receive Rushworth (1922); 2KR Sydney (Waverley, 1929) - Qualifications: CPRT 920, 1926; 2COCP 97, 1930; 1COCP 34, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Rushworth, 1922; Brunswick, 1924-1928); telegraphist (Brunswick, 1931-1942); telephonist (Brunswick, 1949-1963); retired (Frankston, 1967-1980)
===''BESTED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julius Phillip Bested|Bested, Julius Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ6V-YSQ] - 1907(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Rose Park, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Salisbury, 1937-1939); 5CS Peterborough (1947-1948); 5CS Adelaide (Richmond, 1954-1960; Cumberland Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1995, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Salisbury, SA, 1939-1941)

===''BIBBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Cyril Bibby|Bibby, Frederick Cyril &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH58-5XF] - 1911(Tas)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3OL Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1939; Camberwell, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 681, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 38, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Camberwell, 1943-1968); operator (Camberwell, 1972-1980)
===''BINNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Binns|Binns, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-XTD] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - 2IE Receive Sydney (Kogarah, 1922), 2BJ Sydney (Kogarah, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 46, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''BIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Scorer Bird|Bird, Henry Scorer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWH-FTC] - 1902(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HB Melbourne (Sunshine, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Sunshine, 1924-1927); Government employee (Camberwell, 1928-1963); nil (Ashwood, 1968-1972) - Comment: 3HB callsign passed to Sunshine Radio Club 1924-1927 (prominent amateur broadcaster)
* [[/Leslie James Bird|Bird, Leslie James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6X2-N4N] - 1897(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Armidale, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Armidale, 1930-1935; Wellington, 1937); civil servant (Homebush, 1943) 
===''BISCHOFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Conrad Bischoff|Bischoff, William Edward Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YT-QB7] - 1911(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2LZ Sydney (Crows Nest, 1930-1937); 2LZ Wentworth Falls (1938-1939, 1946-1969); 2AKM Wentworth Falls (Portable, 1939); 2LZ Sydney (Naremburn, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 568, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 12, 1936; TVOCP, 346, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Naremburn, 1933-1937); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1943); radio technician (Wentworth Falls, 1949-1958); tele. engineer (Naremburn, 1963); engineer (Naremburn, 1972-1980)
===''BISHOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Elijah Bishop|Bishop, Clarence Elijah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKZ9-G7S] - 1896(WA)-1971(WA) - Licences: 6DD Receive Albany (1923); 6DD Albany (1923-1924); 6DD Northam (1924); 6LL Katanning (1936-1939); 6LL Perth (Claremont, 1948-1954; East Victoria Park, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1746, 1936, WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albany, WA, 1922); accountant (Katanning, WA, 1925-1937); clerk (Nedlands, WA, 1943-1954; Victoria Park, WA, 1958-1968)
* [[/Frederick Edward Bishop|Bishop, Frederick Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS3-GZQ] - 1882(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2FB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Kirribilli, 1930-1931); grazier (Mullaley, Gunnedah, 1935-1949)
* [[/Maurice Glanville Bishop| Bishop, Maurice Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDP-SVD] - 1908(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Middle Park, Vic, 1931); bank officer (Middle Park, 1935); bank clerk (Bank of NSW Quarters, Ouyen, 1936-1937); bank officer (Hawthorn, 1942-1949; Nelson, Tas, 1954)

===''BLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. C. Black|Black, F. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None identified to date - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 297, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: awaits identification, Port Lincoln, SA in 1926
* [[/William Hector Black|Black, William Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8J2-TCS] - 1912(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3WB Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939); 2WO Sydney (Mosman, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 663, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); bacteriologist (Mosman, 1943-1963); biochemist (Darlinghurst, 1968-1972)

===''BLACKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Howbery Blackman|Blackman, Herbert Howbery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2M-65N] - 1886(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: XOE Melbourne (East Malvern, 1913); 3PR Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923); 3PR Melbourne (East Malvern, 1924-1925); 3HA Melbourne (East Malvern, 1926-1927); 3HU Melbourne (Ashburton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 211, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1909); mechanic (East Malvern, 1913-1916); soldier (Royal Park, 1917-1919); electrician (East Malvern, 1922-1928); mechanic (Burwood, 1931-1968)
* [[/W. T. Blackburn|Blackburn, W. T.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Home Hill (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Searched William, Walter, Wilfred - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BLADES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alfred Blades|Blades, Ronald Alfred &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCS-L77] - 1916(Qld)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 4RX Toowoomba (1936-1939); 2VP Sydney (Haberfield, 1946-1947; Ashfield, 1948-1950; Dundas, 1954-1955); 2VP Melbourne (Blackburn, 1956); 2VP Sydney (Balgowlah, 1957-1969; Seaforth, 1975; Dee Why, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1775, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 615, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); broadcast technician (AWA) - Comment: Two Ronald Alfred Blades born in Qld 1916, 4RX 27/3/1916 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1949; Dundas, NSW, 1954; Balgowlah, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1977)

===''BLAIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Andrew William Blair|Blair, Keith Andrew William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK4S-ZXY] - 1911(Vic)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2DX Balranald (1930-1934); 2DX Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1937); 2DX Bega (1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 699, 1930, Vic; BOCP 276, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Balranald, 1932-1935; Randwick, 1936-1937; Bega, 1937); bank officer (Queanbeyan, 1949-1980) 
===''BLAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leslie Gilbert Blake|Blake, Robert Leslie Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L831-ZLW] - 1888(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3RG Castlemaine (1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 484, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Castlemaine, 1912-1919); house furn. (Castlemaine, 1924-1949)
===''BLANCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Henry Blanchard|Blanchard, George Edward Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV2-B4S] - 1899(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DN Sydney (Newtown, 1922-1926; Hurlstone Park, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 195, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Earlwood, 1930-1980)
===''BLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Bland|Bland, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-4RP] - 1902(India)-1955(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Alberton, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Alberton, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 765, 1923 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio manufacturer (Tusmore, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BLUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Blue|Blue, Harry William]] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - 2YI Liverpool (1933), 2YI Albury (1934-1936), 9KO Rabaul (1937), 2YI Broken Hill (1938-1939), 2YI Sydney (Kingsford, 1946; Auburn, 1947-1980+, amateur operator (AOCP 1034, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, A.A.M.S.
===''BLUNDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Verge Blunden|Blunden, Godfrey Verge]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNG-22L] - 1906(Vic)-1996(France) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Wireless Weekly (editor, 1930s) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (North Sydney, 1930; East Sydney, 1933-1936)
* [[/Leon Walter Blunden|Blunden, Leon Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KT-SMV] - 1914(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5BH Adelaide (Firle, 1935-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1535, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Douglas Boast|Boast, Harold Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2VW-3D4] - 1906(Eng)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3AX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1939); 3AX Lubeck (1946-1969); 3AX Melbourne (Frankston, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 404, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 55, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Elsternwick, 1931-1936); radio engineer (3LK Lubeck, 1942-1968); retired (Frankston, 1972-1977)
===''BOILEAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Boileau|Boileau, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-HLQ] - 1893(SA)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4JT Port Moresby (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Byron Bay, NSW, 1943-1954)

===''BOLGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Joseph Bolger|Bolger, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-VDD] - 1867(Irl)-1941(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Deputy Director of Navigation, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: master mariner (Williamstown, 1914-1917); public servant (Elsternwick, 1919); master mariner (Elsternwick, 1931-1937)

===''BOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Francis Bond|Bond, Rupert Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZHS-QB3] - 1886(Vic)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rockhampton, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1912-1937; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''BONGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gysbert Sheldon Bongers|Bongers, Gysbert Sheldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7F9-DXK] - 1900(NSW)-1948(NSW) - Licences: N745 Receive Sydney (1922-1923); 2HY Sydney (Rockdale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Rockdale, 1930-1935; Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1937); engineer (Woollahra, 1943)

===''BONNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Coleman Bonner|Bonner, Alfred Coleman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MV14-MTM] - 1854(Tas)-1930(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Legana (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914-1922); no occupation (Legana, 1928)
===''BONNERUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Madsen Bonnerup|Bonnerup, Peter Madsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F5-RC8] - 1890(Tas?)-1976(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as patent attorney, WA) - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Nedlands, 1922; South Perth, 1925-1972) - Links: [https://www.carnamah.com.au/bio/peter-madsen-bonnerup Bio]
===''BONNINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Archibald Bonnington|Bonnington, John Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Y-1JP] - 1909(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931); 2AKB Sydney (Avalon Beach, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 569, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3AirOCP 16, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Broken Hill, 1931); engineer (Woollahra, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); air pilot (Avalon Beach, 1949-1963)
===''BONWILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Warren Bonwill|Bonwill, Edward Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J35-NNV] - 1869(USA)-1945(NSW) - Licences: XBP Sydney (1912-1914); 2CA Receive Cowra (1922); 2CA Cowra (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Barellan, 1930; Cowra, 1934-1937; Lithgow, 1937-1943)

===''BOTTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Botten|Botten, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-8QJ] - 1895(SA)-1973(???) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (CBD, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930); radio manager (Darlinghurst, 1933-1936); manager (Darlinghurst, 1937-1958)

===''BOUCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Reid Bouchard|Bouchard, Victor John Reid &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93B-52C] - 1897(Qld)-1936(Qld) - 4BY Receive Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur club administrator - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Auchenflower, 1921-1926); clerk (Buranda, 1928)
===''BOULTBEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Walker Boultbee|Boultbee, Kenneth Walker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMWB-1Q4] - 1905(Tas)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: agent (Taringa, Qld, 1928-1958; Corinda, Qld, 1963-1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Broadbeach, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BOUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Boundy|Boundy, George Henry]] - 1866(Vic)-1932(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), early wireless experimenter, radio clubs (WIQ), state public servant (P&amp;TQ, engineer), federal public servant (PMGD, engineer)

===''BOURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Bourke|Bourke, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V734 Receive Yarck (1922); Receive 3GP Yarck (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BOURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Frederick Bourne|Bourne, Francis Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX55-9GM] - 1916(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5BU Adelaide (Unley, 1935-1939; Wayville, 1947; Malvern, 1948-1954; Blackwood, 1955-1965; Belair, 1969); 5BU Keith (1975); 5BU Naracoorte (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1593, 1935, SA; 2COCP 1282, 1953; 1COCP 1722, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Germain Bowden|Bowden, Eric James Germain]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7T7-YC2] - 1894(Tas)-1984(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD Wireless Inspector, Hobart, 1920s &amp; 1930s; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as equipment engineer, PMGD, Tas) - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: junior assistant engineer (Hobart North, 1922); engineer (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Frank Prosser Bowden|Bowden, Frank Prosser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MP-G4L] - 1860(Tas)-1934(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, Tas PMGD, Federal PMGD - Relationships: father of Eric James Germain Bowden and John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1928)
* [[/John Gibson Bowden|Bowden, John Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJZ-V69] - 1906(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified  - employee of Medhurst Electrical - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of Eric James Germain Bowden - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1928); electrical mechanic (New Town, 1936-1937); engineer (Nelson, 1943-1963)
* [[/Ronald Stanley Bowden|Bowden, Ronald Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQGS-F9R] - 1900(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albion, Qld, 1921); car driver (Wilston, Qld, 1934); car proprietor (Newmarket, Qld, 1936-1943); store keeper (Urangan, Qld, 1949-1954); farmer (Mundubbera, Qld, 1958-1963); retired (Urangan, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BOWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Keith Bowen|Bowen, Harold Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-7SZ] - 1913(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5KB Adelaide (Maylands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1049, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Tranmere, SA, 1943)
* [[/Joseph La Venture Bowen|Bowen, Joseph La Venture or Laventure]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPP-MLB] - 1917(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4LB Brisbane (Hamilton, 1935-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1445, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1958); public servant (Kedron, Qld, 1963)
===''BOWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Nigel Bowman|Bowman, Hubert Nigel &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4PT-FY3] - 1908(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FM Adelaide (Payneham, 1932-1933; Royston Park, 1937; Payneham, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Mitcham, 1954-1956); 5FM Crystal Brook (1960); 5FM Bridgewater (1965-1980+); 5FN Portable (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 911, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 259, 1939; BOCP 282, 1940; 1COCP 354, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Boyd|Boyd, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-VM7] - 1897(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XNO Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EL Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3EL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1924-1925; Caulfield, 1925-1927; Elwood, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 104, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio engineer (3UZ, 1920s); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1924); manager (Caulfield, 1926-1928); engineer (Elsternwick, 1931-1937); electrician (St Kilda, 1949-1963); retired (Caulfield, 1967-1977)

===''BRADBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. J. Bradbury|Bradbury, B. J.]] - abt 1887(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''BRADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Keith Bradford|Bradford, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-VC5] - 1912(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4KK Millmerran (1936-1939, 1947-1975); 4KK Drillham (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1750, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Millmerran, Qld, 1934-1937); farmer (Millmerran, Qld, 1943-1954); radio dealer (Millmerran, Qld, 1958-1968); farmer (Drillham, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Richard Bradford|Bradford, John Richard]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief electrical engineer, Qld, PMGD)

===''BRADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Randell Bradley|Bradley, Frank Randell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G973-F7P] - 1884(SA)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3ZK Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1930); 2JB Sydney (Mosman, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2, 1924, No. 1 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, Superintendant Telegraphs Vic, 1928; Deputy PMG Qld; NSW); historian (telegraphs) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Sandringham, Vic, 1914-1924; Mosman, NSW, 1933-1943); no occupation (Killara, NSW, 1954-1963)
===''BRAGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Bragg|Bragg, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFQ-9N6] - 1862(Eng)-1942(Eng) - Early wireless experimenter, academic (University of Adelaide, 1885-1908), physicist, chemist, mathematician, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his son William Lawrence Bragg, son-in-law of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:William Henry Bragg|Wikipedia]]
* [[/William Lawrence Bragg|Bragg, William Lawrence &quot;Lawrence&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWXT-CLR] - 1890(SA)-1971(Eng) - participated as a youth in his father's early wireless experiments, academic (University of Adelaide), physicist, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his father William Henry Bragg, grandson of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:Lawrence Bragg|Wikipedia]]
===''BRAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. F. Brain|Brain, S. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZD Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: likely related XFR V. J. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/V. J. Brain|Brain, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XFR Sydney (Ashfield, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: likely related 2ZD S. F. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRAMLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Alfred Bramley|Bramley, John Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorayne Branch|Branch, Lorayne]] - Living - author (&quot;Henry Sutton, The Innovative Man&quot;), historian (Henry Sutton)
===''BRANDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Frank Brandon|Brandon, Eric Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPK-2ZY] - 1907(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5FB Wilmington (1933-1939); 5FB Adelaide (Prospect, 1948); 5FA Oodnadatta (1965); 5FA Ramco (1969-1975); 5FA Adelaide (Blair Athol, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1145, 1933, SA; 2COCP 140, 1938; 1COCP 183, 1938; BOCP 201, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BRANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Mervyn Branks|Branks, Albert Mervyn &quot;Merv&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-88K] - 1906(NZ)-1978(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1920s to 1970s, DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tribute]

===''BREDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wynne Steere Breden|Breden, Wynne Steere]] - 1900(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Rx Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923), 2WS Newcastle (Newcastle, 1924-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 9, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, shipyard business
===''BREMERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Frederick Bremerman|Bremerman, Harold Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-QWC] - 1903(Eng)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Aspley (1955-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1267, 1934, Qld; COCP (Eng) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (WIAQ, Life Member; Brisbane DX Club); employment (electrician, Courier Mail, Besley &amp; Pike, Mt. Olivett Hospital); pilot; UK Merchant Navy 1920s - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Albion, Qld, 1928); mechanic (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Aspley, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BRENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan James Brennan|Brennan, Allan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TR-SNJ] - 1887(Vic)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 31, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BREWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip John Brewer|Brewer, Phillip or Philip John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVKH-MNW] - 1900(WA)-1948(SA) - Licences: 5JA Adelaide (Parkside, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 269, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Parkside, 1939-1943)

===''BRIDGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Bridger|Bridger, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85V-2YT] - 1885(UK)-1941(NT) - Licences: 4AP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4AP Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer; public servant; WW1 (2nd Aust Flying Squadron, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West Perth, 1914); consulting engineer (Auchenflower, 1925); poultry farmer (Geebung, 1928); engineer (Armadale, 1934-1937) - Directories: electrical engineer (Adelaide, 1915; Melbourne, 1917-1921; Brisbane, 1923-1927; Adelaide, 1930) 
===''BRIDGES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Claud Bridges|Bridges, Frank John Claud or Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHRF-XHR] - 1885(NZ)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 141, 1915; 2COCP 182, 1930; 1COCP 279, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Esperance, 1921-1949); retired (Esperance, 1958-1963)

===''BRIGGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Robert Briggs|Briggs, Donald Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5B-1TN] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (Walkerville, 1935-1939; Henley Beach, 1947; South Plympton, 1954-19600; 5HB Adelaide (Morphett Vale, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1490, 1935, SA; 2COCP 413, 1941; BOCP 373, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939)

===''BRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Herbert Bright|Bright, William Henry Herbert &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQH-GSX] - 1898(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Spark; 4FA Toowoomba (1923); 4AA Toowoomba (1924-1925); 4WB Toowoomba (1925-1927); 4OO Toowoomba (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 123, 1925, No. 13 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: callsign 4AA withdrawn by PMGD for their use - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toowoomba, 1919-1943); clerk (Toowoomba, 1949); mechanic (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)

===''BRIMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Campbell Brimble|Brimble, Charles Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5L-9GH] - 1915(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5CB Adelaide (Somerton, 1935-1939, 1947-1948; Somerton Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1446, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Somerton, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BRIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Marcus John Gordon Brims|Brims, Marcus John Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZWB-S11] - 1888(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: XQA Mareeba (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; business proprietor (plywood &amp; veneer manufacture) - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Mareeba, 1912-1913); foreman joiner (Milton, 1921); timber merchant (Milton, 1925-1931); plywood manufacturer (Annerley, 1937-1958); business manager (Annerley, 1963-1980)

===''BRISTOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morrison Bristow|Bristow, John Morrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPL-DLJ] - 1908(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZX Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 243, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: advertising manager (Neutral Bay, 1930-1935); manager (Gordon, 1937-1943); company manager (Pymble, 1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954-1980)

===''BROCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Edward Earl Brock|Brock, Hector Edward Earl]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VQL-BTC] - 1902(Vic)-1962(SA) - Licences: 3ZC Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924); 5DP Adelaide  (North Adelaide, 1924-1927; Malvern, 1927-1938); 5UZ Adelaide (Fullarton, 1954-1956; Nailsworth, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 25, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; University of Adelaide (Demonstrator &amp; Technical Assistant, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1924); no occupation (Malvern, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BROINOWSKI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leopold Thomas Broinowski|Broinowski, Leopold Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6FR-SMR] - 1871(Vic)-1937(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Hobart Mercury, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1914-1937)

===''BROOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilberforce Henry Liddon Brooke|Brooke, Wilberforce Henry Liddon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB61-69T] - 1891(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Terrigal (1930-1936); 2BR Dora Creek (1937-1939, 1946-1958); 2BR Paterson (1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 638, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Jerry's Plains, 1930; Terrigal, 1931-1937; Dora Creek, 1954-1958; Paterson, 1963-1968)
===''BROOKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Brookes|Brookes, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSJ-GV6] - 1911(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BA Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, 1938-1939; Wooloowin, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1641, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1954); waterside Worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1958)

===''BROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Milton Brooks|Brooks, Albert Henry Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT1Q-DVK] - 1901(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5KG Adelaide (Grange, 1933-1939; Croydon, 1946-1960+); 5AH Adelaide (Ridleton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1170, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Croydon, 1939); railway employee (Croydon, 1941-1943) - Relationships: likely related to 7JB John Vickery Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks
* [[/John Vickery Brooks|Brooks, John Vickery &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHXL-RK8] - 1905(SA)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 37, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer; originally from Adelaide - Relationships: likely related to 5KG Albert Henry Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart South, 1928; Malvern, Vic, 1954-1980)

===''BROOMHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Broomhall|Broomhall, Charles Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7NZ-2SV] - 1891(Vic)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 729, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geraldton, 1916); mechanic (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925; Canning Bridge, 1931-1937; Applecross, 1943-1954); retired (Bickley, 1958-1963)

===''BROWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan George Brown|Brown, Alan George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G849-43Y] - 1909(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3CX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1937; Upper Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Canterbury, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 446, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931); public servant (Auburn, 1936-1937); RAAF (St Kilda North, 1943); civil servant (Auburn, 1949); clerk (Deepdene, 1954; Camberwell North, 1963-1968)
* [[/Alan Weymouth Brown|Brown, Alan Weymouth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSKH-1N5] - 1902(Tas)-1938(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Listeners' League, Hobart (assistant secretary); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Assistant Secretary, Listeners' League, Hobart, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Alfred Louis Brown|Brown, Alfred Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQV-4SS] - 1885(Eng)-1971(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as general manager, 5CL, SA) - Electoral Rolls: instrument maker (Claremont, WA, 1910); optician (Applecross, 1916-1917); director (Kew, Vic, 1926); engineer (Cottesloe, 1936-1937)
* [[/Bruce Kevin Brown|Brown, Bruce Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S4-CV1] - 1920(Tas)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 7QZ Launceston (1937-1939); 2AQZ Sydney (Meadowbank, 1954-1969; Annangrove, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1942, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 303, 1940; 1COCP 492, 1941; TVOCP 1014, 1968 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Meadowbank, 1943-1968); technician (Annangrove, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Clarence Roy Brown|Brown, Clarence Roy]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - founder of 5KA Class B Adelaide; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 5KA, SA) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Clifford Walter Brown|Brown, Clifford Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCV5-M8M] - 1906(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6CB Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 640, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Subiaco, 1931-1937); traveller (Nedlands, 1943-1963); business manager (Wembley, 1968); manager (Morley, 1972; Dianella, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Makepeace Brown|Brown, Frank Makepeace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H5-2M5] - 1911(WA)-2006(WA) - Licences: 6FB Mullewa (1939; 1946-1948); 6FB Bassendean (1954-1960); 6FB Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969; Rossmoyne, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 2375, 1939, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Northam, 1936; Bassendean, 1943); civil servant (Mullewa, 1949); telephone technician (Bassendean, 1954-1963); civil servant (Doubleview, 1968-1972); telephone technician (Rossmoyne, 1977-1980)
* [[/George D. Brown|Brown, George D.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-JFD] - 1875(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DB Brisbane (Ascot, Qld, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1970, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous GBs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Percy Brown|Brown, Harry Percy &quot;Horsepower&quot;, &quot;Poo Bah&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1R8-R1W] - 1878(Eng)-1967(NSW) - senior federal public servant (Director-General, Posts and Telegraphs); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Secretary, PMGD) - Links: [[w:Harry Brown (public servant)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brown-sir-harry-percy-5384 ADB]; [https://telegramsaustralia.com/Forms/Special%20developments/People/Brown.html Telegrams Australia]
* [[/Hector Mervyn Brown|Brown, Hector Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9TY-HSC] - 1906(NSW)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5MB Adelaide (Torrensville, 1927-1928; Southwark, 1931-1933, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 345, 1927, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 402 1932; 1COCP 333, 1933) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BH, 1937), PMGD SA (mechanic, retired 1940) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1937), engineer (Thebarton, 1941-1943)
* [[/Herbert George Brown|Brown, Herbert George &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5BH-NGV] - 1887(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4BH Booval (1928-1930); 4HG Booval (1931); 4HG Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 4BH Brisbane (Graceville, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 455, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (Ipswich); railways employee - Callsign: withdrawn for 4BH Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ipswich, Qld, 1925; Redbank, Qld, 1929)
* [[/Herbert Rufus Brown|Brown, Herbert Rufus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HL-T23] - 1894(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3NN Receive Yanac (1923); 3NN Yanac (1924-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 271, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Yanac, 1919-1977)
* [[/J. R. Brown|Brown, J. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Southport (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James McGladdery Brown|Brown, James McGladdery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW18-TCK] - 1882(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4BJ Aramac (1929-1933); 4BJ Rockhampton (1937); 4BJ Bundaberg (1947-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 480, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: porter (Rockhampton, 1905); station master (Finch Hatton, 1913); labourer (Mackay, 1919);  motor car proprietor (Baralaba, Mt Morgan, 1925); guard (Aramac, 1928-1937); retired (Maryborough, 1954-1963; Ascot, 1963) - Relationships: father of Victor James Caldwell Brown, the likely actual amateur operator
* [[/John Henry Shadwell Brown|Brown, John Henry Shadwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-7M4] - 1897(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2JK Sydney (Botany, 1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 926, 1926; 1COCP 154, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Botany, 1930-1958)
* [[/Joseph Brown|Brown, Joseph &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQH2-YSM] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Hobart (Battery Point, 1934-1939; New Town, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1255, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 5, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (7ZL, Hobart TV); public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Battery Point, 1936-1937); civil servant (New Town, 1943-1972)
* [[/Leonard Austin Brown|Brown, Leonard Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX21-FFX] - 1915(Vic)-1957(SA) - Licences: 3OP Melbourne (Camberwell, 1931-1933); 5OP Adelaide (Eastwood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 814, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, Vic, 1936; Eastwood, SA, 1939; Unley Park, SA, 1941)
* [[/Robert Brown|Brown, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart Central, 1919; Moonah, 1928); fitter (Hobart North, 1958)
* [[/Victor James Caldwell Brown|Brown, Victor James Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBKS-2T7] - 1907(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - Qualifications: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: wardsman (Aramac, 1928); guard (Aramac, 1930); baker (Rockhampton, 1936); radio mechanic (Barcaldine, 1943; Bundaberg, 1949-1963) - Relationships: son of James McGladdery Brown - note electoral roll addresses for Victor James precisely align with 4BJ addresses whereas those for James McGladdery do not
* [[/William Francis Brown|Brown, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-4DL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BB Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3BB Melbourne (Richmond, 1937); 9BB Wau, New Guinea (1938); 2ANP Sydney (Bundeena, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 704, 1930, Vic; 2COCP 92, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Richmond, 1937) - Comment: many contemporaneous WFBs

===''BROWNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Vincent Browne|Browne, Robert John Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLZ-BY6] - 1907(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4RB Brisbane (Toowong, 1925-1939; New Farm, 1946-1956; Dorrington, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 92, 1925, No. 10 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Clevedon, 4QN, 1943); technician (New Farm, 1949-1954); teacher (Dorrington, 1958-1968)

===''BROWNLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Frank Brownless|Brownless, Sidney Frank &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-M5S] - 1915(Eng)-1995(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); military (WW2, RAF, radar research); clubs &amp; societies (IREE); author (&quot;The Sharing of Television Channels&quot;, ABCB, 1973 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Albert Park, 1954-1980)

===''BRUCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Bruce|Bruce, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPX-XN9] - 1913(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5GB Adelaide (Prospect, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1925, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Arthur Bruce|Bruce, Robert Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR18-SKL] - 1900(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5BJ Adelaide (Glenelg, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 357, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenelg, 1939-1943)
* [[/Robert William Bruce|Bruce, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTC-Z1J] - 1899(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926-1928; East Malvern, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 283, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1926; Malvern East, 1931-1967)

===''BRUNSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Thomas Brunsden|Brunsden, Herbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NR-JJR] - 1909(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: 2BX Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 649, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 258, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Leichhardt, 1930-1937) - Comment: Gone too soon

===''BRYCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ramsay Auld Bryce|Bryce, Ramsay Auld]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH9T-FL2] - 1914(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AB Ipswich (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4AB Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1954-1969); 4AC Portable Ipswich (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1935, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (North Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio serviceman (North Ipswich, Qld, 1943); theatre proprietor (Palm Beach, Qld, 1949); showman (Palm Beach, Qld, 1954-1958); projectionist (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1972)

===''BRYSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royal William Bryson|Bryson, Royal William &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ9P-5KJ] - 1886(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: XJJ Melbourne (Richmond, 1913); 3JM Receive Melbourne (Kew, 1922-1923); 3JM Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 50, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Richmond, 1914-1916); electrical fitter (Kew, 1919-1937); electrician (Croydon, 1943-1954)

===''BUCHANAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thomas Oswald Buchanan|Buchanan, Norman Thomas Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84K-B7C] - 1912(Qld)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 2NB Sydney (Manly, 1928-1939); 2ANB Sydney (Bondi, 1948; Kingsford, 1950); 3AND Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1954; Rosanna, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 466, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Manly, 1934-1935); sound engineer (Manly, 1936); engineer (North Sydney, 1943; Heidelberg, 1954-1963; Rosanna, 1968; Heidelberg, 1972; Rosanna, 1977); retired (Castlemaine, 1980)
===''BUCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hector Buck|Buck, Albert Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-PC3] - 1905(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3TM Receive Melbourne (Albert Park, 1923); 3TM Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1924-1926; Glenferrie, 1927; East Preston, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933-1937); 3TM Terang (1938-1939); 3TM Shepparton (1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 138, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: father of 3ZMX &amp; 3AAD Edwin David Buck, don't confuse with Albert Thomas Buck (Qld) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenferrie, 1927-1928); mechanic (Glenferrie, 1931; Hawthorn, 1937); electrician (Terang, 1943)
* [[/Albert Thomas Buck|Buck, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Z9K-CXG] - 1892(Eng)-1973(Eng) - Licences: 4CW Receive Brisbane (Geebung, 1923); 4CW Brisbane (Geebung, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 281, 1926, No. 24 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Kedron, 1931-1934); wireless mechanic (Summer Hill, 1933) - don't confuse with 3TM Albert Hector Buck
* [[/Edwin David Buck|Buck, Edwin David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNC-4JQ] - 1929(Vic)-2010(Vic) - 3ZMX Melbourne (Thornbury, 1965-1969, 3AAD Melbourne (Thornbury, 1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), son of 3TM Albert Hector Buck
===''BUCKERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Buckerfield|Buckerfield, Sidney Roy &quot;Buck&quot; &amp; &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGS-S7N] - 1904(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5DA Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5DA Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Evandale, 1928-1931; Knoxville, 1933-1939; St Morris, 1947-1948+); 5DA Crystal Brook (1954-1956); 5DA Adelaide (Brighton Gardens, 1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 32, 1924, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 163, 1938; 1COCP 1557, 1950 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (5DN, 5CK, 5DR, 5AN, 5ABCFM); public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Knoxville, 1939)

===''BUGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Robert Bugg|Bugg, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-Q8K] - 1918(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 11, 1936, Vic -  - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Geelong, 1942)

===''BUILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Builder|Builder, Geoffrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM6S-FBL] - 1906(WA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - physicist; radio engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: observer (Magnetic Observatory, Watheroo, 1931; physicist (Haberfield, 1935; Ashfield, 1937; Burwood, NSW, 1943-1958) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/builder-geoffrey-9617 ADB]

===''BULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Bull|Bull, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB9W-CFP] - 1904(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4MA Brisbane (Fairfield, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1674, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Stones Corner, Qld, 1926-1928; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1934; Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); military forces (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1963)
* [[/J. F. Bull|Bull, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FH Mackay (-1949-1967+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), associate member I.R.E. Aust.
===''BULLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Bulling|Bulling, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Y9-S95] - 1914(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5KX Adelaide (Grange, 1935-1939; Kirkcaldy, 1947-1954; Kings Park, 1955-1975); 5KX Wasleys (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1527, 1935, SA; BOCP 166, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Kirkcaldy, 1939-1943)

===''BULLIVANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Bullivant|Bullivant, William Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJK-X8B] - 1908(NSW)-1985(NSW) - 2PR Receive Albury (1923-1924), 2WB Albury (1925-1930), 2WB West Wyalong (1931-1934), 2BC Sydney (Bondi, 1946-1950; Bellevue Hill, 1954-1969; Kingsford, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 167, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 319, 1940), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk (West Wyalong, 1932), telegraphist (Bondi, 1943), supervisor (Waverley, 1954; Bellevue Hill, 1963; Kingsford, 1980))
===''BULLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Frederick Wright Bullock|Bullock, Albert Frederick Wright &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4K-44G] - 1900(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ZX Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1933-1939, 1946-1954; Camp Hill, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1109, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (East Brisbane, Qld, 1925); storeman (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BUNTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Bunton|Bunton, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGWV-YFR] - 1872(Eng)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Mosman, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Mosman, 1930-1954)

===''BURBIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Arthur Burbidge|Burbidge, Philip Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-7JL] - 1910(Eng)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 3PB Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1931); 2PB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 456, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant manager (Camberwell, 1934); manager (Bellevue Hill, 1943)
===''BURBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Alfred Burbury|Burbury, Eric Alfred]] - 1894(Tas)-1976(NSW) - early wireless experimenter (Tasmania, unlicensed?), ship wireless operator (1910s), broadcast engineer (AWA, Koo-we-rup; 2FC, chief engineer), brother of Harry Keith Burbury
* [[/Harry Keith Burbury|Burbury, Harry Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - 1897(Tas)-1986(NSW) - engineer (PMGD), brother of Eric Alfred Burbury

===''BURCHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Burchill|Burchill, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-8PF] - 1894(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4EM Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1925; Surry Hills, NSW, 1930); fitter (Long Bay Camp, NSW, 1933; Surry Hills, NSW, 1934-1936; Harbord, NSW, 1937); watchman (Maroubra, NSW, 1943-1949)

===''BURFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Patrick Burford|Burford, Walter Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHM2-CD9] - 1912(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 5PB Naracoorte (1934-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1365, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BURGESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Thomas Burgess|Burgess, George Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W5-N95] - 1913(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5GC Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939; Henley Beach, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1233, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Henley, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas William Watkins Burgess|Burgess, Thomas William Watkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDZP-X1R] - 1861(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: XDA Wagga Wagga (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Wagga Wagga, 1901-1903)

===''BURGOYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Burgoyne|Burgoyne, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-1VS] - 1876(Wales)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (VIY, 1913-?); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, South Townsville, 1919); postmaster (Concord, 1930); public servant (Homebush, 1930); postmaster (Homebush, 1933; Strathfield, 1935; Inverell, 1936; Bondi North, 1943)

===''BURING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rudolph Buring|Buring, Rudolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L51C-YVT] - 1906(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 7AX Receive Hobart (1922-1923); Receive Hobart (1923-1924); 7RB Hobart (1925-1933); 3RB Melbourne (Ballarat, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 102, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 166, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electronics engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: university demonstrator (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Sale, 1936; Ballarat, 1936-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1972)

===''BURMESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Conrad Burmester|Burmester, Otto Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWN-7VX] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4OB Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1158, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 31, 1935; 1COCP 46, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (Toowong, Qld, 1943); PMG technician (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1980)
===''BURNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud Edward James Burns|Burns, Claud Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCLY-P7V] - 1893(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4ZY Kingaroy (1932-1939); 4ZY Innisfail (1946-1947); 4ZY Cairns (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 996, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: supervising technician (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''BURRAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Allan Burrage|Burrage, John Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCW4-SLS] - 1916(Vic)-1942(Ins) - Licences: 3UW Melbourne (Deepdene, 1934-1937), 3UW (Shepparton, 1938-1939) -  Qualifications: AOCP 1322, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 59, 1936; 1COCP 291, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (3SR), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Shepparton, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/burrage-john-allan-400643/]

===''BURROWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Owen Burrows|Burrows, Alan Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNZG-V74] - 1901(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio correspondent (Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney Sun); proprietor Miss F. V. Wallace (Wireless Shop), 1927-1933; president Waverley Radio Club - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Waverley, 1930-1933) - Comment: Gone too soon
* [[/Ernest Walter Burrows|Burrows, Ernest Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-YQ8] - 1900(WA)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 6DZ Geraldton (1924-1927); 2DZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 659, 1921; 1COCP 5, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: technical assistant (Canterbury, NSW, 1937-1949; Earlwood, 1954-1980)
* [[/Frederick Harold Burrows|Burrows, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-TKH] - 1894(Eng)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6BH Perth (Claremont, 1922-1924); 6BH Kalgoorlie (1925-1927); 6BF Perth (Beverley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 193, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1916; Claremont, 1922; Kalgoorlie, 1925); headmaster (Beverley, 1937; Subiaco, 1943-1958); retired (Subiaco, 1963-1972)
* [[/John Charles Fry Burrows|Burrows, John Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKZ-LJ8] - 1897(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: XJCD Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 251, 1916 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Kew, 1919-1931); representative (Bairnsdale, 1934); commercial (Kew, 1936-1937); superintendent (Caulfield, 1943-1954); manager (Toorak, 1963-1980)

===''BURTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Reg Burton|Burton, Arthur Reg]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-3HM] - 1899(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4FE Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1935-1936; City, 1937-1939; Highgate Hill, 1946-1948); 1FE Heard Island (1954-1955); 4FE Thursday Island (1955-1956); 4FE Normanton (1960); 4FE Labrador (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1563, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); broadcast technician; federal public servant (PMGD) - Relationships: Likely father of 4BM Arthur Henry Burton - Electoral Rolls: artist (Lutwyche, Qld, 1921); picture showman (Beenleigh, Qld, 1922-1926);  motor engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1931-1934; South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); radio engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943); diesel engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Labrador, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BUSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Talbot Busch|Busch, Reginald Talbot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ3-2P7] - 1907(Vic)-2005(Vic) - Licences: 3LS Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1923); 3LS Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1939; North Essendon, 1946-1969; Strathmore, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 157, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 286, 1936; 1AOCP 3, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; research engineer (1942) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); research engineer (Essendon, 1942-1968); research (Strathmore, 1972-1977)
===''BUSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Melville Bush|Bush, Albert Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBB7-DFN] - 1893(Vic)-1964(Vic) - 3YY Bendigo (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 197, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental apprentice (Bendigo, 1914-1919); dentist (Bendigo, 1922-1963)
===''BUSHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert William Bushby|Bushby, Thomas Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2G5-KTN] - 1900(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2TW Bulli (1927-1928); 2TW Sydney (Gladesville, 1929; Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1931-1933; Rose Bay, 1934; Bondi North, 1935-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 368, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 32, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1933); engineer (Rose Bay, 1934; Bellevue Hill, 1935; Bondi, 1936-1937; Kingsgrove, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Bexley, 1958-1963)

===''BUTCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Butcher|Butcher, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-77S] - 1912(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4EB Brisbane (Lutwyche, 1931-1933; Kedron, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 871, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937); teacher (Grange, Qld, 1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''BUTLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lloyd Butler|Butler, Alfred Lloyd &quot;Lloyd&quot;]] - Licences: 5BR Adelaide (Prospect, 1947); 5BR Murray Bridge (1948-1960); 5BR Adelaide (Panorama, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; historian (SA amateur, SA broadcast) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://users.tpg.com.au/ldbutler/index.htm Web]
* [[/Richard Edmund Butler|Butler, Richard Edmund &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQX1-ZPZ] - 1926(Vic)-2012(Vic) - Senior federal public servant (PMGD), Deputy General Secretary ITU 1983-1989, Secretary General ITU 1983-1989 [https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/ElectedOfficialBio.aspx?off=6]
===''BUTLER-WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bertie Saywell Butler-Wood|Butler-Wood, Bertie Saywell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXJ2-18J] - 1894(NSW)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4EJ Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (West End, Qld, 1919-1925); dentist (West End, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''BUTTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Butterfield|Butterfield, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L77T-FCW] - 1903(Eng)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6GW Perth (South Perth, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 906, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Northam, WA, 1925; South Perth, WA, 1931); radio engineer (South Perth, WA, 1936-1958); retired (South Perth, WA, 1977)

===''BUTTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Butters|Butters, William Leslie W.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2VQ7-BSV] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2WY Bermagui South (1928-1935); 2WY Sydney (Brooklyn, 1936-1938; Cronulla, 1939; Karuah, 1946-1947); 2WY Nambucca Heads (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 464, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fisheries inspector (Bermagui South, 1930; Brooklyn, 1936); clerk (Erskineville, 1943); retired (Nambucca Heads, 1949)

===''BUTTERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Butterworth|Butterworth, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLR-QDG] - 1910(NSW)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Wallsend (1929-1930); 2BU Wallsend (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 540, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wallsend, 1936-1958); manufacturer (Wallsend, 1963-1972); engineer (Rankin Park, 1977-1980)

===''BUZACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hardie Buzacott|Buzacott, Albert Hardie &quot;Hardie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7YK-QZ6] - 1914(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4UZ Toowoomba (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1242, 1934, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 260, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); radio operator (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Roma, Qld, 1949; Gympie, Qld, 1954-1972; Caloundra, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Richard Norman Buzacott|Buzacott, Richard Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ82-8ZL] - 1909(WA)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3RB Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1926; Burwood, 1931; Camberwell, 1933); 2TD Sydney (North Sydney, 1935-1936); 3TD Lubeck (1938-1939); 3TD Melbourne (Balwyn, 1946-1960); 3AUB Melbourne (Reservoir, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 298, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 61, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1931); broadcast engineer (North Sydney, 1934-1935); engineer (Camaray, NSW, 1936); broadcast engineer (Lubeck, 1937); wireless operator (Canterbury, 1943); technician (Canterbury, 1949-1954); engineer (Reservoir, 1963-1972)

=='''C'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''CAGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cagney|Cagney, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-9HV] - 1909(Qld)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Rockhampton (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1386, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Palings, piano tuner); associate I.R.E. Aust - Electoral Rolls: musical instrument worker (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1980)

===''CAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Cain|Cain, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MKN2-48M] - 1866(Isle of Man)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a/g superintendent, Central Mission, Wesley Church, Melbourne, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Mooroopna, 1903; North Melbourne, 1909-1913; Carlton, 1914-1919; Glenferrie, 1921-1924; Auburn, 1924-1927; Kew, 1928-1937)

===''CALDECOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry William Spencer Caldecott|Caldecott, Henry William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-K3M] - 1908(Canada)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 2SM Sydney (Manly, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928-1929; Manly, 1930-1931); 2DA Sydney (Manly, 1933-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 285, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 58, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Balgowlah, 1930-1968); engineer (Balgowlah, 1977-1980)- callsign 2SM withdrawn by PMGD for allocation to 2SM commercial broadcaster
===''CALDWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aleck Stewart Caldwell|Caldwell, Aleck Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5SS-6BB] - 1903(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley North, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver -  Comment: During 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Donald Pavy Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Black Forest, SA, 1939); assistant (Erindale, SA, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Donald Pavy Caldwell|Caldwell, Donald Pavy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVC2-5NT] - 1907(SA)-1959(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 29, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: amateur broadcaster but never held licence in his name, during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Aleck Stewart Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Clapham, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frank David Caldwell|Caldwell, Frank David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FQ9] - 1907(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2YF Sydney (Bondi, 1930-1936; Concord, 1937; Bondi, 1938-1939; Waverley, 1946-1969); 2YF Katoomba (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 587, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 404, 1938; BOCP 186, 1938  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: employee Clyde Engineering Works (Burwood, 1930); mechanic (Bondi, 1936-1937; Waverley, 1949-1958; Bronte, 1963-1968)
* [[/Robert Ballantyne Caldwell|Caldwell, Robert Ballantyne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2ZSH-LYB] - 1869(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: father of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell; brother of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: resident engineer (North Unley, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Rupert Christian Caldwell|Caldwell, Rupert Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W3-897] - 1893(Vic)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2YW Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1924); 2JO Sydney (Bondi Junction, 1928; Waverley, 1929-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1937; Bondi, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 415, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Waverley, 1930-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1936; Bondi Beach, 1937-1968); retired (Waverley, 1972; Bondi Beach, 1977; Malabar, 1980)
* [[/William Alexander Caldwell|Caldwell, William Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y4-P92] - 1881(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5DI Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: brother of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; uncle of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: nil (Glenelg, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CALETTI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guido Caletti|Caletti, Guido &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-NV5] - 1900(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922; Newtown, 1922); 2CL Sydney (Newtown, 1923; Redfern, 1924; Annandale, 1924-1926; Punchbowl, 1927-1929; Penrose, 1930); 2AHV Sydney (Hurstville, 1938-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 649, 1921 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Punchbowl, 1930); mechanic (Bankstown, 1933); telephone mechanic (Hurstville, 1937-1949)
===''CALLABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Callaby|Callaby, Clarence James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBQ-38C] - 1910(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1934); 3BI Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 546, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Concord, 1933-1935); chemist (Croydon, 1936-1937); industrial chemist (West Ryde, 1943-1958); company director (St Ives, 1963-1968); director (St Ives, 1972-1977)
===''CALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Victor Callick|Callick, Harold Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF4-P45] - 1898(Eng)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Herston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: surgical dresser (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1921-1925; Herston, Qld, 1937-1963; Alderley, Qld, 1943-1949; Herston, Qld, 1954-1958; Chermside, Qld, 1963); retired (Miami, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''CALLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival James Callow|Callow, Percival James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFB-TR6] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Albion, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Albion, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Glen Kedron, Qld, 1934; Kedron, Qld, 1936-1963); retired (Scarborough, Qld, 1968)

===''CAMERON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. R. Cameron|Cameron, A. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RC Adelaide (Leabrook, 1931-1938); 2AMK Sydney (Hunters Hill, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Milton Cameron|Cameron, Robert Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXL-HDJ] - 1907(Vic)-1985(SA) - Licences: 3OT Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1923); 3OT Melbourne (Malvern, 1924-1933); 2XV Sydney (Waverton, 1935; Cronulla, 1937-1939); 4CS Brisbane (Doomben, 1947; Archerfield, 1948); 3AC Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 112, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 87, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Malvern East, 1931-1934); aeradio operator (Cooktown, 1943); surveyor (Prahran, 1954)

===''CAMPBELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dallas Dwyer Campbell|Campbell, Dallas Dwyer]] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - 2KU? Receive Ulmarra (1922-23), 2CU Ulmarra (1924-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 5, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Douglas Gilmore Campbell|Campbell, Douglas Gilmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJBS-NDD] - 1888(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2JO Receive Kyogle (1922-1924), 2DG Kyogle (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 70, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Frank Valentine Campbell|Campbell, Frank Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-CGN] - 1901(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4GC George Alfred Campbell - Electoral Rolls: wireless expert (South Brisbane, Qld, 1926); mechanic (Kedron, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Kedron, Qld, 1934-1954); electrician (Haberfield, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Beacon Hill, NSW, 1968-1972)
* [[/Frederick Alexander Campbell|Campbell, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC4J-HG7] - 1849(Sct)-1930(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, South Yarra, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: director (Melbourne, 1903-1913; South Yarra, 1914-1919); chief executive (South Yarra, 1924-1928)
* [[/George Alfred Campbell|Campbell, George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-C21] - 1894(Eng)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4GC Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1937-1939, 1947-1960); 4GC Mermaid Beach (1965-1975); 4GC Brisbane (Annerley, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2014, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Frank Valentine Campbell - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West End, Qld, 1925-1926; South Brisbane, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Annerley, Qld, 1968-1972; Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1977)
* [[/James Campbell|Campbell, James]] - 1845(Sct)-1893(Vic) - proprietor of engineering business in Ballarat, politician in Victoria, Postmaster-General Victoria (Apr 1884 - Feb 1886)
* [[/Neville Douglas Campbell|Campbell, Neville Douglas or Douglas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G73C-WVG] - 1912(Tas)-2007(Tas) - Licences: 7NC Hobart (City, 1932-1939, 1946-1956; Sandy Bay, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 993, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (New Town, 1943; Sandy Bay, 1949-1958)
* [[/Robert Campbell|Campbell, Robert]] - 1917(???)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4RC Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1180, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, treasurer, QSL officer) - Comment: numerous contemporaneous RCs - Electoral Rolls: Nile yet identified

===''CANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Fredrick Herrett Cannon|Cannon, Ronald Fredrick or Frederick Herrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7JW-T6L] - 1913(Tas)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7RC Wynyard (1932-1939); 3BRC Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 946, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 97, 1937; 1COCP 473, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; RAAFWR; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wynyard, 1936-1937); engineer (St Kilda, 1943); radio technician (Auburn, 1949; Hawthorn, 1954-1967); tv hirer (Hawthorn, 1968-1980)
===''CANSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathan Victor Charles Cansick|Cansick, Nathan Victor Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSJ-CXC] - 1907(Vic)-1968(NSW) - 3VE Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3AK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 139, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''CAREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Carey|Carey, Francis Joseph &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 18??-19?? -  X??, 4?? Toowoomba 1911-1914, 1922-1923, 2AMI Sydney (Centennial Park, 1933-1939; North Sydney 1946-1954; Fairfield 1955-1980) - amateur operator  (AOCP 1152, 1933, ?? in NSW) , radio club member (QWI), Halcyon: AOCP NSW 1925
* [[/John Thomas Carey|Carey, John Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Y9-TZ8] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 19, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (St Kilda, 1913; West End, Townsville, 1919)
===''CARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Lewis Carne|Carne, Ronald Lewis &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-N3M] - 1910(Fiji)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4RP Hambledon Mill via Cairns (1935); 4RP Innisfail (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1186, 1933, Qld; 3COCP 429, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, 1936-1937); cane inspector (Sherwood, Qld, 1943); assistant cane inspector (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, Qld, 1949-1954); cane inspector (Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1954-1958); manager (Harwood Mill, Harwood Island, NSW, 1963; Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1968); retired (Bowen, Qld, 1972)

===''CARPENTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Carpenter|Carpenter, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPR-BJS] - 1900(WA)-1956(France) - Licences: No known licence - Qualifications: AOCP 376, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Northam, 1925-1936); instructor (South Perth, 1943); firewood vendor (Whyalla, 1948); teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1954)
===''CARRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Carrie|Carrie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Glanville, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''CARTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Carter|Carter, Albert Edward &quot;Birdie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDL-5CB] - 1916(Qld)-2014(Qld) - Licences: 4LT Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 4LT Nanango (1954); 4LT Brisbane (Carina, 1955-1969); 4LT Sunshine Beach (1975); 4LT Tewantin (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2143, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); wholesale grocery (S. Hoffnung &amp; Co); WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AECs - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Nanango, Qld, 1954); departmental manager (Carina, Qld, 1958-1972); retired (Sunshine Beach, Qld, 1977; Tewantin, Qld, 1980))
* [[/Clarence Sydney William Carter|Carter, Clarence Sydney William]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5T1-TXL] - 1902(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Kensington, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Maylands, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 24, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Glen Osmond, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frederick Pell Carter|Carter, Frederick Pell or Peel (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-2BC] - 1899(NSW)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5GK Adelaide (Mile End, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 761, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service station proprietor (Mile End, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/H. Carter|Carter, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Graceville, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Numerous contemporaneous HCs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Raymond Carter|Carter, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9G5-KJT] - 1911(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2HC Quirindi (1926-1939; 1946-1980+); 2BE Portable Quirindi (1933-1934); 2AI Portable Quirindi (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 286, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Quirindi, 1933-1980) - Callsign 2BE withdrawn by PMGD for 2BE Bega commercial

===''CARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Carty|Carty, Bruce]] - historian (broadcast, amateur broadcast), author &quot;Australian Radio History&quot;

===''CASTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Castle|Castle, Clarence Henry &quot;Clarry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-7GR] - 1915(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5KL Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939); 5KL Darwin (1947-1948); 5KL Adelaide (Enfield Heights, 1954-1965; Enfield, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1209, 1933, SA; 2COCP 263, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CASWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Harold Caswell|Caswell, Archibald Harold &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-Y3X] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) -  Licences: 4CB Murgon (1934-1939); 4CB Maryborough (1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1340, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (POW); business proprietor (garage) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Maryborough, Qld, 1954-1972); retired (Torquay, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''CATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lester Evans Catford|Catford, Lester Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDD8-RCB] - 1911(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LC Gladstone (1931-1939, 1947); 5LC Adelaide (Malvern, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 789, 1931, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 357, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Lance Maynard Catford|Catford, Lance Maynard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQR-K2W] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5XL Clare (1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2372, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: share farmer (Clare, SA, 1939)

===''CAVANAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Mortimer Cavanagh|Cavanagh, William Mortimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-GPH] - 1908(Vic)-1995(NSW) - Receive Warburton (1923-1924), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925), 2WC Sydney (Potts Point, 1928), 2WC Goulburn (1930), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Williamstown, 1937-1939), 2WC Wauchope (1946-1980+), qualifications: (AOCP 214, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 598, 1942), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2, electoral rolls: sales (Goulburn, 1930; St Kilda, 1931-1934), radio dealer (Wauchope, 1949-1980)
===''CAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Cave|Cave, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB7-G73] - 1898(Eng?)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1925-1926); operator of Wills &amp; Co Receive licence 1924 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 129, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAF Wireless Operator); foundation member Tasmanian Gliding Club (instructor); returned to England 1931; likely Wing Commander RAF in WW2; possibly lost in SE Asia 1942 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CAWTHRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Cawthron|Cawthron, Edward Joseph &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBH-9SX] - 1908(NSW)-1964(SA) - Licences: 2JC Sydney (Concord, 1926-1933; Neutral Bay, 1931; Concord, 1933; Five Dock, 1933); 2VA Sydney (City, 1931); 2EJ Sydney (City, 1931); 5JC Adelaide (Kent Town, 1937-1939); 5JE Adelaide (Somerton, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954; Somerton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 308, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Haberfield, 1943)

===''CECIL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clyde Cecil|Cecil, Clyde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN5-XYG] - 1898(Vic)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6AB Kalgoorlie (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 154, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener, Kalgoorlie) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Kalgoorlie, 1919); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, 1921-1925; Maylands, 1928-1937); metallurgist (Nedlands, 1943); physicist (Nedlands, 1949-1954); school principal (Triggs Island, 1958-1963)

===''CHADWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Howel Chadwick|Chadwick, Richard Howel (Electoral Rolls) or Howell (BMD) &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3PQ-6HH] - 1896(NZ)-1955(Qld) - Licences: 4GU Brisbane (Wilston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1197, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (travelling salesman) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Zillmere, Qld, 1921); salesman (Wilston, Qld, 1925-1954)

===''CHAFFER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Martin Chaffer|Chaffer, Edward Martin &quot;Martin&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1Z-B3P] - 1905(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3XF Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1927); 6XF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1933); 2AEK Sydney (Potts Point, 1938); 3MH Hamilton (1947); 3MH Ballarat (1948); 3MH Swan Hill (1954); 3MH Melbourne (Preston, 1955-1956; Moonee Ponds, 1965-1969; Doncaster, 1975-1980) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 354, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 304, 1937; 2COCP 113, 1937; 1COCP 151, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic Essendon, treasurer, 1924), placed 2nd for best complete station Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1924; placed second for best complete station at Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1925; placed 10th in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926; broadcast engineer (3HA, 3BA, 3SH), Dept Civil Aviation 1930s, military (WW2, 1942+) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1936); radio engineer (Hamilton, 1942; Ballarat, 1949; Swan Hill, 1954; Preston, 1963); radio technician (Moonee Ponds, 1967-1968); retired (Doncaster, 1977-1980) - Relationships: father of 3AII Ken Chaffer

===''CHALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Robert Challen|Challen, Peter Robert]] - 1848(Eng)-1905(Vic) - early telephone, telephony &amp; wireless experimenter, employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Electrical Office &amp; Postmaster), radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), associate of Henry Walter Jenvey, William Philip Bechervaise &amp; George Smibert
===''CHALLENDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard Challender|Challender, Gerard &quot;Gerry&quot;]] - 1910(Eng)-1950(NSW) - 2ZS Kempsey, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, high profile participation 1950 Kempsey floods, military (WW2)
===''CHALLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Reginald Challenger|Challenger, George Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3YQ-ZZB] - 1902(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: 2GC Sydney (Auburn, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Auburn, 1930-1935)

===''CHAMBERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rupert Chambers|Chambers, Francis Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYY2-JKX] - 1898(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 247, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Camberwell, 1924-1925); contractor (Geraldton, 1931; Mt Waverley, 1934-1936); linesman (Seaford, 1937; Frankston, 1942); technician (Frankston, 1949; Seaford, 1954); retired (Upwey, 1963; McRae, 1968)
* [[/Walter Alfred Chambers|Chambers, Walter Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3N6-VX1] - 1889(Qld)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 151, 1915; 2COCP 100, 1930; 1COCP 96, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Thursday Island, 1912-1913); radio telegraphist (Wyndham, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Subiaco, 1917); radio telegraphist (Esperance, 1921-1925); officer-in-charge (Geraldton, 1925); radio officer (Como, 1931-1934; Esperance, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Como, 1943-1968)

===''CHANDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Beals Chandler|Chandler, John Beals]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HN-HXH] - 1887(Eng)-1962(Qld) - principal (4BC); proprietor (J. B. Chandler &amp; Co., 1913-1962); Lord Mayor Brisbane (1940-1952); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - don't confuse D. W. Chandler early wireless experimenter - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chandler-sir-john-beals-9724 ADB]
===''CHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Channon|Channon, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BO Receive Inverell (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Lloyd Lister Channon|Channon, Lloyd Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD59-4NS] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Receive Manilla (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Elsmore, 1913); postal official (Raymond Terrace, 1930-1949)

===''CHAPMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Chapman|Chapman, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZYW-3F4] - 1864(NSW)-1926(NSW) - occupations (apprentice saddler, hotelier), politician (Postmaster-General, 1905-1907), oversight of Commonwealth Wireless Telegraphy conference Melbourne 1907 - Links: [[w:Austin Chapman|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chapman-sir-austin-5554 ADB]
* [[/Bruce Amundsen Chapman|Chapman, Bruce Amundsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VL-575] - 1912(WA)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BA Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1958; St Ives, 1960-1969 - Qualifications: AOCP 696, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shipping clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1937); clerk (Balgowlah, 1949-1958; St Ives, 1963-1968)
* [[/E. B. Chapman|Chapman, E. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank William Chapman (Qld)|Chapman, Frank William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC5-KB3] - 1898(???)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4XL Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939); 4ZFC Brisbane (Ekibin, 1965); 4TH Brisbane (Ekibin, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 785, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Salisbury, Qld, 1928); labourer (Yeronga, Qld, 1929-1937); waterside worker (Paddington, Qld, 1943-1949); PMG technician (Ekibin, Qld, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frank William Chapman (WA)|Chapman, Frank William (WA)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBXD-TFK] - 1918(Vic)-1988(WA) - Licences: 6CC Perth (Manning Park, 1954-1965; Bassendean, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3319, 1953, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Chidlow, WA, 1949); teacher (Manning Park, WA, 1954-1963); technical school principal (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1963); teacher (Bassendean, WA, 1968-1977); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1980)
* [[/Harrison Chapman|Chapman, Harrison &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-2C5] - 1909(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3JX Receive Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1922); 3GU Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1929-1939, 1946-1965; Flinders, 1965-1975); 3AGU Portable Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1948-1956; Flinders, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 513, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1AOCP 32, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Ivanhoe, 1931-1936); chemist (Geelong, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942; Ivanhoe, 1949-1954); chemical engineer (Ivanhoe, 1963); minister of religion (Flinders, 1968); clergyman (Flinders, 1972-1977)
* [[/Owen George Chapman|Chapman, Owen George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8YX-YLK] - 1904(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2OC Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 669, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wyong, 1930-1958)
* [[/Percival Carnew Lamont Chapman|Chapman, Percival Carnew Lamont &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-5M8] - 1911(Qld)-2008(Qld) - 4PC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1933); 4PC Babinda (1937-1939); 4PC Monto (1946-1975); 4PC Point Vernon (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1155, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); occupation (power house engineer/manager) - Relationships: father of Geoff Chapman 4CET - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1943; Monto, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Point Vernon, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Chapman|Chapman, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZ2X-8KG] - 1890(Tas)-1957(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 116, 1915; 1COCP 63, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal wireless operator; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1925); officer-in-charge (Radio Station Applecross, 1931-1954)

===''CHAPPELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Arthur Chappell|Chappell, Lloyd Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69G-SB9] - 1911(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7LC Ross (1936-1937); 7LC Winnaleah (1938-1939); 7LC Hobart (Kingston, 1947-1955; Sandy Bay, 1956-1975; Coles Bay, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1828, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 172, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ross, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Queenstown, 1943; Kingston, 1949-1958)

===''CHARLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Charles|Charles, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QC-V3V] - 1916(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5YQ Adelaide (North Unley, 1935-1939; Unley, 1947-1948; Ascot Park, 1954-1956; Hyde Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1443, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Unley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CHARLESWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Denison Charlesworth|Charlesworth, Reginald Denison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW1M-CKJ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2CI Receive Sydney (Haberfield, 1922); 2CI Sydney (Haberfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: migrated to Fiji mid 1920s, returned to Australia mid 1930s - Electoral Rolls: factory manager (Summer Hill, 1933); engineer (Haberfield, 1935-1937); Lane Cove, 1943); radio engineer (Dee Why, 1949-1954); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1958-1972)

===''CHARTERIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Charteris|Charteris, Michael]] - 4QS Ipswich &amp; Maryborough - amateur operator, historian (amateur)

===''CHATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Greatham Chatfield|Chatfield, Robert Greatham &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK92-9L1] - 1900(NZ)-1974(NZ) - Licences: ZL2AV Wellington (1925-1954+) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 1925, No. ?? in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clubs (Wellington Amateur Radio Club 2WB, member and one time president) - Relationships: father of Don Chatfield ZL2SG - Comment: substantial early portion (100+) of QSL collection survives - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wellington, 1922); salesman (Wellington, 1931-1954); retired (Wellington, 1963-1972)
===''CHATTERTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Chatterton|Chatterton, Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZWW-952] - 1902(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: 7AY Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Hobart, 1925-1928)
===''CHAUVEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Temple Frank Chauvel|Chauvel, Walter Temple Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH5T-WNQ] - 1902(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Stanthorpe (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1925-1928); grazier (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1928-1943); radio engineer (Texas, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (East Ballina, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''CHEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Reginald Cheel|Cheel, Charles Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N1J-PTC] - 1890(Vic)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5CR Adelaide (Maylands, 1934-1939, 1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1278, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CHENNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Chennell|Chennell, Victor &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBH-1XV] - 1907(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5JH Adelaide (Norwood, 1927-1933; Cowandilla, 1937-1939; North Adelaide, 1946-1956; Ascot Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 346, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer? (Goodwood Park, 1939)

===''CHESSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chessell|Chessell, John or John Carl]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN16-XWP]? [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2M1-9GS]? - 1914(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2LV Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1929-1934); 2YU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1935-1936; Ashfield, 1937-1939); 2ER Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 517, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Croydon, 1936; Bowral, 1937-1954) - seems to be two contemporaneous John Chessel's
===''CHESTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Chesterfield|Chesterfield, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVH-3SK] - 1895(Vic)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Wayville, 1924-1926); 2ACQ Sydney (Strathfield, 1937-1939); 4HJ Brisbane (Cleveland, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 23, 1914; 1COCP 266, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Croydon, NSW, 1930); radio engineer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1931-1935); department manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1935); radio engineer (Strathfield, 1936; Pymble, NSW, 1943; Cleveland, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''CHICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Garth Chick|Chick, Leonard Garth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SW-7PJ] - 1918(Tas)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 7LG Launceston (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1973, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 227, 1939; 2COCP 550, 1941; 1COCP 1264, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Swan Point, 1944); aeradio operator (Lindisfarne, 1949); technician (Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954); draftsman (East Keilor, 1963-1968); surveyor (Forster, 1977-1980)
===''CHILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Oliver Chilton|Chilton, Frederick Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-XFL] - 1905(NSW)-2007(NSW)102yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Wahroonga, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 147, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur receive operator; military (Brigadier); awards (Knighted) - Relationships: brother of 2RC Robert Ralph Chilton - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1943); civil servant (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1967); retired (Clareville Beach, NSW, 1972-1980) - Links: [[w:Frederick Oliver Chilton|Wikipedia]]
* [[/George Frederick Chilton|Chilton, George Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3CR-41Q] - 1891(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 2GF Sydney (Pennant Hills, 1924; Carlingford, 1925); 4GD Townsville (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 160, 1915; 1COCP 10, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal operator (VIG, VIB, VIS, VIT, Rockbank); wireless telegraphist (PMG); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917); federal public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1919-1921); radio stationmaster (South Townsville, Qld, 1925; Glenferrie, 1927; Wireless Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1942); engineer (St Kilda, 1949-1954)
* [[/Robert Ralph Chilton|Chilton, Robert Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-821] - 1907(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1925-1926); 2RC Gloucester (1927); 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1928-1939, 1946-1947; Roseville East, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 152, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist assistant (Wahroonga, 1933); chemist (Stanthorpe, 1954-1963; Sherwood, Qld, 1972) - Relationships: brother of Frederick Oliver Chilton

===''CHINERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jessie Camelia Chinery|Chinery or Chinnery, Jessie Camelia]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMP-6NZ] - 1915(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6JC Perth (Welshpool, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1866, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: not stated (Welshpool, WA, 1937) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''CHIPPINDALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Kellett Chippindall|Chippindall, Eric Kellett &quot;Chippy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFCB-MNZ] - 1916(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939); 4XR Gympie (1946-1969); 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1940, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4SB, 4BU, 4LG, 4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1949); announcer-engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1954-1958); shopkeeper (Paddington, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''CHISHOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham St Clair Chisholm|Chisholm, Graham St Clair]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX47-TTR] - 1915(Qld)-2002(WA) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933); 3ACG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1947-1948); 5PG Darwin (1955-1956); 1AB Canberra (Canberra City, 1960; Ainslie, 1965); 6IB Perth (Dalkeith, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1101, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 18, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (3SR, Shepparton, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1954); broadcaster (Reid, ACT, 1958; Ainslie, ACT, 1963; Dalkeith, WA, 1968-1972); manager (Nedlands, 1977-1980)

===''CHITHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Chitham|Chitham, William Norman &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-KJK] - 1912(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4UU Brisbane (Bulimba, 1933-1934; Fortitude Valley 1937-1939; Cannon Hill, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 913, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor, QSL officer); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; military (WW2) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cannon Hill, 1949-1963); buyer (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''CHRISMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Chrismas|Chrismas, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YC-FC2] - 1892(NSW)-1950(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 250, 1916; 1COCP 31, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916); wireless operator (Wyndham, 1917; Applecross, 1925); radio telegraphist (Broome, 1931; Geraldton, 1936-1949)

===''CLAFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keighran James Claffey|Claffey, Keighran James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84R-LLP] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AK Deniliquin (1928-1939); 2AK Picton (1946); 2AK Deniliquin (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 459, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarrandale, 1949; Deniliquin, 1954; Yarrandale, 1958-1963); retired (Deniliquin, 1977-1980)
===''CLARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Clark|Clark, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-CJH] - 1903(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3FC Rainbow (1928); 3FC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933; Elwood, 1937; St Kilda, 1938); 3FC Mildura (1946-1947); 3FC Ouyen (1948-1960); 3FC Geelong (Leopold, 1969; Clifton Springs, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 426, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal official (Rainbow, 1925); postal clerk (Rainbow, 1928); clerk (St Kilda, 1931-1937); senior postal clerk (Red Cliffs, 1942); postmaster (Ouyen, 1949-1954); retired (Clifton Springs, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank P. R. Clark|Clark, Frank P. R.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFG-WRN] - 1900(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924); 2YF Sydney (Manly, 1925) - Qualifications: AOCP 122, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: gone too soon
* [[/Leopold Francis Clark|Clark, Leopold Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273Q-3D5] - 1902(Tas)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7CK Natone (1932-1939); 7CK Burnie (1946-1948); Deloraine (1954-1969); Lanena (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 989, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Natone, 1928-1936; Burnie, 1943-1949); grazier (Needles, 1954; Deloraine, 1963)
===''CLARKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Fraser Clarke|Clarke, Percival Fraser &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ3-4J2] - 1896(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4PY Ayr (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1781, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jarvisfield, Qld, 1919-1937; Aspley, Qld, 1949-1972)
* [[/Warren Ross Clarke|Clarke, Warren Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NT-LSN] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Mosman,1930-1933; Asquith, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 650, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 6, 1934; 1COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Asquith, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1936); radio officer (Mosman, 1943); flight radio officer (Mosman, 1949-1954); clerk (Glenbrook, 1963); travel consultant (Glenbrook, 1972); clerk (Merrylands, 1972); planner (North Rocks, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Clarke|Clarke, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ2-1QS] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 32, 1930 - RANRS (temp Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: several contemporaneous WGCs - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Townsville, 1916); seaman (HMAS Encounter, Geelong, 1919); biograph operator (Langwarrin Military Camp, Vic, 1919); hotel manager (Naval Base Hotel, South Fremantle, 1931)

===''CLAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard George Clay|Clay, Richard George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZZ-LGN] - 1903(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RC Melbourne (Northcote, 1929; Alphington, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 536, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Northcote, 1925-1927); welder (Northcote, 1928); electric welder (Alphington, 1931); welder (Richmond, 1936-1937; Alphington, 1942; Northcote, 1949); contractor (Traralgon, 1954-1972) 
===''CLAYTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maisie Ian Jesson Clayton|Rawson nee Clayton, Maisie Ian Jesson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RT-25P] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 488, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio worker (Artarmon, 1937); engineer (Kirribilli, 1949); radio engineer (Lane Cove, 1954-1963); engineer (Lane Cove, 1968-1972); home duties (Lane Cove, 1977-1980) - Lady:
* [[/Maurice Charles Clayton|Clayton, Maurice Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86J-HX3] - 1912(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1930-1931); 5ZC Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 596, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon (24yo)
* [[/Walter George Gladstone Clayton|Clayton, Walter George Gladstone &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3XN-J1N] - 1918(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4WG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4WG Brisbane (Windsor, 1946-1969); 4WG Townsville (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1868, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF Signals); state public servant (Qld Railways, supervising tech. comms.) - Relationships: uncle of Maise Ian Jesson Rawson nee Clayton (Radio Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Windsor, 1954-1968); technician (Townsville, 1972-1980)

===''CLIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Cliff|Cliff, Harry]] - 1908(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HC Melbourne (Essendon, 1928-1948; Heidelberg, 1954-1975); 3HC Point Lonsdale (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 400, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: implement maker (Moonee Ponds, 1906); engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1928); clerk (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); company secretary (North Melbourne, 1943); director (Ivanhoe, 1954-1968; Heidelberg, 1972); retired (Point Lonsdale, 1977-1980) (pre 1928 is another Harry Cliff)
===''CLIFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Glendenning Clifford|Clifford, Herbert Glendenning]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTS-4CN] - 1882(Eng)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5BW Receive Renmark (1923); Receive Renmark (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Renmark, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CLINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gladstone Clinch|Clinch, Frederick Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5P-TWM] - 1898(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6JR Greenough (1928-1933); 6FG Miling (1960); 6FG Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 468, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Greenough, 1922-1943); garage proprietor (Miling, 1958); retired (Doubleview, 1963-1972) - Relationships: Father of 6CL Ian Harold Wilson Clinch
* [[/Ian Harold Wilson Clinch|Clinch, Ian Harold Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQX-YS1] - 1926(WA)-19??(WA) - Licences: 6CL Miling (1960-1965); 6CL Dandaragan (1969); 6CL Rossmoyne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3596, 1957 - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Leederville, 1949); manager (Miling, 1958-1963); radio technician (Dongara, 1968); technician (Rossmoyne, 1972-1980) - Relationships: son of 6JR-6FG Frederick Gladstone Clinch

===''CLOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alvin Theodore Closs|Closs, Alvin Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-HG7] - 1895(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: V750 Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922); 3GV Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Brighton, 1917); storekeeper (Olinda, 1924-1931); salesman (Olinda, 1934-1937); civil servant (Tunstall, 1943-1954); retired (Yarra Junction, 1963-1972)
===''CLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Edward Clough|Clough, James Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 483, 1929, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - several contemporaneous JECs

===''COADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Coade|Coade, Ernest]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rutherglen, 1914); mechanic (Thursday Island, 1919)
===''COAKLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas James Coakley|Coakley, Thomas James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX24-W7T] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: 5UK Adelaide (Unley, 1933-1939); 3IU Melbourne (Camberwell, 1947; Essendon, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1105, 1933, No. ?? in SA, 3COCP 61, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: aero fitter (Auburn, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1943; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1980)

===''COALTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Coalter|Coalter, Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSR-STB] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 1, 1914 - ship wireless operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''COATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Melbourne Coates|Coates, Alfred Melbourne or Melbourne Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-MCZ] - 1884(???)-1964(Vic) - Licences: V757 Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922); 3GG Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (USA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1921-1937; Kalorama, 1943-1954)

===''COFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Freeman Coffey|Coffey, Henry Freeman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3QL-BR1] - 1885(Irl)-1934(NSW) - Licences: 4KY Brisbane (Doomben, 1925-1926; Hamilton, 1927); 2ZY Sydney (Willoughby, 1929; Maroubra, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 52, 1915; 1COCP 12, 1930 - Halycyon: AOCP Brisbane 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless operator (Marconi, White Star, Booth Steamship, Iquitos Steamship, Union Castle); RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal operator (CRS, PMGD, AWA); federal public servant - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Middle Park, Vic, 1919); engineer (Malvern East, 1922-1924); radiostation master (Thursday Island, 1925); wireless operator (Doomben, Qld, 1925-1928); engineer (Chatswood, 1930); wireless mechanic (Maroubra, 1930-1934)

===''COHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derrick Cohen|Cohen, Derek or Derrick Simeon &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCF-DR7] - 1914(Eng)-2010(NSW) - Licences: 2YM Sydney (Dobroyd Point, 1932-1933; Kings Cross, 1933; Clovelly, 1934-1936); 4YM Brisbane (City, 1937-1939); 1YM Macquarie Island (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 238, 1930; AOCP 1011, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West End, Qld, 1943); technician (Coburg, Vic, 1954); television producer (Chatswood, NSW, 1963; Little Wallaby Beach, NSW, 1977)

===''COLEBATCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Vincent Colebatch|Colebatch, Ernest Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Q2-974] - 1905(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5CG Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Belair, SA, 1939-1941)

===''COLESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Russell Coleston|Coleston, Stanley Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-KQL] - 1913(Vic)-2012(Qld) - Licences: 3XK Melbourne (Middle Park, 1930-1931; Gardenvale, 1933; Glenhuntly, 1937-1939, 1946-1955); 9XK Port Moresby (1956-1960); 3AXK Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969); 4XA Brisbane (Geebung, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 688, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Glenhuntly, 1936-1942; Caulfield East, 1949-1954); public servant (Mt Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Geebung, 1977-1980)

===''COLLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Felton Collard|Collard, Cyril John Felton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97X9-6VY] - 1896(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2CF Maitland West (1927-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 362, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 540, 1941; BOCP 541, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lorn, 1930-1963); retired (North Maitland, 1968)
===''COLLINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Joseph Collins|Collins, Clarence Henry Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1Y1-GB1] - 1891(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5FC Adelaide (Marryatville, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1043, 1932, SA; BOCP 29, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Marryatville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''COLLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Andrew Collis|Collis, George Andrew]] - 1869(Tas)-1926(Tas) - Receive Hobart, radio clubs (Tasmanian Radio Club, foundation member, 1922+), electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1921) - potential misidentification, George Arthur Collis, Radio Research Club, Hobart, witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927
* [[/Ralph Collis|Collis, Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-48N] - 1918(WA)-2013(WA)105yo - Licences: 6LY Perth (Bayswater, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1454, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bayswater, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); proprietor (Cadoux, WA, 1963; Tuart Hill, WA, 1968); business proprietor (Dianella, WA, 1972-1977); proprietor (Bedford, WA, 1980)

===''COLTHEART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Coltheart|Coltheart, Clarence James]] - 1885(Tas)-1962(Tas) - Licences: 7BF Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, Vic, 1913-1914; Queenstown, 1922-1954)
===''COLTHRUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Colthrup|Colthrup, James Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBW8-J4Z] - 1908(Vic)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 3PL Melbourne (Clifton Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1368, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 374, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, Wireless &amp; Gunnery School) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1931); engineer (Clifton Hill, 1937); airman (Clifton Hill, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/623876]
===''COLVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Victor Colville|Colville, Sydney Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3WQ-S78] - 1894(Vic)-1966(NSW) - Licences: XQF Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913); 2FA Receive Sydney (1922); 2FA Sydney (1923-1925); 2VH Sydney (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wireless retail business proprietor (Colville Moore) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloongabba, 1917; Chelmer, 1919-1921); broker (Bowen Hills, 1922); manufacturer (Drummoyne, NSW, 1930-1933); merchant (Lane Cove, 1935-1936); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1936-1937); company director (Glenbrook, 1943-1963)

===''CONDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Sylvester Condon|Condon, Austin Sylvester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RG-K2K] - 1924(SA)-2011(SA) - Licences: 5WO Laura (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3012, 1949, SA - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil [https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/obituaries-tributes-to-three-of-our-finest/news-story/845c3a27d81fd8a8f4bbe436503a9b1e Obit]
===''CONDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Tasman Conder|Conder, Walter Tasman &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CJ-DTS] - 1888(Tas)-1974(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as General Manager, BCA, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Launceston, 1914); soldier (Langwarrin Military Camp, 1918-1921; Melbourne, 1924); secretarial (Melbourne, 1925-1928); entrepreneur (Melbourne, 1931-1937); secretary (Melbourne, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/conder-walter-tasman-5747 ADB]
===''CONGDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bert Congdon|Congdon, Bert &quot;Bertie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VVJ-CMW] - 1891(Vic)-1961(WA) - 6BA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923-1924), 6BC Perth (Subiaco, 1927-1939, 1946-1960), amateur operator (AOCP 382, 1927, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW1, civil servant (Subiaco, 1925-1958)
===''CONNELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dermot Anthony Connelly|Connelly, Dermot Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L5-2VC] - 1903(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3BU Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922); 3BU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925); 3ADK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1948; Ivanhoe, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Caulfield, 1927-1936); Air Force officer (St Kilda, 1937); nil (Frankston, 1949); photographer (Ivanhoe, 1954-1963)
===''CONNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilson Connon|Connon, George Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-8Z2] - 1907(Sct)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5KJ Booleroo (1937-1939); 5KJ Yunta (1947); 5KJ Alice Springs (1948-1954); 5KJ Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1955-1956); 5KJ Port Lincoln (1960); 5KJ Berri (1965-1969); 5KJ Barmera (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1991, 1937, SA; 2COCP 336, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pensioner (Millswood East, SA, 1939); bookkeeper (Port Augusta, SA, 1941-1948); radio technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1949-1954)

===''CONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emmett Bernard Connor|Connor, Emmett Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-L7Q] - 1913(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4CE Gindie (1936); 4OC Longreach (1956); 4OC Fernlees (1960); 4OC Brisbane (Aspley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; BOCP 280, 1940; 3COCP 5529, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing shed hand (Gindie, Qld, 1936); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Longreach, Qld, 1943-1949); business Manager (Cramsie, Longreach, Qld, 1954-1958); grazier (&quot;Ronnoc Downs&quot;, Fernlees, Qld, 1958-1963; Aspley, Qld, 1963-1977)
* [[/Laurance Kingsley Connor|Connor, Laurance Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2GD-KPT] - 1907(NSW)-1950(NSW) - 2LK Sydney (Belmore, 1925-1926), 2ALC Sydney (Lakemba, 1948; Cammeray, 1950), amateur operator (AOCP 68, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 881, 1925; 2COCP 199, 1930; 1COCP 220, 1939), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Stephen James Connor|Connor, Stephen James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH4J-FP4] - 1894(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 235, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1917); electrical engineer (Strathfield, NSW, 1930; Lismore, NSW, 1933); electrician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1934; Strathfield, NSW, 1936-1963); retired (Lapstone, NSW, 1972)
* [[/Terence Connor|Connor, Terence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-3DV] - 1916(Tas)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 7CT Hobart (Rokeby, 1936-1939; City, 1946-1948); 7CT Huonville (1954-1960); 7CT Hobart (Bellerive, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1643, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: auto-electrician (New Town, 1943; Hobart North, 1949); manager (Huonville, 1949-1954); sales rep. (Bellerive, 1963-1977)

===''CONRAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Ernest Conrad|Conrad, Raymond Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSP2-VGS] - 1905(Tas)-1977(Tas) - Licences: 2TR Sydney (Bexley, 1930-1937; Rockdale, 1938-1939); 7TR Hobart (Derwent Park, 1947; Moonah, 1948-1956; Berriedale, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 651, 1930, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 308, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: battery fitter (Bexley, 1930); storeman (Bexley, 1931-1934); clerk (Bexley, 1935-1936; Rockdale, 1937); purchasing officer (Cameray, 1943); radio manufacturer (Moonah, 1949-1954); engineer (Hospital, Rosetta, 1963)
===''CONRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Conry|Conry, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-HCR] - 1892(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 3OK Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1925); 3CO Melbourne (Brighton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 260, 1916; 1COCP 44, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (Merchant Marine); RANRS; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD Vic) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1919; Armadale, 1921-1924); inspector (Brighton, 1925-1937); radio inspector (South Brisbane, 1943-1949); postal official (St Lucia, 1954-1958)
===''CONWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn Laurence Dean Conway|Conway, Mervyn Laurence Dean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MH-GHZ] - 1912(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7CL Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1960); 7CL Hobart (West Hobart, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1684, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Nelson, 1936); school teacher (Launceston East, 1937); teacher (Devonport, 1943; New Town, 1949-1958)

===''COOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Byron Cook|Cook, Ernest Byron &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M46M-M3J] - 1902(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3CK Tresco (1926-1927); 3CK Kerang (1931); 3EC Swan Hill (1938-1939); 3EC Melbourne (Coburg, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 295, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Swan Hill, 1937-1942)
* [[/Victor Roy Percival Cook|Cook, Victor Roy Percival &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYJG-6C6] - 1899(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: XVN Adelaide (1913-1914); S099 Adelaide (1920s); 5AC Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1927; Rose Park, 1928-1931; Kilkenny, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Woodville, 1954-1975; Somerton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 94, 1925, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: analyst (Kilkenny, 1939-1943)
===''COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive J. Cooke|Cooke, Clive J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4CC Brisbane (Chermside, -1952+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
* [[/Frank Basil Cooke|Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7Q6-TN8] - 1892(SA)-1967(NSW) - XADW Sydney (1913), 2LI Sydney (1922-1924), 2XQ Receive Sydney (1923), 2DJ Sydney (Northbridge, 1924-1931; Mosman, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP; AOCP 39, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA NSW, vice-president 1923)
* [[/Frederick William Cooke|Cooke, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB8-V6L] - 1906(Eng)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Footscray, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 311, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: meter tester (Footscray, 1926-1949)
===''COOKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Cookson|Cookson, Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YD-87L] - 1889(Eng)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 201, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); no occupation (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Northbridge, 1949-1963; Bexley, NSW, 1968)
* [[/Joseph George Cookson|Cookson, Joseph George &quot;George&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGCW-Z8N] - 1888(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 862, 1925; 2COCP 21, 1929; 1COCP 34, 1930 - RANRS (1919), AWA - Relationships: Father of Leonard Kenneth Cookson - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Crossover, Vic, 1912-1913; Bacchus Marsh, 1914-1915); mechanic (Alphington, 1917); engineer (Cooktown, 1919); radio engineer (Radio Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1930-1935; Croydon, NSW, 1943-1958) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]
* [[/Leonard Kenneth Cookson|Cookson, Leonard Kenneth &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ8-JHV] - 1917(Vic)-2005(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - AWA - Relationships: Son of Joseph George Cookson - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Concord, NSW, 1943); electrical fitter (Croydon, 1943-1954; Glebe, 1958; Blacktown, 1963-1980) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]

===''COOLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Cooling|Cooling, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVZL-GSC] - 1885(Qld)-1936(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Toowoomba (1924-1927) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 11, 1924, No. 3 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (Toowoomba, 1924), (Halcyon P. 4) - Comment: A tragic end to a productive life - TroveTag: &quot;4BN - Ernest Richard Cooling&quot; - Electoral Rolls: letter carrier (Toowoomba, 1908); telegraphist (Bowen, 1912); postal assistant (Toowoomba, 1913-1930)
===''COOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Saint Coombe|Coombe, Geoffrey Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-TXS] - 1913(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5ML Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1931-1939; Croydon, 1947-1948; Brooklyn Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 756, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5MR Jack Robert Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, 1941)
* [[/Jack Robert Saint Coombe|Coombe, Jack Robert Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-T3C] - 1910(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5MR Adelaide (Stirling West, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2923, 1949, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5ML Geoffrey Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, SA, 1941); electrical mechanic (Mt Lofty, SA, 1943)

===''COOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edwin Charles Cooper|Cooper, Alfred Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV9-9GK] - 1904(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2AL Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1926); 2UO Sydney (Northbridge, 1947-1950); 2AUO Sydney (Yacht Asgard, 1948-1960); 4AY Surfers Paradise (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 180, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 626, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fruit merchant (Ashfield, 1931); director (Northbridge, 1943-1958); company director (Clareville, 1963-1977)
* [[/Eric Cooper|Cooper, Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1M-WC4] - 1925(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 870, 1960, Tas - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Evandale, 1949); radio technician (Evandale, 1954)
* [[/Ernest Edward Cooper|Cooper, Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5F-RLJ] - 1905(Tas)-1951(Tas) - Licences: 7MK Launceston (Youngtown, 1926-1927); 7MC Launceston (City, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 261, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 151, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: may be related to 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1975) Eric Cooper  - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Ulverstone, 1936; Launceston East, 1943; Launceston West, 1949) 
* [[/Harold More Cooper|Cooper, Harold More or Harold Moore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ58-SJP] - 1886(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923-1925); 5HG Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 257, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; submarine cable telegraphist; archaeologist; historian - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cooper-harold-more-9821 ADB]
* [[/James Herbert Cooper|Cooper, James Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVTJ-14B] - 1914(NSW)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2ZG Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1930-1939 - Qualifications: AOCP 701, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Crows Nest, 1936-1943); broker (Mosman, 1949); stock and sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1949-1968); sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1972); broker (St Ives, 1977-1980)

===''CORDINGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harold Cordingley|Cordingley, Charles Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJK-SB4] - 1892(Eng)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ararat, 1913); electrical engineer (Flemington, 1915-1919); engineer (Ascot Vale, 1921-1954)
===''CORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert James Core|Core, Herbert James &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PF-R2Q] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4HC Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2012, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 392, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; formerly Sydney - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1929); assistant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949; Camp Hill, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''CORNELIUS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Edward Cornelius|Cornelius, Eric Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7P-2MD] - 1916(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6EC Albany (1936-1939); 6EC Kalgoorlie (1947-1948); 6EC Wagin (1954-1955); 6EC Perth (Inglewood, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1635, 1936, WA; TVOCP 200, 1959 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Station 6WA, Wagin, 1949-1954; Inglewood, WA, 1958-1977)

===''CORNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Cameron Corney|Corney, Kenneth Cameron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-2MB] - 1899(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: V755 Receive Bairnsdale (1922); 3GY Receive Bairnsdale (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gogeldrie, NSW, 1949); grazier (Metung, Vic, 1963-1980)

===''COTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alfred Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNH3-P9L] - 1897(SA)-1973(SA) - Licences: XVS Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5HY Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1926-1928; Colonel Light Gardens, 1931; Kilburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 270, 1926, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA SA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Semaphore, 1939); clerk (Findon, 1943)
* [[/Arthur Tylney Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Tylney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7G8-SGG] - 1884(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive Spring Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kelvedon, 1914-1963)
* [[/Leith Simpson Cotton|Cotton, Leith Simpson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR2-12K] - 1905(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5LG Adelaide (Burnside, 1932-1933); 5LG Iron Knob (1937-1939); 5LG Adelaide (Clarence Gardens, 1946-1948; Parkholme, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1023, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Iron Knob, 1939-1941)

===''COTTRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Morgan Cottrell|Cottrell, Joseph William Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VLW-L1Y] - 1897(NSW)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 2ZF Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1923); 2ZN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1925; Coogee, 1926-1930; Maroubra Junction, 1931; Dundas, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Carlingford, 1948-1950); 2ADX Sydney (Dundas/Portable, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 367, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 1, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coogee, 1930); broadcaster (Dundas, 1933-1934); radio operator (Dundas, 1936-1943); technician (Carlingford, 1949)

===''COUCHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Clyde McGregor Couchman|Couchman, Clifford Clyde McGregor &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQLS-T4D] - 1907(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4KZ Kaimkillenbun (1930-1939); 4KZ Dalby (1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 151, 1930; COCP 1st Class Marconi School (Halcyon) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Navy, wireless officer); broadcast technician (PMGD, 4QS); business proprietor (electrical &amp; radio, Dalby) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Kaimkillenbun, 1930-1937); engineer (Dalby, 1943-1963); electrical engineer (Dalby, 1968)
===''COULTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Maxwell Coulter|Coulter, Jack Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-MXK] - 1912(SA)-1985(???) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1937); 3MV Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939); 5JD Adelaide (Ashford, 1947-1948; Ackland Gardens, 1954-1960); 5JK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1712, 1936, SA; 2COCP 812, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Caulfield West, Vic, 1937); RAN (Port Melbourne, Vic, 1943)

===''COUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Couper|Couper, Andrew &quot;Andy&quot; Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6R8-R1T] - 1893(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: XQM Mareeba (1914); 4BW Mareeba (1923-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 71, 1925, No. 5 in Qld - early wireless experimenter (1914 &amp; likely earlier unlicensed); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: iron moulder (Mareeba, 1913-1932); engineer (Mareeba, 1936-1958)

===''COURT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Court|Court, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-Q5T] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4CT Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Bayswater, Qld, 1925-1936; Kedron, Qld, 1937-1958)
* [[/Thomas Palmer Court|Court, Thomas Palmer Jnr]] - 1895(Vic)-1976(NSW) - XNY Melbourne (Malvern, 1913-1914), 3BO Melbourne (Malvern, 1922), 3TC Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1927), early wireless experimenter (CPRT 211, 1916), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic, secretary, 1919-1920+), employment (radio salesman, 1928; STC, chief design engineer, 1954), IRE Aust (president, 1950-1951), father also named Thomas Palmer Court (1861, Vic - 1944, NSW)

===''COUSENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Light Reynolds Cousens|Cousens, Harold Light Reynolds]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDG9-3SK] - 1888(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N743 Receive Summer Hill (1922); 2HW Receive Summer Hill (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Tamworth, 1930-1963)
===''COUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Stuart Coutts|Coutts, Edwin Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-698] - 1893(Qld)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4BZ Receive Dalby (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Dalby, 1919-1937); garage proprietor (Dalby, 1943)

===''COWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christian Nesbit Cowan|Cowan, Christian Nesbit]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-6QW] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2PZ Aberdare (1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 613, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 486, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Aberdare, 1930-1963; Cessnock, 1968-1980)

===''COX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Grafton Cox|Cox, Allan (birth) or Allen (census) Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHWX-5XH] - 1892(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 120, 1915; 2COCP 103, 1930; 1COCP 347, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Rockhampton, 1914; Pinkenba, 1916-1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1921-1922; South Yarra, 1926-1927); O.I.C. (Cooktown, 1925; Thursday Island, 1930); radio officer (Clayfield, 1934); O.I.C. (Townsville, 1936-1937); engineer (Rockbank, 1942); wireless officer (Kangaroo Point, 1943; Hendra, Qld, 1949-1958); radio officer (Hendra, 1963-1977)
* [[/Erle Harold Cox|Cox, Erle Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8Z-RG2] - 1903(Tas)-1989(ACT) - Licences: 3BD Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922); 3BD Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1933); 2EP Canberra (Forrest, 1934-1935); 2GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1946-1955); 1GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1956-1965; Mawson, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 245, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist, president Press Gallery, Parliament House 1953 - Awards: O.B.E. for contribution to journalism in Australia 1953 - Relationships: son of Erle Cox, science fiction author [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cox-erle-5799] - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Caulfield, 1931; Gardiner, 1936; Forrest, 1937; Red Hill, 1943-1968; Mawson, 1972-1980)
* [[/Harold Cox|Cox, Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GQ-2RT] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 17, 1914; 1COCP 35, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: several contemporaneous Harold Cox
===''COXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Wooton Coxon|Coxon, Robert Wooton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-HVL] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6RW Northam (1924-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 30, 1924, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer, NT Gov (Director of Mines, 1947); WW2 - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6AG Wally Coxon - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cheltenham, SA, 1943); civil servant (Alice Springs, 1949-1954)
* [[/Walter Ernest Stanley Coxon|Coxon, Walter Ernest Stanley &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY8-JBS] - 1891(NSW)-1968(WA) - Licences: XYK Perth (Maylands, 1913); 6AG Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1925-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939; Bayswater, 1946-1947; Darlington, 1948-1960; Claremont, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 124, 1925, No. ?? in WA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (6WF) - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6RW Robert Wooton Coxon - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Maylands, 1914); engineer (Maylands, 1925-1937); radio engineer (East Perth, 1943; Darlington, 1949-1958); retired (Claremont, 1963-1968) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199311.pdf EA0] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199404.pdf] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199405.pdf EA2]

===''CRAIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith William Craig|Craig, Keith William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNB-7FD] - 1921(NSW)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 2AJV Newcastle (Stockton, 1938-1939); 2EP Newcastle (New Lambton, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2102, 1938, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Stockton, 1943); fitter (Lambton, 1949; New Lambton, 1958-1980)
* [[/Walter Archibald Craig|Craig, Walter Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7X4] - 1907(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2XI Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2XI Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 220, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Croydon, 1930-1954)
===''CRAMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warne Hutton Cramond|Cramond, Warne Hutton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XQB-N2G] - 1898(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2KJ Sydney (Lane Cove, 1928-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 397, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lane Cove, 1930-1949)
===''CRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Rae Cran|Cran, Morris Rae]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-B1J] - 1901(Qld)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 4KX Brisbane (West End, 1930-1939); 2MR Sydney (Rockdale, 1946-1947; Randwick, 1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 570, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West End, 1925-1937); accountant (Bondi, 1943); company secretary (Ranswick, 1954; Coogee, 1958)

===''CRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Layman William Victor Cranch|Cranch, Layman William Victor &quot;Lay&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1993(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer, journalist (editor, Australian Radio and Electronics, 1951), business (manager, Kingsley)
===''CRAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Bruce Cameron Craw|Craw, Russell Bruce Cameron &quot;Bruce&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF2Q-54Y] - 1901(Tas)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 7BC Burnie (1930-1933); 3BC Melbourne (1933-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 671, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Burnie, 1922; North Melbourne, 1924; Burnie, 1928); sales (Middle Park, Vic, 1935)
===''CRAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Thomas Crawford|Crawford, Cedric Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-42L] - 1905(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2YC Sydney (Burwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Burwood, 1930-1933); engineer (Captain's Flat, 1937-1943); mechanical engineer (Broken Hill South, 1954-1963); engineer (St Ives, 1968-1972)
* [[/John Murray Crawford|Crawford, John Murray]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief engineer PMGD, involved establishment of first ABC stations), don't confuse with William Tamillas Stephen Crawford
* [[/William Tamillas Stephen Crawford|Crawford, William Tamillas Stephen &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;W.T.S.C.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G738-35N] - 1880(Vic)-1962(NSW) - state public servant (P&amp;TD, Tas); senior federal public servant (PMGD, radio inspector); RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: don't confuse with John Murray Crawford

===''CREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Creamer|Creamer, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XK-965] - 1903(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2UR Sydney (Glebe Point, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Orange, 1930-1932); electrical engineer (Brewarrina, 1933; Henty, 1934-1935; Grose Vale, 1937; Richmond, 1943-1968)
===''CREDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter John Credlin|Credlin, Peter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-SH8] - 1938(Vic)-1984(NSW) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1954); engineer (Malvern, 1963; Lower Templestowe, 1967-1980)
===''CRESSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Gillespie Cresswell|Cresswell, Frank Gillespie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR45-Q56] - 1880(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3GI Melbourne (East Kew, 1924-1925; Camberwell, 1926-1927); Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - federal public service (PMGD); military (Commonwealth Naval Militia, engineer sublieutenant); RANRS (Radio Commander, terminated Nov 1920) - not to be confused with William Rooke '''Creswell''' - Electoral Rolls: instrument fitter (Camberwell, 1903-1906); Engineer-Lieutenant RAN (Prahran, 1912); naval officer (St Kilda, 1914); lieutenant RAN (Hawthorn, 1915-1919); RAN (Kew, 1922-1924); commandant RAN (Frankston, 1928-1934); naval officer (Olivers Hill, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1943); retired (Somers, 1949; Mt Eliza, 1954; Frankston, 1963)
* [[/Harry Leslie Cresswell|Cresswell, Harry Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9456-49G] - 1917(Qld)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 4DL Brisbane (Coorparoo, Qld, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified, likely RAN - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, Petty Officer Telegraphist, KIA, HMAS Yarra) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10293831 AWM] [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1690529 Roll of Honour]

===''CRESWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rooke Creswell|Creswell, William Rooke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4L-WRS] - 1852(Gibraltar)-1933(Vic) - early wireless experimenter (Lytton, Moreton Island), military (RAN; Qld Maritime Defence Force, commandant; Commonwealth Naval Forces, commandant) - Generally considered the father of the RAN, not to be confused with Frank Gillespie '''Cresswell''' - Electoral Rolls: naval commandant (South Brisbane, 1903-1905); director (Toorak, 1909-1919) - Links: [[w:William Rooke Creswell|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/creswell-sir-william-rooke-5817 ADB] [https://www.navy.gov.au/biography/vice-admiral-sir-william-rooke-creswell RAN]

===''CRIBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dunmore Foote Cribb|Cribb, Dunmore Foote]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPP-YQH] - 1899(Qld)-1946(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 134, 1925, No. 15 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Indooroopilly, 1921-1943)
===''CRICHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Robert Crichton|Crichton, Stanley Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK76-MZH] - 1893(NZ)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KH East Maitland (1929-1935); 9OU Port Moresby (1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 542, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 100, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (East Maitland, 1930-1935); wireless operator (Maclean, 1936); Radio 2NR (Lawrence, 1937); wireless operator (Ashfield, 1949); PMG technician (Ashfield, 1954-1963)
===''CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cridge, Wilfred Edgar Launder - See Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge

===''CRISP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Charles Crisp|Crisp, Henry Charles &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-5T2] - 1909(NSW)-1996(???) - Licences: 2LX Sydney (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933; Cronulla, 1934-1939, 1946); 2LX Ettalong (1947-1955); 2LX Woy Woy (1956-1961); 2LX Urunga (1965); 2LX Sydney (Cronulla, 1969; Gorokan, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 614, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: &quot;Henry Charles&quot; carrier (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933); radio dealer (Cronulla, 1934-1937); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; examiner (Bondi, 1943); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; no occupation (Ettalong, 1949); &quot;Henry Charles&quot; radio dealer (Ettalong, 1954-1963); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; motel proprietor (Urunga, 1968); manager (Sans Souci, 1972); retired (Cronulla, 1972); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; retired (Gorokan, 1977-1980)

===''CROCKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Edward Crocker|Crocker, Claude Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8R6-RZW] - 1875(USA)-1929(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West Perth, 1922-1925)
* [[/Edward Baker Crocker|Crocker, Edward Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYHX-65B] - 1867(Wales)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2BB Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2BB Sydney (Marrickville, 1922-1930) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 95, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: provision merchant (Marrickville, 1933-1937); retired (Marrickville, 1943-1949); no occupation (Earlwood, 1949-1954)
===''CROME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Keith Crome|Crome, Harry Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZTL-HF9] - 1908(Tas)-1975(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (New Town, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Hobart North, 1936-1954); linotype operator Melbourne (Alphington, 1963-1972) 
===''CROMIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Thomas Cromie|Cromie, Charles Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Z4-73H] - 1883(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager (Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 3UZ) - Electoral Rolls: draper (Maffra, 1903; Korumburra, 1905; East Melbourne, 1909; Maffra, 1912); engineer (East Melbourne, 1914); electrical engineer (Malvern, 1915-1917); engineer (Elsternwick, 1919; Caulfield, 1924-1927); electrical engineer (Melbourne East, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); engineer (Caulfield, 1934); director (Armadale, 1936-1949)
===''CROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Leonard Crooks|Crooks, James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK93-6HV] - 1890(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923-1925); 7BQ Launceston (1925-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 61, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (PMG) - Relationships: father of 3AAC John Peter Crooks - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914; Launceston, 1919-1968); no occupation (Low Head, 1972)
* [[/John Peter Crooks|Crooks, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRZL-Z2J] - 1921(Tas)-2013(Vic) - Licences: 3AAC Colac (1960); 3AAC Bulleen (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 2107, 1938, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 7BQ James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot; Crooks - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Elsternwick, 1949); engineer (East Geelong, 1954; Bulleen, 1963-1977)
===''CROPLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cropley|Cropley, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-YVK] - 1893(NSW)-1935(NSW) - Licences: N735 Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922); 2HT Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of Mervyn Eric Cropley - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Homebush, 1930-1933) 
* [[/Mervyn Eric Cropley|Cropley, Mervyn Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLG-MYS] - 1920(NSW)-1951(Aus) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 403, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2HT Eric William Cropley - Electoral Rolls: radio officer (Homebush, 1943); salesman (Blaxland, 1949)
===''CROUCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Casimir Crouch|Crouch, Ernest Casimir &quot;Ern&quot;]] - 1908(???)-1989(NSW) - 2QJ Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1923), 2EC Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1939), 2EC Orange (1946-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 16, 1924, No. 6 in NSW), amateur broadcaster; engineer; Mosman Radio Laboratories 1927 (proprietor?)

===''CROWDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Crowder, Joyce Isabel see Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel

===''CULLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Norman Seth Culliver|Culliver, Francis Norman Seth &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-SWD] - 1891(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3DP Receive Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1922); 3DP Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923-1925; Hawthorn, 1925-1927); 3UG Melbourne (Rye, 1948-1956); 3UG Queenscliff (1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of Keith Norman Culliver &amp; Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1931-1954)
* [[/Ian Douglas Culliver|Culliver, Ian Douglas &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-WDM] - 1916?(Vic)-2002(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 655, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Keith Norman Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)
* [[/Keith Norman Culliver|Culliver, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-753] - 1914(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 656, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)

===''CUMMING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Humberstone Cumming|Cumming, William Humberstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLF-9FS] - 1903(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 3BK Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Notting Hill, 1931); engineer (Cheltenham, 1931); contractor (Malvern, 1936-1949); engineer (Malvern, 1954)
===''CUMMINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Cummings|Cummings, Bruce]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1928, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''CUMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Vincent Cummins|Cummins, Reginald Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-FLN] - 1911(Qld)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4VC Brisbane (Newmarket, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1939, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (East Ipswich, Qld, 1934-1937); public servant (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''CUNLIFFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James August Cunliffe|Cunliffe, James August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7KX-DQW] - 1904(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3ZO Melbourne (Croxton, 1930-1931; Preston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947); 3AZO Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1954; East Preston, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 597, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinet maker (Preston, 1927); electrician (Preston East, 1931-1942); cabinet maker (Preston East, 1949); carpenter (Preston East, 1963-1980)  
===''CUNNINGHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hugh Cunningham|Cunningham, Robert Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-Z7M] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3ML Melbourne (Malvern, 1928-1937; Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Frankston, 1946-1947; Malvern, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 463, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Malvern, 1931; Gardiner, 1936-1937); RAAF (Frankston, 1949); manager (Malvern, 1949-1954); director (Malvern, 1963-1980) - R. H. Cunningham, electronics retailer?

===''CURETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Poyner Cureton|Cureton, John Poyner &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L29Y-H1R] - 1905(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2AY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2AY Sydney (Burwood, 1923-1930); 2AU Sydney (Burwood, 1930-1933; Gordon, 1933-1934; Burwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1950); 2AU Little Hartley (1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 168, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2AY callsign withdrawn by PMGD in 1930 and reallocated to new commercial 2AY Albury - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Burwood, 1930; Parkes, 1936); engineer (Burwood, 1943); grazier (Little Hartley, 1958)
===''CURLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Clarence Curle|Curle, George Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ25-DZZ] - 1914(NSW)-1941(Egypt) - licences: 2AJB Sydney (Chullora, 1937-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 1813, 1937, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 310, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), WW2 - electoral rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''CURNOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Ross Curnow|Curnow, Geoffrey Ross]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - historian (wireless &amp; broadcasting), &quot;The history of the development of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia to 1942, with especial reference to the Australian Broadcasting Commission : a political and administrative study&quot;
===''CURRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Benjamin John Currie|Currie, Francis Benjamin John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8JP] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: None yet found - Qualifications: AOCP 395, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: checker (Albert Park, Vic, 1936); storeman (Semaphore, 1939; Queensbury, 1941)
* [[/James Lawrence Currie|Currie, James Lawrence &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-9GW] - 1905(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Bundaberg (1936-1937); 4LC Proserpine (1938-1939); 4LC St George (1946-1956); 4LC Brisbane (Dutton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1631, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; power station engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, Qld, 1929; Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Blackhall, Qld, 1943; St George, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Caboolture, Qld, 1958)

===''CURTIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. F. Curtis|Curtis, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AI Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CUSACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Chanel Cusack|Cusack, Leo Chanel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YN-49P] - 1897(NSW)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Port Moresby (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 229, 1916; 1COCP 319, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maroubra, 1930); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1931-1936; Maroubra, 1943); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1949); radio operator (Darwin, 1949-1954); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1958-1963); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Sidney Claude Cusack|Cusack, Sidney or Sydney Claude or Claud]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW42-D16] - 1885(Eng)-1973(Canada) - Licences: 5CK Adelaide (Dulwich, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 5, 1914 (No. 5 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1916)

===''CUSHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Thomas Cushen|Cushen, Arthur Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQL-FP3] - 1920(NZ)-1997(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1930s to 1990s; DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club, DX Australia) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen/ Autobiography]; [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tributes]

===''CUSITER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Macgregor Cusiter|Cusiter, Robert William Macgregor &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6H8-73C] - 1908(NSW)-1970(???) - 2RW Sydney (Lewisham, 1925-1926; Turramurra, 1927-1929; Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1931-1939, 1946-1955; Hornsby, 1956-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 203, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1930-1949; Hornsby, 1958-1968), AWA, PMGD, WW2 (worked on defence electronics)

===''CUTHBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Cuthbert|Cuthbert, Henry]] - 1829(Irl)-1907(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1877-Jul 1878; Mar 1880-Aug 1880)
===''CUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gregory Maxwell Cutts|Cutts, Gregory Maxwell &quot;Maxwell&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQBR-22Q] - 1903(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2GM Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 17, 1924, No. 7 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor (2ML, Mosman Radio Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mosman, 1930-1937; Abbotsford, 1949); sales manager (North Ryde, 1954-1963); manager (Cheltenham, 1972-1980)

=='''D'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''DAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Luja Dahl|Dahl, Norman Luja]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L433-MY6] - 1888(NZ)-1938(Qld) - Licences: 2ND Sydney (Wahroonga, 1933-1937); 4ND Ayr (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1079, 1933, NSW; AOLCP 249, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: consulting engineer (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1935); teacher (Wahroonga, NSW, 1937); company director (Ayr, Qld, 1936-1937)
* [[/Oscar Sydney Dahl|Dahl, Oscar Sydney &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLWV-S5D] - 1904(NZ)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4KA Ayr (1933-1935); 7KA Hobart (1947); 4KA Ayr (1948); 9KA Lae (1969); 4VT Innisfail (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1151, 1933, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; surveyor - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Arapuni, NZ,  1928-1931); tramline engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1931-1936); engineer (Gordonvale, Qld, 1937); civil engineer (Fitzgerald, Tas, 1943; Ayr, Qld, 1949-1958); surveyor (Innisfail, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''DALBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dalby|Dalby, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BI Adelaide (SA School of Mines, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Directories: lecturer (School of Mines, Adelaide, 1922-1934) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DALTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Martin Dalton|Dalton, Robert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-SH3] - 1897(Vic)-1949(Vic) - Licences: XLB Melbourne (Auburn, 1913); 3UI Mildura (1923-1925); 3UI Melbourne (Balaclava, 1925-1926; Caulfield, 1927; Camberwell, 1931-1933); 3UN Melbourne (Camberwell, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 158, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Mildura, 1919-1924); radio engineer (Hawthorn, 1926-1927); clerk (Camberwell, 1928); sales (Camberwell, 1931-1949)

===''DANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Dane|Dane, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYF7-5RS] - 1868(Eng)-1928(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3JD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (Hawthorn, 1908-1909); merchant (Auburn, 1912-1927)
===''DANGERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Henry Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Joseph Henry &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-22D] - 1911(Eng)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NF Townsville (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1686, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (radio electrical salesman) - Relationships: brother of 4NL Norman Gerard Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1937-1954); mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Airlie Beach, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Norman Gerard Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Norman Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-5FD] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NL Ayr (1936-1939); 4ND Ayr (1956-1965); 4ND Brisbane (Sherwood, 1969-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1687, 1936, Qld; BOCP 1062, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Elphinstones); broadcast technician (4AY, ABC Townsville); business proprietor (radio) - Halcyon: AOCP at 16yo - Relationships: brother of 4NF Joseph Henry Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: aircraft fitter (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Ayr, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Ayr, Qld, 1954; Home Hill, Qld, 1958); clerk (Sherwood, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''DANIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Septimus Daniel|Daniel, Louis Septimus]] - 1834(Eng)-1909(Vic) - experimented with etheric force in mid 1870s, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society of Victoria, member), employment (Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs, concluding acting Secretary, 1897), linguist

===''DARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Darley|Darley, Ernest John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4BX-9ZK] - 1898(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6CJ Perth (South Perth, 1923-1930) - Qualifications: cc;  CPRT 243, 1916; 2COCP 835, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor importer (South Perth, 1925-1936); importer (Rockingham, 1943); technician (South Perth, 1954-1963)

===''DAVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Barrett Davey|Davey, Harold Barrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYY-FN4] - 1898(Tas)-1948(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Launceston, 1922); electrician (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John Alfred Davey|Davey, John Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6X-FSF] - 1913(SA)-1992(Qld) - 2YE Sydney (Glebe Point, 1935-1938; Ashfield, 1939; Homebush, 1946-1975), amateur operator (1COCP 19, 1934; 3COCP 1029, 1952), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer
* [[/John Anderton Davey|Davey, John Anderton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-3ZH] - 1909(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923), 3AD Melbourne (Brighton, 1925-1926; Elsternwick, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 66, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, manufacturer's agent
* [[/Ralph William Davey|Davey, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGN-W9X] - 1916(SA)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 5KD Adelaide (North Croydon, 1935-1939; Mile End, 1947; Blanchetown, 1948); 5DY Portable Adelaide (North Croydon, 1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1481, 1935, SA; 1COCP 515, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Ridleyton North, SA, 1939; Whyalla, SA, 1941-1948); RAAF (Guildford, WA, 1958; Beaumaris, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''DAVIDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. R. Davidson|Davidson, E. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FP Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DAVIES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Tempest Davies|Davies, Henry Tempest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G889-FX9] - 1900(WA)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6HD Perth (Highgate Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 563, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Balkatta, 1921); police officer (Mundijong, 1943); sergeant (Victoria Park, 1949-1958; Lathlain Park, 1963-1977; Victoria Park, 1980)
* [[/Reginald Raymond Clifford Davies|Davies, Reginald Raymond Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGM-73Y] - 1915(SA)-1988(WA) - Licences: 5LJ Adelaide (Goodwood Park, 1933-1939; Plympton, 1947-1948); 3AY Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1960; Heathmont, 1965-1969); 6BQ Perth (Bickley, 1975); 6BQ Denmark (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1138, 1933, SA; BOCP 121, 1937; 1COCP 534, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM Berri, SA, 1941); mechanic (Plympton, SA, 1941-1943); public servant (Prahran, Vic, 1954); retired (Bickley, WA, 1972-1977)

===''DAVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Hargan Davis|Davis, Henry Hargan or Hargon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT6C-6MB] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Strathfield, 1923-1924); 2HH Sydney (Strathfield, 1926-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 289, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Strathfield, 1930-1936); engineer (Strathfield, 1943) - Professor Henry Hargan Davis, BSc, BE (Syd), PhD (Camb), 1946-1973 (Emeritus Professor 1974) [https://docplayer.net/82920769-Engineering-education-the-university-of-adelaide.html]
* [[/Ross Raleigh Davis|Davis, Ross Raleigh &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ54-9Q4] - 1907(Vic)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2DS Receive Sydney (Vaucluse, 1920-1922); 2DS Sydney (Vaucluse, 1923-1929; Double Bay, 1930-1933; Rose Bay, 1933-1938; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 249, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 934, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: accompanied 2CM on the SS Tahiti; education (Sydney Technical College, Electrical Engineering Degree); employment (AWA, engineer, 1925-1973) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Double Bay, 1930; Rose Bay, 1933-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1958; Rose Bay, 1958-1980)

===''DAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dawson|Dawson, Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 559, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stovemaker (Hurlstone Park, 1930); storeman (Marrickville, 1931) - Not yet fully identified
* [[/Richard Stanley Dawson|Dawson, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2NQ] - 1897(Vic)-1983(NSW) - Licences: XZP Hobart (1913-1914); 3DA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 282, 1917 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1919); electrical engineer (Melbourne, 1921-1924; Toorak, 1925-1926; South Yarra, 1927-1928); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1930; Mosman, 1931-1972; Roseville, NSW, 1977)

===''DEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Launston Alexander Deane|Deane, Launston Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-182] - 1909(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5LD Adelaide (Tusmore, 1933; Hazelwood Park, 1937-1939; Royston Park, 1947-1955; Hazelwood Park, 1956-1965; St Georges, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1090, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Burnside, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Kyrle Deane|Deane, Raymond Kyrle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-HB1] - 1917(SA)-2010(SA)93yo - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1728, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Fullarton, SA, 1939-1941); clerk (Fullarton, SA, 1943)

===''DE BAVAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Jean Xavier de Bavay|de Bavay, Francis Jean or John Xavier ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFJ-D1R] - 1887(Vic)-1955(Tas) - Licences: 4FO Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Kew, Vic, 1909); brewer (West Perth, WA, 1916); chemist (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1921); manager (New Farm, Qld, 1925); master brewer (Cascades, Tas, 1928-1936); manager (Hobart South, Tas, 1943-1954)

===''DE CRESPIGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Philip Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCJG-QN9] - 1879(Vic)-1918(Palestine) - Licences: XPU Melbourne (Brighton, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Relationships: half brother of 3FM Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Royalieu Dana Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH7P-7SD] - 1905(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Brighton, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Elmhurst, 1936-1949); farmer (Cobden, 1954; South Ecklin, 1963-1980) - Relationships: half brother of XPU Philip Champion de Crespigny

===''DE CURE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Gerard de Cure|de Cure, John Edward Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVD6-DWD] - 1899(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 3WL Melbourne (Coburg, 1929-1933); 5KO Adelaide (Glenelg, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 2KO Sydney (Artarmon, 1957-1958); 5KO Adelaide (Fulham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 535, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 22, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cobden, 1954); public servant (North Carlton, 1921-1924; Coburg, 1927-1934; Artarmon, NSW, 1958)

===''DEARNESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Sinclair Dearness|Dearness, Harry Sinclair]] - 19??-2004(Qld) - 4KW Mackay (1939, 1946-1975), Brisbane (Strathpine) (1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2328, 1939, No. ? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, AIF), employment (radio &amp; TV mechanic)

===''DEEGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Edward Deegan|Deegan, Stanley Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYK3-2V3] - 1893(Tas)-1944(Tas) - Licences: 7AK Hobart (St Virgil's College, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; public servant (State &amp; Federal, PMGD); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922); civil servant (Hobart, 1928-1936); postal official (Hobart, 1943)
===''DEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival William Deer|Deer, Percival William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2DJ-9ZF] - 1901(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5DR Adelaide (Seacliff, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 451, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brighton, 1939-1943)

===''DELBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Joseph Robert Delbridge|Delbridge, Reginald Joseph Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L439-HNM] - 1888(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4RJ Childers (1927); 4RJ Brisbane (Paddington, 1931-1933; Booval, 1937-1939); 4RJ Stanthorpe (1946-1948); 4RJ Brisbane (Northgate, 1954-1955; Toowong, 1956); 4RJ Burleigh Heads (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 383, 1927, No. 42 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), minister of religion - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Ingham, 1917-1919); minister (Kingaroy, 1925); clergyman (Ashgrove, 1943); minister (Stanthorpe, 1949); minister of religion (New Farm, 1954); Methodist Minister (Toowong, 1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963)
===''DELLIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Stephen Dellit|Dellit, Samuel Stephen]] - Licences: VK4ZSS Brisbane, VK3 Melbourne, VK1DXA Canberra - Qualifications: AOLCP Q0078, 1971 - amateur operator, broadcast DXer, broadcast planning engineer, federal public servant, radio historian (aeradio, amateur, broadcast, coastal)

===''DEMPSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter McInnes Dempsey|Dempsey, Walter McInnes &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTQN-B69] - 1910(Vic)-2010(Vic) - Licences: 3WD Melbourne (Cheltenham, 1929-1931); 7WD Cambridge (1948); 3AZD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1954); 3WD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1955-1969; Oak Park, 1975); 3WD Marong (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 515, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 41, 1931; 1COCP 217, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Cheltenham, 1931; Mordialloc, 1936-1937); radio operator (Mentone, 1942); aeradio operator (Cambridge, Tas, 1949); public servant (Pascoe Vale, 1954-1968; Oak Park, 1972); retired (Marong, 1977-1980)

===''DENBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Roy Denby|Denby, Harry Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJTS-LLS] - 1906(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4FR Receive Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923); 4AX Brisbane (Kedron, 1936-1939); 4AX Cairns (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1800, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937; Cairns, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''DENISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Robert Denison|Denison or Dixson, Hugh Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-WTC] - 1865(NSW)-1940(Vic) - born Hugh Robert Dixson; businessman, parliamentarian, philanthropist; director of Australasian Wireless Co. then Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) - Links: [[w:Hugh Denison|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-hugh-robert-5955 ADB]

===''DENNEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Roy Denneen|Denneen, Harold Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-6YG] - 1894(NSW)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (A/g Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928-1937)
===''DENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Roy Dennett|Dennett, Phillip or Philip Roy or Ray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNX4-D9K] - 1897(SA)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 5IV Berri (1931-1938); 4IV Camooweal (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 799, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Morningside, Qld, 1943; West End, Qld, 1949-1954; Rockhampton, Qld, 1958); public servant (Morningside, Qld, 1963-1977)

===''DERHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Thomas Derham|Derham, Frederick Thomas]] - 1844(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Victorian Postmaster-General (1886-1890)
===''DERRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/V. M. Derrick|Derrick, V. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2VM Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DEVITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Lane Devitt|Devitt, Raymond Lane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB11-PTK] - 1905(Tas)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6DR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 990, 1928; 2COCP 287, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1931); manager (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Owen Dewan|Dewan, John Owen (Electoral Rolls) or Owen John (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-2D4] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6JK Perth (Maylands, 1930-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933; City, 1937; North Perth, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 715, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 3COCP 188, 1936; 2COCP 99, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Maylands, WA, 1931; North Perth, 1934-1937); teacher (East Perth, WA, 1943); trade instructor (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Dexter|Dexter, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G428-3PS] - 1906(Eng)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DR Melbourne (Northcote, 1926-1927); 3VR Melbourne (Sandringham, 1938-1939; Black Rock, 1946-1956; Parkdale, 1960-1965; Mt Eliza, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 241, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Northcote, 1927); engineer (Preston, 1931; Sandringham, 1942-1954); radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1963); retired (Mt Eliza, 1968-1980)

===''DICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Dick|Dick, F.]] - abt 1883(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''DIDDAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Harlin Flower Diddams|Diddams, Robert Harlin or Harland Flower]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZN-YJP] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Toowong, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925); printer (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); retired (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1968)

===''DILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Dillon|Dillon, Arthur Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot; &quot;Ern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85L-HH7] - 1902(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1922); 4CH Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, 1925); engineer (New Farm, 1929); electrical engineer (Atherton, 1931-1932); electrician (Greenslopes, 1943-1954; Mt Gravatt, 1958)

===''DINEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Dineen|Dineen, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM8L-9R6] - 1919(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7GD Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1588, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 6330, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Launceston, 1949-1968)
===''DIRCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Alfred Dircks|Dircks, Alexander Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-6GN] - 1858(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - senior federal public servant (PMGD, Electrical Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gurnhill Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Gurnhill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G826-18S] - 1896(Tas)-1966(Vic) - Licences: XZA Wynyard (1913-1914); 3JG Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1933); 3AD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 3AVE Melbourne (Nunawading, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 462, 1919; 2COCP 160, 1930; 1COCP 271, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Wynyard, 1919); wireless mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934); technician (Auburn, 1936-1937); inspector (Surrey Hills, 1943-1963) - Probate: retired marine inspector (Melbourne, 1966)
* [[/Arthur Lionel Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82F-YX7] - 1897(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 236 Sydney (Burwood, 1920); 2BS Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2AD Sydney (Canterbury, 1929; Strathfield, 1930); 4AD Brisbane (Norman Park, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 202, 1916; 2COCP 288, 1930; 1COCP 170, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Concord, NSW, 1930; Norman Park, Qld, 1931-1943); RANVR (Kyeemagh, 1943); engineer (Waverton, 1949; Eastwood, 1954; Lidcombe North, 1958); managing director (Blakehurst, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Musgrave Dixon|Dixon, Charles Frederick Musgrave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L27B-XXY] - 1894(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2II Receive Cootamundra (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Cootamundra, 1930-1937); telegraphist (Goulburn, 1943; Annandale, 1949-1954; Camperdown, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Malcolm Dixon|Dixon, John Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWD1-HXH] - 1922(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); education (Scots College, 1935-1939); military (WW2, AIF, 1942-1945) - Links: [https://www.scotch.vic.edu.au/greatscot/2008decGS/74.htm Obit]
* [[/Lionel Stanley Dixon|Dixon, Lionel Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PR-QD2] - 1912(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 3TE Melbourne (Croydon, 1947-1948; Elwood, 1954-1980); 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2177, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Glenferrie, Vic, 1934-1937); builder (Box Hill South, Vic, 1949; Elsternwick, Vic, 1954-1967; Elwood, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZI Condong (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4GF Victoria Hills, Herbert River (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Reginald Hilton Dixon|Dixon, Reginald Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82N-FQV] - 1915(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2QD Albury (1933-1937); 2QD Armidale (1938-1939); 2QD Albury (1946-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1216, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Albury, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (Albury, 1972-1977)

===''DODDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stokell Dodds|Dodds, Sir John Stokell Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMYR-2KQ] - 1906(Tas)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 7DJ Hobart (City, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 208, 1935; AOCP 1851, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Town, 1936-1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954); electrical engineer (Wahroonga, 1958-1968); manager (St Ives, 1972)
* [[/John William Matthew Dodds|Dodds, John William Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NX-3CT] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KK Kurri Kurri (1930-1939); 2AZD Newcastle (New Lambton, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 644, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: miner (Kuri Kurri, 1930-1949; New Lambton, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Henry Dodds|Dodds, Leonard Henry &quot;Len&quot;]] - 1908(NSW)-1983(Qld) - 4GD Townsville (1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Townsville ARC, life member), military (Navy, RAAF), employment (PMGD)
* [[/Ronald George Dodds|Dodds, Ronald George]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
===''DODDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Doddy|Doddy, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-HWS] - 1899(Tas)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WH Perth (Claremont, 1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1817, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Claremont, WA, 1931-1958)

===''DOHRMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Stanley Glenville Dohrmann|Dohrmann, George Stanley Glenville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-TB8] - 1902(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922); 3AM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Canterbury, Vic, 1924-1926); warehouseman (Burwood, Vic, 1931; Canterbury, 1937-1943); agriculturalist (Mt Dandenong, 1949-1954; Mooroolbark, 1968-1980)

===''DOIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Louis Doig|Doig, Norman Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSD-M17] - 1912(WA)-2014(WA)101yo - Licences: 6ND Carnamah (1937-1939); 6CB Perth (Floreat Park, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2061, 1937, WA; 3COCP 1505, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Carnamah, WA, 1936-1937; Floreat Park, WA, 1943); telegraphist (City Beach, WA, 1949; Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley, WA, 1968-1972); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1977-1980)

===''DONNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Walter Donne|Donne, Charles Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FC7] - 1897(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: XLO Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 2YD Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925); 3YD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 271, 1916; 2COCP 87, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Seaman) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (St Kilda, 1919-1924); technician (St Kilda, 1925-1931); dealer (Armadale, 1934-1937); investor (Mornington, 1943); grazier (Dromana, 1949-1954); nil (Mornington, 1963-1972) - Migration: South Africa (1955-1962)
===''DOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Lawson Dook|Dook, Valentine Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7X1-NJH] - 1903(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KB Perth (Maylands, 1931-1933; Mt Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 754, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter's assistant (East Perth, WA, 1931); oil plant attendant (Leederville, WA, 1936-1937); control room operator (Leederville, WA, 1943; Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); electrical foreman (Wembley, WA, 1958-1977)

===''DORWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haxton Dorward|Dorward, William Haxton, Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD77-X62] - 1901(Vic)-1937(NSW) - Licences: 3CA Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922-1923); 3CA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Sandringham, 1924-1926); grazier (Moama, 1930; Fort Station, Barnes, 1935-1937)

===''DOUBIKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Thomas Henry Doubikin|Doubikin, William Thomas Henry]] - 1890(Vic)-1927(Tas) - Licences: Hobart Receive 1920s, early wireless experimenter (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, Councillor, 1924), passed too soon
===''DOUDNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Doudney|Doudney, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MQDH-R32] - 1873(Eng)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Receive Melbourne (Balaclava, 1922); 3EM Melbourne (Balaclava, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 63, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion (Holy Trinity Church) - Electoral Rolls: vicar (St Kilda, 1924-1942); nil (Caulfield, 1949-1954; Elsternwick, 1963)
===''DOUGLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gavin Cunningham Douglas|Douglas, Gavin Cunningham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99J-KJ4] - 1912(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3YK Melbourne (Bayswater, 1931-1939, 1947-1950+; Blackburn, 1954; Canterbury, 1955-1960+; Surrey Hills, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 743, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bayswater, 1935-1949); sales representative (Canterbury, 1963; Surrey Hills, 1968-1980)
* [[/Gordon Adye Douglas|Douglas, Gordon Adye]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRVY-WLJ] - 1878(Tas)-1957(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Receive Gormanston (1923); Receive Gormanston (1923); 7GD Gormanston (1924-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 34, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Gormanston, 1914-1928); draughtsman (Queenstown, 1936); geological surveyor (Queenstown, 1937-1943); no occupation (Hobart South, 1949; Blackman's Bay, 1954)
* [[/Hugh Alexander McKay Douglas|Douglas, Hugh Alexander McKay &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV3Y-3W4] - 1889(Eng)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2HD (Class B) Newcastle (1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Class B broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a Listener) - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Newcastle, 1913); vulcaniser (Hamilton, 1930-1935); manager (Newcastle, 1936-1937); engineer (Mayfield, 1943; Hamilton, 1949)

===''DOWDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Lorens Thomas Dowding|Dowding, Philip Lorena or Loreno or Lorens Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZH8-Z6D] - 1901(Tas)-19??(Vic) - Licences: 7AC Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Moonah, 1922); electrician (St Kilda, 1926-1931; Prahran, 1934; Melbourne, 1937; St Kilda, 1943-1949); electrical foreman (Eildon, 1954)
===''DOWNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Downie|Downie, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y2-LQ8] - 1879(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Victoria Police (wireless department, senior constable); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo VPF) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Broadford, 1903); constable (North Carlton, 1909-1924); senior constable (Preston, 1927-1936)
===''DOWNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Evan Downing|Downing, William Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHV4-K46] - 1874(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3LQ Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3LQ Warrnambool (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: brassfounder (Warrnambool, 1912-1937)

===''DOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Laurence Doyle|Doyle, Herbert Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VG-WVC] - 1894(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3HD Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1931); 3CR Melbourne (Malvern, 1933; Kooyong, 1937; Frankston, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 697, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: independent means (St Arnaud, 1924); grazier (Malvern East, 1925-1927); clerk (Malvern East, 1931-1937); home duties (Malvern, 1943)

===''DRAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James George Drake|Drake, James George]] - 1850(Eng)-1941(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1880s &amp; 1890s), state politician (Qld MLA, 1880s &amp; 1890s), politician (Postmaster-General 1901-1903)
===''DRANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Edward Draney|Draney, Walter Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KLP-VT7] - 1896(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milton, Qld, 1919; Greenslopes, Qld, 1921-1928; Tully, Qld, 1937; Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba West, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Drayton, Qld, 1980)
===''DREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred John Drew|Drew, Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-1HH] - 1907(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5LN Adelaide (Kensington, 1933-1939; Erindale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1078, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Erindale, SA, 1943)

===''DUBOIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Louis Dubois|Dubois, Paul Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZQ-QN3] - 1918(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 4UJ Brisbane (Rosalie, 1936-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1947; South Brisbane, 1948; Highgate Hill, 1954-1960; Bardon 1960); 4PL Brisbane (Bardon 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1677, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; senior public servant (PMGD, Telstra) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1943; South Brisbane, Qld, 1949); public servant (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1954-1958); engineer (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977); manager telecommunications (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Duff, William Vere Hobart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZC-JGP] - 1893(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3DB Receive Melbourne (Malvern East, 1922); 3DB Melbourne (Malvern East, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Malvern East, 1914); engineer (Malvern East, 1919-1924; Glenferrie, 1931-1937; Toorak, 1943-1954; Harkaway, 1958-1968)
===''DUFFY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Duffy|Duffy, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-QKJ] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Sydney (Redfern, 1933; Woollahra, 1934; Rose Bay, 1935-1937); 4AQ Brisbane (Grange, 1938); 2AQ Sydney (Bondi, 1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; AOLCP 264, 1936; TVOCP 54, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous JDs, needs review - Electoral Rolls: manager (Woollahra, NSW, 1934); engineer (Vaucluse, NSW, 1935);
* [[/Maurice Boyce Duffy|Duffy, Maurice Boyce &quot;Morrie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRYK-S76] - 1886(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/duffy-maurice-boyce-morrie-6030 ADB]
* [[/William Oswald Duffy|Duffy, William Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2Q2] - 1861(Eng)-1916(Tas) - Licences: XZO Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: signalman (Battery Point, 1914)

===''DUGGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry George Duggan|Duggan, Harry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9H-8LW] - 1905(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3XI Warrnambool (1930-1965); 3AXI Warrnambool (1965-1969); 3XI Garvoc (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 592, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Warrnambool, 1931-1954); engineer (Warrnambool, 1963-1968)

===''DUKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon William Dukes|Dukes, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RY-PGT] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2WD Sydney (Forest Lodge, 1930-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1950; Homebush, 1954-1956; Cremorne, 1957-1958; Lane Cove, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 571, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 139, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glebe, 1933-1937); radio engineer (Homebush, 1943-1949); engineer (Cremorne, 1954-1958); technician (Lane Cove, 1963-1980)

===''DUNDAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Loftus Dundas|Dundas, Reginald Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-8LM] - 1915(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4DU Crawford, Kingaroy Line (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1990, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Theodore, Qld, 1937); labourer (Crawford, Kingaroy Line, Qld, 1949-1972); farmer (Torquay, Qld, 1977)

===''DUNLEAVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Francis Dunleavy|Dunleavy, Joseph Francis]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 508, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (St Kilda, 1924); electrical fitter (Melbourne, 1926; South Yarra, 1931); fitter (St Kilda, 1934)

===''DUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Dunn|Dunn, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSN-T31] - 1898(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2GU Receive Sydney (South Kensington, 1922); 2GU Sydney (South Kensington, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coachbuilder (Kensington, 1930-1943); manager (Kingsford, 1958); retired (The Entrance, 1963-1980)
===''DUNSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter John Dunstan|Dunstan, Walter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-Y3V] - 1904(Vic)-1927(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Receive Ballarat (1922); 3JR Ballarat (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 106, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: gone too soon - Relationships: brother of William Dunstan, Victoria Cross - Electoral Rolls: student (Ballarat East, 1927)

===''DURBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Keep Durbridge|Durbridge, William Keep]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDN-Z4B] - 1908(WA)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 4FS Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Innisfail, Qld, 1930); clerk (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1937); bookkeeper (Dundoo Station, Eulo, Qld, 1937); no occupation (St Kilda, Vic, 1963-1972; Melbourne, Vic, 1977)

===''DUTHOIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert George Duthoit|Duthoit, Albert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ94-V82] - 1901(Tas)-1970(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); labourer (Croydon North, 1931); no occupation (Armadale, 1931); engineer (Hobart South, 1936); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1935-1943); clerk (Ivanhoe, 1949; Oakleigh, 1954; Malvern, 1958); nil (Malvern, 1967-1968)
===''DUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Henry Dutton|Dutton, Thomas Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJG1-LRN] - 1862(Eng)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: painter (Rockhampton, Qld, 1903-1905); commission agent (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1908-1909); printer (Valley, Qld, 1913); traveller (Teneriffe, Qld, 1915-1937)

=='''E'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''EARLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Edwin Earle|Earle, Frank Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YV-B62] - 1900(SA)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 823, 1924 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Erasmus Earle|Earle, Robert Erasmus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLX-NC1] - 1894(Eng)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6LC Perth (Floreat Park, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 4390, 1966, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Floreat Park, 1954-1977)
===''EASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Easter|Easter, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2L-656] - 1914(SA)-1983(???) - Licences: 5RO Montieth (1933); 5RO Port Elliot (1937); 5RO Moonta (1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1111, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Moonta, SA, 1939-1947) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/532330 VWM]

===''EASTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Spencer Easton|Easton, Frederick William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-7XD] - 1914(NSW)-1944(PNG) - licences: 2BQ Sydney (Bondi, 1931-1935; Bellevue Hill, 1936-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 846, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - electoral rolls: projectionist (Rose Bay, 1936-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''EDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Frederick Ede|Ede, Charles Frederick or Friederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7D-PYL] - 1885(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Wellington Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1908; Albion, Qld, 1912-1921); assistant secretary (Manly, Qld, 1925-1963); retired (Wynnum North, 1968)

===''EDGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Waldene Edgar|Edgar, Douglas Waldene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5XS-K4X] - 1895(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6DW New Norcia (1927-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 314, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gingin, 1922; New Norcia, 1925-1954); retired (Nedlands, 1958-1963)
* [[/John Matheson Edgar|Edgar, John Matheson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB42-K1G] - 1881(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Geelong (1923); 3YW Geelong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Training College, Carlton, 1903); state school teacher (Ballarat, 1909); teacher (Ballarat, 1913-1914; Geelong, 1917-1924; Essendon, 1925-1954)
* [[/Mervyn John Edgar|Edgar, Mervyn John or John Mervyn &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4W-647] - 1913(NSW)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4JE Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1302, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Radio Location Unit); radio retailing (Tracksons) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); salesman (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); shop assistant (Bulimba, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''EDWARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Patrick Joseph Edwards|Edwards, Frederick Patrick Joseph]] - 1918(WA)-2004(WA) - Licences: 6DN Merredin (1938-1939); 6DN Perth (West Perth, 1947-1965; Ardross, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2127, 1938, WA; BOCP 278, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Merredin, WA, 1943); wireless operator (West Perth, WA, 1943-1954; Perth, WA, 1958-1968); clerk (Ardross, WA, 1972-1980)
* [[/H. E. Edwards|Edwards, H. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Croydon, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert John Edwards|Edwards, Herbert John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF5-KP8] - 1894(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1937) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 802, 1923; 2COCP 18, 1929; 1COCP 208, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous HJEs - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rose Bay, NSW, 1930-1933); radio operator (Lord Howe Island, NSW, 1949); communication officer (Rose Bay, NSW, 1954)

===''EGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mavis Evelyn Egan|Fogg nee Egan, Mavis Evelyn or Evelene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-1JK] - 1900(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Stanley (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver (YL) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanley, 1928); home duties (Wynyard, 1936-1943; Smithton, 1949; Sale, Vic, 1954; Cohuna, 1963; Devonport, 1972)

===''EGGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Percy Eggleton|Eggleton, Eric Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSTZ-5G9] - 1903(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DA Receive Toowoomba (1923-1924); 4DA Toowoomba (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 81, 1925, No. 9 in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (QATB) - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Toowoomba, 1925-1926); ambulance bearer (Toowoomba, 1931); ambulance superintendent (Dayboro, 1936-1943; Charleville, 1949-1958; Stanthorpe, 1963); retired (Caloundra, 1968-1977)

===''ELDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Mackenzie Elder|Elder, James Alexander Mackenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97W3-7FL] - 1869(Sct)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Awards: KBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Essendon, 1905); merchant (Moonee Ponds, 1908-1909); director (South Yarra, Vic, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/elder-sir-james-alexander-6099 ADB]
===''ELLERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lewis John Ellery|Ellery, Robert Lewis John]] - 1827(Eng)-1908(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Vic Government Astronomer
===''ELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Neville Elliott|Elliott, Robert Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-PPJ] - 1907(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DW Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); company manager (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954-1963); accountant (Brisbane, Qld, 1968); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1972); accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Ronald Donovan Elliott|Elliott, Ronald Donovan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G799-LTX] - 1910(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5RD Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1931-1933; Da Costa Park, 1937; Kirkcaldy, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 758, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939; Westbourne Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Murray Browse Elliott|Elliott, Thomas Murray Browse &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W8-947] - 1899(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4CM Brisbane (City, 1946-1969); operator of Valentine's 4CM licence 1925-1939 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 72, 1925, No. 6 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; early television experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Fortitude Valley, 1921); salesman (Brisbane City, 1925-1931); sound engineer (Observatory, 1937-1943); company manager (City, 1949-1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968)

===''ELLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Austin Ellis|Ellis, Clive Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-9HT] - 1912(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3LZ Melbourne (Williamstown, 1930-1931; Caulfield, 1933-1939; Newport, 1946-1956; Moorabbin, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 598, 1930, No. ?? in Victoria - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1937; Newport, 1943-1954); valuer (Moorabbin, 1958-1972)
* [[/John Osborne Ellis|Ellis, John Osborne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTM-Q42] - 1910(Eng)-1999(SA) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 522, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kimba, 1939-1943)
===''ELSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Robert Elsbury|Elsbury (adopted) or Wilson Bowman (biological), Cyril Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMG-5CW] - 1897(Qld)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6JE Kalgoorlie (1934-1939); 6JE Fimiston (1947-1956); 6JE Nornalup (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1372, 1934, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1922); mine timekeeper (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1925-1943); assistant accountant (Fimiston, WA, 1949-1954); mine paymaster (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1958)

===''ELWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Gregory Elworthy|Elworthy, Colin Gregory &quot;Col&quot;]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''EMBLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Austin Embling|Embling, Stewart Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGH-YQM] - 1907(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925); 3DC Melbourne (Toorak, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 236, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toorak, 1931-1943); assurance officer (Toorak, 1949-1980)

===''EVANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Hubert Evans|Evans, Albert Henry Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH8N-BFX] - 1894(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: XVD Adelaide (Mile End, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 255, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:  assistant manager (Woollahra, 1949)
* [[/Griffith Benjamin Evans|Evans, Griffith Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-HL3] - 1877(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS - Electoral Rolls: naval telegraphist (Eden Vale, Vic, 1914-1915); telegraphist (Coburg, Vic, 1919); retired (Vaucluse, NSW, 1954-1963)
* [[/Percy Evans|Evans, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84B-DKL] - 1894(Eng)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 2OW Sydney (Kensington, 1928-1929; Randwick, 1930-1931); 3OZ Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1947-1948; Boronia, 1948; North Ringwood, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 458, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Kensington, 1930); salesman (Randwick, 1930-1931); sales manager (Camberwell, 1933-1937; Glen Iris, 1949); manager (Ringwood, 1954-1972)
* [[/R. Evans|Evans, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SP Sydney (Clovelly, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 265, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Thomas Evan Evans|Evans, Thomas Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ7-S1L] - 1904(NZ)-1942(At Sea) - 3EV Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1927), 9EV Rabaul (1933+), amateur operator (AOCP 160, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, medical assistant, technical assistant, Civilian POW captured at Rabaul, died on board the &quot;Montevideo Maru&quot; when it was torpedoed and sunk en route from Rabaul to Hainan, where Thomas was destined for forced labour.
* [[/Trevor Elliott Evans|Evans, Trevor Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-GRC] - 1903(Vic)-1979(Vic) - 3KD Receive Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1922-1924), 3RK Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1925-1933; Pascoe Vale, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 159, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (East Brunswick, 1931), contractor (Pascoe Vale, 1972)
* [[/Trevor Frederick Evans|Evans, Trevor Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L292-N4L] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - 2NS Blayney (1925-1929), 2NS Bathurst (1930-1939, 1946-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 113, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (BOCP 19, 1936) (2BS)

===''EVERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Every|Every, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDSS-VT4] - 1894(Eng)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 7GE Hobart (1931); 3GE Queenscliff (1937-1939); 3GE Balcombe (1947-1948); 3GE Carrum (1954-1956); 3GE Bonbeach (1960-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military instructor; WW1 (UK) - Electoral Rolls: silver mounter (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1919); soldier (Launceston, 1922; Hobart South, 1922); military instructor (Hobart South, 1928); soldier (Queenscliff, Vic, 1935-1937); military officer (Albury, NSW, 1943; Victoria Park, Qld, 1949); clerk (Frankston, 1949); accountant (Carrum, 1954)

===''EWING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Thomson Ewing|Ewing, Thomas Thomson]] - 1856(NSW)-1920(NSW) - state politician (NSW MLA), federal politician (MHR, acting Postmaster-General)

===''EXTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Walter Exton|Exton, George Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QY-5XH] - 1882(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 2CZ Lismore (1922-1930) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast proprietor and engineer (2XN Lismore) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lismore, NSW, 1930-1963); retired (Saddlers Crossing, Qld)

=='''F'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''FABER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Thomas Faber|Faber, William John Thomas &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1976(Qld) - 4WF Ayr (-1938+), Brisbane (Kedron, -1948-1949+) , amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''FAGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Reginald Joseph Fagan|Fagan, William Reginald Joseph &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLF3-QPM] - 1883(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: 2RJ Receive Mandurama (1922); 2RJ Mandurama (1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio station (director, 2SM) - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Mandurama, 1913-1943)

===''FAIRHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Fairhall|Fairhall, Allen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZB3-PKT] – 1909(NSW)-2006(NSW) – Licences: 2KB Newcastle (Hamilton, 1928–1929; New Lambton, 1930–1931; Cooks Hill, 1933–1934; City, 1935; Cooks Hill, 1937; City, 1938–1939; Hamilton, 1946–1961; City, 1965-1980+); 2AKL Paterson (1948–1958) – Qualifications: AOCP 391, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 23, 1930 – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, proprietor 2KO Newcastle, WW2 – Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Lambton, 1931–1932); manager (Newcastle, 1933–1949); primary producer (Trevallyn, 1954); M.H.R. (Newcastle, 1958); member of parliament (Newcastle, 1963–1968); manager (Newcastle, 1972–1980) - [[w:Allen Fairhall|Wikipedia]]

===''FALCONER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Illman Falconer|Falconer, Charles Illman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZK9-PJ6] – 1885(Vic)-1962(NSW) – Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923–1924), 3CF Melbourne (East Malvern, 1925–1926; Canterbury, 1927; Surrey Hills, 1931–1939, 1946–1954), 2AUF Terrigal (1955–1961), amateur operator (AOCP 204, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Clifton Hill, 1909), mechanic (Fitzroy, 1914), engineer (Canterbury, 1915–1949), retired (Terrigal, 1958–1963)
===''FALLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyle Clifford Falls|Falls, Lyle Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLC-1VR] - 1899(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Caulfield, 1924-1925); instructor (Kew, 1926-1943)

===''FANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred – see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred (Fanning)
===''FANSHAWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Fanshawe, Arthur Dalrymple]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM7D-QY6] – 1847(Eng)-1936(Eng) – Admiral of UK Fleet, Commander-in-Chief Australia Station – Links: [[w:Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Wikipedia]]
===''FARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell George Farmer|Farmer, Maxwell George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG1-SHR] - 1916(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5GF Adelaide (Knoxville, 1933-1939; North Norwood, 1947-1948; Adelaide City, 1954-1956; Plympton, 1960-1980+); 5GY Portable Adelaide (Knoxville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1217, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FARRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Howard Farrell|Farrell, John Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-CJT] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4WJ Brisbane Windsor, 1933-1939; Chermside, 1946-1948); 4WJ Quilpie (1954-1960); 4WJ Somerset Dam (1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1103, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Windsor, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Chermside, 1943-1949; Quilpie, 1954-1958); superintendent (Somerset Dam, 1963-1972)

===''FAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Harold Faul|Faul, Albert Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTD-S74] – 1907(NSW)-1979(NSW) – Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923–1924); 3AH Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926–1927) – Qualifications: AOCP 288, 1926, No. ?? in Vic – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster – Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1931–1934); lecturer (Camberwell, 1936); engineer (Bellevue Hill, 1936–1937; Camberwell, 1943); company director (Killara, 1949–1977)
===''FAULKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Wollas Faulks|Faulks, Richard Wollas &quot;Wol&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCD3-BQ3] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2WF Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1931; Hurlstone Park, 1933; Canterbury, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 557, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Ashfield, 1930; Canterbury, 1933-1977)

===''FAWKNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Pascoe Robert Fawkner|Fawkner, Ernest Pascoe Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYB-YKW] - 1901(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: manager (Kings Meadows, 1928); furniture manufacturer (South Launceston, 1936)

===''FEENAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Leo Michael John Feenaghty|Feenaghty, Leo Michael John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYG2-RMT] - 1900(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4LJ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 291, 1926, No. 28 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator; state public servant - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, 1925-1931); assistant secretary (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); public servant (Highgate Hill, 1963); retired (Isle of Capri, 1972-1980)
===''FELDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Feldman|Feldman, John Frederick Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNZ-5DH] - 1905(Vic)-1987(Vic) - 3QH Receive Geelong (South Geelong, 1923-1924), 3QH Geelong (South Geelong, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 140, 1925, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, bricklayer
===''FELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Frederick Fell|Fell, Evan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH4-FTW] - 1914(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1932-1939); 4EF Barcaldine (1946-1948); 4EF Mackay (1954-1955); 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1956; Bardon, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 978, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 175, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (inspector); property developer - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashgrove, Qld, 1936-1943); engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949; Mackay, Qld, 1954); public servant (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977)

===''FELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. C. Fells|Fells, L. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FELTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Felton|Felton, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M5-C2J] - 1897(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2RF Sydney (Petersham, 1927-1929; Belmore, 1930-1939, 1946-1956); 2RT Sydney (Kogarah, 1937) - Qualifications: AOCP 366, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Belmore, 1930-1934); engineer (Belmore, 1936-1937); soldier (Belmore, 1943); radio technician (Belmore, 1949-1954)
===''FERGUSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Angus Ferguson|Ferguson, Colin Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DH-9KM] - 1917(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5CJ Mt Gambier (1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1994, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Cyril E. Ferguson|Ferguson, Cyril E.]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 2, 1914, No. 2 in Aus) - coastal station operator?

===''FERRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Walter Cecil Ferrall|Ferrall, Edgar Walter Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMF-G97] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Launceston, 1919-1949); inspector (Kingston Beach, 1954)
===''FERRICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Bernard Ferricks|Ferricks, Michael Bernard &quot;Bernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58X-S4X] - 1914(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4UW Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1471, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); chemist (Northgate, Qld, 1949-1977); retired (Cairns, Qld, 1980)

===''FIEDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Victor Fiedler|Fiedler, Leslie Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHNW-3JZ] - 1906(SA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 5SL Adelaide (Woodville, 1927-1933), 5SL Moonta (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 353, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Henley, 1939-1943); theatre manager (Belmont, 1949); film exhibitor (Mt Lawley, 1958); company director (Mt Lawley, 1963-1968)

===''FIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph William Field|Field, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-Q5T] - 1915(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939; Ormond, 1946-1948); 3LJ Melbourne (Ormond, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 599, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Caulfield, 1937); machinist (Bentleigh, 1942-1977)

===''FILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Crawford Files|Files, Jack Crawford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-JWJ] - 1907(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4JF Brisbane (Buranda, 1932-1935; Coorparoo, 1936-1939; Buranda 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, QSL manager); journalist (Teleradio, WIA Notes); accountant - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1931-1934; Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943-1963)
===''FILMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Le Roy Drowley Filmer|Filmer, Le Roy Drowley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNF-2Z7] - 1902(NSW)-1976(NSW) - 2FT Newcastle (Toronto, 1925-1930; Hamilton South, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 148, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, metallurgist

===''FINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Edward Finch|Finch, Alan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6M4-987] - 1915(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 7CJ Launceston (Mowbray Heights, 1935-1939); 7CJ Hobart (New Town, 1946-1954); 7CJ Kelso (1955-1956); 3AEO Shepparton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1575, 191935, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (St Leonards, 1936-1937); mechanic (New Town, 1943-1954); public servant (Radio Australia, Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1968); technician (Shepparton, 1972)
===''FINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Warren Finn|Finn, Leonard Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2K-4P6] - 1914(SA)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5SP Adelaide (Seaton Park, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1671, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Seaton Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Finney|Finney, William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-W2H] - 1881(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AU Brisbane (Red Hill, 1923-1925); 4WF Brisbane (Red Hill, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 845, 1925; 2COCP 307, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Red Hill, 1903-1905); telegraphist (New Farm, 1908; Newmarket, 1909; Red Hill, 1913-1937; East Nundah, 1949; Wooloowin, 1954)

===''FISHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Hugh Fisher|Fisher, Douglas Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD15-N13] - 1913(Vic)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7AB Launceston (1934-1939); 7AB Burnie (1946-1948); 7AB Devonport (1954-1955); 7AB Lenah Valley (1956); 7AB Zeehan (1960); 7AB Oatlands (1965-1969; 7AB Claremont (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1373, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 7ZEE Neville Grant Fisher - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1936); bank clerk (Launceston, 1937; Burnie, 1943-1949; Devonport, 1954)
===''FISK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Thomas Fisk|Fisk, Ernest Thomas]] - 1886(Eng)-1965(NSW), 2EF Sydney (Lindfield, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur radio operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), broadcast and radiocommunications business proprietor (AWA), operated prior to 1933 under various AWA callsigns, 2MC in 1928 was licensed to his residence at Vaucluse - Links:  [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fisk-sir-ernest-thomas-6177 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198906.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198907.pdf EA2]

===''FITCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campbell Fitchett|Fitchett, John Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-K7W] - 1900(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Licences: XJDM Melbourne (Balwyn, 1913-1914); 3BL Melbourne (Balwyn, 1922-1925; Brighton, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 609, 1921 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Brighton, 1928-1937) - TroveTag: &quot;XJDM-3BL - John Campbell Fitchett&quot;
===''FITTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Stephen Luther Fittell|Fittell, Stephen Luther &quot;Steve&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCN9-KRT] - 1910(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JO Gympie (1929-1939); 4YF Gympie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 487, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 280, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; member radio club (WIAQ, Gympie ARC); commercial broadcaster (4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio specialist (Gympie, 1937); radio dealer (Gympie, 1943-1980)

===''FITZALAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Albini Lawrence Fitzalan|Fitzalan, Herbert Albini Lawrence &quot;Hal&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1951(Qld) - 4HF Brisbane?, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, Halcyon (not mentioned)
===''FITZGERALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Francis Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Eric Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84F-Z7H] - 1907(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2EA Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1928-1929; Burwood, 1930-1931; Pagewood, 1931; Abbotsford, 1931; Bellevue Hill, 1933-1937; Waverley, 1938-1939); 2AAO Sydney (Chatswood, 1950-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 467, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woolahra, 1930-1931); salesman (Coogee, 1937); clerk (Chatswood, 1943-1977)
* [[/Patrick Michael Anthony Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Patrick Michael Anthony &quot;Pat&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G33Q-6K9] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PF Rockhampton (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1802, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1930); public servant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1968); clerk (Corinda, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Emu Park, Qld, 1980)
===''FITZGIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard John Fitzgibbons|Fitzgibbons, Richard John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-QPG] - 1893(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4DV Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fitter (Maryborough, Qld, 1916-1919); engine fitter (Ascot, Qld, 1921-1968)

===''FITZMAURICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Simcoe Fitzmaurice|Fitzmaurice, James Simcoe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-KCF] - 1861(Vic)-1934(SA) - Licences: XYB Perth (1913-1914); 5FT Adelaide (North Walkerville, 1923-1933) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (State Engineer, WA &amp; SA); MIEE, AMIEE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1914-1916)

===''FLAHERTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Thomas Holm Flaherty|Flaherty, Gordon Thomas Holm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Q2-C9T] - 1900(Vic)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CB Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: postman (South Brisbane, 1922); telephone mechanic (Buranda, 1925; Coorparoo, 1928); mechanic (Camp Hill, 1936; Beaudesert, 1937-1943); technician (Camp Hill, 1949-1963)
===''FLETCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Fletcher|Fletcher, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKQ-2QR] - 1891(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 128, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Roebourne, 1913); radio operator (Esperance, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Roebourne, 1917-1918); telegraphist (Oakleigh, 1921)
===''FLOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Flood|Flood, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BF-HPG] - 1883(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 238, 1916; 2COCP 415, 1932; 1COCP 348, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIL Flinders Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Emita, Flinders Island, Tas, 1914-1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1925; Meeandah, Qld, 1928; Eagle Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Cooktown, Qld, 1943); retired (Cairns, 1954-1958; Eventide Home, Charters Towers, 1963)

===''FOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Lillico Fogg|Fogg, Hugh Lillico]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-KRZ] - 1900(Tas)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6HF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1939); 5HF Mt Barker (1947-1948); 3AHF Benalla (1954-1960); 6HF Perth (Inglewood, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 787, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Perth, WA, 1931); clerk (Maylands, WA, 1936); bank officer (Maylands, WA, 1943); manager (ANZ Bank, Benalla, Vic, 1954); retired (Inglewood, WA, 1963-1972)

===''FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry James Bartholomew Foley|Foley, Henry James Bartholomew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QZ-5SV] - 1886(NSW)-1954(NSW) - Licences: Sydney (Randwick, 1911) - Qualifications: pre AOCP - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1913); merchant (Drummoyne, 1930-1954)

===''FOLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Ulrich Francis Folie|Folie, Max Ulrich Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-Y7F] - 1909(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3WZ Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1933); 3GZ Mildura (1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 682, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Auburn, 1931); radio engineer (Mildura, 1934-1968)

===''FONTAINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Alfred Fontaine|Fontaine, Louis Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMDQ-L2V] - 1894(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT, 1914, No. 3 in Aus and Vic - RANRS; coastal wireless operator (VIG, Port Moresby, 1915-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Wyndham, 1918; Geraldton, 1922; Thursday Island, 1934-1936); telegraphist (St Kilda, 1937); radio telegraphist (Malvern, 1942); electrician (Camberwell, 1949)

===''FOOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Foot|Foot, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BT-FVF] - 1878(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 36, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (South Yarra, 1915; St Kilda, 1916-1917); RAN (Balaclava, 1919); tobacconist (Sandringham, 1925); manager (Prahran, 1937); clerk (St Kilda, 1942); retired (Dandenong, 1949-1954)

===''FORECAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Mark Llewllyn Forecast|Forecast, Arthur Mark Llewllyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HPS-H18] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1931; St Kilda, 1933; Caulfield, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; The Basin, 1954-1975; Ferntree Gully, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 279, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 141, 1934; BOCP 156, 1938; 1COCP 245, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Malvern, 1925-1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1931-1934); biograph operator (Caulfield East, 1937-1942; Glenhuntley, 1949); projectionist (The Basin, 1963-1972); retired (Ferntree Gully, 1977; Knoxfield, 1980)
===''FOREMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Graham Foreman|Foreman, Edgar Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD95-36X] - 1908(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4GF Ayr (1935-1939); 4GF Townsville (North Ward, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1577, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanton Hill, Qld, 1930); salesman (Ayr, Qld, 1934-1937); procurement specialist (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1954-1968); proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''FORREST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Forrest|Forrest, John]] - 1847(WA)-1918(???) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1901, 17 days)
===''FORSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Joseph Forshaw|Forshaw, Charles Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-783] - 1895(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: XJDA Melbourne (Elwood, 1913-1914); V736 Receive Hamilton (1922); 3GQ Receive Hamilton (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identifed - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Myrtleford, 1917); clerk (Oakleigh, 1924-1937; Gardiner, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949; Glenhuntly, 1954)
===''FORSYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Arthur Forsyth|Forsyth, Royce Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1R-3S5] - 1917(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1637, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Launceston, 1943); teacher (Hobart North, 1944); schoolteacher (Bellerive, 1949-1972)
===''FORSYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Edgar Forsythe|Forsythe, Leonard Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBY-MTR] - 1894(NSW)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 2BF Receive Sydney (Northbridge, 1922); 2BF Sydney (Northbridge, 1922-1929; Drummoyne, 1930-1933; Snapper Island, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 40, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: flagmaker (Northbridge, 1930-1949); department manager (Drummoyne, 1958); ship's chandler (Drummoyne, 1963-1980)
===''FORTESCUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fortescue|Fortescue, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD8X-GQ7] - 1893(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Toowoomba (1922-1924); 4CF Toowoomba (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (CMF, Colonel); WW2; jeweller - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Toowoomba, 1913-1958); nil (Toowoomba, 1963-1968)

===''FOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Foster|Foster, Ernest John &quot;Ernie&quot;]] - 1914(Qld)-1967(Qld) - 4BY Brisbane, amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), broadcast engineer (4MB, 4BU), military (WW2, RAAF)
* [[/James Foster|Foster, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2Z-27G] - 1915(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5TX Adelaide (North Kensington, 1933-1939); 5LU Adelaide (Dulwich, 1947-1948; Oaklands, 1954-1965; Marion, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1140, 1933, SA; 1COCP 1046, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Frewville, SA, 1943)

===''FOURRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Fourro|Fourro, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4D1-YRR] - 1906(NSW)-1978(ACT) - Licences: 2VF Corowa (1930-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 703, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 165, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Narrandera, 1930); telephone mechanic (Corowa, 1931-1935); wireless mechanic (Corowa, 1936); mechanic (Brighton-le-Sands, 1937); foreman mechanic (2CY Canberra, 1943-1954); supervising technician (2BA Bega, 1958-1963); technician (Merimbula, 1968-1972)

===''FOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Malcolm Fowles|Fowles, Gordon Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H2-RC9] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1931); 3AMF Melbourne (Wheeler's Hill, 1948-1960; Avonsleigh, 1965-1969); 3AMF Cowes (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 490, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Albert Park, 1943; Hamilton, 1949); farmer (Avonsleigh, 1968); retired (Cowes, 1972)

===''FOX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Fox|Fox, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BY-J5Z] - 1886(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 106, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Comment: several contemporaneous WG Fox; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''FRAME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vivian Horace Frame|Frame, Vivian Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ1-4QT] - 1899(Qld)-1959(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Mareeba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman ( Brisbane City, Qld); public works officer (Mareeba, Qld, 1922); architect (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925-1928; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1937; Virginia, Qld, 1949-1954; Norman Park, Qld, 1958)

===''FRANK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kendall Thomas Frank|Frank, Kendall Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-TGZ] - 1904(WA)-1951(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 921, 1926; 2COCP 289, 1930; 1COCP 64, 1935 - ship wireless operator (AWA), coastal wireless operator, amateur operator?, broadcast engineer (4PM) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Lakemba, 1943) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/frank-kendall-thomas-10236 ADB]

===''FRANZI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Franzi|Franzi, William Ronald &quot;Bill&quot; (formerly Emilio Stefan)]] - 1909(Italy)-19??(SA) - 4FR Atherton (1938-1939), 5FR Adelaide (Da Costa Park, 1946-1965; Glenelg East, 1969-1975), 5VK American Beach (1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 2192, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (IREE), military (RAAF), employment (radio technician)
===''FRASER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Douglas Fraser|Fraser, James Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NS-MQ3] - 1900(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2JF Quirindi (1930-1935) - Qualifications: AOCP 637, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quirindi, 1930-1943); engineer (Picton, 1949-1954)
* [[/H. Fraser|Fraser, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2JC Tamworth (1924-1925), amateur operator (no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Henry George Fraser|Fraser, Henry George]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 1001, 1932, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, at least two HGF engineers
===''FRAZER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Frazer|Frazer, Charles Edward &quot;Charlie&quot;]] - 1880(Vic)-1913(Vic) - politician (Postmaster-General, 1911-1913)

===''FREEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Freeman|Freeman, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZL-4F7] - 19??(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Sydney (Burwood, 1929-1939; Ashfield, 1946-1958; Cheltenham, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 544, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: packer (Newtown, 1930-1931; East Sydney, 1933-1935); engineer (Burwood, 1936-1937; Ashfield, 1943-1958; Cheltenham, 1963-1968) - individual not fully identified
* [[/L. Freeman|Freeman, L.]] - 18??-19?? - Licences: XQB Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FREESTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Roy Freestone|Freestone, Leslie Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-NB5] - 1896(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LF Ballarat (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Ballarat, 1916-1920); commercial traveller (Ballarat, 1921-1936); traveller (Brighton, 1937-1954); nil (Geelong, 1977-1980)
===''FRETTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/O'Della Paul Fretten|Fretten, O'Della Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-BQH] - 1894(Eng)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 2RU Sydney (Concord, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 460, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930; Strathfield, 1933); foreman (Lane Cove, 1936-1937); public servant (St Kilda, 1943); cafe proprietor (Melbourne, 1949); sales manager (St Kilda, 1963); instructor (Brighton, 1967-1968); retired (Malvern East, 1972; Fitzroy North, 1977)
===''FREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Samuel Vernon Frew|Frew, Geoffrey Samuel Vernon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87N-ZC1] - 1909(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3PM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PL Melbourne (Brighton, 1960); 3JK Melbourne (Brighton, 1969); 3PM Melbourne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 402, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 66, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1933); manager (Brighton, 1936-1937); engineer (Footscray, 1943; Brighton, 1949-1980)

===''FRIAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Owen Friar|Friar, Archibald Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4LQ-LGV] - 1905(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2AO Ulmarra (1929-1931); 2AO Grafton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 504, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Ulmarra, 1930-1937); garage proprietor (South Grafton, 1943-1963)

===''FROGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard James Frogley|Frogley, Gerard James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7K7-JNM] - 1902(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Richmond, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 240, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (East Melbourne, 1924); battery mechanic (Richmond, 1925-1931)

===''FRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Turner Fry|Fry, Alfred Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRX-2SL] - 1881(NSW)-1928(Vic) - Licences: 7BG Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: metallurgist (Ballarat, 1917; Queenstown, Tas, 1919-1922; Sandringham, 1924-1927)
* [[/Reginald Hall Fry|Fry, Reginald Hall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-9WN] - 1891(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2KC Sydney (Croydon, 1922-1929; Killara, 1930-1933); 2KC Parkes (1934); 2KC Goulburn (1935-1936); 2KC Wollongong (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 86, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Gordon, 1930; Killara, 1933; Goulburn, 1935-1936; Wollongong, 1937; Killara, 1943-1968); engineer (Killara, 1972)
===''FRYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Norman Fryer|Fryer, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KH-TZ8] - 1906(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KF Sydney (Suspension Bridge, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: AOCP 332, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1934; North Sydney, 1936; Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''FULCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Fulcher|Fulcher, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, (Halcyon, P. 4)

===''FYSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHNP-534] - 1835(Eng)-1919(Tas) - state politician (MLC Tas, 1860s through 1890s; MHA Tas 1870s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1903-1904) - Relationships: grandfather of 7PF Philip Oakley Fysh
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YS-4ZR] - 1897(Tas)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7PF Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 128, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Launceston Radio Experimenters' Club, WIA Launceston); WW2 - Relationships: grandson of Philip Oakley Fysh, federal Postmaster-General 1903-1904 - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Launceston, 1922-1954)

=='''G'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''GABBERTAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Gabbertas|Gabbertas, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF9C-2W7] - 1915(Eng)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6GB Perth (Maylands, 1936-1939; Mt Hawthorn, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1810, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); mechanic (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1980)

===''GADSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Wilkinson Gadsden|Gadsden, Stanley Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM38-WZ2] - 1887(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3SW Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 26, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic, Chief of Council, 1926); placed 2nd in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Kew, 1908-1915); manufacturer (Kew, 1917-1954)

===''GALLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Galle|Galle, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-KXN] - 1912(SA)-2008(SA)96yo - Licences: 5QR Adelaide (Prospect, 1931-1939, 1947-1948; Enfield, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 834, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Jabuk, SA, 1939-1941); schoolteacher (Tailem Bend, SA, 1943)

===''GAMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ray Gamble|Gamble, William Ray &quot;Ray&quot;]] - 1928(NSW)-2011(NSW) - broadcast engineer (BOCP 961, 1948), station manager, radio network principal [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/vale-ray-gamble Radio Info]

===''GAMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Gamon|Gamon, George Arthur]] - 1900(Vic)-1977(???) - 3GG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1925-1926; Middle Park, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 89, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''GARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Garing|Garing, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WV-2YG] - 1910(Vic)-2004(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 431, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: cadet (Point Cook, 1931-1934); airman (Point Cook, 1937); RAAF officer (Townsville, 1943; Point Cook, Vic, 1958; Williamtown, NSW, 1958); executive director (Turramurra, 1968); director (Turramurra, 1980)
===''GARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Raymond Garner|Garner, Alan Raymond]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician! (Frankston, 1963-1980)
===''GARNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Garnett|Garnett, Brian]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4AHN Currimundi, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld),
===''GARRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Randolph Garran|Garran, Richard Randolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K822-L54] - 1903(Vic)-1991(ACT) - Licences: 3AW Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1924-1925); manager (Semaphore, SA, 1941; Caulfield, Vic, 1954-1980)
===''GARRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Benjamin Walter Garrett|Garrett, Horace Benjamin Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7PD-9SV] - 1906(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3JI Melbourne (Box Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Box Hill, 1928-1934); radio mechanic (Box Hill, 1936); salesman (Box Hill, 1943-1977)
===''GARTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Garth|Garth, Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DX-47Z] - 1903(Eng)-1959(Tas) - Licences: 2VZ Sydney (Coogee, 1930; Clovelly, 1931-1933; Bankstown, 1934-1936); 4VZ Mackay (1937-1939); 3SF Melbourne (Preston, 1948; Seaford, 1954); 7RG Trevallyn, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 584, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clovelly, NSW, 1930-1933); mechanic (Bankstown, NSW, 1934-1936); electrician (Slade Point, Qld, 1937-1943; Beaconsfield, Tas, 1958)

===''GAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Holman Gay|Gay, Augustus Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PF-938] - 1902(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3SM Warragul (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Warragul, 1927-1934); engineer (South Yarra, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Kew, 1963-1980)
* [[/Vivian James Gay|Gay, Vivian James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYT8-VJJ] - 1908(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 2VI Sydney (Chatswood, 1935-1939; North Sydney, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965); 2VI Burradoo (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1510, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: printer (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943); master printer (Lane Cove, 1949-1968); printer (Artarmon, 1972); retired (Burradoo, 1977-1980)

===''GEAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Vivian Geake|Geake, Wilfred Vivian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTF-H1J] - 1893(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5BR Receive Kooringa (1922); 5BR Receive (Murray Bridge, 1923); Receive Murray Bridge (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hillside, SA, 1939)

===''GEDDES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Albert Geddes|Geddes, Frank Albert]] - 1901(NSW)-1922(NSW) - 2GC Sydney (Waverley, 1922, receive only), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), radio clubs (Waverley Radio Club), due to age licence held in name of father Francis G Geddes

===''GEEVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Leslie Geeves|Geeves, Philip Leslie &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88C-Y8Y] - 1917(NSW)-1983(NSW) - radio broadcaster (VK2ME, 2CH, ABC); employment (AWA, 1937-1970s); journalist (SMH); historian (AWA, broadcasting); awards (OAM, 1980) - Electoral Rolls: radio executive (Bexley, 1949-1963); executive (Hurstville South, 1972-1980)
===''GEISEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK7-NJ4] - 1921(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5YL Murray Bridge (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1788, 1936, SA; 2COCP 448, 1941; 1COCP 544, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''GEORGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Heinrich Alfred August George|George, Heinrich Alfred August &quot;Henry&quot;, &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G387-XZ4] - 1899(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3ZP Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1919-1963)
===''GEORGESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Georgeson|Georgeson, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS1-17Q] - 1897(Eng)-1976(Taiwan) - Licences: 5JD Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1938); 2AKU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1939; Granville, 1946-1947; Artarmon, 1948-1954; Lane Cove (1955); Artarmon (1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1783, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, NSW, 1943); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1963-1968); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1972)

===''GERAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/James Anselm Geraghty|Geraghty, James Anselm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVD-VY9] - 1877(???)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CS Receive Townsville (1923); 4CS Townsville (1923-1924); 4CS Brisbane (Nudgee, 1924); 4CS Gympie (1924); 4CS Townsville (1925); 4CS Gympie (1925-1927); 2JG Wagga Wagga (1929); 7CB Launceston (1931); 4CB Brisbane (Nudgee, 1933); 4AC Bundaberg (1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 186, 1925, No. 17 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion and teacher (Christian Brothers) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Ballarat, 1906; Gympie, 1909-1913; Dunedin, 1914-1916; South Brisbane, 1919-1925; Tamworth, 1930; Bundaberg, 1934; Ipswich, 1943; Albion, 1949; Gympie, 1954); retired (Boondall, 1958-1968)

===''GIBBON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Foster Gibbon|Gibbon, Thomas Foster]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G857-MWS] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XJAV Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914); Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Kew, 1923); 3XZ Melbourne (Kew, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Kew, 1919-1925); electrical engineer (Kew, 1928-1954); engineer (Kew, 1963)

===''GIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gibbons|Gibbons, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XB-YRJ] - 1907(Wales)-19??(???) - Licences: 2FG Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 255, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Neutral Bay, 1930); clerk (Gordon, 1954-1968); director (Turramurra, 1972-1977)

===''GIBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. G. Gibson|Gibson, E. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Ormiston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
*[[/Edgar McLean Gibson|Gibson, Edgar McLean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-SM5] - 1877(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1925), possibly held on behalf of son Leighton - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs - Relationships: father of 4AN William Leighton Gibson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Toowoomba, 1908-1917; Greenslopes, 1922); engineer (Manly, 1936-1937; Hawthorne, 1943-1968)
*[[/George Holland Gibson|Gibson, George Holland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MXPG-HB4] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: XQG Brisbane (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Fortitude Valley, 1915-1917); mechanic (Newmarket, 1919-1928; New Farm, 1937-1943); telephone technician (Bulimba, 1954-1977)
* [[/Richard Leslie Gibson|Gibson, Richard Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9QNS-G8V] - 1900(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2GH Alstonville (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 578, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Alstonville, 1930-1949); retired (Alstonville, 1963-1968; Ballina, 1972)
* [[/William Gerrand Gibson|Gibson, William Gerrand]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWJY-5G9] - 1869(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Politician, Federal Postmaster-General 1923-1929 [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/gibson-william-gerrand-6313 ADB]
*[[/William Leighton Gibson|Gibson, William Leighton &quot;Leighton&quot; &amp; &quot;Gibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-Q7S] - 1907(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 73, 1925, No. 7 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN &quot;Bananalander&quot;); wireless business employee (Phillips Radio) - Relationships: son of 4AN Edgar McLean Gibson - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Manly, Qld, 1936-1937; Camp Hill, Qld, 1943); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949); business executive (Balgowlah, NSW, 1958); regional representative (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GIDDINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hudson Giddings|Giddings or Whitney, Albert Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR4-PDP] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 5FI Adelaide (Nailsworth, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1556, 1935, SA; 1COCP 102, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant, Signals) - Electoral Rolls: PMG employee (Sale, Vic, 1968); technician (Elwood, Vic, 1972); clerk (Hughs, ACT, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/612780 VWMA]
* [[/Albert William James Giddings|Giddings, Albert William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9711-NG3] - 1909(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DG Stratford (1935-1939); 3DG Numurkah (1947-1948); 3DG Lancefield (1954-1969);  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1574, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster;; WW2 (RAAF, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Culgoa, Vic, 1931); bank clerk (Pakenham East, Vic, 1934); bank officer (Stratford, Vic, 1936-1937); warrant officer RAAF (Point Cook, Vic, 1942); bank official (Numurkah, Vic, 1949)

===''GILFILLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles Kent Gilfillan|Gilfillan, William Charles Kent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-93Q] - 1869(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2AM Receive Sydney (Greenwich, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: independent means (Manly, 1913); soldier (Manly, 1930-1935); no occupation (Redfern, 1937); manufacturer (Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''GILHOOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Forrest Gilhooley|Gilhooley, Joseph Aloysius Forrest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-L6N] - 1877(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2AH Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darlinghurst, 1903; Hunters Hill, 1930-1935); traveller (Hunters Hill, 1937-1949)

===''GILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Stewart Gill|Gill, Alan Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH6B-JQ4] - 1907(NSW)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 7AS Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 191, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist &amp; engineer (Electrolytic Zinc Co) - Electoral Rolls: research chemist (Hobart Central, 1928; Sandy Bay, 1936-1949); chemist (Hobart South, 1954)
* [[/Alfred Wyatt McKenzie Gill|Gill, Alfred Wyatt McKenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBP-B8D] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2TS Receive Sydney (Killara, 1923); 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Killara, 1933-1937; Wahroonga, 1949); soldier (Wahroonga, 1943); airline officer (Wahroonga, 1954-1958)
===''GILLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Rex Gregory Gillett|Gillett, Clarence Rex Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWJC-ZDW] - 1919(SA?)-2020(SA) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (All Wave All World DX Club, Australian DX Radio Club (SA Branch), South Australian DX Radio Club, Australian Radio DX Club, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia, New Zealand Radio DX League) - substantial portion (100+) of QSL collection survives (SSD, NFSA)
===''GILLHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman William Gillham|Gillham, Norman William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTT-M8V] - 1906(Tas)-1994(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923-1924); 7NW Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 176, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 944, 1927 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sandy Bay, 1928); joiner (Queensborough, 1936-1937); builder (Nelson, 1943-1954)
===''GILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Clifford Gillon|Gillon, Peter Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD7M-X53] - 1895(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 99, 1915 - Coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls: operator (Bondi, 1934); radio telegraphist (Crow's Nest, NSW, 1936; Cooktown, Qld, 1937; Townsville, 1943); telegraphist (Kensington, NSW, 1949-1954; Cremorne, 1958); radio operator (Cremorne, 1963-1968)

===''GILMOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stanley Gilmour|Gilmour, Norman Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-PVG] - 1890(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2ZU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1930; Potts Point, 1931; City, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 28, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: director (Neutral Bay, 1930); business manager (Darlinghurst, 1931); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1937; Mosman, 1943-1958)

===''GINBEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Haldane Ginbey|Ginbey, Ian Haldane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-73N] - 1913(WA)-1962(WA) - Licences: 6IG Perth (Fremantle, 1938-1939; Bicton, 1947-1948; Attadale, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2084, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1936; Fremantle, WA, 1937; South Fremantle, WA, 1943); salesman (Melville, WA, 1958)

===''GINGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ubitt Victor Ginger|Ginger, Ubitt Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5P-G76] - 1891(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2LF Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923); 2LF Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1924; North Sydney, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; police officer - callsign 2LF to L. R. Filmer, Toronto from Sep 1925, Bracken from 1933 - Electoral Rolls: constable (Chatswood, 1930-1933); police constable (Marrickville, 1934); constable (Naremburn, 1936-1937)

===''GINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Ginn|Ginn, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZC-95C] - 1917(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Townsville (1936-1939; 1946-1948); 4GE Brisbane (Hendra, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1749, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, RAAF, AIF); employment (life insurance agent) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Townsville, Qld, 1943); shop assistant (Windsor, Qld, 1949); salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''GIVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. James M. Givens|Givens, L. James M. &quot;James&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LX-7WR] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3EP Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1923); 3EP Melbourne (Canterbury, 1924-1927); 3XY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 849, 1925; AOLCP 121, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (Canterbury, 1931-1937; Camberwell, 1943); photographer (Delbridge, 1954)

===''GLASSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Ronald John Glassop|Glassop, Ronald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBZX-P8N] - 1910(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 2RF Newcastle (City, 1934-1935; Blackhalls, 1936; Hamilton East, 1937); 4BG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 4BG Maryborough (1947-1969); 4BG North Tamborine (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1288, 1934, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; insurance assessor - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Newcastle, NSW, 1932-1935); clerk (Hamilton, NSW, 1937); insurance inspector (Clayfield, Qld, 1937); insurance secretary (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1968); retired (Miami, Qld, 1972; Mt Tamborine, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''GLOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Frederick Glover|Glover, Alexander Frederick or Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L246-XZ6] - 1925(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3AFG Sale (1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2705, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Sale, 1949); mechanic (Sale, 1954-1980)
* [[/Arthur James George Glover|Glover, Arthur James George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2MT8-CZ8] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1928-1931; Surrey Hills, 1933); 3AG Warrnambool (1937-1939); 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1946-1960; Camberwell, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 392, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 1129, 1928; 2COCP 153, 1930; 1COCP 29, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Box Hill, 1931); engineer (Box Hill, 1936); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1937); engineer (Canterbury, 1943; Box Hill, 1949-1954); automation engineer (Camberwell, 1963-1968); engineer (Camberwell, 1972-1977)
* [[/Maurice Glover|Glover, Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-25R] - 1912(Vic)-2003(Tas) - Licences: 7MG Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 7MG Swansea (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2129, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nelson, 1943); no occupation (Swansea, 1949; Nelson, 1954)
* [[/Maxwell Arthur Glover|Glover, Maxwell Arthur &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-58X] - 1902(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3GB Receive Melbourne (Auburn, 1922); 3GB Melbourne (Camberwell, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: No record of AOCP; 3COCP 671, 1948 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Camberwell, 1924-1934); wool buyer (Toorak, 1935-1936; South Yarra, 1937); director (Malvern, 1949-1980)
===''GLUSKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Gluskie|Gluskie, C. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GODDARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Endacott Goddard|Goddard, John Endacott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNBM-L27] - 1914(WA)-1943(Crete) - Licences: 6JG Perth (North Perth, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1427, 1935, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Fremantle, 1936) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links:  [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/goddard-john-endacott-406692/ Aviation Museum WA]; [https://anzac.site/greece/crete-operation-thesis-goddard/ Operation Thesis]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1703409 AWM Roll of Honour]

===''GOFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Goford|Goford, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZH-W3H] - 1898(Eng)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4MI Mount Isa (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1675, 1936, Qld; BOCP 387, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Mt Isa, Qld, 1937); broadcasting technician (Goonellabah, NSW, 1943); DCA technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1954-1963)

===''GOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold|Gold, Clifford Henry Yarburgh or Yarborough &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19B-YYC] - 1906(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Brisbane (Hill End, 1926-1931); 4CG Toowoomba (1933-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 262, 1926, No. 21 in Qld; AOLCP 186, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (West End, 1928-1931); radio operator (Toowoomba, 1934); projectionist (Toowoomba, 1936-1963); radio technician (Balmoral, 1968-1977) - Relationships: nephew of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; also Doug &amp; Geoff
* [[/Douglas Edward Gold|Gold, Douglas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RL-XQB] - 1917(NSW)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 254, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Toowoomba, 1943-1949); assistant manager (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)
* [[/Edward Edwin Gold|Gold, Edward Edwin &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L13Q-WZV] - 1894(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Toowoomba (1924-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 7, 1924, No. 1 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; awarded Class B licence for 4GR Toowoomba; commercial broadcast station proprietor (4GR); Relationships: father of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; uncle of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowoomba, 1925-1958)
* [[/Geoffrey Kilvington Gold|Gold, Geoffrey Kilvington]] - 1943(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 2210, 1963; AOLCP 1608, 1964 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Douglas Edward Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio broadcaster (Annerley, 1968)
===''GOLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick John Golden|Golden, Patrick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSFG-R49] - 1893(Ire)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4PG Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely UK) - ship wireless operator; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Wynnum Heights, 1928-1931); radio dealer (Clayfield, 1936-1937); radio operator (Flying boat base, Karumba, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''GOLDSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Herbert Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Frank Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93SX-QL8] - 1895(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6FG Perth (Nedlands Park, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 377, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio journalist - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Perth, 1917); journalist (Bunbury, 1921-1922; Nedlands, 1925-1949; Roleystone, 1954-1958); retired (Rossmoyne, 1968-1972)
* [[/Gordon William Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWR-BKR] - 1914(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5HM Cowandilla (1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1629, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GOLDSWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Goldsworthy|Goldsworthy, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4D7-C24] - 1910(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (Valley, 1934-1939); 4WA Rockhampton (1947-1948)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1341, 1934, Qld; 2COCP 1112, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Valley, Qld, 1934-1943); aeradio operator (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)

===''GOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jasper Claude Golley|Golley, Jasper Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-S1F] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5JX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1937; Glengowrie, 1938-1939; Seacliff, 1948-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1522, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Glengowrie, SA, 1939-1941; Seacliff, SA, 1943)

===''GOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Good|Good, Edward Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMS7-P78] - 1864(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Glenrowan (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Taminick, 1903); traveller (Taminick, 1909-1930)

===''GOODE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Russell Goode|Goode, Arthur Russell]] - 1889(Vic)-1971(Vic) - XLK Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1913), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic),  PMGD (telegraphist, Central Office, Melbourne, 1903-1921), Listener-In (journalist; editor), author several books, grandfather of Michael Goode 3BDL
* [[/Michael Goode|Goode, Michael]] - 3ZYY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1969+), 3BDL Melbourne, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1968, No. ?? in Vic), historian (amateur radio, 5 metres), grandson of XLK Arthur Russell Goode

===''GORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Arthur Gorman|Gorman, Clarence Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLZ-X8H] - 1895(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: XCG Sydney (Oatley, 1913-1914); 2EC Receive Sydney (Arncliffe, 1922); 2EC Sydney (Arncliffe, 1923-1925); 2CG Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1929); designated operator 2UI Illawarra Radio Club (Kogarah, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 222, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: NSW winner 1923 Trans-Pacific Tests - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Rockdale, 1930-1931; Kogarah, 1932-1943; Hargrave Park, 1949; Villawood, 1954-1963)

===''GOSTELOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Victor Gostelow|Gostelow, Alfred Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVQ-PCX] - 1897(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: XABD Dorrigo (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Uralla, 1930-1936; Scone, 1937-1949; Terrigal, 1954-1968); retired (Terrigal, 1972)

===''GOTTING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Benjamin Gotting|Gotting, Herbert Edward Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLY-HLD] - 1889(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N760 Receive Braemar (1922); 2ID Receive Braemar (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Braemar, 1930); electrician (Mittagong, 1936-1937); engineer (Mittagong, 1949-1963)

===''GOVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Neville Govan|Govan, Walter Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XF-YDT] - 1905(Vic)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5WG Port Pirie (1934-1939); 5WG Crystal Brook (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1273, 1934, SA; BOCP 40, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lead burner (Port Pirie, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1943)

===''GOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Selwyn Harry James Gover|Gover, Selwyn Harry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-D2L] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Nundah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 789, 1923; 2COCP 43, 1929; 1COCP 249, 1939 - amateur receiver; ship wireless officer - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Annerley, Qld, 1925); marine radio officer (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1968)

===''GOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gelston Stewart Gow|Gow, Gelston Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7HP-61D] - 1895(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: XBW Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2GG Sydney (City, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 411, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1930); electrician (Darlinghurst, 1933-1943); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1954-1972)

===''GOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Nelson James Gowlett|Gowlett, Frank Nelson James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G619-PYV] - 1891(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 163, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Townsville, 1925); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1930-1931); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1934-1937; Cooktown, 1943-1949; Maroubra, 1949); radio officer (Maroubra, 1958-1963)

===''GOYDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil William Goyder|Goyder, Cecil William]] - about 1906(Eng)-1980(NJ, USA) - G2SZ England, amateur operator [http://www.clement-jones.com/ps03/ps03_313.html]

===''GRAHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Ernest Graham|Graham, Donald Ernest &quot;Don&quot;]] - 1933(WA)-2012(WA) - 6HK Perth (Mount Hawthorn, 1954-1956; Wembley Downs, 1960-1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 3162, 1951, No. ?? in WA) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), DoC / DoTaC (WA State Broadcasting Engineer) - a good life, well lived [https://stephbg.livejournal.com/669733.html]
* [[/James Alexander Graham|Graham, James Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G979-6RF] - 1905(Sct)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4JQ Brisbane (Ekibin, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2058, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 510, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Ekibin, Qld, 1937-1954)
* [[/William Denton Graham|Graham, William Denton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGS-KB5] - 1895(Tas)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2RR Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2WG Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 227, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Rockdale, 1930-1937); process worker (Bondi Junction, 1943); iron worker (Rockdale, 1949-1968); machinist (Rockdale, 1977); retired (Liverpool, 1980)
* [[/William Thompson Graham|Graham, William Thompson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR1-SL3] - 1902(Sct)-1987(Tas) - Licences: 7BV Receive St Mary's (1923); Receive St Mary's (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer's assistant (St Mary's, 1925-1954);

===''GRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin John Rawle Grant|Grant, Colin John Rawle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-BXF] - 1902(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4JG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 310, 1926, No. 32 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; accountant - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloowin, 1925-1934); security officer (Eagle Junction, 1936); auditor (West Nundah, 1937); retired (Southport, 1968-1980)
* [[/James Grant|Grant, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2DP Newcastle (Stockton, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 555, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/William Patrick Grant|Grant, William Patrick &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-YJC] - 1917(Ireland)-19??(Ireland) - Licences: 4WU Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1801, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 269, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; air controller (Shannon Airport) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GRANTHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Richard Grantham|Grantham, Sidney Richard &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ6-B8S] - 1920(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4SG Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1946-1956); 4SG Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1960; Hendra, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2083, 1938, Qld; 1COCP 927, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, IREE, RFDS council); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); federal public servant (DCA, Aeradio; PMGD/DoC, radio inspector); broadcast technician (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: RAAF (Yerongpilly, Qld, 1943); broadcast engineer (Harristown, Qld, 1949); engineer (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); radio inspector (Hendra, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GRANVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Florence Violet Granville|Granville (nee) / Wallace / McKenzie, Florence Violet &quot;Mrs Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRR8-ZWS] - 1890(Vic)-1982(NSW) - 2GA Sydney (Sydney, 1922-1924; Greenwich, 1925-1939), 2FV Sydney (Sydney, 1946-1950; Circular Quay, 1954; Greenwich, 1955-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 109, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, business proprietor, signals instructor - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mckenzie-florence-violet-15485 ADB]

===''GRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Gray|Gray, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Albert Howell Gray|Gray, Albert Howell &quot;Dave&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXM-J83] - 1907(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2IJ Receive Sydney (Killara, 1922); 2IJ Sydney (Killara, 1923-1939, 1946-1969; Whale Beach, 1975-1980+); 2AG Sydney (McMahons Point, 1931-1938; Lane Cove, 1939); 2APV Sydney (McMahons Point, 1954; Strathfield, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 90, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Killara, 1930-1936); engineer (Killara, 1937-1968; Whale Beach, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Malcolm Gray|Gray, Frank Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBBV-5XS] - 1910(SA)-2011(Qld)100yo - Licences: 5MU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1932-1933); 5SU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1937-1939, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1017, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 5MU possibly withdrawn for 5MU Murray Bridge - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Toorak Gardens, 1939)
* [[/George Henry Boulderson Gray|Gray, George Henry Boulderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTTN-WVM] - 1912(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JP Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1796, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot, Qld, 1936-1943); sound engineer (Ascot, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''GREEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Green|Green, Albert Ernest]] - 1869(Vic)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - State &amp; Federal politician; Postmaster-General (1931-1932) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Albert Green (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Herman Rowland Green|Green, Herman Rowland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-LGY] - 1915(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: 5OJ Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1679, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. Green|Green, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Yeronga, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter William Green|Green, Walter William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-R87] - 1911(WA)-2012(WA) - Licences: 6WG Albany (1936-1937); 6WG Wiluna (1937-1939); 6WG Albany (1947-1960); 6WG Derby (1965); 6WG Norseman (1969); 6WG Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1676, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936); fitter (Albany, WA, 1958-1963); plant inspector (Norseman, WA, 1968); mechanic (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''GREENHALGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Neal Greenhalgh|Greenhalgh, Kenneth Neal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-NGD] - 1909(NSW)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 2KG Newcastle (Hamilton, 1929-1930; Rooty Hill, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Mayfield West, 1934-1939; New Lambton, 1946-1956; Adamstown Heights, 1957-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 550, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 73, 1932; 1COCP 839, 1944; TVOCP 18, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Hamilton, 1930); broadcasting engineer (2KO Sandgate, 1933); engineer (Mayfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (New Lambton, 1943-1954; Adamstown, 1958-1968; Adamstown Heights, 1977-1980) 
===''GREENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold John Greenham|Greenham, Arnold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH9-QQS] - 1907(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4EE Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933); 4AG Gympie (1934); 4AG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1946-1948); 4AG Caloundra (1954-1956); 4AG Brisbane (Kallangur, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1040, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 807, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; bank employee (NAB) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Gympie, 1936; Innisfail, 1937; South Brisbane, 1943-1949); not stated (Caloundra, 1954-1958); retired (Kallangur, 1963-1972)
===''GREENHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alexander Greenhill|Greenhill, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3K-GWN] - 1904(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LE Brisbane (West End, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1348, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925); ceiling fixer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928); cleaner (West End, Qld, 1937; Archerfield, Qld, 1943); steward (Wilston, Qld, 1949); metal finisher (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); barman (Kirra, Qld, 1958); caretaker (Caloundra, Qld, 1963); cleaner (Woorim, Qld, 1968)

===''GREGORY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. Gregory|Gregory, A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAED Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, possibly Alyn Keith Gregory, bank officer, Bellevue Hill, 1930-1939
* [[/Clyde Francis Burnell Gregory|Gregory, Clyde Francis Burnell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS34-5MV] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Qld) - Licences: Receive Emu Park (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1937); fisherman (Yeppoon, Qld, 1943-1949); taxi driver (Maryborough, Qld, 1958); taxi proprietor (Nelly Bay, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Harold Rigby Gregory|Gregory, Harold Rigby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2C9-CDX] - 1900(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2ED Receive Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1922); 2ED Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1930); inspector (Roseville, 1931-1936); insurance inspector (Roseville, 1937); manager (Newcastle, 1943-1954); insurance manager (Merewether, 1958-1972)
* [[/Robert William Gregory|Gregory, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2FW-QFJ] - 1907(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5GU Mt Barker (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1438, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Kadina, SA, 1939); police officer (Lobethal, SA, 1941-1943)

===''GREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Grey|Grey, Albert Edward &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDK5-374] - 1897(WA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6BO Perth (Nedlands, 1925-1932); 6BO Carnarvon (1933); 6AA Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; RTCP 532, 1920, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP 35, 1934; TVOCP 278 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD); PMGD (postal assistant, Leederville,1919); WW1; RAAF (WW2, radar systems) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1925; Nedlands, 1925-1931); radio inspector (Nedlands, 1936-1972); retired (Nedlands, 1977-1980)
* [[/Elton Edward Grey|Grey, Elton Edward or Edward Elton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWPL-PQ5] - 1920(Qld)-1962(WA) - Licences: 4LX Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939); 6ZX Perth (West Perth, 1948); 6ZX Northam (1954-1955); 6ZX Perth (Leederville, 1956; Floreat Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1689, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (West Perth, WA, 1943); bank clerk (West Perth, WA, 1949); bank officer (Wagin, WA, 1949; Northam, WA, 1954; Floreat Park, WA, 1958)
* [[/James Leonard Grey|Grey, James Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZV-ZY5] - 1915(Sct)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4LN Brisbane (Norman Park, 1937-1938); 2AKO Sydney (Vaucluse, 1939; Pymble, 1946-1961; St Ives, 1965-1969; Neutral Bay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 184, 1934; 2COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF); pilot (RQAC, QANTAS) - Electoral Rolls: aviator (Norman Park, Qld, 1936-1937); airline captain (Pymble, NSW, 1949-1958; St Ives, NSW, 1963-1968); retired (Neutral Bay, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''GRIBBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Gribble|Gribble, Arthur James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Comment: only one reference found, likely misspelling; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''GRIEVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Grieve|Grieve, Ian]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - historian (broadcast); proprietor of Australian Old Time Radio website - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://www.australianotr.com.au/ OTR]
===''GRIFFIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Neville Griffin|Griffin, Thomas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C4-RJ2] - 1889(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2LQ Sydney (Hornsby, 1929-1936); 2AIR Sydney (Northbridge, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 505, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hornsby, 1930-1934); electrical engineer (Artarmon, 1936; Willoughby, 1937; Hornsby, 1943-1949)
===''GRIFFEN-FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bridget Griffen-Foley|Griffen-Foley, Bridget]] - historian (broadcasting) - Professor, Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language and Literature, Macquarie University - author &quot;Changing Stations: The Story of Australian Commercial Radio&quot; &amp; numerous professional articles
===''GRIFFITHS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Arthur Griffiths|Griffiths, Leslie Arthur &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZK-81V] - 1909(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LZ Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1947-1956) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, signaller); cine assistant (Empire Theatre) - Halcyon: AOCP Toowoomba 1938 - Electoral Rolls: assistant projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1931-1937); biograph projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); projectionist (Toowoomba West, Qld, 1963-1968)

===''GRIGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Haydn Errol Grigg|Grigg, Haydn Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BV-N98] - 1899(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922); 2AS Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Darlinghurst, 1935; Edgecliff, 1935-1949; Double Bay, 1954-1968)
===''GRIMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Douglas Grimes|Grimes, Benjamin Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8B-D6J] - 1901(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Annerley, 1923-1924); 4BD Brisbane (Annerley, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 278, 1926, No. 23 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Tarragindi, 1925-1937); share dealer (New Farm, 1943); farmer (Cleveland, 1949-1958); retired (Corinda, 1968-1980)
===''GRIMMETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Urbane Grimmett|Grimmett, Stanley Urbane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L447-3MW] - 1905(NZ)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Newcastle (Hamilton, 1930-1937); 2ZW Sydney (Bankstown, 1938-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1960; Vaucluse, 1961-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 667, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, journalist - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Hamilton, 1930-1937; Strathfield, 1949-1958); Vaucluse, 1963)
===''GRIVELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Grivell|Grivell, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC43-NGM] - 1901(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5BK Yorketown (1930-1933); 5BK Gladstone (1937); 5BK Crystal Brook (1938-1939); 5BK Gawler (1946-1947); 5BK Magill (1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 609, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (5CK Crystal Brook, 1939-1941); telephone mechanic (Gawler, 1943)

===''GROGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold William Grogan|Grogan, Arnold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSS-87B] - 1915(WA)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6EI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1936-1939; City, 1947); 6EI Carnarvon (1948); 6EI Perth (Leederville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1759, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); public servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1949); civil servant (Leederville, WA, 1954-1980)

===''GRONOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rees Gronow|Gronow, William Rees]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVM-KFV] - 1908(Vic)-2003(Vic) - 3EQ Receive Melbourne (City, 1922-1924), 3WG Melbourne (City, 1925-1933; Glen Iris, 1937; Malvern East, 1937; Glen Iris, 1938-1939, 1948-1960; Brighton, 1965-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 178, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, director (Malvern, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1968-1977))

===''GROVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Grove|Grove, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KB-97B] - 1897(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: N746 Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922); 2HZ Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 575, 1920 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Castle Hill, 1930); poultry farmer (Peakhurst, 1933-1949); retired (Burwood, 1963-1972)
===''GROWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Norman Wills Growden|Growden, George Norman Wills &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9C6-15M] - 1913(Vic)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5YM Gladstone (1937-1939); 5YM Wedge Island via Port Lincoln (1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1945, 1937, SA; BOCP 145, 1938; 2COCP 401, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943); wireless operator (RAAF Station, Pearce, WA, 1943)

===''GRUBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Grubb|Grubb, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6WK-K6N] - 1907(Qld)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 4DI Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1931); concrete labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1963); retired (Finch Hatton, 1968)
===''GRUMMITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Frederick Grummitt|Grummitt, Gilbert Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-FFD] - 1906(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4BS Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1929-1933; Hamilton, 1937-1939; Bulimba, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 531, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Fortitude Valley, 1928-1934; Hamilton, 1936-1937); boilermaker (Bulimba, 1949-1958)
===''GRUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hill Grundy|Grundy, Robert Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZP7-F78] - 1915(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5BG Murray Bridge (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 5BG Crystal Brook (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2010, 1937, SA; BOCP 175, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GUILDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Guildford|Guildford, Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-5BG] - 19??(Eng)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4AP Brisbane (Herston, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Sandgate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1342, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, publicity officer) - Electoral Rolls: advertisment writer (West End, Qld, 1934); copy writer (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1936-1949)

===''GUNDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thor Odin Gundersen|Gundersen (BDM) or Gunderson (Census), Thor Odin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHL8-F2W] - 1895(NZ)-1986(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 242, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Bondi, 1930-1931); radio officer (ss Fiona, 1943)
===''GUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Campbell Gunn|Gunn, Kenneth Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-X18] - 1911(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LG Laidley (1932-1937); 4LD Laidley (1937-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 884, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Callsigns: 4LG likely withdrawn for 4LG Longreach - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Laidley, Qld, 1937-1972)

===''GUNTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Eliot Gunter|Gunter, Norman Eliot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2WR-5VB] - 1912(Vic)-1943(At Sea) - Licences: 3NG Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 593, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 372, 1932; 1COCP 51, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (merchant navy, wireless operator) - Electoral Rolls: sales (Caulfield, 1935; Hawthorn, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1428541]
===''GURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Carlisle Gurner|Gurner, Reginald Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8S8] - 1905(SA)-1975(SA) - 5CZ Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); 5RG Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923-1928; Linden Park Gardens, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 31, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Linden Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GURR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Frederick Gurr|Gurr, Alan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-KJV] - 1904(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Geelong East (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geelong, 1926-1928; Belmont, 1931-1972)
* [[/George Henry Gurr|Gurr, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L46K-DBB] - 1896(SA)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 5GO Adelaide (Parafield, 1933); 3QH Melbourne (Stanmore, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1142, 1933, SA; 3COCP 185, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Parkville, Vic, 1926); ground engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1928); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954)

===''GUTTERIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frank Gutteridge|Gutteridge, Reginald Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNYP-KSN] - 1886(Tas)-1942(WA) - Licences: V759 Receive (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm manager (Marnoo, Vic, 1921); electrical engineer (Rupanyup, 1924-1927)

=='''H'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''HADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lionel Trimble Hadley|Hadley, Arthur Lionel Trimble &quot;Doc&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7ZX-G9Y] - 1900(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4AH Brisbane (Clifton Hill, 1930-1933; Dutton Park, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 636, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: signwriter (Taringa, 1921); salesman (Toowong, 1922-1925); motor assembler (Yeronga, 1929); radio mechanic (South Brisbane, 1937); technician (Annerley, 1949-1958); retired (Inala, 1958; Seven Hills, 1963)
===''HADLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Lindsay Hadlow|Hadlow, Martin Lindsay]] - radio clubs (NZDXRL, ARDXC, DXA), early wireless and broadcasting historian (Ph.D. Thesis,)

===''HAGARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neville Douglas Hagarty|Hagarty, Neville Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G38J-GBJ] - 1907(Qld)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster (on 4WH); radio club participant; business proprietor; pilot; federal public servant (DCA) - Relationships: brother of 4WH William Edward Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: woodworker (Hospital Hill, 1930)
* [[/William Edward Hagarty|Hagarty, William Edward &quot;Edward / Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G384-TL3] - 1905(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4WH Longreach (1925-1939); 4WH Townsville (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 172, 1925, No. 16 in Qld; 2COCP 271, 1939; 1COCP 309, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; engineer; postal employee (PMG); federal public servant (PMG) - Relationships: brother of Neville Douglas Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Longreach, 1930-1937); aeradio operator (Longreach, 1943); officer commanding aeradio station (Townsville, 1949-1954); communications officer (Townsville, 1958-1963; Mysterton, 1968)

===''HAI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pham Nhu Hai|Hai, Pham Nhu &quot;Hai&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), Director Broadcasting ITU-R
===''HAIGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bartin Robert Alfred Read Haigh|Haigh, Bartin Robert Alfred Read]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-J8B] - 1854(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: N752 Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2IA Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1930); poultry farmer (Seven Hills, 1933)
===''HAINES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Lewis Harrison Haines|Haines, Claude Lewis Harrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-8F6] - 1906(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5CH Millicent (1933-1937); 3QM Geelong (Belmont, 1938-1939); 5CH Mt Gambier (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1118, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Belmont, Vic, 1937); engine driver (Mt Gambier, SA, 1941-1943)

===''HALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl William Millar Hale|Hale, Carl William Millar &quot;William&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VR-TPL] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3GH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3GH Anglesea (1924-1931+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 120, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Elsternwick, 1924); architect (Hawthorn, 1958-1968; Malvern, 1977-1980)
===''HALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lovett Hall|Hall, Geoffrey Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDB-ZD3] - 1895(Tas)-1972(Tas) - Licences: Receive Waddamanna (1923-1924); 7GH Waddamanna (1925-1931+); 7GH Hobart (1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 137, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 85, 1937 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); engineer (New Town, 1936-1949)
* [[/Graham George Hall|Hall, Graham George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HN-Z89] - 1910(Vic)-1971(Eng) - Licences: 3WO Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931; Hawthorn, 1933); 2AGH Sydney (Five Dock, 1937; Strathfield, 1938-1939; Hurstville, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 482, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Auburn, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Abbotsford, 1937); engineer (Hurstville, 1949-1954; South Hurstville, 1958-1968)
* [[/Reginald Allen Hall|Hall, Reginald Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 539, 1929, No. ?? in ???? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. F. Hall|Hall, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3FH Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3FH Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Charles Hall|Hall, William Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BH Abermain (1930-1933); 2XT Abermain (1934-1936); 2XT Kurri Kurri (1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2XT Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1950-1965; Toronto, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 643, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Abermain, 1935; Kurri Kurri, 1937-1943); hotel licensee (Newcastle, 1949-1963); retired (Toronto, 1972; Carey Bay, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2BH licence withdrawn for 2BH Broken Hill commercial; Beware several contemporaneous WCH in Newcastle region
===''HALLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philpot Hallam|Hallam, William Philpot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MX-Y3J] - 1859(Tas)-1952(Vic) - Licences: XZH Hobart (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; PMGD Vic + Federal - Electoral Rolls: Nil
===''HALLIDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Fred Halliday|Halliday, Eric Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC26-L5B] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5FW Adelaide (Hectorville, 1935-1939; South Payneham, 1947-1969; Magill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1494, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Crystal Brook, 1939)

===''HALYDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Guyler Halyday|Halyday, James Guyler]] - 1904(Vic)-19??(???) - 4HZ Gympie (1939, 1946-1980+) , amateur operator (AOCP 2287, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ; Gympie ARC), military (WW2), employment (SEAQ linesman)

===''HAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilton Ham|Ham, George Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-P28] - 1905(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1923); 4GW Brisbane (Northgate, 1930-1931; Coorparoo, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 572, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (Toombul RC); employment (Chandlers) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1937; St Lucia, 1943-1968); retired (Jamboree Heights, 1972-1980)
* [[/Guildford Ham|Ham, Guildford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67H-W9Y] - 1906(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 101, 1937 - radio technician - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (South Brisbane, 1928-1937); radio technician (South Brisbane, 1943; Bald Hills, 1943; Annerley, 1954); technician (Wavell Heights, 1958-1963)
* [[/Thomas Edward Ham|Ham, Thomas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88F-R3P] - 1921(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4WX Brisbane (Chelmer, 1937-1939); 2AGA Sydney (Kogarah, 1946-1947; Carlton, 1948-1950; Sylvannia Heights, 1954-1975); 4AGT Buderim (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2056, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Sylvannia, 1954-1968); mechanic (Sylvannia, NSW, 1972-1977); retired (Buderim, 1980)
===''HAMILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Ormsby Hamilton|Hamilton, John William Ormsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MG65-XRC] - 1869(Tas)-1944(Eng) - Australian representative of Pacific Radio Telegraph Co and Marconi Telegraph Co, promoted a scheme to link Aus/NZ/Pacific Islands (rejected by Aus Gov 1909), migrated to England to work for Marconi, donated Ormsby Hamilton Radio Prize in memory of his father Thomas Ormsby Hamilton
===''HAMMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Harold Hammond|Hammond, John Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HP-67H] - 1875(NSW)-1932(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: barrister-at-law (Ashfield, 1913); barrister (Killara, 1930-1932)
* [[/Herbert Bowes Hammond|Hammond, Herbert Bowes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-2PK] - 1907(NSW)-1967(NSW) - 2NI Sydney (Chatswood, 1925; Epping, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928; Naremburn, 1929-1930), amateur operator (AOCP 64, 1925 01, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 895, 1925 12; 2COCP 318, 1931), amateur broadcaster

===''HANCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. A. Hancock|Hancock, C. A. or G. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V748 Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922); 3GU Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/D'Arcy Maxwell Hancock|Hancock, D'Arcy Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCG4-L3Y] - 1910(SA)-2017(SA)107yo - Licences: 5RJ Kadina (1927-1939, 1946-1960); 5RJ Adelaide (Mitchell Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 356, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kadina, 1947)

===''HANNAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hannam|Hannam, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G83F-J78] - 1913(NSW)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 2IR Sydney (Hurstville South, 1935-1937); 2IR Orange (1938-1939); Sydney (South Hurstville, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1472, 1935, Qld; BOCP 9, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hurstville, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Orange, 1943; Hurstville, 1949); engineer (Cheltenham, 1949-1954; Moorabbin, 1963)
* [[/Walter Henry Hannam|Hannam, Walter Henry &quot;Wally&quot; &quot;Wal&quot;, &quot;Doc&quot;, &quot;Fatty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273W-H9T] - 1885(NSW)-1965(NSW) - XQI Stamford, Qld (1911-1914); 2YH Sydney (Balmain, 1924; Mosman, 1924-1933; Willoughby, 1934-1939); 2AXH Terrigal (1954-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 27, 1924, No. 10 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; radio clubs (WIA NSW, first secretary 1910); wireless operator Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1912-1914) - Relationships: don't confuse with father William Henry Hannam of Hannams Ltd, engineers &amp; sheet metal workers - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Walter Henry Hannam|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/biography/hannam_walter.php Bio1]; [https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/people/walter-hannam/ Bio2]
===''HANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hansen|Hansen, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-45T] - 1914(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4FH Brisbane (Forest Hill, 1935-1939); 4SV Brisbane (Bulimba, 1948-1965; Carina, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1508, 1935, Qld; BOCP 1039, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, 1937, radio technician); state public servant (BCC, communications officer) - Relationships: father of Graham Hansen 4FV - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Forest Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); WT Operator (Wendouree, Vic, 1942); RAAF (Maryborough, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Carina, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''HARDGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Hardgrave|Hardgrave, Philip &quot;Pop&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMPF-XL5] - 1857(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4PH Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1150, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: oldest person in British Empire to obtain a full licence - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Wellington Point, 1916-1928)
===''HARDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Netherton Kilgour Hardie|Hardie, Bruce Netherton Kilgour]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ95-FMJ] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - 3YX Melbourne (Garden Vale, 1925-1933; City, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 49, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, WIA Vic, accountant
===''HARDISTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Hardisty|Hardisty, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-C4W] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DH Perth (Victoria Park, 1926-1939; West Perth, 1946-1948; Applecross, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 273, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Victoria Park, 1931-1943); radio mechanic (Applecross, 1954-1980)
===''HARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. R. Hardy|Hardy, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2RD Sydney (Glebe, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 187, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''HARKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dennis James Harkin|Harkin, Denis or Dennis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G45Q-9PH] - 1903(SA)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3YN Receive Melbourne (Prahran, 1923); 3KF Melbourne (Kensington, 1924-1925); 3YN Melbourne (Preston, 1924-1926); 4YN Bowen (1927); 3YN Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1931); 3YY Newport (1938); 6YN Pearce (1938); 3ADJ Melbourne (Prahran, 1946-1948; Middle Park, 1954-1956; Thornbury, 1960-1975); 4ADJ Maryborough (1980) - Qualifications: CPRT 782, 1923; 1COCP 280, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club participant (WIAQ); career military (RAAF); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Preston, Vic, 1926; Brunswick, Vic, 1931; Newport, 1937); RAAF (Clifton Hill, 1942); technician (Prahran, 1949; Albert Park, 1954); radio technician (Thornbury, 1963-1972); nil (Maryborough, 1977-1980)

===''HARLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Harlen|Harlen, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8MP-TWB] - 1884(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Sunnybank, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1908); fruit grower (Sunnybank, Qld, 1912-1949)

===''HARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Nicoll Harley|Harley, Gordon Nicoll]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-41H] - 1901(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: &quot;4AR Unlicensed&quot; Ipswich (1926-1928); 4GH Ipswich (1928-1933); 4GH Didcott (1937-1939); 4GH Maryborough (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 385, 1928, No. 43 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (radio manufacture); employment (school teacher); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Brassall, 1925); school teacher (Didcot, 1936-1943); teacher (Maryborough, 1949); school teacher (Maryborough, 1954-1980)

===''HARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Harmer|Harmer, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRTY-KHZ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4XW Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Camp Hill, 1954-1956; Coorparoo, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1301, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIAQ); telephone technician (PMGD); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1954); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''HARRANTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wolf Harranth|Harranth, Wolf]] - 1941(Austria)-2021(Austria) - Licences: OE1WHC Austria - curator of Dokufunk, host of the world's largest collection of amateur radio and broadcast QSLs; amateur radio operator; broadcast announcer; historian (amateur radio, broadcasting); children's book author; translator - provided the core of the WIA QSL collection
===''HARRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Harris|Harris, Alfred Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY1-F4K] - 1900(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3CH Birchip (1926-1939; 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: AOCP 303, 1926, No. ?? in Vic -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, class B licence? - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ouyen, 1924); electrical engineer (Birchip, 1925-1954; Power Station, Ouyen, 1963)
* [[/Ross Clifford Harris|Harris, Ross Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y2-DZF] - 1917(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5FL Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1939; Malvern, 1947-1948; Hawthorn, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1651, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Valentine Harms Harris|Harris, Valentine Harms]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PM-FDM] - 1909(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6NL Perth (Shenton Park, 1935-1939; Applecross,  1947-1969); 6NL Denmark (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1579, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 6YL Ruth Victoria Harris nee Longley - Electoral Rolls: garage employee (Subiaco, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); mechanic (Applecross, WA, 1949-1972)
===''HARRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Lionel Carr Harrison|Harrison, Percival Lionel Carr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-VDC] - 1912(WA)-2001(WA) - Licences: 6LH Perth (Claremont, 1937-1939; Armadale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1909, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Claremont, WA, 1936-1937); civil servant (Armadale, WA, 1943-1980)

===''HARRISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Harriss|Harriss, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8HN-THZ] - 1873(Eng)-1932(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Longreach Radio Club), business proprietor (Jackson &amp; Harriss) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Longreach, 1930) - Relationships: father of Dorothy Winnifred Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss
* [[/Dorothy Winnifred Harriss|Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGYC-3CP] - 1905(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4DH Longreach (1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 573, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); first YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: typist (Longreach, 1930); home duties (Longreach, 1936-1943; Warwick, 1949; Toowoomba, 1954-1977; Macgregor, 1980) - Relationships: daughter of Alfred George Harriss
===''HARRISSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harrisson|Harrisson, Charles &quot;Snowy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-VK3] - 1908(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1933); 3CN Shepparton (1937-1939); 7CH Hobart (Moonah, 1954-1960); 7CH Burnie (1965); 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 348, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of Charles Turnbull Harrisson, biologist in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Shepparton, 1936-1949); bank manager (Moonah, 1954)

===''HARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie William Harston|Harston, Leslie William or William Leslie &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQD-XVY] - 1897(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1932-1939, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 903, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (art shop) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Clayfield, Qld, 1921-1943); no occupation (Holland Park, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''HART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Samuel Hart|Hart, Augustus Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CMQ-4CP] - 1890(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 57, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Watchem, Vic, 1912; Glen Thompson, 1913); wireless engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1936-1937); wireless operator (Esperance, 1943); telegraphist (Darwin, 1949); wireless officer (Moonee Ponds, 1963-1968; Essendon, 1972)
* [[/James Claude Hoyte John Hart|Hart, James Claude Hoyte John &quot;Hoyte John&quot;, &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWC-W4C] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2HO Sydney (Manly, 1928-1931; Roseville, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; St Ives East, 1957-1975; Manly, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 410, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 4622, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1933-1954; St Ives, 1958-1963); retired (St Ives, 1968-1977; Manly, 1980)
* [[/Norman Victor Hart|Hart, Norman Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNK3-TXW] - 1908(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4KO Booval (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 760, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIA, Ipswich RC); engineer - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Booval, 1932-1937); grocer (Booval, 1943-1949); radio technician (Booval, 1954-1972; East Ipswich, 1977-1980)

===''HARVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. C. L. Harvey|Harvey, B. C. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAC Melbourne (Port Melbourne, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edward Rossiter Harvey|Harvey, Edward Rossiter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBP-BK8] - 1918(WA)-2009(Qld) - Licences: 6RG Perth (Scarborough, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4RK Surfers Paradise (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2041, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Leederville, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1943); newsagent (Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); shopkeeper (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1963); proprietor (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Mermaid Waters, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Manning Herbert Harvey|Harvey, Manning Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZGG-LFZ] - 1887(Tas)-1932(Tas) - Licences: XZC Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1914-1928)

===''HASKARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Geoffrey Haskard|Haskard, Reginald Geoffrey &quot;Geoff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-S35] - 1906(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Jamestown, 1923-1924); 5RH Adelaide (Jamestown, 1927-1931; North Adelaide, 1933; Malvern, 1937-1939; Helmsdale, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1975; West Beach, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 316, 1927, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1558, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retreader (Malvern, 1939-1941); wireless operator (Malvern, 1943)

===''HATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Westrop Henry Hatfield|Hatfield, Westrop Henry &quot;West&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-VF5] - 1909(Vic)-1998(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)
===''HATTAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Hattam|Hattam, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZV-QDL] - 1906(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3HW Castlemaine (1929-1939); 3BAL Castlemaine (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 541, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 410, 1941 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Castlemaine, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Castlemaine, 1954-1967); engineer (Castlemaine, 1968-1972)

===''HAWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haworth|Haworth, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G823-JT3] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences Q737 Receive Qld (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ironside Estate, 1917); mechanic (Taringa, 1921-1928); lineman (North Tmborine, 1931); electrical mechanic (Eagle Heights, 1936; Toowong, 1937); telephone mechanic (Bundaberg, 1943-1949); technician (Toowong, 1954-1972); retired (Caloundra, 1977-1980)
===''HAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edgar Cecil Hawson|Hawson, Thomas Edgar Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-ZV9] - 1916(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Ipswich (Woodend, 1937-1939; East Ipswich, 1947-1948); 4CH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1969; Salisbury, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2016, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: agent (Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (East Ipswich, Qld, 1949); storekeeper (Windsor, Qld, 1954; Yeronga, Qld, 1958; Salisbury, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''HAYMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Inglis Hayman|Hayman, William George Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-CX1] - 1897(Eng)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6BG Perth (Claremont, 1925); 6GH Perth (Claremont, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist; educator - Electoral Rolls: lecturer (Claremont, 1922-1929); engineer (Claremont, 1931-1954); civil servant (Claremont, 1958-1968) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hayman-william-george-12971 ADB]
===''HAYNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Lot Henry Haynes|Haynes, Bruce Lot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC44-8M4] - 1898(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2YA Armidale (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Armidale, 1930-1936); poultry farmer (West Pennant Hills, 1943-1958)
* [[/Thomas Ambrose John Haynes|Haynes, Thomas Ambrose John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSC5-WXM] - 1902(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5AY Adelaide (Black Forest Estate, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 835, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Black Forest, 1939-1943)

===''HAZLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett|Hazlett, Royce Stanley Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXX4-F38] - 1932(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4ZRH Brisbane (Wellers Hill, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOLCP 1159, 1961, Qld - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4EO Stanley Albert Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1963); electrical contractor (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1968-1972); contractor (Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Stanley Albert Hazlett|Hazlett, Stanley Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC33-RH7] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4EO Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 4ZRH Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, Qld, 1925-1928); buyer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''HEARPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Hearps, David Edward]] - See David Edward Vaughan (assumed change of name)

===''HEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Harry Heath|Heath, Allan Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y4-4DT] - 1914(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5ZX Adelaide (Prospect Park, 1934-1939; Highgate, 1947-1956; Brighton, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1369, 1934, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''HEATHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Heathers|Heathers, Cyril John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XN-NG9] - 1909(Eng)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2GZ Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1934); 2UA Sydney (Bankstown, 1935-1939; Artarmon, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 615, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Bankstown, 1930-1943); telephone engineer (Artarmon, 1949-1968); engineer (Artarmon, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2GZ callsign likely withdrawn by PMGD for 2GZ Orange commercial

===''HEILBRONN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Heilbronn|Heilbronn, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJHL-PW3] - 1894(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4GG Chinchilla (1929-1939); 4GG Yarraman (1946-1955); 4GG Crows Nest (1956); 4GG Millmerran (1960); 4GG Brisbane (Wynnum, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 565, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Qld Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fireman (Chinchilla, 1925-1937); locomotive driver (Yarraman, 1954); engine driver (Millmerran, 1943-1958); retired (Wynnum, 1963-1968) 
===''HEINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Heine|Heine, John Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VS-V1F] - 1908(Tas)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 7JK Hobart (City, 1927; Bellerive, 1931); 4JX Brisbane (City, 1933; Ascot, 1935; Kangaroo Point, 1937; Mowbray Park, 1938-1939); 3JF Melbourne (Beaumaris) (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 355, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, 1934; Norman Park, 1937); engineer (Brighton, 1949); representative (Beaumaris, 1954-1980)
===''HEINRICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Latimer Heinrich|Heinrich, William Latimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG5-S7Y] - 1917(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5HR Bute (1934-1939); 5HR Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1376, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmhand (Bute, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HEITSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry John Keith Heitsch|Heitsch, Henry John Keith or Heinrich Johann]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CV-QYP] - 1907(Vic)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 3HK Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1939, 1947-1975); 4AHK Scarness (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 516, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano fitter (Mitcham, 1931-1954); technician (Mitcham, 1963-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1980)

===''HELLAWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Herbert Hellawell|Hellawell, Francis Herbert &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK5G-478] - 1885(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur radio clubs (member, WIQ); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, 1913-1914; Coorparoo, 1919; East Annerley, 1925; Annerley, 1929-1934); clerk (Brisbane City, 1937); no occupation (Beachmere, 1943-1949; Annerley, 1954-1958)
===''HELLYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leicester Henry Hellyer|Hellyer, Leicester Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KFNW-BTC] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LS Sydney (Rockdale, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 600, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Rockdale, 1930-1933; Manly, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936-1937; Willoughby, 1943; Artarmon, 1949-1963; Newport, 1968-1977)

===''HENDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Henderson|Henderson, Frederick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-XRX] - 1891(Eng)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 208, 1916 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/S. A. Henderson|Henderson, S. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JN Adelaide (Walkerville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HENNESSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] - 1896(Qld)-19?? - 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld), fourth YL operator in Qld
===''HENRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Geddes Henry|Henry, Arthur Geddes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4QW-K9Z] - 1907(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK Sydney (Sandringham, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 494, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Sandringham, NSW, 1930-1937); engineer (San Souci, 1949-1963; Northbridge, 1968)
* [[/Clement John Henry|Henry, Clement John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6T-RPC] - 1905(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Uralla (1923); 2CH Uralla (1924-1929); 2UR Uralla (1930-1939); 2UR Blakehurst (1946); 2UR Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1948-1957; Pymble, 1958-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 85, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Withdrawal: 2CH callsign withdrawn in 1930 for 2CH Sydney - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Uralla, 1930-1937); electrical fitter (RAAF Richmond, 1943); technician (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954; Pymble, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Edwin Henry|Henry, John Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL6B-GD6] - 1868(Vic)-1933(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Receive Mt Alford via Boonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: baker (Gundy, NSW, 1913); farmer (Boonah, Qld, 1917-1921); storekeeper (Mt Alford, Qld, 1922-1926); baker (Dayboro, Qld, 1928; Wondai, Qld, 1931)
* [[/Raymond Cherrington Henry|Henry, Raymond Cherrington &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-C1Y] - 1894(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5CY Cook (1935-1939); 5RY Adelaide (Goodwood, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1421, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: Son, also named RCH, passed in WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HENWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Franklin Henwood|Henwood, Ralph Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89X-CF6] - 1912(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6RL Perth (North Perth, 1930-1933; Claremont, 1937); 6RL Northam (1946-1948); 2AXA Sydney (Rose Bay, 1960-1961); 6RL Perth (Claremont, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 720, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 2, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio serviceman (Claremont, 1936); radio operator (6AM) (Northam, 1937); radio technician (Northam, 1943-1949; Claremont, 1954); technician (Bellevue Hill, 1958; Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977)

===''HEPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Dean Hepton|Hepton, William Dean &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRBB-VN5] - 1898(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4WD Brisbane (Milton, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 918, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, instructor 1932-1935) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1921; Milton, Qld, 1925-1963)

===''HERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Kinross Herd|Herd, James Kinross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-YSQ] - 1901(Vic)-1963(Vic) - 3JK Baccus Marsh (1924-1927), 3JK Wangaratta (1933-1939, 1946-1956), 3JK Mornington (1960), amateur operator (AOCP 36, 1924, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''HERSCHEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Victor Herschel|Herschel, Henry Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4N6-76H] - 1902(Qld)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4UK Cairns (1929-1931); 4UK Toowoomba (1933); 4UK Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 564, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1925; Cairns, 1930; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937)- Comment: Passed too soon

===''HESKETH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hesketh|Hesketh, John]] - 1868(Eng)-1917(Vic) - early wireless experimenter, senior state public servant (Qld electrical engineer), senior federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer), military (Royal Engineers, Eng; Qld Defence Force, lieutenant)

===''HEWITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Hewitt|Hewitt, Archibald John &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DZ-TNY] - 1910(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939); 5XK Kingscote (1946-1948); 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1954; College Park, 1955-1956; Lucindale, 1960; Semaphore, 1965-1969; Ottaway, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 582, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Kingscote, 1939-1941)
* [[/Clarence Richard Hewitt|Hewitt, Clarence Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6D1-718] - 1900(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Brisbane (Rosalie, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1919); student (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1921-1926); moulder (Rosalie, Qld, 1928); carpenter (Rosalie, Qld, 1936-1943; Indooroopilly, Qld, 1949); hotel manager (Indooroopilly, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Horace Thomas Hewitt|Hewitt, Horace Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MN6S-JBL] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PD Brisbane (Moorooka, 1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2377, 1939, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Hodgson, Qld, 1925; Bowen, Qld, 1930); mechanic (Roma, Qld, 1936-1937); turner (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Thomas George Hewitt|Hewitt, Thomas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-PLM] - 1900(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 4TH Cairns (1937-1939); 2LH Lismore (1946-1961); 2ATG Lennox Head (1955-1961) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Cairns, Qld, 1930-1943; Lismore, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''HIAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Charles Hiam|Hiam, Robert Charles &quot;Charles&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VCT-14T] - 1888(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: XLD Melbourne (Balaclava, 1913-1914); 3LW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1931; Caulfield North, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 174, 1915 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: tailor (St Kilda, 1913-1928; Caulfield, 1931-1968); retired (Beaumaris, 1972-1980)

===''HICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Joseph Hicks|Hicks, Henry Joseph &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QG-RRR] - 1913(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 1HH Macquarie Island (1955-1956); 4HG Willis Island (1963); 9HG Lae, New Guinea (1965-1969); 4HG Tolga (1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 2468, 1941, Qld; 1COCP 784, 1944 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: letterpress machinist (Cairns, 1936-1937); printer (Newtown, 1943); radio officer (Broome, 1963); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1972); retired (Tolga, 1977-1980) - Awards: BEM (1958, Officer in Charge, Radio Weather Reporting Station, Willis Islets)

===''HIGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Gordon Conway Higgins|Higgins, John Gordon Conway &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD45-FKK] - 1884(NSW)-1963(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 29, 1914 - wireless telegraphist, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Perth, 1910-1912); radio engineer (Prahran, 1925-1927); manufacturer (St Kilda, Vic, 1934-1937); soldier (Caulfield, 1942); military duties (South Yarra, 1949); retired (Dromana, 1954; Sorrento, 1963)

===''HILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Edward Hilder|Hilder, Henry Edward]] - 1919(???)-1984(Qld) - 4HH Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1946-1948; Nudgee, 1954-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, AIF Signals), employment (Brisbane Fire Brigade, communications), (Halcyon says AOCP Brisbane 1936 but no record)
===''HILDYARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol David Hildyard|Hildyard, Athol David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-TBD] - 1919(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7DH Hobart (City, 1936-1939, 1948; Montagu Bay, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1735, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; 1AOCP 50, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcast technician (Hobart South, 1943-1949); radio engineer (Montagu Bay, 1954)
===''HILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Wyatt Hill|Hill, Alfred Wyatt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Y-5VM] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Arthur Stanley Hill|Hill, Arthur Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-FRC] - 1906(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6AH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1985, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Husband of 6MH Mary Lilian Hill nee - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Wiluna, WA, 1931); engineer (Wiluna, WA, 1936-1949); business manager (Wiluna, WA, 1954-1963); retired (West Busselton, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/Frederick John Hill|Hill, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-1J5] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TY Kurri Kurri (1929-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 500, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: colliery employee (Pelaw Main, 1930; Stanford Merthyr, 1934; Kurri Kurri, 1936-1937); winding driver (Kurri Kurri, 1968)
* [[/Mary Lilian XXXX|Hill nee , Mary Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-JZY] - 1906(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6MH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6MH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1976, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 6AH Arthur Stanley Hill - Electoral Rolls:

===''HILLHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Reid Hillhouse|Hillhouse, James or James Reid]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-YZJ] - 1907(Sct)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4ZO Collinsville (1933-1939, 1947-1975); 4ZO Bowen (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1115, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coal miner (Collinsville, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Gladstone, Qld, 1977)

===''HILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Hilton|Hilton, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPR-P1K] - 1876(???)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XEQ Sydney (St Leonards, 1913-1914); 2BA Receive Sydney (Crows Nest, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Newtown, 1903); postmaster (Stockton, 1930-1932; Kurri Kurri, 1934-1936); retired (Long Jetty, 1943-1949)

===''HINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Hine|Hine, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBY-3SZ] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2QL Sydney (Campsie, 1935-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Homebush, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1434, 1935, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Campsie, 1930-1931; Temora, 1932-1935); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1936-1937; Concord, 1943); radio officer (Homebush, 1954-1958; Strathfield West, 1968; Homebush, 1977-1980)

===''HIPWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Anson Le Hunt Hipwell|Hipwell, Ronald Anson Le Hunt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HJ-SMM] - 1902(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Swan Hill (1929-1933); 2ACD Broken Hill (1937-1939); 3ACD Melbourne (Dromana, 1955-1956); 5AJ Port Augusta (1960-1965); 3AEI Melbourne (Dromana, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 486, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 140, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1925); electrical engineer (Swan Hill, 1931); radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1935-1943); radio electrical fitter (Dromana, 1949-1954); retired (Dromana, 1972)

===''HIRSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jacob Alexander Hirsch|Hirsch or Deerson, Jacob or Jakob Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWZX-RZ3] - 1896(Aus)-1979(Aus) - Licences: 2AE Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Oatley, 1930-1937); clerk (Canberra, 1949); no occupation (Pambula Beach, 1954-1972; Merimbula, 1977)
===''HITCHCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leith Fuller Hitchcock|Hitchcock, Leith Fuller]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWC-Y61] - 1897(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4LH Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1931-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bacteriologist (Wooloowin, 1921-1936); research officer (Wooloowin, 1943-1949)

===''HOAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. M. Hoad|Hoad, C. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 319, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - Individual not yet identified
===''HOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Cecil Hoar|Hoar, John Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVKW-HND] - 1900(Eng)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6OR Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1939; Mosman Park, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 786, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Barracks, Fremantle, WA, 1925-1931; East Fremantle, WA, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, WA, 1949-1963)

===''HOARE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Hoare|Hoare, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99K-6N4] - 1895(NSW)-1975(NSW) - 2PH Gosford (1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 82, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, railway signalman
* [[/Pierce Mark Hoare|Hoare, Pierce Mark]] - 1895(NSW)-1988(NSW) - 2SL Lismore (1934-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1227, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Richmond River Listeners' League)

===''HOBART-DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Hobart-Duff, William Vere see Duff, William Vere Hobart]]
===''HOBCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hurtle Horace Hobcroft|Hobcroft, Hurtle Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-G5T] - 1899(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5RE Adelaide (West Brunswick, 1928); 5RE Renmark (1931-1939, 1946-1956); 5RE Adelaide (Linden Park, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 420, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Relationships: Father of Rex Kelvin Hobcroft - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlton North, 1925-1926; Brunswick West, 1928); horticulturalist (Renmark, 1939-1943)

===''HOBLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Forde Hobler|Hobler, Cecil Forde]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Barcaldine, 1928) - Relationships: cousin of 4DO Harold Learmonth Hobler?
* [[/Harold Learmonth Hobler|Hobler, Harold Learmonth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKZ-8N1] - 1906(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 1217 Rockhampton (1921-1924); 4DO Receive Rockhampton (1923); 4DO Rockhampton (1925-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 110, 1925, No. 12 in Qld; CPRT 1003, 1928 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, JOTA); business proprietor (picture theatre), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1930-1937); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1943); soldier (Bulimba, 1943); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1949); theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1958-1963); property owner (Rockhampton North, 1968-1977) - Relationships: cousin of Cecil Forde Hobler?

===''HODDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Hodder|Hodder, Clarence William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLK-ZRC] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5LY Adelaide (Parkside, 1934-1939, 1947; Bridgewater, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1354, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HODDINOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Hoddinott|Hoddinott, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4Q-3X7] - 1886(Vic)-1972(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Eagle Junction, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockville Estate, Toowoomba, Qld, 1908; Toowoomba, Qld, 1912; Sandgate, Qld, 1919; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1921-1943; West End, 1949); retired (Tamborine Mountain, Qld, 1958-1963; Hendra, Qld, 1968)

===''HODGKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Charles Hodgkinson|Hodgkinson, Francis Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBM-J4S] - 1906(???)-1977(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: jeweller's assistant (Ulverstone, 1928-1949); watchmaker (Ulverstone, 1954)

===''HODSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Hodson|Hodson, Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-DV2] - 1890(SA)-1917(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 145, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hoe|Hoe, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS4Q-CSG] - 1886(Vic)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer; business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Father of 4FO Fred Hoe - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fortitude Valley, Qld, 1913; Yeronga, Qld, 1916-1919); manager (Yeronga, Qld, 1921-1972)
* [[/Fred Hoe|Hoe, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G796-MWK] - 1913(Vic)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4FO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1933-1939; Annerley, 1946-1954) -  Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 53, 1931; AOCP 1188, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Edgar V. Hudson); business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Son of Frederick Hoe - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Yeronga, Qld, 1936-1937); general manager (Annerley, Qld, 1949); business manager (Salisbury, Qld, 1954); manager (Buranda, Qld, 1954-1963; Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968); company director (Holland Park West, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''HOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hogg|Hogg, Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TCR] - 1908(Eng)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6SG Harvey (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1382, 1934, WA; BOCP 142, 1938; 2COCP 240, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: milk tester (Harvey, WA, 1930-1937); radio operator (AAMS Wireless Station, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949); aircraft engineer (Kewdale, WA, 1954-1968; Belmont, WA, 1972); retired (Coodanup, WA, 1977; Mandurah, WA, 1980)

===''HOLLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Evan Holland|Holland, Albert John Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-VBH] - 1896(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 12, 1924, No. 3 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 3JH Frank Henry James Holland - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925; Essendon, 1926); engineer (Essendon, 1928-1931; Camberwell, 1936-1954); nil (Nunawading, 1963)
* [[/Frank Henry James Holland|Holland, Frank Henry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-S1W] - 1899(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 596, 1920 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well placed in Trans-Pacific Tests 1923 despite inferior equipment - Relationships: brother of 3JH Albert John Evan Holland - Electoral Rolls: wireless instructor (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925); boot repairer (Essendon, 1926-1928); labourer (North Essendon, 1931); boot repairer (Olinda, 1934-1943); postal clerk (Sandringham, 1949); clerk (Heidelberg, 1954-1968)
* [[/Ronald Weymouth Holland|Holland, Ronald Weymouth &quot;Ron&quot;]] - 1914(???)-1983(Qld) - 4AQ Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 2392, 1939, No. ?? in Qld)
===''HOLLOWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hart Holloway|Holloway, William Hart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-HRT] - 1876(Eng)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 20, 1914; 1COCP 41, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Brunswick, Vic, 1909; Whitemark, Flinders Island, 1914-1919); wireless operator (Broome, 1918-1922); O.J.C. Radio (Camberwell, 1924-1926); radio officer (Thursday Island, 1928); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Emita, Flinders Island, 1936-1937); farmer (Lady Barron, 1943-1949)

===''HOLST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Owen Holst|Holst, Arnold Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-ZPD] - 1898(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: XPH Melbourne (Caulfield, 1913-1914); 3OH Melbourne (Toorak, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY); electrician - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: sharebroker (Camberwell, 1922-1934; Toorak, 1935-1972)
* [[/Hector James Holst|Holst, Hector James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-X23] - 1903(Vic)-1954(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1954) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1925-1954)
* [[/Otto Holst|Holst, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-2M7] - 1906(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1955-1967) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 79, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY) - took over 3BY callsign after passing of brother Hector James Holst in 1954 - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Caulfield, 1928-1963)
===''HOLT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Molineux Holt|Holt, Bernard Molineux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQR-MJP] - 1883(NZ)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - president WIA WA; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA WA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1910-1914; Osborne, 1917-1954)

===''HOMBERG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. G. Homberg|Homberg, S. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3RG Melbourne (Malvern, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morten Honnor|Honnor, John Morten]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNV-ZM6] - 1900(SA)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 5AE Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 192, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1941); RAAF (Ballarat, Vic, 1942); instructor (Hampton, 1949; Bentleigh, 1954-1980)

===''HOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Hamilton Hood|Hood, John George Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G772-RK8] - 1904(NSW)-1971(Vic) - 3BP Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922); 3BP Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1933; Toorak, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 182, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (East St Kilda, 1925-1931); draughtsman (Toorak, 1934-1937; Malvern, 1943-1967)

===''HOOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel George Alfred Hooke|Hooke, Lionel George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NK-KDV] - 1895(Vic)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 3M? Melbourne - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 529, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator (Aurora, 1914, support Shackleton's expedition), radio clubs (IRE Aust), business (AWA, senior management), honours (knighted, 1937) - Electoral Rolls: wireless (Brighton, Vic, 1921-1927); business manager (Neutral Bay, 1933); manager (Killara, NSW, 1936-1972) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hooke-sir-lionel-george-alfred-10536 ADB]

===''HOOKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Theodore Hooker|Hooker, Walter Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1W-QB5] - 1901(St Kitts)-1949(Tas) - Licences: 7JH Hobart (New Town, 1933-1939); 7JH Waddamanna (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1161, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart North, 1922); electrical engineer (New Town, 1928); electrician (New Town, 1936); engineer (Waddamanna, 1937-1943)

===''HOOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Wallbank Hooper|Hooper, Allan Wallbank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8M-VJG] - 1898(SA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 432, 1919; 2COCP 8, 1929; 1COCP 127, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: unemployed (Manly, NSW, 1949); telegraphist (Little Bay, NSW, 1949; Yarra Bay, NSW, 1954-1958)

===''HOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyndsay Arthur Hope|Hope, Lyndsay Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYX-575] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Tas) - Licences: 7LA Launceston (1925-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 188, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; WW2; gave up experimental callsign for use by his Class B licence, 7LA Launceston - Relationships: brother of 7RS Ronald Springfield Hope - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Launceston, 1928); bank officer (Ulverstone, 1936); accountant (Scottsdale, 1949; Bridport, 1954-1972)
* [[/Ronald Springford Hope|Hope, Ronald Springford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTCW-PDG] - 1909(Tas)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 7RS Launceston (1926-1927); 7RS Hobart (City, 1931; Sandy Bay, 1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 263, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 75, 1932; ROCP N1832, 1976 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (designed &amp; constructed transmission systems for 7HO Hobart &amp; 7UV Ulverstone); later employed by STC England - Relationships: brother of 7LA Lyndsay Arthur Hope - Electoral Rolls: broadcast engineer (Queensborough, Tas, 1936); not specified (Finchley, Eng, 1936-1938); engineer (Thornleigh, NSW, 1949-1954); company director (Beecroft, NSW, 1958-1980)
===''HOPKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alfred Hopkins|Hopkins, Edward Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM4D-3QJ] - 1902(Tas)-1992(NSW) - Licences: Receive Moonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 4858, 1964 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Moonah, 1928); engineer (Milson's Point, 1936-1943); electrical engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1949-1954); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1958-1980)

===''HORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin John Horan|Horan, Kevin John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-FTZ] - 1912(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5DQ Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1931; Unley, 1933); 2AJU Broken Hill (1938-1939); 5DQ Adelaide (Flinders Park, 1947-1960; Grange, 1965-1969); 3ZD Melbourne (Glen Waverley, 1975); 5IT Adelaide (Fulham, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 672, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clovelly, NSW, 1943); manager (Glen Waverley, 1972-1977)

===''HORN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Horn|Horn, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS41-9K4] - 1909(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Tara (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2021, 1937, Qld; BOCP 578, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Somerset Dam, Qld, 1936-1937; Baralba, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); medical practitioner (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Irvan James Horn|Horn, Irvan James or James Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-GB6] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6JH Perth (City, 1928, 1937-1939); 3HX Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 427, 1928, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 29, 1935; 1COCP, 127, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Perth, WA, 1936-1937); wireless officer (Subiaco, WA, 1943); electrical contractor (Subiaco, WA, 1949); contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1949); electrical contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1963); retired (West Perth, WA, 1977; Subiaco, WA, 1980)
===''HORROCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Samuel Blake Horrocks|Horrocks, George Samuel Blake]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF94-19M] - 1911(WA)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 6GS Harvey (1932-1939, 1947-1948); 6GS Wagin (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 919, 1932, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1154, 1950; TVOCP 61, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Harvey, WA, 1936-1949); radio technician (Mt Lawley, WA, 1954); technician (Bentleigh North, Vic, 1963)

===''HOSKEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Dryden Hosken|Hosken, Arthur John Dryden]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6KH-BX8] - 1889(Eng)-1966(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 727, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Williamstown, 1914-1919); Amalgamated Wireless (Darwin, 1922)
* [[/Stanley Victor Hosken|Hosken, Stanley Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HWQ-MGG] - 1894(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3MP Receive Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3MP Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923-1924; Surrey Hills, 1925-1933; Broadmeadows, 1934-1939; St Albans, 1946-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1965; Mitcham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 6, 1924, No. 2 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (3AR, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hawthorn, 1919-1924); electrical engineer (Surrey Hills, Vic, 1925-1931); senior mechanic PMGD (3AR station, Broadmeadows, 1936-1937); civil servant (3AR Station, St Albans, 1942-1954); nil (Hawthorn, 1963-1967; Mitcham, 1968)
===''HOSKING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Piere Hosking|Hosking, Aubrey Piere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYV-D7R] - 1891(South Africa)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 376, 1918; 1COCP 117, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Townsville, 1919); telegraphist (South Yarra, Vic, 1921-1922); radio telegraphist (Canterbury, Vic, 1924); sales manager (Canterbury, Vic, 1925-1926; Balwyn, Vic, 1928; Lindfield, NSW, 1930-1963)
===''HOSKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stark Hoskins|Hoskins, John Stark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61K-FZ3] - 1891(NZ)-1987(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 147, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Claremont, WA, 1929)

===''HOWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Earl Stephen Howard|Howard, Earl Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMV-XQL] - 1895(Tas)-1938(Vic) - Licences: 7ET Hobart (Moonah, 1928-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 470, 1928, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922; Moonah, 1928-1936)
===''HOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Maxwell Howden|Howden, John Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH2L-7LN] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: 3ZCH Melbourne (Burwood, 1956; Box Hill 1960-1975); 3BQX Melbourne (Box Hill, 1980+) -  Qualifications: AOLCP 187, 1956; AOCP V610, 1979 - amateur operator - Relationships: son of 3BQ Walter Francis Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Walter Francis Maxwell Howden|Howden, Walter Francis Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G43K-1TC] - 1899(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: No 19 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1920); V140 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1921); 3BQ Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3BQ Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1927; Canterbury, 1928-1939 &amp; 1946-1975+); 3ABQ Melbourne (portable, &quot;Canterbury&quot;, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 114, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, first to QSO USA; first to QSO England, first on telegraphy, then telephony; journalist (Listener In); Bright Star Crystals 1930s-1950s; QSLs: substantial portion of QSL collection survives at NFSA (1800+) - Relationships: father of 3ZCH/3BQX John Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls: student (Box Hill, 1924-1927); wireless engineer (Ringwood, 1928); engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1954) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199611.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199612.pdf EA2]
===''HOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph Howe|Howe, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD83-QNG] - 1886(Irl)-1949(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 117, 1915; 1COCP 15, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Pinkenba, Qld, 1919; Moonah, Tas, 1922; New Town, Tas, 1928-1943)
* [[/Raymond Raine Howe|Howe, Raymond Raine &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHH-KJN] - 1919(Qld)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 4RH Bundaberg (1936-1939); 2ARH Sydney (Vaucluse, 1946-1955; Epping, 1956-1960); 3YH Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1812, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; 3AIR 1009, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); military (RAAF, career, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: Wireless Operator (Richmond, NSW, 1943); RAAF (Vaucluse, NSW, 1949); RAAF officer (Campbell, ACT, 1963); RAAF (Syndal, Vic, 1967); RAAF officer (Dickson, ACT, 1972-1977); retired (Narrawallee, NSW, 1980)

===''HOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Montague Howlett|Howlett, Arthur Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPZ-NWZ] - 1882(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 130, 1915; 2COCP 253, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Esperance, 1916); warrant officer R.A.N.R.S. (Thursday Island, 1919); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1925-1931; Clayfield, Qld, 1936); wireless operator (Clayfield, 1943-1954); retired (Clayfield, Qld, 1958)

===''HUBSHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lassalle Paul Hubsher|Hubscher or Hubsher, Lassalle Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWF-8DP] - 1913(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4UL Brisbane (Bulimba, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1578, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; Evans Deakin engineering - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); draftsman (Annerley, 1943-1968)

===''HUDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Hudson|Hudson, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4BR-1P4] - 1895(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XBO Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1913-1914); 2PO Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923); 2AR Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1922-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 18, 1924, No. 8 in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1963) - Comment: beware, several contemporaneous WHHs

===''HUEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Meredyth Huey|Huey, Richard Meredyth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WP-Y1Z] - 1913(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2HU Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1931; Cronulla, 1933-1937); 3UE Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1938-1939); 2AHU Sydney (Sylvania, 1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 437, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Cronulla, 1935-1937); army officer (Melbourne, 1943); engineer (West Pennant Hills, 1949; Pennant Hills, 1954; Edgecliff, 1958-1963; Sylvania, 1977-1980); retired (Mittagong, 1980)

===''HUGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Roy Huggins|Huggins, David Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDW3-LXL] - 1892(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: organ builder (Petersham, 1913); piano maker (Neutral Bay, 1930-1968); builder (Cremorne, 1972)
===''HUGHES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Alan Hughes|Hughes, Clive Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MV-3XQ] - 1900(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3CA Ararat (1927); 3CA Melbourne (Williamstown, 1931-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 343, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Williamstown, 1924-1928); schoolmaster (Williamstown, 1936-1963)
* [[/George Herbert Hughes|Hughes, George Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-4JB] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4HU Brisbane (Windsor, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1929, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: store keeper (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1937); branch manager (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); technician (Tarragindi, Qld, 1963-1980)
===''HUGO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald William Stuart Hugo|Hugo, Ronald William Stuart or Stewart (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-CLZ] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KW Perth (Subiaco, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Floreat Park, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2081, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Subiaco, WA, 1931-1934); salesman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1963); manager (Floreat Park, WA, 1968-1977)

===''HULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Galbraith Hull|Hull, Allan Galbraith &quot;Braith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-PTY] - 1905(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - journalist (Wireless Weekly, editor; Radio and Hobbies, editor 1939; Australasian Radio World, editor 1940-1950) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; 3JU Ross Amos Hull - Electoral Rolls: sales (St Kilda, Vic, 1926-1927); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1931); journalist (Northbridge, NSW, 1934; Bondi, NSW, 1935-1936); engineer (Rose Bay, 1937); manager (Malvern, 1942); journalist (Mornington, 1949); publisher (Sandringham, 1954); printer (Oakleigh, 1958-1963; Chadstone, 1967-1968; Glen Iris, 1972; Mt Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frederick Atherley Hull|Hull, Frederick Atherley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5M-MT9] - 1906(NZL)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6FH Pingrup (1930-1931); 6FH Port Hedland (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 6FH Perth (Claremont, 1960-1975; Nedlands, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CRPT 1139, 1929; 2COCP 271, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Perth, 1929); radio operator (Port Hedland, 1937-1954); unemployed (Claremont, 1958); technical officer (Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 6RH Raymond Alfred Hull
* [[/George Maxwell Hull|Hull, George Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LQ-S44] - 1916(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3ZS Melbourne (Canterbury, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2307, 1939, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Canterbury, 1943); proprietor (Canterbury, 1949-1980)
* [[/Raymond Alfred Hull|Hull, Raymond Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP1-BSL] - 1908(NZ)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6RH Pingrup (1929-1931); 6RH Perth (Wembley, 1937; Mt Hawthorn, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 558, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 590, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, 1934); traveller (Subiaco, 1949); sales director (Victoria Park, 1958-1963) - Relationships: brother of 6FH Frederick Atherley Hull
* [[/Ross Amos Hull|Hull, Ross Amos]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-P5W] - 1902(Vic)-1938(USA) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic Kew, president, 1923); journalist (Wireless Weekly, technical editor; QST, technical editor) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198902.pdf EA]
* [[/William Howard Hull|Hull, William Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7WJ-723] - 1891(Tas)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Relationships: brother of 3JU Ross Amos Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Cobungra, 1914-1915); engineer (Armadale, 1921; Brighton, 1922-1931; Caulfield, 1934-1949); retired (Beaconsfield Upper, 1954)

===''HUME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest James Hume|Hume, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYR-TZM] - 1869(Vic)-1929(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; son of James Hill Hume, father of Ernest Jeremy Hume
* [[/Ernest Jeremy Hume|Hume, Ernest Jeremy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-727] - 1906(SA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - chief engineer 5DN - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Unley, 1939-1941; Oakleigh, Vic, 1949-1963; Carnegie, 1968-1977) - Relationships: grandson of James Hill Hume, son of Ernest James Hume and Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy
* [[/Geoffrey Vincent Hume|Hume, Geoffrey Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQCL-NM1] - 1909(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2GV Sydney (Cremorne, 1927-1930); 2AMD Sydney (Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 365, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Neutral Bay, 1930-1936; Mosman, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942); clerk (Turramurra, 1949); technical assistant (Pymble, 1954-1980)
* [[/James Hill Hume|Hume, James Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-SLD] - 1822(??)-1887(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - alleged very early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: father of Ernest James Hume; father-in-law of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; grandfather of Ernest Jeremy Hume 
* [[/Stella Leonora Harriet Jeremy|Hume nee Jeremy, Stella Leonora Harriet]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-33D] - 1882(Vic)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil -  radio announcer (early 5DN) - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Ernest James Hume; daughter-in-law of James Hill Hume; mother of Ernest Jeremy Hume
===''HUMPHRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] - See Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood 4JH
* [[/Jack Lawrence Humphry|Humphry, Jack Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7M] - 1889(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JK Poopoonbah via Giru (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1349, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Husband of 4JH Innis Jane Lovett Humphry nee Spotswood - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Hodel, Ayr, Qld, 1912-1937; Poopoonbah, 1949-1954)
===''HUNT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Alexander Hunt|Hunt, Joseph Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-9MM] - 1912(WA)-2002(WA) - Licences: 6JA Perth (Maylands, 1938-1939); 6JD Perth (Rockingham, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2112, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, WA, 1936; Maylands, WA, 1937-1949); retired (Rockingham, WA, 1972)

===''HUPPATZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Huppatz|Huppatz, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWTP-DF5] - 1900(Vic)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5GW Cowandilla (1931-1933); 5GW Naracoorte (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 801, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Naracoorte, SA, 1939); engineer (Cowandilla, 1941-1943)

===''HURLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Hurll|Hurll, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXC-BFF] - 1904(NSW)-2003(Qld, 98yo) - Licences: 2BC Sydney (Killara, 1924-1930); 4NJ Tallebudgera Creek (1931-1935); 2HJ Sydney (Killara, 1935-1937; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2IN?/2DKH Sydney (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 96, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, CMF, CINT), business proprietor (Gas Light Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Killara, 1930); merchant (Killara, 1936-1937); soldier (Strathfield, 1943); company manager (Burwood, 1949-1963); Managing Director (Killara, 1968); Director (Killara, 1972-1980)

===''HURRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Bruce Hurry|Hurry, Ronald Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-G1C] - 1911(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 693, 1930, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster?, electrical engineer, teacher - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HUSBAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Errol Husband|Husband, Norman Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6F7-N7B] - 1893(Qld)-1961(NSW) - Licences: XABY Sydney (North Sydney, 1913-1914); 4CV Receive Charters Towers (1923); 4CV Charters Towers (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Charters Towers, 1917-1922; Mackay, 1925-1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1949-1958)

===''HUTCHINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings|Hutchings, Allan Thomas Edwards]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-2TM] - 1903(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HL Receive Callawadda (1922-1923); 3HL Callawadda (1924-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of 3HM Elizabeth Lilian Hutchings nee Edwards; brother of 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Callawadda, 1927-1972)
* [[/Elizabeth Lilian Edwards| Hutchings nee Edwards, Elizabeth Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-25T] - 1877(Vic)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 3HM Callawadda (1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 509, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1926-1942) - Relationships: mother of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings and 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - First woman in Australia to hold an amateur licence under the AOCP regime - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1925-1942) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Marjorie Lilian Hutchings|Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB52-GSC] - 1912(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Callawadda (1932-1939; 1946-1948); 3HQ Melbourne (Bentleigh, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1030, 1932, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: daughter of 3HM Elizabeth Lillian Hutchings nee Edwards; sister of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Callawadda, 1934-1937); nurse (Alfred Hospital, Prahran, 1943); home duties (Callawadda, 1949; Bentleigh, 1949-1968) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''HUTCHINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Elwood Hutchinson|Hutchinson, Charles Elwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-S6J] - 1894(Vic)-1942(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 728, 1922; 2COCP 278, 1930; 1COCP 307, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Esperance, 1919); radio telegraphist (Darwin, NT, 1922); telegraphist (Esperance, 1925-1931); radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1936-1937; Alberton, SA, 1939; Yatala, SA, 1941)
* [[/John Victor Thomas Hutchison|Hutchison, John Victor Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89S-PY2] - 1907(NZ)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2JH Sydney (Kirribilli, 1927-1937; West Ryde, 1938-1939; Croydon, 1946-1955; Bardwell Park, 1956-1965; Castle Cove, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 374, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1010, 1928 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Milson's Point, 1930-1937); laboratory assistant (Croydon, 1943-1949); radio technician (Bardwell Park, 1958-1968)
===''HUTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Hutson|Hutson, James William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-Z6J] - 1912(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Echuca (1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 635, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon
===''HUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Hutton|Hutton, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-JXG] - 1912(Sct)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Abermain (1929-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 551, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abermain, 1934-1963; Klworth, 1972-1977); retired (Klworth, 1980)

===''HYLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Philip Hyland|Hyland, Leonard Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8N6-XLK] - 1903(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: 7LP Hobart (City, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1791, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 271, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Hobart Central, 1928) - Comment: Passed on Duty; Gone too soon - Links: [https://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/tasmania-fire-service-chief-chris-arnol-urges-everyone-to-reflect-on-the-selflessness-of-firefighters-in-the-pursuit-of-public-safety/news-story/59c6315bbf383ef9bb4e270d60cd9296 Mercury]

=='''I'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''IKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Ikin|Ikin, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWFZ-C37] - 1887(NSW)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 4SM Townsville (1925-1926); 4SM Brisbane (New Farm, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 201, 1925, No. 18 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (dealer licence); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanical engineer (Gladstone, 1913); engineer &amp; electrician (Barcaldine, 1914); manager (Strand Motors, Townsville, 1925); motor mechanic (Mt Garnet, 1937-1949; Cardwell, 1949); farmer (Mareeba, 1954-1972)

===''INGLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Stanley Inglis|Inglis, Kenneth Stanley]] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - historian (ABC); &quot;This is the ABC&quot;; &quot;Whose ABC?&quot; - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Ken Inglis|Wikipedia]] [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1031461X.2018.1493961 Obit]

===''IRELAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Keith Ireland|Ireland, Leslie Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRMD-BPV] - 1908(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5KR Mt Gambier (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 950, 1927; AOLCP 60, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633509 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1721431 AWM]; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ireland-leslie-keith-47849/ AHM]

===''IRESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melville Charles Gladstone Ireson|Ireson, Melville Charles Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZT-ML6] - 1898(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3ZY Kyneton (1931-1933); 3AIR Kyneton (1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 305, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Maldon, 1919); telegraphist (Ballarat, 1925); postal employee (Kyneton, 1931-1954)

===''IRVINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Irvine|Irvine, William]] - 1907(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4IR Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1987, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WIs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''IRVING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Lawson Irving|Irving, Cyril Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-65R] - 1912(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4WL Brisbane (Annerley, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1199, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1980)

===''ISLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Clifford Isles|Isles, James William Clifford &quot;Clifford&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBVH-RV1] - 1894(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CC Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1922); 4CC Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (QWI); business proprietor (Isles Love &amp; Co, Allan &amp; Stark); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1915-1937); manager (Hamilton, 1943-1958); director (Hamilton, 1963)
===''ISRAEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Samuel Israel|Israel, Morris Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-CBC] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XMU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913); 3ZN Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924; Malvern, 1925-1926; Burwood, 1927); 3ZN Geelong, 1931-1933; 3ZN Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 13, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 35, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcasting executive; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (St Kilda, 1919-1924); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1926-1928); broadcasting engineer (Geelong, 1931); engineer (Geelong North, 1936; Camberwell, 1937-1963);

===''IVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Albert Ives|Ives, Cecil Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-848] - 1916(SA)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 5AF Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1451, 1935, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: commercial artist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ives-cecil-albert-300407/]

=='''J'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''JACKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil Jackson|Jackson, Alfred Cecil &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDLP-F65] - 1900(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4AJ Brisbane (Fairfield, 1931); 2BO Bangalow (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 620, 1921; 1COCP 67, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG, Brisbane Cmcls); state public servant (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Fairfield, Qld, 1928-1931); farmer (Possum Creek, NSW, 1934-1937); mechanic (Fairfield, Qld, 1943-1954); farmer (O'Possum Creek via Bangalow, NSW, 1958-1963)
* [[/Alfred George Jackson|Jackson, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY5P-2X1] - 1864(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: 4DG Receive Brisbane (Wynnum, Qld, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; radio clubs (WIQ, QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer - Relationships: father of Arthur Appleton Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1903-1913); electrician (Wynnum, Qld, 1914-1934)
* [[/Arthur Appleton Jackson|Jackson, Arthur Appleton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY55-M8F] - 1891(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer; business proprietor; Relationships: son of Alfred George Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Wynnum, Qld, 1913-1914; Morningside, Qld, 1915-1919; Wynnum, Qld, 1919; South Brisbane, Qld, 1921-1968); retired (Hill End, Qld, 1972; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1977; Hopetoun Home, Oxley, Qld, 1980)
* [[/James William Jackson|Jackson, James William &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7FH-JCW] - 1916(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4CN Brisbane (Cribb Island, 1938-1939; 1946-1969; Lawnton, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2096, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); military (WW2,Northern Command Signals); farmer/electrician/radio &amp; TV serviceman - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cribb Island, Qld, 1937-1968); rubber worker (Lawnton, Qld 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Jackson|Jackson, Thomas William]] - 1830(Eng)-1918(Vic) - Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria ca 1880, clubs &amp; societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, ca 1880)

===''JAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Russell James|James, Brian Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLV-GXV] - 1920(SA)-1944(Europe) - Licences: 5BL Adelaide (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2293, 1939, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 76 Squadron RAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://highgate-rsl.org.au/afcraaf-roll/james-brian-russell-417490/]
* [[/Hector Keith James|James, Hector Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-WVL] - 1905(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2XA Receive Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923); 2XA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Ashfield, 1934; Double Bay, 1935-1936; Coogee, 1937-1938; Woollahra, 1939; Summer Hill, 1948-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 183, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Summer Hill, 1930-1933), engineer (Edgecliff, 1936; Ashfield, 1949; Summer Hill, 1943-1963)
* [[/Herbert Ronald James|James, Herbert Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-1SM] - 1904(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Birchip (1931-1933); 3LH Drouin (1938-1939); 7LH Western Junction (1947); 7LH Launceston (1948); 3AJJ Melbourne (Deepdene, 1954); 3AJJ Lubeck (1955-1956); 3AJJ Braeside (1960); 3AJJ Rupanyup (1965-1969); 3AJJ Nowa Nowa (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 813, 1931, Vic; BOCP 17, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Merbein, 1925); fitter &amp; turner (Merbein, 1928-1931); radio engineer (Merbein, 1936); technician (Western Junction, Tas, 1949); radio engineer (Deepdene, 1954); technician (Rupanyup, 1963-1968); retired (Nowa Nowa, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. James|James, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZE via Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Thomas Reynolds James|James, Thomas Reynolds]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, worked on original Melbourne-Williamstown telegraph line 1854, later in charge of Melbourne Telegraph Office, but transferred to inspectorial work in 1879 due to disorganisation, reinstated in 1880)
===''JAMIESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Jamieson|Jamieson, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4SY-YNQ] - 1896(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: XJW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 3CJ Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1926); 3XX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 130, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1921-1925); mechanic (Malvern, 1926-1968)
* [[/John Edward Jamieson|Jamieson, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-M43] - 1910(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6LA Perth (Beaconsfield, 1930-1933); 6LA Kalgoorlie (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 673, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1936-1937); salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1943); radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954)

===''JANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Harold Jansen|Jansen, Claud or Claude Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-9TN] - 1890(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: V751 Receive Yarrawonga (1922); 3GW Receive Yarrawonga (1922)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: printer (Yarrawonga, 1913-1922); linotype engineer (Yarrawonga, 1924-1931); printer (Shepparton, 1934-1937); linotype operator (Albury, 1937-1949); engineer (Albury, 1954-1968)

===''JARDINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Jardine|Jardine, William Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZC-T63] - 1911(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3PR Melbourne (Essendon, 1929-1933); 3PR Leongatha (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 533, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 108, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Craigieburn, 1934); dairy farmer (Leongatha, 1937-1954); salesman (Leongatha, 1963-1980)
===''JARMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Arthur Jarman|Jarman, Oswald Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-K6Y] - 1894(SA)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 162, 1915; 1COCP 37, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1921-1922); telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1928); supervisor (Bentley, Vic, 1931-1954)
===''JARVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jack Edwin Jarvis|Jarvis, Vincent Jack Edwin &quot;Victor&quot;, &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2K-6FP] - 1912(WA)-1941(Libya) - licences: 2VJ Orange (1930-1933), 2VJ Dubbo (1934), 2VJ Wellington (1935-1936), 2VJ Bathurst (1937), 2VJ Griffith (1938-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 695, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 46, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (2VJ Wellington), broadcast engineer (2BS, 2RG), WW2 (RAAF, Rathmines Flying Boats Base, Palestine, Egypt, Libya) - electoral rolls: radio mechanic (Wellington, 1936), radio engineer (Bathurst, 1937), wireless operator (Rathmines, 1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633817]

===''JEFFRYES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Harry Jeffryes|Jeffryes, Sydney Harry]] - 1884(Qld)-19??(???) - X?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), ship's wireless operator, member of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-1914
===''JEFFS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jeffs|Jeffs, Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-4M8] - 1912?(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4VJ Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1933; City, 1934-1939, 1946; Gordon Park, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 753, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio cub (WIAQ, life member, lecturer, code instructor, field days, JOTA, conventions, operator 4WI); business proprietor (Jeffs Radio) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1934; New Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1937); radio manufacturer (New Farm, Qld, 1943); salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1949); businessman (Gordon Park, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''JENNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Jenner|Jenner, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Y9-64Z] - 1877(Eng)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 7BM Receive Premaydena (1923); Receive Premaydena (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 2ABM John Ingoldsby Jenner - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Lindisfarne, 1914); orchardist (Koonya, 1919-1928); Xray technician (Double Bay, NSW, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935)
* [[/John Ingoldsby Jenner|Jenner, John Ingoldsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKY4-7S2] - 1904(Eng)-1980(???) - Licences: 2ABM Sydney (Maroubra, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1194, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 7BM John Henry Jenner - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Haberfield, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935); telephone engineer (Maroubra, 1937); engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1954; Revesby, 1968); retired (Turramurra, 1972); engineer (Revesby, 1980)
===''JENNISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Jennison|Jennison, Joseph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS7-316] - 1899(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 2JJ Mathoura (1928-1939); 2MX Mathoura (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 414, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Mathoura, 1930-1949; Echuca, 1954; Deniliquin, 1958); nil (Echuca, 1963) (Licences in the name of his father John William Jennison but most likely son was operator, father passed in 1942)
===''JENSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jens August Jensen|Jensen, Jens August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQM-1MX] - 1865(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Minister for Navy (1915-1917) - Comment: famously dismissed for corruption in respect of purchase of Shaw Wireless Works in 1916 - Electoral Rolls: licensed victualler (Beauty Point, Tas, 1914-1919); orchardist (Beauty Point, Tas, 1919-1922); no occupation (Elsternwick, Vic, 1936) - Links: [[w:Jens_Jensen_(politician)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/jensen-jens-august-6840 ADB]
* [[/Laurence Richard Hopkins Jensen|Jensen, Laurence or Lawrence Richard Hopkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-MJ1] - 1906(Tas)-1974(Tas) - Licences: 7BL Receive West Devonport (1923); Receive West Devonport (1923-1924); 7LJ Launceston (1925-1939, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 78, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 215, 1939; 1AOCP 9, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (New Town, 1928); teacher (New Town, 1936-1972)

===''JENVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, Henry Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QJ-7TS] - 1851(Eng)-1932(Vic) - Licences: AA Melbourne 1900; X?? Melbourne - early wireless experimenter, arguably his use of the identifier AA was the first use of an Australian callsign; arguably Australia's first amateur operator as the majority of his experiments were self-funded and in his own time - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - employment (Vic P &amp; T; PMGD) - Relationships: father of 3WW William Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Brighton, 1909); public servant (Caulfield East, 1919-1931)
* [[/William Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, William Walter &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QV-9GL] - 1904(Vic)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 3AY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927; Ormond, 1931-1938); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1939); 3AY Melbourne (Ormond, 1947); 2ZO Sydney (Willoughby, 1948-1969); 2ZO Noosa Heads (1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 824, 1924; 1COCP 68, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of Henry Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1926-1927); operator (Bentleigh, Vic, 1931-1937); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943; Willoughby, NSW, 1949-1968); engineer (Willoughby, NSW, 1972); nil (Nelligen, NSW, 1977; Noosa Heads, Qld, 1980)

===''JERRARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Joseph Jerrard|Jerrard, Frederick Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB43-BKT] - 1899(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4DR Receive Gayndah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Gayndah, 1921-1930); motor mechanic (Gayndah, 1936-1937); engineer (Indooroopilly, 1943-1963)

===''JESSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick Ferman Jessop|Jessop, Patrick Ferman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QN-8HV] - 19??(Eng?)-19??(Qld?) - Licences: 4PJ Kamma (1925-1927); 4PJ Cairns (Hambledon, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (England?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1(RFC) - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Edmonton, 1922-1930); weigh bridge clerk (Hambledon, 1936-1943)
===''JEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Jewell|Jewell, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYD-YH1] - 1905(WA)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6CA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1927); 6JJ Kalgoorlie (1930-1931); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 876, 1925; 1COCP 129, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Victoria Park, WA, 1931-1937); radio inspector (Victoria Park, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949); inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1954-1963)

===''JOHNSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Johnson|Johnson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD7-X12] - 1921(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4PX Brisbane (Hendra, 1938-1939; Ascot, 1946-1948; Hendra, 1954-1975), 4PX Buddina Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2093, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF, Signals) - Comment: Several contemporaneous AJs - Electoral Rolls: Commonwealth public servant (Hendra, Qld, 1968) + others
* [[/Carl Francis Johnson|Johnson, Carl Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH8T-HSH] - 1899(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); 7AR Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 218, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: federal servant (West Hobart, 1922-1954)
* [[/Edward Norman Johnson|Johnson, Edward Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM4W-MLQ] - 1886(Vic)-1960(USA) - Licences: Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3ZO Warrnambool (1923-1924); 3ZO Horsham (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (East Melbourne, 1909); manager (Wonthaggi, 1914); draper (Newtown, 1917); traveller (Geelong, 1919)
* [[/H. B. Johnson|Johnson, H. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6HB Perth (Leederville, 1926); 5HB Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 252, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - common surname, individual not yet identified
* [[/Ivo Uric Johnson|Johnson, Ivo Uric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VV-H8S] - 1903(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4KL Cairns (1933-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 813, 1924; 2COCP 668, 1942; 1COCP 655, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cairns, Qld, 1936-1963) 
* [[/Joseph Murray Johnson|Johnson, Joseph Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YM-M5N] - 1889(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 113, 1915; 1COCP 200, 1931 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Geraldton, 1915-1917); radio expert (Lane Cove, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1936; Caulfield, 1937); engineer (Longueville, NSW, 1943-1949); manager (Turramurra, 1954-1963); retired (Strathfield, 1963; Port Macquarie, NSW, 1968-1977; Wauchope/Yrrs, 1980)

===''JOHNSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Brint Johnston|Johnston, Norman Brint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-K7F] - 1913(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6NJ Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1933; Subiaco, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 642, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Subiaco, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Maylands, 1943-1968; Mt Lawley, 1972-1977)
* [[/Robert Walter Johnston|Johnston, Robert Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDS-FHJ] - 1914(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4LQ Brisbane (Petrie Terrace, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1270, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1936-1937); no occupation (Ingleburn, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1963)
* [[/William David Johnston|Johnston, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-3RY] - 1909(Irl)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2YZ Sydney (Ryde, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Gladesville, 1950; Matraville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 616, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 323, 1931; 1COCP 398, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Ryde, 1930-1943); radio engineer (Gladesville, 1949; Matraville, 1954-1980)

===''JOHNSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Johnstone|Johnstone, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HJ Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JONASSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Peter Jonasson|Jonasson, Roy Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KPW-ZL1] - 1908(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4NG Alberton (1931-1933); 7NG Derwent Park (1937-1939); 3ND Castlemaine (1946-1969); 9NG, PNG; 4NE Brisbane (Kingston, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 827, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, QRP Club, RAAF Wireless Reserve, Qld Listeners' League); employment (Qld State Electricity Commission) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Castlemaine, 1942-1972); retired (Kingston, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''JONES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Ernest Jones|Jones, Alfred Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61R-CTW] - 1894(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 241, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Comment: not all electoral roll entries identified, several contemporaneous AEJs; Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1917-1922)
* [[/David William Jones|Jones, David William]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DJ Brisbane (Chelmer, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 683, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous DWJs - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Chelmer, 1925-1931); engineer (Holland Park, 1958)? 
* [[/Lancelot Cyril Jones|Jones, Lancelot Cyril &quot;Lance&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L3-2LS] - 1891(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: XVB Adelaide (Hawthorn, 1913-1914); 5BQ Adelaide (Westbourne Park, 1923-1924); 5DN Adelaide (City, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; co-founder 5DN commercial Adelaide - Electoral Rolls: manager (Broadway Estate, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Edward Jones|Jones, Raymond Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL9R-FLM] - 1900(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3RJ Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1928; Box Hill, 1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 407, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Newmarket, 1921); public servant (Ascot Vale, 1922-1924); telegraphist (Box Hill, 1931-1943); supervisor (Box Hill, 1949-1963); retired (Box Hill, 1968-1980)
* [[/Stanley William Jones|Jones, Stanley William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-BPL] - 1917(Vic)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 3SF Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1953, 1937, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Signalman, 6 Division Signals) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1687469] (beware, another Stanley William Jones died in WW2, Flight Sergeant, 626 Squadron)
* [[/Walter Henry Jones|Jones, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NB-Z8F] - 1914(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2PY Sydney (Marrickville, 1930-1933); 2RS Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1939); 2WP Sydney (Bexley, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 652, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 57, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Bexley North, 1949-1972); telegraphist (Bexley North, 1977-1980); Beware: Another contemporaneous Walter Henry Jones in Sydney b.1915 m.Edith
* [[/W. R. Jones|Jones, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EK Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JORDAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Jordan|Jordan, James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHL-VNQ] - 1903(Sct)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4JJ Ipswich (1933); 4JJ Bundaberg (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1162, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); senior military (RAAF, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: striker (West Ipswich, Qld, 1932); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1934-1937)
* [[/Robert Jordan|Jordan, Robert]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 4, 1914, No. 4 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - coastal station operator?
===''JUDD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Harvey Judd|Judd, Clarence Harvey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVF-9XS] - 1920(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5HQ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3374, 1953, Qld - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Oswald William Judd|Judd, Oswald William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVX-X56] - 1896(SA)-1934(SA) - Licences: XVF Adelaide (North Norwood, 1913); Receive Adelaide (Payneham, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

=='''K'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''KANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leslie Kane|Kane, John Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1985(Qld), 4ZZ Roma, amateur operator (AOCP 2335, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), senior state public servant (Qld Railways)
===''KAUFMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Donald Kaufman|Kaufman, Samuel Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6X-937] - 1904(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2SK Sydney (Belmore, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 448, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Belmore, 1933-1980)
===''KAUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Alexis Kauper|Kauper, Henry or Heinrich Alexis &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXZ-WYQ] - 1888(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Licences: S643 Adelaide (1921-1922); 5BG Adelaide (Dulwich, 1923-1926; Tusmore, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 97, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; inventor - Electoral Rolls: chauffer (Willaura, Vic, 1910); engineer (Richmond, Vic, 1931-1937) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kauper-henry-alexis-harry-6898 ADB]
===''KAYESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Kayess|Kayess, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYG-NHD] - 1892(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Cooktown, 1917); engineer (Hendra, Qld, 1919); engine driver (Charleville, Qld, 1921); mechanic (Mossman, 1925); motor mechanic (Watchem, Vic, 1928); auto engineer (Dulwich Hill, NSW, 1930); garage manager (New Lambton, NSW, 1930; Foveaux, NSW, 1933); engineer (Forest Lodge, NSW, 1935-1937); labourer (Darlinghurst, 1937; Glenmore, NSW, 1943); mechanical engineer trainee (Haberfield, NSW, 1949); engineer (Manly North, NSW, 1958)

===''KEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Patrick James Keane|Keane, John Patrick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V5-P25] - 1903(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JN Cessnock (1930-1936; 2JN Sydney (Bexley, 1937-1939; McMahons Point, 1946-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 698, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Darling Harbour, 1930); clerk (Cessnock, 1931-1932; Newcastle, 1934; Bexley, 1935-1937; McMahons Point, 1943-1949; North Sydney, 1958-1963)
===''KEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Keast|Keast, Leslie John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2QP-J6X] - 1886(SA)-1957(WA) - Journalist (Wireless Weekly; shortwave editor, Australasian Radio World, 1940-1951; Radio &amp; Hobbies), professional monitor (OWI/VOA, WW2), silent era cinematographer - Electoral Rolls: licensed victuallar (Royal Hotel, Bowral, 1933-1934); ex-hotelkeeper (Coogee, 1935); clerk (Randwick North, 1936-1937); sales manager (Carlingford, 1943); organising secretary (Ermington, 1949-1958)

===''KEDDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Robert Keddie|Keddie, Phillip Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-1T7] - 1921(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5KZ Adelaide (Woodville Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1882, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: AMF (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)

===''KELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Edward Kells|Kells, Alfred Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTMT-7D3] - 1900(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 2430 Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Moonee Ponds, 1921-1925); mechanic (Essendon, 1928-1954)

===''KELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Wainwright Kelly|Kelly, Alexander Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP6-G6V] - 1908(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Largs Bay (1923); Receive Largs Bay (1923); 5AW Lyndoch (1927-1939); 5XO Loxton (1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 358, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur Broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: winemaker (Berri, 1939-1943)
* [[/Ross Donaldson Kelly|Kelly, Ross Donaldson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7BG-2PR] - 1906(SA)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5LW Adelaide (Unley, 1937-1939; Hazelwood Park, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2032, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assurance agent (Dulwich, 1941-1943)

===''KELSO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham Kelso|Kelso, Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXH-9DH] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EL Receive Brisbane (Nundah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1958); technician (Brisbane, Qld, 1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''KEMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Kemble|Kemble, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8WY] - 1915(SA)-1939(WA) - Licences: 6FJ Katanning (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1673, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith's striker (Katanning, WA, 1937)

===''KEMP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Kemp|Kemp, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-PYS] - 1910(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4YA Yangan - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1466, 1935, Qld; BOCP 110, 1937; 2COCP 123, 1937; 1COCP 163, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Swanfels, Qld, 1936-1937); radio technician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Joseph Edward Kemp|Kemp, Joseph Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-NWV] - 1918(Tas)-1991(WA) - Licences: 7RZ Devonport (1937-1939); 7RZ Launceston (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1847, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Como, 1949); radio officer (Esperance, 1954-1958; Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''KEMPSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Kempster|Kempster, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVPC-NHM] - 1900(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: 5KM Darwin (1929-1931); 8KM Darwin (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 543, 1929, No. ?? in NT - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Fullarton, 1934); supervisor (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''KENNA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Francis Kenna|Kenna, Vernon Francis &quot;Vern&quot; / &quot;Marconi&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1D-4ZV] - 1908(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 4DE Receive Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1924); 4FK Brisbane (Hamilton, 1926-1939); 2JR Sydney (Middle Cove, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 301, 1926, No. 29 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (PMGD); radiocommunications engineer; senior public servant (PMG, ABC2); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1954); engineer (Balwyn, Vic, 1963; Killara, 1963; Middle Cove, 1968-1972; Willoughby, 1977-1980)
===''KENNEDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Kennedy|Kennedy, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKD-8Q7] - 1874(Vic)-1945(SA) - Licences: XYD Perth (City, 1913-1914); 6AM Perth (Mt Lawley, 1923-1927); 5AM Adelaide (City, 1928; Unley, 1931; New Parkside, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; senior federal public servant (PMG, concluding as Deputy Postmaster-General SA); WW1 - Awards: Imperial Service Order - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, 1903; Mt Lawley, 1910-1921); State Engineer (Maylands, 1925-1926); civil servant (New Parkside, 1939-1943)
* [[/M. Kennedy|Kennedy, M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EP Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Walter Donald Kennedy|Kennedy, Walter Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBRG-1WB] - 1869(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1926; Willoughby, 1927-1929); 2WK Helensburgh (1930-1933); 2WK Sydney (East Sydney, 1934); 2WK Wallerawang (1935); 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1936-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 121, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Murrumburrah, 1913; Helensburgh, 1930-1932); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); clerk in Holy Orders (Rockdale, 1936-1949)

===''KENNY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Francis Kenny|Kenny, Edmund Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MB-R3M] - 1903(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2EK Sydney (Lewisham, 1927-1928; Croydon, 1929; Ryde, 1930-1931; Granville, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2EK Wentworthville (1950-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 373, 1927, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1930); clerk (West Ryde, 1930-1933); engineer (Granville, 1935-1949); radio engineer (Wentworthville, 1954-1968); engineer (Wentworthville, 1972-1977)

===''KEOGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Keogh|Keogh, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJ4-H7G] - 19??(???)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2ZA Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923); 2ZA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923; Stanmore, 1924-1925); licensed operator 2AG Grace Bros Broadway  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Randwick North, 1943-1958)

===''KERBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Thomas John Kerby|Kerby, Edwin Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM72-SFL] - 1888(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 7EK Ringarooma (1932-1939); 3KK Melbourne (Auburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 940, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 (Major) - Awards: Military Star 1914-1915; British War Medal, Victory Medal; MBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Ballarat, 1909); restaurant keeper (Brunswick, 1914); electrical engineer (Richmond, 1914-1917); grazier (Ballarat, 1919); farmer (Linton, 1922); grazier (Fawkner, 1924-1925); engineer (St Kilda, 1943; Auburn, 1949-1968) - Links: [[w:Edwin Kerby|Wikipedia]]
===''KERMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Kermond|Kermond, Leslie John &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W7-Y88] - 1912(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Warrnambool (1928-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 417, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 182, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Warrnambool, 1936-1937); engineer (Swan Hill, 1942); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1949-1980)

===''KERNICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Edwin Kernick|Kernick, Percy Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX7S-JW1] - 1888(NSW)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6PK Perth (South Perth, 1927-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 378, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Sandstone/Mt Magnet, 1910); telegraphist (Brown Hill/Kalgoorlie, 1917; South Perth, 1925-1963)
===''KERR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dixon Kerr|Kerr, Alfred Dixon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-ZKF] - 1910(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AL Ballarat (1926-1939, 1946-1960); 3JQ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 284, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 18, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968); retired (Hawthorn, 1977)
* [[/Roy Kerr|Kerr, Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-SBX] - 1917(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4DK Winton (1937-1939); 4DK Brisbane (Tingalpa, 1946-1951) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1941, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Relationships: brother of Vernon Lester Kerr 4LK - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Vernon Lester Kerr|Kerr, Vernon Lester &quot;Vern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-MCW] - 1912(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4LK Winton (1932-1933); 4LK Cloncurry (1937-1939, 1946-1948); 4LK Charters Towers (1954-1969); 4LK Charleville (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 800, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; COCP 1941, amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, Soc Wireless Pioneers USA); employment (RFDS, technical officer / controller / announcer) - Relationships: brother of Roy Kerr 4DK - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Charters Towers, Qld, 1954-1977); technician (Charleville, Qld, 1977)
===''KHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kullandar Jallander Khan|Khan, Kullandar Jallander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX89-VLY] - 1916(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4QA Cairns (1937-1939, 1947); 4DC Cairns (1948-1960); 4DC Brisbane (New Farm, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1979, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 4QA may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 4QA Cairns - Electoral Rolls: picture theatre operater (Cairns, Qld, 1943); radio serviceman (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); tv technician (New Farm, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''KIDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian McIvor Kidman|Kidman, Ian McIvor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD7Q-7N2] - 1915(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5JK Naracoorte (1933-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1163, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''KILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Harold Kilby|Kilby, Raymond Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-9VD] - 1918(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7RK Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1461, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1568, 1957; 1COCP 1862, 1958; 2COCP T1, 1977 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: upholsterer (Launceston, 1943-1972)

===''KILGARIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Kilgariff|Kilgariff, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-XBD] - 1886(NSW)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5JT Adelaide (Burnside, 1937-1939; Erindale, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1884, 1937, SA; 2COCP 325, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Boulder, WA, 1910-1912); builder (Alice Springs, NT, 1934; Burnside, SA, 1939); RAAF (Leabrook, SA, 1943)

===''KILSBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Wilbur Kilsby|Kilsby, Keith Wilbur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCHP-4ZS] - 1912(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5PR Moorak (1933); 5PR Birdwood (1938); 5PR Wiltyerong via Murray Bridge (1947); 5PR Mingary via Murray Bridge (1948); 5PR Murray Bridge (1954); 5PR Adelaide (Payneham, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 419, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Birdwood, SA, 1939; Wiltyerong, SA, 1941-1943);

===''KING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Calvert King|King, Charles Calvert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQT-4R1] - 1885(Eng)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 105, 1915; 2COCP 155, 1930 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1914); warrant telegraphist (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1921-1925); music teacher (Randwick, NSW, 1930); musician (Clovelly, 1931; Rose Bay, 1932-1933); librarian (Woollahra, 1934); salesman (Bondi, NSW, 1935); Model Maker (Watson's Bay, 1936-1937)
* [[/Fred Esmond King|King, Fred Esmond (Electoral Rolls)  or Esmonde (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-81C] - 1896(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CQ Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Bulliwallah, Qld, 1919-1963)
* [[/Frederick Venn King|King, Frederick Venn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJHN-MV3] - 1888(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Cunnamulla (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1909); grazier (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1913-1921); not stated (Warrambah Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1925); grazier (Barrington Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1930-1954); retired (Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''KINGWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hercules Kingwell|Kingwell, William Hercules]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB)
===''KINSELLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Thomas Kinsella|Kinsella, Hector Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-XN9] - 1912(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6HK Perth (Hollywood, 1930; East Perth, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 641, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (South Perth, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1943); pharmacist (Perth, 1949; Narrogin, 1954-1958; Applecross, 1963; Ardross, 1968-1972; Booragoon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Wade Kinsella|Kinsella, Thomas Wade]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8P2-TSG] - 1904(Vic)-2001(NSW)96yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Lubeck (1923); 3TK Lubeck (1924-1926); 3TK Rupanyup (1937-1939); 2FK Sydney (Rose Bay, 1946; Herne Bay, 1947; Sans Souci, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1992, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 532, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lubeck, 1927-1936); RAN (Sans Souci, 1949-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3AKW William Jennings Kinsella
* [[/William Jennings Kinsella|Kinsella, William Jennings]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PG-S8S] - 1914(Vic)-2011(Vic) - Licences: 3AKW Lubeck (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 498, 1943; 2AOCP 55, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Magdala, Lubeck, 1936-1972; Lubeck, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3TK-2FK Thomas Wade Kinsella
===''KINZBRUNNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Charles Kinzbrunner|Kinzbrunner, Harry Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-SZM] - 1903(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4HK Cloncurry (1929-1931); 4HK Mareeba (1933); 4HK Tully (1937-1939); 4HK Atherton (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 474, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), employment (Australian Inland Mission, QATB) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Malanda, 1937); electrical engineer (Ashgrove, 1943); radio mechanic (Atherton, 1943); refrigeration &amp; electrical contractor (Atherton, 1949-1972); electrical contractor (Atherton, 1977-1980)

===''KIRBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ewan Russell Kirby|Kirby, Ewan Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4R1-4J7] - 1885(Tas)-1947(Tas) - Licences: XZB Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; First set 1909 communicated with M. Harvey; employed Hydro-electric Dept - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1914-1919); engineer (Hobart West, 1922-1936)
===''KIRKBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Kirkby|Kirkby, Brian]] - historian (early wireless experimenters, Edward Hope Kirkby, Archibald John Shaw), great grandson of Edward Hope Kirkby
* [[/Charles Edward Kirkby|Kirkby, Charles Edward]] - 1886(Vic)-1954(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of George Gill Kirkby
* [[/Edward Hope Kirkby|Kirkby, Edward Hope]] - 1853(At sea)-1915(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, father of George Gill Kirkby and Charles Edward Kirkby
* [[/George Gill Kirkby|Kirkby, George Gill]] - 1884(Vic)-1916(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of Charles Edward Kirkby
===''KIRKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Basil Everald Wharton Kirke|Kirke, Basil Everald Wharton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6NX-FFQ] - 1893(NSW)-1958(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; chief studio announcer/Uncle &quot;Bas&quot; (2BL); manager, 6WF; manager 9PA (1946); manager (ABC, Victoria, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Subiaco, 1931; Perth, 1934-1936; Melbourne, 1937-1943; Perth, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kirke-basil-everald-wharton-10751 ADB]
===''KIRKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Booth Kirkland|Kirkland, John Booth]] - 1861(Vic)-1900(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Melbourne, Geelong &amp; Ballarat

===''KISSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Leslie Hawthorn Kissick|Kissick, Alfred Leslie Hawthorn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9D-7LL] - 1904(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924), 3KB Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1939, 1946-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 141, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), operator 3CR Coburg Radio Club (1925), amateur broadcaster, clerk (1934)

===''KITTO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Collingwood Kitto|Kitto, Thomas Collingwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCKM-W8G] - 1903(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7?? Launceston (1928); 5JR Adelaide (Tusmore, 1931); 2JR Newcastle (1933); 2JS Newcastle (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 425, 1928, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 43, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Launceston, 1928); radio engineer (Sandgate, NSW, 1935; Ulverstone, Tas, 1937); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (Prahran, 1949); retired (Deception Bay, 1972)

===''KLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Kling|Kling, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQZ-B4W] - 1905(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1928; South Camberwell, 1931; Hawthorn East, 1933; Hampton, 1937-1939); 3AJQ Melbourne (Seaford, 1954-1955; Lower Ferntree Gully, 1956; Frankston, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 403, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1931-1933; Sandringham, 1936-1937); engineer (Sandringham, 1942; Bacchus Marsh, 1949); radio sound engineer (Seaford, 1954); electrician (Frankston, 1963-1968)

===''KNAPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carlo Patrick Knapton|Knapton, Carlo Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DQR-R5C] - 1879(Irl)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - wireless trader (WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as vice-president, Wireless Traders Assoc, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton, Vic, 1914); lighting engineer (South Perth, 1921-1954) 
===''KNEIPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Kneipp|Kneipp, James Henry &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ5R-YBH] - 1875(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Morningside, Qld, 1905); railway employee (Morningside, Qld, 1908-1917; Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1958)

===''KNIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Keith Knight|Knight, Rupert Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-Z5W] - 1898(Qld)-1934(Qld) - Licences: 4RK Toowoomba (1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned? - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1919); bank clerk (East Toowoomba, 1925-1926); not specified (East Toowoomba, 1928-1932)

===''KNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Brader Knock|Knock, Donald Brader &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWWR-L62] - 1898(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 1911 Manchester; G6XG London (1924-1926); 2NO Sydney (Cremorne, 1926-1927; Vaucluse, 1927; Kirribilli, 1928; Randwick, 1929); 6NK Wyndham (1930-1931); 2NU Portable Sydney 1935-1939; 2NO Sydney (Waverley, 1946-1966) - Qualifications: AOCP 335, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2MO), radiocommunications engineer, journalist (Wireless Weekly, Radio in ANZ, Radio Monthly, Australian Radio News, Bulletin, Australasian Radio World), military (WW1 - Royal Naval Air Service, WW2 - AIF lieutenant-major) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Waverley, 1930); radio journalist (Waverley, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Waverley, 1935-1963)
===''KNOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carlisle Maddison Knowles|Knowles, Henry Carlisle Maddison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Q8-642] - 1901(NSW)-1945(ACT) - Licences: 2LK Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 653, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Woolahra, 1933; Kingston, ACT, 1935-1943)

===''KOSSECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Frederick Kosseck|Kosseck, Edwin Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-VTG] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3EK Geelong (Belmont, 1930-1933); 3AKE Geelong (Newport, 1947; Belmont, 1948-1980+)  - Qualifications: AOCP 705, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Belmont, 1931-1937); RAAF (Newport, 1943); gardener (Belmont, 1949-1980)

===''KRAEGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl W. J. Kraegen|Kraegen, Carl W. J. &quot;Charles&quot;]] - 1831?(Germany?)-1871(NT) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, SA Posts &amp; Telegraphs), telegraph operator (Ballarat, Portland), developed an early system of explosive detonation by battery, tragically died of thirst during the construction of the Overland Telegraph
===''KRUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Augustine Kruger|Kruger, Francis Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJZ-58H] - 1907(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3HE Receive Charlton (1922-1923); 3HE Charlton (1924-1925); 3AI Charlton (1935-1939); 3AI Strathmore (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1541, 1935, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Charlton, 1928-1937); cinema operator (Charlton, 1942); executive (Essendon, 1949-1968; Strathmore, 1977-1980)

=='''L'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''LABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Howell Laby|Laby, Thomas Howell]] - 1880(Vic)-1946(Vic) - frequent lecturer on wireless topics to WIA Vic in the 1920s, education (BA Cambridge 1905, PhD Cambridge 1921), employment (University of Sydney, 1901-1904; Cavendish Laboratory, 1905; Professor Physics, Victoria University College, Wellington, 1909; Professor Natural Philosophy, University of Melbourne, 1915-1930+), Royal Society of Victoria (president, 1924)
===''LACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Lack|Lack, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCQH-WJR] - 1876(NSW)-1949(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Sandgate, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Warwick, Qld, 1903; Tiaro, Qld, 1905-1906; Maryborough, Qld, 1908); fish agent (Maryborough, Qld, 1913); engineer (Sandgate, Qld, 1916); accountant (Sandgate, Qld, 1917-1949)

===''LAHEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Wesley Lahey|Lahey, John Wesley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKRX-KPL] - 1850(Irl)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: sawmill proprietor (Clayfield, Qld, 1908-1909); sawmiller (Clayfield, Qld, 1913-1936)
===''LAIDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Laidler|Laidler, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1KG-31L] - 1904(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5TL Ceduna (1937-1939, 1947); 5TL Largs Bay (1948); 5TL Renmark (1954-1960); 5TL Adelaide (Glandore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1934, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Ceduna, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Lake|Lake, Eric James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDFZ-CKK]- 1906(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4EL Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1946-1948); 4EL Clevedon (1954-1956); 4EL Townsville (Belgian Gardens, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 54, 1931; AOCP 966, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, instructor); broadcast technician (4QN); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943-1949; Townsville, Qld, 1954-1963);

===''LAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Federal Laker|Laker, Frank John Federal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1V2-P8Q] - 1899(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2ZE Deniliquin (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (St Kilda, Vic, 1925); clerk (Bondi, 1935-1937); accountant (North Rocks, 1954)

===''LALOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Fintan Lalor|Lalor, Peter Fintan]] - 1827(Irl)-1889(Vic) - Leader of the Eureka Stockade, Postamaster-General Victoria (Aug 1875-Oct 1875)

===''LAMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. D. Lamb|Lamb, A. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DK Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James Joseph Wiseman Lamb|Lamb, James Joseph Wiseman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-49X] - 1876(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 119, 1915; 1COCP 264, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Relationships: father of Harry Spencer Lamb - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); radio station master (Townsville, Qld, 1921); wireless (Malvern, Vic, 1927);  superintendent (Toorak, Vic, 1928-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1937); retired (Elsternwick, Vic, 1942)
* [[/Harry Spencer Lamb|Lamb, Harry Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-SQY] - 1906(WA)-1984(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcaster - Relationships: son of James Joseph Wiseman Lamb - Electoral Rolls:

===''LAMBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Clayton Lambert|Lambert or Mason, Frank Clayton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-761] - 1908(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6FL Perth (South Perth, 1929-1931); 6FL Geraldton (1933); 6FL Perth (Wembley, 1937-1939; Subiaco, 1947); 3AFL Bairnsdale (1948); 6FL Perth (Claremont, 1954-1956; Bassendean, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 503, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture employee (South Perth, WA, 1931); projectionist (Albany, WA, 1934); sound projectionist (East Fremantle, WA, 1936); projectionist (Wembley Park, WA, 1937); radio technician (Subiaco, WA, 1943-1949); dealer (Claremont, WA, 1954); radio dealer (Bassendean, WA, 1958-1980)

===''LANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Herbert Dodson Lane|Lane, Cyril Herbert Dodson]] - 1888(NSW)-1915(Tur) - XDM Sydney (1909-1914), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), born Cyril Herbert Dodson, brother-in-law of Charles Dansie Maclurcan &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
===''LANGFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Leslie Langfield|Langfield, Harold Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-3D6] - 1893(Wales)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4CO Brisbane (Rosalie, 1935-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1572, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: club steward (Rosalie, Qld, 1934-1977; Paddington, Qld, 1980);

===''LANGFORD-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fritz Langford-Smith|Langford-Smith, Fritz]] - 1904(NSW)-1966(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), electronics designer (AWA), author (Radiotron Designers Handbook), journalist (Radiotronics) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198908.pdf EA]
===''LANGHANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ron Langhans|Langhans, Ron]] - historian (broadcasting)
===''LANGRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George David Langridge|Langridge, George David]] - 1829(Eng)-1891(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria in early 1880s

===''LAPTHORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Charles Lapthorne|Lapthorne, Horace Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W8-STK] - 1900(Vic)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2TM Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1924); 2HL Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1938; Lane Cove, 1939; Artarmon, 1948-1969); 2HL Noraville (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 422, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943-1968); retired (Noraville, 1972)

===''LARSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Peter Christian Larsen|Larsen, Herbert Peter Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36L-GHQ] - 1901(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4JW Charters Towers(1928-1937); 4JW Cairns (1938-1939, 1947-1956); 4JW Charters Towers (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 439, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: brewery hand (Charters Towers, 1925-1936); engine driver (Cairns, 1943-1954; Charters Towers, 1958-1968)
===''LARSSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gustaf William Larsson|Larsson, Gustaf William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTD-55K] - 1902(Tas)-1992(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 92, 1932; AOCP 3275, 1952 - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Hobart West, 1928-1936)

===''LAUNDER-CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge|Launder-Cridge, Wilfred Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-S5L] - 1899(Eng)-1960(Tas) - Licences: 5BZ Adelaide (Brooklyn Park, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 200, 1930; 1COCP 120, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Essendon North, Vic, 1937; Aerodrome, Cambridge, Tas, 1943); OIC, DCA (Forrest, WA, 1958)

===''LAURENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Laurence|Laurence, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-YKV] - 1916(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MZ Adelaide (Malvern, 1933-1939); 3PF Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1948); 3PF Benalla (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1164, 1933, SA; 1COCP 118, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Ceduna, 1941-1943); farmer (Wellington, Benalla, 1949-1963; Benalla, 1967-1980)

===''LAURIE-RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melbourne Clive Laurie-Rhodes|Laurie-Rhodes, Melbourne Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-6K1] - 1915(Qld)-1997(NZ) - Licences: 4XU Brisbane (Hendra, 1934-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1353, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Hendra, Qld, 1936-1937)

===''LAVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Poynton Laver|Laver, Charles Poynton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JBH-SNC] - 1882(Eng)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5CP Cape Borda (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Lightkeeper (Cape Borda, SA, 1939; Edithburgh, 1941-1951)

===''LAVINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Morgan Eric Lavington|Lavington, Frederick Morgan Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJM-ZC9] - 1903(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 2ZC Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1923); 2ZC Sydney (Waverley, 1923; Bondi, 1924-1925; Mosman, 1925-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Manly, 1930); engineer (Strathfield, 1932; Ashfield West, 1935-1936); electrical engineer (Ashfield West, 1937); engineer (Kensington, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1972)

===''LAWRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevan Alic Lawrie|Lawrie, Kevan Alec or Alic]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRS-5YP] - 1915(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5AK Adelaide (Lockleys, 1936-1939; York, 1947-1948; Lockleys, 1954-1965; Brooklyn, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1602, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Lockleys, SA, 1939-1941)

===''LAWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Andrew Laws|Laws, David Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-FW5] - 1909(Qld)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 4DR Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 829, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Commando)- Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Taringa, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/635901]
* [[/Sidney Frank Henry Laws|Laws, Sidney Frank Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6ZT-GBH] - 1893(NZ)-1973(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 6, 1914, No. 6 in Aus and Vic - commercial operator; coastal station operator; manager 7ZL (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 7ZL) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Wireless Station, Townsville, 1915); farmer (Launching Place, 1918); electrical engineer (Prahran, Vic, 1919); engineer (Armadale, Vic, 1919-1924); manager (Launceston, 1928); company manager (Double Bay, NSW, 1930-1931)

===''LAWTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Kyle Lawton|Lawton, Alexander Kyle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-FWT] - 1889(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD), radio clubs (QWI, member), business (movie theatres, Amico), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowoomba, 1913; Wynnum South, 1915-1916); manager (Windsor, 1919); engineer (Nundah, 1925-1928); manager (Townsville, 1936-1937; Nundah, 1943-1949); manufacturer's agent (Virginia, 1954-1958); company director (Ashfield, 1963); sales manager (Ashfield, 1968-1977)

===''LEADBITTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Leadbitter|Leadbitter, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP1-3V1] - 1882(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2AF Receive West Wyalong (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: cycle mechanic (Darlington, 1903); mechanic (West Wyalong, 1913); cycle mechanic (West Wyalong, 1930-1943)
===''LEANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Gregory Leaney|Leaney, William Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-JF9] - 1895(SA)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3XN Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923); 3XN Melbourne (Northcote, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Northcote, 1919-1954); driver (Coburg, 1963-1977); nil (Preston, 1980)

===''LEBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Leber|Leber, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-847] - 1905(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Richmond, 1929-1939; Hawthorn, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 481, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 45, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Richmond, 1927-1942); salesman (Hawthorn, 1949)

===''LECKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Crockett Leckie|Leckie, Herbert Crockett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1R-QQN] - 1927(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Melbourne (Elwood, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 1170, 1947 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980);
* [[/Raymond Campbell Leckie|Leckie, Raymond Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2Q-ZZV] - 1904(Vic)-1987(ACT) - Licences: 3TU Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923); 3TU Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 215, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Sandringham, 1926); public servant (Braddon, 1935; Turner, 1943-1968); examiner of patents (Hughes, 1972); retired (Hughes, 1977-1980)

===''LEE-ARCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Leslie Lee-Archer|Lee-Archer, Evan Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB2K-F3W] - 1911(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3LM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931); 3LM Wonthaggi (1933); 3LM Melbourne (Caulfield North, 1937; Malvern East, 1938) - Qualifications: AOCP 534, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1933); radio engineer (Korumburra, 1934); engineer (Caulfield West, 1935); mechanic (Malvern East, 1937)

===''LEGGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Legge|Legge, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9MJS-QKM] - 1906(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Ulverstone, 1928); no occupation (Hobart South, 1936); zinc worker (Hobart East, 1943); farmer (Cullenswood, 1949-1954)
===''LE GRAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Walter Le Grand|Le Grand, Sydney Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQDD-D57] - 1902(Qld)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4LG Brisbane (Windsor, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 882, 1925; 2COCP 34, 1929; 1COCP 151, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Windsor, 1925-1926); operator (Woollahra, 1931-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1949; Bondi Junction, 1954-1968); retired (Banora Point, 1972-1977)

===''LELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Lelliott|Lelliott, Thomas &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-4PX] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3ZW Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1930-1939); 3AZW Melbourne (Boronia, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 684, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 68, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Mont Albert, 1937); operator (Caulfield, 1942); public servant (Boronia, 1963-1980)

===''LEMMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Lemmon|Lemmon, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-Z21] - 1885(Eng)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 95, 1915; 2COCP 120, 1930; 1COCP 71, 1930 - coastal wireless operator; WW2; RANRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1915); officer-in-charge Wireless Station (Rockhampton, 1916-1921); radio telegraphist (Applecross, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); wireless operator (Broome, 1937); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1943-1949); retired (Rivervale, 1954-1963)
===''LEMPRIERE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Louis Lempriere|Lempriere, Charles Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Y-NPS] - 1857(Vic)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3ZJ Melbourne (Vermont, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: surgeon (South Yarra, 1912-1919); medical practitioner (Vermont, 1924-1934)

===''LENDRUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Lendrum|Lendrum, Alexander &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NZ-Y5Y] - 1887(Qld)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2YL Sydney (Kensington, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1913); yardman (Toowoomba, 1921); constable (Kensington, 1930-1937)
===''LENNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Lennon|Lennon, Christopher James &quot;Chris&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJL3-LZF] - 1889(Vic)-1932(Aus) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 4, 1929 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916-1917); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1925); telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1931)

===''LEONARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Benedict Leonard|Leonard, Aubrey Benedict]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-N4X] - 1896(NSW)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3EN Receive Drouin (1922-1923); 3EN Drouin (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 244, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Drouin, 1922-1928); radio dealer (Drouin, 1931-1954); retired (Drouin, 1963-1967) 
* [[/John William Leonard|Leonard, John William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G494-BY4] - 1906(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (Black Rock, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 386, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Sandringham, 1931-1943); shopkeeper (Sandringham, 1949-1968)
* [[/Leslie Clarence Leonard|Leonard, Leslie Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH15-16Q] - 1902(Vic)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5LT Adelaide (Payneham, 1946-1947; Medindie, 1948); 5LT Port Lincoln (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2336, 1939, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pilot (The Terrace/Port Pirie, 1939)
* [[/Vincent Halpin Leonard|Leonard, Vincent Halpin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8S4-TXD] - 1915(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Melbourne (?, 1938-1939; Kew, 1946-1956); 3PJ St Andrews (1960); 3PJ Melbourne (Balwyn, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2167, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1937; Kew, 1937-1954); public servant (St Andrews, 1958; Balwyn, 1963-1980)

===''LESLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julian Leslie|Leslie, Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS98-211] - 1873(Vic)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 142, 1915; 1COCP 246, 1932 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, WA, 1910-1912; Applecross, WA, 1913); O.I.C. (Radio Telegraph Station, Broome, WA, 1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Thursday Island, 1925-1926); superintendent of wireless (Auburn, Vic, 1928); supervisor B.H. service (Randwick, NSW, 1930-1949)

===''LESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lester|Lester, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5FQ-NQL] - 1902(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LR Renmark (1930-1937); 5LR Berri (1938-1939); 5LR Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1946-1947; Blackwood, 1954-1965); 5LR Victor Harbour (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 674, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 236, 1935; BOCP 369, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Berri, 1939-1943)

===''LETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Norman Lett|Lett, Frederick James Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-Y8D] - 1903(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2WN Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923); 2WN Sydney (Annandale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Annandale, 1930-1936); publican (Sydney, 1937); hotelkeeper (Clifton Gardens Hotel, Mosman, 1943); Darlinghurst, 1949; Dulwich Hill, 1958; Marrickville, 1963); retired (Church Point, 1968)

===''LEVENSPIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pinkus Levenspiel|Levenspiel, Pinkus or Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JB-QSL] - 1904(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2TX Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 668, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wyong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Wyong, 1949-1963); motor dealer (Ourimbah, 1968-1980)
===''LEVERETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Leverett|Leverett, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV79-R7Q] - 1894(Eng)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 25, 1914; 1COCP 88, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broome, 1916); telegraphist (Ascot, Qld, 1921); wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1943); wireless inspector (Burwood, NSW, 1954)
===''LEVERRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Hewitt Leverrier|Leverrier, Francis Hewitt &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBT-DP5] - 1863(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Waverley, 1911-1914, Licence No. 5) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; radio clubs (WIA, president, 1910) - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Vaucluse, 1930-1934, Kings Counsel) - Relationships: father of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier 
* [[/Frank Neville Leverrier|Leverrier, Frank Neville &quot;Boy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6RF-W2W] - 1904(NSW)-1980(NSW) - 2BK Receive Sydney (Waverley, 1922-1923); 2BK Sydney (Vaucluse, 1924-1930); 2ADE Castle Cove (1969-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 169, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 931, 1926) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio work (Vaucluse, 1930); clerk (Vaucluse, 1933-1937); superintendent (Vaucluse, 1943-1949); public relations (Roseville, 1963-1968; Castle Cove, 1977) - Relationships: son of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier
* [[/Henri Andre Leverrier|Leverrier, Henri Andre &quot;Henry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68N-18J] - 1882(NCL)-1943(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Gordon, 1911); XHL Sydney (City, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, Australian General Electric, Sydney)  - Relationships: nephew of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier; cousin of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Sydney, 1913); manager (Crows Nest, 1930-1937)
===''LEVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Levy|Levy, Richard &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-Z38] - 1909(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5AJ Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 654, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Torrensville, 1943)

===''LEWIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Garrett Lewis|Lewis, Henry Garrett &quot;Harry&quot;]] - 1895(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Hobart (no record of licence identified as yet) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (reported experimenting from 1912); councillor WIA Tas in 1923; manager 3UZ 1924 - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/William John Lewis|Lewis, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYJ-BZQ] - 1908(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2YB Sydney (Marrickville, 1931-1936; McMahons Point, 1937); 6YB Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939); 2YB Sydney (Haberfield, 1947-1950; Paddington, 1954-1969; Ryde, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 863, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Comment: Several contemporaneous WJLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified due to numbers

===''LIGHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lighton|Lighton, Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HJ-HD1] - 1869(Vic)-1940(Vic) - 3CM Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1922-1924), 3RL Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 179, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, storekeeper (Toongabbie, 1903; Benalla, 1916), independent means (East St Kilda, 1928; Armadale, 1937)
===''LINDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Linden|Linden, Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-PRV] - 1904(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4FT Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Murgon, Qld, 1925); mechanic (Wilston, Qld, 1928); storekeeper (Clayfield, Qld, 1936-1937); telephone mechanic (Mackay, Qld, 1943-1949); supervising technician (Bowen, Qld, 1954); PMG technician (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1958-1968)

===''LINDNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Lindner|Lindner, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVX-787] - 1904(NSW)-1981(Qld) - 4BX Receive Brisbane (Alderley) 1922 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wilston, 1928); motor mechanic (Maleny, 1934); mechanic (Windsor, 1936-1972); retired (Mt Samson, 1977)

===''LINDSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Gordon Lindsay|Lindsay, Donald Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-126] - 1909(Vic)-1964(WA) - 2DY Sydney (Gordon, 1925-1936; Ashfield, 1937; Concord, 1938; Kogarah, 1939), amateur operator (AOCP 83, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer
* [[/Herbert Maxwell Lindsay|Lindsay, Herbert Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3L-S78] - 1913(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4HD Nambour (1937-1939); 4HD Buderim (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2027, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); employment (company secretary) - Electoral Rolls: bank officer (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1943);  fruitgrower (Buderim, Qld, 1954-1980)
===''LINKLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Charles Linklater|Linklater, Donald Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-Z44] - 1905(SA)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 5DL Pinnaroo (1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1521, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1949); technician (Bondi Junction, NSW, 1958)

===''LITCHFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ainslie Roland Litchfield|Litchfield, Ainslie Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J3Z-FRP] - 1906(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2RL Cooma (1925-1939), 2RL Sydney (Woollahra, 1947; Darling Point, 1948-1954; Rozelle, 1955-1958; Avalon Beach, 1960-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 200, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, grazier (Cooma, 1930-1937), film producer (Avalon Beach, 1958-1968)
===''LITHGOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Lithgow|Lithgow, John Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-5TL] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Eng) - Licences: 7WJ Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1688, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Marine officer? 1950s-1960s, several sea trips
===''LITTLEJOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sydney Littlejohn|Littlejohn, Arthur Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DW-VDD] - 1905(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939); 4LF Gunalda (1947); 2OU Sydney (Leichhardt, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 579, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Leichhardt, 1930-1958; Haberfield, 1963-1980)

===''LLOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Howard Lloyd|Lloyd, Henry Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST7-9LV] - 1904(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (College Town, 1923-1927); 5AG Adelaide (College Town, 1923); 5HL Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 57, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Beware another Henry Howard Lloyd [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDY-FS3] 1912-1981 in Adelaide, similar times - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Hughie Frederick Lloyd|Lloyd, Hughie or Hugh Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-Y95] - 1917(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5BC Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939); 5BC Berri (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1137, 1933, SA; BOCP 281, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5HD William Edward Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939)
* [[/William Edward Lloyd|Lloyd, William Edward &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGB-WR9] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5HD Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939, 1947-1948; Cumberland, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1215, 1933, SA; 2COCP 763, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5BC Hughie Frederick Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: nil (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LOCKHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Edward Lockhart|Lockhart, Leon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CJ-6GG] - 1912(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LE Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939; Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 514, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 205, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elwood, 1934-1937); engineer (Elsternwick, 1942-1977)
===''LOESER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hedley Edmond Loeser|Loeser, Hedley Edmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXL-RM6] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5LO Adelaide (Goodwood, 1936-1939; Col LIght Gardens, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1748, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: display artist (Reade Park, SA, 1943)

===''LOMAX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Lomax|Lomax, Joseph]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EB Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (St Kilda, Vic, 1913-1914; Ivanhoe, Vic, 1916-1917; Coorparoo, Qld, 1921-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926)

===''LONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Timothy Joseph Long|Long, Timothy Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ19-Z9G] - 1884(Qld)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 140, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Comment: suicide after diagnosis terminal illness - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1908); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Townsville, 1921)
===''LONGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ruth Victoria Longley|Harris nee Longley, Ruth Victoria]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-5GJ] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6YL Perth (Shenton Park, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1808, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator; WW2 - Relationships: Wife of 6NL Valentine Harms Harris - Electoral Rolls: saleswoman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); home duties (Applecross, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Applecross, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''LONGSTAFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Allen Hector Longstaff|Longstaff, Thomas Allen Hector &quot;Allen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQM-WF3] - 1896(SA)-1953(NSW) - Licences: XVR Adelaide (Alberton, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 55, 1915 - early wireless experimenter; coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: executive (Brighton, Vic, 1949)

===''LORDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Allan Lorden|Lorden, Geoffrey Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJB-2P8] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6GL Perth (Perth, 1925-1926; West Perth, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 175, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOCP 2297, 1939; 2COCP 342, 1940; 1COCP 441, 1940), amateur broadcaster, radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949)
===''LOVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Kingsley Love|Love, Howard Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGQ-8S5] - 1895(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3BM Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3BM Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922-1931; Glen Iris, 1933), 3KU Melbourne (Malvern, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 230, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; radio clubs (WIA Vic); business proprietor (radio manufacturer) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Orong, 1919; Malvern East, 1921-1924; Gardiner, 1927-1933); manager (Gardiner, 1936-1937); engineer (Mt. Waverley, 1942) - Comment: gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199407.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199408.pdf EA2]
* [[/James Peile Love|Love, James Peile &quot;Nim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7JF-83Z] - 1906(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JL Brisbane (Kedron, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 469, 1928, No. ?? in Qld (Halcyon AOCP 1930); 3COCP 5259, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF) - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Kedron, 1928-1943; Hawthorne, 1949-1980)
===''LOVETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Frank Lovett|Lovett, Hubert Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHG1-DT2] - 1905(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7HL Hobart (1926-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 246, 1926, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart North, 1928-1937); manager (Hobart South, 1949; Nelson, 1954) - Links: [https://info.scholarships.utas.edu.au/AwardDetails.aspx?AwardId=2813 UTAS Scholarship]
* [[/Percy Lovett|Lovett, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB5-M21] - 1906(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2JP Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2210, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''LUBACH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Lubach|Lubach, Frederick John &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H7-VZD] - 1919(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4RF Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1947); Dalby (1948-1950); Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1954; Camp Hill, 1965-75; Loganlea, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1745, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 868, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, instructor, QSL manager); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); broadcast technician (4QS, Capalaba) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Dalby, Qld, 1949; Coorparoo, Qld, 1954; Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Loganlea, Qld, 1980)

===''LUCAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gillen Frederick Lucas|Lucas, Gillen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-Y7P] - 1894(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5LL Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1935-1939; Port Adelaide, 1947; Maylands, 1948; Trinity Gardens, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1589, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Kilkenny, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LUCKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Forsythe Arthur Luckman|Luckman, Charles Forsythe Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMF8-LS2] - 1901(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 2JT Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922); 2JT Sydney (Croydon, 1923-1926; Lakemba, 1927-1933; Croydon, 1934; Ashfield, 1935-1938; Croydon, 1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 41, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lift engineer (Lakemba, 1930-1933); electrician (Croydon, 1935-1943); electrical mechanic (Croydon, 1954-1972)
* [[/Thomas Stuart Luckman|Luckman, Thomas Stuart &quot;Stuart&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-8CD] - 1913(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4SL Brisbane (Kalinga, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 783, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, CMF, Signals Northern Command); occupation (hardware executive) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kalinga, 1936-1937); storeman (Hendra, 1943-1958); retired (Aspley, 1972-1977; Carseldine, 1980)

===''LUHRS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Albert Luhrs|Luhrs, Victor Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZYN-VJJ] - 1888(Vic)-1964(SA) - Licences: V761 Receive Woori Yallock (1922); 3HB Receive Woori Yallock (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Torquon West, Nhill, 1909; Netherby, 1912-1914; Cavendish, 1916-1919; Woori Yallock, 1922-1924; Kalyan, SA, 1939); grazier (Tintinara, SA, 1941-1943)
===''LUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Douglas Lum|Lum, Allan Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92F-LX7] - 1913(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5AL Adelaide (Joslin, 1932-1939; Hyde Park, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 980, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 427, 1940; TVOCP 263, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Gawler, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Hyde Park, SA, 1943)

===''LUMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd John Lumb|Lumb, Lloyd John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84C-LF2] - 1907(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LL Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 471, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); postal electrician (Stanthorpe, 1943); technician (Ashgrove, 1949); engineer (Ashgrove, 1958-1972)

===''LUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Vincent Lunn|Lunn, Harold Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-4X5] - 1908(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 5HL Adelaide (Morphettville, 1935-1939); 2ANE Sydney (North Ryde) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1449, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Morphettville, SA, 1939-1943; Hurstville South, NSW, 1972); retired (North Ryde, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''LUXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilfred Luxon|Luxon, George Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5YJ-XTL] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5RX Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1928-1939, 1946-1965; Torrens Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 450, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster late 1920s; WW2; WIA SA (several official duties) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mitcham, 1939-1943)

===''LYNCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold John Lynch|Lynch, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTD-VXL] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4HL Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1934-1939, 1946-1956; Slacks Creek, 1960-1975); 4HL Springbrook (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1268, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); business proprietor (restaurants, picture theatres) - Electoral Rolls: cutter (Albion, Qld, 1928); shopkeeper (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Valley, Qld, 1949); shopkeeper (St Lucia, Qld, 1954; Slacks Creek, Qld, 1958-1968); owner (Slacks Creek, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Springbrook, Qld, 1980)

===''LYONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Thomas Lyons|Lyons, Joseph Aloysius Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGY-XKB] - 1879(Tas)-1939(NSW) - teacher, state politician, Premier of Tasmania, federal politician, Postmaster-General, Prime Minister of Australia, actively promoted development of broadcasting in Australia over two decades - Electoral Rolls:

=='''M'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''MABBITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Matthew Mabbitt|Mabbitt, John Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FD5] - 1905(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3KI Lake Boga (1930-1939); 3JG Lake Boga (1947-1948); 3JG Swan Hill (1954-1960); 3JG Melbourne (Templestowe, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 588, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Lake Boga, 1928-1949); supervisor (Swan Hill, 1954); public servant (Templestowe, 1963)

===''MACDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Macdonald|Macdonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-WT8] - 1883(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 45, 1936 - senior federal public servant (Chief Engineer, Radiotelegraph Branch, PMGD, 1914); Lieutenant-Commander Telegraphist (RAN, in charge captured German Pacific Wireless); chief engineer 7EX; supervised erection 3AR, 5CL, 7ZL; early TV research  - Comment: Don't confuse with Don Macdonald AWA consultant - Electoral Rolls: Numerous contemporaneous DMcDs - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199505.pdf EA]
* [[/Llewellyn Macdonald|Macdonald, Llewellyn &quot;Lew&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-73F] - 1908(Eng)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2WU Newcastle (West Maitland, 1929-1934; Wickham, 1935-1936; Waratah, 1937; Mayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 478, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 69, 1936; BOCP 50, 1936; 1COCP 125, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (West Maitland, 1930; Wickham, 1936); joiner (Waratah, 1937; Charlestown, 1972)

===''MACFARLANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred - see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred

===''MACGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. MacGregor|MacGregor, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4ZU Brisbane (Windsor, -1947+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''MACKAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Stewart Mackay|Mackay, Cedric Stewart or Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/973G-3Q2] - 1889(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XADF Coffs Harbour (1913-1914); 2GP Urunga (1922-1931); 2GO Coffs Harbour (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 149, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Urunga, 1930); agent (Coffs Harbour, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ian Keith Mackay|Mackay, Ian Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JG-NHF] - 1907(NZ)-1985(NZ) - author, historian (broadcast, &quot;Broadcasting in New Zealand&quot; (1953), &quot;Broadcasting in Australia&quot; (1957), &quot;Broadcasting in Nigeria&quot; (1964), &quot;Broadcasting in Papua New Guinea&quot; (1976) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting executive (Lane Cove, 1954); executive (Killara, 1958)
* [[/Ronald Reay Mackay|Mackay, Ronald Reay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-Y6T] - 1905(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3FZ Receive Melbourne (Carlton, 1922); 3MU Melbourne (Carlton, 1931-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, principal (RMIT) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Carlton, 1931-1963) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mackay-ronald-reay-10980 ADB]
===''MACKEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Francis Mackel|Mackel, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DJ-FP5] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2HG Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965; Hunters Hill, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 585, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1943); insurance inspector (Lane Cove, 1949-1954); insurance manager (Lane Cove, 1958-1963); manager (Hunters Hill, 1968-1980)
===''MACKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Harper Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Alexander Harper &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-MVZ] - 1892(Sct)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4GK Brisbane (Wynnum, 1930-1939; Bulimba, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 628, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Fire Service) - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Brisbane City, 1916; Hamilton, 1919; Brisbane City, 1925); fire brigade officer (Wynnum, 1928-1936); newsagent (Bulimba, 1949); retired (Bulimba, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 4YL Florence Madeline Mackenzie and 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie
* [[/Arthur Alexander Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-796] - 1918(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4HJ Jericho (1937); 4HJ Brisbane (Wynnum, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1346, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Townsville, 1949); newsagent (Grange, 1954-1963); public servant (Townsville, 1972; Cleveland, 1972; Thornlands, 1977, Cleveland, 1980) - Relationships: son of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; brother of 4YL Florence Madeline Streamer nee Mackenzie
* [[/Florence Madeline Mackenzie|Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-B8C] - 1922(Qld)-19??(Qld) - Licences: 4YL Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; third YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Mitchelton, 1949; New Farm, 1954) - Relationships: daughter of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; sister of 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Harold Stuart Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Harold Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L21R-VGN] - 1908(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AM Brisbane (Annerley, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 518, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 90, 1937; 1COCP 239, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1937); company manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1943-1954); radio operator (Blackheath, 1958); unemployed (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968); technician (Burleigh Heads, 1972-1980)

===''MACKINNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Eric Wilton MacKinnon|MacKinnon, Colin Eric Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK45-QRQ] - 1941(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2KCM Sydney 1980s; 2DYM Sydney (1980-2004)- Qualifications: NAOCP N1793, 1981; AOLCP N1281, 1981; AOCP N1032, 1981, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; historian (amateur radio; military radio; radar) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cronulla, 1968; Hurstville, 1977); retired (Glenhaven, 1980) - [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Colin_MacKinnon.htm Obit]

===''MACLARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Foster St Clair Maclardy|Maclardy, William John Foster St Clair &quot;Will&quot;]] - 1892(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2HP Sydney (Neutral Bay &amp; Cremorne,1922-1925), amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), journalist (Smith's Weekly, Wireless Weekly), correct surname is St Clair Maclardy but rarely used, son of William McIntyre St Clair Maclardy, one time Wireless Weekly proprietor
===''MACLAREN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Catto Maclaren|Maclaren, Donald Catto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-2R2] - 1909(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2DM Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1939); 2NN Narrabri (1947-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 655, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Haberfield, 1933-1936; Taree, 1937; Narrabri, 1949)
===''MACLURCAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Dansie Maclurcan|Maclurcan, Charles Dansie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWR7-LJ3] - 1889(Qld)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XDM Sydney (1909-1914); 2CM Sydney (Strathfield, 1921-1939; Neutral Bay, 1946-1957); 2CY Sydney (Strathfield, 1923, briefly by administrative error); first licence issued under new 1922 radio regulations - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 98, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; business proprietor (Maclurcan and Lane, 1909-19??, Maclurcan Engineering, Hotel Wentworth) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Darling Harbour, 1913); engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1934); hotel manager (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/maclurcan-hannah-13070 ADB] [[w:2CM|Wikipedia]] [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/who-was-radio-pioneer-charles-maclurcan/ radioinfo]

===''MACM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Chestnut McMillan|McMillan, Joseph Chestnut]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-8TG] - 1901(Sct)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 7BP Receive Hobart (City, 1923); 7BP Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1928)

===''MACPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Duncan Macpherson|Macpherson, Alexander Duncan &quot;Sandy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/29CF-Z3F] - 1899(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4MC Brisbane (Nundah, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Oakleigh, 1954; Chermside, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1271, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Toombul RC); Qld Lands (draughtsman) - Comment: Slow update for death in Electoral Rolls? - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1949; Oakleigh, Qld, 1954; Chermside, Qld, 1958-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MADDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney John Madden|Madden, Sydney John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-WGL] - 1900(Sct)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MN Perth (City, 1930; North Perth, 1931; Maylands, 1933-1937; Wembley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 264, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Maylands, WA, 1931-1937; Wembley Park, WA, 1937-1943); supervisor (Wembley, WA, 1954)

===''MADDICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Maddick|Maddick, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLB-J2P] - 1890(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: XLX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EF Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3EF Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 161, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; perpetrator of the foul mouthed parrot incident - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Elsternwick, 1917); mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1954)

===''MAGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin William Michael Magee|Magee, Kevin William Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-51Z] - 1913(Vic)-1979(Vanuatu) - Licences: 5KM Adelaide (City, 1931-1933); 2UN Sydney (Paddington, 1936); 3UN Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937); 3KM Melbourne (Kew, 1947-1960; North Balwyn, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 874, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: staff cadet (Victoria Barracks, NSW, 1936); military officer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1937; Kew, Vic, 1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1949-1954); company director (Kew, Vic, 1963); director (Balwyn, Vic, 1967-1972)

===''MAGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lindsay Maguire|Maguire, Arthur Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SN-BKC] - 1921(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3IO Stratford (1938-1939; 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2216, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Stratford, 1949-1977); grazier (Munro, 1980)
* [[/Ernest Norbert Maguire|Maguire, Ernest Norbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR4X-F61] - 1892(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KL Sydney (Lewisham, 1928-1930; Dulwich Hill, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 387, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Lewisham, 1930-1932); sergeant of police (Putney, 1943; Gladesville, 1949-1958); retired (Lake Illawarra South, 1963)
* [[/Sydney William Maguire|Maguire, Sydney William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDF-L85] - 1903(WA)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2XY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Paddington, 1935-1936; North Bondi, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 933, 1926; AOLCP 74, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Glenmore, 1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Maroubra North, 1943); inspector (Maroubra North, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1958)

===''MAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Mahon|Mahon, Hugh]] - 1857(Ire)-1931(Vic) - senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1904)

===''MALCOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Graham Malcolm|Malcolm, Keith Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8F-K5W] - 1949(Eng)-2011(NSW) - Licences: 3ZYK Melbourne (North Clayton, 1969; Mulgrave, 1975; Berwick, 1980); 1???; 2??? - Qualifications: AOLCP 2407, 1967 - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC); Communications Laboratory DoC (Director) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayton, Vic, 1972; Mulgrave, 1977; Berwick, 1980)
===''MALONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Joseph Malone|Malone, James Joseph &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWL8-8DP] - 1883(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 240, 1916 - employment (NSW P&amp;T, Telegraph Messenger; PMGD, Cadet Engineer, Controller Wireless; OTC, Manager); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayfield, Qld, 1917-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926-1928); chief inspector wireless (Kew, Vic, 1931-1937); Deputy Director, Posts and Telegraphs (Indooroopilly, 1943); public servant (Lindfield, NSW, 1949-1963) - Links: [[w:James Joseph Malone|Wikipedia]];  [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_05_30#P.109_-_Commonwealth_Controller_of_Wireless|Bio]]
===''MALPAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth John Malpas|Malpas, Kenneth John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGC2-BNN] - 1909(SA)-1929(SA) - Licences: 5XG Kadina (1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 313, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''MANGNALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hartley Mangnall|Mangnall, Robert Hartley Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MD-3L2] - 1903(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3?? Melbourne (Carlton, 1927); 3HB Melbourne (Highett, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 350, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Carlton, 1936); engineer (Sandringham, 1942-1963)
===''MANIFOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Charles Manifold|Manifold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXMR-BFZ] - 1908(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1933; McKinnon, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 647, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Malvern, 1931-1934; Bentleigh, 1936-1980)
===''MANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Mann|Mann, John Edward &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JY-STV] - 1912(SA)-1941(off Libyan coast) - Licences: 5EM Semaphore (1934-1938); 3IE Westmere (1938); 3IE Ballarat (1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1304, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, telegraphist) - Relationships: Son of Thomas William Mann - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1675471 AWM]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10278775 AWM] - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; 
* [[/Sydney George Mann|Mann, Sydney George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DP-V1C] - 1908(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3KY Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1931; Hampton, 1937-1939, 1946-1954; East Brighton, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 594, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Sergeant) - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Glenhuntly, 1931); mechanic (Sandringham, 1936-1937); shopkeeper (Woodend, 1942); mechanic (Hampton, 1949-1954); sales (Carnegie, 1963); salesman (St Kilda, 1967)
* [[/Thomas William Mann|Mann, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLZ-2S3] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 5EM-3IE John Edward Mann- Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol John Roland Manning|Manning, Athol John Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69L-G2L] - 1916(Tas)-2005(Tas) - Licences: 7LR Devonport (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1367, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Devonport, 1949-1954) 
* [[/Clifton Joseph Manning|Manning, Clifton Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G893-WW6] - 1909(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3CJ Melbourne (Ringwood, 1927; Elwood, 1931-1937; Eltham, 1938-1939; Balwyn, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1948; Beaumaris, 1954-1960); 3CJ Orbost (1965); 3CJ Marlo (1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 338, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 877, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (St Kilda, 1931-1936; Canterbury, 1943; Templestowe, 1949; Sandringham, 1954-1963); farmer (Orbost, 1967-1968); retired (Marlo, 1972-1977; Lang Lang, 1980)
===''MANSFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Mansfield|Mansfield, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZQ Burnie (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MANTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Thomas Mantle|Mantle, Joseph Patrick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-DP9] - 1913(Qld)-1976(Fiji) - Licences: 4XF Brisbane (Ascot, 1933-1939); 4XF Townsville (Hermit Park, 1947-1948); 4XF Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1960); 3AEN Bendigo (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1146, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 1083, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ascot, Qld, 1936); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business manager (New Farm, Qld, 1954); manager (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); sales manager (Warwick, Qld, 1963); no occupation (Townsville, Qld, 1963); sales executive (Petersham, NSW, 1972)
===''MANUEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Thomas Manuel|Manuel, Robert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5S-3R5] - 1910(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5RT Adelaide (Prospect, 1932-1939, 1947-1960; Beefacres, 1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1052, 1932, SA; BOCP 1310, 1953; 2COCP 1279, 1953; 1COCP 1688, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARCONI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi|Marconi, Guglielmo Giovanni Maria]] - 1874(Italy)-1937(Italy) - Inventor, electrical engineer, entrepreneur, businessman; pioneer of long distance radio transmission, widely credited as the inventor of radio; shared 1909 Nobel prize for physics for contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy 
===''MARCUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eugen Gerald Marcuse|Marcuse, Eugen Gerald &quot;Gerald&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9C3M-X1G] - 1886(Eng)-1961(Eng) - Licences: G2NM England - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer

===''MARKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Sydney Marks|Marks, Joseph Sydney or Sydney Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQG4-X1G] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Receive Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922); 2GR Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio trader (Electricity House, Marks' Radio Company); electrician; police officer; sued by 2BL for non-payment of fees in 1924 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rose Bay, 1930-1949)

===''MARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric William Marley|Marley, Cedric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVF2-DJ4] - 1918(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4CJ Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1938-1939; Graceville, 1947; Kalinga, 1948); 4CJ Rockhampton (1954-1956); 4CJ South Mackay (1960); 9CJ Port Moresby (1965); Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2079, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); broadcast technician (PMG, ABC); WW2 (RAN, telegraphist); federal public servant (PMG, ABC) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Kalinga, Qld, 1949; Rockhampton, Qld, 1954); broadcast technician (Mackay, Qld, 1958; Bucasia, Mackay, Qld, 1958; Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''MARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Clanan Marr|Marr, Charles William Clanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M8V-QQM] - 1880(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: MHR (Forrest, 1929); director (Crows Nest, NSW, 1933); company director (Wollstonecraft, 1933-1935); director (Crows Nest, 1935); company director (Pymble, 1937-1943; Killara, 1943-1949; Pymble, 1954-1958)

===''MARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Burton Mars|Mars, Ernest Burton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VJ-GWR] - 1907(SA)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Unley, 1923-1924); 4EM Charleville (1930-1933); 2EM Dubbo (1934-1936); 4EM Charleville (1937-1939, 1946-1947); 2GE Moree (1948); 4EM Emerald (1954-1955); 4EM Charleville (1956); 4EM Longreach (1960); 4EM Currumbin (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 686, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 23, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Dubbo, 1935); bank official (Charleville, 1937-1943; Wagga Wagga, 1949); bank clerk (Moree, 1949); bank manager (Commonwealth Bank Emerald, 1954; Commonwealth Bank, Charleville, 1958; Longreach, 1963); retired (Currumbin, 1968; Palm Beach, Qld, 1977-1980) - established 4VL Charleville commercial

===''MARSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Marsden|Marsden, Robert Cecil &quot;Cecil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92N-W62] - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Sydney, 1909; 2JM Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922); 2JM Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1923-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1925-1926; Edgecliff, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW, local NSW clubs) - Relationships: Father of 2VV-2FV Robert Morris Marsden - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Woolahra, 1930; Epping, 1930-1958); manager (Castlecrag, 1958-1968)
* [[/Robert Morris Marsden|Marsden, Robert Morris]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX1-VPG] - 1916(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2VV Sydney (Kingsford, 1958-1969); 2FV Tuross Heads (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 226, 1956; AOCP 3627, 1957, NSW - amateur operator; WW2 (RAAF) - Relationships: Son of 2JM Robert Cecil Marsden - Electoral Rolls: taxi proprietor (Bondi Beach, 1949; Kingsford, 1958-1972); retired (Tuross Heads, 1972-1980)
===''MARSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Westport Marsh|Marsh, Sydney or Sidney Westport]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFLN-PKM] - 1889(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK West Wallsend (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ladysmith, 1913); fitter (West Wallsend, 1930-1937)
===''MARSHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archie Francis Marshall|Marshall, Archie Francis &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37M-W83] - 1907(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4AF Clifton (1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 438, 1928, No. 48 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (blacksmith, fitter/turner) - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith (Clifton, 1930-1980)
* [[/Herbert Anthony Marshall|Marshall, Herbert Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJR-P3P] - 1888(India)-1948(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Port Pirie, 1910; 2HM Armidale (1924-1926); 2HM Sydney (Bondi, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 115, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 48, 1931 - Comment: proud of his initials &quot;H.A.M.&quot;, early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Relationships: his daughter Denise Chalmers Marshall frequently on air over 2HM - TroveTag: &quot;2HM - Herbert Anthony Marshall&quot; - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Bondi, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1934-1943)
* [[/Mary Austine Marshall|Henry nee Marshall, Mary Austine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-GR6] - 1913(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3YL Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1930-1939, 1946-1956; East Malvern, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 619, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Oakleigh, 1936-1937); no occupation (Oakleigh, 1942-1954); home duties (Oakleigh, 1958-1980) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Vaughan Edward Marshall|Marshall, Vaughan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86T-KNY] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3UK Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1933; Kew, 1937-1939, 1946-1969; Mt Eliza, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 603, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Kew, 1936); tea specialist (Kew, 1937-1968); retired (Mt Eliza, 1977-1980)

===''MARSLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Bruce Marsland|Marsland, Benjamin Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-X47] - 1906(Qld)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 4DX Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928); teller (Normanton, Qld, 1930); bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931; Malanda, Qld, 1932); no occupation (Annerley, Qld, 1943)

===''MARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Thomas Marston|Marston, James Thomas &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKDX-19C] - 1920(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Belmont, 1948; Morningside, 1954); 4JA Toowoomba (1955-1956); 4JA Brisbane (Boondall, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2655, 1948, Qld - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943); engineer (Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); technician (Boondall, Qld, 1963-1972)
* [[/W. L. Marston|Marston, W. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Martin|Martin, James Frederick]] - 1909(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3MJ Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1927-1933); 3JM Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 340, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1936); traveller (North Fitzroy, 1949; Heidelberg, 1954-1963); sales director (Doncaster, 1967); sales (Noble Park, 1972)
* [[/John Michael Martin|Martin, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX79-GWZ] - 1886(Irl)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 146, 1915; 1COCP 58, 1935 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Comment: several contemporaneous JMMs - Electoral Rolls: Ancestry 299 hits  too be sifted
* [[/John Robert Martin|Martin, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWFG-HMM] - 1919(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4MX Cunnamulla (1937-1939); 4MX Toowoomba (1946-1954); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1955-1960); 4MX Julia Creek (1965-1969); 4MX Finch Hatton (1975); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1933, 1937, Qld; BOCP 147, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); business proprietor (radio service); Presbyterian minister - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949-1954); radio technician (Gaythorne, Qld, 1958; Kingaroy, Qld, 1963); missionary (Blackall, Qld, 1972; Gaythorne, Qld, 1972); minister of religion (Enoggera, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Malcolm Martin|Martin, Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-PG7] - 1903(UK)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4KY Ipswich (1933-1939); 4KY Brisbane (Sandgate, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1110, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: carriage trimmer (Woodend, Qld, 1925-1937; Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Silas Martin|Martin, Silas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXMT-6WS] - 1874(NSW)-1945(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Perth, 1903-1906; East Perth, 1912-1914); mechanic (Rockhampton, 1917-1921); radio mechanic (Cooktown, 1925; Beam Wireless Station, Ballan, 1928-1943); mechanic (Marrickville, NSW, 1943)
* [[/Walter J. Martin|Martin, Walter J.]] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 1, 1914, No. 1 in Aus and Vic, Marconi &amp; Telefunken) - coastal station operator?
* [[/William Anthony Martin|Martin, William Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-KPZ] - 1911(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WM Hobart (West Hobart, 1929-1931); 7WM Gawler (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 497, 1929, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 70, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous William Anthony Martin's

===''MASHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Wilfred Mashman|Mashman, Lionel Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6K-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2OB Receive Sydney (Bexley, 1923-1924), 2OB Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 84, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''MASTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Harold Masters|Masters, Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPY] - 1875(Vic)-1951(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed); vice president WIA Launceston 1920s; later prominent architect - Relationships: brother of 7MM William Edward Masters - Electoral Rolls: architect (Launceston, 1928-1949)
* [[/Brian Jermyn Masters|Masters, Brian Jermyn &quot;Jermyn&quot;]] - 1891(Vic)-1950(NZ) - 3LM Receive Melbourne (Armadale, 1923), 3LM Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925), amateur operator (pre-AOCP; no record found of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, operated his station both individually and on behalf WIA Malvern
* [[/William Edward Masters|Masters, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPW] - 1873(Vic)-1952(Tas) - Licences: 7MM Hobart (Bellerive 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1066, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; solicitor - Relationships: brother of Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot; Masters - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Bellerive, 1914-1949) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27111852 Obituary]

===''MATCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Kenneth Lyle Matchett|Matchett, John Kenneth Lyle &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1L-SCZ] - 1921(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Licences: 3TL Melbourne (Box Hill, 1960; Templestowe, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3700, 1958, Vic - amateur operator, WW2, member Old Timer's Club - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949); teacher (Bayswater, 1954); lecturer (Templestowe, 1963-1980) - curator of the WIA QSL card collection for many years; personally acquired a large collection of Australian amateur QSL cards which were donated to the WIA collection on his passing, many thousands of QSLs provided by Wolf Harranth of Dokufunk on an exchange basis
===''MATHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Stewart Mather|Mather, Alexander Stewart &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTL-WWC] - 1909(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2JZ Singleton (1929-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 479, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 89, 1932; TVOCP 273, 1960 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cordial manufacturer (Singleton, 1930-1968)
===''MATHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campion Mathews|Mathews, John Campion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-46V] - 1912(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3SY Geelong (Newtown, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+); 3JM Portable Geelong (Newtown, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 709, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Newtown, 1934-1968); operator (Newtown, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Mathews|Mathews, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82Z-KX2] - 1914(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4EE Rockhampton (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1414, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MATTHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Thomas Matthews|Matthews, Fred or Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-22K] - 1904(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4FK Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); business proprietor (Matthews Fire Alarm Co) - Awards: OBE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Merthyr, 1925-1958); engineer (New Farm, 1963-1980)
* [[/John Leigh Inglis Matthews|Matthews, John Leigh Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKN-159] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJD Melbourne (Richmond, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Richmond, 1913-1919)
* [[/Kenneth Morgan Matthews|Matthews, Kenneth Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-R2W] - 1911(SA)-2009(SA)98yo - Licences: 5GN Adelaide (Malvern, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1732, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Malvern, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/551921 VWMA]
* [[/V. J. Matthews|Matthews, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AQ Perth (Bayswater, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Stott's College (Principal, early 1920s) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified, WA till about 1925, Victoria late 1920s
* [[/Walter John Penrose Matthews|Matthews, Walter John Penrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5TS-HZN] - 1880(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5BS Receive Murray Bridge (1922); Receive Murray Bridge (1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: lifter SA Railways (Tailem Bend, SA, 1939-1943)

===''MAUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Mauger|Mauger, Samuel &quot;Sam&quot;]] - 1857(Vic)-1936(Vic) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1908)
===''MAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Maughan|Maughan, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-BJW] - 1903(WA)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3HH Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1922); 3HH Melbourne (Malvern, 1923-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 14, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 82, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Malvern East, 1925-1954)

===''MAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Mawson|Mawson, Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3H-42N] - 1882(Eng)-1958(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Head Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914) - Electoral Rolls: [[w:Douglas Mawson|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mawson-sir-douglas-7531 ADB]
* [[/Ernest Richard Mawson|Mawson, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2W9T-NJN] - 1861(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Sydney (Campsie, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Parramatta, 1903); no occupation (Dee Why, 1930-1933; Harbord, 1934-1936; Manly, 1937-1943)

===''MAXWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alston Maxwell|Maxwell, Ronald Alston]] - 1908(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2KS Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 656, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Randwick, 1933; Liverpool, 1934-1935; Croydon, 1936-1937); clerk (Caringbah, 1949)

===''MAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank May|May, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-CXP] - 1878(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6FM Dwellingup (1929-1931); 6FM Gnowangerup (1933); 6FM Esperance (1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 139, 1915; AOCP 560, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: stationmaster (Gnowangerup, 1931; Esperance, 1936-1937; Armadale, 1943; Collie, 1949)
===''MAYGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Hubert Mayger|Mayger, Neil Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F7-J2D] - 1890(Vic)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1930); sales (Darlinghurst, 1937); salesman (East Sydney, 1937); Sales (Darlinghurst, 1943)

===''MCATEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McAteer|McAteer, Brother Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKT-JWB] - 1881(NZ)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Receive Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1923); 5AQ Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCAULEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Money McAuley|McAuley, William John Money &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKH-Z5Y] - 1909(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3WM Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 221, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: jackaroo (Nyngan, 1930); grazier (Womboota, 1937-1943)

===''MCBRIDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander James McBride|McBride, Alexander James]] - 1914(Qld)-1993(Qld) - 4BR Brisbane (Wilston, 1939, 1947-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 2320, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), business (radio repair)

===''MCCABE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Bernard McCabe|McCabe, William Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ1C-FN2] - 1864(Irl)-1938(WA) - Licences: 7AQ Clarence Point (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (St Kilda, Vic, 1912; Balaclava, 1913-1914; Elsternwick, 1915-1921; Caulfield, 1924); orchardist (Clarence Point, 1922-1928); civil engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1937)
===''MCCALMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Colin McCalman|McCalman, Maxwell Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-V77] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 3KX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 142, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, musician (1934), engineer (1943-1963)
===''MCCANDLISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack McCandlish|McCandlish, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-TJC] - 1915(Eng)-1943(Ins) - Licences: 3HN Sea Lake (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1468, 1935, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Sergeant, Commando, 1943) - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Sea Lake, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1685215]
===''MCCARTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Keith McCarthy|McCarthy, John Keith &quot;Keith / Macca&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1998(Qld) - 3FX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1932-1933), 2IM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1934), 2VM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1935), 3FX Melbourne (Hampton, 1937; Ascot Vale, 1938-1939; City, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1954-1956), 9AR On board yacht Pandemonium (1969),  P29AR/MM On board yacht Pandemonium (1975), 4DU Beenleigh (1980), 4PY Surfers Paradise (1980), amateur operator (AOCP 1036, 1932, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, state public servant (Vic Railways, telegraphist), military (RAAF, DFC, AFM, AE)
===''MCCULLAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Austral McCullagh|McCullagh, Alexander Austral]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNN-V7Y] - 1897(Qld)-1981(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Home Hill, 1923); 2RR Sydney (Balgowlah, 1965-1969); 9NI Norfolk Island (1975) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2977, 1959; AOLCP 754, 1959; AOCP 4229, 1964, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Sandgate, Qld, 1919); chemist (Inkerman Mill, Qld, 1922); engineer (Bondi North, NSW, 1930; Abbotsford, NSW, 1932-1933; Edgecliff, NSW, 1933; Burwood, NSW, 1934-1936); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949-1963); retired (Green Point, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''MCCULLOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Robert McCulloch|McCulloch, George Robert]] - 1907(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3XM Receive Ballarat (1923-1924), 3GM Ballarat (1925-1939, 1946-1965+), amateur operator (AOCP 198, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968)

===''MCDERMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Westall McDermott|McDermott, James Westall &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-PY2] - 1913(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JM Brisbane (1930) &amp; Nambour (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 711, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4RM Robert Ernest McDermott; son of 4WP Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1949); radio engineer (Nambour, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Robert Ernest McDermott|McDermott, Robert Ernest &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW8-QJ5]  - 1917(Qld)-2006(Qld) - Licences: 4RM Nambour (1938-1939); 4RM Brisbane (Ekibin, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2223, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); business proprietor (radio/TV retail, Ekibin) - Relationships: brother of James Westall McDermott; son of Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, 1943; Ekibin, 1949-1968); TV engineer (Tewantin, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Westall Samuel McDermott|McDermott, Westall Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-2SQ] - 1889(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4WP Nambour (1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2087, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of James Westall McDermott &amp; Robert Ernest McDermott - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Hendon, Qld, 1916-1917; Sandgate, Qld, 1921; Glen Eagle, Qld, 1925-1928; Rosemount, Qld, 1934; Nambour, Qld, 1937-1958); retired (Nambour, Qld, 1963)

===''MCDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
SEE ALSO MACDONALD
* [[/Arthur Stephen McDonald|McDonald, Arthur Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36J-ZLJ] - 1891(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 700, 1922 - broadcast engineer (PMGD, RANRS, AWA); professional society administrator (IEA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1913; St Kilda, Vic, 1916-1924; Vaucluse, NSW, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1936); engineer (Edgecliff, 1943; Double Bay, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdonald-arthur-stephen-7333 ADB]; [https://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P001299b.htm Bright Sparks]
* [[/Colin McDonald|McDonald, Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-SCG] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Rockhampton (1935-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1440, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1958); accountant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1968-1972)
* [[/Donald McDonald|McDonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)?
* [[/Donald Munro McDonald|McDonald, Donald Munro]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Yarraville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Comment: Several contemporaneous DMMs
* [[/John McDonald|McDonald, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-WJR] - 1894(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 137, 1915; CPRT 190, 1916 (replacement?) - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMcD - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified; Ancestry.com 1000s of hits to be sifted
* [[/Wilfred Neville McDonald|McDonald, Wilfred Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-DB1] - 1914(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Parramatta, 1935-1936); 4ZT Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1937; New Farm, 1938-1939; Annerley, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1412, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Granville, NSW, 1936); radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Annerley, Qld, 1949); electrical engineer (Tennyson, Qld, 1954-1963); manager (Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''MCDONOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard McDonough|McDonough, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQX-NXY] - 1875(Wales)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920) - Electoral Rolls: Royal Navy (Newport, Vic, 1914-1915); Royal Australian Navy (Yarraville, Vic, 1917-1919); hotel proprietor (West Maitland, 1930-1935); retired (Wickham, 1937)

===''MCDOWALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine McDowall|McDowall, Valentine &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M14R-SPG] - 1881(Qld)-1957(Qld) - 4CN Receive Brisbane (1922); 4CM Brisbane (City, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radiographer; WW2 - 4CM operator primarily Thomas Murray Browse Elliott after about 1925 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Laidley, 1906-1914; Clayfield, 1919; Ascot, 1934-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdowall-valentine-7349 ADB]
===''MCDOWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Daniel McDowell|McDowell, John Edward Daniel or John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX86-J52] - 1914(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Ascot, 1937-1939); 4CX Gladstone (1947-1965); 4CX Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1873, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Ascot, Qld, 1937); chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1943-1949); industrial chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1954-1963); chemistry instructor (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''MCELWEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Johnston McElwee|McElwee, George Johnston]] - 1879(Tas)-1981(Tas) - involved with Launceston Radio Clubs searching for the roar

===''MCGARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Ignatius McGarry|McGarry, Lloyd Ignatius]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GT-4PR] - 1919(NSW)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4XY Roma (1937-1939); 4XY Rockhampton (1947); 4XY Brisbane (Taringa, 1948; Coorparoo, 1954-1956); 2ALM Sydney (Lakemba, 1960-1965); 1AM Canberra (Macquarie, 1969-1975); 4ALL Brisbane (Kingston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1943, 1937, Qld; BOCP 139, 1937; 2COCP 607, 1942; 1COCP 1026, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4GR, 4ZR); military (RAAF, WW2, mobile wireless, post WW2 Naval Intelligence); federal public servant (PMGD); scientist (Ionospheric Prediction Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Deagon, Qld, 1949); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1958; Townsville, Qld, 1958)

===''MCGAURAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Duncan James Macfarlane McGauran|McGauran, Duncan James Macfarlane]] - 1849(NZ)-1889(NSW) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria, member; Society of Telegraph Engineers, London, member), employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs; WA Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendant Telegraphs; NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs), patents in Quadraplex Telegraphy, father of Duncan James McGauran (telegraphist, accountant, inventor of a telephone meter)

===''MCGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carney Mitchell McGee|McGee, Carney Mitchell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-9LF] - 1910(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 5LX Adelaide (Mile End, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 676, 1930, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 52, 1936; 1COCP 210, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (North Unley, SA, 1939); assistant radio inspector (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1943); radio inspector (Kensington, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Como, 1980)
===''MCGEOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Samuel McGeoch|McGeoch, William Leslie Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVNY-SDX] - 1912(WA)-2007(WA) - Licences: 6WL Brookton (1935-1939, 1947-1956); 6WL Bunbury (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1442, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Brookton, WA, 1936-1943); radio service (Brookton, WA, 1958); electrician (Carey Park, WA, 1968-1980)

===''MCGOWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Walker McGowan|McGowan, Samuel Walker]] - 1829(Irl)-1887(Vic) - Vic Posts and Telegraphs (Superintendent Telegraphs), successfully tendered for the first Australian electric telegraph 1854 (Melbourne to Williamstown) then appointed to the public service to operate and maintain it, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria)

===''MCGRATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Philip McGrath|McGrath, Edward Philip &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW87-9K5] - 1906(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5MO Adelaide (Parkside, 1933-1939; West Mitcham, 1947-1965; Aldgate, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1175, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Parkside, SA, 1939)
* [[/Francis Thomas McGrath|McGrath, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-HRN] - 1891(Tas)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 87, 1915; 1COCP 45, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Moonah, Tas, 1919); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1922); engineer (Eagle Junction, 1925); telegraphist (South Yarra, 1926-1927); supervisor (Caulfield, Vic, 1928-1934; Camberwell, Vic, 1936)

===''MCGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aenas McGregor|McGregor, Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WT] - 1865(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: XJEA Melbourne (Armadale, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: father of 3ZE Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Armadale, 1919; Toorak, 1928-1936)
* [[/Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor|McGregor, Keith Wilfred Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WQ] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ZE Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1924; Toorak, 1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 52, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XJEA Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toorak, 1925-1928)

===''MCGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Patrick Holman McGuire|McGuire, Leo Patrick Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HK-B2T] - 1906(NSW)-2001(WA) - Licences: 3KM Myrtleford (1929-1937); 3KM Corryong (1938-1939); 6MG Manjimup (1947-1969); 6MG Perth (Thornlie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 488, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Wangaratta, 1928); picture proprietor (Albury, 1931); postal employee (Myrtleford, 1936-1937); postal clerk (Mt Magnet, 1943; Manjimup, 1949); radio mechanic (Manjimup, 1954-1972); retired (Thornlie, 1977-1980)
===''MCHUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles McHugh|McHugh, William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-V5Z] - 1914(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KA or 6KD Perth (Guildford, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1766, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Guildford, WA, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Belmont, WA, 1949; North Perth, WA, 1954); mechanic (Cottesloe, WA, 1954; Mt Pleasant, WA, 1963-1972)

===''MCINTOSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John James McIntosh|McIntosh, Stanley John James &quot;Stan&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-C5P] - 1913(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4PK Ipswich (Woodend, 1931-1939); 4PK Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 730, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (workshop foreman); business proprietor (electrical engineering) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Woodend, Qld, 1934-1937; Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''MCINTYRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel George McIntyre|McIntyre, Daniel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTNG-PHV] - 1901(???)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2VX Receive Sydney (Pymble, 1923); 2VX Sydney (Pymble, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1958); radio retailer (Pymble, 1963)

===''MCKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander John McKenzie|McKenzie, Alexander John]] - 1905(???)-19??(???) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''MCKEOWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* McKenzie, Florence Violet  (married name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)
* [[/Allan McIllroy McKeown|McKeown, Allan McIllroy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L69J-SFC] - 1904(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3YZ Melbourne (Alphington, 1924-1927); 3YZ Geelong (1931); 3YZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1933-1939, 1946-1969); 3YZ Ocean Grove (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 51, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 42, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1936-1954; Alphington, 1968); nil (Ocean Grove, 1972-1977)
===''MCKINLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Harold McKinley|McKinley, Norman Harold &quot;Shorty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWGP-TLC] - 1913(???)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 969, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Milton, Qld, 1949-1972); driver (Paddington, Qld, 1980)

===''MCLAUCHLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles David McLauchlan|McLauchlan, Charles David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYL6-PYY] - 1876(Vic)-1943(Vic) - 6BW Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923), 6BW Perth (Victoria Park, 1924-1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Eucla, 1906; Perth, 1910-1916), telegraph engineer (Victoria Park, 1925), superintendent telegraphs (South Yarra, 1931; Camberwell, 1937-1943)

===''MCLEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Campbell McLean|McLean, Stewart Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86G-PMR] - 1910(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3GK Melbourne (Yarraville, 1930-1933; Brunswick, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; Caulfield, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 601, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 65, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarraville, 1931-1936); nil (Elsternwick, 1954); engineer (Caulfield, 1958-1980)

===''MCLENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth McLennan|McLennan, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9H-B4N] - 1892(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 124, 1915; 2COCP 185, 1930; 1COCP 238, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous KMcLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCLEOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander McLeod|McLeod, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMKJ-L25] - 1972(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4CF Receive Brisbane (Red Hill, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Red Hill, 1903-1905); pastrycook (Red Hill, 1908-1926; Mt Bruce, 1929-1943)
* [[/Gordon Stuart McLeod|McLeod, Gordon Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-38Y] - 1912(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 3ZZ Geelong (West Geelong, 1930-1931; Newtown, 1933; Crib Point, 1937; Wallington, 1938); 2ADC Sydney (Sans Souci, 1939; Hurstville, 1946-1947; Beverley Hills, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 707, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: RAN (Crib Point, Viv, 1937); petty officer RAN (Hurstville, 1943); clerk (Beverly Hills, 1949-1963)
* [[/Norman McLeod|McLeod, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86P-8F2] - 1901(Vic)-1995(Vic) - Licences: 3NM Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 602, 19??, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Caulfield, 1937-1968)

===''MCLOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. C. McLoughlin|McLoughlin, E. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5KJ Port Lincoln (1928-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MCMAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Hanney McMahon|McMahon, Leo Hanney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD8-XQH] - 1914(Qld)-1992(NSW) - 4LM Brisbane (Toombul, 1933-1938); 2ALM Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1939); 2AC Sydney (Kingsford, 1946-1950; Randwick, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1104, 1933, Qld) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, AMC); occupation (doctor) - Electoral Rolls: student (Camperdown, NSW, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Kingsford, NSW, 1949; Randwick, NSW, 1954-1980)

===''MCMASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John McMaster|McMaster, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls:

===''MCMATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph McMath|McMath, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KG-ZK2] - 1910(Vic)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 3JJ Melbourne (Albert Park, 1927-1939; South Melbourne, 1946-1960; Elwood, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 351, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albert Park, 1931-1937); manager (St Kilda, 1949-1954); retired (Brighton, 1963-1968; Black Rock, 1972-1977)

===''MCMURTRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Adam McMurtrie|McMurtrie, Sydney Adam or Adam Sydney &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQM-DQW] - 1908(NSW)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4JR Booval (1929-1933); 2AFX Lismore (1937-1939); 4KT Gympie (1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 491, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Gympie, 1936); radio salesman (Lismore, 1937); telephone mechanic (Gympie, 1943-1980)
===''MCNALTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McNalty|McNalty, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXW-67M] - 1901(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DZ Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Mackay, Qld, 1930-1943); public servant (Fairfield, Qld, 1949); clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1954); telegraphist (St Lucia, Qld, 1958)

===''MCNICOL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Edgar McNicol|McNicol, Robert William Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-6NN] - 1917(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4WM Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1680, 1936, Qld; BOCP 57, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Teneriffe, Qld, 1943); university lecturer (Tarragindi, Qld, 1954-1972)

===''MCPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Thomas McPherson|McPherson, Colin Thomas or Thomas Collins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-HST] - 1897(Vic)-1951(Vic) - Licences: 3LU Melbourne (Footscray, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 523, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Footscray, 1919); storeman (Footscray, 1922-1942)
* [[/Murdoch John McPherson|McPherson, Murdoch or Murdock John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/27D9-9TB] - 1904(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4MC Merinda (1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 916, 1926; 2COCP 58, 1929; 1COCP 161, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Merinda, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1929); clerk (Mt Coolah, NSW, 1968)

===''MEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Mead|Mead, Jack]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-ZSH] - 1915(WA)-2009(WA) - Licences: 6LJ Perth (East Victoria Park, 1931-1939; Wembley, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 803, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 168, 1934; 1COCP 289, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Victoria Park, WA, 1937); mechanic (Wembley, WA, 1943-1980)
* [[/Jordan Arthur Mead|Mead, Jordan Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTJF-1KH] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1924), 2JA Sydney (Ashfield, 1925-1928), 2JA Byron Bay (1929-1930), 2AJA Sydney (Ashfield, 1946; Bexley, 1947-1957), 2JM Sydney (Bexley, 1958-1980), qualifications (AOCP 212, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: telephone mechanic (Byron Bay, 1930; Ashfield, 1931-1943), power technician (Bexley, 1949-1968), electrical field officer (Bexley, 1972-1980)

===''MEADOWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Meadows|Meadows, Robert Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-ZRK] - 1907(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 4RM Mackay (1932-1939);  2ARM Sydney (Kirribilli, 1946-1948); 2IN Sydney (Rhodes, 1956-1958; Chiswick, 1960; Long Jetty, 1961; Killarney Vale, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 879, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (Pems Radio, Rockhampton); journalist (Minchens Electrical Weekly); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: reporter (Crows Nest, NSW, 1930); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1932); radiotrician (Mackay, 1934-1937); wireless instructor (Kirribilli, NSW, 1943); manager (Rhodes, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Five Dock, NSW, 1958; Killarney Vale, NSW, 1963)

===''MEDHURST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Edney Medhurst|Medhurst, Edgar Edney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-WFC] - 1902(Tas)-1966(Vic) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Frederick William Medhurst|Medhurst, Frederick William &quot;Pop&quot; (in latter years)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4GS-R6P] - 1868(Eng)-1969(Tas) 101yo - Licences: XZD Hobart (1913-1914); 7AH Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923); 7AH Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1924-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter from 1901; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business (Medhurst &amp; Sons, 1920s) - Relationships: father of  Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst, all in the business and interested in radio
* [[/Harry Frederick Medhurst|Medhurst, Harry Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-QZV] - 1893(Tas)-1963(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Phillip Aubrey Medhurst|Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-DFX] - 1895(Tas)-1969(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Rowland Arthur Medhurst|Medhurst, Rowland Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-ZT4] - 1892(Tas)-1969(Tas) - early wireless experimenter, lecturing on wireless 1911, never licensed, likely utilised licence of XZD-7AH (father), son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst
===''MEDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel James Clifford Medlin|Medlin, Noel James Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MB-743] - 1917(Vic)-2004(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (ABCB), federal public servant (ABCB), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1943; St Kilda, 1949; Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Inverloch, 1980) - father of AM directional antennas in Australia

===''MENON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Menon|Menon, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4F-3CQ] - 1905(SA)-1969(NSW) - 3OG Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3OG Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1927), 2OG Sydney (Haberfield, 1928; Croydon, 1929-1931), 3OG Melbourne (East Kew, 1933), 2OG Sydney (Northbridge, 1934-1935; Chatswood, 1936-1937; Longueville, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Pymble, 1950; West Pennant Hills, 1954-1965; Arcadia, 1969), amateur operator (AOCP 209, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (St Kilda West, 1926-1927), radio engineer (Coburg, 1931), engineer (Kew, 1934), radio engineer (Chatswood, 1937; Longueville, 1943), engineer (Baulkham Hills, 1954-1958; Arcadia, 1968)

===''MERCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie George Merchin|Merchin, Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTLT-SSF] - 1917(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ML Richmond (1934-1939); 4MG Richmond (1948); 4MG Killarney (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1399, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: garage proprietor (Richmond, Qld, 1943-1949); motor mechanic (Killarney, Qld, 1954-1968; Rockhampton North, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MEREDITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement George Benger Meredith|Meredith, Clement George Benger]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZJD-6S6] - 1885(WA)-1959(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 15, 1914 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1916); officer-in-charge wireless (Geraldton, WA, 1916-1917)
* [[/Llewellyn Lennon Meredith|Meredith, Llewellyn Lennon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8W-LV7] - 1885(Eng)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 246, 1916 - ship wireless officer, AWA (traffic manager) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_04_04#P.22_-_Obituary_-_Mr._L._L._Meredith|Obit]]
===''MESSENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Albert Messenger|Messenger, Percival Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRP-BS1] - 1892(SA)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 5PM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 70, 1915 (Marconi); CPRT 152, 1915 (Balsillie) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manager (Randwick, NSW, 1936; Coogee, NSW, 1943-1958; Randwick, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''MICHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Ernest Henderson Michell|Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQNQ-T5H] - 1897(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3JP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3JP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1931; Elsternwick, 1933); 3JP Hamilton (1937-1939); 3AEM Hamilton (1960-1969); 3JX Hamilton (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 162, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator of 3LR Elsternwick Radio Club (1925); WW1; land officer (Hamilton, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Balaclava, 1919-1921); draftsman (Caulfield, 1922); land officer (Hamilton, 1936-1980)

===''MILBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Leslie Milburn|Milburn, Henry Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-8VJ] - 1890(Vic)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Home Hill (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowong, 1919); electrical engineer (Home Hill, 1922-1925; Stanthorpe, 1934-1949) - Halcyon: not mentioned?

===''MILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Thomas Miles|Miles, Gilbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19Y-X19] - 1904(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7KQ Hobart (Bellerive, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 106, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Glen Iris, Vic, 1931); engineer (Elsternwick, 1936); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943-1972); engineer (Croydon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Harry Raymond Miles|Miles, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NJ-DQ2] - 1911(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1933); 6XL Wiluna (1937); 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 645, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wiluna Gold Mines, WA, 1936; Mt Beauty, Vic, 1954); poultry farmer (Balga, WA, 1958-1972); farmer (Wanneroo, WA, 1977-1980)

===''MILLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roydon Arthur Milledge|Milledge, Roydon Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMJY-3DW] - 1903(Vic)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 3WT Shepparton (1936-1937); 7WT Hobart (1938-1939); 7WT Ulverstone (1947-1948+); 7WT Hobart (1956-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1693, 1936, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; bank clerk 1931; Civil Engineer 1950s - Electoral Rolls: assistant engineer (State Savings Bank, Auburn, 1927); engineer (Glenhuntley, 1931-1934); civil engineer (Shepparton, 1936)
===''MILLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dunlop Millen|Millen, John Dunlop]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC9X-S4W] - 1877(Irl)-1941(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; senator - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Waratah, 1914-1919; Newstead, 1922-1937)
===''MILLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alexander Miller|Miller, Charles Alexander &quot;Charlie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-YRR] - 1915(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4US Brisbane (New Farm, 1933-1936); 2ADE Casino (1935-1939, 1946-1961); 4QM Caloundra (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1208, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang, military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Casino, 1943-1963); army officer (Ipswich, 1963); retired (Shelley Beach, 1968-1972; Caloundra, 1977-1980)
* [[/Charles Harcourt Miller|Miller, Charles Harcourt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-9QY] - 1921(Tas)-2001(Tas) - Licences: 7CM Hobart (Bellerive, 1936-1939; Taroona, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1799, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Bellerive, 1943)
* [[/Francis George Miller|Miller, Francis George &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-LHT] - 1895(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BF Mt Gambier (1923-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 185, 1925, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 58, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; founder of commercial station 5MU Murray Bridge; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Murray Bridge, 1939-1943) [https://www.qsl.net/vk5br/FrankMiller.pdf Biography]
* [[/Frank Colin Miller|Miller, Frank Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9C-86L] - 1884(Eng)-1953(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 126, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engine operator (Radio Station, Roebourne, 1916-1917); station hand (Marron Station, 1918; Carnarvon, 1921; Mallina, 1922-1925); contractor (Roebourne, 1930-1936; Karratha Station, 1937); labourer (Roebourne, 1943); cook (Wittenoom Gorge, 1949)
* [[/H. Miller|Miller, H.]] - 19??-19?? - 4EH Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1924); 2EH Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1925-1928) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert Edward Miller|Miller, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-XMX] - 1899(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HE Sydney (Belmore, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 932, 1926; 2COCP 329, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Campsie, 1930; Belmore, 1932-1943); miner (Glen Davis, 1943)
* [[/Herbert Leslie Miller|Miller, Herbert Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-7LH] - 1897(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4CA Receive Brisbane (West End, 1922); 4HL Brisbane (Hill End, 1927) - Qualifications: CPRT 330, 1917; 2COCP 329, 1940; 1COCP 483, 1940s; BOCP 370, 1941 - ship wireless officer (RMS Bingera, 1920); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (J. B. Chandler, 1924; Overells, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (West End, 1921); salesman (West End, 1925); manager (Coorparoo, 1928); salesman (Coorparoo, 1937-1954); clerk (Camp Hill, 1958-1963)

===''MILLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hugh Milligan|Milligan, Stanley Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2CB1-L7Y] - 1901(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3AU Receive Geelong (1922-1923); 3AU Geelong (1924); 3AU Eaglehawk (1924-1926); 3AU Chilwell (1927-1931); 3AU Geelong (1937-1939); 3AU Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1947; Auburn, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 125, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 164, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Eaglehawk, 1924-1926; Geelong West, 1924); radio mechanic (Chilwell, 1927-1931); watchman (Geelong West, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Hawthorn, 1949); engineer (Canterbury, 1954-1968); nil (Doncaster, 1972)
===''MILLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Griffiths John Mills|Mills, Griffiths John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CK Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Subiaco, 1929-1931)
* [[/Norman Gibson Mills|Mills, Norman Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9415-SSS] - 1890(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 4NM Brisbane (Moorooka, 1938-1939, 1947-1956; Margate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, Qld, 1919); contractor (Moorooka, Qld, 1921-1954); retired (Margate, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Ralph Mervyn Mills|Mills, Ralph Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JD-GST] - 1909(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MM Sydney (Balmain, 1930-1934; Canterbury, 1935-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 660, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Balmain, 1931-1937); engineer (Pymble, 1949-1977; West Pymble, 1980)

===''MILNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Brough Milne|Milne, Andrew Brough]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KXN-QZV] - 1890(South Africa)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Dealer Mackay (1926-1927) - Qualifications: 3COCP 3492, 1961 - dealer licence - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Mackay, 1915-1943); mechanical engineer (North Mackay, 1949-1977)
* [[/John Collicott Milne|Milne, John Collicott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP34-518] - 1903(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7AG Gretna (1923-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 604, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Gretna, 1928-1980)
* [[/James Milner|Milner, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXH-1DM] - 1901(Eng)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4AK Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1923-1927; Ashgrove, 1931-1936); 4AU Brisbane (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 93, 1925, No. 11 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (prominent from Valley Theatre) - Withdrawal: 4AK amateur callsign withdrawn by the PMGD for allocation to the new 4AK Oakey commercial service - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kelvin Grove, 1925-1926); electrical fitter (Ashgrove, 1928-1943)

===''MINCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur W. Minchin|Minchin, Arthur W.]] - 19??-19?? - 4AM Rockhampton - amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4RO Cmcl), wireless retail business proprietor - seems in error, see William Allan Minchin 
* [[/William Allan Minchin|Minchin, William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV7Q-86C] - 1893(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 220, 1916; 2COCP 365, 1931; 1COCP 244, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer operator (Wyndham, 1917); farmer (Toodyay, 1925); radio engineer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943; Lismore, 1949-1954; Hunters Hill, 1958-1968); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1972)

===''MINEHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Minehan|Minehan, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MINGAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Francis Mingay|Mingay, Oswald Francis &quot;Ossie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K45G-NZG] - 1895(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2XX Sydney (Turramurra, 1923-1926; Sydney, 1931-1933) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; journalist; publisher; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Collaroy, 1930); managing editor (Pymble, 1930-1932); radio engineer (Lindfield, 1933-1934); publisher (Lindfield, 1937-1963; St Ives, 1963-1968) - Comment: licensed operator of 2WV Burgin Electric Co. (1923) [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mingay-oswald-francis-ossie-11135 ADB]; [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Mingay.htm MacKinnon]

===''MITCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Theodore Mitchell|Mitchell, Alexander Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-CC2] - 1872(???)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Receive Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Red Hill, Qld, 1921; Torwood, Qld, 1922); electrical engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Wilston, Qld, 1928-1929; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1963)
* [[/Harold Benson Mitchell|Mitchell, Harold Benson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-QN7] - 1901(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3CZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Elwood, 1924-1927); manager (Caulfield, 1937); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1942); manager (Caulfield, 1949); merchant (St Kilda, 1949); manager (St Kilda, 1954)
* Mitchell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; - see Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; (frequent misspelling)
* [[/Stanley John Mitchell|Mitchell, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-Q83] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Monaco) - Licences: 3SJ Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 53, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toorak, 1912-1916; Brighton, 1919-1928); investor (Brighton, 1936-1937) financier (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''MOFFATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert David Gray Moffatt|Moffatt or Moffat or Gray, Robert David Gray &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8V-PM3] - 1911(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RD Mackay (1935-1939); 4RD Gracemere (1947-1948); 4RD Mackay (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1549, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Herberton, Qld, 1936; Mackay, Qld, 1937); mechanic in broadcasting (Gracemere, Qld, 1949); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''MONEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Money|Money, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JD-M9H] - 1907(Vic)-1986(Vic) - 3MY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1939; Upwey, 1946-1948; Cheltenham, 1954-1969; East Bentleigh, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 205, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draughtsman (Camberwell, 1931-1934), engineer (Upwey, 1942-1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1967; East Bentleigh, 1972-1980)

===''MONKHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Isaac Monkhouse|Monkhouse, Walter Isaac]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8ZT-YPN] - 1887(NZL)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio clubs (QWI &amp; WIA Qld, president &amp; lecturer); senior state public servant (Qld Public Works Dept, State Electrical Engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as president WIA Qld)  - Electoral Rolls: telephone instructor (South Brisbane, 1919); engineer (Teneriffe, 1925; New Farm, 1928; Taringa, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Bardon, 1958-1963)
===''MONKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Brendan Monks|Monks, Alfred Brendan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-444] - 1894(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AAB Melbourne (Diamond Creek, 1948; Northcote, 1954-1960; Preston, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 571, 1920; 2COCP 272, 1930; 1COCP 282, 1932 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1915) - Relationships: twin brother of 7BR Cyril Wilson Monks - Electoral Rolls: Western Electric engineer (East Sydney, 1930); licensee Railway Commercial Hotel (Albury, 1931-1932); radio telegraphist (Centennial Park, 1943); radio officer (Reservoir, Vic, 1963; Preston, 1967-1972)
* [[/Cyril Wilson Monks|Monks, Cyril Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-96N] - 1894(Tas)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 7BR Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 225, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1919); WW2 - Relationships: twin brother of 3AAB Alfred Brendan Monks - Electoral Rolls: federal civil servant (Battery Point, 1928); public servant (Bellerive, 1936-1937); radio inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1943; Nedlands, 1949); retired (Frankston, 1972)
===''MONTEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Monteath|Monteath, Frederick]] - 1895(Vic)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 3VM Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1923-1924); 3KP Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 694, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Prahran, 1919; Elsternwick, 1921); mercer (Elsternwick, 1924-1931); photographer (Glenmore, NSW, 1934-1935; Ashfield, 1937); storekeeper (Rockdale, 1943)

===''MOODY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Percy Moody|Moody, Francis Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1D9-KLG] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FM Cairns (1932-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 967, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Rockhampton North, 1925-1926); accountant (Cairns, 1926-1949); radio dealer (Cairns, 1954-1980)

===''MOORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Moore|Moore, Albert Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KW6D-TMT] - 1916(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; NAOCP Q728, 1980, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer; clubs (All-Wave All-World DX Club, Shortwave League of Western Australia, Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia) - QSLs: portion (200+) of later QSL collection survives (ARDXC/NFSA)
* [[/Eric John Theodore Moore|Moore, Eric John Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD91-7LN] - 1894(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEM Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914); Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923); 2EM Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 161, 1915; 2COCP 237, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Awards: UK merchant seaman medal - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bronte, 1934-1937)
* [[/Francis Leonard Moore|Moore, Francis Leonard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1924(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, employment (Archibald John Shaw, Maritime Wireless Co, United Distributors) - Comment: electrocuted while conducting wireless experiments
* [[/Louis James Murphy Moore|Moore, Louis James Murphy &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L45W-GS4] - 1888(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3LO Receive Seymour (1923); 3LO Seymour (1924-1925); 3MS Seymour (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 85, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Clifton Hill, 1909); telegraphist (Collingwood, 1912-1914); wireless operator (Collingwood, 1917-1919); telegraphist (Elsternwick, 1922); clerk (Seymour, 1924-1931; Bentleigh, 1936-1949); guesthouse proprietor (Healesville, 1954); clerk (Oakleigh, 1963-1968) - Withdrawal: Likely 3LO callsign withdrawn for allocation to 3LO Melbourne Class A

===''MOORHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Martin Moorhouse|Moorhouse or Moorehouse, Herbert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJPG-1HL] - 1899(Tas)-1990(WA) - Licences: 7HM Hobart (North Hobart, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart South, 1922); carpenter (New Town, 1928); carrier (Hobart North, 1936); motordriver (Queensborough, 1949)

===''MORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Donald Moran|Moran, Cyril Donald]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast technician at 4QG under Qld Government, state public servant (4QG)

===''MORGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Mowbray Morgan|Morgan, Donald Mowbray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP7-218] - 1907(NSW)-1988(Tas) - Licences: T749 Receive Glebe (1922); Receive Glebe (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Huonville, 1928-1972)
* [[/Ivor Morgan|Morgan, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRSY-S8G] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3DH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1933; Shepparton, 1937; East Malvern 1938-1939; Hawthorn, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 605, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 20, 1936; TVOCP, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1931-1934); engineer (Brighton, 1936); broadcast engineer (3SR Shepparton, 1937); technician (Hawthorn, 1943-1977) - Relationships: Father of 3ZFM V. I. Morgan
* [[/William Albert Morgan|Morgan, William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HVG-8PW] - 1899(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: 7AI Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart West, 1922); electrical fitter (New Town, 1928-1937); fitter (New Town, 1943-1954); manager (Montrose, 1963)

===''MORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. H. Morley|Morley, W. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2WU Sydney (Watersleigh, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John William Morris|Morris, Albert John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-Y2J] - 1873(Tas)-1940(Tas) - Licences: 7BS Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1943)
* [[/Cecil Ralph Newman Morris|Morris, Cecil Ralph Newman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MW-YGT] - 1906(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923); 4CN Brisbane (Rosalie, 1928); 4LW Brisbane (Rosalie, 1929-1933; Ashgrove, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 398, 1928, No. 45 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; technician (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Rosalie, 1928); postal mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1954); supervising technician (Rosalie, 1958-1968)
* [[/Glynn Ian Elliott Morris|Morris, Glynn Ian Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XG-9TS] - 1908(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BZ Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1930-1939; Parkdale, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 621, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1931-1937); mechanic (Mentone, 1943); official (Mentone, 1949-1968); secretary (Mentone, 1972-1980)
* [[/Jack Dudley Morris|Morris, Jack Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2R-NMZ] - 1914(Vic)-1944(At Sea) - Licences: 3LX Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1933, pirate); 3DQ Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1934-1937) - qualifications: AOCP 1244, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (mention in despatches) - electoral rolls: operator (Oakleigh, 1936-1942) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Richard Charles William Morris|Morris, Richard Charles William (BDM) or Charles Richard William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW7-56S] - 1922(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4MT Rockhampton (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3210, 1951, Qld; BOCP 1460, 1956 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, 1949); electrical fitter (Rockhampton, 1954-1963); radio technician/electrician (Rockhampton, 1968-1972); radio technician (Rockhampton, 1977-1980)
* [[/Ronald David Morris|Morris, Ronald David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX5W-S7Z] - 1904(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3AP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3AP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927); 3APM Melbourne (East Brighton, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 151, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 919, 1926; BOCP 600, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Caulfield, 1925-1931); radio (Brighton, 1936-1937); mechanic (Brighton, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949-1967; Brighton East, 1972-1977)
* [[/Sydney Paul Francis Morris|Morris, Sydney Paul Francis &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-MRP] - 1888(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prahran, Vic, 1909; Dandenong, 1912-1913); clerk &amp; telegraphist (Eltham, Vic, 1924); manager (East Bairnsdale, Vic, 1925-1928); clerk (Sandringham, Vic, 1931); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949)
* [[/William Belfort Morris|Morris, William Belfort]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X1-VYQ] - 1910(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6WM Perth (Hollywood, 1930-1937; Mt Lawley, 1938-1939); 6WM Kalgoorlie (1946-1954); 6WM Perth (Applecross, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 625, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hollywood, 1931-1937); newsagent (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954); representative (Applecross, 1958-1980)
===''MORRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Cyril Tucker Morrison|Morrison, Gordon Cyril Tucker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-J6Z] - 1916(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 6KN Geraldton (1935-1937); 6KN Perth (City, 1938-1939); 2AKN Sydney (Hernes Bay, 1947; Parramatta, 1948-1950; Balgowlah, 1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1485, 1935, WA; BOCP 89, 1937; 3COCP 1536, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Geraldton, WA, 1937); radio employee (North Perth, WA, 1943); aircraft surveyor (Parramatta North, NSW, 1949; Balgowlah, NSW, 1954-1963); surveyor (Wahroonga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''MORRISSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Joseph Martindale Morrissey|Morrissey, Brian Joseph Martindale]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5AP Adelaide (Prospect, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1544, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''MORROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Caldwell Morrow|Morrow, Arthur Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQF-T2F] - 1912(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 335, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Red Hill, Qld, 1934-1937); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1943); farmer (Paddington, Qld, 1949-1963)
===''MORSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel Percy Morse|Morse, Noel Percy &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWRN-3QR] - 1914(Qld)-1942(At Sea) - Licences: 2JE Sydney (Cremorne, 1934-1935); 4LI Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937); 2AHS Sydney (Mosman, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1402, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RNZAF, Pilot Officer) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Buranda, Qld, 1937; Clayfield, Qld, 1937) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.rafcommands.com/database/wardead/details.php?qnum=95585 RAF Commands]; [https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/record/C29996 Auckland Museum]; [http://aircrewremembered.com/morse-noel.html AirCrewRemembered]

===''MORTIMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mark Mortimer|Mortimer, Mark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7M-ZZ4] - 1887(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 107, 1915; 2COCP 48, 1929; 1COCP 89, 1930; BOCP 48, 1934?  - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917)  - Comment: numerous contemporaneous MMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Evors Morton|Morton, Charles Evors]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ5-F3R] - 1888(Qld)-1963(NSW) - 2MH Sydney (Homebush, 1925-1934), amateur operator (AOCP 170, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, public servant (Rockhampton, 1912), WW1

===''MOSES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Joseph Moses|Moses, Charles Alfred Joseph]] - 1900(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - ABC (general manager) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Charles Moses|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/moses-sir-charles-joseph-15044 ADB] 
===''MOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Moss|Moss, George Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-86Y] - 1903(WA)-2000(WA) - Licences: 6GM Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1926-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; Mt Pleasant, 1960-1965; Boya, 1969-1995+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 233, 1926, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 177, 1934; 1COCP 574, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: piano mechanic (Cottesloe Beach, 1925); wireless mechanic (North Perth, 1931-1958); lecturer (Mt Pleasant, 1963; Boya, 1968-1980) - [https://qsl.net/vk6zse/historic/p-vk6gm.html QSL.net]

===''MOULE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Ernest Moule|Moule, Clifford Ernest &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XQ-DFH] - 1912(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5CX Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1939; Plympton, 1946-1948; McLaren Vale, 1954; Lower Mitcham, 1955-1956; Westbourne Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 611, 1930, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1462, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Clarence Gardens, 1939-1941; Glandore West, 1943)

===''MOWLEM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Mowlem|Mowlem, Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9F-DHH] - 1878(???)-1950(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval employee (Toorak, 1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1925); engineer (Toorak, 1928); wireless (Malvern, 1931-1949)

===''MOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Murray Moyle|Moyle, John Murray &quot;Johnny&quot;]] - 1908(Vic)-1960(ACT) - 2JU Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1932+; Radio TV &amp; Hobbies, 1939-), education (Scotch College, 1923-1926), military (WW2, RAAF 1941-, Squadron Leader), broadcast (3DB, 1920s) (callsign 2JU previously Ross Amos Hull) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198909.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198910.pdf EA2]

===''MUIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sibbald Allison Muir|Muir, John Sibbald Allison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRB3-1J6] - 1904(SA)-1996(Vic) - 3QW Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3QW Melbourne (Brighton, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 91, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; likely operator of 3NS dealer licence for Norris &amp; Skelly, Elizabeth St, Melbourne 1924 - Electoral Rolls: dealer (Brighton, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Malvern, 1928); wireless (Brighton, 1931); engineer (Brighton, 1935; Ringwood, 1936-1954); nil (Somers, 1963; Langwarrin, 1968-1977; Garfield, 1980)
* [[/Robert White Muir|Muir, Robert White]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K644-M2J] - 1904(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6RW Wagin (1933-1939); 6RW Perth (Subiaco, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1184, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Albany, WA, 1925-1926); jeweller &amp; radio dealer (Wagin, WA, 1931); jeweller (Wagin, WA, 1936-1943); watchmaker (Subiaco, WA, 1949-1963)

===''MULLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Fred Mullett|Mullett, Leslie Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-BQD] - 1903(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5ZQ Adelaide (Highgate, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1065, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Highgate, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Barton, ACT, 1949)

===''MULLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Mulligan|Mulligan, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2QS-X7W] - 1886(NZ)-1982(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 135, 1915; 2COCP 211, 1930; 1COCP 329, 1933 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917); wireless operator (Emita, Flinders Island, 1919-1928); OIC Radio Station (Darwin, 1934); radiologist (Ascot, 1936); OIC radio (Townsville, Qld, 1943); retired (Warrimoo, NSW, 1954-1958; Umina, NSW, 1958)

===''MUNRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Willson Munro|Munro, Bruce Willson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7GX-CDJ] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4AL Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1927-1931; Bulimba, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 339, 1927, No. 35 in Qld; 2COCP 68, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; aeronautical experimenter; pilot; Qld Aero Club (Brisbane, honorary flying instructor, 1930s); Dept Civil Aviation (Brisbane, Assistant Plan Printer, 1956-1968) - Electoral Rolls: commercial pilot (Moorooka, 1943); flight checking officer (Townsville, 1943); pilot (West End, 1949-1963); commonwealth public servant (Wynnum, 1968-1972); retired (Wynnum, 1977-1980)

===''MURDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilmot Henry Murden|Murden, Wilmot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-7WC] - 1915(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7TY Launceston (1934-1937); 3TY Melbourne (West Preston, 1938-1939; Thornbury, 1947); 3TY Rapanyup (1948); 3TY Sale (1954-1955); 3TY Swan Hill (1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1243, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1176, 1950; 1COCP 1610, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Sale, 1954); radio engineer (3SH, Sale, 1963)
===''MURDOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Fraser Murdoch|Murdoch, James Fraser &quot;Fraser&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FQ Toowoomba (1946-1948), amateur operator (AOCP 2383, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, employment (Empire Theater under Cliff Gold 4CG)
===''MURPHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold James Murphy|Murphy, Harold James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD6Q-ZGP] - 1899(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Ilfracombe (1935-1937); 4HM Pomona (1938-1939); 4HM Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1532, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Auchenflower, Qld, 1925; Milton, Qld, 1928); postal official (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1930); postmaster (Ilfracombe, Qld, 1936-1937); insurance agent (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943); postal official (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); public servant (Stafford, Qld, 1958)

===''MURRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Alexander Murray|Murray, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-SZ7] - 1908(???)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2FM Sydney (Rose Bay, 1927; Mosman, 1928-1935; Cremorne, 1936-1939; Mosman, 1946-1947; Lindfield, 1948-1949; Carramar, 1950-1975); 2FM Blayney (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 336, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Mosman, 1930); engineer (Mosman, 1933); fitter (Mosman, 1934); draftsman (Mosman, 1935); engineer (Neutral Bay, 1943); draftsman (Mosman, 1949); draughtsman (Carramar, 1958-1977); retired (Blayney, 1980)
* [[/John William Murray|Murray, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-32L] - 1905(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3JY Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1930; Fitzroy, 1931-1939); 3AJY Melbourne (Kew, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 396, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Elsternwick, 1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1934; Melbourne East, 1936); technician (St Kilda West, 1943-1949); projectionist (Kew, 1954-1980) - several contemporaneous John William Murray's in Melbourne, identification not certain
* [[/Kynaston Noel Lathrop Murray|Murray, Kynaston Noel Lathrop]] - 1838(Eng)-1916(Tas) - clubs and societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, 1880s; Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, 1860s-1870s; Vic Railways Dept, 1880s-1890s)
* [[/Malcolm Imlay Murray|Murray, Malcolm Imlay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-684] - 1908(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6MY Perth (City, 1930; South Perth, 1933-1939; Floreat Park, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 677, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Perth, 1931); radiotrician (South Perth, 1936; Floreat Park, 1943-1980)

===''MUSGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mandeville D'Oyly Musgrove|Musgrave, Mandeville D'Oyly]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast station proprietor (6ML &amp; others)

===''MUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus Keith Mutton|Mutton, Angus Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5F-BQM] - 1910(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5ZY Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1933; Tusmore, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1089, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Tusmore Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Arthur Henry Mutton|Mutton, Arthur Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC1Y-PP5] - 1908(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2QT Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923-1925); 2QT Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 237, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Annandale, 1930-1937); communication engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1968); public servant (Bayview, 1972-1980)

=='''N'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''NAIRN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Linley Beeton Nairn|Nairn, Arthur Linley Beeton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58V-M8X] - 1895(SA)-1978(NZ) - Licences: 2BI Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 373, 1918 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Hamilton, NZ, 1938); director (Days Bay, Wellington, NZ, 1946-1954)
===''NANCARROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Stanley Nancarrow|Nancarrow, Ralph Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST3-XQ3] - 1904(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5PK Georgetown (1930-1933); 2PY Sydney (Mosman, 1935; Randwick, 1936-1939); 2ACN Sydney (Lane Cove, 1954-1961; North Ryde, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 719, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Randwick, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical fitter (Lane Cove, NSW, 1943-1963); fitter (North Ryde, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''NANGLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Nangle|Nangle, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-F31] - 1869(NSW)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 2MU Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2MU Sydney (Marrickville, 1923-1927; Observatory, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; 1920s Superintendent Technical Education NSW; hon. Government Astronomer NSW; Sydney University (Senate); Royal Society of NSW (president); Fellow Royal Astronomical Society; Fellow Federal Institute of Architects; author (astronomy, architecture) - Electoral Rolls: architect (Petersham, 1903); Government Astronomer (Observatory, 1930-1937) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nangle-james-7722 ADB]

===''NASH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Charles Nash|Nash, William Robert Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDWX-LWF] - 1918(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2WW Sydney (Crows Nest, 1934-1937); 4WN Cairns (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1329, 1934, Qld; 1COCP 138, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Castlecrag, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''NEALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Drayton Neale|Neale, Eric Drayton Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88H-NWT] - 1907(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4EN Longreach (1934-1939); 4EN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1298, 1934, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist), radio club (WIAQ, QSL officer) - Relationships: father of 4?? Eric Drayton Neale Jnr - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1928; Longreach, 1936; Grange, 1937; Wooloowin, 1943-1963)

===''NEAVERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Laurence Neaverson|Neaverson, Leslie Laurence or Lawrence Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYTM-HCD] - 1899(Eng)-1993(NSW) - Licences: G5NX (Lakeside, Cumbria, 1922+); 4NV Brisbane (Holland Park, 1947-1956+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; associate member IRE (Britain); principal Anglo Austral Hearing Aid Dispensary - Electoral Rolls: surgical technician (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''NELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alfred Montague Nell|Nell, George Alfred Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87B-PP6] - 1900(Ceylon)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2JQ Quirindi (1928-1929); 2JQ Canberra (1930); 2JQ Moruya (1931-1936); 2JQ Binda (1937-1939); 2JQ Crookwell (1946-1950); 2JQ Junee (1954-1965); 2JQ Goulburn (1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 413, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Moruya, 1930-1934; Crookwell, 1936-1949; Junee, 1954-1968; Goulburn, 1972-1980)
===''NELSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Yeates Nelson|Nelson, John Yeates]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G884-YDV] - 1851(Irl)-1932(NSW) - Licences: XAA Sydney (McMahon's Point, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer (NSW)) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milson's Point, 1930-1931)
===''NESTROM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Louis Nestrom|Nestrom, Oliver Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-9H4] - 1912(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5RZ Adelaide (St Peters, 1936-1937; Joslin, 1938); 2ADJ Sydney (Homebush, 1939); 5RZ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1947; Glenelg, 1948; St Georges, 1954); 5RZ Port Augusta, 1955-1956); 5RZ Adelaide (Kurralta Park, 1960; Manningham, 1965-1969; St Peters, 1975); 5RZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP, 224, 1935; AOCP 1725, 1936, SA; BOCP 719, 1946; 2COCP 1178, 1949; 1COCP 1491, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Modbury, SA, 1939); fitter (Strathfield, NSW, 1943)

===''NEVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Clifford Anderson Neville|Neville, Alfred Clifford Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH3-Z4D] - 1907(Eng)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ED Receive Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 5827, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hamilton, Qld, 1928); clerk (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1943); accountant (Hawthorne, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (East Brisbane, 1963-1980)

===''NEWBERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Mallord Newberry|Newberry, Archibald Mallord]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH51-SDW] - 1893(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AN Red Cliffs (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 606, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Red Cliffs, 1924-1931); radio dealer (Red Cliffs, 1934-1942); cycle dealer (Red Cliffs, 1949-1972) 
===''NEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert James Newell|Newell, Albert James &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1C-RGW] - 1910(Sct)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Mill Hill via Warwick (1936-1939); 4BN Brisbane (Archerfield, 1947-1948; Moorooka, 1954); 4AJ Brisbane (Moorooka, 1965; Yeronga, 1969; Ormiston, 1975); 4AJN Brisbane (Ormiston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1727, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 559, 1942; 1COCP 588, 1942; TVOCP 531, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; AWA Aviation Radio Service - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Mill Hill, Qld, 1931-1943); radio technician (Moorooka, Qld, 1949-1968); television technician (Yeronga West, Qld, 1972); retired (Ormiston, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''NEWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Frederick Newman|Newman, Arthur Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJ9-YSK] - 1881(India)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 10, 1914; CPRT 90, 1915; 1COCP 49, 1930 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant, 1917-1920, terminated Nov 1920); WW1; WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AFNs - Electoral Rolls: traffic officer (Elsternwick, 1917-1919); assistant! (Malvern East, 1924-1931); piano tuner (St Kilda, 1931)
* [[/Sydney Moreton Newman|Newman, Sydney Moreton &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL41-PBM] - 1898(NSW)-1998(NSW)99yo - Licences: XPZ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1913-1914); 3MC Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 655, 1921; 1COCP 90, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Turramurra, 1930-1958); retired (Wahroonga, 1963-1980) - TroveTag: &quot;XPZ-3MC - Sydney Moreton Newman&quot; (68 tags) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199101.pdf EA]
* [[/William Harold Newman|Newman, William Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-4N5] - 1889(NSW)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 2MK? Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922); 2MJ Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway official (Artarmon, 1930-1934); secretary (Mosman, 1936-1943)

===''NICHOLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rupert Nicholas|Nicholas, William Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD14-RFV] - 1913(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7WR Hobart (North Hobart, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 896, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 72, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart North, 1936; New Town, 1943-1954)
===''NICOLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Nicoll|Nicoll, William]] - 1903(Canada)-19??(???) - Licences: 4CO Receive Brisbane (Upper Paddington, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 644, 1921 - amateur Receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Bardon, 1925-1929) 
===''NICHOLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Edgar Nicholls|Nicholls, Francis Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1H-8KQ] - 1910(Vic)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7RY Devonport (1932-1933); 7RY Burnie (1937-1939); 7RY Hobart (New Town, 1946-1948; Lenah Valley, 1954-1955; New Town, 1960; Lenah Valley, 1965-1969; Midway Point, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 991, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Lenah Valley, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Nicholls|Nicholls, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S3-26D] - 19??(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 780, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1963)
* [[/William John Matthew Nicholls|Nicholls, William John Matthew or William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WW-PDS] - 1908(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1928-1933); 7WX Launceston (1937-1939); 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1946-1965; East Malvern, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 419, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 343, 1931; 1COCP 309, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Williamstown, 1931-1936); RAAF (Williamstown, 1949); radio engineer (Williamstown, 1954-1963; Malvern East, 1968-1980)
===''NICHOLSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Malcolm Nicholson|Nicholson, Russell Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-7W4] - 1909(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 4KG Ilfracombe (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 529, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 48, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing contractor (Longreach, 1936); manager 4LG (Longreach, 1937); radio mechanic (Coolangatta, 1949-1972)

===''NICOLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Hort Wilmot Nicolle|Nicolle, Horace Hort Wilmot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZS-MZF] - 1908(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2HK Sydney (Strathfield, 1929-1933; Ryde, 1934); 2AJT Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 527, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist apprentice (Strathfield, 1930); pharmacist (Strathfield, 1933-1935); chemist (Chatswood, 1943-1968)

===''NILSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver John Nilsen|Nilsen, Oliver John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W4-W1G] - 1884(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3UZ Melbourne (1924-25) - Qualifications: Nil identified to date - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - 3UZ experimental callsign issued to Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co in 1923, operator N. J. Boyd; callsign withdrawn 1925 and reallocated to Nilsen's broadcast station which remains current as at 2021 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Fitzroy, 1909-1924; Chelsea, 1928-1931); contractor (Caulfield, 1934-1954); engineer (Elsternwick, 1972; Hawthorn, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nilsen-oliver-john-11244 ADB]

===''NISSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Laurence Nissen|Nissen, Eric Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-ZLR] - 1905(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4XN Dalby (1930-1939, 1946-1975+); 4XN Toowoomba (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 574, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, member); broadcast technician (4QS, 1939-1976); federal public servant (PMGD); Awards: Imperial Service Medal 1976 - Electoral Rolls: none specified (Dalby, 1928-1937); PMG technician (Dalby, 1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1977)

===''NIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edgar Nixon|Nixon, Arthur Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M2-SM5] - 1905(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ON Receive Melbourne (Windsor, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 361, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur receive operator - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Elsternwick, 1931); salesman (St Kilda West, 1931-1936); electrical fitter (Albert Park, 1943-1954)

===''NOLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Michael Nolan|Nolan, Francis Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Q3R-X84] - 1910(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1935-1937; Clayfield, 1938-1939; Stafford Heights, 1946-1948); 4MF Portable (1948); 9FN Port Moresby &amp; 9MF Portable (1954-1956); 4FN/T Gracemere (1960-1969); 4FN/T Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1975; Virginia, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1433, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, WIAQ); broadcast technician (9PA, 4RK); radio serviceman; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Francis William Nolan|Nolan, Francis William &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-XPW] - 1897(NSW)-19?? - Licences: 4JU Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1929-1939, 1947-1956; Paddington, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43? &amp; 501, 1924 &amp; 1929, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio serviceman - Relationships: husband of 4LO Violet Elizabeth Nolan nee Hennessey - Comment: several genealogy sites have wrong data for FWN - Electoral Rolls: cartoonist (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1925);  radio mechanic (Brisbane, City, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1958)
* [[/John Spencer Nolan|Nolan, John Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-KMV] - 1868(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: XED Sydney (Double Bay, 1911-1914); 2JH Receive Sydney (Double Bay, 1922); 2JH Sydney (Double Bay, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster; dentist and dental surgeon - Relationships: father of 2YI Philip Spencer Nolan - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Woollahra, 1930-1935)
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-DSX] - 1896(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: fourth YL operator in Qld - Relationships: wife of 4JU Francis William Nolan - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1943); not stated (Eagle Heights, Qld, 1949); home duties (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1954); domestic (Spring Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Coolangatta, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Philip Spencer Nolan|Nolan, Philip Spencer &quot;Spencer&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-ZWX] - 1897(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: 2YI Sydney (Double Bay, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 58, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; dentist - Relationships: son of XED-2JH Lieut John Spencer Nolan - Comment: gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''NOLTE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Nolte|Nolte, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HG-DD4] - 1911(Vic)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 3NO Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939); 2QO Sydney (Potts Point, 1948-1950; Bexley North, 1954-1975); 2QO Wamberal (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 492, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949; Bexley North, 1958-1963); retired (Wamberal, 1980)
===''NORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Norman|Norman, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Q-ZRS] - 1899(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WJ Eddystone Point Lighthouse (1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stoker (Longford, 1922); lightkeeper (Tasman Island, 1928; Eddystone Lighthouse, 1934; Maatauyker Island, 1936; Currie Harbour, King Island, 1937)
===''NORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Anthony David Norris|Norris, Anthony David &quot;Tony&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Edgar Lewin Norris|Norris, Edgar Lewin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9YH-3D4] - 1891(Qld)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Receive Toowoomba (1922); 4CK Toowoomba (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 80, 1925, No. 8 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Toowoomba RC); WW1 - Relationships: father of 4NO Edgar Thomas Norris - TroveTag: &quot;4CK - Edgar Lewin Norris&quot; - Electoral Rolls: optician (Rockhampton, 1913); optometrist (Wooloowin, 1919; Toowoomba, 1925-1954)
* [[/Edgar Thomas Norris|Norris, Edgar Thomas &quot;Tom&quot; &quot;Tommy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G855-G68] - 1930(Qld)-2019(Qld) - Licences: 4NO Toowoomba (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6945, 1967; AOLCP Q2, 1968; AOCP Q13, 1968, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4CK Edgar Lewin Norris - Electoral Rolls: charge hand (Toowoomba, 1954-1980)
===''NORTHEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurence Harry Northeast|Northeast, Laurence Harry &quot;Laurie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLM3-8NK] - 1908(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5LH Adelaide (Rosewater, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 315, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosewater, 1939-43)

=='''O'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
==='''OAKES'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Andrew Oakes|Oakes, Walter Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-RBQ] - 1907(Tas)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 7BQ Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923); Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP N1088, 1971 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Manly, 1930); electrical fitter (Launceston, 1937); railway employee (New Town, 1943-1949); electrician (Lindfield, 1954); business proprietor (Roseville, 1958); managing director (Roseville, 1963-1968); director (Roseville, 1972-1980)

==='''O'BRIEN'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Clare O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Clare]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTS-7SJ] - 1904(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4NC Brisbane (Stafford, 1939, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2386, 1939, Qld - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kilcoy, 1928); telephone mechanic (Eagle Junction, 1936-1943); technician (Stafford, 1954-1980) 
* [[/Charles Raymond Heddington O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Raymond Heddington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-4CX] - 1913(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3QX Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 626, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Glenhuntly, 1934-1936); electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1942); engineer (Kew, 1954; Mount Waverley, 1963-1972)
* [[/Matthew O'Brien|O'Brien, Matthew or Matthew Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-P35] - 1904(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4MM Brisbane (Toowong, 1926-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 234, 1926, No. 20 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, ARTL, WIAQ, president all); journalist (Teleradio, &quot;Vic Eddy&quot;); Dept Labour Exchange (administration) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Toowong, 1925-1936; Annerley, 1943-1977)

==='''O'DEA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick O'Dea|O'Dea, Francis Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTP-7KL] - 1894(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 (Army, AWS) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Melbourne, 1912-1913; Ascot Vale, Vic, 1914-1937); railways (Brighton, Vic, 1942-1949); railway employee (Footscray North, Vic, 1963-1977) - Links: [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911842/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-francis-patrick-odea/ AWS]

==='''ODGERS'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Fieldhouse Odgers|Odgers, Norman Fieldhouse]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-CYK] - 1906(Qld)-1996(WA) - Licences: 4BO or 4BD Brisbane (Newmarket) &amp; Charters Towers (1924-1925); 4NK; 9NK Port Moresby (1946-1948); 6NF Perth (Applecross, 1954-1969; Bassendean, 1975-1980); 4CH - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 896, 1925; 2COCP 212, 1930; 1COCP 108, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; broadcast engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: senior technician (Applecross, 1954-1963); manager (Applecross, 1968); retired (Bassandean, 1972-1980)

==='''O'DONNELL'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Amos Leslie O'Donnell|O'Donnell, Amos Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NW-Q1P] - 1910(SA)-19??(NSW) - Licences: 6DX Perth (City, 1930-1933); 2AGE Sydney (Ashfield, 1938-1939); 2AOO Sydney (Caringbah, 1960; Mona Vale, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 639, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 515, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (North Perth, 1931); radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1937); education officer (No. 2 W.A.G.S., Parkes, 1943); engineer (Ashfield, 1949; Caringbah, 1958)

==='''O'HARA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bernard O'Hara|O'Hara, John Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XM-Y9M] - 1902(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3OH Maryborough (1930-1939); 3OH Yallourn (1946-1948); 3AAO Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 607, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Albert Park, 1921-1924) instructor (Maryborough, 1928); teacher (Kew, 1934; Maryborough, 1937; Ballarat, 1937; Maryborough, 1943, Warrnambool, 1954; Maldon, 1963) 
==='''OHRBOM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Axel Ragnar Ohrbom|Ohrbom, Axel Ragnar &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-PWJ] - 1903(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924); 3OC Melbourne (West Brunswick, 1928; Coburg, 1931-1939; Moreland, 1946-1948; Hartwell, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 421, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Coburg West, 1949); sharebroker (Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Burwood, 1977)

===''OLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Olof Lemuel Olden|Olden, Olof Lemuel]] - 1863(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Hobart 1920s, early wireless experimenter, no licence yet identified, amateur operator (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, President, 1924), military (Colonel, WW1), occupation (school master)
===''OLDFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Bernam Oldfield|Oldfield, Frederick Bernam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YP-9R2] - 1897(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (1924); 3FB Melbourne (Hampton, 1937-1938); 2FE Sydney (Balmoral, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1240, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Brighton, Vic, 1931; Sandringham, Vic, 1935-1937); journalist (Mosman, NSW, 1943); A.M.F. (Mornington, 1954); tutor (Neutral Bay, 1958)
===''OLDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Oldham|Oldham, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZFK-XBT] - 1902(Tas)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 7XA Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1923, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1936-1949) 
* [[/Fred Oldham|Oldham, Fred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, first president of Hobart Tramways Wireless Club 1905

===''O'LEARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cornelius Daniel Fraser O'Leary|O'Leary, Cornelius Daniel Fraser or Daniel Fraser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN18-4BH] - 1893(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (Tusmore Gardens, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 495, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Unley, 1939-1941)

===''OLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dalley George Tryon Oliver|Oliver, Dalley George Tryon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-MMR] - 1888(NSW)-1959(NSW) - wireless experimenter (1924+) 2?? Gunedah, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1943; Keepit Dam, Tamworth, 1949-1954); retired (Condoblin, 1958) - Relationships: brother of 2MO Marcius John Alexander Oliver
* [[/Marcius John Alexander Oliver|Oliver, Marcius John Alexander &quot;Marcus&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-M82] - 1875(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2MO Gunedah (1929) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 91, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer, radio station proprietor (2MO, 1930-1939), military (air spotters, Port Macquarie) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1936; Port Macquarie, 1943) - Relationships: brother of Dalley George Tryon Oliver

===''OLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Durrant Olle|Olle, John Durrant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4HS-WSX] - 1910(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 2OZ Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1939, 1946; Pennant Hills, 1947-1948; Ashfield, 1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 553, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 321, 1931; 1COCP 197, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Summer Hill, 1936-1937; Ashfield, NSW, 1943); soldier (South Yarra, Vic, 1949); public servant (Mornington, 1963-1980)

===''O'LOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick Morgan O'Loughlin|O'Loughlin, Francis Patrick Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-Z3Q] - 1902(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4OL Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1347, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''OLSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Vivian Olsen|Olsen, Frederick Vivian &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CP-4XJ] - 1912(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3FO Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1929-1931; Hampton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 521, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hampton, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1963; Hampton, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Norman Frederick Olsen|Olsen, Norman Frederick or Frederick Norman (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-8JS] - 1901(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 516, 1920, NSW; 2COCP 59, 1929, NSW; 1COCP 252, 1932 - Nil yet identified - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hurlstone Park, 1934-1937); newsagent (Torwood, 1954-1958); no occupation (Lord Howe Island, 1963-1980)
* [[/Norman Peter Olsen|Olsen, Norman Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-444] - 1897(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2YK Newcastle (1924-1925); 2ZX Waratah (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Waratah, 1930; Mayfield, 1932); public servant (Redfern, 1932-1933; Kogarah, 1934-1935; Wollongong, 1936-1937; Artarmon, 1943-1949; Kogarah, 1949-1963); nil (Merewether, 1968-1980)
* [[/Olaf Olsen|Olsen, Olaf]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QT-69T] - 1878(Norway)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Dalby 1922 (Receive) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Dalby, 1913-1943); engineer (Toowoomba, 1949; Redcliffe, 1954; Paddington, 1958-1963)

==='''O'MAY'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. W. O'May|O'May, J. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Derwent O'May|O'May, Robert Derwent &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNF-5NS] - 1903(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); 7OM Hobart (Bellerive, 1924-1927+; Sandy Bay, 1931+; Bellerive, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 74, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 508, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bellerive, 1928-1954)

==='''OPPENHEIM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver George Oppenheim|Oppenheim or Oliver, Oliver George &quot;Ollie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSS-S7L] - 1911(Vic)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 3ZX Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 580, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1936-1942; Elsternwick, 1949); radio engineer (Elsternwick, 1954); company executive (Coogee, 1958-1963; Lugarno, 1968); importer (Strathfield, 1972-1980)

===''O'REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Joseph O'Reilly|O'Reilly, Maurice Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-VMC] - 1866(Irl)-1933(NSW) - Licences: XACI Bathurst (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St Stanilaus College, Bathurst, 1913); rector of college (St John's College, Camperdown, 1930-1933) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/oreilly-maurice-joseph-7918 ADB] 
===''O'ROURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sydney O'Rourke|O'Rourke, John Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJP-ZW4] - 1918(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 4OR Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1937-1939); 4SO Brisbane (Margate Beach, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2042, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical apprentice (Norman Park, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Newmarket, Qld, 1949); engineer (Margate, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''ORR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Murray Donald Orr|Orr, Murray Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-H29] - 1900(Vic)-1941(Vic) - Licences: 3OR Lake Meran (1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 440, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1940-1941) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Lake Meran, 1924-1934) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/orr-murray-donald-1700/]

===''OSBORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jeffrey David Osborne|Osborne, Jeffrey David &quot;Jeff&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Louis Frederick George Osborne|Osborne, Louis Frederick George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GF-MGZ] - 1900(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3DD Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DD Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1926); 3BMO Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gas fitter (Malvern East, 1922-1926); inspector (Carnegie, 1931-1977)
===''OSBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bolivar Laing Osburne|Osburne, George Bolivar Laing &quot;Laing&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MFY2-F9W] - 1896(Vic)-1933(Vic) - Licences: XKJ Terang (1913-1914); 3BG Terang (1922-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 235, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Terang, 1922-1931)

===''OTHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Othen|Othen, Charles James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRHF-H8Y] - 1897(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: XVT Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5AS Receive Adelaide (1923); 5ON Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1954-1956; Eden Hills, 1960-1969; Blackwood, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3385, 1953, SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''O'TOOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian O'Toole|O'Toole, Ian]] - Licences: 2ZIO Sydney (Adamstown Heights, 1969; North Rocks, 1975; Castle Hill, 1980) - amateur operator; historian (amateur, military communications); proprietor Kurrajong Radio Museum - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://vk2bv.org/archive/museum/ Kurrajong Radio Museum]

===''OTTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Shannon Otty|Otty, William Shannon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7J1] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZL Killingworth (1923-1931); 2ZL Toronto (1933-1975); 2ZL Fennell's Bay (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 219, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Toronto, 1937-1954); retired (Toronto, 1958-1980)

===''OVERLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Overlack|Overlack, Peter]] - early wireless historian [https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval_Networks_Dominance_of_Comms_in_Maritime_Ops.pdf &quot;The Struggle for the Australian Airwaves: The Strategic Function of Radio for Germany in the Asia-Pacific Region before World War I&quot;]

===''OWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Chester Owen|Owen, Chester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ3G-H47] - 1899(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923); 3ZM Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balaclava, 1921; St Kilda, 1922-1926); engineer (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); mechanic (Caulfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Echuca, 1943-1972)
* [[/Stanley Wainwright Owen|Owen, Stanley Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDV9-BP2] - 1912(Vic)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 6RX Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 2RX Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1948-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 716, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 436, 1933; 1COCP 340, 1933; TVOCP 40, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1937-1958); television engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1963-1968); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1972-1977; Artarmon, 1980)

===''OXENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Justinian Oxenham|Oxenham, Justinian]] - 1860(Qld)-1932(Vic) - senior federal public servant (Secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
===''OXLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Oxlade|Oxlade, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-H1C] - 1907(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4GO Brisbane (Newmarket, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 229, 1926, No. 19 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: painter (Chermside, 1937-1943; Maroochydore, 1954; Wavell Heights, 1958), contractor (Chermside, 1963-1980)

=='''P'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''PAECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leonard Paech|Paech, Robert Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6DL-76D] - 1920(SA)-1963(SA) - Licences: 5RL Adelaide (Underdale, 1936-1939, 1947-1948); 5LP Adelaide (Seacombe Gardens, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1626, 1936, SA; 2COCP 279, 1939; BOCP 371, 1941; 1COCP 810, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Nevison Page|Page, Leslie Nevison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSBX-CRV] - 1920(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (New Farm, 1937-1939; Brisbane City, 1947); 2NB Sydney (Potts Point, 1954); 2LP Sydney (St Ives, 1955-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1931, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 2NB may have been withdrawn for 2NB Broken Hill - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ascot, Qld, 1928-1929) (too young for 1920 birth, must be a namesake); radio technician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1954); radio engineer (St Ives, NSW, 1958); manager (St Ives, NSW, 1963); electronics engineer (Epping, NSW, 1968; Eastwood, NSW, 1972)

===''PAGET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Ernest Paget|Paget, Harold Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTK-ZBF] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephonist (Valley, Qld, 1925-1926); postal sorter (Ashgrove, Qld, 1928-1949); mail officer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PAICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Cameron Paice|Paice, Donald Cameron &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KD-2FT] - 1932(Vic)-2018(Vic) - Licences: 3ADP Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3055, 1950, Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1954; Mt Waverley, 1963-1980) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 2AJ Valentine Keith Paice
* [[/Valentine Keith Paice|Paice, Valentine Keith &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K3-5T6] - 1904(NZ)-1977(???) - Licences: ZL1AJ (Z1AJ) 1925-1926; VQ1AJ (OO1AJ) Fanning Island (1926-1928); 2AJ (VK2AJ) Sydney 1929; OA4V Peru (1929) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Ashbury, NSW, 1930) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 3ADP Donald Cameron Paice

===''PARADISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Harry Elliker Paradise|Paradise, Eric Harry Elliker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3M-D75] - 1904(Qld)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Stones Corner, Qld, 1925-1937)
===''PARASIERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Isidore Percy Robert Parasiers|Parasiers, Isidore Percy Robert &quot;Robert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9Y-8B1] - 1902(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (City, 1932-1933; Glandore, 1937-1939); 6PS Perth (Inglewood, 1947); 5RF Adelaide (Glandore, 1948); 5RF Murray Bridge (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 952, 1932, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 283, 1936; BOCP 132, 1937; 2COCP 256, 1939; 1COCP 330, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Norman Paris|Paris, James Norman &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWR-B1W] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: &quot;WIA-L5006&quot; Adelaide (Prospect, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur listener; prominent broadcast listener (1950s, 1960s); clubs (Australian DX Radio Club (SA); Southern Cross DX Club) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Radcliffe Parish|Parish, Hugh Radcliffe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCDL-Y23] - 1914(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7CP Launceston (1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1070, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 189, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Burnie, 1936-1937); manager (Winnaleah, 1943-1949); radio executive (Launceston, 1954)
===''PARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles William Park|Park, John Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-N4N] - 1904(Eng)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6BB Perth (South Perth, 1924-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 794, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (South Perth, 1943-1949); radiographer (South Perth, 1958-1980)
===''PARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Cyril Parker|Parker, Keith Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KDSK-X2P] - 1912(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5PA Port Pirie (1933); 5SO Port Elliot (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 348, 1931; 1COCP 213, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio technician (Fiskville, Vic, 1949-1963; Bassendean, WA, 1968); manager (Cairns, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Kenneth Herbert Parker|Parker, Kenneth Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTM1-Q5G] - 1905(WA)-1994(WA) - Licences: 6KP Meekatharra (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1192, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mining register (Meekatharra, WA, 1931-1937); resident magistrate (Cue, WA, 1943; Geraldton, WA, 1943); stipendary magistrate (Northam, WA, 1949); magistrate (Mt Pleasant, WA, 1954; Riverton, WA, 1958-1963; Applecross, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/P. S. Parker|Parker, P. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2CM Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1923, briefly then reverted to 2CY); 2CY Sydney (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet confidently identified but likely Philip Selwyn Parker, engineer, Bellevue Hill, 1930
* [[/Ronald Alexander Parker|Parker, Ronald Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-6BM] - 1908(Vic)-1984(Qld) - 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1926), 3RA Bendigo (1927), 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), 4PT Southport (1980+), qualifications (AOCP 213, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1931), accountant (Hawthorn, 1936-1937), secretary (Malvern, 1943-1949), retired (Southport, 1980)

===''PARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Parr|Parr, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-22T] - 1908(NSW)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3OM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 646, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1943); engineer (Footscray, 1949; Brunswick, 1949-1963; Melbourne City, 1968-1980)
===''PARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alchorne Parry|Parry, Charles Alchorne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8J-BGL] - 1916(Qld)-2009(USA) - Licences: 4CP Gordonvale (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1441, 1935, Qld; BOCP 177, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Education: PhD - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Cairns, Qld, 1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1943)

===''PARSONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warwick William Parsons|Parsons, Warwick William or William Warwick (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2L4-5ZC]- 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PS Adelaide (City, 1933; Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Rose Park, 1954-1974) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1147, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''PATERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Pryde Paterson|Paterson, Paul Pryde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-LPF] - 1915(WA)-1942(PNG) - Licences: 6PP Wiluna (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1961, 1937, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 24 Squadron, Flight Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/paterson-paul-pryde-260515/]
* [[/Raymund Gordon Paterson|Paterson, Raymund or Raymond Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CH-7RX] - 1903(Vic)-1996(Canada) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 506, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Glenferrie, 1926-1928)

===''PATTERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Campbell Patterson|Patterson, Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9Y1-GDH] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5XR Naracoorte (1933-1939); 5XR Peterborough (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1097, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, 1939); electrician (Quorn, 1941-1943)
* [[/James Brown Patterson|Patterson, James Brown]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTW-WDY] - 1833(Eng)-1895(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Politician, briefly Premier of Victoria (1893-1894), Postmaster-General Vic (July 1878 - March 1880) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Charles William Ingram Patterson|Patterson, Robert Charles William Ingram &quot;Charles Ingram&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5T-2Q4] - 1910(Vic)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 3YP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1927-1939; Eaglemont, 1946-1954); 4YP Brisbane (Fig Tree Pocket, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 352, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Mundabullangana, 1931-1937); agent (Fig Tree Pocket, 1958-1968)

===''PAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Anthony Paul|Paul, Leo Anthony]] - 1905(Vic)-1968(Vic) - 3JQ Receive Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1922-1923), 3LP Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1924-1937; Preston, 1938-1939), 3XO Melbourne (Fairfield, 1948-1960; Thornbury, 1965), amateur operator (AOCP 15, 1924, No. 6 in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''PAYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George H. Payne|Payne, George H.]] - 19??(???)-1987(Qld) - 4NEV Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1946+, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, hon. secretary; WIAQ, president, assoc. members section)
* [[/John Payne|Payne, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSL-41Q] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2IN Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1927; Kensington, 1928-1930)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: insurance department manager (Kensington, 1930-1931); secretary (Kensington, 1933)
* [[/Reginald Lewis Payne|Payne, Reginald Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG9-HFF] - 1898(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: 3RP Geelong (Newtown, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 225, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1919-1921); telegraphist (Newtown, 1922-1942) (check XJM R. Payne, Armadale for relationship)
===''PAYTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Payter|Payter, Joseph William]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - early telephone experimenter in Melbourne, mechanic in Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs (one of James Smibert's &quot;Williamstown boys&quot;)

===''PEARCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Ronald Pearce|Pearce, Edward Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR3M-7YJ] - 1916(Vic)-2004(WA) - Licences: 6TP Perth (North Perth, 1936-1939, 1948; Mt Hawthorn, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1757, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (North Perth, WA, 1937); engineer (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Coolbinia, WA, 1980)

===''PEARN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Pearn|Pearn, William Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCKW-JRW] - 1896(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PN Adelaide (Sturt Park, 1934-1939; Wayville West, 1947-1948; Unley, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1378, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Unley, SA, 1939-1941)

===''PEARSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Richman Pearson|Pearson, Ian Richman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-4LF] - 1908(Vic)-1972(Tas) - Licences: 3SP Melbourne (Berwick, 1929-1931); 7KB Burnie (1948-1965); 7KB Port Sorell (1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 528, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Deer Park, Vic, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Burnie, Tas, 1949-1954)

===''PELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Frederick Law Pelling|Pelling, John Charles Frederick Law &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-176] - 1908(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6WO Moojebing (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1213, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Dumbleyung, WA, 1931); farmer (Moojebing, WA, 1936-1943; King River, WA, 1949-1968)

===''PEMBLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Pembleton|Pembleton, Thomas Edward &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HP-JDF] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4ZL Rockhampton (1936-1939;1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1600, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943); turner (Rockhampton North, 1949-1980)

===''PEPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Campbell Pepper|Pepper, Ralph Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC93-1MN] - 1905(NSW)-1984(Qld) - Licences: N742 Receive Tamworth (1922); 2HV Receive Tamworth (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tamworth, 1930; Maroubra, 1931; Artarmon, 1934-1949; Newmarket, Qld, 1954-1972; Alderley, 1977-1980)

===''PERDRIAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carter Perdriau|Perdriau, Henry Carter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D9-L79] - 1895(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: XHC Sydney (1912-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: cousin of 2ZR William James Stanley Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: manager (Chatswood, 1930-1936; Roseville, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Stanley Perdriau|Perdriau, William James Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTH6-8LS] - 1885(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923); 2ZR Sydney (Manly, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: cousin of XHC Henry Carter Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Manly, 1930-1943)
===''PERREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Litchfield Perrey|Perrey, Alexander Litchfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZVM-9P9] - 1898(SA)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 5LP Strathalbyn (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 99, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Francis Cole Perry|Perry, Malcolm Francis Cole]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L679-XR2] - 1891(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: XCP Sydney (Randwick, 1913-1914); 2DG Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1930-1937); editor (Randwick, 1943-1949; Coogee, 1954-1958); counsellor (Hazelbrook, 1958-1963)

===''PETERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Zornig Peters|Peters, Henry Zornig &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4XX-HBC] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ZP Maryborough (1937-1939); 4ZP Sarina (1947-1956); 4ZP Cooroy (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1978, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Yerra via Maryborough, Qld, 1936-1937; Sarina, 1943); farmer (Cooroy, 1963-1980)

===''PETERSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Marzanti Petersen|Petersen, Thomas William Marzanti &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 1919(Qld)-1981(Qld) - 4FY Brisbane (Cooparoo Heights, 1946-1947), 4YO Moreton Island (1975), amateur operator (AOCP 2321, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor), military (WW2, AIF), employment (Hills TV service), business proprietor (Advance Radio, Wynnum Radio Repairs)
===''PETERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Franz Peterson|Peterson, Harold Franz]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-CV1] - 1888(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HP Sydney (Coogee, 1930-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 617, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector (Coogee, 1930-1958)
* [[/Rupert Clarence Peterson|Peterson, Rupert Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87D-VJ3] - 1910(Vic)-2000(NSW) - Licences: 7AZ Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922-1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923-1924); 3PT Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 401, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 96, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949; Ivanhoe, 1954-1977); retired (Merimbula, 1980)
* [[/Walter Peterson|Peterson, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QP Melbourne (Toorak, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 689, 1930, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kew, 1925); telephone engineer (Kew, 1926-1928); engineer (Toorak, 1931-1937); secretary (Lilydale, 1943-1954); electrical instrument maker (Collingwood North, 1967-1968) - several contemporaneous WPs
* [[/Walter Martin Peterson|Peterson, Walter Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDRD-G6B] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6LW Perth (West Perth, 1937; East Perth, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; City, 1954-1956; City Beach, 1960-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1864, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Balcatta, WA, 1931-1936; North Perth, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1937-1943); radio engineer (East Perth, WA, 1949-1958); lecturer (City Beach, WA, 1963-1977)

===''PHELPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Phelps|Phelps, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D5-97G] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DL Sydney (Canterbury, 1931-1939, 1946; Ashbury, 1947-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 769, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1935-1937; Ashfield, 1942; Ashbury, 1949-1963)
===''PHILBIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Philbin|Philbin, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKL-L7L] - 1889(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7FP Queenstown (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ulverstone, 1914); electrician (Queenstown, 1919-1937); electrical fitter (Queenstown, 1949-1954); to NSW 1940s
===''PHILLIPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan William Albert Phillips|Phillips, Alan William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-LD4] - 1915(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5GX Adelaide (Somerton, 1936-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1601, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (St Leonards, SA, 1939; South Plympton, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Albert Maurice Phillips|Phillips, Albert Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-GGP] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5ZU Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1713, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Gordon George Phillips|Phillips, Gordon George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7V-TB1] - 1887(NSW)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 93, 1915; 1COCP 321, 1933 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Townsville, 1912-1919); radio telegraphist (Currie, King Island, 1922); telegraphist (South Townsville, 1925); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1937)
* [[/Harry Edward James Thomas Phillips|Phillips, Harry Edward James Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZW-SXG] - 1896(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1933; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Merlynstone, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 532, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: slaughterman (Newmarket, 1919); butcher (Emerald, 1922; Mitcham, 1924-1936; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1949)
* [[/James Graham Phillips|Phillips, James Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-8JC] - 1909(SA)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 5BW Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1931; Somerton, 1933-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 256, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Somerton, 1939-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/606863]
* [[/Noel William Phillips|Phillips, Noel William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9FX-877] - 1911(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4NP Ipswich (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1396, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Public Works Dept) - Electoral Rolls: painter (Ipswich, Qld, 1936-1937)
===''PHILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurance Vincent Phillis|Phillis, Laurance Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5R-98V] - 1900(SA)-1953(SA) - Licences: 5LP Adelaide (South Payneham, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1136, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PHILPOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Hanmer Philpot|Philpot, Clarence Hanmer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMRM-C7S] - 1906(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Geelong (1923); 3CP Geelong (1924-1925); 3CP Warrnambool (1925-1926); 3KL Ararat (1927); 3KL Avoca (1931-1937); 3KL Horsham (1938-1939); 3KL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 381, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Derrinallum, 1928; Avoca, 1931-1936); postal (Elsternwick, 1942-1980)
===''PHILPOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Jones Philpott|Philpott, Oliver Jones]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LJ-52T] - 1869(???)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Sandringham, 1919); manager (Caulfield, 1921-1927)
===''PHIPPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Roger Sydney Phipps|Phipps, William Roger Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZX2-Z6G] - 1896(Eng)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6WP Perth (Subiaco, 1924-1927; Victoria Park, 1930-1933; South Perth, 1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 111, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 16, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Subiaco, 1921); electrical fitter (Subiaco, 1925); radio operator (Victoria Park, 1931; South Perth, 1936-1972)

===''PIKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Herbert Arthur Pike|Pike, John Herbert Arthur &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MT5R-K62] - 1890(NSW)-1961(NSW) - XJP Sydney (Arncliffe, 1911), XDY Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912-1914), XDZ Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912), 2DF Receive Sydney (Epping, 1922-1924), 2JP Sydney (Epping, 1925-1929; Greenwich, 1930-1939, 1946-1961), amateur operator (AOCP 130, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, AWA (research, later draftsman)
===''PINNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chalker Pinnell|Pinnell, John Chalker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z5-P4G] - 1902(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923-1924); 2ZR Sydney (Marrickville, 1929-1934; Ashfield, 1935-1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1939, 1946-1950; Earlwood, 1954-1961; Croydon, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 547, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1934; Ashfield, 1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1949); teacher (Earlwood, 1954-1963); retired (Ashfield, 1968; Mt Kuringai, 1980)
===''PINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Pinney|Pinney, C. R.]] - 18??-19?? - 4CP Port Moresby - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''PITCHFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stuart Frederick Pitchford|Pitchford, William Stuart Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5C-X48] - 1906(Eng)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (City, 1926-1933; Hyde Park, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 254, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Reade Park, 1939-1943)

===''PITTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Graham Pitts|Browne, Reginald Graham or Graham Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGB-56Y] - 1915(SA)-2005(WA) - Licences: 5GP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1934-1939); 5GP Alice Springs (1947); 5GE Port Augusta (1955-1975); 5GE Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1377, 1934, SA; 2COCP 189, 1938; 1COCP 225, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: finisher (Torrensville, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Alice Springs, NT, 1949)

===''POLLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henderson Pollock|Pollock, John Henderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFM-9TQ] - 1895(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Moorooka, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Moorooka, Qld, 1922-1926); insurance manager (Townsville, Qld, 1928-1937); insurance agent (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''PONSONBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bessborough Ponsonby|Ponsonby, John Bessborough]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 466, 1919; 1COCP 50, 1930 - coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls:

===''POPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maitland Glen Pope|Pope, Maitland Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ4K-FN6] - 1884(WA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 122, 1915; 1COCP 153, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1906); civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); civil servant (Hobart North, Tas, 1914); officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1919-1921); wireless expert (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925); wireless operator (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1927-1931); supervisor (Essendon, Vic, 1936-1954)

===''PORTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Glanville Porter|Porter, Leonard Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLX-765] - 1897(SA)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5MP Huddlestone (1938-1939; 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 966, 1927; 1COCP 73, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1924); wireless operator (5PI Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''POTTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Potter|Potter, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-38V] - 1915(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6ZO Perth (East Fremantle, 1937-1939; Bicton, 1947-1965; Melville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1959, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (East Fremantle, WA, 1937-1943); contractor (East Fremantle, WA, 1949-1958; Melville, 1963); builder (Melville, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Francis Potter|Potter, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G878-638] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2WP Helensburgh (1928-1939); 2WP Fairy Meadow (1948-1950); 2WP Charlestown (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 399, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 38, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Helensburgh, 1930-1937); mechanic (Fairy Meadow, 1949); shiftman (Charlestown, 1954); electrical mechanic (Charlestown, 1958); railway employee (New Lambton, 1958)

===''POTTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Charles Pottie|Pottie, Norman Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V3D-JFZ] - 1909(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HQ Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931; Hunters Hill, 1933-1938; Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 589, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933; Hunters Hill, 1936-1937; Albury, 1943; Willoughby, 1949-1958)
===''POULSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valdemar Poulsen|Poulsen, Valdemar]] - 1869(Denmark)-1942(Denmark) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - inventor of a magnetic wire recorder, Poulsen arc transmitter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [[w:Valdemar Poulsen|Wikipedia]]; [https://ethw.org/Valdemar_Poulsen IEEE]; [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Valdemar-Poulsen Britannica]
===''POWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Power|Power, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PRESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Arthur Campbell Preston|Preston, Thomas Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDV-FFD] - 1886(Tas)-1970(Tas) - Licences: 7BK Queenstown (1923-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 190, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Mount Lyell Co (electrical engineer, 1920s; chief engineer) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Queenstown, 1919-1954)
===''PRESTON-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cedric Preston-Smith see Cedric Preston Smith

===''PRICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Clarey Price|Price, John Clarey &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7GR-V19] - 1884(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4CE (Receive) 1922; 4FI or 4FJ Brisbane (Bardon, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); radio business proprietor (Wireless House); public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wooloowin, 1912-1913); public servant (Bardon Estate, 1919-1936; Bardon, 1943-1954)
* [[/Keith Ferguson Price|Price, Keith Ferguson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-TPD] - 1900(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4KF Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1937-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1937, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1926); engineering instructor (Camp Hill, Qld, 1937-1943); electrical engineer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PRIDDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Arthur Priddle|Priddle, Raymond Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-PNF] - 1913(NSW)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Bathurst (1929-1936); 2RA Sydney (Marrickville, 1938-1939; Greenwich, 1946; Pymble, 1947-1961; Wahroonga, 1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 473, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Yass, 1935; Marrickville, 1936-1943; Lane Cove, 1943; Pymble, 1949-1963); engineer (Wahroonga, 1968)
===''PRIDEAUX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Charles Prideaux|Prideaux, Joseph Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-Y6H] - 1908(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4DS Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: musician (Lismore, NSW, 1935-1943); hairdresser (Lismore, NSW, 1949-1968)
===''PRIDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Clifford Pridham|Pridham, Leslie Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK2-H6C] - 1916(SA)-2007(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2047, 1937, SA; BOCP 301, 1940; 1COCP 834, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Lockleys, SA, 1943)

===''PRINCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Prince|Prince, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKT-ZLR] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5WK Adelaide (Walkerville, 1934-1939; Kurralta Park, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1358, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Queenstown, SA, 1941); fitter (Gracemere, SA, 1943); sheet metal worker (Broadview Gardens, SA, 1943)

===''PROPOSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilhelm Carl Lormann Proposch|Proposch, Wilhelm or William Carl Lormann or Forman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVN-TGW] - 1900(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4PL Chinchilla (1937-1939); 4PL Nanango (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1986, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wellborer (Maclargan via Jondaryan, Qld, 1925-1936); radio dealer (Chinchilla, Qld, 1937; Nanango, Qld, 1943-1968)

===''PRYZBILLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Alfred Pryzibilla|Pryzibilla, Colin Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKD-1SY] - 1910(SA)-2001(SA)91yo - Licences: 5XJ Adelaide (Parkside, 1935-1939, 19471960; Brooklyn Park, 1965-1969; Ascot Park, 1975; Plympton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1590, 1935, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PURDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Commodore Vere Purdon|Purdon, Commodore Vere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ28-Y6B] - 1901(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1922); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1922; Hobart South, 1928; Bellerive, 1936-1954)

=='''Q'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''QUICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Quick|Quick, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKWF-QQF] - 1852(Eng)-1932(Vic) - state politician (MLA Vic, 1880s &amp; 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1909-1910), oversight of 1909 Melbourne Wireless Telegraphy Conference - Links: [[w:John_Quick_(politician)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/quick-sir-john-8140 ADB]
===''QUIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Quin|Quin, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-TP8] - 1910(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6CX Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937; Wembley, 1938-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 678, 1930, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 178, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wembley Park, 1937); accountant (Swanbourne, 1963); retire (Swanbourne, 1972-1977)

=='''R'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''RADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Dynan Radford|Radford, Wilfred or William Dynan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/92MT-KNF] - 1916(Qld)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4WV Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); 4WW Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1624, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: theological student (Hunters Hill, NSW, 1943); clergyman (Toongabbie, NSW, 1954); priest (Marist College, Armidale, NSW, 1958; Toongabbie, NSW, 1963-1968; Hunters Hill, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RAGLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Beaumont Ragless|Ragless, Gordon Beaumont]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMY3-58F] - 1909(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5GR Adelaide (St Marys, 1928-1939; Marion, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 434, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchard assistant (St Marys, 1939-1943)

===''RAINBOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Rainbow|Rainbow, Christopher James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87K-BB5] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Melbourne (Preston, 1928-1954; West Preston, 1955-1969; Rosebud, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 406, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, partnership (Supreme Radio Co, Preston ?-1932), WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Preston, 1931-1942); traveller (Preston, 1949-1972; Rosebud, 1977); retired (Rosebud, 1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3PA Percy James Anderson
===''RAMSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Ramsay|Ramsay, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-4RT] - 1871(Eng)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Toowong, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hermit Park, Qld, 1903-1905; South Brisbane, Qld, 1912; West End, Qld, 1915-1919); accountant (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925; Waverley, NSW, 1930-1934); teacher (Waverley, NSW, 1936-1943)
* [[/Robert Ramsay|Ramsay, Robert ]] - 1842(Sct)-1882(Vic) - solicitor, Victorian politician, Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1874 - Aug 1875; Oct 1875 - May 1877)

===''RANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Otto Randell|Randell, Charles Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97TF-XLP] - 1880(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BK Innisfail (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (callsign to 4BK Brisbane commercial 1930) - Comment: 4AC Leslie Waters employed by Randell Engineering - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Hambledon, 1903); chemist (Goondi, 1908); engineer (Innisfail, 1912-1913); mechanical engineer (Townsville, 1915); analytical chemist (Innisfail, 1919-1930); agent (Toowong, 1936); chemist (Brisbane, 1937); industrial chemist (North Sydney, 1949)
===''RANKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Ronald Rankin|Rankin, Kenneth Ronald &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2RC-8FS] - 1906(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3KR Kerang (1926-1939); 3KR Benalla (1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 242, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kerang, 1928-1937); manager (Benalla, 1949-1963) - Probate: Theatre Manager (Benalla, 1965)
===''RANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Rann|Rann, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDG-VMV] - 1908(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6KO Perth (Nedlands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1000, 1932, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Nedlands, WA, 1931); printer (West Subiaco, WA, 1936; Wembley, WA, 1937-1943; Leederville, WA, 1954-1958); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1963-1972)

===''RAYNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Rayner|Rayner, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQQ-2LK] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LJ Sydney (Stanmore, 1928-1930; Belmore, 1931-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 384, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 425, 1933; 1COCP 335, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Annandale, 1930); constable (Belmore, 1933-1934); police constable (Belmore, 1937-1949)

===''READ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Earl Read|Read, Alfred Earl &quot;Earl&quot;]] - 1892(NZ)-1960(NZ) - journalist (editor NZ Radio Times to 1936; editor and proprietor, Australasian Radio World 1936-1940; manager, Australasian Radio World 1940+)
* [[/Allan William Read|Read, Allan William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1B-WF2] - 1913(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6LK Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1933); 6LK Northam (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 735, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 163, 1934; 1COCP 83, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broadcasting Station, Northam, WA, 1936-1937); radio technician (North Perth, WA, 1943-1958); public servant (Nollamara, WA, 1963-1980)

===''READER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/d'Arcy Harold Reader|Reader, d'Arcy Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KX-8N8] - 1888(NZ)-1952(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 123, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Thursday Island, Qld, 1916-1917)

===''READING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Reading|Reading, Edward Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZW7-9DL] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2RG Bangalow (1925-1929), 2LT Lismore (1965-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, electrician, Reading Bros (proprietor &amp; electrical engineer, 1930-1939), 2RG callsign may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 2RG Griffith commercial
* [[/Leonard William Reading|Reading, Leonard William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2LY-H23] - 1904(WA)-1989(WA) - Licences: 6LR Northam (1933-1936); 3TQ Newport (1937); 6LR Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939; South Perth, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1200, 1933, Vic; 1COCP 384, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Northam, WA, 1925-1936; Newport, Vic, 1937); airman (South Perth, WA, 1943); supervisor (Karinup, WA, 1980)

===''REDDROP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Reddrop|Reddrop, James William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1T-SYY] - 1906(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Launceston (1934-1937); 3BN Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 28, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: airman (Elsternwick, 1931; St Kilda, 1937); air force (Elsternwick, 1942-1954); air force officer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1958); RAAF officer (Campbell, 1963); retired (Hackett, ACT, 1968); representative (Tbre Lake, 1972-1980)

===''REED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Griffiths Reed|Reed, Joseph Griffiths &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC6Y-GZZ] - 1897(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: XABP Newcastle (1914); 2JR Sydney(Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Croydon, 1934-1939; Northbridge, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 710, 1922; 1COCP 235, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Summer Hill, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1943-1968)

===''REEDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Bennett Reedman|Reedman, Alfred Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZLN-MVM] - 1896(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Norman Park, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919-1921; Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1980)

===''REES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Montague Elyder Rees|Rees, Richard Montague Elyder]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXW-S6Y] - 1901(Eng)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 2RE Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1927; Coogee, 1928-1930); 2WM Sydney (Enfield, 1931-1933); 2APW Albury (1946-1947); 3APW Darling (1948-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 296, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 959, 1927; 2COCP 283, 1930; BOCP 107, 1937; 1COCP 941, 1945 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Enfield, 1931-1937)

===''REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Dwyer Reilly|Reilly, Edward or Edwin Dwyer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S5-67P] - 1913(Vic)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (Woodville, 1935-1939; Brooklyn Park, 1947-1975; Aldinga, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1524, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Woodville, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Eric Harold Reilly|Reilly, Eric Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L153-S1X] - 1905(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4ER Brisbane (Hill End, 1934-1937); 4ER Laidley (1938-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1339, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ, WICEN) - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Hill End, Qld, 1934-1937); motor mechanic (Laidley, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''REIMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Alwin Reimann|Reimann, Albert Alwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4RD-V3K] - 1905(SA)-1946(SA) - Licences: 5JO Adelaide (Kent Town, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 453, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''REINARTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John L. Reinartz|Reinartz, John L.]] - 1894(Ger)-1964(USA) - 1QP (1908-?), 1XAM, W3RB, K6BJ USA, amateur operator, with Fred Schnell made first Trans-Atlantic 2 Way QSO with F8AB Leon Deloy
===''REINHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Cyril Reinhold|Reinhold, Edwin Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHH4-WWR] - 1900(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: Q747 Receive Brisbane (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clayfield, 1925); motor mechanic (Gracefield, 1931-1949); soldier (Sherwood, 1954-1980)

===''RENNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rennie|Rennie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HI Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. M. Rennie|Rennie, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QF Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/K. M. Rennie|Rennie, K. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AO Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RENSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Phillip Renshaw|Renshaw, Walter Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9KS-1LX] - 1891(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: XFP Sydney (Roseville, 1912-1914); 2DE Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 370, 1918 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator - amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIA NSW - 1912+, President, Federal President); professional clubs (IRE NSW - founding member); business (consulting engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Hon. Sec. WIA NSW) - Comment: late 1930s entangled in a NSW State Government corruption enquiry - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Roseville, 1936-1954; Ashfield, 1958-1968)
===''RENWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Griffith Renwick|Renwick, Arthur Griffith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-8XV] - 1902(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2CG Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 292, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Roseville, 1930-1937); chemist (Drummoyne, 1943-1954); retail chemist (Strathfield, 1958-1963)

===''RETALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Moncrieff Retallick|Retallick, James Moncrieff]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKK3-QDW] - 1898(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2XO Bellingen (1930-1939, 1946-1947); 2FE Portable Bellingen (1933-1939); 2XO Raleigh (1948-1955); 2XO Coffs Harbour (1956-1958); 2XO Urunga (1960-1969);  - Qualifications: AOCP 664, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: attendant (Substation, Raleigh, 1949-1954); electrical mechanic (Urunga, 1963-1968)

===''REYNOLDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Daniel Reynolds|Reynolds, George Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9J-VBQ] - 1886(NZ)-1964(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 180, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1917; Cooktown, 1928); radio (Malvern, 1934-1937); wireless operator (New Farm, 1943); radio station manager (Townsville, 1949); retired (Malvern, 1954-1963)

===''RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Rhodes|Rhodes, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BS-QMC] - 1887?(???)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Kadina (1923); 5HR Kadina (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Needs more research - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quorn, 1939-1943; Grassmere, 1943)

===''RIBBETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Ribbett|Ribbett, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQQ-YRJ] - 1880(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''RICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fry Rich|Rich, Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-YZ3] - 1873(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 4CR Fife Bay, Papua - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Father of 4VX 2AJZ 9VX 2API Mackendrick Charles William Rich - Electoral Rolls: retired (Chatswood, NSW, 1943-1949)
* [[/Mackendrick Charles William Rich|Rich, Mackendrick Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-5MB] - 1903(PNG)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 4VX Samarai, Papua (1938-1939); 2AJZ Sydney (Chatswood, 1946); 9VX Port Moresby (1947-1948); 2API Sydney (Manly Vale, 1954-1955; Balgowlah, 1956-1969; Manly Vale, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 4CR Charles Fry Rich - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Manly Vale, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Manly Vale, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RICHARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. F. Richards|Richards, G. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (Moonah, 1923); 2237 Hobart (Moonah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/George Richards|Richards, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDM-JZ6] - 1888(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4XK Ipswich (1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 575, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mine manager (Silkstone, 1917-1932; Booval, 1936-1958)
* [[/Maurice Evans Richards|Richards, Maurice Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-KPB] - 1910(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5CY Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); 5MR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 369, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Likely a relation of 5WR Wilfred Mayo Richards - Electoral Rolls: welder (Millswood East, SA, 1943) 
* [[/Norman Henry Richards|Richards, Norman Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-NL1] - 1912(Eng)-2007(Qld) - Licences: 4NR Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1932-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1071, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1937); mechanic (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1943); refrigeration engineer (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1963-1968); retired (Glasshouse Mountains, Qld, 1972-1977; Tin Can Bay, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Victor John Richards|Richards, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-3HH] - 1916(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6JR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1894, 1937, WA; 2COCP 265, 1939; 1COCP 367, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Nedlands, WA, 1937); radio operator (Alice Springs, NT, 1943); machinery assistant (Wivenhoe, Tas, 1949); radio technician (Darlinghurst West, NSW, 1949; Charters Towers, Qld, 1949)); radio operator (Carlingford, NSW, 1954); radio technician (Blacktown, NSW, 1958); technician (Applecross, WA, 1958-1972); radio officer (Applecross, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Mayo Richards|Richards, Wilfred Mayo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-6W4] - 1896(SA)-1948(SA) - 5WR Adelaide (Medindie Gardens, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 364, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - certainly a relation of 5MR Maurice Evans Richards

===''RICHARDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Kennington Richardson|Richardson, Alan Kennington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRM-73L] - 1914(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5AR Adelaide (Everard Park, 1934-1939; City, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1277, 1934, SA; AOLCP 201, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Everard Park, SA, 1939)
* [[/Jasper Bede Richardson|Richardson, Jasper Bede]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-LTY] - 1907(WA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 6LX Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1933; Hollywood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 831, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (East Fremantle, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Hollywood, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943; East Fremantle, WA, 1949); mechanic (Bicton, WA, 1954-1968)
* [[/John Keith Richardson|Richardson, John Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QQ-76P] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Tas) - Licences: 4KR Barcaldine (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: overseer (&quot;Ashgrove&quot;, Gore, 1930-1932)

===''RICKABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorimer Douglas Rickaby|Rickaby, Lorimer Douglas &quot;Rick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMR4-Z8W] - 1906(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4VR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Coopers Plains, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 485, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4VL, 4AK, 4BK); military (WW2, RAN); ship wireless officer; security officer (MSS) - Relationships: father of 4RX Brian ??? Rickaby; father-in-law of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1931-1934); radio engineer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949);  meter reader (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1958-1972) 
* [[/Brian ??? Rickaby|Rickaby, Brian ???]] - Licences: 4ZAP Brisbane (Coopers Plains, 1960); 4RX Brisbane (Salisbury, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOLCP; AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; broadcast engineer (Qld State Broadcasting Office, P&amp;TD / DoC / DoTaC / ABA) - Relationships: son of 4VR Lorimer Douglas Rickaby; husband of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls:

===''RIETHMULLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Riethmuller|Riethmuller, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64Z-XCL] - 1903(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4SK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 250, 1930; 1COCP 299, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jandowae, 1936); radio technician (Wellington, NSW, 1937; Moorooka, 1943); radio operator (Darlinghurst, 1949; Wahroonga, 1963-1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1972-1980)
===''RING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Mostyn Ring|Ring, Keith Mostyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB8-YR7] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5KH Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1932-1939, 1947-1948; Marion, 1954; Eden Hills, 1955-1969); 5KH Williamstown (1975); 5KH Kapunda (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 923, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Jamestown, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Leo Ring|Ring, Thomas Leo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-D97] - 1893(Vic)-1945(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 233, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1916; Sandgate, 1921); clerical assistant (Bowen, Qld, 1925); postmaster (Texas, 1930-1937); retired (Hendra, Qld, 1943)

===''RIPPEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Adolf Heinrich Gerhard Rippen|Rippen, Adolf Heinrich Gerhard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-QSB] - 1919(WA)-1941(Off coast of Kenya) - Licences: 6GR Perth (Fremantle, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1731, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, HMAS Sydney II, Telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fremantle, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.sydneymemorial.com/registrydetails.asp?ID=478 HMAS Sydney II Memorial]; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/644953 VWMA]; [http://www.streetwisemedia.com.au/unknown-sydney-sailor-named-after-80-years/ Streetwise]

===''RIVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Ronald Rivers|Rivers, Edmund Ronald or Ronald Edmund]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJH-V2S] - 1901(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3ER Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1922-1923); 3ER Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 767, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RIX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Henry George Rix|Rix, Walter Henry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MMQX-KZQ] - 1898(Qld)-1923(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Receive Brisbane (Bulimba, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: tram conductor (Valley, Qld, 1919-1921)

===''ROBBINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Fellows Robbins|Robbins, Thomas Fellows]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-2SL] - 1918(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5DK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1935-1937; Malvern, 1938-1939); 5AQ Leigh Creek (1954-1960); 5AQ Port Augusta (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1548, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Malvern, SA, 1941-1943)

===''ROBERTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles D'Arcy Roberts|Roberts, Charles D'Arcy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-VBN] - 1909(NSW)-1943(Burma) - licences: 2JV Sydney (Greenwich, 1928-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 408, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (signalman, 8 Division Signals, 1943) - Electoral rolls: clerk (Lane Cove, 1930-1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Harry Mayland Roberts|Roberts, Harry Mayland or Mayfield (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLH-KKF] - 1912(SA)-1979(SA) - Licences: 5MY Adelaide (Alberton East, 1931; Myrtle Bank, 1938-1939; Fullarton Estate, 1947-1954; Plympton, 1955-1965; North Plympton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 763, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Myrtle Bank, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/J. C. A. Roberts|Roberts, J. C. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAAY Sydney (Parramatta, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Identification: Not yet identified, despite three given names - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Nicholas William Roberts|Roberts, Nicholas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-XKV] - 1915(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5NR Adelaide (St Peters, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1228, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, age 21yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Noel Grafton Roberts|Roberts, Noel Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRD-CCL] - 1924(Eng)-2008(Eng) - Licences: 5NR Katherine (1947) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 589, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio inspector (Tally Ho, Vic, 1967-1968; Glen Waverley, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/Richard George Crafter Roberts|Roberts, Richard George Crafter or Crofter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWFZ-Z24] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2UU Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 750, 1922; 2COCP 430, 1933; 1COCP 505, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ashfield, 1933-1936; Lovetts Bay, 1943; Chatswood, 1949-1958)
* [[/Russell Flexmore Roberts|Roberts, Russell Flexmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL4K-265] - 18??-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4PN Brisbane (West End, 1927-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 372, 1927, No. 41 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; television experimenter (4CM); broadcaster (4BC, manager) - Electoral Rolls: musical director (South Brisbane, 1919); musician (Coorparoo, 1934); manager (Yeronga, 1936-1937); alderman (Annerley, 1954)
* [[/V. Roberts|Roberts, V.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBERTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Desmond Robertson|Robertson, Brian Desmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-W63] - 1921(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 1RD Macquarie Island (1950s); 5RD Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 998, 1946 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/David Sterling Robertson|Robertson, David Sterling]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-F7H] - 1920(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Mt Lofty, 1937-1939, 1948-1965); 1ATR Canberra (Deakin, 1956; Yarralumla, 1960); 5RN Adelaide (Stirling, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1944, 1937, SA; 2COCP 346, 1940; 1COCP 405, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 5YL-1YL Denise Alison Robertson nee Haslam - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (North Sydney, 1943)
* [[/Denise Alison Robertson|Robertson nee Haslam, Denise Alison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-JWG] - 1927(NSW)-2008(SA) - Licences: 1YL Canberra (Yarralumla, 1960-1965); 5YL Adelaide (Stirling, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3552, 1956, ACT - amateur operator; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 5RN-1ATR David Sterling Robertson - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Robinson|Robinson, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1G8-ZJ2] - 1900(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Hunter's Hill, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 498/499, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical meter tester (Haberfield, 1933-1936) - 2GR callsign previously held by Joseph Sydney Marks
* [[/Arthur Robinson|Robinson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-4PP] - 1926(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ABF Sale (1948-1956); 3ABF Melbourne (Croydon, 1960); 3ABF Traralgon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2710, 1948, Vic; TVOCP 184, 1959 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Croydon, 1963); PMG TV technician (Traralgon, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles John Robinson|Robinson, Charles John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJD-DC5] - 1908(Tas)-2004(???) - Licences: 7RC Launceston (1936-1937); 7KR Launceston (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1668, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carter (Launceston, 1936-1937); cordial maker (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John William Robinson|Robinson, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7H-Q61] - 1895(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2EN Receive Sydney (Ryde, 1922-1923); 2RN Receive Sydney (Concord, 1923); 4RN Brisbane (Kedron, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur broadcaster; Honorary Radio Inspector NSW; First director 4QG - Comment: several contemporaneous JWRs - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Merthyr, Qld, 1925-1926); radio engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1928); engineer (Herston, 1936-1937)

===''ROBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Laudreux Robson|Robson, Colin Laudreux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYV-TL8] - 1916(WA)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6XI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1937-1939); 6XI Northam (1947-1948); 6XI Waterloo (1954-1960); 6XI bunbury (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 181, 1936; AOCP 2055, 1937, WA; BOCP 234, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (6AM Quarters, Northam, WA, 1949; 6TZ, Waterloo, WA, 1958-1963; Bunbury, WA, 1968-1972)

===''ROCKWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Bruce Rockwell|Rockwell, Horace Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K882-BWV] - 1887(Tas)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XQH Brisbane (Wynnum) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; WW1; WW2; a founder of Wireless Institute of Queensland 1912 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1913; Wynnum, Qld, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Enoggera, Qld, 1919; Chelmer, Qld, 1925); electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1936-1937); soldier (Middle Head, NSW, 1943); engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1949)

===''RODDA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William David Rodda|Rodda, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WK-4JB] - 1907(WA)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WR Perth (Claremont, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 435, 1928, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1191, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Claremont, 1931-1936; Nedlands, 1937; Claremont, 1943); control operator (Nedlands, 1949-1954); technician (Perth, 1958)

===''RODWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Rodwell|Rodwell, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWX8-VG7] - 1909(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Bowen Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1936-1937); grocer (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); company manager (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1968); bookseller (Aspley, Qld, 1972)

===''ROGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Stanley Rogers|Rogers, Bernard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPV-L34] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FG Adelaide (Blackwood, 1934-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1948; Glandore, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1274, 1934, SA; 1COCP 907, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Edwardstown, SA, 1939-1943)

===''ROHDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Campbell Rohde|Rohde, William Campbell &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76S-GRF] - 1907(Qld)-1991(Qld) - Licences: 4RW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 493, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (YWCA Wireless Club); comms engineer (PMGD); broadcast engineer (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Red Hill, 1934-1943; Newmarket, 1949); postal engineer (Coorparoo, 1958-1980)

===''ROLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Rolls|Rolls, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-V3F] - 1886(???)-1957(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Auburn, Vic, 1916-1919); naval officer (Camberwell, Vic, 1924-1925); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1928-1949)

===''ROSCOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Thomas Roscoe|Roscoe, Geoffrey Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QR-GJY] - 1900(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Receive Condamine (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Condamine, Qld, 1925; Macknade, Qld, 1936-1937; Boonah, Qld, 1943); retired (St Lucia, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''ROSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William (Qld) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-JJM] - 1911(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4RR Brisbane (1925); 4RQ Longreach (1930-1939, 1946-1948); 2AQR Wallsend (1956-1961); 2AQR Avoca (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 576, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; chemist - Comment: Another Robert William Rose b1923 BOCP 993 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowong, 1925); chemist (Longreach, 1936-1949; West Wallsend, 1958-1963; Avoca Beach, 1968)
* [[/Robert William (Vic) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Vic)]] - 1923(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 993, 1948; 3AIR 1790, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROSENSKJAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rosenskjar|Rosenskjar, F.]] - 19??-19?? - 4?? Brisbane (Fairfield) (Operator 4BI), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''ROSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander David Ross|Ross, Alexander David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68V-KFR] - 1883(Sct)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Professor of Mathematics &amp; Physics, University of Perth) - Electoral Rolls: university professor (Perth Club, 1916; West Perth, 1925-1954); retired (Albany, WA, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-alexander-david-8270 ADB]; [[w:Alexander_David_Ross|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.news.uwa.edu.au/archive/201206204747/features/setting-standards-excellence/ UWA]
* [[/John Francis Ross|Ross, John Francis &quot;Jack&quot;]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer (PMGD); journalist (editor, The Broadcaster); historian (broadcasting, Amateur Radio, radiocommunications); author (&quot;History of Radio in South Australia&quot;; &quot;Radio Broadcast Technology&quot;) - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROUTLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Angus Routledge|Routledge, Robert Angus &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX2-BDP] - 1913(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5RA Adelaide (Richmond, 1930-1931; Henley Beach, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 679, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Henley, 1939); radio technician (Henley, 1941); physics technician (Glenelg, 1943)

===''ROWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. L. Rowe|Rowe, R. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2LR Sydney (Milsons Point, 1928; McMahons Point, 1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 267, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ROWLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert George Rowland|Rowland, Robert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH14-G2J] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Ballarat (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 657, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Grovedale, 1924); storekeeper (Majorca, 1925-1927; Ballarat, 1931); radio dealer (Ballarat, 1936-1980) - Don't Confuse: 3ZGG/3AFS Robert George Rowlands

===''ROWLATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Rowlatt|Rowlatt, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCMJ-HZT] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1915-1921); engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1925-1937); mechanical engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1943-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''ROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Roy|Roy, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 577, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator?; amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Individual not yet identified (115 Skene St, Warrnambool, Vic - 1930)
===''ROYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Arthur Kirkcaldy Royle|Royle, William Arthur Kirkcaldy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ13-BBQ] - 1909(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2WA Sydney (Edgecliff, 1927-1928); 2AWK Sydney (Darling Point, 1946-1950; Sandringham, 1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 318, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: underwriter (Edgecliff, 1936-1954); agent (Sandringham, 1958)

===''RUBAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Peter Ruban|Ruban, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-DMS] - 1925(???)-2015(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Footscray North, 1963-1968); technician (Maidstone, Vic, 1972-1980)
===''RUMBOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Rumbold|Rumbold, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VKD-BSQ] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Bendigo (1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 349, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Bendigo, 1928); insurance agent (Kyneton, 1931; Shepparton, 1931; Bendigo, 1936-1937); assistant superintendent (Bendigo, 1942-1954); cabinet maker (Bendigo, 1963-1972)
===''RUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Ruse|Ruse, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZMB-QWY] - 1891(Vic)-1987(WA)95yo - Licences: 6WK Perth (Perth City, 1930-1931; Osborne Park, 1933-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 627, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Osborne Park, 1916-1972); retired (Bunbury, 1977-1980)

===''RYAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Ryan|Ryan, Albert John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWH-V6X] - 1897(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 2LE Canberra (Kingston, 1930-1933); 2YN Canberra (Kingston, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: CPRT 489, 1919; AOLCP 80, 1932; no record of AOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; broadcast engineer; PMGD (junior mechanic NSW, 1917; clerk, 1919); founder of 2CA Canberra commercial - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AJR's
* [[/George Edward Ryan|Ryan, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-RCC] - 1910(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Dutton Park, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1633, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; telephone mechanic (PMGD) - Comment: several contemporaneous GERs - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943-1954); PMG Instructor (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); instructor (Taringa, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''RYMILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Campbell Rymill|Rymill, Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXVS-CTB] - 1907(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Riddoch Rymill|Rymill, Robert Riddoch]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5N-YC9] - 1904(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: V753 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GX Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ethnologist (South Yarra, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/535352 WW2]

=='''S'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''SAAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Saar|Saar, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ52-N3K] - 1889(???)-1956(WA) - Licences: 6CZ Receive Perth (West Perth, 1923); 6CZ Northam (1923-1925); 6KM Eucla (1926-1927); 6KM Geraldton (1933); 6KM Perth (Maylands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 264, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph lineman (North Perth, WA, 1915); postal electrician (Northam, WA, 1917); mechanic (Bunbury, WA, 1916-1917; Balkatta, WA, 1922; Eucla, WA, 1925-1926; North Perth, WA, 1928; Maylands, WA, 1931); postal electrician (Maylands, WA, 1936-1954)

===''SAGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Noel Sagar|Sagar, Eric Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-4J9] - 1896(SA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 5CM Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); 5CM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1924-1926); 4ES Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Halcyon: Not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: manager (Greenslopes, Qld, 1932); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949); orchardist (Kincumber, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''SAINSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Henry Sainsbury|Sainsbury, Rupert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L28X-5H3] - 1896(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1924-1936); 4YJ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1946-1954; Epping, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 54, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930); traveller (Hendra, 1936-1937); soldier (Norman Park, 1943); executive (Concord West, 1949-1954); commercial traveller (Epping, 1958-1968)
===''SAINTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Melville Sainty|Sainty, Clifford Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ61-1GZ] - 1907(NSW)-1987(SA) - 2MS Warrawee (1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 88, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, likely related to XAH S. J. Sainty

===''SALAMY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Salamy|Salamy, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZHH-VWR] - 1904(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AJ Receive Warrnambool (1922-1923); 3AJ Warrnambool (1924-1933); 3PS Warrnambool (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 35, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Warrnambool, 1924-1977)

===''SAMPHIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Luke Samphier|Samphier, Richard Luke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58L-DPC] - 1914(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6YZ Perth (City, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1938-1939; Carlisle, 1947-1955; Mt Lawley, 1956-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1717, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: blind school worker (North Perth, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1943); Blind School employee (Carlisle, WA, 1949-1954; Mt Lawley, WA, 1958)

===''SANDEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Sandel|Sandel, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4J-54J] - 1905(Qld)-1999(NSW) - 2UW Sydney (Manly, 1923; Kensington, 1923-1924; Northbridge, 1924-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1926-1927); 2HH Sydney (Woollahra, 1936-1939, 1946-1969; Bondi, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 270, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; founder B class 2UW Sydney &amp; 2UX Wagga Wagga - don't confuse Charles Albert Sandell of AAE fame - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Woolahra, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1933; Edgecliff, 1936-1937; Bondi Junction, 1943-1954; Bondi Beach, 1958-1980)

===''SANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Albert Sandell|Sandell, Charles Albert]] - 1886(Eng)-1980(WA) - early wireless experimenter, Sydney, 1911, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in ???), participant in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, amateur broadcaster, military (WW1), don't confuse Otto Sandel of 2UW fame
===''SANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Sander|Sander, John Henry &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K6WF-H23] - 1906(WA)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MS Geraldton (1935-1937); 6MS Perth (Cannington, 1938-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1435, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wheelwright (Geraldton, WA, 1930); electrician (Geraldton, WA, 1931-1937); telephone mechanic (South Perth, WA, 1937; Cannington, WA, 1943-1954)

===''SANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas George Sanderson|Sanderson, Douglas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WZJ-2K3] - 1924(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast engineer (PMGD); historian (broadcast); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Torwood, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Ashgrove, Qld, 1958-1968); engineer (Chermside, Qld, 1972; Windsor, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SANDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Keith Sandham|Sandham, James Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''SAUNDERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lewis Saunders|Saunders, Alfred Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-FMS] - 1909(SA)-2003(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923-1924); 5BX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1925-1939, 1946-1955; Plympton, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 223, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Glenelg, 1939-1943)

===''SAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Saw|Saw, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S9-JN3] - 1884(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6DA Perth (Armadale, 1923-1926; Victoria Park, 1927); 6DA Albany (1930-1931); 6DA Perth (Wanneroo, 1933; North Perth, 1937-1939); 6DA Northam (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 174, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storekeeper (Armadale, 1909); electrician (Beverley, 1916-1917; Armadale, 1921-1925; Albany, 1928-1931; Balkatta, 1936; Leederville, 1937; Kalgoorlie, 1937-1943); mechanic (North Perth, 1949); retired (Triggs Island, 1954)
* [[/Malcolm Henry Saw|Saw, Malcolm Henry ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVCY-H9M] - 1921(WA)-1997(WA) - 6SM Perth (Doubleview, 1960-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 3674, 1958, No. ?? in WA), WW2, engineer (Doubleview, 1972)
===''SAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Sawford|Sawford, Leonard Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LF7J-2XK] - 1908(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5DH Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); 5LF Adelaide (Peterhead, 1925-1928; West Croydon, 1931; Largs, 1937-1939); 5YF Adelaide (Glen Osmond, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 173, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; agent (Largs, 1939) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Largs, SA, 1939-1941)

===''SCANLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Scanlon|Scanlon, William Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKG-3XR] - 1901(Tas)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1921-1923); 7AL Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (Medhursts, Hobart to 1924, Launceston from 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harley Irwin Schell|Schell, Harley Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-PV8] - 1907(Tas)-1996(Tas) - Licences: 7AW Receive West Burnie (1922); Receive West Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kelso, 1936-1972)
===''SCHLEICHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Schleicher|Schleicher, Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D4-5RS] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - 4KS Brisbane (Toowong, 1938-1939, 1946-1947; Alderley, -1950+; Aspley, McDowall, -1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2144, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), radio employee (Tracksons, manager service), business proprietor (Blue &amp; White Cabs comms)
===''SCHMIDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Frederick Schmidt|Schmidt, Ronald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88P-1B9] - 1913(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LY Trafalgar (1930); 3LY Moe (1931); 3LY Sale (1933-1939, 1946-1948); 3LY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 567, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 69, 1932; 1COCP 72, 1936; TVOCP 75, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sale, 1934-1937); radio technician (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Camberwell, 1954-1980)
===''SCHNITZERLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Joseph Schnitzerling|Schnitzerling, Leonard Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G885-W43] - 1907(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Warwick (1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2099, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, 1928-1968)

===''SCHOFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Schofield|Schofield, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-69N] - 1874(Eng)-1971(WA)97yo - Licences: 6WS Perth (Peppermint Grove, 1935-1939, 1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1463, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1919); broker (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1922-1968)

===''SCHOLZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hans Scholz|Scholz, Hans &quot;Harold&quot; / &quot;Harry&quot; / &quot;Tibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-CV3] - 19??(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1931); 4HR Nambour (1933); 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937); 4HR Gladstone (1937-1939); 4HR Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 784, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ; South Brisbane RC; Brisbane DX Club); broadcast technician (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); mechanic (Dalby, 1943); not stated (Morningside, 1949-1968)

===''SCHULTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Nelson Schultz|Schultz, Leonard Nelson &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJY-QBF] - 1906(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1922); 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1923-1930); 2ANM Sydney (Mosman, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 171, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 45, 1931; 3AIR 176, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (co-designed 2GB, 1926; involved 2CA, 4BH, 2MW, 5DN); professional associations (IRE: foundation member, vice-president, president); aviator (Royal Aero Club NSW, committee) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting engineer (Mosman, 1935-1937); engineer (Mosman, 1949-1977)
===''SCHULTZE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Ludwig Schultze|Schultze, John Edwin Ludwig]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTB-9FL] - 1906(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3QO Receive Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1923-1924), 3JS Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1925-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 163, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, motor mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934)

===''SCOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil John Scott|Scott, Alfred Cecil John &quot;Cecil&quot;, &quot;Cec&quot;, &quot;Scottie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M12J-9YK] - 1888(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Launceston (1923); 7CS Launceston (1925-1931); 7CS Hobart (Lindisfarne, 1933; Sandy Bay, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 56, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well-known for comic QSL cards - Electoral Rolls: bench clerk (Nelson, 1936; Hobart South, 1943-1954)
* [[/Ernest Kilburn Scott|Scott, Ernest Kilburn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBDW-TBR] - 1868(Eng)-1941(Eng) - Came to Sydney in 1905 to organise electrical engineering department of University of Sydney, likely early wireless experimenter, promoted need for wireless telegraphy for Australia, returned to England ca 1910 - [https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Ernest_Kilburn_Scott Graces Guide - Ernest Kilburn Scott]
* [[/Francis Ladner Scott|Scott, Francis Ladner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHK-DTF] - 1899(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4BO Thursday Island (1933); 2UH Sydney (Randwick, 1934-1936; Naremburn, 1937-1938; La Perouse, 1939 - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 419, 1918; 2COCP 360, 1931; 1COCP 33, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal wireless operator; military (UK Merchant Navy post WW1) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1925); radio telegraphist (Pinkenba, Qld, 1929; Thursday Island, Qld, 1931; Randwick, NSW, 1935; Waverton, NSW, 1943; Wyndham, WA, 1943; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)
* [[/George Archibald Scott|Scott, George Archibald &quot;Scotty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G682-TGN] - 1882(Eng)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 607, 1921; 1COCP 181, 1931 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); PMGD (radio inspector, WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as radio inspector, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, 1913-1914; Hendra, 1915-1917); radio inspector (Fremantle, 1925-1937) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84253651 Bio]
* [[/Herbert Godfrey Scott|Scott, Herbert Godfrey &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-JFJ] - 1902(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4HS Toowoomba (1931-1937); 4HS Brisbane (Albion, 1938-1939; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 750, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1925-1936; Albion, 1943-1968)
* [[/Jack Bartlett Scott|Scott, Jack Bartlett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-FLR] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NR Sydney (Epping, 1930-1934); 2AJX Sydney (Cheltenham, 1938-1939; Epping, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 685, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Epping, 1933-1935); engineer (Epping, 1949; Wahroonga, 1954-1968); retired (Carlingford, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Ochiltree Scott|Scott, Robert Ochiltree]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-5SX] - 1898(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 2RS Gundagai (1929-1931); 2RS Balranald (1933); 3OS Scotsburn (1937-1939); 3OS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 476, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Ballarat, 1920-1924); farmer (Murrayville, 1925-1927; Gundagai, 1930); mechanic (South Yarra, 1943; Melbourne, 1949)
* [[/Robert Townley Scott|Scott, Robert Townley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7YC-MBK] - 1841(Eng)-1922(Qld) - senior state public servant (secretary, Qld Post &amp; Telegraph Dept), senior federal public servant (secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
* [[/W. F. Scott|Scott, W. F.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane (West End) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 334, 1927, No. 37 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: likely father of H. S. Scott who was reported youngest ever to pass AOCP at age 16 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter Henry Scott|Scott, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76Z-11G] - 1904(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923); 5HS Clare (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1888, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clare, SA, 1939); telephone mechanic (Glenelg, SA, 1941-1943)

===''SEBIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Dudley Sebire|Sebire, Leon Dudley &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-QX5] - 1932(Vic)-2006(Vic) - Licences: 3CF Melbourne (Wandin North, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: 2COCP 1319, 1955; 1COCP 1786, 1955 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, director Telstra Broadcasting Branch - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Wandin Yallock, 1954); engineer (Mordialloc, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of 3MX Percival John Sebire - Awards: Member Order of Australia &quot;For service to communications, particularly broadcasting&quot; (1991)
* [[/Percival John Sebire|Sebire, Percival John &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFD-Z2R] - 1904(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3MX Melbourne (Moorabbin, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 692, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1926; Bentleigh, 1928-1936; Cheltenham, 1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1980) - Relationships: father of 3CF Leon Dudley Sebire
===''SEBLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Sebley|Sebley, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-7VL] - 1894(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4WS Ipswich (1931-1939, 1946-1948); Southport (1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 736, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Ipswich, 1915; North Ipswich, 1919-1949; Southport, 1954-1968);

===''SECCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Mervyn Seccombe|Seccombe, Louis Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PW-XWM] - 1895(Tas)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 3KT Receive Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1922-1923); 3KT Melbourne (East Kew, 1924; Ascot Vale, 1924-1925; Hawksburn, 1926; East Malvern, 1927); 2KT Sydney (Rockdale, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 396, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1919); commercial traveller (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1924); radio engineer (Rockdale, NSW, 1930-1937); wireless operator (Longreach, Qld, 1943); communications officer (Hurstville, 1949-1963); - Comment: Surname sometimes misspelled Secombe

===''SELBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Selby|Selby, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCTW-BMT] - 1858(Vic)-1949(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter
===''SELF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Self|Self, Thomas Edward]] - 1854(???)-19??(???) - b. 7 Jan 1854, Early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, demonstration before Royal Society 1898, beware another Thomas Edward Self (b. 9 Oct 1853) in Hobart at the same time
===''SELFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Giles Turner Selfe|Selfe, Harry Giles Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K24M-5XB] - 1894(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 157, 1915; 1COCP 51, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2; RANVR (commissioned telegraphist, 1942) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Geraldton, WA, 1918; Broome, WA, 1922; Leichhardt, NSW, 1933; Darling Harbour, NSW, 1934-1937)
===''SELLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Sellenger|Sellenger, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VT-5GJ] - 1902(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2DC Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 700, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hurstville, 1930-1963)
===''SELLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Sellick|Sellick, Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''SELMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold George Selman|Selman, Harold George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRM4-3S8] - 1907(Vic)-1985(Vic) - 3GN Geelong (1925), 3GN Chilwell (1926), 3GN Geelong (1927), 3GN Melbourne (West Coburg, 1931), 3GN Geelong (1933), 3CM Geelong (1948-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 164, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio dealer (Geelong, 1954)

===''SEMMENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Segbert Cornwall Semmens|Semmens, George Segbert Cornwall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G744-HQ5] - 1901(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XJCY Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1913-1914); V756 Receive (1922); 3GZ Receive Buln Buln East (1922); 3GS Laver's Hill (1925-1926); 3GS Queenstown (1927); 3GS Moreland (1931); 3GS Foxhow (1933); Melbourne (Essendon (1937-1939); Glen Iris (1946-1960); Clematis, 1965-1975); 3AEN Melbourne (Clematis, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 216, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Coburg, 1928; Preston, 1931; Essendon, 1936); res. chemist (Glen Iris, 1943-1963); technical adviser (Clematis, 1968-1977)

===''SERLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Serle|Serle, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-SC8] - 1910(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1933; Toorak, 1938-1939; Elwood, 1946-1947); 3ARX Melbourne (Windsor, 1948-1956; Caulfield, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 443, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931-1934; Kew, 1936; Toorak, 1937; St Kilda, 1942; Prahran, 1949; Caulfield South, 1963-1972)

===''SEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Lambert Holt Sewell|Sewell, Percy Lambert Holt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDM1-YB1] - 1900(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Receive Sydney (Paddington, 1922); 2CJ Sydney (Paddington, 1922-1925; Darlinghurst, 1925-1926) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fire Station, Mittagong, 1930-1935; Mittagong, 1936-1937; Kempsey, 1943); installation inspector (Queanbeyan, 1949)

===''SEYLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Jakob Seyler|Seyler, Albert Jakob or Jacob]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-F5N] - 1913(Ger)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - WW2 (Luftwaffe); radar engineer; television researcher; PMGD Research Laboratories (Assistant Director General) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mt Waverley, 1963; Burwood, 1968); PMG (Croydon, 1972); assistant director (Emerald, 1977) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/seyler-albert-jakob-11660 ADB]

===''SHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Henry Shannon|Shannon, Francis Henry &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1991(Qld) - 4SN Allora (1938-1939), Tamborine (1946-1947), Minden (1948-1956), Ipswich (1960-191975), Toowoomba (1980+),  amateur operator (AOCP 2145, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster , radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, WIA, Qld Listeners' League), journalist (AR, VK4 Notes), occupation (school teacher)

===''SHARLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Henry Sharland|Sharland, Arthur Henry &quot;Chilla&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-ZKS] - 1909(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4SD Brisbane (Boondall, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Ekibin, 1954); 4SD Cloncurry (1955); 4SD Brisbane (Wynnum North, 1956); 4SD Rockhampton (1960); 4SD Yeppoon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1807, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless operator); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Boondall, Qld, 1937-1943); Commonwealth officer (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954); communications officer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1958-1963; Yeppoon, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (Causeway via Yeppoon, Qld, 1980)

===''SHARP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John James Charles Sharp|Sharp, John James Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-TZV] - 1897(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3KA Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 591, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Prahran Gardens, 1919-1924; Caulfield, 1928-1972)
===''SHARPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Victor Sharpe|Sharpe, Frank Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMD2-GVZ] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4AZ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1924-1929; Ashgrove, 1930-1937; Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 4ZFS Brisbane (Clayfield, 1975); 4FV Brisbane (Clayfield, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 20, 1924, No. 4 in Qld; AOCP Q112, 1975 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (RSQ, WIAQ); military (AMF) - Awards: C.M.G.; O.B.E. - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Wooloowin, 1925-1929); director (Ashgrove, 1934-1937); soldier (Ashgrove, 1943); machinist (likely typo for merchant) (Clayfield, 1949); merchant (Clayfield, 1954-1980)

===''SHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Shaw|Shaw, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-ZDZ] - 1872(NSW)-1916(Vic) - XPO King Island (1911); X?? Sydney (Randwick), early wireless experimenter, proprietor Maritime Wireless Telegraph Co of Australasia (1910+) with Edward Hope Kirkby, technical specialist - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/shaw-archibald-john-8404 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199003.pdf EA]
* [[/J. G. Shaw|Shaw, J. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Chelmer, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Raymond Herbert Preston Shaw|Shaw, Raymond Herbert Preston]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3J-J31] - 1901(Eng)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 2LY Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1922-1923); 2LY Sydney (Woolahra, 1924-1929; South Kensington, 1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 664, 1921 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kensington, 1930-1931; Vaucluse, 1932-1980)

===''SHAWSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Alan &quot;Smithy&quot; or Alan Shaw Smith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37T-B3Y] - 1917(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4SA Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1935-1939); 4SS Brisbane (West End, -1952-2010) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1582, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; historian (amateur); journalist; broadcast engineer (ABC2); public servant (ABC2) - Relationships: Father of 4JSS Steven Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Salisbury, Qld, 1943); radio mechanic (West End, Qld, 1949); builder (West End, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Steven Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Steven &quot;Steve&quot;]] - Licences: 4JSS Brisbane - Qualifications:  (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld) - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4SA-4SS Alan Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls:

===''SHEARER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Anderson Shearer|Shearer, Gordon Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5G-JW4] - 1907(Qld)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 4FU Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923-1924); 4GA Gayndah (1930); 4GA Mt Nebo (1931-1934); 4GA Cloncurry (Quamby, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 447, 1928, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 95, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (school teacher); state public servant (Qld Dept Education); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Quamby, Qld, 1937; Westbrook, Qld, 1943); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1949); communications officer (Cloncurry, 1954); supervisor (Surrey Hills, 1963-1968); retired (Vermont, 1972-1980)
===''SHEARSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Leonard Shearstone|Shearstone, Vincent Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G895-CYJ] - 1916(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: BOCP 4, 1936 - WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Albury, 1937); radio announcer (Goulburn, 1943); radio electrician (Goulburn, 1949-1980)
===''SHELDRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Cornwell Sheldrick|Sheldrick, Eric Cornwell &quot;Shel&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-X2X] - 1903(Eng)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7BH Receive Launceston (1923); 7BH Launceston (1924-1926); 7BT Launceston (1927); 7BM Launceston (1931-1939); 7DM Burnie (1948-1954); 7DN Stowport (1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 60, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Launceston, 1928-1943)
===''SHENTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Hilton Shenton|Shenton, Maurice Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67C-Q1B] - 1903(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Receive Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: irrigation ganger (Bald Hills, 1925); assistant stream gauger (North Ipswich, 1928); public servant (Annerley, 1937)
===''SHEPARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arundel Elmore Shepard|Shepard, Arundel Elmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8HX] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5DC Adelaide (Norwood, 1928-1930; Kent Town, 1931-1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Toorak East, 1946-1965; Heathpool, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 393, 1928, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 136, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHEPHERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. A. Shepherd|Shepherd, H. A.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQD Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHERRIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Sherriff|Sherriff, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K877-WTX] - 1904(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4SU Brisbane (Fairfield, 1935-1937; Hawthorne, 1938-1939; Brisbane City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1464, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brisbane South, Qld, 1928); instructor of printing (Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''SHIELDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Edward Shields|Shields, Arthur James Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBCT-D5G] - 1894(Eng)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3GP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1939; North Balwyn, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 690, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (East Melbourne, 1925-1927; Malvern East, 1928; Camberwell, 1931-1933); auditor (Malvern East, 1934-1936); retired (Ringwood, 1943)

===''SHOEMAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Shoemaker|Shoemaker, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G828-7LL] - 1879(USA)-1932(USA) - American inventor and pioneer radio engineer, developer of Shoemaker wireless system, associated with Gehring companies, International Telegraph Construction Co (represented in Australia by John William Ormsby Hamilton, who promoted the Shoemaker system here), United Wireless Telegraph Co, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co of America, Mallory companies - Links: [[w:Harry Shoemaker|Wikipedia]]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0026.pdf PIRE1]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0027.pdf PIRE2]
===''SHORING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Samuel Shoring|Shoring, Thomas Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-NDG] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4SR Bundaberg (1937-1939; 4SR Brisbane (New Farm, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1872, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Bundaberg, Qld, 1936-1937); salesman (Bundaberg, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (New Farm, Qld, 1954; Holland Park, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''SHORT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Alban Short|Short, Alfred Alban]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTS-9QQ] - 1904(NSW)-1946(NT) - Licences: 2SH Newcastle (Lambton, 1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 280, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Lambton, 1930-1943)
* [[/Ormond Short|Short, Ormond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VHH-SGM] - 1901(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3SK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1928; Horsham, 1931-1972); engineer (Horsham, 1977)
* [[/Walter Short|Short, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AJ Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922); 2AJ Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924; Kirribilli, 1924; Manly, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Note: several contemporaneous WSs, insufficient data to identify
* [[/William Newton Short|Short, William Newton &quot;Newt&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G97J-HMM] - 1897(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2ARA Sydney (Auburn, 1948-1954; Beacon Hill, 1955-1958; Auburn, 1960-1961; Beacon Hill, 1965); 2AOW Sydney (Auburn, 1957-1958) - Qualifications: AOCP 2829, 1948, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Ulmarra, 1930-1934); shopkeeper (Coraki, 1935-1936); munition worker (Mayfield, 1943); machinist (Auburn, 1949-1958); inspector (Beacon Hill, 1963)

===''SHORTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Charles Shortell|Shortell, Raymond Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYMQ-4HQ] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Qld) - 3VB Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3RS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1933), 3RS Shepparton (1937-1939), 3ARF Geelong West (1948-1954), 3ARF Melbourne (Croydon, 1955-1960; Hawthorn, 1965-1975), 4ARS Gold Coast (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 77, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''SHORTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eddy Wilbee Shorten|Shorten, Eddy Wilbee or Welbee or Wiebec &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWN4-MZM] - 1899(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4TS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 908, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor) - Comment: Middle name variable; Birth Welbee; Marriage Wiebec; Death Wilbe; AOCP Wilbee - Electoral Rolls:
===''SHORTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Shortt|Shortt, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4HF Camooweal (1933-1939); 5SR Tennant Creek (1947-1948); 5SR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1954; New Hindmarsh, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1193, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SIBLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC5R-MH6] - 1897(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: XYX Perth (North Perth, 1913-1914); 6AF Receive Perth (City, 1923); 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1923-1924; Inglewood, 1924); 2SB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly; brother of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: insurance clerk (North Perth, 1919-1922); manager (Albion, Qld, 1936; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1937; Rose Bay, NSW, 1943-1958); retired (Rose Bay, 1963-1972)
* [[/Clifton Archibald Sibly|Sibly, Clifton Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K41R-3JQ] - 1894(SA)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 225, 1915 - likely early wireless experimenter with brother Arthur's licence - Relationships: brother of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; uncle of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly - Electoral Rolls: farrier (North Perth, 1915-1937)
* [[/Sydney Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Sydney Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKF-F7R] - 1926(NSW)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 2ASY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1954; Kingsgrove, 1957-1965); 3AUV Melbourne (Eltham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 945, 1945; BOCP 1049, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; nephew of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: communications officer (Kingsgrove, 1958-1963); clerk (Eltham, Vic, 1968-1977; Queanbeyan, 1980)

===''SIDEBOTTOM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Geoffrey Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-KGH] - 1902(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: 7BB Receive Launceston (1922); Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of 7SK Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1928-1954) 
* [[/Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Maxwell Douglas Langford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-5QY] - 1922(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7SK Hobart (Newtown, 1948); 7SK Howrah (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2830, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; WW2 - Relationships: son of 7BB Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: sound engineer (New Town, 1949); mechanic (Bateau Bay, NSW, 1980)
===''SIDEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Longfield Sidey|Sidey, Robert Longfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-3P6] - 1874(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Lindfield, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2CB James Douglas Kay Sidey - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Lindfield, 1930-1949)
* [[/James Douglas Kay Sidey|Sidey, James Douglas Kay or Douglas James Kay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-35P] - 1904(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Receive Sydney (Lindfield, 1922-1923); 2CB Sydney (Lindfield, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2ZY Robert Longfield Sidey - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Bethungra, 1943-1949); no occupation (Junee, 1954)

===''SIEVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest William Sievers|Sievers, Ernest William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNJD-8MJ] - 1901(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1165, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 9, 1934; 1COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Kelvin Grove, 1925); night officer (Oakey, 1930); railway night officer (Narangba, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Ascot, 1943; Clayfield, 1949-1958)
* [[/William Frederick Sievers|Sievers, William Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-NDS] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3CB Receive Melbourne (East Richmond, 1922-1923); 3CB Melbourne (East Richmond &amp; South Yarra, 1924-1939, 1946-1960; Toorak, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 165, 1925, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Richmond, 1931-1943); reader (South Yarra, 1949-1963); meter reader (Toorak, 1972-1980)

===''SIGAL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Louis Sigal|Sigal, Harold Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ4R-XFJ] - 1908(SA)-1939(NSW) - Licences: 2UK Sydney (Woollahra, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 253, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Woollahra, 1930); engineer (Melbourne East, 1931); electrician (Auburn North, 1933; Centennial Park, 1934; Bondi, 1936-1937; West Perth, 1943; Woolowin, 1949; Bellevue Hill, 1954; Kensington, 1958); manager (Bondi, 1963); salesman (Bondi, 1968); retired (Vaulcuse, 1977-1980)
===''SIGMONT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Sigmont|Sigmont, Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD58-221] - 1883(NSW)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 3AH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Auburn, Vic, 1917; Elsternwick, 1924-1937; Seaford, 1942);

===''SILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Clive Silby|Silby, Arthur Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8B6-PSD] - 1894(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Australian Wireless Squadron) [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911865/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-embarkation-roll/] - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Exeter, 1939-1943)

===''SILVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Leslie Silver|Silver, Frank Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94HC-LTV] - 1904(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4FL Brisbane (Morningside, 1938-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2086, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Morningside, Qld, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Simmonds|Simmonds, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DL-234] - 1906(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2GS Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1934); 2GS Murwillumbah (1935-1939); 4PG Bundaberg (1946-1948); 2APJ Sydney (Cronulla, 1954-1955; Caringbah, 1956-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 590, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 207, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Arncliffe, 1933); gardner (Arncliffe, 1935); radio engineer (Murwillumbah, 1935-1937); technician (4BU Kalkie, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ernest John Simmonds|Simmonds, Ernest John]] - 19??(Eng)-19??(Eng) - G2OD Gerrard's Cross, Buckinghamshire, England, amateur operator, first to two way QSO Australia (Nov 1924, 3BQ)

===''SIMMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Trethowan Simmons|Simmons, Henry Trethowan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4M3-BP4] - 1905(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6KX Perth (Subiaco, 1925-1928; Mt Lawley, 1931-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; West Perth, 1954-1955; Mt Pleasant, 1956-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 181, 1925, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1121, 1928; 2COCP 295, 1930; 1COCP 257, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maylands, 1931), radio engineer (Nedlands, 1936; West Perth, 1949), engineer (Fremantle, 1958; Mt Pleasant, 1963-1980)
* [[/Leonard Joseph Simmons|Simmons, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBM-SKH] - 1907(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3LJ Melbourne (Belgrave, 1926-1931; East Prahran, 1933); 3LJ Rheola (1937-1939); 3LV Trafalgar (1948); 3LV Cheltenham (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 304, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Womerah, Yarram Yarram, 1928; Toolangi, Yea, 1931; Armadale, 1934-1936; Rheola, Bendigo, 1936-1937; Nanneela West, Bendigo, 1942; Cheltenham, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Wilkinson Simms|Simms, Eric Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XZ-9RN] - 1906(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Malvern, 1927-1931; Caulfield, 1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 360, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Malvern, 1931); buyer (Caulfield, 1934; Hawthorn, 1936-1937); manager (Malvern East, 1949-1980)
===''SIMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Robert Simpson|Simpson, Leslie Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-4VD] - 1901(WA)-1966(Vic) - 3SA Ararat (1925-1933), 3SA Melbourne (Windsor, 1947-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 44, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draper, salesman
* [[/Harry Blythe Simpson|Simpson, Harry Blythe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-CZ3] - 1920(???)-2013(WA) - Licences: 6HS Perth (Leederville, 1937-1939; Mt Lawley, 1947-1948; Nedlands, 1954-1969; Lesmurdie, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2060, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Claremont, WA, 1949-1968); marketing manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1972); manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1977-1980)

===''SIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Sims|Sims, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MK-NXC] - 1907(WA)-1992(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 344, 1927, No. 38 in Qld; 2COCP 16, 1934 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (RAAF Point Cook, 1931-1934); QANTAS air pilot (Brisbane, 1936-1937); public servant (Box Hill, 1963) - Comment: several contemporaneous Eric Charles Sims, need to sort electoral rolls
* [[/Ernest Leslie Arthur Sims|Sims, Ernest Leslie Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ6H-6PF] - 1905(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (Preston, 1930-1933); 3ZA Apollo Bay (1937-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 622, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Preston, 1931; Apollo Bay, 1933-1937; Preston, 1942; Apollo Bay, 1949-1954)

===''SINGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Paul Singleton|Singleton, Claude Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4JR-4SV] - 1914(WA)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4UX Theodore (1936-1939); 4UX Bundaberg (1946-1947); 4UX Stanthorpe (1948); 4UX Atherton (1954-1955); 4UX Malanda (1956); 4UX Ayr (1960); 4UX Childers (1965); 4UX St George (1969); 4UX Gracemere (1975); 4UX Dalby (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1638, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4QW, 4QO, 4QW, 4RK, 4QS); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Theodore, Qld, 1936-1937); radio mechanic (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Yungaburra, Qld, 1954); public servant (Gracemere, Qld, 1972)

===''SIRL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Charles Sirl|Sirl, Clarence William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89J-9LJ] - 1913(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6XG Katanning (1938-1939; 1947-1969) - Qualifications: BOCP 3, 1936; AOCP 2132, 1938, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Katanning, 1937-1968)

===''SLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Irwin Slade|Slade, Charles Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDN1-G28] - 1921(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3PZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1938-1939, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2172, 1938, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1954); medical practitioner (St Kilda, 1967-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Charles William Slade|Slade, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH3R-28W] - 1893(Eng)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2SX Sydney (Croydon, 1925-1939, 1946-1961 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; English PMG Certificate 1st class - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAN, 1909-1924); Wireless Weekly (technical editor, 1925-1928); Daily Telegraph (radio &amp; technical editor, 1928-1929); Keogh Radio (engineer, 1929-1930); Croydon Radio (proprietor, 1930-1933+) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer, R.A.N. (Croydon, 1943-1958)
===''SLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. F. Slater|Slater, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Sheffield (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harold Ivan Slater|Slater, Harold Ivan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDT3-7JP] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Kelso (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: pastoralist (Kelso, Tas, 1919); labourer (Maypole Hotel, New Town, Tas); no occupation (Middle Park, Vic, 1926); airman (Point Cook, Vic, 1927; Middle Park, 1931); traveller (Elsternwick, 1936-1968)
===''SLATTERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-KHF] - 1866(Irl)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St John's College, Camperdown; St Vincent's, Ashfield, 1930) - Links: [[w:Joseph Patrick Slattery|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/slattery-joseph-patrick-8453 ADB]
* [[/Joseph Samuel Francis Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Samuel Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVN-SSF] - 1894(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 50, 1915; CPRT 167, 1915; 2COCP 324, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1916; Esperance, WA, 1916; RAN radio station, Geraldton, 1917); travelling salesman (Stanthorpe, 1928-1930); traveller (Tamworth, 1932-1933; Woollahra, NSW, 1933-1935); commercial traveller (New Farm, 1936; Hamilton, Qld, 1937; Fairfield, Qld, 1949; West Sydney, 1949-1954); radio officer (Mascot, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''SMART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Smart|Smart, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHD-TNH] - 1891(NZ)-1980(NZ) - Licences: 4SM Barcaldine (1936-1937); 4SM Paterson (1938-1939); 4SM Longreach (1946-1948); 4SM Cairns (Cairns City, 1954-1956; Freshwater, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1625, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boiler attendant (Dunevia Station, Blackhall, Qld, 1913); motor engineer (Aramac, Qld, 1916-1925; Barcaldine, 1928-1937); freeholder (Longreach, Qld, 1943); mechanic (Longreach, Qld, 1949); farmer (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (Freshwater, Qld, 1963-1972; Cairns, Qld, 1977)

===''SMELLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ellis Henry Smellie|Smellie, Ellis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-FDM] - 1893(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 218, 1930; 1COCP 240, 1931 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Applecross, 1925; Geraldton, 1931; Broome, 1936); telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949); radio officer (Caulfield, Vic, 1954; Blackburn, 1963-1980)

===''SMIBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, George]] - 1840(Sct)-1899(Vic) - clubs (founding member Telegraph Electrical Society Vic), employment (Postal Department Vic, chief electrician), brother of James Smibert Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, James]] - 1836(Sct)-1912(Vic) - employment (Postal Department Vic, Deputy Postmaster-General, appointed following early passing of Samuel Walker McGowan), created a nepotism scandal by early promotion of brother and brother-in-law to the most senior positions in Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs in the early 1890s, likely reason for the positioning of Qld appointees at the top of the Federal PMGD in 1901; the brother of George Smibert Chief Electrician, Postal Dept Vic

===''SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Smith, Alan Shaw - See Alan Shawsmith (change of name)
* [[/Arthur Carrington Smith|Smith, Arthur Carrington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKV-VL2] - 1902(Tas)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Receive Launceston (1923); 7AB Launceston (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 8, 1924, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 930, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (operator 7BN Wills &amp; Co wannabe Class B); recording engineer (Cinesound Productions Ltd, Bondi, 1932); inventor of sound-on-film systems - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Launceston, 1928); recording engineer (Bronte, 1931-1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); recording engineer (Clovelly, 1943-1949; Waverley, 1963-1968); engineer (Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Austen Cyril Smith|Smith, Austen Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6N-JKF] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2FS Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1925; Burwood, 1925; Maroubra, 1930-1933; Homebush, 1933; Burwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 75, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio agent - Electoral Rolls: radio agent (Burwood, 1934-1937); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Burwood, 1958-1963); retired (Lower Hawkesbury, 1972-1980)
* [[/C. Smith|Smith, C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BA Receive Stanley (1922); Receive Stanley (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Cedric Preston Smith|Smith, Cedric Preston or Preston-Smith, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BB-X47] - 1907(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Cremorne, 1924); 2QK Sydney (Manly, 1935-1936; Balgowlah, 1937; Lane Cove, 1938-1939); 2CD Sydney (Cremorne, 1958-1961; Palm Beach, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank accountant (Binnaway, 1930); bank officer (Manly, 1932; Balgowlah, 1934-1937; South Melbourne, Vic, 1943-1949); bank manager (Ballarat, 1954; Cremorne, 1958-1963); retired (Palm Beach, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Smith|Smith, Charles Frederick]] - 1908(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: No licence yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 418, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1112, 1928; 2COCP 44, 1929 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Several contemporaneous Charles Frederick Smith's, not yet identified
* [[/Colin Hughes Smith|Smith, Colin Hughes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YH-LLB] - 1910(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PK Melbourne (East Kew, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 433, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kew, 1931-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1980)
* [[/Herbert Henry Baker Smith|Smith, Herbert Henry Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFN-H6R] - 19??(???)-1932(Qld) - Licences: 4DP Receive Cairns (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Cairns, Qld, 1925-1930)
* [[/J. H. Smith|Smith, J. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EA Receive Beenleigh (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Albert Malcolm Smith|Smith, John Albert Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L264-537] - 1911(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5JR Adelaide (St Peters, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1375, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/P. W. Smith|Smith, P. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EF Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Sidney Hugh Holland Smith|Smith, Sidney Hugh Holland]] - 1861(???)-1933(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, senior state public servant (Qld P&amp;T, Chief Mechanician), senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Mechanician, Qld), radio clubs (QWI, vice president), business proprietor (Telephone and Electrical Supplies Co)
* [[/Stuart Disney Paull Smith|Smith, Stuart (Birth) or Stewart (Electoral Rolls) Disney Paull or Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDB-8D8] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4LA Brisbane (Corinda, 1934-1939); 4LA Amberley (1946-1948); 4LA Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1303, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor); military (RAAF, navigator); broadcast technician (4BC); Dept Education (O/C Radio) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Corinda, Qld, 1936-1949); radio technician (New Farm, Qld, 1949); maintenance officer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1963); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Sydney Smith|Smith, Sydney]] - 1856(NSW)-1934(NSW) - senior state politician (NSW MLA), senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1904-1905)
* [[/Wilfred Smith|Smith, Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRQ-PQ1] - 1896(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 602, 1921; 2COCP 419, 1941; 1COCP 882, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/William Arthur Smith|Smith, William Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCX-XL9] - 1906(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5LZ Wallaroo (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 526, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Glenunga, 1939-1943) - beware several contemporaneous William Arthur Smith's
* [[/William Henry Smith|Smith, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2V-L4R] - 1911(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5SW Adelaide (Woodville, 1937-1939, 1947-1956); 5ASW Adelaide (Woodville, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1996, 1937, SA; BOCP 431, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WHSs - Electoral Rolls: operator (Woodville, SA, 1939)
* [[/W. J. Smith|Smith, W. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: N758 Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922); 2IC Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SMITHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Charles Smithers|Smithers, Ernest Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z1-GQ1] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 552, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector of fisheries (Urunga, 1930); inspector (Burwood, 1930-1949)

===''SMYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Walter Smyth|Smyth, Cedric Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1C-4MX] - 1916(WA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 7CD Devonport (1933-1939); 3ACH Melbourne (Doncaster East, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1133, 1933, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Preston, Vic, 1942-1949); engineer (Doncaster East, 1954-1977)
* [[/Victor Loftus Smyth|Smyth, Victor Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-P8L] - 1905(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Receive Geelong (1923); 3PJ Geelong (1924); 3PJ Bendigo (1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 126, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Bendigo, 1928-1972)
===''SMYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Cresswell Smythe|Smythe, Alan (BMD) or Allan (Electoral Rolls) Cresswell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JQ-V9V] - 1908(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: 5MF Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Hazlewood Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 658, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 135, 1933; BOCP 125, 1937; 1COCP 196, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''SNADDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Ernest Snaddon|Snaddon, John Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLF-B75] - 1920(Eng)-1944(Aegean Sea) - Licences: 3VE Melbourne (Malvern, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2322, 1939, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 459 Squadron, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/snaddon-john-ernest-409361/]
===''SNAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Leslie Snaith|Snaith, Samuel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-2S8] - 1901(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ZR Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1926; Newport, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 166, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1924-1928; Newport, 1931-1954)
===''SNAPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fairlie Roger de Burgh Snape|Snape, Fairlie Roger de Burgh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-B1V] - 1900(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NU Receive Quirindi (1923); 4JK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 695, 1922; 2COCP 340, 1931; 1COCP 221, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Quirindi, 1930); wireless operator (Quirindi, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Killara, 1949-1968); engineer (Killara, 1980)
===''SNOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Charles Snook|Snook, Keith Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTG-Z2D] - 1908(Tas)-1946(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Hobart North, 1936); motor mechanic (Hobart Central, 1937)
===''SNOSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Raymond Snoswell|Snoswell, Alfred Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NWH-MCT] - 1899(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5AD Adelaide (Exeter, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Largs, 1939-1943)

===''SODEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander William Soden|Soden, Alexander William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-7M1] - 1909(Qld)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4AS Brisbane (Annerley, 1930-1939; Yeerongpilly, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 634, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1943)
===''SOUMPROU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emile Walter Soumprou|Soumprou, Emile Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZZF-SX7] - 1906(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3WK Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1931; North Fitzroy, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; East Brighton, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 511, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Northcote, 1936-1937); retired (Fitzroy North, 1942-1949); Elsternwick, 1954)
===''SOUTHWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Lindsay Southwell|Southwell, Clifford Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-FDF] - 1897(???)-1973(NSW) - 2SW Sydney (Cremorne, 1925-1926; Northbridge, 1927-1929; Brighton-Le-Sands, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1933-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 131, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Army, Private) &amp; WW2 (Australian Army, colonel), sales manager (1954)
* [[/Leslie William Douglas Southwell|Southwell, Leslie William Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WXT-S8L] - 1900(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3SL Seymour (1924-1939, 1946-1954); 3SL Melbourne (Montrose, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 250, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Seymour, 1931-1954)
* [[/Noel Leslie Southwell|Southwell, Noel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-ZJW] - 1919(NSW)-1998(NSW) - 2ZF Sydney (Leichhardt, 1935-1939, 1946-1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980+), qualifications (AOCP 1565, 1935, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 149, 1937), amateur operator, broadcast technician (1949), QSL collection survives ARDXC/NFSA

===''SPARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Spark|Spark, John]] - 1879(USA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AC Perth (City, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Fremantle, 1917); civil servant (West Perth, 1921) - Comment: identification not certain
===''SPEDDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Spedding|Spedding, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ82-ZCM] - 1897(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 4DU Receive Brandon (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Brandon, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Lakemba, NSW, 1932-1958)

===''SPENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Keith Spence|Spence, Edward Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBYN-S3H] - 1908(Qld)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 4DT Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Union Bank, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 1930; Wellington, NSW, 1934); bank officer (Bondi, NSW, 1936; Rose Bay, NSW, 1937; Epping, NSW, 1943-1949; Northbridge, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1980)
* [[/William Guthrie Spence|Spence, William Guthrie]] - 1846(Sco)-1926(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1914-1915)
===''SPENCER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derek David Spencer|Spencer, Derek David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSW-N55] - 1909(Eng)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 3DS Melbourne (Altona, 1934-1937); 6DS Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1280, 1934, Vic; AOLCP 157, 1934; 2COCP 55, 1936; 1COCP 111, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Ulverstone, Tas, 1954; Leven, Tas, 1963); farmer (Gawler, Tas, 1972)

===''SPERRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred John Sperring|Sperring, Wilfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KVLY-JPK] - 1917(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6SP Perth (Victoria Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Belmont, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1920, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Victoria Park, WA, 1943); mechanic (Victoria Park, WA, 1949); radio engineer (Belmont, WA, 1954-1963)

===''SPICER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Spicer|Spicer, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88M-KKY] - 1910(Eng)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1929-1931; East Malvern, 1933; North Fitzroy, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 554, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1934); constable (Port Melbourne, 1936; Fitzroy, 1937-1954; Carlton South, 1967-1968); retired (Hurstbridge, Vic, 1977-1980) 
===''SPITZKOWSKY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Royston Stanley Spitzkowsky|Spitzkowsky, Max Royston Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYD-23H] - 1904(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1926-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 302, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Hamilton, 1932-1972)
===''SPOTSWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Ernest Spotswood|Spotswood, Cyril Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-4GM] - 1897(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: Receive Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Burnie, 1936-1943); fettler (Burnie, 1949-1954)
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7C] - 1892(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Poopoonbah via Giru (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1356, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: second YL operator in Qld - Relationships: Wife of 4JK Jack Lawrence Humphry - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Ching Do Siding, Ayr, Qld, 1919-1936; Giru, Qld, 1937-1949; Poopoonbah, Qld, 1954; St Lucia, Qld, 1958-1972)

===''SPRENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Ernest Sprenger|Sprenger, Herbert Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQD-2CJ] - 1914(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4ES Bundaberg (1932-1939); 4ES Brisbane (New Farm, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, 1955-1960; Rainworth, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 1064, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 165, 1938; 1COCP 530, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); state public servant (Qld Police, radio comms) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bundaberg, 1936-1937); police constable (New Farm, Qld, 1943-1949); sergeant police (Holland Park, Qld, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1958); sub-inspector police (Rainworth, Qld, 1963-1968); police officer (Rainworth, Qld, 1972); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SPURRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Charles Spurrier|Spurrier, Leonard Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTY1-WZJ] - 1904(Wales)-1984(SA) - Licences: S382 Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1922); 5AL Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Clarence Park, 1939-1941; Eden Hills, 1943)

===''SQUIRES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Squires|Squires, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-3GW] - 1909(WA)-1972(???) - Licences: 6JS Perth (Cannington, 1929-1939; Como, 1946-1956; Nedlands, 1960; West Leederville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 510, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cannington, 1931-1936); sales manager (Midland Junction, 1937; South Perth, 1943-1954); manager (Subiaco, 1963); business manager (West Kalamunda, 1968)

===''ST JOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Clive Bolingbroke St John|St John, Henry Clive Bolingbroke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTN-PV8] - 1895(Eng)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2RX Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2RX Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1939; Northbridge, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 258, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: reader (Rockdale, 1930-1936; Northbridge, 1943-1963)

===''STACEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Keith Stacey|Stacey, Howard Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3TY-D8M] - 1907(NSW)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5XA Adelaide (Firle, 1934-1937; Knightsbridge, 1938-1939; Leabrook, 1947-1956; Glynde, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1360, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Burnside, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Roy Ernest Stacey|Stacey, Roy Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDT-PNR] - 1902(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RS Proserpine (1933-1939, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1187, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: office assistant (Bauple, Qld, 1925); clerk (Proserpine, Qld, 1928-1972)

===''STACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Patrick Charles Stack|Stack, Robert Patrick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-Y2K] - 1904(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4TK Innisfail (1936-1939, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1742, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: hairdresser (Innisfail, Qld, 1930-1932); stationer (Innisfail, Qld, 1936-1943)

===''STACKPOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Julian Stackpole|Stackpole, Peter Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-H8N] - 1947(Vic)-2004(ACT) - Licences: 3ZQS Melbourne (North Clayton, 1980+; 1RX Canberra, 1990s); Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 2203, 1966; AOCP N1856, 1988 - amateur operator; broadcast planning engineer (P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA, ACA) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Hampton, 1972); technical officer (Clayton, 1977-1980)
===''STAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hurst William Stafford|Stafford, John Hurst William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV6P-XSJ] - 1901(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Receive Ipswich (Ebbw Vale, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ebbw Vale, 1925-1928; Booval, 1932-1949); engineer (East Ipswich, 1958-1963); retired (Mansfield, 1977-1980)
===''STANFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Roy Stanfield|Stanfield, Clifford Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQXR-9GG] - 1900(NSW)-1991(NSW) - Licences: N744 Receive Newcastle (1922); 2HX Receive Newcastle (1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 383, 1918; 2COCP 136, 1930; 1COCP 140, 1930 - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Randwick, 1930; Maroubra, 1932-1968); retired (Blaxland, 1977-1980)
===''STANLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. M. Stanley|Stanley, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2JS Receive Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1922-1923); 2JS Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1924); Orange (1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 100, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; newsagent (Leura, late 1920s) - Identification: Not yet identified (possibly James Melville Stanley, electrician, Lockhart, 1930) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''STAPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Stapleton|Stapleton, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-R9P] - 1915(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5KY Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1314, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Cook, SA, 1941-1944)

===''STARKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Starkie|Starkie, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBS-NCY] - 1906(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4NW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 306, 1926, No. 30 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Nundah, 1928-1937); warehouse assistant (Holland Park, 1943); manager (Wavell Heights, 1949); agent (Toowong, 1954-1958); manufacturer's agent (Kenmore, 1963); agent (Tennyson, 1968-1972); retired (The Gap, 1977; North Tamborine, 1980)

===''STARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Starr|Starr, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-LC4] - 1916(Qld)-1940(off Qld coast) - Licences: 4FS Stanthorpe (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1930, 1937, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 23 Squadron, Aircraftsman Class 1) - Electoral Rolls: baker (Stanthorpe, 1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1719163]

===''STEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey William Ashcroft Steane|Steane, Geoffrey William Ashcroft]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCF-JWV] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3UX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 775, 1923; 2COCP 330, 1931 -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mont Albert, Vic, 1931); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1937); radio engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1949); television engineer (Double Bay, NSW, 1954); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1954)

===''STEELE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rowland Edward James Steele|Steele, Rowland Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-2ZM] - 1904(Tas)-1987(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hobart West, 1928); dairyman (West Hobart, 1937-1972)

===''STEPHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Goldsmith Stephen|Stephen, Percy Goldsmith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2J-HVR] - 1896(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZB Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1925); 2PS Sydney (Balmain, 1926; Granville, 1927-1930; Lidcombe, 1931-1936; Croydon, 1937-1939; Five Dock, 1946-1958; Condell Park, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Granville, 1930); electrician (Lakemba, 1930; Lidcombe, 1932-1936); electrical fitter (Five Dock, 1943-1958); fitter (Condell Park, 1968-1972)
===''STEPHENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Nelson Stephens|Stephens, Arthur Nelson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G941-3F1] - 1886(Eng)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1922); 4CG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923-1925); Operator of 4AE - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draughtsman (North Carlton, Vic, 1912-1914); engineer (Wireless Station, Pinkenba, 1915-1919; Clayfield, 1925-1928); hotel keeper (Palm Beach Hotel, Elanora, 1932-1934; Grand Hotel, Southport, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Southport, 1949); secretary (Main Beach, 1954-1958; Southport East, 1963-1968)
* [[/Frank Richmond Stephens|Stephens, Frank Richmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-MLM] - 1897(Qld)-1977(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 452, 1919 - RANRS - Electoral Rolls:  naval reservist (New Farm, 1921); farm hand (Wamuran, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (New Farm, 1925-1937); radio mechanic (New Farm, Qld, 1943); agent (New Farm, Qld, 1949); caretaker (Brisbane, 1954-1958); retired (Bowen Hills, 1963; Coolangatta, 1968-1972)
* [[/Harry James Milne Stephens|Stephens, Harry James Milne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYC-KQH] - 1900(WA)-1982(WA) - Licences: 6ZZ Perth (South Perth, 1935-1939; Bassendean, 1947-1960; Eden Hill, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1530, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Albany, WA, 1925); railway employee (Katanning, WA, 1931-1936); storekeeper (Fremantle, WA, 1937); aircraftsman (Bassendean, WA, 1943-1963); railway employee (Eden Hill, WA, 1968-1972); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Stephens|Stephens, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-35G] - 1912(Vic)-1944(Sct) - Licences: 3GO Melbourne (Essendon, 1931-1933) - qualifications: AOCP 489, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1944) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Essendon, 1936-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/stephens-thomas-418036/]
* [[/Thomas Blacket Stephens|Stephens, Thomas Blacket or Blackett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9WG-Y5P] - 1902(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 309, 1926, No. 31 in Qld - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: articled law clerk (Annerley, 1925-1928); solicitor (Annerley, 1934; Fortitude Valley, 1936-1937; Clayfield, 1949-1968); retired (St Lucia, 1972-1980)

===''STEPHENSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Wilfred Stephenson|Stephenson, Charles Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-M7F] - 1905(Qld)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother); 2BWQ Sydney (Blacktown, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 282, 1926, No. 25 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, operator 4WN; WIAQ, operator 4AE); broadcast technician (4QG); business proprietor (cinema audio) - Relationships: brother of 4RG Harold John Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Pymble, NSW, 1932-1933); sound engineer (Capertee, NSW, 1936-1937); panel beater (Bourke, NSW, 1943); mechanic (Capertee, NSW, 1949-1954; Maroubra, NSW, 1958); autoelectrician (Blacktown, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Blacktown, NSW, 1980) 
* [[/Harold John Stephenson|Stephenson, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-9M3] - 1903(Qld)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 290, 1926, No. 27 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 4RG/2BWQ Charles Wilfred Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Wooloowin, Qld, 1925-1943); sheet metal worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); engineer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); aircraft mechanic (Maroubra, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''STEVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edgar F. Stevens|Stevens, Albert Edgar F. &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH4H-N2D] - 1894(Vic)-1954(WA) - 6BN Perth (North Perth, 1924-1927; South Perth, 1930-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 136, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telephone mechanic (1925)
* [[/Frederick William Stevens|Stevens, Frederick William]] - 1898-19?? - 4SP Brisbane, amateur operator (PRTC 788, 1923, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP, 1930, Qld), Coastal wireless operator; first chief engineer 4QG, state public servant (4QG), pilot (Qantas), federal public servant (DCA)
* [[/Robert Edward Stevens|Stevens, Robert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZMF] - 1908(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7OJ Deloraine (1931-1933); 3OJ Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 817, 1931, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Auburn, Vic, 1931; Burwood, 1937-1980)

===''STEWART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Barnett Stewart|Stewart, Alexander Barnett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHBR-VND] - 1895(Sct)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4DD Receive Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Oondooroo, Qld, 1919); farmer (Palmwoods, Qld, 1921-1925); orderman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1928); truck driver (Eight Mile Plains, Qld, 1936-1937); foreman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Donald Richardson Stewart|Stewart, Donald Richardson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94CC-2MT] - 1902(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: V739 Receive Lorne (1922); 3GS Receive Lorne (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Lorne, 1925-1954); guest house proprietor (Lorne, 1967-1968); proprietor (Lorne, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Edgar Stewart|Stewart, John Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-3JC] - 1884(NSW)-1957(NSW) - Licences: 2MR Newcastle (Mayfield, 1923-1929; Hamilton, 1930); 2MR Sydney (Chatswood, 1931); 4MR Brisbane (Nundah, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2MR Waratah (1954-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Commonwealth Electoral Commission (Chief Electoral Officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Arncliffe, 1913); District Returning Officer (Mayfield, 1930); Commonwealth Electoral Officer (Nundah, Qld, 1937-1949); retired (Waratah, 1954)
* [[/Henry Stewart|Stewart, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXS7-R71] - 1896(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 234, 1916; 1COCP 318, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous HSs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Alfred Stewart|Stewart, William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBZ-4XJ] - 1910(WA)-2020(WA)109yo - Licences: 6ST Perth (West Leederville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1958, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balkatta, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1937); salesman (Wembley Park, WA, 1943; Leederville, WA, 1949); technician (Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley Park, WA, 1968; Floreat Park, WA, 1972-1980) - Links: [https://gerontology.fandom.com/wiki/William_Stewart Gerontology]

===''STIPEK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stipek|Stipek, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-XL1] - 1898(NSW)-1974(Florida, USA) - Licences: 7BE Receive St Helens (1923); Receive St Helens (1923); 7BE St Helens (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMG telegraph messenger, left PMGD 1920; first to log KGO in Tas - Comment: beware two other John Stipek's concurrently in Tas, 1920s - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (St Helens, 1919); clerk (St Helens, 1922)
===''STITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt|Stitt, Walter Hugh Rankin Jnr &quot;Hughie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBX-L5G] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2WH Forbes (1925-1969+), 2ARN Forster (1965-1969+),  amateur operator (AOCP 196, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, &quot;brother-in-law&quot; of Leslie Maclean Wilson 2LM, note his father also Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt and lived in same district

===''STOCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel Alan John Stocks|Stocks, Daniel Alan John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-R5P] - 1897(Vic)-1933(Vic) - 3DJ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927; Surrey Hills, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 144, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrical engineer, gone too soon
===''STOCKTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stockton|Stockton, Norman]] - 1904(WA)-1943(Germany) - 4NQ Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, press correspondent), journalist, &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''STOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Frederick Stow|Stow, Allen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WR-7GG] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3AS Melbourne (North Carlton,1928-1931; North Fitzroy, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Northcote, 1948-1965); 3AFS Portable Melbourne (Northcote, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 441, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton North, 1931; Fitzroy North, 1934-1942)
===''STOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Alfred Stowe|Stowe, Harry Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBJ-YTW] - 1892(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: XAS Sydney (Drummoyne, 1911-1914); 2CX Receive Sydney (Chatswood, 1922-1923); 2CX Sydney (Chatswood, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 19, 1924, No. 9 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, 1930-1958); retired (Frenchs Forest, 1968-1977)
===''STOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Bickley Stoyle|Stoyle, Jack Bickley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM1Z-JWV] - 1881(India)-1966(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 91, 1915; 1COCP 55, 1930 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920); AWA CRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1917); radio station master (Darwin, 1922; Kilkenny, 1939-1943)

===''STRAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Michael Strafford|Strafford, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ2K-LBX] - 1900(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5JS Adelaide (Stepney, 1936-1939; City, 1947-1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1710, 1936, SA; BOCP 514, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''STRATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Stephen Stratford|Stratford, Leo Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-HRX] - 1915(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4AE Goondiwindi (1936-1939); 4LS Goondiwindi (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1678, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1936-1949); radio dealer (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1954-1958); electrician (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1968); refrigeration mechanic (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1980)

===''STREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot; - See Florence Madeline Mackenzie 4YL
===''STREET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frederick Street|Street, Reginald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW5S-Z4L] - 1900(Tas)-1927(Tas) - Licences: 7BD Receive Hobart (1923); Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Hobart West, 1922)
===''STROHFELDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Strohfeldt|Strohfeldt or Strofeldt, Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVWD-W9Z] - 1904(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4GS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1041, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: licensed for 5 years after passing - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Roma, 1926); telegraphist (Charleville, 1928-1930); Paddington, Qld, 1936-1937); assistant radio inspector (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943)

===''STUART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Stuart|Stuart, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSH-RPC] - 1895(SA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval officer (Hobart, Tas, 1919); telegraphist (Hobart, 1922; Oakleigh, Vic, 1928-1942); primary producer (Tarra Valley, Vic, 1949-1954)
* [[/Michael Aloysius Horatio Stuart|Stuart, Michael Aloysius Horatio]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-2D9] - 1891(Vic)-1953(Vic) - Licences: 3MH Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1927); 3MH Rockbank (1931-1937); 5MS Adelaide (Rosewater, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 66, 1929; 1COCP 184, 1931; likely CRPT pre 1927 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Navy); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1925-1927); radio telegraphist (Beam Radio Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1937; Geraldton, WA, 1943); radio technician (Footscray North, Vic, 1949)

===''STURDEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Ashton Hobart Sturdee|Sturdee, Vernon Ashton Hobart]] - 1890(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur radio club (member, WIQ)

===''SULLIVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sullivan|Sullivan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLGD-VK6] - 1906(Vic)-1997(Vic) - 3SR Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1925-1926), 3SR Yallourn (1927), amateur operator (AOCP 206, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (1927)
===''SUTHERLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan James Sutherland|Sutherland, Alan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK6-94L] - 1916(SA)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 5XB Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939, 1947-1948); 3AXB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1954-1965); 3KY Melbourne (Balwyn, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1592, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dunleath, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Canterbury, Vic, 1954-1968; Balwyn, Vic, 1972-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1977)
* [[/George Bremner Sutherland|Sutherland or Clyne, George Bremner &quot;Jock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVF-KQC] - 1893(Sct)-19??(WA) - 6GB Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 295, 1932), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Navy, 1911), late 1920s assistant chief engineer 6WF (to Wally Coxon), DCA (aeradio operator, from 1941), radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949), retired (North Perth, 1958)

===''SUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Sutton|Sutton, Arthur Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMFM-Z34] - 1882(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (early 1910s); utilised Henry Sutton's experimental licence - Relationships: son of XLM Henry Sutton - Electoral Rolls: music seller (Malvern, 1909-1913; Hawthorn, 1914-1915); engineer (Kew, 1922-1925); traveller (Camberwell, 1927); mechanic (Brunswick, 1928)
* [[/Henry Sutton|Sutton, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD19-T7V] - 1855(Vic)-1912(Vic) - Licences: XLM Melbourne (Malvern, 1910-1912) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed from 1890s); numerous inventions, Australia's first wireless telephony experimenter (1906); invented several new types of telephones; early television experiments - Relationships: father of Arthur Ernest Sutton - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sutton-henry-4675 ADB] - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Jnr|Sutton, Joseph William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-HCJ] - 1874(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4CP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4EI Brisbane (City, 1923-1925) (In the name of the State Engineer) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIQ, foundation member; QWI); electrical engineer; senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Engineer) - Relationships: son of Joseph William Sutton Snr - Electoral Rolls: electric engineer (Teneriffe, 1903); engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909); assistant (GPO, 1912-1919); electrical engineer (New Farm, 1921-1936); retired (Ascot, 1937)
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Snr|Sutton, Joseph William Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-W6T] - 1844(Eng)-1914(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - club (Royal Society Qld, president) - Relationships: father of Joseph William Sutton Jnr - Links: [[w:Joseph William Sutton|Wikipedia]] - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909)

===''SWABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max J. Swaby|Swaby, Max J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4DA Dalby (-1948+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''SWAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Tamsett Swain|Swain, Lionel Tamsett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL1J-TGY] - 1902(NSW)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2CS Receive Newcastle (Hamilton, 1922); 2CS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1923-1927; Waratah, 1928-1939, 1946-1950; Charlestown, 1954-1961; Bolton Point, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 108, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Withdrawal: when 2CS Coffs Harbour commenced in early 1980s, policy had changed as to withdrawal of similar amateur callsigns - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Waratah, 1930-1954); engineer (Charlestown, 1958-1963); retired (Bolton Point, 1968-1980)
===''SWEENEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Moss Sweeney|Sweeney, Walter Moss]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNZ7-YRD] - 1887(Eng)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3WS Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1924-1925; Elwood, 1925-1931; St Kilda, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 204, 1916 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Subiaco, 1916-1917); no occupation (Melbourne, 1919); wireless engineer (East Melbourne, 1921-1924); engineer (Elsternwick, 1925-1928); director (St Kilda, 1931-1963)

===''SWINBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Charles Richard Swinburne|Swinburne, Frank Charles Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDML-S1J] - 1901(Qld)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 2AT Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922-1923); 2AT Sydney (Manly, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 557, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Manly, NSW, 1937; North Sydney, 1943))
===''SWINDELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Willie Swindells|Swindells, Willie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L812-BTK] - 1890(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Richmond, Vic, 1913-1914; Parkdale, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Geelong, 1927; Darlinghurst, NSW, 1931-1933); electrical engineer (Brunswick, Vic, 1934)

===''SYMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathaniel Joseph Leo Symonds|Symonds, Nathaniel Joseph Leo &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ3-3QH] - 1908(WA)-2005(WA) - 6LS Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1925-1930; Bicton, 1947-1948), 6LX Perth (Kalamunda, 1965-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 207, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW2, tailor (Cottesloe, 1931-1943), radio operator (Fremantle, 1949-1954), radio technician (Kalamunda, 1958-1980)
===''SYMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Lindsay Gordon Symons|Symons, John Lindsay Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZZ5-Q42] - 1913(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3JT Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939; East Hawthorn, 1946-1947; Burwood, 1948; South Melbourne, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 662, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Malvern, 1934-1943; Glen Iris, 1949); hotelkeeper (Malvern, 1954); engineer (Syndal, 1963)

=='''T'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''TAPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Ernest Tapp|Tapp, Charles Ernest or Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-BXV] - 1894(NSW)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 82, 1915 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: OIC Wireless Station (Thursday Island, Qld, 1915; South Yarra, Vic, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1930); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1942); manager (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''TAPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Tapper|Tapper, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZX-4T6] - 1910(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1929-1939); 6RJ Onslow (1946-1947); 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1948-1960); 2AO Wagga Wagga (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 538, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 218, 1931; TVOCP 324, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Claremont, 1931-1943); operator (Claremont, 1949-1963); radio inspector (Wagga Wagga, 1968-1980)

===''TARBOTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Augustus Tarbotton|Tarbotton, Harry Augustus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-87K] - 1902(Eng)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6HT Albany (1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1672, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Albany, WA, 1925-1931); motor mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936-1954); radio service (Albany, WA, 1958)

===''TARLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred William Tarling|Tarling, Alfred William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVH9-4RZ] - 1900(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4TW Townsville (1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; (likely qualification ca 1920, British Merchant Navy; 1COCP 679, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coolbie, Ingham, Qld, 1930); wireless operator (Pimlico, Qld, 1931-1932); labourer (West End, Qld, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''TARRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Albert Tarrant|Tarrant, Ernest Albert Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8SB-Z68] - 1898(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2AK Receive Narrabri (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Eulah Creek, 1930; Narrabri, 1943)
* [[/William Francis Tarrant|Tarrant, William Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5M-6JT] - 1914(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2UF Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1932-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1054, 1932, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (Newcastle, 1930-1949)

===''TATHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Edward Tatham|Tatham, Sydney Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQT-52W] - 1896(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 2ST Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925; City, 1926-1928; Darling Point, 1929-1933; City, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 33, 1915; 1COCP 406, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (editor, Sea, Land and Air, 1922); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: instructor (St Kilda, 1919; South Yarra, 1919); merchant (Darling Point, 1930-1933; City, 1934-1937; Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Camberwell, 1954); director (Balwyn, 1958-1972)
===''TAYLOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert William Taylor|Taylor, Albert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX56-JGX] - 1910(NSW)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AT Port Pirie (1934-1937); 5AT Adelaide (Solomontown, 1938-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1276, 1934, SA; BOCP 286, 1940; TVOCP 461, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Marleston, SA, 1941; Edwardstown, SA, 1943)
* [[/B. A. Taylor|Taylor, B. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DF Receive Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Donald Gordon Taylor|Taylor, Donald Gordon &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-N31] - 1907(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Forestville, 1923-1924); 5DX Adelaide (Forestville, 1926-1937; Black Forest, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 307, 1926, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 25, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: another DGT served in WW2 &amp; died on active service 1943 in NT - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (Goodwood, 1939; Black Forest, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Florence Mary Parsons|Taylor nee Parsons, Florence Mary]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZX2-FZB] - 1879(Eng)-1969(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - publisher - Electoral Rolls: managing director (Sydney, 1936); journalist (Vaucluse, 1954); editor (Darlinghurst, 1958; Potts Point, 1963) - Relationships: wife of George Augustine Taylor - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-florence-mary-8754 ADB]
* [[/George Augustine Taylor|Taylor, George Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-JG7] - 1872(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Nil (always operated under military or other amateur licences) - Qualifications: Nil - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, founder WIA NSW, founder Association for Development of Wireless in Australasia - Electoral Rolls: Nil - gone too soon - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-george-augustine-8756 ADB]
* [[/Leslie Harry Taylor|Taylor, Leslie Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-CD4] - 1898(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Sydney (Ashfield, 1936-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1723, 1936, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Leichhardt, 1930-1933; Ashfield, 1935-1968); retired (Ashfield, 1977)

===''TEECE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Auburn Selwyn Teece|Teece, Cecil Auburn Selwyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2Z37-JSS] - 1885(NSW)-1970(ACT) - Licences: V733 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GO Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (East Melbourne, 1909); examiner (Kew, 1910); civil servant (Kew, 1912; Hawthorn, 1914-1917); examiner of patents (Box Hill, 1919); civil servant (Toorak, 1922; Sandringham, 1924; St Kilda, 1928; East Melbourne, 1931; Reid, ACT, 1935-1937; Barton, 1943); public servant (Barton, 1949-1954); retired (Braddon, 1958-1968)
===''TEMPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Lander Templeton|Templeton, Gordon Lander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-VLH] - 1909(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3OW Coleraine (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 631, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Tahara Bridge, 1931-1937) - Relationships: cousin of 3HG Neil Murray Templeton - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
* [[/Neil Murray Templeton|Templeton, Neil Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6SD-RDT] - 1911(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3HG Coleraine (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 632, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1934-1937); RAAF (Canterbury, 1943); grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1949-1963) - Relationships: cousin of 3OW Gordon Lander Templeton

===''THEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Milton Theel|Theel, Kenneth Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD1Z-1Z9] - 1908(SA)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5CT Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5QP Adelaide (St Peters, 1927-1933; Clarence Park, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 322, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ledger keeper (Reade Park Gardens, SA, 1941-1943)

===''THOMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Kirk Raleigh Thomas|Thomas, Henry Kirk Raleigh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-8LL] - 1902(NSW)-19??(???) - 2HT Sydney (Mosman, 1924; Neutral Bay, 1925-1933; Cremorne, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1, 1924, No. 1 in NSW and Australia), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2GB, assistant engineer, 1946)
* [[/Herbert Thomas|Thomas, Herbert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6DY Perth (CBD, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, salesman (Harris Scarfe, 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous HTs
* [[/Ivor Thomas|Thomas, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-Q3G] - 1897(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5IT Adelaide (Mitcham, 1929-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 496, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Kingswood Park, 1939-1943)
* [[/Josiah Thomas|Thomas, Josiah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSY-Y24] - 1863(Eng)-1933(NSW) - establishment radio station (2CH), state politician (NSW, MLA, 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR, Postmaster-General 1908-1909, 1910-1911) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Roland Henry Thomas|Thomas, Roland Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-7Z4] - 1911(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4LR Brisbane (Bulimba, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1058, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bulimba, 1934); radio technician (Bulimba, Qld, 1937-1972); proprietor (Manly West, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Roy Valentine Thomas|Thomas, Roy Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6H-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1958(NSW) - 2TK Sydney (Erskinville, 1925), 2RV Sydney (Bondi North, 1927-1930), 2TK Sydney (South Hurstville, 1947-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 62, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''THOMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Thompson|Thompson, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HF Receive Sydney (East Balmain, 1922-1923); 2HF Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 47, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: several contemporaneous F. Thompson
* [[/Geoffrey George Thompson|Thompson, Geoffrey George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SP-DDD] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3GT Melbourne (Thornbury, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 388, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Thornbury, 1934-1937; North Melbourne, 1949); cameraman (Hawthorn, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Neville Weston Fane Thompson|Thompson, Leonard Neville Weston Fane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJKN-FJV] - 1899(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3LT Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1933; Carrum, 1937-1939; Bonbeach, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 762, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Glenferrie, 1925; Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1934; Carrum, 1936-1954)
* [[/Stanley Gordon Thompson|Thompson, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLZ-S21] - 1906(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (North Brighton, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: expert (Brighton, Vic, 1931); mechanic (Brighton, Vic, 1936); sales (Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1972)

===''THOMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Thomson|Thomson, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZND-ZPF] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3AT Sunshine (1925), amateur operator (AOCP 145, 1925, No. ?? in Vic)
* [[/G. L. Thomson|Thomson, G. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2GT Sydney (Waverley, 1924-1925), amateur operator (AOCP 3, 1924, No. 2 in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator of 2BV Waverley Radio Club
===''THORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Thorley|Thorley, Roy &quot;John&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-8GW] - 1912(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4RT Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1937; Annerley, 1938-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, president); business proprietor (mechanical engineering) - Comment: killed in automobile accident - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1937); engineer (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1963); contractor (Charters Towers, Qld, 1963)

===''THURSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wyngate Thurstan|Thurstan, Arthur Wyngate]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVFV-XSS] - 1907(Eng)-1976(NSW) - 2AV Sydney (Penshurst, 1924-1939; Beverley Hills, 1946-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 38, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, Lempriere &amp; Co (metallurgist; Chief Chemist, 1937)

===''THRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Thring|Thring, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XFG-ZY6] - 1882(NSW)-1936(Vic) - Film producer, founder 3XY Melbourne - Links: [[w:F. W. Thring|Wikipedia]]
===''THROSSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Ledsam Throssell|Throssell or Throssel, Lancelot Ledsam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHFL-59C] - 1902(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6LT Northam (1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 248, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Northam, 1925-1931); civil servant (Northam, 1936-1937); clerk (Bruce Rock, 1943); bank officer (Kojonup, 1954; Innaloo, 1963-1972); retired (Osborne Park, 1980)

===''THUGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thuge|Thuge, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-F55] - 1917(Qld)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4NC Gladstone (1936-1937); 4NO Gladstone (1938-1939); 4NO Brisbane (Hendra, 1947); 2ANO Sydney (Stanmore, 1948-1950; Arncliffe, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1622, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Charters Towers, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Petersham, NSW, 1949; Arncliffe, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Burwood, NSW, 1972)

===''THYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Joseph Thynne|Thynne, Andrew Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3H-T8K] - 1847(Irl)-1927(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1867, eventually Lieutenant-Colonel), profession (solicitor, Qld, 1873-1882), state politician (Qld MLC, Minister for Justice and Attorney General; Qld Postmaster-General, 1894-1897)

===''TILBROOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clem David Lloyd Tilbrook|Tilbrook, Clem David Lloyd]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-4PQ] - 1912(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5GL Adelaide (Brighton, 1933-1937; Camden, 1938-1939; Colonel Light Gardens, 1947-1965; Daw Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1210, 1933, SA; 2COCP 381, 1940; 1COCP 468, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Camden, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TILNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Edward Tilney|Tilney, Leslie Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPDS-4PK] - 1870(NSW)-1937(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 13, 1914 - early wireless experimenter (army); coastal wireless officer, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1916-1917); soldier (Claremont, 1917); commissioner (Caulfield, 1924-1931); civil servant (Malvern, 1933-1936) - TroveTag: &quot;Leslie Edward Tilney&quot; (400+ tags) - Links: [https://www.anzac-biographies.com/2021/06/05/tilney-lieutenant-colonel-leslie-edward-dso-mid-vd/ Bio]

===''TILSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Howard Tilse|Tilse, Arthur Howarde &quot;Howard&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTK5-CS8] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4WO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939; South Brisbane, 1946-1948; Yeronga, 1954-1970) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 725, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 155, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Army Signals, RAAF); art dealer - Electoral Rolls: radiotrician (Yeronga, 1934-1937); RAAF wireless operator (West End, Townsville, 1943); radio operator (South Brisbane, 1949); art dealer (Yeronga, 1954-1972)
===''TIMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Robert Timmins|Timmins, Alan Robert]] - broadcast engineer (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA), senior federal public servant (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA)
===''TIPPING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Tipping|Tipping, Edward Charles]] - 19??(???)-1968(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIQ, member, 1912), federal public servant (PMGD, clerk/accountant), military (Captain, Royal Engineers)
===''TIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. G. Tiver|Tiver, R. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Tanunda (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''TODD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Hugh Todd|Todd, Alan Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-7SG] - 1919(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4HT Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937; Newmarket, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Red Hill, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1639, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1954-1977) 
* [[/Charles Todd|Todd, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3X-PJ6] - 1826(Eng)-1910(SA) - senior state public servant (Government Electrician, Postmaster-General SA) - Links: [[w:Charles Todd (pioneer)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/todd-sir-charles-4727 ADB]
* [[/Lionel Victor Glen Todd|Todd, Lionel Victor Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5CG-Z68] - 1896(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2CR Tamworth (1922-1935); 2LS Tamworth (1936-1938); 2LS Denistone (1939); 2LS Sydney (West Ryde, 1957-1965; Denistone, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 132, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 282, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2CR callsign withdrawn by PMG in 1935 for 2CR Orange (Blayney) ABC - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (West Tamworth, 1932-1937); assistant radio inspector (Eastwood, 1943-1968)
* [[/Milton Buchanan Todd|Todd, Milton Buchanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-NQT] - 1892(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 63, 1915; 1COCP 81, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Thursday Island, 1916); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1930-1935); officer (Lewisham, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1937; Croydon, NSW, 1943; Townsville, 1949); senior radio officer (Townsville, 1954); radio officer (Kensington, NSW, 1958); retired (Blaxland, 1958)
* [[/Tom Arthur Todd|Todd, Tom Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD9C-7P5] - 1906(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2OT Receive Sydney (Eastwood, 1923); 2TT Sydney (Eastwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1957) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 984, 1928; 2COCP 50, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Eastwood, 1930-1937); radio mechanic (Eastwood, 1943-1977)

===''TONGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edward Tonge|Tonge, Arthur Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4S-MNM] - 1895(Eng)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AR Brisbane (Taringa, 1933; Indooroopilly, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1149, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 54, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darra, 1931; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937); mechanic (Milton, 1943-1949); process worker (Indooroopilly, 1954)

===''TONGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Melville Tongs|Tongs, Lawrence or Laurence Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR9L-Y7N] - 1899(Tas)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 7BU Receive North Motton (1923); Receive North Motton (1923); 2ADB Finley (1937-1939); 7LT Devonport (1960-1969); 3ALV Melbourne (Parkville, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 687, 1922; 2COCP 421, 1941 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Finley, 1930-1935); radio dealer (1936-1949); farmer (Dandenong, 1954); radio technician (Devonport, 1972); retired (Parkville, 1977-1980)

===''TONKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Maxwell Tonkin|Tonkin, Arthur Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLL6-HT9] - 1915(WA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 6MZ Katanning (1935-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Salisbury, 1948); 5TI Clare (1975); 5MZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1525, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Katanning, WA, 1937) 
* [[/Stanley Gordon Tonkin|Tonkin, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DQ-2R1] - 1910(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 2SG Albury (1929-1931); 2SG Sydney (Double Bay, 1933; Waverley, 1933-1936; Lane Cove, 1937); 2SG Goonellabah (1938-1939); 2SG Sydney (Epping, 1946-1955); 5SG Adelaide (Hampstead Gardens, 1956; Manningham, 1969; Glenunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 520, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 57, 1931; 2COCP 391, 1940; 1COCP 493, 1941  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Woolwich, 1932); engineer (Edgecliff, 1933); mechanic (Waverley, 1934); radio engineer (Newtown, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936; Goonellabah, 1937; Eastwood, 1943); radio technician (West Epping, 1949-1954)

===''TORMEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Tormey|Tormey, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-85X] - 1902(NSW)-1993(ACT) - Licences: 2ET Canberra (City, 1930-1934; Ainslie, 1935-1939, 1946-1955); 1ET Canberra (Ainslie, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 687, 1930, No. ?? in ACT - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Braddon, 1928-1930; Ainslie, 1935); bus driver (Ainslie, 1937); car driver (Ainslie, 1943-1980)

===''TRAEGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Hermann Traeger|Traeger, Alfred Hermann or Herman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNJ-LRP] - 1895(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AX Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1926-1931; Corryton, 1933-1937; Marratville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 293, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; inventor (with 5BG) of the pedal wireless for the RFDS - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, 1930-1932); wireless engineer (Leabrook, SA, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/traeger-alfred-hermann-8839 ADB]

===''TRAYNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Byron Traynor|Traynor, Philip Byron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-LCT] - 1900(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 224, 1925, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 353, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mile End, 1939); federal public servant (Glandore, 1941); inspector (Torrens Park, 1943)

===''TREBILCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Trebilcock|Trebilcock, Eric William]] - 1911(???)-1989(SA) - BERS195 (1933+), amateur listener
===''TREDREA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Aloysius Trevithick Tredrea|Tredrea, Frederick Aloysius Trevithick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MC1W-M7C] - 1900(WA)-1958(WA) - Licences: 6FT Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1929-1931; South Perth, 1933); 6FT Northam (1937); 6FT Perth (South Perth, 1938-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 512, 1929, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 156, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, 1925); radio operator (Northam, 1936); broadcast engineer (South Perth, 1937-1958)

===''TREGEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. S. Tregear|Tregear, W. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 3TR Melbourne (Hawthorn 192x), 3TX Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, 3TR callsign withdrawn by PMGD to prevent confusion with 3TR Sale Class B station
===''TREHARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elgar Dennis Llewellyn Treharne|Treharne, Elgar Dennis Llewellyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-X9R] - 1914(NSW)-1997(SA) - 2AFQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Ross 2IQ/5??
* [[/Herbert Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Herbert Fredrind &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F8-6ZN] - 1883(NSW)-1968(SA) - 2BM Sydney, 5QT Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW, age 60), father of Ross 2IQ/5?? and Elgar 2AFQ/5??
* [[/Ross Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Ross Fredrind]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-DJD] - 1919(NSW)-1982(SA) - 2IQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP 1513, 1935, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Elgar 2AFQ/5??
===''TRELOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Treloar|Treloar, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMJ-379] - 1906(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6JT Perth (Beaconsfield, 1931-1933; Melville, 1937; Beaconsfield, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 790, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1931-1943); tally clerk (Bicton, WA, 1949-1980)

===''TRESSIDDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Laurence Tresidder|Tresidder, William Laurence or Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PT-SQ7] - 1904(WA)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3WT Bendigo (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Bendigo, 1927-1942); radio (Kangaroo Flat, 1949-1954); radio engineer (Bendigo, 1963-1980)
===''TREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Stanley Trew|Trew, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCB6-GW4] - 1902(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6RS Harvey (1933-1937); 6RS Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1938-1939); 6RP Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1189, 1933, WA; 2COCP 382, 1940; 1COCP 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant postal department (York, WA, 1925); postal assistant (York, WA, 1926); postal employee (Harvey, WA, 1931-1937); postal clerk (Leederville, WA, 1937-1943); PMG (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); radio monitor (Joondanna Heights, WA, 1954-1958)

===''TRIM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Trim|Trim, Sydney (Electoral Rolls) or Sidney (BDM)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL7D-NLM] - 1880(Vic)-1960(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 179; 2COCP 178, 1930; 1COCP 105, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1913; West Perth, WA, 1913-1914); &quot;radio station&quot; (Wyndham, WA, 1914-1917); farmer (Mosman, NSW, 1936-1937); engineer (Applecross, WA, 1937-1958)

===''TROTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Ford Trott|Trott, Clement Ford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGY-XPN] - 1907(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CS McLaren Vale (1928-1929); 5CF McLaren Vale (1930-1931); 5CF Willunga (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 454, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (McLaren Flat, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Rusel Troy|Troy, Thomas Rusel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKG-MKH] - 1898(NSW)-1992(NSW) - 2SH Receive West Maitland (1923), 2SH West Maitland (1924-1925), 2TY West Maitland (1926-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 208, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, postman (West Maitland, 1930-1949), postal officer (Maitland, 1954), postal clerk (Maitland, 1958)
===''TRUDGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Wallis Trudgen|Trudgen, Maxwell Wallis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3H-XYH] - 1907(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (East Adelaide, 1926); 5HS Adelaide (Fullarton, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 247, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mitcham, 1939-1941); mechanical engineer (Sydney, 1943-1954); engineer (Little Bay, 1958-1968)
===''TRUNFULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Leonard Trunfull|Trunfull, Richard Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBL-K7B] - 1906(Eng)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6RT South Greenough (1932-1933); 6RT Peel Estate (1937); 6RT Roebourne (1938-1939); 6RT Dangin (1947-1948); 6RT Nungarin (1954); 6RT Narembeen (1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 924, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (South Greenough, WA, 1931; Baldavis, WA, 1936; Dangin, WA, 1943-1949; Nungarin, WA, 1954; Narembeen, WA, 1958)

===''TUMBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Henry Tumbridge|Tumbridge, Stanley Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM12-M1C] - 1899(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4ST Ipswich (1932-1933); 4ST Stanthorpe (1937-1939); 4ST Broadwater, 1947-1948; 4ST Brisbane (Woody Point, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 986, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Woodend, Qld, 1921); teacher (Murgon, Qld, 1925); school teacher (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1936-1937; Broadwater, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Margate, Qld, 1949-1954; Woody Point, Qld, 1958-1963)

===''TURNBULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Edward Turnbull|Turnbull, Norman Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TP-7K8] - 1900(WA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 6NO Narrogin (1928); 6NO Perth (City, 1930; Subiaco, 1931; Shenton Park, 1937-1939); 3AXX Melbourne (Armadale, 1954; Carrum, 1955; Parkdale, 1956; Cheltenham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: c; AOCP 430, 1928, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1120, 1928; 1COCP 185, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Bunbury, 1922; Busselton, 1925; Narrogin, 1925; Subiaco, 1931); radio inspector (Subiaco, 1934-1936); civil servant (East Perth, 1937); engineer (Armadale, 1954); clerk (Sandringham, 1958); manager (Sandringham, 1963-1968; Cheltenham, 1972); retired (Cheltenham, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert William Turnbull|Turnbull, Robert William or Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1S-GP4]  - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2RO Sydney (Burwood, 1927-1938; Northbridge, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 317, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bricklayer (Homebush, 1930-1963)

===''TURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Reginald Turner|Turner, Edward Arthur Reginald &quot;Rex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT9-JD5] - 1910(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CW Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1925); 5SA Adelaide (Leabrook, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 272, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butter maker (Gawler, 1939-1943)
* [[/Haswell Elliott Alfred Turner|Turner, Haswell Elliott Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQG-8TG] - 1891(Vic)-1969(NSW) - 2TM Sydney (Mosman, 1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 127, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, military, likely related to XACW E. Turner, Jnr
* [[/Ralph Robinson Turner|Turner, Ralph Robinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2D-S51] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5TR Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1935-1937; Dulwich, 1938-1939; Linden Park, 1947-1969; Echunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1444, 1935, SA; BOCP 66, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dulwich, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Robert John Blackwell Turner|Turner, Robert John Blackwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L62T-FP7] - 1884(NSW)-1943(NSW) - 2RT Goulburn (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 55, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''TWEEDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/P. Tweedle|Tweedle, P.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DM Receive Brisbane (Albion, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''TYAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Robert Wilson Tyas|Tyas, Norman Robert Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHC-SK6] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4TY Gracemere (1932-1934); 4TY Kingaroy (1935-1939); 4TY Brisbane (Manly, 1946-1948); 4TY Boonah (1954); 4TY Wallangarra (1955-1956); 4TY Warwick (1960); Brisbane (Manly, 1965-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1059, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); state public servant (state school principal) - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Kingaroy, Qld, 1936-1943; Brookstead, Qld, 1949; Mt Alford, Qld, 1954); teacher (Wallangarra, Qld, 1958); school teacher (Warwick, Qld, 1963; Manly, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''TYMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Tymms|Tymms, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-R2D] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 84, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Geraldton, 1922; Como, 1925); not stated (Broome, 1937); wireless telegraphist (Townsville, 1954)

=='''U'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''UMBACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ricky Charles Umback|Umback, Ricky Charles]] - early wireless historian (Ph.D. Thesis, 2016, &quot;Constituting Australia's International Wireless Service: 1901-1922&quot;) [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/142647/1/Umback%20Thesis%202018.pdf]
===''UNDERWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Underwood|Underwood, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-1XZ] - 1875(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Newstead, Qld, 1913-1915; Clayfield, Qld, 1916-1943); no occupation (Albion, Qld, 1943; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949)

===''UNGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Unger|Unger, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-????(???) - 2YRS Alectown (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ????, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, son of Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger 2UJ
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger|Unger, Herbert Wilhelm Carl or Herbert William Carl]] - 1911(???)-2012(NSW, 101yo) - 2UJ Alectown (1933-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1108, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, father of A. H. Unger 2YRS

===''URQUHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Stewart Urquhart|Urquhart, Malcolm Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXT-5C3] - 1905(WA)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1925-1939); 6MU Merredin (1946-1960); 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 116, 1925, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 27, 1936; AOLCP 158, 1934; 2COCP 85, 1937; 1COCP 126, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clerk (1931); broadcast technician (6MD, 1958); WW2 (1939-1945) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Cottesloe, WA, 1931-1937); broadcast technician (Merredin, WA, 1943-1963)

=='''V'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''VALENTINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Keith Valentine|Valentine, Lionel Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZVK] - 1916(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7KV Hobart (Bellerive, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1148, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bellerive, Tas, 1937; Acton, ACT, 1949); public servant (Hobart West, Tas, 1958)
===''VAN COUTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Josephus Van Cooth|Van Cooth, John Robert Josephus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GN-6ZP] - 1908(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (St Kilda West, 1931)
===''VARDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Edwin Vardon|Vardon, Joseph Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV9V-VPR] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923-1924); 5OM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 329, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Malvern, 1941-1943)

===''VAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Vaughan (also known as Hearps, change of name), David Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-HG5] - 1901(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2FY Sydney (Lakemba, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 665, 1930, NSW (Hearps); AOCP 1003, 1932, NSW (Vaughan) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Lakemba, 1930-1937); machinist (Lakemba, 1943-1972)

===''VEALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Pax Veall|Veall, Reginald Pax]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-GR6] - 1918(Vic)-1942(NT) - Licences: 3PV Melbourne (St Kilda, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2050, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 274, 1939; 1COCP 375, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Merchant Navy, Wireless Officer, MV Neptuna) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [http://www.ntlexhibit.nt.gov.au/exhibits/show/bod/roh/veall]
===''VEARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elwyn Thomas Vears|Vears, Elwyn Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHS1-C67] - 1901(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2BM Leura (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Strathfield, 1930-1937; Burwood, 1943-1958)) 
===''VERNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Henry Vernon|Vernon, Charles Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88V-18Z] - 1901(WA)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6KZ Albany (1930-1931); 6KZ Perth (Fremantle, 1933-1939); 3AMD Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1947); 6KZ Perth (Guildford, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 566, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Forts, Albany, 1922-1931; Fremantle, 1936-1937; 9AAD, Guildford, 1949-1954); retired (Wagin, 1958; Morley, 1963)

===''VICKARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Mervyn Vickary|Vickary, Reginald Mervyn &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-CLP] - 1909(NSW)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RV Cunnamulla (1930-1933); 4RV Warwick (1936-1939); 4VX Brisbane (Gordon Park, 1965; The Grange, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 702, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Cunnamulla, 1931); radio dealer (Warwick, 1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); shopkeeper (Toowoomba, 1949; Ekibin, 1954; Chermside, 1963; Grange, 1968-1972)
===''VICKERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth James Vickery|Vickery, Kenneth James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQP-WMQ] - 1893(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Receive Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1923); 2RA Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Hurlstone Park, 1930-1933); electrician (West Ryde, 1935; Parkes, 1936; Uralla, 1943); farmer (North Richmond, 1949-1968)

===''VINCENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Vincent|Vincent, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-7S8] - 1906(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DL Receive Kalgoorlie (1923-1924); 6VK Kalgoorlie (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 59, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1931-1937); manufacturer (South Perth, WA, 1949-1963; Como, WA, 1972-1980)

===''VINING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Vining|Vining, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR1-NLT] - 1906(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4WE Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 277, 1926, No. 22 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carrier (Nundah, 1928-1931); motor driver (Mitchelton, 1934; Gaythorne, 1936); mechanic (Gayndah, 1943); telephone mechanic (Enoggera, 1949-1963); telephone technician (Enoggera, 1968-1977)

===''VIPAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alton Frederick Vipan|Vipan, Alton Frederick]] - 1890(NSW)-1946(NSW) - XHV Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), ship wireless operator, AWA (Koo-we-rup, 1922)

===''VOIGT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emil Robert Voigt|Voigt, Emil Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-VV2] - 1883(Eng)-1973(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - 2KY Sydney, broadcast station manager; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, NSW Labor wireless committee) - Relationships: father of Rion Osborne Voigt; grandfather of Robin Voigt - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Dee Why, 1930-1934); manager (Dee Why, 1935; Narrabeen, 1936)  - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/voigt-emil-robert-8930 ADB]; [[w:Emil_Voigt_(athlete)|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.radioheritage.com/story70/ RHF]
* [[/Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt|Voigt, Rion Osborne Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-L1V] - 1915(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - broadcast industry executive, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Narrabeen, 1937; Turramurra, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of Emil Robert Voigt; father of Robin Voigt
* [[/Robin Voigt|Voigt, Robin]] - historian (Emil Robert Voigt; 2KY) - Relationships: grandson of Emil Robert Voigt; son of Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt
===''VOLKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Henry Oxford Volkman|Volkman, Reginald Henry Oxford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4CV-7PH] - 1902(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2RY Grafton (1924-1925); 2RY Scone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Woollahra, 1930-1933)
===''VOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Taylor Vowles|Vowles, Rupert Taylor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYT-FLF] - 1894(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XIZ Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2AW Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2XZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 562, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Concord, 1930-1972)

=='''W'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''WADDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivon Edward Waddell|Waddell, Ivon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-H3S] - 1909(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WX Albany (1929-1930); 6WX Katanning (1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 561, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Katanning, 1936; South Perth, 1937)
===''WADDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. M. Waddle|Waddle, E. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4GZ Charters Towers (-1959+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''WADDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard William Mackie Waddy|Waddy, Richard William Mackie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB62-5RP] - 1848(SA)-1933(SA) - senior state public servant (SA Post &amp; Telegraphs Dept), senior federal public servant (Deputy Postmaster-General SA)
===''WADHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin Wadham|Wadham, Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZC-SBQ] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5KW Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Helmsdale, 1928; Da Costa Park, 1931; Glenelg, 1933; Adelaide, 1937; Glenelg, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 23, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WIA SA (Councillor 1931; Hon. Treasurer, 1931); National Radio Corp (manager, 1938); Holdfast Bay Yacht Club (Vice-commodore, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Helmsdale, SA, 1939-1941; Da Costa Park, SA, 1943)

===''WAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Fripp Wahl|Wahl, Alan Fripp]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMB-TD4] - 1918(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6JB Perth (Leederville, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Dianella, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2101, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Leederville, WA, 1943-1958); clerk (Dianella, WA, 1963-1980)

===''WALCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Crosby Walch|Walch, Alan Crosby or Crosby Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQC7-GSS] - 1907(NSW)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7BI Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923-1925); 7CW Hobart (Bellerive, 1926-1927; Battery Point, 1931-1933; City, 1937; Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 231, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1, 1936; 1AOCP 16, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Hobart South, 1936-1954)

===''WALDRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Gerard Waldron|Waldron, Francis Gerard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WALKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Walker|Walker, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFY-L2V] - 1898(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 699, 1922 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: newspaper carrier (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1934-1937); carrier (Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1972)
* [[/Charles Welsh Walker|Walker, Charles Welsh &quot;Chas&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFR-19W] - 1899(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4CU Receive Clifton (1923); 4CU Clifton (1924-1960); 4DQ Portable Clifton (1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 10, 1924, No. 2 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; motor mechanic; Walker's Radio Service (proprietor, 1930s-1950s) - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Clifton, Qld, 1921-1958)
* [[/Louis Edward Walker|Walker, Louis Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSWB-L81] - 1864(Eng)-1934(At Sea) - Oversight of the 1906 Bass Strait link for Marconi Wireless Telegraphy Co
* [[/Philip Billingsley Walker|Walker, Phillip Billingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MNF3-P9W] - 1840(Eng)-1900(NSW) - early wireless experimenter, employment (NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendent of Telegraphs, Chief Electrician)
* [[/Ronald Gregory Walker|Walker, Ronald Gregory &quot;Gregory&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRP-GC6] - 1907(NSW)-1929(At Sea) - Licences: 7BT Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; journalist (Hobart &quot;Mercury&quot;); film maker - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1928) - Links: [http://www.seafarersmemorial.org.au/memorials/walker_g.php Seafarer's Memorial]
* [[/William Spencer Walker|Walker, William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCF4-R77] - 1911(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5WW Adelaide (Alberton, 1934-1939; West Croydon, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1305, 1934, SA; BOCP 444, 1942; TVOCP 274, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939); mechanic (West Croydon, SA, 1941-1943)

===''WALLACE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] See Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;
===''WALLBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Walter Wallbridge|Wallbridge, Leslie Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDMT-HKZ] - 1910(Eng)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5UX Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1930-1937); 5UX Peterborough (1938-1939); 5UX Kadina (1947-1948); 5UX Cook (1954-1955); 5UX Saddleworth (1956); 5UX Hawker (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 712, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Peterborough, SA, 1939-1941; Rendelsham, SA, 1943; Alice Springs, NT, 1963)

===''WALLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Wallis|Wallis, John Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JW Longford (1932-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 893, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Burnie, 1928; Longford, 1936-1937)
* Wallace, Florence Violet (adoptive name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)

===''WALSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Dunbar Walsh|Walsh, Harold Dunbar &quot;Cordite&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W3-CT7] - 1903(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4HW Brisbane (Hamilton, 1925-1931; Rocklea, 1946-1947)); 4WN Brisbane (Hamilton, 1927, dealer) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 133, 1925, No 14 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF); solicitor; pilot - Comment: Tragic end to a productive life - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1925-1937); airline pilot (Moorooka, 1949)

===''WALTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Allan Walters|Walters, Charles Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-LBY] - 1910(Vic)-1947(Vic) - Licences: 3CW Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1933; Heidelburg, 1937-1939; Brunswick, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 524, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1931-1936; Heidelberg, 1937; Brunswick, 1942)
* [[/Gerald Wills Walters|Walters, Gerald (Wills or Willis or blank)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7Y-1HZ] - 1886(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 108, 1915; 2COCP 157, 1930; 1COCP 129, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Currie, King Island, Tas, 1919; Darwin, NT, 1922); radio telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1928); wireless officer (Radio Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1936-1937); wireless (Gladesville, NSW, 1943); wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''WALZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edwyn Walz|Walz, Arthur Edwyn or Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM9T-LB3] - 1908(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4AW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939; Wavell Heights, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 287, 1926, No. 26 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; plumber; radio repair business - Relationships: son of Conrad August Walz - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Nundah, 1934-1943); radio engineer (Wavell Heights, 1949-1980) 
* [[/Conrad August Walz|Walz, Conrad August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRGZ-QF3] - 1882(Qld)-1951(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), plumber, farmer, father of 4AW Arthur Edwyn Walz

===''WARDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney William Lumley Wardle|Wardle, Sidney William Lumley]] - 1911(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 2OU Woodford Leigh (1930-1935); 2OU Armidale (1936-1937); 2OU Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939); 5OU Adelaide (Lockleys, 1946-1954); 2DID Berridale (1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 610, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Woodford Leigh, 1934-1935); technician (Bondi North, 1937; Woollahra, 1943); retired (Berridale, 1980)
===''WARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Clarke Waring|Waring, Cecil Clarke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQW4-V9F] - 1904(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3CU Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1924); 3YW Melbourne (Camberwell, 1929-1931; Canterbury, 1933; Kew, 1937); 3YW Rupanyup (1938-1939); 3YW Stawell (1946-1948); 3YW Warrnambool (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 549, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Canterbury, 1925-1928; Kew, 1931-1937; Stawell, 1942-1949; Warrnambool, 1954-1977)
===''WARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Leslie George Warne|Warne, Maurice Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSP-LHY] - 1909(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2MW Sydney (Croydon, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 300, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Campsie, 1931-1934); radio mechanic (Campsie, 1936-1937); radio sales (Kogarah, 1943-1963); radio &amp; TV technician (Arncliffe, 1968)
===''WARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Albert Warner|Warner, Geoffrey Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-6NR] - 1914(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2CK Wyong (1930-1939); 3ABW Fiskville (1947); 9GW Port Moresby (1948-1954); 2AVW Bringelly (1955-1958); 2CK Bringelly (1960-1969); 6EG Bassendean (1975); 2HJ Camden (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 710, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 60, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless technician (Rockbank, Vic, 1942); technician (OTC Bringelly, 1958-1963); manager (Bassendean, 1977; Camden South, 1980) - callsign may have been withdrawn for 2CK Cessnock commercial (later restored)
===''WARNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Bernard Warnock|Warnock, Neil Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ8-58G] - 1944(Vic)-2019(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WATERHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. G. Waterhouse|Waterhouse, A. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XVV Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WATERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George James Waters|Waters, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X9-S46] - 1902(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3EX Receive Melbourne (Heathcote, 1922); 3XA Melbourne (East Prahran, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 608, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as yet - Comment: Passed too soon
* [[/James Alfred Waters|Waters, James Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JA Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1685, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Queensborough, 1936); teacher (Ringarooma, 1937); schoolteacher (Queensborough, 1943-1954)
* [[/Leslie Waters|Waters, Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85N-TZB] - 1882(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Innisfail (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Randell Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Innisfail, 1919-1943); radio dealer (Innisfail, 1949)

===''WATERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lindsay Carmel Waterworth|Waterworth, Lindsay Carmel &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YY-6M6] - 1892(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Rockhampton (1935-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1526, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Charleville, Qld, 1921); telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1968)

===''WATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Paul Watkins|Watkins, Andrew Paul]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6AW Perth (1936-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1805, 1936, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster
* [[/William Trevor Watkins|Watkins, William Trevor &quot;Trevor&quot;, &quot;Watty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKG-J4V] - 1899(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: T336 Hobart (1920-1921); 7AA Hobart (1922-1925); 7DX Hobart (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 107, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: PMGD withdrew 7AA callsign for their own use, electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1922), wireless expert (Medhurst &amp; Sons, Hobart, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (West Hobart, 1922-1928) - Comment: passed too soon

===''WATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. A. Watson|Watson, A. A.]] - bef1910(???)-aft1930(???) - Licences: 2UT Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 341, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: None as yet - Full name not yet identified
* [[/Douglas Mervyn Watson|Watson, Douglas Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MG-FPY] - 1920(Tas)-1989(Tas) - Licences: 7DW Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939; City, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1867, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Hobart South, 1949-1954); mechanic (Lindisfarne, 1972)
* [[/Herbert Leopold Watson|Watson, Herbert Leopold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZP-JLK] - 1897(Vic)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Kiama (1929-1933); 2OL Unanderra (1935-1938); 2OL Woollongong (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 545, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Kiama, 1930); electrical engineer (Unanderra, 1934-1937; Heidelberg, Vic, 1949); electrician (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1954); retired (Avalon Beach, 1968-1972; Mona Vale, 1977; Mosman, 1980) 
* [[/James David Watson|Watson, James David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F5-789] - 1910(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3NQ Darlington via Camperdown (1930-1939); 2ANQ Albury (1946-1957) - Qualifications: AOCP 633, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Darlington, 1931-1943); radio technician (Albury, 1949-1954) - Comment: Beware another JDW, labourer, Geelong, 1930s 
* [[/John Watson|Watson, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CR Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 436, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil, as yet, specific individual not yet identified
* [[/Samuel Wilfred Watson|Watson, Samuel Wilfred or Wilfred Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-LXP] - 1906(Eng)-1998(WA) - Licences: 6WW Perth (West Perth, 1930-1939, 1948-1969); 6WW Shoalwater Bay (1975); 6WW Cardup (1980) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 189, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (West Perth, WA, 1931-1972); retired (Shoalwater Bay, WA, 1977; Cardup, WA, 1980)
* [[/William Wesley Watson|Watson, William Wesley]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart South, 1949)

===''WATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Watt|Watt, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-4B7] - 1901(Sct)-1985(Tas) - Licences: 7BO Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923); Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prince of Wales Bay, 1922-1928); accountant (New Town, 1936-1949; Moonah, 1954)
* [[/Arthur William Watt|Watt, Arthur William]] -  19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly)
* [[/Charles Russell Watt|Watt, Charles Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-JFH] - 1904(Eng)-1993(NSW) - 2WT Tenterfield (1925-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 184, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, grazier (Tenterfield, 1930-1980)
===''WAUCHOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Wylie Wauchope|Wauchope, Ronald Wylie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH6X-QJR] - 1914(SA)-1933(SA)19yo - Licences: 5WE Adelaide (Maylands, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1086, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, 19yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WEATHERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Elsdon Weatherley|Weatherley, Harry William Elsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBF-1HC] - 1921(Vic)-2006(Vic) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, New Zealand DX Radio Association, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia - Chief Editor, Ontario DX Club), ANARC DXer of the year - metallurgist (Auburn, 1949-1954); technician (Mount Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Mount Waverley, 1980)
* [[/Herb J. Weatherley|Weatherley, Herb J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4HW Clifton (-1951+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), callsign formerly Harold Dunbar Walsh
===''WEATHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Weatherson|Weatherson, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WEATHERSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stewart Weatherston|Weatherston, William Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LZ-2KF] - 1905(WA)-1942(Sing) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1927); salesman (St Kilda, 1931; Forrest, ACT, 1935; Newtown, 1943!) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''WEBSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Charles Webster|Webster, Harold Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCRM-31P] - 1876(Tas)-1923(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Launceston, 1914); clerk (Hobart North, 1922)
* [[/William Webster|Webster, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJD-D94] - 1860(Eng)-1936(NSW) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1915-1920), played prominent part in the Postal Royal Commission

===''WEDDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Austin Weddell|Weddell, James Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK9-SYF] - 1914(SA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5ZL Adelaide (Reade Park, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1595, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Col Light Gardens, SA, 1939-1943); RAAF (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Auburn, Vic, 1954); RAAF officer (Richmond, NSW, 1958); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1963); not stated (Red Hill, ACT, 1968-1972); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Arthur Weddell|Weddell, John Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKM-KVK] - 1926(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FT Brisbane (Zillmere, 1954-1960); 2ZM Glenbrook (1961); 4FT Brisbane (Sandgate North, 1965-1969); 2BFT Sydney (Clovelly, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3172, 1951, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1949; Zillmere, Qld, 1954-1958; Sandgate, Qld, 1963-1968); technician (Marrickville, NSW,  1972; Clovelly, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''WEDGEWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Donald Wedgewood|Wedgewood, William Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLV-GM8] - 1901(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: N741 Receive NSW - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 692, 1922; 2COCP 49, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: boarder (Sutton Coalfield, Eng, 1911); manufacturer (Glenmore, 1930-1936); aviator (Nedlands, WA, 1937); farmer (Moruya, 1949-1954); greenkeeper (Brisbane, 1958); public servant (Hornsby, 1963-1972)

===''WEEKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. L. Weeks|Weeks, H. L.]] - 19??-19?? - Licences: 4CJ Receive Currumbin (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: - Identification: Not yet identified

===''WEISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred George Weiss|Weiss, Wilfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-7NP] - 1912(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2TV Sydney (Croydon Park, 1960-1961; Strathfield, 1965); 2TV Ettalong Beach (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 670, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lithgow, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Lithgow, 1943); silk screen craftsman (Croydon Park, 1949-1958); retired (Strathfield, 1963-1968; Ettalong Beach, 1972; Ettalong, 1977)

===''WELLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Arthur Martin Weller|Weller, Cyril Arthur Martin &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-WXH] - 1903(???)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2160, 1938, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, Radio Club (WIAQ, Brisbane DX Club), power station engineer, education (ME, UQ) - Electoral Rolls: student (Windsor, 1925); engineer (Wilston, 1925-1928; Camp Hill, 1934-1943; Clayfield, 1949-1972; Albion, 1977)
===''WELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Welling|Welling, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLHB-KQZ] - 1898(Eng)-1960(SA) - Licences: 5TW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1937); 5TW Mt Gambier (1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 179, 1930; 1COCP 81, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941); wireless technician (Mt Gambier, SA, 1943)

===''WELLINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hudson Wellington|Wellington, Stanley Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB84-47Y] - 1909(Tas)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7PK Hobart (New Town, 1932-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1002, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 117, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: representative (Caulfield, 1936); chemist (Brighton, Vic, 1937-1942); manager (Mosman, 1949-1980)

===''WELLMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Joseph Wellman|Wellman, Leo Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1SW-R9S] - 1898(NSW)-1965(NSW) - 2PS Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923), 2LW Sydney (Marrickville, 1925-1928), amateur operator (AOCP 117, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WELSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud William Welsh|Welsh, Claude or Claud  William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPH-WS4] - 1914(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4CW Warwick (1937-1939); 4DK Mackay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1982, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, Qld, 1937-1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1943); radio technician (Warwick, Qld, 1958; Mackay, Qld, 1958); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1963); radio technician (Mackay, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''WERRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Errol Limbrick Werrett|Werrett, Errol Limbrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-FMH] - 1908(Tas)-1974(Eng) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hampshire (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm worker (Hampshire, 1936-1937); fitter (South Melbourne, 1943); engineer (Caulfield, 1949-1968; Balaclava, 1972)

===''WESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Frederick Shorter Weston|Weston, Cyril Frederick Shorter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVJ-FXY] - 1905(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4EN Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kedron, 1928); Christian worker (Darlinghurst, 1934); grocer (Oatley, 1943); agriculturalist (Ourimbah, 1949); salesman (Paekhurst, 1963-1980); retired (Charmhaven, 1980)
* [[/George James Weston|Weston, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ3-Y8Q] - 1868(Eng)-1939(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 702, 1922 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant) - Comment: Several contemporaneous GJWs - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Albany, 1903); civil servant (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1910-1912); civil servant (Wireless Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1913); sailor (Toorak, 1919); naval officer (Elsternwick, 1919); civil servant (Auburn, Vic, 1922); wireless engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1924-1927); retired engineer (Upwey, 1931-1937)
* [[/Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston|Weston, Robert Marcus Hamilton &quot;Mark&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-KW6] - 1915(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4XO Bundaberg (1938-1939); 2WE Sydney (Lidcombe, 1946-1947); 2AWE Sydney (Kingsford, 1955; Kensington, 1956-1957); 2AYK Sydney (Kensington, 1957; Kingsford, 1958-1961); 2CM Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2076, 1938, Qld; 2COCP 386, 1940; 1COCP 581, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; wireless officer (QANTAS) - Relationships: husband of 2MR Verle Lorraine Weston nee Key(s) - Electoral Rolls: marine wireless operator (Auchenflower, Qld, 1943); radio operator (Blakehurst, NSW, 1949; Kingsford, NSW, 1954-1963; Sans Souci, NSW, 1968-1980)
* [[/Verle Lorraine Keys|Weston nee Key(s), Verle Lorraine]] - 1934(???)-1985(NSW) - 2MR Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980), YL amateur operator (AOCP ???, 1964, No. ?? in Qld), wife of Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston 2CM
* [[/William Wood Weston|Weston or Wehrstedt, William Wood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPG-KBQ] - 1912(WA)-1953(WA) - Licences: 6MW Perth (Nedlands, 1935-1939; North Beach, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1465, 1935, WA; BOCP 596, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Further clarification of identification required - Electoral Rolls: assistant operator (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); operator (Leederville, WA, 1943-1954; North Perth, WA, 1958-1968; Leederville, WA, 1972-1977)

===''WHALLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Percy Whalley|Whalley, Rupert Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGZ-CV3] - 1894(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JZ Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922); 3JZ Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1927); 3JZ Myrtleford (1937-1939); 3JZ Wangaratta (1946-1948); 3JZ Melbourne (Blackburn, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 238, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: builder (Sandringham, 1919-1925); farmer (Myrtleford, 1927-1942); tobacco grower (Wangaratta, 1949); foreman (Blackburn, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 3ZWZ Robert Kelvin Whalley

===''WHEELER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Winslow Wheeler|Wheeler, Harry Winslow]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBC-BYC] - 1910(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5FB Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1927-1928); 5HW Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 371, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF, DFC) - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Eden Hills, SA, 1939-1943); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1968) 
* [[/Victor George Wheeler|Wheeler, Victor George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4Z-FGL] - 1897(Eng)-1976(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; coastal wireless operator; WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electric mechanic (Roebourne, 1917-1922); manager (Fremantle, 1925)

===''WHITAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Thomas Whitaker|Whitaker, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKKW-5DB] - 1895(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2OI Receive Sydney (Banksia, 1923); 2OI Sydney (Banksia, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockdale, 1930; Banksia, 1933-1934); builder (Banksia, 1937-1949); instructor (Mount Colah, 1954-1958)
===''WHITBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Roy Whitburn|Whitburn, Douglas Roy &quot;Doug&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-3JX] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5BY Adelaide (Toorak, 1927-1931; Fullarton, 1933-1939; Rosefield, 1946-1947; Fullarton, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 312, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosefield, 1943)
* [[/Robert Philip Whitburn|Whitburn, Robert Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBF-5XB] - 1896(NSW)-1991(NSW)94yo - Licences: XACJ Sydney (Leichhardt, 1913-1914); 2DK Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922); 2DK Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chairmaker (Leichhardt, 1930-1968); retired (West Ryde, 1972-1980)
===''WHITE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Matthews White|White, Alfred Matthews]] - 1894(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Receive Winton (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tranby, Winton, 1915-1958); retired (Buderim, Qld, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles Robert White|White, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-S5H] - 1911(SA)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 5MX Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 802, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edwin Harold White|White, Edwin Harold &quot;Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-QGH] - 1911(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1933-1939); 4EW Mackay (1946-1950); 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1954-1956); 5OW &amp; 8OW Darwin (1956-1963); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1963-1965); 4OW Mt Isa (1969); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1141, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 250, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, Fortress Signals); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Red Hill, 1934-1936); radio technician (Longreach, 1937); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1943; Mackay, 1949); communications officer (Archerfield, 1954); public servant (Red Hill, 1963; Mt Isa, 1968; Red Hill, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank Philip White|White, Frank Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSJ-9NF] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 189, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank Roy White|White, Frank Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4P-LVT] - 1911(NSW)-1994(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 5, 1934; 1COCP 12, 1934 - beam wireless operator (AWA); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Ryde, 1933-1935); telegraphist (Roseville, 1936-1937; Ryde, 1943-1968)

===''WHITELAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Roy Whitelaw|Whitelaw, Charles Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99WD-7NY] - 1891(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: XMO Melbourne (Rosedale, 1913-1914); 3BH Melbourne (Mooroolbark, 1923-1925); 3BH Stawell (1925); 3BH Benalla (1925-1927); 3BH Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931); 3BH Woomelang (1933); 3BH Melbourne (Mornington 1937-1939); 3BH (Harrisfield, 1946-1947; Dandenong, 1948; Noble Park, 1954-1955; Boronia, 1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 87, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; fire brigade and railway stationmaster; WW1 (AFC, Wireless Operator, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Creswick, 1914); assistant stationmaster (Ravenswood, 1919); stationmaster (Mooroolbark, 1922-1924); railway employee (Timboon, 1925); stationmaster (Benalla, 1925-1927; Mitcham, 1931; Euroa, 1942; Harrisfield, 1949-1954)
===''WHITING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Ambrose Whiting|Whiting, Reginald Ambrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR6-XDQ] - 1911(SA)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Torrensville, 1932-1933); 3MZ Melbourne (East Preston, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 988, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (South Yarra, Vic, 1934; Essendon, Vic, 1937); fitter &amp; turner (Preston, Vic, 1942-1968); fitter (Preston, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''WHITLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gough Whitlam|Whitlam, Edward Gough &quot;Gough&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VH-8BJ] - 1916(Vic)-2014(NSW) - Prime Minister (1972-1975), WW2 (RAAF, Flight Lieutenant, navigator &amp; bomb aimer, 1942-1945) - Electoral Rolls: student (Glebe, 1943); barrister (Cronulla, 1949; Cabramatta, 1958-1963; Red Hill, 1977; Double Bay, 1980) - executive oversight of the introduction of community radio in Australia - Links: [[w:Gough Whitlam|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Lewis Alfred John Whitlam|Whitlam, Lewis Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYY1-BBB] - 1904(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer's assistant (Brisbane City, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1943-1968); engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. Wicks|Wicks, C.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQK Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WILDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril George Wildman|Wildman, Cyril George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMG3-GNP] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1931; Moreland, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; East Brunswick, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 624, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 422, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Melbourne, 1927; Fitzroy North, 1931; Coburg, 1934-1942); electrical engineer (Brunswick East, 1977-1980)

===''WILKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Winstanley Wilkin|Wilkin, John Winstanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LX-1P7] - 1891(NZ)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5JW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1928; Osmond, 1931; Glen Osmond, 1933; North Walkerville, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; likely qualified in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Toorak, SA, 1939-1943)

===''WILKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wilkins|Wilkins, Arthur]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AW Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1927; East St Kilda, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 375, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous Arthur Wilkins, specific to be identified

===''WILKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Angus Wilkinson|Wilkinson, Dudley Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR41-Q53] - 1919(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5WD Adelaide (Frewville, 1935-1939; College Park, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1455, 1935, SA; BOCP 182, 1938; 1COCP 284, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hawthorn, SA, 1941; Ballarat, Vic, 1942)

===''WILLIAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Williams|Williams, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1930-1931); 5BO Adelaide (Ottaway, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 659, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AEWs in SA
* [[/Alex Elisha Williams|Williams, Alex Elisha]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JC-RN9] - 1913(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3KT Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1062, 1932, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Elsternwick, 1936-1937; Camberwell, 1943-1949; Highfield Park, 1954); school teacher (Frankston, 1967-1968); teacher (Frankston, 1972-1980)
* [[/Alfred Keith Williams|Williams, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-3SS] - 1905(WA)-1932(WA) - Licences: 6AW Collie (1929-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 502, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture S. operator (Collie, 1930) 
* [[/Ernest Arthur Williams|Williams, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKNS-QYG] - 1888(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2QY Receive Wollongong (1923); 2QY Wollongong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Wollongong, 1913, 1930-1958); retired (Wollongong, 1968)
* [[/Harold Parkyn Williams|Williams, Harold Parkyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7CW-DGX] - 1881(Qld)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - first general manager of ABC - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/williams-harold-parkyn-9112 ADB]
* [[/J. E. Williams|Williams, J. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DQ Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: many contemporaneous JEWs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Henry Williams|Williams, John Henry Jnr &quot;Johnny&quot; &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP3D-8NG] - 1880(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Mackay (1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 507, 1929, No ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: iron monger? (Mackay, 1925-1943) - established commercial broadcaster 4MK Mackay 1931
* [[/Leslie Samuel Barnes Williams|Williams, Leslie Samuel Barnes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-X56] - 1896(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4LS Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1930-1933); 4LS Toogoolawah (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 630, 1930, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: naval signalman (Cape Moreton, 1917-1922); saddler (Indooroopilly, 1925-1931); boot repairer (Toogoolawah, 1934-1958); retired (Taringa, 1963-1972) 
* [[/Neville Williams|Williams, Neville]] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199701.pdf EA]

===''WILLIAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Joseph Augustine Williamson|Williamson, Cecil Joseph Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K879-9HC] - 1925(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2CW Yass (1929-1931); 2ALS Yass (1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 525, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Yass, 1930-1949); farmer (Trundle, 1949); mechanic (Orange, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frederick Lerpiniere Williamson|Williamson, Frederick Lerpiniere]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6L-GCH] - 1896(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5AH Receive Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922); 5AH Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922-1927; Collinswood, 1928, 1948-1955); also dealer licence 5BT Adelaide 1925-1926 for Kauper, Austin &amp; Williamson - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 22, 1924, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 284, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Hubert Gordon Williamson|Williamson, Hubert Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7J-YQP] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3GW Rainbow (1927-1939, 1946-1960), 3GW Lalor (1965-1969), 3GW Melbourne (East Doncaster, 1975-1980), 3GH Rainbow (1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 342, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), (1COCP 593, 1942), amateur broadcaster
* Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian - See Marjorie Lilian Hutchings
===''WILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Oliver Willis|Willis, Harold Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-NLZ] - 1898(Vic)-1976(WA) - Licences: 6OW Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1931); 6AM Perth (South Fremantle, 1933); 6HW Perth (South Fremantle, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 675, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: baker (South Fremantle, 1925-1968)

===''WILLMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert Willmott|Willmott or Wilmot, Thomas Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD6-TB4] - 1886(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Receive South Grafton (1922); 2ZO South Grafton (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 48, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Grafton South, 1930-1943)
===''WILLOUGHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lancelot Willoughby|Willoughby, Eric Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR88-Q5X] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BM Adelaide (Penrhyn, 1932-1939); 5GO Adelaide (Unley, 1948); 3FB Noojee (1954-1956); 3FB Neerim Junction (1960); 4EW Booval (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1035, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Penrhyn, SA, 1939-1943); farmer (Noojee, Vic, 1949-1954); PMG Linesman (Booval, Qld, 1963-1968); PMG (Booval, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WILSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Wilson|Wilson, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DL Receive Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Darius Joseph Wilson|Wilson, Darius Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZR-GJ4] - 1901(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DW Sydney (Leichhardt, 1929-1931; Lidcombe, 1933; Five Dock, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Warwick Farm, 1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 548, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: french polisher (Leichhardt, 1930; Five Dock, 1943-1949); no occupation (Five Dock, 1954); french polisher (Yagoona, 1954-1968); polisher (Yagoona, 1972-1977)
* [[/Horace Benjamin Wilson|Wilson, Horace Benjamin &quot;Ben&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-71R] - 1911(WA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5WB Adelaide (Wayville, 1930-1937; Unley Park, 1938-1939); 2BP Sydney (McMahons Point, 1946-1948; West Ryde, 1950-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 586, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 161, 1934; 2COCP 33, 1935; 1COCP 72, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Unley Park, 1939); recording engineer (McMahons Point, 1949); business manager (West Ryde, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Gratton Wilson|Wilson, Leonard Gratton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQN8-3K6] - 1901(NSW)-1990(WA) - Licences: 6LG Perth (Inglewood, 1928; South Perth, 1930-1931; Como, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 429, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: vigneron (Caversham, 1925); police constable (South Perth, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); constable (Albany, 1943-1949); police constable (Como, 1954-1958)
* [[/Leslie Maclean Wilson|Wilson, Leslie Maclean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRH5-9TL] - 1893(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2LM  Marsden (1924-1926), 2LM Sydney (Cremorne, 1927), 2LM Mudgee (1928-1939), 2LM Port Macquarie (1960-1969+), amateur operator (AOCP 33, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, pastoralist
* [[/Perry Allen Wilson|Wilson, Perry Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AT Receive Eumundi (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motordriver (Eumundi, Qld, 1925-1934); garage proprietor (Eumundi, Qld, 1936-1943)
* [[/Victor John Wilson|Wilson, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-NPY] - 1909(Qld)-2009(Qld)99yo - Licences: Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923); 4VW Brisbane (Newstead, 1937-1939); 4VW Nambour (1960); 4VW Brisbane (Everton Park, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1100, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Newstead, Qld, 1931-1937; Nambour, Qld, 1958; Everton Park, Qld, 1963-1980) 
* [[/Warne Alfred George Wilson|Wilson, Warne Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKLN-Y39] - 1900(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3RY Receive Ballarat (1923); 3RY Ballarat (1924-1925); 3WA Ballarat (1928-1939, 1946-1960); 3KV Ballarat (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 444, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 20, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1924); radio engineer (Ballarat, 1927-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Elvyn Wilson|Wilson, Wilfred Elvyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-MB4] - 1880(Eng)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JI Receive Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1923); 2JI Sydney (Roseville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Roseville, 1930-1963)

===''WING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James John Wing|Wing, William James John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDHH-WKW] - 1887(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 188, 1916; 2COCP 142, 1930; 1COCP 212, 1931 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (CPO, 1917-1918); AWA - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hotel Metropole, Thursday Island, Qld, 1914); wireless engineer operator (Radio Station, Applecross, WA, 1917); radiotelegraphist (Cooktown, 1921); business manager (Epping, 1930); sales manager (Epping, 1933-1936; Roseville, 1937; Chatswood, 1943-1949); manager (Melbourne, 1954)
===''WINTERFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton Winterford|Winterford, Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3ML-FJH] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Canada?) - Licences: 4MF Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1931); 4MF Southport (1933); 4MF Sarina (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 363, 1927, No. 40 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Annerley, 1931); mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); electrician (Sarina, 1943); electrical contractor (Broadbeach, 1949)

===''WISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Wise|Wise, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDS-D87] - 1853(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - politician (Postmaster-General, 1920-1921) - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Sale, 1905-1949) - Links: [[w:George Wise (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
===''WISEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Cleave Wiseman|Wiseman, William James Cleave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2M-ZP8] - 1906(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5WJ Port Lincoln (1931-1939); 5WJ Ceduna (1947-1948); 5WJ Adelaide (Parafield, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 759, 1931, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 485, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Port Lincoln, SA, 1939-1941); aeradio operator (Ceduna, SA, 1943)

===''WISHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Turner Wishart|Wishart, William Turner &quot;Bill, Billy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ3-J9S] - 1900(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4WT Brisbane (Graceville, 1931-1939); 6TW Perth (Claremont/Floreat Park, 1946-1948); 4WX Brisbane (St Lucia, 1965-1969; Margate 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 870, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, federal councillor) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Red Hill, Qld, 1921); optical mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1925; Graceville, Qld, 1928-1937); audiometrist (Floreat Park, WA, 1949; Darlington, WA, 1949); retired (Wynnum North, Qld, 1972; Margate, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''WITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Herbert Witt|Witt, Sidney Herbert &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-BDV] - 1892(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3MZ Receive Melbourne (Camberwell, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1914-1916); electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1922); engineer (Brighton, 1925-1943; Glen Iris, 1958-1968; Burwood, 1972)) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/witt-sidney-herbert-12059 ADB]

===''WOLFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hamilton Bennett Wolfe|Wolfe, Hamilton Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H2-8K6] - 1886(Vic)-1956(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 193, 1916; 2COCP 242, 1930; 1COCP 213, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bairnsdale, Vic, 1908-1912); wireless telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925-1926); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1936-1949); retired (Nedlands, WA, 1954)

===''WOLFENDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Wolfenden|Wolfenden, Peter]] - 3ZPA Strathmore (1965) - amateur operator, historian (amateur, amateur broadcasting), journalist (WIA's &quot;Amateur Radio&quot;)

===''WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Wood|Wood, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M8-2V1] - 1909(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RQ Ipswich (1927-1931); 4PW Ipswich (1933-1939); 2EPW Banora Point - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 359, 1927, No. 39 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN, AR); engineer (IREE) - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Ipswich, 1931); radio dealer (Ipswich, 1937-1949; East Ipswich, 1954-1968); electrical dealer (Banora Point, 1977-1980)
===''WOODLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Woodley|Woodley, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-CYY] - 1909(???)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6BY Perth (West Leederville, 1930-1931); 6DJ Perth (Carlisle, 1946-1948; Victoria Park, 1954-1956; Maniana, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 680, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Claremont, 1936-1937); mechanic (Victoria Park, 1943); radio mechanic (Carlisle, 1949; Victoria Park, 1954; Maniana, 1963-1980) - Callsign possibly withdrawn for commercial

===''WOOKEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Bruce Wookey|Wookey, Robert Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DP1-GVW] - 1907(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Receive Geelong (1923-1924), 3RW Geelong (1925-1927), 3IC Geelong (1948-1974), amateur operator (AOCP 146, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk

===''WOOLACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Prosser Woolacott|Woolacott, Francis Prosser &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFL-94T] - 1903(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2ST Receive Sydney (Drummoyne, 1923-1924), 2FW Sydney (Drummoyne, 1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 119, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WOOLLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edgar Woollett|Woollett, David Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-HDP] - 1920(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2ZDE Sydney (Beverley Hills, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 202, 1956; AOCP 4292, 1965, NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone technician (Beverley Hills, 1949-1972; Narwee, 1977-1980)
* [[/N. Woollett|Woollett, N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Mosman, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 276, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ?
===''WOOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Ronald Woolley|Woolley, Leon Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L214-JQH] - 1898(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4FW Ipswich (1931); 4FW Townsville (1933); 4FW Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 751, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, ATC); employment (school teacher) - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Bell, Qld, 1919-1921; Newtown, Qld, 1925; Kia Ora, Townsville, 1931; Newtown, Qld 1934-1963)

===''WOOLNOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Stephen Woolnough|Woolnough, Archibald Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CG-9PK] - 1909(Vic)-2004(Vic) - Licences: 3BW Portarlington (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 519, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: business proprietor (Portarlington, 1931-1980) 
* [[/Walter Lyell Woolnough|Woolnough, Walter Lyell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CJF-LS3] - 1906(NSW)-1999(NSW) - 2GW Sydney (Killara, 1925-1927; Gordon, 1928-1930; Greenwich, 1931; Gordon, 1933-1936), 2GW Lithgow (1937-1939), Sydney (Gordon, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 153, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, licence held by father Walter George Woolnough till 1933, engineer

===''WOOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Meredith Wooster|Wooster, Horace Meredith &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Q-CGW] - 1909(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4VH Townsville (City, 1930-1939; Belgian Gardens, 1946-1948); 4VH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 623, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (Qld Railways, telegraphist; Qld Main Roads Dept); military (Army signals officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1931-1932; Norman Park, 1937; Townsville, 1943-1949; Yeronga, 1954-1980)

===''WORRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Albert Worrall|Worrall, Leonard Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTL5-L1L] - 1912(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 2XM Sydney (Parramatta, 1933-1934; Punchbowl, 1935-1936); 4XM Cairns (1937-1939); 4WL Brisbane (Stafford Heights, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1221, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Punchbowl, NSW, 1934-1936; Cairns, Qld, 1937); bank clerk (Wynnum, Qld, 1943); clerk (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954-1963); bank manager (Tarragindi, Qld, 1968); manager (Stafford Heights, Qld, 1972-1977)
===''WORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Worth|Worth, Sydney or Sidney Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBH-5Z3] - 1905(WA)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6SW Perth (Rivervale, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 958, 1927; 2COCP 223, 1930; 1COCP 226, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rivervale, WA, 1931); wireless operator (Nedlands, WA, 1936-1958)

===''WRAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward James Crawford Wraith|Wraith, Edward James Crawford &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KV2C-11D] - 1862(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Early wireless experimenter

===''WRATTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn James Wratten|Wratten, Mervyn James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-DV8] - 1918(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4MW Ipswich (Brassall, 1937-1939; North Ipswich, 1946-1947; Brassall, 1948-1980+); 4LX Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1956-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1932, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Ipswich ARC); military (WW2, CMF, AIF); employment (Cribb &amp; Foote, manager, radio section); business proprietor (Avon Theatre) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Brassall, Qld, 1943-1977; North Ipswich, Qld, 1980)

===''WRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Milroy Percy Wray|Wray, Ronald Milroy Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-QYM] - 1909(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2WX Sydney (Hurstville, 1929-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 472, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified
===''WREFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roger Norman Wreford|Wreford, Roger Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-N2X] - 1909(WA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 2ADC Broken Hill (1936-1937); 5RW Adelaide (Blackwood, 1938-1939; Mitcham, 1947-1954; South Brighton, 1955-1960; Crafers, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1714, 1936, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5DW-6IW Arthur Franklin Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Broken Hill, NSW, 1935-1936; Blackwood, SA, 1939; Mitcham, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Arthur Franklin Wreford|Wreford, Arthur Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3V1-92S] - 1898(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5DW Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1937-1939; Cumberland, 1947-1954); 6IW Perth (Armadale, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2037, 1937, SA; 2COCP 452, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Brother of 2ADC-5RW Roger Norman Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Kensington Gardens, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941; Cumberland, SA, 1943); civil servant (Gosnells, WA, 1954); technician (Armadale, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au/browse/person/133040 NAA]

===''WRIEDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Sjoberg Albert Wriede|Wriede, George Sjoberg Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKG2-VK8] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4DJ Receive Caboolture (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Cooroy, 1921; Miriam Vale, 1925-1958); retired (Gladstone, 1963)
===''WRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Wright|Wright, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SS Receive Scarborough (1923); 2SS Scarborough (1924-1925); 2SS Coledale (1926-1933); 2SS Coolah (1933); 2SE Scarborough (1935-1936); 2SE Louth/Bourke (1937-1938); 2SE Walgett (1939); 2SE Willow Tree (1946); 2SE Stanmore (1947-1950); 2SE Sydney (Guildford, 1954-1961); 2SE Quirindi (1965) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 118, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous Albert Edward Wrights in NSW, needs specific data to identify - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/A. W. H. Wright|Wright, A. W. H. &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 5BW Adelaide, 3AAW, 4TU Garbutt (-1950+, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Collis Page Wright|Wright, Collis Page]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1P-P9L] - 1912(Tas)-2004(Tas) - Licences: 7LZ Launceston (1933-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1099, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Launceston, 1936-1937); salesman (Launceston, 1943); draper (Launceston, 1949-1968)
* [[/Eric John Wright|Wright, Eric John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-P2G] - 1904(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Brisbane (Annerley, 1936-1939; Windsor, 1947; Buranda, 1948; Annerley, 1954; Buranda, 1955-1956; Ekibin, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1816, 1936, Qld; 3COCP 1471, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Annerley, Qld, 1937-1943; Annerley, Qld, 1949); waterside worker (Ekibin, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Frederick Harold Wright|Wright, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF95-LW1] - 1910(Eng)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6FR Perth (Buckland Hill, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, 1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1809, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Buckland Hill, WA, 1936; Mosman Park, WA, 1943-1963) 
* [[/William Henry Hilsdon Wright|Wright, William Henry Hilsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVF-RKL] - 1905(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4FA Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Murrays Creek, 1930; Ballandean, 1937-1949); teacher (Toowoomba, 1954-1963)

===''WYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Agar Wynne|Wynne, Agar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-6CN] - 1850(Eng)-1934(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1913-1914)
* [[/Alfred Percy Wynne|Wynne, Alfred Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L858-Q52] - 1885(Qld)-1966(Qld) - proprietor music business (Wynne's Music, Maryborough), proprietor broadcasting station (4MB Maryborough) - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Paddington, 1908; Mooloolah, 1909); commercial traveller (Mooloolah, 1912); piano tuner (Maryborough, 1913); salesman (Brisbane, 1916-1917; Mooloolah, 1919; Maryborough, 1919-1925); music store proprietor (Maryborough, 1928-1949); business manager (Maryborough, 1963)

=='''X'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;

=='''Y'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''YATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Gordon Yates|Yates, Kenneth Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-CJ3] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (Cottonville, 1939, 1947-1954; Westbourne Park, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2371, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Cottonville, SA, 1939-1943) 
* [[/Reginald Colin Yates|Yates, Reginald Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-QX6] - 1914(SA)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 5RY Wyalla (1935-1937); 2AGZ Wollongong (1938-1939, 1947); 2AGZ Sydney (Mosman, 1948-1950); 2AGZ Broken Hill (1954-1957); 2AGZ Newcastle (Hamilton, 1958-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1474, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1943); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949); engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1954); chartered electrical engineer (Merewether, NSW, 1958); professional engineer (Charlestown, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''YEATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Melville Yeates|Yeates, Henry Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G698-PXG] - 1912(Tas)-1980(???) - Licences: 7HY Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1621, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical contractor (Launceston, 1949-1954); salesman (Mosman, NSW, 1958-1977)

===''YORSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Sutherland Yorston|Yorston, Ernest Sutherland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY8-46D] - 1909(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3ES Melbourne (Caulfield, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 299, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1931-1937); sales (Caulfield, 1942; Elsternwick, 1949); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1954-1963); director (Oakleigh, 1967-1968)
===''YOUNG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Harold Young|Young, Ivan Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L118-BVF] - 1910(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4YG Brisbane (Albion) (1930-1939); 4YH Brisbane (Mitchelton) (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 708, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 315, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio technician (Mission Control Station, Thursday Island) - Electoral Rolls: nil (Albion, 1931-1937); public servant (Newmarket, 1943; Mitchelton, 1949-1980)
* [[/James Wolstenholme Young|Young, James Wolstenholme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TQ-Z2R] - 1909(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2JY Sydney (Turramurra, 1925-1934; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2JY Katoomba (1946); 2JY Sydney (Mona Vale, 1947-1948; Willoughby, 1950-1961; Middle Cove, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 189, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: articled clerk (Turramurra, 1932-1934), solicitor (Roseville, 1937; Katoomba, 1943; Willoughby, 1954-1977)
* [[/John William Young|Young, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6RN-2XX] - 1906(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4JY Brisbane (Rosalie, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Rosalie, 1938; Coorparoo, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 752, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Rosalie, 1931); clerk (Sandgate, 1936); storeman (Rosalie, 1937; Coorparoo, 1943-1963); commercial traveller (Coorparoo, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Anderson Young|Young, William Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89P-B3K] - 1897(Sct)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (West End, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 330, 1927, No. 34 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boot employee (West End, 1925-1937); bootmaker (Ashgrove, 1943-1954)

=='''Z'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ZECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Zech|Zech, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-YJG] - 1893(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XABQ Sydney (Annandale, 1912-1914), 2DL Sydney (Annandale, 1922, Receive), 2WZ Sydney (Annandale, 1925-1927; Ashfield, 1928-1930; Stanmore, 1933-1934), 2ACP Sydney (Enmore, 1937; Como, 1938), 2ACP Katoomba 1939 &amp; 1946-1975) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 424; no record of AOCP - early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>a2r6fj96gs7gl7g71miw1idlis2b1fo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088371</id>
      <parentid>4088370</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T21:09:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Samuel.dellit</username>
        <id>1387936</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* EDWARDS */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1267640" xml:space="preserve">{{incomplete}}
{{WikipediaCredit}}

{{CompactTOC8|side=yes}}

Thumbnail Radio Biographies sorted alphabetically by surname

'''Many of the stars of Australia's Radio Universe'''

'''Covering the full gamut from hypergiants to brown dwarfs'''

'''Each lit the way forward to broadcasting in Australia'''

=='''A'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ABBISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Frederick Abbiss|Abbiss, John Edwin Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZJ-6H9] - 1907(Eng)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Balmoral, 1930; Morningside, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 581, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Evans Deakin shipyards) - Halcyon: p. 83, Abiss - Electoral Rolls: engineering draftsman (Morningside, 1936); draftsman (Coorparoo, 1937; Morningside, 1949-1977) 
===''ABBOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Nicholson Abbott|Abbott, Reginald Nicholson or Nicolson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FTG] - 1897(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3VR Melbourne (Alphington, 1923-1927); 3ABB Melbourne (Caulfield, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 273, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Alphinton, 1925-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949); technician (Caulfield, 1954-1977)
* [[/Roy Edgar Abbott|Abbott, Roy Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6MT-CZX] - 1902(NSW)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 2YK Dorrigo (1930-1931); 2YK Telegraph Point (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 668, 1921; AOCP, not yet identified; 2COCP 179, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Dorrigo, 1930; Telegraph Point, 1933-1937; Mittagong, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Thomas Kingsmill Abbott|Abbott, Thomas Kingsmill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHFH-4FH] - 1891(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 2TK Wingen (1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely military) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Graziers' Assoc NSW) - Comment: beware other contemporaneous TK Abbotts - Electoral Rolls: overseer (Muralla, 1913); grazier (Wollongong, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/209607 Obit]
===''ABRAHAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Abrahams|Abrahams, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G836-Y6P] - 1903(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3FA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6089, 1966 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (St Kilda, 1925-1931); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1935-1936; Malvern, 1943-1967; Toorak, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of Louis Henry Abrahams
* [[/Louis Henry Abrahams|Abrahams, Louis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GJ-GZP] - 1889(Vic)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1; director (Victorian Radio Interests Ltd); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: potter (Brunswick, 1909); tobacconist (South Yarra, 1912-1921); manufacturer (St Kilda, 1924-1926); burner (Brunswick, 1937-1942) - Relationships: brother of 3FA Frank Abrahams

===''ACKERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Adam Ackerman|Ackerman, Joseph Adam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZV-49L] - 1911(NSW)-1993(Qld) - Licences: 2ALG Sydney (Carlton, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2ALG Wentworthville (1950); 2ALG Sydney (Parramatta, 1954-1958; North Rocks, 1960-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2229, 1938, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Paddington, 1932; Annandale, 1933-1936; Kogarah, 1937-1943; Carlton, 1949); clerk (Parramatta, 1954-1958); senior supervisor (Wentworthville, 1963; Epping, 1968-1972); retired (Sans Souci, 1977; Hurstville, 1980)
===''ACKLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Daniel Ackling|Ackling, Harold Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD5F-8RK] - 1892(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2PX Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 612, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Randwick, 1913); machinist (Bankstown, 1930-1980)
===''ACKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Frederick Gloucester Ackland|Ackland, Stanley Frederick Gloucester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5PB-C2Y] - 1904(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Prospect, 1923); 5SF Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1931; Linden Park, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 21, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Burnside, 1939-1943)

===''ADAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Adams|Adams, Frank John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-29V] - 1880(Eng)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3XO Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3XO Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 155, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; manager - Electoral Rolls: motor garage proprietor (Brighton, 1913); garage proprietor (Elsternwick, 1919-1921; Brighton, 1922-1924); manager (Brighton, 1925-1954); nil (Brighton, 1963-1968)
* [[/Peter Harry Arthur Adams|Adams, Peter Harry Arthur &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3N-XMC] - 1909(NSW)-1984(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Sydney (Cremorne, 1923-1924); 2JX Sydney (Cremorne, 1927; Manly, 1929; Cremorne, 1930; Gordon, 1931; Woolahra, 1933; Epping, 1933; Cremorne, 1935-1936; Thornleigh, 1937; Waverton, 1938-1939; Denistone, 1946-1947; Avalon Beach, 1948-1950); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1954-1961); 2JX Sydney (Pymble, 1965-1969); 2JX Nambucca Heads (1975); 2JX Wentworth Falls (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 380, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933); labourer (Epping, 1934); engineer (St Kilda, 1934); radio engineer (Thornleigh, 1937; Darlinghurst, 1943); engineer (Avalon Beach, 1949; Wentworth Falls, 1958); retired (Valla Beach, 1972-1977; Wentworth Falls, 1980)
===''ADAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Kenneth Adamson|Adamson, William Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MLXZ-HX5] - 1905(SA)-1982(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923-1924); 5WA Adelaide (Parkside, 1925-1927; Fullarton, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 135, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''AGNEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Gordon Carlisle Agnew|Agnew, Robert Gordon Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDKK-D8Y] - 1904(WA)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6RA Perth (Nedlands, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 721, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (North Perth, WA, 1925; Nedlands, WA, 1931-1972)

===''AKEROYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gordon Akeroyd|Akeroyd, Arthur Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F2-JXL] - 1890(Vic)-1948(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Meteorologist, Forecasting and Statistical Division, Victoria) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1915); meteorologist (Northcote, 1921-1937); civil servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/akeroyd-arthur-gordon-9321 ADB]

===''ALDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Oscar Edward Alder|Alder, Oscar Edward &quot;Ock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ2-D3P] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4JB Brisbane (Albion, 1928-1939, 1946-1948; Chermside, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 423, 1928, No. 47 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wool classer - Halcyon: p. 28, 84, 137 - Electoral Rolls: student (Albion, 1919); wool classer (Albion, 1925-1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); warehouse assistant (Chermside, 1949-1980)
===''ALDERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Zerbini Alderman|Alderman, Valentine Zerbini]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVL-F8N] - 1893(SA)-1919(SA) - Licences: XVC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALEXANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Talbot Meredith Alexander|Alexander, Talbot Meredith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1FJ-MZN] - 1888(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4TM Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1931-1933); 4TM Townsville (North Ward, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 315, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kew, Vic, 1912-1914); wireless instructor (Melbourne City, 1925-1926); superintendent wireless (Glenferrie, Vic, 1926-1927); sales representative (City, Brisbane, 1928); business manager (North Ward, Qld, 1936-1937); instructor (Paddington, Qld, 1943); commercial traveller (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949; New Farm, 1954-1958); retired (Moorooka, 1968-1977)

===''ALLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus John Allan|Allan, Angus John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2C-YWF] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5UL Adelaide (Ovingham, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2013, 1937, SA; 1COCP 458, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ovingham, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/John Allan|Allan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-PFG] - 1905(Sct)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Chermside, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1938, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous JAs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ALLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Mason Allard|Allard, George Mason]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HT-JMV] - 1866(Eng)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman of Directors (AWA); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Honours: knighted; K.B. - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Wahroonga, 1930-1937); accountant (Wahroonga, 1943-1949) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allard-sir-george-mason-4999 ADB]

===''ALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Allen|Allen, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69B-SGR] - 1902(Tas)-1969(Tas) - Licences: 7PA Hobart (New Town, 1933-1937; Moonah, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1171, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 7AL Thomas Arthur Allen - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (New Town, 1928-1936; Moonah, 1937-1954)
* [[/George Alexander Allen|Allen, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3H-DJK] - 1891(Sct)-1965(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 49, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Kenneth Douglas Allen|Allen, Kenneth Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N5-19J] - 1907(WA)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 2GX Sydney (West Ryde, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 648, 1930, NSW; 3COCP 4263, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Army, Royal Australian Engineers, Lieutenant, 1940) - Education: BSc (Syd Uni, 1933) - Electoral Rolls: student (West Ryde, 1930-1935); director (Woolwich, 1936-1937); soldier (Woolwich, 1943); engineer (Woolwich, 1963-1972; Hunters Hill, 1977; Gladesville, 1980)
* [[/Robert Kelvin Allen|Allen, Robert Kelvin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTK-TH9] - 1916(Qld)-1942(Indonesia) - Licences: 4PR Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1634, 1936, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 13 Squadron, Pilot Officer), (Halcyon, p. 177) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/allen-robert-kelvin-404945/]
* [[/Thomas Arthur Allen|Allen, Thomas Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SQ-9YN] - 1916(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7AL Hobart (New Town, 1936-1939, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne,1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1738, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 7PA Albert Edward Allen - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1943-1954); director (Lindisfarne, 1963-1972)
===''ALLINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Thirlmier John Allinson|Allinson, Lancelot Thirlmier John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L81B-F4P] - 1896(NSW)-1961(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 804, 1924 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radiotelegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Broome, WA, 1931; Como, WA, 1931; South Perth, WA, 1936-1943; Broome, WA, 1949-1954); telegraphist (Esperance, WA, 1958)
===''ALLSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Cottam Allsop|Allsop, Raymond Cottam &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJLT-SNJ] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XCA Sydney (Randwick, 1911-1914); 2YG Sydney (Randwick, 1924; Coogee 1924-1929; Roseville, 1930); 2AYG Sydney (Roseville, 1946-1947+); 2NA Sydney (Roseville, 1961); 2BL Sydney (Roseville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW); broadcaster (2BL, chief engineer); journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1920s); military (RAN Volunteer Reserve, Lieutenant; WW2 (RAN, Engineer Lieutenant); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 (obo Broadcasters Sydney Ltd; federal public servant (ABCB, member, 1953-1954) - Honours: Coronation Medal, 1937; OBE, 1971 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1930); engineer (Roseville, 1933; Gordon, 1937; Roseville, 1943); electronic engineer (Roseville, 1949); director (South Yarra, 1954); engineer (Roseville, 1958-1968) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/allsop-raymond-cottam-ray-9344 ADB]; [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199001.pdf EA]
===''ALSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Russell Alsop|Alsop, John Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB3-WXQ] - 1906(Vic)-1973(Vic) - 3MI Melbourne (Kew, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 76, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''AMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Edgar Ames|Ames, Clement Edgar &quot;Clem&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDX-JF8] - 1889(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: XVG Adelaide (Torrensville, 1913-1914); 5AV Adelaide (Kent Town, 1923; Hindmarsh, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator 5WI (1925) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Allenby Gardens, 1939-43)

===''ANCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Leslie Finion Ancher|Ancher, Norman Leslie Finion or Tinian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-MCQ] - 1910(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 5NA Adelaide (Mile End, 1937-1939); 2NH Sydney (Lindfield, 1946-1947; Mosman, 1948-1954; Cremorne, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2057, 1937, SA; BOCP 476, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Chatswood, NSW, 1934); sound engineer (West Maitland, NSW, 1936); engineer (Mile End, SA, 1939; Rose Park, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949; Cremorne, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Cremorne, NSW, 1972); technical officer (Lane Cove, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''ANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Ronald Anderson|Anderson, Alexander Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-L6J] - 1914(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5GM Adelaide (Eastwood, 1936-1939, 1947; Payneham South, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1700, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Eastwood, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Andrew Oswald Anderson|Anderson, Andrew Oswald &quot;Oswald&quot;, &quot;Andy&quot;, &quot;A.O.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-Z8L] - 1885(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Mosman, 1913); manager (Rose Bay, 1930; Vaucluse, 1934-1935) - Links: [https://ozvta.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/anderson-oswald-1062017.pdf Bio]
* [[/Eric William Alfred Anderson|Anderson, Eric William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WX-744] - 1908(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3KH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1928-1931; Glen Iris, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 424, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); engineer (Camberwell, 1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1968; Burwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frederic Brian Anderson|Anderson, Frederic Brian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YN-TYJ] - 1918(Eng)-2008(SA)90yo - Licences: 5FA Tanunda (1934-1939); 5FA Waikerie (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1351, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tanunda, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/G. R. Anderson|Anderson, G. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Gilberton, 1923); 5GA Adelaide (Highgate, 1931-1933; Myrtle Bank, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Francis Anderson|Anderson, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JJ-WFL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JA Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3JA Nullawarre (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 661, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Warrnambool, 1936; Nullawarre, 1937-1980)- Comment: Several contemporaneous JFAs
* [[/Keith Sydney Anderson|Anderson, Keith Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-8J9] - 1911(WA)-1944(Vic) - Licences: 6KS Perth (North Perth, 1935); 6KS Mt Magnet (1937); 6KS Perth (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1487, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, 2nd/1st Infantry Battalion, Private) - Electoral rolls: bank officer (Mt Magnet, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/618137 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1691738 Roll of Honour]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10295040 AWM]
* [[/Maurice Bernard Anderson|Anderson, Maurice Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC3V-WL9] - 1908(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1923-1924); 5MA Adelaide (Cheltenham, 1925-1928); 3AMA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 103, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; fitter - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, Qld, 1931-1937)
* [[/Percy James Anderson|Anderson, Percy James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WN-6Y7] - 1908(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PA Melbourne (Westgarth, 1928-1933; West Preston, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PA Dooen (1965-1969); 3PA Geelong (Wallington, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 428, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Westgarth, 1934); engineer (Preston, 1936-1963); technician (Horsham, 1967-1968); retired (Wallington, 1972-1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3JR Christopher James Rainbow
* [[/Robert Arthur Crosbie Anderson|Anderson, Robert Arthur Crosbie &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VK-GZN] - 1908(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3WY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Burwood, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 691, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Camberwell, 1931-1949; Glen Iris, 1954-1967; Burwood, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''ANEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Anear|Anear, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XLK-9D6] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5LK Carrow (1929-1931); 9WZ Momote, Admiralty Islands (1954); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1955); 3AGF Melbourne (Laverton, 1960); 5WZ Adelaide (Parkside, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 556, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as Francis George Anear

===''ANGEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Benjamin Angel|Angel, Henry Benjamin &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWW-K4Y] - 1891(Eng)-1998(Qld, 106yo) - Licences: 4HA Brisbane (St Lucia, 1935-1939; Enoggera, 1946-1969; Lota, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1503, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW1, AIF Signals; WW2, AMF, Navy); business proprietor (radio service) - QSLs: Entire collection held by SLQ - Halcyon: p. 51, 60, 81, 163 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919; Toowong, Qld, 1919-1925); carrier (St Lucia, Qld, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Lota, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''ANSCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Arthur Anscombe|Anscombe, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TL-7LR] - 1888(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: turner &amp; fitter (Northcote, Vic, 1912-1913; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1914); mechanic (Albert Park, Vic, 1919); manager (Box Hill, Vic, 1927-1943)

===''ANTHONY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Henry Anthony|Anthony, Michael Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK3H-6B7] - 1894(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); telegraphist (Prahran, 1921-1924); clerk (Oakleigh, 1934); railway employee (Sandringham, Vic, 1936-1942); telegraphist (Sandringham, 1954-1963)
* [[/Reginald Major Anthony|Anthony, Reginald Major &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYN-YWG] - 1908(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5CM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1937; Medindie Gardens, 1938-1939; Prospect, 1946-1960; Somerton Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 324, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Wilfred Boykett Anthony - Electoral Rolls: Nil
* [[/Wilfred Boykett Anthony|Anthony, Wilfred Boykett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYJ-3HZ] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil identified - amateur receive operator, WW2 - Relationships: Brother of Reginald Major Anthony - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Netherby, 1939-1941)

===''APPERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Apperley|Apperley, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNQ-5XG] - 1887(NZ)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 704, 1922; 1COCP 237, 1931 - NZ Gov. Telegraphs pre 1910; British Colonial Gov, 1910-1912; AWA (from 1913; Chief Marconi Wireless School 1914-1916; Works Manager 1916-1919; technical superintendent 1919-1923; OIC Beam Wireless 1924; Traffic Manager, Beam Wireless - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1922); manager (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, Vic, 1931-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1943); engineer (Manly, NSW, 1954)

===''ARCHIBALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Wilson Archibald|Archibald, Ian Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-9LC] - 1902(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2BJ Receive Tingha (1922); 2KU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1928-1939, 1946-1955; Sans Souci, 1956-1965; Noraville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 457, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 2393, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1933); engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1936-1954); chemist (Sans Souci, 1958-1963); retired (Noraville, 1968)

===''ARGAET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stanislaus Argaet|Argaet, William Stanislaus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-8Z8] - 1894(NSW)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4KH Brisbane (Wynnum, 1931-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (Wynnum bus service) - Halcyon, p. 87, 127 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, 1925); bus proprietor (Wynnum, 1928-1949)

===''ARMATI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rex Gordon Armati|Armati, Rex Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2S42-XKH] - 1899(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4DB Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1921-1928); salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); chemist's assistant (Stanton Hill, Townsville, 1936-1943); employment officer (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1954-1958; Kings Cross, 1963); shipping clerk (Surry Hills, 1968-1972)
===''ARMSTRONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Howard Armstrong|Armstrong, Edwin Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5ZX-354] - 1890(USA)-1954(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - USA inventor of the superheterodyne receiver [https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Club-of-America/Legacies-of-Edwin-Howard-Armstong-1990-11-Radio-Club-of-America.pdf RCA 1990 Special Edition]
* [[/Stanley John Armstrong|Armstrong, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4V-K7Y] - 1910?(NSW)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4ZK Brisbane (Enoggera, 1932-1933); 4SA Brisbane (Enoggera, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1004, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Windsor, Qld, 1919); clerk (Enoggera, Qld, 1922-1968)
* [[/Thomas Armstrong|Armstrong, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Q-GGZ] - 1895(Sct)-1964(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 217, 1916; 1COCP 132, 1930 - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD) - senior federal public servant (Superintendent, Wireless Branch, NSW, PMGD), promoted to role upon retirement of William Tamillas Stephen Crawford

===''ARNOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Sydney Arnold|Arnold, Albert Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M2W-ZG2] - 1882(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: XAB Sydney (Ashfield, 1911-1914) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1913-1954); company secretary (Hurlstone Park, 1958); retired (Hurlstone Park, 1963)
* [[/Edwin Charles Arnold|Arnold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8QX-H7J] - 1898(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2BY Receive Tamworth (1922); 2BY Tamworth (1923-1925); 2BY Coolah (1925-1927); 2BY Sydney (Manly, 1928; Mona Vale, 1933-1936); 2AGW Sydney (Manly, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 226, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Mona Vale, 1931-1934), clerk (Balgowlah Heights, 1943-1968)
* [[/Ernest Noel Arnold|Arnold, Ernest Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84H-8J6] - 1907(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Albury (1923-1924); 2OJ Albury (1928-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 452, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albury, 1930-1937); fruit merchant (Albury, 1949-1977)
* [[/Joseph Leslie Grahame Arnold|Arnold, Joseph Leslie Grahame &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L853-R3J] - 1912(Vic)-1991(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Launceston (City, 1934-1939; Invermay, 1946-1956; Mowbray, 1960-1969; City, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1263, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: textile worker (Launceston North, 1936-1954); mechanic (Mowbray, 1968)

===''ARTHUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Glendon Arthur|Arthur, Charles James Glendon &quot;Glen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-T62] - 1915(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences 4GJ Dayboro (1935-1939); 4GJ Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1450, 1935, Qld; BOCP?; 2COCP 493, 1941; 1COCP 639, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 80 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wagga Wagga, 1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, 1949-1980)

===''ASHBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. W. C. Ashbury|Ashbury, A. W. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Townsville (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ASHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice John Ashby|Ashby, Maurice John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX49-L1C] - 1901(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4DH Receive Dalby (1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 899, 1925; 2COCP 94, 1930; 1COCP 281, 1932 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Dalby, 1922); labourer (Greenslopes, 1925); salesman (Glebe, 1933; Northbridge, 1935-1936; Epping, 1937); radio telegraphist (New Farm, Qld, 1943); planning assistant (Haberfield, NSW, 1943; Pennant Hills, NSW, 1949; Thornleigh, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Avalon Beach, NSW, 1968-1972)

===''ASHLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Richard Ashley|Ashley, George William Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF96-CMZ] - 1919(Eng)-1999(WA) - Licences: 6GA Perth (Carlisle, 1938-1939, 1947-1954); 6GA Kalgoorlie (1955-1956); 6GA Perth (Mt Yokine, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2094, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlisle, WA, 1943-1949); communications officer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1958); clerk (Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''ASHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Robert Ashlin|Ashlin, Eric Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSRF-44C] - 1910(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4EA Brisbane (Annerley, 1931-1933); 4EA Toowoomba (1937-1939); 4EA Coolangatta (1946-1947); 4EA Bilinga (1948-1975) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 873, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Rosentengels, radio service); military (WW2; signals officer) - Halcyon: p. 73, 127, 163 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1943; Bilinga, Qld, 1949-1963); TV technician (Bilinga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''ASMUSSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Asmussen|Asmussen, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - Licences: 4ZJA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1965); 4FA Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980+) - amateur operator, JOTA participant 1960s

===''ATHELSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. N. Athelstone|Athelstone, G. N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5NG Central Australia (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Joseph Atkins|Atkins, Kenneth Joseph &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCXH-NW7] - 1912(Eng)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (Semaphore, 1932-1939; Woodville Park, 1946-1948; Eden Hills, 1954; Blackwood Park, 1955-1960; Campbelltown, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 910, 1932, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 415, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Dept. Civil Aviation) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Semaphore, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)
* [[/Leslie Morton Atkins|Atkins, Leslie Morton &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCTV-T5T] - 1876(Vic)-1949(WA) - Licences: 4LA Townsville (1924-1926); 5LA Adelaide (Magill, 1926-1931; Tusmore, 1933; Erindale, 1937-1939); seems to have operated in Townsville as 4GD ca Nov 1924? - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (telegraphist, east-west overland telegraph, Eucla, 1910); engineer (PMGD, divisional engineer) - Halcyon: AOCP Townsville 1925, p. 88 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Eucla, 1903-1910; Victoria Park, 1912-1916); district engineer (Townsville, 1919-1925); engineer (Tusmore, 1939); retired (Lismore Base Hospital, NSW, 1943)

===''ATKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Marshall Atkinson|Atkinson, John Marshall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89L-C6R] - 1906(Eng)-1999(ACT) - Licences: 2RZ Sydney (Mosman, 1927-1930; Carrs Park, 1931-1936; Glebe, 1937; Chippendale, 1938-1939); 4RZ Labrador (1955); 4RZ Gatton (1956-1960); 4RZ Southport (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 331, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Neutral Bay, 1930); organiser (Darlinghurst, 1943); shopkeeper (Gatton, 1958-1963; Labrador, 1968); retired (Southport, 1972-1980)
* [[/Noel Whittaker Atkinson|Atkinson, Noel Whittaker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2XX-V88] - 1908(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4WK  Brisbane (1929), 4NA Brisbane (1930-1935, Check), 4BT Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1946-1965+) - Qualifications: AOCP 530, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, business proprietor (radio sales &amp; service), federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: - radio mechanic (Camp Hill, 1937-1977) - (Halcyon, p. 102)
* [[/Reginald Aubrey Atkinson|Atkinson, Reginald Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V5M-WJC] - 1895(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4RA Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1928-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 412, 1928, No. 46 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1919); accountant (Rosewood, 1925); timber merchant (Yeronga, 1925; Thompson Estate, 1937-1949; Southport, 1958-1963)
* [[/Robert Henry Atkinson|Atkinson, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-2P3] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WZ Perth (Victoria Park, 1936-1939); 6WZ Geraldton (1947-1955); 6WZ Albany (1956-1965); 6WZ Katanning (1969); 6WZ Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1804, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Victoria Park, WA, 1936-1937); radio announcer (Geraldton, WA, 1943); broadcast station manager (Geraldton, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Albany, WA, 1958-1968); radio announcer (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''AUGUSTESEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Gerald Augustesen|Augustesen, Gordon Gerald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-LF9] - 1915(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4JN Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1932-1939); 4XQ Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1947-1948; Oakleigh, 1954-1960; Kenmore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1046, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, radar technician); business proprietor (Telair) - Halcyon: p. 85, 127 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mitchelton, Qld, 1943); manager (Auchenflower, Qld, 1949; Dorrington, Qld, 1954-1963; Kenmore, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''AUSTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emanuel Maxwell Austin|Austin, Emanuel Maxwell &quot;Mannie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-98K] - 1909(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2KZ Kurri Kurri (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 477, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clipper (Kurri Kurri, 1930-1980)
* [[/Henry Lashbrooke Austin|Austin, Henry Lashbrooke &quot;Hal&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4V2-LDC] - 1902(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BN Adelaide (Norwood, 1923-1928); 5AW Adelaide (Rose Park, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 101, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Victoria Park, SA, 1939; Rose Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Selwood Charles Austin|Austin, Selwood Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TVV] - 1902(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6SA Perth (Victoria Park, 1927; South Perth, 1930-1956; Maida Vale, 1960-1969; Morley, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 625, 1921; 1COCP 134, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother-in-law of Stanley Hogg - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Perth, WA, 1931-1958); police officer (Maida Vale, WA, 1963-1968; Kalamunda, WA, 1972); retired (Morley, WA, 1977-1980)

===''AVARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Avard|Avard, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-RRL] - 1901(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 620, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 88, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Northcote, 1925-1937); public servant (Kew, 1943-1977)

=='''B'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''BACKLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lincoln Backler|Backler, Eric Lincoln]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV8Q-6SK] - 1911(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5HK Kingston SE (1933-1939, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1093, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Kingston, SA, 1939)

===''BADENOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Herbert Lionel Badenoch|Badenoch, James Herbert Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-3XK] - 1913(NSW)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5LB Adelaide (Trinity Gardens, 1932-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1012, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BADER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Adolphus Frederick Bader|Bader, Henry Adolphus Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97M3-V5X] - 1866(Ger)-1928(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Chairman, Trading Committee, Wireless Development Assoc (Perth); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WDA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (North Perth, 1913-1926)

===''BADGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Victor Badger|Badger, Albert Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9RY-9X6] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - 2YT Receive Sydney (Rozelle, 1923-1924), 2AB Sydney (Rozelle, 1925-1926; North Sydney, 1927-1929; Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1931-1934; Leichhardt, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 202, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator (Hobart East, 1919); picture operator (Crows Nest, 1930; Rozelle, 1934; Lilyfield, 1937-1972; Leichhardt, 1977-1980))
===''BAGST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. D. A. Bagst|Bagst, E. D. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5EB Adelaide (Woodville, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: individual not yet identified, possibly Elizabeth D. Bagst nee Boyle who married Leslie Bagst at Newtown, NSW 1925, possible YL operator

===''BAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leonard Bain|Bain, John Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4V-6SV] - 1891(Eng)-19??(NSW?) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 109, 1915 - ship wireless officer (pre WW1, WW1); journalist (technical editor, Listener-In, -1934+); clubs (IRE USA); WW1 (1916-1919); Associate Editor, Popular Radio Weekly (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Popular Radio Weekly, Victoria) - Education: B.Sc.(London) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1925-1936); journalist (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1937) - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10688424 AWM]
===''BAILEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bailey|Bailey, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKW-8PX] - 1882(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5GB Mt Gambier (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 79, 1915 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retired (Mt Gambier, 1939-1943)
* [[/Jack Harry Bailey|Bailey, Jack Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KG85-LZ4] - 1912(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4JC Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1299, 1934, Qld; BOCP 1902, 1961 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); electrical mechanic (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1954); teacher (Tarragindi, Qld, 1958-1963); college principal (Mackay, Qld, 1968); principal (Bundaberg, Qld, 1972; Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Howard Bailey|Bailey, Robert Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLM-1X6] - 1917(SA)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5NW Crystal Brook (1936-1939); 5NW Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1948; Huddleston, 1954-1960); 5NW Crystal Brook (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1764, 1936, SA; BOCP 673, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BAIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Allan Baird|Baird, Thomas William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKG-JVD] - 1886(Qld)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Receive Brisbane (Bayswater, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (AIF, 11 Field Company Engineers, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: gardener (North Pine, Qld, 1908); labourer (Bayswater, Qld, 1912-1913); storeman (Torwood, Qld, 1916-1943)

===''BAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Claude Baker|Baker, Andrew Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TG-RZ9] - 1897(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 144, 1915; 2COCP 193, 1930; 1COCP 303, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917; Rockhampton, 1919-1934)
* [[/Charles Whiteway Baker|Baker, Charles Whiteway]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL93-HYP] - 1905(Vic)-1978(Vic) - Licences: 3VP Receive Bendigo (1923-1924); 3VP Bendigo (1925-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 156, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 451, 1942 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a &quot;listener&quot;); merchant - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bendigo, 1927-1931); merchant (Bendigo, 1934-1968; Kennington, 1972-1977)
* [[/Ernest James Baker|Baker, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-K5B] - 1904(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2FP Receive Newcastle (Maryville, 1922-1923); 2FP Newcastle (Maryville, 1924-1928; Wickham, 1929; Hamilton, 1930-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 69, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hamilton, 1930-1972)
* [[/Edwin Weldon Baker|Baker, Edwin Weldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWP-F1D] - 1895(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4CI Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 733, 1922 - amateur receiver - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: joiner (Northgate, 1919-1977)
* [[/John Frederick Thomas Baker|Baker, John Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY6-8XY] - 1908(???)-1977(Vic) - 3LF Melbourne (Northcote, 1927+), qualifications (AOCP 325, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, 
* [[/Herbert Edward Baker|Baker, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-245] - 1875(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Charleville (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; grazier - Halcyon: p. 81, 111 - Electoral Rolls: station manager (Charleville, 1903); grazier (Charleville, 1908-1943)
* [[/Sidney Charles Baker|Baker, Sydney or Sidney Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZSZ-J4H] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Receive Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1922-1924), 3BK Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1925-1933; Albert Park, 1937; South Melbourne, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Bonbeach, 1955-1969; Seaford, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 177, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (South Melbourne, 1937); optical mechanic (Carrum, 1963-1972); retired (Carrum, 1977)
* [[/Walter Ross Baker|Baker, Walter Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CY-D78] - 1905(SA)-1978(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)

===''BALDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Loris John Balderson|Balderson, Loris John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMVR-1RW] - 1895(Vic)-1932(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; RAAF (Flying Officer, Technical Branch, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: officer, RAAF (Footscray, 1924); flying officer (Werribee, 1925); flight-lieutenant (Werribee, 1931) - Links: [https://www.crossandcockade.com/uploads/Balderson.pdf Bio]
===''BALSILLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Graeme Balsillie|Balsillie, John Graeme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7MR-7MN] - 1885(Qld)-1924(USA) - radio business proprietor, senior federal public servant (PMGS, Commonwealth Wireless Expert), inventor, (Halcyon, not mentioned) - [https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/balsillie-john-graeme-5117 ADB]

===''BAMFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Bamfield|Bamfield, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM19-HNG] - 1892(NSW)-1918(NZL) - Licences: XQJ Corfield (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Halcyon: p. 3 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Muttaburra, Qld, 1913)

===''BANCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John Bancroft|Bancroft, Stanley John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Broadcast technician (2CY), federal public servant (PMGD, ABC)
===''BANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Edward William Banks|Banks, Harold Edward William &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S7-3BT] - 1911(NZL)-2000(Tas) - Licences: 7HB Hobart (North Hobart, 1938-1939; Richmond, 1946-1956; Penna, 1960-1965; New Town, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (New Zealand?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hobart North, 1936-1937); council clerk (Richmond, 1943-1954)
===''BANYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ingram Banyer|Banyer, Ingram]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9F95-CYX] - 1893(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: XVQ Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Blackwood, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BARBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel George Barber|Barber, Samuel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-66B] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5MV Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1933-1937; Woodville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1232, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Woodville, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM, Berri, SA, 1941; Glenelg, SA, 1943)
* [[/William Henry Barber|Barber, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY4N-QRD] - 1897(SA)-1965(WA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Cumberland, 1923-1925); 5WH Adelaide (Cumberland, 1926-1931); 5WH Port Pirie (1933-1937); 6DX Kalgoorlie (1938-1939; 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 266, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1937-1963)
===''BARBIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alphonse Barbier|Barbier, Edward Alphonse or Alphonse Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-5TW] - 1904(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: 5MD Adelaide (Stockdale Reserve, 1932-1939; City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 958, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARBOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Heyward Barbour|Barbour, Kenneth Heyward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-1VZ] - 1905(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3ZI Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: AOCP 105, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BARDIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Frederic Bardin|Bardin, William Frederic or Frederick &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;Old Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSS9-TG4] - 1899(Eng)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (North Carlton, 1923-1925); 4AB Townsville (1925-1927); 4AB Brisbane (Fairfield &amp; Yeronga, 1931-1933); 2ABZ Sydney (Ermington &amp; Dundas  1937-1939, 1946-1961+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 615, 1921; 1COCP 58, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); coastal radio operator (AWA); state public servant (4QG); federal public servant (Halcyon, p. 63) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1922); radio engineer (Townsville, 1925; Buranda, 1926; Fairfield, 1928); engineer (Dundas, 1936-1943; Eastwood, 1949-1968)

===''BARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Morphew Barker|Barker, Rupert Morphew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGH-7LM] - 1890(Eng)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 5RM Adelaide (Prospect, 1924-1933); 7RM Hobart (City, 1947-1948; Lenah Valley, 1949-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely qualified in England) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; broadcast engineer (sound) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Yarra, Vic, 1931-1936; Hobart North, Tas, 1937; Hobart South, Tas, 1943); sound engineer (Hobart West, Tas, 1949); engineer (Moonah, Tas, 1954; New Town, Tas, 1963)
* [[/William Henry Barker|Barker, William Henry (R.?)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHGY-243] - 1905(NSW)-1956(NSW) - licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Concord, 1923-1924); 2BW Sydney (Concord, 1925-1931), qualifications: AOCP 217, 1925, No. ?? in NSW, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: electrical mechanic (Concord, 1930-1943), beware several contemporaneous William Henry Barker

===''BARLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Kenneth Barlin|Barlin, George Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2VX-DP3] - 1916(NSW)-2016(ACT) - qualifications (BOCP 67, 1937), long term employee 2CA Canberra, manager TV network
===''BARLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Barlow|Barlow, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-2FL] - 1895(NSW)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 2GQ Receive Armidale (1922); 2GQ Armidale (1922-1926); 2GQ Glen Innes (1927); 2GQ Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1928); 2GQ Canberra (1929); 2GQ Mudgee (1930-1931); 2GQ Sydney (Cammeray, 1933-1934; North Sydney, 1935-1936; Mosman, 1937-1939 &amp; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4, 1924, No. 3 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - TroveTag: &quot;2GQ - Edward Barlow&quot; - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mudgee, 1930-1932; Cammeray, 1933-1935; Milsons Point, 1936; Mosman, 1937); divisional returning officer (Bathurst, 1943; Mosman, 1949-1958)

===''BARNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Walter Barnes|Barnes, Thomas Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z6-PZ2] - 1910(Vic)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 3TB Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1929-1933; Moonee Ponds, 1937-1939; West Brunswick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 537, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 243,1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ascot Vale, 1931-1936); mechanic (Moonee Ponds, 1937-1942); electrical maintenance (West Brunswick, 1949-1980) - beware another contemporaneous Thomas Walter Barnes (1893-1925)

===''BARRACLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Barraclough|Barraclough, Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KL-MNY] - 1903(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4GY Brisbane (Kedron, 1933-1935); 4GX Brisbane (Kedron, 1935-1939; 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1075, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2); radio service (Palings) - Halcyon: p. 81 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Kedron, 1937-1972)

===''BARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Barry|Barry, William Lawrence (BMD) or Lawrence William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MK6C-NBK] - 1905(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4FQ Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: storeman (South Brisbane, Qld, 1929); taxi driver (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''BARTHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Lewis Barthold|Barthold, Godfrey Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKR-JWZ] - 1899(Vic)-1993(Vic) - 3GL Melbourne (Malvern, 1925-1927), 3BT Melbourne (Malvern, 1931-1939; Glen Iris, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 210, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, clerk (Malvern, 1924-1931), radio manufacturer (Camberwell, 1937-1943; Glen Iris, 1949-1972), retired (Mt Martha, 1977-1980)

===''BARTHOLOMEW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Bartholmew|Bartholomew, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CZ-8YR] - 1861(Eng)-1942(NSW) - Licences: XBM Sydney (Mosman, 1911-1914); 2FO Receive Sydney (Kirribilli, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; company director (AWA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Milsons Point, 1930-1937) - Comment: famously charged and convicted of trading with the enemy during WW1 but only slapped on wrist (together with Ernest Thomas Fisk and Hugh Robert Denison)
===''BARTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gustavus Campbell Barton|Barton, Edward Gustavus Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ57-87Y] - 1857(Vic)-1942(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, scientist, business proprietor (Barton &amp; White) - Halcyon: not mentioned) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-edward-gustavus-campbell-9445 ADB]
* [[/Graham Francis Barton|Barton, Graham Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5P-KYT] - 1918(SA)-2005(SA) - Licences: 5BN Mt Gambier (1937-1939); 5BN Adelaide (Unley, 1947-1956; Malvern, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1993, 1937, SA; 1COCP 1709, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hyde Park, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Richard McRae Barton|Barton, Richard McRae &quot;Dick&quot;]] - 1940(???)-2021(Qld) - broadcast engineer, director engineering FACTS (1981-2001), ABU Engineering Award 2004, Fellow SMPTE, contributed to development DTV standards, chaired preparatory meeting to WRC 2000,  [https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/0a/07/R0A070000420001PDFE.pdf ITU Tribute]

===''BARTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graeme Bartram|Bartram, Graeme]] - historian (early Aus wireless: 2011 &quot;John Graeme Balsilie: Australia's Forgotten Wireless Pioneer&quot;[https://www.antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/Vol.-24.pdf])

===''BASIL-COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Frank Basil-Cooke see Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;
===''BASSETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rankin Bassett|Bassett, Francis Rankin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQZJ-28Y] - 1906(NSW)-1982(NSW) - 2FR Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1928; Arncliffe, 1929), 2FR Singleton, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 194, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother John Bassett
* [[/John Bassett|Bassett, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8M2-8XN] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2VO Receive Stroud (1923), amateur operator (AOCP 232, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, in 1920s shared licence with brother Francis Rankin Bassett

===''BATCHLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Victor Batchler|Batchler, Charles Victor &quot;Victor&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4NN-FXJ] - 1897(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: XZJ Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: Uncle of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: shift engineer (Waddamana, 1922)
* [[/Jack Copeland Batchler|Batchler, Jack Copeland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCSK-D8F] - 1910(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1932-1939); 3AJB Melbourne (1947); 7JB Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1948-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 957, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: nephew of XZJ Charles Victor Batchler; husband of 7YL Joyce Isabel Batchler nee Crowder - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Nelson, 1943-1949); no occupation (Nelson, 1972)
* [[/Joyce Isabel Crowder|Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-PKG] - 1915(Tas)-2015(Tas) - Licences: 7YL Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 1627, 1936, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL - Relationships: Wife of 7JB-3AJB Jack Copeland Batchler - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Nelson, 1943-1972) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''BATE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Bate|Bate, Arthur John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKQ-PYC] - 1917(WA)-2010(SA) - Licences: 5ZA Adelaide (Adelaide City, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1891, 1937, SA; BOCP 1481, 1956; 1COCP 2049, 1967 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lister Bates|Bates, Jack Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGK-238] - 1912(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4UR Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1935-1939, 1946-1947; Lutwyche, 1948-1969; Toombul, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1430, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio Club (WIAQ, QSL Manager); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; WW2 - Halcyon: p. 12, 99, 137, 141, 145 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1943); labourer (Lutwyche, Qld, 1949-1958; Wooloowin, Qld, 1968); cashier (Toombul, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''BATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Henry Batt|Batt, Cecil Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLJ-5SB] - 1904(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Bothwell (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 434, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Bothwell, 1928); labourer (Melton Mowbray, 1936-1937)
===''BATTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Thomas Battle|Battle, Edmund Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6C8-G32] - 1890(UK)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener) - Electoral Rolls: teamster (Dorrigo, 1913); dairy farmer (Malanda, 1919); sawmill manager (Tumoulin, 1931); sawmiller (Ravenshoe, 1936-1937); timber merchant (Paddington, 1943); sawmiller (Albion, 1949)
===''BATTYE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Sykes Battye|Battye, James Sykes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V7W-HL5] - 1871(Vic)-1954(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - librarian; historian; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, special committee, Western Australian Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: librarian (Perth, 1910-1937); principal librarian (Perth, 1943-1949) - Links: [[w:James Battye|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/battye-james-sykes-5156 ADB]
===''BATY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Baty|Baty, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLV-BZX] - 1913(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MH Adelaide (Brompton, 1931; Pennington, 1937; Challa Gardens, 1938-1939; Lockleys, 1954-1969; Henley Beach South, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 757, 1931, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 160, 1934; BOCP 242, 1939; 1COCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Franklin, SA, 1941-1943)

===''BAUER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Thomas Bauer|Bauer, Alfred Thomas &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MSCM-QB1] - 1908(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4AT Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1933) &amp; Cairns? - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 333, 1927, No. 36 in Qld; CPRTelephony 1119, 1928; 1COCP 92, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG); state public servant (4QG); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 67, 86, 111, 127, 130 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cairns, 1936; Camp Hill, 1937); radio tech (Camp Hill, 1943-1980)

===''BAXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Baxter|Baxter, Sidney or Sydney Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWX9-XWV] - 1915(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FJ Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1935-1939; Coorparoo Heights, 1946-1947; Cribb Island, 1948-1950; Camp Hill, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1569, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); employment (Trittons, radio service); business proprietor (radio service) - Halcyon: p. 76, 137 - Electoral Rolls: truck driver (Camp Hill, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cribb Island, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BEAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Beames|Beames, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NQJ-L17] - 1899(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: N754 Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IB Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Five Dock, 1930-1958; Linden, 1963-1980)

===''BEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Percival Reed Bean|Bean, Leslie Percival Reed]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHWZ-6ZZ] - 1884(Vic)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925); 2LP Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1928; Artarmon, 1929-1936; Pymble, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD (Elec. Engineer, 1904-1919); L. P. R. Bean &amp; Co (founder 1920-1926); Stromberg-Carlson (founder, 1927-1933+); Council IREAust - Electoral Rolls: electrical instrument fitter (Ascot Vale, 1909); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1912-1915; Artarmon, NSW, 1930); company director (Pymble, 1933-1943; Roseville, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Lindfield, 1958-1968)
===''BEARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Gordon Beard|Beard, Ernest Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2G-25R] - 1897(Eng)-1968(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 304, 1939 - broadcast engineer (United Distributors; 2KY; 2GB); inventor; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as consulting engineer, 2GB) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northbridge, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Northbridge, 1936-1937); wireless engineer (Willoughby, 1943-1949); engineer (Forestville, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://www.radiomuseum.org/dsp_hersteller_detail.cfm?company_id=12500 radiomuseum.org]
* [[/Norman George Beard|Beard, Norman George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9G-GSZ] - 1902(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 3DR Receive Balnarring (1922-1923); 2PK Wentworthville (1930); 2ALJ Sydney (Prospect, 1939; Toongabbie, 1946-1954; Brookvale, 1955; Dee Why, 1956-1961); 2ALJ Terrigal (1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 583, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; TVOCP 25, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Pendle Hill, NSW, 1930; Balnarring, Vic, 1931; Prospect, NSW, 1933-1937); RAAF instructor (Ballarat, 1942); teacher (Toongabbie, 1949-1954; Brookvale, 1958); retired (Terrigal, 1963-1972; Wendouree, Vic, 1977; Caves Beach, 1980)
===''BEARUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Andrew Bearup|Bearup, Herbert Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLJ-B1C] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: V740 Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922); 3GT Receive Melbourne (Caulfield East, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Malvern East, 1921-1924; Caulfield East, 1925-1928); farmer (Bentleigh, 1934-1949); engineer (Highett, 1963-1967; Moorabbin, 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Bearup|Bearup, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J7R-T9D] - 1897(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 224, 1916 - studio manager 3LO (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as studio manager, 3LO, Victoria); WW1 (merchant navy) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Caulfield, 1924); radio engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1931-1937); manager (Roseville, NSW, 1943)

===''BEATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Beatson|Beatson, Robert John &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSJV-2D2] - 1909(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4BB Brisbane (Wilston, 1928); 4BB Maryborough (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 394, 1928, No. 44 in Qld; AOLCP 173, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator (WIAQ); broadcast engineer (4MB); WW2 - Halcyon: p. 68, 139, 141, 163, 164 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maryborough, 1931); radiotrician (Maryborough, 1937-1949); radio engineer (Maryborough, 1954-1980)
===''BEATTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Spencer Meurant Beattie|Beattie, Herbert Spencer Meurant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ65-KTL] - 1888(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3DV Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3DV Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Box Hill, Vic, 1914-1927); salesman (Thornleigh, NSW, 1930); electrical engineer (Cheltenham, NSW, 1934-1936); agent (Cabramatta, 1943); auctioneer (Ettalong, 1943); no occupation (Fairfield, NSW, 1954-1958; Flagstaff, NSW, 1963)

===''BECHERVAISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philip Bechervaise|Bechervaise, William Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVNP-4HQ] - 1831(Eng)-1907(Vic) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), employment (Victoria Posts and Telegraphs Department)
===''BECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Beavis Beck|Beck, Alan Beavis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR7-N8Q] - 1911(Vic)-1982(WA) - Licences: 5XW Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 370, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Shenton Park, WA, 1937; Myrtle Bank, SA, 1941-1943); research chemist (Subiaco, 1949-1980)

===''BEDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, Robert Arthur Buddicom]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC5Q-1KX] - 1874(Eng)-1951(SA) - Licences: 5RB Kyancutta (1924-1939; 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kyancutta, 1939-1941); retired (Kyancutta, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/buddicom-robert-arthur-5417 ADB]
* [[/William Rudolf Buddicom Bedford|Bedford, William Rudolf Buddicom &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Y3-X4Z] - 1909(Eng)-1972(SA) - Licences: likely operator of 5RB Kyancutta - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 1893, 1954 - WW2 - Relationships: son of 5RB Robert Arthur Buddicom Bedford - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kyancutta, 1939-1943)

===''BEECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Sidney Beech|Beech, Frederick Sidney or Sydney &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-6BC] - 1895(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4FB Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1930-1939; Norman Park, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 629, 1930, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; jeweller - Halcyon: p. 75, 76, 90 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Bulimba, 1917-1919; Coorparoo, 1919-1972; Norman Park, 1977)
===''BEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Beer|Beer, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CW Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923); 2CW Sydney (Ashfield, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: too many JBs to identify reliably, likely James Charles Beer living 70 Tranmere St, Drummoyne, engineer, 1930

===''BEGBIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Begbie|Begbie, Richard]] - historian (broadcasting), journalist, radio clubs (HRSA)

===''BELJON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robin Ernest Beljon|Beljon, Robin Ernest &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-VR3] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2RB Lithgow (1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 259, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lithgow, 1930-1934); turner (Lithgow, 1937-1943); foreman (Lithgow, 1949-1968); retired (Lithgow, 1972)
===''BELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Wirgman Dillon Bell|Bell, Francis Wirgman Dillon &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7QW-CM4] - 1896(NZ)-1987(NZ) - ZL4AA Waihemo, amateur operator, first to 2 way QSO New Zealand to Australia (Apr 1923), South America, USA (Sep 1924), England (Oct 1924, G2SZ); WW1 (gunner, France &amp; Belgium till invalided 1917) - Relationships: brother of Margaret Brenda Bell, first licensed female NZ amateur - Links: [https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4b20/bell-francis-wirgman-dillon Bio]; [https://www.soundarchives.co.nz/collections/catalogue/catalogue-item?record_id=222015 Sound Archives]; [https://www.zl4aa.org.nz/frank-bell-trans-world-radio-contact/ NZART Otago]
* [[/H. G. Bell|Bell, H. G.]] - 19??-19?? - 4HG Brisbane (South Toowong = Taringa, 1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 321, 1927, No. 33 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: p. 111 - Callsign: later to Harry Brown - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Leslie William Gordon Bell|Bell, Leslie William Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-RQ5] - 1904(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4CY Receive Atherton (1923); 4LZ Jubilee Pocket (1969-1975); 4LZ Airlie Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 4471, 1967, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Danbulla via Atherton, 1925-1928); farmer (Jubilee Pocket via Proserpine, 1954-1980)
* [[/Victor Frank Bell|Bell, Victor Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-FZ7] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6KR Perth (Subiaco, 1932-1933); 6KR Kalgoorlie (1937-1939); 6KR Perth (Nedlands, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 907, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1936); postal assistant (Leonora, WA, 1937); radio engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1937); telephone mechanic (Lamington, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1954)
* [[/Vincent Stephanus Bell|Bell, Vincent Stephanus &quot;Vince&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-W8G] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4VD Rockhampton (Rockhampton City, 1936-1937; Wandal, 1938-1939, 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1496, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; employed electrical business - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1936); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, Qld, 1937-1980)

===''BELSTEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Lempriere Belstead|Belstead, Roy Lempriere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1GN-CQF] - 1910(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4EI Townsville (1933-1939); 4RU Winton (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1182, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 304, 1940; 1COCP 420, 1940; TVOCP 87, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, Townsville ARC); state public servant (Qld Railways); broadcast technician (2KY); business proprietor (Belstead Electronic Repairs, Winton) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hyde Park, Qld, 1931-1937); radio technician (Dee Why, NSW, 1943; Auburn, NSW, 1949; Lidcombe, NSW, 1958-1963; Auburn, NSW, 1972); retired (Winton, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edward Bennett|Bennett, Alfred Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNP-GFM] - 1889(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager 2GB Sydney; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 2GB, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Mosman, 1930-1931); director (Mosman, 1933; Vaucluse, 1936); inspector (Darling Point, 1943); investor (West Pennant Hills, 1949); retired (Vaucluse, 1954-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bennett-alfred-edward-5207 ADB]
* [[/Clarence Herbert Bennett|Bennett, Clarence Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK1H-GMF] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 449, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, 1909-1963); retired (Brunswick, 1968-1972)
===''BENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Francis Wattis Bent|Bent, Arthur Francis Wattis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVG-5V7] - 1902(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3AF Geelong (1924-1939, 1946-1960); 3AF Torquay (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 199, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio dealer (Geelong, 1931-1954) - Electoral Rolls: turner (14 Coronation St, Geelong West, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Geelong, 1928-1954); radio serviceman (Torquay, 1963-1980)
===''BENTLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Ernest Bentley|Bentley, Frank Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93F-NPZ] - 1902(India)-1973(SA) - Licences: 5MK Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1931-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Cowandilla, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 833, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BENTZEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Louis Bentzen|Bentzen, Ivan Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4X-6P4] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4SS Brisbane (Newstead, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 964, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Bulimba, Qld, 1929); mechanic (Valley, Qld, 1936); carpenter (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1949); garage proprietor (Lutwyche, Qld, 1954); carpenter (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''BERGIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Thomas Bergin|Bergin, John Thomas &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGP-GNM] - 1911(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5JB Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1364, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Max Wulfing Bergin|Bergin, Max Wulfing]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXQ1-QLP] - 1900(NSW)-1983(Cook Isls) - Licences: 2YP Receive West Maitland (1923); 2YP West Maitland (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ingham Berry|Berry, Arthur Ingham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WB6-6F5] - 1914(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1939; Kew, 1946-1954; East Malvern, 1955-1956); 3CZ Warburton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 595, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Hawthorn, 1936-1937); architect (Kew North, 1943-1954); farmer (Warburton, 1963-1977)
* [[/Harold Alexander Berry|Berry, Harold Alexander &quot;Huck&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G869-8R6] - 1906(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (City, 1923); Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5JU Adelaide (City, 1930-1931; Keswick, 1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Kilburn, 1946-1975)  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 666, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: polisher (Kilburn, 1943)
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Berry|Berry, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG2-X6J] - 1906(NSW)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5DB Adelaide (Norwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1315, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Robert Henry Berry|Berry, Robert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G342-ZR6] - 18??(???)-1971(Qld) - Licences: XQC Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; electrical business proprietor - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Rockhampton, 1912-1925); electrical mechanic (Rockhampton, 1928-1968)
* [[/William Clive Berry|Berry, William Clive &quot;Clive&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBT5-3L8] - 1912(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Knockrow via Bangalow (1931-1936); 2AGM Byron Bay (1938-1938, 1946-1955); 2AGM Lismore (1956-1957); 2AGM Mullumbimby (1958-1960); 2AGM Byron Bay (1961-1965) - Qualifications: AOLCP 30, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 302, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Knockrow, 1933-1936); woodworker (Byron Bay, 1943-1954); contractor (Ballina, 1958); no occupation (Mullumbimby, 1958); manager (Byron Bay, 1963)
* [[/William James Berry|Berry, William James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D1-B78] - 1890(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4WB Brisbane (Yeerongpilly, 1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1295, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; instrument repairer - Comment: Several contemporaneous William James Berry's in Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1958-1963); mechanic (Yeerongpilly, 1972-1980) -

===''BERTRAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Louis Bertram|Bertram, William Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDBP-NGS] - 1901(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: V738 Receive Rushworth (1922); 3GR Receive Rushworth (1922); 2KR Sydney (Waverley, 1929) - Qualifications: CPRT 920, 1926; 2COCP 97, 1930; 1COCP 34, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Rushworth, 1922; Brunswick, 1924-1928); telegraphist (Brunswick, 1931-1942); telephonist (Brunswick, 1949-1963); retired (Frankston, 1967-1980)
===''BESTED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julius Phillip Bested|Bested, Julius Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ6V-YSQ] - 1907(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Rose Park, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Salisbury, 1937-1939); 5CS Peterborough (1947-1948); 5CS Adelaide (Richmond, 1954-1960; Cumberland Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1995, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Salisbury, SA, 1939-1941)

===''BIBBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Cyril Bibby|Bibby, Frederick Cyril &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH58-5XF] - 1911(Tas)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3OL Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1939; Camberwell, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 681, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 38, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Camberwell, 1943-1968); operator (Camberwell, 1972-1980)
===''BINNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Binns|Binns, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-XTD] - 1897(NSW)-1974(NSW) - 2IE Receive Sydney (Kogarah, 1922), 2BJ Sydney (Kogarah, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 46, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''BIRD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Scorer Bird|Bird, Henry Scorer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYWH-FTC] - 1902(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HB Melbourne (Sunshine, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Sunshine, 1924-1927); Government employee (Camberwell, 1928-1963); nil (Ashwood, 1968-1972) - Comment: 3HB callsign passed to Sunshine Radio Club 1924-1927 (prominent amateur broadcaster)
* [[/Leslie James Bird|Bird, Leslie James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6X2-N4N] - 1897(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Armidale, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Armidale, 1930-1935; Wellington, 1937); civil servant (Homebush, 1943) 
===''BISCHOFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Conrad Bischoff|Bischoff, William Edward Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YT-QB7] - 1911(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2LZ Sydney (Crows Nest, 1930-1937); 2LZ Wentworth Falls (1938-1939, 1946-1969); 2AKM Wentworth Falls (Portable, 1939); 2LZ Sydney (Naremburn, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 568, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 12, 1936; TVOCP, 346, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Naremburn, 1933-1937); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1943); radio technician (Wentworth Falls, 1949-1958); tele. engineer (Naremburn, 1963); engineer (Naremburn, 1972-1980)
===''BISHOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Elijah Bishop|Bishop, Clarence Elijah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKZ9-G7S] - 1896(WA)-1971(WA) - Licences: 6DD Receive Albany (1923); 6DD Albany (1923-1924); 6DD Northam (1924); 6LL Katanning (1936-1939); 6LL Perth (Claremont, 1948-1954; East Victoria Park, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1746, 1936, WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albany, WA, 1922); accountant (Katanning, WA, 1925-1937); clerk (Nedlands, WA, 1943-1954; Victoria Park, WA, 1958-1968)
* [[/Frederick Edward Bishop|Bishop, Frederick Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS3-GZQ] - 1882(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2FB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Kirribilli, 1930-1931); grazier (Mullaley, Gunnedah, 1935-1949)
* [[/Maurice Glanville Bishop| Bishop, Maurice Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDP-SVD] - 1908(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Middle Park, Vic, 1931); bank officer (Middle Park, 1935); bank clerk (Bank of NSW Quarters, Ouyen, 1936-1937); bank officer (Hawthorn, 1942-1949; Nelson, Tas, 1954)

===''BLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. C. Black|Black, F. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None identified to date - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 297, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: awaits identification, Port Lincoln, SA in 1926
* [[/William Hector Black|Black, William Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8J2-TCS] - 1912(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 3WB Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939); 2WO Sydney (Mosman, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 663, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1936-1937); bacteriologist (Mosman, 1943-1963); biochemist (Darlinghurst, 1968-1972)

===''BLACKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Howbery Blackman|Blackman, Herbert Howbery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2M-65N] - 1886(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: XOE Melbourne (East Malvern, 1913); 3PR Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923); 3PR Melbourne (East Malvern, 1924-1925); 3HA Melbourne (East Malvern, 1926-1927); 3HU Melbourne (Ashburton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 211, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Malvern, 1909); mechanic (East Malvern, 1913-1916); soldier (Royal Park, 1917-1919); electrician (East Malvern, 1922-1928); mechanic (Burwood, 1931-1968)
* [[/W. T. Blackburn|Blackburn, W. T.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Home Hill (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Searched William, Walter, Wilfred - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BLADES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alfred Blades|Blades, Ronald Alfred &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCS-L77] - 1916(Qld)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 4RX Toowoomba (1936-1939); 2VP Sydney (Haberfield, 1946-1947; Ashfield, 1948-1950; Dundas, 1954-1955); 2VP Melbourne (Blackburn, 1956); 2VP Sydney (Balgowlah, 1957-1969; Seaforth, 1975; Dee Why, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1775, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 615, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); broadcast technician (AWA) - Comment: Two Ronald Alfred Blades born in Qld 1916, 4RX 27/3/1916 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1949; Dundas, NSW, 1954; Balgowlah, NSW, 1958-1968); engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1977)

===''BLAIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Andrew William Blair|Blair, Keith Andrew William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK4S-ZXY] - 1911(Vic)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2DX Balranald (1930-1934); 2DX Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1937); 2DX Bega (1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 699, 1930, Vic; BOCP 276, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Balranald, 1932-1935; Randwick, 1936-1937; Bega, 1937); bank officer (Queanbeyan, 1949-1980) 
===''BLAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leslie Gilbert Blake|Blake, Robert Leslie Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L831-ZLW] - 1888(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: 3RG Castlemaine (1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 484, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Castlemaine, 1912-1919); house furn. (Castlemaine, 1924-1949)
===''BLANCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Henry Blanchard|Blanchard, George Edward Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV2-B4S] - 1899(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DN Sydney (Newtown, 1922-1926; Hurlstone Park, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 195, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Earlwood, 1930-1980)
===''BLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Bland|Bland, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-4RP] - 1902(India)-1955(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Alberton, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Alberton, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 765, 1923 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio manufacturer (Tusmore, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BLUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Blue|Blue, Harry William]] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - 2YI Liverpool (1933), 2YI Albury (1934-1936), 9KO Rabaul (1937), 2YI Broken Hill (1938-1939), 2YI Sydney (Kingsford, 1946; Auburn, 1947-1980+, amateur operator (AOCP 1034, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, A.A.M.S.
===''BLUNDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Godfrey Verge Blunden|Blunden, Godfrey Verge]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNG-22L] - 1906(Vic)-1996(France) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Wireless Weekly (editor, 1930s) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (North Sydney, 1930; East Sydney, 1933-1936)
* [[/Leon Walter Blunden|Blunden, Leon Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KT-SMV] - 1914(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5BH Adelaide (Firle, 1935-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1535, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Douglas Boast|Boast, Harold Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2VW-3D4] - 1906(Eng)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3AX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1939); 3AX Lubeck (1946-1969); 3AX Melbourne (Frankston, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 404, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 55, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Elsternwick, 1931-1936); radio engineer (3LK Lubeck, 1942-1968); retired (Frankston, 1972-1977)
===''BOILEAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Boileau|Boileau, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-HLQ] - 1893(SA)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4JT Port Moresby (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Byron Bay, NSW, 1943-1954)

===''BOLGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Joseph Bolger|Bolger, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-VDD] - 1867(Irl)-1941(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Deputy Director of Navigation, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: master mariner (Williamstown, 1914-1917); public servant (Elsternwick, 1919); master mariner (Elsternwick, 1931-1937)

===''BOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Francis Bond|Bond, Rupert Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZHS-QB3] - 1886(Vic)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rockhampton, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, Qld, 1912-1937; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''BONGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gysbert Sheldon Bongers|Bongers, Gysbert Sheldon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7F9-DXK] - 1900(NSW)-1948(NSW) - Licences: N745 Receive Sydney (1922-1923); 2HY Sydney (Rockdale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Rockdale, 1930-1935; Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1937); engineer (Woollahra, 1943)

===''BONNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Coleman Bonner|Bonner, Alfred Coleman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MV14-MTM] - 1854(Tas)-1930(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Legana (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914-1922); no occupation (Legana, 1928)
===''BONNERUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Madsen Bonnerup|Bonnerup, Peter Madsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6F5-RC8] - 1890(Tas?)-1976(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as patent attorney, WA) - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Nedlands, 1922; South Perth, 1925-1972) - Links: [https://www.carnamah.com.au/bio/peter-madsen-bonnerup Bio]
===''BONNINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Archibald Bonnington|Bonnington, John Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88Y-1JP] - 1909(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931); 2AKB Sydney (Avalon Beach, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 569, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3AirOCP 16, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Broken Hill, 1931); engineer (Woollahra, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); air pilot (Avalon Beach, 1949-1963)
===''BONWILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Warren Bonwill|Bonwill, Edward Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J35-NNV] - 1869(USA)-1945(NSW) - Licences: XBP Sydney (1912-1914); 2CA Receive Cowra (1922); 2CA Cowra (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Barellan, 1930; Cowra, 1934-1937; Lithgow, 1937-1943)

===''BOTTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Botten|Botten, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-8QJ] - 1895(SA)-1973(???) - Licences: 2HB Sydney (CBD, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930); radio manager (Darlinghurst, 1933-1936); manager (Darlinghurst, 1937-1958)

===''BOUCHARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Reid Bouchard|Bouchard, Victor John Reid &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G93B-52C] - 1897(Qld)-1936(Qld) - 4BY Receive Brisbane (Auchenflower, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur club administrator - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Auchenflower, 1921-1926); clerk (Buranda, 1928)
===''BOULTBEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Walker Boultbee|Boultbee, Kenneth Walker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMWB-1Q4] - 1905(Tas)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: agent (Taringa, Qld, 1928-1958; Corinda, Qld, 1963-1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Broadbeach, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''BOUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Boundy|Boundy, George Henry]] - 1866(Vic)-1932(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), early wireless experimenter, radio clubs (WIQ), state public servant (P&amp;TQ, engineer), federal public servant (PMGD, engineer)

===''BOURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Bourke|Bourke, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V734 Receive Yarck (1922); Receive 3GP Yarck (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BOURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Frederick Bourne|Bourne, Francis Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX55-9GM] - 1916(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5BU Adelaide (Unley, 1935-1939; Wayville, 1947; Malvern, 1948-1954; Blackwood, 1955-1965; Belair, 1969); 5BU Keith (1975); 5BU Naracoorte (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1593, 1935, SA; 2COCP 1282, 1953; 1COCP 1722, 1954 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Germain Bowden|Bowden, Eric James Germain]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7T7-YC2] - 1894(Tas)-1984(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - PMGD Wireless Inspector, Hobart, 1920s &amp; 1930s; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as equipment engineer, PMGD, Tas) - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: junior assistant engineer (Hobart North, 1922); engineer (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Frank Prosser Bowden|Bowden, Frank Prosser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MP-G4L] - 1860(Tas)-1934(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter, Tas PMGD, Federal PMGD - Relationships: father of Eric James Germain Bowden and John Gibson Bowden - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1928)
* [[/John Gibson Bowden|Bowden, John Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJZ-V69] - 1906(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified  - employee of Medhurst Electrical - Relationships: son of Frank Prosser Bowden; brother of Eric James Germain Bowden - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1928); electrical mechanic (New Town, 1936-1937); engineer (Nelson, 1943-1963)
* [[/Ronald Stanley Bowden|Bowden, Ronald Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQGS-F9R] - 1900(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Taringa, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Albion, Qld, 1921); car driver (Wilston, Qld, 1934); car proprietor (Newmarket, Qld, 1936-1943); store keeper (Urangan, Qld, 1949-1954); farmer (Mundubbera, Qld, 1958-1963); retired (Urangan, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BOWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Keith Bowen|Bowen, Harold Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-7SZ] - 1913(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5KB Adelaide (Maylands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1049, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Tranmere, SA, 1943)
* [[/Joseph La Venture Bowen|Bowen, Joseph La Venture or Laventure]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPP-MLB] - 1917(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4LB Brisbane (Hamilton, 1935-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1445, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1958); public servant (Kedron, Qld, 1963)
===''BOWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Nigel Bowman|Bowman, Hubert Nigel &quot;Pete&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4PT-FY3] - 1908(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FM Adelaide (Payneham, 1932-1933; Royston Park, 1937; Payneham, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Mitcham, 1954-1956); 5FM Crystal Brook (1960); 5FM Bridgewater (1965-1980+); 5FN Portable (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 911, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 259, 1939; BOCP 282, 1940; 1COCP 354, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Boyd|Boyd, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-VM7] - 1897(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XNO Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EL Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3EL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1924-1925; Caulfield, 1925-1927; Elwood, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 104, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio engineer (3UZ, 1920s); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1924); manager (Caulfield, 1926-1928); engineer (Elsternwick, 1931-1937); electrician (St Kilda, 1949-1963); retired (Caulfield, 1967-1977)

===''BRADBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. J. Bradbury|Bradbury, B. J.]] - abt 1887(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''BRADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Keith Bradford|Bradford, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-VC5] - 1912(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4KK Millmerran (1936-1939, 1947-1975); 4KK Drillham (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1750, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Millmerran, Qld, 1934-1937); farmer (Millmerran, Qld, 1943-1954); radio dealer (Millmerran, Qld, 1958-1968); farmer (Drillham, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Richard Bradford|Bradford, John Richard]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief electrical engineer, Qld, PMGD)

===''BRADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Randell Bradley|Bradley, Frank Randell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G973-F7P] - 1884(SA)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 3ZK Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1930); 2JB Sydney (Mosman, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2, 1924, No. 1 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, Superintendant Telegraphs Vic, 1928; Deputy PMG Qld; NSW); historian (telegraphs) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Sandringham, Vic, 1914-1924; Mosman, NSW, 1933-1943); no occupation (Killara, NSW, 1954-1963)
===''BRAGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Bragg|Bragg, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFQ-9N6] - 1862(Eng)-1942(Eng) - Early wireless experimenter, academic (University of Adelaide, 1885-1908), physicist, chemist, mathematician, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his son William Lawrence Bragg, son-in-law of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:William Henry Bragg|Wikipedia]]
* [[/William Lawrence Bragg|Bragg, William Lawrence &quot;Lawrence&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWXT-CLR] - 1890(SA)-1971(Eng) - participated as a youth in his father's early wireless experiments, academic (University of Adelaide), physicist, shared Nobel prize in 1915 with his father William Henry Bragg, grandson of Charles Todd - Links: [[w:Lawrence Bragg|Wikipedia]]
===''BRAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. F. Brain|Brain, S. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZD Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: likely related XFR V. J. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/V. J. Brain|Brain, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XFR Sydney (Ashfield, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: likely related 2ZD S. F. Brain - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRAMLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Alfred Bramley|Bramley, John Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorayne Branch|Branch, Lorayne]] - Living - author (&quot;Henry Sutton, The Innovative Man&quot;), historian (Henry Sutton)
===''BRANDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Frank Brandon|Brandon, Eric Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPK-2ZY] - 1907(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5FB Wilmington (1933-1939); 5FB Adelaide (Prospect, 1948); 5FA Oodnadatta (1965); 5FA Ramco (1969-1975); 5FA Adelaide (Blair Athol, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1145, 1933, SA; 2COCP 140, 1938; 1COCP 183, 1938; BOCP 201, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''BRANKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Mervyn Branks|Branks, Albert Mervyn &quot;Merv&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-88K] - 1906(NZ)-1978(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1920s to 1970s, DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tribute]

===''BREDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wynne Steere Breden|Breden, Wynne Steere]] - 1900(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Rx Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923), 2WS Newcastle (Newcastle, 1924-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 9, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, shipyard business
===''BREMERMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Frederick Bremerman|Bremerman, Harold Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-QWC] - 1903(Eng)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4HB Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1938-1939, 1946-1954; Aspley (1955-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1267, 1934, Qld; COCP (Eng) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (WIAQ, Life Member; Brisbane DX Club); employment (electrician, Courier Mail, Besley &amp; Pike, Mt. Olivett Hospital); pilot; UK Merchant Navy 1920s - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Albion, Qld, 1928); mechanic (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Aspley, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BRENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan James Brennan|Brennan, Allan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6TR-SNJ] - 1887(Vic)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 31, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''BREWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip John Brewer|Brewer, Phillip or Philip John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVKH-MNW] - 1900(WA)-1948(SA) - Licences: 5JA Adelaide (Parkside, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 269, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Parkside, 1939-1943)

===''BRIDGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Bridger|Bridger, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85V-2YT] - 1885(UK)-1941(NT) - Licences: 4AP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4AP Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer; public servant; WW1 (2nd Aust Flying Squadron, 1916) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West Perth, 1914); consulting engineer (Auchenflower, 1925); poultry farmer (Geebung, 1928); engineer (Armadale, 1934-1937) - Directories: electrical engineer (Adelaide, 1915; Melbourne, 1917-1921; Brisbane, 1923-1927; Adelaide, 1930) 
===''BRIDGES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Claud Bridges|Bridges, Frank John Claud or Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHRF-XHR] - 1885(NZ)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 141, 1915; 2COCP 182, 1930; 1COCP 279, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Esperance, 1921-1949); retired (Esperance, 1958-1963)

===''BRIGGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Robert Briggs|Briggs, Donald Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5B-1TN] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (Walkerville, 1935-1939; Henley Beach, 1947; South Plympton, 1954-19600; 5HB Adelaide (Morphett Vale, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1490, 1935, SA; 2COCP 413, 1941; BOCP 373, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939)

===''BRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Herbert Bright|Bright, William Henry Herbert &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQH-GSX] - 1898(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: Spark; 4FA Toowoomba (1923); 4AA Toowoomba (1924-1925); 4WB Toowoomba (1925-1927); 4OO Toowoomba (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 123, 1925, No. 13 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: callsign 4AA withdrawn by PMGD for their use - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toowoomba, 1919-1943); clerk (Toowoomba, 1949); mechanic (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)

===''BRIMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Campbell Brimble|Brimble, Charles Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5L-9GH] - 1915(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5CB Adelaide (Somerton, 1935-1939, 1947-1948; Somerton Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1446, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Somerton, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BRIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Marcus John Gordon Brims|Brims, Marcus John Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZWB-S11] - 1888(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: XQA Mareeba (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; business proprietor (plywood &amp; veneer manufacture) - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Mareeba, 1912-1913); foreman joiner (Milton, 1921); timber merchant (Milton, 1925-1931); plywood manufacturer (Annerley, 1937-1958); business manager (Annerley, 1963-1980)

===''BRISTOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morrison Bristow|Bristow, John Morrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPL-DLJ] - 1908(NSW)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZX Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 243, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: advertising manager (Neutral Bay, 1930-1935); manager (Gordon, 1937-1943); company manager (Pymble, 1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954-1980)

===''BROCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Edward Earl Brock|Brock, Hector Edward Earl]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VQL-BTC] - 1902(Vic)-1962(SA) - Licences: 3ZC Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924); 5DP Adelaide  (North Adelaide, 1924-1927; Malvern, 1927-1938); 5UZ Adelaide (Fullarton, 1954-1956; Nailsworth, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 25, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; University of Adelaide (Demonstrator &amp; Technical Assistant, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1924); no occupation (Malvern, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BROINOWSKI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leopold Thomas Broinowski|Broinowski, Leopold Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6FR-SMR] - 1871(Vic)-1937(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as associate editor, Hobart Mercury, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1914-1937)

===''BROOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilberforce Henry Liddon Brooke|Brooke, Wilberforce Henry Liddon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB61-69T] - 1891(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Terrigal (1930-1936); 2BR Dora Creek (1937-1939, 1946-1958); 2BR Paterson (1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 638, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Jerry's Plains, 1930; Terrigal, 1931-1937; Dora Creek, 1954-1958; Paterson, 1963-1968)
===''BROOKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Brookes|Brookes, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSJ-GV6] - 1911(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BA Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, 1938-1939; Wooloowin, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1641, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943-1954); waterside Worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1958)

===''BROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Milton Brooks|Brooks, Albert Henry Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT1Q-DVK] - 1901(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5KG Adelaide (Grange, 1933-1939; Croydon, 1946-1960+); 5AH Adelaide (Ridleton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1170, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Croydon, 1939); railway employee (Croydon, 1941-1943) - Relationships: likely related to 7JB John Vickery Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks
* [[/John Vickery Brooks|Brooks, John Vickery &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHXL-RK8] - 1905(SA)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 7JB Hobart (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 37, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer; originally from Adelaide - Relationships: likely related to 5KG Albert Henry Brooks and 7DB D. C. Brooks - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart South, 1928; Malvern, Vic, 1954-1980)

===''BROOMHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Broomhall|Broomhall, Charles Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7NZ-2SV] - 1891(Vic)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 729, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geraldton, 1916); mechanic (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925; Canning Bridge, 1931-1937; Applecross, 1943-1954); retired (Bickley, 1958-1963)

===''BROWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan George Brown|Brown, Alan George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G849-43Y] - 1909(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3CX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1937; Upper Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Canterbury, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 446, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931); public servant (Auburn, 1936-1937); RAAF (St Kilda North, 1943); civil servant (Auburn, 1949); clerk (Deepdene, 1954; Camberwell North, 1963-1968)
* [[/Alan Weymouth Brown|Brown, Alan Weymouth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSKH-1N5] - 1902(Tas)-1938(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Listeners' League, Hobart (assistant secretary); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Assistant Secretary, Listeners' League, Hobart, Tas) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1936-1937)
* [[/Alfred Louis Brown|Brown, Alfred Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQV-4SS] - 1885(Eng)-1971(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as general manager, 5CL, SA) - Electoral Rolls: instrument maker (Claremont, WA, 1910); optician (Applecross, 1916-1917); director (Kew, Vic, 1926); engineer (Cottesloe, 1936-1937)
* [[/Bruce Kevin Brown|Brown, Bruce Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S4-CV1] - 1920(Tas)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 7QZ Launceston (1937-1939); 2AQZ Sydney (Meadowbank, 1954-1969; Annangrove, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1942, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 303, 1940; 1COCP 492, 1941; TVOCP 1014, 1968 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Meadowbank, 1943-1968); technician (Annangrove, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Clarence Roy Brown|Brown, Clarence Roy]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - founder of 5KA Class B Adelaide; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, 5KA, SA) - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Clifford Walter Brown|Brown, Clifford Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCV5-M8M] - 1906(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6CB Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 640, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Subiaco, 1931-1937); traveller (Nedlands, 1943-1963); business manager (Wembley, 1968); manager (Morley, 1972; Dianella, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Makepeace Brown|Brown, Frank Makepeace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H5-2M5] - 1911(WA)-2006(WA) - Licences: 6FB Mullewa (1939; 1946-1948); 6FB Bassendean (1954-1960); 6FB Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969; Rossmoyne, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 2375, 1939, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Northam, 1936; Bassendean, 1943); civil servant (Mullewa, 1949); telephone technician (Bassendean, 1954-1963); civil servant (Doubleview, 1968-1972); telephone technician (Rossmoyne, 1977-1980)
* [[/George D. Brown|Brown, George D.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCQ-JFD] - 1875(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DB Brisbane (Ascot, Qld, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1970, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: numerous contemporaneous GBs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Percy Brown|Brown, Harry Percy &quot;Horsepower&quot;, &quot;Poo Bah&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1R8-R1W] - 1878(Eng)-1967(NSW) - senior federal public servant (Director-General, Posts and Telegraphs); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Secretary, PMGD) - Links: [[w:Harry Brown (public servant)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brown-sir-harry-percy-5384 ADB]; [https://telegramsaustralia.com/Forms/Special%20developments/People/Brown.html Telegrams Australia]
* [[/Hector Mervyn Brown|Brown, Hector Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9TY-HSC] - 1906(NSW)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5MB Adelaide (Torrensville, 1927-1928; Southwark, 1931-1933, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 345, 1927, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 402 1932; 1COCP 333, 1933) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BH, 1937), PMGD SA (mechanic, retired 1940) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1937), engineer (Thebarton, 1941-1943)
* [[/Herbert George Brown|Brown, Herbert George &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5BH-NGV] - 1887(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4BH Booval (1928-1930); 4HG Booval (1931); 4HG Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 4BH Brisbane (Graceville, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 455, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (Ipswich); railways employee - Callsign: withdrawn for 4BH Brisbane - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ipswich, Qld, 1925; Redbank, Qld, 1929)
* [[/Herbert Rufus Brown|Brown, Herbert Rufus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HL-T23] - 1894(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: 3NN Receive Yanac (1923); 3NN Yanac (1924-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 271, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Yanac, 1919-1977)
* [[/J. R. Brown|Brown, J. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Southport (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James McGladdery Brown|Brown, James McGladdery]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW18-TCK] - 1882(Qld)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4BJ Aramac (1929-1933); 4BJ Rockhampton (1937); 4BJ Bundaberg (1947-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 480, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: porter (Rockhampton, 1905); station master (Finch Hatton, 1913); labourer (Mackay, 1919);  motor car proprietor (Baralaba, Mt Morgan, 1925); guard (Aramac, 1928-1937); retired (Maryborough, 1954-1963; Ascot, 1963) - Relationships: father of Victor James Caldwell Brown, the likely actual amateur operator
* [[/John Henry Shadwell Brown|Brown, John Henry Shadwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-7M4] - 1897(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2JK Sydney (Botany, 1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 926, 1926; 1COCP 154, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Botany, 1930-1958)
* [[/Joseph Brown|Brown, Joseph &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQH2-YSM] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Hobart (Battery Point, 1934-1939; New Town, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1255, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 5, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (7ZL, Hobart TV); public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Battery Point, 1936-1937); civil servant (New Town, 1943-1972)
* [[/Leonard Austin Brown|Brown, Leonard Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX21-FFX] - 1915(Vic)-1957(SA) - Licences: 3OP Melbourne (Camberwell, 1931-1933); 5OP Adelaide (Eastwood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 814, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, Vic, 1936; Eastwood, SA, 1939; Unley Park, SA, 1941)
* [[/Robert Brown|Brown, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart Central, 1919; Moonah, 1928); fitter (Hobart North, 1958)
* [[/Victor James Caldwell Brown|Brown, Victor James Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBKS-2T7] - 1907(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - Qualifications: Nil yet identified, but likely those in father's name - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: wardsman (Aramac, 1928); guard (Aramac, 1930); baker (Rockhampton, 1936); radio mechanic (Barcaldine, 1943; Bundaberg, 1949-1963) - Relationships: son of James McGladdery Brown - note electoral roll addresses for Victor James precisely align with 4BJ addresses whereas those for James McGladdery do not
* [[/William Francis Brown|Brown, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-4DL] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BB Warrnambool (1930-1933); 3BB Melbourne (Richmond, 1937); 9BB Wau, New Guinea (1938); 2ANP Sydney (Bundeena, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 704, 1930, Vic; 2COCP 92, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Richmond, 1937) - Comment: many contemporaneous WFBs

===''BROWNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert John Vincent Browne|Browne, Robert John Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLZ-BY6] - 1907(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4RB Brisbane (Toowong, 1925-1939; New Farm, 1946-1956; Dorrington, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 92, 1925, No. 10 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Clevedon, 4QN, 1943); technician (New Farm, 1949-1954); teacher (Dorrington, 1958-1968)

===''BROWNLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Frank Brownless|Brownless, Sidney Frank &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-M5S] - 1915(Eng)-1995(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); military (WW2, RAF, radar research); clubs &amp; societies (IREE); author (&quot;The Sharing of Television Channels&quot;, ABCB, 1973 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Albert Park, 1954-1980)

===''BRUCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Bruce|Bruce, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPX-XN9] - 1913(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5GB Adelaide (Prospect, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1925, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Arthur Bruce|Bruce, Robert Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR18-SKL] - 1900(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (City, 1923-1924); 5BJ Adelaide (Glenelg, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 357, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenelg, 1939-1943)
* [[/Robert William Bruce|Bruce, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTC-Z1J] - 1899(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926-1928; East Malvern, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 283, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1926; Malvern East, 1931-1967)

===''BRUNSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Thomas Brunsden|Brunsden, Herbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NR-JJR] - 1909(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: 2BX Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 649, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 258, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Leichhardt, 1930-1937) - Comment: Gone too soon

===''BRYCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ramsay Auld Bryce|Bryce, Ramsay Auld]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH9T-FL2] - 1914(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AB Ipswich (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4AB Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1954-1969); 4AC Portable Ipswich (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1935, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (North Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio serviceman (North Ipswich, Qld, 1943); theatre proprietor (Palm Beach, Qld, 1949); showman (Palm Beach, Qld, 1954-1958); projectionist (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1972)

===''BRYSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royal William Bryson|Bryson, Royal William &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ9P-5KJ] - 1886(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: XJJ Melbourne (Richmond, 1913); 3JM Receive Melbourne (Kew, 1922-1923); 3JM Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 50, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Richmond, 1914-1916); electrical fitter (Kew, 1919-1937); electrician (Croydon, 1943-1954)

===''BUCHANAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thomas Oswald Buchanan|Buchanan, Norman Thomas Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84K-B7C] - 1912(Qld)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 2NB Sydney (Manly, 1928-1939); 2ANB Sydney (Bondi, 1948; Kingsford, 1950); 3AND Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1954; Rosanna, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 466, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Manly, 1934-1935); sound engineer (Manly, 1936); engineer (North Sydney, 1943; Heidelberg, 1954-1963; Rosanna, 1968; Heidelberg, 1972; Rosanna, 1977); retired (Castlemaine, 1980)
===''BUCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hector Buck|Buck, Albert Hector]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-PC3] - 1905(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3TM Receive Melbourne (Albert Park, 1923); 3TM Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1924-1926; Glenferrie, 1927; East Preston, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933-1937); 3TM Terang (1938-1939); 3TM Shepparton (1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 138, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: father of 3ZMX &amp; 3AAD Edwin David Buck, don't confuse with Albert Thomas Buck (Qld) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glenferrie, 1927-1928); mechanic (Glenferrie, 1931; Hawthorn, 1937); electrician (Terang, 1943)
* [[/Albert Thomas Buck|Buck, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Z9K-CXG] - 1892(Eng)-1973(Eng) - Licences: 4CW Receive Brisbane (Geebung, 1923); 4CW Brisbane (Geebung, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 281, 1926, No. 24 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Kedron, 1931-1934); wireless mechanic (Summer Hill, 1933) - don't confuse with 3TM Albert Hector Buck
* [[/Edwin David Buck|Buck, Edwin David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNC-4JQ] - 1929(Vic)-2010(Vic) - 3ZMX Melbourne (Thornbury, 1965-1969, 3AAD Melbourne (Thornbury, 1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), son of 3TM Albert Hector Buck
===''BUCKERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Roy Buckerfield|Buckerfield, Sidney Roy &quot;Buck&quot; &amp; &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGS-S7N] - 1904(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5DA Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5DA Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Evandale, 1928-1931; Knoxville, 1933-1939; St Morris, 1947-1948+); 5DA Crystal Brook (1954-1956); 5DA Adelaide (Brighton Gardens, 1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 32, 1924, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 163, 1938; 1COCP 1557, 1950 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (5DN, 5CK, 5DR, 5AN, 5ABCFM); public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Knoxville, 1939)

===''BUGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Robert Bugg|Bugg, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-Q8K] - 1918(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 11, 1936, Vic -  - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Geelong, 1942)

===''BUILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Builder|Builder, Geoffrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM6S-FBL] - 1906(WA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - physicist; radio engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: observer (Magnetic Observatory, Watheroo, 1931; physicist (Haberfield, 1935; Ashfield, 1937; Burwood, NSW, 1943-1958) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/builder-geoffrey-9617 ADB]

===''BULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis George Bull|Bull, Francis George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB9W-CFP] - 1904(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4MA Brisbane (Fairfield, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1674, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Stones Corner, Qld, 1926-1928; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1934; Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); military forces (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1963)
* [[/J. F. Bull|Bull, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FH Mackay (-1949-1967+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), associate member I.R.E. Aust.
===''BULLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Bulling|Bulling, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Y9-S95] - 1914(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5KX Adelaide (Grange, 1935-1939; Kirkcaldy, 1947-1954; Kings Park, 1955-1975); 5KX Wasleys (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1527, 1935, SA; BOCP 166, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Kirkcaldy, 1939-1943)

===''BULLIVANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Bullivant|Bullivant, William Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJK-X8B] - 1908(NSW)-1985(NSW) - 2PR Receive Albury (1923-1924), 2WB Albury (1925-1930), 2WB West Wyalong (1931-1934), 2BC Sydney (Bondi, 1946-1950; Bellevue Hill, 1954-1969; Kingsford, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 167, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 319, 1940), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk (West Wyalong, 1932), telegraphist (Bondi, 1943), supervisor (Waverley, 1954; Bellevue Hill, 1963; Kingsford, 1980))
===''BULLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Frederick Wright Bullock|Bullock, Albert Frederick Wright &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4K-44G] - 1900(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ZX Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1933-1939, 1946-1954; Camp Hill, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1109, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (East Brisbane, Qld, 1925); storeman (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1954); retired (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''BUNTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Bunton|Bunton, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGWV-YFR] - 1872(Eng)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, Mosman, NSW) - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Mosman, 1930-1954)

===''BURBIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Arthur Burbidge|Burbidge, Philip Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HM-7JL] - 1910(Eng)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 3PB Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1931); 2PB Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 456, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant manager (Camberwell, 1934); manager (Bellevue Hill, 1943)
===''BURBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Alfred Burbury|Burbury, Eric Alfred]] - 1894(Tas)-1976(NSW) - early wireless experimenter (Tasmania, unlicensed?), ship wireless operator (1910s), broadcast engineer (AWA, Koo-we-rup; 2FC, chief engineer), brother of Harry Keith Burbury
* [[/Harry Keith Burbury|Burbury, Harry Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - 1897(Tas)-1986(NSW) - engineer (PMGD), brother of Eric Alfred Burbury

===''BURCHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Burchill|Burchill, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-8PF] - 1894(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4EM Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1925; Surry Hills, NSW, 1930); fitter (Long Bay Camp, NSW, 1933; Surry Hills, NSW, 1934-1936; Harbord, NSW, 1937); watchman (Maroubra, NSW, 1943-1949)

===''BURFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Patrick Burford|Burford, Walter Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHM2-CD9] - 1912(SA)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 5PB Naracoorte (1934-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1365, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, SA, 1939-1943)

===''BURGESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Thomas Burgess|Burgess, George Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W5-N95] - 1913(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5GC Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939; Henley Beach, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1233, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Henley, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas William Watkins Burgess|Burgess, Thomas William Watkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDZP-X1R] - 1861(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: XDA Wagga Wagga (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Wagga Wagga, 1901-1903)

===''BURGOYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Burgoyne|Burgoyne, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-1VS] - 1876(Wales)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (VIY, 1913-?); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, South Townsville, 1919); postmaster (Concord, 1930); public servant (Homebush, 1930); postmaster (Homebush, 1933; Strathfield, 1935; Inverell, 1936; Bondi North, 1943)

===''BURING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rudolph Buring|Buring, Rudolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L51C-YVT] - 1906(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 7AX Receive Hobart (1922-1923); Receive Hobart (1923-1924); 7RB Hobart (1925-1933); 3RB Melbourne (Ballarat, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 102, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 166, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electronics engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: university demonstrator (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Sale, 1936; Ballarat, 1936-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1972)

===''BURMESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Conrad Burmester|Burmester, Otto Conrad]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWN-7VX] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4OB Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1158, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 31, 1935; 1COCP 46, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (Toowong, Qld, 1943); PMG technician (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1980)
===''BURNS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud Edward James Burns|Burns, Claud Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCLY-P7V] - 1893(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4ZY Kingaroy (1932-1939); 4ZY Innisfail (1946-1947); 4ZY Cairns (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 996, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: supervising technician (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''BURRAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Allan Burrage|Burrage, John Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCW4-SLS] - 1916(Vic)-1942(Ins) - Licences: 3UW Melbourne (Deepdene, 1934-1937), 3UW (Shepparton, 1938-1939) -  Qualifications: AOCP 1322, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 59, 1936; 1COCP 291, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (3SR), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Shepparton, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/burrage-john-allan-400643/]

===''BURROWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Owen Burrows|Burrows, Alan Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNZG-V74] - 1901(NSW)-1933(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio correspondent (Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney Sun); proprietor Miss F. V. Wallace (Wireless Shop), 1927-1933; president Waverley Radio Club - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Waverley, 1930-1933) - Comment: Gone too soon
* [[/Ernest Walter Burrows|Burrows, Ernest Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-YQ8] - 1900(WA)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 6DZ Geraldton (1924-1927); 2DZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 659, 1921; 1COCP 5, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: technical assistant (Canterbury, NSW, 1937-1949; Earlwood, 1954-1980)
* [[/Frederick Harold Burrows|Burrows, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZDY-TKH] - 1894(Eng)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6BH Perth (Claremont, 1922-1924); 6BH Kalgoorlie (1925-1927); 6BF Perth (Beverley, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 193, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1916; Claremont, 1922; Kalgoorlie, 1925); headmaster (Beverley, 1937; Subiaco, 1943-1958); retired (Subiaco, 1963-1972)
* [[/John Charles Fry Burrows|Burrows, John Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKZ-LJ8] - 1897(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: XJCD Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 251, 1916 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Kew, 1919-1931); representative (Bairnsdale, 1934); commercial (Kew, 1936-1937); superintendent (Caulfield, 1943-1954); manager (Toorak, 1963-1980)

===''BURTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Reg Burton|Burton, Arthur Reg]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-3HM] - 1899(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4FE Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1935-1936; City, 1937-1939; Highgate Hill, 1946-1948); 1FE Heard Island (1954-1955); 4FE Thursday Island (1955-1956); 4FE Normanton (1960); 4FE Labrador (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1563, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); broadcast technician; federal public servant (PMGD) - Relationships: Likely father of 4BM Arthur Henry Burton - Electoral Rolls: artist (Lutwyche, Qld, 1921); picture showman (Beenleigh, Qld, 1922-1926);  motor engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1931-1934; South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); radio engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943); diesel engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Labrador, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''BUSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Talbot Busch|Busch, Reginald Talbot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ3-2P7] - 1907(Vic)-2005(Vic) - Licences: 3LS Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1923); 3LS Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1939; North Essendon, 1946-1969; Strathmore, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 157, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 286, 1936; 1AOCP 3, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; research engineer (1942) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); research engineer (Essendon, 1942-1968); research (Strathmore, 1972-1977)
===''BUSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Melville Bush|Bush, Albert Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBB7-DFN] - 1893(Vic)-1964(Vic) - 3YY Bendigo (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 197, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental apprentice (Bendigo, 1914-1919); dentist (Bendigo, 1922-1963)
===''BUSHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert William Bushby|Bushby, Thomas Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2G5-KTN] - 1900(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2TW Bulli (1927-1928); 2TW Sydney (Gladesville, 1929; Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1931-1933; Rose Bay, 1934; Bondi North, 1935-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 368, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 32, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hunters Hill, 1930; Gladesville, 1933); engineer (Rose Bay, 1934; Bellevue Hill, 1935; Bondi, 1936-1937; Kingsgrove, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Bexley, 1958-1963)

===''BUTCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Butcher|Butcher, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-77S] - 1912(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4EB Brisbane (Lutwyche, 1931-1933; Kedron, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 871, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937); teacher (Grange, Qld, 1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''BUTLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lloyd Butler|Butler, Alfred Lloyd &quot;Lloyd&quot;]] - Licences: 5BR Adelaide (Prospect, 1947); 5BR Murray Bridge (1948-1960); 5BR Adelaide (Panorama, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; historian (SA amateur, SA broadcast) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://users.tpg.com.au/ldbutler/index.htm Web]
* [[/Richard Edmund Butler|Butler, Richard Edmund &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQX1-ZPZ] - 1926(Vic)-2012(Vic) - Senior federal public servant (PMGD), Deputy General Secretary ITU 1983-1989, Secretary General ITU 1983-1989 [https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/ElectedOfficialBio.aspx?off=6]
===''BUTLER-WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bertie Saywell Butler-Wood|Butler-Wood, Bertie Saywell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXJ2-18J] - 1894(NSW)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4EJ Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (West End, Qld, 1919-1925); dentist (West End, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''BUTTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Butterfield|Butterfield, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L77T-FCW] - 1903(Eng)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6GW Perth (South Perth, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 906, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Northam, WA, 1925; South Perth, WA, 1931); radio engineer (South Perth, WA, 1936-1958); retired (South Perth, WA, 1977)

===''BUTTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Butters|Butters, William Leslie W.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2VQ7-BSV] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2WY Bermagui South (1928-1935); 2WY Sydney (Brooklyn, 1936-1938; Cronulla, 1939; Karuah, 1946-1947); 2WY Nambucca Heads (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 464, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fisheries inspector (Bermagui South, 1930; Brooklyn, 1936); clerk (Erskineville, 1943); retired (Nambucca Heads, 1949)

===''BUTTERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Butterworth|Butterworth, Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMLR-QDG] - 1910(NSW)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Wallsend (1929-1930); 2BU Wallsend (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 540, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wallsend, 1936-1958); manufacturer (Wallsend, 1963-1972); engineer (Rankin Park, 1977-1980)

===''BUZACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hardie Buzacott|Buzacott, Albert Hardie &quot;Hardie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7YK-QZ6] - 1914(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4UZ Toowoomba (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1242, 1934, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 260, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); radio operator (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Roma, Qld, 1949; Gympie, Qld, 1954-1972; Caloundra, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Richard Norman Buzacott|Buzacott, Richard Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ82-8ZL] - 1909(WA)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3RB Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1926; Burwood, 1931; Camberwell, 1933); 2TD Sydney (North Sydney, 1935-1936); 3TD Lubeck (1938-1939); 3TD Melbourne (Balwyn, 1946-1960); 3AUB Melbourne (Reservoir, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 298, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 61, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1931); broadcast engineer (North Sydney, 1934-1935); engineer (Camaray, NSW, 1936); broadcast engineer (Lubeck, 1937); wireless operator (Canterbury, 1943); technician (Canterbury, 1949-1954); engineer (Reservoir, 1963-1972)

=='''C'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''CAGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cagney|Cagney, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-9HV] - 1909(Qld)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Rockhampton (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1386, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Palings, piano tuner); associate I.R.E. Aust - Electoral Rolls: musical instrument worker (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1980)

===''CAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Cain|Cain, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MKN2-48M] - 1866(Isle of Man)-1940(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a/g superintendent, Central Mission, Wesley Church, Melbourne, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Mooroopna, 1903; North Melbourne, 1909-1913; Carlton, 1914-1919; Glenferrie, 1921-1924; Auburn, 1924-1927; Kew, 1928-1937)

===''CALDECOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry William Spencer Caldecott|Caldecott, Henry William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-K3M] - 1908(Canada)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 2SM Sydney (Manly, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928-1929; Manly, 1930-1931); 2DA Sydney (Manly, 1933-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 285, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 58, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Balgowlah, 1930-1968); engineer (Balgowlah, 1977-1980)- callsign 2SM withdrawn by PMGD for allocation to 2SM commercial broadcaster
===''CALDWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aleck Stewart Caldwell|Caldwell, Aleck Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5SS-6BB] - 1903(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley North, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver -  Comment: During 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Donald Pavy Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Black Forest, SA, 1939); assistant (Erindale, SA, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Donald Pavy Caldwell|Caldwell, Donald Pavy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVC2-5NT] - 1907(SA)-1959(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 29, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: amateur broadcaster but never held licence in his name, during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: Son of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; brother of Aleck Stewart Caldwell; nephew of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Clapham, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frank David Caldwell|Caldwell, Frank David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FQ9] - 1907(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2YF Sydney (Bondi, 1930-1936; Concord, 1937; Bondi, 1938-1939; Waverley, 1946-1969); 2YF Katoomba (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 587, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 404, 1938; BOCP 186, 1938  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: employee Clyde Engineering Works (Burwood, 1930); mechanic (Bondi, 1936-1937; Waverley, 1949-1958; Bronte, 1963-1968)
* [[/Robert Ballantyne Caldwell|Caldwell, Robert Ballantyne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2ZSH-LYB] - 1869(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: father of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell; brother of William Alexander Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: resident engineer (North Unley, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Rupert Christian Caldwell|Caldwell, Rupert Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W3-897] - 1893(Vic)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2YW Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1924); 2JO Sydney (Bondi Junction, 1928; Waverley, 1929-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1937; Bondi, 1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 415, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Waverley, 1930-1933; Woollahra, 1934-1936; Bondi Beach, 1937-1968); retired (Waverley, 1972; Bondi Beach, 1977; Malabar, 1980)
* [[/William Alexander Caldwell|Caldwell, William Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y4-P92] - 1881(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5DI Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1923); 5BP Adelaide (Unley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: during 1920s licences apparently shared with multiple family members - Relationships: brother of Robert Ballantyne Caldwell; uncle of Aleck Stewart Caldwell &amp; Donald Pavy Caldwell - Electoral Rolls: nil (Glenelg, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CALETTI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guido Caletti|Caletti, Guido &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-NV5] - 1900(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922; Newtown, 1922); 2CL Sydney (Newtown, 1923; Redfern, 1924; Annandale, 1924-1926; Punchbowl, 1927-1929; Penrose, 1930); 2AHV Sydney (Hurstville, 1938-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; CPRTelephony 649, 1921 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Punchbowl, 1930); mechanic (Bankstown, 1933); telephone mechanic (Hurstville, 1937-1949)
===''CALLABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Callaby|Callaby, Clarence James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBQ-38C] - 1910(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1934); 3BI Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 546, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: laboratory assistant (Concord, 1933-1935); chemist (Croydon, 1936-1937); industrial chemist (West Ryde, 1943-1958); company director (St Ives, 1963-1968); director (St Ives, 1972-1977)
===''CALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Victor Callick|Callick, Harold Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF4-P45] - 1898(Eng)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Herston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: surgical dresser (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1921-1925; Herston, Qld, 1937-1963; Alderley, Qld, 1943-1949; Herston, Qld, 1954-1958; Chermside, Qld, 1963); retired (Miami, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''CALLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival James Callow|Callow, Percival James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFB-TR6] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Albion, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Albion, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Glen Kedron, Qld, 1934; Kedron, Qld, 1936-1963); retired (Scarborough, Qld, 1968)

===''CAMERON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. R. Cameron|Cameron, A. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RC Adelaide (Leabrook, 1931-1938); 2AMK Sydney (Hunters Hill, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Milton Cameron|Cameron, Robert Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXL-HDJ] - 1907(Vic)-1985(SA) - Licences: 3OT Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1923); 3OT Melbourne (Malvern, 1924-1933); 2XV Sydney (Waverton, 1935; Cronulla, 1937-1939); 4CS Brisbane (Doomben, 1947; Archerfield, 1948); 3AC Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 112, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 87, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Malvern East, 1931-1934); aeradio operator (Cooktown, 1943); surveyor (Prahran, 1954)

===''CAMPBELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dallas Dwyer Campbell|Campbell, Dallas Dwyer]] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - 2KU? Receive Ulmarra (1922-23), 2CU Ulmarra (1924-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 5, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Douglas Gilmore Campbell|Campbell, Douglas Gilmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJBS-NDD] - 1888(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2JO Receive Kyogle (1922-1924), 2DG Kyogle (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 70, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Frank Valentine Campbell|Campbell, Frank Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-CGN] - 1901(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4GC George Alfred Campbell - Electoral Rolls: wireless expert (South Brisbane, Qld, 1926); mechanic (Kedron, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Kedron, Qld, 1934-1954); electrician (Haberfield, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Beacon Hill, NSW, 1968-1972)
* [[/Frederick Alexander Campbell|Campbell, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC4J-HG7] - 1849(Sct)-1930(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as listener, South Yarra, Vic) - Electoral Rolls: director (Melbourne, 1903-1913; South Yarra, 1914-1919); chief executive (South Yarra, 1924-1928)
* [[/George Alfred Campbell|Campbell, George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-C21] - 1894(Eng)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4GC Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1937-1939, 1947-1960); 4GC Mermaid Beach (1965-1975); 4GC Brisbane (Annerley, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2014, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of Frank Valentine Campbell - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (West End, Qld, 1925-1926; South Brisbane, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Annerley, Qld, 1968-1972; Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1977)
* [[/James Campbell|Campbell, James]] - 1845(Sct)-1893(Vic) - proprietor of engineering business in Ballarat, politician in Victoria, Postmaster-General Victoria (Apr 1884 - Feb 1886)
* [[/Neville Douglas Campbell|Campbell, Neville Douglas or Douglas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G73C-WVG] - 1912(Tas)-2007(Tas) - Licences: 7NC Hobart (City, 1932-1939, 1946-1956; Sandy Bay, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 993, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (New Town, 1943; Sandy Bay, 1949-1958)
* [[/Robert Campbell|Campbell, Robert]] - 1917(???)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4RC Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1180, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, treasurer, QSL officer) - Comment: numerous contemporaneous RCs - Electoral Rolls: Nile yet identified

===''CANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Fredrick Herrett Cannon|Cannon, Ronald Fredrick or Frederick Herrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7JW-T6L] - 1913(Tas)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7RC Wynyard (1932-1939); 3BRC Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 946, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 97, 1937; 1COCP 473, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; RAAFWR; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wynyard, 1936-1937); engineer (St Kilda, 1943); radio technician (Auburn, 1949; Hawthorn, 1954-1967); tv hirer (Hawthorn, 1968-1980)
===''CANSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathan Victor Charles Cansick|Cansick, Nathan Victor Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSJ-CXC] - 1907(Vic)-1968(NSW) - 3VE Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3AK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 139, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''CAREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Carey|Carey, Francis Joseph &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 18??-19?? -  X??, 4?? Toowoomba 1911-1914, 1922-1923, 2AMI Sydney (Centennial Park, 1933-1939; North Sydney 1946-1954; Fairfield 1955-1980) - amateur operator  (AOCP 1152, 1933, ?? in NSW) , radio club member (QWI), Halcyon: AOCP NSW 1925
* [[/John Thomas Carey|Carey, John Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Y9-TZ8] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 19, 1914 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (St Kilda, 1913; West End, Townsville, 1919)
===''CARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Lewis Carne|Carne, Ronald Lewis &quot;Ron&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-N3M] - 1910(Fiji)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4RP Hambledon Mill via Cairns (1935); 4RP Innisfail (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1186, 1933, Qld; 3COCP 429, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, 1936-1937); cane inspector (Sherwood, Qld, 1943); assistant cane inspector (Goondi Mill, Innisfail, Qld, 1949-1954); cane inspector (Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1954-1958); manager (Harwood Mill, Harwood Island, NSW, 1963; Victoria Mill, Ingham, Qld, 1968); retired (Bowen, Qld, 1972)

===''CARPENTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Carpenter|Carpenter, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPR-BJS] - 1900(WA)-1956(France) - Licences: No known licence - Qualifications: AOCP 376, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Northam, 1925-1936); instructor (South Perth, 1943); firewood vendor (Whyalla, 1948); teacher (Kalgoorlie, 1954)
===''CARRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Carrie|Carrie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Glanville, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''CARTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Carter|Carter, Albert Edward &quot;Birdie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDL-5CB] - 1916(Qld)-2014(Qld) - Licences: 4LT Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 4LT Nanango (1954); 4LT Brisbane (Carina, 1955-1969); 4LT Sunshine Beach (1975); 4LT Tewantin (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2143, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); wholesale grocery (S. Hoffnung &amp; Co); WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AECs - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1943-1949); manager (Nanango, Qld, 1954); departmental manager (Carina, Qld, 1958-1972); retired (Sunshine Beach, Qld, 1977; Tewantin, Qld, 1980))
* [[/Clarence Sydney William Carter|Carter, Clarence Sydney William]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5T1-TXL] - 1902(SA)-1962(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Kensington, 1923); 5CS Adelaide (Maylands, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 24, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Glen Osmond, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Frederick Pell Carter|Carter, Frederick Pell or Peel (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-2BC] - 1899(NSW)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5GK Adelaide (Mile End, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 761, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service station proprietor (Mile End, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/H. Carter|Carter, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Graceville, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: Numerous contemporaneous HCs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harry Raymond Carter|Carter, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9G5-KJT] - 1911(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2HC Quirindi (1926-1939; 1946-1980+); 2BE Portable Quirindi (1933-1934); 2AI Portable Quirindi (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 286, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Quirindi, 1933-1980) - Callsign 2BE withdrawn by PMGD for 2BE Bega commercial

===''CARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Carty|Carty, Bruce]] - historian (broadcast, amateur broadcast), author &quot;Australian Radio History&quot;

===''CASTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Castle|Castle, Clarence Henry &quot;Clarry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-7GR] - 1915(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5KL Adelaide (Prospect, 1933-1939); 5KL Darwin (1947-1948); 5KL Adelaide (Enfield Heights, 1954-1965; Enfield, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1209, 1933, SA; 2COCP 263, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CASWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Harold Caswell|Caswell, Archibald Harold &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCC-Y3X] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) -  Licences: 4CB Murgon (1934-1939); 4CB Maryborough (1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1340, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (POW); business proprietor (garage) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Maryborough, Qld, 1954-1972); retired (Torquay, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''CATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lester Evans Catford|Catford, Lester Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDD8-RCB] - 1911(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LC Gladstone (1931-1939, 1947); 5LC Adelaide (Malvern, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 789, 1931, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 357, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Lance Maynard Catford|Catford, Lance Maynard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQR-K2W] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5XL Clare (1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2372, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: share farmer (Clare, SA, 1939)

===''CAVANAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Mortimer Cavanagh|Cavanagh, William Mortimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-GPH] - 1908(Vic)-1995(NSW) - Receive Warburton (1923-1924), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925), 2WC Sydney (Potts Point, 1928), 2WC Goulburn (1930), 3WC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Williamstown, 1937-1939), 2WC Wauchope (1946-1980+), qualifications: (AOCP 214, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 598, 1942), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2, electoral rolls: sales (Goulburn, 1930; St Kilda, 1931-1934), radio dealer (Wauchope, 1949-1980)
===''CAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Cave|Cave, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB7-G73] - 1898(Eng?)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1925-1926); operator of Wills &amp; Co Receive licence 1924 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 129, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAF Wireless Operator); foundation member Tasmanian Gliding Club (instructor); returned to England 1931; likely Wing Commander RAF in WW2; possibly lost in SE Asia 1942 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CAWTHRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Cawthron|Cawthron, Edward Joseph &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBH-9SX] - 1908(NSW)-1964(SA) - Licences: 2JC Sydney (Concord, 1926-1933; Neutral Bay, 1931; Concord, 1933; Five Dock, 1933); 2VA Sydney (City, 1931); 2EJ Sydney (City, 1931); 5JC Adelaide (Kent Town, 1937-1939); 5JE Adelaide (Somerton, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954; Somerton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 308, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 323, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Haberfield, 1943)

===''CECIL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clyde Cecil|Cecil, Clyde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN5-XYG] - 1898(Vic)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6AB Kalgoorlie (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 154, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a listener, Kalgoorlie) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Kalgoorlie, 1919); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, 1921-1925; Maylands, 1928-1937); metallurgist (Nedlands, 1943); physicist (Nedlands, 1949-1954); school principal (Triggs Island, 1958-1963)

===''CHADWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Howel Chadwick|Chadwick, Richard Howel (Electoral Rolls) or Howell (BMD) &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3PQ-6HH] - 1896(NZ)-1955(Qld) - Licences: 4GU Brisbane (Wilston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1197, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (travelling salesman) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Zillmere, Qld, 1921); salesman (Wilston, Qld, 1925-1954)

===''CHAFFER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Martin Chaffer|Chaffer, Edward Martin &quot;Martin&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1Z-B3P] - 1905(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3XF Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1927); 6XF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 3XF Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1933); 2AEK Sydney (Potts Point, 1938); 3MH Hamilton (1947); 3MH Ballarat (1948); 3MH Swan Hill (1954); 3MH Melbourne (Preston, 1955-1956; Moonee Ponds, 1965-1969; Doncaster, 1975-1980) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 354, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 304, 1937; 2COCP 113, 1937; 1COCP 151, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic Essendon, treasurer, 1924), placed 2nd for best complete station Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1924; placed second for best complete station at Melbourne Wireless Exhibition 1925; placed 10th in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926; broadcast engineer (3HA, 3BA, 3SH), Dept Civil Aviation 1930s, military (WW2, 1942+) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1936); radio engineer (Hamilton, 1942; Ballarat, 1949; Swan Hill, 1954; Preston, 1963); radio technician (Moonee Ponds, 1967-1968); retired (Doncaster, 1977-1980) - Relationships: father of 3AII Ken Chaffer

===''CHALLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Robert Challen|Challen, Peter Robert]] - 1848(Eng)-1905(Vic) - early telephone, telephony &amp; wireless experimenter, employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Electrical Office &amp; Postmaster), radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria), associate of Henry Walter Jenvey, William Philip Bechervaise &amp; George Smibert
===''CHALLENDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard Challender|Challender, Gerard &quot;Gerry&quot;]] - 1910(Eng)-1950(NSW) - 2ZS Kempsey, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, high profile participation 1950 Kempsey floods, military (WW2)
===''CHALLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Reginald Challenger|Challenger, George Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3YQ-ZZB] - 1902(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: 2GC Sydney (Auburn, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Auburn, 1930-1935)

===''CHAMBERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Rupert Chambers|Chambers, Francis Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYY2-JKX] - 1898(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 247, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Camberwell, 1924-1925); contractor (Geraldton, 1931; Mt Waverley, 1934-1936); linesman (Seaford, 1937; Frankston, 1942); technician (Frankston, 1949; Seaford, 1954); retired (Upwey, 1963; McRae, 1968)
* [[/Walter Alfred Chambers|Chambers, Walter Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3N6-VX1] - 1889(Qld)-1968(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 151, 1915; 2COCP 100, 1930; 1COCP 96, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Thursday Island, 1912-1913); radio telegraphist (Wyndham, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Subiaco, 1917); radio telegraphist (Esperance, 1921-1925); officer-in-charge (Geraldton, 1925); radio officer (Como, 1931-1934; Esperance, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Como, 1943-1968)

===''CHANDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Beals Chandler|Chandler, John Beals]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HN-HXH] - 1887(Eng)-1962(Qld) - principal (4BC); proprietor (J. B. Chandler &amp; Co., 1913-1962); Lord Mayor Brisbane (1940-1952); witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - don't confuse D. W. Chandler early wireless experimenter - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chandler-sir-john-beals-9724 ADB]
===''CHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Channon|Channon, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BO Receive Inverell (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Lloyd Lister Channon|Channon, Lloyd Lister]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD59-4NS] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Receive Manilla (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Elsmore, 1913); postal official (Raymond Terrace, 1930-1949)

===''CHAPMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Chapman|Chapman, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZYW-3F4] - 1864(NSW)-1926(NSW) - occupations (apprentice saddler, hotelier), politician (Postmaster-General, 1905-1907), oversight of Commonwealth Wireless Telegraphy conference Melbourne 1907 - Links: [[w:Austin Chapman|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chapman-sir-austin-5554 ADB]
* [[/Bruce Amundsen Chapman|Chapman, Bruce Amundsen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VL-575] - 1912(WA)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2BA Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939; Balgowlah, 1946-1958; St Ives, 1960-1969 - Qualifications: AOCP 696, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shipping clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1937); clerk (Balgowlah, 1949-1958; St Ives, 1963-1968)
* [[/E. B. Chapman|Chapman, E. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank William Chapman (Qld)|Chapman, Frank William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC5-KB3] - 1898(???)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4XL Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939); 4ZFC Brisbane (Ekibin, 1965); 4TH Brisbane (Ekibin, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 785, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Salisbury, Qld, 1928); labourer (Yeronga, Qld, 1929-1937); waterside worker (Paddington, Qld, 1943-1949); PMG technician (Ekibin, Qld, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frank William Chapman (WA)|Chapman, Frank William (WA)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBXD-TFK] - 1918(Vic)-1988(WA) - Licences: 6CC Perth (Manning Park, 1954-1965; Bassendean, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3319, 1953, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Chidlow, WA, 1949); teacher (Manning Park, WA, 1954-1963); technical school principal (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1963); teacher (Bassendean, WA, 1968-1977); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1980)
* [[/Harrison Chapman|Chapman, Harrison &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-2C5] - 1909(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3JX Receive Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1922); 3GU Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1929-1939, 1946-1965; Flinders, 1965-1975); 3AGU Portable Melbourne (Ivanhoe, 1948-1956; Flinders, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 513, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1AOCP 32, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Ivanhoe, 1931-1936); chemist (Geelong, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942; Ivanhoe, 1949-1954); chemical engineer (Ivanhoe, 1963); minister of religion (Flinders, 1968); clergyman (Flinders, 1972-1977)
* [[/Owen George Chapman|Chapman, Owen George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8YX-YLK] - 1904(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2OC Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 669, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Wyong, 1930-1958)
* [[/Percival Carnew Lamont Chapman|Chapman, Percival Carnew Lamont &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-5M8] - 1911(Qld)-2008(Qld) - 4PC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1933); 4PC Babinda (1937-1939); 4PC Monto (1946-1975); 4PC Point Vernon (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1155, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); occupation (power house engineer/manager) - Relationships: father of Geoff Chapman 4CET - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1943; Monto, Qld, 1949-1972); retired (Point Vernon, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Chapman|Chapman, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZ2X-8KG] - 1890(Tas)-1957(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 116, 1915; 1COCP 63, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal wireless operator; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo AWA) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1925); officer-in-charge (Radio Station Applecross, 1931-1954)

===''CHAPPELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Arthur Chappell|Chappell, Lloyd Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69G-SB9] - 1911(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7LC Ross (1936-1937); 7LC Winnaleah (1938-1939); 7LC Hobart (Kingston, 1947-1955; Sandy Bay, 1956-1975; Coles Bay, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1828, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 172, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ross, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Queenstown, 1943; Kingston, 1949-1958)

===''CHARLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Charles|Charles, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QC-V3V] - 1916(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5YQ Adelaide (North Unley, 1935-1939; Unley, 1947-1948; Ascot Park, 1954-1956; Hyde Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1443, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Unley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CHARLESWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Denison Charlesworth|Charlesworth, Reginald Denison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW1M-CKJ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2CI Receive Sydney (Haberfield, 1922); 2CI Sydney (Haberfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: migrated to Fiji mid 1920s, returned to Australia mid 1930s - Electoral Rolls: factory manager (Summer Hill, 1933); engineer (Haberfield, 1935-1937); Lane Cove, 1943); radio engineer (Dee Why, 1949-1954); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1958-1972)

===''CHARTERIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Charteris|Charteris, Michael]] - 4QS Ipswich &amp; Maryborough - amateur operator, historian (amateur)

===''CHATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Greatham Chatfield|Chatfield, Robert Greatham &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK92-9L1] - 1900(NZ)-1974(NZ) - Licences: ZL2AV Wellington (1925-1954+) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 1925, No. ?? in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clubs (Wellington Amateur Radio Club 2WB, member and one time president) - Relationships: father of Don Chatfield ZL2SG - Comment: substantial early portion (100+) of QSL collection survives - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wellington, 1922); salesman (Wellington, 1931-1954); retired (Wellington, 1963-1972)
===''CHATTERTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Joseph Chatterton|Chatterton, Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZWW-952] - 1902(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: 7AY Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Hobart, 1925-1928)
===''CHAUVEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Temple Frank Chauvel|Chauvel, Walter Temple Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH5T-WNQ] - 1902(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Stanthorpe (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1925-1928); grazier (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1928-1943); radio engineer (Texas, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (East Ballina, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''CHEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Reginald Cheel|Cheel, Charles Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N1J-PTC] - 1890(Vic)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5CR Adelaide (Maylands, 1934-1939, 1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1278, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CHENNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Chennell|Chennell, Victor &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBH-1XV] - 1907(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5JH Adelaide (Norwood, 1927-1933; Cowandilla, 1937-1939; North Adelaide, 1946-1956; Ascot Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 346, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer? (Goodwood Park, 1939)

===''CHESSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chessell|Chessell, John or John Carl]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN16-XWP]? [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2M1-9GS]? - 1914(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2LV Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1929-1934); 2YU Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1935-1936; Ashfield, 1937-1939); 2ER Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 517, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Croydon, 1936; Bowral, 1937-1954) - seems to be two contemporaneous John Chessel's
===''CHESTERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Chesterfield|Chesterfield, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVH-3SK] - 1895(Vic)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 5JC Adelaide (Wayville, 1924-1926); 2ACQ Sydney (Strathfield, 1937-1939); 4HJ Brisbane (Cleveland, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 23, 1914; 1COCP 266, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Croydon, NSW, 1930); radio engineer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1931-1935); department manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1935); radio engineer (Strathfield, 1936; Pymble, NSW, 1943; Cleveland, Qld, 1949-1963); retired (Mermaid Beach, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''CHICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Garth Chick|Chick, Leonard Garth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6SW-7PJ] - 1918(Tas)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 7LG Launceston (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1973, 1937, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 227, 1939; 2COCP 550, 1941; 1COCP 1264, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Swan Point, 1944); aeradio operator (Lindisfarne, 1949); technician (Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954); draftsman (East Keilor, 1963-1968); surveyor (Forster, 1977-1980)
===''CHILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Oliver Chilton|Chilton, Frederick Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-XFL] - 1905(NSW)-2007(NSW)102yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Wahroonga, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 147, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur receive operator; military (Brigadier); awards (Knighted) - Relationships: brother of 2RC Robert Ralph Chilton - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1943); civil servant (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1967); retired (Clareville Beach, NSW, 1972-1980) - Links: [[w:Frederick Oliver Chilton|Wikipedia]]
* [[/George Frederick Chilton|Chilton, George Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3CR-41Q] - 1891(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 2GF Sydney (Pennant Hills, 1924; Carlingford, 1925); 4GD Townsville (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 160, 1915; 1COCP 10, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal operator (VIG, VIB, VIS, VIT, Rockbank); wireless telegraphist (PMG); RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917); federal public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1919-1921); radio stationmaster (South Townsville, Qld, 1925; Glenferrie, 1927; Wireless Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1942); engineer (St Kilda, 1949-1954)
* [[/Robert Ralph Chilton|Chilton, Robert Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNR-821] - 1907(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1925-1926); 2RC Gloucester (1927); 2RC Sydney (Wahroonga, 1928-1939, 1946-1947; Roseville East, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 152, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist assistant (Wahroonga, 1933); chemist (Stanthorpe, 1954-1963; Sherwood, Qld, 1972) - Relationships: brother of Frederick Oliver Chilton

===''CHINERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jessie Camelia Chinery|Chinery or Chinnery, Jessie Camelia]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMP-6NZ] - 1915(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6JC Perth (Welshpool, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1866, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: not stated (Welshpool, WA, 1937) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''CHIPPINDALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Kellett Chippindall|Chippindall, Eric Kellett &quot;Chippy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFCB-MNZ] - 1916(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939); 4XR Gympie (1946-1969); 4XR Brisbane (Paddington, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1940, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4SB, 4BU, 4LG, 4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1949); announcer-engineer (Gympie, Qld, 1954-1958); shopkeeper (Paddington, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''CHISHOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham St Clair Chisholm|Chisholm, Graham St Clair]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX47-TTR] - 1915(Qld)-2002(WA) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1933); 3ACG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1947-1948); 5PG Darwin (1955-1956); 1AB Canberra (Canberra City, 1960; Ainslie, 1965); 6IB Perth (Dalkeith, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1101, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 18, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcaster (3SR, Shepparton, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (South Yarra, Vic, 1949-1954); broadcaster (Reid, ACT, 1958; Ainslie, ACT, 1963; Dalkeith, WA, 1968-1972); manager (Nedlands, 1977-1980)

===''CHITHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Norman Chitham|Chitham, William Norman &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-KJK] - 1912(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4UU Brisbane (Bulimba, 1933-1934; Fortitude Valley 1937-1939; Cannon Hill, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 913, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor, QSL officer); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; military (WW2) - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Cannon Hill, 1949-1963); buyer (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''CHRISMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Chrismas|Chrismas, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YC-FC2] - 1892(NSW)-1950(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 250, 1916; 1COCP 31, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIW Wyndham (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916); wireless operator (Wyndham, 1917; Applecross, 1925); radio telegraphist (Broome, 1931; Geraldton, 1936-1949)

===''CLAFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keighran James Claffey|Claffey, Keighran James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84R-LLP] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AK Deniliquin (1928-1939); 2AK Picton (1946); 2AK Deniliquin (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 459, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarrandale, 1949; Deniliquin, 1954; Yarrandale, 1958-1963); retired (Deniliquin, 1977-1980)
===''CLARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Clark|Clark, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-CJH] - 1903(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3FC Rainbow (1928); 3FC Melbourne (St Kilda, 1931; Hawthorn, 1933; Elwood, 1937; St Kilda, 1938); 3FC Mildura (1946-1947); 3FC Ouyen (1948-1960); 3FC Geelong (Leopold, 1969; Clifton Springs, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 426, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal official (Rainbow, 1925); postal clerk (Rainbow, 1928); clerk (St Kilda, 1931-1937); senior postal clerk (Red Cliffs, 1942); postmaster (Ouyen, 1949-1954); retired (Clifton Springs, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank P. R. Clark|Clark, Frank P. R.]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFG-WRN] - 1900(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924); 2YF Sydney (Manly, 1925) - Qualifications: AOCP 122, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: gone too soon
* [[/Leopold Francis Clark|Clark, Leopold Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273Q-3D5] - 1902(Tas)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7CK Natone (1932-1939); 7CK Burnie (1946-1948); Deloraine (1954-1969); Lanena (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 989, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Natone, 1928-1936; Burnie, 1943-1949); grazier (Needles, 1954; Deloraine, 1963)
===''CLARKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Fraser Clarke|Clarke, Percival Fraser &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ3-4J2] - 1896(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4PY Ayr (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1781, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jarvisfield, Qld, 1919-1937; Aspley, Qld, 1949-1972)
* [[/Warren Ross Clarke|Clarke, Warren Ross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NT-LSN] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Mosman,1930-1933; Asquith, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 650, 1930, NSW; 2COCP 6, 1934; 1COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Asquith, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1936); radio officer (Mosman, 1943); flight radio officer (Mosman, 1949-1954); clerk (Glenbrook, 1963); travel consultant (Glenbrook, 1972); clerk (Merrylands, 1972); planner (North Rocks, 1977-1980)
* [[/William George Clarke|Clarke, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ2-1QS] - 1884(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 32, 1930 - RANRS (temp Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: several contemporaneous WGCs - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Townsville, 1916); seaman (HMAS Encounter, Geelong, 1919); biograph operator (Langwarrin Military Camp, Vic, 1919); hotel manager (Naval Base Hotel, South Fremantle, 1931)

===''CLAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard George Clay|Clay, Richard George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZZ-LGN] - 1903(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RC Melbourne (Northcote, 1929; Alphington, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 536, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Northcote, 1925-1927); welder (Northcote, 1928); electric welder (Alphington, 1931); welder (Richmond, 1936-1937; Alphington, 1942; Northcote, 1949); contractor (Traralgon, 1954-1972) 
===''CLAYTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maisie Ian Jesson Clayton|Rawson nee Clayton, Maisie Ian Jesson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RT-25P] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 488, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio worker (Artarmon, 1937); engineer (Kirribilli, 1949); radio engineer (Lane Cove, 1954-1963); engineer (Lane Cove, 1968-1972); home duties (Lane Cove, 1977-1980) - Lady:
* [[/Maurice Charles Clayton|Clayton, Maurice Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86J-HX3] - 1912(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1930-1931); 5ZC Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 596, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon (24yo)
* [[/Walter George Gladstone Clayton|Clayton, Walter George Gladstone &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3XN-J1N] - 1918(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4WG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4WG Brisbane (Windsor, 1946-1969); 4WG Townsville (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1868, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF Signals); state public servant (Qld Railways, supervising tech. comms.) - Relationships: uncle of Maise Ian Jesson Rawson nee Clayton (Radio Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Windsor, 1954-1968); technician (Townsville, 1972-1980)

===''CLIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Cliff|Cliff, Harry]] - 1908(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HC Melbourne (Essendon, 1928-1948; Heidelberg, 1954-1975); 3HC Point Lonsdale (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 400, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: implement maker (Moonee Ponds, 1906); engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1928); clerk (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937); company secretary (North Melbourne, 1943); director (Ivanhoe, 1954-1968; Heidelberg, 1972); retired (Point Lonsdale, 1977-1980) (pre 1928 is another Harry Cliff)
===''CLIFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Glendenning Clifford|Clifford, Herbert Glendenning]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTS-4CN] - 1882(Eng)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5BW Receive Renmark (1923); Receive Renmark (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Renmark, SA, 1939-1943)

===''CLINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gladstone Clinch|Clinch, Frederick Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5P-TWM] - 1898(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6JR Greenough (1928-1933); 6FG Miling (1960); 6FG Perth (Doubleview, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 468, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Greenough, 1922-1943); garage proprietor (Miling, 1958); retired (Doubleview, 1963-1972) - Relationships: Father of 6CL Ian Harold Wilson Clinch
* [[/Ian Harold Wilson Clinch|Clinch, Ian Harold Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQX-YS1] - 1926(WA)-19??(WA) - Licences: 6CL Miling (1960-1965); 6CL Dandaragan (1969); 6CL Rossmoyne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3596, 1957 - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Leederville, 1949); manager (Miling, 1958-1963); radio technician (Dongara, 1968); technician (Rossmoyne, 1972-1980) - Relationships: son of 6JR-6FG Frederick Gladstone Clinch

===''CLOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alvin Theodore Closs|Closs, Alvin Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L67V-HG7] - 1895(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: V750 Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922); 3GV Receive Melbourne (Olinda, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Brighton, 1917); storekeeper (Olinda, 1924-1931); salesman (Olinda, 1934-1937); civil servant (Tunstall, 1943-1954); retired (Yarra Junction, 1963-1972)
===''CLOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Edward Clough|Clough, James Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 483, 1929, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - several contemporaneous JECs

===''COADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Coade|Coade, Ernest]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rutherglen, 1914); mechanic (Thursday Island, 1919)
===''COAKLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas James Coakley|Coakley, Thomas James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX24-W7T] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: 5UK Adelaide (Unley, 1933-1939); 3IU Melbourne (Camberwell, 1947; Essendon, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1105, 1933, No. ?? in SA, 3COCP 61, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: aero fitter (Auburn, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1943; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1980)

===''COALTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Coalter|Coalter, Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSR-STB] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 1, 1914 - ship wireless operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''COATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Melbourne Coates|Coates, Alfred Melbourne or Melbourne Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-MCZ] - 1884(???)-1964(Vic) - Licences: V757 Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922); 3GG Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 (USA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Elsternwick, 1921-1937; Kalorama, 1943-1954)

===''COFFEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Freeman Coffey|Coffey, Henry Freeman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3QL-BR1] - 1885(Irl)-1934(NSW) - Licences: 4KY Brisbane (Doomben, 1925-1926; Hamilton, 1927); 2ZY Sydney (Willoughby, 1929; Maroubra, 1930-1934) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 52, 1915; 1COCP 12, 1930 - Halycyon: AOCP Brisbane 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless operator (Marconi, White Star, Booth Steamship, Iquitos Steamship, Union Castle); RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); coastal operator (CRS, PMGD, AWA); federal public servant - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Middle Park, Vic, 1919); engineer (Malvern East, 1922-1924); radiostation master (Thursday Island, 1925); wireless operator (Doomben, Qld, 1925-1928); engineer (Chatswood, 1930); wireless mechanic (Maroubra, 1930-1934)

===''COHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derrick Cohen|Cohen, Derek or Derrick Simeon &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCF-DR7] - 1914(Eng)-2010(NSW) - Licences: 2YM Sydney (Dobroyd Point, 1932-1933; Kings Cross, 1933; Clovelly, 1934-1936); 4YM Brisbane (City, 1937-1939); 1YM Macquarie Island (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 238, 1930; AOCP 1011, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West End, Qld, 1943); technician (Coburg, Vic, 1954); television producer (Chatswood, NSW, 1963; Little Wallaby Beach, NSW, 1977)

===''COLEBATCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Vincent Colebatch|Colebatch, Ernest Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Q2-974] - 1905(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5CG Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Norwood, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Belair, SA, 1939-1941)

===''COLESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Russell Coleston|Coleston, Stanley Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-KQL] - 1913(Vic)-2012(Qld) - Licences: 3XK Melbourne (Middle Park, 1930-1931; Gardenvale, 1933; Glenhuntly, 1937-1939, 1946-1955); 9XK Port Moresby (1956-1960); 3AXK Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969); 4XA Brisbane (Geebung, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 688, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Glenhuntly, 1936-1942; Caulfield East, 1949-1954); public servant (Mt Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Geebung, 1977-1980)

===''COLLARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Felton Collard|Collard, Cyril John Felton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97X9-6VY] - 1896(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2CF Maitland West (1927-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 362, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 540, 1941; BOCP 541, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lorn, 1930-1963); retired (North Maitland, 1968)
===''COLLINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Henry Joseph Collins|Collins, Clarence Henry Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1Y1-GB1] - 1891(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5FC Adelaide (Marryatville, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1043, 1932, SA; BOCP 29, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Marryatville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''COLLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Andrew Collis|Collis, George Andrew]] - 1869(Tas)-1926(Tas) - Receive Hobart, radio clubs (Tasmanian Radio Club, foundation member, 1922+), electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1921) - potential misidentification, George Arthur Collis, Radio Research Club, Hobart, witness to Royal Commission Wireless 1927
* [[/Ralph Collis|Collis, Ralph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-48N] - 1918(WA)-2013(WA)105yo - Licences: 6LY Perth (Bayswater, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1454, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bayswater, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); proprietor (Cadoux, WA, 1963; Tuart Hill, WA, 1968); business proprietor (Dianella, WA, 1972-1977); proprietor (Bedford, WA, 1980)

===''COLTHEART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence James Coltheart|Coltheart, Clarence James]] - 1885(Tas)-1962(Tas) - Licences: 7BF Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Brunswick, Vic, 1913-1914; Queenstown, 1922-1954)
===''COLTHRUP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Colthrup|Colthrup, James Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBW8-J4Z] - 1908(Vic)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 3PL Melbourne (Clifton Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1368, 1934, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 374, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, Wireless &amp; Gunnery School) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1931); engineer (Clifton Hill, 1937); airman (Clifton Hill, 1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/623876]
===''COLVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Victor Colville|Colville, Sydney Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3WQ-S78] - 1894(Vic)-1966(NSW) - Licences: XQF Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913); 2FA Receive Sydney (1922); 2FA Sydney (1923-1925); 2VH Sydney (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; wireless retail business proprietor (Colville Moore) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloongabba, 1917; Chelmer, 1919-1921); broker (Bowen Hills, 1922); manufacturer (Drummoyne, NSW, 1930-1933); merchant (Lane Cove, 1935-1936); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1936-1937); company director (Glenbrook, 1943-1963)

===''CONDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Sylvester Condon|Condon, Austin Sylvester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RG-K2K] - 1924(SA)-2011(SA) - Licences: 5WO Laura (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3012, 1949, SA - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil [https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/obituaries-tributes-to-three-of-our-finest/news-story/845c3a27d81fd8a8f4bbe436503a9b1e Obit]
===''CONDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Tasman Conder|Conder, Walter Tasman &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6CJ-DTS] - 1888(Tas)-1974(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as General Manager, BCA, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Launceston, 1914); soldier (Langwarrin Military Camp, 1918-1921; Melbourne, 1924); secretarial (Melbourne, 1925-1928); entrepreneur (Melbourne, 1931-1937); secretary (Melbourne, 1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/conder-walter-tasman-5747 ADB]
===''CONGDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bert Congdon|Congdon, Bert &quot;Bertie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VVJ-CMW] - 1891(Vic)-1961(WA) - 6BA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923-1924), 6BC Perth (Subiaco, 1927-1939, 1946-1960), amateur operator (AOCP 382, 1927, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW1, civil servant (Subiaco, 1925-1958)
===''CONNELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dermot Anthony Connelly|Connelly, Dermot Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L5-2VC] - 1903(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3BU Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922); 3BU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925); 3ADK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1948; Ivanhoe, 1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Caulfield, 1927-1936); Air Force officer (St Kilda, 1937); nil (Frankston, 1949); photographer (Ivanhoe, 1954-1963)
===''CONNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilson Connon|Connon, George Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGF-8Z2] - 1907(Sct)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5KJ Booleroo (1937-1939); 5KJ Yunta (1947); 5KJ Alice Springs (1948-1954); 5KJ Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1955-1956); 5KJ Port Lincoln (1960); 5KJ Berri (1965-1969); 5KJ Barmera (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1991, 1937, SA; 2COCP 336, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pensioner (Millswood East, SA, 1939); bookkeeper (Port Augusta, SA, 1941-1948); radio technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1949-1954)

===''CONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emmett Bernard Connor|Connor, Emmett Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-L7Q] - 1913(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4CE Gindie (1936); 4OC Longreach (1956); 4OC Fernlees (1960); 4OC Brisbane (Aspley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; BOCP 280, 1940; 3COCP 5529, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing shed hand (Gindie, Qld, 1936); radio mechanic (Enoggera, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Longreach, Qld, 1943-1949); business Manager (Cramsie, Longreach, Qld, 1954-1958); grazier (&quot;Ronnoc Downs&quot;, Fernlees, Qld, 1958-1963; Aspley, Qld, 1963-1977)
* [[/Laurance Kingsley Connor|Connor, Laurance Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2GD-KPT] - 1907(NSW)-1950(NSW) - 2LK Sydney (Belmore, 1925-1926), 2ALC Sydney (Lakemba, 1948; Cammeray, 1950), amateur operator (AOCP 68, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 881, 1925; 2COCP 199, 1930; 1COCP 220, 1939), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Stephen James Connor|Connor, Stephen James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH4J-FP4] - 1894(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 235, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, 1917); electrical engineer (Strathfield, NSW, 1930; Lismore, NSW, 1933); electrician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1934; Strathfield, NSW, 1936-1963); retired (Lapstone, NSW, 1972)
* [[/Terence Connor|Connor, Terence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-3DV] - 1916(Tas)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 7CT Hobart (Rokeby, 1936-1939; City, 1946-1948); 7CT Huonville (1954-1960); 7CT Hobart (Bellerive, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1643, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: auto-electrician (New Town, 1943; Hobart North, 1949); manager (Huonville, 1949-1954); sales rep. (Bellerive, 1963-1977)

===''CONRAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Ernest Conrad|Conrad, Raymond Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSP2-VGS] - 1905(Tas)-1977(Tas) - Licences: 2TR Sydney (Bexley, 1930-1937; Rockdale, 1938-1939); 7TR Hobart (Derwent Park, 1947; Moonah, 1948-1956; Berriedale, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 651, 1930, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 308, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: battery fitter (Bexley, 1930); storeman (Bexley, 1931-1934); clerk (Bexley, 1935-1936; Rockdale, 1937); purchasing officer (Cameray, 1943); radio manufacturer (Moonah, 1949-1954); engineer (Hospital, Rosetta, 1963)
===''CONRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Conry|Conry, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJL-HCR] - 1892(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 3OK Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1925); 3CO Melbourne (Brighton, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 260, 1916; 1COCP 44, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (Merchant Marine); RANRS; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD Vic) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1919; Armadale, 1921-1924); inspector (Brighton, 1925-1937); radio inspector (South Brisbane, 1943-1949); postal official (St Lucia, 1954-1958)
===''CONWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn Laurence Dean Conway|Conway, Mervyn Laurence Dean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MH-GHZ] - 1912(Tas)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7CL Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1960); 7CL Hobart (West Hobart, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1684, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Nelson, 1936); school teacher (Launceston East, 1937); teacher (Devonport, 1943; New Town, 1949-1958)

===''COOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Byron Cook|Cook, Ernest Byron &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M46M-M3J] - 1902(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3CK Tresco (1926-1927); 3CK Kerang (1931); 3EC Swan Hill (1938-1939); 3EC Melbourne (Coburg, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 295, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Swan Hill, 1937-1942)
* [[/Victor Roy Percival Cook|Cook, Victor Roy Percival &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYJG-6C6] - 1899(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: XVN Adelaide (1913-1914); S099 Adelaide (1920s); 5AC Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1927; Rose Park, 1928-1931; Kilkenny, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Woodville, 1954-1975; Somerton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 94, 1925, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: analyst (Kilkenny, 1939-1943)
===''COOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive J. Cooke|Cooke, Clive J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4CC Brisbane (Chermside, -1952+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
* [[/Frank Basil Cooke|Cooke, Frank Basil &quot;Basil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7Q6-TN8] - 1892(SA)-1967(NSW) - XADW Sydney (1913), 2LI Sydney (1922-1924), 2XQ Receive Sydney (1923), 2DJ Sydney (Northbridge, 1924-1931; Mosman, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP; AOCP 39, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA NSW, vice-president 1923)
* [[/Frederick William Cooke|Cooke, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB8-V6L] - 1906(Eng)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Footscray, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 311, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: meter tester (Footscray, 1926-1949)
===''COOKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Cookson|Cookson, Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YD-87L] - 1889(Eng)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 201, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1919); no occupation (Darlinghurst, 1949); clerk (Northbridge, 1949-1963; Bexley, NSW, 1968)
* [[/Joseph George Cookson|Cookson, Joseph George &quot;George&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGCW-Z8N] - 1888(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 862, 1925; 2COCP 21, 1929; 1COCP 34, 1930 - RANRS (1919), AWA - Relationships: Father of Leonard Kenneth Cookson - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Crossover, Vic, 1912-1913; Bacchus Marsh, 1914-1915); mechanic (Alphington, 1917); engineer (Cooktown, 1919); radio engineer (Radio Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1930-1935; Croydon, NSW, 1943-1958) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]
* [[/Leonard Kenneth Cookson|Cookson, Leonard Kenneth &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ8-JHV] - 1917(Vic)-2005(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - AWA - Relationships: Son of Joseph George Cookson - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Concord, NSW, 1943); electrical fitter (Croydon, 1943-1954; Glebe, 1958; Blacktown, 1963-1980) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199009.pdf EA]

===''COOLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Cooling|Cooling, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVZL-GSC] - 1885(Qld)-1936(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Toowoomba (1924-1927) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 11, 1924, No. 3 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (Toowoomba, 1924), (Halcyon P. 4) - Comment: A tragic end to a productive life - TroveTag: &quot;4BN - Ernest Richard Cooling&quot; - Electoral Rolls: letter carrier (Toowoomba, 1908); telegraphist (Bowen, 1912); postal assistant (Toowoomba, 1913-1930)
===''COOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Saint Coombe|Coombe, Geoffrey Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-TXS] - 1913(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5ML Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1931-1939; Croydon, 1947-1948; Brooklyn Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 756, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5MR Jack Robert Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, 1941)
* [[/Jack Robert Saint Coombe|Coombe, Jack Robert Saint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPJ-T3C] - 1910(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5MR Adelaide (Stirling West, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2923, 1949, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5ML Geoffrey Saint Coombe - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939; Croydon, SA, 1941); electrical mechanic (Mt Lofty, SA, 1943)

===''COOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Edwin Charles Cooper|Cooper, Alfred Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV9-9GK] - 1904(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2AL Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1926); 2UO Sydney (Northbridge, 1947-1950); 2AUO Sydney (Yacht Asgard, 1948-1960); 4AY Surfers Paradise (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 180, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 626, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fruit merchant (Ashfield, 1931); director (Northbridge, 1943-1958); company director (Clareville, 1963-1977)
* [[/Eric Cooper|Cooper, Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1M-WC4] - 1925(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 870, 1960, Tas - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Evandale, 1949); radio technician (Evandale, 1954)
* [[/Ernest Edward Cooper|Cooper, Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5F-RLJ] - 1905(Tas)-1951(Tas) - Licences: 7MK Launceston (Youngtown, 1926-1927); 7MC Launceston (City, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 261, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 151, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: may be related to 7ZEC Evandale (1965-1975) Eric Cooper  - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Hobart, 1928); radio engineer (Ulverstone, 1936; Launceston East, 1943; Launceston West, 1949) 
* [[/Harold More Cooper|Cooper, Harold More or Harold Moore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ58-SJP] - 1886(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923-1925); 5HG Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 257, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; submarine cable telegraphist; archaeologist; historian - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cooper-harold-more-9821 ADB]
* [[/James Herbert Cooper|Cooper, James Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVTJ-14B] - 1914(NSW)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2ZG Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1930-1939 - Qualifications: AOCP 701, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Crows Nest, 1936-1943); broker (Mosman, 1949); stock and sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1949-1968); sharebroker (Wahroonga, 1972); broker (St Ives, 1977-1980)

===''CORDINGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harold Cordingley|Cordingley, Charles Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJK-SB4] - 1892(Eng)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ararat, 1913); electrical engineer (Flemington, 1915-1919); engineer (Ascot Vale, 1921-1954)
===''CORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert James Core|Core, Herbert James &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PF-R2Q] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4HC Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2012, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 392, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; formerly Sydney - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Greenslopes, Qld, 1929); assistant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949; Camp Hill, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''CORNELIUS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Edward Cornelius|Cornelius, Eric Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7P-2MD] - 1916(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6EC Albany (1936-1939); 6EC Kalgoorlie (1947-1948); 6EC Wagin (1954-1955); 6EC Perth (Inglewood, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1635, 1936, WA; TVOCP 200, 1959 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Station 6WA, Wagin, 1949-1954; Inglewood, WA, 1958-1977)

===''CORNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Cameron Corney|Corney, Kenneth Cameron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-2MB] - 1899(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: V755 Receive Bairnsdale (1922); 3GY Receive Bairnsdale (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gogeldrie, NSW, 1949); grazier (Metung, Vic, 1963-1980)

===''COTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alfred Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNH3-P9L] - 1897(SA)-1973(SA) - Licences: XVS Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5HY Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1926-1928; Colonel Light Gardens, 1931; Kilburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 270, 1926, No. ?? in SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA SA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Semaphore, 1939); clerk (Findon, 1943)
* [[/Arthur Tylney Cotton|Cotton, Arthur Tylney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7G8-SGG] - 1884(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: Receive Spring Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Kelvedon, 1914-1963)
* [[/Leith Simpson Cotton|Cotton, Leith Simpson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR2-12K] - 1905(SA)-2001(SA) - Licences: 5LG Adelaide (Burnside, 1932-1933); 5LG Iron Knob (1937-1939); 5LG Adelaide (Clarence Gardens, 1946-1948; Parkholme, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1023, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boilermaker (Iron Knob, 1939-1941)

===''COTTRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Morgan Cottrell|Cottrell, Joseph William Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VLW-L1Y] - 1897(NSW)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 2ZF Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1923); 2ZN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1925; Coogee, 1926-1930; Maroubra Junction, 1931; Dundas, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Carlingford, 1948-1950); 2ADX Sydney (Dundas/Portable, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 367, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 1, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coogee, 1930); broadcaster (Dundas, 1933-1934); radio operator (Dundas, 1936-1943); technician (Carlingford, 1949)

===''COUCHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Clyde McGregor Couchman|Couchman, Clifford Clyde McGregor &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQLS-T4D] - 1907(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4KZ Kaimkillenbun (1930-1939); 4KZ Dalby (1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 151, 1930; COCP 1st Class Marconi School (Halcyon) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Navy, wireless officer); broadcast technician (PMGD, 4QS); business proprietor (electrical &amp; radio, Dalby) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Kaimkillenbun, 1930-1937); engineer (Dalby, 1943-1963); electrical engineer (Dalby, 1968)
===''COULTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Maxwell Coulter|Coulter, Jack Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-MXK] - 1912(SA)-1985(???) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1937); 3MV Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939); 5JD Adelaide (Ashford, 1947-1948; Ackland Gardens, 1954-1960); 5JK Adelaide (Edwardstown, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1712, 1936, SA; 2COCP 812, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Caulfield West, Vic, 1937); RAN (Port Melbourne, Vic, 1943)

===''COUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Couper|Couper, Andrew &quot;Andy&quot; Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6R8-R1T] - 1893(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: XQM Mareeba (1914); 4BW Mareeba (1923-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 71, 1925, No. 5 in Qld - early wireless experimenter (1914 &amp; likely earlier unlicensed); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: iron moulder (Mareeba, 1913-1932); engineer (Mareeba, 1936-1958)

===''COURT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Percy Court|Court, Charles Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-Q5T] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4CT Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Bayswater, Qld, 1925-1936; Kedron, Qld, 1937-1958)
* [[/Thomas Palmer Court|Court, Thomas Palmer Jnr]] - 1895(Vic)-1976(NSW) - XNY Melbourne (Malvern, 1913-1914), 3BO Melbourne (Malvern, 1922), 3TC Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1927), early wireless experimenter (CPRT 211, 1916), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIA Vic, secretary, 1919-1920+), employment (radio salesman, 1928; STC, chief design engineer, 1954), IRE Aust (president, 1950-1951), father also named Thomas Palmer Court (1861, Vic - 1944, NSW)

===''COUSENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Light Reynolds Cousens|Cousens, Harold Light Reynolds]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDG9-3SK] - 1888(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N743 Receive Summer Hill (1922); 2HW Receive Summer Hill (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Tamworth, 1930-1963)
===''COUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Stuart Coutts|Coutts, Edwin Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-698] - 1893(Qld)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4BZ Receive Dalby (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Dalby, 1919-1937); garage proprietor (Dalby, 1943)

===''COWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christian Nesbit Cowan|Cowan, Christian Nesbit]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-6QW] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2PZ Aberdare (1930-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 613, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 486, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Aberdare, 1930-1963; Cessnock, 1968-1980)

===''COX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Grafton Cox|Cox, Allan (birth) or Allen (census) Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHWX-5XH] - 1892(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 120, 1915; 2COCP 103, 1930; 1COCP 347, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Rockhampton, 1914; Pinkenba, 1916-1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1921-1922; South Yarra, 1926-1927); O.I.C. (Cooktown, 1925; Thursday Island, 1930); radio officer (Clayfield, 1934); O.I.C. (Townsville, 1936-1937); engineer (Rockbank, 1942); wireless officer (Kangaroo Point, 1943; Hendra, Qld, 1949-1958); radio officer (Hendra, 1963-1977)
* [[/Erle Harold Cox|Cox, Erle Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8Z-RG2] - 1903(Tas)-1989(ACT) - Licences: 3BD Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922); 3BD Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1927; St Kilda, 1931-1933); 2EP Canberra (Forrest, 1934-1935); 2GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1946-1955); 1GU Canberra (Red Hill, 1956-1965; Mawson, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 245, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist, president Press Gallery, Parliament House 1953 - Awards: O.B.E. for contribution to journalism in Australia 1953 - Relationships: son of Erle Cox, science fiction author [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cox-erle-5799] - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Caulfield, 1931; Gardiner, 1936; Forrest, 1937; Red Hill, 1943-1968; Mawson, 1972-1980)
* [[/Harold Cox|Cox, Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GQ-2RT] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 17, 1914; 1COCP 35, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: several contemporaneous Harold Cox
===''COXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Wooton Coxon|Coxon, Robert Wooton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-HVL] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6RW Northam (1924-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 30, 1924, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer, NT Gov (Director of Mines, 1947); WW2 - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6AG Wally Coxon - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cheltenham, SA, 1943); civil servant (Alice Springs, 1949-1954)
* [[/Walter Ernest Stanley Coxon|Coxon, Walter Ernest Stanley &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCY8-JBS] - 1891(NSW)-1968(WA) - Licences: XYK Perth (Maylands, 1913); 6AG Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1925-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939; Bayswater, 1946-1947; Darlington, 1948-1960; Claremont, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 124, 1925, No. ?? in WA - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (6WF) - Relationships: no apparent relation with 6RW Robert Wooton Coxon - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Maylands, 1914); engineer (Maylands, 1925-1937); radio engineer (East Perth, 1943; Darlington, 1949-1958); retired (Claremont, 1963-1968) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199311.pdf EA0] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199404.pdf] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199405.pdf EA2]

===''CRAIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith William Craig|Craig, Keith William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDNB-7FD] - 1921(NSW)-1999(NSW) - Licences: 2AJV Newcastle (Stockton, 1938-1939); 2EP Newcastle (New Lambton, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2102, 1938, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Stockton, 1943); fitter (Lambton, 1949; New Lambton, 1958-1980)
* [[/Walter Archibald Craig|Craig, Walter Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7X4] - 1907(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2XI Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2XI Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 220, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Croydon, 1930-1954)
===''CRAMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warne Hutton Cramond|Cramond, Warne Hutton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XQB-N2G] - 1898(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2KJ Sydney (Lane Cove, 1928-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 397, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Lane Cove, 1930-1949)
===''CRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Rae Cran|Cran, Morris Rae]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-B1J] - 1901(Qld)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 4KX Brisbane (West End, 1930-1939); 2MR Sydney (Rockdale, 1946-1947; Randwick, 1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 570, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West End, 1925-1937); accountant (Bondi, 1943); company secretary (Ranswick, 1954; Coogee, 1958)

===''CRANCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Layman William Victor Cranch|Cranch, Layman William Victor &quot;Lay&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1993(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer, journalist (editor, Australian Radio and Electronics, 1951), business (manager, Kingsley)
===''CRAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Bruce Cameron Craw|Craw, Russell Bruce Cameron &quot;Bruce&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF2Q-54Y] - 1901(Tas)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 7BC Burnie (1930-1933); 3BC Melbourne (1933-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 671, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Burnie, 1922; North Melbourne, 1924; Burnie, 1928); sales (Middle Park, Vic, 1935)
===''CRAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Thomas Crawford|Crawford, Cedric Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-42L] - 1905(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2YC Sydney (Burwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Burwood, 1930-1933); engineer (Captain's Flat, 1937-1943); mechanical engineer (Broken Hill South, 1954-1963); engineer (St Ives, 1968-1972)
* [[/John Murray Crawford|Crawford, John Murray]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - senior federal public servant (chief engineer PMGD, involved establishment of first ABC stations), don't confuse with William Tamillas Stephen Crawford
* [[/William Tamillas Stephen Crawford|Crawford, William Tamillas Stephen &quot;Bill&quot;, &quot;W.T.S.C.&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G738-35N] - 1880(Vic)-1962(NSW) - state public servant (P&amp;TD, Tas); senior federal public servant (PMGD, radio inspector); RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917) - Comment: don't confuse with John Murray Crawford

===''CREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Creamer|Creamer, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XK-965] - 1903(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2UR Sydney (Glebe Point, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Orange, 1930-1932); electrical engineer (Brewarrina, 1933; Henty, 1934-1935; Grose Vale, 1937; Richmond, 1943-1968)
===''CREDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter John Credlin|Credlin, Peter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-SH8] - 1938(Vic)-1984(NSW) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1954); engineer (Malvern, 1963; Lower Templestowe, 1967-1980)
===''CRESSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Gillespie Cresswell|Cresswell, Frank Gillespie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR45-Q56] - 1880(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3GI Melbourne (East Kew, 1924-1925; Camberwell, 1926-1927); Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - federal public service (PMGD); military (Commonwealth Naval Militia, engineer sublieutenant); RANRS (Radio Commander, terminated Nov 1920) - not to be confused with William Rooke '''Creswell''' - Electoral Rolls: instrument fitter (Camberwell, 1903-1906); Engineer-Lieutenant RAN (Prahran, 1912); naval officer (St Kilda, 1914); lieutenant RAN (Hawthorn, 1915-1919); RAN (Kew, 1922-1924); commandant RAN (Frankston, 1928-1934); naval officer (Olivers Hill, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1943); retired (Somers, 1949; Mt Eliza, 1954; Frankston, 1963)
* [[/Harry Leslie Cresswell|Cresswell, Harry Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9456-49G] - 1917(Qld)-1942(Qld) - Licences: 4DL Brisbane (Coorparoo, Qld, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified, likely RAN - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, Petty Officer Telegraphist, KIA, HMAS Yarra) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10293831 AWM] [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1690529 Roll of Honour]

===''CRESWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rooke Creswell|Creswell, William Rooke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4L-WRS] - 1852(Gibraltar)-1933(Vic) - early wireless experimenter (Lytton, Moreton Island), military (RAN; Qld Maritime Defence Force, commandant; Commonwealth Naval Forces, commandant) - Generally considered the father of the RAN, not to be confused with Frank Gillespie '''Cresswell''' - Electoral Rolls: naval commandant (South Brisbane, 1903-1905); director (Toorak, 1909-1919) - Links: [[w:William Rooke Creswell|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/creswell-sir-william-rooke-5817 ADB] [https://www.navy.gov.au/biography/vice-admiral-sir-william-rooke-creswell RAN]

===''CRIBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dunmore Foote Cribb|Cribb, Dunmore Foote]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCPP-YQH] - 1899(Qld)-1946(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 134, 1925, No. 15 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Indooroopilly, 1921-1943)
===''CRICHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Robert Crichton|Crichton, Stanley Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK76-MZH] - 1893(NZ)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KH East Maitland (1929-1935); 9OU Port Moresby (1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 542, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 100, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (East Maitland, 1930-1935); wireless operator (Maclean, 1936); Radio 2NR (Lawrence, 1937); wireless operator (Ashfield, 1949); PMG technician (Ashfield, 1954-1963)
===''CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cridge, Wilfred Edgar Launder - See Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge

===''CRISP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Charles Crisp|Crisp, Henry Charles &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XD-5T2] - 1909(NSW)-1996(???) - Licences: 2LX Sydney (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933; Cronulla, 1934-1939, 1946); 2LX Ettalong (1947-1955); 2LX Woy Woy (1956-1961); 2LX Urunga (1965); 2LX Sydney (Cronulla, 1969; Gorokan, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 614, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: &quot;Henry Charles&quot; carrier (Undercliffe, 1930; Hurstville, 1931-1933); radio dealer (Cronulla, 1934-1937); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; examiner (Bondi, 1943); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; no occupation (Ettalong, 1949); &quot;Henry Charles&quot; radio dealer (Ettalong, 1954-1963); &quot;Harry Charles&quot; motel proprietor (Urunga, 1968); manager (Sans Souci, 1972); retired (Cronulla, 1972); &quot;Henery Charles&quot; retired (Gorokan, 1977-1980)

===''CROCKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Edward Crocker|Crocker, Claude Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8R6-RZW] - 1875(USA)-1929(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (West Perth, 1922-1925)
* [[/Edward Baker Crocker|Crocker, Edward Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MYHX-65B] - 1867(Wales)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2BB Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2BB Sydney (Marrickville, 1922-1930) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 95, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: provision merchant (Marrickville, 1933-1937); retired (Marrickville, 1943-1949); no occupation (Earlwood, 1949-1954)
===''CROME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Keith Crome|Crome, Harry Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZTL-HF9] - 1908(Tas)-1975(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (New Town, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Hobart North, 1936-1954); linotype operator Melbourne (Alphington, 1963-1972) 
===''CROMIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Thomas Cromie|Cromie, Charles Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Z4-73H] - 1883(Vic)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - manager (Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co, 1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 3UZ) - Electoral Rolls: draper (Maffra, 1903; Korumburra, 1905; East Melbourne, 1909; Maffra, 1912); engineer (East Melbourne, 1914); electrical engineer (Malvern, 1915-1917); engineer (Elsternwick, 1919; Caulfield, 1924-1927); electrical engineer (Melbourne East, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); engineer (Caulfield, 1934); director (Armadale, 1936-1949)
===''CROOKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Leonard Crooks|Crooks, James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK93-6HV] - 1890(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923-1925); 7BQ Launceston (1925-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 61, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; honorary radio inspector (PMG) - Relationships: father of 3AAC John Peter Crooks - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Trevallyn, 1914; Launceston, 1919-1968); no occupation (Low Head, 1972)
* [[/John Peter Crooks|Crooks, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRZL-Z2J] - 1921(Tas)-2013(Vic) - Licences: 3AAC Colac (1960); 3AAC Bulleen (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 2107, 1938, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 7BQ James Alexander Leonard &quot;Len&quot; Crooks - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Elsternwick, 1949); engineer (East Geelong, 1954; Bulleen, 1963-1977)
===''CROPLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Cropley|Cropley, Eric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-YVK] - 1893(NSW)-1935(NSW) - Licences: N735 Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922); 2HT Receive Sydney (Homebush, 1922)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of Mervyn Eric Cropley - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Homebush, 1930-1933) 
* [[/Mervyn Eric Cropley|Cropley, Mervyn Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLG-MYS] - 1920(NSW)-1951(Aus) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 403, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2HT Eric William Cropley - Electoral Rolls: radio officer (Homebush, 1943); salesman (Blaxland, 1949)
===''CROUCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Casimir Crouch|Crouch, Ernest Casimir &quot;Ern&quot;]] - 1908(???)-1989(NSW) - 2QJ Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1923), 2EC Sydney (Mosman, 1924-1939), 2EC Orange (1946-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 16, 1924, No. 6 in NSW), amateur broadcaster; engineer; Mosman Radio Laboratories 1927 (proprietor?)

===''CROWDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Crowder, Joyce Isabel see Batchler nee Crowder, Joyce Isabel

===''CULLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Norman Seth Culliver|Culliver, Francis Norman Seth &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-SWD] - 1891(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3DP Receive Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1922); 3DP Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1923-1925; Hawthorn, 1925-1927); 3UG Melbourne (Rye, 1948-1956); 3UG Queenscliff (1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of Keith Norman Culliver &amp; Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1931-1954)
* [[/Ian Douglas Culliver|Culliver, Ian Douglas &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-WDM] - 1916?(Vic)-2002(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 655, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Keith Norman Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)
* [[/Keith Norman Culliver|Culliver, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82T-753] - 1914(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 656, 1948 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 3DP-3UG Francis Norman Seth Culliver; brother of Ian Douglas Culliver - Electoral Rolls: fisherman (Rye, 1942-1977)

===''CUMMING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Humberstone Cumming|Cumming, William Humberstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSLF-9FS] - 1903(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: 3BK Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Notting Hill, 1931); engineer (Cheltenham, 1931); contractor (Malvern, 1936-1949); engineer (Malvern, 1954)
===''CUMMINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Cummings|Cummings, Bruce]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1928, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''CUMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Vincent Cummins|Cummins, Reginald Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-FLN] - 1911(Qld)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4VC Brisbane (Newmarket, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1939, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (East Ipswich, Qld, 1934-1937); public servant (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1954)

===''CUNLIFFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James August Cunliffe|Cunliffe, James August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7KX-DQW] - 1904(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3ZO Melbourne (Croxton, 1930-1931; Preston, 1933-1939, 1946-1947); 3AZO Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1954; East Preston, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 597, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinet maker (Preston, 1927); electrician (Preston East, 1931-1942); cabinet maker (Preston East, 1949); carpenter (Preston East, 1963-1980)  
===''CUNNINGHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hugh Cunningham|Cunningham, Robert Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-Z7M] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3ML Melbourne (Malvern, 1928-1937; Hawthorn, 1938-1939; Frankston, 1946-1947; Malvern, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 463, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Malvern, 1931; Gardiner, 1936-1937); RAAF (Frankston, 1949); manager (Malvern, 1949-1954); director (Malvern, 1963-1980) - R. H. Cunningham, electronics retailer?

===''CURETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Poyner Cureton|Cureton, John Poyner &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L29Y-H1R] - 1905(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2AY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2AY Sydney (Burwood, 1923-1930); 2AU Sydney (Burwood, 1930-1933; Gordon, 1933-1934; Burwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1950); 2AU Little Hartley (1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 168, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2AY callsign withdrawn by PMGD in 1930 and reallocated to new commercial 2AY Albury - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Burwood, 1930; Parkes, 1936); engineer (Burwood, 1943); grazier (Little Hartley, 1958)
===''CURLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Clarence Curle|Curle, George Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ25-DZZ] - 1914(NSW)-1941(Egypt) - licences: 2AJB Sydney (Chullora, 1937-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 1813, 1937, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 310, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), WW2 - electoral rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''CURNOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Ross Curnow|Curnow, Geoffrey Ross]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - historian (wireless &amp; broadcasting), &quot;The history of the development of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia to 1942, with especial reference to the Australian Broadcasting Commission : a political and administrative study&quot;
===''CURRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Benjamin John Currie|Currie, Francis Benjamin John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8JP] - 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: None yet found - Qualifications: AOCP 395, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: checker (Albert Park, Vic, 1936); storeman (Semaphore, 1939; Queensbury, 1941)
* [[/James Lawrence Currie|Currie, James Lawrence &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCK-9GW] - 1905(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Bundaberg (1936-1937); 4LC Proserpine (1938-1939); 4LC St George (1946-1956); 4LC Brisbane (Dutton Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1631, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; power station engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, Qld, 1929; Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Blackhall, Qld, 1943; St George, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Caboolture, Qld, 1958)

===''CURTIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. F. Curtis|Curtis, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AI Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''CUSACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Chanel Cusack|Cusack, Leo Chanel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YN-49P] - 1897(NSW)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4LC Port Moresby (1925-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 229, 1916; 1COCP 319, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maroubra, 1930); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1931-1936; Maroubra, 1943); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1949); radio operator (Darwin, 1949-1954); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1958-1963); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Sidney Claude Cusack|Cusack, Sidney or Sydney Claude or Claud]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW42-D16] - 1885(Eng)-1973(Canada) - Licences: 5CK Adelaide (Dulwich, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 5, 1914 (No. 5 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1916)

===''CUSHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Thomas Cushen|Cushen, Arthur Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQL-FP3] - 1920(NZ)-1997(NZ) - prominent MW and SW broadcast listener 1930s to 1990s; DX Clubs (New Zealand DX Radio Association, New Zealand Radio DX League, All-Wave All-World DX Club, DX Australia) - Links: [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen/ Autobiography]; [https://www.radiodx.com/articles/dxer-profiles-a-to-e/arthur-cushen-tributes/ Tributes]

===''CUSITER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Macgregor Cusiter|Cusiter, Robert William Macgregor &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6H8-73C] - 1908(NSW)-1970(???) - 2RW Sydney (Lewisham, 1925-1926; Turramurra, 1927-1929; Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1931-1939, 1946-1955; Hornsby, 1956-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 203, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Pymble, 1930; Lewisham, 1930-1949; Hornsby, 1958-1968), AWA, PMGD, WW2 (worked on defence electronics)

===''CUTHBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Cuthbert|Cuthbert, Henry]] - 1829(Irl)-1907(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1877-Jul 1878; Mar 1880-Aug 1880)
===''CUTTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gregory Maxwell Cutts|Cutts, Gregory Maxwell &quot;Maxwell&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQBR-22Q] - 1903(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Croydon, 1923); 2GM Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 17, 1924, No. 7 in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor (2ML, Mosman Radio Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mosman, 1930-1937; Abbotsford, 1949); sales manager (North Ryde, 1954-1963); manager (Cheltenham, 1972-1980)

=='''D'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''DAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Luja Dahl|Dahl, Norman Luja]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L433-MY6] - 1888(NZ)-1938(Qld) - Licences: 2ND Sydney (Wahroonga, 1933-1937); 4ND Ayr (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1079, 1933, NSW; AOLCP 249, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: consulting engineer (Wahroonga, NSW, 1930-1935); teacher (Wahroonga, NSW, 1937); company director (Ayr, Qld, 1936-1937)
* [[/Oscar Sydney Dahl|Dahl, Oscar Sydney &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLWV-S5D] - 1904(NZ)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4KA Ayr (1933-1935); 7KA Hobart (1947); 4KA Ayr (1948); 9KA Lae (1969); 4VT Innisfail (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1151, 1933, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; surveyor - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Arapuni, NZ,  1928-1931); tramline engineer (Ayr, Qld, 1931-1936); engineer (Gordonvale, Qld, 1937); civil engineer (Fitzgerald, Tas, 1943; Ayr, Qld, 1949-1958); surveyor (Innisfail, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''DALBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dalby|Dalby, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BI Adelaide (SA School of Mines, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Directories: lecturer (School of Mines, Adelaide, 1922-1934) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DALTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Martin Dalton|Dalton, Robert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-SH3] - 1897(Vic)-1949(Vic) - Licences: XLB Melbourne (Auburn, 1913); 3UI Mildura (1923-1925); 3UI Melbourne (Balaclava, 1925-1926; Caulfield, 1927; Camberwell, 1931-1933); 3UN Melbourne (Camberwell, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 158, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Mildura, 1919-1924); radio engineer (Hawthorn, 1926-1927); clerk (Camberwell, 1928); sales (Camberwell, 1931-1949)

===''DANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Dane|Dane, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYF7-5RS] - 1868(Eng)-1928(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3JD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (Hawthorn, 1908-1909); merchant (Auburn, 1912-1927)
===''DANGERFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Henry Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Joseph Henry &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-22D] - 1911(Eng)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NF Townsville (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1686, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (radio electrical salesman) - Relationships: brother of 4NL Norman Gerard Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1937-1954); mechanic (Townsville, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Airlie Beach, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Norman Gerard Dangerfield|Dangerfield, Norman Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9HR-5FD] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4NL Ayr (1936-1939); 4ND Ayr (1956-1965); 4ND Brisbane (Sherwood, 1969-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1687, 1936, Qld; BOCP 1062, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Elphinstones); broadcast technician (4AY, ABC Townsville); business proprietor (radio) - Halcyon: AOCP at 16yo - Relationships: brother of 4NF Joseph Henry Dangerfield - Electoral Rolls: aircraft fitter (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Ayr, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Ayr, Qld, 1954; Home Hill, Qld, 1958); clerk (Sherwood, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''DANIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Septimus Daniel|Daniel, Louis Septimus]] - 1834(Eng)-1909(Vic) - experimented with etheric force in mid 1870s, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society of Victoria, member), employment (Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs, concluding acting Secretary, 1897), linguist

===''DARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Darley|Darley, Ernest John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4BX-9ZK] - 1898(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6CJ Perth (South Perth, 1923-1930) - Qualifications: cc;  CPRT 243, 1916; 2COCP 835, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor importer (South Perth, 1925-1936); importer (Rockingham, 1943); technician (South Perth, 1954-1963)

===''DAVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Barrett Davey|Davey, Harold Barrett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYY-FN4] - 1898(Tas)-1948(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Launceston, 1922); electrician (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John Alfred Davey|Davey, John Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6X-FSF] - 1913(SA)-1992(Qld) - 2YE Sydney (Glebe Point, 1935-1938; Ashfield, 1939; Homebush, 1946-1975), amateur operator (1COCP 19, 1934; 3COCP 1029, 1952), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer
* [[/John Anderton Davey|Davey, John Anderton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6F-3ZH] - 1909(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923), 3AD Melbourne (Brighton, 1925-1926; Elsternwick, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 66, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, manufacturer's agent
* [[/Ralph William Davey|Davey, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGN-W9X] - 1916(SA)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 5KD Adelaide (North Croydon, 1935-1939; Mile End, 1947; Blanchetown, 1948); 5DY Portable Adelaide (North Croydon, 1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1481, 1935, SA; 1COCP 515, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Ridleyton North, SA, 1939; Whyalla, SA, 1941-1948); RAAF (Guildford, WA, 1958; Beaumaris, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''DAVIDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. R. Davidson|Davidson, E. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FP Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DAVIES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Tempest Davies|Davies, Henry Tempest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G889-FX9] - 1900(WA)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6HD Perth (Highgate Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 563, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Balkatta, 1921); police officer (Mundijong, 1943); sergeant (Victoria Park, 1949-1958; Lathlain Park, 1963-1977; Victoria Park, 1980)
* [[/Reginald Raymond Clifford Davies|Davies, Reginald Raymond Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGM-73Y] - 1915(SA)-1988(WA) - Licences: 5LJ Adelaide (Goodwood Park, 1933-1939; Plympton, 1947-1948); 3AY Melbourne (Prahran, 1954-1960; Heathmont, 1965-1969); 6BQ Perth (Bickley, 1975); 6BQ Denmark (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1138, 1933, SA; BOCP 121, 1937; 1COCP 534, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939); radio engineer (5RM Berri, SA, 1941); mechanic (Plympton, SA, 1941-1943); public servant (Prahran, Vic, 1954); retired (Bickley, WA, 1972-1977)

===''DAVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Hargan Davis|Davis, Henry Hargan or Hargon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT6C-6MB] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Strathfield, 1923-1924); 2HH Sydney (Strathfield, 1926-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 289, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Strathfield, 1930-1936); engineer (Strathfield, 1943) - Professor Henry Hargan Davis, BSc, BE (Syd), PhD (Camb), 1946-1973 (Emeritus Professor 1974) [https://docplayer.net/82920769-Engineering-education-the-university-of-adelaide.html]
* [[/Ross Raleigh Davis|Davis, Ross Raleigh &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ54-9Q4] - 1907(Vic)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2DS Receive Sydney (Vaucluse, 1920-1922); 2DS Sydney (Vaucluse, 1923-1929; Double Bay, 1930-1933; Rose Bay, 1933-1938; Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 249, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 934, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: accompanied 2CM on the SS Tahiti; education (Sydney Technical College, Electrical Engineering Degree); employment (AWA, engineer, 1925-1973) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Double Bay, 1930; Rose Bay, 1933-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1958; Rose Bay, 1958-1980)

===''DAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dawson|Dawson, Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 559, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stovemaker (Hurlstone Park, 1930); storeman (Marrickville, 1931) - Not yet fully identified
* [[/Richard Stanley Dawson|Dawson, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2NQ] - 1897(Vic)-1983(NSW) - Licences: XZP Hobart (1913-1914); 3DA Melbourne (South Yarra, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 282, 1917 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1919); electrical engineer (Melbourne, 1921-1924; Toorak, 1925-1926; South Yarra, 1927-1928); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1930; Mosman, 1931-1972; Roseville, NSW, 1977)

===''DEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Launston Alexander Deane|Deane, Launston Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-182] - 1909(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5LD Adelaide (Tusmore, 1933; Hazelwood Park, 1937-1939; Royston Park, 1947-1955; Hazelwood Park, 1956-1965; St Georges, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1090, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Burnside, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Kyrle Deane|Deane, Raymond Kyrle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-HB1] - 1917(SA)-2010(SA)93yo - Licences: 5RK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1728, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Fullarton, SA, 1939-1941); clerk (Fullarton, SA, 1943)

===''DE BAVAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Jean Xavier de Bavay|de Bavay, Francis Jean or John Xavier ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFJ-D1R] - 1887(Vic)-1955(Tas) - Licences: 4FO Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Kew, Vic, 1909); brewer (West Perth, WA, 1916); chemist (Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1921); manager (New Farm, Qld, 1925); master brewer (Cascades, Tas, 1928-1936); manager (Hobart South, Tas, 1943-1954)

===''DE CRESPIGNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Philip Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCJG-QN9] - 1879(Vic)-1918(Palestine) - Licences: XPU Melbourne (Brighton, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Relationships: half brother of 3FM Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Royalieu Dana Champion de Crespigny|de Crespigny, Royalieu Dana Champion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH7P-7SD] - 1905(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Brighton, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Elmhurst, 1936-1949); farmer (Cobden, 1954; South Ecklin, 1963-1980) - Relationships: half brother of XPU Philip Champion de Crespigny

===''DE CURE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Gerard de Cure|de Cure, John Edward Gerard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVD6-DWD] - 1899(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 3WL Melbourne (Coburg, 1929-1933); 5KO Adelaide (Glenelg, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 2KO Sydney (Artarmon, 1957-1958); 5KO Adelaide (Fulham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 535, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 22, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cobden, 1954); public servant (North Carlton, 1921-1924; Coburg, 1927-1934; Artarmon, NSW, 1958)

===''DEARNESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Sinclair Dearness|Dearness, Harry Sinclair]] - 19??-2004(Qld) - 4KW Mackay (1939, 1946-1975), Brisbane (Strathpine) (1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2328, 1939, No. ? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, AIF), employment (radio &amp; TV mechanic)

===''DEEGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Edward Deegan|Deegan, Stanley Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYK3-2V3] - 1893(Tas)-1944(Tas) - Licences: 7AK Hobart (St Virgil's College, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; public servant (State &amp; Federal, PMGD); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922); civil servant (Hobart, 1928-1936); postal official (Hobart, 1943)
===''DEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival William Deer|Deer, Percival William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2DJ-9ZF] - 1901(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5DR Adelaide (Seacliff, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 451, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brighton, 1939-1943)

===''DELBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Joseph Robert Delbridge|Delbridge, Reginald Joseph Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L439-HNM] - 1888(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4RJ Childers (1927); 4RJ Brisbane (Paddington, 1931-1933; Booval, 1937-1939); 4RJ Stanthorpe (1946-1948); 4RJ Brisbane (Northgate, 1954-1955; Toowong, 1956); 4RJ Burleigh Heads (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 383, 1927, No. 42 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), minister of religion - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Ingham, 1917-1919); minister (Kingaroy, 1925); clergyman (Ashgrove, 1943); minister (Stanthorpe, 1949); minister of religion (New Farm, 1954); Methodist Minister (Toowong, 1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963)
===''DELLIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Stephen Dellit|Dellit, Samuel Stephen]] - Licences: VK4ZSS Brisbane, VK3 Melbourne, VK1DXA Canberra - Qualifications: AOLCP Q0078, 1971 - amateur operator, broadcast DXer, broadcast planning engineer, federal public servant, radio historian (aeradio, amateur, broadcast, coastal)

===''DEMPSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter McInnes Dempsey|Dempsey, Walter McInnes &quot;Wally&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTQN-B69] - 1910(Vic)-2010(Vic) - Licences: 3WD Melbourne (Cheltenham, 1929-1931); 7WD Cambridge (1948); 3AZD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1954); 3WD Melbourne (Pascoe Vale, 1955-1969; Oak Park, 1975); 3WD Marong (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 515, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 41, 1931; 1COCP 217, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Cheltenham, 1931; Mordialloc, 1936-1937); radio operator (Mentone, 1942); aeradio operator (Cambridge, Tas, 1949); public servant (Pascoe Vale, 1954-1968; Oak Park, 1972); retired (Marong, 1977-1980)

===''DENBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Roy Denby|Denby, Harry Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJTS-LLS] - 1906(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4FR Receive Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923); 4AX Brisbane (Kedron, 1936-1939); 4AX Cairns (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1800, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Kedron, Qld, 1936-1937; Cairns, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''DENISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Robert Denison|Denison or Dixson, Hugh Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6Q5-WTC] - 1865(NSW)-1940(Vic) - born Hugh Robert Dixson; businessman, parliamentarian, philanthropist; director of Australasian Wireless Co. then Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) - Links: [[w:Hugh Denison|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/denison-sir-hugh-robert-5955 ADB]

===''DENNEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Roy Denneen|Denneen, Harold Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-6YG] - 1894(NSW)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (A/g Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928-1937)
===''DENNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Roy Dennett|Dennett, Phillip or Philip Roy or Ray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNX4-D9K] - 1897(SA)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 5IV Berri (1931-1938); 4IV Camooweal (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 799, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Morningside, Qld, 1943; West End, Qld, 1949-1954; Rockhampton, Qld, 1958); public servant (Morningside, Qld, 1963-1977)

===''DERHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Thomas Derham|Derham, Frederick Thomas]] - 1844(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Victorian Postmaster-General (1886-1890)
===''DERRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/V. M. Derrick|Derrick, V. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2VM Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''DEVITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Lane Devitt|Devitt, Raymond Lane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB11-PTK] - 1905(Tas)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6DR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 990, 1928; 2COCP 287, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: service engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1931); manager (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Owen Dewan|Dewan, John Owen (Electoral Rolls) or Owen John (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-2D4] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6JK Perth (Maylands, 1930-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933; City, 1937; North Perth, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 715, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 3COCP 188, 1936; 2COCP 99, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Maylands, WA, 1931; North Perth, 1934-1937); teacher (East Perth, WA, 1943); trade instructor (Nedlands, WA, 1949-1980)

===''DEXTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Dexter|Dexter, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G428-3PS] - 1906(Eng)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DR Melbourne (Northcote, 1926-1927); 3VR Melbourne (Sandringham, 1938-1939; Black Rock, 1946-1956; Parkdale, 1960-1965; Mt Eliza, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 241, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Northcote, 1927); engineer (Preston, 1931; Sandringham, 1942-1954); radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1963); retired (Mt Eliza, 1968-1980)

===''DICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Dick|Dick, F.]] - abt 1883(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPO, 1917) - Electoral Rolls:

===''DIDDAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Harlin Flower Diddams|Diddams, Robert Harlin or Harland Flower]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZN-YJP] - 1899(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Toowong, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925); printer (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); retired (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1968)

===''DILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Dillon|Dillon, Arthur Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot; &quot;Ern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85L-HH7] - 1902(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1922); 4CH Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (New Farm, 1925); engineer (New Farm, 1929); electrical engineer (Atherton, 1931-1932); electrician (Greenslopes, 1943-1954; Mt Gravatt, 1958)

===''DINEEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Dineen|Dineen, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM8L-9R6] - 1919(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7GD Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1588, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 6330, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Launceston, 1949-1968)
===''DIRCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Alfred Dircks|Dircks, Alexander Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-6GN] - 1858(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - senior federal public servant (PMGD, Electrical Engineer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''DIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Gurnhill Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Gurnhill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G826-18S] - 1896(Tas)-1966(Vic) - Licences: XZA Wynyard (1913-1914); 3JG Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1933); 3AD Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 3AVE Melbourne (Nunawading, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 462, 1919; 2COCP 160, 1930; 1COCP 271, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Wynyard, 1919); wireless mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934); technician (Auburn, 1936-1937); inspector (Surrey Hills, 1943-1963) - Probate: retired marine inspector (Melbourne, 1966)
* [[/Arthur Lionel Dixon|Dixon, Arthur Lionel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82F-YX7] - 1897(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 236 Sydney (Burwood, 1920); 2BS Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2AD Sydney (Canterbury, 1929; Strathfield, 1930); 4AD Brisbane (Norman Park, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 202, 1916; 2COCP 288, 1930; 1COCP 170, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Concord, NSW, 1930; Norman Park, Qld, 1931-1943); RANVR (Kyeemagh, 1943); engineer (Waverton, 1949; Eastwood, 1954; Lidcombe North, 1958); managing director (Blakehurst, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Musgrave Dixon|Dixon, Charles Frederick Musgrave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L27B-XXY] - 1894(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2II Receive Cootamundra (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: operator (Cootamundra, 1930-1937); telegraphist (Goulburn, 1943; Annandale, 1949-1954; Camperdown, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Malcolm Dixon|Dixon, John Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWD1-HXH] - 1922(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD); education (Scots College, 1935-1939); military (WW2, AIF, 1942-1945) - Links: [https://www.scotch.vic.edu.au/greatscot/2008decGS/74.htm Obit]
* [[/Lionel Stanley Dixon|Dixon, Lionel Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PR-QD2] - 1912(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 3TE Melbourne (Croydon, 1947-1948; Elwood, 1954-1980); 4LF Brisbane (Redcliffe, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2177, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Glenferrie, Vic, 1934-1937); builder (Box Hill South, Vic, 1949; Elsternwick, Vic, 1954-1967; Elwood, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZI Condong (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. H. Dixon|Dixon, R. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4GF Victoria Hills, Herbert River (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Reginald Hilton Dixon|Dixon, Reginald Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82N-FQV] - 1915(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2QD Albury (1933-1937); 2QD Armidale (1938-1939); 2QD Albury (1946-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1216, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Albury, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (Albury, 1972-1977)

===''DODDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stokell Dodds|Dodds, Sir John Stokell Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMYR-2KQ] - 1906(Tas)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 7DJ Hobart (City, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 208, 1935; AOCP 1851, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Town, 1936-1949); manager (Wahroonga, 1954); electrical engineer (Wahroonga, 1958-1968); manager (St Ives, 1972)
* [[/John William Matthew Dodds|Dodds, John William Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NX-3CT] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KK Kurri Kurri (1930-1939); 2AZD Newcastle (New Lambton, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 644, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: miner (Kuri Kurri, 1930-1949; New Lambton, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Henry Dodds|Dodds, Leonard Henry &quot;Len&quot;]] - 1908(NSW)-1983(Qld) - 4GD Townsville (1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Townsville ARC, life member), military (Navy, RAAF), employment (PMGD)
* [[/Ronald George Dodds|Dodds, Ronald George]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
===''DODDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Doddy|Doddy, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-HWS] - 1899(Tas)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WH Perth (Claremont, 1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1817, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Claremont, WA, 1931-1958)

===''DOHRMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Stanley Glenville Dohrmann|Dohrmann, George Stanley Glenville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82G-TB8] - 1902(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922); 3AM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Canterbury, Vic, 1924-1926); warehouseman (Burwood, Vic, 1931; Canterbury, 1937-1943); agriculturalist (Mt Dandenong, 1949-1954; Mooroolbark, 1968-1980)

===''DOIG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Louis Doig|Doig, Norman Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSD-M17] - 1912(WA)-2014(WA)101yo - Licences: 6ND Carnamah (1937-1939); 6CB Perth (Floreat Park, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2061, 1937, WA; 3COCP 1505, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Carnamah, WA, 1936-1937; Floreat Park, WA, 1943); telegraphist (City Beach, WA, 1949; Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley, WA, 1968-1972); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1977-1980)

===''DONNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Walter Donne|Donne, Charles Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2T-FC7] - 1897(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: XLO Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 2YD Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925); 3YD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 271, 1916; 2COCP 87, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Seaman) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (St Kilda, 1919-1924); technician (St Kilda, 1925-1931); dealer (Armadale, 1934-1937); investor (Mornington, 1943); grazier (Dromana, 1949-1954); nil (Mornington, 1963-1972) - Migration: South Africa (1955-1962)
===''DOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine Lawson Dook|Dook, Valentine Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7X1-NJH] - 1903(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KB Perth (Maylands, 1931-1933; Mt Hawthorn, 1937-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 754, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter's assistant (East Perth, WA, 1931); oil plant attendant (Leederville, WA, 1936-1937); control room operator (Leederville, WA, 1943; Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); electrical foreman (Wembley, WA, 1958-1977)

===''DORWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haxton Dorward|Dorward, William Haxton, Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD77-X62] - 1901(Vic)-1937(NSW) - Licences: 3CA Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922-1923); 3CA Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Sandringham, 1924-1926); grazier (Moama, 1930; Fort Station, Barnes, 1935-1937)

===''DOUBIKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Thomas Henry Doubikin|Doubikin, William Thomas Henry]] - 1890(Vic)-1927(Tas) - Licences: Hobart Receive 1920s, early wireless experimenter (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, Councillor, 1924), passed too soon
===''DOUDNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Doudney|Doudney, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MQDH-R32] - 1873(Eng)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Receive Melbourne (Balaclava, 1922); 3EM Melbourne (Balaclava, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 63, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion (Holy Trinity Church) - Electoral Rolls: vicar (St Kilda, 1924-1942); nil (Caulfield, 1949-1954; Elsternwick, 1963)
===''DOUGLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gavin Cunningham Douglas|Douglas, Gavin Cunningham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99J-KJ4] - 1912(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3YK Melbourne (Bayswater, 1931-1939, 1947-1950+; Blackburn, 1954; Canterbury, 1955-1960+; Surrey Hills, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 743, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bayswater, 1935-1949); sales representative (Canterbury, 1963; Surrey Hills, 1968-1980)
* [[/Gordon Adye Douglas|Douglas, Gordon Adye]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRVY-WLJ] - 1878(Tas)-1957(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Receive Gormanston (1923); Receive Gormanston (1923); 7GD Gormanston (1924-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 34, 1924, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; mining engineer - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Gormanston, 1914-1928); draughtsman (Queenstown, 1936); geological surveyor (Queenstown, 1937-1943); no occupation (Hobart South, 1949; Blackman's Bay, 1954)
* [[/Hugh Alexander McKay Douglas|Douglas, Hugh Alexander McKay &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV3Y-3W4] - 1889(Eng)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2HD (Class B) Newcastle (1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Class B broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as a Listener) - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Newcastle, 1913); vulcaniser (Hamilton, 1930-1935); manager (Newcastle, 1936-1937); engineer (Mayfield, 1943; Hamilton, 1949)

===''DOWDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Lorens Thomas Dowding|Dowding, Philip Lorena or Loreno or Lorens Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZH8-Z6D] - 1901(Tas)-19??(Vic) - Licences: 7AC Receive Hobart (Moonah, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Moonah, 1922); electrician (St Kilda, 1926-1931; Prahran, 1934; Melbourne, 1937; St Kilda, 1943-1949); electrical foreman (Eildon, 1954)
===''DOWNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Downie|Downie, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8Y2-LQ8] - 1879(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Victoria Police (wireless department, senior constable); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo VPF) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Broadford, 1903); constable (North Carlton, 1909-1924); senior constable (Preston, 1927-1936)
===''DOWNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Evan Downing|Downing, William Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHV4-K46] - 1874(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3LQ Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3LQ Warrnambool (1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: brassfounder (Warrnambool, 1912-1937)

===''DOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Laurence Doyle|Doyle, Herbert Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VG-WVC] - 1894(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3HD Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1931); 3CR Melbourne (Malvern, 1933; Kooyong, 1937; Frankston, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 697, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: independent means (St Arnaud, 1924); grazier (Malvern East, 1925-1927); clerk (Malvern East, 1931-1937); home duties (Malvern, 1943)

===''DRAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James George Drake|Drake, James George]] - 1850(Eng)-1941(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1880s &amp; 1890s), state politician (Qld MLA, 1880s &amp; 1890s), politician (Postmaster-General 1901-1903)
===''DRANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Edward Draney|Draney, Walter Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KLP-VT7] - 1896(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milton, Qld, 1919; Greenslopes, Qld, 1921-1928; Tully, Qld, 1937; Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba West, Qld, 1958-1977); retired (Drayton, Qld, 1980)
===''DREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred John Drew|Drew, Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-1HH] - 1907(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5LN Adelaide (Kensington, 1933-1939; Erindale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1078, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Erindale, SA, 1943)

===''DUBOIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Louis Dubois|Dubois, Paul Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZQ-QN3] - 1918(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 4UJ Brisbane (Rosalie, 1936-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1947; South Brisbane, 1948; Highgate Hill, 1954-1960; Bardon 1960); 4PL Brisbane (Bardon 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1677, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; senior public servant (PMGD, Telstra) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1943; South Brisbane, Qld, 1949); public servant (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1954-1958); engineer (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977); manager telecommunications (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Duff, William Vere Hobart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZC-JGP] - 1893(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3DB Receive Melbourne (Malvern East, 1922); 3DB Melbourne (Malvern East, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Malvern East, 1914); engineer (Malvern East, 1919-1924; Glenferrie, 1931-1937; Toorak, 1943-1954; Harkaway, 1958-1968)
===''DUFFY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Duffy|Duffy, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXCB-QKJ] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AQ Sydney (Redfern, 1933; Woollahra, 1934; Rose Bay, 1935-1937); 4AQ Brisbane (Grange, 1938); 2AQ Sydney (Bondi, 1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP, not yet identified; AOLCP 264, 1936; TVOCP 54, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous JDs, needs review - Electoral Rolls: manager (Woollahra, NSW, 1934); engineer (Vaucluse, NSW, 1935);
* [[/Maurice Boyce Duffy|Duffy, Maurice Boyce &quot;Morrie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRYK-S76] - 1886(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/duffy-maurice-boyce-morrie-6030 ADB]
* [[/William Oswald Duffy|Duffy, William Oswald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD52-2Q2] - 1861(Eng)-1916(Tas) - Licences: XZO Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: signalman (Battery Point, 1914)

===''DUGGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry George Duggan|Duggan, Harry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT9H-8LW] - 1905(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3XI Warrnambool (1930-1965); 3AXI Warrnambool (1965-1969); 3XI Garvoc (1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 592, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Warrnambool, 1931-1954); engineer (Warrnambool, 1963-1968)

===''DUKES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon William Dukes|Dukes, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3RY-PGT] - 1909(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2WD Sydney (Forest Lodge, 1930-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1950; Homebush, 1954-1956; Cremorne, 1957-1958; Lane Cove, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 571, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 139, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Glebe, 1933-1937); radio engineer (Homebush, 1943-1949); engineer (Cremorne, 1954-1958); technician (Lane Cove, 1963-1980)

===''DUNDAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Loftus Dundas|Dundas, Reginald Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXC2-8LM] - 1915(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4DU Crawford, Kingaroy Line (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1990, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Theodore, Qld, 1937); labourer (Crawford, Kingaroy Line, Qld, 1949-1972); farmer (Torquay, Qld, 1977)

===''DUNLEAVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Francis Dunleavy|Dunleavy, Joseph Francis]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3JD Melbourne (St Kilda, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 508, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (St Kilda, 1924); electrical fitter (Melbourne, 1926; South Yarra, 1931); fitter (St Kilda, 1934)

===''DUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Dunn|Dunn, Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSN-T31] - 1898(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2GU Receive Sydney (South Kensington, 1922); 2GU Sydney (South Kensington, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coachbuilder (Kensington, 1930-1943); manager (Kingsford, 1958); retired (The Entrance, 1963-1980)
===''DUNSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter John Dunstan|Dunstan, Walter John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXJ-Y3V] - 1904(Vic)-1927(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Receive Ballarat (1922); 3JR Ballarat (1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 106, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: gone too soon - Relationships: brother of William Dunstan, Victoria Cross - Electoral Rolls: student (Ballarat East, 1927)

===''DURBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Keep Durbridge|Durbridge, William Keep]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDN-Z4B] - 1908(WA)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 4FS Receive Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Innisfail, Qld, 1930); clerk (Teneriffe, Qld, 1936-1937); bookkeeper (Dundoo Station, Eulo, Qld, 1937); no occupation (St Kilda, Vic, 1963-1972; Melbourne, Vic, 1977)

===''DUTHOIT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert George Duthoit|Duthoit, Albert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ94-V82] - 1901(Tas)-1970(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); labourer (Croydon North, 1931); no occupation (Armadale, 1931); engineer (Hobart South, 1936); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1935-1943); clerk (Ivanhoe, 1949; Oakleigh, 1954; Malvern, 1958); nil (Malvern, 1967-1968)
===''DUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Henry Dutton|Dutton, Thomas Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJG1-LRN] - 1862(Eng)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: painter (Rockhampton, Qld, 1903-1905); commission agent (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1908-1909); printer (Valley, Qld, 1913); traveller (Teneriffe, Qld, 1915-1937)

=='''E'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''EARLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Edwin Earle|Earle, Frank Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YV-B62] - 1900(SA)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5BD Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 823, 1924 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Erasmus Earle|Earle, Robert Erasmus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLX-NC1] - 1894(Eng)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6LC Perth (Floreat Park, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 4390, 1966, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Floreat Park, 1954-1977)
===''EASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard Easter|Easter, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2L-656] - 1914(SA)-1983(???) - Licences: 5RO Montieth (1933); 5RO Port Elliot (1937); 5RO Moonta (1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1111, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Moonta, SA, 1939-1947) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/532330 VWM]

===''EASTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Spencer Easton|Easton, Frederick William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-7XD] - 1914(NSW)-1944(PNG) - licences: 2BQ Sydney (Bondi, 1931-1935; Bellevue Hill, 1936-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 846, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - electoral rolls: projectionist (Rose Bay, 1936-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''EDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Frederick Ede|Ede, Charles Frederick or Friederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7D-PYL] - 1885(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Wellington Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1908; Albion, Qld, 1912-1921); assistant secretary (Manly, Qld, 1925-1963); retired (Wynnum North, 1968)

===''EDGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Waldene Edgar|Edgar, Douglas Waldene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5XS-K4X] - 1895(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6DW New Norcia (1927-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 314, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gingin, 1922; New Norcia, 1925-1954); retired (Nedlands, 1958-1963)
* [[/John Matheson Edgar|Edgar, John Matheson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB42-K1G] - 1881(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Receive Geelong (1923); 3YW Geelong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Training College, Carlton, 1903); state school teacher (Ballarat, 1909); teacher (Ballarat, 1913-1914; Geelong, 1917-1924; Essendon, 1925-1954)
* [[/Mervyn John Edgar|Edgar, Mervyn John or John Mervyn &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4W-647] - 1913(NSW)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4JE Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1302, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Radio Location Unit); radio retailing (Tracksons) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); salesman (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); shop assistant (Bulimba, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''EDWARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Patrick Joseph Edwards|Edwards, Frederick Patrick Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSX-5YG] - 1918(WA)-2004(WA) - Licences: 6DN Merredin (1938-1939); 6DN Perth (West Perth, 1947-1965; Ardross, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2127, 1938, WA; BOCP 278, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Merredin, WA, 1943); wireless operator (West Perth, WA, 1943-1954; Perth, WA, 1958-1968); clerk (Ardross, WA, 1972-1980)
* [[/H. E. Edwards|Edwards, H. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Croydon, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert John Edwards|Edwards, Herbert John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXF5-KP8] - 1894(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1937) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 802, 1923; 2COCP 18, 1929; 1COCP 208, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous HJEs - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rose Bay, NSW, 1930-1933); radio operator (Lord Howe Island, NSW, 1949); communication officer (Rose Bay, NSW, 1954)

===''EGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mavis Evelyn Egan|Fogg nee Egan, Mavis Evelyn or Evelene]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-1JK] - 1900(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Stanley (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver (YL) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanley, 1928); home duties (Wynyard, 1936-1943; Smithton, 1949; Sale, Vic, 1954; Cohuna, 1963; Devonport, 1972)

===''EGGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Percy Eggleton|Eggleton, Eric Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSTZ-5G9] - 1903(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DA Receive Toowoomba (1923-1924); 4DA Toowoomba (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 81, 1925, No. 9 in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (QATB) - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Toowoomba, 1925-1926); ambulance bearer (Toowoomba, 1931); ambulance superintendent (Dayboro, 1936-1943; Charleville, 1949-1958; Stanthorpe, 1963); retired (Caloundra, 1968-1977)

===''ELDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Alexander Mackenzie Elder|Elder, James Alexander Mackenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97W3-7FL] - 1869(Sct)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Awards: KBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Essendon, 1905); merchant (Moonee Ponds, 1908-1909); director (South Yarra, Vic, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/elder-sir-james-alexander-6099 ADB]
===''ELLERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lewis John Ellery|Ellery, Robert Lewis John]] - 1827(Eng)-1908(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Vic Government Astronomer
===''ELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Neville Elliott|Elliott, Robert Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-PPJ] - 1907(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4DW Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1936-1937); company manager (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954-1963); accountant (Brisbane, Qld, 1968); chartered accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1972); accountant (Toowoomba, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Ronald Donovan Elliott|Elliott, Ronald Donovan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G799-LTX] - 1910(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5RD Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1931-1933; Da Costa Park, 1937; Kirkcaldy, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 758, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Kirkcaldy, SA, 1939; Westbourne Park, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Murray Browse Elliott|Elliott, Thomas Murray Browse &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W8-947] - 1899(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4CM Brisbane (City, 1946-1969); operator of Valentine's 4CM licence 1925-1939 - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 72, 1925, No. 6 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; early television experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Fortitude Valley, 1921); salesman (Brisbane City, 1925-1931); sound engineer (Observatory, 1937-1943); company manager (City, 1949-1958); retired (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968)

===''ELLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Austin Ellis|Ellis, Clive Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-9HT] - 1912(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3LZ Melbourne (Williamstown, 1930-1931; Caulfield, 1933-1939; Newport, 1946-1956; Moorabbin, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 598, 1930, No. ?? in Victoria - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1937; Newport, 1943-1954); valuer (Moorabbin, 1958-1972)
* [[/John Osborne Ellis|Ellis, John Osborne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTM-Q42] - 1910(Eng)-1999(SA) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 522, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kimba, 1939-1943)
===''ELSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Robert Elsbury|Elsbury (adopted) or Wilson Bowman (biological), Cyril Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMG-5CW] - 1897(Qld)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6JE Kalgoorlie (1934-1939); 6JE Fimiston (1947-1956); 6JE Nornalup (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1372, 1934, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1922); mine timekeeper (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1925-1943); assistant accountant (Fimiston, WA, 1949-1954); mine paymaster (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1958)

===''ELWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Gregory Elworthy|Elworthy, Colin Gregory &quot;Col&quot;]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''EMBLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Austin Embling|Embling, Stewart Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGH-YQM] - 1907(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925); 3DC Melbourne (Toorak, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 236, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toorak, 1931-1943); assurance officer (Toorak, 1949-1980)

===''EVANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Henry Hubert Evans|Evans, Albert Henry Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH8N-BFX] - 1894(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: XVD Adelaide (Mile End, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 255, 1916 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:  assistant manager (Woollahra, 1949)
* [[/Griffith Benjamin Evans|Evans, Griffith Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQN-HL3] - 1877(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS - Electoral Rolls: naval telegraphist (Eden Vale, Vic, 1914-1915); telegraphist (Coburg, Vic, 1919); retired (Vaucluse, NSW, 1954-1963)
* [[/Percy Evans|Evans, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84B-DKL] - 1894(Eng)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 2OW Sydney (Kensington, 1928-1929; Randwick, 1930-1931); 3OZ Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1947-1948; Boronia, 1948; North Ringwood, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 458, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Kensington, 1930); salesman (Randwick, 1930-1931); sales manager (Camberwell, 1933-1937; Glen Iris, 1949); manager (Ringwood, 1954-1972)
* [[/R. Evans|Evans, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SP Sydney (Clovelly, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 265, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/Thomas Evan Evans|Evans, Thomas Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ7-S1L] - 1904(NZ)-1942(At Sea) - 3EV Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1927), 9EV Rabaul (1933+), amateur operator (AOCP 160, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, medical assistant, technical assistant, Civilian POW captured at Rabaul, died on board the &quot;Montevideo Maru&quot; when it was torpedoed and sunk en route from Rabaul to Hainan, where Thomas was destined for forced labour.
* [[/Trevor Elliott Evans|Evans, Trevor Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJQ-GRC] - 1903(Vic)-1979(Vic) - 3KD Receive Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1922-1924), 3RK Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1925-1933; Pascoe Vale, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 159, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (East Brunswick, 1931), contractor (Pascoe Vale, 1972)
* [[/Trevor Frederick Evans|Evans, Trevor Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L292-N4L] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - 2NS Blayney (1925-1929), 2NS Bathurst (1930-1939, 1946-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 113, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (BOCP 19, 1936) (2BS)

===''EVERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Every|Every, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDSS-VT4] - 1894(Eng)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 7GE Hobart (1931); 3GE Queenscliff (1937-1939); 3GE Balcombe (1947-1948); 3GE Carrum (1954-1956); 3GE Bonbeach (1960-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military instructor; WW1 (UK) - Electoral Rolls: silver mounter (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1919); soldier (Launceston, 1922; Hobart South, 1922); military instructor (Hobart South, 1928); soldier (Queenscliff, Vic, 1935-1937); military officer (Albury, NSW, 1943; Victoria Park, Qld, 1949); clerk (Frankston, 1949); accountant (Carrum, 1954)

===''EWING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Thomson Ewing|Ewing, Thomas Thomson]] - 1856(NSW)-1920(NSW) - state politician (NSW MLA), federal politician (MHR, acting Postmaster-General)

===''EXTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Walter Exton|Exton, George Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8QY-5XH] - 1882(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 2CZ Lismore (1922-1930) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast proprietor and engineer (2XN Lismore) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lismore, NSW, 1930-1963); retired (Saddlers Crossing, Qld)

=='''F'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''FABER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Thomas Faber|Faber, William John Thomas &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1976(Qld) - 4WF Ayr (-1938+), Brisbane (Kedron, -1948-1949+) , amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''FAGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Reginald Joseph Fagan|Fagan, William Reginald Joseph &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLF3-QPM] - 1883(NSW)-1944(NSW) - Licences: 2RJ Receive Mandurama (1922); 2RJ Mandurama (1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio station (director, 2SM) - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Mandurama, 1913-1943)

===''FAIRHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Fairhall|Fairhall, Allen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZB3-PKT] – 1909(NSW)-2006(NSW) – Licences: 2KB Newcastle (Hamilton, 1928–1929; New Lambton, 1930–1931; Cooks Hill, 1933–1934; City, 1935; Cooks Hill, 1937; City, 1938–1939; Hamilton, 1946–1961; City, 1965-1980+); 2AKL Paterson (1948–1958) – Qualifications: AOCP 391, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 23, 1930 – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, proprietor 2KO Newcastle, WW2 – Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (New Lambton, 1931–1932); manager (Newcastle, 1933–1949); primary producer (Trevallyn, 1954); M.H.R. (Newcastle, 1958); member of parliament (Newcastle, 1963–1968); manager (Newcastle, 1972–1980) - [[w:Allen Fairhall|Wikipedia]]

===''FALCONER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Illman Falconer|Falconer, Charles Illman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZK9-PJ6] – 1885(Vic)-1962(NSW) – Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923–1924), 3CF Melbourne (East Malvern, 1925–1926; Canterbury, 1927; Surrey Hills, 1931–1939, 1946–1954), 2AUF Terrigal (1955–1961), amateur operator (AOCP 204, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (Clifton Hill, 1909), mechanic (Fitzroy, 1914), engineer (Canterbury, 1915–1949), retired (Terrigal, 1958–1963)
===''FALLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyle Clifford Falls|Falls, Lyle Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLC-1VR] - 1899(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Caulfield, 1924-1925); instructor (Kew, 1926-1943)

===''FANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred – see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred (Fanning)
===''FANSHAWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Fanshawe, Arthur Dalrymple]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM7D-QY6] – 1847(Eng)-1936(Eng) – Admiral of UK Fleet, Commander-in-Chief Australia Station – Links: [[w:Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe|Wikipedia]]
===''FARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell George Farmer|Farmer, Maxwell George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG1-SHR] - 1916(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5GF Adelaide (Knoxville, 1933-1939; North Norwood, 1947-1948; Adelaide City, 1954-1956; Plympton, 1960-1980+); 5GY Portable Adelaide (Knoxville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1217, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FARRELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Howard Farrell|Farrell, John Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWT-CJT] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4WJ Brisbane Windsor, 1933-1939; Chermside, 1946-1948); 4WJ Quilpie (1954-1960); 4WJ Somerset Dam (1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1103, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Windsor, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Chermside, 1943-1949; Quilpie, 1954-1958); superintendent (Somerset Dam, 1963-1972)

===''FAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Harold Faul|Faul, Albert Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTD-S74] – 1907(NSW)-1979(NSW) – Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923–1924); 3AH Melbourne (St Kilda, 1926–1927) – Qualifications: AOCP 288, 1926, No. ?? in Vic – amateur operator, amateur broadcaster – Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1931–1934); lecturer (Camberwell, 1936); engineer (Bellevue Hill, 1936–1937; Camberwell, 1943); company director (Killara, 1949–1977)
===''FAULKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Wollas Faulks|Faulks, Richard Wollas &quot;Wol&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCD3-BQ3] - 1902(NSW)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2WF Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1931; Hurlstone Park, 1933; Canterbury, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 557, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Ashfield, 1930; Canterbury, 1933-1977)

===''FAWKNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Pascoe Robert Fawkner|Fawkner, Ernest Pascoe Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYB-YKW] - 1901(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: manager (Kings Meadows, 1928); furniture manufacturer (South Launceston, 1936)

===''FEENAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Leo Michael John Feenaghty|Feenaghty, Leo Michael John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYG2-RMT] - 1900(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4LJ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 291, 1926, No. 28 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club administrator; state public servant - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, 1925-1931); assistant secretary (Ashgrove, 1936-1958); public servant (Highgate Hill, 1963); retired (Isle of Capri, 1972-1980)
===''FELDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Feldman|Feldman, John Frederick Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNZ-5DH] - 1905(Vic)-1987(Vic) - 3QH Receive Geelong (South Geelong, 1923-1924), 3QH Geelong (South Geelong, 1925-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 140, 1925, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, bricklayer
===''FELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Frederick Fell|Fell, Evan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH4-FTW] - 1914(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1932-1939); 4EF Barcaldine (1946-1948); 4EF Mackay (1954-1955); 4EF Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1956; Bardon, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 978, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; AOLCP 175, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (inspector); property developer - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashgrove, Qld, 1936-1943); engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949; Mackay, Qld, 1954); public servant (Bardon, Qld, 1958-1977)

===''FELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. C. Fells|Fells, L. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FELTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Felton|Felton, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M5-C2J] - 1897(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2RF Sydney (Petersham, 1927-1929; Belmore, 1930-1939, 1946-1956); 2RT Sydney (Kogarah, 1937) - Qualifications: AOCP 366, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Belmore, 1930-1934); engineer (Belmore, 1936-1937); soldier (Belmore, 1943); radio technician (Belmore, 1949-1954)
===''FERGUSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Angus Ferguson|Ferguson, Colin Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DH-9KM] - 1917(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5CJ Mt Gambier (1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1994, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Cyril E. Ferguson|Ferguson, Cyril E.]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 2, 1914, No. 2 in Aus) - coastal station operator?

===''FERRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Walter Cecil Ferrall|Ferrall, Edgar Walter Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMF-G97] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Launceston (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Launceston, 1919-1949); inspector (Kingston Beach, 1954)
===''FERRICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Michael Bernard Ferricks|Ferricks, Michael Bernard &quot;Bernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58X-S4X] - 1914(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4UW Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1471, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); chemist (Northgate, Qld, 1949-1977); retired (Cairns, Qld, 1980)

===''FIEDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Victor Fiedler|Fiedler, Leslie Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHNW-3JZ] - 1906(SA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 5SL Adelaide (Woodville, 1927-1933), 5SL Moonta (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 353, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Henley, 1939-1943); theatre manager (Belmont, 1949); film exhibitor (Mt Lawley, 1958); company director (Mt Lawley, 1963-1968)

===''FIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph William Field|Field, Ralph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86V-Q5T] - 1915(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3RF Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939; Ormond, 1946-1948); 3LJ Melbourne (Ormond, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 599, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Caulfield, 1937); machinist (Bentleigh, 1942-1977)

===''FILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Crawford Files|Files, Jack Crawford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWG-JWJ] - 1907(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4JF Brisbane (Buranda, 1932-1935; Coorparoo, 1936-1939; Buranda 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, QSL manager); journalist (Teleradio, WIA Notes); accountant - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1931-1934; Coorparoo, Qld, 1936-1937); metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943-1963)
===''FILMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Le Roy Drowley Filmer|Filmer, Le Roy Drowley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNF-2Z7] - 1902(NSW)-1976(NSW) - 2FT Newcastle (Toronto, 1925-1930; Hamilton South, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 148, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, metallurgist

===''FINCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Edward Finch|Finch, Alan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6M4-987] - 1915(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 7CJ Launceston (Mowbray Heights, 1935-1939); 7CJ Hobart (New Town, 1946-1954); 7CJ Kelso (1955-1956); 3AEO Shepparton (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1575, 191935, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (St Leonards, 1936-1937); mechanic (New Town, 1943-1954); public servant (Radio Australia, Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1968); technician (Shepparton, 1972)
===''FINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Warren Finn|Finn, Leonard Warren]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2K-4P6] - 1914(SA)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5SP Adelaide (Seaton Park, 1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1671, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Seaton Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''FINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Finney|Finney, William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-W2H] - 1881(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AU Brisbane (Red Hill, 1923-1925); 4WF Brisbane (Red Hill, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 845, 1925; 2COCP 307, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); honorary radio inspector - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Red Hill, 1903-1905); telegraphist (New Farm, 1908; Newmarket, 1909; Red Hill, 1913-1937; East Nundah, 1949; Wooloowin, 1954)

===''FISHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Hugh Fisher|Fisher, Douglas Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD15-N13] - 1913(Vic)-1978(Tas) - Licences: 7AB Launceston (1934-1939); 7AB Burnie (1946-1948); 7AB Devonport (1954-1955); 7AB Lenah Valley (1956); 7AB Zeehan (1960); 7AB Oatlands (1965-1969; 7AB Claremont (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1373, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 7ZEE Neville Grant Fisher - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1936); bank clerk (Launceston, 1937; Burnie, 1943-1949; Devonport, 1954)
===''FISK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Thomas Fisk|Fisk, Ernest Thomas]] - 1886(Eng)-1965(NSW), 2EF Sydney (Lindfield, 1933-1939), early wireless experimenter, amateur radio operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP 1055, 1932, No. ?? in NSW), broadcast and radiocommunications business proprietor (AWA), operated prior to 1933 under various AWA callsigns, 2MC in 1928 was licensed to his residence at Vaucluse - Links:  [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fisk-sir-ernest-thomas-6177 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198906.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198907.pdf EA2]

===''FITCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campbell Fitchett|Fitchett, John Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQJ-K7W] - 1900(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Licences: XJDM Melbourne (Balwyn, 1913-1914); 3BL Melbourne (Balwyn, 1922-1925; Brighton, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 609, 1921 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Brighton, 1928-1937) - TroveTag: &quot;XJDM-3BL - John Campbell Fitchett&quot;
===''FITTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Stephen Luther Fittell|Fittell, Stephen Luther &quot;Steve&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCN9-KRT] - 1910(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JO Gympie (1929-1939); 4YF Gympie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 487, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 280, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; member radio club (WIAQ, Gympie ARC); commercial broadcaster (4GY) - Electoral Rolls: radio specialist (Gympie, 1937); radio dealer (Gympie, 1943-1980)

===''FITZALAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Albini Lawrence Fitzalan|Fitzalan, Herbert Albini Lawrence &quot;Hal&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1951(Qld) - 4HF Brisbane?, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, Halcyon (not mentioned)
===''FITZGERALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Francis Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Eric Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84F-Z7H] - 1907(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2EA Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1928-1929; Burwood, 1930-1931; Pagewood, 1931; Abbotsford, 1931; Bellevue Hill, 1933-1937; Waverley, 1938-1939); 2AAO Sydney (Chatswood, 1950-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 467, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woolahra, 1930-1931); salesman (Coogee, 1937); clerk (Chatswood, 1943-1977)
* [[/Patrick Michael Anthony Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald, Patrick Michael Anthony &quot;Pat&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G33Q-6K9] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PF Rockhampton (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1802, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1930); public servant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931-1968); clerk (Corinda, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Emu Park, Qld, 1980)
===''FITZGIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard John Fitzgibbons|Fitzgibbons, Richard John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXN-QPG] - 1893(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4DV Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fitter (Maryborough, Qld, 1916-1919); engine fitter (Ascot, Qld, 1921-1968)

===''FITZMAURICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Simcoe Fitzmaurice|Fitzmaurice, James Simcoe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-KCF] - 1861(Vic)-1934(SA) - Licences: XYB Perth (1913-1914); 5FT Adelaide (North Walkerville, 1923-1933) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMGD (State Engineer, WA &amp; SA); MIEE, AMIEE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1914-1916)

===''FLAHERTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Thomas Holm Flaherty|Flaherty, Gordon Thomas Holm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6Q2-C9T] - 1900(Vic)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CB Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: postman (South Brisbane, 1922); telephone mechanic (Buranda, 1925; Coorparoo, 1928); mechanic (Camp Hill, 1936; Beaudesert, 1937-1943); technician (Camp Hill, 1949-1963)
===''FLETCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Austin Fletcher|Fletcher, Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKQ-2QR] - 1891(Eng)-1922(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 128, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Roebourne, 1913); radio operator (Esperance, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Roebourne, 1917-1918); telegraphist (Oakleigh, 1921)
===''FLOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Flood|Flood, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BF-HPG] - 1883(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 238, 1916; 2COCP 415, 1932; 1COCP 348, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIL Flinders Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Emita, Flinders Island, Tas, 1914-1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1925; Meeandah, Qld, 1928; Eagle Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Cooktown, Qld, 1943); retired (Cairns, 1954-1958; Eventide Home, Charters Towers, 1963)

===''FOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Lillico Fogg|Fogg, Hugh Lillico]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW8N-KRZ] - 1900(Tas)-1975(WA) - Licences: 6HF Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1939); 5HF Mt Barker (1947-1948); 3AHF Benalla (1954-1960); 6HF Perth (Inglewood, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 787, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Perth, WA, 1931); clerk (Maylands, WA, 1936); bank officer (Maylands, WA, 1943); manager (ANZ Bank, Benalla, Vic, 1954); retired (Inglewood, WA, 1963-1972)

===''FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry James Bartholomew Foley|Foley, Henry James Bartholomew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QZ-5SV] - 1886(NSW)-1954(NSW) - Licences: Sydney (Randwick, 1911) - Qualifications: pre AOCP - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1913); merchant (Drummoyne, 1930-1954)

===''FOLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Ulrich Francis Folie|Folie, Max Ulrich Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-Y7F] - 1909(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3WZ Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1930-1933); 3GZ Mildura (1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 682, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Auburn, 1931); radio engineer (Mildura, 1934-1968)

===''FONTAINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Alfred Fontaine|Fontaine, Louis Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMDQ-L2V] - 1894(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT, 1914, No. 3 in Aus and Vic - RANRS; coastal wireless operator (VIG, Port Moresby, 1915-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Wyndham, 1918; Geraldton, 1922; Thursday Island, 1934-1936); telegraphist (St Kilda, 1937); radio telegraphist (Malvern, 1942); electrician (Camberwell, 1949)

===''FOOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Foot|Foot, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BT-FVF] - 1878(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 36, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (South Yarra, 1915; St Kilda, 1916-1917); RAN (Balaclava, 1919); tobacconist (Sandringham, 1925); manager (Prahran, 1937); clerk (St Kilda, 1942); retired (Dandenong, 1949-1954)

===''FORECAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Mark Llewllyn Forecast|Forecast, Arthur Mark Llewllyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HPS-H18] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3AM Melbourne (Malvern, 1926-1931; St Kilda, 1933; Caulfield, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; The Basin, 1954-1975; Ferntree Gully, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 279, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 141, 1934; BOCP 156, 1938; 1COCP 245, 1939 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Malvern, 1925-1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1931-1934); biograph operator (Caulfield East, 1937-1942; Glenhuntley, 1949); projectionist (The Basin, 1963-1972); retired (Ferntree Gully, 1977; Knoxfield, 1980)
===''FOREMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Graham Foreman|Foreman, Edgar Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD95-36X] - 1908(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4GF Ayr (1935-1939); 4GF Townsville (North Ward, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1577, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Stanton Hill, Qld, 1930); salesman (Ayr, Qld, 1934-1937); procurement specialist (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1954-1968); proprietor (Townsville, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''FORREST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Forrest|Forrest, John]] - 1847(WA)-1918(???) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1901, 17 days)
===''FORSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Joseph Forshaw|Forshaw, Charles Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGW-783] - 1895(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: XJDA Melbourne (Elwood, 1913-1914); V736 Receive Hamilton (1922); 3GQ Receive Hamilton (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identifed - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Myrtleford, 1917); clerk (Oakleigh, 1924-1937; Gardiner, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949; Glenhuntly, 1954)
===''FORSYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Arthur Forsyth|Forsyth, Royce Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1R-3S5] - 1917(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7BC Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1637, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Launceston, 1943); teacher (Hobart North, 1944); schoolteacher (Bellerive, 1949-1972)
===''FORSYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Edgar Forsythe|Forsythe, Leonard Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBY-MTR] - 1894(NSW)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 2BF Receive Sydney (Northbridge, 1922); 2BF Sydney (Northbridge, 1922-1929; Drummoyne, 1930-1933; Snapper Island, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 40, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: flagmaker (Northbridge, 1930-1949); department manager (Drummoyne, 1958); ship's chandler (Drummoyne, 1963-1980)
===''FORTESCUE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fortescue|Fortescue, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD8X-GQ7] - 1893(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Toowoomba (1922-1924); 4CF Toowoomba (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (CMF, Colonel); WW2; jeweller - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Toowoomba, 1913-1958); nil (Toowoomba, 1963-1968)

===''FOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest John Foster|Foster, Ernest John &quot;Ernie&quot;]] - 1914(Qld)-1967(Qld) - 4BY Brisbane, amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), broadcast engineer (4MB, 4BU), military (WW2, RAAF)
* [[/James Foster|Foster, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2Z-27G] - 1915(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5TX Adelaide (North Kensington, 1933-1939); 5LU Adelaide (Dulwich, 1947-1948; Oaklands, 1954-1965; Marion, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1140, 1933, SA; 1COCP 1046, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: painter (Frewville, SA, 1943)

===''FOURRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Fourro|Fourro, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4D1-YRR] - 1906(NSW)-1978(ACT) - Licences: 2VF Corowa (1930-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 703, 1930, NSW; AOLCP 165, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Narrandera, 1930); telephone mechanic (Corowa, 1931-1935); wireless mechanic (Corowa, 1936); mechanic (Brighton-le-Sands, 1937); foreman mechanic (2CY Canberra, 1943-1954); supervising technician (2BA Bega, 1958-1963); technician (Merimbula, 1968-1972)

===''FOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Malcolm Fowles|Fowles, Gordon Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H2-RC9] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1931); 3AMF Melbourne (Wheeler's Hill, 1948-1960; Avonsleigh, 1965-1969); 3AMF Cowes (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 490, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Albert Park, 1943; Hamilton, 1949); farmer (Avonsleigh, 1968); retired (Cowes, 1972)

===''FOX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Fox|Fox, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6BY-J5Z] - 1886(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 106, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Comment: several contemporaneous WG Fox; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''FRAME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vivian Horace Frame|Frame, Vivian Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ1-4QT] - 1899(Qld)-1959(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Mareeba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman ( Brisbane City, Qld); public works officer (Mareeba, Qld, 1922); architect (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925-1928; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1937; Virginia, Qld, 1949-1954; Norman Park, Qld, 1958)

===''FRANK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kendall Thomas Frank|Frank, Kendall Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-TGZ] - 1904(WA)-1951(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 921, 1926; 2COCP 289, 1930; 1COCP 64, 1935 - ship wireless operator (AWA), coastal wireless operator, amateur operator?, broadcast engineer (4PM) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Lakemba, 1943) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/frank-kendall-thomas-10236 ADB]

===''FRANZI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Franzi|Franzi, William Ronald &quot;Bill&quot; (formerly Emilio Stefan)]] - 1909(Italy)-19??(SA) - 4FR Atherton (1938-1939), 5FR Adelaide (Da Costa Park, 1946-1965; Glenelg East, 1969-1975), 5VK American Beach (1975-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 2192, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (IREE), military (RAAF), employment (radio technician)
===''FRASER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Douglas Fraser|Fraser, James Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NS-MQ3] - 1900(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2JF Quirindi (1930-1935) - Qualifications: AOCP 637, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quirindi, 1930-1943); engineer (Picton, 1949-1954)
* [[/H. Fraser|Fraser, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2JC Tamworth (1924-1925), amateur operator (no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Henry George Fraser|Fraser, Henry George]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 1001, 1932, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, at least two HGF engineers
===''FRAZER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Frazer|Frazer, Charles Edward &quot;Charlie&quot;]] - 1880(Vic)-1913(Vic) - politician (Postmaster-General, 1911-1913)

===''FREEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Freeman|Freeman, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZL-4F7] - 19??(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Sydney (Burwood, 1929-1939; Ashfield, 1946-1958; Cheltenham, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 544, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: packer (Newtown, 1930-1931; East Sydney, 1933-1935); engineer (Burwood, 1936-1937; Ashfield, 1943-1958; Cheltenham, 1963-1968) - individual not fully identified
* [[/L. Freeman|Freeman, L.]] - 18??-19?? - Licences: XQB Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''FREESTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Roy Freestone|Freestone, Leslie Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-NB5] - 1896(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LF Ballarat (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Ballarat, 1916-1920); commercial traveller (Ballarat, 1921-1936); traveller (Brighton, 1937-1954); nil (Geelong, 1977-1980)
===''FRETTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/O'Della Paul Fretten|Fretten, O'Della Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G845-BQH] - 1894(Eng)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 2RU Sydney (Concord, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 460, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930; Strathfield, 1933); foreman (Lane Cove, 1936-1937); public servant (St Kilda, 1943); cafe proprietor (Melbourne, 1949); sales manager (St Kilda, 1963); instructor (Brighton, 1967-1968); retired (Malvern East, 1972; Fitzroy North, 1977)
===''FREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Samuel Vernon Frew|Frew, Geoffrey Samuel Vernon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87N-ZC1] - 1909(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3PM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1928-1933; Brighton, 1937-1939, 1946-1956); 3PL Melbourne (Brighton, 1960); 3JK Melbourne (Brighton, 1969); 3PM Melbourne (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 402, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 66, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Camberwell, 1933); manager (Brighton, 1936-1937); engineer (Footscray, 1943; Brighton, 1949-1980)

===''FRIAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Owen Friar|Friar, Archibald Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4LQ-LGV] - 1905(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2AO Ulmarra (1929-1931); 2AO Grafton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 504, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chainman (Ulmarra, 1930-1937); garage proprietor (South Grafton, 1943-1963)

===''FROGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gerard James Frogley|Frogley, Gerard James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7K7-JNM] - 1902(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3GF Melbourne (Richmond, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 240, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (East Melbourne, 1924); battery mechanic (Richmond, 1925-1931)

===''FRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Turner Fry|Fry, Alfred Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRX-2SL] - 1881(NSW)-1928(Vic) - Licences: 7BG Receive Queenstown (1923); Receive Queenstown (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: metallurgist (Ballarat, 1917; Queenstown, Tas, 1919-1922; Sandringham, 1924-1927)
* [[/Reginald Hall Fry|Fry, Reginald Hall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6Y-9WN] - 1891(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2KC Sydney (Croydon, 1922-1929; Killara, 1930-1933); 2KC Parkes (1934); 2KC Goulburn (1935-1936); 2KC Wollongong (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 86, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Gordon, 1930; Killara, 1933; Goulburn, 1935-1936; Wollongong, 1937; Killara, 1943-1968); engineer (Killara, 1972)
===''FRYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Norman Fryer|Fryer, Keith Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3KH-TZ8] - 1906(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 2KF Sydney (Suspension Bridge, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: AOCP 332, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Neutral Bay, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1934; North Sydney, 1936; Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''FULCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. Fulcher|Fulcher, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, (Halcyon, P. 4)

===''FYSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHNP-534] - 1835(Eng)-1919(Tas) - state politician (MLC Tas, 1860s through 1890s; MHA Tas 1870s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1903-1904) - Relationships: grandfather of 7PF Philip Oakley Fysh
* [[/Philip Oakley Fysh|Fysh, Philip Oakley &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YS-4ZR] - 1897(Tas)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7PF Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 128, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Launceston Radio Experimenters' Club, WIA Launceston); WW2 - Relationships: grandson of Philip Oakley Fysh, federal Postmaster-General 1903-1904 - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Launceston, 1922-1954)

=='''G'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''GABBERTAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Gabbertas|Gabbertas, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF9C-2W7] - 1915(Eng)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6GB Perth (Maylands, 1936-1939; Mt Hawthorn, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1810, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); mechanic (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1980)

===''GADSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Wilkinson Gadsden|Gadsden, Stanley Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM38-WZ2] - 1887(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3SW Melbourne (Kew, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 26, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic, Chief of Council, 1926); placed 2nd in 3LO amateur broadcasting competition 1926 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Kew, 1908-1915); manufacturer (Kew, 1917-1954)

===''GALLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Victor Galle|Galle, Reginald Victor &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2P-KXN] - 1912(SA)-2008(SA)96yo - Licences: 5QR Adelaide (Prospect, 1931-1939, 1947-1948; Enfield, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 834, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Jabuk, SA, 1939-1941); schoolteacher (Tailem Bend, SA, 1943)

===''GAMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ray Gamble|Gamble, William Ray &quot;Ray&quot;]] - 1928(NSW)-2011(NSW) - broadcast engineer (BOCP 961, 1948), station manager, radio network principal [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/vale-ray-gamble Radio Info]

===''GAMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Gamon|Gamon, George Arthur]] - 1900(Vic)-1977(???) - 3GG Melbourne (South Yarra, 1925-1926; Middle Park, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 89, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''GARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Garing|Garing, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WV-2YG] - 1910(Vic)-2004(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified - Qualifications: AOCP 431, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: cadet (Point Cook, 1931-1934); airman (Point Cook, 1937); RAAF officer (Townsville, 1943; Point Cook, Vic, 1958; Williamtown, NSW, 1958); executive director (Turramurra, 1968); director (Turramurra, 1980)
===''GARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Raymond Garner|Garner, Alan Raymond]] - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician! (Frankston, 1963-1980)
===''GARNETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Garnett|Garnett, Brian]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4AHN Currimundi, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld),
===''GARRAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Randolph Garran|Garran, Richard Randolph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K822-L54] - 1903(Vic)-1991(ACT) - Licences: 3AW Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Toorak, 1924-1925); manager (Semaphore, SA, 1941; Caulfield, Vic, 1954-1980)
===''GARRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Benjamin Walter Garrett|Garrett, Horace Benjamin Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7PD-9SV] - 1906(Vic)-1979(Vic) - Licences: 3JI Melbourne (Box Hill, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Box Hill, 1928-1934); radio mechanic (Box Hill, 1936); salesman (Box Hill, 1943-1977)
===''GARTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Garth|Garth, Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DX-47Z] - 1903(Eng)-1959(Tas) - Licences: 2VZ Sydney (Coogee, 1930; Clovelly, 1931-1933; Bankstown, 1934-1936); 4VZ Mackay (1937-1939); 3SF Melbourne (Preston, 1948; Seaford, 1954); 7RG Trevallyn, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 584, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clovelly, NSW, 1930-1933); mechanic (Bankstown, NSW, 1934-1936); electrician (Slade Point, Qld, 1937-1943; Beaconsfield, Tas, 1958)

===''GAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Holman Gay|Gay, Augustus Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PF-938] - 1902(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3SM Warragul (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Warragul, 1927-1934); engineer (South Yarra, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Kew, 1963-1980)
* [[/Vivian James Gay|Gay, Vivian James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYT8-VJJ] - 1908(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 2VI Sydney (Chatswood, 1935-1939; North Sydney, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965); 2VI Burradoo (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1510, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: printer (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943); master printer (Lane Cove, 1949-1968); printer (Artarmon, 1972); retired (Burradoo, 1977-1980)

===''GEAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Vivian Geake|Geake, Wilfred Vivian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTF-H1J] - 1893(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5BR Receive Kooringa (1922); 5BR Receive (Murray Bridge, 1923); Receive Murray Bridge (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hillside, SA, 1939)

===''GEDDES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Albert Geddes|Geddes, Frank Albert]] - 1901(NSW)-1922(NSW) - 2GC Sydney (Waverley, 1922, receive only), amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), radio clubs (Waverley Radio Club), due to age licence held in name of father Francis G Geddes

===''GEEVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Leslie Geeves|Geeves, Philip Leslie &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88C-Y8Y] - 1917(NSW)-1983(NSW) - radio broadcaster (VK2ME, 2CH, ABC); employment (AWA, 1937-1970s); journalist (SMH); historian (AWA, broadcasting); awards (OAM, 1980) - Electoral Rolls: radio executive (Bexley, 1949-1963); executive (Hurstville South, 1972-1980)
===''GEISEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK7-NJ4] - 1921(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5YL Murray Bridge (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1788, 1936, SA; 2COCP 448, 1941; 1COCP 544, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''GEORGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Heinrich Alfred August George|George, Heinrich Alfred August &quot;Henry&quot;, &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G387-XZ4] - 1899(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3ZP Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1919-1963)
===''GEORGESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Georgeson|Georgeson, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS1-17Q] - 1897(Eng)-1976(Taiwan) - Licences: 5JD Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1938); 2AKU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1939; Granville, 1946-1947; Artarmon, 1948-1954; Lane Cove (1955); Artarmon (1956-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1783, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, NSW, 1943); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1949-1954); electrical engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1963-1968); engineer (Artarmon, NSW, 1972)

===''GERAGHTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/James Anselm Geraghty|Geraghty, James Anselm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVD-VY9] - 1877(???)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CS Receive Townsville (1923); 4CS Townsville (1923-1924); 4CS Brisbane (Nudgee, 1924); 4CS Gympie (1924); 4CS Townsville (1925); 4CS Gympie (1925-1927); 2JG Wagga Wagga (1929); 7CB Launceston (1931); 4CB Brisbane (Nudgee, 1933); 4AC Bundaberg (1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 186, 1925, No. 17 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; minister of religion and teacher (Christian Brothers) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Ballarat, 1906; Gympie, 1909-1913; Dunedin, 1914-1916; South Brisbane, 1919-1925; Tamworth, 1930; Bundaberg, 1934; Ipswich, 1943; Albion, 1949; Gympie, 1954); retired (Boondall, 1958-1968)

===''GIBBON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Foster Gibbon|Gibbon, Thomas Foster]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G857-MWS] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XJAV Melbourne (Kew, 1913-1914); Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Kew, 1923); 3XZ Melbourne (Kew, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Kew, 1919-1925); electrical engineer (Kew, 1928-1954); engineer (Kew, 1963)

===''GIBBONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Gibbons|Gibbons, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XB-YRJ] - 1907(Wales)-19??(???) - Licences: 2FG Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 255, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Neutral Bay, 1930); clerk (Gordon, 1954-1968); director (Turramurra, 1972-1977)

===''GIBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. G. Gibson|Gibson, E. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Ormiston, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
*[[/Edgar McLean Gibson|Gibson, Edgar McLean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-SM5] - 1877(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1925), possibly held on behalf of son Leighton - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs - Relationships: father of 4AN William Leighton Gibson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Toowoomba, 1908-1917; Greenslopes, 1922); engineer (Manly, 1936-1937; Hawthorne, 1943-1968)
*[[/George Holland Gibson|Gibson, George Holland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MXPG-HB4] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: XQG Brisbane (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Fortitude Valley, 1915-1917); mechanic (Newmarket, 1919-1928; New Farm, 1937-1943); telephone technician (Bulimba, 1954-1977)
* [[/Richard Leslie Gibson|Gibson, Richard Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9QNS-G8V] - 1900(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2GH Alstonville (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 578, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Alstonville, 1930-1949); retired (Alstonville, 1963-1968; Ballina, 1972)
* [[/William Gerrand Gibson|Gibson, William Gerrand]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWJY-5G9] - 1869(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Politician, Federal Postmaster-General 1923-1929 [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/gibson-william-gerrand-6313 ADB]
*[[/William Leighton Gibson|Gibson, William Leighton &quot;Leighton&quot; &amp; &quot;Gibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5W-Q7S] - 1907(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AN Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 73, 1925, No. 7 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN &quot;Bananalander&quot;); wireless business employee (Phillips Radio) - Relationships: son of 4AN Edgar McLean Gibson - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Manly, Qld, 1936-1937; Camp Hill, Qld, 1943); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949); business executive (Balgowlah, NSW, 1958); regional representative (Palm Beach, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GIDDINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Hudson Giddings|Giddings or Whitney, Albert Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR4-PDP] - 1914(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 5FI Adelaide (Nailsworth, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1556, 1935, SA; 1COCP 102, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, Lieutenant, Signals) - Electoral Rolls: PMG employee (Sale, Vic, 1968); technician (Elwood, Vic, 1972); clerk (Hughs, ACT, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/612780 VWMA]
* [[/Albert William James Giddings|Giddings, Albert William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9711-NG3] - 1909(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3DG Stratford (1935-1939); 3DG Numurkah (1947-1948); 3DG Lancefield (1954-1969);  - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1574, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster;; WW2 (RAAF, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Culgoa, Vic, 1931); bank clerk (Pakenham East, Vic, 1934); bank officer (Stratford, Vic, 1936-1937); warrant officer RAAF (Point Cook, Vic, 1942); bank official (Numurkah, Vic, 1949)

===''GILFILLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles Kent Gilfillan|Gilfillan, William Charles Kent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-93Q] - 1869(NSW)-1952(NSW) - Licences: 2AM Receive Sydney (Greenwich, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: independent means (Manly, 1913); soldier (Manly, 1930-1935); no occupation (Redfern, 1937); manufacturer (Mosman, 1943-1949)

===''GILHOOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Forrest Gilhooley|Gilhooley, Joseph Aloysius Forrest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPF-L6N] - 1877(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2AH Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darlinghurst, 1903; Hunters Hill, 1930-1935); traveller (Hunters Hill, 1937-1949)

===''GILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Stewart Gill|Gill, Alan Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH6B-JQ4] - 1907(NSW)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 7AS Launceston (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 191, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist &amp; engineer (Electrolytic Zinc Co) - Electoral Rolls: research chemist (Hobart Central, 1928; Sandy Bay, 1936-1949); chemist (Hobart South, 1954)
* [[/Alfred Wyatt McKenzie Gill|Gill, Alfred Wyatt McKenzie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBP-B8D] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2TS Receive Sydney (Killara, 1923); 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Killara, 1933-1937; Wahroonga, 1949); soldier (Wahroonga, 1943); airline officer (Wahroonga, 1954-1958)
===''GILLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Rex Gregory Gillett|Gillett, Clarence Rex Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWJC-ZDW] - 1919(SA?)-2020(SA) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (All Wave All World DX Club, Australian DX Radio Club (SA Branch), South Australian DX Radio Club, Australian Radio DX Club, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia, New Zealand Radio DX League) - substantial portion (100+) of QSL collection survives (SSD, NFSA)
===''GILLHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman William Gillham|Gillham, Norman William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTT-M8V] - 1906(Tas)-1994(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923-1924); 7NW Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 176, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 944, 1927 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sandy Bay, 1928); joiner (Queensborough, 1936-1937); builder (Nelson, 1943-1954)
===''GILLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Clifford Gillon|Gillon, Peter Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD7M-X53] - 1895(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 99, 1915 - Coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls: operator (Bondi, 1934); radio telegraphist (Crow's Nest, NSW, 1936; Cooktown, Qld, 1937; Townsville, 1943); telegraphist (Kensington, NSW, 1949-1954; Cremorne, 1958); radio operator (Cremorne, 1963-1968)

===''GILMOUR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stanley Gilmour|Gilmour, Norman Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-PVG] - 1890(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2ZU Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1930; Potts Point, 1931; City, 1933-1939; Mosman, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 28, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: director (Neutral Bay, 1930); business manager (Darlinghurst, 1931); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1937; Mosman, 1943-1958)

===''GINBEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Haldane Ginbey|Ginbey, Ian Haldane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-73N] - 1913(WA)-1962(WA) - Licences: 6IG Perth (Fremantle, 1938-1939; Bicton, 1947-1948; Attadale, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2084, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1936; Fremantle, WA, 1937; South Fremantle, WA, 1943); salesman (Melville, WA, 1958)

===''GINGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ubitt Victor Ginger|Ginger, Ubitt Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5P-G76] - 1891(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2LF Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923); 2LF Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1924; North Sydney, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; police officer - callsign 2LF to L. R. Filmer, Toronto from Sep 1925, Bracken from 1933 - Electoral Rolls: constable (Chatswood, 1930-1933); police constable (Marrickville, 1934); constable (Naremburn, 1936-1937)

===''GINN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Ginn|Ginn, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZC-95C] - 1917(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4GE Townsville (1936-1939; 1946-1948); 4GE Brisbane (Hendra, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1749, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, RAAF, AIF); employment (life insurance agent) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Townsville, Qld, 1943); shop assistant (Windsor, Qld, 1949); salesman (Hendra, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''GIVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/L. James M. Givens|Givens, L. James M. &quot;James&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LX-7WR] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3EP Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1923); 3EP Melbourne (Canterbury, 1924-1927); 3XY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 849, 1925; AOLCP 121, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (Canterbury, 1931-1937; Camberwell, 1943); photographer (Delbridge, 1954)

===''GLASSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
*[[/Ronald John Glassop|Glassop, Ronald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBZX-P8N] - 1910(NSW)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 2RF Newcastle (City, 1934-1935; Blackhalls, 1936; Hamilton East, 1937); 4BG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 4BG Maryborough (1947-1969); 4BG North Tamborine (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1288, 1934, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; insurance assessor - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Newcastle, NSW, 1932-1935); clerk (Hamilton, NSW, 1937); insurance inspector (Clayfield, Qld, 1937); insurance secretary (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1968); retired (Miami, Qld, 1972; Mt Tamborine, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''GLOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Frederick Glover|Glover, Alexander Frederick or Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L246-XZ6] - 1925(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3AFG Sale (1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2705, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Sale, 1949); mechanic (Sale, 1954-1980)
* [[/Arthur James George Glover|Glover, Arthur James George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2MT8-CZ8] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1928-1931; Surrey Hills, 1933); 3AG Warrnambool (1937-1939); 3AG Melbourne (Box Hill, 1946-1960; Camberwell, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 392, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 1129, 1928; 2COCP 153, 1930; 1COCP 29, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Box Hill, 1931); engineer (Box Hill, 1936); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1937); engineer (Canterbury, 1943; Box Hill, 1949-1954); automation engineer (Camberwell, 1963-1968); engineer (Camberwell, 1972-1977)
* [[/Maurice Glover|Glover, Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-25R] - 1912(Vic)-2003(Tas) - Licences: 7MG Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1948); 7MG Swansea (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2129, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nelson, 1943); no occupation (Swansea, 1949; Nelson, 1954)
* [[/Maxwell Arthur Glover|Glover, Maxwell Arthur &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-58X] - 1902(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3GB Receive Melbourne (Auburn, 1922); 3GB Melbourne (Camberwell, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: No record of AOCP; 3COCP 671, 1948 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Camberwell, 1924-1934); wool buyer (Toorak, 1935-1936; South Yarra, 1937); director (Malvern, 1949-1980)
===''GLUSKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Gluskie|Gluskie, C. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GODDARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Endacott Goddard|Goddard, John Endacott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNBM-L27] - 1914(WA)-1943(Crete) - Licences: 6JG Perth (North Perth, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1427, 1935, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Fremantle, 1936) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links:  [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/goddard-john-endacott-406692/ Aviation Museum WA]; [https://anzac.site/greece/crete-operation-thesis-goddard/ Operation Thesis]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1703409 AWM Roll of Honour]

===''GOFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Goford|Goford, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZH-W3H] - 1898(Eng)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4MI Mount Isa (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1675, 1936, Qld; BOCP 387, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Mt Isa, Qld, 1937); broadcasting technician (Goonellabah, NSW, 1943); DCA technician (Alice Springs, NT, 1954-1963)

===''GOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold|Gold, Clifford Henry Yarburgh or Yarborough &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19B-YYC] - 1906(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Brisbane (Hill End, 1926-1931); 4CG Toowoomba (1933-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 262, 1926, No. 21 in Qld; AOLCP 186, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (West End, 1928-1931); radio operator (Toowoomba, 1934); projectionist (Toowoomba, 1936-1963); radio technician (Balmoral, 1968-1977) - Relationships: nephew of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; also Doug &amp; Geoff
* [[/Douglas Edward Gold|Gold, Douglas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8RL-XQB] - 1917(NSW)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 254, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Toowoomba, 1943-1949); assistant manager (Toowoomba, 1954-1958)
* [[/Edward Edwin Gold|Gold, Edward Edwin &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L13Q-WZV] - 1894(Qld)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Toowoomba (1924-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 7, 1924, No. 1 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; awarded Class B licence for 4GR Toowoomba; commercial broadcast station proprietor (4GR); Relationships: father of Geoffrey Kilvington Gold; uncle of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowoomba, 1925-1958)
* [[/Geoffrey Kilvington Gold|Gold, Geoffrey Kilvington]] - 1943(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: BOCP 2210, 1963; AOLCP 1608, 1964 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4EG Edward Edwin Gold; brother of Douglas Edward Gold; greatnephew of 4CG Clifford Henry Yarburgh Gold - Electoral Rolls: radio broadcaster (Annerley, 1968)
===''GOLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick John Golden|Golden, Patrick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSFG-R49] - 1893(Ire)-1943(Qld) - Licences: 4PG Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (likely UK) - ship wireless operator; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio business proprietor; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Wynnum Heights, 1928-1931); radio dealer (Clayfield, 1936-1937); radio operator (Flying boat base, Karumba, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''GOLDSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Herbert Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Frank Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93SX-QL8] - 1895(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6FG Perth (Nedlands Park, 1927-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 377, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio journalist - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Perth, 1917); journalist (Bunbury, 1921-1922; Nedlands, 1925-1949; Roleystone, 1954-1958); retired (Rossmoyne, 1968-1972)
* [[/Gordon William Goldsmith|Goldsmith, Gordon William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWR-BKR] - 1914(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5HM Cowandilla (1936-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1629, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: laborer (Cowandilla, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GOLDSWORTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Goldsworthy|Goldsworthy, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4D7-C24] - 1910(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (Valley, 1934-1939); 4WA Rockhampton (1947-1948)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1341, 1934, Qld; 2COCP 1112, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Valley, Qld, 1934-1943); aeradio operator (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)

===''GOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jasper Claude Golley|Golley, Jasper Claude]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGK-S1F] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5JX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1937; Glengowrie, 1938-1939; Seacliff, 1948-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1522, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Glengowrie, SA, 1939-1941; Seacliff, SA, 1943)

===''GOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Joseph Good|Good, Edward Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMS7-P78] - 1864(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Glenrowan (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Taminick, 1903); traveller (Taminick, 1909-1930)

===''GOODE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Russell Goode|Goode, Arthur Russell]] - 1889(Vic)-1971(Vic) - XLK Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1913), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic),  PMGD (telegraphist, Central Office, Melbourne, 1903-1921), Listener-In (journalist; editor), author several books, grandfather of Michael Goode 3BDL
* [[/Michael Goode|Goode, Michael]] - 3ZYY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1969+), 3BDL Melbourne, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1968, No. ?? in Vic), historian (amateur radio, 5 metres), grandson of XLK Arthur Russell Goode

===''GORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Arthur Gorman|Gorman, Clarence Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLZ-X8H] - 1895(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: XCG Sydney (Oatley, 1913-1914); 2EC Receive Sydney (Arncliffe, 1922); 2EC Sydney (Arncliffe, 1923-1925); 2CG Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1929); designated operator 2UI Illawarra Radio Club (Kogarah, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 222, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: NSW winner 1923 Trans-Pacific Tests - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Rockdale, 1930-1931; Kogarah, 1932-1943; Hargrave Park, 1949; Villawood, 1954-1963)

===''GOSTELOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Victor Gostelow|Gostelow, Alfred Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVQ-PCX] - 1897(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: XABD Dorrigo (1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Uralla, 1930-1936; Scone, 1937-1949; Terrigal, 1954-1968); retired (Terrigal, 1972)

===''GOTTING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Benjamin Gotting|Gotting, Herbert Edward Benjamin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLY-HLD] - 1889(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: N760 Receive Braemar (1922); 2ID Receive Braemar (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Braemar, 1930); electrician (Mittagong, 1936-1937); engineer (Mittagong, 1949-1963)

===''GOVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Neville Govan|Govan, Walter Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2XF-YDT] - 1905(Vic)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5WG Port Pirie (1934-1939); 5WG Crystal Brook (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1273, 1934, SA; BOCP 40, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lead burner (Port Pirie, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1943)

===''GOVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Selwyn Harry James Gover|Gover, Selwyn Harry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-D2L] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Nundah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 789, 1923; 2COCP 43, 1929; 1COCP 249, 1939 - amateur receiver; ship wireless officer - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Annerley, Qld, 1925); marine radio officer (East Brisbane, Qld, 1949-1968)

===''GOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gelston Stewart Gow|Gow, Gelston Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7HP-61D] - 1895(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: XBW Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2GG Sydney (City, 1928-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 411, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1930); electrician (Darlinghurst, 1933-1943); manufacturer (Darlinghurst, 1954-1972)

===''GOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Nelson James Gowlett|Gowlett, Frank Nelson James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G619-PYV] - 1891(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 163, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Townsville, 1925); wireless operator (Maroubra, 1930-1931); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1934-1937; Cooktown, 1943-1949; Maroubra, 1949); radio officer (Maroubra, 1958-1963)

===''GOYDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil William Goyder|Goyder, Cecil William]] - about 1906(Eng)-1980(NJ, USA) - G2SZ England, amateur operator [http://www.clement-jones.com/ps03/ps03_313.html]

===''GRAHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Ernest Graham|Graham, Donald Ernest &quot;Don&quot;]] - 1933(WA)-2012(WA) - 6HK Perth (Mount Hawthorn, 1954-1956; Wembley Downs, 1960-1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 3162, 1951, No. ?? in WA) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), DoC / DoTaC (WA State Broadcasting Engineer) - a good life, well lived [https://stephbg.livejournal.com/669733.html]
* [[/James Alexander Graham|Graham, James Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G979-6RF] - 1905(Sct)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4JQ Brisbane (Ekibin, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2058, 1937, Qld; 1COCP 510, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Ekibin, Qld, 1937-1954)
* [[/William Denton Graham|Graham, William Denton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGS-KB5] - 1895(Tas)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2RR Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2WG Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 227, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Rockdale, 1930-1937); process worker (Bondi Junction, 1943); iron worker (Rockdale, 1949-1968); machinist (Rockdale, 1977); retired (Liverpool, 1980)
* [[/William Thompson Graham|Graham, William Thompson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR1-SL3] - 1902(Sct)-1987(Tas) - Licences: 7BV Receive St Mary's (1923); Receive St Mary's (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer's assistant (St Mary's, 1925-1954);

===''GRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin John Rawle Grant|Grant, Colin John Rawle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-BXF] - 1902(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4JG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 310, 1926, No. 32 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; accountant - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wooloowin, 1925-1934); security officer (Eagle Junction, 1936); auditor (West Nundah, 1937); retired (Southport, 1968-1980)
* [[/James Grant|Grant, James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2DP Newcastle (Stockton, 1929-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 555, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: 
* [[/William Patrick Grant|Grant, William Patrick &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZJ-YJC] - 1917(Ireland)-19??(Ireland) - Licences: 4WU Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1801, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 269, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; air controller (Shannon Airport) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GRANTHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Richard Grantham|Grantham, Sidney Richard &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ6-B8S] - 1920(Qld)-2003(Qld) - Licences: 4SG Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1946-1956); 4SG Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1960; Hendra, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2083, 1938, Qld; 1COCP 927, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, IREE, RFDS council); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); federal public servant (DCA, Aeradio; PMGD/DoC, radio inspector); broadcast technician (4GR) - Electoral Rolls: RAAF (Yerongpilly, Qld, 1943); broadcast engineer (Harristown, Qld, 1949); engineer (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); radio inspector (Hendra, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''GRANVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Florence Violet Granville|Granville (nee) / Wallace / McKenzie, Florence Violet &quot;Mrs Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRR8-ZWS] - 1890(Vic)-1982(NSW) - 2GA Sydney (Sydney, 1922-1924; Greenwich, 1925-1939), 2FV Sydney (Sydney, 1946-1950; Circular Quay, 1954; Greenwich, 1955-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 109, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, business proprietor, signals instructor - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mckenzie-florence-violet-15485 ADB]

===''GRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Gray|Gray, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Albert Howell Gray|Gray, Albert Howell &quot;Dave&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXM-J83] - 1907(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2IJ Receive Sydney (Killara, 1922); 2IJ Sydney (Killara, 1923-1939, 1946-1969; Whale Beach, 1975-1980+); 2AG Sydney (McMahons Point, 1931-1938; Lane Cove, 1939); 2APV Sydney (McMahons Point, 1954; Strathfield, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 90, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Killara, 1930-1936); engineer (Killara, 1937-1968; Whale Beach, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frank Malcolm Gray|Gray, Frank Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBBV-5XS] - 1910(SA)-2011(Qld)100yo - Licences: 5MU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1932-1933); 5SU Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1937-1939, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1017, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 5MU possibly withdrawn for 5MU Murray Bridge - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Toorak Gardens, 1939)
* [[/George Henry Boulderson Gray|Gray, George Henry Boulderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTTN-WVM] - 1912(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JP Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1796, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot, Qld, 1936-1943); sound engineer (Ascot, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''GREEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Green|Green, Albert Ernest]] - 1869(Vic)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - State &amp; Federal politician; Postmaster-General (1931-1932) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Albert Green (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Herman Rowland Green|Green, Herman Rowland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-LGY] - 1915(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: 5OJ Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1679, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. Green|Green, J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Yeronga, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter William Green|Green, Walter William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB7-R87] - 1911(WA)-2012(WA) - Licences: 6WG Albany (1936-1937); 6WG Wiluna (1937-1939); 6WG Albany (1947-1960); 6WG Derby (1965); 6WG Norseman (1969); 6WG Albany (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1676, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936); fitter (Albany, WA, 1958-1963); plant inspector (Norseman, WA, 1968); mechanic (Albany, WA, 1972-1980)

===''GREENHALGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Neal Greenhalgh|Greenhalgh, Kenneth Neal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-NGD] - 1909(NSW)-2002(NSW) - Licences: 2KG Newcastle (Hamilton, 1929-1930; Rooty Hill, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Mayfield West, 1934-1939; New Lambton, 1946-1956; Adamstown Heights, 1957-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 550, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 73, 1932; 1COCP 839, 1944; TVOCP 18, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Hamilton, 1930); broadcasting engineer (2KO Sandgate, 1933); engineer (Mayfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (New Lambton, 1943-1954; Adamstown, 1958-1968; Adamstown Heights, 1977-1980) 
===''GREENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold John Greenham|Greenham, Arnold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH9-QQS] - 1907(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4EE Receive Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1923); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933); 4AG Gympie (1934); 4AG Innisfail (1937-1939); 4AG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1946-1948); 4AG Caloundra (1954-1956); 4AG Brisbane (Kallangur, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1040, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 807, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; bank employee (NAB) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Gympie, 1936; Innisfail, 1937; South Brisbane, 1943-1949); not stated (Caloundra, 1954-1958); retired (Kallangur, 1963-1972)
===''GREENHILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alexander Greenhill|Greenhill, George Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT3K-GWN] - 1904(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LE Brisbane (West End, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1348, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1925); ceiling fixer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928); cleaner (West End, Qld, 1937; Archerfield, Qld, 1943); steward (Wilston, Qld, 1949); metal finisher (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); barman (Kirra, Qld, 1958); caretaker (Caloundra, Qld, 1963); cleaner (Woorim, Qld, 1968)

===''GREGORY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. Gregory|Gregory, A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAED Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet identified, possibly Alyn Keith Gregory, bank officer, Bellevue Hill, 1930-1939
* [[/Clyde Francis Burnell Gregory|Gregory, Clyde Francis Burnell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS34-5MV] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Qld) - Licences: Receive Emu Park (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1937); fisherman (Yeppoon, Qld, 1943-1949); taxi driver (Maryborough, Qld, 1958); taxi proprietor (Nelly Bay, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Harold Rigby Gregory|Gregory, Harold Rigby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2C9-CDX] - 1900(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2ED Receive Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1922); 2ED Sydney (Abbotsford Pt, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1930); inspector (Roseville, 1931-1936); insurance inspector (Roseville, 1937); manager (Newcastle, 1943-1954); insurance manager (Merewether, 1958-1972)
* [[/Robert William Gregory|Gregory, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2FW-QFJ] - 1907(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5GU Mt Barker (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1438, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: constable (Kadina, SA, 1939); police officer (Lobethal, SA, 1941-1943)

===''GREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Grey|Grey, Albert Edward &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDK5-374] - 1897(WA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6BO Perth (Nedlands, 1925-1932); 6BO Carnarvon (1933); 6AA Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; RTCP 532, 1920, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP 35, 1934; TVOCP 278 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo PMGD); PMGD (postal assistant, Leederville,1919); WW1; RAAF (WW2, radar systems) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1925; Nedlands, 1925-1931); radio inspector (Nedlands, 1936-1972); retired (Nedlands, 1977-1980)
* [[/Elton Edward Grey|Grey, Elton Edward or Edward Elton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWPL-PQ5] - 1920(Qld)-1962(WA) - Licences: 4LX Brisbane (Ascot, 1936-1939); 6ZX Perth (West Perth, 1948); 6ZX Northam (1954-1955); 6ZX Perth (Leederville, 1956; Floreat Park, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1689, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (West Perth, WA, 1943); bank clerk (West Perth, WA, 1949); bank officer (Wagin, WA, 1949; Northam, WA, 1954; Floreat Park, WA, 1958)
* [[/James Leonard Grey|Grey, James Leonard &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZV-ZY5] - 1915(Sct)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4LN Brisbane (Norman Park, 1937-1938); 2AKO Sydney (Vaucluse, 1939; Pymble, 1946-1961; St Ives, 1965-1969; Neutral Bay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 184, 1934; 2COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF); pilot (RQAC, QANTAS) - Electoral Rolls: aviator (Norman Park, Qld, 1936-1937); airline captain (Pymble, NSW, 1949-1958; St Ives, NSW, 1963-1968); retired (Neutral Bay, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''GRIBBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Gribble|Gribble, Arthur James]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1, VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Comment: only one reference found, likely misspelling; Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''GRIEVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Grieve|Grieve, Ian]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - historian (broadcast); proprietor of Australian Old Time Radio website - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://www.australianotr.com.au/ OTR]
===''GRIFFIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Neville Griffin|Griffin, Thomas Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C4-RJ2] - 1889(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2LQ Sydney (Hornsby, 1929-1936); 2AIR Sydney (Northbridge, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 505, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Hornsby, 1930-1934); electrical engineer (Artarmon, 1936; Willoughby, 1937; Hornsby, 1943-1949)
===''GRIFFEN-FOLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bridget Griffen-Foley|Griffen-Foley, Bridget]] - historian (broadcasting) - Professor, Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language and Literature, Macquarie University - author &quot;Changing Stations: The Story of Australian Commercial Radio&quot; &amp; numerous professional articles
===''GRIFFITHS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Arthur Griffiths|Griffiths, Leslie Arthur &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZK-81V] - 1909(Qld)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4LZ Toowoomba (1938-1939, 1947-1956) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, signaller); cine assistant (Empire Theatre) - Halcyon: AOCP Toowoomba 1938 - Electoral Rolls: assistant projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1931-1937); biograph projectionist (Toowoomba, Qld, 1943-1954; Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); projectionist (Toowoomba West, Qld, 1963-1968)

===''GRIGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Haydn Errol Grigg|Grigg, Haydn Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BV-N98] - 1899(???)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2AS Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922); 2AS Sydney (Mosman, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Darlinghurst, 1935; Edgecliff, 1935-1949; Double Bay, 1954-1968)
===''GRIMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Douglas Grimes|Grimes, Benjamin Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8B-D6J] - 1901(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Annerley, 1923-1924); 4BD Brisbane (Annerley, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 278, 1926, No. 23 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wool classer (Tarragindi, 1925-1937); share dealer (New Farm, 1943); farmer (Cleveland, 1949-1958); retired (Corinda, 1968-1980)
===''GRIMMETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Urbane Grimmett|Grimmett, Stanley Urbane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L447-3MW] - 1905(NZ)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Newcastle (Hamilton, 1930-1937); 2ZW Sydney (Bankstown, 1938-1939; Strathfield, 1946-1960; Vaucluse, 1961-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 667, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, journalist - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Hamilton, 1930-1937; Strathfield, 1949-1958); Vaucluse, 1963)
===''GRIVELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Grivell|Grivell, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC43-NGM] - 1901(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5BK Yorketown (1930-1933); 5BK Gladstone (1937); 5BK Crystal Brook (1938-1939); 5BK Gawler (1946-1947); 5BK Magill (1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 609, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (5CK Crystal Brook, 1939-1941); telephone mechanic (Gawler, 1943)

===''GROGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold William Grogan|Grogan, Arnold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSS-87B] - 1915(WA)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6EI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1936-1939; City, 1947); 6EI Carnarvon (1948); 6EI Perth (Leederville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1759, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Maylands, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1943); public servant (Cottesloe, WA, 1949); civil servant (Leederville, WA, 1954-1980)

===''GRONOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rees Gronow|Gronow, William Rees]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVM-KFV] - 1908(Vic)-2003(Vic) - 3EQ Receive Melbourne (City, 1922-1924), 3WG Melbourne (City, 1925-1933; Glen Iris, 1937; Malvern East, 1937; Glen Iris, 1938-1939, 1948-1960; Brighton, 1965-1980), amateur operator (AOCP 178, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, director (Malvern, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1968-1977))

===''GROVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Grove|Grove, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KB-97B] - 1897(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: N746 Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922); 2HZ Receive Sydney (Enmore, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 575, 1920 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Castle Hill, 1930); poultry farmer (Peakhurst, 1933-1949); retired (Burwood, 1963-1972)
===''GROWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Norman Wills Growden|Growden, George Norman Wills &quot;Norman&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9C6-15M] - 1913(Vic)-1984(SA) - Licences: 5YM Gladstone (1937-1939); 5YM Wedge Island via Port Lincoln (1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1945, 1937, SA; BOCP 145, 1938; 2COCP 401, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Gladstone, SA, 1939-1943); wireless operator (RAAF Station, Pearce, WA, 1943)

===''GRUBB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Grubb|Grubb, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6WK-K6N] - 1907(Qld)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 4DI Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1931); concrete labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1963); retired (Finch Hatton, 1968)
===''GRUMMITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Frederick Grummitt|Grummitt, Gilbert Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-FFD] - 1906(Qld)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4BS Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1929-1933; Hamilton, 1937-1939; Bulimba, 1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 531, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: welder (Fortitude Valley, 1928-1934; Hamilton, 1936-1937); boilermaker (Bulimba, 1949-1958)
===''GRUNDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hill Grundy|Grundy, Robert Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZP7-F78] - 1915(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5BG Murray Bridge (1937-1939, 1947-1948); 5BG Crystal Brook (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2010, 1937, SA; BOCP 175, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''GUILDFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Guildford|Guildford, Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-5BG] - 19??(Eng)-1960(Qld) - Licences: 4AP Brisbane (Herston, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Sandgate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1342, 1934, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, publicity officer) - Electoral Rolls: advertisment writer (West End, Qld, 1934); copy writer (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1936-1949)

===''GUNDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thor Odin Gundersen|Gundersen (BDM) or Gunderson (Census), Thor Odin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHL8-F2W] - 1895(NZ)-1986(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 242, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Bondi, 1930-1931); radio officer (ss Fiona, 1943)
===''GUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Campbell Gunn|Gunn, Kenneth Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-X18] - 1911(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LG Laidley (1932-1937); 4LD Laidley (1937-1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 884, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ) - Callsigns: 4LG likely withdrawn for 4LG Longreach - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Laidley, Qld, 1937-1972)

===''GUNTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Eliot Gunter|Gunter, Norman Eliot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2WR-5VB] - 1912(Vic)-1943(At Sea) - Licences: 3NG Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 593, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 372, 1932; 1COCP 51, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (merchant navy, wireless operator) - Electoral Rolls: sales (Caulfield, 1935; Hawthorn, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1428541]
===''GURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Carlisle Gurner|Gurner, Reginald Carlisle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8S8] - 1905(SA)-1975(SA) - 5CZ Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923); 5RG Adelaide (New Parkside, 1923-1928; Linden Park Gardens, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 31, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Linden Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)

===''GURR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Frederick Gurr|Gurr, Alan Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GM-KJV] - 1904(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AG Geelong East (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Geelong, 1926-1928; Belmont, 1931-1972)
* [[/George Henry Gurr|Gurr, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L46K-DBB] - 1896(SA)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 5GO Adelaide (Parafield, 1933); 3QH Melbourne (Stanmore, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1142, 1933, SA; 3COCP 185, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Parkville, Vic, 1926); ground engineer (Essendon, Vic, 1928); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942; Essendon, Vic, 1949-1954)

===''GUTTERIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frank Gutteridge|Gutteridge, Reginald Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNYP-KSN] - 1886(Tas)-1942(WA) - Licences: V759 Receive (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm manager (Marnoo, Vic, 1921); electrical engineer (Rupanyup, 1924-1927)

=='''H'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''HADLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lionel Trimble Hadley|Hadley, Arthur Lionel Trimble &quot;Doc&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7ZX-G9Y] - 1900(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4AH Brisbane (Clifton Hill, 1930-1933; Dutton Park, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 636, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: signwriter (Taringa, 1921); salesman (Toowong, 1922-1925); motor assembler (Yeronga, 1929); radio mechanic (South Brisbane, 1937); technician (Annerley, 1949-1958); retired (Inala, 1958; Seven Hills, 1963)
===''HADLOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Martin Lindsay Hadlow|Hadlow, Martin Lindsay]] - radio clubs (NZDXRL, ARDXC, DXA), early wireless and broadcasting historian (Ph.D. Thesis,)

===''HAGARTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neville Douglas Hagarty|Hagarty, Neville Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G38J-GBJ] - 1907(Qld)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster (on 4WH); radio club participant; business proprietor; pilot; federal public servant (DCA) - Relationships: brother of 4WH William Edward Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: woodworker (Hospital Hill, 1930)
* [[/William Edward Hagarty|Hagarty, William Edward &quot;Edward / Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G384-TL3] - 1905(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4WH Longreach (1925-1939); 4WH Townsville (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 172, 1925, No. 16 in Qld; 2COCP 271, 1939; 1COCP 309, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; engineer; postal employee (PMG); federal public servant (PMG) - Relationships: brother of Neville Douglas Hagarty - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Longreach, 1930-1937); aeradio operator (Longreach, 1943); officer commanding aeradio station (Townsville, 1949-1954); communications officer (Townsville, 1958-1963; Mysterton, 1968)

===''HAI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pham Nhu Hai|Hai, Pham Nhu &quot;Hai&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC), Director Broadcasting ITU-R
===''HAIGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bartin Robert Alfred Read Haigh|Haigh, Bartin Robert Alfred Read]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-J8B] - 1854(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: N752 Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922); 2IA Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Ashfield, 1930); poultry farmer (Seven Hills, 1933)
===''HAINES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Lewis Harrison Haines|Haines, Claude Lewis Harrison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-8F6] - 1906(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5CH Millicent (1933-1937); 3QM Geelong (Belmont, 1938-1939); 5CH Mt Gambier (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1118, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Belmont, Vic, 1937); engine driver (Mt Gambier, SA, 1941-1943)

===''HALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl William Millar Hale|Hale, Carl William Millar &quot;William&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VR-TPL] - 1901(Vic)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 3GH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922-1923); 3GH Anglesea (1924-1931+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 120, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Elsternwick, 1924); architect (Hawthorn, 1958-1968; Malvern, 1977-1980)
===''HALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lovett Hall|Hall, Geoffrey Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDB-ZD3] - 1895(Tas)-1972(Tas) - Licences: Receive Waddamanna (1923-1924); 7GH Waddamanna (1925-1931+); 7GH Hobart (1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 137, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 85, 1937 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Waddamana, 1928); engineer (New Town, 1936-1949)
* [[/Graham George Hall|Hall, Graham George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HN-Z89] - 1910(Vic)-1971(Eng) - Licences: 3WO Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931; Hawthorn, 1933); 2AGH Sydney (Five Dock, 1937; Strathfield, 1938-1939; Hurstville, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 482, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Auburn, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Abbotsford, 1937); engineer (Hurstville, 1949-1954; South Hurstville, 1958-1968)
* [[/Reginald Allen Hall|Hall, Reginald Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 539, 1929, No. ?? in ???? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/R. F. Hall|Hall, R. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3FH Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3FH Melbourne (Toorak, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Charles Hall|Hall, William Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2BH Abermain (1930-1933); 2XT Abermain (1934-1936); 2XT Kurri Kurri (1938-1939, 1946-1948); 2XT Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1950-1965; Toronto, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 643, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Abermain, 1935; Kurri Kurri, 1937-1943); hotel licensee (Newcastle, 1949-1963); retired (Toronto, 1972; Carey Bay, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2BH licence withdrawn for 2BH Broken Hill commercial; Beware several contemporaneous WCH in Newcastle region
===''HALLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Philpot Hallam|Hallam, William Philpot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97MX-Y3J] - 1859(Tas)-1952(Vic) - Licences: XZH Hobart (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; PMGD Vic + Federal - Electoral Rolls: Nil
===''HALLIDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Fred Halliday|Halliday, Eric Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC26-L5B] - 1913(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: 5FW Adelaide (Hectorville, 1935-1939; South Payneham, 1947-1969; Magill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1494, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Crystal Brook, 1939)

===''HALYDAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Guyler Halyday|Halyday, James Guyler]] - 1904(Vic)-19??(???) - 4HZ Gympie (1939, 1946-1980+) , amateur operator (AOCP 2287, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ; Gympie ARC), military (WW2), employment (SEAQ linesman)

===''HAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilton Ham|Ham, George Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-P28] - 1905(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Receive Brisbane (Northgate, 1923); 4GW Brisbane (Northgate, 1930-1931; Coorparoo, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 572, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; television experimenter (4CM); radio clubs (Toombul RC); employment (Chandlers) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, 1937; St Lucia, 1943-1968); retired (Jamboree Heights, 1972-1980)
* [[/Guildford Ham|Ham, Guildford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67H-W9Y] - 1906(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 101, 1937 - radio technician - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (South Brisbane, 1928-1937); radio technician (South Brisbane, 1943; Bald Hills, 1943; Annerley, 1954); technician (Wavell Heights, 1958-1963)
* [[/Thomas Edward Ham|Ham, Thomas Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88F-R3P] - 1921(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4WX Brisbane (Chelmer, 1937-1939); 2AGA Sydney (Kogarah, 1946-1947; Carlton, 1948-1950; Sylvannia Heights, 1954-1975); 4AGT Buderim (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2056, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Sylvannia, 1954-1968); mechanic (Sylvannia, NSW, 1972-1977); retired (Buderim, 1980)
===''HAMILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Ormsby Hamilton|Hamilton, John William Ormsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MG65-XRC] - 1869(Tas)-1944(Eng) - Australian representative of Pacific Radio Telegraph Co and Marconi Telegraph Co, promoted a scheme to link Aus/NZ/Pacific Islands (rejected by Aus Gov 1909), migrated to England to work for Marconi, donated Ormsby Hamilton Radio Prize in memory of his father Thomas Ormsby Hamilton
===''HAMMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Harold Hammond|Hammond, John Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6HP-67H] - 1875(NSW)-1932(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls: barrister-at-law (Ashfield, 1913); barrister (Killara, 1930-1932)
* [[/Herbert Bowes Hammond|Hammond, Herbert Bowes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-2PK] - 1907(NSW)-1967(NSW) - 2NI Sydney (Chatswood, 1925; Epping, 1926-1927; Chatswood, 1928; Naremburn, 1929-1930), amateur operator (AOCP 64, 1925 01, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 895, 1925 12; 2COCP 318, 1931), amateur broadcaster

===''HANCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. A. Hancock|Hancock, C. A. or G. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: V748 Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922); 3GU Receive Melbourne (Berwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/D'Arcy Maxwell Hancock|Hancock, D'Arcy Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCG4-L3Y] - 1910(SA)-2017(SA)107yo - Licences: 5RJ Kadina (1927-1939, 1946-1960); 5RJ Adelaide (Mitchell Park, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 356, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kadina, 1947)

===''HANNAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hannam|Hannam, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G83F-J78] - 1913(NSW)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 2IR Sydney (Hurstville South, 1935-1937); 2IR Orange (1938-1939); Sydney (South Hurstville, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1472, 1935, Qld; BOCP 9, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hurstville, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Orange, 1943; Hurstville, 1949); engineer (Cheltenham, 1949-1954; Moorabbin, 1963)
* [[/Walter Henry Hannam|Hannam, Walter Henry &quot;Wally&quot; &quot;Wal&quot;, &quot;Doc&quot;, &quot;Fatty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/273W-H9T] - 1885(NSW)-1965(NSW) - XQI Stamford, Qld (1911-1914); 2YH Sydney (Balmain, 1924; Mosman, 1924-1933; Willoughby, 1934-1939); 2AXH Terrigal (1954-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 27, 1924, No. 10 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; radio clubs (WIA NSW, first secretary 1910); wireless operator Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1912-1914) - Relationships: don't confuse with father William Henry Hannam of Hannams Ltd, engineers &amp; sheet metal workers - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Walter Henry Hannam|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/biography/hannam_walter.php Bio1]; [https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/people/walter-hannam/ Bio2]
===''HANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold William Hansen|Hansen, Harold William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93DG-45T] - 1914(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4FH Brisbane (Forest Hill, 1935-1939); 4SV Brisbane (Bulimba, 1948-1965; Carina, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1508, 1935, Qld; BOCP 1039, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, 1937, radio technician); state public servant (BCC, communications officer) - Relationships: father of Graham Hansen 4FV - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Forest Hill, Qld, 1936-1937); WT Operator (Wendouree, Vic, 1942); RAAF (Maryborough, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Carina, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''HARDGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Hardgrave|Hardgrave, Philip &quot;Pop&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMPF-XL5] - 1857(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4PH Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1150, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: oldest person in British Empire to obtain a full licence - Electoral Rolls: fruitgrower (Wellington Point, 1916-1928)
===''HARDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Netherton Kilgour Hardie|Hardie, Bruce Netherton Kilgour]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ95-FMJ] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - 3YX Melbourne (Garden Vale, 1925-1933; City, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 49, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, WIA Vic, accountant
===''HARDISTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Hardisty|Hardisty, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-C4W] - 1907(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DH Perth (Victoria Park, 1926-1939; West Perth, 1946-1948; Applecross, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 273, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Victoria Park, 1931-1943); radio mechanic (Applecross, 1954-1980)
===''HARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. R. Hardy|Hardy, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2RD Sydney (Glebe, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 187, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''HARKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dennis James Harkin|Harkin, Denis or Dennis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G45Q-9PH] - 1903(SA)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3YN Receive Melbourne (Prahran, 1923); 3KF Melbourne (Kensington, 1924-1925); 3YN Melbourne (Preston, 1924-1926); 4YN Bowen (1927); 3YN Melbourne (East Brunswick, 1931); 3YY Newport (1938); 6YN Pearce (1938); 3ADJ Melbourne (Prahran, 1946-1948; Middle Park, 1954-1956; Thornbury, 1960-1975); 4ADJ Maryborough (1980) - Qualifications: CPRT 782, 1923; 1COCP 280, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club participant (WIAQ); career military (RAAF); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Preston, Vic, 1926; Brunswick, Vic, 1931; Newport, 1937); RAAF (Clifton Hill, 1942); technician (Prahran, 1949; Albert Park, 1954); radio technician (Thornbury, 1963-1972); nil (Maryborough, 1977-1980)

===''HARLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Harlen|Harlen, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8MP-TWB] - 1884(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Sunnybank, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1908); fruit grower (Sunnybank, Qld, 1912-1949)

===''HARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Nicoll Harley|Harley, Gordon Nicoll]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-41H] - 1901(NSW)-1986(Qld) - Licences: &quot;4AR Unlicensed&quot; Ipswich (1926-1928); 4GH Ipswich (1928-1933); 4GH Didcott (1937-1939); 4GH Maryborough (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 385, 1928, No. 43 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (radio manufacture); employment (school teacher); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Brassall, 1925); school teacher (Didcot, 1936-1943); teacher (Maryborough, 1949); school teacher (Maryborough, 1954-1980)

===''HARMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Harmer|Harmer, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRTY-KHZ] - 1900(Eng)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4XW Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Camp Hill, 1954-1956; Coorparoo, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1301, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIAQ); telephone technician (PMGD); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1954); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1958-1980)

===''HARRANTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wolf Harranth|Harranth, Wolf]] - 1941(Austria)-2021(Austria) - Licences: OE1WHC Austria - curator of Dokufunk, host of the world's largest collection of amateur radio and broadcast QSLs; amateur radio operator; broadcast announcer; historian (amateur radio, broadcasting); children's book author; translator - provided the core of the WIA QSL collection
===''HARRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Harris|Harris, Alfred Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY1-F4K] - 1900(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3CH Birchip (1926-1939; 1946-1960+) - Qualifications: AOCP 303, 1926, No. ?? in Vic -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, class B licence? - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ouyen, 1924); electrical engineer (Birchip, 1925-1954; Power Station, Ouyen, 1963)
* [[/Ross Clifford Harris|Harris, Ross Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y2-DZF] - 1917(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5FL Adelaide (Glenelg, 1936-1939; Malvern, 1947-1948; Hawthorn, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1651, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Valentine Harms Harris|Harris, Valentine Harms]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1PM-FDM] - 1909(WA)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6NL Perth (Shenton Park, 1935-1939; Applecross,  1947-1969); 6NL Denmark (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1579, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 6YL Ruth Victoria Harris nee Longley - Electoral Rolls: garage employee (Subiaco, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); mechanic (Applecross, WA, 1949-1972)
===''HARRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Lionel Carr Harrison|Harrison, Percival Lionel Carr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-VDC] - 1912(WA)-2001(WA) - Licences: 6LH Perth (Claremont, 1937-1939; Armadale, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1909, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (Claremont, WA, 1936-1937); civil servant (Armadale, WA, 1943-1980)

===''HARRISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred George Harriss|Harriss, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8HN-THZ] - 1873(Eng)-1932(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Longreach Radio Club), business proprietor (Jackson &amp; Harriss) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Longreach, 1930) - Relationships: father of Dorothy Winnifred Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss
* [[/Dorothy Winnifred Harriss|Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KGYC-3CP] - 1905(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4DH Longreach (1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 573, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); first YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: typist (Longreach, 1930); home duties (Longreach, 1936-1943; Warwick, 1949; Toowoomba, 1954-1977; Macgregor, 1980) - Relationships: daughter of Alfred George Harriss
===''HARRISSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Harrisson|Harrisson, Charles &quot;Snowy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-VK3] - 1908(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1933); 3CN Shepparton (1937-1939); 7CH Hobart (Moonah, 1954-1960); 7CH Burnie (1965); 7CH Hobart (Bellerive, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 348, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of Charles Turnbull Harrisson, biologist in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Shepparton, 1936-1949); bank manager (Moonah, 1954)

===''HARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie William Harston|Harston, Leslie William or William Leslie &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQD-XVY] - 1897(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1932-1939, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 903, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (art shop) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Clayfield, Qld, 1921-1943); no occupation (Holland Park, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''HART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Augustus Samuel Hart|Hart, Augustus Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CMQ-4CP] - 1890(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 57, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Watchem, Vic, 1912; Glen Thompson, 1913); wireless engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1936-1937); wireless operator (Esperance, 1943); telegraphist (Darwin, 1949); wireless officer (Moonee Ponds, 1963-1968; Essendon, 1972)
* [[/James Claude Hoyte John Hart|Hart, James Claude Hoyte John &quot;Hoyte John&quot;, &quot;Roy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQWC-W4C] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2HO Sydney (Manly, 1928-1931; Roseville, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; St Ives East, 1957-1975; Manly, 1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 410, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 4622, 1963 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Roseville, 1933-1954; St Ives, 1958-1963); retired (St Ives, 1968-1977; Manly, 1980)
* [[/Norman Victor Hart|Hart, Norman Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNK3-TXW] - 1908(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4KO Booval (1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 760, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club member (WIA, Ipswich RC); engineer - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Booval, 1932-1937); grocer (Booval, 1943-1949); radio technician (Booval, 1954-1972; East Ipswich, 1977-1980)

===''HARVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/B. C. L. Harvey|Harvey, B. C. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAC Melbourne (Port Melbourne, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edward Rossiter Harvey|Harvey, Edward Rossiter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBP-BK8] - 1918(WA)-2009(Qld) - Licences: 6RG Perth (Scarborough, 1937-1939, 1947-1948); 4RK Surfers Paradise (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2041, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Leederville, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1943); newsagent (Scarborough, WA, 1949-1958); shopkeeper (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1963); proprietor (Surfers Paradise, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Mermaid Waters, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Manning Herbert Harvey|Harvey, Manning Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZGG-LFZ] - 1887(Tas)-1932(Tas) - Licences: XZC Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1914-1928)

===''HASKARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Geoffrey Haskard|Haskard, Reginald Geoffrey &quot;Geoff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-S35] - 1906(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Jamestown, 1923-1924); 5RH Adelaide (Jamestown, 1927-1931; North Adelaide, 1933; Malvern, 1937-1939; Helmsdale, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1975; West Beach, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 316, 1927, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1558, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: retreader (Malvern, 1939-1941); wireless operator (Malvern, 1943)

===''HATFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Westrop Henry Hatfield|Hatfield, Westrop Henry &quot;West&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB5-VF5] - 1909(Vic)-1998(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD)
===''HATTAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Hattam|Hattam, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZV-QDL] - 1906(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3HW Castlemaine (1929-1939); 3BAL Castlemaine (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 541, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 410, 1941 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Castlemaine, 1928-1937); radio mechanic (Castlemaine, 1954-1967); engineer (Castlemaine, 1968-1972)

===''HAWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Haworth|Haworth, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G823-JT3] - 1896(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences Q737 Receive Qld (1922-1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ironside Estate, 1917); mechanic (Taringa, 1921-1928); lineman (North Tmborine, 1931); electrical mechanic (Eagle Heights, 1936; Toowong, 1937); telephone mechanic (Bundaberg, 1943-1949); technician (Toowong, 1954-1972); retired (Caloundra, 1977-1980)
===''HAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edgar Cecil Hawson|Hawson, Thomas Edgar Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-ZV9] - 1916(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CH Ipswich (Woodend, 1937-1939; East Ipswich, 1947-1948); 4CH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1969; Salisbury, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2016, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: agent (Ipswich, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (East Ipswich, Qld, 1949); storekeeper (Windsor, Qld, 1954; Yeronga, Qld, 1958; Salisbury, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''HAYMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Inglis Hayman|Hayman, William George Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-CX1] - 1897(Eng)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6BG Perth (Claremont, 1925); 6GH Perth (Claremont, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; scientist; educator - Electoral Rolls: lecturer (Claremont, 1922-1929); engineer (Claremont, 1931-1954); civil servant (Claremont, 1958-1968) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hayman-william-george-12971 ADB]
===''HAYNES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Lot Henry Haynes|Haynes, Bruce Lot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC44-8M4] - 1898(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2YA Armidale (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Armidale, 1930-1936); poultry farmer (West Pennant Hills, 1943-1958)
* [[/Thomas Ambrose John Haynes|Haynes, Thomas Ambrose John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSC5-WXM] - 1902(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5AY Adelaide (Black Forest Estate, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 835, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Black Forest, 1939-1943)

===''HAZLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett|Hazlett, Royce Stanley Arnold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXX4-F38] - 1932(Qld)-2015(Qld) - Licences: 4ZRH Brisbane (Wellers Hill, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: AOLCP 1159, 1961, Qld - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4EO Stanley Albert Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1963); electrical contractor (Wellers Hill, Qld, 1968-1972); contractor (Tarragindi, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Stanley Albert Hazlett|Hazlett, Stanley Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC33-RH7] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4EO Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 4ZRH Royce Stanley Arnold Hazlett - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Coorparoo, Qld, 1925-1928); buyer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937-1968)

===''HEARPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Hearps, David Edward]] - See David Edward Vaughan (assumed change of name)

===''HEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Harry Heath|Heath, Allan Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5Y4-4DT] - 1914(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5ZX Adelaide (Prospect Park, 1934-1939; Highgate, 1947-1956; Brighton, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1369, 1934, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''HEATHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril John Heathers|Heathers, Cyril John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XN-NG9] - 1909(Eng)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2GZ Sydney (Bankstown, 1930-1934); 2UA Sydney (Bankstown, 1935-1939; Artarmon, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 615, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Bankstown, 1930-1943); telephone engineer (Artarmon, 1949-1968); engineer (Artarmon, 1977-1980) - Comment: 2GZ callsign likely withdrawn by PMGD for 2GZ Orange commercial

===''HEILBRONN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Heilbronn|Heilbronn, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJHL-PW3] - 1894(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4GG Chinchilla (1929-1939); 4GG Yarraman (1946-1955); 4GG Crows Nest (1956); 4GG Millmerran (1960); 4GG Brisbane (Wynnum, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 565, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Qld Listeners' League) - Electoral Rolls: locomotive fireman (Chinchilla, 1925-1937); locomotive driver (Yarraman, 1954); engine driver (Millmerran, 1943-1958); retired (Wynnum, 1963-1968) 
===''HEINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Frederick Heine|Heine, John Frederick &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VS-V1F] - 1908(Tas)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 7JK Hobart (City, 1927; Bellerive, 1931); 4JX Brisbane (City, 1933; Ascot, 1935; Kangaroo Point, 1937; Mowbray Park, 1938-1939); 3JF Melbourne (Beaumaris) (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 355, 1927, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, 1934; Norman Park, 1937); engineer (Brighton, 1949); representative (Beaumaris, 1954-1980)
===''HEINRICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Latimer Heinrich|Heinrich, William Latimer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG5-S7Y] - 1917(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5HR Bute (1934-1939); 5HR Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1376, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmhand (Bute, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HEITSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry John Keith Heitsch|Heitsch, Henry John Keith or Heinrich Johann]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CV-QYP] - 1907(Vic)-1996(Qld) - Licences: 3HK Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1939, 1947-1975); 4AHK Scarness (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 516, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano fitter (Mitcham, 1931-1954); technician (Mitcham, 1963-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1980)

===''HELLAWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Herbert Hellawell|Hellawell, Francis Herbert &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK5G-478] - 1885(Qld)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - early wireless experimenter; amateur radio clubs (member, WIQ); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, 1913-1914; Coorparoo, 1919; East Annerley, 1925; Annerley, 1929-1934); clerk (Brisbane City, 1937); no occupation (Beachmere, 1943-1949; Annerley, 1954-1958)
===''HELLYER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leicester Henry Hellyer|Hellyer, Leicester Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KFNW-BTC] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LS Sydney (Rockdale, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 600, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Rockdale, 1930-1933; Manly, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936-1937; Willoughby, 1943; Artarmon, 1949-1963; Newport, 1968-1977)

===''HENDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Henderson|Henderson, Frederick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQG-XRX] - 1891(Eng)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 208, 1916 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/S. A. Henderson|Henderson, S. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5JN Adelaide (Walkerville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HENNESSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] - 1896(Qld)-19?? - 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld), fourth YL operator in Qld
===''HENRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Geddes Henry|Henry, Arthur Geddes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4QW-K9Z] - 1907(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK Sydney (Sandringham, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 494, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Sandringham, NSW, 1930-1937); engineer (San Souci, 1949-1963; Northbridge, 1968)
* [[/Clement John Henry|Henry, Clement John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6T-RPC] - 1905(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Uralla (1923); 2CH Uralla (1924-1929); 2UR Uralla (1930-1939); 2UR Blakehurst (1946); 2UR Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1948-1957; Pymble, 1958-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 85, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Withdrawal: 2CH callsign withdrawn in 1930 for 2CH Sydney - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Uralla, 1930-1937); electrical fitter (RAAF Richmond, 1943); technician (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954; Pymble, 1958-1980)
* [[/John Edwin Henry|Henry, John Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL6B-GD6] - 1868(Vic)-1933(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Receive Mt Alford via Boonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: baker (Gundy, NSW, 1913); farmer (Boonah, Qld, 1917-1921); storekeeper (Mt Alford, Qld, 1922-1926); baker (Dayboro, Qld, 1928; Wondai, Qld, 1931)
* [[/Raymond Cherrington Henry|Henry, Raymond Cherrington &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-C1Y] - 1894(SA)-1975(SA) - Licences: 5CY Cook (1935-1939); 5RY Adelaide (Goodwood, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1421, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: Son, also named RCH, passed in WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Goodwood Park, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HENWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Franklin Henwood|Henwood, Ralph Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89X-CF6] - 1912(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6RL Perth (North Perth, 1930-1933; Claremont, 1937); 6RL Northam (1946-1948); 2AXA Sydney (Rose Bay, 1960-1961); 6RL Perth (Claremont, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 720, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 2, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio serviceman (Claremont, 1936); radio operator (6AM) (Northam, 1937); radio technician (Northam, 1943-1949; Claremont, 1954); technician (Bellevue Hill, 1958; Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977)

===''HEPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Dean Hepton|Hepton, William Dean &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRBB-VN5] - 1898(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4WD Brisbane (Milton, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 918, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, instructor 1932-1935) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1921; Milton, Qld, 1925-1963)

===''HERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Kinross Herd|Herd, James Kinross]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-YSQ] - 1901(Vic)-1963(Vic) - 3JK Baccus Marsh (1924-1927), 3JK Wangaratta (1933-1939, 1946-1956), 3JK Mornington (1960), amateur operator (AOCP 36, 1924, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''HERSCHEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Victor Herschel|Herschel, Henry Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4N6-76H] - 1902(Qld)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4UK Cairns (1929-1931); 4UK Toowoomba (1933); 4UK Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 564, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1925; Cairns, 1930; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937)- Comment: Passed too soon

===''HESKETH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hesketh|Hesketh, John]] - 1868(Eng)-1917(Vic) - early wireless experimenter, senior state public servant (Qld electrical engineer), senior federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer), military (Royal Engineers, Eng; Qld Defence Force, lieutenant)

===''HEWITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Hewitt|Hewitt, Archibald John &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DZ-TNY] - 1910(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939); 5XK Kingscote (1946-1948); 5XK Adelaide (Torrensville, 1954; College Park, 1955-1956; Lucindale, 1960; Semaphore, 1965-1969; Ottaway, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 582, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Kingscote, 1939-1941)
* [[/Clarence Richard Hewitt|Hewitt, Clarence Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6D1-718] - 1900(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CR Brisbane (Rosalie, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1919); student (Petrie Tce, Qld, 1921-1926); moulder (Rosalie, Qld, 1928); carpenter (Rosalie, Qld, 1936-1943; Indooroopilly, Qld, 1949); hotel manager (Indooroopilly, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Horace Thomas Hewitt|Hewitt, Horace Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MN6S-JBL] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4PD Brisbane (Moorooka, 1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2377, 1939, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Hodgson, Qld, 1925; Bowen, Qld, 1930); mechanic (Roma, Qld, 1936-1937); turner (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Thomas George Hewitt|Hewitt, Thomas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZ2-PLM] - 1900(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 4TH Cairns (1937-1939); 2LH Lismore (1946-1961); 2ATG Lennox Head (1955-1961) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Cairns, Qld, 1930-1943; Lismore, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''HIAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Charles Hiam|Hiam, Robert Charles &quot;Charles&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VCT-14T] - 1888(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: XLD Melbourne (Balaclava, 1913-1914); 3LW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1931; Caulfield North, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 174, 1915 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: tailor (St Kilda, 1913-1928; Caulfield, 1931-1968); retired (Beaumaris, 1972-1980)

===''HICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Joseph Hicks|Hicks, Henry Joseph &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QG-RRR] - 1913(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 1HH Macquarie Island (1955-1956); 4HG Willis Island (1963); 9HG Lae, New Guinea (1965-1969); 4HG Tolga (1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 2468, 1941, Qld; 1COCP 784, 1944 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: letterpress machinist (Cairns, 1936-1937); printer (Newtown, 1943); radio officer (Broome, 1963); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1972); retired (Tolga, 1977-1980) - Awards: BEM (1958, Officer in Charge, Radio Weather Reporting Station, Willis Islets)

===''HIGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Gordon Conway Higgins|Higgins, John Gordon Conway &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD45-FKK] - 1884(NSW)-1963(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 29, 1914 - wireless telegraphist, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Perth, 1910-1912); radio engineer (Prahran, 1925-1927); manufacturer (St Kilda, Vic, 1934-1937); soldier (Caulfield, 1942); military duties (South Yarra, 1949); retired (Dromana, 1954; Sorrento, 1963)

===''HILDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Edward Hilder|Hilder, Henry Edward]] - 1919(???)-1984(Qld) - 4HH Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1946-1948; Nudgee, 1954-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), military (WW2, AIF Signals), employment (Brisbane Fire Brigade, communications), (Halcyon says AOCP Brisbane 1936 but no record)
===''HILDYARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol David Hildyard|Hildyard, Athol David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNY-TBD] - 1919(Tas)-1998(Tas) - Licences: 7DH Hobart (City, 1936-1939, 1948; Montagu Bay, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1735, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; 1AOCP 50, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: broadcast technician (Hobart South, 1943-1949); radio engineer (Montagu Bay, 1954)
===''HILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Wyatt Hill|Hill, Alfred Wyatt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Y-5VM] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TS Sydney (Killara, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Arthur Stanley Hill|Hill, Arthur Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-FRC] - 1906(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6AH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1985, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Husband of 6MH Mary Lilian Hill nee - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Wiluna, WA, 1931); engineer (Wiluna, WA, 1936-1949); business manager (Wiluna, WA, 1954-1963); retired (West Busselton, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/Frederick John Hill|Hill, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-1J5] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2TY Kurri Kurri (1929-1934) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 500, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: colliery employee (Pelaw Main, 1930; Stanford Merthyr, 1934; Kurri Kurri, 1936-1937); winding driver (Kurri Kurri, 1968)
* [[/Mary Lilian XXXX|Hill nee , Mary Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-JZY] - 1906(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6MH Wiluna (1937-1939, 1947-1965); 6MH Busselton (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1976, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 6AH Arthur Stanley Hill - Electoral Rolls:

===''HILLHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Reid Hillhouse|Hillhouse, James or James Reid]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-YZJ] - 1907(Sct)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4ZO Collinsville (1933-1939, 1947-1975); 4ZO Bowen (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1115, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: coal miner (Collinsville, Qld, 1928-1963); retired (Gladstone, Qld, 1977)

===''HILTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Hilton|Hilton, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPR-P1K] - 1876(???)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XEQ Sydney (St Leonards, 1913-1914); 2BA Receive Sydney (Crows Nest, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Newtown, 1903); postmaster (Stockton, 1930-1932; Kurri Kurri, 1934-1936); retired (Long Jetty, 1943-1949)

===''HINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Hine|Hine, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBY-3SZ] - 1907(NSW)-1994(NSW) - Licences: 2QL Sydney (Campsie, 1935-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Homebush, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1434, 1935, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Campsie, 1930-1931; Temora, 1932-1935); wireless operator (RAAF Richmond, 1936-1937; Concord, 1943); radio officer (Homebush, 1954-1958; Strathfield West, 1968; Homebush, 1977-1980)

===''HIPWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Anson Le Hunt Hipwell|Hipwell, Ronald Anson Le Hunt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HJ-SMM] - 1902(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3KU Swan Hill (1929-1933); 2ACD Broken Hill (1937-1939); 3ACD Melbourne (Dromana, 1955-1956); 5AJ Port Augusta (1960-1965); 3AEI Melbourne (Dromana, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 486, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 140, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda East, 1925); electrical engineer (Swan Hill, 1931); radio engineer (Broken Hill, 1935-1943); radio electrical fitter (Dromana, 1949-1954); retired (Dromana, 1972)

===''HIRSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jacob Alexander Hirsch|Hirsch or Deerson, Jacob or Jakob Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWZX-RZ3] - 1896(Aus)-1979(Aus) - Licences: 2AE Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Oatley, 1930-1937); clerk (Canberra, 1949); no occupation (Pambula Beach, 1954-1972; Merimbula, 1977)
===''HITCHCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leith Fuller Hitchcock|Hitchcock, Leith Fuller]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWC-Y61] - 1897(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4LH Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1931-1948) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bacteriologist (Wooloowin, 1921-1936); research officer (Wooloowin, 1943-1949)

===''HOAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. M. Hoad|Hoad, C. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: None yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 319, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - Individual not yet identified
===''HOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Cecil Hoar|Hoar, John Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MVKW-HND] - 1900(Eng)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6OR Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1939; Mosman Park, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 786, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Barracks, Fremantle, WA, 1925-1931; East Fremantle, WA, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, WA, 1949-1963)

===''HOARE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Hoare|Hoare, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G99K-6N4] - 1895(NSW)-1975(NSW) - 2PH Gosford (1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 82, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, railway signalman
* [[/Pierce Mark Hoare|Hoare, Pierce Mark]] - 1895(NSW)-1988(NSW) - 2SL Lismore (1934-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1227, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (Richmond River Listeners' League)

===''HOBART-DUFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Vere Hobart Duff|Hobart-Duff, William Vere see Duff, William Vere Hobart]]
===''HOBCROFT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hurtle Horace Hobcroft|Hobcroft, Hurtle Horace]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-G5T] - 1899(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5RE Adelaide (West Brunswick, 1928); 5RE Renmark (1931-1939, 1946-1956); 5RE Adelaide (Linden Park, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 420, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Relationships: Father of Rex Kelvin Hobcroft - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Carlton North, 1925-1926; Brunswick West, 1928); horticulturalist (Renmark, 1939-1943)

===''HOBLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Forde Hobler|Hobler, Cecil Forde]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Barcaldine, 1928) - Relationships: cousin of 4DO Harold Learmonth Hobler?
* [[/Harold Learmonth Hobler|Hobler, Harold Learmonth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKZ-8N1] - 1906(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 1217 Rockhampton (1921-1924); 4DO Receive Rockhampton (1923); 4DO Rockhampton (1925-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 110, 1925, No. 12 in Qld; CPRT 1003, 1928 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, JOTA); business proprietor (picture theatre), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1930-1937); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1943); soldier (Bulimba, 1943); theatre proprietor (Rockhampton, 1949); theatre manager (Rockhampton, 1958-1963); property owner (Rockhampton North, 1968-1977) - Relationships: cousin of Cecil Forde Hobler?

===''HODDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Hodder|Hodder, Clarence William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLK-ZRC] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Parkside, 1923); 5LY Adelaide (Parkside, 1934-1939, 1947; Bridgewater, 1948-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1354, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: moulder (Parkside, SA, 1939-1943)

===''HODDINOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Hoddinott|Hoddinott, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9N4Q-3X7] - 1886(Vic)-1972(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Eagle Junction, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockville Estate, Toowoomba, Qld, 1908; Toowoomba, Qld, 1912; Sandgate, Qld, 1919; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1921-1943; West End, 1949); retired (Tamborine Mountain, Qld, 1958-1963; Hendra, Qld, 1968)

===''HODGKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Charles Hodgkinson|Hodgkinson, Francis Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDBM-J4S] - 1906(???)-1977(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: jeweller's assistant (Ulverstone, 1928-1949); watchmaker (Ulverstone, 1954)

===''HODSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Hodson|Hodson, Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-DV2] - 1890(SA)-1917(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 145, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hoe|Hoe, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS4Q-CSG] - 1886(Vic)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer; business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Father of 4FO Fred Hoe - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fortitude Valley, Qld, 1913; Yeronga, Qld, 1916-1919); manager (Yeronga, Qld, 1921-1972)
* [[/Fred Hoe|Hoe, Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G796-MWK] - 1913(Vic)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4FO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1933-1939; Annerley, 1946-1954) -  Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 53, 1931; AOCP 1188, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Edgar V. Hudson); business proprietor (Fred Hoe and Sons) - Relationships: Son of Frederick Hoe - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Yeronga, Qld, 1936-1937); general manager (Annerley, Qld, 1949); business manager (Salisbury, Qld, 1954); manager (Buranda, Qld, 1954-1963; Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968); company director (Holland Park West, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''HOGG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hogg|Hogg, Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBD-TCR] - 1908(Eng)-1987(WA) - Licences: 6SG Harvey (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1382, 1934, WA; BOCP 142, 1938; 2COCP 240, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: milk tester (Harvey, WA, 1930-1937); radio operator (AAMS Wireless Station, Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1949); aircraft engineer (Kewdale, WA, 1954-1968; Belmont, WA, 1972); retired (Coodanup, WA, 1977; Mandurah, WA, 1980)

===''HOLLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Evan Holland|Holland, Albert John Evan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-VBH] - 1896(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 12, 1924, No. 3 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 3JH Frank Henry James Holland - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925; Essendon, 1926); engineer (Essendon, 1928-1931; Camberwell, 1936-1954); nil (Nunawading, 1963)
* [[/Frank Henry James Holland|Holland, Frank Henry James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQW-S1W] - 1899(Eng)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1926, shared with brother) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 596, 1920 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well placed in Trans-Pacific Tests 1923 despite inferior equipment - Relationships: brother of 3JH Albert John Evan Holland - Electoral Rolls: wireless instructor (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1925); boot repairer (Essendon, 1926-1928); labourer (North Essendon, 1931); boot repairer (Olinda, 1934-1943); postal clerk (Sandringham, 1949); clerk (Heidelberg, 1954-1968)
* [[/Ronald Weymouth Holland|Holland, Ronald Weymouth &quot;Ron&quot;]] - 1914(???)-1983(Qld) - 4AQ Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 2392, 1939, No. ?? in Qld)
===''HOLLOWAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hart Holloway|Holloway, William Hart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ5-HRT] - 1876(Eng)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 20, 1914; 1COCP 41, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Brunswick, Vic, 1909; Whitemark, Flinders Island, 1914-1919); wireless operator (Broome, 1918-1922); O.J.C. Radio (Camberwell, 1924-1926); radio officer (Thursday Island, 1928); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Emita, Flinders Island, 1936-1937); farmer (Lady Barron, 1943-1949)

===''HOLST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arnold Owen Holst|Holst, Arnold Owen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-ZPD] - 1898(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: XPH Melbourne (Caulfield, 1913-1914); 3OH Melbourne (Toorak, 1956-1975) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY); electrician - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: sharebroker (Camberwell, 1922-1934; Toorak, 1935-1972)
* [[/Hector James Holst|Holst, Hector James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-X23] - 1903(Vic)-1954(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1954) -  Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1925-1954)
* [[/Otto Holst|Holst, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-2M7] - 1906(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Licences: 3BY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1955-1967) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 79, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (through brother Hector's station 3BY) - took over 3BY callsign after passing of brother Hector James Holst in 1954 - believed several brothers involved in wireless &amp;/or broadcasting - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Caulfield, 1928-1963)
===''HOLT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Molineux Holt|Holt, Bernard Molineux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDQR-MJP] - 1883(NZ)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - president WIA WA; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo WIA WA) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Claremont, 1910-1914; Osborne, 1917-1954)

===''HOMBERG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/S. G. Homberg|Homberg, S. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3RG Melbourne (Malvern, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HONNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Morten Honnor|Honnor, John Morten]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNV-ZM6] - 1900(SA)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 5AE Adelaide (Prospect, 1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 192, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Knoxville, SA, 1939-1941); RAAF (Ballarat, Vic, 1942); instructor (Hampton, 1949; Bentleigh, 1954-1980)

===''HOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Hamilton Hood|Hood, John George Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G772-RK8] - 1904(NSW)-1971(Vic) - 3BP Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922); 3BP Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1933; Toorak, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 182, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (East St Kilda, 1925-1931); draughtsman (Toorak, 1934-1937; Malvern, 1943-1967)

===''HOOKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel George Alfred Hooke|Hooke, Lionel George Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NK-KDV] - 1895(Vic)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 3M? Melbourne - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 529, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator (Aurora, 1914, support Shackleton's expedition), radio clubs (IRE Aust), business (AWA, senior management), honours (knighted, 1937) - Electoral Rolls: wireless (Brighton, Vic, 1921-1927); business manager (Neutral Bay, 1933); manager (Killara, NSW, 1936-1972) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hooke-sir-lionel-george-alfred-10536 ADB]

===''HOOKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Theodore Hooker|Hooker, Walter Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1W-QB5] - 1901(St Kitts)-1949(Tas) - Licences: 7JH Hobart (New Town, 1933-1939); 7JH Waddamanna (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1161, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart North, 1922); electrical engineer (New Town, 1928); electrician (New Town, 1936); engineer (Waddamanna, 1937-1943)

===''HOOPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Wallbank Hooper|Hooper, Allan Wallbank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB8M-VJG] - 1898(SA)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 4KR Willis Island (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 432, 1919; 2COCP 8, 1929; 1COCP 127, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: unemployed (Manly, NSW, 1949); telegraphist (Little Bay, NSW, 1949; Yarra Bay, NSW, 1954-1958)

===''HOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lyndsay Arthur Hope|Hope, Lyndsay Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYX-575] - 1906(Tas)-1997(Tas) - Licences: 7LA Launceston (1925-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 188, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; WW2; gave up experimental callsign for use by his Class B licence, 7LA Launceston - Relationships: brother of 7RS Ronald Springfield Hope - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Launceston, 1928); bank officer (Ulverstone, 1936); accountant (Scottsdale, 1949; Bridport, 1954-1972)
* [[/Ronald Springford Hope|Hope, Ronald Springford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTCW-PDG] - 1909(Tas)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 7RS Launceston (1926-1927); 7RS Hobart (City, 1931; Sandy Bay, 1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 263, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 75, 1932; ROCP N1832, 1976 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (designed &amp; constructed transmission systems for 7HO Hobart &amp; 7UV Ulverstone); later employed by STC England - Relationships: brother of 7LA Lyndsay Arthur Hope - Electoral Rolls: broadcast engineer (Queensborough, Tas, 1936); not specified (Finchley, Eng, 1936-1938); engineer (Thornleigh, NSW, 1949-1954); company director (Beecroft, NSW, 1958-1980)
===''HOPKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Alfred Hopkins|Hopkins, Edward Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM4D-3QJ] - 1902(Tas)-1992(NSW) - Licences: Receive Moonah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 4858, 1964 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Moonah, 1928); engineer (Milson's Point, 1936-1943); electrical engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1949-1954); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1958-1980)

===''HORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin John Horan|Horan, Kevin John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-FTZ] - 1912(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5DQ Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1931; Unley, 1933); 2AJU Broken Hill (1938-1939); 5DQ Adelaide (Flinders Park, 1947-1960; Grange, 1965-1969); 3ZD Melbourne (Glen Waverley, 1975); 5IT Adelaide (Fulham, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 672, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clovelly, NSW, 1943); manager (Glen Waverley, 1972-1977)

===''HORN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Horn|Horn, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS41-9K4] - 1909(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Tara (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2021, 1937, Qld; BOCP 578, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Somerset Dam, Qld, 1936-1937; Baralba, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949); medical practitioner (Toowoomba, Qld, 1954)
* [[/Irvan James Horn|Horn, Irvan James or James Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WF-GB6] - 1905(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6JH Perth (City, 1928, 1937-1939); 3HX Melbourne (South Melbourne, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 427, 1928, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 29, 1935; 1COCP, 127, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Perth, WA, 1936-1937); wireless officer (Subiaco, WA, 1943); electrical contractor (Subiaco, WA, 1949); contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1949); electrical contractor (Albert Park, Vic, 1963); retired (West Perth, WA, 1977; Subiaco, WA, 1980)
===''HORROCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Samuel Blake Horrocks|Horrocks, George Samuel Blake]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF94-19M] - 1911(WA)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 6GS Harvey (1932-1939, 1947-1948); 6GS Wagin (1954-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 919, 1932, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1154, 1950; TVOCP 61, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Harvey, WA, 1936-1949); radio technician (Mt Lawley, WA, 1954); technician (Bentleigh North, Vic, 1963)

===''HOSKEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur John Dryden Hosken|Hosken, Arthur John Dryden]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6KH-BX8] - 1889(Eng)-1966(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 727, 1922 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918), WW1 - Electoral Rolls: seaman (Williamstown, 1914-1919); Amalgamated Wireless (Darwin, 1922)
* [[/Stanley Victor Hosken|Hosken, Stanley Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HWQ-MGG] - 1894(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3MP Receive Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923); 3MP Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1923-1924; Surrey Hills, 1925-1933; Broadmeadows, 1934-1939; St Albans, 1946-1955; Hawthorn, 1956-1965; Mitcham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 6, 1924, No. 2 in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (3AR, 3LO) - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hawthorn, 1919-1924); electrical engineer (Surrey Hills, Vic, 1925-1931); senior mechanic PMGD (3AR station, Broadmeadows, 1936-1937); civil servant (3AR Station, St Albans, 1942-1954); nil (Hawthorn, 1963-1967; Mitcham, 1968)
===''HOSKING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Piere Hosking|Hosking, Aubrey Piere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYV-D7R] - 1891(South Africa)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 376, 1918; 1COCP 117, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; WW2; VIT Townsville (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Townsville, 1919); telegraphist (South Yarra, Vic, 1921-1922); radio telegraphist (Canterbury, Vic, 1924); sales manager (Canterbury, Vic, 1925-1926; Balwyn, Vic, 1928; Lindfield, NSW, 1930-1963)
===''HOSKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stark Hoskins|Hoskins, John Stark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61K-FZ3] - 1891(NZ)-1987(Eng) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 147, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: business manager (Claremont, WA, 1929)

===''HOWARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Earl Stephen Howard|Howard, Earl Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQMV-XQL] - 1895(Tas)-1938(Vic) - Licences: 7ET Hobart (Moonah, 1928-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 470, 1928, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart, 1919-1922; Moonah, 1928-1936)
===''HOWDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Maxwell Howden|Howden, John Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH2L-7LN] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: 3ZCH Melbourne (Burwood, 1956; Box Hill 1960-1975); 3BQX Melbourne (Box Hill, 1980+) -  Qualifications: AOLCP 187, 1956; AOCP V610, 1979 - amateur operator - Relationships: son of 3BQ Walter Francis Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Walter Francis Maxwell Howden|Howden, Walter Francis Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G43K-1TC] - 1899(Vic)-1980(Vic) - Licences: No 19 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1920); V140 Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1921); 3BQ Receive Melbourne (Box Hill, 1922); 3BQ Melbourne (Box Hill, 1923-1927; Canterbury, 1928-1939 &amp; 1946-1975+); 3ABQ Melbourne (portable, &quot;Canterbury&quot;, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 114, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, first to QSO USA; first to QSO England, first on telegraphy, then telephony; journalist (Listener In); Bright Star Crystals 1930s-1950s; QSLs: substantial portion of QSL collection survives at NFSA (1800+) - Relationships: father of 3ZCH/3BQX John Maxwell Howden - Electoral Rolls: student (Box Hill, 1924-1927); wireless engineer (Ringwood, 1928); engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1954) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199611.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199612.pdf EA2]
===''HOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph Howe|Howe, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD83-QNG] - 1886(Irl)-1949(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 117, 1915; 1COCP 15, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Pinkenba, Qld, 1919; Moonah, Tas, 1922; New Town, Tas, 1928-1943)
* [[/Raymond Raine Howe|Howe, Raymond Raine &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHH-KJN] - 1919(Qld)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 4RH Bundaberg (1936-1939); 2ARH Sydney (Vaucluse, 1946-1955; Epping, 1956-1960); 3YH Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1812, 1936, No. ?? in Qld; 3AIR 1009, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); military (RAAF, career, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: Wireless Operator (Richmond, NSW, 1943); RAAF (Vaucluse, NSW, 1949); RAAF officer (Campbell, ACT, 1963); RAAF (Syndal, Vic, 1967); RAAF officer (Dickson, ACT, 1972-1977); retired (Narrawallee, NSW, 1980)

===''HOWLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Montague Howlett|Howlett, Arthur Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPZ-NWZ] - 1882(Eng)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 130, 1915; 2COCP 253, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Esperance, 1916); warrant officer R.A.N.R.S. (Thursday Island, 1919); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1925-1931; Clayfield, Qld, 1936); wireless operator (Clayfield, 1943-1954); retired (Clayfield, Qld, 1958)

===''HUBSHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lassalle Paul Hubsher|Hubscher or Hubsher, Lassalle Paul &quot;Paul&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWF-8DP] - 1913(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4UL Brisbane (Bulimba, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1578, 1935, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang; Evans Deakin engineering - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Valley, Qld, 1936-1937); draftsman (Annerley, 1943-1968)

===''HUDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Hudson|Hudson, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K4BR-1P4] - 1895(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: XBO Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1913-1914); 2PO Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923); 2AR Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1922-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 18, 1924, No. 8 in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1963) - Comment: beware, several contemporaneous WHHs

===''HUEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Meredyth Huey|Huey, Richard Meredyth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WP-Y1Z] - 1913(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2HU Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1931; Cronulla, 1933-1937); 3UE Melbourne (Hawthorn East, 1938-1939); 2AHU Sydney (Sylvania, 1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 437, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Cronulla, 1935-1937); army officer (Melbourne, 1943); engineer (West Pennant Hills, 1949; Pennant Hills, 1954; Edgecliff, 1958-1963; Sylvania, 1977-1980); retired (Mittagong, 1980)

===''HUGGINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Roy Huggins|Huggins, David Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDW3-LXL] - 1892(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZW Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: organ builder (Petersham, 1913); piano maker (Neutral Bay, 1930-1968); builder (Cremorne, 1972)
===''HUGHES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clive Alan Hughes|Hughes, Clive Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MV-3XQ] - 1900(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3CA Ararat (1927); 3CA Melbourne (Williamstown, 1931-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 343, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Williamstown, 1924-1928); schoolmaster (Williamstown, 1936-1963)
* [[/George Herbert Hughes|Hughes, George Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-4JB] - 1909(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4HU Brisbane (Windsor, 1937-1939; Annerley, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1929, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: store keeper (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1937); branch manager (Annerley, Qld, 1943-1958); technician (Tarragindi, Qld, 1963-1980)
===''HUGO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald William Stuart Hugo|Hugo, Ronald William Stuart or Stewart (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMZ-CLZ] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KW Perth (Subiaco, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Floreat Park, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2081, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Subiaco, WA, 1931-1934); salesman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1963); manager (Floreat Park, WA, 1968-1977)

===''HULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Galbraith Hull|Hull, Allan Galbraith &quot;Braith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-PTY] - 1905(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - journalist (Wireless Weekly, editor; Radio and Hobbies, editor 1939; Australasian Radio World, editor 1940-1950) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; 3JU Ross Amos Hull - Electoral Rolls: sales (St Kilda, Vic, 1926-1927); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1931); journalist (Northbridge, NSW, 1934; Bondi, NSW, 1935-1936); engineer (Rose Bay, 1937); manager (Malvern, 1942); journalist (Mornington, 1949); publisher (Sandringham, 1954); printer (Oakleigh, 1958-1963; Chadstone, 1967-1968; Glen Iris, 1972; Mt Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Frederick Atherley Hull|Hull, Frederick Atherley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5M-MT9] - 1906(NZL)-1997(WA) - Licences: 6FH Pingrup (1930-1931); 6FH Port Hedland (1937-1939, 1946-1956); 6FH Perth (Claremont, 1960-1975; Nedlands, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CRPT 1139, 1929; 2COCP 271, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Perth, 1929); radio operator (Port Hedland, 1937-1954); unemployed (Claremont, 1958); technical officer (Claremont, 1963-1972; Nedlands, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 6RH Raymond Alfred Hull
* [[/George Maxwell Hull|Hull, George Maxwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LQ-S44] - 1916(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3ZS Melbourne (Canterbury, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2307, 1939, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Canterbury, 1943); proprietor (Canterbury, 1949-1980)
* [[/Raymond Alfred Hull|Hull, Raymond Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP1-BSL] - 1908(NZ)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6RH Pingrup (1929-1931); 6RH Perth (Wembley, 1937; Mt Hawthorn, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 558, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 590, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Maylands, 1934); traveller (Subiaco, 1949); sales director (Victoria Park, 1958-1963) - Relationships: brother of 6FH Frederick Atherley Hull
* [[/Ross Amos Hull|Hull, Ross Amos]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQD-P5W] - 1902(Vic)-1938(USA) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA Vic Kew, president, 1923); journalist (Wireless Weekly, technical editor; QST, technical editor) - Relationships: brother of William Howard Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198902.pdf EA]
* [[/William Howard Hull|Hull, William Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7WJ-723] - 1891(Tas)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Relationships: brother of 3JU Ross Amos Hull &amp; Allan Galbraith Hull - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Cobungra, 1914-1915); engineer (Armadale, 1921; Brighton, 1922-1931; Caulfield, 1934-1949); retired (Beaconsfield Upper, 1954)

===''HUME''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest James Hume|Hume, Ernest James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYR-TZM] - 1869(Vic)-1929(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; son of James Hill Hume, father of Ernest Jeremy Hume
* [[/Ernest Jeremy Hume|Hume, Ernest Jeremy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-727] - 1906(SA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - chief engineer 5DN - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Unley, 1939-1941; Oakleigh, Vic, 1949-1963; Carnegie, 1968-1977) - Relationships: grandson of James Hill Hume, son of Ernest James Hume and Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy
* [[/Geoffrey Vincent Hume|Hume, Geoffrey Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQCL-NM1] - 1909(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2GV Sydney (Cremorne, 1927-1930); 2AMD Sydney (Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 365, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Neutral Bay, 1930-1936; Mosman, 1937); RAAF (Ballarat, 1942); clerk (Turramurra, 1949); technical assistant (Pymble, 1954-1980)
* [[/James Hill Hume|Hume, James Hill]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-SLD] - 1822(??)-1887(Vic) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - alleged very early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: father of Ernest James Hume; father-in-law of Stella Leonora Harriet Hume nee Jeremy; grandfather of Ernest Jeremy Hume 
* [[/Stella Leonora Harriet Jeremy|Hume nee Jeremy, Stella Leonora Harriet]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYT-33D] - 1882(Vic)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil -  radio announcer (early 5DN) - Electoral Rolls: - Relationships: wife of Ernest James Hume; daughter-in-law of James Hill Hume; mother of Ernest Jeremy Hume
===''HUMPHRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] - See Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood 4JH
* [[/Jack Lawrence Humphry|Humphry, Jack Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7M] - 1889(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JK Poopoonbah via Giru (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1349, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Husband of 4JH Innis Jane Lovett Humphry nee Spotswood - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Hodel, Ayr, Qld, 1912-1937; Poopoonbah, 1949-1954)
===''HUNT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Alexander Hunt|Hunt, Joseph Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM1-9MM] - 1912(WA)-2002(WA) - Licences: 6JA Perth (Maylands, 1938-1939); 6JD Perth (Rockingham, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2112, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, WA, 1936; Maylands, WA, 1937-1949); retired (Rockingham, WA, 1972)

===''HUPPATZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Huppatz|Huppatz, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWTP-DF5] - 1900(Vic)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5GW Cowandilla (1931-1933); 5GW Naracoorte (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 801, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Naracoorte, SA, 1939); engineer (Cowandilla, 1941-1943)

===''HURLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman James Hurll|Hurll, Norman James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXC-BFF] - 1904(NSW)-2003(Qld, 98yo) - Licences: 2BC Sydney (Killara, 1924-1930); 4NJ Tallebudgera Creek (1931-1935); 2HJ Sydney (Killara, 1935-1937; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2IN?/2DKH Sydney (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 96, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, CMF, CINT), business proprietor (Gas Light Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Killara, 1930); merchant (Killara, 1936-1937); soldier (Strathfield, 1943); company manager (Burwood, 1949-1963); Managing Director (Killara, 1968); Director (Killara, 1972-1980)

===''HURRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Bruce Hurry|Hurry, Ronald Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-G1C] - 1911(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 693, 1930, No. ?? in ?? - amateur operator?, amateur broadcaster?, electrical engineer, teacher - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''HUSBAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Errol Husband|Husband, Norman Errol]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6F7-N7B] - 1893(Qld)-1961(NSW) - Licences: XABY Sydney (North Sydney, 1913-1914); 4CV Receive Charters Towers (1923); 4CV Charters Towers (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Charters Towers, 1917-1922; Mackay, 1925-1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1949-1958)

===''HUTCHINGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings|Hutchings, Allan Thomas Edwards]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-2TM] - 1903(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3HL Receive Callawadda (1922-1923); 3HL Callawadda (1924-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: son of 3HM Elizabeth Lilian Hutchings nee Edwards; brother of 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Callawadda, 1927-1972)
* [[/Elizabeth Lilian Edwards| Hutchings nee Edwards, Elizabeth Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7GB-25T] - 1877(Vic)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 3HM Callawadda (1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 509, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1926-1942) - Relationships: mother of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings and 3HQ Marjorie Lilian Williamson nee Hutchings - First woman in Australia to hold an amateur licence under the AOCP regime - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Wimmera Park, 1912-1924; Callawadda, 1925-1942) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Marjorie Lilian Hutchings|Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB52-GSC] - 1912(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3HQ Callawadda (1932-1939; 1946-1948); 3HQ Melbourne (Bentleigh, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1030, 1932, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: daughter of 3HM Elizabeth Lillian Hutchings nee Edwards; sister of 3HL Allan Thomas Edwards Hutchings - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Callawadda, 1934-1937); nurse (Alfred Hospital, Prahran, 1943); home duties (Callawadda, 1949; Bentleigh, 1949-1968) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''HUTCHINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Elwood Hutchinson|Hutchinson, Charles Elwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-S6J] - 1894(Vic)-1942(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 728, 1922; 2COCP 278, 1930; 1COCP 307, 1939 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Esperance, 1919); radio telegraphist (Darwin, NT, 1922); telegraphist (Esperance, 1925-1931); radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1936-1937; Alberton, SA, 1939; Yatala, SA, 1941)
* [[/John Victor Thomas Hutchison|Hutchison, John Victor Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89S-PY2] - 1907(NZ)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2JH Sydney (Kirribilli, 1927-1937; West Ryde, 1938-1939; Croydon, 1946-1955; Bardwell Park, 1956-1965; Castle Cove, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 374, 1927, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1010, 1928 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Milson's Point, 1930-1937); laboratory assistant (Croydon, 1943-1949); radio technician (Bardwell Park, 1958-1968)
===''HUTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Hutson|Hutson, James William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-Z6J] - 1912(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3JH Echuca (1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 635, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Passed too soon
===''HUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Hutton|Hutton, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZT-JXG] - 1912(Sct)-2003(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Abermain (1929-1934) - Qualifications: AOCP 551, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abermain, 1934-1963; Klworth, 1972-1977); retired (Klworth, 1980)

===''HYLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Philip Hyland|Hyland, Leonard Philip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8N6-XLK] - 1903(Tas)-1942(Tas) - Licences: 7LP Hobart (City, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1791, 1936, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 271, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Hobart Central, 1928) - Comment: Passed on Duty; Gone too soon - Links: [https://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/tasmania-fire-service-chief-chris-arnol-urges-everyone-to-reflect-on-the-selflessness-of-firefighters-in-the-pursuit-of-public-safety/news-story/59c6315bbf383ef9bb4e270d60cd9296 Mercury]

=='''I'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''IKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Ikin|Ikin, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LWFZ-C37] - 1887(NSW)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 4SM Townsville (1925-1926); 4SM Brisbane (New Farm, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 201, 1925, No. 18 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (dealer licence); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: mechanical engineer (Gladstone, 1913); engineer &amp; electrician (Barcaldine, 1914); manager (Strand Motors, Townsville, 1925); motor mechanic (Mt Garnet, 1937-1949; Cardwell, 1949); farmer (Mareeba, 1954-1972)

===''INGLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Stanley Inglis|Inglis, Kenneth Stanley]] - 1929(Vic)-2017(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - historian (ABC); &quot;This is the ABC&quot;; &quot;Whose ABC?&quot; - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Ken Inglis|Wikipedia]] [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1031461X.2018.1493961 Obit]

===''IRELAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Keith Ireland|Ireland, Leslie Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRMD-BPV] - 1908(SA)-1942(SA) - Licences: 5KR Mt Gambier (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 950, 1927; AOLCP 60, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633509 VWMA]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1721431 AWM]; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ireland-leslie-keith-47849/ AHM]

===''IRESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melville Charles Gladstone Ireson|Ireson, Melville Charles Gladstone]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMZT-ML6] - 1898(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3ZY Kyneton (1931-1933); 3AIR Kyneton (1947-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 305, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Maldon, 1919); telegraphist (Ballarat, 1925); postal employee (Kyneton, 1931-1954)

===''IRVINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Irvine|Irvine, William]] - 1907(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4IR Brisbane (Mitchelton, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1987, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WIs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''IRVING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Lawson Irving|Irving, Cyril Lawson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXZT-65R] - 1912(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4WL Brisbane (Annerley, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1199, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1980)

===''ISLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Clifford Isles|Isles, James William Clifford &quot;Clifford&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBVH-RV1] - 1894(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4CC Receive Brisbane (Ascot, 1922); 4CC Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (QWI); business proprietor (Isles Love &amp; Co, Allan &amp; Stark); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1915-1937); manager (Hamilton, 1943-1958); director (Hamilton, 1963)
===''ISRAEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Morris Samuel Israel|Israel, Morris Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-CBC] - 1896(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: XMU Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913); 3ZN Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924; Malvern, 1925-1926; Burwood, 1927); 3ZN Geelong, 1931-1933; 3ZN Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1955) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 13, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 35, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcasting executive; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (St Kilda, 1919-1924); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1926-1928); broadcasting engineer (Geelong, 1931); engineer (Geelong North, 1936; Camberwell, 1937-1963);

===''IVES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Albert Ives|Ives, Cecil Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-848] - 1916(SA)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 5AF Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1451, 1935, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: commercial artist (Glenelg, 1939-1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/ives-cecil-albert-300407/]

=='''J'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''JACKSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil Jackson|Jackson, Alfred Cecil &quot;Alf&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDLP-F65] - 1900(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4AJ Brisbane (Fairfield, 1931); 2BO Bangalow (1933) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 620, 1921; 1COCP 67, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4QG, Brisbane Cmcls); state public servant (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Fairfield, Qld, 1928-1931); farmer (Possum Creek, NSW, 1934-1937); mechanic (Fairfield, Qld, 1943-1954); farmer (O'Possum Creek via Bangalow, NSW, 1958-1963)
* [[/Alfred George Jackson|Jackson, Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY5P-2X1] - 1864(Eng)-1935(Qld) - Licences: 4DG Receive Brisbane (Wynnum, Qld, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; radio clubs (WIQ, QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer - Relationships: father of Arthur Appleton Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (South Brisbane, Qld, 1903-1913); electrician (Wynnum, Qld, 1914-1934)
* [[/Arthur Appleton Jackson|Jackson, Arthur Appleton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LY55-M8F] - 1891(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI, WIAQ); electrical engineer; business proprietor; Relationships: son of Alfred George Jackson - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Wynnum, Qld, 1913-1914; Morningside, Qld, 1915-1919; Wynnum, Qld, 1919; South Brisbane, Qld, 1921-1968); retired (Hill End, Qld, 1972; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1977; Hopetoun Home, Oxley, Qld, 1980)
* [[/James William Jackson|Jackson, James William &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7FH-JCW] - 1916(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4CN Brisbane (Cribb Island, 1938-1939; 1946-1969; Lawnton, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2096, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); military (WW2,Northern Command Signals); farmer/electrician/radio &amp; TV serviceman - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Cribb Island, Qld, 1937-1968); rubber worker (Lawnton, Qld 1972-1980)
* [[/Thomas William Jackson|Jackson, Thomas William]] - 1830(Eng)-1918(Vic) - Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria ca 1880, clubs &amp; societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, ca 1880)

===''JAMES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Russell James|James, Brian Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLV-GXV] - 1920(SA)-1944(Europe) - Licences: 5BL Adelaide (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2293, 1939, SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 76 Squadron RAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://highgate-rsl.org.au/afcraaf-roll/james-brian-russell-417490/]
* [[/Hector Keith James|James, Hector Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-WVL] - 1905(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2XA Receive Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923); 2XA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Ashfield, 1934; Double Bay, 1935-1936; Coogee, 1937-1938; Woollahra, 1939; Summer Hill, 1948-1961) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 183, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Summer Hill, 1930-1933), engineer (Edgecliff, 1936; Ashfield, 1949; Summer Hill, 1943-1963)
* [[/Herbert Ronald James|James, Herbert Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRD-1SM] - 1904(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Birchip (1931-1933); 3LH Drouin (1938-1939); 7LH Western Junction (1947); 7LH Launceston (1948); 3AJJ Melbourne (Deepdene, 1954); 3AJJ Lubeck (1955-1956); 3AJJ Braeside (1960); 3AJJ Rupanyup (1965-1969); 3AJJ Nowa Nowa (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 813, 1931, Vic; BOCP 17, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Merbein, 1925); fitter &amp; turner (Merbein, 1928-1931); radio engineer (Merbein, 1936); technician (Western Junction, Tas, 1949); radio engineer (Deepdene, 1954); technician (Rupanyup, 1963-1968); retired (Nowa Nowa, 1972-1980)
* [[/R. James|James, R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZE via Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Thomas Reynolds James|James, Thomas Reynolds]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, worked on original Melbourne-Williamstown telegraph line 1854, later in charge of Melbourne Telegraph Office, but transferred to inspectorial work in 1879 due to disorganisation, reinstated in 1880)
===''JAMIESON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Jamieson|Jamieson, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4SY-YNQ] - 1896(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: XJW Melbourne (St Kilda, 1913-1914); 3CJ Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1926); 3XX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 130, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1921-1925); mechanic (Malvern, 1926-1968)
* [[/John Edward Jamieson|Jamieson, John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-M43] - 1910(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6LA Perth (Beaconsfield, 1930-1933); 6LA Kalgoorlie (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 673, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1936-1937); salesman (Kalgoorlie, 1943); radio engineer (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954)

===''JANSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Harold Jansen|Jansen, Claud or Claude Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDGS-9TN] - 1890(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: V751 Receive Yarrawonga (1922); 3GW Receive Yarrawonga (1922)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: printer (Yarrawonga, 1913-1922); linotype engineer (Yarrawonga, 1924-1931); printer (Shepparton, 1934-1937); linotype operator (Albury, 1937-1949); engineer (Albury, 1954-1968)

===''JARDINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Ronald Jardine|Jardine, William Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZC-T63] - 1911(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3PR Melbourne (Essendon, 1929-1933); 3PR Leongatha (1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 533, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 108, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Craigieburn, 1934); dairy farmer (Leongatha, 1937-1954); salesman (Leongatha, 1963-1980)
===''JARMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Arthur Jarman|Jarman, Oswald Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G612-K6Y] - 1894(SA)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 162, 1915; 1COCP 37, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1921-1922); telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925; Surrey Hills, Vic, 1928); supervisor (Bentley, Vic, 1931-1954)
===''JARVIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jack Edwin Jarvis|Jarvis, Vincent Jack Edwin &quot;Victor&quot;, &quot;Vic&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2K-6FP] - 1912(WA)-1941(Libya) - licences: 2VJ Orange (1930-1933), 2VJ Dubbo (1934), 2VJ Wellington (1935-1936), 2VJ Bathurst (1937), 2VJ Griffith (1938-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 695, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 46, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (2VJ Wellington), broadcast engineer (2BS, 2RG), WW2 (RAAF, Rathmines Flying Boats Base, Palestine, Egypt, Libya) - electoral rolls: radio mechanic (Wellington, 1936), radio engineer (Bathurst, 1937), wireless operator (Rathmines, 1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/633817]

===''JEFFRYES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Harry Jeffryes|Jeffryes, Sydney Harry]] - 1884(Qld)-19??(???) - X?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), ship's wireless operator, member of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-1914
===''JEFFS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Jeffs|Jeffs, Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4T-4M8] - 1912?(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4VJ Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1933; City, 1934-1939, 1946; Gordon Park, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 753, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio cub (WIAQ, life member, lecturer, code instructor, field days, JOTA, conventions, operator 4WI); business proprietor (Jeffs Radio) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1934; New Farm, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1937); radio manufacturer (New Farm, Qld, 1943); salesman (Taringa, Qld, 1949); businessman (Gordon Park, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''JENNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Jenner|Jenner, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2Y9-64Z] - 1877(Eng)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 7BM Receive Premaydena (1923); Receive Premaydena (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 2ABM John Ingoldsby Jenner - Electoral Rolls: law clerk (Lindisfarne, 1914); orchardist (Koonya, 1919-1928); Xray technician (Double Bay, NSW, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935)
* [[/John Ingoldsby Jenner|Jenner, John Ingoldsby]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKY4-7S2] - 1904(Eng)-1980(???) - Licences: 2ABM Sydney (Maroubra, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1194, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 7BM John Henry Jenner - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Haberfield, 1930; Bondi, 1933-1935); telephone engineer (Maroubra, 1937); engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1954; Revesby, 1968); retired (Turramurra, 1972); engineer (Revesby, 1980)
===''JENNISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Jennison|Jennison, Joseph William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTS7-316] - 1899(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 2JJ Mathoura (1928-1939); 2MX Mathoura (1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 414, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Mathoura, 1930-1949; Echuca, 1954; Deniliquin, 1958); nil (Echuca, 1963) (Licences in the name of his father John William Jennison but most likely son was operator, father passed in 1942)
===''JENSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jens August Jensen|Jensen, Jens August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQM-1MX] - 1865(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Minister for Navy (1915-1917) - Comment: famously dismissed for corruption in respect of purchase of Shaw Wireless Works in 1916 - Electoral Rolls: licensed victualler (Beauty Point, Tas, 1914-1919); orchardist (Beauty Point, Tas, 1919-1922); no occupation (Elsternwick, Vic, 1936) - Links: [[w:Jens_Jensen_(politician)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/jensen-jens-august-6840 ADB]
* [[/Laurence Richard Hopkins Jensen|Jensen, Laurence or Lawrence Richard Hopkins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-MJ1] - 1906(Tas)-1974(Tas) - Licences: 7BL Receive West Devonport (1923); Receive West Devonport (1923-1924); 7LJ Launceston (1925-1939, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 78, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 215, 1939; 1AOCP 9, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (New Town, 1928); teacher (New Town, 1936-1972)

===''JENVEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, Henry Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QJ-7TS] - 1851(Eng)-1932(Vic) - Licences: AA Melbourne 1900; X?? Melbourne - early wireless experimenter, arguably his use of the identifier AA was the first use of an Australian callsign; arguably Australia's first amateur operator as the majority of his experiments were self-funded and in his own time - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - employment (Vic P &amp; T; PMGD) - Relationships: father of 3WW William Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Brighton, 1909); public servant (Caulfield East, 1919-1931)
* [[/William Walter Jenvey|Jenvey, William Walter &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4QV-9GL] - 1904(Vic)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 3AY Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927; Ormond, 1931-1938); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1939); 3AY Melbourne (Ormond, 1947); 2ZO Sydney (Willoughby, 1948-1969); 2ZO Noosa Heads (1980) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 824, 1924; 1COCP 68, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of Henry Walter Jenvey - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1926-1927); operator (Bentleigh, Vic, 1931-1937); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943; Willoughby, NSW, 1949-1968); engineer (Willoughby, NSW, 1972); nil (Nelligen, NSW, 1977; Noosa Heads, Qld, 1980)

===''JERRARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Joseph Jerrard|Jerrard, Frederick Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB43-BKT] - 1899(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4DR Receive Gayndah (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Gayndah, 1921-1930); motor mechanic (Gayndah, 1936-1937); engineer (Indooroopilly, 1943-1963)

===''JESSOP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Patrick Ferman Jessop|Jessop, Patrick Ferman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QN-8HV] - 19??(Eng?)-19??(Qld?) - Licences: 4PJ Kamma (1925-1927); 4PJ Cairns (Hambledon, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified (England?) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1(RFC) - Halcyon: not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Edmonton, 1922-1930); weigh bridge clerk (Hambledon, 1936-1943)
===''JEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Jewell|Jewell, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDYD-YH1] - 1905(WA)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6CA Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1927); 6JJ Kalgoorlie (1930-1931); 6JJ Perth (Victoria Park, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 876, 1925; 1COCP 129, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Victoria Park, WA, 1931-1937); radio inspector (Victoria Park, WA, 1943; Scarborough, WA, 1949); inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1954-1963)

===''JOHNSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Johnson|Johnson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD7-X12] - 1921(Qld)-2004(Qld) - Licences: 4PX Brisbane (Hendra, 1938-1939; Ascot, 1946-1948; Hendra, 1954-1975), 4PX Buddina Beach (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2093, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF, Signals) - Comment: Several contemporaneous AJs - Electoral Rolls: Commonwealth public servant (Hendra, Qld, 1968) + others
* [[/Carl Francis Johnson|Johnson, Carl Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH8T-HSH] - 1899(Tas)-1985(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); 7AR Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 218, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: federal servant (West Hobart, 1922-1954)
* [[/Edward Norman Johnson|Johnson, Edward Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM4W-MLQ] - 1886(Vic)-1960(USA) - Licences: Receive Warrnambool (1923); 3ZO Warrnambool (1923-1924); 3ZO Horsham (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (East Melbourne, 1909); manager (Wonthaggi, 1914); draper (Newtown, 1917); traveller (Geelong, 1919)
* [[/H. B. Johnson|Johnson, H. B.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6HB Perth (Leederville, 1926); 5HB Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 252, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - common surname, individual not yet identified
* [[/Ivo Uric Johnson|Johnson, Ivo Uric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9VV-H8S] - 1903(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4KL Cairns (1933-1960) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 813, 1924; 2COCP 668, 1942; 1COCP 655, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cairns, Qld, 1936-1963) 
* [[/Joseph Murray Johnson|Johnson, Joseph Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5YM-M5N] - 1889(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 113, 1915; 1COCP 200, 1931 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Geraldton, 1915-1917); radio expert (Lane Cove, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1936; Caulfield, 1937); engineer (Longueville, NSW, 1943-1949); manager (Turramurra, 1954-1963); retired (Strathfield, 1963; Port Macquarie, NSW, 1968-1977; Wauchope/Yrrs, 1980)

===''JOHNSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Brint Johnston|Johnston, Norman Brint]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-K7F] - 1913(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6NJ Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1933; Subiaco, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 642, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Subiaco, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Maylands, 1943-1968; Mt Lawley, 1972-1977)
* [[/Robert Walter Johnston|Johnston, Robert Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDS-FHJ] - 1914(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4LQ Brisbane (Petrie Terrace, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1270, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1936-1937); no occupation (Ingleburn, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1963)
* [[/William David Johnston|Johnston, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-3RY] - 1909(Irl)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2YZ Sydney (Ryde, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Gladesville, 1950; Matraville, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 616, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 323, 1931; 1COCP 398, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Ryde, 1930-1943); radio engineer (Gladesville, 1949; Matraville, 1954-1980)

===''JOHNSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Johnstone|Johnstone, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HJ Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JONASSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Peter Jonasson|Jonasson, Roy Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KPW-ZL1] - 1908(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4NG Alberton (1931-1933); 7NG Derwent Park (1937-1939); 3ND Castlemaine (1946-1969); 9NG, PNG; 4NE Brisbane (Kingston, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 827, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, QRP Club, RAAF Wireless Reserve, Qld Listeners' League); employment (Qld State Electricity Commission) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Castlemaine, 1942-1972); retired (Kingston, Qld, 1972-1980)
===''JONES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Ernest Jones|Jones, Alfred Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G61R-CTW] - 1894(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 241, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIO Broome (1917-1918) - Comment: not all electoral roll entries identified, several contemporaneous AEJs; Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Broome, WA, 1917-1922)
* [[/David William Jones|Jones, David William]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DJ Brisbane (Chelmer, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 683, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous DWJs - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Chelmer, 1925-1931); engineer (Holland Park, 1958)? 
* [[/Lancelot Cyril Jones|Jones, Lancelot Cyril &quot;Lance&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8L3-2LS] - 1891(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: XVB Adelaide (Hawthorn, 1913-1914); 5BQ Adelaide (Westbourne Park, 1923-1924); 5DN Adelaide (City, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; co-founder 5DN commercial Adelaide - Electoral Rolls: manager (Broadway Estate, 1939-1943)
* [[/Raymond Edward Jones|Jones, Raymond Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL9R-FLM] - 1900(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3RJ Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1928; Box Hill, 1931-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 407, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Newmarket, 1921); public servant (Ascot Vale, 1922-1924); telegraphist (Box Hill, 1931-1943); supervisor (Box Hill, 1949-1963); retired (Box Hill, 1968-1980)
* [[/Stanley William Jones|Jones, Stanley William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-BPL] - 1917(Vic)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 3SF Ballarat (1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1953, 1937, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Signalman, 6 Division Signals) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1687469] (beware, another Stanley William Jones died in WW2, Flight Sergeant, 626 Squadron)
* [[/Walter Henry Jones|Jones, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NB-Z8F] - 1914(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2PY Sydney (Marrickville, 1930-1933); 2RS Sydney (Marrickville, 1935-1939); 2WP Sydney (Bexley, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 652, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 57, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Bexley North, 1949-1972); telegraphist (Bexley North, 1977-1980); Beware: Another contemporaneous Walter Henry Jones in Sydney b.1915 m.Edith
* [[/W. R. Jones|Jones, W. R.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EK Receive Brisbane (Hendra, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''JORDAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Jordan|Jordan, James &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHL-VNQ] - 1903(Sct)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4JJ Ipswich (1933); 4JJ Bundaberg (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1162, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (4BU); senior military (RAAF, Wing-Commander) - Electoral Rolls: striker (West Ipswich, Qld, 1932); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1934-1937)
* [[/Robert Jordan|Jordan, Robert]] - 1893(NZ)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 4, 1914, No. 4 in Aus and Vic, Commonwealth system) - coastal station operator?
===''JUDD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Harvey Judd|Judd, Clarence Harvey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVF-9XS] - 1920(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5HQ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3374, 1953, Qld - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Oswald William Judd|Judd, Oswald William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVX-X56] - 1896(SA)-1934(SA) - Licences: XVF Adelaide (North Norwood, 1913); Receive Adelaide (Payneham, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

=='''K'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''KANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Leslie Kane|Kane, John Leslie &quot;Les&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1985(Qld), 4ZZ Roma, amateur operator (AOCP 2335, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), senior state public servant (Qld Railways)
===''KAUFMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Donald Kaufman|Kaufman, Samuel Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6X-937] - 1904(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2SK Sydney (Belmore, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 448, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Belmore, 1933-1980)
===''KAUPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Alexis Kauper|Kauper, Henry or Heinrich Alexis &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXZ-WYQ] - 1888(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Licences: S643 Adelaide (1921-1922); 5BG Adelaide (Dulwich, 1923-1926; Tusmore, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 97, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; inventor - Electoral Rolls: chauffer (Willaura, Vic, 1910); engineer (Richmond, Vic, 1931-1937) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kauper-henry-alexis-harry-6898 ADB]
===''KAYESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Kayess|Kayess, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCYG-NHD] - 1892(NSW)-1962(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Cooktown, 1917); engineer (Hendra, Qld, 1919); engine driver (Charleville, Qld, 1921); mechanic (Mossman, 1925); motor mechanic (Watchem, Vic, 1928); auto engineer (Dulwich Hill, NSW, 1930); garage manager (New Lambton, NSW, 1930; Foveaux, NSW, 1933); engineer (Forest Lodge, NSW, 1935-1937); labourer (Darlinghurst, 1937; Glenmore, NSW, 1943); mechanical engineer trainee (Haberfield, NSW, 1949); engineer (Manly North, NSW, 1958)

===''KEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Patrick James Keane|Keane, John Patrick James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V5-P25] - 1903(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JN Cessnock (1930-1936; 2JN Sydney (Bexley, 1937-1939; McMahons Point, 1946-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 698, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Darling Harbour, 1930); clerk (Cessnock, 1931-1932; Newcastle, 1934; Bexley, 1935-1937; McMahons Point, 1943-1949; North Sydney, 1958-1963)
===''KEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Keast|Keast, Leslie John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2QP-J6X] - 1886(SA)-1957(WA) - Journalist (Wireless Weekly; shortwave editor, Australasian Radio World, 1940-1951; Radio &amp; Hobbies), professional monitor (OWI/VOA, WW2), silent era cinematographer - Electoral Rolls: licensed victuallar (Royal Hotel, Bowral, 1933-1934); ex-hotelkeeper (Coogee, 1935); clerk (Randwick North, 1936-1937); sales manager (Carlingford, 1943); organising secretary (Ermington, 1949-1958)

===''KEDDIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Phillip Robert Keddie|Keddie, Phillip Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67S-1T7] - 1921(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5KZ Adelaide (Woodville Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1882, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: AMF (Woodville Park, SA, 1943)

===''KELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Charles Edward Kells|Kells, Alfred Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTMT-7D3] - 1900(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923); 2430 Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Moonee Ponds, 1921-1925); mechanic (Essendon, 1928-1954)

===''KELLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Wainwright Kelly|Kelly, Alexander Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZP6-G6V] - 1908(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Largs Bay (1923); Receive Largs Bay (1923); 5AW Lyndoch (1927-1939); 5XO Loxton (1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 358, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur Broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: winemaker (Berri, 1939-1943)
* [[/Ross Donaldson Kelly|Kelly, Ross Donaldson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7BG-2PR] - 1906(SA)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5LW Adelaide (Unley, 1937-1939; Hazelwood Park, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2032, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assurance agent (Dulwich, 1941-1943)

===''KELSO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Graham Kelso|Kelso, Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXH-9DH] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EL Receive Brisbane (Nundah, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Petrie Terrace, Qld, 1958); technician (Brisbane, Qld, 1968; St Lucia, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''KEMBLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Kemble|Kemble, Frederick John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZ2-8WY] - 1915(SA)-1939(WA) - Licences: 6FJ Katanning (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1673, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith's striker (Katanning, WA, 1937)

===''KEMP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Alexander Kemp|Kemp, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-PYS] - 1910(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4YA Yangan - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1466, 1935, Qld; BOCP 110, 1937; 2COCP 123, 1937; 1COCP 163, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Swanfels, Qld, 1936-1937); radio technician (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949; Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Joseph Edward Kemp|Kemp, Joseph Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-NWV] - 1918(Tas)-1991(WA) - Licences: 7RZ Devonport (1937-1939); 7RZ Launceston (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1847, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Como, 1949); radio officer (Esperance, 1954-1958; Yokine, WA, 1963-1980)

===''KEMPSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Kempster|Kempster, Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVPC-NHM] - 1900(SA)-1957(SA) - Licences: 5KM Darwin (1929-1931); 8KM Darwin (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 543, 1929, No. ?? in NT - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Fullarton, 1934); supervisor (Fullarton, 1939-1943)

===''KENNA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Francis Kenna|Kenna, Vernon Francis &quot;Vern&quot; / &quot;Marconi&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1D-4ZV] - 1908(Qld)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 4DE Receive Brisbane (Hamilton, 1923-1924); 4FK Brisbane (Hamilton, 1926-1939); 2JR Sydney (Middle Cove, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 301, 1926, No. 29 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (PMGD); radiocommunications engineer; senior public servant (PMG, ABC2); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal electrician (Hamilton, Qld, 1936-1954); engineer (Balwyn, Vic, 1963; Killara, 1963; Middle Cove, 1968-1972; Willoughby, 1977-1980)
===''KENNEDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Kennedy|Kennedy, Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKD-8Q7] - 1874(Vic)-1945(SA) - Licences: XYD Perth (City, 1913-1914); 6AM Perth (Mt Lawley, 1923-1927); 5AM Adelaide (City, 1928; Unley, 1931; New Parkside, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; senior federal public servant (PMG, concluding as Deputy Postmaster-General SA); WW1 - Awards: Imperial Service Order - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, 1903; Mt Lawley, 1910-1921); State Engineer (Maylands, 1925-1926); civil servant (New Parkside, 1939-1943)
* [[/M. Kennedy|Kennedy, M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EP Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Walter Donald Kennedy|Kennedy, Walter Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBRG-1WB] - 1869(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1925-1926; Willoughby, 1927-1929); 2WK Helensburgh (1930-1933); 2WK Sydney (East Sydney, 1934); 2WK Wallerawang (1935); 2WK Sydney (Rockdale, 1936-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 121, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Murrumburrah, 1913; Helensburgh, 1930-1932); clerk (Darlinghurst, 1934-1935); clerk in Holy Orders (Rockdale, 1936-1949)

===''KENNY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Francis Kenny|Kenny, Edmund Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MB-R3M] - 1903(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2EK Sydney (Lewisham, 1927-1928; Croydon, 1929; Ryde, 1930-1931; Granville, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2EK Wentworthville (1950-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 373, 1927, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1930); clerk (West Ryde, 1930-1933); engineer (Granville, 1935-1949); radio engineer (Wentworthville, 1954-1968); engineer (Wentworthville, 1972-1977)

===''KEOGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William George Keogh|Keogh, William George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJ4-H7G] - 19??(???)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2ZA Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923); 2ZA Sydney (Summer Hill, 1923; Stanmore, 1924-1925); licensed operator 2AG Grace Bros Broadway  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Randwick North, 1943-1958)

===''KERBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Thomas John Kerby|Kerby, Edwin Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM72-SFL] - 1888(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 7EK Ringarooma (1932-1939); 3KK Melbourne (Auburn, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 940, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 (Major) - Awards: Military Star 1914-1915; British War Medal, Victory Medal; MBE - Electoral Rolls: manager (Ballarat, 1909); restaurant keeper (Brunswick, 1914); electrical engineer (Richmond, 1914-1917); grazier (Ballarat, 1919); farmer (Linton, 1922); grazier (Fawkner, 1924-1925); engineer (St Kilda, 1943; Auburn, 1949-1968) - Links: [[w:Edwin Kerby|Wikipedia]]
===''KERMOND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie John Kermond|Kermond, Leslie John &quot;Les&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W7-Y88] - 1912(Vic)-2007(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Warrnambool (1928-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 417, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 182, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Warrnambool, 1936-1937); engineer (Swan Hill, 1942); radio engineer (Warrnambool, 1949-1980)

===''KERNICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Edwin Kernick|Kernick, Percy Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX7S-JW1] - 1888(NSW)-1965(WA) - Licences: 6PK Perth (South Perth, 1927-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 378, 1927, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Sandstone/Mt Magnet, 1910); telegraphist (Brown Hill/Kalgoorlie, 1917; South Perth, 1925-1963)
===''KERR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Dixon Kerr|Kerr, Alfred Dixon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT8-ZKF] - 1910(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AL Ballarat (1926-1939, 1946-1960); 3JQ Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 284, 1926, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 18, 1930 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968); retired (Hawthorn, 1977)
* [[/Roy Kerr|Kerr, Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-SBX] - 1917(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4DK Winton (1937-1939); 4DK Brisbane (Tingalpa, 1946-1951) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1941, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Relationships: brother of Vernon Lester Kerr 4LK - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Vernon Lester Kerr|Kerr, Vernon Lester &quot;Vern&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHP-MCW] - 1912(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4LK Winton (1932-1933); 4LK Cloncurry (1937-1939, 1946-1948); 4LK Charters Towers (1954-1969); 4LK Charleville (1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 800, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; COCP 1941, amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, Soc Wireless Pioneers USA); employment (RFDS, technical officer / controller / announcer) - Relationships: brother of Roy Kerr 4DK - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Charters Towers, Qld, 1954-1977); technician (Charleville, Qld, 1977)
===''KHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kullandar Jallander Khan|Khan, Kullandar Jallander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX89-VLY] - 1916(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4QA Cairns (1937-1939, 1947); 4DC Cairns (1948-1960); 4DC Brisbane (New Farm, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1979, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 4QA may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 4QA Cairns - Electoral Rolls: picture theatre operater (Cairns, Qld, 1943); radio serviceman (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); tv technician (New Farm, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (New Farm, Qld, 1980)

===''KIDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian McIvor Kidman|Kidman, Ian McIvor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD7Q-7N2] - 1915(SA)-1981(SA) - Licences: 5JK Naracoorte (1933-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1163, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''KILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Harold Kilby|Kilby, Raymond Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-9VD] - 1918(Tas)-1999(Tas) - Licences: 7RK Launceston (1935-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1461, 1935, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1568, 1957; 1COCP 1862, 1958; 2COCP T1, 1977 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: upholsterer (Launceston, 1943-1972)

===''KILGARIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Kilgariff|Kilgariff, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDS2-XBD] - 1886(NSW)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5JT Adelaide (Burnside, 1937-1939; Erindale, 1947-1948; North Glenelg, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1884, 1937, SA; 2COCP 325, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Boulder, WA, 1910-1912); builder (Alice Springs, NT, 1934; Burnside, SA, 1939); RAAF (Leabrook, SA, 1943)

===''KILSBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Wilbur Kilsby|Kilsby, Keith Wilbur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCHP-4ZS] - 1912(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5PR Moorak (1933); 5PR Birdwood (1938); 5PR Wiltyerong via Murray Bridge (1947); 5PR Mingary via Murray Bridge (1948); 5PR Murray Bridge (1954); 5PR Adelaide (Payneham, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 419, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Birdwood, SA, 1939; Wiltyerong, SA, 1941-1943);

===''KING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Calvert King|King, Charles Calvert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQT-4R1] - 1885(Eng)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 105, 1915; 2COCP 155, 1930 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1914); warrant telegraphist (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1921-1925); music teacher (Randwick, NSW, 1930); musician (Clovelly, 1931; Rose Bay, 1932-1933); librarian (Woollahra, 1934); salesman (Bondi, NSW, 1935); Model Maker (Watson's Bay, 1936-1937)
* [[/Fred Esmond King|King, Fred Esmond (Electoral Rolls)  or Esmonde (BMD)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-81C] - 1896(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4CQ Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Bulliwallah, Qld, 1919-1963)
* [[/Frederick Venn King|King, Frederick Venn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJHN-MV3] - 1888(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Cunnamulla (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1909); grazier (Weelamurra Station, Qld, 1913-1921); not stated (Warrambah Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1925); grazier (Barrington Station, Cunnamulla, Qld, 1930-1954); retired (Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968)

===''KINGWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Hercules Kingwell|Kingwell, William Hercules]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB)
===''KINSELLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Thomas Kinsella|Kinsella, Hector Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NC-XN9] - 1912(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6HK Perth (Hollywood, 1930; East Perth, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 641, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (South Perth, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1943); pharmacist (Perth, 1949; Narrogin, 1954-1958; Applecross, 1963; Ardross, 1968-1972; Booragoon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Wade Kinsella|Kinsella, Thomas Wade]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8P2-TSG] - 1904(Vic)-2001(NSW)96yo - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Lubeck (1923); 3TK Lubeck (1924-1926); 3TK Rupanyup (1937-1939); 2FK Sydney (Rose Bay, 1946; Herne Bay, 1947; Sans Souci, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1992, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 532, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Lubeck, 1927-1936); RAN (Sans Souci, 1949-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3AKW William Jennings Kinsella
* [[/William Jennings Kinsella|Kinsella, William Jennings]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PG-S8S] - 1914(Vic)-2011(Vic) - Licences: 3AKW Lubeck (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 498, 1943; 2AOCP 55, 1946 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Magdala, Lubeck, 1936-1972; Lubeck, 1977-1980) - Relationships: brother of 3TK-2FK Thomas Wade Kinsella
===''KINZBRUNNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Charles Kinzbrunner|Kinzbrunner, Harry Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-SZM] - 1903(Eng)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4HK Cloncurry (1929-1931); 4HK Mareeba (1933); 4HK Tully (1937-1939); 4HK Atherton (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 474, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, radio clubs (WIAQ), employment (Australian Inland Mission, QATB) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Malanda, 1937); electrical engineer (Ashgrove, 1943); radio mechanic (Atherton, 1943); refrigeration &amp; electrical contractor (Atherton, 1949-1972); electrical contractor (Atherton, 1977-1980)

===''KIRBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ewan Russell Kirby|Kirby, Ewan Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4R1-4J7] - 1885(Tas)-1947(Tas) - Licences: XZB Hobart (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; First set 1909 communicated with M. Harvey; employed Hydro-electric Dept - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart South, 1914-1919); engineer (Hobart West, 1922-1936)
===''KIRKBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Kirkby|Kirkby, Brian]] - historian (early wireless experimenters, Edward Hope Kirkby, Archibald John Shaw), great grandson of Edward Hope Kirkby
* [[/Charles Edward Kirkby|Kirkby, Charles Edward]] - 1886(Vic)-1954(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of George Gill Kirkby
* [[/Edward Hope Kirkby|Kirkby, Edward Hope]] - 1853(At sea)-1915(NSW) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, father of George Gill Kirkby and Charles Edward Kirkby
* [[/George Gill Kirkby|Kirkby, George Gill]] - 1884(Vic)-1916(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter, son of Edward Hope Kirkby, brother of Charles Edward Kirkby
===''KIRKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Basil Everald Wharton Kirke|Kirke, Basil Everald Wharton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6NX-FFQ] - 1893(NSW)-1958(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - WW1; chief studio announcer/Uncle &quot;Bas&quot; (2BL); manager, 6WF; manager 9PA (1946); manager (ABC, Victoria, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Subiaco, 1931; Perth, 1934-1936; Melbourne, 1937-1943; Perth, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kirke-basil-everald-wharton-10751 ADB]
===''KIRKLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Booth Kirkland|Kirkland, John Booth]] - 1861(Vic)-1900(Vic) - early telephone experimenter, Melbourne, Geelong &amp; Ballarat

===''KISSICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Leslie Hawthorn Kissick|Kissick, Alfred Leslie Hawthorn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9D-7LL] - 1904(Vic)-1967(Vic) - Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924), 3KB Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1939, 1946-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 141, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), operator 3CR Coburg Radio Club (1925), amateur broadcaster, clerk (1934)

===''KITTO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Collingwood Kitto|Kitto, Thomas Collingwood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MCKM-W8G] - 1903(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7?? Launceston (1928); 5JR Adelaide (Tusmore, 1931); 2JR Newcastle (1933); 2JS Newcastle (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 425, 1928, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 43, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Launceston, 1928); radio engineer (Sandgate, NSW, 1935; Ulverstone, Tas, 1937); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1942); radio engineer (Prahran, 1949); retired (Deception Bay, 1972)

===''KLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Kling|Kling, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQZ-B4W] - 1905(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1928; South Camberwell, 1931; Hawthorn East, 1933; Hampton, 1937-1939); 3AJQ Melbourne (Seaford, 1954-1955; Lower Ferntree Gully, 1956; Frankston, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 403, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1931-1933; Sandringham, 1936-1937); engineer (Sandringham, 1942; Bacchus Marsh, 1949); radio sound engineer (Seaford, 1954); electrician (Frankston, 1963-1968)

===''KNAPTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carlo Patrick Knapton|Knapton, Carlo Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DQR-R5C] - 1879(Irl)-1955(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - wireless trader (WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as vice-president, Wireless Traders Assoc, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton, Vic, 1914); lighting engineer (South Perth, 1921-1954) 
===''KNEIPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Kneipp|Kneipp, James Henry &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ5R-YBH] - 1875(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Cannon Hill, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: saddler (Morningside, Qld, 1905); railway employee (Morningside, Qld, 1908-1917; Cannon Hill, Qld, 1919-1958)

===''KNIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Keith Knight|Knight, Rupert Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-Z5W] - 1898(Qld)-1934(Qld) - Licences: 4RK Toowoomba (1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Halcyon: not mentioned? - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1919); bank clerk (East Toowoomba, 1925-1926); not specified (East Toowoomba, 1928-1932)

===''KNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Brader Knock|Knock, Donald Brader &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWWR-L62] - 1898(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 1911 Manchester; G6XG London (1924-1926); 2NO Sydney (Cremorne, 1926-1927; Vaucluse, 1927; Kirribilli, 1928; Randwick, 1929); 6NK Wyndham (1930-1931); 2NU Portable Sydney 1935-1939; 2NO Sydney (Waverley, 1946-1966) - Qualifications: AOCP 335, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2MO), radiocommunications engineer, journalist (Wireless Weekly, Radio in ANZ, Radio Monthly, Australian Radio News, Bulletin, Australasian Radio World), military (WW1 - Royal Naval Air Service, WW2 - AIF lieutenant-major) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Waverley, 1930); radio journalist (Waverley, 1932-1933); radio engineer (Waverley, 1935-1963)
===''KNOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carlisle Maddison Knowles|Knowles, Henry Carlisle Maddison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4Q8-642] - 1901(NSW)-1945(ACT) - Licences: 2LK Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 653, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Woolahra, 1933; Kingston, ACT, 1935-1943)

===''KOSSECK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Frederick Kosseck|Kosseck, Edwin Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VB-VTG] - 1909(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3EK Geelong (Belmont, 1930-1933); 3AKE Geelong (Newport, 1947; Belmont, 1948-1980+)  - Qualifications: AOCP 705, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: gardener (Belmont, 1931-1937); RAAF (Newport, 1943); gardener (Belmont, 1949-1980)

===''KRAEGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carl W. J. Kraegen|Kraegen, Carl W. J. &quot;Charles&quot;]] - 1831?(Germany?)-1871(NT) - employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, SA Posts &amp; Telegraphs), telegraph operator (Ballarat, Portland), developed an early system of explosive detonation by battery, tragically died of thirst during the construction of the Overland Telegraph
===''KRUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Augustine Kruger|Kruger, Francis Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJZ-58H] - 1907(Vic)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3HE Receive Charlton (1922-1923); 3HE Charlton (1924-1925); 3AI Charlton (1935-1939); 3AI Strathmore (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1541, 1935, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: dental mechanic (Charlton, 1928-1937); cinema operator (Charlton, 1942); executive (Essendon, 1949-1968; Strathmore, 1977-1980)

=='''L'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''LABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Howell Laby|Laby, Thomas Howell]] - 1880(Vic)-1946(Vic) - frequent lecturer on wireless topics to WIA Vic in the 1920s, education (BA Cambridge 1905, PhD Cambridge 1921), employment (University of Sydney, 1901-1904; Cavendish Laboratory, 1905; Professor Physics, Victoria University College, Wellington, 1909; Professor Natural Philosophy, University of Melbourne, 1915-1930+), Royal Society of Victoria (president, 1924)
===''LACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis James Lack|Lack, Francis James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCQH-WJR] - 1876(NSW)-1949(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Sandgate, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Warwick, Qld, 1903; Tiaro, Qld, 1905-1906; Maryborough, Qld, 1908); fish agent (Maryborough, Qld, 1913); engineer (Sandgate, Qld, 1916); accountant (Sandgate, Qld, 1917-1949)

===''LAHEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Wesley Lahey|Lahey, John Wesley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKRX-KPL] - 1850(Irl)-1937(Qld) - Licences: 4EG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: sawmill proprietor (Clayfield, Qld, 1908-1909); sawmiller (Clayfield, Qld, 1913-1936)
===''LAIDLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Laidler|Laidler, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1KG-31L] - 1904(Eng)-1995(SA) - Licences: 5TL Ceduna (1937-1939, 1947); 5TL Largs Bay (1948); 5TL Renmark (1954-1960); 5TL Adelaide (Glandore, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1934, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postmaster (Ceduna, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LAKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric James Lake|Lake, Eric James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDFZ-CKK]- 1906(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4EL Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1946-1948); 4EL Clevedon (1954-1956); 4EL Townsville (Belgian Gardens, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 54, 1931; AOCP 966, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, instructor); broadcast technician (4QN); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); radio technician (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943-1949; Townsville, Qld, 1954-1963);

===''LAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank John Federal Laker|Laker, Frank John Federal]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M1V2-P8Q] - 1899(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: 2ZE Deniliquin (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (St Kilda, Vic, 1925); clerk (Bondi, 1935-1937); accountant (North Rocks, 1954)

===''LALOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Fintan Lalor|Lalor, Peter Fintan]] - 1827(Irl)-1889(Vic) - Leader of the Eureka Stockade, Postamaster-General Victoria (Aug 1875-Oct 1875)

===''LAMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. D. Lamb|Lamb, A. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DK Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/James Joseph Wiseman Lamb|Lamb, James Joseph Wiseman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-49X] - 1876(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 119, 1915; 1COCP 264, 1932 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Relationships: father of Harry Spencer Lamb - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); radio station master (Townsville, Qld, 1921); wireless (Malvern, Vic, 1927);  superintendent (Toorak, Vic, 1928-1936; Elsternwick, Vic, 1937); retired (Elsternwick, Vic, 1942)
* [[/Harry Spencer Lamb|Lamb, Harry Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7M-SQY] - 1906(WA)-1984(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcaster - Relationships: son of James Joseph Wiseman Lamb - Electoral Rolls:

===''LAMBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Clayton Lambert|Lambert or Mason, Frank Clayton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-761] - 1908(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6FL Perth (South Perth, 1929-1931); 6FL Geraldton (1933); 6FL Perth (Wembley, 1937-1939; Subiaco, 1947); 3AFL Bairnsdale (1948); 6FL Perth (Claremont, 1954-1956; Bassendean, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 503, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture employee (South Perth, WA, 1931); projectionist (Albany, WA, 1934); sound projectionist (East Fremantle, WA, 1936); projectionist (Wembley Park, WA, 1937); radio technician (Subiaco, WA, 1943-1949); dealer (Claremont, WA, 1954); radio dealer (Bassendean, WA, 1958-1980)

===''LANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Herbert Dodson Lane|Lane, Cyril Herbert Dodson]] - 1888(NSW)-1915(Tur) - XDM Sydney (1909-1914), early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), born Cyril Herbert Dodson, brother-in-law of Charles Dansie Maclurcan &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
===''LANGFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Leslie Langfield|Langfield, Harold Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-3D6] - 1893(Wales)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4CO Brisbane (Rosalie, 1935-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1572, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: club steward (Rosalie, Qld, 1934-1977; Paddington, Qld, 1980);

===''LANGFORD-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fritz Langford-Smith|Langford-Smith, Fritz]] - 1904(NSW)-1966(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), electronics designer (AWA), author (Radiotron Designers Handbook), journalist (Radiotronics) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198908.pdf EA]
===''LANGHANS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ron Langhans|Langhans, Ron]] - historian (broadcasting)
===''LANGRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George David Langridge|Langridge, George David]] - 1829(Eng)-1891(Vic) - Postmaster-General Victoria in early 1880s

===''LAPTHORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Charles Lapthorne|Lapthorne, Horace Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W8-STK] - 1900(Vic)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2TM Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1924); 2HL Sydney (Chatswood, 1928-1938; Lane Cove, 1939; Artarmon, 1948-1969); 2HL Noraville (1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 422, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Artarmon, 1930-1937; Chatswood, 1943-1968); retired (Noraville, 1972)

===''LARSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Peter Christian Larsen|Larsen, Herbert Peter Christian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36L-GHQ] - 1901(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: 4JW Charters Towers(1928-1937); 4JW Cairns (1938-1939, 1947-1956); 4JW Charters Towers (1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 439, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: brewery hand (Charters Towers, 1925-1936); engine driver (Cairns, 1943-1954; Charters Towers, 1958-1968)
===''LARSSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gustaf William Larsson|Larsson, Gustaf William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTD-55K] - 1902(Tas)-1992(Tas) - Licences: 7BJ Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 92, 1932; AOCP 3275, 1952 - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Hobart West, 1928-1936)

===''LAUNDER-CRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Edgar Launder-Cridge|Launder-Cridge, Wilfred Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXT9-S5L] - 1899(Eng)-1960(Tas) - Licences: 5BZ Adelaide (Brooklyn Park, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 200, 1930; 1COCP 120, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Essendon North, Vic, 1937; Aerodrome, Cambridge, Tas, 1943); OIC, DCA (Forrest, WA, 1958)

===''LAURENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Laurence|Laurence, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXL7-YKV] - 1916(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5MZ Adelaide (Malvern, 1933-1939); 3PF Melbourne (Sandringham, 1947-1948); 3PF Benalla (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1164, 1933, SA; 1COCP 118, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Ceduna, 1941-1943); farmer (Wellington, Benalla, 1949-1963; Benalla, 1967-1980)

===''LAURIE-RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Melbourne Clive Laurie-Rhodes|Laurie-Rhodes, Melbourne Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-6K1] - 1915(Qld)-1997(NZ) - Licences: 4XU Brisbane (Hendra, 1934-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1353, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Hendra, Qld, 1936-1937)

===''LAVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Poynton Laver|Laver, Charles Poynton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JBH-SNC] - 1882(Eng)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5CP Cape Borda (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Lightkeeper (Cape Borda, SA, 1939; Edithburgh, 1941-1951)

===''LAVINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Morgan Eric Lavington|Lavington, Frederick Morgan Eric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJM-ZC9] - 1903(Tas)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 2ZC Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1923); 2ZC Sydney (Waverley, 1923; Bondi, 1924-1925; Mosman, 1925-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Manly, 1930); engineer (Strathfield, 1932; Ashfield West, 1935-1936); electrical engineer (Ashfield West, 1937); engineer (Kensington, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1972)

===''LAWRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevan Alic Lawrie|Lawrie, Kevan Alec or Alic]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRS-5YP] - 1915(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5AK Adelaide (Lockleys, 1936-1939; York, 1947-1948; Lockleys, 1954-1965; Brooklyn, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1602, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Lockleys, SA, 1939-1941)

===''LAWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Andrew Laws|Laws, David Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-FW5] - 1909(Qld)-1943(PNG) - Licences: 4DR Brisbane (Taringa, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 829, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Commando)- Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Taringa, 1936-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/635901]
* [[/Sidney Frank Henry Laws|Laws, Sidney Frank Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6ZT-GBH] - 1893(NZ)-1973(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 6, 1914, No. 6 in Aus and Vic - commercial operator; coastal station operator; manager 7ZL (1927); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (obo 7ZL) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer operator (Wireless Station, Townsville, 1915); farmer (Launching Place, 1918); electrical engineer (Prahran, Vic, 1919); engineer (Armadale, Vic, 1919-1924); manager (Launceston, 1928); company manager (Double Bay, NSW, 1930-1931)

===''LAWTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Kyle Lawton|Lawton, Alexander Kyle]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-FWT] - 1889(Qld)-1978(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD), radio clubs (QWI, member), business (movie theatres, Amico), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowoomba, 1913; Wynnum South, 1915-1916); manager (Windsor, 1919); engineer (Nundah, 1925-1928); manager (Townsville, 1936-1937; Nundah, 1943-1949); manufacturer's agent (Virginia, 1954-1958); company director (Ashfield, 1963); sales manager (Ashfield, 1968-1977)

===''LEADBITTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Henry Leadbitter|Leadbitter, James Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP1-3V1] - 1882(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2AF Receive West Wyalong (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: cycle mechanic (Darlington, 1903); mechanic (West Wyalong, 1913); cycle mechanic (West Wyalong, 1930-1943)
===''LEANEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Gregory Leaney|Leaney, William Gregory]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK9P-JF9] - 1895(SA)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3XN Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923); 3XN Melbourne (Northcote, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Northcote, 1919-1954); driver (Coburg, 1963-1977); nil (Preston, 1980)

===''LEBER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Leber|Leber, David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HD-847] - 1905(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3DL Melbourne (Richmond, 1929-1939; Hawthorn, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 481, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 3COCP 45, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Richmond, 1927-1942); salesman (Hawthorn, 1949)

===''LECKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Crockett Leckie|Leckie, Herbert Crockett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1R-QQN] - 1927(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3LH Melbourne (Elwood, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 1170, 1947 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980);
* [[/Raymond Campbell Leckie|Leckie, Raymond Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2Q-ZZV] - 1904(Vic)-1987(ACT) - Licences: 3TU Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923); 3TU Melbourne (Sandringham, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 215, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Sandringham, 1926); public servant (Braddon, 1935; Turner, 1943-1968); examiner of patents (Hughes, 1972); retired (Hughes, 1977-1980)

===''LEE-ARCHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Evan Leslie Lee-Archer|Lee-Archer, Evan Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB2K-F3W] - 1911(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3LM Melbourne (Glen Iris, 1929-1931); 3LM Wonthaggi (1933); 3LM Melbourne (Caulfield North, 1937; Malvern East, 1938) - Qualifications: AOCP 534, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1933); radio engineer (Korumburra, 1934); engineer (Caulfield West, 1935); mechanic (Malvern East, 1937)

===''LEGGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Legge|Legge, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9MJS-QKM] - 1906(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Ulverstone (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Ulverstone, 1928); no occupation (Hobart South, 1936); zinc worker (Hobart East, 1943); farmer (Cullenswood, 1949-1954)
===''LE GRAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Walter Le Grand|Le Grand, Sydney Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQDD-D57] - 1902(Qld)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 4LG Brisbane (Windsor, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 882, 1925; 2COCP 34, 1929; 1COCP 151, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Windsor, 1925-1926); operator (Woollahra, 1931-1937; Bellevue Hill, 1943-1949; Bondi Junction, 1954-1968); retired (Banora Point, 1972-1977)

===''LELLIOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Lelliott|Lelliott, Thomas &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-4PX] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3ZW Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1930-1939); 3AZW Melbourne (Boronia, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 684, 1930, Vic; AOLCP 68, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Mont Albert, 1937); operator (Caulfield, 1942); public servant (Boronia, 1963-1980)

===''LEMMON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Lemmon|Lemmon, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLL-Z21] - 1885(Eng)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 95, 1915; 2COCP 120, 1930; 1COCP 71, 1930 - coastal wireless operator; WW2; RANRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Clayfield, Qld, 1915); officer-in-charge Wireless Station (Rockhampton, 1916-1921); radio telegraphist (Applecross, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); wireless operator (Broome, 1937); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1943-1949); retired (Rivervale, 1954-1963)
===''LEMPRIERE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Louis Lempriere|Lempriere, Charles Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Y-NPS] - 1857(Vic)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3ZJ Melbourne (Vermont, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: surgeon (South Yarra, 1912-1919); medical practitioner (Vermont, 1924-1934)

===''LENDRUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Lendrum|Lendrum, Alexander &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NZ-Y5Y] - 1887(Qld)-1955(NSW) - Licences: 2YL Sydney (Kensington, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1913); yardman (Toowoomba, 1921); constable (Kensington, 1930-1937)
===''LENNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Lennon|Lennon, Christopher James &quot;Chris&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJL3-LZF] - 1889(Vic)-1932(Aus) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 4, 1929 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: operator (Broome, 1916-1917); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1925); telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1931)

===''LEONARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aubrey Benedict Leonard|Leonard, Aubrey Benedict]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9T-N4X] - 1896(NSW)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3EN Receive Drouin (1922-1923); 3EN Drouin (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 244, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Drouin, 1922-1928); radio dealer (Drouin, 1931-1954); retired (Drouin, 1963-1967) 
* [[/John William Leonard|Leonard, John William &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G494-BY4] - 1906(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (Black Rock, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 386, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: linesman (Sandringham, 1931-1943); shopkeeper (Sandringham, 1949-1968)
* [[/Leslie Clarence Leonard|Leonard, Leslie Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH15-16Q] - 1902(Vic)-1961(SA) - Licences: 5LT Adelaide (Payneham, 1946-1947; Medindie, 1948); 5LT Port Lincoln (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2336, 1939, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: pilot (The Terrace/Port Pirie, 1939)
* [[/Vincent Halpin Leonard|Leonard, Vincent Halpin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8S4-TXD] - 1915(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Melbourne (?, 1938-1939; Kew, 1946-1956); 3PJ St Andrews (1960); 3PJ Melbourne (Balwyn, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2167, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Abbotsford, 1937; Kew, 1937-1954); public servant (St Andrews, 1958; Balwyn, 1963-1980)

===''LESLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Julian Leslie|Leslie, Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS98-211] - 1873(Vic)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 142, 1915; 1COCP 246, 1932 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Leederville, WA, 1910-1912; Applecross, WA, 1913); O.I.C. (Radio Telegraph Station, Broome, WA, 1917); officer-in-charge (Radio Station, Thursday Island, 1925-1926); superintendent of wireless (Auburn, Vic, 1928); supervisor B.H. service (Randwick, NSW, 1930-1949)

===''LESTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Lester|Lester, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5FQ-NQL] - 1902(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5LR Renmark (1930-1937); 5LR Berri (1938-1939); 5LR Adelaide (Millswood Estate, 1946-1947; Blackwood, 1954-1965); 5LR Victor Harbour (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 674, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 236, 1935; BOCP 369, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Berri, 1939-1943)

===''LETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick James Norman Lett|Lett, Frederick James Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2P-Y8D] - 1903(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2WN Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923); 2WN Sydney (Annandale, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Annandale, 1930-1936); publican (Sydney, 1937); hotelkeeper (Clifton Gardens Hotel, Mosman, 1943); Darlinghurst, 1949; Dulwich Hill, 1958; Marrickville, 1963); retired (Church Point, 1968)

===''LEVENSPIEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Pinkus Levenspiel|Levenspiel, Pinkus or Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JB-QSL] - 1904(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2TX Wyong (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 668, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Wyong, 1936-1937); mechanic (Wyong, 1949-1963); motor dealer (Ourimbah, 1968-1980)
===''LEVERETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Leverett|Leverett, John Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV79-R7Q] - 1894(Eng)-1957(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 25, 1914; 1COCP 88, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broome, 1916); telegraphist (Ascot, Qld, 1921); wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1943); wireless inspector (Burwood, NSW, 1954)
===''LEVERRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Hewitt Leverrier|Leverrier, Francis Hewitt &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBT-DP5] - 1863(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Waverley, 1911-1914, Licence No. 5) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; radio clubs (WIA, president, 1910) - Electoral Rolls: barrister (Vaucluse, 1930-1934, Kings Counsel) - Relationships: father of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier 
* [[/Frank Neville Leverrier|Leverrier, Frank Neville &quot;Boy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M6RF-W2W] - 1904(NSW)-1980(NSW) - 2BK Receive Sydney (Waverley, 1922-1923); 2BK Sydney (Vaucluse, 1924-1930); 2ADE Castle Cove (1969-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 169, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; CPRT 931, 1926) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio work (Vaucluse, 1930); clerk (Vaucluse, 1933-1937); superintendent (Vaucluse, 1943-1949); public relations (Roseville, 1963-1968; Castle Cove, 1977) - Relationships: son of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier
* [[/Henri Andre Leverrier|Leverrier, Henri Andre &quot;Henry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68N-18J] - 1882(NCL)-1943(NSW) - Licences: XEN Sydney (Gordon, 1911); XHL Sydney (City, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as manager, Australian General Electric, Sydney)  - Relationships: nephew of XEN Francis Hewitt Leverrier; cousin of 2BK-2ADE Frank Neville Leverrier - Electoral Rolls: engineer (North Sydney, 1913); manager (Crows Nest, 1930-1937)
===''LEVY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Levy|Levy, Richard &quot;Dick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-Z38] - 1909(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5AJ Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 654, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Torrensville, 1943)

===''LEWIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Garrett Lewis|Lewis, Henry Garrett &quot;Harry&quot;]] - 1895(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Hobart (no record of licence identified as yet) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (reported experimenting from 1912); councillor WIA Tas in 1923; manager 3UZ 1924 - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/William John Lewis|Lewis, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYJ-BZQ] - 1908(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2YB Sydney (Marrickville, 1931-1936; McMahons Point, 1937); 6YB Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939); 2YB Sydney (Haberfield, 1947-1950; Paddington, 1954-1969; Ryde, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 863, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Comment: Several contemporaneous WJLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified due to numbers

===''LIGHTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Lighton|Lighton, Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2HJ-HD1] - 1869(Vic)-1940(Vic) - 3CM Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1922-1924), 3RL Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1925-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 179, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, storekeeper (Toongabbie, 1903; Benalla, 1916), independent means (East St Kilda, 1928; Armadale, 1937)
===''LINDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Linden|Linden, Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXD-PRV] - 1904(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4FT Receive Brisbane (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Murgon, Qld, 1925); mechanic (Wilston, Qld, 1928); storekeeper (Clayfield, Qld, 1936-1937); telephone mechanic (Mackay, Qld, 1943-1949); supervising technician (Bowen, Qld, 1954); PMG technician (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1958-1968)

===''LINDNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Edward Lindner|Lindner, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSVX-787] - 1904(NSW)-1981(Qld) - 4BX Receive Brisbane (Alderley) 1922 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wilston, 1928); motor mechanic (Maleny, 1934); mechanic (Windsor, 1936-1972); retired (Mt Samson, 1977)

===''LINDSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Gordon Lindsay|Lindsay, Donald Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6V-126] - 1909(Vic)-1964(WA) - 2DY Sydney (Gordon, 1925-1936; Ashfield, 1937; Concord, 1938; Kogarah, 1939), amateur operator (AOCP 83, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer
* [[/Herbert Maxwell Lindsay|Lindsay, Herbert Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3L-S78] - 1913(Qld)-1989(Qld) - Licences: 4HD Nambour (1937-1939); 4HD Buderim (1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2027, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); employment (company secretary) - Electoral Rolls: bank officer (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1937; Taringa, Qld, 1943);  fruitgrower (Buderim, Qld, 1954-1980)
===''LINKLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Charles Linklater|Linklater, Donald Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-Z44] - 1905(SA)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 5DL Pinnaroo (1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1521, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (Army) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Darling Harbour, NSW, 1949); technician (Bondi Junction, NSW, 1958)

===''LITCHFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ainslie Roland Litchfield|Litchfield, Ainslie Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9J3Z-FRP] - 1906(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2RL Cooma (1925-1939), 2RL Sydney (Woollahra, 1947; Darling Point, 1948-1954; Rozelle, 1955-1958; Avalon Beach, 1960-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 200, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, grazier (Cooma, 1930-1937), film producer (Avalon Beach, 1958-1968)
===''LITHGOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Lithgow|Lithgow, John Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-5TL] - 1916(Tas)-1990(Eng) - Licences: 7WJ Launceston (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1688, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Marine officer? 1950s-1960s, several sea trips
===''LITTLEJOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sydney Littlejohn|Littlejohn, Arthur Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DW-VDD] - 1905(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 2AL Sydney (Leichhardt, 1930-1939); 4LF Gunalda (1947); 2OU Sydney (Leichhardt, 1948-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 579, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Leichhardt, 1930-1958; Haberfield, 1963-1980)

===''LLOYD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Howard Lloyd|Lloyd, Henry Howard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST7-9LV] - 1904(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (College Town, 1923-1927); 5AG Adelaide (College Town, 1923); 5HL Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 57, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Beware another Henry Howard Lloyd [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDY-FS3] 1912-1981 in Adelaide, similar times - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified 
* [[/Hughie Frederick Lloyd|Lloyd, Hughie or Hugh Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-Y95] - 1917(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5BC Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939); 5BC Berri (1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1137, 1933, SA; BOCP 281, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5HD William Edward Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939)
* [[/William Edward Lloyd|Lloyd, William Edward &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGB-WR9] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5HD Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1933-1939, 1947-1948; Cumberland, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1215, 1933, SA; 2COCP 763, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: Brother of 5BC Hughie Frederick Lloyd - Electoral Rolls: nil (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LOCKHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Edward Lockhart|Lockhart, Leon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CJ-6GG] - 1912(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LE Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939; Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 514, 1929, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 205, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elwood, 1934-1937); engineer (Elsternwick, 1942-1977)
===''LOESER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hedley Edmond Loeser|Loeser, Hedley Edmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXL-RM6] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5LO Adelaide (Goodwood, 1936-1939; Col LIght Gardens, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1748, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: display artist (Reade Park, SA, 1943)

===''LOMAX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Lomax|Lomax, Joseph]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EB Receive Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: commercial traveller (St Kilda, Vic, 1913-1914; Ivanhoe, Vic, 1916-1917; Coorparoo, Qld, 1921-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926)

===''LONG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Timothy Joseph Long|Long, Timothy Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ19-Z9G] - 1884(Qld)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 140, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIC Cooktown (1917-1918) - Comment: suicide after diagnosis terminal illness - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Toowoomba, 1908); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1916-1917); telegraphist (Townsville, 1921)
===''LONGLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ruth Victoria Longley|Harris nee Longley, Ruth Victoria]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-5GJ] - 1913(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6YL Perth (Shenton Park, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1808, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; YL operator; WW2 - Relationships: Wife of 6NL Valentine Harms Harris - Electoral Rolls: saleswoman (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); home duties (Applecross, WA, 1949-1954); manager (Applecross, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]

===''LONGSTAFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Allen Hector Longstaff|Longstaff, Thomas Allen Hector &quot;Allen&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWQM-WF3] - 1896(SA)-1953(NSW) - Licences: XVR Adelaide (Alberton, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 55, 1915 - early wireless experimenter; coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: executive (Brighton, Vic, 1949)

===''LORDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Allan Lorden|Lorden, Geoffrey Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJB-2P8] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6GL Perth (Perth, 1925-1926; West Perth, 1927), amateur operator (AOCP 175, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOCP 2297, 1939; 2COCP 342, 1940; 1COCP 441, 1940), amateur broadcaster, radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949)
===''LOVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Kingsley Love|Love, Howard Kingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGQ-8S5] - 1895(Vic)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3BM Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3BM Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922-1931; Glen Iris, 1933), 3KU Melbourne (Malvern, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 230, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; radio clubs (WIA Vic); business proprietor (radio manufacturer) - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Orong, 1919; Malvern East, 1921-1924; Gardiner, 1927-1933); manager (Gardiner, 1936-1937); engineer (Mt. Waverley, 1942) - Comment: gone too soon - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199407.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199408.pdf EA2]
* [[/James Peile Love|Love, James Peile &quot;Nim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7JF-83Z] - 1906(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4JL Brisbane (Kedron, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 469, 1928, No. ?? in Qld (Halcyon AOCP 1930); 3COCP 5259, 1965 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, AIF) - Electoral Rolls: auctioneer (Kedron, 1928-1943; Hawthorne, 1949-1980)
===''LOVETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hubert Frank Lovett|Lovett, Hubert Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHG1-DT2] - 1905(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7HL Hobart (1926-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 246, 1926, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart North, 1928-1937); manager (Hobart South, 1949; Nelson, 1954) - Links: [https://info.scholarships.utas.edu.au/AwardDetails.aspx?AwardId=2813 UTAS Scholarship]
* [[/Percy Lovett|Lovett, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDB5-M21] - 1906(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2JP Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2210, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''LUBACH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick John Lubach|Lubach, Frederick John &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H7-VZD] - 1919(Qld)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4RF Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Annerley, 1946-1947); Dalby (1948-1950); Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1954; Camp Hill, 1965-75; Loganlea, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1745, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 868, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, instructor, QSL manager); military (WW2, RAN, wireless officer); broadcast technician (4QS, Capalaba) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Dalby, Qld, 1949; Coorparoo, Qld, 1954; Camp Hill, Qld, 1958-1968); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Loganlea, Qld, 1980)

===''LUCAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gillen Frederick Lucas|Lucas, Gillen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLB-Y7P] - 1894(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5LL Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1935-1939; Port Adelaide, 1947; Maylands, 1948; Trinity Gardens, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1589, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bootmaker (Kilkenny, SA, 1939-1943)

===''LUCKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Forsythe Arthur Luckman|Luckman, Charles Forsythe Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMF8-LS2] - 1901(NSW)-1979(NSW) - Licences: 2JT Receive Sydney (Croydon, 1922); 2JT Sydney (Croydon, 1923-1926; Lakemba, 1927-1933; Croydon, 1934; Ashfield, 1935-1938; Croydon, 1939, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 41, 1924, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: lift engineer (Lakemba, 1930-1933); electrician (Croydon, 1935-1943); electrical mechanic (Croydon, 1954-1972)
* [[/Thomas Stuart Luckman|Luckman, Thomas Stuart &quot;Stuart&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-8CD] - 1913(Qld)-2005(Qld) - Licences: 4SL Brisbane (Kalinga, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 783, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, CMF, Signals Northern Command); occupation (hardware executive) - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Kalinga, 1936-1937); storeman (Hendra, 1943-1958); retired (Aspley, 1972-1977; Carseldine, 1980)

===''LUHRS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor Albert Luhrs|Luhrs, Victor Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZYN-VJJ] - 1888(Vic)-1964(SA) - Licences: V761 Receive Woori Yallock (1922); 3HB Receive Woori Yallock (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Torquon West, Nhill, 1909; Netherby, 1912-1914; Cavendish, 1916-1919; Woori Yallock, 1922-1924; Kalyan, SA, 1939); grazier (Tintinara, SA, 1941-1943)
===''LUM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allan Douglas Lum|Lum, Allan Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92F-LX7] - 1913(SA)-1978(SA) - Licences: 5AL Adelaide (Joslin, 1932-1939; Hyde Park, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 980, 1932, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 427, 1940; TVOCP 263, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Gawler, SA, 1939-1941); mechanic (Hyde Park, SA, 1943)

===''LUMB''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd John Lumb|Lumb, Lloyd John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G84C-LF2] - 1907(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4LL Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 471, 1928, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); postal electrician (Stanthorpe, 1943); technician (Ashgrove, 1949); engineer (Ashgrove, 1958-1972)

===''LUNN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Vincent Lunn|Lunn, Harold Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXGY-4X5] - 1908(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 5HL Adelaide (Morphettville, 1935-1939); 2ANE Sydney (North Ryde) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1449, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Morphettville, SA, 1939-1943; Hurstville South, NSW, 1972); retired (North Ryde, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''LUXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Wilfred Luxon|Luxon, George Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M5YJ-XTL] - 1908(NSW)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5RX Adelaide (West Mitcham, 1928-1939, 1946-1965; Torrens Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 450, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster late 1920s; WW2; WIA SA (several official duties) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mitcham, 1939-1943)

===''LYNCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold John Lynch|Lynch, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTD-VXL] - 1905(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4HL Brisbane (Fortitude Valley, 1934-1939, 1946-1956; Slacks Creek, 1960-1975); 4HL Springbrook (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1268, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); business proprietor (restaurants, picture theatres) - Electoral Rolls: cutter (Albion, Qld, 1928); shopkeeper (Valley, Qld, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Valley, Qld, 1949); shopkeeper (St Lucia, Qld, 1954; Slacks Creek, Qld, 1958-1968); owner (Slacks Creek, Qld, 1972-1977); retired (Springbrook, Qld, 1980)

===''LYONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Aloysius Thomas Lyons|Lyons, Joseph Aloysius Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGY-XKB] - 1879(Tas)-1939(NSW) - teacher, state politician, Premier of Tasmania, federal politician, Postmaster-General, Prime Minister of Australia, actively promoted development of broadcasting in Australia over two decades - Electoral Rolls:

=='''M'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''MABBITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Matthew Mabbitt|Mabbitt, John Matthew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-FD5] - 1905(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3KI Lake Boga (1930-1939); 3JG Lake Boga (1947-1948); 3JG Swan Hill (1954-1960); 3JG Melbourne (Templestowe, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 588, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Lake Boga, 1928-1949); supervisor (Swan Hill, 1954); public servant (Templestowe, 1963)

===''MACDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Macdonald|Macdonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-WT8] - 1883(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 45, 1936 - senior federal public servant (Chief Engineer, Radiotelegraph Branch, PMGD, 1914); Lieutenant-Commander Telegraphist (RAN, in charge captured German Pacific Wireless); chief engineer 7EX; supervised erection 3AR, 5CL, 7ZL; early TV research  - Comment: Don't confuse with Don Macdonald AWA consultant - Electoral Rolls: Numerous contemporaneous DMcDs - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199505.pdf EA]
* [[/Llewellyn Macdonald|Macdonald, Llewellyn &quot;Lew&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HH-73F] - 1908(Eng)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2WU Newcastle (West Maitland, 1929-1934; Wickham, 1935-1936; Waratah, 1937; Mayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 478, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 69, 1936; BOCP 50, 1936; 1COCP 125, 1937 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cabinetmaker (West Maitland, 1930; Wickham, 1936); joiner (Waratah, 1937; Charlestown, 1972)

===''MACFARLANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Macfarlane formerly Fanning nee Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred - see Harriss, Dorothy Winnifred

===''MACGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. MacGregor|MacGregor, H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4ZU Brisbane (Windsor, -1947+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster

===''MACKAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Stewart Mackay|Mackay, Cedric Stewart or Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/973G-3Q2] - 1889(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XADF Coffs Harbour (1913-1914); 2GP Urunga (1922-1931); 2GO Coffs Harbour (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 149, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Urunga, 1930); agent (Coffs Harbour, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ian Keith Mackay|Mackay, Ian Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JG-NHF] - 1907(NZ)-1985(NZ) - author, historian (broadcast, &quot;Broadcasting in New Zealand&quot; (1953), &quot;Broadcasting in Australia&quot; (1957), &quot;Broadcasting in Nigeria&quot; (1964), &quot;Broadcasting in Papua New Guinea&quot; (1976) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting executive (Lane Cove, 1954); executive (Killara, 1958)
* [[/Ronald Reay Mackay|Mackay, Ronald Reay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N2-Y6T] - 1905(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3FZ Receive Melbourne (Carlton, 1922); 3MU Melbourne (Carlton, 1931-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, principal (RMIT) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Carlton, 1931-1963) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mackay-ronald-reay-10980 ADB]
===''MACKEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Francis Mackel|Mackel, John Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DJ-FP5] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2HG Sydney (Chatswood, 1930-1939, 1946-1947; Lane Cove, 1948-1965; Hunters Hill, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 585, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Chatswood, 1935-1943); insurance inspector (Lane Cove, 1949-1954); insurance manager (Lane Cove, 1958-1963); manager (Hunters Hill, 1968-1980)
===''MACKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Harper Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Alexander Harper &quot;Mac&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-MVZ] - 1892(Sct)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4GK Brisbane (Wynnum, 1930-1939; Bulimba, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 628, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Fire Service) - Electoral Rolls: fireman (Brisbane City, 1916; Hamilton, 1919; Brisbane City, 1925); fire brigade officer (Wynnum, 1928-1936); newsagent (Bulimba, 1949); retired (Bulimba, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 4YL Florence Madeline Mackenzie and 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie
* [[/Arthur Alexander Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Arthur Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7J3-796] - 1918(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4HJ Jericho (1937); 4HJ Brisbane (Wynnum, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1346, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Townsville, 1949); newsagent (Grange, 1954-1963); public servant (Townsville, 1972; Cleveland, 1972; Thornlands, 1977, Cleveland, 1980) - Relationships: son of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; brother of 4YL Florence Madeline Streamer nee Mackenzie
* [[/Florence Madeline Mackenzie|Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-B8C] - 1922(Qld)-19??(Qld) - Licences: 4YL Brisbane (1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; third YL operator in Qld - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Mitchelton, 1949; New Farm, 1954) - Relationships: daughter of 4GK Alexander Harper Mackenzie; sister of 4HJ Arthur Alexander Mackenzie - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Harold Stuart Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Harold Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L21R-VGN] - 1908(Qld)-1995(Qld) - Licences: 4AM Brisbane (Annerley, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 518, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 90, 1937; 1COCP 239, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1937); company manager (Strathfield, NSW, 1943-1954); radio operator (Blackheath, 1958); unemployed (Burleigh Heads, 1963-1968); technician (Burleigh Heads, 1972-1980)

===''MACKINNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Eric Wilton MacKinnon|MacKinnon, Colin Eric Wilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LK45-QRQ] - 1941(NSW)-2004(NSW) - Licences: 2KCM Sydney 1980s; 2DYM Sydney (1980-2004)- Qualifications: NAOCP N1793, 1981; AOLCP N1281, 1981; AOCP N1032, 1981, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; historian (amateur radio; military radio; radar) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Cronulla, 1968; Hurstville, 1977); retired (Glenhaven, 1980) - [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Colin_MacKinnon.htm Obit]

===''MACLARDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Foster St Clair Maclardy|Maclardy, William John Foster St Clair &quot;Will&quot;]] - 1892(NSW)-1971(NSW) - 2HP Sydney (Neutral Bay &amp; Cremorne,1922-1925), amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2BL), journalist (Smith's Weekly, Wireless Weekly), correct surname is St Clair Maclardy but rarely used, son of William McIntyre St Clair Maclardy, one time Wireless Weekly proprietor
===''MACLAREN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Catto Maclaren|Maclaren, Donald Catto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N1-2R2] - 1909(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2DM Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1939); 2NN Narrabri (1947-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 655, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Haberfield, 1933-1936; Taree, 1937; Narrabri, 1949)
===''MACLURCAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Dansie Maclurcan|Maclurcan, Charles Dansie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWR7-LJ3] - 1889(Qld)-1957(NSW) - Licences: XDM Sydney (1909-1914); 2CM Sydney (Strathfield, 1921-1939; Neutral Bay, 1946-1957); 2CY Sydney (Strathfield, 1923, briefly by administrative error); first licence issued under new 1922 radio regulations - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 98, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; business proprietor (Maclurcan and Lane, 1909-19??, Maclurcan Engineering, Hotel Wentworth) - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Darling Harbour, 1913); engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1934); hotel manager (Neutral Bay, 1949-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/maclurcan-hannah-13070 ADB] [[w:2CM|Wikipedia]] [https://radioinfo.com.au/news/who-was-radio-pioneer-charles-maclurcan/ radioinfo]

===''MACM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Chestnut McMillan|McMillan, Joseph Chestnut]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-8TG] - 1901(Sct)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 7BP Receive Hobart (City, 1923); 7BP Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1928)

===''MACPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Duncan Macpherson|Macpherson, Alexander Duncan &quot;Sandy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/29CF-Z3F] - 1899(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4MC Brisbane (Nundah, 1934-1939, 1946-1948; Oakleigh, 1954; Chermside, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1271, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Toombul RC); Qld Lands (draughtsman) - Comment: Slow update for death in Electoral Rolls? - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1949; Oakleigh, Qld, 1954; Chermside, Qld, 1958-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MADDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney John Madden|Madden, Sydney John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX16-WGL] - 1900(Sct)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MN Perth (City, 1930; North Perth, 1931; Maylands, 1933-1937; Wembley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 264, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Maylands, WA, 1931-1937; Wembley Park, WA, 1937-1943); supervisor (Wembley, WA, 1954)

===''MADDICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert William Maddick|Maddick, Herbert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHLB-J2P] - 1890(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: XLX Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1913-1914); 3EF Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3EF Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1933+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 161, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; perpetrator of the foul mouthed parrot incident - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Elsternwick, 1917); mechanic (Elsternwick, 1919-1954)

===''MAGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin William Michael Magee|Magee, Kevin William Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-51Z] - 1913(Vic)-1979(Vanuatu) - Licences: 5KM Adelaide (City, 1931-1933); 2UN Sydney (Paddington, 1936); 3UN Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1937); 3KM Melbourne (Kew, 1947-1960; North Balwyn, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 874, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: staff cadet (Victoria Barracks, NSW, 1936); military officer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1937; Kew, Vic, 1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1949-1954); company director (Kew, Vic, 1963); director (Balwyn, Vic, 1967-1972)

===''MAGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Lindsay Maguire|Maguire, Arthur Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SN-BKC] - 1921(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3IO Stratford (1938-1939; 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 2216, 1938, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Stratford, 1949-1977); grazier (Munro, 1980)
* [[/Ernest Norbert Maguire|Maguire, Ernest Norbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR4X-F61] - 1892(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2KL Sydney (Lewisham, 1928-1930; Dulwich Hill, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 387, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 14, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Lewisham, 1930-1932); sergeant of police (Putney, 1943; Gladesville, 1949-1958); retired (Lake Illawarra South, 1963)
* [[/Sydney William Maguire|Maguire, Sydney William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNDF-L85] - 1903(WA)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 2XY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Paddington, 1935-1936; North Bondi, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 933, 1926; AOLCP 74, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Rose Bay, 1930-1934; Glenmore, 1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Maroubra North, 1943); inspector (Maroubra North, 1949; Kingsford, 1954-1958)

===''MAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Mahon|Mahon, Hugh]] - 1857(Ire)-1931(Vic) - senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1904)

===''MALCOLM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Graham Malcolm|Malcolm, Keith Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8F-K5W] - 1949(Eng)-2011(NSW) - Licences: 3ZYK Melbourne (North Clayton, 1969; Mulgrave, 1975; Berwick, 1980); 1???; 2??? - Qualifications: AOLCP 2407, 1967 - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC); Communications Laboratory DoC (Director) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayton, Vic, 1972; Mulgrave, 1977; Berwick, 1980)
===''MALONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Joseph Malone|Malone, James Joseph &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWL8-8DP] - 1883(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 240, 1916 - employment (NSW P&amp;T, Telegraph Messenger; PMGD, Cadet Engineer, Controller Wireless; OTC, Manager); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Clayfield, Qld, 1917-1925; Kew, Vic, 1926-1928); chief inspector wireless (Kew, Vic, 1931-1937); Deputy Director, Posts and Telegraphs (Indooroopilly, 1943); public servant (Lindfield, NSW, 1949-1963) - Links: [[w:James Joseph Malone|Wikipedia]];  [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_05_30#P.109_-_Commonwealth_Controller_of_Wireless|Bio]]
===''MALPAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth John Malpas|Malpas, Kenneth John &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MGC2-BNN] - 1909(SA)-1929(SA) - Licences: 5XG Kadina (1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 313, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''MANGNALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Hartley Mangnall|Mangnall, Robert Hartley Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MD-3L2] - 1903(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3?? Melbourne (Carlton, 1927); 3HB Melbourne (Highett, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 350, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Carlton, 1936); engineer (Sandringham, 1942-1963)
===''MANIFOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Charles Manifold|Manifold, Edwin Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXMR-BFZ] - 1908(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: 3EM Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1933; McKinnon, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 647, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Malvern, 1931-1934; Bentleigh, 1936-1980)
===''MANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Mann|Mann, John Edward &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JY-STV] - 1912(SA)-1941(off Libyan coast) - Licences: 5EM Semaphore (1934-1938); 3IE Westmere (1938); 3IE Ballarat (1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1304, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAN, telegraphist) - Relationships: Son of Thomas William Mann - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1675471 AWM]; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10278775 AWM] - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; 
* [[/Sydney George Mann|Mann, Sydney George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DP-V1C] - 1908(Eng)-1977(Eng) - Licences: 3KY Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1931; Hampton, 1937-1939, 1946-1954; East Brighton, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 594, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Sergeant) - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Glenhuntly, 1931); mechanic (Sandringham, 1936-1937); shopkeeper (Woodend, 1942); mechanic (Hampton, 1949-1954); sales (Carnegie, 1963); salesman (St Kilda, 1967)
* [[/Thomas William Mann|Mann, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLZ-2S3] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: Father of 5EM-3IE John Edward Mann- Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MANNING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Athol John Roland Manning|Manning, Athol John Roland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G69L-G2L] - 1916(Tas)-2005(Tas) - Licences: 7LR Devonport (1934-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1367, 1934, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Devonport, 1949-1954) 
* [[/Clifton Joseph Manning|Manning, Clifton Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G893-WW6] - 1909(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3CJ Melbourne (Ringwood, 1927; Elwood, 1931-1937; Eltham, 1938-1939; Balwyn, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1948; Beaumaris, 1954-1960); 3CJ Orbost (1965); 3CJ Marlo (1969-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 338, 1927, No. ?? in Vic; 1COCP 877, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (St Kilda, 1931-1936; Canterbury, 1943; Templestowe, 1949; Sandringham, 1954-1963); farmer (Orbost, 1967-1968); retired (Marlo, 1972-1977; Lang Lang, 1980)
===''MANSFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. D. Mansfield|Mansfield, H. D.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XZQ Burnie (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MANTLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Thomas Mantle|Mantle, Joseph Patrick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX84-DP9] - 1913(Qld)-1976(Fiji) - Licences: 4XF Brisbane (Ascot, 1933-1939); 4XF Townsville (Hermit Park, 1947-1948); 4XF Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1960); 3AEN Bendigo (1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1146, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 1083, 1947 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: projectionist (Ascot, Qld, 1936); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1949); business manager (New Farm, Qld, 1954); manager (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); sales manager (Warwick, Qld, 1963); no occupation (Townsville, Qld, 1963); sales executive (Petersham, NSW, 1972)
===''MANUEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Thomas Manuel|Manuel, Robert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KF5S-3R5] - 1910(SA)-2003(SA) - Licences: 5RT Adelaide (Prospect, 1932-1939, 1947-1960; Beefacres, 1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1052, 1932, SA; BOCP 1310, 1953; 2COCP 1279, 1953; 1COCP 1688, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARCONI''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi|Marconi, Guglielmo Giovanni Maria]] - 1874(Italy)-1937(Italy) - Inventor, electrical engineer, entrepreneur, businessman; pioneer of long distance radio transmission, widely credited as the inventor of radio; shared 1909 Nobel prize for physics for contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy 
===''MARCUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eugen Gerald Marcuse|Marcuse, Eugen Gerald &quot;Gerald&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9C3M-X1G] - 1886(Eng)-1961(Eng) - Licences: G2NM England - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer

===''MARKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Sydney Marks|Marks, Joseph Sydney or Sydney Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQG4-X1G] - 1885(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Receive Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922); 2GR Sydney (Rose Bay, 1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio trader (Electricity House, Marks' Radio Company); electrician; police officer; sued by 2BL for non-payment of fees in 1924 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rose Bay, 1930-1949)

===''MARLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric William Marley|Marley, Cedric William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVF2-DJ4] - 1918(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4CJ Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1938-1939; Graceville, 1947; Kalinga, 1948); 4CJ Rockhampton (1954-1956); 4CJ South Mackay (1960); 9CJ Port Moresby (1965); Brisbane (Mt Gravatt, 1969-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2079, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ); broadcast technician (PMG, ABC); WW2 (RAN, telegraphist); federal public servant (PMG, ABC) - Electoral Rolls: technician (Kalinga, Qld, 1949; Rockhampton, Qld, 1954); broadcast technician (Mackay, Qld, 1958; Bucasia, Mackay, Qld, 1958; Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''MARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles William Clanan Marr|Marr, Charles William Clanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9M8V-QQM] - 1880(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: MHR (Forrest, 1929); director (Crows Nest, NSW, 1933); company director (Wollstonecraft, 1933-1935); director (Crows Nest, 1935); company director (Pymble, 1937-1943; Killara, 1943-1949; Pymble, 1954-1958)

===''MARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Burton Mars|Mars, Ernest Burton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VJ-GWR] - 1907(SA)-1987(Qld) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Unley, 1923-1924); 4EM Charleville (1930-1933); 2EM Dubbo (1934-1936); 4EM Charleville (1937-1939, 1946-1947); 2GE Moree (1948); 4EM Emerald (1954-1955); 4EM Charleville (1956); 4EM Longreach (1960); 4EM Currumbin (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 686, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 23, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Dubbo, 1935); bank official (Charleville, 1937-1943; Wagga Wagga, 1949); bank clerk (Moree, 1949); bank manager (Commonwealth Bank Emerald, 1954; Commonwealth Bank, Charleville, 1958; Longreach, 1963); retired (Currumbin, 1968; Palm Beach, Qld, 1977-1980) - established 4VL Charleville commercial

===''MARSDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Marsden|Marsden, Robert Cecil &quot;Cecil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G92N-W62] - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Sydney, 1909; 2JM Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922); 2JM Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1923-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1925-1926; Edgecliff, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIA NSW, local NSW clubs) - Relationships: Father of 2VV-2FV Robert Morris Marsden - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Woolahra, 1930; Epping, 1930-1958); manager (Castlecrag, 1958-1968)
* [[/Robert Morris Marsden|Marsden, Robert Morris]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX1-VPG] - 1916(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2VV Sydney (Kingsford, 1958-1969); 2FV Tuross Heads (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 226, 1956; AOCP 3627, 1957, NSW - amateur operator; WW2 (RAAF) - Relationships: Son of 2JM Robert Cecil Marsden - Electoral Rolls: taxi proprietor (Bondi Beach, 1949; Kingsford, 1958-1972); retired (Tuross Heads, 1972-1980)
===''MARSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Westport Marsh|Marsh, Sydney or Sidney Westport]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LFLN-PKM] - 1889(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2ZK West Wallsend (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ladysmith, 1913); fitter (West Wallsend, 1930-1937)
===''MARSHALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archie Francis Marshall|Marshall, Archie Francis &quot;Arch&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37M-W83] - 1907(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4AF Clifton (1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 438, 1928, No. 48 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business proprietor (blacksmith, fitter/turner) - Electoral Rolls: blacksmith (Clifton, 1930-1980)
* [[/Herbert Anthony Marshall|Marshall, Herbert Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJR-P3P] - 1888(India)-1948(NSW) - Licences: unlicensed?, Port Pirie, 1910; 2HM Armidale (1924-1926); 2HM Sydney (Bondi, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 115, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 48, 1931 - Comment: proud of his initials &quot;H.A.M.&quot;, early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Relationships: his daughter Denise Chalmers Marshall frequently on air over 2HM - TroveTag: &quot;2HM - Herbert Anthony Marshall&quot; - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Bondi, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1934-1943)
* [[/Mary Austine Marshall|Henry nee Marshall, Mary Austine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X2-GR6] - 1913(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3YL Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1930-1939, 1946-1956; East Malvern, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 619, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Oakleigh, 1936-1937); no occupation (Oakleigh, 1942-1954); home duties (Oakleigh, 1958-1980) - Links: [https://dokufunk.org/amateur_radio/contributions/index.php?CID=13532&amp;ID=13600 Dokufunk]
* [[/Vaughan Edward Marshall|Marshall, Vaughan Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86T-KNY] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3UK Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930-1933; Kew, 1937-1939, 1946-1969; Mt Eliza, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 603, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales (Kew, 1936); tea specialist (Kew, 1937-1968); retired (Mt Eliza, 1977-1980)

===''MARSLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Benjamin Bruce Marsland|Marsland, Benjamin Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-X47] - 1906(Qld)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 4DX Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928); teller (Normanton, Qld, 1930); bank clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1931; Malanda, Qld, 1932); no occupation (Annerley, Qld, 1943)

===''MARSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Thomas Marston|Marston, James Thomas &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKDX-19C] - 1920(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4JA Brisbane (Belmont, 1948; Morningside, 1954); 4JA Toowoomba (1955-1956); 4JA Brisbane (Boondall, 1960-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2655, 1948, Qld - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: sheet metal worker (Buranda, Qld, 1943); engineer (Toowoomba South, Qld, 1958); technician (Boondall, Qld, 1963-1972)
* [[/W. L. Marston|Marston, W. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RY Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MARTIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Frederick Martin|Martin, James Frederick]] - 1909(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3MJ Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1927-1933); 3JM Melbourne (North Fitzroy, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 340, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clifton Hill, 1936); traveller (North Fitzroy, 1949; Heidelberg, 1954-1963); sales director (Doncaster, 1967); sales (Noble Park, 1972)
* [[/John Michael Martin|Martin, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX79-GWZ] - 1886(Irl)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 146, 1915; 1COCP 58, 1935 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Comment: several contemporaneous JMMs - Electoral Rolls: Ancestry 299 hits  too be sifted
* [[/John Robert Martin|Martin, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWFG-HMM] - 1919(Qld)-2011(Qld) - Licences: 4MX Cunnamulla (1937-1939); 4MX Toowoomba (1946-1954); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1955-1960); 4MX Julia Creek (1965-1969); 4MX Finch Hatton (1975); 4MX Brisbane (Gaythorne, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1933, 1937, Qld; BOCP 147, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); business proprietor (radio service); Presbyterian minister - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Toowoomba, Qld, 1949-1954); radio technician (Gaythorne, Qld, 1958; Kingaroy, Qld, 1963); missionary (Blackall, Qld, 1972; Gaythorne, Qld, 1972); minister of religion (Enoggera, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Malcolm Martin|Martin, Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-PG7] - 1903(UK)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4KY Ipswich (1933-1939); 4KY Brisbane (Sandgate, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1110, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: carriage trimmer (Woodend, Qld, 1925-1937; Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Silas Martin|Martin, Silas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXMT-6WS] - 1874(NSW)-1945(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIR Rockhampton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Perth, 1903-1906; East Perth, 1912-1914); mechanic (Rockhampton, 1917-1921); radio mechanic (Cooktown, 1925; Beam Wireless Station, Ballan, 1928-1943); mechanic (Marrickville, NSW, 1943)
* [[/Walter J. Martin|Martin, Walter J.]] - 1893(Vic)-19??(???) - commercial operator (1COCP 1, 1914, No. 1 in Aus and Vic, Marconi &amp; Telefunken) - coastal station operator?
* [[/William Anthony Martin|Martin, William Anthony]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-KPZ] - 1911(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WM Hobart (West Hobart, 1929-1931); 7WM Gawler (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 497, 1929, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 70, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous William Anthony Martin's

===''MASHMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Wilfred Mashman|Mashman, Lionel Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6K-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2OB Receive Sydney (Bexley, 1923-1924), 2OB Sydney (Bexley, 1925-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 84, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''MASTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Harold Masters|Masters, Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPY] - 1875(Vic)-1951(Tas) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed); vice president WIA Launceston 1920s; later prominent architect - Relationships: brother of 7MM William Edward Masters - Electoral Rolls: architect (Launceston, 1928-1949)
* [[/Brian Jermyn Masters|Masters, Brian Jermyn &quot;Jermyn&quot;]] - 1891(Vic)-1950(NZ) - 3LM Receive Melbourne (Armadale, 1923), 3LM Melbourne (Armadale, 1924-1925), amateur operator (pre-AOCP; no record found of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, operated his station both individually and on behalf WIA Malvern
* [[/William Edward Masters|Masters, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99GB-CPW] - 1873(Vic)-1952(Tas) - Licences: 7MM Hobart (Bellerive 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1066, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; solicitor - Relationships: brother of Alfred Harold &quot;Harold&quot; Masters - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Bellerive, 1914-1949) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27111852 Obituary]

===''MATCHETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Kenneth Lyle Matchett|Matchett, John Kenneth Lyle &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS1L-SCZ] - 1921(Vic)-2008(Vic) - Licences: 3TL Melbourne (Box Hill, 1960; Templestowe, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3700, 1958, Vic - amateur operator, WW2, member Old Timer's Club - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949); teacher (Bayswater, 1954); lecturer (Templestowe, 1963-1980) - curator of the WIA QSL card collection for many years; personally acquired a large collection of Australian amateur QSL cards which were donated to the WIA collection on his passing, many thousands of QSLs provided by Wolf Harranth of Dokufunk on an exchange basis
===''MATHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Stewart Mather|Mather, Alexander Stewart &quot;Alex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHTL-WWC] - 1909(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2JZ Singleton (1929-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 479, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 89, 1932; TVOCP 273, 1960 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cordial manufacturer (Singleton, 1930-1968)
===''MATHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Campion Mathews|Mathews, John Campion]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-46V] - 1912(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3SY Geelong (Newtown, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+); 3JM Portable Geelong (Newtown, 1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 709, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Newtown, 1934-1968); operator (Newtown, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Mathews|Mathews, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G82Z-KX2] - 1914(Qld)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4EE Rockhampton (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1414, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MATTHEWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fred Thomas Matthews|Matthews, Fred or Frederick Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-22K] - 1904(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4FK Brisbane (New Farm, 1923-1928) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); business proprietor (Matthews Fire Alarm Co) - Awards: OBE - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Merthyr, 1925-1958); engineer (New Farm, 1963-1980)
* [[/John Leigh Inglis Matthews|Matthews, John Leigh Inglis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKN-159] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XJD Melbourne (Richmond, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Richmond, 1913-1919)
* [[/Kenneth Morgan Matthews|Matthews, Kenneth Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPM-R2W] - 1911(SA)-2009(SA)98yo - Licences: 5GN Adelaide (Malvern, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1732, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Malvern, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941-1943) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/551921 VWMA]
* [[/V. J. Matthews|Matthews, V. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AQ Perth (Bayswater, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Stott's College (Principal, early 1920s) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified, WA till about 1925, Victoria late 1920s
* [[/Walter John Penrose Matthews|Matthews, Walter John Penrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5TS-HZN] - 1880(SA)-1964(SA) - Licences: 5BS Receive Murray Bridge (1922); Receive Murray Bridge (1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: lifter SA Railways (Tailem Bend, SA, 1939-1943)

===''MAUGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Mauger|Mauger, Samuel &quot;Sam&quot;]] - 1857(Vic)-1936(Vic) - state politician, senior federal politician (Postmaster-General 1908)
===''MAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Hamilton Maughan|Maughan, Frederick Hamilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZQ4-BJW] - 1903(WA)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3HH Receive Melbourne (Malvern, 1922); 3HH Melbourne (Malvern, 1923-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 14, 1924, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 82, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Malvern East, 1925-1954)

===''MAWSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Mawson|Mawson, Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3H-42N] - 1882(Eng)-1958(SA) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - Head Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914) - Electoral Rolls: [[w:Douglas Mawson|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mawson-sir-douglas-7531 ADB]
* [[/Ernest Richard Mawson|Mawson, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2W9T-NJN] - 1861(NSW)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 2DH Sydney (Campsie, 1922-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Parramatta, 1903); no occupation (Dee Why, 1930-1933; Harbord, 1934-1936; Manly, 1937-1943)

===''MAXWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Alston Maxwell|Maxwell, Ronald Alston]] - 1908(NSW)-1950(NSW) - Licences: 2KS Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 656, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: metal worker (Randwick, 1933; Liverpool, 1934-1935; Croydon, 1936-1937); clerk (Caringbah, 1949)

===''MAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank May|May, Frank]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-CXP] - 1878(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 6FM Dwellingup (1929-1931); 6FM Gnowangerup (1933); 6FM Esperance (1937-1939) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 139, 1915; AOCP 560, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: stationmaster (Gnowangerup, 1931; Esperance, 1936-1937; Armadale, 1943; Collie, 1949)
===''MAYGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Hubert Mayger|Mayger, Neil Hubert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F7-J2D] - 1890(Vic)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1930); sales (Darlinghurst, 1937); salesman (East Sydney, 1937); Sales (Darlinghurst, 1943)

===''MCATEER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McAteer|McAteer, Brother Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKT-JWB] - 1881(NZ)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Receive Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1923); 5AQ Sacred Heart College Glenelg (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCAULEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Money McAuley|McAuley, William John Money &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRKH-Z5Y] - 1909(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3WM Melbourne (Brunswick, 1925-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 221, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: jackaroo (Nyngan, 1930); grazier (Womboota, 1937-1943)

===''MCBRIDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander James McBride|McBride, Alexander James]] - 1914(Qld)-1993(Qld) - 4BR Brisbane (Wilston, 1939, 1947-1969), amateur operator (AOCP 2320, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), business (radio repair)

===''MCCABE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Bernard McCabe|McCabe, William Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ1C-FN2] - 1864(Irl)-1938(WA) - Licences: 7AQ Clarence Point (1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gardener (St Kilda, Vic, 1912; Balaclava, 1913-1914; Elsternwick, 1915-1921; Caulfield, 1924); orchardist (Clarence Point, 1922-1928); civil engineer (Nedlands, WA, 1937)
===''MCCALMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Colin McCalman|McCalman, Maxwell Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-V77] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 3KX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927), amateur operator (AOCP 142, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, musician (1934), engineer (1943-1963)
===''MCCANDLISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack McCandlish|McCandlish, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-TJC] - 1915(Eng)-1943(Ins) - Licences: 3HN Sea Lake (1935-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1468, 1935, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, WW2 (Army, M Special Unit, Sergeant, Commando, 1943) - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Sea Lake, 1937-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1685215]
===''MCCARTHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Keith McCarthy|McCarthy, John Keith &quot;Keith / Macca&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1998(Qld) - 3FX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1932-1933), 2IM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1934), 2VM Sydney (Lane Cove, 1935), 3FX Melbourne (Hampton, 1937; Ascot Vale, 1938-1939; City, 1946-1947; Templestowe, 1954-1956), 9AR On board yacht Pandemonium (1969),  P29AR/MM On board yacht Pandemonium (1975), 4DU Beenleigh (1980), 4PY Surfers Paradise (1980), amateur operator (AOCP 1036, 1932, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, state public servant (Vic Railways, telegraphist), military (RAAF, DFC, AFM, AE)
===''MCCULLAGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Austral McCullagh|McCullagh, Alexander Austral]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNN-V7Y] - 1897(Qld)-1981(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Home Hill, 1923); 2RR Sydney (Balgowlah, 1965-1969); 9NI Norfolk Island (1975) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 2977, 1959; AOLCP 754, 1959; AOCP 4229, 1964, Qld - amateur receiver; amateur operator; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Sandgate, Qld, 1919); chemist (Inkerman Mill, Qld, 1922); engineer (Bondi North, NSW, 1930; Abbotsford, NSW, 1932-1933; Edgecliff, NSW, 1933; Burwood, NSW, 1934-1936); manager (Balgowlah, NSW, 1949-1963); retired (Green Point, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''MCCULLOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Robert McCulloch|McCulloch, George Robert]] - 1907(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3XM Receive Ballarat (1923-1924), 3GM Ballarat (1925-1939, 1946-1965+), amateur operator (AOCP 198, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio engineer (Ballarat, 1931-1968)

===''MCDERMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Westall McDermott|McDermott, James Westall &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-PY2] - 1913(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4JM Brisbane (1930) &amp; Nambour (1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 711, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Relationships: brother of 4RM Robert Ernest McDermott; son of 4WP Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, Qld, 1936-1949); radio engineer (Nambour, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Robert Ernest McDermott|McDermott, Robert Ernest &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW8-QJ5]  - 1917(Qld)-2006(Qld) - Licences: 4RM Nambour (1938-1939); 4RM Brisbane (Ekibin, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2223, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Sunshine Coast ARC); military (WW2, AIF); business proprietor (radio/TV retail, Ekibin) - Relationships: brother of James Westall McDermott; son of Westall Samuel McDermott - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Nambour, 1943; Ekibin, 1949-1968); TV engineer (Tewantin, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Westall Samuel McDermott|McDermott, Westall Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37P-2SQ] - 1889(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4WP Nambour (1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2087, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of James Westall McDermott &amp; Robert Ernest McDermott - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Hendon, Qld, 1916-1917; Sandgate, Qld, 1921; Glen Eagle, Qld, 1925-1928; Rosemount, Qld, 1934; Nambour, Qld, 1937-1958); retired (Nambour, Qld, 1963)

===''MCDONALD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
SEE ALSO MACDONALD
* [[/Arthur Stephen McDonald|McDonald, Arthur Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G36J-ZLJ] - 1891(Vic)-1955(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 700, 1922 - broadcast engineer (PMGD, RANRS, AWA); professional society administrator (IEA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1913; St Kilda, Vic, 1916-1924; Vaucluse, NSW, 1930-1934); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1934-1936); engineer (Edgecliff, 1943; Double Bay, 1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdonald-arthur-stephen-7333 ADB]; [https://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P001299b.htm Bright Sparks]
* [[/Colin McDonald|McDonald, Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-SCG] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Rockhampton (1935-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1440, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rockhampton, Qld, 1932-1958); accountant (Rockhampton, Qld, 1968-1972)
* [[/Donald McDonald|McDonald, Donald &quot;Don&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)?
* [[/Donald Munro McDonald|McDonald, Donald Munro]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Yarraville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Comment: Several contemporaneous DMMs
* [[/John McDonald|McDonald, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-WJR] - 1894(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 137, 1915; CPRT 190, 1916 (replacement?) - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous JMcD - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified; Ancestry.com 1000s of hits to be sifted
* [[/Wilfred Neville McDonald|McDonald, Wilfred Neville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX67-DB1] - 1914(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZT Sydney (Parramatta, 1935-1936); 4ZT Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1937; New Farm, 1938-1939; Annerley, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1412, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Granville, NSW, 1936); radio engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1937); radio mechanic (Ashgrove, Qld, 1943); radio technician (Annerley, Qld, 1949); electrical engineer (Tennyson, Qld, 1954-1963); manager (Burleigh Heads, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''MCDONOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Richard McDonough|McDonough, Ernest Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQX-NXY] - 1875(Wales)-1941(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920) - Electoral Rolls: Royal Navy (Newport, Vic, 1914-1915); Royal Australian Navy (Yarraville, Vic, 1917-1919); hotel proprietor (West Maitland, 1930-1935); retired (Wickham, 1937)

===''MCDOWALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valentine McDowall|McDowall, Valentine &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M14R-SPG] - 1881(Qld)-1957(Qld) - 4CN Receive Brisbane (1922); 4CM Brisbane (City, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radiographer; WW2 - 4CM operator primarily Thomas Murray Browse Elliott after about 1925 - Electoral Rolls: medical practitioner (Laidley, 1906-1914; Clayfield, 1919; Ascot, 1934-1954) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mcdowall-valentine-7349 ADB]
===''MCDOWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edward Daniel McDowell|McDowell, John Edward Daniel or John Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX86-J52] - 1914(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Ascot, 1937-1939); 4CX Gladstone (1947-1965); 4CX Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1873, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Ascot, Qld, 1937); chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1943-1949); industrial chemist (Gladstone, Qld, 1954-1963); chemistry instructor (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1968-1977)

===''MCELWEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Johnston McElwee|McElwee, George Johnston]] - 1879(Tas)-1981(Tas) - involved with Launceston Radio Clubs searching for the roar

===''MCGARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lloyd Ignatius McGarry|McGarry, Lloyd Ignatius]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GT-4PR] - 1919(NSW)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4XY Roma (1937-1939); 4XY Rockhampton (1947); 4XY Brisbane (Taringa, 1948; Coorparoo, 1954-1956); 2ALM Sydney (Lakemba, 1960-1965); 1AM Canberra (Macquarie, 1969-1975); 4ALL Brisbane (Kingston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1943, 1937, Qld; BOCP 139, 1937; 2COCP 607, 1942; 1COCP 1026, 1946 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4GR, 4ZR); military (RAAF, WW2, mobile wireless, post WW2 Naval Intelligence); federal public servant (PMGD); scientist (Ionospheric Prediction Service) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Deagon, Qld, 1949); public servant (Coorparoo, Qld, 1954-1958; Townsville, Qld, 1958)

===''MCGAURAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Duncan James Macfarlane McGauran|McGauran, Duncan James Macfarlane]] - 1849(NZ)-1889(NSW) - radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria, member; Society of Telegraph Engineers, London, member), employment (Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs; WA Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendant Telegraphs; NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs), patents in Quadraplex Telegraphy, father of Duncan James McGauran (telegraphist, accountant, inventor of a telephone meter)

===''MCGEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Carney Mitchell McGee|McGee, Carney Mitchell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-9LF] - 1910(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 5LX Adelaide (Mile End, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 676, 1930, No. ?? in SA; 2COCP 52, 1936; 1COCP 210, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (North Unley, SA, 1939); assistant radio inspector (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1943); radio inspector (Kensington, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Como, 1980)
===''MCGEOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Samuel McGeoch|McGeoch, William Leslie Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVNY-SDX] - 1912(WA)-2007(WA) - Licences: 6WL Brookton (1935-1939, 1947-1956); 6WL Bunbury (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1442, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Brookton, WA, 1936-1943); radio service (Brookton, WA, 1958); electrician (Carey Park, WA, 1968-1980)

===''MCGOWAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Walker McGowan|McGowan, Samuel Walker]] - 1829(Irl)-1887(Vic) - Vic Posts and Telegraphs (Superintendent Telegraphs), successfully tendered for the first Australian electric telegraph 1854 (Melbourne to Williamstown) then appointed to the public service to operate and maintain it, radio clubs (Telegraph Electrical Society, Victoria)

===''MCGRATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Philip McGrath|McGrath, Edward Philip &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW87-9K5] - 1906(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5MO Adelaide (Parkside, 1933-1939; West Mitcham, 1947-1965; Aldgate, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1175, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Parkside, SA, 1939)
* [[/Francis Thomas McGrath|McGrath, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXM1-HRN] - 1891(Tas)-1937(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 87, 1915; 1COCP 45, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Moonah, Tas, 1919); wireless operator (Thursday Island, 1922); engineer (Eagle Junction, 1925); telegraphist (South Yarra, 1926-1927); supervisor (Caulfield, Vic, 1928-1934; Camberwell, Vic, 1936)

===''MCGREGOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Aenas McGregor|McGregor, Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WT] - 1865(Vic)-1937(Vic) - Licences: XJEA Melbourne (Armadale, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: father of 3ZE Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Armadale, 1919; Toorak, 1928-1936)
* [[/Keith Wilfred Aeneas McGregor|McGregor, Keith Wilfred Aeneas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDV-2WQ] - 1903(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ZE Melbourne (Armadale, 1923-1924; Toorak, 1925) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 52, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XJEA Aeneas McGregor - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Toorak, 1925-1928)

===''MCGUIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Patrick Holman McGuire|McGuire, Leo Patrick Holman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HK-B2T] - 1906(NSW)-2001(WA) - Licences: 3KM Myrtleford (1929-1937); 3KM Corryong (1938-1939); 6MG Manjimup (1947-1969); 6MG Perth (Thornlie (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 488, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: biograph operator (Wangaratta, 1928); picture proprietor (Albury, 1931); postal employee (Myrtleford, 1936-1937); postal clerk (Mt Magnet, 1943; Manjimup, 1949); radio mechanic (Manjimup, 1954-1972); retired (Thornlie, 1977-1980)
===''MCHUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Charles McHugh|McHugh, William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-V5Z] - 1914(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6KA or 6KD Perth (Guildford, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1766, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Guildford, WA, 1936-1943); radio mechanic (Belmont, WA, 1949; North Perth, WA, 1954); mechanic (Cottesloe, WA, 1954; Mt Pleasant, WA, 1963-1972)

===''MCINTOSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley John James McIntosh|McIntosh, Stanley John James &quot;Stan&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-C5P] - 1913(Qld)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4PK Ipswich (Woodend, 1931-1939); 4PK Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 730, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (workshop foreman); business proprietor (electrical engineering) - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Woodend, Qld, 1934-1937; Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1972)

===''MCINTYRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel George McIntyre|McIntyre, Daniel George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTNG-PHV] - 1901(???)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2VX Receive Sydney (Pymble, 1923); 2VX Sydney (Pymble, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Strathfield, 1930-1958); radio retailer (Pymble, 1963)

===''MCKENZIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander John McKenzie|McKenzie, Alexander John]] - 1905(???)-19??(???) - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''MCKEOWN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* McKenzie, Florence Violet  (married name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)
* [[/Allan McIllroy McKeown|McKeown, Allan McIllroy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L69J-SFC] - 1904(Vic)-1983(Vic) - Licences: 3YZ Melbourne (Alphington, 1924-1927); 3YZ Geelong (1931); 3YZ Melbourne (Northcote, 1933-1939, 1946-1969); 3YZ Ocean Grove (1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 51, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 42, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1936-1954; Alphington, 1968); nil (Ocean Grove, 1972-1977)
===''MCKINLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Harold McKinley|McKinley, Norman Harold &quot;Shorty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWGP-TLC] - 1913(???)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 969, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Milton, Qld, 1949-1972); driver (Paddington, Qld, 1980)

===''MCLAUCHLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles David McLauchlan|McLauchlan, Charles David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYL6-PYY] - 1876(Vic)-1943(Vic) - 6BW Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923), 6BW Perth (Victoria Park, 1924-1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Eucla, 1906; Perth, 1910-1916), telegraph engineer (Victoria Park, 1925), superintendent telegraphs (South Yarra, 1931; Camberwell, 1937-1943)

===''MCLEAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stewart Campbell McLean|McLean, Stewart Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86G-PMR] - 1910(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3GK Melbourne (Yarraville, 1930-1933; Brunswick, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; Caulfield, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 601, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 65, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Yarraville, 1931-1936); nil (Elsternwick, 1954); engineer (Caulfield, 1958-1980)

===''MCLENNAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth McLennan|McLennan, Kenneth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9H-B4N] - 1892(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 124, 1915; 2COCP 185, 1930; 1COCP 238, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIG Port Moresby (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous KMcLs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MCLEOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander McLeod|McLeod, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMKJ-L25] - 1972(Vic)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4CF Receive Brisbane (Red Hill, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: confectioner (Red Hill, 1903-1905); pastrycook (Red Hill, 1908-1926; Mt Bruce, 1929-1943)
* [[/Gordon Stuart McLeod|McLeod, Gordon Stuart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-38Y] - 1912(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 3ZZ Geelong (West Geelong, 1930-1931; Newtown, 1933; Crib Point, 1937; Wallington, 1938); 2ADC Sydney (Sans Souci, 1939; Hurstville, 1946-1947; Beverley Hills, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 707, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: RAN (Crib Point, Viv, 1937); petty officer RAN (Hurstville, 1943); clerk (Beverly Hills, 1949-1963)
* [[/Norman McLeod|McLeod, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G86P-8F2] - 1901(Vic)-1995(Vic) - Licences: 3NM Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 602, 19??, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Caulfield, 1937-1968)

===''MCLOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. C. McLoughlin|McLoughlin, E. C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5KJ Port Lincoln (1928-1929) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MCMAHON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Hanney McMahon|McMahon, Leo Hanney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXD8-XQH] - 1914(Qld)-1992(NSW) - 4LM Brisbane (Toombul, 1933-1938); 2ALM Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1939); 2AC Sydney (Kingsford, 1946-1950; Randwick, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1104, 1933, Qld) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, AMC); occupation (doctor) - Electoral Rolls: student (Camperdown, NSW, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Kingsford, NSW, 1949; Randwick, NSW, 1954-1980)

===''MCMASTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John McMaster|McMaster, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - commissioner, Royal Commission Wireless 1927 - Electoral Rolls:

===''MCMATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Joseph McMath|McMath, John Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KG-ZK2] - 1910(Vic)-1999(Vic) - Licences: 3JJ Melbourne (Albert Park, 1927-1939; South Melbourne, 1946-1960; Elwood, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 351, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Albert Park, 1931-1937); manager (St Kilda, 1949-1954); retired (Brighton, 1963-1968; Black Rock, 1972-1977)

===''MCMURTRIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Adam McMurtrie|McMurtrie, Sydney Adam or Adam Sydney &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBQM-DQW] - 1908(NSW)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4JR Booval (1929-1933); 2AFX Lismore (1937-1939); 4KT Gympie (1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 491, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Gympie, 1936); radio salesman (Lismore, 1937); telephone mechanic (Gympie, 1943-1980)
===''MCNALTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph McNalty|McNalty, Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXXW-67M] - 1901(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DZ Receive Toowoomba (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (East Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Mackay, Qld, 1930-1943); public servant (Fairfield, Qld, 1949); clerk (Toowong, Qld, 1954); telegraphist (St Lucia, Qld, 1958)

===''MCNICOL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Edgar McNicol|McNicol, Robert William Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8D-6NN] - 1917(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4WM Brisbane (Teneriffe, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1680, 1936, Qld; BOCP 57, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Teneriffe, Qld, 1943); university lecturer (Tarragindi, Qld, 1954-1972)

===''MCPHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Thomas McPherson|McPherson, Colin Thomas or Thomas Collins]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-HST] - 1897(Vic)-1951(Vic) - Licences: 3LU Melbourne (Footscray, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 523, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: student (Footscray, 1919); storeman (Footscray, 1922-1942)
* [[/Murdoch John McPherson|McPherson, Murdoch or Murdock John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/27D9-9TB] - 1904(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4MC Merinda (1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 916, 1926; 2COCP 58, 1929; 1COCP 161, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Merinda, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1929); clerk (Mt Coolah, NSW, 1968)

===''MEAD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Mead|Mead, Jack]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFM3-ZSH] - 1915(WA)-2009(WA) - Licences: 6LJ Perth (East Victoria Park, 1931-1939; Wembley, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 803, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 168, 1934; 1COCP 289, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Victoria Park, WA, 1937); mechanic (Wembley, WA, 1943-1980)
* [[/Jordan Arthur Mead|Mead, Jordan Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTJF-1KH] - 1907(NSW)-1993(NSW) - Receive Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1924), 2JA Sydney (Ashfield, 1925-1928), 2JA Byron Bay (1929-1930), 2AJA Sydney (Ashfield, 1946; Bexley, 1947-1957), 2JM Sydney (Bexley, 1958-1980), qualifications (AOCP 212, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: telephone mechanic (Byron Bay, 1930; Ashfield, 1931-1943), power technician (Bexley, 1949-1968), electrical field officer (Bexley, 1972-1980)

===''MEADOWS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Cecil Meadows|Meadows, Robert Cecil]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH2-ZRK] - 1907(Eng)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 4RM Mackay (1932-1939);  2ARM Sydney (Kirribilli, 1946-1948); 2IN Sydney (Rhodes, 1956-1958; Chiswick, 1960; Long Jetty, 1961; Killarney Vale, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 879, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF); employment (Pems Radio, Rockhampton); journalist (Minchens Electrical Weekly); WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: reporter (Crows Nest, NSW, 1930); radio mechanic (Bundaberg, Qld, 1931-1932); radiotrician (Mackay, 1934-1937); wireless instructor (Kirribilli, NSW, 1943); manager (Rhodes, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Five Dock, NSW, 1958; Killarney Vale, NSW, 1963)

===''MEDHURST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edgar Edney Medhurst|Medhurst, Edgar Edney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-WFC] - 1902(Tas)-1966(Vic) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Frederick William Medhurst|Medhurst, Frederick William &quot;Pop&quot; (in latter years)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M4GS-R6P] - 1868(Eng)-1969(Tas) 101yo - Licences: XZD Hobart (1913-1914); 7AH Receive Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1923); 7AH Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1924-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter from 1901; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; business (Medhurst &amp; Sons, 1920s) - Relationships: father of  Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst, all in the business and interested in radio
* [[/Harry Frederick Medhurst|Medhurst, Harry Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-QZV] - 1893(Tas)-1963(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Phillip Aubrey Medhurst|Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-DFX] - 1895(Tas)-1969(Tas) - on the staff of Medhurst Electrical which firm dominated wireless in the 1920s - Relationships: son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Rowland Arthur Medhurst
* [[/Rowland Arthur Medhurst|Medhurst, Rowland Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHD6-ZT4] - 1892(Tas)-1969(Tas) - early wireless experimenter, lecturing on wireless 1911, never licensed, likely utilised licence of XZD-7AH (father), son of XZD-7AH Frederick William Medhurst, brother of Edgar Edney Medhurst, Harry Frederick Medhurst, Phillip Aubrey Medhurst
===''MEDLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel James Clifford Medlin|Medlin, Noel James Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MB-743] - 1917(Vic)-2004(Vic) - broadcast planning engineer (ABCB), federal public servant (ABCB), WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gardiner, 1943; St Kilda, 1949; Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Inverloch, 1980) - father of AM directional antennas in Australia

===''MENON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey John Menon|Menon, Geoffrey John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LT4F-3CQ] - 1905(SA)-1969(NSW) - 3OG Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3OG Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1927), 2OG Sydney (Haberfield, 1928; Croydon, 1929-1931), 3OG Melbourne (East Kew, 1933), 2OG Sydney (Northbridge, 1934-1935; Chatswood, 1936-1937; Longueville, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Pymble, 1950; West Pennant Hills, 1954-1965; Arcadia, 1969), amateur operator (AOCP 209, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrician (St Kilda West, 1926-1927), radio engineer (Coburg, 1931), engineer (Kew, 1934), radio engineer (Chatswood, 1937; Longueville, 1943), engineer (Baulkham Hills, 1954-1958; Arcadia, 1968)

===''MERCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie George Merchin|Merchin, Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTLT-SSF] - 1917(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ML Richmond (1934-1939); 4MG Richmond (1948); 4MG Killarney (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1399, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: garage proprietor (Richmond, Qld, 1943-1949); motor mechanic (Killarney, Qld, 1954-1968; Rockhampton North, Qld, 1972-1980)

===''MEREDITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement George Benger Meredith|Meredith, Clement George Benger]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZJD-6S6] - 1885(WA)-1959(USA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 15, 1914 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Windsor, Vic, 1914-1916); officer-in-charge wireless (Geraldton, WA, 1916-1917)
* [[/Llewellyn Lennon Meredith|Meredith, Llewellyn Lennon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD8W-LV7] - 1885(Eng)-1923(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: CPRT 246, 1916 - ship wireless officer, AWA (traffic manager) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: Gone too soon - Links: [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Publications/Radio_in_ANZ/Issues/1923_04_04#P.22_-_Obituary_-_Mr._L._L._Meredith|Obit]]
===''MESSENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percival Albert Messenger|Messenger, Percival Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRP-BS1] - 1892(SA)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 5PM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 70, 1915 (Marconi); CPRT 152, 1915 (Balsillie) - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: manager (Randwick, NSW, 1936; Coogee, NSW, 1943-1958; Randwick, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''MICHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hector Ernest Henderson Michell|Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQNQ-T5H] - 1897(Vic)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 3JP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3JP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1931; Elsternwick, 1933); 3JP Hamilton (1937-1939); 3AEM Hamilton (1960-1969); 3JX Hamilton (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 162, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; operator of 3LR Elsternwick Radio Club (1925); WW1; land officer (Hamilton, 1936) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Balaclava, 1919-1921); draftsman (Caulfield, 1922); land officer (Hamilton, 1936-1980)

===''MILBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Leslie Milburn|Milburn, Henry Leslie &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-8VJ] - 1890(Vic)-1957(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Home Hill (1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Toowong, 1919); electrical engineer (Home Hill, 1922-1925; Stanthorpe, 1934-1949) - Halcyon: not mentioned?

===''MILES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Thomas Miles|Miles, Gilbert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L19Y-X19] - 1904(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7KQ Hobart (Bellerive, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 106, 1933, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Camberwell, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Glen Iris, Vic, 1931); engineer (Elsternwick, 1936); radio engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1943-1972); engineer (Croydon, 1977-1980)
* [[/Harry Raymond Miles|Miles, Harry Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NJ-DQ2] - 1911(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1933); 6XL Wiluna (1937); 6XL Perth (Mt Lawley, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 645, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wiluna Gold Mines, WA, 1936; Mt Beauty, Vic, 1954); poultry farmer (Balga, WA, 1958-1972); farmer (Wanneroo, WA, 1977-1980)

===''MILLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roydon Arthur Milledge|Milledge, Roydon Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMJY-3DW] - 1903(Vic)-1983(Tas) - Licences: 3WT Shepparton (1936-1937); 7WT Hobart (1938-1939); 7WT Ulverstone (1947-1948+); 7WT Hobart (1956-1960+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1693, 1936, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; bank clerk 1931; Civil Engineer 1950s - Electoral Rolls: assistant engineer (State Savings Bank, Auburn, 1927); engineer (Glenhuntley, 1931-1934); civil engineer (Shepparton, 1936)
===''MILLEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Dunlop Millen|Millen, John Dunlop]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC9X-S4W] - 1877(Irl)-1941(Tas) - Licences: Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; senator - Electoral Rolls: mining engineer (Waratah, 1914-1919; Newstead, 1922-1937)
===''MILLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alexander Miller|Miller, Charles Alexander &quot;Charlie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NV-YRR] - 1915(NSW)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4US Brisbane (New Farm, 1933-1936); 2ADE Casino (1935-1939, 1946-1961); 4QM Caloundra (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 1208, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ); part of the &quot;U&quot; gang, military (WW2, RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Casino, 1943-1963); army officer (Ipswich, 1963); retired (Shelley Beach, 1968-1972; Caloundra, 1977-1980)
* [[/Charles Harcourt Miller|Miller, Charles Harcourt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MC-9QY] - 1921(Tas)-2001(Tas) - Licences: 7CM Hobart (Bellerive, 1936-1939; Taroona, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1799, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Bellerive, 1943)
* [[/Francis George Miller|Miller, Francis George &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-LHT] - 1895(SA)-1954(SA) - Licences: 5BF Mt Gambier (1923-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 185, 1925, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 58, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; founder of commercial station 5MU Murray Bridge; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Murray Bridge, 1939-1943) [https://www.qsl.net/vk5br/FrankMiller.pdf Biography]
* [[/Frank Colin Miller|Miller, Frank Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9C-86L] - 1884(Eng)-1953(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 126, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engine operator (Radio Station, Roebourne, 1916-1917); station hand (Marron Station, 1918; Carnarvon, 1921; Mallina, 1922-1925); contractor (Roebourne, 1930-1936; Karratha Station, 1937); labourer (Roebourne, 1943); cook (Wittenoom Gorge, 1949)
* [[/H. Miller|Miller, H.]] - 19??-19?? - 4EH Brisbane (Ascot, 1923-1924); 2EH Sydney (Dulwich Hill, 1925-1928) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Herbert Edward Miller|Miller, Herbert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-XMX] - 1899(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HE Sydney (Belmore, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 932, 1926; 2COCP 329, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Campsie, 1930; Belmore, 1932-1943); miner (Glen Davis, 1943)
* [[/Herbert Leslie Miller|Miller, Herbert Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2Q-7LH] - 1897(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4CA Receive Brisbane (West End, 1922); 4HL Brisbane (Hill End, 1927) - Qualifications: CPRT 330, 1917; 2COCP 329, 1940; 1COCP 483, 1940s; BOCP 370, 1941 - ship wireless officer (RMS Bingera, 1920); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (J. B. Chandler, 1924; Overells, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: wireless officer (West End, 1921); salesman (West End, 1925); manager (Coorparoo, 1928); salesman (Coorparoo, 1937-1954); clerk (Camp Hill, 1958-1963)

===''MILLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hugh Milligan|Milligan, Stanley Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2CB1-L7Y] - 1901(Vic)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 3AU Receive Geelong (1922-1923); 3AU Geelong (1924); 3AU Eaglehawk (1924-1926); 3AU Chilwell (1927-1931); 3AU Geelong (1937-1939); 3AU Melbourne (Surrey Hills, 1947; Auburn, 1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 125, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 164, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Eaglehawk, 1924-1926; Geelong West, 1924); radio mechanic (Chilwell, 1927-1931); watchman (Geelong West, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Hawthorn, 1949); engineer (Canterbury, 1954-1968); nil (Doncaster, 1972)
===''MILLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Griffiths John Mills|Mills, Griffiths John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CK Receive Perth (Subiaco, 1923) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Subiaco, 1929-1931)
* [[/Norman Gibson Mills|Mills, Norman Gibson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9415-SSS] - 1890(Vic)-1959(Qld) - Licences: 4NM Brisbane (Moorooka, 1938-1939, 1947-1956; Margate, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Toowong, Qld, 1919); contractor (Moorooka, Qld, 1921-1954); retired (Margate, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Ralph Mervyn Mills|Mills, Ralph Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JD-GST] - 1909(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MM Sydney (Balmain, 1930-1934; Canterbury, 1935-1936) - Qualifications: AOCP 660, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Balmain, 1931-1937); engineer (Pymble, 1949-1977; West Pymble, 1980)

===''MILNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Brough Milne|Milne, Andrew Brough]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9KXN-QZV] - 1890(South Africa)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Dealer Mackay (1926-1927) - Qualifications: 3COCP 3492, 1961 - dealer licence - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Mackay, 1915-1943); mechanical engineer (North Mackay, 1949-1977)
* [[/John Collicott Milne|Milne, John Collicott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP34-518] - 1903(Tas)-1990(Tas) - Licences: 7AG Gretna (1923-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 604, 1930, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Gretna, 1928-1980)
* [[/James Milner|Milner, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXH-1DM] - 1901(Eng)-1947(Qld) - Licences: 4AK Brisbane (Kelvin Grove, 1923-1927; Ashgrove, 1931-1936); 4AU Brisbane (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 93, 1925, No. 11 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster (prominent from Valley Theatre) - Withdrawal: 4AK amateur callsign withdrawn by the PMGD for allocation to the new 4AK Oakey commercial service - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kelvin Grove, 1925-1926); electrical fitter (Ashgrove, 1928-1943)

===''MINCHIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur W. Minchin|Minchin, Arthur W.]] - 19??-19?? - 4AM Rockhampton - amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (4RO Cmcl), wireless retail business proprietor - seems in error, see William Allan Minchin 
* [[/William Allan Minchin|Minchin, William Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV7Q-86C] - 1893(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 220, 1916; 2COCP 365, 1931; 1COCP 244, 1932 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer operator (Wyndham, 1917); farmer (Toodyay, 1925); radio engineer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943; Lismore, 1949-1954; Hunters Hill, 1958-1968); engineer (Hunters Hill, 1972)

===''MINEHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Minehan|Minehan, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AM Rockhampton (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''MINGAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oswald Francis Mingay|Mingay, Oswald Francis &quot;Ossie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K45G-NZG] - 1895(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2XX Sydney (Turramurra, 1923-1926; Sydney, 1931-1933) -  Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer; journalist; publisher; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Collaroy, 1930); managing editor (Pymble, 1930-1932); radio engineer (Lindfield, 1933-1934); publisher (Lindfield, 1937-1963; St Ives, 1963-1968) - Comment: licensed operator of 2WV Burgin Electric Co. (1923) [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mingay-oswald-francis-ossie-11135 ADB]; [https://www.qsl.net/vk2dym/radio/Mingay.htm MacKinnon]

===''MITCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Theodore Mitchell|Mitchell, Alexander Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNY-CC2] - 1872(???)-1966(Qld) - Licences: Receive Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Red Hill, Qld, 1921; Torwood, Qld, 1922); electrical engineer (Toowoomba, Qld, 1925; Wilston, Qld, 1928-1929; Sandgate, Qld, 1936-1963)
* [[/Harold Benson Mitchell|Mitchell, Harold Benson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-QN7] - 1901(Vic)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 3CZ Receive Melbourne (Elwood, 1922-1923); 3CZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Elwood, 1924-1927); manager (Caulfield, 1937); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1942); manager (Caulfield, 1949); merchant (St Kilda, 1949); manager (St Kilda, 1954)
* Mitchell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; - see Michell, Hector Ernest Henderson &quot;Ernest&quot; (frequent misspelling)
* [[/Stanley John Mitchell|Mitchell, Stanley John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDVS-Q83] - 1887(Vic)-1974(Monaco) - Licences: 3SJ Melbourne (Brighton, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 53, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Toorak, 1912-1916; Brighton, 1919-1928); investor (Brighton, 1936-1937) financier (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''MOFFATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert David Gray Moffatt|Moffatt or Moffat or Gray, Robert David Gray &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8V-PM3] - 1911(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4RD Mackay (1935-1939); 4RD Gracemere (1947-1948); 4RD Mackay (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1549, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Herberton, Qld, 1936; Mackay, Qld, 1937); mechanic in broadcasting (Gracemere, Qld, 1949); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1954-1980)

===''MONEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Dudley Money|Money, Lawrence Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3JD-M9H] - 1907(Vic)-1986(Vic) - 3MY Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1939; Upwey, 1946-1948; Cheltenham, 1954-1969; East Bentleigh, 1975-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 205, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draughtsman (Camberwell, 1931-1934), engineer (Upwey, 1942-1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1967; East Bentleigh, 1972-1980)

===''MONKHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Isaac Monkhouse|Monkhouse, Walter Isaac]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K8ZT-YPN] - 1887(NZL)-1964(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - radio clubs (QWI &amp; WIA Qld, president &amp; lecturer); senior state public servant (Qld Public Works Dept, State Electrical Engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as president WIA Qld)  - Electoral Rolls: telephone instructor (South Brisbane, 1919); engineer (Teneriffe, 1925; New Farm, 1928; Taringa, 1936-1954); electrical engineer (Bardon, 1958-1963)
===''MONKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Brendan Monks|Monks, Alfred Brendan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-444] - 1894(Tas)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AAB Melbourne (Diamond Creek, 1948; Northcote, 1954-1960; Preston, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 571, 1920; 2COCP 272, 1930; 1COCP 282, 1932 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1915) - Relationships: twin brother of 7BR Cyril Wilson Monks - Electoral Rolls: Western Electric engineer (East Sydney, 1930); licensee Railway Commercial Hotel (Albury, 1931-1932); radio telegraphist (Centennial Park, 1943); radio officer (Reservoir, Vic, 1963; Preston, 1967-1972)
* [[/Cyril Wilson Monks|Monks, Cyril Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-96N] - 1894(Tas)-1976(Vic) - Licences: 7BR Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 225, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; military (naval wireless service, telegraphist, 1911-1919); WW2 - Relationships: twin brother of 3AAB Alfred Brendan Monks - Electoral Rolls: federal civil servant (Battery Point, 1928); public servant (Bellerive, 1936-1937); radio inspector (Scarborough, WA, 1943; Nedlands, 1949); retired (Frankston, 1972)
===''MONTEATH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Monteath|Monteath, Frederick]] - 1895(Vic)-1943(NSW) - Licences: 3VM Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1923-1924); 3KP Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1930-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 694, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Prahran, 1919; Elsternwick, 1921); mercer (Elsternwick, 1924-1931); photographer (Glenmore, NSW, 1934-1935; Ashfield, 1937); storekeeper (Rockdale, 1943)

===''MOODY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Percy Moody|Moody, Francis Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1D9-KLG] - 1903(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FM Cairns (1932-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 967, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Rockhampton North, 1925-1926); accountant (Cairns, 1926-1949); radio dealer (Cairns, 1954-1980)

===''MOORE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Ernest Moore|Moore, Albert Ernest &quot;Ernie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KW6D-TMT] - 1916(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; NAOCP Q728, 1980, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer; clubs (All-Wave All-World DX Club, Shortwave League of Western Australia, Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia) - QSLs: portion (200+) of later QSL collection survives (ARDXC/NFSA)
* [[/Eric John Theodore Moore|Moore, Eric John Theodore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD91-7LN] - 1894(NSW)-1940(NSW) - Licences: XEM Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914); Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923); 2EM Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1924-1928) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 161, 1915; 2COCP 237, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Awards: UK merchant seaman medal - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bronte, 1934-1937)
* [[/Francis Leonard Moore|Moore, Francis Leonard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 19??(???)-1924(NSW) - 2?? Sydney, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, employment (Archibald John Shaw, Maritime Wireless Co, United Distributors) - Comment: electrocuted while conducting wireless experiments
* [[/Louis James Murphy Moore|Moore, Louis James Murphy &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L45W-GS4] - 1888(Vic)-1968(Vic) - Licences: 3LO Receive Seymour (1923); 3LO Seymour (1924-1925); 3MS Seymour (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 85, 1915 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIB Brisbane (1917-1918); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Clifton Hill, 1909); telegraphist (Collingwood, 1912-1914); wireless operator (Collingwood, 1917-1919); telegraphist (Elsternwick, 1922); clerk (Seymour, 1924-1931; Bentleigh, 1936-1949); guesthouse proprietor (Healesville, 1954); clerk (Oakleigh, 1963-1968) - Withdrawal: Likely 3LO callsign withdrawn for allocation to 3LO Melbourne Class A

===''MOORHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Martin Moorhouse|Moorhouse or Moorehouse, Herbert Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJPG-1HL] - 1899(Tas)-1990(WA) - Licences: 7HM Hobart (North Hobart, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hobart South, 1922); carpenter (New Town, 1928); carrier (Hobart North, 1936); motordriver (Queensborough, 1949)

===''MORAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Donald Moran|Moran, Cyril Donald]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast technician at 4QG under Qld Government, state public servant (4QG)

===''MORGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Mowbray Morgan|Morgan, Donald Mowbray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDP7-218] - 1907(NSW)-1988(Tas) - Licences: T749 Receive Glebe (1922); Receive Glebe (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Huonville, 1928-1972)
* [[/Ivor Morgan|Morgan, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRSY-S8G] - 1909(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3DH Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1933; Shepparton, 1937; East Malvern 1938-1939; Hawthorn, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 605, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 20, 1936; TVOCP, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1931-1934); engineer (Brighton, 1936); broadcast engineer (3SR Shepparton, 1937); technician (Hawthorn, 1943-1977) - Relationships: Father of 3ZFM V. I. Morgan
* [[/William Albert Morgan|Morgan, William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9HVG-8PW] - 1899(Tas)-1965(Tas) - Licences: 7AI Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart West, 1922); electrical fitter (New Town, 1928-1937); fitter (New Town, 1943-1954); manager (Montrose, 1963)

===''MORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. H. Morley|Morley, W. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2WU Sydney (Watersleigh, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John William Morris|Morris, Albert John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V2B-Y2J] - 1873(Tas)-1940(Tas) - Licences: 7BS Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Hobart North, 1914-1943)
* [[/Cecil Ralph Newman Morris|Morris, Cecil Ralph Newman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3MW-YGT] - 1906(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Rosalie, 1923); 4CN Brisbane (Rosalie, 1928); 4LW Brisbane (Rosalie, 1929-1933; Ashgrove, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 398, 1928, No. 45 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; technician (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Rosalie, 1928); postal mechanic (Ashgrove, 1936-1954); supervising technician (Rosalie, 1958-1968)
* [[/Glynn Ian Elliott Morris|Morris, Glynn Ian Elliott]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XG-9TS] - 1908(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3BZ Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1930-1939; Parkdale, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 621, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Mordialloc, 1931-1937); mechanic (Mentone, 1943); official (Mentone, 1949-1968); secretary (Mentone, 1972-1980)
* [[/Jack Dudley Morris|Morris, Jack Dudley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2R-NMZ] - 1914(Vic)-1944(At Sea) - Licences: 3LX Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1933, pirate); 3DQ Melbourne (Oakleigh, 1934-1937) - qualifications: AOCP 1244, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (mention in despatches) - electoral rolls: operator (Oakleigh, 1936-1942) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Richard Charles William Morris|Morris, Richard Charles William (BDM) or Charles Richard William (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXW7-56S] - 1922(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: 4MT Rockhampton (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3210, 1951, Qld; BOCP 1460, 1956 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Rockhampton, 1949); electrical fitter (Rockhampton, 1954-1963); radio technician/electrician (Rockhampton, 1968-1972); radio technician (Rockhampton, 1977-1980)
* [[/Ronald David Morris|Morris, Ronald David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LX5W-S7Z] - 1904(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3AP Receive Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922); 3AP Melbourne (Caulfield, 1922-1927); 3APM Melbourne (East Brighton, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 151, 1925, No. ?? in Vic; CPRT 919, 1926; BOCP 600, 1944 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Caulfield, 1925-1931); radio (Brighton, 1936-1937); mechanic (Brighton, 1943; Elsternwick, 1949-1967; Brighton East, 1972-1977)
* [[/Sydney Paul Francis Morris|Morris, Sydney Paul Francis &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-MRP] - 1888(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prahran, Vic, 1909; Dandenong, 1912-1913); clerk &amp; telegraphist (Eltham, Vic, 1924); manager (East Bairnsdale, Vic, 1925-1928); clerk (Sandringham, Vic, 1931); inspector (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949)
* [[/William Belfort Morris|Morris, William Belfort]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X1-VYQ] - 1910(WA)-1991(WA) - Licences: 6WM Perth (Hollywood, 1930-1937; Mt Lawley, 1938-1939); 6WM Kalgoorlie (1946-1954); 6WM Perth (Applecross, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 625, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hollywood, 1931-1937); newsagent (Kalgoorlie, 1949-1954); representative (Applecross, 1958-1980)
===''MORRISON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Cyril Tucker Morrison|Morrison, Gordon Cyril Tucker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMN-J6Z] - 1916(WA)-1993(NSW) - Licences: 6KN Geraldton (1935-1937); 6KN Perth (City, 1938-1939); 2AKN Sydney (Hernes Bay, 1947; Parramatta, 1948-1950; Balgowlah, 1954-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1485, 1935, WA; BOCP 89, 1937; 3COCP 1536, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Geraldton, WA, 1937); radio employee (North Perth, WA, 1943); aircraft surveyor (Parramatta North, NSW, 1949; Balgowlah, NSW, 1954-1963); surveyor (Wahroonga, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''MORRISSEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Joseph Martindale Morrissey|Morrissey, Brian Joseph Martindale]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5AP Adelaide (Prospect, 1935-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1544, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''MORROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Caldwell Morrow|Morrow, Arthur Caldwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQF-T2F] - 1912(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4BM Brisbane (Paddington, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 335, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Red Hill, Qld, 1934-1937); wireless operator (Paddington, Qld, 1943); farmer (Paddington, Qld, 1949-1963)
===''MORSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Noel Percy Morse|Morse, Noel Percy &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWRN-3QR] - 1914(Qld)-1942(At Sea) - Licences: 2JE Sydney (Cremorne, 1934-1935); 4LI Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937); 2AHS Sydney (Mosman, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1402, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RNZAF, Pilot Officer) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Buranda, Qld, 1937; Clayfield, Qld, 1937) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.rafcommands.com/database/wardead/details.php?qnum=95585 RAF Commands]; [https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/record/C29996 Auckland Museum]; [http://aircrewremembered.com/morse-noel.html AirCrewRemembered]

===''MORTIMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mark Mortimer|Mortimer, Mark]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7M-ZZ4] - 1887(Irl)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 107, 1915; 2COCP 48, 1929; 1COCP 89, 1930; BOCP 48, 1934?  - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917)  - Comment: numerous contemporaneous MMs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''MORTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Evors Morton|Morton, Charles Evors]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ5-F3R] - 1888(Qld)-1963(NSW) - 2MH Sydney (Homebush, 1925-1934), amateur operator (AOCP 170, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, public servant (Rockhampton, 1912), WW1

===''MOSES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alfred Joseph Moses|Moses, Charles Alfred Joseph]] - 1900(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - ABC (general manager) - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [[w:Charles Moses|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/moses-sir-charles-joseph-15044 ADB] 
===''MOSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Arthur Moss|Moss, George Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-86Y] - 1903(WA)-2000(WA) - Licences: 6GM Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1926-1931; Mt Lawley, 1933-1939, 1946-1956; Mt Pleasant, 1960-1965; Boya, 1969-1995+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 233, 1926, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 177, 1934; 1COCP 574, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: piano mechanic (Cottesloe Beach, 1925); wireless mechanic (North Perth, 1931-1958); lecturer (Mt Pleasant, 1963; Boya, 1968-1980) - [https://qsl.net/vk6zse/historic/p-vk6gm.html QSL.net]

===''MOULE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Ernest Moule|Moule, Clifford Ernest &quot;Cliff&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XQ-DFH] - 1912(SA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 5CX Adelaide (Parkside, 1930-1939; Plympton, 1946-1948; McLaren Vale, 1954; Lower Mitcham, 1955-1956; Westbourne Park, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 611, 1930, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 1462, 1956 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Clarence Gardens, 1939-1941; Glandore West, 1943)

===''MOWLEM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Mowlem|Mowlem, Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9F-DHH] - 1878(???)-1950(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval employee (Toorak, 1919); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1921); telegraphist (Toorak, 1925); engineer (Toorak, 1928); wireless (Malvern, 1931-1949)

===''MOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Murray Moyle|Moyle, John Murray &quot;Johnny&quot;]] - 1908(Vic)-1960(ACT) - 2JU Sydney, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly, 1932+; Radio TV &amp; Hobbies, 1939-), education (Scotch College, 1923-1926), military (WW2, RAAF 1941-, Squadron Leader), broadcast (3DB, 1920s) (callsign 2JU previously Ross Amos Hull) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198909.pdf EA1] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW198910.pdf EA2]

===''MUIR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sibbald Allison Muir|Muir, John Sibbald Allison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRB3-1J6] - 1904(SA)-1996(Vic) - 3QW Receive Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3QW Melbourne (Brighton, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 91, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; likely operator of 3NS dealer licence for Norris &amp; Skelly, Elizabeth St, Melbourne 1924 - Electoral Rolls: dealer (Brighton, 1925-1927); radio dealer (Malvern, 1928); wireless (Brighton, 1931); engineer (Brighton, 1935; Ringwood, 1936-1954); nil (Somers, 1963; Langwarrin, 1968-1977; Garfield, 1980)
* [[/Robert White Muir|Muir, Robert White]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K644-M2J] - 1904(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6RW Wagin (1933-1939); 6RW Perth (Subiaco, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1184, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Albany, WA, 1925-1926); jeweller &amp; radio dealer (Wagin, WA, 1931); jeweller (Wagin, WA, 1936-1943); watchmaker (Subiaco, WA, 1949-1963)

===''MULLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Fred Mullett|Mullett, Leslie Fred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRX-BQD] - 1903(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5ZQ Adelaide (Highgate, 1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1065, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Highgate, SA, 1939-1941); engineer (Barton, ACT, 1949)

===''MULLIGAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Mulligan|Mulligan, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2QS-X7W] - 1886(NZ)-1982(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 135, 1915; 2COCP 211, 1930; 1COCP 329, 1933 - RANRS (CPO to Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Clayfield, 1914-1917); wireless operator (Emita, Flinders Island, 1919-1928); OIC Radio Station (Darwin, 1934); radiologist (Ascot, 1936); OIC radio (Townsville, Qld, 1943); retired (Warrimoo, NSW, 1954-1958; Umina, NSW, 1958)

===''MUNRO''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bruce Willson Munro|Munro, Bruce Willson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7GX-CDJ] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4AL Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1927-1931; Bulimba, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 339, 1927, No. 35 in Qld; 2COCP 68, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; aeronautical experimenter; pilot; Qld Aero Club (Brisbane, honorary flying instructor, 1930s); Dept Civil Aviation (Brisbane, Assistant Plan Printer, 1956-1968) - Electoral Rolls: commercial pilot (Moorooka, 1943); flight checking officer (Townsville, 1943); pilot (West End, 1949-1963); commonwealth public servant (Wynnum, 1968-1972); retired (Wynnum, 1977-1980)

===''MURDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilmot Henry Murden|Murden, Wilmot Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G691-7WC] - 1915(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7TY Launceston (1934-1937); 3TY Melbourne (West Preston, 1938-1939; Thornbury, 1947); 3TY Rapanyup (1948); 3TY Sale (1954-1955); 3TY Swan Hill (1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1243, 1934, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1176, 1950; 1COCP 1610, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Sale, 1954); radio engineer (3SH, Sale, 1963)
===''MURDOCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Fraser Murdoch|Murdoch, James Fraser &quot;Fraser&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4FQ Toowoomba (1946-1948), amateur operator (AOCP 2383, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, employment (Empire Theater under Cliff Gold 4CG)
===''MURPHY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold James Murphy|Murphy, Harold James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD6Q-ZGP] - 1899(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4HM Ilfracombe (1935-1937); 4HM Pomona (1938-1939); 4HM Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1532, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Auchenflower, Qld, 1925; Milton, Qld, 1928); postal official (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1930); postmaster (Ilfracombe, Qld, 1936-1937); insurance agent (Wooloowin, Qld, 1943); postal official (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); public servant (Stafford, Qld, 1958)

===''MURRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Alexander Murray|Murray, Frederick Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89D-SZ7] - 1908(???)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2FM Sydney (Rose Bay, 1927; Mosman, 1928-1935; Cremorne, 1936-1939; Mosman, 1946-1947; Lindfield, 1948-1949; Carramar, 1950-1975); 2FM Blayney (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 336, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Mosman, 1930); engineer (Mosman, 1933); fitter (Mosman, 1934); draftsman (Mosman, 1935); engineer (Neutral Bay, 1943); draftsman (Mosman, 1949); draughtsman (Carramar, 1958-1977); retired (Blayney, 1980)
* [[/John William Murray|Murray, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G879-32L] - 1905(Vic)-1997(Vic) - Licences: 3JY Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1928-1930; Fitzroy, 1931-1939); 3AJY Melbourne (Kew, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 396, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Elsternwick, 1928); projectionist (St Kilda, 1934; Melbourne East, 1936); technician (St Kilda West, 1943-1949); projectionist (Kew, 1954-1980) - several contemporaneous John William Murray's in Melbourne, identification not certain
* [[/Kynaston Noel Lathrop Murray|Murray, Kynaston Noel Lathrop]] - 1838(Eng)-1916(Tas) - clubs and societies (Telegraph Electrical Society Vic, member, 1880s; Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs, 1860s-1870s; Vic Railways Dept, 1880s-1890s)
* [[/Malcolm Imlay Murray|Murray, Malcolm Imlay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-684] - 1908(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6MY Perth (City, 1930; South Perth, 1933-1939; Floreat Park, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 677, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (East Perth, 1931); radiotrician (South Perth, 1936; Floreat Park, 1943-1980)

===''MUSGRAVE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mandeville D'Oyly Musgrove|Musgrave, Mandeville D'Oyly]] - 19??-19?? - broadcast station proprietor (6ML &amp; others)

===''MUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Angus Keith Mutton|Mutton, Angus Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5F-BQM] - 1910(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5ZY Adelaide (Toorak Gardens, 1933; Tusmore, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1089, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Tusmore Gardens, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Arthur Henry Mutton|Mutton, Arthur Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC1Y-PP5] - 1908(NSW)-1986(NSW) - Licences: 2QT Receive Sydney (Stanmore, 1923-1925); 2QT Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 237, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Annandale, 1930-1937); communication engineer (Maroubra, 1943-1968); public servant (Bayview, 1972-1980)

=='''N'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''NAIRN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Linley Beeton Nairn|Nairn, Arthur Linley Beeton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58V-M8X] - 1895(SA)-1978(NZ) - Licences: 2BI Receive Sydney (Mosman, 1922-1923) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 373, 1918 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Hamilton, NZ, 1938); director (Days Bay, Wellington, NZ, 1946-1954)
===''NANCARROW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Stanley Nancarrow|Nancarrow, Ralph Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GST3-XQ3] - 1904(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5PK Georgetown (1930-1933); 2PY Sydney (Mosman, 1935; Randwick, 1936-1939); 2ACN Sydney (Lane Cove, 1954-1961; North Ryde, 1965-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 719, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Randwick, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical fitter (Lane Cove, NSW, 1943-1963); fitter (North Ryde, NSW, 1972-1980)

===''NANGLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Nangle|Nangle, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-F31] - 1869(NSW)-1941(NSW) - Licences: 2MU Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1922); 2MU Sydney (Marrickville, 1923-1927; Observatory, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; 1920s Superintendent Technical Education NSW; hon. Government Astronomer NSW; Sydney University (Senate); Royal Society of NSW (president); Fellow Royal Astronomical Society; Fellow Federal Institute of Architects; author (astronomy, architecture) - Electoral Rolls: architect (Petersham, 1903); Government Astronomer (Observatory, 1930-1937) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nangle-james-7722 ADB]

===''NASH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Charles Nash|Nash, William Robert Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDWX-LWF] - 1918(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2WW Sydney (Crows Nest, 1934-1937); 4WN Cairns (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1329, 1934, Qld; 1COCP 138, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: company manager (Castlecrag, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''NEALE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Drayton Neale|Neale, Eric Drayton Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88H-NWT] - 1907(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4EN Longreach (1934-1939); 4EN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1298, 1934, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist), radio club (WIAQ, QSL officer) - Relationships: father of 4?? Eric Drayton Neale Jnr - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Wooloowin, 1928; Longreach, 1936; Grange, 1937; Wooloowin, 1943-1963)

===''NEAVERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Laurence Neaverson|Neaverson, Leslie Laurence or Lawrence Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYTM-HCD] - 1899(Eng)-1993(NSW) - Licences: G5NX (Lakeside, Cumbria, 1922+); 4NV Brisbane (Holland Park, 1947-1956+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; associate member IRE (Britain); principal Anglo Austral Hearing Aid Dispensary - Electoral Rolls: surgical technician (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1958)

===''NELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Alfred Montague Nell|Nell, George Alfred Montague]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87B-PP6] - 1900(Ceylon)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2JQ Quirindi (1928-1929); 2JQ Canberra (1930); 2JQ Moruya (1931-1936); 2JQ Binda (1937-1939); 2JQ Crookwell (1946-1950); 2JQ Junee (1954-1965); 2JQ Goulburn (1969-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 413, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (Moruya, 1930-1934; Crookwell, 1936-1949; Junee, 1954-1968; Goulburn, 1972-1980)
===''NELSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Yeates Nelson|Nelson, John Yeates]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G884-YDV] - 1851(Irl)-1932(NSW) - Licences: XAA Sydney (McMahon's Point, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; federal public servant (PMGD, chief electrical engineer (NSW)) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Milson's Point, 1930-1931)
===''NESTROM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Louis Nestrom|Nestrom, Oliver Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-9H4] - 1912(NSW)-1999(SA) - Licences: 5RZ Adelaide (St Peters, 1936-1937; Joslin, 1938); 2ADJ Sydney (Homebush, 1939); 5RZ Adelaide (Colonel Light Gardens, 1947; Glenelg, 1948; St Georges, 1954); 5RZ Port Augusta, 1955-1956); 5RZ Adelaide (Kurralta Park, 1960; Manningham, 1965-1969; St Peters, 1975); 5RZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP, 224, 1935; AOCP 1725, 1936, SA; BOCP 719, 1946; 2COCP 1178, 1949; 1COCP 1491, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Modbury, SA, 1939); fitter (Strathfield, NSW, 1943)

===''NEVILLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Clifford Anderson Neville|Neville, Alfred Clifford Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH3-Z4D] - 1907(Eng)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4ED Receive Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 5827, 1966 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Hamilton, Qld, 1928); clerk (Windsor, Qld, 1934-1943); accountant (Hawthorne, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (East Brisbane, 1963-1980)

===''NEWBERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Mallord Newberry|Newberry, Archibald Mallord]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH51-SDW] - 1893(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3AN Red Cliffs (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 606, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Red Cliffs, 1924-1931); radio dealer (Red Cliffs, 1934-1942); cycle dealer (Red Cliffs, 1949-1972) 
===''NEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert James Newell|Newell, Albert James &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJ1C-RGW] - 1910(Sct)-1998(Qld) - Licences: 4BN Mill Hill via Warwick (1936-1939); 4BN Brisbane (Archerfield, 1947-1948; Moorooka, 1954); 4AJ Brisbane (Moorooka, 1965; Yeronga, 1969; Ormiston, 1975); 4AJN Brisbane (Ormiston, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1727, 1936, Qld; 2COCP 559, 1942; 1COCP 588, 1942; TVOCP 531, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; AWA Aviation Radio Service - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Mill Hill, Qld, 1931-1943); radio technician (Moorooka, Qld, 1949-1968); television technician (Yeronga West, Qld, 1972); retired (Ormiston, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''NEWMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Frederick Newman|Newman, Arthur Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9JJ9-YSK] - 1881(India)-1952(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 10, 1914; CPRT 90, 1915; 1COCP 49, 1930 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant, 1917-1920, terminated Nov 1920); WW1; WW2 - Comment: several contemporaneous AFNs - Electoral Rolls: traffic officer (Elsternwick, 1917-1919); assistant! (Malvern East, 1924-1931); piano tuner (St Kilda, 1931)
* [[/Sydney Moreton Newman|Newman, Sydney Moreton &quot;Syd&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL41-PBM] - 1898(NSW)-1998(NSW)99yo - Licences: XPZ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1913-1914); 3MC Melbourne (Canterbury, 1923-1927) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 655, 1921; 1COCP 90, 1930 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Turramurra, 1930-1958); retired (Wahroonga, 1963-1980) - TroveTag: &quot;XPZ-3MC - Sydney Moreton Newman&quot; (68 tags) - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199101.pdf EA]
* [[/William Harold Newman|Newman, William Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3V-4N5] - 1889(NSW)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 2MK? Receive Sydney (Artarmon, 1922); 2MJ Sydney (Artarmon, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway official (Artarmon, 1930-1934); secretary (Mosman, 1936-1943)

===''NICHOLAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Rupert Nicholas|Nicholas, William Rupert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD14-RFV] - 1913(Tas)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7WR Hobart (North Hobart, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 896, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 72, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hobart North, 1936; New Town, 1943-1954)
===''NICOLL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Nicoll|Nicoll, William]] - 1903(Canada)-19??(???) - Licences: 4CO Receive Brisbane (Upper Paddington, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 644, 1921 - amateur Receiver - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Bardon, 1925-1929) 
===''NICHOLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Edgar Nicholls|Nicholls, Francis Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1H-8KQ] - 1910(Vic)-1995(Tas) - Licences: 7RY Devonport (1932-1933); 7RY Burnie (1937-1939); 7RY Hobart (New Town, 1946-1948; Lenah Valley, 1954-1955; New Town, 1960; Lenah Valley, 1965-1969; Midway Point, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 991, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Lenah Valley, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Nicholls|Nicholls, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6S3-26D] - 19??(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3FW Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 780, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal employee (Moonee Ponds, 1922-1963)
* [[/William John Matthew Nicholls|Nicholls, William John Matthew or William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WW-PDS] - 1908(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1928-1933); 7WX Launceston (1937-1939); 3WX Melbourne (Williamstown, 1946-1965; East Malvern, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 419, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 343, 1931; 1COCP 309, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Williamstown, 1931-1936); RAAF (Williamstown, 1949); radio engineer (Williamstown, 1954-1963; Malvern East, 1968-1980)
===''NICHOLSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Russell Malcolm Nicholson|Nicholson, Russell Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z7-7W4] - 1909(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 4KG Ilfracombe (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 529, 1929, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 48, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shearing contractor (Longreach, 1936); manager 4LG (Longreach, 1937); radio mechanic (Coolangatta, 1949-1972)

===''NICOLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Hort Wilmot Nicolle|Nicolle, Horace Hort Wilmot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZS-MZF] - 1908(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2HK Sydney (Strathfield, 1929-1933; Ryde, 1934); 2AJT Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 527, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist apprentice (Strathfield, 1930); pharmacist (Strathfield, 1933-1935); chemist (Chatswood, 1943-1968)

===''NILSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver John Nilsen|Nilsen, Oliver John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8W4-W1G] - 1884(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Melbourne (Brighton, 1923); 3UZ Melbourne (1924-25) - Qualifications: Nil identified to date - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - 3UZ experimental callsign issued to Oliver J. Nilsen &amp; Co in 1923, operator N. J. Boyd; callsign withdrawn 1925 and reallocated to Nilsen's broadcast station which remains current as at 2021 - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Fitzroy, 1909-1924; Chelsea, 1928-1931); contractor (Caulfield, 1934-1954); engineer (Elsternwick, 1972; Hawthorn, 1977-1980) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/nilsen-oliver-john-11244 ADB]

===''NISSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Laurence Nissen|Nissen, Eric Laurence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-ZLR] - 1905(Qld)-2001(Qld) - Licences: 4XN Dalby (1930-1939, 1946-1975+); 4XN Toowoomba (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 574, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, member); broadcast technician (4QS, 1939-1976); federal public servant (PMGD); Awards: Imperial Service Medal 1976 - Electoral Rolls: none specified (Dalby, 1928-1937); PMG technician (Dalby, 1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1977)

===''NIXON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edgar Nixon|Nixon, Arthur Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M2-SM5] - 1905(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ON Receive Melbourne (Windsor, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 361, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur receive operator - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Elsternwick, 1931); salesman (St Kilda West, 1931-1936); electrical fitter (Albert Park, 1943-1954)

===''NOLAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Michael Nolan|Nolan, Francis Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9Q3R-X84] - 1910(NSW)-1985(Qld) - Licences: 4FN Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1935-1937; Clayfield, 1938-1939; Stafford Heights, 1946-1948); 4MF Portable (1948); 9FN Port Moresby &amp; 9MF Portable (1954-1956); 4FN/T Gracemere (1960-1969); 4FN/T Brisbane (Wavell Heights, 1975; Virginia, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1433, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, WIAQ); broadcast technician (9PA, 4RK); radio serviceman; federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Francis William Nolan|Nolan, Francis William &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-XPW] - 1897(NSW)-19?? - Licences: 4JU Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1929-1939, 1947-1956; Paddington, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43? &amp; 501, 1924 &amp; 1929, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio serviceman - Relationships: husband of 4LO Violet Elizabeth Nolan nee Hennessey - Comment: several genealogy sites have wrong data for FWN - Electoral Rolls: cartoonist (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1925);  radio mechanic (Brisbane, City, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Brisbane City, Qld, 1954-1958)
* [[/John Spencer Nolan|Nolan, John Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-KMV] - 1868(NSW)-1936(NSW) - Licences: XED Sydney (Double Bay, 1911-1914); 2JH Receive Sydney (Double Bay, 1922); 2JH Sydney (Double Bay, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator;  amateur broadcaster; dentist and dental surgeon - Relationships: father of 2YI Philip Spencer Nolan - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Woollahra, 1930-1935)
* [[/Violet Elizabeth Hennessey|Nolan nee Hennessey, Violet Elizabeth]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6W-DSX] - 1896(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4LO Brisbane (City, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 826, 1931, No. ? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: fourth YL operator in Qld - Relationships: wife of 4JU Francis William Nolan - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Brisbane City, Qld, 1921-1943); not stated (Eagle Heights, Qld, 1949); home duties (Tweed Heads, NSW, 1954); domestic (Spring Hill, Qld, 1958); retired (Coolangatta, Qld, 1958)
* [[/Philip Spencer Nolan|Nolan, Philip Spencer &quot;Spencer&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBW-ZWX] - 1897(NSW)-1929(NSW) - Licences: 2YI Sydney (Double Bay, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 58, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; dentist - Relationships: son of XED-2JH Lieut John Spencer Nolan - Comment: gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''NOLTE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Edward Nolte|Nolte, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HG-DD4] - 1911(Vic)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 3NO Melbourne (Elwood, 1929-1939); 2QO Sydney (Potts Point, 1948-1950; Bexley North, 1954-1975); 2QO Wamberal (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 492, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949; Bexley North, 1958-1963); retired (Wamberal, 1980)
===''NORMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Norman|Norman, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Q-ZRS] - 1899(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7WJ Eddystone Point Lighthouse (1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: stoker (Longford, 1922); lightkeeper (Tasman Island, 1928; Eddystone Lighthouse, 1934; Maatauyker Island, 1936; Currie Harbour, King Island, 1937)
===''NORRIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Anthony David Norris|Norris, Anthony David &quot;Tony&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Edgar Lewin Norris|Norris, Edgar Lewin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9YH-3D4] - 1891(Qld)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Receive Toowoomba (1922); 4CK Toowoomba (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 80, 1925, No. 8 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (Toowoomba RC); WW1 - Relationships: father of 4NO Edgar Thomas Norris - TroveTag: &quot;4CK - Edgar Lewin Norris&quot; - Electoral Rolls: optician (Rockhampton, 1913); optometrist (Wooloowin, 1919; Toowoomba, 1925-1954)
* [[/Edgar Thomas Norris|Norris, Edgar Thomas &quot;Tom&quot; &quot;Tommy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G855-G68] - 1930(Qld)-2019(Qld) - Licences: 4NO Toowoomba (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 6945, 1967; AOLCP Q2, 1968; AOCP Q13, 1968, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 4CK Edgar Lewin Norris - Electoral Rolls: charge hand (Toowoomba, 1954-1980)
===''NORTHEAST''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurence Harry Northeast|Northeast, Laurence Harry &quot;Laurie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLM3-8NK] - 1908(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5LH Adelaide (Rosewater, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 315, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosewater, 1939-43)

=='''O'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
==='''OAKES'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Andrew Oakes|Oakes, Walter Andrew]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-RBQ] - 1907(Tas)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 7BQ Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923); Receive Hobart (New Town, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP N1088, 1971 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Manly, 1930); electrical fitter (Launceston, 1937); railway employee (New Town, 1943-1949); electrician (Lindfield, 1954); business proprietor (Roseville, 1958); managing director (Roseville, 1963-1968); director (Roseville, 1972-1980)

==='''O'BRIEN'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Clare O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Clare]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMTS-7SJ] - 1904(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4NC Brisbane (Stafford, 1939, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2386, 1939, Qld - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kilcoy, 1928); telephone mechanic (Eagle Junction, 1936-1943); technician (Stafford, 1954-1980) 
* [[/Charles Raymond Heddington O'Brien|O'Brien, Charles Raymond Heddington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8FN-4CX] - 1913(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3QX Melbourne (Glenhuntly, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 626, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (Glenhuntly, 1934-1936); electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1942); engineer (Kew, 1954; Mount Waverley, 1963-1972)
* [[/Matthew O'Brien|O'Brien, Matthew or Matthew Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG7-P35] - 1904(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4MM Brisbane (Toowong, 1926-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 234, 1926, No. 20 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QRTL, ARTL, WIAQ, president all); journalist (Teleradio, &quot;Vic Eddy&quot;); Dept Labour Exchange (administration) - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Toowong, 1925-1936; Annerley, 1943-1977)

==='''O'DEA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick O'Dea|O'Dea, Francis Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXTP-7KL] - 1894(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: XJAX Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; WW1 (Army, AWS) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Melbourne, 1912-1913; Ascot Vale, Vic, 1914-1937); railways (Brighton, Vic, 1942-1949); railway employee (Footscray North, Vic, 1963-1977) - Links: [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911842/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-francis-patrick-odea/ AWS]

==='''ODGERS'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Fieldhouse Odgers|Odgers, Norman Fieldhouse]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVD-CYK] - 1906(Qld)-1996(WA) - Licences: 4BO or 4BD Brisbane (Newmarket) &amp; Charters Towers (1924-1925); 4NK; 9NK Port Moresby (1946-1948); 6NF Perth (Applecross, 1954-1969; Bassendean, 1975-1980); 4CH - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 896, 1925; 2COCP 212, 1930; 1COCP 108, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; broadcast engineer; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: senior technician (Applecross, 1954-1963); manager (Applecross, 1968); retired (Bassandean, 1972-1980)

==='''O'DONNELL'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Amos Leslie O'Donnell|O'Donnell, Amos Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NW-Q1P] - 1910(SA)-19??(NSW) - Licences: 6DX Perth (City, 1930-1933); 2AGE Sydney (Ashfield, 1938-1939); 2AOO Sydney (Caringbah, 1960; Mona Vale, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 639, 1930, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 515, 1943 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (North Perth, 1931); radio engineer (Ashfield, NSW, 1937); education officer (No. 2 W.A.G.S., Parkes, 1943); engineer (Ashfield, 1949; Caringbah, 1958)

==='''O'HARA'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bernard O'Hara|O'Hara, John Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XM-Y9M] - 1902(Vic)-1970(Vic) - Licences: 3OH Maryborough (1930-1939); 3OH Yallourn (1946-1948); 3AAO Melbourne (Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 607, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Albert Park, 1921-1924) instructor (Maryborough, 1928); teacher (Kew, 1934; Maryborough, 1937; Ballarat, 1937; Maryborough, 1943, Warrnambool, 1954; Maldon, 1963) 
==='''OHRBOM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Axel Ragnar Ohrbom|Ohrbom, Axel Ragnar &quot;Ray&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WZ-PWJ] - 1903(Tas)-1978(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (Brunswick, 1923-1924); 3OC Melbourne (West Brunswick, 1928; Coburg, 1931-1939; Moreland, 1946-1948; Hartwell, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 421, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Coburg West, 1949); sharebroker (Camberwell, 1954-1977); retired (Burwood, 1977)

===''OLDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Olof Lemuel Olden|Olden, Olof Lemuel]] - 1863(Vic)-1939(Vic) - Hobart 1920s, early wireless experimenter, no licence yet identified, amateur operator (pre-AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Tas), radio clubs (WIA Hobart, President, 1924), military (Colonel, WW1), occupation (school master)
===''OLDFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Bernam Oldfield|Oldfield, Frederick Bernam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8YP-9R2] - 1897(Vic)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (1924); 3FB Melbourne (Hampton, 1937-1938); 2FE Sydney (Balmoral, 1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1240, 1934, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Brighton, Vic, 1931; Sandringham, Vic, 1935-1937); journalist (Mosman, NSW, 1943); A.M.F. (Mornington, 1954); tutor (Neutral Bay, 1958)
===''OLDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Edward Oldham|Oldham, Charles Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZFK-XBT] - 1902(Tas)-1950(Tas) - Licences: 7XA Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1923, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (New Town, 1936-1949) 
* [[/Fred Oldham|Oldham, Fred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, first president of Hobart Tramways Wireless Club 1905

===''O'LEARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cornelius Daniel Fraser O'Leary|O'Leary, Cornelius Daniel Fraser or Daniel Fraser]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KN18-4BH] - 1893(SA)-1955(SA) - Licences: 5DO Adelaide (Tusmore Gardens, 1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 495, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Unley, 1939-1941)

===''OLIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dalley George Tryon Oliver|Oliver, Dalley George Tryon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-MMR] - 1888(NSW)-1959(NSW) - wireless experimenter (1924+) 2?? Gunedah, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1943; Keepit Dam, Tamworth, 1949-1954); retired (Condoblin, 1958) - Relationships: brother of 2MO Marcius John Alexander Oliver
* [[/Marcius John Alexander Oliver|Oliver, Marcius John Alexander &quot;Marcus&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ8W-M82] - 1875(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: 2MO Gunedah (1929) - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 91, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer, radio station proprietor (2MO, 1930-1939), military (air spotters, Port Macquarie) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Gunnedah, 1930-1936; Port Macquarie, 1943) - Relationships: brother of Dalley George Tryon Oliver

===''OLLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Durrant Olle|Olle, John Durrant]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4HS-WSX] - 1910(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 2OZ Sydney (Ashfield, 1929-1939, 1946; Pennant Hills, 1947-1948; Ashfield, 1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 553, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 321, 1931; 1COCP 197, 1931 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Summer Hill, 1936-1937; Ashfield, NSW, 1943); soldier (South Yarra, Vic, 1949); public servant (Mornington, 1963-1980)

===''O'LOUGHLIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Patrick Morgan O'Loughlin|O'Loughlin, Francis Patrick Morgan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6M-Z3Q] - 1902(Qld)-1979(Qld) - Licences: 4OL Brisbane (Red Hill, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1347, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Red Hill, Qld, 1936-1937; Ashgrove, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''OLSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Vivian Olsen|Olsen, Frederick Vivian &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CP-4XJ] - 1912(Vic)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 3FO Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1929-1931; Hampton, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 521, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Hampton, 1936-1954; Brighton, 1963; Hampton, 1972-1980) 
* [[/Norman Frederick Olsen|Olsen, Norman Frederick or Frederick Norman (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-8JS] - 1901(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: cc; Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 516, 1920, NSW; 2COCP 59, 1929, NSW; 1COCP 252, 1932 - Nil yet identified - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hurlstone Park, 1934-1937); newsagent (Torwood, 1954-1958); no occupation (Lord Howe Island, 1963-1980)
* [[/Norman Peter Olsen|Olsen, Norman Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BY-444] - 1897(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2YK Newcastle (1924-1925); 2ZX Waratah (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Waratah, 1930; Mayfield, 1932); public servant (Redfern, 1932-1933; Kogarah, 1934-1935; Wollongong, 1936-1937; Artarmon, 1943-1949; Kogarah, 1949-1963); nil (Merewether, 1968-1980)
* [[/Olaf Olsen|Olsen, Olaf]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QT-69T] - 1878(Norway)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Dalby 1922 (Receive) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engine driver (Dalby, 1913-1943); engineer (Toowoomba, 1949; Redcliffe, 1954; Paddington, 1958-1963)

==='''O'MAY'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. W. O'May|O'May, J. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Derwent O'May|O'May, Robert Derwent &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYNF-5NS] - 1903(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); 7OM Hobart (Bellerive, 1924-1927+; Sandy Bay, 1931+; Bellerive, 1947-1969+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 74, 1925, No. ?? in Tas; 3COCP 508, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Bellerive, 1928-1954)

==='''OPPENHEIM'''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver George Oppenheim|Oppenheim or Oliver, Oliver George &quot;Ollie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLSS-S7L] - 1911(Vic)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 3ZX Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 580, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Caulfield, 1936-1942; Elsternwick, 1949); radio engineer (Elsternwick, 1954); company executive (Coogee, 1958-1963; Lugarno, 1968); importer (Strathfield, 1972-1980)

===''O'REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Joseph O'Reilly|O'Reilly, Maurice Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-VMC] - 1866(Irl)-1933(NSW) - Licences: XACI Bathurst (1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St Stanilaus College, Bathurst, 1913); rector of college (St John's College, Camperdown, 1930-1933) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/oreilly-maurice-joseph-7918 ADB] 
===''O'ROURKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sydney O'Rourke|O'Rourke, John Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJP-ZW4] - 1918(NSW)-19??(???) - Licences: 4OR Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1937-1939); 4SO Brisbane (Margate Beach, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2042, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical apprentice (Norman Park, Qld, 1943); radio engineer (Newmarket, Qld, 1949); engineer (Margate, Qld, 1954-1977)

===''ORR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Murray Donald Orr|Orr, Murray Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-H29] - 1900(Vic)-1941(Vic) - Licences: 3OR Lake Meran (1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 440, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1940-1941) - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Lake Meran, 1924-1934) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/orr-murray-donald-1700/]

===''OSBORNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jeffrey David Osborne|Osborne, Jeffrey David &quot;Jeff&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)
* [[/Louis Frederick George Osborne|Osborne, Louis Frederick George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GF-MGZ] - 1900(Vic)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 3DD Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DD Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1926); 3BMO Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: gas fitter (Malvern East, 1922-1926); inspector (Carnegie, 1931-1977)
===''OSBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Bolivar Laing Osburne|Osburne, George Bolivar Laing &quot;Laing&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MFY2-F9W] - 1896(Vic)-1933(Vic) - Licences: XKJ Terang (1913-1914); 3BG Terang (1922-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 235, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Terang, 1922-1931)

===''OTHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles James Othen|Othen, Charles James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRHF-H8Y] - 1897(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: XVT Adelaide (Glanville, 1913); 5AS Receive Adelaide (1923); 5ON Adelaide (Hindmarsh, 1954-1956; Eden Hills, 1960-1969; Blackwood, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3385, 1953, SA - early wireless experimenter; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: foreman (Hindmarsh, SA, 1939-1943)

===''O'TOOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian O'Toole|O'Toole, Ian]] - Licences: 2ZIO Sydney (Adamstown Heights, 1969; North Rocks, 1975; Castle Hill, 1980) - amateur operator; historian (amateur, military communications); proprietor Kurrajong Radio Museum - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://vk2bv.org/archive/museum/ Kurrajong Radio Museum]

===''OTTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Shannon Otty|Otty, William Shannon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2F-7J1] - 1893(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: 2ZL Killingworth (1923-1931); 2ZL Toronto (1933-1975); 2ZL Fennell's Bay (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 219, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Toronto, 1937-1954); retired (Toronto, 1958-1980)

===''OVERLACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Overlack|Overlack, Peter]] - early wireless historian [https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Naval_Networks_Dominance_of_Comms_in_Maritime_Ops.pdf &quot;The Struggle for the Australian Airwaves: The Strategic Function of Radio for Germany in the Asia-Pacific Region before World War I&quot;]

===''OWEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Chester Owen|Owen, Chester]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MZ3G-H47] - 1899(Vic)-1975(Vic) - Licences: Receive Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923); 3ZM Melbourne (St Kilda, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balaclava, 1921; St Kilda, 1922-1926); engineer (St Kilda, 1928; Caulfield, 1931); mechanic (Caulfield, 1934-1937); radio engineer (Echuca, 1943-1972)
* [[/Stanley Wainwright Owen|Owen, Stanley Wainwright]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDV9-BP2] - 1912(Vic)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 6RX Perth (Mt Lawley, 1930-1931); 2RX Sydney (Wollstonecraft, 1948-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 716, 1930, No. ?? in WA; 2COCP 436, 1933; 1COCP 340, 1933; TVOCP 40, 1957 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1937-1958); television engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1963-1968); engineer (Wollstonecraft, 1972-1977; Artarmon, 1980)

===''OXENHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Justinian Oxenham|Oxenham, Justinian]] - 1860(Qld)-1932(Vic) - senior federal public servant (Secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
===''OXLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Oxlade|Oxlade, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRCK-H1C] - 1907(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4GO Brisbane (Newmarket, 1926-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 229, 1926, No. 19 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: painter (Chermside, 1937-1943; Maroochydore, 1954; Wavell Heights, 1958), contractor (Chermside, 1963-1980)

=='''P'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''PAECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Leonard Paech|Paech, Robert Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6DL-76D] - 1920(SA)-1963(SA) - Licences: 5RL Adelaide (Underdale, 1936-1939, 1947-1948); 5LP Adelaide (Seacombe Gardens, 1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1626, 1936, SA; 2COCP 279, 1939; BOCP 371, 1941; 1COCP 810, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PAGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Nevison Page|Page, Leslie Nevison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSBX-CRV] - 1920(Qld)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 4LP Brisbane (New Farm, 1937-1939; Brisbane City, 1947); 2NB Sydney (Potts Point, 1954); 2LP Sydney (St Ives, 1955-1961; Epping, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1931, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Callsign: 2NB may have been withdrawn for 2NB Broken Hill - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Ascot, Qld, 1928-1929) (too young for 1920 birth, must be a namesake); radio technician (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1954); radio engineer (St Ives, NSW, 1958); manager (St Ives, NSW, 1963); electronics engineer (Epping, NSW, 1968; Eastwood, NSW, 1972)

===''PAGET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Ernest Paget|Paget, Harold Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDTK-ZBF] - 1904(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Brisbane City, Qld, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephonist (Valley, Qld, 1925-1926); postal sorter (Ashgrove, Qld, 1928-1949); mail officer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PAICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Donald Cameron Paice|Paice, Donald Cameron &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8KD-2FT] - 1932(Vic)-2018(Vic) - Licences: 3ADP Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 3055, 1950, Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Moonee Ponds, 1954; Mt Waverley, 1963-1980) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 2AJ Valentine Keith Paice
* [[/Valentine Keith Paice|Paice, Valentine Keith &quot;Val&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K3-5T6] - 1904(NZ)-1977(???) - Licences: ZL1AJ (Z1AJ) 1925-1926; VQ1AJ (OO1AJ) Fanning Island (1926-1928); 2AJ (VK2AJ) Sydney 1929; OA4V Peru (1929) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Ashbury, NSW, 1930) - Relationships: rare surname but seems not closely related to 3ADP Donald Cameron Paice

===''PARADISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Harry Elliker Paradise|Paradise, Eric Harry Elliker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3M-D75] - 1904(Qld)-1939(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Stones Corner, Qld, 1925-1937)
===''PARASIERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Isidore Percy Robert Parasiers|Parasiers, Isidore Percy Robert &quot;Robert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS9Y-8B1] - 1902(SA)-1972(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (City, 1932-1933; Glandore, 1937-1939); 6PS Perth (Inglewood, 1947); 5RF Adelaide (Glandore, 1948); 5RF Murray Bridge (1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 952, 1932, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 283, 1936; BOCP 132, 1937; 2COCP 256, 1939; 1COCP 330, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Norman Paris|Paris, James Norman &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXWR-B1W] - 1910(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: &quot;WIA-L5006&quot; Adelaide (Prospect, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur listener; prominent broadcast listener (1950s, 1960s); clubs (Australian DX Radio Club (SA); Southern Cross DX Club) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PARISH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hugh Radcliffe Parish|Parish, Hugh Radcliffe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCDL-Y23] - 1914(Tas)-1973(Tas) - Licences: 7CP Launceston (1932-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1070, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 189, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Burnie, 1936-1937); manager (Winnaleah, 1943-1949); radio executive (Launceston, 1954)
===''PARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles William Park|Park, John Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVC-N4N] - 1904(Eng)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6BB Perth (South Perth, 1924-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 794, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: photographer (South Perth, 1943-1949); radiographer (South Perth, 1958-1980)
===''PARKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Cyril Parker|Parker, Keith Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KDSK-X2P] - 1912(SA)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5PA Port Pirie (1933); 5SO Port Elliot (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 348, 1931; 1COCP 213, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1943); radio technician (Fiskville, Vic, 1949-1963; Bassendean, WA, 1968); manager (Cairns, Qld, 1977)
* [[/Kenneth Herbert Parker|Parker, Kenneth Herbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTM1-Q5G] - 1905(WA)-1994(WA) - Licences: 6KP Meekatharra (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1192, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mining register (Meekatharra, WA, 1931-1937); resident magistrate (Cue, WA, 1943; Geraldton, WA, 1943); stipendary magistrate (Northam, WA, 1949); magistrate (Mt Pleasant, WA, 1954; Riverton, WA, 1958-1963; Applecross, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/P. S. Parker|Parker, P. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2CY Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922); 2CM Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1923, briefly then reverted to 2CY); 2CY Sydney (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: Not yet confidently identified but likely Philip Selwyn Parker, engineer, Bellevue Hill, 1930
* [[/Ronald Alexander Parker|Parker, Ronald Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ23-6BM] - 1908(Vic)-1984(Qld) - 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1926), 3RA Bendigo (1927), 3RA Melbourne (Canterbury, 1931-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), 4PT Southport (1980+), qualifications (AOCP 213, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, electoral rolls: clerk (Camberwell, 1931), accountant (Hawthorn, 1936-1937), secretary (Malvern, 1943-1949), retired (Southport, 1980)

===''PARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John George Parr|Parr, John George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-22T] - 1908(NSW)-1992(Vic) - Licences: 3OM Melbourne (Canterbury, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 646, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1931-1943); engineer (Footscray, 1949; Brunswick, 1949-1963; Melbourne City, 1968-1980)
===''PARRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Alchorne Parry|Parry, Charles Alchorne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8J-BGL] - 1916(Qld)-2009(USA) - Licences: 4CP Gordonvale (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1441, 1935, Qld; BOCP 177, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Education: PhD - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Cairns, Qld, 1937); engineer (Darlinghurst, NSW, 1943)

===''PARSONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Warwick William Parsons|Parsons, Warwick William or William Warwick (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2L4-5ZC]- 1903(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PS Adelaide (City, 1933; Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Rose Park, 1954-1974) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1147, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)

===''PATERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Paul Pryde Paterson|Paterson, Paul Pryde]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-LPF] - 1915(WA)-1942(PNG) - Licences: 6PP Wiluna (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1961, 1937, WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 24 Squadron, Flight Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/paterson-paul-pryde-260515/]
* [[/Raymund Gordon Paterson|Paterson, Raymund or Raymond Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CH-7RX] - 1903(Vic)-1996(Canada) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 506, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Glenferrie, 1926-1928)

===''PATTERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Campbell Patterson|Patterson, Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9Y1-GDH] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5XR Naracoorte (1933-1939); 5XR Peterborough (1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1097, 1933, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apiarist (Naracoorte, 1939); electrician (Quorn, 1941-1943)
* [[/James Brown Patterson|Patterson, James Brown]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTW-WDY] - 1833(Eng)-1895(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - Politician, briefly Premier of Victoria (1893-1894), Postmaster-General Vic (July 1878 - March 1880) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Charles William Ingram Patterson|Patterson, Robert Charles William Ingram &quot;Charles Ingram&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5T-2Q4] - 1910(Vic)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 3YP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1927-1939; Eaglemont, 1946-1954); 4YP Brisbane (Fig Tree Pocket, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 352, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: station hand (Mundabullangana, 1931-1937); agent (Fig Tree Pocket, 1958-1968)

===''PAUL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Anthony Paul|Paul, Leo Anthony]] - 1905(Vic)-1968(Vic) - 3JQ Receive Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1922-1923), 3LP Melbourne (Fitzroy, 1924-1937; Preston, 1938-1939), 3XO Melbourne (Fairfield, 1948-1960; Thornbury, 1965), amateur operator (AOCP 15, 1924, No. 6 in Vic), amateur broadcaster

===''PAYNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George H. Payne|Payne, George H.]] - 19??(???)-1987(Qld) - 4NEV Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 1946+, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, hon. secretary; WIAQ, president, assoc. members section)
* [[/John Payne|Payne, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSL-41Q] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2IN Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922); 2IN Sydney (Randwick, 1923-1927; Kensington, 1928-1930)  - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: insurance department manager (Kensington, 1930-1931); secretary (Kensington, 1933)
* [[/Reginald Lewis Payne|Payne, Reginald Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZG9-HFF] - 1898(Vic)-1946(Vic) - Licences: 3RP Geelong (Newtown, 1924-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 225, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Newtown, 1919-1921); telegraphist (Newtown, 1922-1942) (check XJM R. Payne, Armadale for relationship)
===''PAYTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph William Payter|Payter, Joseph William]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - early telephone experimenter in Melbourne, mechanic in Vic Posts &amp; Telegraphs (one of James Smibert's &quot;Williamstown boys&quot;)

===''PEARCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Ronald Pearce|Pearce, Edward Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR3M-7YJ] - 1916(Vic)-2004(WA) - Licences: 6TP Perth (North Perth, 1936-1939, 1948; Mt Hawthorn, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1757, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (North Perth, WA, 1937); engineer (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949-1977); retired (Coolbinia, WA, 1980)

===''PEARN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Leslie Pearn|Pearn, William Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCKW-JRW] - 1896(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5PN Adelaide (Sturt Park, 1934-1939; Wayville West, 1947-1948; Unley, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1378, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Unley, SA, 1939-1941)

===''PEARSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ian Richman Pearson|Pearson, Ian Richman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSD3-4LF] - 1908(Vic)-1972(Tas) - Licences: 3SP Melbourne (Berwick, 1929-1931); 7KB Burnie (1948-1965); 7KB Port Sorell (1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 528, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Deer Park, Vic, 1936-1937); medical practitioner (Burnie, Tas, 1949-1954)

===''PELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Frederick Law Pelling|Pelling, John Charles Frederick Law &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-176] - 1908(WA)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6WO Moojebing (1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1213, 1933, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Dumbleyung, WA, 1931); farmer (Moojebing, WA, 1936-1943; King River, WA, 1949-1968)

===''PEMBLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Pembleton|Pembleton, Thomas Edward &quot;Tom&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HP-JDF] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4ZL Rockhampton (1936-1939;1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1600, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockhampton, 1936-1943); turner (Rockhampton North, 1949-1980)

===''PEPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ralph Campbell Pepper|Pepper, Ralph Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC93-1MN] - 1905(NSW)-1984(Qld) - Licences: N742 Receive Tamworth (1922); 2HV Receive Tamworth (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Tamworth, 1930; Maroubra, 1931; Artarmon, 1934-1949; Newmarket, Qld, 1954-1972; Alderley, 1977-1980)

===''PERDRIAU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Carter Perdriau|Perdriau, Henry Carter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D9-L79] - 1895(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: XHC Sydney (1912-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Relationships: cousin of 2ZR William James Stanley Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: manager (Chatswood, 1930-1936; Roseville, 1943-1954)
* [[/William James Stanley Perdriau|Perdriau, William James Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTH6-8LS] - 1885(NSW)-1946(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Sydney (Manly, 1923); 2ZR Sydney (Manly, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: cousin of XHC Henry Carter Perdriau - Electoral Rolls: dentist (Manly, 1930-1943)
===''PERREY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Litchfield Perrey|Perrey, Alexander Litchfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZVM-9P9] - 1898(SA)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 5LP Strathalbyn (1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 99, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PERRY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Francis Cole Perry|Perry, Malcolm Francis Cole]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L679-XR2] - 1891(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: XCP Sydney (Randwick, 1913-1914); 2DG Receive Sydney (Randwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Randwick, 1930-1937); editor (Randwick, 1943-1949; Coogee, 1954-1958); counsellor (Hazelbrook, 1958-1963)

===''PETERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Zornig Peters|Peters, Henry Zornig &quot;Harry&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L4XX-HBC] - 1908(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4ZP Maryborough (1937-1939); 4ZP Sarina (1947-1956); 4ZP Cooroy (1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1978, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club member (WIAQ) - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Yerra via Maryborough, Qld, 1936-1937; Sarina, 1943); farmer (Cooroy, 1963-1980)

===''PETERSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Marzanti Petersen|Petersen, Thomas William Marzanti &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 1919(Qld)-1981(Qld) - 4FY Brisbane (Cooparoo Heights, 1946-1947), 4YO Moreton Island (1975), amateur operator (AOCP 2321, 1939, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor), military (WW2, AIF), employment (Hills TV service), business proprietor (Advance Radio, Wynnum Radio Repairs)
===''PETERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Franz Peterson|Peterson, Harold Franz]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8XJ-CV1] - 1888(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HP Sydney (Coogee, 1930-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 617, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector (Coogee, 1930-1958)
* [[/Rupert Clarence Peterson|Peterson, Rupert Clarence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87D-VJ3] - 1910(Vic)-2000(NSW) - Licences: 7AZ Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1922-1923); Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923-1924); 3PT Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 401, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 96, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Moonee Ponds, 1931-1937; Caulfield, 1942-1949; Ivanhoe, 1954-1977); retired (Merimbula, 1980)
* [[/Walter Peterson|Peterson, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QP Melbourne (Toorak, 1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 689, 1930, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kew, 1925); telephone engineer (Kew, 1926-1928); engineer (Toorak, 1931-1937); secretary (Lilydale, 1943-1954); electrical instrument maker (Collingwood North, 1967-1968) - several contemporaneous WPs
* [[/Walter Martin Peterson|Peterson, Walter Martin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDRD-G6B] - 1910(WA)-1978(WA) - Licences: 6LW Perth (West Perth, 1937; East Perth, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; City, 1954-1956; City Beach, 1960-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1864, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Balcatta, WA, 1931-1936; North Perth, WA, 1937; East Perth, WA, 1937-1943); radio engineer (East Perth, WA, 1949-1958); lecturer (City Beach, WA, 1963-1977)

===''PHELPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Joseph Phelps|Phelps, William Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8D5-97G] - 1912(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DL Sydney (Canterbury, 1931-1939, 1946; Ashbury, 1947-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 769, 1931, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Ashbury, 1935-1937; Ashfield, 1942; Ashbury, 1949-1963)
===''PHILBIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Thomas Philbin|Philbin, Francis Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKL-L7L] - 1889(Tas)-19??(???) - Licences: 7FP Queenstown (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ulverstone, 1914); electrician (Queenstown, 1919-1937); electrical fitter (Queenstown, 1949-1954); to NSW 1940s
===''PHILLIPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan William Albert Phillips|Phillips, Alan William Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-LD4] - 1915(SA)-2009(SA) - Licences: 5GX Adelaide (Somerton, 1936-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1601, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (St Leonards, SA, 1939; South Plympton, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Albert Maurice Phillips|Phillips, Albert Maurice]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXVR-GGP] - 1915(SA)-2008(SA) - Licences: 5ZU Adelaide (Prospect, 1936-1939, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1713, 1936, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Gordon George Phillips|Phillips, Gordon George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7V-TB1] - 1887(NSW)-1941(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 93, 1915; 1COCP 321, 1933 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Townsville, 1912-1919); radio telegraphist (Currie, King Island, 1922); telegraphist (South Townsville, 1925); radio telegraphist (Thursday Island, 1928); radio telegraphist (Cooktown, 1937)
* [[/Harry Edward James Thomas Phillips|Phillips, Harry Edward James Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZW-SXG] - 1896(Vic)-1963(Vic) - Licences: 3JU Melbourne (Mitcham, 1929-1933; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; Merlynstone, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 532, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: slaughterman (Newmarket, 1919); butcher (Emerald, 1922; Mitcham, 1924-1936; Abbotsford, 1937; South Yarra, 1949)
* [[/James Graham Phillips|Phillips, James Graham]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLJ-8JC] - 1909(SA)-1943(Vic) - Licences: 5BW Adelaide (Glenelg, 1926-1931; Somerton, 1933-1939)- Qualifications: cc; AOCP 256, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Somerton, 1939-1943) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/606863]
* [[/Noel William Phillips|Phillips, Noel William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9FX-877] - 1911(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4NP Ipswich (1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1396, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Public Works Dept) - Electoral Rolls: painter (Ipswich, Qld, 1936-1937)
===''PHILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Laurance Vincent Phillis|Phillis, Laurance Vincent]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS5R-98V] - 1900(SA)-1953(SA) - Licences: 5LP Adelaide (South Payneham, 1933-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1136, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PHILPOT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence Hanmer Philpot|Philpot, Clarence Hanmer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMRM-C7S] - 1906(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Geelong (1923); 3CP Geelong (1924-1925); 3CP Warrnambool (1925-1926); 3KL Ararat (1927); 3KL Avoca (1931-1937); 3KL Horsham (1938-1939); 3KL Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 381, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Derrinallum, 1928; Avoca, 1931-1936); postal (Elsternwick, 1942-1980)
===''PHILPOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Oliver Jones Philpott|Philpott, Oliver Jones]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LJ-52T] - 1869(???)-1934(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Caulfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (Sandringham, 1919); manager (Caulfield, 1921-1927)
===''PHIPPS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Roger Sydney Phipps|Phipps, William Roger Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZX2-Z6G] - 1896(Eng)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6WP Perth (Subiaco, 1924-1927; Victoria Park, 1930-1933; South Perth, 1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 111, 1925, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 16, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: trainee (Subiaco, 1921); electrical fitter (Subiaco, 1925); radio operator (Victoria Park, 1931; South Perth, 1936-1972)

===''PIKE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Herbert Arthur Pike|Pike, John Herbert Arthur &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MT5R-K62] - 1890(NSW)-1961(NSW) - XJP Sydney (Arncliffe, 1911), XDY Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912-1914), XDZ Sydney (Arncliffe, 1912), 2DF Receive Sydney (Epping, 1922-1924), 2JP Sydney (Epping, 1925-1929; Greenwich, 1930-1939, 1946-1961), amateur operator (AOCP 130, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, AWA (research, later draftsman)
===''PINNELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Chalker Pinnell|Pinnell, John Chalker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z5-P4G] - 1902(NSW)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Receive Sydney (Annandale, 1923-1924); 2ZR Sydney (Marrickville, 1929-1934; Ashfield, 1935-1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1939, 1946-1950; Earlwood, 1954-1961; Croydon, 1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 547, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Dulwich Hill, 1930-1934; Ashfield, 1936; Summer Hill, 1937-1949); teacher (Earlwood, 1954-1963); retired (Ashfield, 1968; Mt Kuringai, 1980)
===''PINNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. R. Pinney|Pinney, C. R.]] - 18??-19?? - 4CP Port Moresby - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''PITCHFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stuart Frederick Pitchford|Pitchford, William Stuart Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ5C-X48] - 1906(Eng)-1959(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (City, 1926-1933; Hyde Park, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 254, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Reade Park, 1939-1943)

===''PITTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Graham Pitts|Browne, Reginald Graham or Graham Reginald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZGB-56Y] - 1915(SA)-2005(WA) - Licences: 5GP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1934-1939); 5GP Alice Springs (1947); 5GE Port Augusta (1955-1975); 5GE Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1377, 1934, SA; 2COCP 189, 1938; 1COCP 225, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: finisher (Torrensville, SA, 1941-1943); radio engineer (Alice Springs, NT, 1949)

===''POLLOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henderson Pollock|Pollock, John Henderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFM-9TQ] - 1895(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive Brisbane (Moorooka, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Moorooka, Qld, 1922-1926); insurance manager (Townsville, Qld, 1928-1937); insurance agent (Moorooka, Qld, 1943-1977)

===''PONSONBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Bessborough Ponsonby|Ponsonby, John Bessborough]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 466, 1919; 1COCP 50, 1930 - coastal wireless operator - Electoral Rolls:

===''POPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maitland Glen Pope|Pope, Maitland Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJ4K-FN6] - 1884(WA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 122, 1915; 1COCP 153, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Subiaco, 1906); civil servant (Subiaco, WA, 1910); civil servant (Hobart North, Tas, 1914); officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1919-1921); wireless expert (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1925); wireless operator (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1927-1931); supervisor (Essendon, Vic, 1936-1954)

===''PORTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Glanville Porter|Porter, Leonard Glanville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLX-765] - 1897(SA)-1969(SA) - Licences: 5MP Huddlestone (1938-1939; 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 966, 1927; 1COCP 73, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1924); wireless operator (5PI Crystal Brook, SA, 1939-1943)

===''POTTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Potter|Potter, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYZ-38V] - 1915(WA)-1993(WA) - Licences: 6ZO Perth (East Fremantle, 1937-1939; Bicton, 1947-1965; Melville, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1959, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (East Fremantle, WA, 1937-1943); contractor (East Fremantle, WA, 1949-1958; Melville, 1963); builder (Melville, WA, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Francis Potter|Potter, William Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G878-638] - 1908(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2WP Helensburgh (1928-1939); 2WP Fairy Meadow (1948-1950); 2WP Charlestown (1954-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 399, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 3COCP 38, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Helensburgh, 1930-1937); mechanic (Fairy Meadow, 1949); shiftman (Charlestown, 1954); electrical mechanic (Charlestown, 1958); railway employee (New Lambton, 1958)

===''POTTIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Charles Pottie|Pottie, Norman Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9V3D-JFZ] - 1909(NSW)-1961(NSW) - Licences: 2HQ Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1930-1931; Hunters Hill, 1933-1938; Mosman, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 589, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Woollahra, 1933; Hunters Hill, 1936-1937; Albury, 1943; Willoughby, 1949-1958)
===''POULSEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Valdemar Poulsen|Poulsen, Valdemar]] - 1869(Denmark)-1942(Denmark) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - inventor of a magnetic wire recorder, Poulsen arc transmitter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Links: [[w:Valdemar Poulsen|Wikipedia]]; [https://ethw.org/Valdemar_Poulsen IEEE]; [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Valdemar-Poulsen Britannica]
===''POWER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Power|Power, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Highgate Hill, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PRESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Arthur Campbell Preston|Preston, Thomas Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDV-FFD] - 1886(Tas)-1970(Tas) - Licences: 7BK Queenstown (1923-1927+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 190, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Mount Lyell Co (electrical engineer, 1920s; chief engineer) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Queenstown, 1919-1954)
===''PRESTON-SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Cedric Preston-Smith see Cedric Preston Smith

===''PRICE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Clarey Price|Price, John Clarey &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L7GR-V19] - 1884(Qld)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4CE (Receive) 1922; 4FI or 4FJ Brisbane (Bardon, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (QWI); radio business proprietor (Wireless House); public servant (PMG) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Wooloowin, 1912-1913); public servant (Bardon Estate, 1919-1936; Bardon, 1943-1954)
* [[/Keith Ferguson Price|Price, Keith Ferguson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94TB-TPD] - 1900(Vic)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4KF Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1937-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1937, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1926); engineering instructor (Camp Hill, Qld, 1937-1943); electrical engineer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1958)

===''PRIDDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Arthur Priddle|Priddle, Raymond Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-PNF] - 1913(NSW)-1971(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Bathurst (1929-1936); 2RA Sydney (Marrickville, 1938-1939; Greenwich, 1946; Pymble, 1947-1961; Wahroonga, 1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 473, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Yass, 1935; Marrickville, 1936-1943; Lane Cove, 1943; Pymble, 1949-1963); engineer (Wahroonga, 1968)
===''PRIDEAUX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Charles Prideaux|Prideaux, Joseph Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6Y-Y6H] - 1908(Qld)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 4DS Receive Charters Towers (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: musician (Lismore, NSW, 1935-1943); hairdresser (Lismore, NSW, 1949-1968)
===''PRIDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Clifford Pridham|Pridham, Leslie Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK2-H6C] - 1916(SA)-2007(SA) - Licences: 5WP Adelaide (Torrensville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2047, 1937, SA; BOCP 301, 1940; 1COCP 834, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Lockleys, SA, 1943)

===''PRINCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Prince|Prince, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKT-ZLR] - 1914(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5WK Adelaide (Walkerville, 1934-1939; Kurralta Park, 1947; Plympton, 1948-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1358, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Queenstown, SA, 1941); fitter (Gracemere, SA, 1943); sheet metal worker (Broadview Gardens, SA, 1943)

===''PROPOSCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilhelm Carl Lormann Proposch|Proposch, Wilhelm or William Carl Lormann or Forman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVVN-TGW] - 1900(NSW)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4PL Chinchilla (1937-1939); 4PL Nanango (1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1986, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wellborer (Maclargan via Jondaryan, Qld, 1925-1936); radio dealer (Chinchilla, Qld, 1937; Nanango, Qld, 1943-1968)

===''PRYZBILLA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Alfred Pryzibilla|Pryzibilla, Colin Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKD-1SY] - 1910(SA)-2001(SA)91yo - Licences: 5XJ Adelaide (Parkside, 1935-1939, 19471960; Brooklyn Park, 1965-1969; Ascot Park, 1975; Plympton Park, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1590, 1935, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''PURDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Commodore Vere Purdon|Purdon, Commodore Vere]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ28-Y6B] - 1901(Tas)-1968(Tas) - Licences: 7AM Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1922); Receive Hobart (Battery Point, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Hobart East, 1922; Hobart South, 1928; Bellerive, 1936-1954)

=='''Q'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''QUICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Quick|Quick, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKWF-QQF] - 1852(Eng)-1932(Vic) - state politician (MLA Vic, 1880s &amp; 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR 1900s &amp; 1910s; Postmaster-General 1909-1910), oversight of 1909 Melbourne Wireless Telegraphy Conference - Links: [[w:John_Quick_(politician)|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/quick-sir-john-8140 ADB]
===''QUIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Quin|Quin, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VW-TP8] - 1910(WA)-1979(WA) - Licences: 6CX Perth (Subiaco, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937; Wembley, 1938-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 678, 1930, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 178, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Wembley Park, 1937); accountant (Swanbourne, 1963); retire (Swanbourne, 1972-1977)

=='''R'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''RADFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred Dynan Radford|Radford, Wilfred or William Dynan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/92MT-KNF] - 1916(Qld)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4WV Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937); 4WW Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1624, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: theological student (Hunters Hill, NSW, 1943); clergyman (Toongabbie, NSW, 1954); priest (Marist College, Armidale, NSW, 1958; Toongabbie, NSW, 1963-1968; Hunters Hill, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RAGLESS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Beaumont Ragless|Ragless, Gordon Beaumont]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMY3-58F] - 1909(SA)-2002(SA) - Licences: 5GR Adelaide (St Marys, 1928-1939; Marion, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 434, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: orchard assistant (St Marys, 1939-1943)

===''RAINBOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Christopher James Rainbow|Rainbow, Christopher James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G87K-BB5] - 1911(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3JR Melbourne (Preston, 1928-1954; West Preston, 1955-1969; Rosebud, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 406, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, partnership (Supreme Radio Co, Preston ?-1932), WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Preston, 1931-1942); traveller (Preston, 1949-1972; Rosebud, 1977); retired (Rosebud, 1980) - Relationships: brother-in-law of 3PA Percy James Anderson
===''RAMSAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Charles Ramsay|Ramsay, Frederick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXNM-4RT] - 1871(Eng)-1950(NSW) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Toowong, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hermit Park, Qld, 1903-1905; South Brisbane, Qld, 1912; West End, Qld, 1915-1919); accountant (Toowong, Qld, 1921-1925; Waverley, NSW, 1930-1934); teacher (Waverley, NSW, 1936-1943)
* [[/Robert Ramsay|Ramsay, Robert ]] - 1842(Sct)-1882(Vic) - solicitor, Victorian politician, Postmaster-General Victoria (Jul 1874 - Aug 1875; Oct 1875 - May 1877)

===''RANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Otto Randell|Randell, Charles Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/97TF-XLP] - 1880(NSW)-1958(Qld) - Licences: 4BK Innisfail (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster (callsign to 4BK Brisbane commercial 1930) - Comment: 4AC Leslie Waters employed by Randell Engineering - Electoral Rolls: analytical chemist (Hambledon, 1903); chemist (Goondi, 1908); engineer (Innisfail, 1912-1913); mechanical engineer (Townsville, 1915); analytical chemist (Innisfail, 1919-1930); agent (Toowong, 1936); chemist (Brisbane, 1937); industrial chemist (North Sydney, 1949)
===''RANKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Ronald Rankin|Rankin, Kenneth Ronald &quot;Ken&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2RC-8FS] - 1906(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3KR Kerang (1926-1939); 3KR Benalla (1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 242, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio salesman (Kerang, 1928-1937); manager (Benalla, 1949-1963) - Probate: Theatre Manager (Benalla, 1965)
===''RANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Rann|Rann, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDG-VMV] - 1908(WA)-1974(WA) - Licences: 6KO Perth (Nedlands, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1000, 1932, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Nedlands, WA, 1931); printer (West Subiaco, WA, 1936; Wembley, WA, 1937-1943; Leederville, WA, 1954-1958); civil servant (City Beach, WA, 1963-1972)

===''RAYNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Rayner|Rayner, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYQQ-2LK] - 1898(NSW)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2LJ Sydney (Stanmore, 1928-1930; Belmore, 1931-1939, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 384, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; 2COCP 425, 1933; 1COCP 335, 1933 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: police constable (Annandale, 1930); constable (Belmore, 1933-1934); police constable (Belmore, 1937-1949)

===''READ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Earl Read|Read, Alfred Earl &quot;Earl&quot;]] - 1892(NZ)-1960(NZ) - journalist (editor NZ Radio Times to 1936; editor and proprietor, Australasian Radio World 1936-1940; manager, Australasian Radio World 1940+)
* [[/Allan William Read|Read, Allan William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1B-WF2] - 1913(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6LK Perth (Mt Lawley, 1931-1933); 6LK Northam (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 735, 1931, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 163, 1934; 1COCP 83, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Broadcasting Station, Northam, WA, 1936-1937); radio technician (North Perth, WA, 1943-1958); public servant (Nollamara, WA, 1963-1980)

===''READER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/d'Arcy Harold Reader|Reader, d'Arcy Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5KX-8N8] - 1888(NZ)-1952(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 123, 1915 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Thursday Island, Qld, 1916-1917)

===''READING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Reading|Reading, Edward Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZW7-9DL] - 1904(NSW)-1979(NSW) - 2RG Bangalow (1925-1929), 2LT Lismore (1965-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 65, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, electrician, Reading Bros (proprietor &amp; electrical engineer, 1930-1939), 2RG callsign may have been withdrawn by PMGD for 2RG Griffith commercial
* [[/Leonard William Reading|Reading, Leonard William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2LY-H23] - 1904(WA)-1989(WA) - Licences: 6LR Northam (1933-1936); 3TQ Newport (1937); 6LR Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939; South Perth, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1200, 1933, Vic; 1COCP 384, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Northam, WA, 1925-1936; Newport, Vic, 1937); airman (South Perth, WA, 1943); supervisor (Karinup, WA, 1980)

===''REDDROP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James William Reddrop|Reddrop, James William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1T-SYY] - 1906(Vic)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Launceston (1934-1937); 3BN Melbourne (Caulfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 28, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: airman (Elsternwick, 1931; St Kilda, 1937); air force (Elsternwick, 1942-1954); air force officer (Glenbrook, NSW, 1958); RAAF officer (Campbell, 1963); retired (Hackett, ACT, 1968); representative (Tbre Lake, 1972-1980)

===''REED''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Griffiths Reed|Reed, Joseph Griffiths &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GC6Y-GZZ] - 1897(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: XABP Newcastle (1914); 2JR Sydney(Summer Hill, 1924-1933; Croydon, 1934-1939; Northbridge, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 710, 1922; 1COCP 235, 1931 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Summer Hill, NSW, 1930-1934); engineer (Croydon, NSW, 1936-1937); electrical engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1943-1968)

===''REEDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Bennett Reedman|Reedman, Alfred Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZLN-MVM] - 1896(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Brisbane (Norman Park, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1919-1921; Norman Park, Qld, 1925-1980)

===''REES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Montague Elyder Rees|Rees, Richard Montague Elyder]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPXW-S6Y] - 1901(Eng)-1962(Vic) - Licences: 2RE Sydney (Stanmore, 1926-1927; Coogee, 1928-1930); 2WM Sydney (Enfield, 1931-1933); 2APW Albury (1946-1947); 3APW Darling (1948-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 296, 1926, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 959, 1927; 2COCP 283, 1930; BOCP 107, 1937; 1COCP 941, 1945 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Enfield, 1931-1937)

===''REILLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Dwyer Reilly|Reilly, Edward or Edwin Dwyer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S5-67P] - 1913(Vic)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5AI Adelaide (Woodville, 1935-1939; Brooklyn Park, 1947-1975; Aldinga, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1524, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: packer (Woodville, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/Eric Harold Reilly|Reilly, Eric Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L153-S1X] - 1905(Qld)-1950(Qld) - Licences: 4ER Brisbane (Hill End, 1934-1937); 4ER Laidley (1938-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1339, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ, WICEN) - Electoral Rolls: rubber worker (Hill End, Qld, 1934-1937); motor mechanic (Laidley, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''REIMANN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Alwin Reimann|Reimann, Albert Alwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4RD-V3K] - 1905(SA)-1946(SA) - Licences: 5JO Adelaide (Kent Town, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 453, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil

===''REINARTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John L. Reinartz|Reinartz, John L.]] - 1894(Ger)-1964(USA) - 1QP (1908-?), 1XAM, W3RB, K6BJ USA, amateur operator, with Fred Schnell made first Trans-Atlantic 2 Way QSO with F8AB Leon Deloy
===''REINHOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edwin Cyril Reinhold|Reinhold, Edwin Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHH4-WWR] - 1900(Qld)-1984(Qld) - Licences: Q747 Receive Brisbane (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Clayfield, 1925); motor mechanic (Gracefield, 1931-1949); soldier (Sherwood, 1954-1980)

===''RENNIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rennie|Rennie, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3HI Receive Melbourne (South Yarra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/J. M. Rennie|Rennie, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3QF Receive Melbourne (Northcote, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/K. M. Rennie|Rennie, K. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AO Receive Sydney (Edgecliffe, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RENSHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Phillip Renshaw|Renshaw, Walter Phillip &quot;Phil&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9KS-1LX] - 1891(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: XFP Sydney (Roseville, 1912-1914); 2DE Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 370, 1918 - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator - amateur broadcaster; WW1; radio clubs (WIA NSW - 1912+, President, Federal President); professional clubs (IRE NSW - founding member); business (consulting engineer); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Hon. Sec. WIA NSW) - Comment: late 1930s entangled in a NSW State Government corruption enquiry - Electoral Rolls: civil engineer (Roseville, 1936-1954; Ashfield, 1958-1968)
===''RENWICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Griffith Renwick|Renwick, Arthur Griffith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-8XV] - 1902(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2CG Receive Sydney (Woollahra, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 292, 1940 - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: pharmacist (Roseville, 1930-1937); chemist (Drummoyne, 1943-1954); retail chemist (Strathfield, 1958-1963)

===''RETALLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Moncrieff Retallick|Retallick, James Moncrieff]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKK3-QDW] - 1898(NSW)-1969(NSW) - Licences: 2XO Bellingen (1930-1939, 1946-1947); 2FE Portable Bellingen (1933-1939); 2XO Raleigh (1948-1955); 2XO Coffs Harbour (1956-1958); 2XO Urunga (1960-1969);  - Qualifications: AOCP 664, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: attendant (Substation, Raleigh, 1949-1954); electrical mechanic (Urunga, 1963-1968)

===''REYNOLDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Daniel Reynolds|Reynolds, George Daniel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX9J-VBQ] - 1886(NZ)-1964(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 180, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Rockhampton, 1917; Cooktown, 1928); radio (Malvern, 1934-1937); wireless operator (New Farm, 1943); radio station manager (Townsville, 1949); retired (Malvern, 1954-1963)

===''RHODES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Rhodes|Rhodes, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BS-QMC] - 1887?(???)-1966(SA) - Licences: Receive (Valve) Kadina (1923); 5HR Kadina (1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Needs more research - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Quorn, 1939-1943; Grassmere, 1943)

===''RIBBETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas John Ribbett|Ribbett, Thomas John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQQ-YRJ] - 1880(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS (CPOE, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''RICH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Fry Rich|Rich, Charles Fry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-YZ3] - 1873(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 4CR Fife Bay, Papua - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Father of 4VX 2AJZ 9VX 2API Mackendrick Charles William Rich - Electoral Rolls: retired (Chatswood, NSW, 1943-1949)
* [[/Mackendrick Charles William Rich|Rich, Mackendrick Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXN8-5MB] - 1903(PNG)-1991(NSW) - Licences: 4VX Samarai, Papua (1938-1939); 2AJZ Sydney (Chatswood, 1946); 9VX Port Moresby (1947-1948); 2API Sydney (Manly Vale, 1954-1955; Balgowlah, 1956-1969; Manly Vale, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Son of 4CR Charles Fry Rich - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Manly Vale, NSW, 1954-1963); retired (Manly Vale, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''RICHARDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/G. F. Richards|Richards, G. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (Moonah, 1923); 2237 Hobart (Moonah, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/George Richards|Richards, George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHDM-JZ6] - 1888(Qld)-1963(Qld) - Licences: 4XK Ipswich (1930-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 575, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mine manager (Silkstone, 1917-1932; Booval, 1936-1958)
* [[/Maurice Evans Richards|Richards, Maurice Evans]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-KPB] - 1910(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5CY Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923); 5MR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1927-1928) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 369, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Likely a relation of 5WR Wilfred Mayo Richards - Electoral Rolls: welder (Millswood East, SA, 1943) 
* [[/Norman Henry Richards|Richards, Norman Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXH1-NL1] - 1912(Eng)-2007(Qld) - Licences: 4NR Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1932-1937) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1071, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1936-1937); mechanic (Eagle Junction, Qld, 1943); refrigeration engineer (Maryborough, Qld, 1949-1954); engineer (Ashgrove, Qld, 1963-1968); retired (Glasshouse Mountains, Qld, 1972-1977; Tin Can Bay, Qld, 1980)
* [[/Victor John Richards|Richards, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFML-3HH] - 1916(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6JR Perth (Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1894, 1937, WA; 2COCP 265, 1939; 1COCP 367, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Nedlands, WA, 1937); radio operator (Alice Springs, NT, 1943); machinery assistant (Wivenhoe, Tas, 1949); radio technician (Darlinghurst West, NSW, 1949; Charters Towers, Qld, 1949)); radio operator (Carlingford, NSW, 1954); radio technician (Blacktown, NSW, 1958); technician (Applecross, WA, 1958-1972); radio officer (Applecross, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Mayo Richards|Richards, Wilfred Mayo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ3X-6W4] - 1896(SA)-1948(SA) - 5WR Adelaide (Medindie Gardens, 1927-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 364, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil - certainly a relation of 5MR Maurice Evans Richards

===''RICHARDSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Kennington Richardson|Richardson, Alan Kennington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRM-73L] - 1914(SA)-1994(SA) - Licences: 5AR Adelaide (Everard Park, 1934-1939; City, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1277, 1934, SA; AOLCP 201, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Everard Park, SA, 1939)
* [[/Jasper Bede Richardson|Richardson, Jasper Bede]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX1J-LTY] - 1907(WA)-1969(WA) - Licences: 6LX Perth (Fremantle, 1931-1933; Hollywood, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 831, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (East Fremantle, WA, 1931); radio mechanic (Hollywood, WA, 1936-1937; East Perth, WA, 1943; East Fremantle, WA, 1949); mechanic (Bicton, WA, 1954-1968)
* [[/John Keith Richardson|Richardson, John Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6QQ-76P] - 1906(Qld)-1954(Tas) - Licences: 4KR Barcaldine (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: overseer (&quot;Ashgrove&quot;, Gore, 1930-1932)

===''RICKABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lorimer Douglas Rickaby|Rickaby, Lorimer Douglas &quot;Rick&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMR4-Z8W] - 1906(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4VR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Coopers Plains, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 485, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4VL, 4AK, 4BK); military (WW2, RAN); ship wireless officer; security officer (MSS) - Relationships: father of 4RX Brian ??? Rickaby; father-in-law of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Flinders Naval Depot, Vic, 1931-1934); radio engineer (Coorparoo, Qld, 1937); technician (Coorparoo, Qld, 1943-1949);  meter reader (Coopers Plains, Qld, 1958-1972) 
* [[/Brian ??? Rickaby|Rickaby, Brian ???]] - Licences: 4ZAP Brisbane (Coopers Plains, 1960); 4RX Brisbane (Salisbury, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOLCP; AOCP; BOCP; TVOCP - amateur operator; broadcast engineer (Qld State Broadcasting Office, P&amp;TD / DoC / DoTaC / ABA) - Relationships: son of 4VR Lorimer Douglas Rickaby; husband of 4VR Valerie ??? Rickaby - Electoral Rolls:

===''RIETHMULLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Riethmuller|Riethmuller, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64Z-XCL] - 1903(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4SK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 250, 1930; 1COCP 299, 1932 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Jandowae, 1936); radio technician (Wellington, NSW, 1937; Moorooka, 1943); radio operator (Darlinghurst, 1949; Wahroonga, 1963-1972); retired (Toowoomba, 1972-1980)
===''RING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Mostyn Ring|Ring, Keith Mostyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKB8-YR7] - 1913(SA)-1991(SA) - Licences: 5KH Adelaide (Kensington Park, 1932-1939, 1947-1948; Marion, 1954; Eden Hills, 1955-1969); 5KH Williamstown (1975); 5KH Kapunda (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 923, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank official (Jamestown, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Thomas Leo Ring|Ring, Thomas Leo]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-D97] - 1893(Vic)-1945(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 233, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIE Esperance (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1916; Sandgate, 1921); clerical assistant (Bowen, Qld, 1925); postmaster (Texas, 1930-1937); retired (Hendra, Qld, 1943)

===''RIPPEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Adolf Heinrich Gerhard Rippen|Rippen, Adolf Heinrich Gerhard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLK-QSB] - 1919(WA)-1941(Off coast of Kenya) - Licences: 6GR Perth (Fremantle, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1731, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAN, HMAS Sydney II, Telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Fremantle, 1943) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; - Links: [http://www.sydneymemorial.com/registrydetails.asp?ID=478 HMAS Sydney II Memorial]; [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/644953 VWMA]; [http://www.streetwisemedia.com.au/unknown-sydney-sailor-named-after-80-years/ Streetwise]

===''RIVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edmund Ronald Rivers|Rivers, Edmund Ronald or Ronald Edmund]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDJH-V2S] - 1901(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: 3ER Receive Melbourne (Essendon, 1922-1923); 3ER Melbourne (Essendon, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 767, 1923 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''RIX''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Henry George Rix|Rix, Walter Henry George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MMQX-KZQ] - 1898(Qld)-1923(Qld) - Licences: 4EC Receive Brisbane (Bulimba, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: tram conductor (Valley, Qld, 1919-1921)

===''ROBBINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Fellows Robbins|Robbins, Thomas Fellows]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX5X-2SL] - 1918(SA)-1986(SA) - Licences: 5DK Adelaide (Fullarton, 1935-1937; Malvern, 1938-1939); 5AQ Leigh Creek (1954-1960); 5AQ Port Augusta (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1548, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Malvern, SA, 1941-1943)

===''ROBERTS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles D'Arcy Roberts|Roberts, Charles D'Arcy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2N-VBN] - 1909(NSW)-1943(Burma) - licences: 2JV Sydney (Greenwich, 1928-1939) - qualifications: AOCP 408, 1928, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (signalman, 8 Division Signals, 1943) - Electoral rolls: clerk (Lane Cove, 1930-1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
* [[/Harry Mayland Roberts|Roberts, Harry Mayland or Mayfield (Electoral Rolls)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLH-KKF] - 1912(SA)-1979(SA) - Licences: 5MY Adelaide (Alberton East, 1931; Myrtle Bank, 1938-1939; Fullarton Estate, 1947-1954; Plympton, 1955-1965; North Plympton, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 763, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Myrtle Bank, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/J. C. A. Roberts|Roberts, J. C. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XAAY Sydney (Parramatta, 1913-1914) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Identification: Not yet identified, despite three given names - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Nicholas William Roberts|Roberts, Nicholas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRC-XKV] - 1915(SA)-1936(SA) - Licences: 5NR Adelaide (St Peters, 1933-1936) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1228, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, age 21yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Noel Grafton Roberts|Roberts, Noel Grafton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRD-CCL] - 1924(Eng)-2008(Eng) - Licences: 5NR Katherine (1947) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 589, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio inspector (Tally Ho, Vic, 1967-1968; Glen Waverley, Vic, 1972-1980)
* [[/Richard George Crafter Roberts|Roberts, Richard George Crafter or Crofter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWFZ-Z24] - 1901(NSW)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2UU Sydney (Ashfield, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 750, 1922; 2COCP 430, 1933; 1COCP 505, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Ashfield, 1933-1936; Lovetts Bay, 1943; Chatswood, 1949-1958)
* [[/Russell Flexmore Roberts|Roberts, Russell Flexmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LL4K-265] - 18??-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4PN Brisbane (West End, 1927-1933; Annerley, 1937-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 372, 1927, No. 41 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; television experimenter (4CM); broadcaster (4BC, manager) - Electoral Rolls: musical director (South Brisbane, 1919); musician (Coorparoo, 1934); manager (Yeronga, 1936-1937); alderman (Annerley, 1954)
* [[/V. Roberts|Roberts, V.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBERTSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Brian Desmond Robertson|Robertson, Brian Desmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2G-W63] - 1921(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 1RD Macquarie Island (1950s); 5RD Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 998, 1946 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/David Sterling Robertson|Robertson, David Sterling]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-F7H] - 1920(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5RN Adelaide (Mt Lofty, 1937-1939, 1948-1965); 1ATR Canberra (Deakin, 1956; Yarralumla, 1960); 5RN Adelaide (Stirling, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1944, 1937, SA; 2COCP 346, 1940; 1COCP 405, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Husband of 5YL-1YL Denise Alison Robertson nee Haslam - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (North Sydney, 1943)
* [[/Denise Alison Robertson|Robertson nee Haslam, Denise Alison]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW2M-JWG] - 1927(NSW)-2008(SA) - Licences: 1YL Canberra (Yarralumla, 1960-1965); 5YL Adelaide (Stirling, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3552, 1956, ACT - amateur operator; YL operator - Relationships: Wife of 5RN-1ATR David Sterling Robertson - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''ROBINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Robinson|Robinson, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1G8-ZJ2] - 1900(Eng)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2GR Sydney (Haberfield, 1930-1937; Richmond, 1938-1939; Hunter's Hill, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 498/499, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical meter tester (Haberfield, 1933-1936) - 2GR callsign previously held by Joseph Sydney Marks
* [[/Arthur Robinson|Robinson, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CS-4PP] - 1926(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3ABF Sale (1948-1956); 3ABF Melbourne (Croydon, 1960); 3ABF Traralgon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2710, 1948, Vic; TVOCP 184, 1959 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Croydon, 1963); PMG TV technician (Traralgon, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles John Robinson|Robinson, Charles John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNJD-DC5] - 1908(Tas)-2004(???) - Licences: 7RC Launceston (1936-1937); 7KR Launceston (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1668, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: carter (Launceston, 1936-1937); cordial maker (Launceston, 1943)
* [[/John William Robinson|Robinson, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS7H-Q61] - 1895(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2EN Receive Sydney (Ryde, 1922-1923); 2RN Receive Sydney (Concord, 1923); 4RN Brisbane (Kedron, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; amateur broadcaster; Honorary Radio Inspector NSW; First director 4QG - Comment: several contemporaneous JWRs - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Merthyr, Qld, 1925-1926); radio engineer (Highgate Hill, Qld, 1928); engineer (Herston, 1936-1937)

===''ROBSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Colin Laudreux Robson|Robson, Colin Laudreux]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYV-TL8] - 1916(WA)-1973(WA) - Licences: 6XI Perth (Mt Lawley, 1937-1939); 6XI Northam (1947-1948); 6XI Waterloo (1954-1960); 6XI bunbury (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; 3COCP 181, 1936; AOCP 2055, 1937, WA; BOCP 234, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (6AM Quarters, Northam, WA, 1949; 6TZ, Waterloo, WA, 1958-1963; Bunbury, WA, 1968-1972)

===''ROCKWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Bruce Rockwell|Rockwell, Horace Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K882-BWV] - 1887(Tas)-1955(NSW) - Licences: XQH Brisbane (Wynnum) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; WW1; WW2; a founder of Wireless Institute of Queensland 1912 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1913; Wynnum, Qld, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Enoggera, Qld, 1919; Chelmer, Qld, 1925); electrician (Fort Lytton, Qld, 1936-1937); soldier (Middle Head, NSW, 1943); engineer (Northbridge, NSW, 1949)

===''RODDA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William David Rodda|Rodda, William David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WK-4JB] - 1907(WA)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6WR Perth (Claremont, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 435, 1928, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 1191, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Claremont, 1931-1936; Nedlands, 1937; Claremont, 1943); control operator (Nedlands, 1949-1954); technician (Perth, 1958)

===''RODWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Rodwell|Rodwell, Albert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWX8-VG7] - 1909(Qld)-1976(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Bowen Hills, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Bowen Hills, Qld, 1936-1937); grocer (Kedron, Qld, 1943-1949); company manager (Wavell Heights, Qld, 1954-1968); bookseller (Aspley, Qld, 1972)

===''ROGERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Bernard Stanley Rogers|Rogers, Bernard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXPV-L34] - 1912(SA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5FG Adelaide (Blackwood, 1934-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1948; Glandore, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1274, 1934, SA; 1COCP 907, 1945 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Edwardstown, SA, 1939-1943)

===''ROHDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Campbell Rohde|Rohde, William Campbell &quot;Bill&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76S-GRF] - 1907(Qld)-1991(Qld) - Licences: 4RW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1929-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 493, 1929, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (YWCA Wireless Club); comms engineer (PMGD); broadcast engineer (4QG) - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Red Hill, 1934-1943; Newmarket, 1949); postal engineer (Coorparoo, 1958-1980)

===''ROLLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Rolls|Rolls, Sydney]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX95-V3F] - 1886(???)-1957(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, Central Office, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Auburn, Vic, 1916-1919); naval officer (Camberwell, Vic, 1924-1925); engineer (Hawthorn, Vic, 1928-1949)

===''ROSCOE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Thomas Roscoe|Roscoe, Geoffrey Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QR-GJY] - 1900(Qld)-1985(Qld) - Licences: Receive Condamine (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Condamine, Qld, 1925; Macknade, Qld, 1936-1937; Boonah, Qld, 1943); retired (St Lucia, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''ROSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William (Qld) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Qld)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DS-JJM] - 1911(Qld)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 4RR Brisbane (1925); 4RQ Longreach (1930-1939, 1946-1948); 2AQR Wallsend (1956-1961); 2AQR Avoca (1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 576, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; chemist - Comment: Another Robert William Rose b1923 BOCP 993 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Toowong, 1925); chemist (Longreach, 1936-1949; West Wallsend, 1958-1963; Avoca Beach, 1968)
* [[/Robert William (Vic) Rose|Rose, Robert William (Vic)]] - 1923(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; BOCP 993, 1948; 3AIR 1790, 1951 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROSENSKJAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Rosenskjar|Rosenskjar, F.]] - 19??-19?? - 4?? Brisbane (Fairfield) (Operator 4BI), amateur operator, amateur broadcaster
===''ROSS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander David Ross|Ross, Alexander David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G68V-KFR] - 1883(Sct)-1966(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as Professor of Mathematics &amp; Physics, University of Perth) - Electoral Rolls: university professor (Perth Club, 1916; West Perth, 1925-1954); retired (Albany, WA, 1958-1963) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ross-alexander-david-8270 ADB]; [[w:Alexander_David_Ross|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.news.uwa.edu.au/archive/201206204747/features/setting-standards-excellence/ UWA]
* [[/John Francis Ross|Ross, John Francis &quot;Jack&quot;]] - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - engineer (PMGD); journalist (editor, The Broadcaster); historian (broadcasting, Amateur Radio, radiocommunications); author (&quot;History of Radio in South Australia&quot;; &quot;Radio Broadcast Technology&quot;) - Electoral Rolls:

===''ROUTLEDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Angus Routledge|Routledge, Robert Angus &quot;Bob&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX2-BDP] - 1913(SA)-1997(SA) - Licences: 5RA Adelaide (Richmond, 1930-1931; Henley Beach, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 679, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: manufacturer (Henley, 1939); radio technician (Henley, 1941); physics technician (Glenelg, 1943)

===''ROWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. L. Rowe|Rowe, R. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2LR Sydney (Milsons Point, 1928; McMahons Point, 1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 267, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''ROWLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert George Rowland|Rowland, Robert George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH14-G2J] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Ballarat (1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 657, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Grovedale, 1924); storekeeper (Majorca, 1925-1927; Ballarat, 1931); radio dealer (Ballarat, 1936-1980) - Don't Confuse: 3ZGG/3AFS Robert George Rowlands

===''ROWLATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Rowlatt|Rowlatt, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCMJ-HZT] - 1892(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1915-1921); engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1925-1937); mechanical engineer (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1943-1968); retired (Chermside, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''ROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. J. Roy|Roy, A. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 577, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator?; amateur broadcaster? - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Individual not yet identified (115 Skene St, Warrnambool, Vic - 1930)
===''ROYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Arthur Kirkcaldy Royle|Royle, William Arthur Kirkcaldy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ13-BBQ] - 1909(NSW)-1965(NSW) - Licences: 2WA Sydney (Edgecliff, 1927-1928); 2AWK Sydney (Darling Point, 1946-1950; Sandringham, 1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 318, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: underwriter (Edgecliff, 1936-1954); agent (Sandringham, 1958)

===''RUBAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Peter Ruban|Ruban, John Peter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-DMS] - 1925(???)-2015(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC) - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Footscray North, 1963-1968); technician (Maidstone, Vic, 1972-1980)
===''RUMBOLD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Rumbold|Rumbold, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VKD-BSQ] - 1907(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3GR Bendigo (1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 349, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Bendigo, 1928); insurance agent (Kyneton, 1931; Shepparton, 1931; Bendigo, 1936-1937); assistant superintendent (Bendigo, 1942-1954); cabinet maker (Bendigo, 1963-1972)
===''RUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Ruse|Ruse, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZMB-QWY] - 1891(Vic)-1987(WA)95yo - Licences: 6WK Perth (Perth City, 1930-1931; Osborne Park, 1933-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 627, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Osborne Park, 1916-1972); retired (Bunbury, 1977-1980)

===''RYAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert John Ryan|Ryan, Albert John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZWH-V6X] - 1897(Vic)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 2LE Canberra (Kingston, 1930-1933); 2YN Canberra (Kingston, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: CPRT 489, 1919; AOLCP 80, 1932; no record of AOCP - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; broadcast engineer; PMGD (junior mechanic NSW, 1917; clerk, 1919); founder of 2CA Canberra commercial - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AJR's
* [[/George Edward Ryan|Ryan, George Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CM-RCC] - 1910(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1939; Dutton Park, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1633, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; telephone mechanic (PMGD) - Comment: several contemporaneous GERs - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1937); telephone mechanic (South Brisbane, Qld, 1943-1954); PMG Instructor (St Lucia, Qld, 1958); instructor (Taringa, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''RYMILL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Campbell Rymill|Rymill, Arthur Campbell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LXVS-CTB] - 1907(SA)-1989(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Robert Riddoch Rymill|Rymill, Robert Riddoch]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5N-YC9] - 1904(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: V753 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GX Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ethnologist (South Yarra, 1931) - Links: [https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/535352 WW2]

=='''S'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''SAAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Saar|Saar, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ52-N3K] - 1889(???)-1956(WA) - Licences: 6CZ Receive Perth (West Perth, 1923); 6CZ Northam (1923-1925); 6KM Eucla (1926-1927); 6KM Geraldton (1933); 6KM Perth (Maylands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 264, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraph lineman (North Perth, WA, 1915); postal electrician (Northam, WA, 1917); mechanic (Bunbury, WA, 1916-1917; Balkatta, WA, 1922; Eucla, WA, 1925-1926; North Perth, WA, 1928; Maylands, WA, 1931); postal electrician (Maylands, WA, 1936-1954)

===''SAGAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Noel Sagar|Sagar, Eric Noel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKS-4J9] - 1896(SA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 5CM Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1923); 5CM Adelaide (Largs Bay, 1924-1926); 4ES Brisbane (Greenslopes, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Halcyon: Not mentioned - Electoral Rolls: manager (Greenslopes, Qld, 1932); engineer (Darlinghurst, 1943-1949); orchardist (Kincumber, NSW, 1949-1958)

===''SAINSBURY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Henry Sainsbury|Sainsbury, Rupert Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L28X-5H3] - 1896(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1924-1936); 4YJ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1937-1939); 2YJ Sydney (Concord, 1946-1954; Epping, 1955-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 54, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Concord, 1930); traveller (Hendra, 1936-1937); soldier (Norman Park, 1943); executive (Concord West, 1949-1954); commercial traveller (Epping, 1958-1968)
===''SAINTY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Melville Sainty|Sainty, Clifford Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ61-1GZ] - 1907(NSW)-1987(SA) - 2MS Warrawee (1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 88, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, likely related to XAH S. J. Sainty

===''SALAMY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Salamy|Salamy, Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZHH-VWR] - 1904(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: 3AJ Receive Warrnambool (1922-1923); 3AJ Warrnambool (1924-1933); 3PS Warrnambool (1948-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 35, 1924, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: jeweller (Warrnambool, 1924-1977)

===''SAMPHIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Luke Samphier|Samphier, Richard Luke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L58L-DPC] - 1914(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6YZ Perth (City, 1936-1937; Victoria Park, 1938-1939; Carlisle, 1947-1955; Mt Lawley, 1956-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1717, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: blind school worker (North Perth, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1943); Blind School employee (Carlisle, WA, 1949-1954; Mt Lawley, WA, 1958)

===''SANDEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Otto Sandel|Sandel, Otto]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4J-54J] - 1905(Qld)-1999(NSW) - 2UW Sydney (Manly, 1923; Kensington, 1923-1924; Northbridge, 1924-1925; Bellevue Hill, 1926-1927); 2HH Sydney (Woollahra, 1936-1939, 1946-1969; Bondi, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 270, 1935, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; founder B class 2UW Sydney &amp; 2UX Wagga Wagga - don't confuse Charles Albert Sandell of AAE fame - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Woolahra, 1930-1931); engineer (Bondi, 1933; Edgecliff, 1936-1937; Bondi Junction, 1943-1954; Bondi Beach, 1958-1980)

===''SANDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Albert Sandell|Sandell, Charles Albert]] - 1886(Eng)-1980(WA) - early wireless experimenter, Sydney, 1911, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in ???), participant in the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, amateur broadcaster, military (WW1), don't confuse Otto Sandel of 2UW fame
===''SANDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Henry Sander|Sander, John Henry &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K6WF-H23] - 1906(WA)-1955(WA) - Licences: 6MS Geraldton (1935-1937); 6MS Perth (Cannington, 1938-1939, 1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1435, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wheelwright (Geraldton, WA, 1930); electrician (Geraldton, WA, 1931-1937); telephone mechanic (South Perth, WA, 1937; Cannington, WA, 1943-1954)

===''SANDERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas George Sanderson|Sanderson, Douglas George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WZJ-2K3] - 1924(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - broadcast engineer (PMGD); historian (broadcast); federal public servant (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: PMG technician (Torwood, Qld, 1949-1954); technician (Ashgrove, Qld, 1958-1968); engineer (Chermside, Qld, 1972; Windsor, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SANDHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Keith Sandham|Sandham, James Keith &quot;Keith&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''SAUNDERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Lewis Saunders|Saunders, Alfred Lewis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-FMS] - 1909(SA)-2003(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Hyde Park, 1923-1924); 5BX Adelaide (Glenelg, 1925-1939, 1946-1955; Plympton, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 223, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Glenelg, 1939-1943)

===''SAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick William Saw|Saw, Frederick William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9S9-JN3] - 1884(WA)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6DA Perth (Armadale, 1923-1926; Victoria Park, 1927); 6DA Albany (1930-1931); 6DA Perth (Wanneroo, 1933; North Perth, 1937-1939); 6DA Northam (1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 174, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: storekeeper (Armadale, 1909); electrician (Beverley, 1916-1917; Armadale, 1921-1925; Albany, 1928-1931; Balkatta, 1936; Leederville, 1937; Kalgoorlie, 1937-1943); mechanic (North Perth, 1949); retired (Triggs Island, 1954)
* [[/Malcolm Henry Saw|Saw, Malcolm Henry ]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVCY-H9M] - 1921(WA)-1997(WA) - 6SM Perth (Doubleview, 1960-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 3674, 1958, No. ?? in WA), WW2, engineer (Doubleview, 1972)
===''SAWFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Sawford|Sawford, Leonard Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LF7J-2XK] - 1908(SA)-1968(SA) - Licences: 5DH Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1923); 5LF Adelaide (Peterhead, 1925-1928; West Croydon, 1931; Largs, 1937-1939); 5YF Adelaide (Glen Osmond, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 173, 1925, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; agent (Largs, 1939) - Electoral Rolls: agent (Largs, SA, 1939-1941)

===''SCANLON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Lawrence Scanlon|Scanlon, William Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKG-3XR] - 1901(Tas)-1971(NSW) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1921-1923); 7AL Hobart (West Hobart, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; sales (Medhursts, Hobart to 1924, Launceston from 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SCHELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harley Irwin Schell|Schell, Harley Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD57-PV8] - 1907(Tas)-1996(Tas) - Licences: 7AW Receive West Burnie (1922); Receive West Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Kelso, 1936-1972)
===''SCHLEICHER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Schleicher|Schleicher, Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3D4-5RS] - 1918(Qld)-1997(Qld) - 4KS Brisbane (Toowong, 1938-1939, 1946-1947; Alderley, -1950+; Aspley, McDowall, -1980+) - amateur operator (AOCP 2144, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, radio club member (WIAQ), radio employee (Tracksons, manager service), business proprietor (Blue &amp; White Cabs comms)
===''SCHMIDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Frederick Schmidt|Schmidt, Ronald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88P-1B9] - 1913(Vic)-1990(Vic) - Licences: 3LY Trafalgar (1930); 3LY Moe (1931); 3LY Sale (1933-1939, 1946-1948); 3LY Melbourne (Camberwell, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 567, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 69, 1932; 1COCP 72, 1936; TVOCP 75, 1957 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Sale, 1934-1937); radio technician (Sale, 1949-1954); technician (Camberwell, 1954-1980)
===''SCHNITZERLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Francis Joseph Schnitzerling|Schnitzerling, Leonard Francis Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G885-W43] - 1907(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CK Warwick (1938-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2099, 1938, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, 1928-1968)

===''SCHOFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Schofield|Schofield, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXB3-69N] - 1874(Eng)-1971(WA)97yo - Licences: 6WS Perth (Peppermint Grove, 1935-1939, 1947-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1463, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1919); broker (Peppermint Grove, WA, 1922-1968)

===''SCHOLZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hans Scholz|Scholz, Hans &quot;Harold&quot; / &quot;Harry&quot; / &quot;Tibby&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G64P-CV3] - 19??(???)-1970(Qld) - Licences: 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1931); 4HR Nambour (1933); 4HR Brisbane (Coorparoo, 1937); 4HR Gladstone (1937-1939); 4HR Brisbane (Morningside, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 784, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ; South Brisbane RC; Brisbane DX Club); broadcast technician (PMGD) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); mechanic (Dalby, 1943); not stated (Morningside, 1949-1968)

===''SCHULTZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Nelson Schultz|Schultz, Leonard Nelson &quot;Len&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJY-QBF] - 1906(NSW)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1922); 2LO Sydney (Lane Cove, 1923-1930); 2ANM Sydney (Mosman, 1947-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 171, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 45, 1931; 3AIR 176, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (co-designed 2GB, 1926; involved 2CA, 4BH, 2MW, 5DN); professional associations (IRE: foundation member, vice-president, president); aviator (Royal Aero Club NSW, committee) - Electoral Rolls: broadcasting engineer (Mosman, 1935-1937); engineer (Mosman, 1949-1977)
===''SCHULTZE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Edwin Ludwig Schultze|Schultze, John Edwin Ludwig]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQTB-9FL] - 1906(Vic)-1969(Vic) - 3QO Receive Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1923-1924), 3JS Melbourne (Glenferrie, 1925-1933; Hawthorn, 1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 163, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, motor mechanic (Hawthorn, 1934)

===''SCOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Cecil John Scott|Scott, Alfred Cecil John &quot;Cecil&quot;, &quot;Cec&quot;, &quot;Scottie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M12J-9YK] - 1888(Tas)-1954(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Launceston (1923); 7CS Launceston (1925-1931); 7CS Hobart (Lindisfarne, 1933; Sandy Bay, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 56, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: well-known for comic QSL cards - Electoral Rolls: bench clerk (Nelson, 1936; Hobart South, 1943-1954)
* [[/Ernest Kilburn Scott|Scott, Ernest Kilburn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBDW-TBR] - 1868(Eng)-1941(Eng) - Came to Sydney in 1905 to organise electrical engineering department of University of Sydney, likely early wireless experimenter, promoted need for wireless telegraphy for Australia, returned to England ca 1910 - [https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Ernest_Kilburn_Scott Graces Guide - Ernest Kilburn Scott]
* [[/Francis Ladner Scott|Scott, Francis Ladner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHK-DTF] - 1899(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4BO Thursday Island (1933); 2UH Sydney (Randwick, 1934-1936; Naremburn, 1937-1938; La Perouse, 1939 - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 419, 1918; 2COCP 360, 1931; 1COCP 33, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; coastal wireless operator; military (UK Merchant Navy post WW1) - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Nundah, Qld, 1921-1925); radio telegraphist (Pinkenba, Qld, 1929; Thursday Island, Qld, 1931; Randwick, NSW, 1935; Waverton, NSW, 1943; Wyndham, WA, 1943; Rockhampton, Qld, 1949)
* [[/George Archibald Scott|Scott, George Archibald &quot;Scotty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G682-TGN] - 1882(Eng)-1940(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 607, 1921; 1COCP 181, 1931 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); PMGD (radio inspector, WA); witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as radio inspector, WA) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Rockhampton, 1913-1914; Hendra, 1915-1917); radio inspector (Fremantle, 1925-1937) - Links: [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84253651 Bio]
* [[/Herbert Godfrey Scott|Scott, Herbert Godfrey &quot;Herb&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MJ-JFJ] - 1902(Qld)-1968(Qld) - Licences: 4HS Toowoomba (1931-1937); 4HS Brisbane (Albion, 1938-1939; 1946-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 750, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (Qld Railways) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Toowoomba, 1925-1936; Albion, 1943-1968)
* [[/Jack Bartlett Scott|Scott, Jack Bartlett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VX-FLR] - 1909(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NR Sydney (Epping, 1930-1934); 2AJX Sydney (Cheltenham, 1938-1939; Epping, 1946-1950) - Qualifications: AOCP 685, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Epping, 1933-1935); engineer (Epping, 1949; Wahroonga, 1954-1968); retired (Carlingford, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert Ochiltree Scott|Scott, Robert Ochiltree]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H4-5SX] - 1898(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 2RS Gundagai (1929-1931); 2RS Balranald (1933); 3OS Scotsburn (1937-1939); 3OS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 476, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Ballarat, 1920-1924); farmer (Murrayville, 1925-1927; Gundagai, 1930); mechanic (South Yarra, 1943; Melbourne, 1949)
* [[/Robert Townley Scott|Scott, Robert Townley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7YC-MBK] - 1841(Eng)-1922(Qld) - senior state public servant (secretary, Qld Post &amp; Telegraph Dept), senior federal public servant (secretary, Postmaster-General's Department)
* [[/W. F. Scott|Scott, W. F.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane (West End) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 334, 1927, No. 37 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: likely father of H. S. Scott who was reported youngest ever to pass AOCP at age 16 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Walter Henry Scott|Scott, Walter Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G76Z-11G] - 1904(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Glenelg, 1923); 5HS Clare (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1888, 1937, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Clare, SA, 1939); telephone mechanic (Glenelg, SA, 1941-1943)

===''SEBIRE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Dudley Sebire|Sebire, Leon Dudley &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V2-QX5] - 1932(Vic)-2006(Vic) - Licences: 3CF Melbourne (Wandin North, 1956-1960) - Qualifications: 2COCP 1319, 1955; 1COCP 1786, 1955 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, director Telstra Broadcasting Branch - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Wandin Yallock, 1954); engineer (Mordialloc, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of 3MX Percival John Sebire - Awards: Member Order of Australia &quot;For service to communications, particularly broadcasting&quot; (1991)
* [[/Percival John Sebire|Sebire, Percival John &quot;Percy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCFD-Z2R] - 1904(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 3MX Melbourne (Moorabbin, 1930-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 692, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Elsternwick, 1926; Bentleigh, 1928-1936; Cheltenham, 1949; Moorabbin, 1954-1980) - Relationships: father of 3CF Leon Dudley Sebire
===''SEBLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William John Sebley|Sebley, William John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-7VL] - 1894(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4WS Ipswich (1931-1939, 1946-1948); Southport (1954-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 736, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Ipswich, 1915; North Ipswich, 1919-1949; Southport, 1954-1968);

===''SECCOMBE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Louis Mervyn Seccombe|Seccombe, Louis Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PW-XWM] - 1895(Tas)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 3KT Receive Melbourne (Ascot Vale, 1922-1923); 3KT Melbourne (East Kew, 1924; Ascot Vale, 1924-1925; Hawksburn, 1926; East Malvern, 1927); 2KT Sydney (Rockdale, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 396, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1919); commercial traveller (Ascot Vale, Vic, 1924); radio engineer (Rockdale, NSW, 1930-1937); wireless operator (Longreach, Qld, 1943); communications officer (Hurstville, 1949-1963); - Comment: Surname sometimes misspelled Secombe

===''SELBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George William Selby|Selby, George William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LCTW-BMT] - 1858(Vic)-1949(Vic) - early wireless and X-ray experimenter
===''SELF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Edward Self|Self, Thomas Edward]] - 1854(???)-19??(???) - b. 7 Jan 1854, Early Tasmanian wireless experimenter, demonstration before Royal Society 1898, beware another Thomas Edward Self (b. 9 Oct 1853) in Hobart at the same time
===''SELFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Giles Turner Selfe|Selfe, Harry Giles Turner]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K24M-5XB] - 1894(NSW)-1942(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 157, 1915; 1COCP 51, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIA Adelaide (1917-1918); WW2; RANVR (commissioned telegraphist, 1942) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Geraldton, WA, 1918; Broome, WA, 1922; Leichhardt, NSW, 1933; Darling Harbour, NSW, 1934-1937)
===''SELLENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Charles Sellenger|Sellenger, David Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VT-5GJ] - 1902(NSW)-1966(NSW) - Licences: 2DC Sydney (Hurstville, 1930-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 700, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Hurstville, 1930-1963)
===''SELLICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Sellick|Sellick, Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Mareeba, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
===''SELMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold George Selman|Selman, Harold George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRM4-3S8] - 1907(Vic)-1985(Vic) - 3GN Geelong (1925), 3GN Chilwell (1926), 3GN Geelong (1927), 3GN Melbourne (West Coburg, 1931), 3GN Geelong (1933), 3CM Geelong (1948-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 164, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, radio dealer (Geelong, 1954)

===''SEMMENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Segbert Cornwall Semmens|Semmens, George Segbert Cornwall]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G744-HQ5] - 1901(Vic)-1977(Vic) - Licences: XJCY Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1913-1914); V756 Receive (1922); 3GZ Receive Buln Buln East (1922); 3GS Laver's Hill (1925-1926); 3GS Queenstown (1927); 3GS Moreland (1931); 3GS Foxhow (1933); Melbourne (Essendon (1937-1939); Glen Iris (1946-1960); Clematis, 1965-1975); 3AEN Melbourne (Clematis, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 216, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Coburg, 1928; Preston, 1931; Essendon, 1936); res. chemist (Glen Iris, 1943-1963); technical adviser (Clematis, 1968-1977)

===''SERLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Serle|Serle, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-SC8] - 1910(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3RX Melbourne (Canterbury, 1928-1933; Toorak, 1938-1939; Elwood, 1946-1947); 3ARX Melbourne (Windsor, 1948-1956; Caulfield, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 443, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Camberwell North, 1931-1934; Kew, 1936; Toorak, 1937; St Kilda, 1942; Prahran, 1949; Caulfield South, 1963-1972)

===''SEWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Lambert Holt Sewell|Sewell, Percy Lambert Holt]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDM1-YB1] - 1900(NSW)-1949(NSW) - Licences: 2CJ Receive Sydney (Paddington, 1922); 2CJ Sydney (Paddington, 1922-1925; Darlinghurst, 1925-1926) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Fire Station, Mittagong, 1930-1935; Mittagong, 1936-1937; Kempsey, 1943); installation inspector (Queanbeyan, 1949)

===''SEYLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Jakob Seyler|Seyler, Albert Jakob or Jacob]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8NL-F5N] - 1913(Ger)-1977(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - WW2 (Luftwaffe); radar engineer; television researcher; PMGD Research Laboratories (Assistant Director General) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mt Waverley, 1963; Burwood, 1968); PMG (Croydon, 1972); assistant director (Emerald, 1977) - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/seyler-albert-jakob-11660 ADB]

===''SHANNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Henry Shannon|Shannon, Francis Henry &quot;Frank&quot;]] - 1910(Qld)-1991(Qld) - 4SN Allora (1938-1939), Tamborine (1946-1947), Minden (1948-1956), Ipswich (1960-191975), Toowoomba (1980+),  amateur operator (AOCP 2145, 1938, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster , radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, WIA, Qld Listeners' League), journalist (AR, VK4 Notes), occupation (school teacher)

===''SHARLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Henry Sharland|Sharland, Arthur Henry &quot;Chilla&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZD-ZKS] - 1909(Qld)-1983(Qld) - Licences: 4SD Brisbane (Boondall, 1936-1939, 1946-1948; Ekibin, 1954); 4SD Cloncurry (1955); 4SD Brisbane (Wynnum North, 1956); 4SD Rockhampton (1960); 4SD Yeppoon (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1807, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAN, wireless operator); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Boondall, Qld, 1937-1943); Commonwealth officer (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954); communications officer (Rockhampton, Qld, 1958-1963; Yeppoon, Qld, 1968-1977); retired (Causeway via Yeppoon, Qld, 1980)

===''SHARP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John James Charles Sharp|Sharp, John James Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBZ-TZV] - 1897(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Licences: 3KA Melbourne (Caulfield, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 591, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Prahran Gardens, 1919-1924; Caulfield, 1928-1972)
===''SHARPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Victor Sharpe|Sharpe, Frank Victor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMD2-GVZ] - 1904(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4AZ Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1924-1929; Ashgrove, 1930-1937; Redcliffe, 1938-1939); 4ZFS Brisbane (Clayfield, 1975); 4FV Brisbane (Clayfield, 1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 20, 1924, No. 4 in Qld; AOCP Q112, 1975 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (RSQ, WIAQ); military (AMF) - Awards: C.M.G.; O.B.E. - Electoral Rolls: merchant (Wooloowin, 1925-1929); director (Ashgrove, 1934-1937); soldier (Ashgrove, 1943); machinist (likely typo for merchant) (Clayfield, 1949); merchant (Clayfield, 1954-1980)

===''SHAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald John Shaw|Shaw, Archibald John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8K2-ZDZ] - 1872(NSW)-1916(Vic) - XPO King Island (1911); X?? Sydney (Randwick), early wireless experimenter, proprietor Maritime Wireless Telegraph Co of Australasia (1910+) with Edward Hope Kirkby, technical specialist - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/shaw-archibald-john-8404 ADB] [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199003.pdf EA]
* [[/J. G. Shaw|Shaw, J. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Chelmer, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Raymond Herbert Preston Shaw|Shaw, Raymond Herbert Preston]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3J-J31] - 1901(Eng)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 2LY Receive Sydney (Bondi, 1922-1923); 2LY Sydney (Woolahra, 1924-1929; South Kensington, 1930) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 664, 1921 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Kensington, 1930-1931; Vaucluse, 1932-1980)

===''SHAWSMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Alan &quot;Smithy&quot; or Alan Shaw Smith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G37T-B3Y] - 1917(Qld)-2010(Qld) - Licences: 4SA Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1935-1939); 4SS Brisbane (West End, -1952-2010) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1582, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; historian (amateur); journalist; broadcast engineer (ABC2); public servant (ABC2) - Relationships: Father of 4JSS Steven Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Salisbury, Qld, 1943); radio mechanic (West End, Qld, 1949); builder (West End, Qld, 1954-1980)
* [[/Steven Shawsmith|Shawsmith, Steven &quot;Steve&quot;]] - Licences: 4JSS Brisbane - Qualifications:  (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld) - amateur operator - Relationships: Son of 4SA-4SS Alan Shawsmith - Electoral Rolls:

===''SHEARER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Anderson Shearer|Shearer, Gordon Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV5G-JW4] - 1907(Qld)-1984(Vic) - Licences: 4FU Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923-1924); 4GA Gayndah (1930); 4GA Mt Nebo (1931-1934); 4GA Cloncurry (Quamby, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 447, 1928, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 95, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; employment (school teacher); state public servant (Qld Dept Education); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Quamby, Qld, 1937; Westbrook, Qld, 1943); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1949); communications officer (Cloncurry, 1954); supervisor (Surrey Hills, 1963-1968); retired (Vermont, 1972-1980)
===''SHEARSTONE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vincent Leonard Shearstone|Shearstone, Vincent Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G895-CYJ] - 1916(Eng)-1983(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: BOCP 4, 1936 - WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Albury, 1937); radio announcer (Goulburn, 1943); radio electrician (Goulburn, 1949-1980)
===''SHELDRICK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Cornwell Sheldrick|Sheldrick, Eric Cornwell &quot;Shel&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-X2X] - 1903(Eng)-1966(Tas) - Licences: 7BH Receive Launceston (1923); 7BH Launceston (1924-1926); 7BT Launceston (1927); 7BM Launceston (1931-1939); 7DM Burnie (1948-1954); 7DN Stowport (1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 60, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist's assistant (Launceston, 1928-1943)
===''SHENTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Hilton Shenton|Shenton, Maurice Hilton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G67C-Q1B] - 1903(Qld)-1940(Qld) - Licences: 4DC Receive Brisbane (Wynnum South, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: irrigation ganger (Bald Hills, 1925); assistant stream gauger (North Ipswich, 1928); public servant (Annerley, 1937)
===''SHEPARD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arundel Elmore Shepard|Shepard, Arundel Elmore]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8QY-8HX] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5DC Adelaide (Norwood, 1928-1930; Kent Town, 1931-1933; Norwood, 1937-1939; Toorak East, 1946-1965; Heathpool, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 393, 1928, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 136, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHEPHERD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. A. Shepherd|Shepherd, H. A.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQD Rockhampton (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SHERRIFF''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest George Sherriff|Sherriff, Ernest George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K877-WTX] - 1904(Qld)-1964(Qld) - Licences: 4SU Brisbane (Fairfield, 1935-1937; Hawthorne, 1938-1939; Brisbane City, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1464, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: machinist (Brisbane South, Qld, 1928); instructor of printing (Fairfield, Qld, 1937; Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''SHIELDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur James Edward Shields|Shields, Arthur James Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBCT-D5G] - 1894(Eng)-1948(Vic) - Licences: 3GP Melbourne (East Malvern, 1930-1939; North Balwyn, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 690, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (East Melbourne, 1925-1927; Malvern East, 1928; Camberwell, 1931-1933); auditor (Malvern East, 1934-1936); retired (Ringwood, 1943)

===''SHOEMAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Shoemaker|Shoemaker, Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G828-7LL] - 1879(USA)-1932(USA) - American inventor and pioneer radio engineer, developer of Shoemaker wireless system, associated with Gehring companies, International Telegraph Construction Co (represented in Australia by John William Ormsby Hamilton, who promoted the Shoemaker system here), United Wireless Telegraph Co, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co of America, Mallory companies - Links: [[w:Harry Shoemaker|Wikipedia]]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0026.pdf PIRE1]; [https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering-General/Archive-IRE-IDX/IDX/30s/IRE-1933-02-OCR-Page-0027.pdf PIRE2]
===''SHORING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Samuel Shoring|Shoring, Thomas Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-NDG] - 1914(Qld)-2002(Qld) - Licences: 4SR Bundaberg (1937-1939; 4SR Brisbane (New Farm, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1872, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Bundaberg, Qld, 1936-1937); salesman (Bundaberg, Qld, 1943); sound engineer (New Farm, Qld, 1954; Holland Park, Qld, 1963-1980)

===''SHORT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Alban Short|Short, Alfred Alban]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTS-9QQ] - 1904(NSW)-1946(NT) - Licences: 2SH Newcastle (Lambton, 1926-1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 280, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Lambton, 1930-1943)
* [[/Ormond Short|Short, Ormond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9VHH-SGM] - 1901(Vic)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3SK Melbourne (St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (St Kilda, 1925-1926); electrical engineer (Armadale, 1928; Horsham, 1931-1972); engineer (Horsham, 1977)
* [[/Walter Short|Short, Walter]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2AJ Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922); 2AJ Sydney (Manly, 1923-1924; Kirribilli, 1924; Manly, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Note: several contemporaneous WSs, insufficient data to identify
* [[/William Newton Short|Short, William Newton &quot;Newt&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G97J-HMM] - 1897(NSW)-1967(NSW) - Licences: 2ARA Sydney (Auburn, 1948-1954; Beacon Hill, 1955-1958; Auburn, 1960-1961; Beacon Hill, 1965); 2AOW Sydney (Auburn, 1957-1958) - Qualifications: AOCP 2829, 1948, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butcher (Ulmarra, 1930-1934); shopkeeper (Coraki, 1935-1936); munition worker (Mayfield, 1943); machinist (Auburn, 1949-1958); inspector (Beacon Hill, 1963)

===''SHORTELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Raymond Charles Shortell|Shortell, Raymond Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYMQ-4HQ] - 1904(Vic)-1991(Qld) - 3VB Receive Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1923-1924), 3RS Melbourne (St Kilda, 1925-1933), 3RS Shepparton (1937-1939), 3ARF Geelong West (1948-1954), 3ARF Melbourne (Croydon, 1955-1960; Hawthorn, 1965-1975), 4ARS Gold Coast (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 77, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster
===''SHORTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eddy Wilbee Shorten|Shorten, Eddy Wilbee or Welbee or Wiebec &quot;Ted&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MWN4-MZM] - 1899(Qld)-1980(Qld) - Licences: 4TS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 908, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIAQ, councillor) - Comment: Middle name variable; Birth Welbee; Marriage Wiebec; Death Wilbe; AOCP Wilbee - Electoral Rolls:
===''SHORTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Shortt|Shortt, Robert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4HF Camooweal (1933-1939); 5SR Tennant Creek (1947-1948); 5SR Adelaide (Glenunga, 1954; New Hindmarsh, 1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1193, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SIBLY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KC5R-MH6] - 1897(WA)-1976(NSW) - Licences: XYX Perth (North Perth, 1913-1914); 6AF Receive Perth (City, 1923); 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1923-1924; Inglewood, 1924); 2SB Sydney (Kirribilli, 1925-1927) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly; brother of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: insurance clerk (North Perth, 1919-1922); manager (Albion, Qld, 1936; Eagle Junction, Qld, 1937; Rose Bay, NSW, 1943-1958); retired (Rose Bay, 1963-1972)
* [[/Clifton Archibald Sibly|Sibly, Clifton Archibald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K41R-3JQ] - 1894(SA)-1964(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 225, 1915 - likely early wireless experimenter with brother Arthur's licence - Relationships: brother of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; uncle of 2ASY-3AUV Sydney Arthur Sibly - Electoral Rolls: farrier (North Perth, 1915-1937)
* [[/Sydney Arthur Sibly|Sibly, Sydney Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKF-F7R] - 1926(NSW)-2001(Vic) - Licences: 2ASY Sydney (Rose Bay, 1954; Kingsgrove, 1957-1965); 3AUV Melbourne (Eltham, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 945, 1945; BOCP 1049, 1949 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of XYX-6AF-2SB Arthur Sibly; nephew of Clifton Archibald Sibly - Electoral Rolls: communications officer (Kingsgrove, 1958-1963); clerk (Eltham, Vic, 1968-1977; Queanbeyan, 1980)

===''SIDEBOTTOM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Geoffrey Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-KGH] - 1902(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: 7BB Receive Launceston (1922); Receive Launceston (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Relationships: father of 7SK Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Launceston, 1928-1954) 
* [[/Maxwell Douglas Langford Sidebottom|Sidebottom, Maxwell Douglas Langford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-5QY] - 1922(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 7SK Hobart (Newtown, 1948); 7SK Howrah (1954-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2830, 1948, Vic - amateur operator; WW2 - Relationships: son of 7BB Geoffrey Lancelot Sidebottom - Electoral Rolls: sound engineer (New Town, 1949); mechanic (Bateau Bay, NSW, 1980)
===''SIDEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Longfield Sidey|Sidey, Robert Longfield]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-3P6] - 1874(NSW)-1951(NSW) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Lindfield, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: father of 2CB James Douglas Kay Sidey - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Lindfield, 1930-1949)
* [[/James Douglas Kay Sidey|Sidey, James Douglas Kay or Douglas James Kay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKSN-35P] - 1904(NSW)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2CB Receive Sydney (Lindfield, 1922-1923); 2CB Sydney (Lindfield, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: son of 2ZY Robert Longfield Sidey - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Bethungra, 1943-1949); no occupation (Junee, 1954)

===''SIEVERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest William Sievers|Sievers, Ernest William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KNJD-8MJ] - 1901(Qld)-1962(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1165, 1933, Qld; 2COCP 9, 1934; 1COCP 38, 1935 - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Kelvin Grove, 1925); night officer (Oakey, 1930); railway night officer (Narangba, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Ascot, 1943; Clayfield, 1949-1958)
* [[/William Frederick Sievers|Sievers, William Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-NDS] - 1902(Vic)-1996(Vic) - Licences: 3CB Receive Melbourne (East Richmond, 1922-1923); 3CB Melbourne (East Richmond &amp; South Yarra, 1924-1939, 1946-1960; Toorak, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 165, 1925, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Richmond, 1931-1943); reader (South Yarra, 1949-1963); meter reader (Toorak, 1972-1980)

===''SIGAL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Louis Sigal|Sigal, Harold Louis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ4R-XFJ] - 1908(SA)-1939(NSW) - Licences: 2UK Sydney (Woollahra, 1926-1930) - Qualifications: AOCP 253, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Woollahra, 1930); engineer (Melbourne East, 1931); electrician (Auburn North, 1933; Centennial Park, 1934; Bondi, 1936-1937; West Perth, 1943; Woolowin, 1949; Bellevue Hill, 1954; Kensington, 1958); manager (Bondi, 1963); salesman (Bondi, 1968); retired (Vaulcuse, 1977-1980)
===''SIGMONT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Sigmont|Sigmont, Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD58-221] - 1883(NSW)-1942(Vic) - Licences: 3AH Receive Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: patent attorney (Auburn, Vic, 1917; Elsternwick, 1924-1937; Seaford, 1942);

===''SILBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Clive Silby|Silby, Arthur Clive]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8B6-PSD] - 1894(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AF Perth (North Perth, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Australian Wireless Squadron) [https://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog/1911865/australian-wireless-squadron-aif-embarkation-roll/] - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Exeter, 1939-1943)

===''SILVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Leslie Silver|Silver, Frank Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94HC-LTV] - 1904(Qld)-1987(Qld) - Licences: 4FL Brisbane (Morningside, 1938-1939, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2086, 1938, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Morningside, Qld, 1937-1943); radio mechanic (Morningside, Qld, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur George Simmonds|Simmonds, Arthur George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DL-234] - 1906(Eng)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2GS Sydney (Arncliffe, 1930-1934); 2GS Murwillumbah (1935-1939); 4PG Bundaberg (1946-1948); 2APJ Sydney (Cronulla, 1954-1955; Caringbah, 1956-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 590, 1930, No. ?? in NSW; BOCP 207, 1938 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Arncliffe, 1933); gardner (Arncliffe, 1935); radio engineer (Murwillumbah, 1935-1937); technician (4BU Kalkie, 1943-1949)
* [[/Ernest John Simmonds|Simmonds, Ernest John]] - 19??(Eng)-19??(Eng) - G2OD Gerrard's Cross, Buckinghamshire, England, amateur operator, first to two way QSO Australia (Nov 1924, 3BQ)

===''SIMMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Trethowan Simmons|Simmons, Henry Trethowan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4M3-BP4] - 1905(WA)-1985(WA) - Licences: 6KX Perth (Subiaco, 1925-1928; Mt Lawley, 1931-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939, 1946-1948; West Perth, 1954-1955; Mt Pleasant, 1956-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 181, 1925, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1121, 1928; 2COCP 295, 1930; 1COCP 257, 1932 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer - Electoral Rolls: radio operator (Maylands, 1931), radio engineer (Nedlands, 1936; West Perth, 1949), engineer (Fremantle, 1958; Mt Pleasant, 1963-1980)
* [[/Leonard Joseph Simmons|Simmons, Leonard Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBM-SKH] - 1907(Vic)-1987(Vic) - Licences: 3LJ Melbourne (Belgrave, 1926-1931; East Prahran, 1933); 3LJ Rheola (1937-1939); 3LV Trafalgar (1948); 3LV Cheltenham (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 304, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Womerah, Yarram Yarram, 1928; Toolangi, Yea, 1931; Armadale, 1934-1936; Rheola, Bendigo, 1936-1937; Nanneela West, Bendigo, 1942; Cheltenham, 1949-1980)

===''SIMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Wilkinson Simms|Simms, Eric Wilkinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7XZ-9RN] - 1906(WA)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3KS Melbourne (Malvern, 1927-1931; Caulfield, 1933) - Qualifications: AOCP 360, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army, Lieutenant) - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Malvern, 1931); buyer (Caulfield, 1934; Hawthorn, 1936-1937); manager (Malvern East, 1949-1980)
===''SIMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Robert Simpson|Simpson, Leslie Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-4VD] - 1901(WA)-1966(Vic) - 3SA Ararat (1925-1933), 3SA Melbourne (Windsor, 1947-1965), amateur operator (AOCP 44, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, draper, salesman
* [[/Harry Blythe Simpson|Simpson, Harry Blythe]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-CZ3] - 1920(???)-2013(WA) - Licences: 6HS Perth (Leederville, 1937-1939; Mt Lawley, 1947-1948; Nedlands, 1954-1969; Lesmurdie, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2060, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: traveller (Claremont, WA, 1949-1968); marketing manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1972); manager (Lesmurdie, WA, 1977-1980)

===''SIMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Charles Sims|Sims, Eric Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8MK-NXC] - 1907(WA)-1992(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 344, 1927, No. 38 in Qld; 2COCP 16, 1934 - amateur operator; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (RAAF Point Cook, 1931-1934); QANTAS air pilot (Brisbane, 1936-1937); public servant (Box Hill, 1963) - Comment: several contemporaneous Eric Charles Sims, need to sort electoral rolls
* [[/Ernest Leslie Arthur Sims|Sims, Ernest Leslie Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ6H-6PF] - 1905(Vic)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3ZA Melbourne (Preston, 1930-1933); 3ZA Apollo Bay (1937-1939, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 622, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Preston, 1931; Apollo Bay, 1933-1937; Preston, 1942; Apollo Bay, 1949-1954)

===''SINGLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claude Paul Singleton|Singleton, Claude Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4JR-4SV] - 1914(WA)-1990(Qld) - Licences: 4UX Theodore (1936-1939); 4UX Bundaberg (1946-1947); 4UX Stanthorpe (1948); 4UX Atherton (1954-1955); 4UX Malanda (1956); 4UX Ayr (1960); 4UX Childers (1965); 4UX St George (1969); 4UX Gracemere (1975); 4UX Dalby (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1638, 1936, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast technician (4QW, 4QO, 4QW, 4RK, 4QS); federal public servant (PMGD); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: baker (Theodore, Qld, 1936-1937); radio mechanic (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1949); radio technician (Yungaburra, Qld, 1954); public servant (Gracemere, Qld, 1972)

===''SIRL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clarence William Charles Sirl|Sirl, Clarence William Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89J-9LJ] - 1913(SA)-1981(WA) - Licences: 6XG Katanning (1938-1939; 1947-1969) - Qualifications: BOCP 3, 1936; AOCP 2132, 1938, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Katanning, 1937-1968)

===''SLADE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Irwin Slade|Slade, Charles Irwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDN1-G28] - 1921(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3PZ Melbourne (Elwood, 1938-1939, 1947-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2172, 1938, Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: student (St Kilda, 1949-1954); medical practitioner (St Kilda, 1967-1968; Elwood, 1972-1980)
* [[/Charles William Slade|Slade, Charles William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GH3R-28W] - 1893(Eng)-1962(NSW) - Licences: 2SX Sydney (Croydon, 1925-1939, 1946-1961 - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; English PMG Certificate 1st class - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (RAN, 1909-1924); Wireless Weekly (technical editor, 1925-1928); Daily Telegraph (radio &amp; technical editor, 1928-1929); Keogh Radio (engineer, 1929-1930); Croydon Radio (proprietor, 1930-1933+) - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer, R.A.N. (Croydon, 1943-1958)
===''SLATER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. F. Slater|Slater, J. F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Sheffield (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Harold Ivan Slater|Slater, Harold Ivan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDT3-7JP] - 1898(Tas)-1971(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Kelso (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: pastoralist (Kelso, Tas, 1919); labourer (Maypole Hotel, New Town, Tas); no occupation (Middle Park, Vic, 1926); airman (Point Cook, Vic, 1927; Middle Park, 1931); traveller (Elsternwick, 1936-1968)
===''SLATTERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Patrick Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Patrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G824-KHF] - 1866(Irl)-1931(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: clergyman (St John's College, Camperdown; St Vincent's, Ashfield, 1930) - Links: [[w:Joseph Patrick Slattery|Wikipedia]]; [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/slattery-joseph-patrick-8453 ADB]
* [[/Joseph Samuel Francis Slattery|Slattery, Joseph Samuel Francis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVN-SSF] - 1894(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 50, 1915; CPRT 167, 1915; 2COCP 324, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIN Geraldton (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1916; Esperance, WA, 1916; RAN radio station, Geraldton, 1917); travelling salesman (Stanthorpe, 1928-1930); traveller (Tamworth, 1932-1933; Woollahra, NSW, 1933-1935); commercial traveller (New Farm, 1936; Hamilton, Qld, 1937; Fairfield, Qld, 1949; West Sydney, 1949-1954); radio officer (Mascot, NSW, 1958-1963); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''SMART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Smart|Smart, Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHD-TNH] - 1891(NZ)-1980(NZ) - Licences: 4SM Barcaldine (1936-1937); 4SM Paterson (1938-1939); 4SM Longreach (1946-1948); 4SM Cairns (Cairns City, 1954-1956; Freshwater, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1625, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boiler attendant (Dunevia Station, Blackhall, Qld, 1913); motor engineer (Aramac, Qld, 1916-1925; Barcaldine, 1928-1937); freeholder (Longreach, Qld, 1943); mechanic (Longreach, Qld, 1949); farmer (Cairns, Qld, 1954-1958); retired (Freshwater, Qld, 1963-1972; Cairns, Qld, 1977)

===''SMELLIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ellis Henry Smellie|Smellie, Ellis Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-FDM] - 1893(Vic)-1991(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 218, 1930; 1COCP 240, 1931 - RANRS (temp Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Radio Station, Applecross, 1925; Geraldton, 1931; Broome, 1936); telegraphist (Caulfield, Vic, 1942-1949); radio officer (Caulfield, Vic, 1954; Blackburn, 1963-1980)

===''SMIBERT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, George]] - 1840(Sct)-1899(Vic) - clubs (founding member Telegraph Electrical Society Vic), employment (Postal Department Vic, chief electrician), brother of James Smibert Deputy Postmaster-General Victoria
* [[/George Smibert|Smibert, James]] - 1836(Sct)-1912(Vic) - employment (Postal Department Vic, Deputy Postmaster-General, appointed following early passing of Samuel Walker McGowan), created a nepotism scandal by early promotion of brother and brother-in-law to the most senior positions in Vic Post &amp; Telegraphs in the early 1890s, likely reason for the positioning of Qld appointees at the top of the Federal PMGD in 1901; the brother of George Smibert Chief Electrician, Postal Dept Vic

===''SMITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Smith, Alan Shaw - See Alan Shawsmith (change of name)
* [[/Arthur Carrington Smith|Smith, Arthur Carrington]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDKV-VL2] - 1902(Tas)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 7BN Receive Launceston (1923); 7AB Launceston (1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 8, 1924, No. ?? in Tas; CPRT 930, 1926 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; broadcast engineer (operator 7BN Wills &amp; Co wannabe Class B); recording engineer (Cinesound Productions Ltd, Bondi, 1932); inventor of sound-on-film systems - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Launceston, 1928); recording engineer (Bronte, 1931-1935); engineer (Bondi, 1936-1937); recording engineer (Clovelly, 1943-1949; Waverley, 1963-1968); engineer (Waverley, 1977-1980)
* [[/Austen Cyril Smith|Smith, Austen Cyril]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6N-JKF] - 1904(Eng)-1992(NSW) - Licences: 2FS Sydney (Croydon, 1924-1925; Burwood, 1925; Maroubra, 1930-1933; Homebush, 1933; Burwood, 1934-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 75, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio agent - Electoral Rolls: radio agent (Burwood, 1934-1937); radio mechanic (Burwood, 1943-1954); radio engineer (Burwood, 1958-1963); retired (Lower Hawkesbury, 1972-1980)
* [[/C. Smith|Smith, C.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7BA Receive Stanley (1922); Receive Stanley (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Cedric Preston Smith|Smith, Cedric Preston or Preston-Smith, Cedric]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8BB-X47] - 1907(NSW)-1974(NSW) - Licences: 2ZZ Sydney (Cremorne, 1924); 2QK Sydney (Manly, 1935-1936; Balgowlah, 1937; Lane Cove, 1938-1939); 2CD Sydney (Cremorne, 1958-1961; Palm Beach, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bank accountant (Binnaway, 1930); bank officer (Manly, 1932; Balgowlah, 1934-1937; South Melbourne, Vic, 1943-1949); bank manager (Ballarat, 1954; Cremorne, 1958-1963); retired (Palm Beach, 1963-1968)
* [[/Charles Frederick Smith|Smith, Charles Frederick]] - 1908(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: No licence yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 418, 1928, No. ?? in NSW; CPRTelephony 1112, 1928; 2COCP 44, 1929 - amateur operator - Electoral Rolls: Several contemporaneous Charles Frederick Smith's, not yet identified
* [[/Colin Hughes Smith|Smith, Colin Hughes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2YH-LLB] - 1910(Vic)-1998(Vic) - Licences: 3PK Melbourne (East Kew, 1928-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 433, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Kew, 1931-1937); engineer (Kew, 1943-1980)
* [[/Herbert Henry Baker Smith|Smith, Herbert Henry Baker]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFN-H6R] - 19??(???)-1932(Qld) - Licences: 4DP Receive Cairns (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Cairns, Qld, 1925-1930)
* [[/J. H. Smith|Smith, J. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EA Receive Beenleigh (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Albert Malcolm Smith|Smith, John Albert Malcolm]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L264-537] - 1911(Eng)-1987(SA) - Licences: 5JR Adelaide (St Peters, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1375, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/P. W. Smith|Smith, P. W.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4EF Receive Brisbane (Alderley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Sidney Hugh Holland Smith|Smith, Sidney Hugh Holland]] - 1861(???)-1933(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, senior state public servant (Qld P&amp;T, Chief Mechanician), senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Mechanician, Qld), radio clubs (QWI, vice president), business proprietor (Telephone and Electrical Supplies Co)
* [[/Stuart Disney Paull Smith|Smith, Stuart (Birth) or Stewart (Electoral Rolls) Disney Paull or Paul]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDB-8D8] - 1913(Qld)-1986(Qld) - Licences: 4LA Brisbane (Corinda, 1934-1939); 4LA Amberley (1946-1948); 4LA Brisbane (Camp Hill, 1960-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1303, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, councillor); military (RAAF, navigator); broadcast technician (4BC); Dept Education (O/C Radio) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Corinda, Qld, 1936-1949); radio technician (New Farm, Qld, 1949); maintenance officer (Camp Hill, Qld, 1954-1963); public servant (Camp Hill, Qld, 1972-1980)
* [[/Sydney Smith|Smith, Sydney]] - 1856(NSW)-1934(NSW) - senior state politician (NSW MLA), senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1904-1905)
* [[/Wilfred Smith|Smith, Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRQ-PQ1] - 1896(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5AG Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1937-1939, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 602, 1921; 2COCP 419, 1941; 1COCP 882, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Henley, SA, 1939-1943)
* [[/William Arthur Smith|Smith, William Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCX-XL9] - 1906(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5LZ Wallaroo (1929-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 526, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Glenunga, 1939-1943) - beware several contemporaneous William Arthur Smith's
* [[/William Henry Smith|Smith, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2V-L4R] - 1911(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5SW Adelaide (Woodville, 1937-1939, 1947-1956); 5ASW Adelaide (Woodville, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1996, 1937, SA; BOCP 431, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Several contemporaneous WHSs - Electoral Rolls: operator (Woodville, SA, 1939)
* [[/W. J. Smith|Smith, W. J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: N758 Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922); 2IC Receive Sydney (Hurstville, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''SMITHERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Charles Smithers|Smithers, Ernest Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8Z1-GQ1] - 1885(NSW)-1953(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: AOCP 552, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: inspector of fisheries (Urunga, 1930); inspector (Burwood, 1930-1949)

===''SMYTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cedric Walter Smyth|Smyth, Cedric Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1C-4MX] - 1916(WA)-1987(SA) - Licences: 7CD Devonport (1933-1939); 3ACH Melbourne (Doncaster East, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1133, 1933, Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Preston, Vic, 1942-1949); engineer (Doncaster East, 1954-1977)
* [[/Victor Loftus Smyth|Smyth, Victor Loftus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR8F-P8L] - 1905(Vic)-1972(Vic) - Licences: 3PJ Receive Geelong (1923); 3PJ Geelong (1924); 3PJ Bendigo (1924-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 126, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Bendigo, 1928-1972)
===''SMYTHE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Cresswell Smythe|Smythe, Alan (BMD) or Allan (Electoral Rolls) Cresswell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JQ-V9V] - 1908(SA)-1983(SA) - Licences: 5MF Adelaide (Torrensville, 1930-1939, 1946-1948; Hazlewood Park, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 658, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 135, 1933; BOCP 125, 1937; 1COCP 196, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Torrensville, SA, 1939-1943)

===''SNADDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Ernest Snaddon|Snaddon, John Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLF-B75] - 1920(Eng)-1944(Aegean Sea) - Licences: 3VE Melbourne (Malvern, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2322, 1939, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 459 Squadron, Warrant Officer) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/snaddon-john-ernest-409361/]
===''SNAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Samuel Leslie Snaith|Snaith, Samuel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJN-2S8] - 1901(Vic)-1961(Vic) - Licences: 3ZR Melbourne (Footscray, 1923-1926; Newport, 1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 166, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Footscray, 1924-1928; Newport, 1931-1954)
===''SNAPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Fairlie Roger de Burgh Snape|Snape, Fairlie Roger de Burgh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G649-B1V] - 1900(NSW)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 2NU Receive Quirindi (1923); 4JK Willis Island (1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 695, 1922; 2COCP 340, 1931; 1COCP 221, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: operator (Quirindi, 1930); wireless operator (Quirindi, 1934-1936); radio engineer (Killara, 1949-1968); engineer (Killara, 1980)
===''SNOOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Keith Charles Snook|Snook, Keith Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTG-Z2D] - 1908(Tas)-1946(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 (RAAF) - Electoral Rolls: motor engineer (Hobart North, 1936); motor mechanic (Hobart Central, 1937)
===''SNOSWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Raymond Snoswell|Snoswell, Alfred Raymond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9NWH-MCT] - 1899(SA)-1971(SA) - Licences: 5AD Adelaide (Exeter, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; electrical engineer - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Largs, 1939-1943)

===''SODEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander William Soden|Soden, Alexander William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8N9-7M1] - 1909(Qld)-1948(Qld) - Licences: 4AS Brisbane (Annerley, 1930-1939; Yeerongpilly, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 634, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Annerley, 1934-1943)
===''SOUMPROU''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emile Walter Soumprou|Soumprou, Emile Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9ZZF-SX7] - 1906(Vic)-1955(Vic) - Licences: 3WK Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1931; North Fitzroy, 1938-1939, 1946-1948; East Brighton, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: AOCP 511, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: student (Northcote, 1936-1937); retired (Fitzroy North, 1942-1949); Elsternwick, 1954)
===''SOUTHWELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Lindsay Southwell|Southwell, Clifford Lindsay]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-FDF] - 1897(???)-1973(NSW) - 2SW Sydney (Cremorne, 1925-1926; Northbridge, 1927-1929; Brighton-Le-Sands, 1930-1931; Northbridge, 1933-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 131, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW1 (Army, Private) &amp; WW2 (Australian Army, colonel), sales manager (1954)
* [[/Leslie William Douglas Southwell|Southwell, Leslie William Douglas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9WXT-S8L] - 1900(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3SL Seymour (1924-1939, 1946-1954); 3SL Melbourne (Montrose, 1955-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 250, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Seymour, 1931-1954)
* [[/Noel Leslie Southwell|Southwell, Noel Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZNM-ZJW] - 1919(NSW)-1998(NSW) - 2ZF Sydney (Leichhardt, 1935-1939, 1946-1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980+), qualifications (AOCP 1565, 1935, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 149, 1937), amateur operator, broadcast technician (1949), QSL collection survives ARDXC/NFSA

===''SPARK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Spark|Spark, John]] - 1879(USA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6AC Perth (City, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: soldier (Fremantle, 1917); civil servant (West Perth, 1921) - Comment: identification not certain
===''SPEDDING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Thomas Spedding|Spedding, Edward Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQ82-ZCM] - 1897(NSW)-1958(NSW) - Licences: 4DU Receive Brandon (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: bookkeeper (Brandon, Qld, 1921-1925); clerk (Lakemba, NSW, 1932-1958)

===''SPENCE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Keith Spence|Spence, Edward Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBYN-S3H] - 1908(Qld)-1980(NSW) - Licences: 4DT Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Union Bank, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 1930; Wellington, NSW, 1934); bank officer (Bondi, NSW, 1936; Rose Bay, NSW, 1937; Epping, NSW, 1943-1949; Northbridge, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Cremorne, NSW, 1980)
* [[/William Guthrie Spence|Spence, William Guthrie]] - 1846(Sco)-1926(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1914-1915)
===''SPENCER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Derek David Spencer|Spencer, Derek David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFSW-N55] - 1909(Eng)-1982(Tas) - Licences: 3DS Melbourne (Altona, 1934-1937); 6DS Perth (Pearce, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1280, 1934, Vic; AOLCP 157, 1934; 2COCP 55, 1936; 1COCP 111, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: poultry farmer (Ulverstone, Tas, 1954; Leven, Tas, 1963); farmer (Gawler, Tas, 1972)

===''SPERRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred John Sperring|Sperring, Wilfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KVLY-JPK] - 1917(WA)-1966(WA) - Licences: 6SP Perth (Victoria Park, 1937-1939, 1947-1948; Belmont, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1920, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: apprentice (Victoria Park, WA, 1943); mechanic (Victoria Park, WA, 1949); radio engineer (Belmont, WA, 1954-1963)

===''SPICER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Victor John Spicer|Spicer, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88M-KKY] - 1910(Eng)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3VS Melbourne (Mordialloc, 1929-1931; East Malvern, 1933; North Fitzroy, 1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: AOCP 554, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Malvern East, 1934); constable (Port Melbourne, 1936; Fitzroy, 1937-1954; Carlton South, 1967-1968); retired (Hurstbridge, Vic, 1977-1980) 
===''SPITZKOWSKY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max Royston Stanley Spitzkowsky|Spitzkowsky, Max Royston Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZYD-23H] - 1904(NSW)-1989(NSW) - Licences: 2MS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1926-1975) - Qualifications: AOCP 302, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Hamilton, 1932-1972)
===''SPOTSWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Ernest Spotswood|Spotswood, Cyril Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-4GM] - 1897(Tas)-1964(Tas) - Licences: Receive Burnie (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Burnie, 1936-1943); fettler (Burnie, 1949-1954)
* [[/Innis Jane Lovett Spotswood|Humphry nee Spotswood, Innis Jane Lovett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/M7P4-M7C] - 1892(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Poopoonbah via Giru (1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1356, 1934, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: second YL operator in Qld - Relationships: Wife of 4JK Jack Lawrence Humphry - Electoral Rolls: home duties (Ching Do Siding, Ayr, Qld, 1919-1936; Giru, Qld, 1937-1949; Poopoonbah, Qld, 1954; St Lucia, Qld, 1958-1972)

===''SPRENGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Ernest Sprenger|Sprenger, Herbert Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMQD-2CJ] - 1914(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4ES Bundaberg (1932-1939); 4ES Brisbane (New Farm, 1946-1948; Holland Park, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, 1955-1960; Rainworth, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications:  cc; AOCP 1064, 1932, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 165, 1938; 1COCP 530, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio clubs (WIAQ); state public servant (Qld Police, radio comms) - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bundaberg, 1936-1937); police constable (New Farm, Qld, 1943-1949); sergeant police (Holland Park, Qld, 1954; Upper Mt Gravatt, Qld, 1958); sub-inspector police (Rainworth, Qld, 1963-1968); police officer (Rainworth, Qld, 1972); retired (Bardon, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''SPURRIER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Charles Spurrier|Spurrier, Leonard Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTY1-WZJ] - 1904(Wales)-1984(SA) - Licences: S382 Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1922); 5AL Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923); Receive Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Clarence Park, 1939-1941; Eden Hills, 1943)

===''SQUIRES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Squires|Squires, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CX-3GW] - 1909(WA)-1972(???) - Licences: 6JS Perth (Cannington, 1929-1939; Como, 1946-1956; Nedlands, 1960; West Leederville, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 510, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cannington, 1931-1936); sales manager (Midland Junction, 1937; South Perth, 1943-1954); manager (Subiaco, 1963); business manager (West Kalamunda, 1968)

===''ST JOHN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Clive Bolingbroke St John|St John, Henry Clive Bolingbroke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LBTN-PV8] - 1895(Eng)-1972(NSW) - Licences: 2RX Receive Sydney (Rockdale, 1923-1925); 2RX Sydney (Rockdale, 1926-1939; Northbridge, 1965-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 258, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: reader (Rockdale, 1930-1936; Northbridge, 1943-1963)

===''STACEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Howard Keith Stacey|Stacey, Howard Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3TY-D8M] - 1907(NSW)-1993(SA) - Licences: 5XA Adelaide (Firle, 1934-1937; Knightsbridge, 1938-1939; Leabrook, 1947-1956; Glynde, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1360, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Burnside, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Roy Ernest Stacey|Stacey, Roy Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDT-PNR] - 1902(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RS Proserpine (1933-1939, 1948-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1187, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: office assistant (Bauple, Qld, 1925); clerk (Proserpine, Qld, 1928-1972)

===''STACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Patrick Charles Stack|Stack, Robert Patrick Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-Y2K] - 1904(Eng)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4TK Innisfail (1936-1939, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1742, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: hairdresser (Innisfail, Qld, 1930-1932); stationer (Innisfail, Qld, 1936-1943)

===''STACKPOLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Julian Stackpole|Stackpole, Peter Julian]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-H8N] - 1947(Vic)-2004(ACT) - Licences: 3ZQS Melbourne (North Clayton, 1980+; 1RX Canberra, 1990s); Qualifications: cc; AOLCP 2203, 1966; AOCP N1856, 1988 - amateur operator; broadcast planning engineer (P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA, ACA) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Hampton, 1972); technical officer (Clayton, 1977-1980)
===''STAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Hurst William Stafford|Stafford, John Hurst William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV6P-XSJ] - 1901(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4CD Receive Ipswich (Ebbw Vale, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Ebbw Vale, 1925-1928; Booval, 1932-1949); engineer (East Ipswich, 1958-1963); retired (Mansfield, 1977-1980)
===''STANFIELD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clifford Roy Stanfield|Stanfield, Clifford Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQXR-9GG] - 1900(NSW)-1991(NSW) - Licences: N744 Receive Newcastle (1922); 2HX Receive Newcastle (1922) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 383, 1918; 2COCP 136, 1930; 1COCP 140, 1930 - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Randwick, 1930; Maroubra, 1932-1968); retired (Blaxland, 1977-1980)
===''STANLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/J. M. Stanley|Stanley, J. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2JS Receive Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1922-1923); 2JS Sydney (Crow's Nest, 1924); Orange (1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 100, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; newsagent (Leura, late 1920s) - Identification: Not yet identified (possibly James Melville Stanley, electrician, Lockhart, 1930) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''STAPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John William Stapleton|Stapleton, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXG7-R9P] - 1915(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5KY Adelaide (Port Adelaide, 1934-1937; Alberton, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1314, 1934, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Cook, SA, 1941-1944)

===''STARKIE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas William Starkie|Starkie, Thomas William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBS-NCY] - 1906(Qld)-1982(Qld) - Licences: 4NW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 306, 1926, No. 30 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Nundah, 1928-1937); warehouse assistant (Holland Park, 1943); manager (Wavell Heights, 1949); agent (Toowong, 1954-1958); manufacturer's agent (Kenmore, 1963); agent (Tennyson, 1968-1972); retired (The Gap, 1977; North Tamborine, 1980)

===''STARR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Starr|Starr, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLN-LC4] - 1916(Qld)-1940(off Qld coast) - Licences: 4FS Stanthorpe (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1930, 1937, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, 23 Squadron, Aircraftsman Class 1) - Electoral Rolls: baker (Stanthorpe, 1937) - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1719163]

===''STEANE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey William Ashcroft Steane|Steane, Geoffrey William Ashcroft]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMCF-JWV] - 1905(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: 3UX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Mont Albert, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 775, 1923; 2COCP 330, 1931 -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Mont Albert, Vic, 1931); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1937); radio engineer (Dee Why, NSW, 1949); television engineer (Double Bay, NSW, 1954); engineer (Camberwell, Vic, 1954)

===''STEELE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rowland Edward James Steele|Steele, Rowland Edward James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDTC-2ZM] - 1904(Tas)-1987(Tas) - Licences: Receive Hobart (West Hobart, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Hobart West, 1928); dairyman (West Hobart, 1937-1972)

===''STEPHEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Goldsmith Stephen|Stephen, Percy Goldsmith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD2J-HVR] - 1896(NSW)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2ZB Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1925); 2PS Sydney (Balmain, 1926; Granville, 1927-1930; Lidcombe, 1931-1936; Croydon, 1937-1939; Five Dock, 1946-1958; Condell Park, 1960-1975) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Granville, 1930); electrician (Lakemba, 1930; Lidcombe, 1932-1936); electrical fitter (Five Dock, 1943-1958); fitter (Condell Park, 1968-1972)
===''STEPHENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Nelson Stephens|Stephens, Arthur Nelson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G941-3F1] - 1886(Eng)-1972(Qld) - Licences: 4CG Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1922); 4CG Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923-1925); Operator of 4AE - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator; amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: draughtsman (North Carlton, Vic, 1912-1914); engineer (Wireless Station, Pinkenba, 1915-1919; Clayfield, 1925-1928); hotel keeper (Palm Beach Hotel, Elanora, 1932-1934; Grand Hotel, Southport, 1936-1943); cafe proprietor (Southport, 1949); secretary (Main Beach, 1954-1958; Southport East, 1963-1968)
* [[/Frank Richmond Stephens|Stephens, Frank Richmond]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ7-MLM] - 1897(Qld)-1977(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 452, 1919 - RANRS - Electoral Rolls:  naval reservist (New Farm, 1921); farm hand (Wamuran, Qld, 1925); wireless operator (New Farm, 1925-1937); radio mechanic (New Farm, Qld, 1943); agent (New Farm, Qld, 1949); caretaker (Brisbane, 1954-1958); retired (Bowen Hills, 1963; Coolangatta, 1968-1972)
* [[/Harry James Milne Stephens|Stephens, Harry James Milne]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXYC-KQH] - 1900(WA)-1982(WA) - Licences: 6ZZ Perth (South Perth, 1935-1939; Bassendean, 1947-1960; Eden Hill, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1530, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Albany, WA, 1925); railway employee (Katanning, WA, 1931-1936); storekeeper (Fremantle, WA, 1937); aircraftsman (Bassendean, WA, 1943-1963); railway employee (Eden Hill, WA, 1968-1972); retired (Bassendean, WA, 1977-1980)
* [[/Thomas Stephens|Stephens, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ2B-35G] - 1912(Vic)-1944(Sct) - Licences: 3GO Melbourne (Essendon, 1931-1933) - qualifications: AOCP 489, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer, 1944) - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Essendon, 1936-1942) - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot; [https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/afcraaf-roll/stephens-thomas-418036/]
* [[/Thomas Blacket Stephens|Stephens, Thomas Blacket or Blackett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9WG-Y5P] - 1902(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 309, 1926, No. 31 in Qld - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: articled law clerk (Annerley, 1925-1928); solicitor (Annerley, 1934; Fortitude Valley, 1936-1937; Clayfield, 1949-1968); retired (St Lucia, 1972-1980)

===''STEPHENSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Wilfred Stephenson|Stephenson, Charles Wilfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-M7F] - 1905(Qld)-1997(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother); 2BWQ Sydney (Blacktown, 1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 282, 1926, No. 25 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (Wooloowin RC, operator 4WN; WIAQ, operator 4AE); broadcast technician (4QG); business proprietor (cinema audio) - Relationships: brother of 4RG Harold John Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Wooloowin, Qld, 1928-1929); electrical engineer (Pymble, NSW, 1932-1933); sound engineer (Capertee, NSW, 1936-1937); panel beater (Bourke, NSW, 1943); mechanic (Capertee, NSW, 1949-1954; Maroubra, NSW, 1958); autoelectrician (Blacktown, NSW, 1963-1977); retired (Blacktown, NSW, 1980) 
* [[/Harold John Stephenson|Stephenson, Harold John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/93BK-9M3] - 1903(Qld)-1990(NSW) - Licences: 4RG Brisbane (Wooloowin, 1926-1933)(licence jointly held with brother) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 290, 1926, No. 27 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: brother of 4RG/2BWQ Charles Wilfred Stephenson - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Wooloowin, Qld, 1925-1943); sheet metal worker (Wooloowin, Qld, 1949); engineer (Wooloowin, Qld, 1954); aircraft mechanic (Maroubra, NSW, 1963-1980)

===''STEVENS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edgar F. Stevens|Stevens, Albert Edgar F. &quot;Bert&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KH4H-N2D] - 1894(Vic)-1954(WA) - 6BN Perth (North Perth, 1924-1927; South Perth, 1930-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 136, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, telephone mechanic (1925)
* [[/Frederick William Stevens|Stevens, Frederick William]] - 1898-19?? - 4SP Brisbane, amateur operator (PRTC 788, 1923, Marconi &amp; Telefunken; 1COCP, 1930, Qld), Coastal wireless operator; first chief engineer 4QG, state public servant (4QG), pilot (Qantas), federal public servant (DCA)
* [[/Robert Edward Stevens|Stevens, Robert Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZMF] - 1908(Vic)-1994(Vic) - Licences: 7OJ Deloraine (1931-1933); 3OJ Melbourne (Burwood, 1937-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 817, 1931, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Auburn, Vic, 1931; Burwood, 1937-1980)

===''STEWART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Barnett Stewart|Stewart, Alexander Barnett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHBR-VND] - 1895(Sct)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4DD Receive Brisbane (Hawthorne, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: jackeroo (Oondooroo, Qld, 1919); farmer (Palmwoods, Qld, 1921-1925); orderman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1928); truck driver (Eight Mile Plains, Qld, 1936-1937); foreman (Hawthorne, Qld, 1943-1980)
* [[/Donald Richardson Stewart|Stewart, Donald Richardson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/94CC-2MT] - 1902(Vic)-1993(Vic) - Licences: V739 Receive Lorne (1922); 3GS Receive Lorne (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Lorne, 1925-1954); guest house proprietor (Lorne, 1967-1968); proprietor (Lorne, 1972-1980)
* [[/John Edgar Stewart|Stewart, John Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD8-3JC] - 1884(NSW)-1957(NSW) - Licences: 2MR Newcastle (Mayfield, 1923-1929; Hamilton, 1930); 2MR Sydney (Chatswood, 1931); 4MR Brisbane (Nundah, 1933-1939, 1946-1948); 2MR Waratah (1954-1957) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 43, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; Commonwealth Electoral Commission (Chief Electoral Officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Arncliffe, 1913); District Returning Officer (Mayfield, 1930); Commonwealth Electoral Officer (Nundah, Qld, 1937-1949); retired (Waratah, 1954)
* [[/Henry Stewart|Stewart, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXS7-R71] - 1896(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 234, 1916; 1COCP 318, 1933 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VID Darwin (1917-1918) - Comment: Several contemporaneous HSs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/William Alfred Stewart|Stewart, William Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBZ-4XJ] - 1910(WA)-2020(WA)109yo - Licences: 6ST Perth (West Leederville, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1958, 1937, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Balkatta, WA, 1936; Leederville, WA, 1937); salesman (Wembley Park, WA, 1943; Leederville, WA, 1949); technician (Floreat Park, WA, 1954-1963; Wembley Park, WA, 1968; Floreat Park, WA, 1972-1980) - Links: [https://gerontology.fandom.com/wiki/William_Stewart Gerontology]

===''STIPEK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Stipek|Stipek, John &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5X-XL1] - 1898(NSW)-1974(Florida, USA) - Licences: 7BE Receive St Helens (1923); Receive St Helens (1923); 7BE St Helens (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; PMG telegraph messenger, left PMGD 1920; first to log KGO in Tas - Comment: beware two other John Stipek's concurrently in Tas, 1920s - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (St Helens, 1919); clerk (St Helens, 1922)
===''STITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt|Stitt, Walter Hugh Rankin Jnr &quot;Hughie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBX-L5G] - 1908(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2WH Forbes (1925-1969+), 2ARN Forster (1965-1969+),  amateur operator (AOCP 196, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, &quot;brother-in-law&quot; of Leslie Maclean Wilson 2LM, note his father also Walter Hugh Rankin Stitt and lived in same district

===''STOCKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Daniel Alan John Stocks|Stocks, Daniel Alan John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZN8-R5P] - 1897(Vic)-1933(Vic) - 3DJ Melbourne (Canterbury, 1925-1927; Surrey Hills, 1931), amateur operator (AOCP 144, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, electrical engineer, gone too soon
===''STOCKTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Stockton|Stockton, Norman]] - 1904(WA)-1943(Germany) - 4NQ Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster, military (WW2, press correspondent), journalist, &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;
===''STOW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Allen Frederick Stow|Stow, Allen Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8WR-7GG] - 1910(Vic)-1966(Vic) - Licences: 3AS Melbourne (North Carlton,1928-1931; North Fitzroy, 1933-1939, 1946-1947; Northcote, 1948-1965); 3AFS Portable Melbourne (Northcote, 1948-1965) - Qualifications: AOCP 441, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Australian Army) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Carlton North, 1931; Fitzroy North, 1934-1942)
===''STOWE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Alfred Stowe|Stowe, Harry Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWBJ-YTW] - 1892(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: XAS Sydney (Drummoyne, 1911-1914); 2CX Receive Sydney (Chatswood, 1922-1923); 2CX Sydney (Chatswood, 1924-1929) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 19, 1924, No. 9 in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Chatswood, 1930-1958); retired (Frenchs Forest, 1968-1977)
===''STOYLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Bickley Stoyle|Stoyle, Jack Bickley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM1Z-JWV] - 1881(India)-1966(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 91, 1915; 1COCP 55, 1930 - RANRS (Commissioned Telegraphist, terminated Nov 1920); AWA CRS - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, 1917); radio station master (Darwin, 1922; Kilkenny, 1939-1943)

===''STRAFFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Michael Strafford|Strafford, John Michael]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ2K-LBX] - 1900(SA)-1974(SA) - Licences: 5JS Adelaide (Stepney, 1936-1939; City, 1947-1965; Windsor Gardens, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1710, 1936, SA; BOCP 514, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''STRATFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Stephen Stratford|Stratford, Leo Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHV-HRX] - 1915(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4AE Goondiwindi (1936-1939); 4LS Goondiwindi (1947-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1678, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1936-1949); radio dealer (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1954-1958); electrician (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1968); refrigeration mechanic (Goondiwindi, Qld, 1980)

===''STREAMER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* Streamer nee Mackenzie, Florence Madeline &quot;Madeline&quot; - See Florence Madeline Mackenzie 4YL
===''STREET''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Frederick Street|Street, Reginald Frederick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW5S-Z4L] - 1900(Tas)-1927(Tas) - Licences: 7BD Receive Hobart (1923); Receive Hobart (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Hobart West, 1922)
===''STROHFELDT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gilbert Strohfeldt|Strohfeldt or Strofeldt, Gilbert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVWD-W9Z] - 1904(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4GS Brisbane (Paddington, 1932-1939; Camp Hill, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1041, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: licensed for 5 years after passing - Electoral Rolls: postal assistant (Roma, 1926); telegraphist (Charleville, 1928-1930); Paddington, Qld, 1936-1937); assistant radio inspector (Camp Hill, Qld, 1943)

===''STUART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis John Stuart|Stuart, Francis John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSH-RPC] - 1895(SA)-1961(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIH Hobart (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: naval officer (Hobart, Tas, 1919); telegraphist (Hobart, 1922; Oakleigh, Vic, 1928-1942); primary producer (Tarra Valley, Vic, 1949-1954)
* [[/Michael Aloysius Horatio Stuart|Stuart, Michael Aloysius Horatio]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-2D9] - 1891(Vic)-1953(Vic) - Licences: 3MH Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1927); 3MH Rockbank (1931-1937); 5MS Adelaide (Rosewater, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 66, 1929; 1COCP 184, 1931; likely CRPT pre 1927 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 (UK Merchant Navy); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Moonee Ponds, Vic, 1925-1927); radio telegraphist (Beam Radio Station, Rockbank, Vic, 1928-1937; Geraldton, WA, 1943); radio technician (Footscray North, Vic, 1949)

===''STURDEE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Vernon Ashton Hobart Sturdee|Sturdee, Vernon Ashton Hobart]] - 1890(Vic)-1966(Vic) - 4?? Brisbane, early wireless experimenter (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur radio club (member, WIQ)

===''SULLIVAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Sullivan|Sullivan, John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLGD-VK6] - 1906(Vic)-1997(Vic) - 3SR Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1925-1926), 3SR Yallourn (1927), amateur operator (AOCP 206, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, engineer (1927)
===''SUTHERLAND''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan James Sutherland|Sutherland, Alan James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK6-94L] - 1916(SA)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 5XB Adelaide (Glenelg, 1935-1939, 1947-1948); 3AXB Melbourne (Balwyn, 1954-1965); 3KY Melbourne (Balwyn, 1969-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1592, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dunleath, SA, 1939-1941); public servant (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Canterbury, Vic, 1954-1968; Balwyn, Vic, 1972-1977); retired (Scarness, Qld, 1977)
* [[/George Bremner Sutherland|Sutherland or Clyne, George Bremner &quot;Jock&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVF-KQC] - 1893(Sct)-19??(WA) - 6GB Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1927), amateur operator (no record of AOCP; AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 295, 1932), amateur broadcaster, telegraphist (Navy, 1911), late 1920s assistant chief engineer 6WF (to Wally Coxon), DCA (aeradio operator, from 1941), radio operator (Kalgoorlie, 1949), retired (North Perth, 1958)

===''SUTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Ernest Sutton|Sutton, Arthur Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMFM-Z34] - 1882(Vic)-1956(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (early 1910s); utilised Henry Sutton's experimental licence - Relationships: son of XLM Henry Sutton - Electoral Rolls: music seller (Malvern, 1909-1913; Hawthorn, 1914-1915); engineer (Kew, 1922-1925); traveller (Camberwell, 1927); mechanic (Brunswick, 1928)
* [[/Henry Sutton|Sutton, Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD19-T7V] - 1855(Vic)-1912(Vic) - Licences: XLM Melbourne (Malvern, 1910-1912) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter (unlicensed from 1890s); numerous inventions, Australia's first wireless telephony experimenter (1906); invented several new types of telephones; early television experiments - Relationships: father of Arthur Ernest Sutton - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sutton-henry-4675 ADB] - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Jnr|Sutton, Joseph William Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-HCJ] - 1874(Qld)-1941(Qld) - Licences: 4CP Receive Brisbane (City, 1923); 4EI Brisbane (City, 1923-1925) (In the name of the State Engineer) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio club (WIQ, foundation member; QWI); electrical engineer; senior federal public servant (PMGD, State Engineer) - Relationships: son of Joseph William Sutton Snr - Electoral Rolls: electric engineer (Teneriffe, 1903); engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909); assistant (GPO, 1912-1919); electrical engineer (New Farm, 1921-1936); retired (Ascot, 1937)
* [[/Joseph William Sutton Snr|Sutton, Joseph William Snr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHKF-W6T] - 1844(Eng)-1914(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - club (Royal Society Qld, president) - Relationships: father of Joseph William Sutton Jnr - Links: [[w:Joseph William Sutton|Wikipedia]] - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Teneriffe, 1908-1909)

===''SWABY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Max J. Swaby|Swaby, Max J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4DA Dalby (-1948+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''SWAIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Tamsett Swain|Swain, Lionel Tamsett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL1J-TGY] - 1902(NSW)-1985(NSW) - Licences: 2CS Receive Newcastle (Hamilton, 1922); 2CS Newcastle (Hamilton, 1923-1927; Waratah, 1928-1939, 1946-1950; Charlestown, 1954-1961; Bolton Point, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 108, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Withdrawal: when 2CS Coffs Harbour commenced in early 1980s, policy had changed as to withdrawal of similar amateur callsigns - Electoral Rolls: draftsman (Waratah, 1930-1954); engineer (Charlestown, 1958-1963); retired (Bolton Point, 1968-1980)
===''SWEENEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Walter Moss Sweeney|Sweeney, Walter Moss]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LNZ7-YRD] - 1887(Eng)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3WS Melbourne (East Melbourne, 1924-1925; Elwood, 1925-1931; St Kilda, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 204, 1916 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Subiaco, 1916-1917); no occupation (Melbourne, 1919); wireless engineer (East Melbourne, 1921-1924); engineer (Elsternwick, 1925-1928); director (St Kilda, 1931-1963)

===''SWINBURNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frank Charles Richard Swinburne|Swinburne, Frank Charles Richard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDML-S1J] - 1901(Qld)-1948(NSW) - Licences: 2AT Receive Sydney (Manly, 1922-1923); 2AT Sydney (Manly, 1924-1926) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 557, 1920 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Manly, NSW, 1937; North Sydney, 1943))
===''SWINDELLS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Willie Swindells|Swindells, Willie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L812-BTK] - 1890(Eng)-1975(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIS Sydney (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Richmond, Vic, 1913-1914; Parkdale, Vic, 1925-1926); engineer (Geelong, 1927; Darlinghurst, NSW, 1931-1933); electrical engineer (Brunswick, Vic, 1934)

===''SYMONDS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Nathaniel Joseph Leo Symonds|Symonds, Nathaniel Joseph Leo &quot;Leo&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KJZ3-3QH] - 1908(WA)-2005(WA) - 6LS Perth (Cottesloe Beach, 1925-1930; Bicton, 1947-1948), 6LX Perth (Kalamunda, 1965-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 207, 1925, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster, WW2, tailor (Cottesloe, 1931-1943), radio operator (Fremantle, 1949-1954), radio technician (Kalamunda, 1958-1980)
===''SYMONS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Lindsay Gordon Symons|Symons, John Lindsay Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KZZ5-Q42] - 1913(Vic)-1964(Vic) - Licences: 3JT Melbourne (Malvern, 1930-1939; East Hawthorn, 1946-1947; Burwood, 1948; South Melbourne, 1954-1956; Mt Waverley, 1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 662, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Malvern, 1934-1943; Glen Iris, 1949); hotelkeeper (Malvern, 1954); engineer (Syndal, 1963)

=='''T'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''TAPP''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Ernest Tapp|Tapp, Charles Ernest or Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7P-BXV] - 1894(NSW)-1948(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 82, 1915 - RANRS (commissioned telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: OIC Wireless Station (Thursday Island, Qld, 1915; South Yarra, Vic, 1917-1919); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1930); engineer (Brighton, Vic, 1942); manager (Vaucluse, NSW, 1943)

===''TAPPER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Tapper|Tapper, John Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZX-4T6] - 1910(WA)-1992(WA) - Licences: 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1929-1939); 6RJ Onslow (1946-1947); 6RJ Perth (Claremont, 1948-1960); 2AO Wagga Wagga (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 538, 1929, No. ?? in WA; 1COCP 218, 1931; TVOCP 324, 1961 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Claremont, 1931-1943); operator (Claremont, 1949-1963); radio inspector (Wagga Wagga, 1968-1980)

===''TARBOTTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Augustus Tarbotton|Tarbotton, Harry Augustus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF93-87K] - 1902(Eng)-1961(WA) - Licences: 6HT Albany (1936-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1672, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: motor driver (Albany, WA, 1925-1931); motor mechanic (Albany, WA, 1936-1954); radio service (Albany, WA, 1958)

===''TARLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred William Tarling|Tarling, Alfred William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVH9-4RZ] - 1900(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4TW Townsville (1937-1939, 1946-1948) - Qualifications: cc; (likely qualification ca 1920, British Merchant Navy; 1COCP 679, 1943 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Coolbie, Ingham, Qld, 1930); wireless operator (Pimlico, Qld, 1931-1932); labourer (West End, Qld, 1936-1937); radio engineer (Townsville, Qld, 1943-1949)

===''TARRANT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Albert Tarrant|Tarrant, Ernest Albert Jnr]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L8SB-Z68] - 1898(NSW)-1956(NSW) - Licences: 2AK Receive Narrabri (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Eulah Creek, 1930; Narrabri, 1943)
* [[/William Francis Tarrant|Tarrant, William Francis &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD5M-6JT] - 1914(NSW)-1998(NSW) - Licences: 2UF Newcastle (Cooks Hill, 1932-1958) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1054, 1932, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ironworker (Newcastle, 1930-1949)

===''TATHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Edward Tatham|Tatham, Sydney Ernest Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQT-52W] - 1896(Eng)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 2ST Sydney (Neutral Bay, 1923-1925; City, 1926-1928; Darling Point, 1929-1933; City, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 33, 1915; 1COCP 406, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (editor, Sea, Land and Air, 1922); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: instructor (St Kilda, 1919; South Yarra, 1919); merchant (Darling Point, 1930-1933; City, 1934-1937; Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Camberwell, 1954); director (Balwyn, 1958-1972)
===''TAYLOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert William Taylor|Taylor, Albert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX56-JGX] - 1910(NSW)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AT Port Pirie (1934-1937); 5AT Adelaide (Solomontown, 1938-1939; Edwardstown, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1276, 1934, SA; BOCP 286, 1940; TVOCP 461, 1962 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Marleston, SA, 1941; Edwardstown, SA, 1943)
* [[/B. A. Taylor|Taylor, B. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DF Receive Brisbane (East Brisbane, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Donald Gordon Taylor|Taylor, Donald Gordon &quot;Don&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-N31] - 1907(SA)-1985(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Forestville, 1923-1924); 5DX Adelaide (Forestville, 1926-1937; Black Forest, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 307, 1926, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 25, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Comment: another DGT served in WW2 &amp; died on active service 1943 in NT - Electoral Rolls: wireless mechanic (Goodwood, 1939; Black Forest, 1941-1943) 
* [[/Florence Mary Parsons|Taylor nee Parsons, Florence Mary]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZX2-FZB] - 1879(Eng)-1969(NSW) - Licences: Nil - Qualifications: Nil - publisher - Electoral Rolls: managing director (Sydney, 1936); journalist (Vaucluse, 1954); editor (Darlinghurst, 1958; Potts Point, 1963) - Relationships: wife of George Augustine Taylor - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-florence-mary-8754 ADB]
* [[/George Augustine Taylor|Taylor, George Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZB4-JG7] - 1872(NSW)-1928(NSW) - Licences: Nil (always operated under military or other amateur licences) - Qualifications: Nil - early wireless experimenter, amateur operator, founder WIA NSW, founder Association for Development of Wireless in Australasia - Electoral Rolls: Nil - gone too soon - [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/taylor-george-augustine-8756 ADB]
* [[/Leslie Harry Taylor|Taylor, Leslie Harry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G841-CD4] - 1898(Eng)-1978(NSW) - Licences: 2CL Sydney (Ashfield, 1936-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 1723, 1936, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Leichhardt, 1930-1933; Ashfield, 1935-1968); retired (Ashfield, 1977)

===''TEECE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Auburn Selwyn Teece|Teece, Cecil Auburn Selwyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/2Z37-JSS] - 1885(NSW)-1970(ACT) - Licences: V733 Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922); 3GO Receive Melbourne (Toorak, 1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (East Melbourne, 1909); examiner (Kew, 1910); civil servant (Kew, 1912; Hawthorn, 1914-1917); examiner of patents (Box Hill, 1919); civil servant (Toorak, 1922; Sandringham, 1924; St Kilda, 1928; East Melbourne, 1931; Reid, ACT, 1935-1937; Barton, 1943); public servant (Barton, 1949-1954); retired (Braddon, 1958-1968)
===''TEMPLETON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Gordon Lander Templeton|Templeton, Gordon Lander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-VLH] - 1909(Vic)-1945(Vic) - Licences: 3OW Coleraine (1930-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 631, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (RAAF, Flying Officer) - Electoral Rolls: farm labourer (Tahara Bridge, 1931-1937) - Relationships: cousin of 3HG Neil Murray Templeton - &quot;Greater love hath no man&quot;
* [[/Neil Murray Templeton|Templeton, Neil Murray]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6SD-RDT] - 1911(Vic)-1965(Vic) - Licences: 3HG Coleraine (1930-1939, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 632, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1934-1937); RAAF (Canterbury, 1943); grazier (Tahara Bridge, 1949-1963) - Relationships: cousin of 3OW Gordon Lander Templeton

===''THEEL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Milton Theel|Theel, Kenneth Milton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LD1Z-1Z9] - 1908(SA)-1956(SA) - Licences: 5CT Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); 5QP Adelaide (St Peters, 1927-1933; Clarence Park, 1937-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 322, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: ledger keeper (Reade Park Gardens, SA, 1941-1943)

===''THOMAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Kirk Raleigh Thomas|Thomas, Henry Kirk Raleigh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWX4-8LL] - 1902(NSW)-19??(???) - 2HT Sydney (Mosman, 1924; Neutral Bay, 1925-1933; Cremorne, 1933-1934; Mosman, 1935-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1, 1924, No. 1 in NSW and Australia), amateur broadcaster, broadcast engineer (2GB, assistant engineer, 1946)
* [[/Herbert Thomas|Thomas, Herbert]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6DY Perth (CBD, 1924; Inglewood, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, salesman (Harris Scarfe, 1924) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Comment: several contemporaneous HTs
* [[/Ivor Thomas|Thomas, Ivor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8HB-Q3G] - 1897(SA)-1965(SA) - Licences: 5IT Adelaide (Mitcham, 1929-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 496, 1929, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: warehouseman (Kingswood Park, 1939-1943)
* [[/Josiah Thomas|Thomas, Josiah]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSY-Y24] - 1863(Eng)-1933(NSW) - establishment radio station (2CH), state politician (NSW, MLA, 1890s), senior federal politician (MHR, Postmaster-General 1908-1909, 1910-1911) - Electoral Rolls:
* [[/Roland Henry Thomas|Thomas, Roland Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-7Z4] - 1911(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4LR Brisbane (Bulimba, 1932-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1058, 1932, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Bulimba, 1934); radio technician (Bulimba, Qld, 1937-1972); proprietor (Manly West, Qld, 1977-1980)
* [[/Roy Valentine Thomas|Thomas, Roy Valentine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ6H-7WG] - 1907(NSW)-1958(NSW) - 2TK Sydney (Erskinville, 1925), 2RV Sydney (Bondi North, 1927-1930), 2TK Sydney (South Hurstville, 1947-1958), amateur operator (AOCP 62, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster

===''THOMPSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/F. Thompson|Thompson, F.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2HF Receive Sydney (East Balmain, 1922-1923); 2HF Sydney (Balmain, 1924-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 47, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified - Identification: several contemporaneous F. Thompson
* [[/Geoffrey George Thompson|Thompson, Geoffrey George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SP-DDD] - 1911(Vic)-2000(Vic) - Licences: 3GT Melbourne (Thornbury, 1928-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 388, 1928, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Thornbury, 1934-1937; North Melbourne, 1949); cameraman (Hawthorn, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Neville Weston Fane Thompson|Thompson, Leonard Neville Weston Fane]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJKN-FJV] - 1899(NSW)-1960(Vic) - Licences: 3LT Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1933; Carrum, 1937-1939; Bonbeach, 1946-1960) - Qualifications: AOCP 762, 1931, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Glenferrie, 1925; Mitcham, 1931; Chelsea, 1934; Carrum, 1936-1954)
* [[/Stanley Gordon Thompson|Thompson, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLZ-S21] - 1906(NSW)-1975(Vic) - Licences: 3AZ Melbourne (North Brighton, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: expert (Brighton, Vic, 1931); mechanic (Brighton, Vic, 1936); sales (Shepparton, Vic, 1963-1972)

===''THOMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur William Thomson|Thomson, Arthur William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZND-ZPF] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3AT Sunshine (1925), amateur operator (AOCP 145, 1925, No. ?? in Vic)
* [[/G. L. Thomson|Thomson, G. L.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 2GT Sydney (Waverley, 1924-1925), amateur operator (AOCP 3, 1924, No. 2 in NSW), amateur broadcaster, operator of 2BV Waverley Radio Club
===''THORLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roy Thorley|Thorley, Roy &quot;John&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDR2-8GW] - 1912(Qld)-1966(Qld) - Licences: 4RT Brisbane (South Brisbane, 1936-1937; Annerley, 1938-1939; Holland Park, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, president); business proprietor (mechanical engineering) - Comment: killed in automobile accident - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1937); engineer (Holland Park, Qld, 1949-1963); contractor (Charters Towers, Qld, 1963)

===''THURSTAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wyngate Thurstan|Thurstan, Arthur Wyngate]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LVFV-XSS] - 1907(Eng)-1976(NSW) - 2AV Sydney (Penshurst, 1924-1939; Beverley Hills, 1946-1975), amateur operator (AOCP 38, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, WW2, Lempriere &amp; Co (metallurgist; Chief Chemist, 1937)

===''THRING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis William Thring|Thring, Francis William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9XFG-ZY6] - 1882(NSW)-1936(Vic) - Film producer, founder 3XY Melbourne - Links: [[w:F. W. Thring|Wikipedia]]
===''THROSSELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lancelot Ledsam Throssell|Throssell or Throssel, Lancelot Ledsam]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KHFL-59C] - 1902(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6LT Northam (1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 248, 1926, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Northam, 1925-1931); civil servant (Northam, 1936-1937); clerk (Bruce Rock, 1943); bank officer (Kojonup, 1954; Innaloo, 1963-1972); retired (Osborne Park, 1980)

===''THUGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Thuge|Thuge, Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDL-F55] - 1917(Qld)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 4NC Gladstone (1936-1937); 4NO Gladstone (1938-1939); 4NO Brisbane (Hendra, 1947); 2ANO Sydney (Stanmore, 1948-1950; Arncliffe, 1954-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1622, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Charters Towers, Qld, 1943); bank officer (Petersham, NSW, 1949; Arncliffe, NSW, 1954-1958); retired (Burwood, NSW, 1972)

===''THYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Joseph Thynne|Thynne, Andrew Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KP3H-T8K] - 1847(Irl)-1927(Qld) - military (Qld Defence Force, 1867, eventually Lieutenant-Colonel), profession (solicitor, Qld, 1873-1882), state politician (Qld MLC, Minister for Justice and Attorney General; Qld Postmaster-General, 1894-1897)

===''TILBROOK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clem David Lloyd Tilbrook|Tilbrook, Clem David Lloyd]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXP4-4PQ] - 1912(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5GL Adelaide (Brighton, 1933-1937; Camden, 1938-1939; Colonel Light Gardens, 1947-1965; Daw Park, 1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1210, 1933, SA; 2COCP 381, 1940; 1COCP 468, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Camden, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TILNEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Edward Tilney|Tilney, Leslie Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MPDS-4PK] - 1870(NSW)-1937(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 13, 1914 - early wireless experimenter (army); coastal wireless officer, WW1 - Electoral Rolls: officer-in-charge (Wireless Station, Applecross, 1916-1917); soldier (Claremont, 1917); commissioner (Caulfield, 1924-1931); civil servant (Malvern, 1933-1936) - TroveTag: &quot;Leslie Edward Tilney&quot; (400+ tags) - Links: [https://www.anzac-biographies.com/2021/06/05/tilney-lieutenant-colonel-leslie-edward-dso-mid-vd/ Bio]

===''TILSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Howard Tilse|Tilse, Arthur Howarde &quot;Howard&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTK5-CS8] - 1911(Qld)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4WO Brisbane (Yeronga, 1931-1939; South Brisbane, 1946-1948; Yeronga, 1954-1970) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 725, 1931, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 155, 1938 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, Army Signals, RAAF); art dealer - Electoral Rolls: radiotrician (Yeronga, 1934-1937); RAAF wireless operator (West End, Townsville, 1943); radio operator (South Brisbane, 1949); art dealer (Yeronga, 1954-1972)
===''TIMMINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Robert Timmins|Timmins, Alan Robert]] - broadcast engineer (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA), senior federal public servant (PMGD, P&amp;TD, DoC, DoTaC, ABA)
===''TIPPING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Charles Tipping|Tipping, Edward Charles]] - 19??(???)-1968(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (pre AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), radio clubs (WIQ, member, 1912), federal public servant (PMGD, clerk/accountant), military (Captain, Royal Engineers)
===''TIVER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/R. G. Tiver|Tiver, R. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: Receive Tanunda (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''TODD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Hugh Todd|Todd, Alan Hugh]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXDD-7SG] - 1919(Qld)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 4HT Brisbane (Ashgrove, 1936-1937; Newmarket, 1938-1939, 1947-1948; Red Hill, 1954-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1639, 1936, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Newmarket, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Kelvin Grove, Qld, 1954-1977) 
* [[/Charles Todd|Todd, Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LC3X-PJ6] - 1826(Eng)-1910(SA) - senior state public servant (Government Electrician, Postmaster-General SA) - Links: [[w:Charles Todd (pioneer)|Wikipedia]] [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/todd-sir-charles-4727 ADB]
* [[/Lionel Victor Glen Todd|Todd, Lionel Victor Glen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5CG-Z68] - 1896(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2CR Tamworth (1922-1935); 2LS Tamworth (1936-1938); 2LS Denistone (1939); 2LS Sydney (West Ryde, 1957-1965; Denistone, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 132, 1925, No. ?? in NSW; 1COCP 282, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: 2CR callsign withdrawn by PMG in 1935 for 2CR Orange (Blayney) ABC - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (West Tamworth, 1932-1937); assistant radio inspector (Eastwood, 1943-1968)
* [[/Milton Buchanan Todd|Todd, Milton Buchanan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-NQT] - 1892(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 63, 1915; 1COCP 81, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VII Thursday Island (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: engineer operator (Thursday Island, 1916); radio telegraphist (Maroubra, 1930-1935); officer (Lewisham, 1936-1937); radio telegraphist (Townsville, 1937; Croydon, NSW, 1943; Townsville, 1949); senior radio officer (Townsville, 1954); radio officer (Kensington, NSW, 1958); retired (Blaxland, 1958)
* [[/Tom Arthur Todd|Todd, Tom Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD9C-7P5] - 1906(NSW)-1977(NSW) - Licences: 2OT Receive Sydney (Eastwood, 1923); 2TT Sydney (Eastwood, 1935-1939, 1946-1957) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 984, 1928; 2COCP 50, 1936 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Eastwood, 1930-1937); radio mechanic (Eastwood, 1943-1977)

===''TONGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edward Tonge|Tonge, Arthur Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX4S-MNM] - 1895(Eng)-1954(Qld) - Licences: 4AR Brisbane (Taringa, 1933; Indooroopilly, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1149, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 2COCP 54, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Darra, 1931; Indooroopilly, 1936-1937); mechanic (Milton, 1943-1949); process worker (Indooroopilly, 1954)

===''TONGS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lawrence Melville Tongs|Tongs, Lawrence or Laurence Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR9L-Y7N] - 1899(Tas)-1989(Vic) - Licences: 7BU Receive North Motton (1923); Receive North Motton (1923); 2ADB Finley (1937-1939); 7LT Devonport (1960-1969); 3ALV Melbourne (Parkville, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 687, 1922; 2COCP 421, 1941 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Finley, 1930-1935); radio dealer (1936-1949); farmer (Dandenong, 1954); radio technician (Devonport, 1972); retired (Parkville, 1977-1980)

===''TONKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Maxwell Tonkin|Tonkin, Arthur Maxwell &quot;Max&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KLL6-HT9] - 1915(WA)-1998(SA) - Licences: 6MZ Katanning (1935-1939); 5MZ Adelaide (Salisbury, 1948); 5TI Clare (1975); 5MZ Clare (1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1525, 1935, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio mechanic (Katanning, WA, 1937) 
* [[/Stanley Gordon Tonkin|Tonkin, Stanley Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1DQ-2R1] - 1910(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 2SG Albury (1929-1931); 2SG Sydney (Double Bay, 1933; Waverley, 1933-1936; Lane Cove, 1937); 2SG Goonellabah (1938-1939); 2SG Sydney (Epping, 1946-1955); 5SG Adelaide (Hampstead Gardens, 1956; Manningham, 1969; Glenunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 520, 1929, No. ?? in NSW; AOLCP 57, 1931; 2COCP 391, 1940; 1COCP 493, 1941  - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Woolwich, 1932); engineer (Edgecliff, 1933); mechanic (Waverley, 1934); radio engineer (Newtown, 1934-1935; Artarmon, 1936; Goonellabah, 1937; Eastwood, 1943); radio technician (West Epping, 1949-1954)

===''TORMEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Tormey|Tormey, Edward Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VV-85X] - 1902(NSW)-1993(ACT) - Licences: 2ET Canberra (City, 1930-1934; Ainslie, 1935-1939, 1946-1955); 1ET Canberra (Ainslie, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 687, 1930, No. ?? in ACT - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chauffeur (Braddon, 1928-1930; Ainslie, 1935); bus driver (Ainslie, 1937); car driver (Ainslie, 1943-1980)

===''TRAEGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Hermann Traeger|Traeger, Alfred Hermann or Herman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCNJ-LRP] - 1895(Vic)-1980(SA) - Licences: 5AX Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1926-1931; Corryton, 1933-1937; Marratville, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 293, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; inventor (with 5BG) of the pedal wireless for the RFDS - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Cloncurry, 1930-1932); wireless engineer (Leabrook, SA, 1939-1943) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/traeger-alfred-hermann-8839 ADB]

===''TRAYNOR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Philip Byron Traynor|Traynor, Philip Byron]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZLR-LCT] - 1900(SA)-1980(SA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 224, 1925, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 353, 1934 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: public servant (Mile End, 1939); federal public servant (Glandore, 1941); inspector (Torrens Park, 1943)

===''TREBILCOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric William Trebilcock|Trebilcock, Eric William]] - 1911(???)-1989(SA) - BERS195 (1933+), amateur listener
===''TREDREA''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Frederick Aloysius Trevithick Tredrea|Tredrea, Frederick Aloysius Trevithick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MC1W-M7C] - 1900(WA)-1958(WA) - Licences: 6FT Perth (Mt Hawthorn, 1929-1931; South Perth, 1933); 6FT Northam (1937); 6FT Perth (South Perth, 1938-1939, 1946-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 512, 1929, No. ?? in WA; AOLCP 156, 1934 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (North Perth, 1925); radio operator (Northam, 1936); broadcast engineer (South Perth, 1937-1958)

===''TREGEAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. S. Tregear|Tregear, W. S.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 3TR Melbourne (Hawthorn 192x), 3TX Melbourne (Hawthorn, 1930+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, 3TR callsign withdrawn by PMGD to prevent confusion with 3TR Sale Class B station
===''TREHARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elgar Dennis Llewellyn Treharne|Treharne, Elgar Dennis Llewellyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-X9R] - 1914(NSW)-1997(SA) - 2AFQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Ross 2IQ/5??
* [[/Herbert Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Herbert Fredrind &quot;Fred&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K2F8-6ZN] - 1883(NSW)-1968(SA) - 2BM Sydney, 5QT Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW, age 60), father of Ross 2IQ/5?? and Elgar 2AFQ/5??
* [[/Ross Fredrind Treharne|Treharne, Ross Fredrind]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GWC7-DJD] - 1919(NSW)-1982(SA) - 2IQ Sydney, 5?? Adelaide, amateur operator (AOCP 1513, 1935, No. ?? in NSW), son of Fred 2BM/5QT and brother of Elgar 2AFQ/5??
===''TRELOAR''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Treloar|Treloar, James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMJ-379] - 1906(WA)-1983(WA) - Licences: 6JT Perth (Beaconsfield, 1931-1933; Melville, 1937; Beaconsfield, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 790, 1931, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (South Fremantle, WA, 1931-1943); tally clerk (Bicton, WA, 1949-1980)

===''TRESSIDDER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Laurence Tresidder|Tresidder, William Laurence or Lawrence]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8PT-SQ7] - 1904(WA)-1985(Vic) - Licences: 3WT Bendigo (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Bendigo, 1927-1942); radio (Kangaroo Flat, 1949-1954); radio engineer (Bendigo, 1963-1980)
===''TREW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Stanley Trew|Trew, Richard Stanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCB6-GW4] - 1902(WA)-1968(WA) - Licences: 6RS Harvey (1933-1937); 6RS Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1938-1939); 6RP Perth (Mt Hawthorne, 1947-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1189, 1933, WA; 2COCP 382, 1940; 1COCP 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: assistant postal department (York, WA, 1925); postal assistant (York, WA, 1926); postal employee (Harvey, WA, 1931-1937); postal clerk (Leederville, WA, 1937-1943); PMG (Mt Hawthorn, WA, 1949); radio monitor (Joondanna Heights, WA, 1954-1958)

===''TRIM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Trim|Trim, Sydney (Electoral Rolls) or Sidney (BDM)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KL7D-NLM] - 1880(Vic)-1960(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 179; 2COCP 178, 1930; 1COCP 105, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Subiaco, WA, 1913; West Perth, WA, 1913-1914); &quot;radio station&quot; (Wyndham, WA, 1914-1917); farmer (Mosman, NSW, 1936-1937); engineer (Applecross, WA, 1937-1958)

===''TROTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Clement Ford Trott|Trott, Clement Ford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCGY-XPN] - 1907(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CS McLaren Vale (1928-1929); 5CF McLaren Vale (1930-1931); 5CF Willunga (1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 454, 1928, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: orchardist (McLaren Flat, SA, 1939-1943)

===''TROY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Rusel Troy|Troy, Thomas Rusel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZKG-MKH] - 1898(NSW)-1992(NSW) - 2SH Receive West Maitland (1923), 2SH West Maitland (1924-1925), 2TY West Maitland (1926-1931), amateur operator (AOCP 208, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, postman (West Maitland, 1930-1949), postal officer (Maitland, 1954), postal clerk (Maitland, 1958)
===''TRUDGEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maxwell Wallis Trudgen|Trudgen, Maxwell Wallis]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GS3H-XYH] - 1907(SA)-1992(SA) - Licences: 5MW Adelaide (East Adelaide, 1926); 5HS Adelaide (Fullarton, 1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 247, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Mitcham, 1939-1941); mechanical engineer (Sydney, 1943-1954); engineer (Little Bay, 1958-1968)
===''TRUNFULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard Leonard Trunfull|Trunfull, Richard Leonard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBL-K7B] - 1906(Eng)-1957(WA) - Licences: 6RT South Greenough (1932-1933); 6RT Peel Estate (1937); 6RT Roebourne (1938-1939); 6RT Dangin (1947-1948); 6RT Nungarin (1954); 6RT Narembeen (1955-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 924, 1932, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (South Greenough, WA, 1931; Baldavis, WA, 1936; Dangin, WA, 1943-1949; Nungarin, WA, 1954; Narembeen, WA, 1958)

===''TUMBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Henry Tumbridge|Tumbridge, Stanley Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MM12-M1C] - 1899(Eng)-1965(Qld) - Licences: 4ST Ipswich (1932-1933); 4ST Stanthorpe (1937-1939); 4ST Broadwater, 1947-1948; 4ST Brisbane (Woody Point, 1954-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 986, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Woodend, Qld, 1921); teacher (Murgon, Qld, 1925); school teacher (Stanthorpe, Qld, 1936-1937; Broadwater, Qld, 1943-1949); teacher (Margate, Qld, 1949-1954; Woody Point, Qld, 1958-1963)

===''TURNBULL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Edward Turnbull|Turnbull, Norman Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TP-7K8] - 1900(WA)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 6NO Narrogin (1928); 6NO Perth (City, 1930; Subiaco, 1931; Shenton Park, 1937-1939); 3AXX Melbourne (Armadale, 1954; Carrum, 1955; Parkdale, 1956; Cheltenham, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: c; AOCP 430, 1928, No. ?? in WA; CPRT 1120, 1928; 1COCP 185, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Bunbury, 1922; Busselton, 1925; Narrogin, 1925; Subiaco, 1931); radio inspector (Subiaco, 1934-1936); civil servant (East Perth, 1937); engineer (Armadale, 1954); clerk (Sandringham, 1958); manager (Sandringham, 1963-1968; Cheltenham, 1972); retired (Cheltenham, 1977-1980)
* [[/Robert William Turnbull|Turnbull, Robert William or Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ1S-GP4]  - 1892(Eng)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2RO Sydney (Burwood, 1927-1938; Northbridge, 1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 317, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: bricklayer (Homebush, 1930-1963)

===''TURNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Arthur Reginald Turner|Turner, Edward Arthur Reginald &quot;Rex&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZT9-JD5] - 1910(SA)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5CW Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923); Receive Adelaide (St Peters, 1923-1925); 5SA Adelaide (Leabrook, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 272, 1926, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: butter maker (Gawler, 1939-1943)
* [[/Haswell Elliott Alfred Turner|Turner, Haswell Elliott Alfred]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRQG-8TG] - 1891(Vic)-1969(NSW) - 2TM Sydney (Mosman, 1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 127, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer, military, likely related to XACW E. Turner, Jnr
* [[/Ralph Robinson Turner|Turner, Ralph Robinson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2D-S51] - 1912(SA)-1996(SA) - Licences: 5TR Adelaide (Henley Beach, 1935-1937; Dulwich, 1938-1939; Linden Park, 1947-1969; Echunga, 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1444, 1935, SA; BOCP 66, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Dulwich, SA, 1939-1941)
* [[/Robert John Blackwell Turner|Turner, Robert John Blackwell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L62T-FP7] - 1884(NSW)-1943(NSW) - 2RT Goulburn (1925-1933), amateur operator (AOCP 55, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, engineer

===''TWEEDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/P. Tweedle|Tweedle, P.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DM Receive Brisbane (Albion, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''TYAS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Norman Robert Wilson Tyas|Tyas, Norman Robert Wilson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHC-SK6] - 1913(Qld)-1975(Qld) - Licences: 4TY Gracemere (1932-1934); 4TY Kingaroy (1935-1939); 4TY Brisbane (Manly, 1946-1948); 4TY Boonah (1954); 4TY Wallangarra (1955-1956); 4TY Warwick (1960); Brisbane (Manly, 1965-1975+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1059, 1932, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ); military (WW2, RAAF, wireless officer); state public servant (state school principal) - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Kingaroy, Qld, 1936-1943; Brookstead, Qld, 1949; Mt Alford, Qld, 1954); teacher (Wallangarra, Qld, 1958); school teacher (Warwick, Qld, 1963; Manly, Qld, 1968-1972)

===''TYMMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert William Tymms|Tymms, Robert William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSX-R2D] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 84, 1930 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS); WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: telegraphist (Roebourne, 1916-1917); wireless operator (Geraldton, 1922; Como, 1925); not stated (Broome, 1937); wireless telegraphist (Townsville, 1954)

=='''U'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''UMBACK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ricky Charles Umback|Umback, Ricky Charles]] - early wireless historian (Ph.D. Thesis, 2016, &quot;Constituting Australia's International Wireless Service: 1901-1922&quot;) [https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/142647/1/Umback%20Thesis%202018.pdf]
===''UNDERWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Henry Underwood|Underwood, William Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX6T-1XZ] - 1875(Eng)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4DN Receive Brisbane (Clayfield, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: carpenter (Newstead, Qld, 1913-1915; Clayfield, Qld, 1916-1943); no occupation (Albion, Qld, 1943; Highgate Hill, Qld, 1949)

===''UNGER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Unger|Unger, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-????(???) - 2YRS Alectown (1980+), amateur operator (AOCP ????, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, son of Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger 2UJ
* [[/Herbert Wilhelm Carl Unger|Unger, Herbert Wilhelm Carl or Herbert William Carl]] - 1911(???)-2012(NSW, 101yo) - 2UJ Alectown (1933-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 1108, 1933, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, father of A. H. Unger 2YRS

===''URQUHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Malcolm Stewart Urquhart|Urquhart, Malcolm Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZXT-5C3] - 1905(WA)-1967(WA) - Licences: 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1925-1939); 6MU Merredin (1946-1960); 6MU Perth (Cottesloe, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 116, 1925, No. ?? in WA; BOCP 27, 1936; AOLCP 158, 1934; 2COCP 85, 1937; 1COCP 126, 1937 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; clerk (1931); broadcast technician (6MD, 1958); WW2 (1939-1945) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Cottesloe, WA, 1931-1937); broadcast technician (Merredin, WA, 1943-1963)

=='''V'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''VALENTINE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lionel Keith Valentine|Valentine, Lionel Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1Z-ZVK] - 1916(Tas)-1961(Tas) - Licences: 7KV Hobart (Bellerive, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1148, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bellerive, Tas, 1937; Acton, ACT, 1949); public servant (Hobart West, Tas, 1958)
===''VAN COUTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Robert Josephus Van Cooth|Van Cooth, John Robert Josephus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8GN-6ZP] - 1908(Vic)-1936(Vic) - Licences: 3DX Receive Melbourne (East Malvern, 1922); 3DX Melbourne (East Malvern, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (St Kilda West, 1931)
===''VARDON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Joseph Edwin Vardon|Vardon, Joseph Edwin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LV9V-VPR] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: Receive Adelaide (Unley, 1923-1924); 5OM Adelaide (Unley Park, 1927-1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 329, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: sales manager (Malvern, 1941-1943)

===''VAUGHAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edward Vaughan|Vaughan (also known as Hearps, change of name), David Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYD2-HG5] - 1901(Vic)-1976(NSW) - Licences: 2FY Sydney (Lakemba, 1930-1969) - Qualifications: AOCP 665, 1930, NSW (Hearps); AOCP 1003, 1932, NSW (Vaughan) - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Lakemba, 1930-1937); machinist (Lakemba, 1943-1972)

===''VEALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Pax Veall|Veall, Reginald Pax]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZL8-GR6] - 1918(Vic)-1942(NT) - Licences: 3PV Melbourne (St Kilda, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 2050, 1937, No. ?? in Vic; 2COCP 274, 1939; 1COCP 375, 1940 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 (Merchant Navy, Wireless Officer, MV Neptuna) - Electoral Rolls: Nil - &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot; [http://www.ntlexhibit.nt.gov.au/exhibits/show/bod/roh/veall]
===''VEARS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elwyn Thomas Vears|Vears, Elwyn Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHS1-C67] - 1901(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2BM Leura (1922-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: accountant (Strathfield, 1930-1937; Burwood, 1943-1958)) 
===''VERNON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Henry Vernon|Vernon, Charles Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88V-18Z] - 1901(WA)-1964(WA) - Licences: 6KZ Albany (1930-1931); 6KZ Perth (Fremantle, 1933-1939); 3AMD Melbourne (Moonee Ponds, 1947); 6KZ Perth (Guildford, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 566, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: soldier (RAGA Forts, Albany, 1922-1931; Fremantle, 1936-1937; 9AAD, Guildford, 1949-1954); retired (Wagin, 1958; Morley, 1963)

===''VICKARY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Mervyn Vickary|Vickary, Reginald Mervyn &quot;Reg&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-CLP] - 1909(NSW)-1973(Qld) - Licences: 4RV Cunnamulla (1930-1933); 4RV Warwick (1936-1939); 4VX Brisbane (Gordon Park, 1965; The Grange, 1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 702, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: shed hand (Cunnamulla, 1931); radio dealer (Warwick, 1937; Cunnamulla, 1943); shopkeeper (Toowoomba, 1949; Ekibin, 1954; Chermside, 1963; Grange, 1968-1972)
===''VICKERY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth James Vickery|Vickery, Kenneth James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDQP-WMQ] - 1893(NSW)-1970(NSW) - Licences: 2RA Receive Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1923); 2RA Sydney (Hurlstone Park, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Hurlstone Park, 1930-1933); electrician (West Ryde, 1935; Parkes, 1936; Uralla, 1943); farmer (North Richmond, 1949-1968)

===''VINCENT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Jack Vincent|Vincent, Jack]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZ64-7S8] - 1906(WA)-1980(WA) - Licences: 6DL Receive Kalgoorlie (1923-1924); 6VK Kalgoorlie (1925-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 59, 1925, No. ?? in WA - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: fitter &amp; turner (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1931-1937); manufacturer (South Perth, WA, 1949-1963; Como, WA, 1972-1980)

===''VINING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Edward Vining|Vining, William Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZR1-NLT] - 1906(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: 4WE Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 277, 1926, No. 22 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: carrier (Nundah, 1928-1931); motor driver (Mitchelton, 1934; Gaythorne, 1936); mechanic (Gayndah, 1943); telephone mechanic (Enoggera, 1949-1963); telephone technician (Enoggera, 1968-1977)

===''VIPAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alton Frederick Vipan|Vipan, Alton Frederick]] - 1890(NSW)-1946(NSW) - XHV Sydney (Petersham, 1913-1914), early wireless experimenter, amateur operator (pre AOCP, no record of AOCP, AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), ship wireless operator, AWA (Koo-we-rup, 1922)

===''VOIGT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Emil Robert Voigt|Voigt, Emil Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-VV2] - 1883(Eng)-1973(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - 2KY Sydney, broadcast station manager; witness to Royal Commission 1927 (as chairman, NSW Labor wireless committee) - Relationships: father of Rion Osborne Voigt; grandfather of Robin Voigt - Electoral Rolls: secretary (Dee Why, 1930-1934); manager (Dee Why, 1935; Narrabeen, 1936)  - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/voigt-emil-robert-8930 ADB]; [[w:Emil_Voigt_(athlete)|Wikipedia]]; [https://www.radioheritage.com/story70/ RHF]
* [[/Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt|Voigt, Rion Osborne Clifford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88K-L1V] - 1915(Eng)-1987(NSW) - Licences: Nil identified as yet - Qualifications: Nil identified as yet - broadcast industry executive, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio announcer (Narrabeen, 1937; Turramurra, 1963-1980) - Relationships: son of Emil Robert Voigt; father of Robin Voigt
* [[/Robin Voigt|Voigt, Robin]] - historian (Emil Robert Voigt; 2KY) - Relationships: grandson of Emil Robert Voigt; son of Rion Osborne Clifford Voigt
===''VOLKMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Henry Oxford Volkman|Volkman, Reginald Henry Oxford]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4CV-7PH] - 1902(NSW)-1959(NSW) - Licences: 2RY Grafton (1924-1925); 2RY Scone (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Woollahra, 1930-1933)
===''VOWLES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Taylor Vowles|Vowles, Rupert Taylor]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKYT-FLF] - 1894(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XIZ Sydney (Burwood, 1913-1914); 2AW Receive Sydney (Burwood, 1922-1923); 2XZ Sydney (Concord, 1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 562, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Concord, 1930-1972)

=='''W'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''WADDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivon Edward Waddell|Waddell, Ivon Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G88S-H3S] - 1909(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 6WX Albany (1929-1930); 6WX Katanning (1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 561, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: postal clerk (Katanning, 1936; South Perth, 1937)
===''WADDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/E. M. Waddle|Waddle, E. M.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4GZ Charters Towers (-1959+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld)
===''WADDY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Richard William Mackie Waddy|Waddy, Richard William Mackie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB62-5RP] - 1848(SA)-1933(SA) - senior state public servant (SA Post &amp; Telegraphs Dept), senior federal public servant (Deputy Postmaster-General SA)
===''WADHAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kevin Wadham|Wadham, Kevin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZZC-SBQ] - 1905(SA)-1970(SA) - Licences: 5KW Adelaide (Parkside, 1924-1927; Helmsdale, 1928; Da Costa Park, 1931; Glenelg, 1933; Adelaide, 1937; Glenelg, 1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 23, 1924, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WIA SA (Councillor 1931; Hon. Treasurer, 1931); National Radio Corp (manager, 1938); Holdfast Bay Yacht Club (Vice-commodore, 1949) - Electoral Rolls: manager (Helmsdale, SA, 1939-1941; Da Costa Park, SA, 1943)

===''WAHL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Fripp Wahl|Wahl, Alan Fripp]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GFMB-TD4] - 1918(WA)-2003(WA) - Licences: 6JB Perth (Leederville, 1938-1939, 1947-1960; Dianella, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2101, 1938, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Leederville, WA, 1943-1958); clerk (Dianella, WA, 1963-1980)

===''WALCH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alan Crosby Walch|Walch, Alan Crosby or Crosby Alan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQC7-GSS] - 1907(NSW)-1979(Tas) - Licences: 7BI Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923); Receive Hobart (Bellerive, 1923-1925); 7CW Hobart (Bellerive, 1926-1927; Battery Point, 1931-1933; City, 1937; Sandy Bay, 1938-1939, 1946-1975) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 231, 1926, No. ?? in Tas; BOCP 1, 1936; 1AOCP 16, 1946 - amateur receiver; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio expert (Hobart South, 1936-1954)

===''WALDRON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Gerard Waldron|Waldron, Francis Gerard &quot;Frank&quot;]] - broadcast planning engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WALKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Charles Walker|Walker, Arthur Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFY-L2V] - 1898(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Brisbane (Sandgate, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 699, 1922 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: newspaper carrier (Kangaroo Point, Qld, 1934-1937); carrier (Sandgate, Qld, 1943-1972)
* [[/Charles Welsh Walker|Walker, Charles Welsh &quot;Chas&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXFR-19W] - 1899(NSW)-1961(Qld) - Licences: 4CU Receive Clifton (1923); 4CU Clifton (1924-1960); 4DQ Portable Clifton (1948-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 10, 1924, No. 2 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; motor mechanic; Walker's Radio Service (proprietor, 1930s-1950s) - Electoral Rolls: motor mechanic (Clifton, Qld, 1921-1958)
* [[/Louis Edward Walker|Walker, Louis Edward]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GSWB-L81] - 1864(Eng)-1934(At Sea) - Oversight of the 1906 Bass Strait link for Marconi Wireless Telegraphy Co
* [[/Philip Billingsley Walker|Walker, Phillip Billingsley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MNF3-P9W] - 1840(Eng)-1900(NSW) - early wireless experimenter, employment (NSW Posts &amp; Telegraphs, Superintendent of Telegraphs, Chief Electrician)
* [[/Ronald Gregory Walker|Walker, Ronald Gregory &quot;Gregory&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRP-GC6] - 1907(NSW)-1929(At Sea) - Licences: 7BT Receive Hobart (City, 1923); Receive Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; journalist (Hobart &quot;Mercury&quot;); film maker - Comment: Gone too soon - Electoral Rolls: journalist (Hobart South, 1928) - Links: [http://www.seafarersmemorial.org.au/memorials/walker_g.php Seafarer's Memorial]
* [[/William Spencer Walker|Walker, William Spencer]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCF4-R77] - 1911(SA)-2004(SA) - Licences: 5WW Adelaide (Alberton, 1934-1939; West Croydon, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1305, 1934, SA; BOCP 444, 1942; TVOCP 274, 1960 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Alberton, SA, 1939); mechanic (West Croydon, SA, 1941-1943)

===''WALLACE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Elizabeth Aileen Geisel|Wallace nee Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;]] See Geisel, Elizabeth Aileen &quot;Betty&quot;
===''WALLBRIDGE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leslie Walter Wallbridge|Wallbridge, Leslie Walter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LDMT-HKZ] - 1910(Eng)-1966(SA) - Licences: 5UX Adelaide (Lower Mitcham, 1930-1937); 5UX Peterborough (1938-1939); 5UX Kadina (1947-1948); 5UX Cook (1954-1955); 5UX Saddleworth (1956); 5UX Hawker (1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 712, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: teacher (Peterborough, SA, 1939-1941; Rendelsham, SA, 1943; Alice Springs, NT, 1963)

===''WALLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Charles Wallis|Wallis, John Charles]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JW Longford (1932-1939, 1947) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 893, 1932, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Burnie, 1928; Longford, 1936-1937)
* Wallace, Florence Violet (adoptive name) - see Granville, Florence Violet (birth name)

===''WALSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Dunbar Walsh|Walsh, Harold Dunbar &quot;Cordite&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3W3-CT7] - 1903(Qld)-1951(Qld) - Licences: 4HW Brisbane (Hamilton, 1925-1931; Rocklea, 1946-1947)); 4WN Brisbane (Hamilton, 1927, dealer) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 133, 1925, No 14 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 (RAAF); solicitor; pilot - Comment: Tragic end to a productive life - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Hamilton, 1925-1937); airline pilot (Moorooka, 1949)

===''WALTERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Allan Walters|Walters, Charles Allan]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CT-LBY] - 1910(Vic)-1947(Vic) - Licences: 3CW Melbourne (Thornbury, 1929-1933; Heidelburg, 1937-1939; Brunswick, 1946-1947) - Qualifications: AOCP 524, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Northcote, 1931-1936; Heidelberg, 1937; Brunswick, 1942)
* [[/Gerald Wills Walters|Walters, Gerald (Wills or Willis or blank)]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX7Y-1HZ] - 1886(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 108, 1915; 2COCP 157, 1930; 1COCP 129, 1930 - RANRS (Warrant Telegraphist, 1917); WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless telegraphist (Currie, King Island, Tas, 1919; Darwin, NT, 1922); radio telegraphist (New Town, Tas, 1928); wireless officer (Radio Station, Thursday Island, Qld, 1936-1937); wireless (Gladesville, NSW, 1943); wireless telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1949-1954)

===''WALZ''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Edwyn Walz|Walz, Arthur Edwyn or Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM9T-LB3] - 1908(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4AW Brisbane (Nundah, 1926-1939; Wavell Heights, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 287, 1926, No. 26 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; plumber; radio repair business - Relationships: son of Conrad August Walz - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Nundah, 1934-1943); radio engineer (Wavell Heights, 1949-1980) 
* [[/Conrad August Walz|Walz, Conrad August]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRGZ-QF3] - 1882(Qld)-1951(Qld) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ???, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), plumber, farmer, father of 4AW Arthur Edwyn Walz

===''WARDLE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney William Lumley Wardle|Wardle, Sidney William Lumley]] - 1911(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: 2OU Woodford Leigh (1930-1935); 2OU Armidale (1936-1937); 2OU Sydney (Bellevue Hill, 1938-1939); 5OU Adelaide (Lockleys, 1946-1954); 2DID Berridale (1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 610, 1930, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farm hand (Woodford Leigh, 1934-1935); technician (Bondi North, 1937; Woollahra, 1943); retired (Berridale, 1980)
===''WARING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Clarke Waring|Waring, Cecil Clarke]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQW4-V9F] - 1904(Vic)-1988(Vic) - Licences: 3CU Receive Melbourne (Canterbury, 1922-1924); 3YW Melbourne (Camberwell, 1929-1931; Canterbury, 1933; Kew, 1937); 3YW Rupanyup (1938-1939); 3YW Stawell (1946-1948); 3YW Warrnambool (1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 549, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Canterbury, 1925-1928; Kew, 1931-1937; Stawell, 1942-1949; Warrnambool, 1954-1977)
===''WARNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Maurice Leslie George Warne|Warne, Maurice Leslie George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYSP-LHY] - 1909(NSW)-1975(NSW) - Licences: 2MW Sydney (Croydon, 1926-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 300, 1926, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Campsie, 1931-1934); radio mechanic (Campsie, 1936-1937); radio sales (Kogarah, 1943-1963); radio &amp; TV technician (Arncliffe, 1968)
===''WARNER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Geoffrey Albert Warner|Warner, Geoffrey Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V1-6NR] - 1914(NSW)-2007(NSW) - Licences: 2CK Wyong (1930-1939); 3ABW Fiskville (1947); 9GW Port Moresby (1948-1954); 2AVW Bringelly (1955-1958); 2CK Bringelly (1960-1969); 6EG Bassendean (1975); 2HJ Camden (1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 710, 1930, NSW; 1COCP 60, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless technician (Rockbank, Vic, 1942); technician (OTC Bringelly, 1958-1963); manager (Bassendean, 1977; Camden South, 1980) - callsign may have been withdrawn for 2CK Cessnock commercial (later restored)
===''WARNOCK''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Neil Bernard Warnock|Warnock, Neil Bernard]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJ8-58G] - 1944(Vic)-2019(Vic) - broadcast operations engineer (PMGD, ABCB, P&amp;TD, DoC)

===''WATERHOUSE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. G. Waterhouse|Waterhouse, A. G.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XVV Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WATERS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George James Waters|Waters, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8X9-S46] - 1902(Vic)-1931(Vic) - Licences: 3EX Receive Melbourne (Heathcote, 1922); 3XA Melbourne (East Prahran, 1930-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 608, 1930, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified as yet - Comment: Passed too soon
* [[/James Alfred Waters|Waters, James Alfred]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 7JA Hobart (Sandy Bay, 1936-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1685, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Queensborough, 1936); teacher (Ringarooma, 1937); schoolteacher (Queensborough, 1943-1954)
* [[/Leslie Waters|Waters, Leslie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G85N-TZB] - 1882(Eng)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4AC Innisfail (1923-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; engineer (Randell Engineering) - Electoral Rolls: watchmaker (Innisfail, 1919-1943); radio dealer (Innisfail, 1949)

===''WATERWORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Lindsay Carmel Waterworth|Waterworth, Lindsay Carmel &quot;Joe&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6YY-6M6] - 1892(Qld)-1969(Qld) - Licences: 4CL Rockhampton (1935-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1526, 1935, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2; federal public servant (PMGD, telegraphist) - Electoral Rolls: assistant (Charleville, Qld, 1921); telegraphist (Rockhampton, Qld, 1928-1968)

===''WATKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Andrew Paul Watkins|Watkins, Andrew Paul]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 6AW Perth (1936-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 1805, 1936, No. ?? in WA), amateur broadcaster
* [[/William Trevor Watkins|Watkins, William Trevor &quot;Trevor&quot;, &quot;Watty&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZKG-J4V] - 1899(Tas)-1931(Tas) - Licences: T336 Hobart (1920-1921); 7AA Hobart (1922-1925); 7DX Hobart (1925-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 107, 1925, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Withdrawal: PMGD withdrew 7AA callsign for their own use, electrician (Zinc Co., Hobart, 1922), wireless expert (Medhurst &amp; Sons, Hobart, 1925) - Electoral Rolls: electrician (West Hobart, 1922-1928) - Comment: passed too soon

===''WATSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. A. Watson|Watson, A. A.]] - bef1910(???)-aft1930(???) - Licences: 2UT Sydney (Darlinghurst, 1927-1929) - Qualifications: AOCP 341, 1927, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: None as yet - Full name not yet identified
* [[/Douglas Mervyn Watson|Watson, Douglas Mervyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G6MG-FPY] - 1920(Tas)-1989(Tas) - Licences: 7DW Hobart (New Town, 1937-1939; City, 1946-1956; Lindisfarne, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1867, 1937, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Hobart South, 1949-1954); mechanic (Lindisfarne, 1972)
* [[/Herbert Leopold Watson|Watson, Herbert Leopold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZP-JLK] - 1897(Vic)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2OL Kiama (1929-1933); 2OL Unanderra (1935-1938); 2OL Woollongong (1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 545, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW1, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Kiama, 1930); electrical engineer (Unanderra, 1934-1937; Heidelberg, Vic, 1949); electrician (Ivanhoe, Vic, 1954); retired (Avalon Beach, 1968-1972; Mona Vale, 1977; Mosman, 1980) 
* [[/James David Watson|Watson, James David]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F5-789] - 1910(Vic)-19??(???) - Licences: 3NQ Darlington via Camperdown (1930-1939); 2ANQ Albury (1946-1957) - Qualifications: AOCP 633, 1930, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: electrical fitter (Darlington, 1931-1943); radio technician (Albury, 1949-1954) - Comment: Beware another JDW, labourer, Geelong, 1930s 
* [[/John Watson|Watson, John]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 6CR Receive Perth (Victoria Park, 1923-1924) - Qualifications: AOCP 436, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator? - Electoral Rolls: Nil, as yet, specific individual not yet identified
* [[/Samuel Wilfred Watson|Watson, Samuel Wilfred or Wilfred Samuel]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXY5-LXP] - 1906(Eng)-1998(WA) - Licences: 6WW Perth (West Perth, 1930-1939, 1948-1969); 6WW Shoalwater Bay (1975); 6WW Cardup (1980) - Qualifications: cc; 1COCP 189, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (West Perth, WA, 1931-1972); retired (Shoalwater Bay, WA, 1977; Cardup, WA, 1980)
* [[/William Wesley Watson|Watson, William Wesley]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio telegraphist (Hobart South, 1949)

===''WATT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alexander Watt|Watt, Alexander]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDRK-4B7] - 1901(Sct)-1985(Tas) - Licences: 7BO Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923); Receive Prince of Wales Bay (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Prince of Wales Bay, 1922-1928); accountant (New Town, 1936-1949; Moonah, 1954)
* [[/Arthur William Watt|Watt, Arthur William]] -  19??(???)-19??(???) - 4?? Brisbane, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, journalist (Wireless Weekly)
* [[/Charles Russell Watt|Watt, Charles Russell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZV7-JFH] - 1904(Eng)-1993(NSW) - 2WT Tenterfield (1925-1975+), amateur operator (AOCP 184, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, grazier (Tenterfield, 1930-1980)
===''WAUCHOPE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Wylie Wauchope|Wauchope, Ronald Wylie]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH6X-QJR] - 1914(SA)-1933(SA)19yo - Licences: 5WE Adelaide (Maylands, 1933) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1086, 1933, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Passed too soon, 19yo - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WEATHERLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry William Elsdon Weatherley|Weatherley, Harry William Elsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTBF-1HC] - 1921(Vic)-2006(Vic) - prominent MW and SW broadcast DXer (1940-1990), clubs (Australian Radio DX Club, New Zealand Radio DX League, New Zealand DX Radio Association, Southern Cross DX Club, DX Australia - Chief Editor, Ontario DX Club), ANARC DXer of the year - metallurgist (Auburn, 1949-1954); technician (Mount Waverley, 1963-1972); retired (Mount Waverley, 1980)
* [[/Herb J. Weatherley|Weatherley, Herb J.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 4HW Clifton (-1951+), amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), callsign formerly Harold Dunbar Walsh
===''WEATHERSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/W. A. Weatherson|Weatherson, W. A.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Identification: Not yet identified - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
===''WEATHERSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Stewart Weatherston|Weatherston, William Stewart]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8LZ-2KF] - 1905(WA)-1942(Sing) - Licences: 3AB Melbourne (East St Kilda, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1927); salesman (St Kilda, 1931; Forrest, ACT, 1935; Newtown, 1943!) - Sacrifice: &quot;Greater love hath no man than this&quot;

===''WEBSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Charles Webster|Webster, Harold Charles]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KCRM-31P] - 1876(Tas)-1923(Tas) - Licences: Receive (Crystal Hobart (City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: photographer (Launceston, 1914); clerk (Hobart North, 1922)
* [[/William Webster|Webster, William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJD-D94] - 1860(Eng)-1936(NSW) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1915-1920), played prominent part in the Postal Royal Commission

===''WEDDELL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/James Austin Weddell|Weddell, James Austin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXK9-SYF] - 1914(SA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5ZL Adelaide (Reade Park, 1935-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1595, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Col Light Gardens, SA, 1939-1943); RAAF (Albert Park, Vic, 1949; Auburn, Vic, 1954); RAAF officer (Richmond, NSW, 1958); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1963); not stated (Red Hill, ACT, 1968-1972); RAAF (Red Hill, ACT, 1977-1980)
* [[/John Arthur Weddell|Weddell, John Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXKM-KVK] - 1926(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4FT Brisbane (Zillmere, 1954-1960); 2ZM Glenbrook (1961); 4FT Brisbane (Sandgate North, 1965-1969); 2BFT Sydney (Clovelly, 1975-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 3172, 1951, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Annerley, Qld, 1949; Zillmere, Qld, 1954-1958; Sandgate, Qld, 1963-1968); technician (Marrickville, NSW,  1972; Clovelly, NSW, 1977-1980)

===''WEDGEWOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Donald Wedgewood|Wedgewood, William Donald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDLV-GM8] - 1901(Qld)-1974(NSW) - Licences: N741 Receive NSW - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 692, 1922; 2COCP 49, 1935 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: boarder (Sutton Coalfield, Eng, 1911); manufacturer (Glenmore, 1930-1936); aviator (Nedlands, WA, 1937); farmer (Moruya, 1949-1954); greenkeeper (Brisbane, 1958); public servant (Hornsby, 1963-1972)

===''WEEKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/H. L. Weeks|Weeks, H. L.]] - 19??-19?? - Licences: 4CJ Receive Currumbin (1922) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: - Identification: Not yet identified

===''WEISS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Wilfred George Weiss|Weiss, Wilfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8V9-7NP] - 1912(NSW)-1982(NSW) - Licences: 2TV Sydney (Croydon Park, 1960-1961; Strathfield, 1965); 2TV Ettalong Beach (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 670, 1930, NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: grocer (Lithgow, 1934-1937); storekeeper (Lithgow, 1943); silk screen craftsman (Croydon Park, 1949-1958); retired (Strathfield, 1963-1968; Ettalong Beach, 1972; Ettalong, 1977)

===''WELLER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Arthur Martin Weller|Weller, Cyril Arthur Martin &quot;Sam&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-WXH] - 1903(???)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4CZ Brisbane (Clayfield, 1938-1939, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 2160, 1938, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, Radio Club (WIAQ, Brisbane DX Club), power station engineer, education (ME, UQ) - Electoral Rolls: student (Windsor, 1925); engineer (Wilston, 1925-1928; Camp Hill, 1934-1943; Clayfield, 1949-1972; Albion, 1977)
===''WELLING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Welling|Welling, Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLHB-KQZ] - 1898(Eng)-1960(SA) - Licences: 5TW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1937); 5TW Mt Gambier (1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 179, 1930; 1COCP 81, 1936 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: wireless engineer (Mt Gambier, SA, 1939-1941); wireless technician (Mt Gambier, SA, 1943)

===''WELLINGTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Stanley Hudson Wellington|Wellington, Stanley Hudson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB84-47Y] - 1909(Tas)-1981(NSW) - Licences: 7PK Hobart (New Town, 1932-1933); 3SX Melbourne (Brighton, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1002, 1932, No. ?? in Tas; AOLCP 117, 1933 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: representative (Caulfield, 1936); chemist (Brighton, Vic, 1937-1942); manager (Mosman, 1949-1980)

===''WELLMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leo Joseph Wellman|Wellman, Leo Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L1SW-R9S] - 1898(NSW)-1965(NSW) - 2PS Receive Sydney (Marrickville, 1923), 2LW Sydney (Marrickville, 1925-1928), amateur operator (AOCP 117, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WELSH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Claud William Welsh|Welsh, Claude or Claud  William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZPH-WS4] - 1914(Qld)-1988(Qld) - Licences: 4CW Warwick (1937-1939); 4DK Mackay (1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1982, 1937, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Warwick, Qld, 1937-1943); engineer (Kew, Vic, 1943); radio technician (Warwick, Qld, 1958; Mackay, Qld, 1958); technician (Mackay, Qld, 1963); radio technician (Mackay, Qld, 1968-1980)

===''WERRETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Errol Limbrick Werrett|Werrett, Errol Limbrick]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8SK-FMH] - 1908(Tas)-1974(Eng) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Hampshire (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: farm worker (Hampshire, 1936-1937); fitter (South Melbourne, 1943); engineer (Caulfield, 1949-1968; Balaclava, 1972)

===''WESTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril Frederick Shorter Weston|Weston, Cyril Frederick Shorter]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZVJ-FXY] - 1905(Eng)-1988(NSW) - Licences: 4EN Receive Clermont (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: telephone mechanic (Kedron, 1928); Christian worker (Darlinghurst, 1934); grocer (Oatley, 1943); agriculturalist (Ourimbah, 1949); salesman (Paekhurst, 1963-1980); retired (Charmhaven, 1980)
* [[/George James Weston|Weston, George James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXQ3-Y8Q] - 1868(Eng)-1939(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 702, 1922 - RANRS (Radio Lieutenant) - Comment: Several contemporaneous GJWs - Electoral Rolls: telegraph operator (Albany, 1903); civil servant (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1910-1912); civil servant (Wireless Station, Carlingford, NSW, 1913); sailor (Toorak, 1919); naval officer (Elsternwick, 1919); civil servant (Auburn, Vic, 1922); wireless engineer (Auburn, Vic, 1924-1927); retired engineer (Upwey, 1931-1937)
* [[/Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston|Weston, Robert Marcus Hamilton &quot;Mark&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-KW6] - 1915(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 4XO Bundaberg (1938-1939); 2WE Sydney (Lidcombe, 1946-1947); 2AWE Sydney (Kingsford, 1955; Kensington, 1956-1957); 2AYK Sydney (Kensington, 1957; Kingsford, 1958-1961); 2CM Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2076, 1938, Qld; 2COCP 386, 1940; 1COCP 581, 1942 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; ship wireless officer; wireless officer (QANTAS) - Relationships: husband of 2MR Verle Lorraine Weston nee Key(s) - Electoral Rolls: marine wireless operator (Auchenflower, Qld, 1943); radio operator (Blakehurst, NSW, 1949; Kingsford, NSW, 1954-1963; Sans Souci, NSW, 1968-1980)
* [[/Verle Lorraine Keys|Weston nee Key(s), Verle Lorraine]] - 1934(???)-1985(NSW) - 2MR Sydney (Dolls Point, 1964-1980), YL amateur operator (AOCP ???, 1964, No. ?? in Qld), wife of Robert Marcus Hamilton Weston 2CM
* [[/William Wood Weston|Weston or Wehrstedt, William Wood]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDPG-KBQ] - 1912(WA)-1953(WA) - Licences: 6MW Perth (Nedlands, 1935-1939; North Beach, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1465, 1935, WA; BOCP 596, 1944 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: Further clarification of identification required - Electoral Rolls: assistant operator (Subiaco, WA, 1936-1937); operator (Leederville, WA, 1943-1954; North Perth, WA, 1958-1968; Leederville, WA, 1972-1977)

===''WHALLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Rupert Percy Whalley|Whalley, Rupert Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZGZ-CV3] - 1894(Vic)-1969(Vic) - Licences: 3JZ Receive Melbourne (Sandringham, 1922); 3JZ Melbourne (Sandringham, 1923-1927); 3JZ Myrtleford (1937-1939); 3JZ Wangaratta (1946-1948); 3JZ Melbourne (Blackburn, 1954-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 238, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: builder (Sandringham, 1919-1925); farmer (Myrtleford, 1927-1942); tobacco grower (Wangaratta, 1949); foreman (Blackburn, 1954-1968) - Relationships: father of 3ZWZ Robert Kelvin Whalley

===''WHEELER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harry Winslow Wheeler|Wheeler, Harry Winslow]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GCBC-BYC] - 1910(SA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 5FB Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1927-1928); 5HW Adelaide (Eden Hills, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 371, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, RAAF, DFC) - Electoral Rolls: chemist (Eden Hills, SA, 1939-1943); lecturer (Kalgoorlie, WA, 1954-1968) 
* [[/Victor George Wheeler|Wheeler, Victor George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GW4Z-FGL] - 1897(Eng)-1976(NZ) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - RANRS; coastal wireless operator; WW1; VIZ Roebourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: electric mechanic (Roebourne, 1917-1922); manager (Fremantle, 1925)

===''WHITAKER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Thomas Whitaker|Whitaker, Albert Thomas]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKKW-5DB] - 1895(NSW)-1960(NSW) - Licences: 2OI Receive Sydney (Banksia, 1923); 2OI Sydney (Banksia, 1923-1925) - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Rockdale, 1930; Banksia, 1933-1934); builder (Banksia, 1937-1949); instructor (Mount Colah, 1954-1958)
===''WHITBURN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Douglas Roy Whitburn|Whitburn, Douglas Roy &quot;Doug&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZT2-3JX] - 1904(SA)-1958(SA) - Licences: 5BY Adelaide (Toorak, 1927-1931; Fullarton, 1933-1939; Rosefield, 1946-1947; Fullarton, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 312, 1927, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: salesman (Rosefield, 1943)
* [[/Robert Philip Whitburn|Whitburn, Robert Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZBF-5XB] - 1896(NSW)-1991(NSW)94yo - Licences: XACJ Sydney (Leichhardt, 1913-1914); 2DK Receive Sydney (Leichhardt, 1922); 2DK Sydney (Leichhardt, 1923-1926) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: chairmaker (Leichhardt, 1930-1968); retired (West Ryde, 1972-1980)
===''WHITE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Alfred Matthews White|White, Alfred Matthews]] - 1894(Eng)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4CX Receive Winton (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil identified as yet - amateur receiver; WW1 - Electoral Rolls: grazier (Tranby, Winton, 1915-1958); retired (Buderim, Qld, 1963-1980)
* [[/Charles Robert White|White, Charles Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXLC-S5H] - 1911(SA)-1986(Vic) - Licences: 5MX Adelaide (Kilkenny, 1931-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 802, 1931, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Edwin Harold White|White, Edwin Harold &quot;Eddie&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTQ-QGH] - 1911(Qld)-1997(Qld) - Licences: 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1933-1939); 4EW Mackay (1946-1950); 4EW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1954-1956); 5OW &amp; 8OW Darwin (1956-1963); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1963-1965); 4OW Mt Isa (1969); 4OW Brisbane (Red Hill, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1141, 1933, No. ?? in Qld; 1COCP 250, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Gold Coast ARC); military (WW2, Fortress Signals); federal public servant (DCA) - Electoral Rolls: compositor (Red Hill, 1934-1936); radio technician (Longreach, 1937); aeradio operator (Cloncurry, 1943; Mackay, 1949); communications officer (Archerfield, 1954); public servant (Red Hill, 1963; Mt Isa, 1968; Red Hill, 1972-1980)
* [[/Frank Philip White|White, Frank Philip or Phillip]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXSJ-9NF] - 1892(Eng)-19??(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 189, 1916 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIM Melbourne (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Frank Roy White|White, Frank Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD4P-LVT] - 1911(NSW)-1994(???) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; 2COCP 5, 1934; 1COCP 12, 1934 - beam wireless operator (AWA); WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (West Ryde, 1933-1935); telegraphist (Roseville, 1936-1937; Ryde, 1943-1968)

===''WHITELAW''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Charles Roy Whitelaw|Whitelaw, Charles Roy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/99WD-7NY] - 1891(Vic)-1957(Vic) - Licences: XMO Melbourne (Rosedale, 1913-1914); 3BH Melbourne (Mooroolbark, 1923-1925); 3BH Stawell (1925); 3BH Benalla (1925-1927); 3BH Melbourne (Mitcham, 1931); 3BH Woomelang (1933); 3BH Melbourne (Mornington 1937-1939); 3BH (Harrisfield, 1946-1947; Dandenong, 1948; Noble Park, 1954-1955; Boronia, 1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 87, 1925, No. ?? in Vic - early wireless experimenter; amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; fire brigade and railway stationmaster; WW1 (AFC, Wireless Operator, 1917) - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Creswick, 1914); assistant stationmaster (Ravenswood, 1919); stationmaster (Mooroolbark, 1922-1924); railway employee (Timboon, 1925); stationmaster (Benalla, 1925-1927; Mitcham, 1931; Euroa, 1942; Harrisfield, 1949-1954)
===''WHITING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Reginald Ambrose Whiting|Whiting, Reginald Ambrose]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXR6-XDQ] - 1911(SA)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 5MC Adelaide (Torrensville, 1932-1933); 3MZ Melbourne (East Preston, 1947-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 988, 1932, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (South Yarra, Vic, 1934; Essendon, Vic, 1937); fitter &amp; turner (Preston, Vic, 1942-1968); fitter (Preston, Vic, 1972-1980)

===''WHITLAM''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward Gough Whitlam|Whitlam, Edward Gough &quot;Gough&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L5VH-8BJ] - 1916(Vic)-2014(NSW) - Prime Minister (1972-1975), WW2 (RAAF, Flight Lieutenant, navigator &amp; bomb aimer, 1942-1945) - Electoral Rolls: student (Glebe, 1943); barrister (Cronulla, 1949; Cabramatta, 1958-1963; Red Hill, 1977; Double Bay, 1980) - executive oversight of the introduction of community radio in Australia - Links: [[w:Gough Whitlam|Wikipedia]]
* [[/Lewis Alfred John Whitlam|Whitlam, Lewis Alfred John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYY1-BBB] - 1904(Qld)-1977(Qld) - Licences: Receive (Crystal) Brisbane (Brisbane City, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: engineer's assistant (Brisbane City, Qld, 1931-1937); electrical engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1943-1968); engineer (Windsor, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WICKS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/C. Wicks|Wicks, C.]] - 18??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: XQK Brisbane (South Brisbane) (1913) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - early wireless experimenter - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified

===''WILDMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cyril George Wildman|Wildman, Cyril George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GMG3-GNP] - 1900(Vic)-1982(Vic) - Licences: 3FM Melbourne (Northcote, 1930-1931; Moreland, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; East Brunswick, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 624, 1930, No. ?? in Vic; BOCP 422, 1942 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (South Melbourne, 1927; Fitzroy North, 1931; Coburg, 1934-1942); electrical engineer (Brunswick East, 1977-1980)

===''WILKIN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/John Winstanley Wilkin|Wilkin, John Winstanley]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6LX-1P7] - 1891(NZ)-1967(SA) - Licences: 5JW Adelaide (North Adelaide, 1928; Osmond, 1931; Glen Osmond, 1933; North Walkerville, 1937-1938) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified; likely qualified in NZ - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: manager (Toorak, SA, 1939-1943)

===''WILKINS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Arthur Wilkins|Wilkins, Arthur]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 3AW Melbourne (Murrumbeena, 1927; East St Kilda, 1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 375, 1927, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous Arthur Wilkins, specific to be identified

===''WILKINSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Angus Wilkinson|Wilkinson, Dudley Angus]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR41-Q53] - 1919(SA)-1988(SA) - Licences: 5WD Adelaide (Frewville, 1935-1939; College Park, 1947-1948) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1455, 1935, SA; BOCP 182, 1938; 1COCP 284, 1939 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio technician (Hawthorn, SA, 1941; Ballarat, Vic, 1942)

===''WILLIAMS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Williams|Williams, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BO Adelaide (Unley, 1930-1931); 5BO Adelaide (Ottaway, 1946-1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 659, 1930, No. ?? in SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - several contemporaneous AEWs in SA
* [[/Alex Elisha Williams|Williams, Alex Elisha]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8JC-RN9] - 1913(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3KT Melbourne (Elsternwick, 1933-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 1062, 1932, Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: fitter (Elsternwick, 1936-1937; Camberwell, 1943-1949; Highfield Park, 1954); school teacher (Frankston, 1967-1968); teacher (Frankston, 1972-1980)
* [[/Alfred Keith Williams|Williams, Alfred Keith]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8C3-3SS] - 1905(WA)-1932(WA) - Licences: 6AW Collie (1929-1931) - Qualifications: AOCP 502, 1929, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: picture S. operator (Collie, 1930) 
* [[/Ernest Arthur Williams|Williams, Ernest Arthur]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKNS-QYG] - 1888(NSW)-1968(NSW) - Licences: 2QY Receive Wollongong (1923); 2QY Wollongong (1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: plumber (Wollongong, 1913, 1930-1958); retired (Wollongong, 1968)
* [[/Harold Parkyn Williams|Williams, Harold Parkyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G7CW-DGX] - 1881(Qld)-1933(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - first general manager of ABC - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/williams-harold-parkyn-9112 ADB]
* [[/J. E. Williams|Williams, J. E.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DQ Receive Brisbane (Annerley, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Comment: many contemporaneous JEWs - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/John Henry Williams|Williams, John Henry Jnr &quot;Johnny&quot; &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/MP3D-8NG] - 1880(Qld)-1953(Qld) - Licences: 4JH Mackay (1929-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 507, 1929, No ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: iron monger? (Mackay, 1925-1943) - established commercial broadcaster 4MK Mackay 1931
* [[/Leslie Samuel Barnes Williams|Williams, Leslie Samuel Barnes]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8F2-X56] - 1896(Qld)-1974(Qld) - Licences: 4LS Brisbane (Indooroopilly, 1930-1933); 4LS Toogoolawah (1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 630, 1930, Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: naval signalman (Cape Moreton, 1917-1922); saddler (Indooroopilly, 1925-1931); boot repairer (Toogoolawah, 1934-1958); retired (Taringa, 1963-1972) 
* [[/Neville Williams|Williams, Neville]] - 1915(NSW)-1996(NSW) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: - Links: [http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199701.pdf EA]

===''WILLIAMSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Cecil Joseph Augustine Williamson|Williamson, Cecil Joseph Augustine]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K879-9HC] - 1925(NSW)-1973(NSW) - Licences: 2CW Yass (1929-1931); 2ALS Yass (1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: AOCP 525, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio dealer (Yass, 1930-1949); farmer (Trundle, 1949); mechanic (Orange, 1954-1972)
* [[/Frederick Lerpiniere Williamson|Williamson, Frederick Lerpiniere]][https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LB6L-GCH] - 1896(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5AH Receive Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922); 5AH Adelaide (Kent Town, 1922-1927; Collinswood, 1928, 1948-1955); also dealer licence 5BT Adelaide 1925-1926 for Kauper, Austin &amp; Williamson - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 22, 1924, No. ?? in SA; BOCP 284, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Hubert Gordon Williamson|Williamson, Hubert Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LH7J-YQP] - 1907(Vic)-1995(Vic) - 3GW Rainbow (1927-1939, 1946-1960), 3GW Lalor (1965-1969), 3GW Melbourne (East Doncaster, 1975-1980), 3GH Rainbow (1937-1939), amateur operator (AOCP 342, 1927, No. ?? in Vic), (1COCP 593, 1942), amateur broadcaster
* Williamson nee Hutchings, Marjorie Lilian - See Marjorie Lilian Hutchings
===''WILLIS''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Harold Oliver Willis|Willis, Harold Oliver]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VS-NLZ] - 1898(Vic)-1976(WA) - Licences: 6OW Perth (South Fremantle, 1930-1931); 6AM Perth (South Fremantle, 1933); 6HW Perth (South Fremantle, 1937-1939, 1946-1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 675, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: baker (South Fremantle, 1925-1968)

===''WILLMOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Thomas Robert Willmott|Willmott or Wilmot, Thomas Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZD6-TB4] - 1886(NSW)-1947(NSW) - Licences: 2BR Receive South Grafton (1922); 2ZO South Grafton (1923-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 48, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: farmer (Grafton South, 1930-1943)
===''WILLOUGHBY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Eric Lancelot Willoughby|Willoughby, Eric Lancelot]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LR88-Q5X] - 1912(SA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5BM Adelaide (Penrhyn, 1932-1939); 5GO Adelaide (Unley, 1948); 3FB Noojee (1954-1956); 3FB Neerim Junction (1960); 4EW Booval (1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1035, 1932, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: no occupation (Penrhyn, SA, 1939-1943); farmer (Noojee, Vic, 1949-1954); PMG Linesman (Booval, Qld, 1963-1968); PMG (Booval, Qld, 1972-1977)

===''WILSON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/A. H. Wilson|Wilson, A. H.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4DL Receive Brisbane (Kangaroo Point, 1923)- Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/Darius Joseph Wilson|Wilson, Darius Joseph]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8ZR-GJ4] - 1901(NSW)-1987(NSW) - Licences: 2DW Sydney (Leichhardt, 1929-1931; Lidcombe, 1933; Five Dock, 1933-1939, 1946-1948; Warwick Farm, 1950; Yagoona, 1954-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 548, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: french polisher (Leichhardt, 1930; Five Dock, 1943-1949); no occupation (Five Dock, 1954); french polisher (Yagoona, 1954-1968); polisher (Yagoona, 1972-1977)
* [[/Horace Benjamin Wilson|Wilson, Horace Benjamin &quot;Ben&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8DV-71R] - 1911(WA)-2005(NSW) - Licences: 5WB Adelaide (Wayville, 1930-1937; Unley Park, 1938-1939); 2BP Sydney (McMahons Point, 1946-1948; West Ryde, 1950-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 586, 1930, No. ?? in SA; AOLCP 161, 1934; 2COCP 33, 1935; 1COCP 72, 1935 - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: radio engineer (Unley Park, 1939); recording engineer (McMahons Point, 1949); business manager (West Ryde, 1954-1980)
* [[/Leonard Gratton Wilson|Wilson, Leonard Gratton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GQN8-3K6] - 1901(NSW)-1990(WA) - Licences: 6LG Perth (Inglewood, 1928; South Perth, 1930-1931; Como, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 429, 1928, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: vigneron (Caversham, 1925); police constable (South Perth, 1931-1936; Como, 1937); constable (Albany, 1943-1949); police constable (Como, 1954-1958)
* [[/Leslie Maclean Wilson|Wilson, Leslie Maclean]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LRH5-9TL] - 1893(NSW)-1972(NSW) - 2LM  Marsden (1924-1926), 2LM Sydney (Cremorne, 1927), 2LM Mudgee (1928-1939), 2LM Port Macquarie (1960-1969+), amateur operator (AOCP 33, 1924, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, pastoralist
* [[/Perry Allen Wilson|Wilson, Perry Allen]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4AT Receive Eumundi (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: motordriver (Eumundi, Qld, 1925-1934); garage proprietor (Eumundi, Qld, 1936-1943)
* [[/Victor John Wilson|Wilson, Victor John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX8K-NPY] - 1909(Qld)-2009(Qld)99yo - Licences: Receive Brisbane (New Farm, 1923); 4VW Brisbane (Newstead, 1937-1939); 4VW Nambour (1960); 4VW Brisbane (Everton Park, 1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1100, 1933, Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: panel beater (Newstead, Qld, 1931-1937; Nambour, Qld, 1958; Everton Park, Qld, 1963-1980) 
* [[/Warne Alfred George Wilson|Wilson, Warne Alfred George]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKLN-Y39] - 1900(Vic)-1981(Vic) - Licences: 3RY Receive Ballarat (1923); 3RY Ballarat (1924-1925); 3WA Ballarat (1928-1939, 1946-1960); 3KV Ballarat (1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 444, 1928, No. ?? in Vic; AOLCP 20, 1930 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrical engineer (Ballarat, 1924); radio engineer (Ballarat, 1927-1980)
* [[/Wilfred Elvyn Wilson|Wilson, Wilfred Elvyn]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDSB-MB4] - 1880(Eng)-1964(NSW) - Licences: 2JI Receive Sydney (Roseville, 1922-1923); 2JI Sydney (Roseville, 1924-1925) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified -  amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: optician (Roseville, 1930-1963)

===''WING''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James John Wing|Wing, William James John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDHH-WKW] - 1887(Eng)-1954(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 188, 1916; 2COCP 142, 1930; 1COCP 212, 1931 - coastal wireless operator; RANRS (CPO, 1917-1918); AWA - Electoral Rolls: wireless operator (Hotel Metropole, Thursday Island, Qld, 1914); wireless engineer operator (Radio Station, Applecross, WA, 1917); radiotelegraphist (Cooktown, 1921); business manager (Epping, 1930); sales manager (Epping, 1933-1936; Roseville, 1937; Chatswood, 1943-1949); manager (Melbourne, 1954)
===''WINTERFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton Winterford|Winterford, Dudley Charles Burnett Brereton]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3ML-FJH] - 1908(Qld)-1988(Canada?) - Licences: 4MF Brisbane (Annerley, 1927-1931); 4MF Southport (1933); 4MF Sarina (1938-1939) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 363, 1927, No. 40 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: electrician (Annerley, 1931); mechanic (Coorparoo, 1937); electrician (Sarina, 1943); electrical contractor (Broadbeach, 1949)

===''WISE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Henry Wise|Wise, George Henry]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDDS-D87] - 1853(Vic)-1950(Vic) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: Nil yet identified - politician (Postmaster-General, 1920-1921) - Electoral Rolls: solicitor (Sale, 1905-1949) - Links: [[w:George Wise (Australian politician)|Wikipedia]]
===''WISEMAN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Cleave Wiseman|Wiseman, William James Cleave]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX2M-ZP8] - 1906(SA)-1976(SA) - Licences: 5WJ Port Lincoln (1931-1939); 5WJ Ceduna (1947-1948); 5WJ Adelaide (Parafield, 1954) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 759, 1931, No. ?? in SA; 1COCP 485, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: cinema operator (Port Lincoln, SA, 1939-1941); aeradio operator (Ceduna, SA, 1943)

===''WISHART''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Turner Wishart|Wishart, William Turner &quot;Bill, Billy&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GHQ3-J9S] - 1900(Qld)-1994(Qld) - Licences: 4WT Brisbane (Graceville, 1931-1939); 6TW Perth (Claremont/Floreat Park, 1946-1948); 4WX Brisbane (St Lucia, 1965-1969; Margate 1975-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 870, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; radio club (WIAQ, councillor, federal councillor) - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Red Hill, Qld, 1921); optical mechanic (Paddington, Qld, 1925; Graceville, Qld, 1928-1937); audiometrist (Floreat Park, WA, 1949; Darlington, WA, 1949); retired (Wynnum North, Qld, 1972; Margate, Qld, 1977-1980)

===''WITT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sidney Herbert Witt|Witt, Sidney Herbert &quot;Sid&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD3D-BDV] - 1892(Vic)-1973(Vic) - Licences: 3MZ Receive Melbourne (Camberwell, 1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: civil servant (Malvern, 1914-1916); electrical engineer (Camberwell, 1922); engineer (Brighton, 1925-1943; Glen Iris, 1958-1968; Burwood, 1972)) - Links: [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/witt-sidney-herbert-12059 ADB]

===''WOLFE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Hamilton Bennett Wolfe|Wolfe, Hamilton Bennett]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G9H2-8K6] - 1886(Vic)-1956(WA) - Licences: Nil yet identified - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 193, 1916; 2COCP 242, 1930; 1COCP 213, 1931 - coastal wireless operator (RANRS, CPO, 1917-1918); WW1; VIP Perth (1917-1918) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Bairnsdale, Vic, 1908-1912); wireless telegraphist (Applecross, WA, 1925-1926); radio telegraphist (Geraldton, 1936-1949); retired (Nedlands, WA, 1954)

===''WOLFENDEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Peter Wolfenden|Wolfenden, Peter]] - 3ZPA Strathmore (1965) - amateur operator, historian (amateur, amateur broadcasting), journalist (WIA's &quot;Amateur Radio&quot;)

===''WOOD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Percy Wood|Wood, Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8M8-2V1] - 1909(Qld)-19??(???) - Licences: 4RQ Ipswich (1927-1931); 4PW Ipswich (1933-1939); 2EPW Banora Point - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 359, 1927, No. 39 in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; journalist (QRN, AR); engineer (IREE) - Electoral Rolls: electrical mechanic (Ipswich, 1931); radio dealer (Ipswich, 1937-1949; East Ipswich, 1954-1968); electrical dealer (Banora Point, 1977-1980)
===''WOODLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William Robert Woodley|Woodley, William Robert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8VC-CYY] - 1909(???)-1995(WA) - Licences: 6BY Perth (West Leederville, 1930-1931); 6DJ Perth (Carlisle, 1946-1948; Victoria Park, 1954-1956; Maniana, 1960-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 680, 1930, No. ?? in WA - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: labourer (Claremont, 1936-1937); mechanic (Victoria Park, 1943); radio mechanic (Carlisle, 1949; Victoria Park, 1954; Maniana, 1963-1980) - Callsign possibly withdrawn for commercial

===''WOOKEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Robert Bruce Wookey|Wookey, Robert Bruce]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9DP1-GVW] - 1907(Vic)-1974(Vic) - Receive Geelong (1923-1924), 3RW Geelong (1925-1927), 3IC Geelong (1948-1974), amateur operator (AOCP 146, 1925, No. ?? in Vic), amateur broadcaster, postal clerk

===''WOOLACOTT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Francis Prosser Woolacott|Woolacott, Francis Prosser &quot;Frank&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZFL-94T] - 1903(NSW)-1968(NSW) - 2ST Receive Sydney (Drummoyne, 1923-1924), 2FW Sydney (Drummoyne, 1925-1926), amateur operator (AOCP 119, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster
===''WOOLLETT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/David Edgar Woollett|Woollett, David Edgar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZTM-HDP] - 1920(NSW)-2001(NSW) - Licences: 2ZDE Sydney (Beverley Hills, 1956-1980+) - Qualifications: AOLCP 202, 1956; AOCP 4292, 1965, NSW - amateur operator, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: telephone technician (Beverley Hills, 1949-1972; Narwee, 1977-1980)
* [[/N. Woollett|Woollett, N.]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2ZY Sydney (Mosman, 1926-1927) - Qualifications: AOCP 276, 1926, No. ?? in NSW -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: ?
===''WOOLLEY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leon Ronald Woolley|Woolley, Leon Ronald]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L214-JQH] - 1898(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4FW Ipswich (1931); 4FW Townsville (1933); 4FW Ipswich (1937-1939, 1946-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 751, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; military (WW2, ATC); employment (school teacher) - Electoral Rolls: schoolteacher (Bell, Qld, 1919-1921; Newtown, Qld, 1925; Kia Ora, Townsville, 1931; Newtown, Qld 1934-1963)

===''WOOLNOUGH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Archibald Stephen Woolnough|Woolnough, Archibald Stephen]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8CG-9PK] - 1909(Vic)-2004(Vic) - Licences: 3BW Portarlington (1929-1980+) - Qualifications: AOCP 519, 1929, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: business proprietor (Portarlington, 1931-1980) 
* [[/Walter Lyell Woolnough|Woolnough, Walter Lyell]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/9CJF-LS3] - 1906(NSW)-1999(NSW) - 2GW Sydney (Killara, 1925-1927; Gordon, 1928-1930; Greenwich, 1931; Gordon, 1933-1936), 2GW Lithgow (1937-1939), Sydney (Gordon, 1946-1980+), amateur operator (AOCP 153, 1925, No. ?? in NSW), amateur broadcaster, licence held by father Walter George Woolnough till 1933, engineer

===''WOOSTER''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Horace Meredith Wooster|Wooster, Horace Meredith &quot;Jack&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L23Q-CGW] - 1909(Qld)-1992(Qld) - Licences: 4VH Townsville (City, 1930-1939; Belgian Gardens, 1946-1948); 4VH Brisbane (Yeronga, 1954-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 623, 1930, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2; state public servant (Qld Railways, telegraphist; Qld Main Roads Dept); military (Army signals officer) - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Townsville, 1931-1932; Norman Park, 1937; Townsville, 1943-1949; Yeronga, 1954-1980)

===''WORRALL''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Leonard Albert Worrall|Worrall, Leonard Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LTL5-L1L] - 1912(NSW)-1978(Qld) - Licences: 2XM Sydney (Parramatta, 1933-1934; Punchbowl, 1935-1936); 4XM Cairns (1937-1939); 4WL Brisbane (Stafford Heights, 1975) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1221, 1933, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Punchbowl, NSW, 1934-1936; Cairns, Qld, 1937); bank clerk (Wynnum, Qld, 1943); clerk (Wynnum North, Qld, 1954-1963); bank manager (Tarragindi, Qld, 1968); manager (Stafford Heights, Qld, 1972-1977)
===''WORTH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Sydney Ernest Worth|Worth, Sydney or Sidney Ernest]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXBH-5Z3] - 1905(WA)-1963(WA) - Licences: 6SW Perth (Rivervale, 1930-1933; Nedlands, 1937-1939) - Qualifications: cc; CPRT 958, 1927; 2COCP 223, 1930; 1COCP 226, 1931 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Rivervale, WA, 1931); wireless operator (Nedlands, WA, 1936-1958)

===''WRAITH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Edward James Crawford Wraith|Wraith, Edward James Crawford &quot;Jim&quot;]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/KV2C-11D] - 1862(Vic)-1942(Vic) - Early wireless experimenter

===''WRATTEN''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Mervyn James Wratten|Wratten, Mervyn James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZJM-DV8] - 1918(Qld)-1999(Qld) - Licences: 4MW Ipswich (Brassall, 1937-1939; North Ipswich, 1946-1947; Brassall, 1948-1980+); 4LX Gold Coast (Palm Beach, 1956-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1932, 1937, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio clubs (WIAQ, Ipswich ARC); military (WW2, CMF, AIF); employment (Cribb &amp; Foote, manager, radio section); business proprietor (Avon Theatre) - Electoral Rolls: shop assistant (Brassall, Qld, 1943-1977; North Ipswich, Qld, 1980)

===''WRAY''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ronald Milroy Percy Wray|Wray, Ronald Milroy Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G8H3-QYM] - 1909(Vic)-1963(NSW) - Licences: 2WX Sydney (Hurstville, 1929-1961) - Qualifications: AOCP 472, 1929, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: Nil identified
===''WREFORD''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Roger Norman Wreford|Wreford, Roger Norman]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GX22-N2X] - 1909(WA)-1990(SA) - Licences: 2ADC Broken Hill (1936-1937); 5RW Adelaide (Blackwood, 1938-1939; Mitcham, 1947-1954; South Brighton, 1955-1960; Crafers, 1965-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1714, 1936, NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Relationships: Brother of 5DW-6IW Arthur Franklin Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Broken Hill, NSW, 1935-1936; Blackwood, SA, 1939; Mitcham, SA, 1941-1943)
* [[/Arthur Franklin Wreford|Wreford, Arthur Franklin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G3V1-92S] - 1898(WA)-19??(???) - Licences: 5DW Adelaide (Kensington Gardens, 1937-1939; Cumberland, 1947-1954); 6IW Perth (Armadale, 1955-1969) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2037, 1937, SA; 2COCP 452, 1941 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW1 - Relationships: Brother of 2ADC-5RW Roger Norman Wreford - Electoral Rolls: bank clerk (Kensington Gardens, SA, 1939); mechanic (Crystal Brook, SA, 1941; Cumberland, SA, 1943); civil servant (Gosnells, WA, 1954); technician (Armadale, WA, 1958) - Links: [https://discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au/browse/person/133040 NAA]

===''WRIEDE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/George Sjoberg Albert Wriede|Wriede, George Sjoberg Albert]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LKG2-VK8] - 1900(Qld)-1971(Qld) - Licences: 4DJ Receive Caboolture (1923) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur receiver - Electoral Rolls: railway employee (Cooroy, 1921; Miriam Vale, 1925-1958); retired (Gladstone, 1963)
===''WRIGHT''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Albert Edward Wright|Wright, Albert Edward]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 2SS Receive Scarborough (1923); 2SS Scarborough (1924-1925); 2SS Coledale (1926-1933); 2SS Coolah (1933); 2SE Scarborough (1935-1936); 2SE Louth/Bourke (1937-1938); 2SE Walgett (1939); 2SE Willow Tree (1946); 2SE Stanmore (1947-1950); 2SE Sydney (Guildford, 1954-1961); 2SE Quirindi (1965) -  Qualifications: cc; AOCP 118, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Comment: several contemporaneous Albert Edward Wrights in NSW, needs specific data to identify - Electoral Rolls: Nil yet identified
* [[/A. W. H. Wright|Wright, A. W. H. &quot;Bill&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - 5BW Adelaide, 3AAW, 4TU Garbutt (-1950+, amateur operator (AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld), amateur broadcaster
* [[/Collis Page Wright|Wright, Collis Page]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GD1P-P9L] - 1912(Tas)-2004(Tas) - Licences: 7LZ Launceston (1933-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1099, 1933, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: draper's assistant (Launceston, 1936-1937); salesman (Launceston, 1943); draper (Launceston, 1949-1968)
* [[/Eric John Wright|Wright, Eric John]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXHG-P2G] - 1904(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4DY Brisbane (Annerley, 1936-1939; Windsor, 1947; Buranda, 1948; Annerley, 1954; Buranda, 1955-1956; Ekibin, 1960-1965) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1816, 1936, Qld; 3COCP 1471, 1953 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: turner (Annerley, Qld, 1937-1943; Annerley, Qld, 1949); waterside worker (Ekibin, Qld, 1963)
* [[/Frederick Harold Wright|Wright, Frederick Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GF95-LW1] - 1910(Eng)-1972(WA) - Licences: 6FR Perth (Buckland Hill, 1936-1937; Mosman Park, 1938-1939, 1947-1960) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1809, 1936, WA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: printer (Buckland Hill, WA, 1936; Mosman Park, WA, 1943-1963) 
* [[/William Henry Hilsdon Wright|Wright, William Henry Hilsdon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GDVF-RKL] - 1905(Qld)-1967(Qld) - Licences: 4FA Toowoomba (1924) - Qualifications: cc; Nil yet identified - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: school teacher (Murrays Creek, 1930; Ballandean, 1937-1949); teacher (Toowoomba, 1954-1963)

===''WYNNE''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Agar Wynne|Wynne, Agar]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZ4J-6CN] - 1850(Eng)-1934(Vic) - senior federal politician (Postmaster-General, 1913-1914)
* [[/Alfred Percy Wynne|Wynne, Alfred Percy]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L858-Q52] - 1885(Qld)-1966(Qld) - proprietor music business (Wynne's Music, Maryborough), proprietor broadcasting station (4MB Maryborough) - Electoral Rolls: piano tuner (Paddington, 1908; Mooloolah, 1909); commercial traveller (Mooloolah, 1912); piano tuner (Maryborough, 1913); salesman (Brisbane, 1916-1917; Mooloolah, 1919; Maryborough, 1919-1925); music store proprietor (Maryborough, 1928-1949); business manager (Maryborough, 1963)

=='''X'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld -amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;

=='''Y'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''YATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Kenneth Gordon Yates|Yates, Kenneth Gordon]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-CJ3] - 1910(SA)-2000(SA) - Licences: 5RP Adelaide (Cottonville, 1939, 1947-1954; Westbourne Park, 1955-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 2371, 1939, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: toolmaker (Cottonville, SA, 1939-1943) 
* [[/Reginald Colin Yates|Yates, Reginald Colin]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GXRW-QX6] - 1914(SA)-1984(NSW) - Licences: 5RY Wyalla (1935-1937); 2AGZ Wollongong (1938-1939, 1947); 2AGZ Sydney (Mosman, 1948-1950); 2AGZ Broken Hill (1954-1957); 2AGZ Newcastle (Hamilton, 1958-1961; Charlestown, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1474, 1935, SA - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1943); electrical engineer (Mosman, NSW, 1949); engineer (Wollongong, NSW, 1954); chartered electrical engineer (Merewether, NSW, 1958); professional engineer (Charlestown, NSW, 1968-1980)

===''YEATES''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Henry Melville Yeates|Yeates, Henry Melville]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G698-PXG] - 1912(Tas)-1980(???) - Licences: 7HY Launceston (1936-1939, 1948-1956) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 1621, 1936, No. ?? in Tas - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; WW2 - Electoral Rolls: mechanic (Launceston, 1936-1937); electrical contractor (Launceston, 1949-1954); salesman (Mosman, NSW, 1958-1977)

===''YORSTON''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ernest Sutherland Yorston|Yorston, Ernest Sutherland]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZY8-46D] - 1909(Vic)-1971(Vic) - Licences: 3ES Melbourne (Caulfield, 1926-1939) - Qualifications: AOCP 299, 1926, No. ?? in Vic - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, WW2 - Electoral Rolls: clerk (Caulfield, 1931-1937); sales (Caulfield, 1942; Elsternwick, 1949); manufacturer (Caulfield, 1954-1963); director (Oakleigh, 1967-1968)
===''YOUNG''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/Ivan Harold Young|Young, Ivan Harold]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L118-BVF] - 1910(Qld)-2000(Qld) - Licences: 4YG Brisbane (Albion) (1930-1939); 4YH Brisbane (Mitchelton) (1969-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 708, 1930, No. ?? in Qld; BOCP 315, 1940 - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster; radio technician (Mission Control Station, Thursday Island) - Electoral Rolls: nil (Albion, 1931-1937); public servant (Newmarket, 1943; Mitchelton, 1949-1980)
* [[/James Wolstenholme Young|Young, James Wolstenholme]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L2TQ-Z2R] - 1909(NSW)-1995(NSW) - Licences: 2JY Sydney (Turramurra, 1925-1934; Roseville, 1938-1939); 2JY Katoomba (1946); 2JY Sydney (Mona Vale, 1947-1948; Willoughby, 1950-1961; Middle Cove, 1965-1980) - Qualifications: AOCP 189, 1925, No. ?? in NSW - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: articled clerk (Turramurra, 1932-1934), solicitor (Roseville, 1937; Katoomba, 1943; Willoughby, 1954-1977)
* [[/John William Young|Young, John William]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L6RN-2XX] - 1906(Qld)-1981(Qld) - Licences: 4JY Brisbane (Rosalie, 1931; Sandgate, 1933; Rosalie, 1938; Coorparoo, 1946-1980+) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 752, 1931, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: storeman (Rosalie, 1931); clerk (Sandgate, 1936); storeman (Rosalie, 1937; Coorparoo, 1943-1963); commercial traveller (Coorparoo, 1968-1980)
* [[/William Anderson Young|Young, William Anderson]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G89P-B3K] - 1897(Sct)-1956(Qld) - Licences: 4WA Brisbane (West End, 1927-1931) - Qualifications: cc; AOCP 330, 1927, No. 34 in Qld - amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: boot employee (West End, 1925-1937); bootmaker (Ashgrove, 1943-1954)

=='''Z'''==
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
===''ZECH''===
&lt;!-- * [[/Robert Browne|Browne, Robert &quot;Bob&quot;]] - 19??(???)-19??(???) - Licences: 4?? Brisbane - Qualifications: AOCP ??, 19??, No. ?? in Qld - amateur operator; amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls: --&gt;
* [[/William James Zech|Zech, William James]] [https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GZDZ-YJG] - 1893(Eng)-1973(NSW) - Licences: XABQ Sydney (Annandale, 1912-1914), 2DL Sydney (Annandale, 1922, Receive), 2WZ Sydney (Annandale, 1925-1927; Ashfield, 1928-1930; Stanmore, 1933-1934), 2ACP Sydney (Enmore, 1937; Como, 1938), 2ACP Katoomba 1939 &amp; 1946-1975) - Qualifications: CPRTelephony 424; no record of AOCP - early wireless experimenter, ship wireless operator, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster - Electoral Rolls:

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>mogn4y7be091g5hfs91gza2lx2eyj0b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Arimaa/Omar vs. Fritzlein, 2005 Postal Championship</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>401349</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088434</id>
      <parentid>4087798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:09:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Belteshazzar</username>
        <id>333751</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31988" xml:space="preserve">Played over four months, this game ultimately gave Fritzlein a perfect 10-0 record in the 2005 Arimaa Postal Championship. Had Omar won this game, he and Fritzlein would have tied for first with a 9–1 record. With the ultra-slow time controls, a postal game allows one to work through many different sequences before deciding on a move.

{{arimaa/game|15552|Game}}
* '''1g:''' Omar uses a variation of the [[../Setup#Symmetric setups|99of9 setup]], placing dogs behind his traps. Since a dog cannot be pushed aside by an enemy dog, this alignment limits the ways in which a trap can be attacked. A dog might later advance through a trap and be replaced by a rabbit or cat.
* '''1s:''' Fritzlein chooses the classic 99of9 setup, with cats behind the traps. This initially leaves his home traps somewhat more vulnerable than Omar's, as a cat could be displaced by an enemy dog. However, &quot;cats behind the traps, dogs back and center&quot; affords more flexibility overall.
* '''2g:''' Omar aggressively advances his elephant four squares, threatening to capture a cat or flip the camel.
* '''2s:''' If Fritzlein were to now advance his own elephant four squares, he would concede a cat but also threaten a dog. Any such capture would use all four steps and create further threats, so this could begin a [[../Race Positions|race]] with an unclear outcome; Fritzlein would initially capture a dog for a cat, but Omar might still have a first-move advantage. Declining such a race, Fritzlein defends both home traps and shields his camel.
* '''3g:''' Due to the risk of an elephant [[../Glossary#Blockade|smother]], Omar does not advance his elephant further. It would make sense to keep the elephant on e6 only if Omar were planning to quickly advance another piece, which would then be protected from capture in f6 but might still be taken hostage. Not ready to begin a multi-piece attack, Omar steps his elephant back a square, and uses his other three steps to develop at home. Omar could have saved time by advancing his elephant only two or three squares on 2g, while also stepping one or both of his horses forward on that turn.
* '''3s:''' Fritzlein advances his elephant, stepping it east to face Omar's camel. Fritzlein's western horse defends the c6 trap, blocking Omar's horse from b6.
* '''4g:''' Omar drags Fritzlein's eastern horse towards the f3 trap. Fritzlein can easily prevent a capture, but Omar hopes to build a strategic advantage by putting Fritzlein on defense.
* '''4s:''' Fritzlein decides to free his horse before it can be taken hostage. Fritzlein uses his elephant to unfreeze the horse; he could have advanced the h7 rabbit to h5 and unfrozen the horse that way, but the rabbit would have then been [[../Rabbit Advancement#Exposed to capture|exposed]]. Another option was to step the g7 cat forward, but Fritzlein preferred to return his horse to g6, which could not have immediately happened had the cat been on that square.
* '''5g:''' Omar moves his horse away from Fritzlein's elephant. So far the opening has been defensive, with non-elephant pieces retreating from threats.
* '''5s:''' Fritzlein further decentralizes his elephant to pull a rabbit on the h-file. Later Arimaa theory would [[../Distribution_of_Force#Centralisation|frown on this]], but in a defensive game it may have seemed logical, as a rabbit cannot retreat homeward. Fritzlein could have instead used his elephant to push Omar's e3 horse to d3, thus placing both of Omar's horses in the west, where Fritzlein's camel could have then gone to face them. With no horse in the east, Omar could have been [[../Attacking/Attacks Against a Camel Trap|vulnerable]] there also, and Fritzlein might have gotten strong threats on both wings. Not keen on early trap attacks, Fritzlein prefers the short-term rabbit capture threat.
* '''6g:''' Omar moves his elephant west to make a bigger threat. Fritzlein can hardly continue hunting an eastern rabbit when his western horse and potentially the c6 trap are in jeopardy.
* '''6s:''' Rather than moving his western horse and thus immediately opening up b6, Fritzlein centralizes his elephant and threatens to flip Omar's e3 horse.
* '''7g:''' To centralize his own elephant, Omar pulls the b6 horse twice rather than flipping it. Omar could have pulled the horse to b4 where it would have been harder to rescue, but prefers to have his elephant as centralized as possible, so as to limit Fritzlein's progress in the east.
* '''7s:''' Fritzlein gets his horse to safety. Continued pull-and-retreat play would slightly favor Fritzlein, since Omar has a rabbit exposed on h4.
* '''8g:''' In a somewhat more aggressive move, Omar advances a horse to a6; note that the horse advanced on the wing away from the enemy camel. This horse may pull a rabbit, but also threatens to take b6 in a potential trap attack. However, an elephant-horse attack usually requires support from other pieces, and Omar is poorly developed in the west; the c3 trap is even vulnerable to a counterattack. Omar might have done better to first move his other horse back to g3 and his camel to the middle, for flexibility.
* '''8s:''' Fritzlein does not immediately go after Omar's advanced horse, as a solid [[../Other Hostages|horse hostage]] can be tricky to set up. Fritzlein instead drags the h4 rabbit further forward, seeing that as a first threat which might in turn allow for an effective western threat.
* '''9g:''' Omar could use his horse to pull out Fritzlein's a8 rabbit, but a rabbit-pulling race would not favor Omar at this point. An attack on c6 would be too slow, allowing Fritzlein to capture the rabbit and perhaps even counterattack while still defending c6. Omar thus advances his camel in the east, perhaps intending to use his pulled rabbit to his advantage. An advanced camel is often at risk of being taken hostage, but a supporting flank piece can make this less likely. Increasingly vulnerable in the west, Omar advances a cat to help defend c3; this would not delay an attack for very long, but may give Omar time to attack first.
* '''9s:''' Fritzlein moves his elephant east to face Omar's camel. Whatever else is going on, an elephant must keep a constant eye on the enemy camel. Fritzlein also drags the rabbit to h6, now threatening it with one-turn capture.
* '''10g:''' Omar defends f6, placing his elephant on [[../Attacking/Positioning#Positioning the elephant|e6 rather than f5]]. In advancing his camel and dog, Omar moves toward a multi-piece attack on f6. 
* '''10s:''' Unable to capture anything in f6 as long as Omar's elephant defends, Fritzlein moves his camel west, replacing it with a cat on f7.
* '''11g:''' Omar's horse retreats empty-handed, but his camel advances undaunted, creating an immediate capture threat in f6. With a friendly rabbit on h6, the camel can neither be frozen in place nor taken hostage on h6. No matter how things work out for Fritzlein here, this shows how an early rabbit pull might backfire.
* '''11s:''' Fritzlein defends f6, and clears room in his back ranks to push Omar's camel to g7, where it could be kept frozen and thus held hostage. Fritzlein's camel inches toward Omar's western horse, stopping on d6. With Omar's elephant on e6, this does jeopardize Fritzlein's camel, but only if Omar abandons his own camel as well as a rabbit.
* '''12g:''' Omar's camel could pull a rabbit onto f7 or g7, leaving Fritzlein no square on which to hold the camel hostage. Unfortunately, either pull would use all four steps, leaving the a5 horse to be confronted by Fritzlein's camel and threatened in c6. Not prepared to defend that trap, Omar further retreats the horse. He also steps his camel onto f6, conceding the camel hostage but making it trickier for Fritzlein to set up.
* '''12s:''' Fritzlein takes the camel hostage, albeit in a temporarily very awkward position. Before leaving one's elephant on a trap square, one must double- and triple-check that it is safe; since this was a postal game, Fritzlein had plenty of time for that.&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fritzlein steps his camel west, no longer offering an immediate trade. With d6 empty, however, Omar's elephant can now flip Fritzlein's cat to e5.&lt;/p&gt;
* '''13g:''' Omar makes the flip, hoping to capture the cat and thus mitigate the hostage. Fritzlein likely cannot free his cat and also keep the camel hostage, as his elephant will now face capture if it finishes the turn on f6 without a piece on e7 or g7.
* '''13s:''' Fritzlein pushes the camel to g7; this freezes Fritzlein's horse on g6, but the horse couldn't have moved beforehand, as the elephant would have been lost. Stepping the d7 dog east may be a mistake, as this blocks a potential [[../Camel Hostage#Central hostage|central hostage]] should Omar's elephant move to f5. Furthermore, Fritzlein might want to have a dog in the west if he attacks c3.&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fritzlein could have stepped his camel and c8 rabbit east and pushed Omar's camel onto e7, where it would have then been blockaded; this would have amounted to a central hostage. A camel exchange would again be an option for Omar, but Fritzlein could have then retreated his cat and gotten a strong rabbit frame in f6.
* '''14g:''' Omar pushes the cat to f4. Due to the risk of a camel [[../Glossary#Fork|fork]], this move would have been untenable had Fritzlein left e7 clear. In that case, Omar could have simply pushed the cat south and moved his elephant back to e6; on e4, the cat would be frozen and threatened by a horse.
* '''14s:''' Fritzlein moves his elephant so that his eastern horse can advance.
* '''15g:''' Omar captures the cat. Omar would now like to [[../Glossary#Swarm|swarm]] f6 and [[../Camel_Hostage#Multi-piece_defense|rotate]] his elephant out of hostage defense. Fritzlein would like to create a second threat and overload Omar.
* '''15s:''' Fritzlein must move his eastern horse, which could otherwise be flipped to f4 and threatened with two-step capture. Fritzlein advances the horse to g3, pushing back Omar's dog. Fritzlein may be trying to prevent a swarm of f6, but his horse is now exposed to immediate capture if Omar is willing to give up his camel. The horse could have instead stepped to the h-file, allowing for an initial swarm but standing ready to reassert control of f6 once Omar's elephant rotated out. Meanwhile, Fritzlein's other horse could have advanced in the west, facing no danger as long as Omar's elephant defended f6.
* '''16g:''' Omar abandons his hostaged camel to capture Fritzlein's advanced horse. While a camel hostage-holder often does end up trading a horse for the camel, Fritzlein could have done better here, especially since there was also a chance to capture a rabbit if Omar's elephant couldn't quickly return to the f6 trap.
* '''16s:''' Fritzlein will capture the camel; the only question is where his elephant should finish. Since Omar can immediately defend f6, Fritzlein must not keep his elephant in a corner on account of a rabbit. Fritzlein chooses f5 over e6, perhaps wanting to protect the eastern flank.&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;Omar is now out a camel, but Fritzlein is out a horse and a cat. While this is [[../Relative Value of Pieces#Uneven Trades|close to even]], tit-for-tat play will now tend to favor Omar, especially if he can capture Fritzlein's remaining horse. With no enemy camel to threaten it, Fritzlein's horse is now stronger than either of Omar's horses. From here, Fritzlein should play to get ahead, not easily giving up any piece.&lt;/p&gt;
* '''17g:''' Eyeing an elephant-horse attack against f6, Omar moves his elephant to e6, blocking a direct path to g6 for Fritzlein's camel or horse.
* '''17s:''' Perhaps not understanding Omar's plan, Fritzlein moves both dogs further east. With an active enemy horse nearby, a dog is unlikely to hold g6. Furthermore, it is [[../Distribution of Force#Balance|often wasteful]] to have both dogs on the same wing. A dog in the west could have supported an attack on c3.
* '''18g:''' Omar advances his eastern horse and a dog behind it, preparing to take the g6 square. It would now be pointless for Fritzlein to flip the h6 rabbit into the trap, as the frame would immediately be broken.
* '''18s:''' Not confident about any western attack plan, Fritzlein moves his camel east, hoping to restore balance and perhaps take a new hostage. 
* '''19g:''' Omar proceeds with an elephant–horse attack on f6, advancing a dog to keep the horse mobile. Once again, the h6 rabbit complicates a potential hostage for Fritzlein.
* '''19s:''' Fritzlein's camel moves further east, to threaten Omar's horse and rabbit. With no eastern horse of his own, however, Fritzlein may not be able to secure a [[../Other Hostages#Horse-by-camel hostages|camel-held hostage]] which would allow his elephant to leave. 
* '''20g:''' Omar moves his elephant to f7, pushing Fritzlein's camel west and blocking the possible horse hostage.
* '''20s:''' Fritzlein moves his camel onto f6, setting the stage for an elephant smother if Omar's elephant remains on f7.
* '''21g:''' Omar retreats his horse, but his dog and rabbit are still at risk in f6. Omar could have instead pulled the camel north and pushed the cat east, centralizing his elephant and delaying any hostage by Fritzlein.   
* '''21s:''' Fritzlein now threatens Omar's dog as well as his rabbit. Moreover, an elephant–camel attack on f3 is now possible.
* '''22g:''' Omar pushes a dog and pulls a rabbit, but this accomplishes very little. Fritzlein can still capture Omar's dog if Omar's elephant leaves the f6 trap.
* '''22s:''' Fritzlein sets up an elephant smother, which could be completed on the next turn if Omar does not move his elephant west. However, Fritzlein should have added a defender to the c6 trap; it is easy to neglect one area while focused on another.
* '''23g:''' Omar's elephant escapes, and has a one-turn threat to Fritzlein's b6 horse. A horse capture could make up for a dog and rabbit loss in f6.
* '''23s:''' Fritzlein elects to save his one remaining horse, rather than trade it for a dog and rabbit. Since Omar has no camel, Fritzlein's horse can only be threatened by Omar's elephant, and Fritzlein sees the value in having two pieces which face only one threat. Had Fritzlein taken this trade, Omar's horses could have then dominated the board.
* '''24g:''' Omar centralizes his elephant and saves his f5 dog. This was the one and only move that could accomplish both of those things, just as 23g was the one and only move that could free Omar's elephant and counter Fritzlein's capture threats.
* '''24s:''' Fritzlein could simply capture the h6 rabbit, but would have to end the turn with his camel exposed. Fritzlein thus moves his elephant to f5 and pulls the rabbit to g6, setting up a solid rabbit frame even if Omar defends the trap. 
* '''25g:''' Omar once again defends f6 with his elephant. Anticipating a trap attack by Fritzlein, Omar defends f3 with four pieces. Omar also steps his western horse to the a-file, perhaps preparing to pull a rabbit. This would be far too slow, however, in light of Fritzlein's threat to f3. Omar could instead try to advance a horse through the middle and perhaps take c7 or f7. 
* '''25s:''' Fritzlein frames the rabbit and thus [[../Glossary#Pin|pins]] Omar's elephant to its defense. Fritzlein advances his camel and may soon attack f3, but must watch the squares around f6 if he wants to keep the frame. If Fritzlein were to advance more pieces and leave his goal line thin, Omar's rabbit might threaten goal if it could get off of f6.
* '''26g:''' Fearing a camel-held hostage beside f6, Omar moves his eastern horse and dog. However, having one's horse passive in a home corner is not much better than having it held hostage beside an [[../Glossary#Away trap|away trap]].
* '''26s:''' Fritzlein develops in the east. The g-file rabbit advances to support its camel, not to threaten goal, as Omar's defense is sufficiently thick at the moment.
* '''27g:''' Omar proceeds with the slow plan of pulling a rabbit. This is not a sufficient response to Fritzlein's eastern threat.
* '''27s:''' Fritzlein rotates a dog forward with the idea of freeing his elephant to attack f3. With the enemy camel gone and the friendly camel patrolling the east, the dog can take f5, and a rabbit can hold g6. The framed rabbit couldn't retreat to f5 in any case, but Fritzlein's dog will block Omar from relieving the frame.
* '''28g:''' Omar retreats his e-file cat and dog. However, this gives Fritzlein's elephant a clearer path to e3, from where it could lead an attack on the f3 trap. On e4, the dog was not necessarily in danger unless an enemy piece began a turn on an adjacent square.
* '''28s:''' Fritzlein attacks the f3 trap, replacing his elephant on f5. Intending to move his own elephant to e3, Fritzlein advances a rabbit to h4 so that his camel can retreat if Omar's elephant comes to f4.
* '''29g:''' Omar blockades f3, but such a defense cannot hold for long. Moreover, c3 is now undefended.
* '''29s:''' Fritzlein threatens Omar's dog in f3 and cat in c3. The cat could be saved easily, but this would use up a critical step.
* '''30g:''' In three steps, Omar creates phalanxes to protect the pinned f2 rabbit and thus save his framed dog. This leaves a step to defend c3 and thus save the cat also. 
* '''30s:''' The dog flip leaves Omar with only one way to defend f3. A horse flip would have likewise forced Omar's hand, but Fritzlein prefers to keep Omar's horse passive in the southeast.
* '''31g:''' Omar must move his elephant to f4 and thus give up his framed rabbit. Omar pushes Fritzlein's dog onto f5 rather than e4, so that it can't immediately join an attack on the c3 trap.
* '''31s:''' As Fritzlein planned on 28s, his h4 rabbit allows his camel to retreat. This may be the difference between the camel being taken hostage and the camel holding a hostage. 
* '''32g:''' Fearing a cat fork, Omar moves his cat west. Fearing an elephant-horse attack on c3, Omar blocks Fritzlein's horse on the b-file. Fritzlein might move his horse through the trap, however, if his elephant goes to d3.
* '''32s:''' Fritzlein creates an immediate dog-capture threat, while also putting distance between his camel and Omar's elephant.
* '''33g:''' Omar defends f6 and shores up the southeast against any possible goal attack. If Fritzlein's camel again went south to attack f3, Omar's dog could become a strong attacker at f6. 
* '''33s:''' Fritzlein threatens to frame Omar's dog in f6; this frame would likely force Omar to give up the dog, as Fritzlein's elephant could otherwise dominate the board.
* '''34g:''' Omar blocks the frame/capture and retreats his western horse out of immediate danger. Fritzlein's h4 rabbit again keeps his camel mobile.
* '''34s:''' In a mostly defensive move, Fritzlein's camel pushes Omar's dog up to the edge. A buried dog-by-camel hostage is not efficient, but Fritzlein's camel is out of danger, and Omar's dog is stuck in the corner. With no camel of his own, Omar might gain little advantage from this alignment.
* '''35g:''' Omar threatens a rabbit in f3, keeping his elephant on the g-file so that his horse can immediately return to g3 if pulled to g4. The dog step east might seem counter-intuitive, as it appears to leave the dog and the c3 trap more vulnerable. Had the dog stayed on d2, however, it could have been pushed to d3 and been unable to retreat.
* '''35s:''' Fritzlein defends f3, and begins to clear space for a dog capture in f6. Advancing a rabbit from f7 may not be wise, however, as this thins his back ranks and exposes yet another rabbit to possible capture in f3. Fritzlein could have instead advanced his horse; an elephant-horse attack on c3 might have outpaced any eastern progress by Omar.
* '''36g:''' Omar frames the rabbit and thus pins Fritzlein's elephant on e3. It is rarely worthwhile for an elephant to defend a mere rabbit; Fritzlein must soon either give up the rabbit or advance more pieces to the southeast and create a new threat there.
* '''36s:''' Fritzlein advances his cat, moving toward a possible swarm of f3. With the cat out of the way, Fritzlein pushes Omar's dog a square closer to f6.
* '''37g:''' Omar blocks the cat and rotates forward his horse, threatening an attack on f6.
* '''37s:''' Fritzlein finally establishes a one-turn threat to the dog. He also blocks g5 and thus g6. With rabbits now on g5 and h5, however, Fritzlein may face additional losses in f3 if his elephant is forced to leave.
* '''38g:''' Omar's eastern horse clears a path to g6.
* '''38s:''' Fritzlein again blockades g5, but Omar can continue to undermine that blockade and perhaps threaten more rabbits in f3. Fritzlein also moves his own horse from b6 to d6, perhaps hoping to advance it through the center. This leaves a hole in the northwest, however.
* '''39g:''' Omar steps his western horse toward the now vulnerable c6 trap; the horse could advance further, but must be careful about which square it ends on, as Fritzlein might be happy to give up his framed rabbit if he could create a second threat that would force the capture of a horse or dog. A cat advances to defend c3 and prevent a rabbit exchange. Rabbits advance in the east, to block enemy advances.
* '''39s:''' Fritzlein advances his horse on the d-file, aiming to either attack c3 or dig his rabbit out of f3. The horse takes only three steps, as it cannot be frozen on d3 but could be frozen on d2.
* '''40g:''' Omar can now move his elephant west without conceding an outright dog loss; if Fritzlein were to immediately capture the f8 dog, Omar's elephant could then capture the d3 horse even from d5 or d6. Omar moves his elephant to d4, perhaps intending to follow the horse.
* '''40s:''' Fritzlein gets his horse onto Omar's home rank, pulling a dog so that Omar can't immediately pull up and threaten the horse.
* '''41g:''' Omar now attacks c6, as he could have essentially done a turn sooner. Omar clearly did not believe that such an attack would win a race, but a turn later he is now going for it.
* '''41s:''' Fritzlein snatches the dog and thus also activates his camel. He could have instead strengthened his western position by pushing the d2 dog east and the c2 rabbit south. Another option was to try to dig out the f3 rabbit, which might have beaten Omar's c-file rabbit to goal.
* '''42g:''' Omar captures a rabbit and advances his rabbit one step, setting up a goal on the c-file. Fritzlein is very weak in the west, and would only lose more pieces if he tried to block the goal on the back ranks.
* '''42s:''' Now facing a goal threat he cannot outrace, Fritzlein is forced to defend with his elephant, giving up the f3 rabbit and thus a potential goal threat of his own. Note that Fritzlein quickly lost two rabbits after capturing the dog.
* '''43g:''' With the c-file blocked, Omar must clear a goal path through a different file. If Fritzlein takes the advanced horse hostage on a6 and moves a dog onto c7, Omar will have no viable goal path, and Fritzlein will have a large advantage in free pieces. Attempting to block a horse hostage, Omar pulls a rabbit onto b6. Omar also defends the c3 trap, though in doing so he moves his c-file rabbit to the d-file, farther from the likeliest goal paths.
* '''43s:''' Fritzlein places a dog on c7, blocking a potential c-file goal even if his elephant goes to b6. He also inches his camel forward in the east; it is currently safe on f6, since the g5 cat can't be pushed east.
* '''44g:''' Omar retreats his horse and threatens a rabbit. However, Fritzlein's horse can defend c3 from behind, and Omar has given the rabbit free steps toward his own vulnerable goal line. Omar's horse could have instead pushed the dog off of c7, or better yet gone to c7 on the previous turn with steps to spare. This would have made it harder for Fritzlein to block a goal, if Omar could advance a rabbit in the west.
* '''44s:''' Fritzlein takes c2 and eyes d3, blocking Omar's elephant from that square. With his elephant on the d-file, however, Fritzlein could be vulnerable to a western goal attack.
* '''45g:''' Omar advances a rabbit and adds a defender to c3. With Fritzlein's dog on c7, the rabbit likely cannot reach goal without support from a horse. Omar's recent horse retreat may thus end up wasting multiple turns.
* '''45s:''' Unconcerned about Omar's c-file rabbit advancing further, Fritzlein uses all four steps to slide his camel onto g5, setting the stage for an eastern threat. Well-supported by rabbits, the camel will likely remain mobile even if Omar's elephant moves east. 
* '''46g:''' Trying to stay ahead of a potential threat in the east or southwest, Omar advances his rabbit and dog in the west.
* '''46s:''' Fritzlein threatens Omar's eastern horse in f6. Fritzlein's elephant steps west, so that the rabbit frame can only be relieved from the side or from behind.
* '''47g:''' Omar's western horse relieves the frame, creating a two-turn goal threat. This will again force Fritzlein to prioritize defense.
* '''47s:''' There will not be a long-term horse hostage in the west, but by taking b6, Fritzlein limits the c6 rabbit's movement. It might have been better to push the horse onto a6, where it wouldn't have been right next to the c7 dog. The upside to pushing the horse onto b7 is that this will prevent Omar's elephant from pushing Fritzlein's dog west, which would open a c-file goal path.
* '''48g:''' Omar slides his dog, elephant, and rabbit, defending f6 and creating a one-turn goal threat on the d-file. The dog advance leaves Omar's b3 cat at risk in c3, though Fritzlein does not have time to capture it yet.
* '''48s:''' Fritzlein stops the d-file goal. He also advances a rabbit, gaining space on the f-file.
* '''49g:''' Omar moves his c5 dog south and pulls the c7 dog west, defending both western traps and reopening a possible c-file goal path. 
* '''49s:''' In advancing his dog through c6, Fritzlein asserts control of that trap, threatening Omar's b6 horse and d5 rabbit.
* '''50g:''' Omar could avoid an immediate material loss, but might soon be overloaded. Perhaps fearing a southwestern attack, Omar freezes and threatens Fritzlein's advanced horse, setting up a possible capture race. Such a race would likely allow Omar to stay ahead in quantity of pieces.
* '''50s:''' Fritzlein accepts the horse trade, as defending c3 would have meant losing a dog. At this point, a horse trade is not a bad deal for Fritzlein, who will now have a camel and two dogs to Omar's one horse and one dog. Omar's remaining horse faces potential capture in f6, though Fritzlein's own rabbit currently blocks this.
* '''51g:''' In making the horse capture, Omar steps his elephant north to threaten Fritzlein's dog. The last dog step east momentarily activates the horse, but will not save it. Omar could have instead stepped the d5 rabbit east so that his horse could not then be frozen on f5. However, he likely did not want to leave his dog on d4, as this would have blocked a flip-capture of the c5 dog on the next turn; Omar wants to keep his elephant in position for a western goal attack. Omar might have done better to step his dog south, clearing the path for a possible capture in f3 and thus forcing Fritzlein to be more careful with his camel.
* '''51s:''' Fritzlein could save his dog and rabbit in the west, but could then lose a rabbit in the east, in which case he would also lose the chance to capture the horse. Fritzlein thus goes for the horse capture.
* '''52g:''' Omar flip-captures the dog, keeping his elephant positioned for a western attack.
* '''52s:''' Fritzlein first captures the rabbit, which might have otherwise threatened goal. Omar's horse cannot be rescued on the next turn, so Fritzlein loses nothing by capturing the rabbit first. Now on c5, Fritzlein's elephant can defend his depleted west wing.
* '''53g:''' Omar's b3 cat captures to c2, clearing the b-file for a rabbit advance and perhaps strengthening Omar's home defense. Omar could have instead flip-captured the rabbit and then advanced a rabbit through the a-file, keeping his cat positioned to support a western goal attack.
* '''53s:''' Fritzlein completes the exchange and moves his elephant to d4, keeping Omar's dog in the east.
* '''54g:''' Omar threatens goal in the thinly defended west, and moves his cat back to the b-file.
* '''54s:''' Fritzlein blocks the goal and also temporarily blocks Omar's elephant from d6.
* '''55g:''' If he can push Fritzlein's dog onto e6, Omar may have a strong western goal threat.
* '''55s:''' Fritzlein brings his cat to e6, blockading e5 and ensuring that his dog could block a western goal. He does not move the dog on the fourth step, as that would allow for a capture in c6. Fritzlein's eastern goal defense is becoming thin, but his elephant and camel are well-positioned.
* '''56g:''' Blocked from the east and south, Omar's elephant steps north. Omar advances his d1 rabbit to d3, to defend c3 and also block a central goal.
* '''56s:''' Fritzlein unfreezes and advances his dog, blocking Omar's goal path and threatening an attack on c3.
* '''57g:''' Omar moves his elephant east to face Fritzlein's camel. At this point, however, piece [[../Distribution of Force#Alignment|alignment]] is of secondary importance. Fritzlein is poised for a western attack which Omar could not immediately match in the east.
* '''57s:''' Alert to the risks in both f6 and f3, Fritzlein moves his camel east. His elephant takes d3, again keeping Omar's dog in the east. Fritzlein is now well-balanced, with his dog and camel active on opposite wings and his elephant in the middle. Omar is poorly balanced, and must quickly defend in the west.
* '''58g:''' Omar temporarily defends c3, but leaves it vulnerable.
* '''58s:''' Fritzlein could now move his dog through c3, but doesn't want to lose material in f6 or allow Omar's b-file rabbit to advance further. Fritzlein thus pushes that rabbit west, and defends f6 from behind. Omar is running out of threats.
* '''59g:''' Omar advances his c-file rabbit, but moves his elephant further east, with the idea that he could capture Fritzlein's camel if Fritzlein were to immediately capture the rabbit. After such an exchange, however, Fritzlein could advance his e5 rabbit onto c3, creating a strong goal threat. In the endgame, a rabbit-for-camel exchange does not always favor the side capturing a camel.
* '''59s:''' Fritzlein defends and further advances his camel. Omar could take it hostage, but that would mean having his elephant in the southeastern corner while Fritzlein threatens goal in the west and center. Fritzlein's more centralized elephant could eventually join a goal attack, as there is no harm in losing a camel if one wins the game.
* '''60g:''' Declining the hostage, Omar moves his elephant west. Omar technically could have created a one-turn goal threat, but the rabbit would have then been lost immediately in c6. If not for Fritzlein's rabbit advance to e4, Omar would have had an additional step which could have created a stronger one-turn goal threat. Despite Fritzlein's positional advantage, this game could turn on a single step.
* '''60s to end:''' Omar is forced to block Fritzlein's h-file rabbit, and then block Fritzlein's camel from making a pull. This soon forces Omar's elephant to the goal line. Had Fritzlein miscalculated or just not noticed the one-turn goal threat after 66g, Omar could still have won. However, Fritzlein's position allowed him to defend goal and still keep his strong pieces on offense.
&lt;hr/&gt;
After this game concluded in June 2005, Fritzlein opined that the advantage had swung back and forth, and that Omar bungled a very strong position on 40g. By later bot analysis, however, Fritzlein held a continuous advantage after 21g. Defensively minded, Fritzlein often failed to see his own attacking potential. Nevertheless, he was the top player at the time, also winning the 2005 Arimaa World Championship.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>halz6sd1tm3o2spg3crq4k7zonx1rre</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088442</id>
      <parentid>4088434</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:28:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Belteshazzar</username>
        <id>333751</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31975" xml:space="preserve">Played over four months, this game ultimately gave Fritzlein a perfect 10-0 record in the 2005 Arimaa Postal Championship. Had Omar won this game, he and Fritzlein would have tied for first with a 9–1 record. With the ultra-slow time controls, a postal game allows one to work through many different sequences before deciding on a move.

{{arimaa/game|15552|Game}}
* '''1g:''' Omar uses a variation of the [[../Setup#Symmetric setups|99of9 setup]], placing dogs behind his traps. Since a dog cannot be pushed aside by an enemy dog, this alignment limits the ways in which a trap can be attacked. A dog might later advance through a trap and be replaced by a rabbit or cat.
* '''1s:''' Fritzlein chooses the classic 99of9 setup, with cats behind the traps. This initially leaves his home traps somewhat more vulnerable than Omar's, as a cat could be displaced by an enemy dog. However, &quot;cats behind the traps, dogs back and center&quot; affords more flexibility overall.
* '''2g:''' Omar aggressively advances his elephant four squares, threatening to capture a cat or flip the camel.
* '''2s:''' If Fritzlein were to now advance his own elephant four squares, he would concede a cat but also threaten a dog. Any such capture would use all four steps and create further threats, so this could begin a [[../Race Positions|race]] with an unclear outcome; Fritzlein would initially capture a dog for a cat, but Omar might still have a first-move advantage. Declining such a race, Fritzlein defends both home traps and shields his camel.
* '''3g:''' Due to the risk of an elephant [[../Glossary#Blockade|smother]], Omar does not advance his elephant further. It would make sense to keep the elephant on e6 only if Omar were planning to quickly advance another piece, which would then be protected from capture in f6 but might still be taken hostage. Not ready to begin a multi-piece attack, Omar steps his elephant back a square, and uses his other three steps to develop at home. Omar could have saved time by advancing his elephant only two or three squares on 2g, while also stepping one or both of his horses forward on that turn.
* '''3s:''' Fritzlein advances his elephant, stepping it east to face Omar's camel. Fritzlein's western horse defends the c6 trap, blocking Omar's horse from b6.
* '''4g:''' Omar drags Fritzlein's eastern horse towards the f3 trap. Fritzlein can easily prevent a capture, but Omar hopes to build a strategic advantage by putting Fritzlein on defense.
* '''4s:''' Fritzlein decides to free his horse before it can be taken hostage. Fritzlein uses his elephant to unfreeze the horse; he could have advanced the h7 rabbit to h5 and unfrozen the horse that way, but the rabbit would have then been [[../Rabbit Advancement#Exposed to capture|exposed]]. Another option was to step the g7 cat forward, but Fritzlein preferred to return his horse to g6, which could not have immediately happened had the cat been on that square.
* '''5g:''' Omar moves his horse away from Fritzlein's elephant. So far the opening has been defensive, with non-elephant pieces retreating from threats.
* '''5s:''' Fritzlein further decentralizes his elephant to pull a rabbit on the h-file. Later Arimaa theory would [[../Distribution_of_Force#Centralisation|frown on this]], but in a defensive game it may have seemed logical, as a rabbit cannot retreat homeward. Fritzlein could have instead used his elephant to push Omar's e3 horse to d3, thus placing both of Omar's horses in the west, where Fritzlein's camel could have then gone to face them. With no horse in the east, Omar could have been [[../Attacking/Attacks Against a Camel Trap|vulnerable]] there also, and Fritzlein might have gotten strong threats on both wings. Not keen on early trap attacks, Fritzlein prefers the short-term rabbit capture threat.
* '''6g:''' Omar moves his elephant west to make a bigger threat. Fritzlein can hardly continue hunting an eastern rabbit when his western horse and potentially the c6 trap are in jeopardy.
* '''6s:''' Rather than moving his western horse and thus immediately opening up b6, Fritzlein centralizes his elephant and threatens to flip Omar's e3 horse.
* '''7g:''' To centralize his own elephant, Omar pulls the b6 horse twice rather than flipping it. Omar could have pulled the horse to b4 where it would have been harder to rescue, but prefers to have his elephant as centralized as possible, so as to limit Fritzlein's progress in the east.
* '''7s:''' Fritzlein gets his horse to safety. Continued pull-and-retreat play would slightly favor Fritzlein, since Omar has a rabbit exposed on h4.
* '''8g:''' In a somewhat more aggressive move, Omar advances a horse to a6; note that the horse advanced on the wing away from the enemy camel. This horse may pull a rabbit, but also threatens to take b6 in a potential trap attack. However, an elephant-horse attack usually requires support from other pieces, and Omar is poorly developed in the west; the c3 trap is even vulnerable to a counterattack. Omar might have done better to first move his other horse back to g3 and his camel to the middle, for flexibility.
* '''8s:''' Fritzlein does not immediately go after Omar's advanced horse, as a solid [[../Other Hostages|horse hostage]] can be tricky to set up. Fritzlein instead drags the h4 rabbit further forward, seeing that as a first threat which might in turn allow for an effective western threat.
* '''9g:''' Omar could use his horse to pull out Fritzlein's a8 rabbit, but a rabbit-pulling race would not favor Omar at this point. An attack on c6 would be too slow, allowing Fritzlein to capture the rabbit and perhaps even counterattack while still defending c6. Omar thus advances his camel in the east, perhaps intending to use his pulled rabbit to his advantage. An advanced camel is often at risk of being taken hostage, but a supporting flank piece can make this less likely. Increasingly vulnerable in the west, Omar advances a cat to help defend c3; this would not delay an attack for very long, but may give Omar time to attack first.
* '''9s:''' Fritzlein moves his elephant east to face Omar's camel. Whatever else is going on, an elephant must keep a constant eye on the enemy camel. Fritzlein also drags the rabbit to h6, now threatening it with one-turn capture.
* '''10g:''' Omar defends f6, placing his elephant on [[../Attacking/Positioning#Positioning the elephant|e6 rather than f5]]. In advancing his camel and dog, Omar moves toward a multi-piece attack on f6. 
* '''10s:''' Unable to capture anything in f6 as long as Omar's elephant defends, Fritzlein moves his camel west, replacing it with a cat on f7.
* '''11g:''' Omar's horse retreats empty-handed, but his camel advances undaunted, creating an immediate capture threat in f6. With a friendly rabbit on h6, the camel can neither be frozen in place nor taken hostage on h6. No matter how things work out for Fritzlein here, this shows how an early rabbit pull might backfire.
* '''11s:''' Fritzlein defends f6, and clears room in his back ranks to push Omar's camel to g7, where it could be kept frozen and thus held hostage. Fritzlein's camel inches toward Omar's western horse, stopping on d6. With Omar's elephant on e6, this does jeopardize Fritzlein's camel, but only if Omar abandons his own camel as well as a rabbit.
* '''12g:''' Omar's camel could pull a rabbit onto f7 or g7, leaving Fritzlein no square on which to hold the camel hostage. Unfortunately, either pull would use all four steps, leaving the a5 horse to be confronted by Fritzlein's camel and threatened in c6. Not prepared to defend that trap, Omar further retreats the horse. He also steps his camel onto f6, conceding the camel hostage but making it trickier for Fritzlein to set up.
* '''12s:''' Fritzlein takes the camel hostage, albeit in a temporarily very awkward position. Before leaving one's elephant on a trap square, one must double- and triple-check that it is safe; since this was a postal game, Fritzlein had plenty of time for that.&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fritzlein steps his camel west, no longer offering an immediate trade. With d6 empty, however, Omar's elephant can now flip Fritzlein's cat to e5.&lt;/p&gt;
* '''13g:''' Omar makes the flip, hoping to capture the cat and thus mitigate the hostage. Fritzlein likely cannot free his cat and also keep the camel hostage, as his elephant will now face capture if it finishes the turn on f6 without a piece on e7 or g7.
* '''13s:''' Fritzlein pushes the camel to g7; this freezes Fritzlein's horse on g6, but the horse couldn't have moved beforehand, as the elephant would have been lost. Stepping the d7 dog east may be a mistake, as this blocks a potential [[../Camel Hostage#Central hostage|central hostage]] should Omar's elephant move to f5. Furthermore, Fritzlein might want to have a dog in the west if he attacks c3.&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fritzlein could have stepped his camel and c8 rabbit east and pushed Omar's camel onto e7, where it would have then been blockaded; this would have amounted to a central hostage. A camel exchange would again be an option for Omar, but Fritzlein could have then retreated his cat and gotten a strong rabbit frame in f6.
* '''14g:''' Omar pushes the cat to f4. Due to the risk of a camel [[../Glossary#Fork|fork]], this move would have been untenable had Fritzlein left e7 clear. In that case, Omar could have simply pushed the cat south and moved his elephant back to e6; on e4, the cat would be frozen and threatened by a horse.
* '''14s:''' Fritzlein moves his elephant so that his eastern horse can advance.
* '''15g:''' Omar captures the cat. Omar would now like to [[../Glossary#Swarm|swarm]] f6 and [[../Camel_Hostage#Multi-piece_defense|rotate]] his elephant out of hostage defense. Fritzlein would like to create a second threat and overload Omar.
* '''15s:''' Fritzlein must move his eastern horse, which could otherwise be flipped to f4 and threatened with two-step capture. Fritzlein advances the horse to g3, pushing back Omar's dog. Fritzlein may be trying to prevent a swarm of f6, but his horse is now exposed to immediate capture if Omar is willing to give up his camel. The horse could have instead stepped to the h-file, allowing for an initial swarm but standing ready to reassert control of f6 once Omar's elephant rotated out. Meanwhile, Fritzlein's other horse could have advanced in the west, facing no danger as long as Omar's elephant defended f6.
* '''16g:''' Omar abandons his hostaged camel to capture Fritzlein's advanced horse. While a camel hostage-holder often does end up trading a horse for the camel, Fritzlein could have done better here, especially since there was also a chance to capture a rabbit if Omar's elephant couldn't quickly return to the f6 trap.
* '''16s:''' Fritzlein will capture the camel; the only question is where his elephant should finish. Since Omar can immediately defend f6, Fritzlein must not keep his elephant in a corner on account of a rabbit. Fritzlein chooses f5 over e6, perhaps wanting to protect the eastern flank.&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;Omar is now out a camel, but Fritzlein is out a horse and a cat. While this is [[../Relative Value of Pieces#Uneven Trades|close to even]], tit-for-tat play will now tend to favor Omar, especially if he can capture Fritzlein's remaining horse. With no enemy camel to threaten it, Fritzlein's horse is now stronger than either of Omar's horses. From here, Fritzlein should play to get ahead, not easily giving up any piece.&lt;/p&gt;
* '''17g:''' Eyeing an elephant-horse attack against f6, Omar moves his elephant to e6, blocking a direct path to g6 for Fritzlein's camel or horse.
* '''17s:''' Perhaps not understanding Omar's plan, Fritzlein moves both dogs further east. With an active enemy horse nearby, a dog is unlikely to hold g6. Furthermore, it is [[../Distribution of Force#Balance|often wasteful]] to have both dogs on the same wing. A dog in the west could have supported an attack on c3.
* '''18g:''' Omar advances his eastern horse and a dog behind it, preparing to take the g6 square. It would now be pointless for Fritzlein to flip the h6 rabbit into the trap, as the frame would immediately be broken.
* '''18s:''' Not confident about any western attack plan, Fritzlein moves his camel east, hoping to restore balance and perhaps take a new hostage. 
* '''19g:''' Omar proceeds with an elephant–horse attack on f6, advancing a dog to keep the horse mobile. Once again, the h6 rabbit complicates a potential hostage for Fritzlein.
* '''19s:''' Fritzlein's camel moves further east, to threaten Omar's horse and rabbit. With no eastern horse of his own, however, Fritzlein may not be able to secure a [[../Other Hostages#Horse-by-camel hostages|camel-held hostage]] which would allow his elephant to leave. 
* '''20g:''' Omar moves his elephant to f7, pushing Fritzlein's camel west and blocking the possible horse hostage.
* '''20s:''' Fritzlein moves his camel onto f6, setting the stage for an elephant smother if Omar's elephant remains on f7.
* '''21g:''' Omar retreats his horse, but his dog and rabbit are still at risk in f6. Omar could have instead pulled the camel north and pushed the cat east, centralizing his elephant and delaying any hostage by Fritzlein.   
* '''21s:''' Fritzlein now threatens Omar's dog as well as his rabbit. Moreover, an elephant–camel attack on f3 is now possible.
* '''22g:''' Omar pushes a dog and pulls a rabbit, but this accomplishes very little. Fritzlein can still capture Omar's dog if Omar's elephant leaves the f6 trap.
* '''22s:''' Fritzlein sets up an elephant smother, which could be completed on the next turn if Omar does not move his elephant west. However, Fritzlein should have added a defender to the c6 trap; it is easy to neglect one area while focused on another.
* '''23g:''' Omar's elephant escapes, and has a one-turn threat to Fritzlein's b6 horse. A horse capture could make up for a dog and rabbit loss in f6.
* '''23s:''' Fritzlein elects to save his one remaining horse, rather than trade it for a dog and rabbit. Since Omar has no camel, Fritzlein's horse can only be threatened by Omar's elephant, and Fritzlein sees the value in having two pieces which face only one threat. Had Fritzlein taken this trade, Omar's horses could have then dominated the board.
* '''24g:''' Omar centralizes his elephant and saves his f5 dog. This was the one and only move that could accomplish both of those things, just as 23g was the one and only move that could free Omar's elephant and counter Fritzlein's capture threats.
* '''24s:''' Fritzlein could simply capture the h6 rabbit, but would have to end the turn with his camel exposed. Fritzlein thus moves his elephant to f5 and pulls the rabbit to g6, setting up a solid rabbit frame even if Omar defends the trap. 
* '''25g:''' Omar once again defends f6 with his elephant. Anticipating a trap attack by Fritzlein, Omar defends f3 with four pieces. Omar also steps his western horse to the a-file, perhaps preparing to pull a rabbit. This would be far too slow, however, in light of Fritzlein's threat to f3. Omar could instead try to advance a horse through the middle and perhaps take c7 or f7. 
* '''25s:''' Fritzlein frames the rabbit and thus [[../Glossary#Pin|pins]] Omar's elephant to its defense. Fritzlein advances his camel and may soon attack f3, but must watch the squares around f6 if he wants to keep the frame. If Fritzlein were to advance more pieces and leave his goal line thin, Omar's rabbit might threaten goal if it could get off of f6.
* '''26g:''' Fearing a camel-held hostage beside f6, Omar moves his eastern horse and dog. However, having one's horse passive in a home corner is not much better than having it held hostage beside an [[../Glossary#Away trap|away trap]].
* '''26s:''' Fritzlein develops in the east. The g-file rabbit advances to support its camel, not to threaten goal, as Omar's defense is sufficiently thick at the moment.
* '''27g:''' Omar proceeds with the slow plan of pulling a rabbit. This is not a sufficient response to Fritzlein's eastern threat.
* '''27s:''' Fritzlein rotates a dog forward with the idea of freeing his elephant to attack f3. With the enemy camel gone and the friendly camel patrolling the east, the dog can take f5, and a rabbit can hold g6. The framed rabbit couldn't retreat to f5 in any case, but Fritzlein's dog will block Omar from relieving the frame.
* '''28g:''' Omar retreats his e-file cat and dog. However, this gives Fritzlein's elephant a clearer path to e3, from where it could lead an attack on the f3 trap. On e4, the dog was not necessarily in danger unless an enemy piece began a turn on an adjacent square.
* '''28s:''' Fritzlein attacks the f3 trap, replacing his elephant on f5. Intending to move his own elephant to e3, Fritzlein advances a rabbit to h4 so that his camel can retreat if Omar's elephant comes to f4.
* '''29g:''' Omar blockades f3, but such a defense cannot hold for long. Moreover, c3 is now undefended.
* '''29s:''' Fritzlein threatens Omar's dog in f3 and cat in c3. The cat could be saved easily, but this would use up a critical step.
* '''30g:''' In three steps, Omar creates phalanxes to protect the pinned f2 rabbit and thus save his framed dog. This leaves a step to defend c3 and thus save the cat also. 
* '''30s:''' The dog flip leaves Omar with only one way to defend f3. A horse flip would have likewise forced Omar's hand, but Fritzlein prefers to keep Omar's horse passive in the southeast.
* '''31g:''' Omar must move his elephant to f4 and thus give up his framed rabbit. Omar pushes Fritzlein's dog onto f5 rather than e4, so that it can't immediately join an attack on the c3 trap.
* '''31s:''' As Fritzlein planned on 28s, his h4 rabbit allows his camel to retreat. This may be the difference between the camel being taken hostage and the camel holding a hostage. 
* '''32g:''' Fearing a cat fork, Omar moves his cat west. Fearing an elephant-horse attack on c3, Omar blocks Fritzlein's horse on the b-file. Fritzlein might move his horse through the trap, however, if his elephant goes to d3.
* '''32s:''' Fritzlein creates an immediate dog-capture threat, while also putting distance between his camel and Omar's elephant.
* '''33g:''' Omar defends f6 and shores up the southeast against any possible goal attack. If Fritzlein's camel again went south to attack f3, Omar's dog could become a strong attacker at f6. 
* '''33s:''' Fritzlein threatens to frame Omar's dog in f6; this frame would likely force Omar to give up the dog, as Fritzlein's elephant could otherwise dominate the board.
* '''34g:''' Omar blocks the frame/capture and retreats his western horse out of immediate danger. Fritzlein's h4 rabbit again keeps his camel mobile.
* '''34s:''' In a mostly defensive move, Fritzlein's camel pushes Omar's dog up to the edge. A buried dog-by-camel hostage is not efficient, but Fritzlein's camel is out of danger, and Omar's dog is stuck in the corner. With no camel of his own, Omar might gain little advantage from this alignment.
* '''35g:''' Omar threatens a rabbit in f3, keeping his elephant on the g-file so that his horse can immediately return to g3 if pulled to g4. The dog step east might seem counter-intuitive, as it appears to leave the dog and the c3 trap more vulnerable. Had the dog stayed on d2, however, it could have been pushed to d3 and been unable to retreat.
* '''35s:''' Fritzlein defends f3, and begins to clear space for a dog capture in f6. Advancing a rabbit from f7 may not be wise, however, as this thins his back ranks and exposes yet another rabbit to possible capture in f3. Fritzlein could have instead advanced his horse; an elephant-horse attack on c3 might have outpaced any eastern progress by Omar.
* '''36g:''' Omar frames the rabbit and thus pins Fritzlein's elephant on e3. It is rarely worthwhile for an elephant to defend a mere rabbit; Fritzlein must soon either give up the rabbit or advance more pieces to the southeast and create a new threat there.
* '''36s:''' Fritzlein advances his cat, moving toward a possible swarm of f3. With the cat out of the way, Fritzlein pushes Omar's dog a square closer to f6.
* '''37g:''' Omar blocks the cat and rotates forward his horse, threatening an attack on f6.
* '''37s:''' Fritzlein finally establishes a one-turn threat to the dog. He also blocks g5 and thus g6. With rabbits now on g5 and h5, however, Fritzlein may face additional losses in f3 if his elephant is forced to leave.
* '''38g:''' Omar's eastern horse clears a path to g6.
* '''38s:''' Fritzlein again blockades g5, but Omar can continue to undermine that blockade and perhaps threaten more rabbits in f3. Fritzlein also moves his own horse from b6 to d6, perhaps hoping to advance it through the center. This leaves a hole in the northwest, however.
* '''39g:''' Omar steps his western horse toward the now vulnerable c6 trap; the horse could advance further, but must be careful about which square it ends on, as Fritzlein might be happy to give up his framed rabbit if he could create a second threat that would force the capture of a horse or dog. A cat advances to defend c3 and prevent a rabbit exchange. Rabbits advance in the east, to block enemy advances.
* '''39s:''' Fritzlein advances his horse on the d-file, aiming to either attack c3 or dig his rabbit out of f3. The horse takes only three steps, as it cannot be frozen on d3 but could be frozen on d2.
* '''40g:''' Omar can now move his elephant west without conceding an outright dog loss; if Fritzlein were to immediately capture the f8 dog, Omar's elephant could then capture the d3 horse even from d5 or d6. Omar moves his elephant to d4, perhaps intending to follow the horse.
* '''40s:''' Fritzlein gets his horse onto Omar's home rank, pulling a dog so that Omar can't immediately pull up the horse.
* '''41g:''' Omar now attacks c6, as he could have essentially done a turn sooner. Omar clearly did not believe that such an attack would win a race, but a turn later he is now going for it.
* '''41s:''' Fritzlein snatches the dog and thus also activates his camel. He could have instead strengthened his western position by pushing the d2 dog east and the c2 rabbit south. Another option was to try to dig out the f3 rabbit, which might have beaten Omar's c-file rabbit to goal.
* '''42g:''' Omar captures a rabbit and advances his rabbit one step, setting up a goal on the c-file. Fritzlein is very weak in the west, and would only lose more pieces if he tried to block the goal on the back ranks.
* '''42s:''' Now facing a goal threat he cannot outrace, Fritzlein is forced to defend with his elephant, giving up the f3 rabbit and thus a potential goal threat of his own. Note that Fritzlein quickly lost two rabbits after capturing the dog.
* '''43g:''' With the c-file blocked, Omar must clear a goal path through a different file. If Fritzlein takes the advanced horse hostage on a6 and moves a dog onto c7, Omar will have no viable goal path, and Fritzlein will have a large advantage in free pieces. Attempting to block a horse hostage, Omar pulls a rabbit onto b6. Omar also defends the c3 trap, though in doing so he moves his c-file rabbit to the d-file, farther from the likeliest goal paths.
* '''43s:''' Fritzlein places a dog on c7, blocking a potential c-file goal even if his elephant goes to b6. He also inches his camel forward in the east; it is currently safe on f6, since the g5 cat can't be pushed east.
* '''44g:''' Omar retreats his horse and threatens a rabbit. However, Fritzlein's horse can defend c3 from behind, and Omar has given the rabbit free steps toward his own vulnerable goal line. Omar's horse could have instead pushed the dog off of c7, or better yet gone to c7 on the previous turn with steps to spare. This would have made it harder for Fritzlein to block a goal, if Omar could advance a rabbit in the west.
* '''44s:''' Fritzlein takes c2 and eyes d3, blocking Omar's elephant from that square. With his elephant on the d-file, however, Fritzlein could be vulnerable to a western goal attack.
* '''45g:''' Omar advances a rabbit and adds a defender to c3. With Fritzlein's dog on c7, the rabbit likely cannot reach goal without support from a horse. Omar's recent horse retreat may thus end up wasting multiple turns.
* '''45s:''' Unconcerned about Omar's c-file rabbit advancing further, Fritzlein uses all four steps to slide his camel onto g5, setting the stage for an eastern threat. Well-supported by rabbits, the camel will likely remain mobile even if Omar's elephant moves east. 
* '''46g:''' Trying to stay ahead of a potential threat in the east or southwest, Omar advances his rabbit and dog in the west.
* '''46s:''' Fritzlein threatens Omar's eastern horse in f6. Fritzlein's elephant steps west, so that the rabbit frame can only be relieved from the side or from behind.
* '''47g:''' Omar's western horse relieves the frame, creating a two-turn goal threat. This will again force Fritzlein to prioritize defense.
* '''47s:''' There will not be a long-term horse hostage in the west, but by taking b6, Fritzlein limits the c6 rabbit's movement. It might have been better to push the horse onto a6, where it wouldn't have been right next to the c7 dog. The upside to pushing the horse onto b7 is that this will prevent Omar's elephant from pushing Fritzlein's dog west, which would open a c-file goal path.
* '''48g:''' Omar slides his dog, elephant, and rabbit, defending f6 and creating a one-turn goal threat on the d-file. The dog advance leaves Omar's b3 cat at risk in c3, though Fritzlein does not have time to capture it yet.
* '''48s:''' Fritzlein stops the d-file goal. He also advances a rabbit, gaining space on the f-file.
* '''49g:''' Omar moves his c5 dog south and pulls the c7 dog west, defending both western traps and reopening a possible c-file goal path. 
* '''49s:''' In advancing his dog through c6, Fritzlein asserts control of that trap, threatening Omar's b6 horse and d5 rabbit.
* '''50g:''' Omar could avoid an immediate material loss, but might soon be overloaded. Perhaps fearing a southwestern attack, Omar freezes and threatens Fritzlein's advanced horse, setting up a possible capture race. Such a race would likely allow Omar to stay ahead in quantity of pieces.
* '''50s:''' Fritzlein accepts the horse trade, as defending c3 would have meant losing a dog. At this point, a horse trade is not a bad deal for Fritzlein, who will now have a camel and two dogs to Omar's one horse and one dog. Omar's remaining horse faces potential capture in f6, though Fritzlein's own rabbit currently blocks this.
* '''51g:''' In making the horse capture, Omar steps his elephant north to threaten Fritzlein's dog. The last dog step east momentarily activates the horse, but will not save it. Omar could have instead stepped the d5 rabbit east so that his horse could not then be frozen on f5. However, he likely did not want to leave his dog on d4, as this would have blocked a flip-capture of the c5 dog on the next turn; Omar wants to keep his elephant in position for a western goal attack. Omar might have done better to step his dog south, clearing the path for a possible capture in f3 and thus forcing Fritzlein to be more careful with his camel.
* '''51s:''' Fritzlein could save his dog and rabbit in the west, but could then lose a rabbit in the east, in which case he would also lose the chance to capture the horse. Fritzlein thus goes for the horse capture.
* '''52g:''' Omar flip-captures the dog, keeping his elephant positioned for a western attack.
* '''52s:''' Fritzlein first captures the rabbit, which might have otherwise threatened goal. Omar's horse cannot be rescued on the next turn, so Fritzlein loses nothing by capturing the rabbit first. Now on c5, Fritzlein's elephant can defend his depleted west wing.
* '''53g:''' Omar's b3 cat captures to c2, clearing the b-file for a rabbit advance and perhaps strengthening Omar's home defense. Omar could have instead flip-captured the rabbit and then advanced a rabbit through the a-file, keeping his cat positioned to support a western goal attack.
* '''53s:''' Fritzlein completes the exchange and moves his elephant to d4, keeping Omar's dog in the east.
* '''54g:''' Omar threatens goal in the thinly defended west, and moves his cat back to the b-file.
* '''54s:''' Fritzlein blocks the goal and also temporarily blocks Omar's elephant from d6.
* '''55g:''' If he can push Fritzlein's dog onto e6, Omar may have a strong western goal threat.
* '''55s:''' Fritzlein brings his cat to e6, blockading e5 and ensuring that his dog could block a western goal. He does not move the dog on the fourth step, as that would allow for a capture in c6. Fritzlein's eastern goal defense is becoming thin, but his elephant and camel are well-positioned.
* '''56g:''' Blocked from the east and south, Omar's elephant steps north. Omar advances his d1 rabbit to d3, to defend c3 and also block a central goal.
* '''56s:''' Fritzlein unfreezes and advances his dog, blocking Omar's goal path and threatening an attack on c3.
* '''57g:''' Omar moves his elephant east to face Fritzlein's camel. At this point, however, piece [[../Distribution of Force#Alignment|alignment]] is of secondary importance. Fritzlein is poised for a western attack which Omar could not immediately match in the east.
* '''57s:''' Alert to the risks in both f6 and f3, Fritzlein moves his camel east. His elephant takes d3, again keeping Omar's dog in the east. Fritzlein is now well-balanced, with his dog and camel active on opposite wings and his elephant in the middle. Omar is poorly balanced, and must quickly defend in the west.
* '''58g:''' Omar temporarily defends c3, but leaves it vulnerable.
* '''58s:''' Fritzlein could now move his dog through c3, but doesn't want to lose material in f6 or allow Omar's b-file rabbit to advance further. Fritzlein thus pushes that rabbit west, and defends f6 from behind. Omar is running out of threats.
* '''59g:''' Omar advances his c-file rabbit, but moves his elephant further east, with the idea that he could capture Fritzlein's camel if Fritzlein were to immediately capture the rabbit. After such an exchange, however, Fritzlein could advance his e5 rabbit onto c3, creating a strong goal threat. In the endgame, a rabbit-for-camel exchange does not always favor the side capturing a camel.
* '''59s:''' Fritzlein defends and further advances his camel. Omar could take it hostage, but that would mean having his elephant in the southeastern corner while Fritzlein threatens goal in the west and center. Fritzlein's more centralized elephant could eventually join a goal attack, as there is no harm in losing a camel if one wins the game.
* '''60g:''' Declining the hostage, Omar moves his elephant west. Omar technically could have created a one-turn goal threat, but the rabbit would have then been lost immediately in c6. If not for Fritzlein's rabbit advance to e4, Omar would have had an additional step which could have created a stronger one-turn goal threat. Despite Fritzlein's positional advantage, this game could turn on a single step.
* '''60s to end:''' Omar is forced to block Fritzlein's h-file rabbit, and then block Fritzlein's camel from making a pull. This soon forces Omar's elephant to the goal line. Had Fritzlein miscalculated or just not noticed the one-turn goal threat after 66g, Omar could still have won. However, Fritzlein's position allowed him to defend goal and still keep his strong pieces on offense.
&lt;hr/&gt;
After this game concluded in June 2005, Fritzlein opined that the advantage had swung back and forth, and that Omar bungled a very strong position on 40g. By later bot analysis, however, Fritzlein held a continuous advantage after 21g. Defensively minded, Fritzlein often failed to see his own attacking potential. Nevertheless, he was the top player at the time, also winning the 2005 Arimaa World Championship.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7lfly5rqn45v03nl4gb0aqz3fbbejfn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Nouns</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417636</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088342</id>
      <parentid>4088008</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:45:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Noun Derivational Suffixes */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25738" xml:space="preserve">= Nouns  =
== Types of Nouns ==
: Nouns in Mirad can be distinguished in the following 6 ways:

::# '''''common''''' vs. '''''proper'''''
::# '''''concrete''''' vs. '''''abstract'''''
::# '''''countable''''' vs. '''''mass'''''
::# '''''gender-neutral''''' vs. '''''masculine/feminine'''''
::# '''''singular''''' vs. '''''plural'''''
::# '''''animate''''' vs. '''''inanimate'''''

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Common vs. Proper Nouns
|-
! COMMON !! PROPER
|-
| '''tam'''....''house'' || '''Emer'''....''Venus''
|-
| '''yagsim'''....''bench'' || '''Fransam'''....''France''
|-
| '''dyes'''....''book'' || '''Notre Dame'''...''Notre Dame''
|- 
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''Tot'''....''God''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Concrete vs. Abstract Nouns
|-
! CONCRETE !! ABSTRACT
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''ifon'''....''love''
|-
| '''mil'''....''water'' || '''oyman'''....''coolness''
|-
| '''deuz'''....''song'' || '''deuzen'''....''singing''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Countable vs. Mass Nouns
|-
! COUNTABLE !! MASS
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''pattel'''....''bird food''
|-
| '''patayeb'''....''feather'' || '''patayebyan'''....''plumage''
|-
| '''meg'''....''rock'' || '''mil'''....''water''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Gender-neutral vs. Gendered
|-
! GENDER-NEUTRAL !! FEMININE !! MASCULINE
|-
| '''tob'''....''human being'' || '''toyb'''....''woman'' || '''twob'''....''man''
|-
| '''edeb'''....''monarch'' || '''edeyb'''....''queen'' || '''edweb'''....''king''
|-
| '''ted'''....''parent'' || '''teyd'''....''mother'' || '''twed'''....''father''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Singular vs. Plural Nouns
|-
! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| '''dom'''....''city'' || '''domi'''....''cities''
|-
| '''gon'''....''part'' || '''goni'''....''parts''
|-
| '''jub'''....''day'' || '''jubi'''....''days''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Inanimate vs. Animate Nouns
|-
! INANIMATE !! ANIMATE
|-
| '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''pot'''....''animal''
|-
| '''tom'''....''building'' || '''aot'''....''person''
|-
| '''job'''....''time'' || '''tobet'''....''child''
|}
: Abstract nouns include '''''gerunds''''', i.e. nouns which are nominalized derivations of verbs like '''deuzen'''....''singing'' &lt; '''deuzer'''....''to sing'' or '''osexen'''....''destruction'' &lt; '''osexer'''....''to destroy''.  Infinitives like ''deuzer''....'''to sing''' are also considered abstract nouns.

: In Mirad, all '''''common''''' nouns in their '''''singular''''' dictionary lookup form end in a consonant.  Proper nouns sometimes end in a vowel, such as '''Roma'''....''Rome''.  Plural common countable nouns end in the vowel ''i'' ('''pat'''....''bird'' ⇒ '''pat&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''birds'').  

: The above noun type distinctions are relevant in various parts of Mirad's grammar.

== Pluralization of Common Nouns ==
: A '''''singular countable common noun''''' always ends in a consonant and is made plural by suffixing the plural suffix marker '''-i'''.  So, the plural of '''pur'''....''car'' is '''pur&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cars''.  In noun phrases, for example, where a noun is modified by an article and adjective, only the noun is pluralized, that is, there is no agreement across word boundaries as in many European languages ('''la belle fleur''' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt;'''les belles fleurs''').
 
: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Pluralization of Nouns
|-
! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| '''tam'''....''house''|| '''tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''houses''
|-
| '''toyb'''....''woman'' || '''toyb&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''women''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lives''
|-
| '''ha via dom'''....''the beautiful city'' || '''ha via dom&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the beautiful cities''
|}
== Articles ==
: In Mirad, there is only a '''''definite article''''', the invariable word '''ha''' (''the''). There is no '''''indefinite article''''' like English ''a / an''.  A noun is considered indefinite or general unless modified by the definite article '''ha''' (which in reality is a '''''definite deictic determiner''''', discussed with other deictic determiners in the later section on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Deictic Determiners]]).  The definite article '''ha'''  is positioned, as in English, before the noun and before any other adjectives or modifiers of that noun.  It is invariable, in that it does not vary for gender, number, or case as in German or Spanish.  The definite article acts like its counterpart in English, as shown in the following chart:

: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Use of the Definite Article
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! SPECIFICITY
|-
| '''tam''' || ''a house'' || indefinite, no article
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; house'' || definite
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; tami''' || ''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; houses'' || definite, plural
|-
| '''tej''' || ''life'' || general, no article
|-
| '''fitejawa &lt;u&gt;tej&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''&lt;u&gt;a life&lt;/u&gt; well-lived'' || indefinite, no article
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; tej (...hu at ayse)''' || ''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; life (... that I have)'' || specific
|-
| '''Fransad''' || ''French'' || language name, already specific, no article
|-
| '''Ivan''' || ''Ivan'' || person's name, no article
|-
| '''Ifliu yivan!''' || ''Cherish freedom'' || abstraction, no article
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; yivani hu yat ifie.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; freedoms that we enjoy.'' || abstraction specified
|-
| '''Yata yivani...''' || ''Our freedoms...'' || abstraction specified with possessive pronoun, no article
|}

: Speakers of French and other European languages should take note that general concepts like ''love'', ''life'', ''freedom'' do not employ the definite article unless they refer to a specific instance, such as in the phrases ''the love that dare not speak its name'' or ''the life well-lived'' or ''the freedoms we possess''.  The names of languages and countries are also considered already specific, and so as in English, they do not take a definite article as they might in some European languages.  Names of persons do not take the definite article as they do in modern Greek, unless in a phrase like &quot;the Ivan I once knew.&quot;

== Proper Nouns ==
: Proper nouns, such as names of people, places, languages, etc., are capitalized as in English.  The formation of country names and languages will be discussed in a later section.  It can be said here, though, that country names for the most part end in '''-am'''; the inhabitants of those places end in '''-at''' or pl. '''-yat'''; and the languages they speak end in '''-ad'''.  Country names take a definite article only in a few cases like '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; Anxwa Doebi'''....''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; United States,'' which is really composed of common nouns.  Otherwise, a country name like '''Fransam''' does not take a definite article, just as it does not in English.  Unlike in some languages, language names are capitalized, eg. '''At tixe Fransad.''' (''I study French.'').  In fact, this is the case for all words built on a proper name, eg. '''Amerikama tel Fransamxweye.''' ''American food is being Frenchified.''.

== Noun Modifiers: Placement and Agreement ==

: Nouns can be modified by various qualitative, quantitative, and deictic adjectives, which all precede the noun. These modifiers come in the same order as in English.  There is no gender or number agreement between the modifiers and the noun, except that numeric adjectives, such as '''ewa'''....''two'' naturally are followed by a noun in the plural number.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Noun Modifiers
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''ha ewa aga tami''' || ''the two big houses''
|-
| '''gla ifxea taxi''' || ''many pleasant memories''
|-
| '''hya fia tob'''  || ''every good man''
|-
| '''ha yaga via mepi''' || ''the long, beautiful roads''
|-
| '''gra vua sexen''' || ''too much ugly construction''
|-
| '''ata aja teji'''  || ''My past lives''
|}
== Noun Linkage ==
: Nouns can be
::# linked with a preposition or conjunction, where the prepositional/conjunctional phrase follows the head noun, or
::# juxtaposed, where the modifier noun is separated by a space and comes before the head noun, or
::# compounded, where the modifier noun is prefixed to a headword, or
::# hyphenated, where two equal elements are joined by a hyphen.

: Examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Noun Linkage
|-
! LINKAGE EXAMPLE !! CONSTRUCTION
|-
| '''Ivan &lt;u&gt;ay Maria&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Ivan &lt;u&gt;and Maria&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the conjunction '''ay''' (''and'')
|-
| '''ha tam &lt;u&gt;ey ha par&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the house &lt;u&gt;or the car&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the conjunction '''ey''' (''or'')
|-
| '''hyati &lt;u&gt;oy ha toybi&lt;/u&gt;'''....''all &lt;u&gt;but the women&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the conjunction '''or''' (''but'')
|-
| '''nyandras &lt;u&gt;boy eta dyun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a list &lt;u&gt;without your name&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the preposition '''boy''' (''without'')
|-
|'''tej &lt;u&gt;bi nasuk&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a life &lt;u&gt;of poverty&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the preposition '''bi''' (''of'')
|-
| '''ha tam &lt;u&gt;bi Maria&lt;/u&gt;''' ....''Mary&amp;apos;s house (the house &lt;u&gt;of Mary&lt;/u&gt;''|| nouns linked possessively by the preposition '''bi''' (''of'')
|-
| '''job &lt;u&gt;bi aga ivan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a time &lt;u&gt;of great joy&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the preposition '''bi''' (''of'')
|-
| '''dyes &lt;u&gt;ayv ha Ea Mira Dropek&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a book &lt;u&gt;about the Second World War&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the preposition '''ayv''' (''about'')
|-
| '''dropek &lt;u&gt;jwabeni&lt;/u&gt;'''....''war &lt;u&gt;preparations&lt;/u&gt;'' || modifier noun '''dropek''' (''war'') juxtaposed with the head noun &lt;u&gt;'''jwabeni'''&lt;/u&gt; (''preparations'')
|-
| '''dom &lt;u&gt;yaotpur&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a city &lt;u&gt;bus&lt;/u&gt;'' || modifier noun '''dom''' (''city'') juxtaposed with the head noun &lt;u&gt;'''yaotpur'''&lt;/u&gt; (''bus'')
|-
| '''toj&lt;u&gt;ojfon&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a death &lt;u&gt;wish&lt;/u&gt;'' || modifier noun '''toj''' (''death'') compounded with the head noun '''&lt;u&gt;ojfon&lt;/u&gt;''' (''wish'')
|-
| '''jogat&lt;u&gt;anyaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''youth &lt;u&gt;league&lt;/u&gt;'' || modifier noun '''jogat''' (''youth'') compounded with the head noun '''&lt;u&gt;anyaf&lt;/u&gt;''' (''league'')
|-
| '''maj-moj'''....''a day-and-night'' || two or more equal, opposed nouns hyphenated
|}

: The '''X bi Y''' prepositional construction must always be used for possession by a '''''named''''' person, eg. '''ha tam &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; Sam''' (Sam's house = the house &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; Sam).  The methods of noun linkage otherwise follow the English pattern in most all cases.  Pronominal possession such as ''his car'' is discussed in the section on personal pronouns.  The preposition '''bi'''....''of'' is used in partitive expressions like '''tilzyeb &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; vafil'''....''a glass &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; wine'' (but: '''vafil tilzeb'''....''wine glass'', where ''wine'' modifies ''the glass'' associatively).  More about this and other prepositions or conjunctions can be found in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Prepositions]] or [[Mirad Grammar/Conjunctions]].

: Details on how noun vocabulary is derived appears in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation]].

== Noun Derivational Suffixes ==
: Nouns can be divided into: 
::* '''''simple nouns''''' such as '''pur'''....''vehicle''
::* '''''compound nouns''''' such as '''naadpur'''....''train'' &lt; '''naad'''....''rail'' + '''pur'''....''vehicle''
::* '''''derived nouns''''' such as '''fabyan'''....''forest'' &lt; '''fab'''....''tree'' + '''-yan''', a suffix meaning ''collection''
: Derived nouns are formed by attaching nominal suffixes (and sometimes prefixes)to other words or roots.  A list of nominal suffixes to form derived nouns is shown in the following table.  More can be read about noun derivation in the section on vocabulary-building.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Noun Derivational Suffixes
|- valign=top
! SUFFIX !! MEANING !! BASE ONTO WHICH&lt;br&gt;SUFFIX IS ADDED !! EXAMPLES
|-
| '''-ag''' || big || noun || '''tam''' house → '''tam&lt;u&gt;ag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mansion''&lt;br&gt;'''tyal'''....''meal'' → '''tyal&lt;u&gt;ag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''banquet''&lt;br&gt;'''tilar'''....''spoon'' → '''tilar&lt;u&gt;ag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ladle''
|-
| -'''an''' || abstact quality, -ness, -hood, -ity || adjective stem ||'''vi&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''beautiful'' → '''vi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''beauty''&lt;br&gt;'''yev&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''fair'' → '''yev&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''....''fairness, equity''&lt;br&gt;'''tob&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''human'' → '''tob&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''....''humanity, humanness, manhood''
|- 
| -'''ayg''' || big and cute || noun || '''tam'''....''house'' → '''tam&lt;u&gt;ayg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cozy mansion''&lt;br&gt;'''epet'''....''dog'' → '''epet&lt;u&gt;ayg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wolfie''
|-
| -'''d''' || language, speech, sound || adjective and other stems|| '''Angla'''....''English'' → '''Angla&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;'''....''English (language)''&lt;br&gt;'''Mira'''....''of the world'' → '''Mirad'''....''Mirad (world speech)''&lt;br&gt;'''ape&lt;s&gt;t&lt;/s&gt;'''....''horse'' → '''ape&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;'''....''neigh, whinny''
|-
| -'''ef''' || need of || noun || '''tel'''....''food'' → '''tel&lt;u&gt;ef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hunger''&lt;br&gt;'''ig&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''fast'' → '''ig&lt;u&gt;ef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''emergency''&lt;br&gt;'''til'''....''drink'' → '''til&lt;u&gt;ef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''thirst''
|-
| -'''en''' || present gerund, -ing, -tion, -ment || verb stem ||'''ifi&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''enjoy'' → '''ifi&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;'''....''enjoyment''&lt;br&gt;'''deuz&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''sing'' → '''deuz&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;'''....''singing''&lt;br&gt;'''ax&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....'''act''' → '''ax&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;'''....''action, acting''
|-
| -'''es''' || smaller counterpart thing || noun || '''tom'''....''building'' → '''tom&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt;''' apartment&lt;br&gt;'''saun'''....''kind'' → '''saun&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt;'''....''sample''&lt;br&gt;'''dreuz'''....''poem'' → '''deuz&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt;'''....''stanza''&lt;br&gt;'''mek'''....''dust, powder'' → '''mek&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt;'''....''speck, gain''
|-
| -'''et''' || smaller counterpart person || noun || '''twob'''....''man'' → '''twob&lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;'''....''boy''&lt;br&gt;'''toyb'''....''woman'' → '''toyb&lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;'''....''girl''
|-
| -'''if''' || love of, -philia || noun || '''tel'''....''food'' → '''tel&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gourmandise''&lt;br&gt;'''doab'''....''homeland'' → '''doab&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''patriotism''&lt;br&gt;'''dyes'''....''book'' → '''dyes&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bibliophilia, love of books''
|-
| -'''ig''' || sudden || noun and verb stem || '''man'''....''light'' → '''man&lt;u&gt;ig&lt;/u&gt;'''....''flash''&lt;br&gt;'''pyex'''....''stroke'' → '''pyexig'''....''swat''&lt;br&gt;'''yopap&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''dive, fly down'' → '''yopap&lt;u&gt;ig&lt;/u&gt;'''....''swoop''
|-
| -'''im''' || room, chamber || various stems || '''fyadil&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to pray'' → '''faydil&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''chapel''&lt;br&gt;'''magel&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to cook'' → '''magel&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''kitchen''&lt;br&gt;'''tof&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to dress'' → '''tof&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''dressing room''
|-
| -'''in''' || doctrine, dogma, -ism || various stems || '''tot'''....''god'' → '''totin'''....''religion, theism''&lt;br&gt;'''otof&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''nude'' → '''otof&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''nudism''&lt;br&gt;'''yufr-'''....'''terror''' → '''yufr&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''terrorism''
|-
| -'''n''' || abstract noun || various stems || '''ze'''....''in the middle of'' → '''zen'''....''center''&lt;br&gt;'''za'''....''in front of'' → '''za&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''face''&lt;br&gt;'''byi'''....''since, starting with'' → '''byi&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''source''&lt;br&gt;'''go'''....''less'' → '''go&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''part'' 
|-
| -'''am''' || house, building || various stems || '''nun-''' merchandise → '''nun&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''store''&lt;br&gt;'''til''' drink → '''til&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bar, tavern''&lt;br&gt;'''fyadil&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to pray'' → '''fyadil&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''church''
|-
| -'''(e)m''' || place || various stems || '''ho-?''' what-? → '''ho&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''where''?&lt;br&gt;'''yex'''....''work'' → '''yex&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''worksite''&lt;br&gt;'''ab'''....''on, above'' → '''ab&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''top, surface''&lt;br&gt;'''ku&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''lateral'' → '''ku&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;'''....''side''
|-
| -'''im''' || room || various stems || '''magel-'''....''cook'' →  '''magel&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''kitchen''
|-
| -'''um''' || compartment, booth || various stems || '''teuzibar'''....''telephone'' → '''teuzibar&lt;u&gt;um&lt;/u&gt;'''....''telephone booth''
|-
| -'''yem''' || enclosure, box || various stems || '''apet'''....''horse'' → '''apet&lt;u&gt;yem&lt;/u&gt;'''....''corral''&lt;br&gt;'''b-'''....''put'' → '''b&lt;u&gt;yem&lt;/u&gt;'''....''position''
|-
| -'''ud''' || offspring, baby of || noun || '''apet'''....''horse'' → '''apet&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''foal''
|-
| -'''og''' || little || noun || '''tab''' body → '''tab&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;''' ''corpuscle''&lt;br&gt;'''apet'''....''horse'' → '''apet&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pony''&lt;br&gt;'''tyal'''....''meal'' → '''tyal&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''snack''&lt;br&gt;'''golbun'''....''cut'' → '''golbun&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cutlet''
|-
| -'''oyg''' || little and cute || noun || '''tam'''....''house'' → '''tam&lt;u&gt;oyg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cottage''&lt;br&gt;'''apayt'''....''chicken'' → '''apayt&lt;u&gt;oyg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''chickadee''&lt;br&gt;'''mimpar'''....''boat'' → '''mirpar&lt;u&gt;oyg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''dingy''
|-
| -'''ar'''&lt;br&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;br&gt;'''-ur''' || instrument, tool, machine, etc. || usu. verb stem || '''p&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to go'' → '''p&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;'''....''car''&lt;br&gt;'''dr&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to write'' → '''drar'''....''pencil''&lt;br&gt;'''gobl&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to cut'' → '''gobl&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''knife''&lt;br&gt;'''yaobl&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to lift up and down'' → '''yaobl&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;'''....''elevator, lift''&lt;br&gt;'''yaobl&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lift, crane''&lt;br&gt;'''dop'''....''military'' → '''dop&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gun''&lt;br&gt;'''dop&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;'''....''machine gun''&lt;br&gt;'''dop&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''artillery, cannon''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| -'''s''' || thing, something, object, the X one || adjective || '''aa''' first → '''aa&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'''....''first one, first thing''&lt;br&gt;'''otwa'''....''unknown'' → '''otwa&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mystery, an unknown''&lt;br&gt;'''tejea'''....''living'' → '''tejea&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'''....''living thing''
|-
| -'''(s)on''' || abstract thing, issue || various stems ||  '''if&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to love'' → '''if&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt;'''....''love''&lt;br&gt;'''ov against''' → '''ov&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt;'''....''obstacle''&lt;br&gt; '''az&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;''' strong → '''az&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt;'''....''force''&lt;br&gt;'''yik&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''difficult'' → '''yik&lt;u&gt;son&lt;/u&gt;'''....''problem''
|-
| -'''(s)un''' || object, thing, result of an action || various stems || '''vyu&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''dirty'' → '''vyu&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spot''&lt;br&gt;'''tamb&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''settle'' → '''tambi&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''settlement''&lt;br&gt;'''gofr&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;''' ''shred'' → '''gofr&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''scrap, shred''&lt;br&gt;'''hyo'''....''not a single'' → '''hyo&lt;u&gt;sun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''not a single thing''
|-
| -'''t''' || person || adjective || '''ea''' second → '''eat'''....''second one, second person''&lt;br&gt;'''fya-'''....''holy'' → '''fya&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''....''holy one, saint''&lt;br&gt;'''ujna'''....''last'' → '''uja&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''....''last one, last person''&lt;br&gt;'''Amerika'''....''American'' → '''Amerika&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''....''an American''
|-
| -'''tun''' || science of, -ology || noun || '''tot'''....''god'' → '''tot&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''theology''&lt;br&gt;'''tob'''....''man'' → '''tob&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''anthropology''&lt;br&gt;'''vob'''....''plant'' → '''vob&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''botany''
|-
| -'''tuyn''' || mythical lore || noun || '''mar'''....''star'' → '''mar&lt;u&gt;tuyn&lt;/u&gt;'''....''astrology''
|-
| -'''tuin''' || theory || noun || '''vyelan'''....''relativity'' → '''vyelan&lt;u&gt;tuin&lt;/u&gt;'''....''theory of relativity''
|-
| -'''tyen''' || skill, craft || noun || '''sur'''....''engine'' → '''sur&lt;u&gt;tyen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''engineering''
|-
| -'''tut''' || scientist, -ologist, -ist || noun || '''tot'''....''god'' → '''tot&lt;u&gt;tut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''theologist''&lt;br&gt;'''tob'''....''man'' → '''tob&lt;u&gt;tut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''anthropologist''&lt;br&gt;'''vob'''....''plant'' → '''vob&lt;u&gt;tut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''botanist''
|-
| -'''uf''' || hate of, -phobia || noun || '''mil''' water → '''mil&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hydrophobia''&lt;br&gt;'''totin'''....''religion'' → '''totin&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hatred of religion''&lt;br&gt; '''toyb'''....''woman'' → '''toyb&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''misogyny''
|-
| -'''ud''' || child of || noun || '''apat'''....''chicken'' → '''apat&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''chick''
|-
| -'''ut''', -'''uyt''' (f.)|| agent, one who Xes, -er, -ant, -ist || verb stem || '''bek&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''treat'' → '''bek&lt;u&gt;uyt&lt;/u&gt;'''....''nurse''&lt;br&gt;'''pop&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''travel'' → '''pop&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''traveler''&lt;br&gt;'''ak&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''win'' → '''ak&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''winner''
|-
| -'''yaf''' (or) -'''yafan'''|| ability to, power, -ability || verb stem || '''teat&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to see'' → '''teat&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ability to see''&lt;br&gt;'''tex&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to think'' → '''tex&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cognition''&lt;br&gt;'''test&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to understand'' → '''test&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''comprehension''&lt;br&gt;'''nos&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to spend'' → '''nos&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spending power''&lt;br&gt;'''t&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to know'' → '''t&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''conscience''
|-
| -'''yafwan''' || possibility, -ability || verb stem || '''teat&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to see'' → '''teat&lt;u&gt;yafwan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''visibility''
|-
| -'''yof''' || inability to, disability || verb stem || '''teat&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to see'' → '''teat&lt;u&gt;yof&lt;/u&gt;'''....''blindness''&lt;br&gt;'''teet&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to hear'' → '''teet&lt;u&gt;yof&lt;/u&gt;'''....''deafness''&lt;br&gt;'''pas&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to move'' → '''pas&lt;u&gt;yof&lt;/u&gt;'''....''paralysis''&lt;br&gt;'''tuj&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to sleep'' → '''tuj&lt;u&gt;yof&lt;/u&gt;'''....''insomnia''
|-
| -'''yofwan''' || impossibility || verb stem || '''teat&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to see'' → '''teat&lt;u&gt;yofwan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''invisibility''
|- 
| -'''yag''' || big and ugly || noun || '''tetwid'''....''uncle'' → '''tetwid&lt;u&gt;yag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''dirty old uncle''&lt;br&gt;'''toyb'''....''woman'' → '''toyb&lt;u&gt;yag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hag''
|-
| -'''yan''' || collection, grouping, -ary || noun || '''tob'''....''man'' → '''tob&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mankind''&lt;br&gt;'''mar'''....''star'' → '''mar&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''constellation''&lt;br&gt;'''fab'''....''tree'' → '''fab&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''forest''&lt;br&gt;'''dyes'''....''book'' → '''dyes&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''library''
|-
| -'''yef''' || duty to || verb stem || '''dud&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to answer'' → '''dud&lt;u&gt;yef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''responsibility''&lt;br&gt;'''byok&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to ache'' → '''byok&lt;u&gt;yef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''punishment''
|-
| -'''yik''' || difficulty to || verb stem || '''teet&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to hear''  → '''teet&lt;u&gt;yik&lt;/u&gt;'''....''difficulty hearing''&lt;br&gt;'''tiex&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to breathe''  → '''tiex&lt;u&gt;yik&lt;/u&gt;'''....''difficulty breathing, asthma''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| -'''yog''' || little and ugly || noun || '''tam'''....''house'' → '''tam&lt;u&gt;yog&lt;/u&gt;'''....''shack''&lt;br&gt;'''epat'''....''duck'' → '''epat&lt;u&gt;yog&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ugly duckling''&lt;br&gt;'''kod'''....''secret'' → '''kod&lt;u&gt;yog&lt;/u&gt;'''....''little dirty secret''
|- 
| -'''yuf''' || fear of, -phobia || noun || '''lopyet'''....''snake'' → '''lopyet&lt;u&gt;yuf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''fear of snakes''&lt;br&gt;'''mil'''....''water''  → '''mil&lt;u&gt;yuf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hyrophobia''
|-
| -'''yuk''' || ease of || verb stem || '''pes&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;''' ''to wait''  → '''pes&lt;u&gt;yuk&lt;/u&gt;'''....''patience''&lt;br&gt;'''kovyox&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;''' ''to fool''  → '''kovyox&lt;u&gt;yuk&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gullibility, foolhardiness''&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Gender ==
: Nouns in Mirad are gender-neutral, unless those relating to people, animals, and sometimes clothing are altered to be specifically male/male-oriented or female/female-oriented.  To create the male or male-oriented form of an otherwise gender-neutral noun, prefix the vowel of the semantically-significant syllable with the letter '''w'''.  To create the female or female-oriented form, suffix the vowel of the semantically-significant syllable with '''y'''.  If the noun is an agent noun with the suffix '''-ut''', that is, a noun that means &quot;one who does something as an occupation or behavior&quot;, the ending '''-ut''' is changed to '''-uyt''' for the female form, but the male form stays the same.  The reason for this is that the addition of a '''w''' to the agentive ending could be confused with the verbal passive marker '''w''' (see the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs]].  The chart below shows how this works:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Making Nouns Gender-specific
|-
! NEUTRAL !! MALE/MALE-ORIENTED !! FEMALE/FEMALE-ORIENTED
|-
| '''tob'''....''human being, person'' || '''twob'''....''man'' || '''toyb'''....''woman''
|-
| '''tobet'''....''child'' || '''twobet'''....''boy'' || '''toybet'''....''girl''
|-
| '''tad'''....''spouse'' || '''twad'''....''husband'' || '''tayd'''....''wife''
|-
| '''ejtad'''....''step spouse'' || '''ejtwad'''....''step-husband'' || '''ejtayd'''....''step-wife''
|-
| '''ajtad'''....''ex-spouse'' || '''ajtwad'''....''ex-husband'' || '''ajtayd'''....''ex-wife''
|-
| '''ted'''....''parent'' || '''twed'''....''father'' || '''teyd'''....''mother''
|-
| '''datif'''....''sweetheart'' || '''dwatif'''....''boyfriend'' || '''daytif'''....''girlfriend''
|-
| '''yapet'''....''pig''|| '''yapwet'''....''boar'' || '''yapeyt'''....''sow''
|-
| '''edeb'''....''monarch'' || '''edweb'''....''king'' || '''edeyb'''....''queen''
|-
| '''apat'''....''fowl'' || '''apwat'''....''rooster'' || '''apayt'''....''hen''
|-
| '''tiuv'''....''underwear'' || '''tiwuv'''....''briefs'' || '''tiuyv'''....''panties''
|-
| '''vapet'''....''antelope'' || '''vapwet'''....''deer'' || '''vapeyt'''....''doe''
|-
| '''deuzut'''....''singer'' || '''deuzut'''....''singer'' || '''deuzuyt'''....''songstress''
|-
| '''tud'''....''child'' || '''twud'''....''son'' || '''tuyd'''....''daughter''
|}

: For gender specification in pronouns, see [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns]], below).


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Phonotactics|Adjectives|TOC mini}}</text>
      <sha1>dvbtt48493crqiw6b83tv4wrcmf6oxe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088391</id>
      <parentid>4088342</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:08:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Types of Nouns */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25817" xml:space="preserve">= Nouns  =
== Types of Nouns ==
: Nouns in Mirad can be distinguished in the following 6 ways:

::# '''''common''''' vs. '''''proper'''''
::# '''''concrete''''' vs. '''''abstract'''''
::# '''''countable''''' vs. '''''mass'''''
::# '''''gender-neutral''''' vs. '''''masculine/feminine'''''
::# '''''singular''''' vs. '''''plural'''''
::# '''''animate''''' vs. '''''inanimate'''''

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Common vs. Proper Nouns
|-
! COMMON !! PROPER
|-
| '''tam'''....''house'' || '''Emer'''....''Venus''
|-
| '''yagsim'''....''bench'' || '''Fransam'''....''France''
|-
| '''dyes'''....''book'' || '''Notre Dame'''...''Notre Dame''
|- 
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''Tot'''....''God''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Concrete vs. Abstract Nouns
|-
! CONCRETE !! ABSTRACT
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''ifon'''....''love''
|-
| '''mil'''....''water'' || '''oyman'''....''coolness''
|-
| '''deuz'''....''song'' || '''deuzen'''....''singing''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Countable vs. Mass Nouns
|-
! COUNTABLE !! MASS
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''pattel'''....''bird food''
|-
| '''patayeb'''....''feather'' || '''patayebyan'''....''plumage''
|-
| '''meg'''....''rock'' || '''mil'''....''water''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Gender-neutral vs. Gendered
|-
! GENDER-NEUTRAL !! FEMININE !! MASCULINE
|-
| '''tob'''....''human being'' || '''toyb'''....''woman'' || '''twob'''....''man''
|-
| '''edeb'''....''monarch'' || '''edeyb'''....''queen'' || '''edweb'''....''king''
|-
| '''ted'''....''parent'' || '''teyd'''....''mother'' || '''twed'''....''father''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Singular vs. Plural Nouns
|-
! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| '''dom'''....''city'' || '''domi'''....''cities''
|-
| '''gon'''....''part'' || '''goni'''....''parts''
|-
| '''jub'''....''day'' || '''jubi'''....''days''
|}
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Inanimate vs. Animate Nouns
|-
! INANIMATE !! ANIMATE
|-
| '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''pot'''....''animal''
|-
| '''tom'''....''building'' || '''aot'''....''person''
|-
| '''job'''....''time'' || '''tobet'''....''child''
|}
: Abstract nouns include '''''gerunds''''', i.e. nouns which are nominalized derivations of verbs like '''deuzen'''....''singing'' &lt; '''deuzer'''....''to sing'' or '''osexen'''....''destruction'' &lt; '''osexer'''....''to destroy''.  Infinitives like ''deuzer''....'''to sing''' are also considered abstract nouns.

: In Mirad, all '''''common''''' nouns in their '''''singular''''' dictionary lookup form end in a consonant.  Proper nouns sometimes end in a vowel, such as '''Roma'''....''Rome''.  Plural common countable nouns end in the vowel ''i'' ('''pat'''....''bird'' ⇒ '''pat&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''birds'').  

: The above noun type distinctions are relevant in various parts of Mirad's grammar.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Phonotactics|Adjectives}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pluralization of Common Nouns ==
: A '''''singular countable common noun''''' always ends in a consonant and is made plural by suffixing the plural suffix marker '''-i'''.  So, the plural of '''pur'''....''car'' is '''pur&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cars''.  In noun phrases, for example, where a noun is modified by an article and adjective, only the noun is pluralized, that is, there is no agreement across word boundaries as in many European languages ('''la belle fleur''' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt;'''les belles fleurs''').
 
: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Pluralization of Nouns
|-
! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| '''tam'''....''house''|| '''tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''houses''
|-
| '''toyb'''....''woman'' || '''toyb&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''women''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lives''
|-
| '''ha via dom'''....''the beautiful city'' || '''ha via dom&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the beautiful cities''
|}
== Articles ==
: In Mirad, there is only a '''''definite article''''', the invariable word '''ha''' (''the''). There is no '''''indefinite article''''' like English ''a / an''.  A noun is considered indefinite or general unless modified by the definite article '''ha''' (which in reality is a '''''definite deictic determiner''''', discussed with other deictic determiners in the later section on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Deictic Determiners]]).  The definite article '''ha'''  is positioned, as in English, before the noun and before any other adjectives or modifiers of that noun.  It is invariable, in that it does not vary for gender, number, or case as in German or Spanish.  The definite article acts like its counterpart in English, as shown in the following chart:

: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Use of the Definite Article
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! SPECIFICITY
|-
| '''tam''' || ''a house'' || indefinite, no article
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; house'' || definite
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; tami''' || ''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; houses'' || definite, plural
|-
| '''tej''' || ''life'' || general, no article
|-
| '''fitejawa &lt;u&gt;tej&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''&lt;u&gt;a life&lt;/u&gt; well-lived'' || indefinite, no article
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; tej (...hu at ayse)''' || ''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; life (... that I have)'' || specific
|-
| '''Fransad''' || ''French'' || language name, already specific, no article
|-
| '''Ivan''' || ''Ivan'' || person's name, no article
|-
| '''Ifliu yivan!''' || ''Cherish freedom'' || abstraction, no article
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; yivani hu yat ifie.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; freedoms that we enjoy.'' || abstraction specified
|-
| '''Yata yivani...''' || ''Our freedoms...'' || abstraction specified with possessive pronoun, no article
|}

: Speakers of French and other European languages should take note that general concepts like ''love'', ''life'', ''freedom'' do not employ the definite article unless they refer to a specific instance, such as in the phrases ''the love that dare not speak its name'' or ''the life well-lived'' or ''the freedoms we possess''.  The names of languages and countries are also considered already specific, and so as in English, they do not take a definite article as they might in some European languages.  Names of persons do not take the definite article as they do in modern Greek, unless in a phrase like &quot;the Ivan I once knew.&quot;

== Proper Nouns ==
: Proper nouns, such as names of people, places, languages, etc., are capitalized as in English.  The formation of country names and languages will be discussed in a later section.  It can be said here, though, that country names for the most part end in '''-am'''; the inhabitants of those places end in '''-at''' or pl. '''-yat'''; and the languages they speak end in '''-ad'''.  Country names take a definite article only in a few cases like '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; Anxwa Doebi'''....''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; United States,'' which is really composed of common nouns.  Otherwise, a country name like '''Fransam''' does not take a definite article, just as it does not in English.  Unlike in some languages, language names are capitalized, eg. '''At tixe Fransad.''' (''I study French.'').  In fact, this is the case for all words built on a proper name, eg. '''Amerikama tel Fransamxweye.''' ''American food is being Frenchified.''.

== Noun Modifiers: Placement and Agreement ==

: Nouns can be modified by various qualitative, quantitative, and deictic adjectives, which all precede the noun. These modifiers come in the same order as in English.  There is no gender or number agreement between the modifiers and the noun, except that numeric adjectives, such as '''ewa'''....''two'' naturally are followed by a noun in the plural number.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Noun Modifiers
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''ha ewa aga tami''' || ''the two big houses''
|-
| '''gla ifxea taxi''' || ''many pleasant memories''
|-
| '''hya fia tob'''  || ''every good man''
|-
| '''ha yaga via mepi''' || ''the long, beautiful roads''
|-
| '''gra vua sexen''' || ''too much ugly construction''
|-
| '''ata aja teji'''  || ''My past lives''
|}
== Noun Linkage ==
: Nouns can be
::# linked with a preposition or conjunction, where the prepositional/conjunctional phrase follows the head noun, or
::# juxtaposed, where the modifier noun is separated by a space and comes before the head noun, or
::# compounded, where the modifier noun is prefixed to a headword, or
::# hyphenated, where two equal elements are joined by a hyphen.

: Examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Noun Linkage
|-
! LINKAGE EXAMPLE !! CONSTRUCTION
|-
| '''Ivan &lt;u&gt;ay Maria&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Ivan &lt;u&gt;and Maria&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the conjunction '''ay''' (''and'')
|-
| '''ha tam &lt;u&gt;ey ha par&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the house &lt;u&gt;or the car&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the conjunction '''ey''' (''or'')
|-
| '''hyati &lt;u&gt;oy ha toybi&lt;/u&gt;'''....''all &lt;u&gt;but the women&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the conjunction '''or''' (''but'')
|-
| '''nyandras &lt;u&gt;boy eta dyun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a list &lt;u&gt;without your name&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the preposition '''boy''' (''without'')
|-
|'''tej &lt;u&gt;bi nasuk&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a life &lt;u&gt;of poverty&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the preposition '''bi''' (''of'')
|-
| '''ha tam &lt;u&gt;bi Maria&lt;/u&gt;''' ....''Mary&amp;apos;s house (the house &lt;u&gt;of Mary&lt;/u&gt;''|| nouns linked possessively by the preposition '''bi''' (''of'')
|-
| '''job &lt;u&gt;bi aga ivan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a time &lt;u&gt;of great joy&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the preposition '''bi''' (''of'')
|-
| '''dyes &lt;u&gt;ayv ha Ea Mira Dropek&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a book &lt;u&gt;about the Second World War&lt;/u&gt;'' || nouns linked associatively by the preposition '''ayv''' (''about'')
|-
| '''dropek &lt;u&gt;jwabeni&lt;/u&gt;'''....''war &lt;u&gt;preparations&lt;/u&gt;'' || modifier noun '''dropek''' (''war'') juxtaposed with the head noun &lt;u&gt;'''jwabeni'''&lt;/u&gt; (''preparations'')
|-
| '''dom &lt;u&gt;yaotpur&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a city &lt;u&gt;bus&lt;/u&gt;'' || modifier noun '''dom''' (''city'') juxtaposed with the head noun &lt;u&gt;'''yaotpur'''&lt;/u&gt; (''bus'')
|-
| '''toj&lt;u&gt;ojfon&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a death &lt;u&gt;wish&lt;/u&gt;'' || modifier noun '''toj''' (''death'') compounded with the head noun '''&lt;u&gt;ojfon&lt;/u&gt;''' (''wish'')
|-
| '''jogat&lt;u&gt;anyaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''youth &lt;u&gt;league&lt;/u&gt;'' || modifier noun '''jogat''' (''youth'') compounded with the head noun '''&lt;u&gt;anyaf&lt;/u&gt;''' (''league'')
|-
| '''maj-moj'''....''a day-and-night'' || two or more equal, opposed nouns hyphenated
|}

: The '''X bi Y''' prepositional construction must always be used for possession by a '''''named''''' person, eg. '''ha tam &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; Sam''' (Sam's house = the house &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; Sam).  The methods of noun linkage otherwise follow the English pattern in most all cases.  Pronominal possession such as ''his car'' is discussed in the section on personal pronouns.  The preposition '''bi'''....''of'' is used in partitive expressions like '''tilzyeb &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; vafil'''....''a glass &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; wine'' (but: '''vafil tilzeb'''....''wine glass'', where ''wine'' modifies ''the glass'' associatively).  More about this and other prepositions or conjunctions can be found in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Prepositions]] or [[Mirad Grammar/Conjunctions]].

: Details on how noun vocabulary is derived appears in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation]].

== Noun Derivational Suffixes ==
: Nouns can be divided into: 
::* '''''simple nouns''''' such as '''pur'''....''vehicle''
::* '''''compound nouns''''' such as '''naadpur'''....''train'' &lt; '''naad'''....''rail'' + '''pur'''....''vehicle''
::* '''''derived nouns''''' such as '''fabyan'''....''forest'' &lt; '''fab'''....''tree'' + '''-yan''', a suffix meaning ''collection''
: Derived nouns are formed by attaching nominal suffixes (and sometimes prefixes)to other words or roots.  A list of nominal suffixes to form derived nouns is shown in the following table.  More can be read about noun derivation in the section on vocabulary-building.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Noun Derivational Suffixes
|- valign=top
! SUFFIX !! MEANING !! BASE ONTO WHICH&lt;br&gt;SUFFIX IS ADDED !! EXAMPLES
|-
| '''-ag''' || big || noun || '''tam''' house → '''tam&lt;u&gt;ag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mansion''&lt;br&gt;'''tyal'''....''meal'' → '''tyal&lt;u&gt;ag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''banquet''&lt;br&gt;'''tilar'''....''spoon'' → '''tilar&lt;u&gt;ag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ladle''
|-
| -'''an''' || abstact quality, -ness, -hood, -ity || adjective stem ||'''vi&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''beautiful'' → '''vi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''beauty''&lt;br&gt;'''yev&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''fair'' → '''yev&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''....''fairness, equity''&lt;br&gt;'''tob&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''human'' → '''tob&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''....''humanity, humanness, manhood''
|- 
| -'''ayg''' || big and cute || noun || '''tam'''....''house'' → '''tam&lt;u&gt;ayg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cozy mansion''&lt;br&gt;'''epet'''....''dog'' → '''epet&lt;u&gt;ayg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wolfie''
|-
| -'''d''' || language, speech, sound || adjective and other stems|| '''Angla'''....''English'' → '''Angla&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;'''....''English (language)''&lt;br&gt;'''Mira'''....''of the world'' → '''Mirad'''....''Mirad (world speech)''&lt;br&gt;'''ape&lt;s&gt;t&lt;/s&gt;'''....''horse'' → '''ape&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;'''....''neigh, whinny''
|-
| -'''ef''' || need of || noun || '''tel'''....''food'' → '''tel&lt;u&gt;ef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hunger''&lt;br&gt;'''ig&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''fast'' → '''ig&lt;u&gt;ef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''emergency''&lt;br&gt;'''til'''....''drink'' → '''til&lt;u&gt;ef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''thirst''
|-
| -'''en''' || present gerund, -ing, -tion, -ment || verb stem ||'''ifi&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''enjoy'' → '''ifi&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;'''....''enjoyment''&lt;br&gt;'''deuz&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''sing'' → '''deuz&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;'''....''singing''&lt;br&gt;'''ax&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....'''act''' → '''ax&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;'''....''action, acting''
|-
| -'''es''' || smaller counterpart thing || noun || '''tom'''....''building'' → '''tom&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt;''' apartment&lt;br&gt;'''saun'''....''kind'' → '''saun&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt;'''....''sample''&lt;br&gt;'''dreuz'''....''poem'' → '''deuz&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt;'''....''stanza''&lt;br&gt;'''mek'''....''dust, powder'' → '''mek&lt;u&gt;es&lt;/u&gt;'''....''speck, gain''
|-
| -'''et''' || smaller counterpart person || noun || '''twob'''....''man'' → '''twob&lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;'''....''boy''&lt;br&gt;'''toyb'''....''woman'' → '''toyb&lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;'''....''girl''
|-
| -'''if''' || love of, -philia || noun || '''tel'''....''food'' → '''tel&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gourmandise''&lt;br&gt;'''doab'''....''homeland'' → '''doab&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''patriotism''&lt;br&gt;'''dyes'''....''book'' → '''dyes&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bibliophilia, love of books''
|-
| -'''ig''' || sudden || noun and verb stem || '''man'''....''light'' → '''man&lt;u&gt;ig&lt;/u&gt;'''....''flash''&lt;br&gt;'''pyex'''....''stroke'' → '''pyexig'''....''swat''&lt;br&gt;'''yopap&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''dive, fly down'' → '''yopap&lt;u&gt;ig&lt;/u&gt;'''....''swoop''
|-
| -'''im''' || room, chamber || various stems || '''fyadil&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to pray'' → '''faydil&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''chapel''&lt;br&gt;'''magel&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to cook'' → '''magel&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''kitchen''&lt;br&gt;'''tof&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to dress'' → '''tof&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''dressing room''
|-
| -'''in''' || doctrine, dogma, -ism || various stems || '''tot'''....''god'' → '''totin'''....''religion, theism''&lt;br&gt;'''otof&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''nude'' → '''otof&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''nudism''&lt;br&gt;'''yufr-'''....'''terror''' → '''yufr&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''terrorism''
|-
| -'''n''' || abstract noun || various stems || '''ze'''....''in the middle of'' → '''zen'''....''center''&lt;br&gt;'''za'''....''in front of'' → '''za&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''face''&lt;br&gt;'''byi'''....''since, starting with'' → '''byi&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''source''&lt;br&gt;'''go'''....''less'' → '''go&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''part'' 
|-
| -'''am''' || house, building || various stems || '''nun-''' merchandise → '''nun&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''store''&lt;br&gt;'''til''' drink → '''til&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bar, tavern''&lt;br&gt;'''fyadil&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to pray'' → '''fyadil&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''church''
|-
| -'''(e)m''' || place || various stems || '''ho-?''' what-? → '''ho&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''where''?&lt;br&gt;'''yex'''....''work'' → '''yex&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''worksite''&lt;br&gt;'''ab'''....''on, above'' → '''ab&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''top, surface''&lt;br&gt;'''ku&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''lateral'' → '''ku&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;'''....''side''
|-
| -'''im''' || room || various stems || '''magel-'''....''cook'' →  '''magel&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''kitchen''
|-
| -'''um''' || compartment, booth || various stems || '''teuzibar'''....''telephone'' → '''teuzibar&lt;u&gt;um&lt;/u&gt;'''....''telephone booth''
|-
| -'''yem''' || enclosure, box || various stems || '''apet'''....''horse'' → '''apet&lt;u&gt;yem&lt;/u&gt;'''....''corral''&lt;br&gt;'''b-'''....''put'' → '''b&lt;u&gt;yem&lt;/u&gt;'''....''position''
|-
| -'''ud''' || offspring, baby of || noun || '''apet'''....''horse'' → '''apet&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''foal''
|-
| -'''og''' || little || noun || '''tab''' body → '''tab&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;''' ''corpuscle''&lt;br&gt;'''apet'''....''horse'' → '''apet&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pony''&lt;br&gt;'''tyal'''....''meal'' → '''tyal&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''snack''&lt;br&gt;'''golbun'''....''cut'' → '''golbun&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cutlet''
|-
| -'''oyg''' || little and cute || noun || '''tam'''....''house'' → '''tam&lt;u&gt;oyg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cottage''&lt;br&gt;'''apayt'''....''chicken'' → '''apayt&lt;u&gt;oyg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''chickadee''&lt;br&gt;'''mimpar'''....''boat'' → '''mirpar&lt;u&gt;oyg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''dingy''
|-
| -'''ar'''&lt;br&gt;'''-ir'''&lt;br&gt;'''-ur''' || instrument, tool, machine, etc. || usu. verb stem || '''p&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to go'' → '''p&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;'''....''car''&lt;br&gt;'''dr&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to write'' → '''drar'''....''pencil''&lt;br&gt;'''gobl&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to cut'' → '''gobl&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''knife''&lt;br&gt;'''yaobl&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to lift up and down'' → '''yaobl&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;'''....''elevator, lift''&lt;br&gt;'''yaobl&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lift, crane''&lt;br&gt;'''dop'''....''military'' → '''dop&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gun''&lt;br&gt;'''dop&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;'''....''machine gun''&lt;br&gt;'''dop&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''artillery, cannon''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| -'''s''' || thing, something, object, the X one || adjective || '''aa''' first → '''aa&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'''....''first one, first thing''&lt;br&gt;'''otwa'''....''unknown'' → '''otwa&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mystery, an unknown''&lt;br&gt;'''tejea'''....''living'' → '''tejea&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'''....''living thing''
|-
| -'''(s)on''' || abstract thing, issue || various stems ||  '''if&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to love'' → '''if&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt;'''....''love''&lt;br&gt;'''ov against''' → '''ov&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt;'''....''obstacle''&lt;br&gt; '''az&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;''' strong → '''az&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt;'''....''force''&lt;br&gt;'''yik&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''difficult'' → '''yik&lt;u&gt;son&lt;/u&gt;'''....''problem''
|-
| -'''(s)un''' || object, thing, result of an action || various stems || '''vyu&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''dirty'' → '''vyu&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spot''&lt;br&gt;'''tamb&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''settle'' → '''tambi&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''settlement''&lt;br&gt;'''gofr&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;''' ''shred'' → '''gofr&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''scrap, shred''&lt;br&gt;'''hyo'''....''not a single'' → '''hyo&lt;u&gt;sun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''not a single thing''
|-
| -'''t''' || person || adjective || '''ea''' second → '''eat'''....''second one, second person''&lt;br&gt;'''fya-'''....''holy'' → '''fya&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''....''holy one, saint''&lt;br&gt;'''ujna'''....''last'' → '''uja&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''....''last one, last person''&lt;br&gt;'''Amerika'''....''American'' → '''Amerika&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''....''an American''
|-
| -'''tun''' || science of, -ology || noun || '''tot'''....''god'' → '''tot&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''theology''&lt;br&gt;'''tob'''....''man'' → '''tob&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''anthropology''&lt;br&gt;'''vob'''....''plant'' → '''vob&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''botany''
|-
| -'''tuyn''' || mythical lore || noun || '''mar'''....''star'' → '''mar&lt;u&gt;tuyn&lt;/u&gt;'''....''astrology''
|-
| -'''tuin''' || theory || noun || '''vyelan'''....''relativity'' → '''vyelan&lt;u&gt;tuin&lt;/u&gt;'''....''theory of relativity''
|-
| -'''tyen''' || skill, craft || noun || '''sur'''....''engine'' → '''sur&lt;u&gt;tyen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''engineering''
|-
| -'''tut''' || scientist, -ologist, -ist || noun || '''tot'''....''god'' → '''tot&lt;u&gt;tut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''theologist''&lt;br&gt;'''tob'''....''man'' → '''tob&lt;u&gt;tut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''anthropologist''&lt;br&gt;'''vob'''....''plant'' → '''vob&lt;u&gt;tut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''botanist''
|-
| -'''uf''' || hate of, -phobia || noun || '''mil''' water → '''mil&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hydrophobia''&lt;br&gt;'''totin'''....''religion'' → '''totin&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hatred of religion''&lt;br&gt; '''toyb'''....''woman'' → '''toyb&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''misogyny''
|-
| -'''ud''' || child of || noun || '''apat'''....''chicken'' → '''apat&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''chick''
|-
| -'''ut''', -'''uyt''' (f.)|| agent, one who Xes, -er, -ant, -ist || verb stem || '''bek&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''treat'' → '''bek&lt;u&gt;uyt&lt;/u&gt;'''....''nurse''&lt;br&gt;'''pop&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''travel'' → '''pop&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''traveler''&lt;br&gt;'''ak&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''win'' → '''ak&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''winner''
|-
| -'''yaf''' (or) -'''yafan'''|| ability to, power, -ability || verb stem || '''teat&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to see'' → '''teat&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ability to see''&lt;br&gt;'''tex&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to think'' → '''tex&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cognition''&lt;br&gt;'''test&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to understand'' → '''test&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''comprehension''&lt;br&gt;'''nos&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to spend'' → '''nos&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spending power''&lt;br&gt;'''t&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to know'' → '''t&lt;u&gt;yaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''conscience''
|-
| -'''yafwan''' || possibility, -ability || verb stem || '''teat&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to see'' → '''teat&lt;u&gt;yafwan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''visibility''
|-
| -'''yof''' || inability to, disability || verb stem || '''teat&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to see'' → '''teat&lt;u&gt;yof&lt;/u&gt;'''....''blindness''&lt;br&gt;'''teet&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to hear'' → '''teet&lt;u&gt;yof&lt;/u&gt;'''....''deafness''&lt;br&gt;'''pas&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to move'' → '''pas&lt;u&gt;yof&lt;/u&gt;'''....''paralysis''&lt;br&gt;'''tuj&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to sleep'' → '''tuj&lt;u&gt;yof&lt;/u&gt;'''....''insomnia''
|-
| -'''yofwan''' || impossibility || verb stem || '''teat&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to see'' → '''teat&lt;u&gt;yofwan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''invisibility''
|- 
| -'''yag''' || big and ugly || noun || '''tetwid'''....''uncle'' → '''tetwid&lt;u&gt;yag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''dirty old uncle''&lt;br&gt;'''toyb'''....''woman'' → '''toyb&lt;u&gt;yag&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hag''
|-
| -'''yan''' || collection, grouping, -ary || noun || '''tob'''....''man'' → '''tob&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mankind''&lt;br&gt;'''mar'''....''star'' → '''mar&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''constellation''&lt;br&gt;'''fab'''....''tree'' → '''fab&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''forest''&lt;br&gt;'''dyes'''....''book'' → '''dyes&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''library''
|-
| -'''yef''' || duty to || verb stem || '''dud&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to answer'' → '''dud&lt;u&gt;yef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''responsibility''&lt;br&gt;'''byok&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to ache'' → '''byok&lt;u&gt;yef&lt;/u&gt;'''....''punishment''
|-
| -'''yik''' || difficulty to || verb stem || '''teet&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to hear''  → '''teet&lt;u&gt;yik&lt;/u&gt;'''....''difficulty hearing''&lt;br&gt;'''tiex&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''to breathe''  → '''tiex&lt;u&gt;yik&lt;/u&gt;'''....''difficulty breathing, asthma''&lt;br&gt;
|-
| -'''yog''' || little and ugly || noun || '''tam'''....''house'' → '''tam&lt;u&gt;yog&lt;/u&gt;'''....''shack''&lt;br&gt;'''epat'''....''duck'' → '''epat&lt;u&gt;yog&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ugly duckling''&lt;br&gt;'''kod'''....''secret'' → '''kod&lt;u&gt;yog&lt;/u&gt;'''....''little dirty secret''
|- 
| -'''yuf''' || fear of, -phobia || noun || '''lopyet'''....''snake'' → '''lopyet&lt;u&gt;yuf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''fear of snakes''&lt;br&gt;'''mil'''....''water''  → '''mil&lt;u&gt;yuf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hyrophobia''
|-
| -'''yuk''' || ease of || verb stem || '''pes&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;''' ''to wait''  → '''pes&lt;u&gt;yuk&lt;/u&gt;'''....''patience''&lt;br&gt;'''kovyox&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;''' ''to fool''  → '''kovyox&lt;u&gt;yuk&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gullibility, foolhardiness''&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Gender ==
: Nouns in Mirad are gender-neutral, unless those relating to people, animals, and sometimes clothing are altered to be specifically male/male-oriented or female/female-oriented.  To create the male or male-oriented form of an otherwise gender-neutral noun, prefix the vowel of the semantically-significant syllable with the letter '''w'''.  To create the female or female-oriented form, suffix the vowel of the semantically-significant syllable with '''y'''.  If the noun is an agent noun with the suffix '''-ut''', that is, a noun that means &quot;one who does something as an occupation or behavior&quot;, the ending '''-ut''' is changed to '''-uyt''' for the female form, but the male form stays the same.  The reason for this is that the addition of a '''w''' to the agentive ending could be confused with the verbal passive marker '''w''' (see the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs]].  The chart below shows how this works:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Making Nouns Gender-specific
|-
! NEUTRAL !! MALE/MALE-ORIENTED !! FEMALE/FEMALE-ORIENTED
|-
| '''tob'''....''human being, person'' || '''twob'''....''man'' || '''toyb'''....''woman''
|-
| '''tobet'''....''child'' || '''twobet'''....''boy'' || '''toybet'''....''girl''
|-
| '''tad'''....''spouse'' || '''twad'''....''husband'' || '''tayd'''....''wife''
|-
| '''ejtad'''....''step spouse'' || '''ejtwad'''....''step-husband'' || '''ejtayd'''....''step-wife''
|-
| '''ajtad'''....''ex-spouse'' || '''ajtwad'''....''ex-husband'' || '''ajtayd'''....''ex-wife''
|-
| '''ted'''....''parent'' || '''twed'''....''father'' || '''teyd'''....''mother''
|-
| '''datif'''....''sweetheart'' || '''dwatif'''....''boyfriend'' || '''daytif'''....''girlfriend''
|-
| '''yapet'''....''pig''|| '''yapwet'''....''boar'' || '''yapeyt'''....''sow''
|-
| '''edeb'''....''monarch'' || '''edweb'''....''king'' || '''edeyb'''....''queen''
|-
| '''apat'''....''fowl'' || '''apwat'''....''rooster'' || '''apayt'''....''hen''
|-
| '''tiuv'''....''underwear'' || '''tiwuv'''....''briefs'' || '''tiuyv'''....''panties''
|-
| '''vapet'''....''antelope'' || '''vapwet'''....''deer'' || '''vapeyt'''....''doe''
|-
| '''deuzut'''....''singer'' || '''deuzut'''....''singer'' || '''deuzuyt'''....''songstress''
|-
| '''tud'''....''child'' || '''twud'''....''son'' || '''tuyd'''....''daughter''
|}

: For gender specification in pronouns, see [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns]], below).


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Phonotactics|Adjectives|TOC mini}}</text>
      <sha1>hmmdbxeyd26mvmd66w0u732exwi5svv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Adjectives</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417645</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088392</id>
      <parentid>4084594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:09:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Adjectival Derivational Endings */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15369" xml:space="preserve">= Adjectives =
: Adjectives, which are words that modify nouns,  can be of the following types and subcategories:
::* descriptive
:::# qualitative, like '''iva''' (''happy''), '''fia''' (''good''), '''oga''' (''small'')
:::# denominal ( ~ noun-derived), like '''doma''' (''urban'') &lt; '''dom''' (''city'') or '''teaba''' (''ocular'') &lt; '''teab''' (''eye'')
:::# deverbal ( ~ verb-derived), (participles) like '''tejea''' (''living'') &lt; '''tejer''' (''to live'') or '''twa''' (''known'') &lt; '''ter''' (''to know'')
:::# preposition-derived, like '''aba''' (''upper'') &lt; '''ab'''....''on top of'' or '''zoa''' (''posterior'') &lt; '''zo''' (''behind'')
::* determinative
:::# deictic ( ~ demonstrative, indefinite), like '''hia''' (''this''), '''huyena''' (''such''), '''haewa''' (''both'')
:::# numeric, like '''awa''' (''one''), '''ea''' (''second''), '''iona''' (''triple'')
:::# quantitative, like '''ga''' (''more''), '''glo''' (''few''), '''gra''' (''too much'')
:::# pronominal ( ~ possessive), like '''ata''' (''my''), '''hota?''' (''whose''), '''hyeta''' (''anyone's'')

: Descriptive adjectives are the main focus of this section.  Determinative adjectives (determiners) behave differently and are discussed under [[Mirad_Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]].  Deverbal adjectives, usually referred to as '''''participles''''', are treated in the section on [[Mirad_Grammar/Verbs|Verbs]], since they are formed from verbs.  Pronominal determiners (i.e. possessive adjectives) are treated under both the section on [[Mirad_Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]] and the section on [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].

: All descriptive adjectives end in the adjectival marker vowel '''a'''.
::* '''fi-''' (qualitative root base word) ⇒ '''fia'''....''good''
::* '''pur''' (noun meaning ''vehicle'') ⇒ '''pura'''....''vehicular''
::* '''dalw-''' (passive stem of the verb ''speak'') ⇒ '''dalwa'''....''spoken''
::* '''ab''' (preposition meaning ''on'') ⇒ '''aba'''....''superior''

: Such adjectives precede the noun or noun phrase they modify:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;aga&lt;/u&gt; tam'''....''a &lt;u&gt;big&lt;/u&gt; house''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;fia&lt;/u&gt; toyb'''....''the &lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt; woman''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;boka&lt;/u&gt; twed'''....''my &lt;u&gt;sick&lt;/u&gt; father''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;fia&lt;/u&gt; telsyeb bi vafil.'''....''a &lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt; bottle of wine''
::* '''yata &lt;u&gt;dooba&lt;/u&gt; doof'''....''our &lt;u&gt;national&lt;/u&gt; flag''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;tejea&lt;/u&gt; tyedi.'''....''my &lt;u&gt;living&lt;/u&gt; relatives''

:: '''doba xeut'''....''state agent'' can also be expressed as the noun compound '''dobxeut'''.  '''Dob''' means ''a state.''
:: '''pata bok'''....''avian illness'' can be compounded as  '''patbok''', literally '''bird illness.'''

: Note: Compounded nouns often have an idiomatic meaning not exactly equal to their separate parts.  More about this in the later section on vocabulary-building.


== Modification of Descriptive Adjectives by Degree ==

: As in English, descriptive adjectives can be modified by degree.  To do this, a quantitative determiner of degree ('''ga''', '''ge''', etc.) is placed before the adjective, producing positive / negative comparative, equalitative, superlative, and other degree expressions as in the following table.  The quantitative determiners themselves that are used in these comparative expressions are discussed in detail in a later section on [[Mirad_Grammar/Determiners#Quantitative Determiners|Quantitative Determiners]].

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Modification of Adjectives by Degree
|-
! QUANTITATIVE DETERMINER !! MODIFICATION BY DEGREE
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''ga fia (vyel)'''....''better (than)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, equally'' || '''ge fia (vyel)'''....''as good (as)''
|-
| '''go'''....''less'' || '''go fia (vyel)'''....''less good (than)''
|-
| '''gla'''....''very'' || '''gla fia'''....''very good''
|-
| '''glay'''....''so'' || '''glay fia'''....''so good''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather/quite'' || '''gle fia'''....''rather/quite good''
|-
| '''glo'''....''not very'' || '''glo fia'''....''not very/slightly good''
|-
| '''gra'''....''too'' || '''gra fia'''....''too good''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gre fia'''....''good enough, quite good''
|-
| '''gro'''....''not enough'' || '''gro fia'''....''insufficiently good/not good enough''
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwa fia (bi, be)'''....''best (of, in)''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''average'' || '''gwe fia'''....''perfectly good''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwo fia (bi, be)'''....''least good (of, in)''
|}

: The relative conjunction '''vyel''' is used to translate English ''as'' in an equalitative comparison or ''than'' in a non-equalitative comparison.  Examples:

::* '''Ata tam se &lt;u&gt;ga aga vyel&lt;/u&gt; etas.'''....''My house is &lt;u&gt;bigger than&lt;/u&gt; yours.''
::* '''Hia tam voy se &lt;u&gt;ge aga vyel&lt;/u&gt; atas.'''....''This house is not &lt;u&gt;as big as&lt;/u&gt; mine.''
::* '''His se &lt;u&gt;ha gwa aga tam bi&lt;/u&gt; yata yubem.'''....''This is &lt;u&gt;the biggest house in&lt;/u&gt; our neighborhood.''

: Unlike in English, where comparative forms can be irregular (''smaller'', ''more intense'', ''better''), there are no exceptions in the comparison of Mirad adjectives and adverbs.

== Abstract Quality Nouns Derived from Adjectives ==

: Nouns referring to abstract qualities can be derived from qualitative and often other adjectives by suffixing the letter '''n'''.  For example:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deriving Abstract Nouns from Adjectives
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! ABSTRACT QUALITY
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || '''fian'''....''goodness''
|-
| '''yeva'''....''just'' || '''yevan'''....''justice''
|-
| '''uja'''....''final'' || '''ujan'''....''finality''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young'' || '''jogan'''....''youth''
|-
| '''teyda'''....''maternal'' || '''teydan'''....''motherhood, maternity''
|-
| '''dooba'''....''nation'' || '''dooban'''....''nationality''
|-
| '''tojbuwa'''....''lethal'' || '''tojbuwan'''....''lethality''
|}
== Reversing the Semantics of Adjectives ==

: Descriptive adjectives can be negated by prefixing '''o'''.  If the adjective being semantically reversed already begins with the negative prefix '''o''', then the first semantic reversing prefix becomes '''ol'''.  This has the effect of English ''un-'' or ''non-'' in words like ''unlike'', ''unhappy'', and ''nonessential'' or the Greek privative prefix '''a(n)-''' in words like ''asymmetric'' or ''anomalous''.

: Prefixing the syllable '''ov''' has an even stronger semantic effect.  It denotes the polar opposite of the adjective and can mean &quot;anti-&quot;.

: In cases where the '''o-''' creates an ambiguous word, '''lo-''' or '''-ol''' is substituted. Note this in the last two words of the following chart: 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Reversing the Semantics of Adjectives
|-
! NORMAL !! NEGATED
|-
| '''twa'''....''known'' || '''otwa'''....''unknown''
|-
| '''ega'''....''normal'' || '''oega'''....''abnormal''
|-
| '''eflawa'''....''essential'' || '''oeflawa'''....''nonessential''
|-
| '''geyla'''....''similar'' || '''ogeyla'''....''dissimilar''
|-
| '''iva'''....''happy'' || '''oiva'''....''unhappy''
|-
| '''data'''....''friendly'' || '''odata'''....''unfriendly''
|-
| '''data'''....''friendly'' || '''ovdata'''....''inimical''
|-
| '''ifwa'''....''loved'' || '''oifwa'''....''unloved''
|-
| '''fwa'''....''wanted'' || '''lofwa'''....''unwanted''
|-
| '''ofwa'''....''prohibited'' || '''olofwa'''....''unprohibited'' 
|}

== Adjectival Derivational Endings ==
: All descriptive adjectives end in at least the suffix '''a'''.  Many adjectives are derived from other parts of speech, using one of more of the following derivational endings.
:: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Adjectival Derivative Endings
|-
! ENDING !! TRANSITION TYPE !! MEANING !! BASE WORD !! DERIVED ADJECTIVE
|-
| '''-a''' || N-&gt;ADJ ||''relating to, of'' || '''fyaat'''....''god''&lt;br&gt;'''tob'''....''man''&lt;br&gt;'''dom'''....''city'' || '''fyaata'''....''divine''&lt;br&gt;'''toba'''....''human''&lt;br&gt;'''doma'''....''urban''
|-
| '''-aya&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;-ika'''||N-&gt;ADJ||''full of, -ful, -ous'' || '''mil'''....''water''&lt;br&gt;'''meb'''....''mountain''&lt;br&gt;'''tes'''....''meaning'' || '''milaya'''....''watery, aquaous''&lt;br&gt;'''mebika'''....''mountainous''&lt;br&gt;'''tesaya'''....''meaningful''
|-
| '''-oya&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;-uka'''||N-&gt;ADJ||''empty of, -less, -free'' || '''teb'''....''head''&lt;br&gt;'''level'''....''sugar''&lt;br&gt;'''tes'''....''meaning'' || '''teboya'''....''headless''&lt;br&gt;'''leveluka'''....''sugar-free''&lt;br&gt;'''tesoya'''....''meaningless''
|-
| '''-yena'''||N-&gt;ADJ||''like, -ish, -y'' || '''fyaat'''....''god''&lt;br&gt;'''tob'''....''man''&lt;br&gt;'''dom'''....''city'' || '''fyaatyena'''....''godly, godlike''&lt;br&gt;'''tobyena'''....''manly, virile''&lt;br&gt;'''domyena'''....''urbane''
|-
| '''-ea'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-ing, -ent, -ant'' || '''ags-'''....''grow''&lt;br&gt;'''tej-'''....''live''&lt;br&gt;'''kyas-'''....''change'' || '''agsea'''....''growing, crescent''&lt;br&gt;'''tejea'''....''living, alive''&lt;br&gt;'''kyasea'''....''changing, variant''
|-
| '''-yea'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-ive, tending to'' || '''dal-'''....''talk''&lt;br&gt;'''tox-'''....''forget''&lt;br&gt;'''vad-'''....''affirm'' || '''dalyea'''....''talkative''&lt;br&gt;'''toxyea'''....''forgetful''&lt;br&gt;'''vadyea'''....''affirmative''
|-
| '''-wa'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-ed'' || '''dal-'''....''talk''&lt;br&gt;'''tox-'''....''forget''&lt;br&gt;'''vad-'''....''affirm'' || '''dalwa'''....''spoken''&lt;br&gt;'''toxwa'''....''forgotten''&lt;br&gt;'''vadwa'''....''affirmed''
|-
| '''-oa'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-about to, apt to'' || '''toj-'''....''die''&lt;br&gt;'''kyes-'''....''happen''&lt;br&gt;'''tajb-'''....''give birth'' || '''tojoa'''....''moribund''&lt;br&gt;'''kyesoa'''....''imminent''&lt;br&gt;'''tajboa'''....''about to deliver''
|-
| '''-ua'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-able, potentially V'' || '''tojb-'''....''kill''&lt;br&gt;'''bukx-'''....''harm''&lt;br&gt;'''akuj-'''....''succeed'' || '''tojbua'''....''lethal''&lt;br&gt;'''bukxua'''....''dangerous''&lt;br&gt;'''akujua'''....''potentially successful''
|-
| '''-yafa'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-able'' || '''test-'''....''understand'' ||'''testyafa'''....''able to understand''
|-
| '''-yafwa'''||V-ADJ||''-able'' || '''test-'''....''understand''||'''testyafwa'''....''understandable''
|-
| '''-yofa'''||V-ADJ||''unable to'' || '''teat-'''....''see''||'''teatyofa'''....''blind''
|-
| '''-yofwa'''||V-ADJ||''impossible to'' || '''teat-'''....''see''||'''teatyofwa'''....''invisible''
|-
|'''-yuka''' ||V-ADJ||''comfortable Xing'' ||'''pes-'''....''wait''||'''pesyuka'''....''patient''
|-
|'''-yukwa''' ||V-ADJ||''easy to X''||'''test-'''....''understand''||'''testyukwa'''....''clear'' 
|-
|'''-yika''' ||V-ADJ||''hard of Xing'' ||'''teet-'''....''hear''||'''teetyika'''....''hard of hearing''
|-
|'''-yikwa''' ||V-ADJ||''hard to X''||'''teet-'''....''hear''||'''teetyikwa'''....''hard to hear''
|-
|'''-ifa''' ||V-ADJ||''fond of Xing, -phile/-ic'' ||'''t-'''....''know''&lt;br&gt;'''dyes'''....''book''||'''tifa'''....''curious''&lt;br&gt;'''dyesifa'''....''bibliophilic''
|-
|'''-ifwa''' ||V-ADJ||''loved by''||'''tyod-'''....''people''||'''tyodifwa'''....''popular''
|-
|'''-ufa''' ||V-ADJ||''X-hating, -phobic, averse'' ||'''tob-'''....''man''&lt;br&gt;'''yex'''....''work''||'''toybufa'''....''anthrophobic''&lt;br&gt;'''yexufa'''....''lazy, work-averse''
|-
|'''-ufwa''' ||V-ADJ||''hated by''||'''hyat'''....''everyone''||'''hyatufwa'''....''universally hated''
|-
|'''-yifa''' ||V-ADJ||''brave'' ||'''toj'''....''death''||'''tojyifa'''....''brave in the face of death''
|-
|'''-yufa''' ||V-ADJ||''afraid of X''||'''tot'''....''god''||'''totyufa'''....''god-fearing''
|-
|'''-yufwa''' ||V-ADJ||''feared by X''||'''gla'''....''much''||'''glayufwa'''....''much-feared''
|-
|'''-yefa''' ||V-ADJ||''due to X''||'''dud-'''....''answer''||'''dudyefa'''....''answerable, responsible''
|-
|'''-yakwa''' ||V-ADJ||''expected to X''||'''mamil-'''....''rain''||'''mamilyakwa'''....''likely to rain''
|-
|'''-valka''' ||V-ADJ||''-safe, -proof''||'''mil'''....''water''||'''milvalka'''....''waterproof''
|-
|'''-ava''' ||V-ADJ||''pro-X''||'''tej'''....''life''||'''tejava'''....''pro-life''
|-
|'''-eva''' ||V-ADJ||''-neutral''||'''toob'''....''gender''||'''toobeva'''....''gender-neutral''
|-
|'''-ova''' ||V-ADJ||''anti-X''||'''dropek'''....''war''||'''dropekova'''....''anti-war''
|-
|'''-yiva''' ||V-ADJ||''-free''||'''yef'''....''debt''||'''yefyiva'''....''debt-free''
|-
|'''-yuva''' ||V-ADJ||''-bound''||'''yef'''....''duty''&lt;br&gt;'''vya-'''....''truth''&lt;br&gt;'''dofin'''....''moral''||'''yefyuva'''....''duty-bound''&lt;br&gt;'''vyayuva'''....''loyal''&lt;br&gt;'''dofinyuva'''....''scrupulous''
|-
|'''-aza''' ||V-ADJ||''strong-Xed''||'''fon'''....''will''&lt;br&gt;'''tip'''....''temperament''||'''fonaza'''....''strong-willed''&lt;br&gt;'''tipaza'''....''stern''
|-
|'''-oza''' ||V-ADJ||''weak-Xed''||'''tip'''....''temperament''||'''tipoza'''....''weak-hearted''
|-
|'''-iza''' ||V-ADJ||''straight-Xed''||'''tep'''....''mind''&lt;br&gt;'''dal'''....''speech''||'''tepiza'''....''logical''&lt;br&gt;'''daliza'''....''frank''
|-
|'''-uza''' ||V-ADJ||''crooked-Xed''||'''tep'''....''mind''&lt;br&gt;'''dal'''....''speech''||'''tepuza'''....''illogical''&lt;br&gt;'''daluza'''....''devious''
|-
|'''-oka''' ||V-ADJ||''absent-Xed''||'''tad'''....''spouse''&lt;br&gt;'''ted'''....''parent''||'''tadoka'''....''widowed''&lt;br&gt;'''tedoka'''....''orphaned''
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Nouns|Adverbs}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominalization of Adjectives ==

: Adjectives can be pronominalized (converted to a pronoun) by adding '''s''' for ''things'' and '''t''' for ''persons''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized by suffixing the plural marker '''i'''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Pronominalization of Adjectives
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN&lt;br&gt;(THING) !! ANIMATE PRONOUN&lt;br&gt;(PERSON)
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || '''fias'''....''a good thing''&lt;br&gt;'''fiasi'''....''good things'' || '''fiat'''....''a good person''&lt;br&gt;'''fiati'''....''good persons''
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agas'''....''something big''&lt;br&gt;'''agasi'''....''big ones'' || '''agat'''....''a big person''&lt;br&gt;'''agati'''....''big persons''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young, new'' || '''jogas'''....''something new, novelty''&lt;br&gt;'''jogasi'''....''new ones'' || '''yogat'''....''young person, youth''&lt;br&gt; '''yogati'''....''youngsters''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old'' || '''jagas'''....''antique''&lt;br&gt;'''jagasi'''....''old ones'' || '''jagat'''....''elderly person''&lt;br&gt;'''jagati'''....''oldsters''
|-
| '''awa'''....''one''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa'''....''two'' || '''awas'''....''one (of them)''&lt;br&gt;'''ewasi'''....''two (of them)'' || '''awat'''....''one (of them)''&lt;br&gt;'''ewati'''....''two of them''
|-
| '''hia'''....''this'' || '''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these (things)'' || '''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these''
|-
| '''gla'''....''much, many'' || '''glas'''....''a lot (of stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glasi'''....''many (things)'' || &lt;br&gt;'''glati'''....''many (people)''
|}

: Examples:

::* '''Hia tyoyaf se gro aga.  At fu &lt;u&gt;ga agas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This shoe is not big enough.  I'd like &lt;u&gt;a bigger one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yat fu daler bay &lt;u&gt;ha gwa jogati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We would like to speak with &lt;u&gt;the youngest ones&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At fe teaxer ha &lt;u&gt;jogas&lt;/u&gt;, voy ha jagas.'''....''I want to look at the &lt;u&gt;new one&lt;/u&gt;, not the old one.''
::* '''Ha ujnati so &lt;u&gt;ha ijnati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The last shall be &lt;u&gt;the first&lt;/u&gt;.''

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Nouns|Adverbs |TOC mini}}</text>
      <sha1>m1cf2nc15vq6k3c4bpfkoxsez5y2g9k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088393</id>
      <parentid>4088392</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:10:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Adjectives */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15359" xml:space="preserve">= Adjectives =
: Adjectives, which are words that modify nouns,  can be of the following types and subcategories:
::* descriptive
:::# qualitative, like '''iva''' (''happy''), '''fia''' (''good''), '''oga''' (''small'')
:::# denominal ( ~ noun-derived), like '''doma''' (''urban'') &lt; '''dom''' (''city'') or '''teaba''' (''ocular'') &lt; '''teab''' (''eye'')
:::# deverbal ( ~ verb-derived), (participles) like '''tejea''' (''living'') &lt; '''tejer''' (''to live'') or '''twa''' (''known'') &lt; '''ter''' (''to know'')
:::# preposition-derived, like '''aba''' (''upper'') &lt; '''ab'''....''on top of'' or '''zoa''' (''posterior'') &lt; '''zo''' (''behind'')
::* determinative
:::# deictic ( ~ demonstrative, indefinite), like '''hia''' (''this''), '''huyena''' (''such''), '''haewa''' (''both'')
:::# numeric, like '''awa''' (''one''), '''ea''' (''second''), '''iona''' (''triple'')
:::# quantitative, like '''ga''' (''more''), '''glo''' (''few''), '''gra''' (''too much'')
:::# pronominal ( ~ possessive), like '''ata''' (''my''), '''hota?''' (''whose''), '''hyeta''' (''anyone's'')

: Descriptive adjectives are the main focus of this section.  Determinative adjectives (determiners) behave differently and are discussed under [[Mirad_Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]].  Deverbal adjectives, usually referred to as '''''participles''''', are treated in the section on [[Mirad_Grammar/Verbs|Verbs]], since they are formed from verbs.  Pronominal determiners (i.e. possessive adjectives) are treated under both the section on [[Mirad_Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]] and the section on [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].

: All descriptive adjectives end in the adjectival marker vowel '''a'''.
::* '''fi-''' (qualitative root base word) ⇒ '''fia'''....''good''
::* '''pur''' (noun meaning ''vehicle'') ⇒ '''pura'''....''vehicular''
::* '''dalw-''' (passive stem of the verb ''speak'') ⇒ '''dalwa'''....''spoken''
::* '''ab''' (preposition meaning ''on'') ⇒ '''aba'''....''superior''

: Such adjectives precede the noun or noun phrase they modify:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;aga&lt;/u&gt; tam'''....''a &lt;u&gt;big&lt;/u&gt; house''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;fia&lt;/u&gt; toyb'''....''the &lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt; woman''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;boka&lt;/u&gt; twed'''....''my &lt;u&gt;sick&lt;/u&gt; father''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;fia&lt;/u&gt; telsyeb bi vafil.'''....''a &lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt; bottle of wine''
::* '''yata &lt;u&gt;dooba&lt;/u&gt; doof'''....''our &lt;u&gt;national&lt;/u&gt; flag''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;tejea&lt;/u&gt; tyedi.'''....''my &lt;u&gt;living&lt;/u&gt; relatives''

:: '''doba xeut'''....''state agent'' can also be expressed as the noun compound '''dobxeut'''.  '''Dob''' means ''a state.''
:: '''pata bok'''....''avian illness'' can be compounded as  '''patbok''', literally '''bird illness.'''

: Note: Compounded nouns often have an idiomatic meaning not exactly equal to their separate parts.  More about this in the later section on vocabulary-building.


== Modification of Descriptive Adjectives by Degree ==

: As in English, descriptive adjectives can be modified by degree.  To do this, a quantitative determiner of degree ('''ga''', '''ge''', etc.) is placed before the adjective, producing positive / negative comparative, equalitative, superlative, and other degree expressions as in the following table.  The quantitative determiners themselves that are used in these comparative expressions are discussed in detail in a later section on [[Mirad_Grammar/Determiners#Quantitative Determiners|Quantitative Determiners]].

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Modification of Adjectives by Degree
|-
! QUANTITATIVE DETERMINER !! MODIFICATION BY DEGREE
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''ga fia (vyel)'''....''better (than)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, equally'' || '''ge fia (vyel)'''....''as good (as)''
|-
| '''go'''....''less'' || '''go fia (vyel)'''....''less good (than)''
|-
| '''gla'''....''very'' || '''gla fia'''....''very good''
|-
| '''glay'''....''so'' || '''glay fia'''....''so good''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather/quite'' || '''gle fia'''....''rather/quite good''
|-
| '''glo'''....''not very'' || '''glo fia'''....''not very/slightly good''
|-
| '''gra'''....''too'' || '''gra fia'''....''too good''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gre fia'''....''good enough, quite good''
|-
| '''gro'''....''not enough'' || '''gro fia'''....''insufficiently good/not good enough''
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwa fia (bi, be)'''....''best (of, in)''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''average'' || '''gwe fia'''....''perfectly good''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwo fia (bi, be)'''....''least good (of, in)''
|}

: The relative conjunction '''vyel''' is used to translate English ''as'' in an equalitative comparison or ''than'' in a non-equalitative comparison.  Examples:

::* '''Ata tam se &lt;u&gt;ga aga vyel&lt;/u&gt; etas.'''....''My house is &lt;u&gt;bigger than&lt;/u&gt; yours.''
::* '''Hia tam voy se &lt;u&gt;ge aga vyel&lt;/u&gt; atas.'''....''This house is not &lt;u&gt;as big as&lt;/u&gt; mine.''
::* '''His se &lt;u&gt;ha gwa aga tam bi&lt;/u&gt; yata yubem.'''....''This is &lt;u&gt;the biggest house in&lt;/u&gt; our neighborhood.''

: Unlike in English, where comparative forms can be irregular (''smaller'', ''more intense'', ''better''), there are no exceptions in the comparison of Mirad adjectives and adverbs.

== Abstract Quality Nouns Derived from Adjectives ==

: Nouns referring to abstract qualities can be derived from qualitative and often other adjectives by suffixing the letter '''n'''.  For example:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deriving Abstract Nouns from Adjectives
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! ABSTRACT QUALITY
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || '''fian'''....''goodness''
|-
| '''yeva'''....''just'' || '''yevan'''....''justice''
|-
| '''uja'''....''final'' || '''ujan'''....''finality''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young'' || '''jogan'''....''youth''
|-
| '''teyda'''....''maternal'' || '''teydan'''....''motherhood, maternity''
|-
| '''dooba'''....''nation'' || '''dooban'''....''nationality''
|-
| '''tojbuwa'''....''lethal'' || '''tojbuwan'''....''lethality''
|}
== Reversing the Semantics of Adjectives ==

: Descriptive adjectives can be negated by prefixing '''o'''.  If the adjective being semantically reversed already begins with the negative prefix '''o''', then the first semantic reversing prefix becomes '''ol'''.  This has the effect of English ''un-'' or ''non-'' in words like ''unlike'', ''unhappy'', and ''nonessential'' or the Greek privative prefix '''a(n)-''' in words like ''asymmetric'' or ''anomalous''.

: Prefixing the syllable '''ov''' has an even stronger semantic effect.  It denotes the polar opposite of the adjective and can mean &quot;anti-&quot;.

: In cases where the '''o-''' creates an ambiguous word, '''lo-''' or '''-ol''' is substituted. Note this in the last two words of the following chart: 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Reversing the Semantics of Adjectives
|-
! NORMAL !! NEGATED
|-
| '''twa'''....''known'' || '''otwa'''....''unknown''
|-
| '''ega'''....''normal'' || '''oega'''....''abnormal''
|-
| '''eflawa'''....''essential'' || '''oeflawa'''....''nonessential''
|-
| '''geyla'''....''similar'' || '''ogeyla'''....''dissimilar''
|-
| '''iva'''....''happy'' || '''oiva'''....''unhappy''
|-
| '''data'''....''friendly'' || '''odata'''....''unfriendly''
|-
| '''data'''....''friendly'' || '''ovdata'''....''inimical''
|-
| '''ifwa'''....''loved'' || '''oifwa'''....''unloved''
|-
| '''fwa'''....''wanted'' || '''lofwa'''....''unwanted''
|-
| '''ofwa'''....''prohibited'' || '''olofwa'''....''unprohibited'' 
|}

== Adjectival Derivational Endings ==
: All descriptive adjectives end in at least the suffix '''a'''.  Many adjectives are derived from other parts of speech, using one of more of the following derivational endings.
:: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Adjectival Derivative Endings
|-
! ENDING !! TRANSITION TYPE !! MEANING !! BASE WORD !! DERIVED ADJECTIVE
|-
| '''-a''' || N-&gt;ADJ ||''relating to, of'' || '''fyaat'''....''god''&lt;br&gt;'''tob'''....''man''&lt;br&gt;'''dom'''....''city'' || '''fyaata'''....''divine''&lt;br&gt;'''toba'''....''human''&lt;br&gt;'''doma'''....''urban''
|-
| '''-aya&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;-ika'''||N-&gt;ADJ||''full of, -ful, -ous'' || '''mil'''....''water''&lt;br&gt;'''meb'''....''mountain''&lt;br&gt;'''tes'''....''meaning'' || '''milaya'''....''watery, aquaous''&lt;br&gt;'''mebika'''....''mountainous''&lt;br&gt;'''tesaya'''....''meaningful''
|-
| '''-oya&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;-uka'''||N-&gt;ADJ||''empty of, -less, -free'' || '''teb'''....''head''&lt;br&gt;'''level'''....''sugar''&lt;br&gt;'''tes'''....''meaning'' || '''teboya'''....''headless''&lt;br&gt;'''leveluka'''....''sugar-free''&lt;br&gt;'''tesoya'''....''meaningless''
|-
| '''-yena'''||N-&gt;ADJ||''like, -ish, -y'' || '''fyaat'''....''god''&lt;br&gt;'''tob'''....''man''&lt;br&gt;'''dom'''....''city'' || '''fyaatyena'''....''godly, godlike''&lt;br&gt;'''tobyena'''....''manly, virile''&lt;br&gt;'''domyena'''....''urbane''
|-
| '''-ea'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-ing, -ent, -ant'' || '''ags-'''....''grow''&lt;br&gt;'''tej-'''....''live''&lt;br&gt;'''kyas-'''....''change'' || '''agsea'''....''growing, crescent''&lt;br&gt;'''tejea'''....''living, alive''&lt;br&gt;'''kyasea'''....''changing, variant''
|-
| '''-yea'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-ive, tending to'' || '''dal-'''....''talk''&lt;br&gt;'''tox-'''....''forget''&lt;br&gt;'''vad-'''....''affirm'' || '''dalyea'''....''talkative''&lt;br&gt;'''toxyea'''....''forgetful''&lt;br&gt;'''vadyea'''....''affirmative''
|-
| '''-wa'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-ed'' || '''dal-'''....''talk''&lt;br&gt;'''tox-'''....''forget''&lt;br&gt;'''vad-'''....''affirm'' || '''dalwa'''....''spoken''&lt;br&gt;'''toxwa'''....''forgotten''&lt;br&gt;'''vadwa'''....''affirmed''
|-
| '''-oa'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-about to, apt to'' || '''toj-'''....''die''&lt;br&gt;'''kyes-'''....''happen''&lt;br&gt;'''tajb-'''....''give birth'' || '''tojoa'''....''moribund''&lt;br&gt;'''kyesoa'''....''imminent''&lt;br&gt;'''tajboa'''....''about to deliver''
|-
| '''-ua'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-able, potentially V'' || '''tojb-'''....''kill''&lt;br&gt;'''bukx-'''....''harm''&lt;br&gt;'''akuj-'''....''succeed'' || '''tojbua'''....''lethal''&lt;br&gt;'''bukxua'''....''dangerous''&lt;br&gt;'''akujua'''....''potentially successful''
|-
| '''-yafa'''||V-&gt;ADJ||''-able'' || '''test-'''....''understand'' ||'''testyafa'''....''able to understand''
|-
| '''-yafwa'''||V-ADJ||''-able'' || '''test-'''....''understand''||'''testyafwa'''....''understandable''
|-
| '''-yofa'''||V-ADJ||''unable to'' || '''teat-'''....''see''||'''teatyofa'''....''blind''
|-
| '''-yofwa'''||V-ADJ||''impossible to'' || '''teat-'''....''see''||'''teatyofwa'''....''invisible''
|-
|'''-yuka''' ||V-ADJ||''comfortable Xing'' ||'''pes-'''....''wait''||'''pesyuka'''....''patient''
|-
|'''-yukwa''' ||V-ADJ||''easy to X''||'''test-'''....''understand''||'''testyukwa'''....''clear'' 
|-
|'''-yika''' ||V-ADJ||''hard of Xing'' ||'''teet-'''....''hear''||'''teetyika'''....''hard of hearing''
|-
|'''-yikwa''' ||V-ADJ||''hard to X''||'''teet-'''....''hear''||'''teetyikwa'''....''hard to hear''
|-
|'''-ifa''' ||V-ADJ||''fond of Xing, -phile/-ic'' ||'''t-'''....''know''&lt;br&gt;'''dyes'''....''book''||'''tifa'''....''curious''&lt;br&gt;'''dyesifa'''....''bibliophilic''
|-
|'''-ifwa''' ||V-ADJ||''loved by''||'''tyod-'''....''people''||'''tyodifwa'''....''popular''
|-
|'''-ufa''' ||V-ADJ||''X-hating, -phobic, averse'' ||'''tob-'''....''man''&lt;br&gt;'''yex'''....''work''||'''toybufa'''....''anthrophobic''&lt;br&gt;'''yexufa'''....''lazy, work-averse''
|-
|'''-ufwa''' ||V-ADJ||''hated by''||'''hyat'''....''everyone''||'''hyatufwa'''....''universally hated''
|-
|'''-yifa''' ||V-ADJ||''brave'' ||'''toj'''....''death''||'''tojyifa'''....''brave in the face of death''
|-
|'''-yufa''' ||V-ADJ||''afraid of X''||'''tot'''....''god''||'''totyufa'''....''god-fearing''
|-
|'''-yufwa''' ||V-ADJ||''feared by X''||'''gla'''....''much''||'''glayufwa'''....''much-feared''
|-
|'''-yefa''' ||V-ADJ||''due to X''||'''dud-'''....''answer''||'''dudyefa'''....''answerable, responsible''
|-
|'''-yakwa''' ||V-ADJ||''expected to X''||'''mamil-'''....''rain''||'''mamilyakwa'''....''likely to rain''
|-
|'''-valka''' ||V-ADJ||''-safe, -proof''||'''mil'''....''water''||'''milvalka'''....''waterproof''
|-
|'''-ava''' ||V-ADJ||''pro-X''||'''tej'''....''life''||'''tejava'''....''pro-life''
|-
|'''-eva''' ||V-ADJ||''-neutral''||'''toob'''....''gender''||'''toobeva'''....''gender-neutral''
|-
|'''-ova''' ||V-ADJ||''anti-X''||'''dropek'''....''war''||'''dropekova'''....''anti-war''
|-
|'''-yiva''' ||V-ADJ||''-free''||'''yef'''....''debt''||'''yefyiva'''....''debt-free''
|-
|'''-yuva''' ||V-ADJ||''-bound''||'''yef'''....''duty''&lt;br&gt;'''vya-'''....''truth''&lt;br&gt;'''dofin'''....''moral''||'''yefyuva'''....''duty-bound''&lt;br&gt;'''vyayuva'''....''loyal''&lt;br&gt;'''dofinyuva'''....''scrupulous''
|-
|'''-aza''' ||V-ADJ||''strong-Xed''||'''fon'''....''will''&lt;br&gt;'''tip'''....''temperament''||'''fonaza'''....''strong-willed''&lt;br&gt;'''tipaza'''....''stern''
|-
|'''-oza''' ||V-ADJ||''weak-Xed''||'''tip'''....''temperament''||'''tipoza'''....''weak-hearted''
|-
|'''-iza''' ||V-ADJ||''straight-Xed''||'''tep'''....''mind''&lt;br&gt;'''dal'''....''speech''||'''tepiza'''....''logical''&lt;br&gt;'''daliza'''....''frank''
|-
|'''-uza''' ||V-ADJ||''crooked-Xed''||'''tep'''....''mind''&lt;br&gt;'''dal'''....''speech''||'''tepuza'''....''illogical''&lt;br&gt;'''daluza'''....''devious''
|-
|'''-oka''' ||V-ADJ||''absent-Xed''||'''tad'''....''spouse''&lt;br&gt;'''ted'''....''parent''||'''tadoka'''....''widowed''&lt;br&gt;'''tedoka'''....''orphaned''
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Nouns|Adverbs}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominalization of Adjectives ==

: Adjectives can be pronominalized (converted to a pronoun) by adding '''s''' for ''things'' and '''t''' for ''persons''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized by suffixing the plural marker '''i'''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Pronominalization of Adjectives
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN&lt;br&gt;(THING) !! ANIMATE PRONOUN&lt;br&gt;(PERSON)
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || '''fias'''....''a good thing''&lt;br&gt;'''fiasi'''....''good things'' || '''fiat'''....''a good person''&lt;br&gt;'''fiati'''....''good persons''
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agas'''....''something big''&lt;br&gt;'''agasi'''....''big ones'' || '''agat'''....''a big person''&lt;br&gt;'''agati'''....''big persons''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young, new'' || '''jogas'''....''something new, novelty''&lt;br&gt;'''jogasi'''....''new ones'' || '''yogat'''....''young person, youth''&lt;br&gt; '''yogati'''....''youngsters''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old'' || '''jagas'''....''antique''&lt;br&gt;'''jagasi'''....''old ones'' || '''jagat'''....''elderly person''&lt;br&gt;'''jagati'''....''oldsters''
|-
| '''awa'''....''one''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa'''....''two'' || '''awas'''....''one (of them)''&lt;br&gt;'''ewasi'''....''two (of them)'' || '''awat'''....''one (of them)''&lt;br&gt;'''ewati'''....''two of them''
|-
| '''hia'''....''this'' || '''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these (things)'' || '''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these''
|-
| '''gla'''....''much, many'' || '''glas'''....''a lot (of stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glasi'''....''many (things)'' || &lt;br&gt;'''glati'''....''many (people)''
|}

: Examples:

::* '''Hia tyoyaf se gro aga.  At fu &lt;u&gt;ga agas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This shoe is not big enough.  I'd like &lt;u&gt;a bigger one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yat fu daler bay &lt;u&gt;ha gwa jogati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We would like to speak with &lt;u&gt;the youngest ones&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At fe teaxer ha &lt;u&gt;jogas&lt;/u&gt;, voy ha jagas.'''....''I want to look at the &lt;u&gt;new one&lt;/u&gt;, not the old one.''
::* '''Ha ujnati so &lt;u&gt;ha ijnati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The last shall be &lt;u&gt;the first&lt;/u&gt;.''

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Nouns|Adverbs}}</text>
      <sha1>bwavpn1s733inewj6zurdu62kafnpwr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Adverbs</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417646</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088394</id>
      <parentid>4084599</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:11:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Adverbs */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8595" xml:space="preserve">= Adverbs  =

: Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

== Derived Adverbs ==

: Adverbs can be derived from descriptive adjectives by adding '''y''' to the '''a''' ending.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Derived Adverbs
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! ADVERB
|-
| '''fi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''good'' || '''fi&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''well''
|-
| '''yev&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''fair'' || '''yev&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''fairly''
|-
| '''uj&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''final'' || '''uj&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''finally''
|-
| '''jog&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''new'' || '''jog&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''newly''
|-
| '''teyd&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''maternal'' || '''teyd&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''maternally''
|}

: At the end of sentences or clauses, common one-syllable-stem adverbs can be shortened by removing the '''ay''' ending:

::* '''Iyt deuze &lt;u&gt;fi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She sings &lt;u&gt;well&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At upo &lt;u&gt;ig&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I'll come &lt;u&gt;quickly&lt;/u&gt;.''

: Otherwise, the full adverb form is used, eg.:

::* '''Weti yefe &lt;u&gt;ugay&lt;/u&gt; fiaser.'''....''You guys must &lt;u&gt;slowly&lt;/u&gt; improve.''
::* '''At tojo &lt;u&gt;ivay&lt;/u&gt;, tea van at beaye fia tej.'''....''I will die &lt;u&gt;happily&lt;/u&gt; knowing that I've had a good life.''

== Inherent Adverbs ==

: There are some words in the language that are inherently adverbs and do not take the '''ay''' ending, because they are not formed from adjectives, or because they already end in '''ay'''.  Here are the most common examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Inherent Adverbs
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yeb'''....''in''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yub'''....''near''|| '''yib'''....''far''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ab&lt;/u&gt;'''....''on''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ayb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''above''|| '''&lt;u&gt;eb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''between''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;eyb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''among'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ob&lt;/u&gt;'''....''off''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;oyb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''under'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt;'''....''toward'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ib&lt;/u&gt;'''....''away''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;bay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''with/along''|| '''&lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt;'''....''by/via'' || '''&lt;u&gt;boy&lt;/u&gt;'''....''without'' || '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt;'''....''as far (as)'' || '''&lt;u&gt;byi&lt;/u&gt;'''....''since''
|-
| '''vay'''....''indeed'' || '''vey'''....''perhaps'' || '''voy'''....''not''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;za&lt;/u&gt;'''....''in front (of)''&lt;br&gt;'''zay'''....''ahead''&lt;br&gt;'''zya'''....''all about'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ze&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to/at the middle (of)''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;zey&lt;/u&gt;'''....''across''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;zye&lt;/u&gt;'''....''through'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zo&lt;/u&gt;'''....''in back (of)''&lt;br&gt;'''zoy'''....''back'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zu&lt;/u&gt;'''....''on the left (of)'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zi&lt;/u&gt;'''....''on the right (of)''
|-
|  ||  ||  || '''uz'''....''on a curve'' || '''iz'''....''straight, directly''
|-
|  ||'''&lt;u&gt;yez&lt;/u&gt;'''....''along''  ||  || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz&lt;/u&gt;'''....''around'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt;'''....''beyond''
|-
| '''gay'''....''also'' || '''gey'''....''even'' || '''goy'''....''no more/except'' || ||
|-
| '''gaj'''....''still'' || || '''goj'''....''no longer'' || ||
|-
| '''yan'''....''together'' || || '''yon'''....''apart'' || ||
|-
| '''jay'''....''beforehand, already'' || '''jey'''....''currently'' || '''joy'''....''afterwards, next'' || ||
|-
| '''vay'''....''really'' || '''vey'''....''maybe'' || '''voy'''....''not'' || ||
|}
: The words in the above chart that are underlined can also serve as prepositions (See [[Mirad Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]]).

: The words underlined below are considered adverbial because they can modify verbs.  For example:

::* '''At teaxa &lt;u&gt;yab&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I looked &lt;u&gt;up&lt;/u&gt;.'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(= '''At yabteaxa.''')
::* '''Duven et hyej upo &lt;u&gt;zoy&lt;/u&gt;?'''.....''Will you ever come &lt;u&gt;back&lt;/u&gt;.'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(= '''...zoyupo?''')
::* '''Et po &lt;u&gt;yib&lt;/u&gt; be tej.'''.....''You will go &lt;u&gt;far&lt;/u&gt; in life.'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(= '''Et yipo...''')
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; se eta ted.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; your father.''
::* '''Pu &lt;u&gt;zu&lt;/u&gt;, jogat!'''....''Go &lt;u&gt;left&lt;/u&gt;, young man!'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(= '''Zupu...''')
::* '''Yat &lt;u&gt;vay&lt;/u&gt; sa hum.'''....''We were &lt;u&gt;indeed&lt;/u&gt; there.''
::* '''It pa &lt;u&gt;oyeb&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He went &lt;u&gt;outside&lt;/u&gt;.'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(= '''It oyepa.''')
::* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;gay&lt;/u&gt; deuze.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;also&lt;/u&gt; sings.''
::* '''Yit yexe &lt;u&gt;gey&lt;/u&gt; be moji.'''....''They work &lt;u&gt;even&lt;/u&gt; nights.''
::* '''Ha tobot &lt;u&gt;gaj&lt;/u&gt; tujeye.'''....''The baby is &lt;u&gt;still&lt;/u&gt; sleeping.''
::* '''Yat yefe yexer &lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We must work &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;.'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(= '''...yanyexer.''')
::* '''His vey upo &lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This may come &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;.'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(= '''...yonupo.''')
::* '''Hit se &lt;u&gt;jay&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''This one is &lt;u&gt;already&lt;/u&gt; dead.''
::* '''Hut se &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''That one is &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; dead.''
::* '''At popeyo &lt;u&gt;zya&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will be traveling &lt;u&gt;all around&lt;/u&gt;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(= '''zyapopeyo.''')

: Many of the above adverbs can be prefixed to verbs, nouns, and even adjectives to indicate motion in various directions. (Keep in mind that the '''b''' or '''p''' can be assimilated to the first letter of '''per''' (''go'') or '''ber''' (''put'').  For example:

::* '''yeb''' (''in'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''per''' (''go'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yeper''' (''to enter'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[NOT: '''yebper'''] 
::* '''oyeb''' (''out'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''bier''' (''take'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''oyebier''' (''to take out'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[NOT: '''oyebbier''']
::* '''yab''' (''up'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''per''' (''go'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yaper''' (''to rise'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[NOT: '''yabper''']
::* '''yob''' (''up'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''kima''' (''sloped'')  &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yobkima''' (''downward-sloping'')
::* '''yub''' (''near'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''per''' (''go'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yuper''' (''to approach'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[NOT: '''yubper''']
::* '''yib''' (''far'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''daler''' (''talk'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yibdaler''' (''to telephone'')
::* '''yiz''' (''beyond'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''per''' (''go'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yizper''' (''to surpass'')
::* '''yez''' (''along'')  &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''per''' (''go'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yezper''' (''to go along'')
::* '''yuz''' (''around'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''pipen''' (''sailing'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yuzpipen''' (''circumnavigation'')
::* '''zay''' (''ahead'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''paser''' (''move'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''zaypaser''' (''to advance'')
::* '''ze''' (''to the middle'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''jaga''' (''aged'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''zejaga''' (''middle-aged'')
::* '''zye''' (''through'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''teatyafwa''' (''visible'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''zyeteatyafa''' (''transparent'')
::* '''zey''' (''across'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''mep''' (''road'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''zeymep''' (''bridge'')
::* '''zoy''' (''back'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''nogea''' (''gradual'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''zoynogea''' (''retrogressive'')
::* '''iz''' (''straight'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''nad''' (''line'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''iznad''' (''vector'')
::* '''zi''' (''to the right'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''kum''' (''side'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''izkum''' (''right side'')
::* '''zu''' (''far'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''tuyab''' (''hand'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''zutuyaba''' (''left-handed'')
::* '''uz''' (''on a curve'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''nad''' (''line'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''uznad''' (''curve'')
::* '''yan''' (''together'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''up''' (''come'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yanup''' (''a meeting'')
::* '''yon''' (''apart'') &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; '''ber''' (''put'') &lt;big&gt;=&lt;/big&gt; '''yonber''' (''to separate'')

== Word Order of Adverbs ==

: The word order of adverbs is fairly free, as in English.  But, to avoid ambiguity, the adverb should be placed immediately before or after the sentence element it modifies, eg.:

::* '''It deuze &lt;u&gt;vi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He sings &lt;u&gt;beautifully&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yefe xer &lt;u&gt;gwa ig&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You must do it &lt;u&gt;as quickly as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;hyoj&lt;/u&gt; ako fika ivan.'''....''You will &lt;u&gt;never&lt;/u&gt; gain perfect happiness.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; te'''. (OR) '''At te &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt;'''. ....''I don't know.''

== Comparison of Adverbs by Degree ==

: Adverbs can be compared just as adjectives with the use of [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Quantitative Determiners|Quantitative Determiners]].  The words ''than'' and ''as'' are translated by the relative conjunction '''vyel.'''

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Comparison of Adverbs by Degree
|-
! POSITIVE !! +/=/- COMPARATIVE !! +/- SUPERLATIVE
|-
| '''fiay'''....''well'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ga&lt;/u&gt; fiay vyel'''....''better than (Lit: &lt;u&gt;more&lt;/u&gt; good-ly than)''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel'''....''&lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; well as''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;go&lt;/u&gt; fiay vyel'''....''&lt;u&gt;less&lt;/u&gt; well than''|| '''&lt;u&gt;gwa&lt;/u&gt; fiay'''....''(the) best (Lit: &lt;u&gt;most&lt;/u&gt; good-ly, as well as possible''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;gwo&lt;/u&gt; fiay'''....''(the) &lt;u&gt;least&lt;/u&gt; well''
|}

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adjectives|Determiners}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qilmvv5r24thnhp5szecsmu0l6a8f8l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Determiners</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417647</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088248</id>
      <parentid>4084631</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:30:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Numerical Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174366" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! TYPE !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| '''''Quantitative''''' || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| '''''Numerical''''' || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|-
| '''''Deictic''''' || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| '''''Pronominal''''' || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.

== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

= Numerical Determiners =

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

== Cardinal Numerals ==

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

=== Ordinal Vowels ===
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

=== Units ===
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

=== Decades ===
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

== Integral Numerical Determiners ==
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ==

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ==

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ==

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

== Arithmetical Expressions ==

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

== Decimal Expressions ==

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

== Calendar Expressions ==
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
=== Basic Calendar Units ===
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

=== Seasons of the Year ===
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

=== Months of the Year ===
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

=== Days of the Week ===
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

=== Parts of the Day ===
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

=== Expressing Dates ===
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

== Expressing Age ==
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

== Money Expressions ==

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.

== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns|TOC mini}}</text>
      <sha1>fxx4wk7svnzd7s8qtj8o995gw0v0ce9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088250</id>
      <parentid>4088248</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:33:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Quantitative Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174368" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! TYPE !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| '''''Quantitative''''' || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| '''''Numerical''''' || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|-
| '''''Deictic''''' || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| '''''Pronominal''''' || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.

=== Quantitative Determiners ===

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

= Numerical Determiners =

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

== Cardinal Numerals ==

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

=== Ordinal Vowels ===
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

=== Units ===
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

=== Decades ===
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

== Integral Numerical Determiners ==
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ==

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ==

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ==

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

== Arithmetical Expressions ==

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

== Decimal Expressions ==

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

== Calendar Expressions ==
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
=== Basic Calendar Units ===
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

=== Seasons of the Year ===
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

=== Months of the Year ===
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

=== Days of the Week ===
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

=== Parts of the Day ===
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

=== Expressing Dates ===
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

== Expressing Age ==
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

== Money Expressions ==

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.

== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns|TOC mini}}</text>
      <sha1>rub9p9mzuqhgy1n9ns66pr0xpeysnft</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088251</id>
      <parentid>4088250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:41:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Numerical Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174461" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! TYPE !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| '''''Quantitative''''' || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| '''''Numerical''''' || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|-
| '''''Deictic''''' || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| '''''Pronominal''''' || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.

=== Quantitative Determiners ===

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

=== Numerical Determiners ===

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

==== Cardinal Numerals ====

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

==== Overall Numbers Chart ====
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

==== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ====

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.

== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ngr2jjhmbmbpktociqbnvikgfg24wwc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088252</id>
      <parentid>4088251</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:51:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Types of Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174633" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.

=== 3. Quantitative Determiners ===

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

=== 4. Numerical Determiners ===

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

==== Cardinal Numerals ====

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

==== Overall Numbers Chart ====
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

==== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ====

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.

== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1l3srm15tb0c2wy69atl6zxc8swdzad</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088253</id>
      <parentid>4088252</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:53:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Types of Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174631" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
=== 4. Numerical Determiners ===

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

==== Cardinal Numerals ====

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

==== Overall Numbers Chart ====
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

==== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ====

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''
=== 3. Quantitative Determiners ===

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.

== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>05dvnxe8ux9bleqnwt3eylm2pkjionu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088254</id>
      <parentid>4088253</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:55:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 3. Quantitative Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="169479" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
=== 4. Numerical Determiners ===

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

==== Cardinal Numerals ====

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

==== Overall Numbers Chart ====
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

==== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ====

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''
== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.

== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>emch5kq2sm3fr0o27dsnv4w48at4380</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088255</id>
      <parentid>4088254</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:57:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 4. Numerical Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174610" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

==== Cardinal Numerals ====

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

=== Ordinal Vowels ===
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

=== Units ===
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

=== Decades ===
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.

== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8gq5tbgqzdefawe793ep06f16lvresf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088256</id>
      <parentid>4088255</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:59:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Deictic Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="123712" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

==== Cardinal Numerals ====

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

=== Ordinal Vowels ===
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

=== Units ===
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

=== Decades ===
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>d6tfilkmki1b053rhe7fmc2pt9s30u9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088264</id>
      <parentid>4088256</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:00:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 3. Quantitative Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174613" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

==== Cardinal Numerals ====

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

=== Ordinal Vowels ===
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

=== Units ===
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

=== Decades ===
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>cxardon1agx77an6s6etgld4zsfycjp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088267</id>
      <parentid>4088264</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:02:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cardinal Numerals */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174611" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

====Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

=== Ordinal Vowels ===
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

=== Units ===
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

=== Decades ===
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>ize8aenmv3f6kd3oel4vg6mucdhqxj9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088268</id>
      <parentid>4088267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:02:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* =Cardinal Numerals */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174611" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

=== Ordinal Vowels ===
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

=== Units ===
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

=== Decades ===
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>ja4vnvi6qkk8240436cydnp0sdrpolp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088269</id>
      <parentid>4088268</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:03:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ordinal Vowels */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174613" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

=== Units ===
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

=== Decades ===
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>qd59klm9bihb38i9rnq23l5uz1z1yg3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088270</id>
      <parentid>4088269</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:04:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Units */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174615" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

=== Decades ===
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>9h0ovpewifl7wld0xxsqpbarjz1mfqy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088271</id>
      <parentid>4088270</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:04:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Decades */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174617" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

=== Hundreds ===
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>bvx7mesxkozf4sl2kr9xdhv9uzsvcom</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088272</id>
      <parentid>4088271</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:04:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hundreds */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174619" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

=== Thousands ===
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>fqu5me1m852eyxv4e8gqi2jex56d4xo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088273</id>
      <parentid>4088272</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:04:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Thousands */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174621" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

=== Millions ===
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>24lfskjc1kgml63ogfj3awlpwqhn4er</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088274</id>
      <parentid>4088273</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:05:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Millions */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174623" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

=== Billions ===
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>6bccboi0yvoaljsbds4izjphtf5l1d7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088275</id>
      <parentid>4088274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:05:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Billions */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174625" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Integral Numerical Determiners ====
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>0qwd4myhwd720rapjbg81505b5hn2g7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088276</id>
      <parentid>4088275</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:05:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Integral Numerical Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174623" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

== Fractional Numerical Determiners ==

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>506wgv0w6v2dskfxldmuicvzceg59mb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088277</id>
      <parentid>4088276</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:06:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Fractional Numerical Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174625" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

== Metric Units ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

==== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ====

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

==== Arithmetical Expressions ====

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

==== Calendar Expressions ====
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>d8684cugf6srlbqss7y2jc49z4dtva4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088278</id>
      <parentid>4088277</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:09:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Metric Units */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174619" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

=== Decimal Expressions ===

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>dok13wwh1439avutjx726f7iwjt2f1v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088281</id>
      <parentid>4088278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:13:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pronominal Deictic Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174618" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

== 2. Pronominal Deictic Determiners ==

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
=== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ===
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

=== Decimal Expressions ===

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>i3zle65i9ti5jahi09d3poqjxc5up9f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088282</id>
      <parentid>4088281</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:16:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Calendar Expressions */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174627" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

== 2. Pronominal Deictic Determiners ==

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
=== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ===
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

=== Decimal Expressions ===

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

==== Money Expressions ====

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>2i4y3kvi21rlo724edlecxple7xws26</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088283</id>
      <parentid>4088282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:16:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Money Expressions */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174625" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

== 2. Pronominal Deictic Determiners ==

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
=== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ===
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

=== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ===

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

=== Decimal Expressions ===

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>spkvb3n66ux5z1cxqugyhu03f72efnj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088284</id>
      <parentid>4088283</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:19:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 2. Pronominal Deictic Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174626" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
=== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ===
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

=== Decimal Expressions ===

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>3nao2x9010vn6hdpaey50qzq2or9ble</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088285</id>
      <parentid>4088284</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:21:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Decimal Expressions */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174628" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
=== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ===
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''
=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>5iflocvmo0l875sjr300pr451g8dn0g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088287</id>
      <parentid>4088285</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:24:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174631" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== 1. Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>mqpmv733mz77zv9insj5wetlb6e9rvc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088308</id>
      <parentid>4088287</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:40:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 1. Deictic Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174628" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== 3. Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>n6yy46tmc0ak210yql4pjsqbnz4c7nc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088309</id>
      <parentid>4088308</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:41:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 3. Quantitative Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174625" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== 4. Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>af50jgzwhyc91un740mpnqospcgfuz5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088310</id>
      <parentid>4088309</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:41:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 4. Numerical Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174622" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>kxi1a3lmud31e6ya7lh5bpaunnhihb0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088313</id>
      <parentid>4088310</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:49:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cardinal Numerals */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174636" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>6hbo8dz89dtpqumda18xm7bt2m0qbii</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088318</id>
      <parentid>4088313</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:02:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Quantitative Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174855" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].
== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.</text>
      <sha1>hhtvdix031b89jv7hrvfb4im6026r8i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088319</id>
      <parentid>4088318</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:05:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174927" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].
== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cfd09qyqgexolk0bav9ryuyywu4o882</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088320</id>
      <parentid>4088319</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:11:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cardinal Numerals */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174958" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].
== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; text-align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|SECONDARY&lt;br&gt;ORDINAL&lt;br&gt;VOWEL !! NUMERIC&lt;br&gt;VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a''' || 1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e''' || 2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i''' || 3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u''' || 4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo''' || 5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya''' || 6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye''' || 7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi''' || 8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fucnzjyery1k9ec2hf0kgzkdwogiv6z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088322</id>
      <parentid>4088320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:16:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ordinal Vowels */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174913" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].
== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; text-align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! ORDINAL VOWEL....NUMERIC VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a'''....1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e'''....2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i'''....3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u'''....4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo'''....5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya'''....6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye'''....7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi'''....8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''199''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fkirtt2h9ud9mrzlu22t4e6kv33f2ev</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088324</id>
      <parentid>4088322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:18:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hundreds */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174913" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].
== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; text-align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! ORDINAL VOWEL....NUMERIC VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a'''....1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e'''....2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i'''....3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u'''....4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo'''....5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya'''....6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye'''....7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi'''....8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''599''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoynasi&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n3eulkcb4rz7stpgsgaspqi8u1chyj1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088326</id>
      <parentid>4088324</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:20:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Fractional Numerical Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174911" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].
== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; text-align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! ORDINAL VOWEL....NUMERIC VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a'''....1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e'''....2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i'''....3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u'''....4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo'''....5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya'''....6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye'''....7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi'''....8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''599''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas ev ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jgagu949qlwasskwm1d9bu4ds0jpu55</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088328</id>
      <parentid>4088326</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:24:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Fractional Numerical Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174916" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].
== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; text-align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! ORDINAL VOWEL....NUMERIC VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a'''....1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e'''....2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i'''....3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u'''....4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo'''....5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya'''....6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye'''....7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi'''....8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''599''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas vyel ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has hu yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>t0rnfuwepudq3mmnhmqgbpnv9o32ebo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088397</id>
      <parentid>4088328</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:16:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Placement of Interrogative Deictic Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174897" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogatives ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''
=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].
== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; text-align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! ORDINAL VOWEL....NUMERIC VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a'''....1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e'''....2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i'''....3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u'''....4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo'''....5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya'''....6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye'''....7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi'''....8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''599''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas vyel ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has hu yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mynoh0rfbqjgchutkck9n9o87207fo2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088399</id>
      <parentid>4088397</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:17:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174887" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogatives ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Numerical Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''

=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].
== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; text-align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! ORDINAL VOWEL....NUMERIC VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a'''....1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e'''....2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i'''....3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u'''....4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo'''....5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya'''....6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye'''....7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi'''....8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''599''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas vyel ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has hu yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>440mlhabhlgb496ofgjnwmilacbxjyh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088400</id>
      <parentid>4088399</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:20:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pronominal Determiners */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="174911" xml:space="preserve">= Determiners  =

: Determiners are words that specify or point out the context of nouns and other parts of speech.  The English determiner ''this'', for example, specifies a noun for its proximity to the current context.
== Types of Determiners ==
: Determiners in Mirad fall into the following categories:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Determiners
|-
! CHAPTER !! TYPE !! ALSO KNOWN AS !! ENGLISH EXAMPLES
|-
| 1 || '''''Deictic''''' || Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjective || ''the'', ''this'', ''some'', ''every'', ''which?'', ''when''
|-
| 2 || '''''Pronominal''''' || Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives || ''my'', ''anybody&amp;apos;s'', ''one&amp;apos;s own''
|-
| 3 ||'''''Quantitative''''' || Quantifiers || ''more'', ''less'', ''very''
|-
| 4 || '''''Numerical''''' || Numerals/Fractions/Dates, etc. || ''one'', ''half'', ''first''
|}

: Furthermore, as for part of speech, determiners can be adjectives, pronouns, or adverbs.  As adjectives, determiners can itemize or classify.  As pronouns, they can refer to one or more persons (male or female) or things.  As adverbs, they can specify time, place, degree, kind, age, frequency, and so forth.
== Deictic Determiners ==

: '''''Deictic determiners''''' are words which point out or ''specify'' other words as to their context, including what grammarians often call '''''demonstratives'''''. 

: Categories of adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial deictic determiners:

::* Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns like ''this'', ''that'', ''those'', ''that one''
::* The definite article ''the''(which is really a kind of demonstrative, like those above.)
::* Indefinite adjectives and pronouns like ''any'', ''some'', ''all'', ''something'', ''such'', etc.
::* Adverbs of time like ''when'', ''now'', ''ever''
::* Adverbs of place like ''there'', ''here'', ''somewhere''
::* Adverbs of manner like ''how'', ''thus'', ''somehow''
::* Adverbs of kind like ''so'', age ''this year old''
::* Adverbs of direction like ''that way'', ''any which way''
::* Adverbs of reason ''why?'', ''for that reason'', ''for no reason''
::* Adverbs of degree ''this (well)'', ''so (good)'', ''how (bad)''
::* Adverbs of frequency like ''how often'', ''so often'', ''never''
::* Adverbs of age like ''this old'', ''how old?'', ''of any age''


=== Deictic Prefixes ===

: There is a whole set of '''''deictic prefixes''''', which are joined to category stubs to derive adjectival, pronominal, and adverbial determiners. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Prefixes
|-
! CATEGORY !! DEICTIC PREFIX
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha-...?'''....''what?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha-'''....''the''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''he-'''....''some, a certain''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''ho-'''....''no, not a''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hi-'''....''this, these''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hii-'''....''the following''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hu-'''....''that, those''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huu-'''....''such, so, what a...!''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya-'''....''every, all, each''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hye-'''....''any, whatever''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE || '''hyo-'''....''not at all, not a single''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyi-'''....''the same, the very''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyu-'''....''the other, another, else''
|}

=== Category Stubs  ===

: The table below shows word stubs that indicate the category of deictic expressions.  They are called stubs, because they are part of a longer word that has been reduced.  The combination of deictic prefixes and category stubs produce a matrix of deictic correlatives, seen later in this chapter.  Use of the stub instead of the long form is a matter of optional economy.  A few categories do not have stubs.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Category Stubs
|-
! CATEGORY !! STUB  !! LONG FORM !! QUESTION WORD EXAMPLE
|-
| PERSON || '''-t''' || '''tob'''...''person'' || '''duhat?'''....''who?''
|-
| THING || '''-s''' ||'''sun'''...''thing'' || '''duhas?'''....''what?''
|-
| PLACE || '''-m''' ||'''nem'''...''place'' || '''duham?'''....''where?''
|-
| TIME || '''-j''' ||'''job'''...''time'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when?''
|-
| MANNER || '''-yen''' ||'''byen'''...''manner'' || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| KIND || '''-yena''' ||'''syena'''...''of kind'' || '''duhoyena?'''....''what kind of?''
|-
| DEGREE || '''-gla''' ||'''nog'''...''degree'' || '''duhagla fi?'''....''how well?''
|-
| COUNTABLE QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''sag'''...''number'' || '''duhagla pati?'''....''how many birds?''
|-
| MASS QUANTITY || '''-gla''' ||'''glan'''...''amount'' || '''duhagla mil?'''....''how much water?''
|-
| FREQUENCY || ||'''xag'''...''frequency''&lt;br&gt;'''gla jodi'''...''many times'' || '''duhaxag?'''....''how often?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhagla jodi?'''....''how many times?''
|-
| REASON || ||'''sav'''...''reason'' || '''duhasav?'''....''why?''
|-
| AGE || ||'''jag'''...''age'' || '''duhajag?'''....''how old?''
|}

=== Adjectival Deictic Determiners ===

: Here is a table showing the deictic determiner prefixes attached to elements ending in '''-a''' to form various adjectival deictic determiners:
 
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adjectival Determiners
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF SELECTION !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF KIND !! ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;OF POSSESSION
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duha...?'''....''which...?'' || '''duhayena...?'''....''what kind of...?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''the'' || '''hayena'''....''the kind of'' || '''hata'''....''the one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hea'''....''some, a certain'' || '''heyena'''....''some kind of, a certain kind of'' || '''heta'''....''someone&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoa...!'''....''no, not any'' || '''hoyena'''....''no kind of''|| '''hota'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hia'''....''this, these'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of, such (a), like this, like these'' || '''hita'''....''this one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiia'''....''the following'' || '''hiiyena'''....''the following kind of'' || '''hiita'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that, those''|| '''huyena'''....''that kind of, like that, like those, such''|| '''huta'''....''that one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huua'''....''such a, such, what a'' || '''huuyena'''....''such a kind of'' || '''huuta'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''every, all, each''|| '''hyayena'''....''every kind of, all kinds of'' || '''hyata'''....''everybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyea'''....''any, whatever''|| '''hyeyena'''....''any kind of, whatever kind of'' || '''hyeta'''....''anybody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| ABSOLUTELY NEGATIVE ||'''hyoa'''....''not, not a, not any whatever'' || '''hyoyena'''....''no kind of, no such whatever'' || '''hyota'''....''absolutely nobody&amp;apos;s''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyia'''....''the same''&lt;br&gt;'''ha gea'''....''the same'' || '''hyiyena'''....''the same kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geyena'''....''the same kind of'' || '''hyita'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha geta'''....''the same one&amp;apos;s''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyua'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ogea'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogea'''....''the other'' || '''hyuyena'''....''some other kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeyena'''....''another kind of''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeyena'''....''the other kind of'' || '''hyuta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ogeta'''....''someone else&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ogeta'''....''the other person&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Note 1: The definite adjectival deictic determiner '''ha''' (actually, short for '''haa''') is used as what is more commonly referred to as the '''''definite article'''''....''the''.
: Note 2: The determiner '''hya''' is a reduced form of '''hyaa'''.
: Note 3: The interrogative adjectival determiner '''Duha?''' really is a command meaning ''Tell me the...''.  So, for instance, '''Duham?'''....''Where?'' is really a command meaning '''Tell (me) the place!'''

: The pronominal deictic determiners can also incorporate gender in such a way that they refer to female or male persons specifically.  This done by inserting the letter '''w''' before the characteristic vowel for males and the letter '''y''' after the characteristic vowel for females.  Incorporating gender this way is relatively rare and only used in cases with the distinction is relative to the context:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwita&lt;/u&gt; tam se ga aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is bigger.''
::* '''At voy ayse &lt;u&gt;huytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni.'''....''I don't have &lt;u&gt;those women's&lt;/u&gt; names.''

: Usage examples of deictic determiner adjectives derived from:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; tam se etas?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; house is yours?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; tej et ayse!'''....''&lt;u&gt;What a&lt;/u&gt; life you have!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; dyezuni ifxe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kind of&lt;/u&gt; movies do you like?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tef okwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; hat was lost?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; tob ta yata dyuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man knew our names.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hayena&lt;/u&gt; dini at ife, et ufe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The kind of&lt;/u&gt; stories I love, you hate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hea&lt;/u&gt; mepi egdyunxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Certain&lt;/u&gt; streets will be renamed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heyena&lt;/u&gt; fukyes uxaye purnyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Some kind of&lt;/u&gt; accident has caused a traffic jam.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Heta&lt;/u&gt; abtaf akwa be ha zatem.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Someone's&lt;/u&gt; coat was found in the foyer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; dyes se ata gafias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; book is my favorite.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiia&lt;/u&gt; duni se yofwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following&lt;/u&gt; words are prohibited.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy afwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following sort of&lt;/u&gt; behavior would not be allowed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiyena&lt;/u&gt; xeyen voy vayafwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This type of&lt;/u&gt; behavior will not be tolerated.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hita&lt;/u&gt; tim so yovoza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This person's&lt;/u&gt; room will be blue.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; mas efwe egvozilbwer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; wall needs to be repainted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huua&lt;/u&gt; dini yufxe toboti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; stories scare children.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyena&lt;/u&gt; duni yeyfwe yixwer za at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such&lt;/u&gt; words should not be used in front of me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwuta&lt;/u&gt; tam magseye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That guy's&lt;/u&gt; house is on fire.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; din se ga tesika.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt; story more important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyena&lt;/u&gt; tes tesiyafwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No such&lt;/u&gt; meaning can be inferred.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyota&lt;/u&gt; jatexdras sa ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody's&lt;/u&gt; plan is better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; oboxe huyt.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing whatever&lt;/u&gt; bothers that gal.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; mepi izpe Roma.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; roads lead to Rome.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; tob yefe xer ita gon.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; man must do his part.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayena&lt;/u&gt; telami ese be hia mep.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All manner of&lt;/u&gt; restaurants exist on this street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyata&lt;/u&gt; tej se uka bi yaobi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone's&lt;/u&gt; life is full of ups and downs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; domi agsaye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; cities have grown.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; voz so fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any&lt;/u&gt; color will be fine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyena&lt;/u&gt; til se aysyafwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Any kind of&lt;/u&gt; drink is available.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeta&lt;/u&gt; ved se ge ifa vyel atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone's&lt;/u&gt; guess is as good as mine.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyea&lt;/u&gt; tim et fe et yafe ayser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whatever&lt;/u&gt; room you want, you can have.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyia&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha gea) fukyesi kyese glaxag.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same&lt;/u&gt; accidents occur frequently.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyiyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geyena) dyezuni teaxuwa zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same kind of&lt;/u&gt; films were shown yesterday.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyita&lt;/u&gt;/(Ha geta) dyun yixwa gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The same person's&lt;/u&gt; name was used again.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyua&lt;/u&gt; dyezun sa ifuyea.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The other&lt;/u&gt; movie was more entertaining.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuyena&lt;/u&gt;/(Ogeyena) som teasu ga fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Another kind of&lt;/u&gt; furniture would look better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyuta&lt;/u&gt;/(ogeta) texyen se ge fyia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Someone else's&lt;/u&gt; opinion is equally valid.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiytia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodraye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These women's&lt;/u&gt; names have not be make public.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwiitia&lt;/u&gt; dyuni voy dodrowe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following males'&lt;/u&gt; names will not be publicized.''

: If the definite article or any other deictic determiner is omitted before a noun, then it has the effect of the English indefinite article ''a / an'' with a singular noun or ''some'' with a plural noun. For example:

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;a glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;(some) glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha awa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the one glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the two glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;hya ewa tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;both glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;owa tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;no/zero glasses (=not a single glass)&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

::* '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;another/a second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyeb&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glass&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.'', vs.
::** '''Yat tilia &lt;u&gt;ha ea tilyebi&lt;/u&gt; bi vafil.'''....''We drank &lt;u&gt;the second glasses&lt;/u&gt; of wine.''

: If an indefinite article sense is needed for clarity, the words '''awa''' (''one'') or '''hea''' (''some, a certain'') can be used, eg.:

::* '''At igtease &lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt; tob yiztyoyaber.'''....''I glimpsed &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; man walk by.''
::* '''Hwit zoyupo &lt;u&gt;hea&lt;/u&gt; juab.'''....''He will come back on &lt;u&gt;a / a certain / some&lt;/u&gt; Monday.''

=== Pronominal Deictic Determiners ===

: The following chart shows deictic determiners used as pronouns.  Note that the suffix '''-s''' (short for '''sun''') is used pronouns referring to things, while '''-t''' (short for '''tob''') is used for those referring to persons.  The suffix '''-i''' pluralized either of these.  The distinction between a form like ''what?'' and a '''''selective''''' form like ''which?'' is made by using the full adjectival form (with '''-a-''') in the selective forms.  So, for example, '''hot?''' is ''who?'', but '''hoat?''' is ''which one? (referring to a person)''.  The determiners referring to persons can optionally be made specifically male with the insertion of the letter '''w''' before the stem vowel or specifically female with the insertion of the letter '''y''' before the stem-ending '''t''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRONOUNS !! THING&lt;br&gt;THINGS !! SELECTIVE THING&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE THINGS  || valign=top| SELECTIVE PERSON&lt;br&gt;SELECTIVE PERSONS !! PERSON&lt;br&gt;PERSONS !! PERSON&amp;apos;S THING&lt;br&gt;PERSON&amp;apos;S THINGS
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhas?'''....''what (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhasi?'''....''what (things)?'' || valign=top| '''duhaas'''?....''which one?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaasi'''?....''which ones?'' || valign=top| '''duhaat'''?....''which person?''?&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaat?'''....''which man?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt?'''....''which woman?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaati?'''....''which people?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwaati?'''....''which men?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaayti?'''....''which women?'' || valign=top| '''duhat'''?....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwat?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayt'''....''who?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwati?'''....''who?, whom?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayti?'''....''who?, whom?'' || valign=top| '''duhatas?'''....''whose (thing)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatas?'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''duhaytas?'''....''whose?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhatasi?'''....''whose (things)?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhwatasi?'''....''whose?'' &lt;br&gt;'''duhaytasi?'''....''whose?''
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top|  '''has'''....''it, the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they, them, the things''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''haas'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''|| valign=top| '''haat'''....''the one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaat'''....''the male one''&lt;br&gt;'''haayt'''....''the female one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi'''....''the ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwaasi'''....''the male ones''&lt;br&gt;'''haaysi'''....''the female ones'' || valign=top|'''hat'''....''the person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwat'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hayt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the persons, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''the males, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''the females, they, them''|| valign=top| '''hatas'''....''whose''? (thing)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatas'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytas'''....''whose'' &lt;br&gt;'''hatasi'''....''whose'' )things)&lt;br&gt;'''hwatasi'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haytasi'''....''whose''
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''hes'''....''something''&lt;br&gt;'''hesi'''....''some (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''heas'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''heasi'''....''certain ones'' || valign=top| '''heat'''....''a certain one''&lt;br&gt;'''hweat'''....''a certain male''&lt;br&gt;'''heayt'''....''a certain female''&lt;br&gt;'''heati'''....''certain ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hweati'''....''some males''&lt;br&gt;'''heayti'''....''some females''|| valign=top|'''het'''....''someone''&lt;br&gt;'''hwet'''....''some male''&lt;br&gt;'''heyt'''....''some female'' &lt;br&gt;'''heti'''....''some (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hweti'''....''some males'' &lt;br&gt;'''heyti'''....''some females''|| valign=top| '''hetas'''....''someone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetas'''....''some male's'' &lt;br&gt;'''heytas'''....''some female's''&lt;br&gt;'''hetasi'''....''some people's''&lt;br&gt;'''hwetasi'''....''some males&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''heytasi'''....''some females&amp;apos;''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hos'''....''nothing''&lt;br&gt;'''hosi'''....''no (things)''&lt;br&gt; || valign=top| '''hoas'''....''no, not a''&lt;br&gt;'''hoasi'''....''none'' || valign=top| '''hoat'''....''not a one''|| valign=top|'''hot'''....''nobody''|| valign=top| '''hotas'''....''nobody's''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hias'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;-&lt;br&gt;'''hiasi'''....''these''|| valign=top|'''hiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiat'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayt'''....''this one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiati'''....''these ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiati'''....''these of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiayti'''....''these of the females''|| valign=top|'''hit'''....''this person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwit'''....''he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyt'''....''she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''these females''|| valign=top|'''hitas'''....''this person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitas'''....''this male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytas'''....''this female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hitasi'''....''this person&amp;apos;s (things)'', ''theirs''&lt;br&gt;'''hwitasi'''....''this man&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiytasi'''....''this woman&amp;apos;''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiis'''....''the following''&lt;br&gt;'''hiisi'''....''the following (things)''|| valign=top|'''hiias'''....''the following one''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiasi'''....''the following ones'' || valign=top|'''hiiat'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiat'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiati'''....''the following ones''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiati'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiayti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiit'''....''the following person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiit'''....''the following male''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyt'''....''the following female''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiti'''....''the following (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiiti'''....''the following males''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyti'''....''the following females''|| valign=top|'''hiitas'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (thing)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitas'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytas'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiitasi'''....''the following person&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiitasi'''....''the following male&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiytasi'''....''the following female&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''those''|| valign=top|'''huas'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''huasi'''....''those'' || valign=top|'''huat'''....''that one''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuat'''....''that one of the males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayt'''....''that one of the females''&lt;br&gt;'''huati'''....''those people, they''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuati'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huayti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hut'''....''that person, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''hwut'''....''that guy, he, him''&lt;br&gt;'''huyt'''....''that female, she, her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''those people, they, them''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''those males''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''those females''|| valign=top|'''hutas'''....''that person&amp;apos;s, his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutas'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytas'''....''hers''&lt;br&gt;'''hutasi'''....''that person's (things), his''&lt;br&gt;'''hwutasi'''....''his''&lt;br&gt;'''huytasi'''....''hers''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huus'''....''such, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huusi'''....''such things''|| valign=top|'''huuas'''....''such a one''&lt;br&gt;'''huuasi'''....''such ones'' || valign=top|'''huuat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huuati'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)|| valign=top|'''huut'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuut'''....''such a male''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyt'''....''such a female''&lt;br&gt;'''huuti'''....''such people''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuuti'''....''such males''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyti'''....''such females''|| valign=top|'''huutas'''....''such a person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;(rare)&lt;br&gt;'''huutasi'''....''such people&amp;apos;s (things)''&lt;br&gt;(rare&gt;&lt;br&gt;(rare)
|-
|ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyos'''....''nothing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi'''....''none at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoas'''....''not a one whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoasi'''....''none whatever'' || valign=top|'''hyoat'''....''not a single one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoati'''....''none whatever''|| valign=top|'''hyot'''....''nobody at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywot'''....''no male at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyt'''....''no female whateveer''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti'''....''no people at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hywoti'''....''no males at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyti'''....''no females at all''|| valign=top|'''hyotas'''....''nobody's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyotasi'''....''nobody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyas'''....''everything, all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi'''....all things || valign=top| '''hyaas'''....each one&lt;br&gt;'''hyaasi'''....''all of them'' || valign=top|'''hyaat'''....''each one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaati'''....''all of them''|| valign=top|'''hyat'''....''everyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywat'''....''every male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayt'''....''every female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati'''....''all (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''hywati'''....''all males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayti'''....''all females''|| valign=top| '''hyatas'''....''everyone's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyatasi'''....''everyone's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyes'''....''anything, whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi'''....''any''|| valign=top|'''hyeas'''....''whatever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeasi'''....''any of them'' || valign=top|'''hyeat'''....''whichever one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeati'''....''whichever ones''|| valign=top|'''hyet'''....''anyone''&lt;br&gt;'''hywet'''....''any male''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyt'''....''any female''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti'''....''whoever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyweti'''....''whichever males''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyti'''....''whichever females''|| valign=top|'''hyetas'''....''whoever's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyetasi'''....''anybody's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyis'''....''the same thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyisi'''....''the same things''|| valign=top|'''hyis'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiasi'''....''the same ones'' || valign=top|'''hyiat'''....''the same one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiati'''....''the same one''|| valign=top|'''hyit'''....''the same person''&lt;br&gt;'''hywit'''....''the same guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyt'''....''the same woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiti'''....''the same people''&lt;br&gt;'''hywiti'''....''the same men''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyti'''....''the same women''|| valign=top|'''hyitas'''....''the same person's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyitasi'''....''the same person's'' &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyus'''....''something else''&lt;br&gt;'''hyusi'''....''other things''|| valign=top|'''hyuas'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuasi'''....''the other ones'' || valign=top|'''hyuat'''....''the other one''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuati'''....''the others''|| valign=top|'''hyut'''....''someone else''&lt;br&gt;'''hywut'''....''the other guy''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyt'''....''the other woman''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuti'''....''others''&lt;br&gt;'''hywuti'''....''the other guys''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyti'''....''the other women''|| valign=top|'''hyutas'''....''someone else's''&lt;br&gt;'''hyutasi'''....''someone else's &lt;small&gt;(things)&lt;/small&gt;''
|}

: Here is a chart of pronominal deictic determiners of kind formed from the corresponding adjectival determiners of kind (eg. '''hoyena?'''....''what kind of...?''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Pronominal Deictic Determiners of Kind
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! KIND OF THING&lt;br&gt;KIND OF THINGS !! KIND OF PERSON&lt;br&gt;KIND OF PEOPLE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || valign=top| '''duhayenas?'''....''what kind of thing?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenasi?'''....''what kind of things?''|| valign=top|'''duhayenat?'''....''what kind of person?''&lt;br&gt;'''duhayenati?'''....''what kind of people?'' 
|-
| DEFINITE || valign=top| '''hayenas'''....''the kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenasi'''....''the kind of things''|| valign=top|'''hayenat'''....''the kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hayenati'''....''the kind of people'' 
|-
| INDEFINITE || valign=top| '''heyenas'''....''some kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenasi'''....''some kind of things''|| valign=top|'''heyenat'''....''some kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''heyenati''' ....''some kind of people''
|-
| NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hoyenas'''....''no such thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenasi'''....''no such things''|| valign=top|'''hoyenat'''....''no such person''&lt;br&gt;'''hoyenati'''....''no such people''
|-
| PROXIMAL || valign=top| '''hiyenas'''....''this kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenasi'''....''these kinds of things, such things''|| valign=top|'''hiyenat'''....''this kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyenati'''....''these kinds of people, such people'' 
|-
| IMMEDIATE || valign=top| '''hiiyenas'''....''the following kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenasi'''....''the following kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hiiyenat'''....''the following kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hiiyenati'''....''the following kinds of people'' 
|-
| DISTAL || valign=top| '''huyenas'''....''that kind of thing, such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenasi'''....''such things, such things''|| valign=top|'''huyenat'''....''that kind of person, such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huyenati'''....''those kind of people, such people''
|-
| INTENSIVE || valign=top| '''huuyenas'''....''such a thing''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenasi'''....''such kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''huuyenat'''....''such a person''&lt;br&gt;'''huuyenati'''....''such kinds of people''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || valign=top| '''hyoyenas'''....''no such thing at all''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenasi'''....''no such things at all''|| valign=top|'''hyoyenat'''....''no such person whatever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoyenati'''....''no such people whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || valign=top| '''hyayenas'''....''every kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenasi'''....''all kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyayenat'''....''every kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyayenati'''....''all kinds of people'' 
|-
| INDETERMINATE || valign=top| '''hyeyenas'''....''any kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenasi'''....''any kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyeyenat'''....''any kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyenati'''....''any kinds of people'' 
|-
| IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyiyenas'''....''the same kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenasi'''....''the same kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyiyenat'''....''the same kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyenati'''....''the same kinds of people''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || valign=top| '''hyuyenas'''....''some other kind of thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenasi'''....''other kinds of things''|| valign=top|'''hyuyenat'''....''some other kind of person''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuyenati'''....''other kinds of people'' 
|}

: Any of the above animate deictic determiners can (though rarely) be made to refer specifically to males or females with the ending '''-wat''' or '''-wati''' for males and '''-ayt''' or '''-ayti''' for females.  For example:  ''any kind of males'' would be translated with '''hyeyenwati.'''....''Every kind of female'' would be translated with '''hyayenayt'''.
==== Selective vs. Non-Selective Forms ====
: The pronominal deictic interrogative determiner '''hot?''' means ''who'' and contrasts with its '''''selective''''' counterpart '''hoat?''', which means ''which one?''.  All the selective determiners refer to one or more things or persons from a selectable pool of things or persons.

: The following sentences illustrate the use of the above pronominal determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka zajuba ek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won yesterday's game?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaat&lt;/u&gt; bi ha akuti sa ha gwa fiat?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; of the winners was the best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhata&lt;/u&gt; tam se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; house is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatas&lt;/u&gt; se hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; is that?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatia&lt;/u&gt; deuzi et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; songs do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhatias&lt;/u&gt; et gaife?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whose&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhass&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gaifuni?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; are your preferences?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duha&lt;/u&gt; deuzi se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; songs are your best?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaasi&lt;/u&gt; se eta gwafiasi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are your best?''
::* '''Bi hia deuzuti, &lt;u&gt;hoat&lt;/u&gt; et gafie?'''....''Of these vocalists, &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; do you prefer?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiiti&lt;/u&gt; yaneko hijub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The following people&lt;/u&gt; will compete today.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaati&lt;/u&gt; se gwa fia?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which ones&lt;/u&gt; are best?'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhati&lt;/u&gt; et teexe gwa jodi?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who (all)&lt;/u&gt; do you listen to the most often?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huat&lt;/u&gt; hu at teexe gwaxag draye ejna deuz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; I listen to the most has written a new song.''
::* '''Ejna deuz? At voy teste &lt;u&gt;haas&lt;/u&gt; hu et tede.'''....''New song? I don't understand &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; you mean.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Huasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga fia.'''....''No.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are better.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se jub av ivxelen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a day for celebration.''
::* '''Va. &lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; jub.  At tese &lt;u&gt;hi&lt;/u&gt;jub.'''....''Yes. &lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; day.  I mean &lt;u&gt;To-&lt;/u&gt;day.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; sa &lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; jubi, ata dat!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; were &lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; days, my friend!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhot&lt;/u&gt; aka ha igpek?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won the race?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyas&lt;/u&gt; uja fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everything&lt;/u&gt; ended well.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyasi&lt;/u&gt; uje.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All things&lt;/u&gt; come to an end.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyayenasi&lt;/u&gt; vey kyesu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All sorts of things&lt;/u&gt; might happen.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyos&lt;/u&gt; yoka at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nothing&lt;/u&gt; whatever surprised me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; ta adut hu ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Nobody&lt;/u&gt; knew who would win.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huayti&lt;/u&gt;hu fu pier yefe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those females&lt;/u&gt; who would like to leave may.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyet&lt;/u&gt; yefe eker hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Anyone&lt;/u&gt; can play this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenasi&lt;/u&gt; voy afwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such things&lt;/u&gt; will not be permitted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hua twob&lt;/u&gt; voy taxe hia toyb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; man does not remember this woman.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huti&lt;/u&gt; yanyexe fi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those guys&lt;/u&gt; work well together.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huuyti&lt;/u&gt; hyaj yubixe tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Such females&lt;/u&gt; always attract attention.''
::* '''At jay teataye &lt;u&gt;hiyenasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I've seen &lt;u&gt;such things&lt;/u&gt; before.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyenwat&lt;/u&gt; voy vabiwu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A man like that&lt;/u&gt; would not be accepted.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayenasi&lt;/u&gt; weti iyfe xer je ha maj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What kinds of things&lt;/u&gt; do you guys like to do during the day?''

==== Placement of Interrogatives ====

: In a sequence of adjectives before a noun, deictic determiners go first, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga nyefi bewe et?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which&lt;/u&gt; two small bags belong to you?''

: In interrogative sentences, the interrogative deictic determiner (question word) often starts out the sentence, as in English.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hos&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hot&lt;/u&gt; et teata aay hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who(m)&lt;/u&gt; did you see first today?''

: Interrogative deictic determiners can also go at the end of sentence:

::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''What is your name?'' Lit. ''Your name is &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt;?''

=== Numerical Deictic Determiners  ===
: Sometimes, a deictic determiner specifies numerical information.  This chart shows those forms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! ADJECTIVE !! INANIMATE PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! PRONOMINAL DETERMINER !! POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
|-
| '''hawa'''* ''the only'' || '''hawas'''....''the only thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hawasi'''....''the only things'' || '''hawat'''....''the only one (person)''&lt;br&gt;'''hawati'''....''the only ones''|| '''hawata'''....''the only person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hawatas'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hawatasi'''....''the only one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyawa'''* ''each'' || '''hyawas'''....''each one'' || '''hyawat'''....''each person''|| '''hyawata'''....''each person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyawatas'''....''each one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyawatasi'''....''each one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaewa'''....''both'' || '''hyaewasi'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaewati'''....''both (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaewati'''....''both person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaewati'''....''both persone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyaiwa'''....''all three'' || '''hyaiwasi'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;things&lt;/small&gt;)'' || '''hyaiwati'''....''all three (&lt;small&gt;people&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyaiwata'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyaiwati'''....''all three person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''ohyawa'''....''not every'' || '''ohyawas'''....''not everything'' || '''ohyawat'''....''not everyone''|| '''ohyawata'''....''not every person&amp;apos;s'' || '''ohyawatas'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''ohyawatasi'''....''not everyone&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyoawa'''....''not a single'' || '''hyoawas'''....''not a single thing'' || '''hyoawat'''....''not a single person''|| '''hyowata'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyowatas'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyowatasi'''....''not a single person&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeawa'''....''either'' || '''hyeawas'''....''either one'' || '''hyeawat'''....''either one (&lt;small&gt;person&lt;/small&gt;)''|| '''hyeawata'''....''either one&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeawatas'''....''either one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeawatasi'''....''either one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyeewa'''....''any two'' || '''hyeewasi'''....''any two things'' || '''hyeewati'''....''any two people''|| '''bi hyeewati'''....''any two person&amp;apos;s'' || '''has bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos;''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi bi hyeewati'''....''any two persons&amp;apos; (things)''
|-
| '''hyeowa'''....''neither'' || '''hyeowas'''....''neither one'' || '''hyeowat'''....''neither person''|| '''hyeawata'''....''neither person&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyeowatas'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeowatasi'''....''neither one&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuawa'''....''another'' || '''hyuawas'''....''another one'' || '''hyuawat'''....''another''|| '''hyuawata'''....''another&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuawatas'''....''another&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuawatasi'''....''another&amp;apos;s (things)''
|-
| '''hyuowa'''....''no other'' || '''hyuowas'''....''nothing else'' || '''hyuowat'''....''nobody else''|| '''hyuowata'''....''no other&amp;apos;s'' || '''hyuowatas'''....''no other&amp;apos;s''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuowatasi'''....''no other&amp;apos;s (things)''
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''Hawa''' and '''hyawa''' are short for '''haawa''' and '''hyaawa''', respectively.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples using the above number-incorporating deictic determiners:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ohyawat&lt;/u&gt; se iva bay eta vaod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Not everyone&lt;/u&gt; is happy with your decision.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewasi&lt;/u&gt; yafwe uxer yata efi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both (things)&lt;/u&gt; can serve our needs.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; tim ivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; room will satisfy me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowas&lt;/u&gt; oivlaxo at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither one&lt;/u&gt; will dissatisfy me.''

: Note: '''Hyua''' means ''the other'', while '''hyuawa''' means ''another'', eg.:

::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyua&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; drink.'', vs.
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hyuawa&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''I would like &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; drink.''

: Similarly, '''hya''' means ''every, all'', while '''hyawa''' means ''each'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixea suni teaxer.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every&lt;/u&gt; city has interesting things to see.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hya&lt;/u&gt; domi ayse tebixuni.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; cities have things of interest.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawa&lt;/u&gt; dom ayse tebixun.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each&lt;/u&gt; city has something of interest.''

: Also, '''ha''' means ''the'', while '''hawa''' means ''the only'', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hawa&lt;/u&gt; twob nazea ata tezex se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The only&lt;/u&gt; man worth my attention is you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; twob hu at gwa ife se et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; man I most love is you.''

: By appending '''y''' to '''hawa''', we get the adverb '''haway'''....''only, solely'', eg;

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Haway&lt;/u&gt; et nize ata tezex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only&lt;/u&gt; you deserve my attention.''.

: The singular person pronouns in the above chart can be converted into pronominal determiners by adding the adjective suffix '''a''', eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawata&lt;/u&gt; tej se ge glatesa vyel hyutas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; life is as important as another's.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither person's&lt;/u&gt; name is real.''

: However, the plural person pronouns in the above chart use the preposition '''bi''' (''of'') to form possessives, eg.:

::* '''Ha teji &lt;u&gt;bi hyaiwati&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''The lives &lt;u&gt;of all three&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: The above singular pronominal determiners can, in turn, be converted into inanimate pronouns with the suffix '''-s'''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyawatas&lt;/u&gt; se glatesa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Each one's&lt;/u&gt; is important.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyeowatas&lt;/u&gt; se vyama.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither's&lt;/u&gt; is real.''

: The plural pronominal determiners can be nominalized with the use of '''bi''', eg:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyaiwasi&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;bi huti&lt;/u&gt; se kyebukuwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All three&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;of theirs'&lt;/u&gt; are in danger.''

: Correlative Number-incorporating Deictic Determiners are handled as follows:

::* '''Hyeawa A ey B'''....''either A or B''
::* '''Hyeowa A oy B'''....''neither A nor B''
::* '''Hyaewa A ay B'''....''both A and B''
::* '''Hawa A, voy B'''....''only A, not B''

=== Adverbial Deictic Determiners ===
: This tables shows a correlated set of '''''pro-adverbs''''' built through the agglutination of deictic prefixes and catetory stubs.  This is not all-inclusive, because their are other similary-constructed pro-verbs relating to other categories.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Adverbial Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! PRO-ADVERBS !! MANNER&lt;br&gt;'''(b)&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;''' !! PLACE&lt;br&gt;'''(ne)&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;''' !! TIME&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;(ob)''' !! DEGREE&lt;br&gt;'''nog ~ gla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' !! REASON&lt;br&gt;'''sav''' !! FREQUENCY&lt;br&gt;'''xag'''
|-
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhayen?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, in what way?'' || '''duham?'''&lt;br&gt;''where?'' || '''hoj?'''&lt;br&gt;''when?'' || '''duhanog?''' ~ '''duhagla?'''&lt;br&gt;''how?, to what degree?'' || '''duhasav?'''&lt;br&gt;''why?'' || '''duhaxag?'''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''how often?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hayen'''&lt;br&gt;''the way, how'' || '''ham'''&lt;br&gt;''the place, where'' || '''haj'''&lt;br&gt;''the time, when'' || '''hanog''' ~ '''hagla'''&lt;br&gt;''as, to the degree'' || '''hasav (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''for the reason (that), because''||'''haxag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often (...as)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''heyen'''&lt;br&gt;''somehow, in some way'' || '''hem'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhere'' || '''hej'''&lt;br&gt;''sometime'' || '''henog''' ~ '''hegla'''&lt;br&gt;''somewhat'' || '''hesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some reason''||'''hexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with some frequency''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise'' || '''hom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere'' || '''hoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never''  || '''honog''' ~ '''hogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason''||'''hoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''this way, so'' || '''him'''&lt;br&gt;''here'' || '''hij'''&lt;br&gt;''now'' || '''hinog''' ~ '''higla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, this, to this extent''  || '''hisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for this reason, hence''||'''hixag'''&lt;br&gt;''this often''
|-
| IMMEDIATE || '''hiiyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in the following way'' || '''hiim'''&lt;br&gt;''hereby'' || '''hiij'''&lt;br&gt;''here now'' || '''hiinog''' ~ '''hiigla'''&lt;br&gt;''to the following extent''  || '''hiisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the following reason''||'''hiixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often as follows''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huyen'''&lt;br&gt;''that way, thus'' || '''hum'''&lt;br&gt;''there'' || '''huj'''&lt;br&gt;''then''  || '''hunog''' ~ '''hugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, that, to that extent'' || '''husav'''&lt;br&gt;''for that reason, therefore, so''||'''huxag'''&lt;br&gt; ''that often''
|-
| INTENSIVE || '''huuyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in such a way, so, thus'' || '''huum'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a place'' || '''huuj'''&lt;br&gt;''at such a time''  || '''huunog''' ~ '''huugla'''&lt;br&gt;''so, to such an extend'' || '''huusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for such a reason''||'''huuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''so often''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyoyen'''&lt;br&gt;''in nowise whatever'' || '''hyom'''&lt;br&gt;''nowhere at all'' || '''hyoj'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''  || '''hyonog''' ~ '''hyogla'''&lt;br&gt; ''not at all'' || '''hyosav'''&lt;br&gt;''for no reason whatever''||'''hyoxag'''&lt;br&gt;''never ever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyayen'''&lt;br&gt;''totally, in every way'' || '''hyam'''&lt;br&gt;''everywhere'' || '''hyaj'''&lt;br&gt;''always'' || '''hyanog''' ~ '''hyagla'''&lt;br&gt;''totally'' || '''hyasav'''&lt;br&gt;''for every reason''||'''hyaxag'''&lt;br&gt;''always''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyeyen'''&lt;br&gt;''anyway'' || '''hyem'''&lt;br&gt;''anywhere, wherever'' || '''hyej'''&lt;br&gt;''whenever'' || '''hyenog''' ~ '''hyegla'''&lt;br&gt;''however, to any degree'' || '''hyesav'''&lt;br&gt;''for whatever reason''||'''hyexag'''&lt;br&gt;''with whatever frequency''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyiyen&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (hu)'''&lt;br&gt;''likewise, as, in the same way (that)'' || '''hyim'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same place'' || '''hyij'''&lt;br&gt;''at the same time'' || '''hyinog''' ~ '''hyigla''';&lt;br&gt;''as, to the same extent'' || '''hyisav'''&lt;br&gt;''for the same reason''||'''hyixag'''&lt;br&gt;''as often''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyuyen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''otherwise'' || '''hyum'''&lt;br&gt;''elsewhere'' || '''hyuj'''&lt;br&gt;''some other time'' || '''hyunog''' ~ '''hyugla'''&lt;br&gt;''not as'' || '''hyusav'''&lt;br&gt;''for some other reason''||'''hyuxag'''&lt;br&gt;''not as often''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;Note 1: '''-nog''' and '''-gla''' forms are synonymous, insofar as expressions of degree are concerned.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 2 '''hoxag?''' and other frequency forms can be also expressed as '''hogla jodi?'''....''how many times''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 3 '''hyi-''' can be substituted by '''gel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;small&gt;Note 4 '''hyu-''' can be substituted by '''ogel-'''.&lt;/small&gt;

: The longer, expanded forms of pro-adverbs can be used at any time.  For example:

::* '''At egteato et &lt;u&gt;hejob&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you again &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasun&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
::* '''Et yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;hubyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You shouldn't act &lt;u&gt;that way&lt;/u&gt;.''

: It should be noted that all of these pro-adverb determiners, unless used as nouns, such as in the sentence '''Iyt iyfe him.'''....''She likes this place (or) She likes it here.'', are really abbreviations of longer expressions with mostly the preposition '''be'''....''at''.  For example, '''At tambeseya hum.''', meaning ''I used to live there.'' is ignoring the preposition '''be''' from the longer, more explicit version '''At tambeseya &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; hum.''', lit. ''I used to live &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; that-place''.  The proper preposition must be explicitly present if something other than '''be'''....''at'' is meant.  For example, ''&lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; where?'' is expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hom?'''  Similarly, ''&lt;u&gt;up until&lt;/u&gt; then'' would be expressed as '''&lt;u&gt;byu&lt;/u&gt; huj'''.

: Here are some examples of how adverbial determiners are used:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambese?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;be DUHAa neM&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;at what place&lt;/u&gt;.'')
::* '''At tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I live &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et tambese &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt; hu ha mep uje.'''....''You live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the road ends.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; weti peye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you guys going?''
::* '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem&lt;/u&gt; hu et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;anywhere&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et byise?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you from?'' (Lit: ''Where do you originate.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
::* '''At voy tajaya &lt;u&gt;huj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I had not been born &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yeyfe duder &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You should respond &lt;u&gt;in the following way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot voy yefe daler &lt;u&gt;huuyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must not talk &lt;u&gt;in such a manner&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et pia &lt;u&gt;hesav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He left &lt;u&gt;for some reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoyen&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe hia vafil?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; do like this wine?''
::* '''Voy se fia axer &lt;u&gt;hiyen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is not good to act &lt;u&gt;this way&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhasav&lt;/u&gt; et tadsa &lt;u&gt;huunog&lt;/u&gt; jwa?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Why&lt;/u&gt; did you marry &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; late?''
::* '''Ha tob pia &lt;u&gt;hyosav&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man left &lt;u&gt;for no reason&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hwat pia &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it efa per hyum.'''....''The guy left &lt;u&gt;because( ~ [for] the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he needed to go elsewhere.''

: The different, somewhat confusing,  meanings of ''how'' are illustrated here:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; wit xa hus?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; did he do that?''.... (Equivalent to '''Be hoa byen...?'''....''In what way...?'') (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''.... (This is the normal way of saying ''How are you?'' or ''How do you do?'' (ADVERB OF MANNER)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayena&lt;/u&gt; sa ha dyezun?'''....'' &lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; was the film?''.... (''How'' here is an ADJECTIVE OF KIND, and thus ends in '''-a'''.)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhanog (= Hogla)&lt;/u&gt; aga it se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; big is he?''.... (ADVERB OF DEGREE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huunog (= Huugla)&lt;/u&gt; iyfla et se!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; nice you are!''.... (ADVERB OF EMPHATIC DEGREE)

: The conjunction ''as'' is expressed most often using pro-adverbs of manner:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.'' = (in) the way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; (or '''gelyen hu''' or even '''gel''') at xe.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I do.'' = (in) the same way that...
::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hiiyen&lt;/u&gt;:'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as follows&lt;/u&gt;:'' = (in) this hereby manner...

: However, the particle '''gel''' (''like, as'') can be substituted:

::* '''Xu &lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt; at de.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; I say.''

: Many of the pro-adverb determiners in the above chart can be relativized by adding the relative marker '''hu''' after the base form, eg:

::* '''At teaso et &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
::* '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; tosa yefa.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because (for the reason that)&lt;/u&gt; he felt compelled.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po, et so ga iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go, you'll be happier.''

: See more about this in the section on relative clauses under Verbs.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===

: The deictic prefixes can be combined with '''gla''' to form quantitative expressions acting as adverbial or adjectival determiners, and substantives (pronouns referring to things or people):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size;smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duhagla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''duhaglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''duhaglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''duhaglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hogla'''....''no'' || '''hoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hoglasi'''....''none of them '' || '''hoglati'''....''none''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it whatever'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them at all'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none whatever''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Here are some examples showing how these quantitative determiners are used:

::* '''Et deuze &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You sing &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;hegla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;somewhat&lt;/u&gt; tired.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; pati et teata hijub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; birds did you see today?''
::* '''At teata vyavay &lt;u&gt;hugla&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''I saw exactly &lt;u&gt;that many&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
::* '''Iyt fe &lt;u&gt;hyiglas&lt;/u&gt; vyel et.'''....''She wants &lt;u&gt;the same amount&lt;/u&gt; as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe yet?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many (people)&lt;/u&gt; agree with you?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
::* '''Yit fu &lt;u&gt;heglasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They would like &lt;u&gt;some (of them)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;hyeglasi&lt;/u&gt; et fe.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; you want.''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; booka.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; tired.''

: NOTE: The following determiners are synonymous and interchangeable:

::* '''hegla''' = '''gle''' = '''henog''' (''somewhat, to some degree'')
::* '''hyigla''' = '''ge''' = '''hyinog''' (''as, equally, to the same degree'')

: The determiners '''hogla''' and '''huugla''' can be used as exclamatory adverbs, eg.:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hogla&lt;/u&gt; et agsaye!'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; you have grown!''
::* '''Hua twob jagsaye &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''That man has aged &lt;u&gt;so much&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Hia jotul se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; fiteluza!'''....''This dessert is &lt;u&gt;sooo&lt;/u&gt; delicious!''


:: '''''Pronominal Determiners'''''
: For a discussion of '''''pronominal determiners''''' (or '''''possessive adjectives''''') like ''my, mine, yours, our own, etc.'', see [[Mirad_Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronominal Determiners]] under Pronouns.


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Pronominal Determiners == 
: Pronominal Determiners are what are more often called '''''possessive adjectives''''' such as ''my'' or ''your'' and are discussed in a subsection of [[Mirad Grammar/Pronouns#Pronominal Determiners|Pronouns]].

== Quantitative Determiners ==

: '''''Quantitative determiners''''' act in one of several ways, they:
::* specify mass, uncountable, singular nouns for relative AMOUNT, eg. ''much happiness, less work''
::* specify countable nouns for relative NUMBER, eg. ''one apple, two birds, many places''
::* specify adverbs, adjectives, and verbs for relative DEGREE, eg. ''how poorly, very good, eat too much''.
: From these,  pronominalized quantitative determiners for PERSONS and THINGS can be derived.
::* Inanimate singular pronouns are formed by adding '''s''' for AN AMOUNT OF A THING
::* Inanimate plural pronouns are formed by adding '''si''' for A NUMBER OF THINGS
::* Animate plural pronouns are formed by adding  '''ti''' for A NUMBER OF PERSONS.
: The following table presents most of these word forms:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Determiners
|-
! ADVERB / ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL INANIMATE PRONOUN !! PLURAL ANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
! DEGREE: How...(big / quickly)?&lt;br&gt;AMOUNT: How much...(money)?&lt;br&gt;NUMBER: How many...(books)? !! AMOUNT: How much...(+ STUFF)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ THINGS)? !! NUMBER: How many...(+ PEOPLE)?
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gas'''....''more (stuff)'' || '''gasi'''....''many (things)'' || '''gati'''....''many (people)''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, as much, as many'' || '''ges'''....''as much (stuff)'' || '''gesi'''....''as many (things)'' || '''geti'''....''as many people''
|-
| '''go'''....''less, fewer'' || '''gos'''....''less (stuff)'' || '''gosi'''....''fewer (things)'' || '''goti'''....''fewer (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gla'''....''very, much, many''&lt;br&gt;'''glay'''....''so, so much, so many'' || '''glas'''....''much (stuff)''&lt;br&gt;'''glays'''....''so much stuff'') || '''glasi'''....''many (things)''&lt;br&gt;'''glaysi'''....''so many (things)'' || '''glati'''....''many (people)''&lt;br&gt;'''glayti'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| '''gle'''....''rather, quite a lot, quite a few'' || '''gles'''....''quite a lot (of stuff)'' || '''glesi'''....''quite a lot (of things)'' || '''gleti'''....''quite a few (people)''
|-
| '''glo'''....''slightly, a little, few'' || '''glos'''....''a little bit'' || '''glosi'''....''a few (things)'' || '''gloti'''....''few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gra'''....''too, too much, too many'' || '''gras'''....''too much (stuff)'' || '''grasi'''....''too many (things)'' || '''grati'''....''too many (people)''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gres'''....''enough (stuff)'' || '''gresi'''....''enough (things)'' || '''greti'''....''enough (people)''
|-
| '''gro'''....''insufficiently, too little, too few'' || '''gros'''....''too little'' || '''grosi'''....''too few''  || '''groti'''....''too few (people)''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwas'''....''the most (stuff)'' || '''gwasi'''....''the most (things)'' || '''gwati'''....''most people''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''just so (much/many)'' || '''gwes'''....''just so much'' || '''gwesi'''....''just so many'' || '''gweti'''....''just so many (people)''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least'' || '''gwos'''....''the least (stuff)'' || '''gwosi'''....''the least (number of)'' || '''gwoti'''....''the least number (of people)''
|}

: Examples Using Quantitative Determiners
:: Adverbs of degree modifying an adjective:
:::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; iva.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; happy.''
:::* '''Et sa &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; uga.'''....''You were &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; slow.''
:: Adverbs of Degree modifying another adverb:
:::* '''Twobi dale &lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt; igay vyel toybi.'''....''Men talk &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; fast as women.''
:::* '''Yat yexe &lt;u&gt;ga igay&lt;/u&gt; vyel yet.'''....''We work faster (= &lt;u&gt;more quickly&lt;/u&gt;) than you.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a singular mass noun:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt; nas efwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More&lt;/u&gt; money will be needed.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gra&lt;/u&gt; nas noxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too much&lt;/u&gt; money was spent.''
:: Adjectives quantifying a plural countable noun (= things or people):
:::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt; sari.'''....''I've got &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt; tools.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt; tami osexwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; houses were destroyed.''
:::* '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;gla ga&lt;/u&gt; valkdibuti.'''....''We need &lt;u&gt;many more&lt;/u&gt; policemen.''
:: Pronouns referring to a mass amount of something (= stuff):
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Gas&lt;/u&gt; ilokeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;More (stuff)&lt;/u&gt; is leaking.''
:::* '''Et dileye &lt;u&gt;gras&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You are asking for &lt;u&gt;too much (stuff)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''Yat kexo &lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will seek &lt;u&gt;as much (stuff) as possible&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At iba &lt;u&gt;gwes&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I received &lt;u&gt;just the right amount.&lt;/u&gt;''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of things:
:::* '''Hisi se fia oy yat fe &lt;u&gt;gasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''These (items) are good but we want &lt;u&gt;more (items)&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::* '''At teate drilari oy &lt;u&gt;grosi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I see pens, but &lt;u&gt;too few&lt;/u&gt;.''
:: Pronouns referring to a countable number of people:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grati&lt;/u&gt; xaye vyoki be hia yexem.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Too many (people)&lt;/u&gt; have made mistakes at this work site.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe oy &lt;u&gt;gloti&lt;/u&gt; kexbiwe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Many&lt;/u&gt; are called but &lt;u&gt;few&lt;/u&gt; are chosen.''

== Numerical Determiners ==

: Numerical determiners are number words that modify nouns, such as ''one'', ''fifty'', ''a hundred''. They are based on the cardinal numbers, which are explained here:

=== Cardinal Numerals ===

: The cardinal numerals are words used in counting.  These words are based on the vowels of Mirad and are crucial to any hierarchical or scalar ordering of lexical concepts.

:* The unit cardinal numbers are formed from the plain and pre-'''y'''-glided vowels:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; text-align:center&quot;
|+ Unit Cardinal Numbers
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''o''' || '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''u''' || '''yo''' || '''ya''' || '''ye''' || '''yi''' || '''yu'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
:: The cardinal numerals 5-9 are pre-y-glided versions of the vowels that constitute 0-4.

==== Ordinal Vowels ====
::* The cardinal numerals are used as '''''ordinal vowels''''' in word-building. An example is the word '''mer''' (''planet'').  Here, the cardinal numbers are added as a secondary ordinal vowel to the stem vowel to create the names of the planets in our solar system:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planet names 
|-
! MONTH !! ORDINAL VOWEL....NUMERIC VALUE
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury'' || '''a'''....1
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus'' || '''e'''....2
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' || '''i'''....3
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars'' || '''u'''....4
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yo'''....5
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn'' || '''ya'''....6
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus'' || '''ye'''....7
|-
| '''me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto'' || '''yi'''....8
|}
::(See more on this in the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation|Vocabulary Formation]].
::* The cardinal numerals are also used in counting, for example, at a sports countdown.
::* The cardinal numerals are employed in reciting telephone numbers and addresses, for example:
::: '''Ata yibdalar sag se 703-842-6190 (pronounced: ye-o-i-yi-u-e-ya-a-yu-o).'''....''My telephone number is...''.
::: '''At tambese 114 Maple Street.''' (pronouned: '''a-a-u''' Maple Street)
::* They are further used in mathematical operations.  For example:
::: '''E gab e se u.'''....''Two plus two is four.''

==== Units ====
:: To make the unit numerals more understandable in contexts such as counting, arithmetic, and telephone communications, the unit formant '''wa''' is added to them.  The '''wa''' formant is added only when the unit numbers stand alone, not in conjunction with higher numerals, such as the teens, hundreds, etc.  More importantly, the numbers 0-9, when used as '''''adjectival numerical determiners''''' modifying nouns, MUST take this '''wa''' formant (see the section below on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Integral Numerical Determiners|Integral Numerical Determiners]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Numerals with '''wa''' Formant
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9
|-
| '''owa''' || '''awa''' || '''ewa''' || '''iwa''' || '''uwa''' || '''yowa''' || '''yawa''' || '''yewa''' || '''yiwa''' || '''yuwa'''
|-
| ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}
: Examples:
:::* '''Ata kosag se &quot;awa yowa ewa yiwa&quot;.'''....''My code is &quot;one five two eight&quot;.''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uwa&lt;/u&gt; tami.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Four&lt;/u&gt; houses.''
:::* '''At bee &lt;u&gt;yuwa&lt;/u&gt; tudi.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;nine&lt;/u&gt; children.''
:::* '''Iyt bee &lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt; tud.'''....''She has &lt;u&gt;no (=zero)&lt;/u&gt; children (=child).''

==== Decades ====
::*  The decade formant '''-l-''' is used to form the '''''decades'''''.  Followed by '''-o'''....''zero'', we have the base decade numbers:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decades with the -l- Formant
|-
! 10 !! 20 !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70 !! 80 !! 90
|-
| '''alo''' || '''elo''' || '''ilo''' || '''ulo''' || '''yolo''' || '''yalo''' || '''yelo''' || '''yilo''' || '''yulo'''
|-
| ''ten'' || ''twenty'' || ''thirty'' || ''forty'' || ''fifty'' || ''sixty'' || ''seventy'' || ''eighty'' || ''ninety''
|}
::: By changing the '''o'''....''zero'' in '''lo''' to other cardinal unit numerals, the numerals within decades can be generated as follows:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Decadal Counting
|-
| '''ala'''....''11'' || '''ela'''....''21'' || '''ila'''....''31'' || '''ula'''....''41'' || '''yola'''....''51'' || '''yala'''....''61'' || '''yela'''....''71'' || '''yila'''....''81'' || '''yula'''....''91''
|-
| '''ale'''....''12'' || '''ele'''....''22'' || '''ile'''....''32'' || '''ule'''....''42'' || '''yole'''....''52'' || '''yale'''....''62'' || '''yele'''....''72'' || '''yile'''....''82'' || '''yule'''....''92''
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|-
| '''alyu'''....''19'' || '''elyu'''....''29'' || '''ilyu'''....''39'' || '''ulyu'''....''49'' || '''yolyu'''....''59'' || '''yalyu'''....''69'' || '''yelyu'''....''79'' || '''yilyu'''....''89'' || '''yulyu'''....''99''
|}

==== Hundreds ====
::* By adding the hundreds formant '''s''', you get the '''''hundreds''''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hundreds with the -s- Formant
|-
! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500 !! 600 !! 700 !! 800 !! 900
|-
| '''aso''' || '''eso''' || '''iso''' || '''uso''' || '''yoso''' || '''yaso''' || '''yeso''' || '''yiso''' || '''yuso'''
|}
::: All the numerals in-between the hundreds, can be generated by modifying the '''so''' ending, for example:
:::* '''asa'''....''101''
:::* '''asale'''....''112''
:::* '''usyulyu'''....''599''

==== Thousands ====
::* The '''''thousands''''' are generated with the formant '''r''':
:
:: Note: The number categories starting with the thousands on up end in '''-o''' and are separated from the rest of a number by a space.
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thousands
|-
! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 7000 !! 8000 !! 9000
|-
| '''aro''' || '''ero''' || '''iro''' || '''uro''' || '''yoro''' || '''yaro''' || '''yero''' || '''yiro''' || '''yuro'''
|}

:::* '''aro'''....''1,000''
:::* '''aro a'''....''1,001''
:::* '''ero isi'''....''2,300''
:::* '''yoro yasula'''....''5,641''

==== Millions ====
::* The '''''millions''''' are generated with the formant '''ml''':
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Millions with the -ml- Formant
|-
! 1000,000 !! 2000,000 !! 3000,000 !! 4000,000 !! 5000,000 !! 6000,000 !! 7000,000 !! 8000,000 !! 9000,000
|-
| '''amlo''' || '''emlo''' || '''imlo''' || '''umlo''' || '''yomlo''' || '''yamlo''' || '''yemlo''' || '''yimlo''' || '''yumlo'''
|}
:::* '''emlo yala'''....''2,000,051''
:::* '''umlo esu'''....''4,000,204''

==== Billions ====
::* The '''''billions''''' are generated with the formant '''mr''';
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Billions
|-
! 1000,000,0000 !! 2000,000,0000 !! 3000,000,0000 !! 4000,000,0000 !! 5000,000,0000 !! 6000,000,0000 !! 7000,000,0000 !! 8000,000,0000 !! 9000,000,0000
|-
| '''amro''' || '''emro''' || '''imro''' || '''umro''' || '''yomro''' || '''yamro''' || '''yemro''' || '''yimro''' || '''yumro'''
|}
:::* '''imro emlo yoro asyula'''....''three billion, two million, five thousand, one hundred fifty one''
:::* '''iro asyulyo'''....''3,195''
:::* '''yamlo asyulyo'''....''6,000,195''
:::* '''alomro yelyomlo asyilyaro yusele'''....''10,075,186,922''
==== Trillions etc. ====
: The '''''trillions''''' are generated with the word '''garale''', which means ''10 to the positive power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;+10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
: The '''''trillionths''''' are generated with the word '''gorale''', which means ''10 to the negative power of 12 or 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;.''
::* '''iwa garale aoti'''....''three trillion people''
::* '''uwa goraleni bi ha mor'''....''three trillionths of the universe''
: Even higher numbers are shown in the chart in the next section.

=== Overall Numbers Chart ===
: The following chart shows the entire Mirad number scheme:
:
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;RADICAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;CARDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;br&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ORDINAL ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;ENTITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PERSON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;MULTIPLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;PREFIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ADJECTIVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;FRACTION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;VERB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;owa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;null-, non-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zeroth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;oon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonentry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonperson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;onxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nullify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;awa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;uni-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mono-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;singul-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;solo-, one-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;first, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;primary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unit,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;monad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unitary,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;haplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aonxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;unify&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;holo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;ayna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: bold;&quot;&gt;aynxer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;integrate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;di-, du-,bi-, bin-, bis-, dupli-, diplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dis-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pair,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;dyad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duplex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;couple, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;duo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;twin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;two-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;double, duplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eyn&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;semi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;demi-, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half-. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hemi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;half&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;eynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;halve,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut in two&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;in&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tri-, triplo-, tris-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terciary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trio,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;threesome, triplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;three-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;triple, triplicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;iyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;terci-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trient-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ter-, tern-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;third&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;iynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut three way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;un&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadri-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetra-, tetraplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fourth, quaternary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tetrad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quartet, foursome, quadruplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;four-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadruple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;uyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;quarter, fourth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quater-, quadrant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quarter,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut four ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yowa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;penta-, pentaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pentad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fivesome, quintuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;five-fold, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quinti-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fifth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut five ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yawa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hexad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple, sextuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;six-fold, sextant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yayn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextant-, sext-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yayna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sixth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yaynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut six ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ye&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yewa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septa-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hepta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seven-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yeyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;seventh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yeynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut seven ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiwa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octi-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octa-, octaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octet,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuplet, octuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eight-fold, octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yionxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yiyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;octant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;eighth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yiynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut eight ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nona-, enneaplo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonet, nonuplet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nine-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonuple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;yuyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;nonant-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;novi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ninth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yuynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut nine ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deca-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gara&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of ten,decimvirate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;ten-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;alonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;by ten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;deci-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gora&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tenth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aloynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;decimate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundreds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aso&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hecto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gare&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ason&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;century,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hectad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundred-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a hundred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;cent, percent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;centi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gore&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;hundredth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;asoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into hundredths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;r-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;kilo-,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousandth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millennium,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousand-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a thousand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;aroyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;milli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;thousanth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into thousanths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;ml&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;mega-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;myriad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;million-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amlonxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a million&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amloyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;micro-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amloyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;millionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amsoynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into millionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;mr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;giga-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garyu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billiion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;group of a billion people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amrona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billion-fold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amronxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;multiply by a billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;amsoyn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyn&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goryu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroyna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;billionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;amroynxer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;cut into billionths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tera-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a trillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;pico-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;galalyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;peta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyoa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quadrillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;femto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;exa-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garalyia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a quintillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;goralyi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;atto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zetta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelaa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a sextillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorela&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;zepto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septiliion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 70px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yotta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 81px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;garelua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 67px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 78px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 75px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 84px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 92px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelun&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;a septillionth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 74px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;gorelu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;yocto-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 79px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Integral Numerical Determiners ===
: Integral Numerical Determiners are adjectives based on whole numerals that modify a following noun.

: The unit integral numerals are combined with the formant '''wa''' to form the first ten numerical determiners that are used to quantify a noun.  The noun following the numerical determiner is plural if the number is greater than one.  The '''wa''' formant is used on unit numerals when they are stand-alone, not when they are part of a larger number.   Unlike English, &quot;zero&quot; is followed by a singular noun.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Unit Integral Numerical Determiners
|-
! '''owa tam''' !! '''awa tam''' !! '''ewa tami''' !! '''iwa tami''' !! '''uwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''no/zero houses'' || ''one house'' || ''two houses'' || ''three houses'' || ''four houses''
|-
! '''yowa tami''' !! '''yawa tami''' !! '''yewa tami''' !! '''yiwa tami''' !! '''yuwa tami''' 
|-
|  ''five houses'' || ''six houses'' || ''seven houses'' || ''eight houses'' || ''nine houses''
|}

:: In a sequence of noun modifiers, the numerical determiner goes in the same place as in English, eg:

::* '''Ata &lt;u&gt;iwa&lt;/u&gt; gajaga twidi...'''....''My &lt;u&gt;three&lt;/u&gt; older brothers...''

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numerical Determiners in Use
|-
! Mirad !! English !! '''Wa''' Behavior !! Pluralization Behavior
|-
| '''o&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt; tam''' || ''no houses, zero houses'' || The numeral is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed.  || The numeral is less than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is singular.
|-
| '''awa tam''' || ''one house, a house''|| &quot; ||  &quot;
|-
| '''ewa tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''two houses''|| &quot; || The numeral is greater than 2, &lt;br&gt;so the noun is plural.
|-
| '''iwa tami''' || ''three houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''uwa tami''' || ''four houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yowa tami''' || ''five houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yawa tami''' || ''six houses''|| &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yewa tami''' || ''seven houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''yiwa tami''' || ''eight houses'' || &quot;  || &quot;
|-
| '''yuwa tami''' || ''nine houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''alo tami''' || ''ten houses'' || The numeral is not a unit &lt;br&gt;so no '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''ase tami''' || ''a hundred two houses'' || &quot; || &quot;
|-
| '''ero iwa tami''' || ''two thousand three houses'' || The numeral '''i''' is a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is suffixed. || &quot;
|-
| '''iro alo tami''' || ''three thousand ten houses'' || The numeral '''alo''' is not a unit, &lt;br&gt;so '''wa''' is not suffixed. || &quot;
|}
: Integral numerical determiners can be pronominalized as things and persons by suffixing '''s''' or '''t''', respectively.  These can, in turn, be pluralized by suffixing '''i'''.  Furthermore, person pronouns can be feminized with a '''y''' before the '''t'''.  The '''s''' suffix is short for '''sun'''....''thing'' or '''suni'''....''things''.  The '''t''' ending is short for '''aot'''....''person'' or '''aoti'''....''persons.'' For example:

::* '''Et ayse awa tam.  At gey ayse &lt;u&gt;awas&lt;/u&gt; (= awa sun).'''....''You have one house.  I have &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; too.''
::* '''At aysa alo dresari.  Hij at ayse anay &lt;u&gt;ewasi&lt;/u&gt; (= ewa suni).'''....''I had ten pencils.  Now I only have &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Esa &lt;u&gt;asoti&lt;/u&gt; (= aso aoti) yeb ha duzam.'''.... '''There were &lt;u&gt;a hundred people&lt;/u&gt; in the concert hall.'''
::* '''Yat yefe kexbier &lt;u&gt;eluyti&lt;/u&gt; (= elu aoyti) bi huti.'''....''We must choose &lt;u&gt;twenty-four females&lt;/u&gt; from those people.''

=== Ordinal Numerical Determiners ===

: Ordinal numerical determiners like ''first'', ''second'', etc. are formed from the cardinal numerals by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the cardinal numeral.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Determiners
|-
! Cardinal Numeral !! Ordinal Numerical Determiner
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oa'''....''zeroth''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ia'''....''third''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloa'''....''tenth''
|-
| '''asu'''....''104'' || '''asua'''....''104th''
|-
| '''garale'''....''trillion'' || '''garalea'''....''trillionth''
|}

: The word '''nap'''....''order'' can be inserted in these words to make them more comprehensible in speech:

::* '''anapa'''....''first'', ''first in order'', ''primary''
::* '''enapa'''....''second'', ''second in order'', ''secondary''
::* '''inapa'''....''third'', ''third in order'', ''tertiary''
::* '''alanapa'''....''eleventh'', ''eleventh in order''

: There are other ordinal adjectives that are not based on numbers:

::* '''ijna'''....''initial, first, original''
::* '''ujna'''....''last, final''
::* '''ajna'''....''past, ex-, former, old''
::* '''ojna'''....''future''
::* '''ejna'''....''current, new, present''
::* '''jana'''....''previous, last''
::* '''jona'''....''next, following''
::* '''zana'''....''next''
::* '''zona'''....''previous, last''

: Ordinal determiners and adjectives can be converted into adverbs by adding the suffix '''y''' to the adjectival counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ordinal Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''aa'''....''first'' || '''aay'''....''firstly''
|-
| '''anapa'''....''first'' || '''anapay'''....''primarily''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second'' || '''eay'''....''secondly''
|-
| '''ujna'''....''last'' || '''ujnay'''....''finally''
|}

: Ordinal determiners can be converted to animate pronouns (persons) with the suffix '''t''' and inanimate pronouns (things) with the suffix '''s'''.  These, in turn, can be pluralized with the suffix '''i'''.  The person pronouns can also be feminized.

::* '''ha aas'''....''the first thing''
::* '''ha aat'''....''the first person''
::* '''ha aati'''....''the first people''
::* '''hua aayt'''....''that first female''
::* '''ha eas'''....''the second thing''
::* '''eat'''....''another / a second person''
::* '''ha ujnati so ha ijnati'''....''the last shall be first''

: Again, in the sequencing of stacked adjectival elements, the order is as in English, that is: &lt;deictic or pronominal determiner&gt; | &lt;ordinal determiner&gt; | &lt;cardinal numerical determiner&gt; | &lt;adjective&gt;

::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt; aga tami'''....''those &lt;u&gt;four&lt;/u&gt; big houses''
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt; alo oga tami'''....''the &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; ten little houses''
::* '''ata &lt;u&gt;anapa&lt;/u&gt; ewa oga tudi'''....''my &lt;u&gt;first&lt;/u&gt; two little children''

=== Fractional Numerical Determiners ===

: Fractional numerical determiners like ''half'' and ''quarter'' are formed by adding '''-yn''' for those functioning as nouns, '''-yna''' for adjectives, '''-ynay''' for adverbs, or '''-y(n)''' for prefixes, to the respective cardinal number.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Fractional Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! FRACTION AS NOUN !! AS ADJECTIVE !! AS ADVERB || AS PREFIX || AS VERB
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oyn'''....''a void, vacuum'' || '''oyna'''....''non-existant'' || -- || '''oy(n)-'''....''devoid of'' || '''oynxer'''....''annihilate''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''ayn'''....''whole''&lt;br&gt;'''ha ayn'''....''the whole'' || '''ayna'''....''entire, whole'' || '''aynay'''....''entirely'' || '''ay(n)-'''....''holo-, whole-, all-'' || '''aynxer'''....''integrate''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eyn'''....''a half'' || '''eyna'''....''half'' || '''eynay'''....''halfway'' || '''ey(n)-'''....''half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-'' || '''eynxer'''....''halve''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''iyn'''....''a third'' || '''iyna'''....''third'' || '''iynay'''....''by a third'' || '''iy(n)-'''....''terci''- || '''iynxer'''....''cut in third''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uyn'''....''a quarter'' || '''uyna'''....''quarter'' || '''uynay'''....''quarterly'' || '''uy(n)-'''....''quadri''- || '''uynxer'''....''quarter''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''aloyn'''....''a tenth'' || '''aloyna'''....''tenth'' || '''aloynay'''....''by a tenth'' || '''aloy(n)-'''....''deci''- || '''aloynxer'''....''decimate''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''asoyn'''....''hundredth, percent'' || '''asoyna'''....''hundredth'' || '''asoynay'''....''by a hundredth'' || '''asoy(n)-'''....''centi-'' || '''asoynxer'''....''cut by a hundred''
|}

: Here are some examples:

:* '''His uxo ha &lt;u&gt;oynxen&lt;/u&gt; bi yata mir.'''....''This will cause the &lt;u&gt;anihilation&lt;/u&gt; of our world.''
:* '''Ha &lt;u&gt;ayna&lt;/u&gt; mir te ayv et.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; world knows about you.''
:* '''Has se gas vyel ha &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt; bi hasa goni.'''....''It is more than the &lt;u&gt;whole&lt;/u&gt; of its parts.''
:* '''Fransad se &lt;u&gt;ayn&lt;/u&gt;druna dalzeyn.'''....''France is a &lt;u&gt;holo&lt;/u&gt;phrastic language.''
:* '''Et yafe bier &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has.'''....''You can take &lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt; of it.''
:* '''Yat yefo &lt;u&gt;eynxer&lt;/u&gt; eta yexnix.'''....''We will have to &lt;u&gt;halve&lt;/u&gt; your salary.''
:* '''Hus sa &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;vyan.'''....''That was a &lt;u&gt;half-&lt;/u&gt;truth.''
:* '''Eso &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunida dropek.'''....''There is going to be a &lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;spheric war.''
:* '''Duven his se &lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;utexea dopar?'''....''Is this a &lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;automatic weapon?''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynxu&lt;/u&gt; hua ableyavol.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Cut&lt;/u&gt; that pie &lt;u&gt;in thirds&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''It yeyfe bixwer ay &lt;u&gt;uynxwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He should be drawn and &lt;u&gt;quartered&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia nas se &lt;u&gt;aloyn&lt;/u&gt; bi has hu yat aysa zojab.'''....''This money is a &lt;u&gt;tenth&lt;/u&gt; of what we had last year.''
:* '''Ha dep &lt;u&gt;aloynxwu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The army &lt;u&gt;would be decimated.&lt;/u&gt;''
:* '''Ewa &lt;u&gt;asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi ha dityan baksa.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;percent (=hundredths)&lt;/u&gt; of the citizenry got sick.''
:* '''Hia tom se anay &lt;u&gt;asoyn&lt;/u&gt;ge aga vyel hua tom.'''....''This building is only &lt;u&gt;a hundredth&lt;/u&gt; as big as that building.''

: The fractional adverbs can be used as in these examples:

:* '''Et so &lt;u&gt;aynay&lt;/u&gt; dudyefa av eta xeyni.'''....'''You will be &lt;u&gt;wholly&lt;/u&gt; accountable for your actions.'''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eynay&lt;/u&gt; tikabeloka.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=halfway) threw up.''

: Pronominalizations like ''half of it, a third of them'':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynas&lt;/u&gt; sa fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of it&lt;/u&gt; was good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Eynasi&lt;/u&gt; sa fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Half of them&lt;/u&gt; (things) were bad.''
::* '''Esa uwa tobi se hua fukyes.  &lt;u&gt;Eynati&lt;/u&gt; toja.'''....''There were four people in that accident.  &lt;u&gt;Half (of them)&lt;/u&gt; died.''  
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yet se vyaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A third&lt;/u&gt; of you are right.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uynati&lt;/u&gt; bi yat yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;A quarter&lt;/u&gt; of us agree.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Alo asoyni&lt;/u&gt; bi hia dyesi fyunxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ten percent&lt;/u&gt; of these books were ruined.''

==== Multiplicative Numerical Determiners ====

: Multiplicative numerical determiners like ''double'', ''triple'' can be formed by adding '''-on''' to the respective cardinal numeral if the numeral is '''''monosyllabic''''', otherwise just '''-n'''.  These noun forms can be adjectivized with the suffix '''-a'''. They can also serve as prefixes on  animate nouns, inanimate nouns, and prefixes, as the following chart shows.  The prefix ending, '''-n''' is often dropped.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; 
|+ Multiplicative Numerical Determiners
|-
! CARDINAL NUMERAL !! MULTIPLE AS NOUN !! ...AS ADJECTIVE !! ...AS ADVERB !! ...AS PREFIX !! ...AS VERB-MAKER
|-
| '''o'''....''zero'' || '''oon'''....''null'' || '''oona'''....''nil'' || || '''on-'''....''zero-'' || '''onxer'''....''cancel, zero out''
|-
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''aon'''....''single'' || '''aona'''....''single'' || '''aonay'''....''singly'' || '''an-'''....''uni-/mono-'' || '''anxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''e'''....''two'' || '''eon'''....''twosome, double'' || '''eona'''....''double'' || '''eonay'''....''doubly'' || '''en-'''....''di-/bi-'' || '''enxer'''....''double''
|-
| '''i'''....''three'' || '''ion'''....''threesome, triplet'' || '''iona'''....''triple'' || '''ionay'''....''triply'' || '''in-'''....''tri-''- || '''inxer'''....''triple''
|-
| '''u'''....''four'' || '''uon'''....''quartet'' || '''uona'''....''quadruple'' || '''uonay'''....''quadruply'' || '''un-'''....''quadri-/tetra-'' || '''unxer'''....''quadruple''
|-
| '''yo'''....''five'' || '''yoon'''....''quintet'' || '''yoona'''....''quintuple'' || '''yoonay'''....''quintuply'' || '''yoon-*'''....''quinti-/penta-'' || '''yoonxer*'''....''quintuple''
|-
| '''ya'''....''six'' || '''yaon'''....''sextet'' || '''yaona'''....''sextuple'' || '''yaonay'''....''sextuply'' || '''yaon-*'''....''sexi-/hexa-'' || '''yaonxer*'''....''sextuple''
|-
| '''alo'''....''ten'' || '''alon'''....''decade'' || '''alona'''....''decadic'' || '''alonay'''....''by a multiple of ten'' || '''alon-'''....''deca-'' || '''alonxer'''....''multiply by ten''
|-
| '''aso'''....''hundred'' || '''ason'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asona'''....''hundredfold'' || '''asonay'''....''by a hundredfold'' || '''ason-'''....''hecato-'' || '''asonxer'''....''multiply by a hundred''
|}

:: * &lt;small&gt;An extra ''o'' is added to these prefixes to avoid ambiguity with '''yan''' meaning ''together'' and '''yon''' meaning ''apart.''&lt;/small&gt;

: The multiplicative noun ''dozen'' is expressed by '''aleon'''.

:* '''&lt;u&gt;Aleoni&lt;/u&gt; bi pati yizpapa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Dozens&lt;/u&gt; of birds flew by.''

: By adding the suffix '''-at''' to the noun multiple, we get groupings of people.  The '''-na-''' in some of these words can be omitted, thereby simplifying the words:

:* '''aonat''' or '''aot''' ....''solo, single, person''
::* '''aonatser''' of '''aotser'''....''become single, become a person''
::* '''aonawat'''....''singleton''
:* '''eonat''' or '''eot'''....''duo, pair, twosome, couple''
::* '''eotxer'''....''to copulate''
::* '''eonawat'''....''twin''
:* '''ionat''' or '''iot'''....''trio, threesome, trinity''
::* '''iotxer'''....''to do a threesome''
::* '''Ionatin'''....''Trinitarianism''
::* '''ionawati'''....''triplets''
:* '''uonat''' or '''uot''' ....''quartet, foursome''
::* '''uonawat'''....''quadruplet''
:* '''yoonat''' or '''yoot'''....''quintet, group of five people''
::* '''yoonawati'''....''quintuplets''
::* '''yoonati'''....''quintets''


: By adding the suffix '''-un''' instead of '''-on''', we get the following:

:* '''aun'''....''unit''
::* '''auna'''....''unitary, individual''
::* '''aunser'''....''unite''
::* '''aunyan'''....''series''
:::* '''aunyana'''....''serial''
:* '''eun'''....''pair''
::* '''euna'''....''even, paired, binary''
::* '''oleuna'''....''odd, non-binary, uneven, unpaired''
:::* '''oleunat'''....''odd man out''
:::* '''eunxer'''....''even out''

: Some examples where the above multiple determiners and derivatives are used:

::* '''Yat naptyopa be &lt;u&gt;eo(na)ti&lt;/u&gt; yez bi ha mep.'''....''We marched in &lt;u&gt;twos (= pairs)&lt;/u&gt; down the street.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Asonati&lt;/u&gt; upo bay yat bu hia ovdal.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hundreds (of people)&lt;/u&gt; will come with us to this protest.''
::* '''Hia ivxel xwe &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;jabay.'''....''This celebration happens &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;ennially.''
::* '''Iyt se &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tupokat.'''....''She is a &lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;plegic. (Lit: x 4+limb+loss+person)''
::* '''Diwe sagu ha &lt;u&gt;auni&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Please count the &lt;u&gt;units&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet gafisa &lt;u&gt;aronay&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''You all have improved &lt;u&gt;a thousandfold&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Tob se &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tyoyaba sat.'''....''Man is a &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;pedal creature.''

: Note: Sometimes the multiple prefix ending in '''-on''' in the numbers below ten is shortened to '''-n''' in common words:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;zyuk'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cycle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;angle''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;quadr&lt;/u&gt;angle''

: Note: The prefixes for ''penta-/quinti-'' and ''hexa-/sext-'' must keep the '''-on''' so as to distinguish them from the prefixes '''yon'''....''apart'' and '''yan'''....''together''.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''....''&lt;u&gt;quinti&lt;/u&gt;partite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''separate, go &lt;u&gt;apart&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''....''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;BUT: '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''meet, come &lt;u&gt;together&lt;/u&gt;''

=== Metric Units ===
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are preceded by the word '''hel-'''.  The measurement unit names are followed by '''nak''' (''measurement unit'').

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agyonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixuak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak''' or '''litr(i)'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heanak''' or '''hektar(i)'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak''' or '''ton(i)'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak''' or '''decibel(i)'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gol-sonak-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kigenak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minak-gar-iwa-gol-kinak-ge'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aganak-gol-minak'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''minolinak-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kinak-ge-gol-minak-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''canak-da-gol-minak-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  '''Sagon''' means '''byte''', so '''garale-sagon''' is ''terabyte''.  This breaks down to ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' *... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' *....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da'' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hecto-'' **|| ''h'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T'' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y'' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''
|}

: *Note: The '''-n''' or '''-on''' can sometimes be omitted in macro-prefixation, especially where there is no ambiguity. The '''-n''' (but NOT the '''-yn''') in the micro prefixes can also sometimes be omitted.
:
: **Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Greek letter equivalents in Mirad are preceded by '''hel-'''.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daagenak''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dagenak'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hectogram)|| '''hegenak''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cagenak'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''kogenak''' || ''mg'' (milligram)||'''migenak'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (macrpgram)|| '''agmigenak''' ||''μg'' (microgram)|| '''helmigenak'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggegenak''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nigenak'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtogenak''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''pogenak'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpogenak''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fegenak'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agegenak''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''agenak'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzegenak''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zegenak'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyugenak''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yugenak'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo kogenak gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale miminak gar iwa''

=== Adverbial Determiners of Frequency ===

: There are two ways to form determiners of frequency:
::* Using '''jod(i)''' meaning ''occasion(s), instance(s), time(s)'', or
::* Using '''xag''' meaning ''frequency''

: Here is a chart showing the most common frequency determiners:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Frequentative Determiners
|-
! &quot;JOD&quot; METHOD !! &quot;XAG&quot; METHOD !! MEANING
|-
| '''duhagla jodi?''' || '''duhaxag?''' || ''how often?, how many times?''
|-
| '''hagla jodi''' || '''haxag''' || ''as many times, as often''
|-
| '''hegla jodi''' || '''hexag''' || ''sometimes, on some occasions''
|-
| '''hogla jodi''' || '''hoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion''
|-
| '''higla jodi''' || '''hixag''' || ''this often, this many times''
|-
| '''hugla jodi''' || '''huxag''' || ''that often, that many times, so many times''
|-
| '''huugla jodi''' || '''huuxag''' || ''so often, so many times''
|-
| '''hyogla jodi''' || '''hyoxag''' || ''never, on no occasion whatever''
|-
| '''hyagla jodi''' || '''hyaxag''' || ''always, at all times''
|-
| '''hyegla jodi''' || '''hyexag''' || ''any number of times, however often''
|-
| '''hyigla jodi''' || '''hyixag''' || ''as often, the same number of times''
|-
| '''hyugla jodi''' || '''hyuxag''' || ''not as often, some other number of times''
|-
| '''ga jodi''' || '''gaxag (vyel)''' || ''more often (than)''
|-
| '''ge jodi''' || '''gexag (vyel)''' || ''as many times (as), as often (as)''
|-
| '''go jodi''' || '''goxag (vyel)''' || ''less often (than)''
|-
| '''gla jodi''' || '''glaxag''' || ''many times, often''
|-
| '''gle jodi''' || '''glexag''' || ''quite a few times, quite often''
|-
| '''glo jodi''' || '''gloxag''' || ''not so many times, seldom''
|-
| '''gra jodi''' || '''graxag''' || ''too often''
|-
| '''gre jodi''' || '''grexag''' || ''often enough''
|-
| '''gro jodi''' || '''groxag''' || ''too seldom''
|-
| '''gwa jodi''' || '''gwaxag''' || ''as often as possible, most often, most times''
|-
| '''gwe jodi''' || '''gwexag''' || ''an average number of times''
|-
| '''gwo jodi''' || '''gwoxag''' || ''least often, as seldom as possible''
|-
| '''owa jod''' || -- || ''never, at no time, zero times''
|-
| '''awa jod''' || -- || ''once, one time''
|-
| '''ewa jodi''' || -- || ''twice, two times''
|- 
| '''iwa jodi''' || -- || ''thrice, three times''
|-
| '''alo jodi''' || --|| ''ten times''
|-
|- '''asooni bi jodi''' || -- || ''hundreds of times''
|-
|- '''yowa gal haxag vyel zojab''' || -- || ''five times as often as last year''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaxag&lt;/u&gt; et pe ha tayegoblut?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How often&lt;/u&gt; do you go to the barber?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhagla jodi&lt;/u&gt; et akaye hia ekun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many times&lt;/u&gt; have you won this game?''
::* '''At teataye hua dyezun &lt;u&gt;iwa ey uwa jodi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have seen that film &lt;u&gt;three or four times&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At teataye has &lt;u&gt;huugla jodi (or: huuxag) van&lt;/u&gt; at bokxeye.'''....''I have seen it &lt;u&gt;so many times that&lt;/u&gt; I am getting sick.''
::* '''Hus xwaye &lt;u&gt;gaxag vyel&lt;/u&gt; et te.'''....''That has happened &lt;u&gt;more often than&lt;/u&gt; you know.''

=== Arithmetical Expressions ===

: The following chart shows verbs from which are formed derivative words relating to mathematical operations:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Arthmetic Expressions
|-
! VERB !! OPERATION !! PATIENT !! SUBJECT !! OPERATOR !! SIGN !! RESULT
|-
| '''gaber'''....''add'' || '''gab'''....''addition'' || '''gabwas'''....''addend'' || '''gabus'''....''adder'' || '''gab'''....''plus'', + || '''gabsiyn'''....''plus sign'' || '''gabix'''....''sum''
|-
| '''galer'''....''multiply'' || '''gal'''....''multiplication'' || '''galwas'''....''multiplicand'' || '''galus'''....''multiplier'' || '''gal'''....''times, x'' || '''galsiyn'''....''times sign'' || '''galix'''....''product''
|-
| '''garer'''....''exponentiate, raise'' || '''gar'''....''power'' || '''garwas'''....''number being raised'' || '''garus'''....''exponent'' || '''gar'''....''raised to the power of'' || '''garsiyn'''....''exponent'' || '''garix'''....''root''
|-
| '''gober'''....''subtract'' || '''gob'''....''subtraction'' || '''gobwas'''....''subtrahend'' || '''gobus'''....''subtractor'' || '''gob'''....''minus, -'' || '''gobsiyn'''....''minus sign'' || '''gobix'''....''difference''
|-
| '''goler'''....''divide'' || '''gol'''....''division, fraction'' || '''golwas'''....''dividend'' || '''golus'''....''divisor'' || '''gol'''....''divided by, ÷'' || '''golsiyn'''....''division sign'' || '''golix'''....''quotient''
|-
| '''gorer'''....''cut, uproot'' || '''gor'''....''cut, root'' || '''gorwas'''....''radicand'' || '''gorus'''....''radical'' || '''gor'''....''lowered to the power of, √'' || '''gorsiyn'''....''radical sign'' || '''gorix'''....''root''
|-
| '''geler'''....''equal'' || '''gel'''....''equation'' || '''gelwas'''....''thing being equated'' || '''gelus'''....''equator'' || '''gel'''....''equal to, as, like'' || '''gelsiyn'''....''equal sign'' || '''gelix'''....''equation results''
|}

: Examples of mathematical expressions:

::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gab&lt;/u&gt; e gele u.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;plus&lt;/u&gt; two equals four.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; i gele ya.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; three equals six.''
::* '''I &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; e gele yu.'''....''Three &lt;u&gt;to the second power&lt;/u&gt; equals nine.''
::* '''E &lt;u&gt;gob&lt;/u&gt; e gele o.'''....''Two &lt;u&gt;minus&lt;/u&gt; two equals zero.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gol&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;divided by&lt;/u&gt; three equals three.''
::* '''Yu &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; i gele i.'''....''Nine &lt;u&gt;cubed&lt;/u&gt; equals three.''
::* '''Aso &lt;u&gt;gor&lt;/u&gt; e gele alo.'''....''One hundred &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; equals ten.''

==== Decimal Expressions ====

: Decimal expressions like ''2.5'' use the word '''nod'''....''point'' as in English.

::* '''Hia bavol kyinse ga vyel 10.8 (alo nod yiwa) ki-ge.'''....''This tomato weighs more than 10.8 (ten point eight) kilograms.''

=== Calendar and Time Expressions ===
:: The word for calendar is '''judar'''.  The sections below explain how calendar expressions are formed and used:
:* Basic Calendar Units
: Time is divided using the following basic terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''job''' || ''time''
|-
| '''jab''' || ''year''
|-
| '''jeb''' || ''season''
|-
| '''jib''' || ''month''
|-
| '''jub''' || ''day''
|-
| '''jwob*''' || ''hour''
|-
| '''jwab*''' || ''minute''
|-
| '''jweb*''' || ''second''
|}

* Note: These would ordinarily be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''' respectively, but the '''w''' glide is much easier to pronounce after the letter '''j''', and is therefore substituted.

:* Other Calendar Units

: Other calendar units are formed through the agglutination of numerical stubs to some of the time units above:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Calendar Units
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH !! NUMERICAL FORMULA
|-
| '''rojab''' || ''millenium'' || year x 1,000
|-
| '''sojab''' || ''century'' || year x 100
|-
| '''lojab''' ||  ''decade'' || year x 10
|-
| '''eynjab''' || ''half year'' || year x 1/2
|-
| '''uynjab''' || ''quarter'' || year x 1/4
|-
| '''yajib''' || ''semester'' || month x 6
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week'' || day x 7
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend'' || day x 7 end
|-
| '''eynjwob''' || ''half hour'' || hour x 1/2
|}

: ''This'', ''next'', ''last'', etc. are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Pointers
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''hijub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hia yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hijab''' || ''today''&lt;br&gt;''this week''&lt;br&gt;''this year''
|-
| '''zojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jana yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''last week''&lt;br&gt;''last year''
|-
| '''zajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ha jona yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''zajab''' || ''tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''next week''&lt;br&gt;''next year''
|-
| '''hujub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hua yejub'''&lt;br&gt;'''hujab''' || ''that day''&lt;br&gt;''that week''&lt;br&gt;''that year''
|-
| '''jazojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''ja ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jazojab''' || ''the day before yesterday''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks ago''&lt;br&gt;''the year before last''
|-
| '''jozajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''jo ewa yejubi'''&lt;br&gt;'''jozajab''' || ''the day after tomorrow''&lt;br&gt;''two weeks from now''&lt;br&gt;''the year after next''
|-
| '''Duhajub?'''|| ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hejubi''' || ''some days''
|}

==== Seasons of the Year ====
: Seasons of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for ''season'' '''jeb''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Seasons of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jeab''' || ''spring''
|-
| '''jeeb''' || ''summer''
|-
| '''jeib''' || ''autumn, Fall''
|-
| '''jeub''' || ''winter''
|}

: Examples of usage:

::* '''be jeab'''....''in spring''
::* '''ja jeeb'''....''before summer''
::* '''ju jeib'''....''until autumn''
::* '''ji jeub'''....''since winter''
::* '''je ha jeb'''....''during the season''
::* '''ub ha uj bi jeeb'''....''toward the end of summer''
::* '''eb jeab ay jeeb'''....''between spring and summer''
::* '''jeeba gemoj'''....''vernal equinox''
::* '''jeiba fayebi'''....''autumn leaves''
::* '''jeba til'''....''seasonal drink''
::* '''jeubyena jebmalyen'''....''wintry climate''
::* '''jeabyena malyen'''....''spring-like weather''
::* '''jeuben'''....''hibernation''
::* '''hijeab'''....''this season''
::* '''zajeab'''....''next season''
::* '''hyajeab'''....''every season''

==== Months of the Year ====
: Months of the year are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for month '''jib''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Months of the Year
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jiab''' || ''January''
|-
| '''jieb''' || ''February''
|-
| '''jiib''' || ''March''
|-
| '''jiub''' || ''April''
|-
| '''jiyob''' || ''May''
|-
| '''jiyab''' || ''June''
|-
| '''jiyeb''' || ''July''
|-
| '''jiyib''' || ''August''
|-
| '''jiyub''' || ''September''
|-
| '''jilob''' || ''October''
|-
| '''jilab''' || ''November''
|-
| '''jileb''' || ''December''
|}

: Some expressions using the months:

::* '''be jilob'''....''in October''
::* '''ja jiyab'''....''before June''
::* '''ja zajiyeb'''....''by next July''
::* '''hijib'''....''this month''
::* '''zojib'''....''last month''
::* '''zajib'''....''next month''
::* '''bi-jib-bu-jiba jobnis'''....''month-to-month rent''
::* '''jibay'''....''monthly''
::* '''jibi joy'''....''months later''
::* '''jiba sindryen'''....''monthly magazine''
::* '''hujiba jobnis'''....''that month's rent''
::* '''hya ionjib'''....''every trimester''
::* '''jiber'''....''menstruate''
::* '''byi zojilob'''....''since last October''

==== Days of the Week ====
: Days of the week are expressed by internally scalarizing the word for day '''jub''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Days of the Week
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''juab''' || ''Monday''
|-
| '''jueb''' || ''Tuesday''
|-
| '''juib''' || ''Wednesday''
|-
| '''juub''' || ''Thursday''
|-
| '''juyob''' || ''Friday''
|-
| '''juyab''' || ''Saturday''
|-
| '''juyeb''' || ''Sunday''
|}

: Here are some common terms relating to days of the week:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Day Expressions
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Duhajub?''' || ''Which day?''
|-
| '''hajub hu...''' || ''the day that...''
|-
| '''hejub''' || ''someday''
|-
| '''hijub'''  || ''today''
|-
| '''hujub''' || ''that day''
|-
| '''hyijub''' || ''(on) the same day''
|-
| '''hyajub''' || ''every day''
|-
| '''hyejub''' || ''any day''
|-
| '''zajub''' || ''yesterday''
|-
| '''zojub''' || ''tomorrow''
|-
| '''ha jajub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jana jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''ha jojub'''&lt;br&gt;'''be ha jona jub''' || ''the day before, (on) the previous day''
|-
| '''jazojub''' || ''the day before yesterday''
|-
| '''jozajub''' || ''the day after tomorrow''
|-
| '''hya ea jub''' || ''every other/second day''
|-
| '''hyajub boy juyeb''' || ''every day except Sunday''
|-
| '''yejub''' || ''week''
|-
| '''hiyejeb''' || ''this week''
|-
| '''yejubuj''' || ''weekend''
|-
| '''yexjub''' (or) '''zeyejub''' || ''weekday''
|-
| '''enyejuba(y)''' || ''bi-weekly''
|-
| '''zoyejub''' || ''last week''
|}

: Examples of Usage:

::* '''(be) juyob'''....''on Friday''
::* '''ju juib'''....''until Wednesday''
::* '''ji zojub'''....''since yesterday''
::* '''lojo jubuj'''....''by [Lit: not after] day's end''
::* '''jo zajub'''....''after tomorrow''
::* '''je ha jub'''....''during the day''
::* '''bi juab bu juub'''....''from Monday to Friday''
::* '''yejubuja ponpop'''....''a weekend getaway''

==== Parts of the Day ====
: Here are the principal parts of a day:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Day
|-
! DAYTIME !! NIGHTTIME
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime, day'' ||'''moj'''....''nighttime, night''
|-
| '''bi maj'''....''A.M.'' ||'''bi moj'''....''P.M.''
|-
| '''jamajij'''....''pre-dawn'' || '''jamojij'''....''pre-dusk''
|-
| '''majij'''....''daybreak, dawn''|| '''mojij'''....''dusk''
|-
| '''amaryap'''....''sunrise, sunup''||'''amaryop'''....''sunset, sundown''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamaj'''....''tomorrow morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamaj'''....''yesterday morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamaj'''....''that morning''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamaj'''....''every morning''||'''jwamoj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zajwamoj'''....''tomorrow evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hijwamoj'''....''this evening''&lt;br&gt;'''zojwamoj'''....''yesterday evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hujwamoj'''....''that evening''&lt;br&gt;'''hyajwamoj'''....''every evening''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''||'''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemaj'''....''afternoon''||'''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''day's end''|| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|}

::* Examples of Usage:

::* '''At tijpa &lt;u&gt;ja majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I woke up &lt;u&gt;before dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe tuyjer &lt;u&gt;be ha jwoa joeymaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like to nap &lt;u&gt;in the late afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''It yexe bi &lt;u&gt;amaryap bu amaryop&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He works from &lt;u&gt;sunup to sundown&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Be gwa jwamoji&lt;/u&gt;, at teaxe sinibar.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Most evenings&lt;/u&gt;, I watch television.''

==== Expressing Dates ====
: The following is a how a date ('''jud''') is normally expressed:

::* '''be juab, 11 jieb 2018 joK.'''....''on Monday, February 11th, 1918 A.D.''

:A date like 2018 can be expressed as ''twenty eighteen'' ('''elo alyi''') or ''two thousand eighteen'' ('''ero alyi''').

:The day in the above expression is pronounced '''ali'''.
:The year is pronounced '''elo alyi''' (like English ''twenty eighteen'').
:The acronym for ''B.C.'' is '''jaK''', short for '''ja Krist''' (''before Christ'').
:The acronym for ''A.D.'' is '''joK''', short for '''jo Krist''' (''after Christ'').

: Other date expressions follow:

::* '''be &lt;u&gt;ha 1800 jabi&lt;/u&gt; (alyi aso jabi)'''....''In &lt;u&gt;the 1800's&lt;/u&gt; (eighteen hundreds)''
::* '''ja &lt;u&gt;ha 20a (eloa)&lt;/u&gt; asojab'''....''before &lt;u&gt;the 20th (twentieth)&lt;/u&gt; century''
::* '''eb &lt;u&gt;1920 (yulo elo)&lt;/u&gt; ay 2001 (elo awa)'''....''between &lt;u&gt;1920 (nineteen twenty)&lt;/u&gt; and (two thousand one)''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;hyaje&lt;/u&gt; hua alojab'''....''&lt;u&gt;throughout&lt;/u&gt; that decade''
::* '''At yexa hum &lt;u&gt;je gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I worked there &lt;u&gt;for [Lit: during] many years&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ujbu his &lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; jiyab.'''....''Finish this &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; [Lit: not after] May.''
::* '''Iyt so him &lt;u&gt;ub ha uj bi&lt;/u&gt; 2 (ewa) jiab.'''....''She will be here &lt;u&gt;toward the end of&lt;/u&gt; January 2nd.''

==== Telling Time ====
: Clock time expressions use mostly the word '''jwob''' (''hour'') or '''jwobi''' (''hours'').

: The usual time-of-day question is '''Se duhajwob?'''....''What time is it?'' [Lit: is what-hour?]
: The typical answer is in the format '''Se awa/ewa....(jwob) gab/gob alo/ali....bi maj/moj.''' (Lit: (It) is (the) one/two....(o'clock) plus/minus ten/eleven...of day/night.)

: Here are some typical answers:

::* '''Se awa jwob.'''....''It is one o'clock.''
::* '''Se ewa jwobi.'''....''It is two o'clock.''[Lit: It is two hours]
::* '''Se ale jwobi.'''....''It is twelve o'clock.''
::* '''Se iwa jwobi bi maj*.'''....''It is three o'clock A.M.'' 
::* '''Se alo jwobi bi moj**.'''....''It is ten o'clock P.M.'' 

::: * '''bi maj''' (''a.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''ma'''
::: ** '''bi moj''' (''p.m.'') can be abbreviated as '''mo'''

::* '''Se yowa jwobi (gab) alo.'''....''It is 10 past 5. [Lit: five hours (plus) ten.]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ali.'''....''It is thirteen minutes til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus 13]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab uyn.'''....''It is quarter past (= plus) five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob uyn.'''....''It is quarter til five.'' [Lit: five hours minus a quarter]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab eyn.'''....''It is half past five.'' [Lit: five hours plus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gab ilo.'''....''It five thirty.'' [Lit: five hours plus thirty]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob eyn.'''....''It four thirty.''[Lit: five hours minus a half]
::* '''Se yowa jwobi gob ilo.'''....''It is thirty minutes til five.''[Lit: five hours minus thirty]

::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; yea jwob gab alo bi moj.'''....''It is exactly 7:10 P.M..''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; seventh hour plus ten of nighttime.'']
::* '''Et sa alo jwoa &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; alo jwabi.'''....''You were late by 10 minutes.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[Lit: ''You were late &lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt; ten minutes.'']
::* '''Has ijo &lt;u&gt;jub&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= yaa jwob gab ilo) bmo (= bi moj).'''....''It will begin &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; 5:30 (= five thirty [Lit: five hours plus thirty]) p.m.''
::* '''Puu him &lt;u&gt;loga jwoa ev&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= ia) j. (= jwob)'''....''Get here &lt;u&gt;no later than&lt;/u&gt; 3 (= three) o'clock.''
::* '''Ha yautpar puo hum &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwabi.'''....''The bus will arrive there &lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; 10 minutes.''
::* '''Ha jwobar &lt;u&gt;izeade&lt;/u&gt; 2:30 (= ea jwob gab ilo).'''....''The clock says [Lit: indicates] 2:30.''
::* '''Yit pua be 3a j. &lt;u&gt;be ha nod&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They arrived at 3 &lt;u&gt;on the dot&lt;/u&gt;''.

: Mirad normally uses a 24-hour clock system.

::* '''Yanpu at be iloa jwob gab alyo.'''....''Meet me at 13:15. (= 1:15 p.m.)''

: The word '''jwob''' (hour, o'clock) can be abbreviated as '''j.''', as in the following:

::* '''Yanpu at be 13a j.'''....''Meet me at 13:00 (hours) [Lit: at (the) 13th h.]''

: The word '''gab''' (''plus'') can be omitted, as in:

::* '''At teato et be yoa j. alyo.'''....''I'll see you at five fifteen (~ quarter) past five.''

: Note the following clock time idioms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Clock Idioms
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''jwa''' || ''early''
|-
| '''jwe''' || ''on time''
|-
| '''jwo''' || ''late''
|-
| '''Se &lt;u&gt;vyavay&lt;/u&gt; eloa jwob.''' || ''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; two o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; zemaj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; noon''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; zemoj''' || ''&lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; midnight''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; jwebi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;within&lt;/u&gt; seconds''
|-
| '''alo jwabi &lt;u&gt;ja hij&lt;/u&gt;''' || ''ten minutes &lt;u&gt;ago&lt;/u&gt; (= before now)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 3a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;no later than / by&lt;/u&gt; 3 o'clock.''
|-
| '''jwobay''' || ''hourly / by the hour / on the hour''
|-
| '''Hia pop &lt;u&gt;efxe&lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 (= ewa gab eyn) jwobi.''' || ''This trip &lt;u&gt;takes (Lit: necessitates) &lt;/u&gt; 2 1/2 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt; awa jwob bi hij''' || ''&lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; one hour from now''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ji&lt;/u&gt; zojub be 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; yesterday at 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;je&lt;/u&gt; ha jana 12 jwabi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; the last 12 minutes''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ja / lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;before / by&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock (= the tenth hour)''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;lojo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;by / in / within&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10a j.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 o'clock.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; 10 jwobi.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; 10 hours / 10 hours later''
|}

==== Expressing Age ====
: Many expressions relating to age are built on the Mirad word for ''age'': '''jag'''.

: The typical question is:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''what-aged'')

: A typical answer is:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;eli jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;twenty-three years old&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The word '''jaga''' can be left understood:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I am thirty.''

: The following chart shows other age expressions, many of which are agglutinations of the deictic prefixes beginning with '''h''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Expressions
|-
! AGE
|-
| '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''hajaga'''....''of the age''
|-
| '''hejaga'''....''of some age''
|-
| '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''jaga'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''jayga'''....''oldish''
|-
| '''joga'''....''young''&lt;br&gt;'''joyga'''....''youngish''
|-
| '''gle jaga'''....''rather old, oldish''
|-
| '''gla jaga'''....''very old''
|-
| '''gra jaga'''....''too old, super-aged''
|-
| '''gro jaga'''....''under-aged, minor''
|-
| '''ge jaga'''....''as old, of the same age''
|-
| '''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''one &lt;u&gt;year&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''awa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''awa &lt;u&gt;jab&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''two &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt; jaga'''....''ten &lt;u&gt;years&lt;/u&gt; old''&lt;br&gt;'''alo jaga'''&lt;br&gt;'''alo &lt;u&gt;jabi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| '''ga jaga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''older &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; you''
|-
| '''ga joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''younger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; me''
|-
| '''ge joga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; iyt'''....''as young &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; her''
|-
| '''ha gwa jagat &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; ata tedetyan'''....''the youngest &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; my siblings''
|-
| '''grojagat'''....''a minor''
|-
| '''alojagat'''....''a ten-year-old''
|-
| '''aloyjagat'''....''a teenager''
|-
| '''jogat'''....''a boy, a youth''&lt;br&gt;'''joygat'''....''a girl''
|-
| '''grejat'''....''an adult, someone of age''&lt;br&gt;'''jagseat'''....''an adolescent''&lt;br&gt;'''jagsat'''....''grownup''
|-
| '''yiloyjagat'''....''an octogenarian''
|-
| '''asoyjagat'''....''a centenarian''
|}

: Some other examples of usage:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;jagseye&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are aging&lt;/u&gt; well.''
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;jogseye&lt;/u&gt; hyegla.'''....''I am not &lt;u&gt;getting&lt;/u&gt; any &lt;u&gt;younger&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se taam av &lt;u&gt;ha jagati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a home for &lt;u&gt;the ederly&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Egaku eta &lt;u&gt;jogan&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Regain your &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;ga jaga vyel&lt;/u&gt; ha meybi.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;as old as&lt;/u&gt; the hills.''
::* '''Teaxu ata &lt;u&gt;gwa joga&lt;/u&gt; tobot.'''....''Look at my &lt;u&gt;youngest&lt;/u&gt; child.''
::* '''Yat ife yata &lt;u&gt;awajagat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We love our &lt;u&gt;one-year-old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Jagseatan&lt;/u&gt; se yika joob bi tej.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Adolescence&lt;/u&gt; is a difficult period of life.''

=== Money Expressions ===

: This section is currency-dependent and remains under construction.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Adverbs|Pronouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hds3pxk8mychzdr8vbz9cxa7m3xxy03</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Pronouns</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417648</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088247</id>
      <parentid>4087399</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:24:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20916" xml:space="preserve">= Pronouns =
: Pronouns are words that substitute for explicit nouns.  For example, the pronoun ''I'' stands for ''the person standing at this place''.  The pronoun ''this'' stands for ''the thing or person nearest''.  The pronoun '''big one'' stands for a person or thing of some stature.

: In Mirad, pronouns can be:

::* personal
::* deictic
::* reflexive
::* animate
::* inanimate
::* specific
::* generic
::* genderless
::* masculine
::* feminine
::* recprocal
::* emphatic
== Personal Pronouns ==
: '''''Personal pronouns''''' in Mirad are by nature '''''animate''''' and refer to people and other animate, sentient, or &quot;pretend&quot; creatures, such as dogs, angels, gods, puppets, babies, gods, and monsters.

: This chapter deals specifically with personal pronouns and not so much with deictic (demonstrative and indefinite) pronouns like ''who, those, any, and whatever'', treated in detail in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]].

: Personal animate pronouns can be of the following types:

::* '''''specific'''''....Referring to a specific person or group of persons, such as ''he'', ''you'', or ''me''.
::* '''''generic'''''....Referring to &quot;one&quot; in general or &quot;they&quot;, people in general
::* '''''reflexive'''''....Referring back to the same person, such as ''myself'', ''yourself'', or ''themselves''.
::* '''''emphatic'''''....Particularizing a person or persons, such as ''I, myself'', or ''she, herself''.

: Notice that personal pronouns, and indeed all pronouns, are devoid of distinctions of CASE, such as ''nominative'', ''objective'', ''dative'', etc. as in many languages (including English, in the distinction between ''I'' and ''me'', for example).  The words for ''we'' and ''us'' are the same in Mirad.  Pronouns do, however, have adjectival (or possessive) forms, such as ''my'' or ''his''.

: The chart below shows the '''''gender-neutral animate personal pronouns''''', which are gender-neutral.  The distinction of gender, if needed, can be expressed with extended personal pronouns.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
	|+ Gender-neutral Animate Personal Pronouns
|- 
	! PERSON 
	! TYPE
	! SINGULAR
	! PLURAL
|- 
	| 1st
	| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| SPECIFIC
	| '''at'''....''I, me''
	| '''yat'''....''we, us''
|-
	| 2nd
	| '''et'''....''you''
	| '''yet'''....''you, you all''
|-
	| 3rd
	| '''it'''....''he, she, him, her''
	| '''yit'''....''they, them''
|-
	| 3rd
	| GENERIC
	| '''ot'''....''one, they''
	| '''yot'''....''people''
|-
	| 3rd
	| REFLEXIVE
	| '''ut'''....''self''
	| '''yut'''....''selves''
|}

A distinction of gender can be expressed only in the third, singular animate specific pronoun, which otherwise can express ''he, she, him, her'' neutrally.  To express specifically ''he/she'', interject a '''y''' before the final '''t'''.  To express specifically a male (''he/him''), prepend the pronoun with '''w''':
::* '''iyt'''....''she/her''
::* '''wit'''....''he/him''

: The Mirad third person specific pronoun '''it''' can refer to any animate or pseudo-animate creatures such as animals, babies, dolls, angels, gods, monsters&quot;.  However, Mirad '''it''' cannot refer to non-animate things such as tables, ideas, abstractions, etc.  A deictic (demonstrative) pronoun is used in such cases, as discussed in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]].  

: The third person generic pronouns '''ot''' and '''yot''' are used as in English ''one'' and ''they, people'' (meaning unspecifed persons), as in the following examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ot&lt;/u&gt; yefe xer ha yakwas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;One&lt;/u&gt; must do what is expected.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yot&lt;/u&gt; de van et vyode hoj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;They/People&lt;/u&gt; say you never lie.''

: As mentioned earlier, Mirad has no cases, so position in the sentence or prepositions are used, eg.:
::* '''His se &lt;u&gt;av et&lt;/u&gt;.''' ....''This is &lt;u&gt;for you&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hus nyuf se &lt;u&gt; bi yat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''That parcel is &lt;u&gt;from us&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Du &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; din ayv eta tej.'''....''Tell &lt;u&gt;me&lt;/u&gt; a story about your life.''
: In the last example, the verb '''der''' (''tell'') has an inherent ''to'' built in its meaning, so no preposition ''to'' is needed before the pronoun '''at'''.  Direct and inderect object pronouns in Mirad work syntactally just as in English.

: Mirad has a special two special hybrid pronouns, '''aet''' and '''ayet''', which mean, respectively, ''I and you'' (dual) and ''I and you (plural)''.  These are used only where the situation calls for it, eg.:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Aet&lt;/u&gt; yeyfe tadser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;You and I&lt;/u&gt; should get married.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ayet&lt;/u&gt; efe yanbeser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;You people and I&lt;/u&gt; need to stick together.''
: The above two pronouns, like the others, can be made into possessive adjectives with the suffix '''-a''':
::* '''aet''' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''aeta'''....''our''
::* '''ayet'''&lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''ayeta'''....''our''
: These, in turn, can be nominalized:
::* '''aeta''' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''aetas'''....''ours'', '''aetasi'''....''ours'' (''the things of you and me'')
::* '''eyeta'''&lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''ayetas'''....''ours'', '''ayetasi'''....''ours'' (''the things of you people and me'')

== Reflexive Personal Pronouns ==

: Reflexive personal pronouns like English ''myself, yourself, etc.'' are formed by postfixing a '''u''' just before the final '''t'''.  Reflexive personal pronouns are invariable for gender.  Translating '''iut''' as ''herself'' depends on the context.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Reflexive Personal Pronouns 
|-
! PERSON !! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| FIRST PERSON|| '''aut'''....''myself'' || '''yaut'''....''ourselves''
|-
| SECOND PERSON|| '''eut'''....''yourself'' || '''yeut'''....''yourselves''
|-
| THIRD PERSON SPECIFIC || '''iut'''....''himself/herself'' || '''yiut'''....''themselves''
|-
| THIRD PERSON GENERIC || '''out'''....''oneself'' || '''yout'''....''people themselves''
|}
: Examples of personal pronoun usage:
::* '''At yafe teater &lt;u&gt;aut&lt;/u&gt; be ha sinzyef.'''....''I can see &lt;u&gt;myself&lt;/u&gt; in the mirror.''
::* '''Iyt yubteaxa &lt;u&gt;iut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She examined &lt;u&gt;herself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Tru &lt;u&gt;eut&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Know &lt;u&gt;thyself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yat&lt;/u&gt; yeyfe tadser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;We&lt;/u&gt; should get married.''
::* '''Iyt vey tojbo&lt;u&gt;iut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She may kill &lt;u&gt;herself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot yefe ifer &lt;u&gt;out&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must love &lt;u&gt;oneself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yot glaxag voy ife &lt;u&gt;yout&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''People often don't love &lt;u&gt;themselves&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet ufe &lt;u&gt;yeut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You (people) hate &lt;u&gt;yourselves&lt;/u&gt;.'' 
::* '''Yet yeyfe yovser &lt;u&gt;yeut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You people should be ashamed of &lt;u&gt;yourselves&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yat&lt;/u&gt; ufe yet.'''....''&lt;u&gt;We &lt;/u&gt; hate you.''
::* '''Upu eker bay &lt;u&gt;yat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Come play with &lt;u&gt;us&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The reflexive pronoun '''ut'''....''self'' can sometimes be prefixed (with no variation in gender or number) to a verb to form a reflexive version of that verb, or it can be prefixed to other parts of speech to mean ''auto-'', or ''self-'', eg.:

::* '''tojber'''....''kill'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''uttojber'''....''commit suicide''
::* '''vyixer'''....''clean'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utvyixer'''....''wash up, clean oneself, self-clean''
::* '''exer'''....''function'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utexer'''....''function automatically, self-run''
::* '''izber'''....''pilot'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utizber'''....''auto-pilot, self-drive''
::* '''exut'''....''operator'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utexut'''....''automaton''
::* '''deber'''....''rule'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utdebea'''....''autocratic, self-ruling''
::* '''tejdin'''....''biography'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''uttejdin'''....''autobiography''
::* '''fider'''....''praise'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utfider'''....''boast''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (= ''self-praise'')

== Emphatic Personal Pronouns ==

: '''''Emphatic personal pronouns''''' can be formed by following the personal pronoun with the singular determiner '''hyit''' (''the very one'')or the plural determiner '''hyiti''' (''the very ones''), eg.: 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Emphatic Personal Pronouns
|-
! PERSON !! SINGULAR!! PLURAL
|-
| FIRST PERSON|| '''at aut'''....''I myself, me myself'' || '''yat yaut'''....''we ourselves, us ourselves''
|-
| SECOND PERSON|| '''et eut'''....''you yourself'' || '''yet yeut'''....''you yourselves''
|-
| THIRD PERSON|| '''it iut'''....''the person him or herself''&lt;br&gt;'''wit iut'''....''he himself''&lt;br&gt;'''iyt iut'''....''she herself'' || '''yit yiut'''....''they themselves''
|}

Note: Gender is not express in personal reflexive pronouns.  Only the personal specific pronouns express gender, and then only optionally.

: Examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;At aut&lt;/u&gt; voy vyatexe Tot.'''....''&lt;u&gt;I myself&lt;/u&gt; don't believe in God.''
::* '''At jateate &lt;u&gt;yet yeut&lt;/u&gt; be hua dezzamos.'''....''I foresee &lt;u&gt;you  yourselves&lt;/u&gt; on that stage.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iyt iut&lt;/u&gt; voy sa hum.'''....''&lt;u&gt;She herself&lt;/u&gt; was not here.''


== Reciprocal Personal Pronouns ==

: The '''''reciprocal pronoun'''''....''one another, each other'' is translated with '''hyuit''', which is a melding of '''hyut''' (''the other person'') and '''hyit''' (''the same person'').  This is an invariable pronoun and does not express gender or number.

::* '''Yat yefe ifer &lt;u&gt;hyuit&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We must love &lt;u&gt;one another&lt;/u&gt;.'' 
: This reciprocal pronoun can be converted to a pronominal determiner by suffixing '''a''', as in '''hyuita'''....''one another's, mutual, reciprocal'':

::* '''Yat tobweti yefe fiyzaxer &lt;u&gt;hyuita&lt;/u&gt; fwasi.'''....''We guys must respect &lt;u&gt;one another's&lt;/u&gt; wishes.''

: Note the following:

::* '''hyuita'''....''mutual, reciprocal''
::* '''hyuitif'''....''Mutual love''
::* '''huitan'''....''mutuality, reciprocity''
::* '''hyutin'''....''altruism''
::* '''atin'''....''egoism''
::* '''utyena'''....''selfish''
::* '''utifa'''....''egoistic''
::* '''utifat'''....''egoist''
::* '''utufa'''....''self-loathing''
::* '''utin'''....''egotism''
::* '''utina'''....''egotistic''
::* '''utinat'''....''egotist''
::* '''ha at'''....''the ego''
::* '''ha it'''....''the id''
::* '''ha ut'''....''the self''
::* '''ha aybat'''....''the superego''
::* '''ha hyut'''....''the other''
::* '''hyutifa'''....''altruistic''
::* '''hyutifat'''....''altruist''
::* '''hyutufa'''....''xenophobic''

== Pronominal Determiners ==

: '''''Pronominal determiners''''', which can also be referred to as '''''possessive adjectives''''', are derived from pronouns by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the end of the pronoun, as follows:

::* '''at'''....''I, me''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''ata'''....''my''
::* '''aut'''....''myself''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''auta'''....''my own''
::* '''yat'''....''we, us''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''yata'''....''our''
::* '''yaut'''....''ourselves''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''yauta'''....''our own''
::* '''iut'''....''himself/herself''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''iuta'''....''his/her own'' 

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Basic Pronominal Determiners
|- valign=top
! PERSON !! TYPE !! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| 1st || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|SPECIFIC || '''ata'''....''my''|| '''yata'''....''our''
|-
| 2nd ||  '''eta'''....''your''|| '''yeta'''....''your''
|-
| 3rd  ||  '''ita'''....''his/her''&lt;br&gt;'''iyta'''....''her''&lt;br&gt;'''wita'''....''his''|| '''yita'''....''their''
|-
| 3rd || GENERIC || '''ota'''....''one&amp;apos;s'' ||'''yota'''....''people&amp;apos;s''
|}
: The above forms are gender-neutral and are the most commonly used pronominal determiners.  Here are some examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ata&lt;/u&gt; tej se fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;My&lt;/u&gt; life is good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yata&lt;/u&gt; twed...'''....''&lt;u&gt;Our&lt;/u&gt; father...''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ota&lt;/u&gt; fyadili yeyfe ser dola.'''....''&lt;u&gt;One&amp;apos;s&lt;/u&gt; prayers should be silent.''
::* '''At voy teata &lt;u&gt;ita&lt;/u&gt; dyes.'''....''I did not see &lt;u&gt;his/her&lt;/u&gt; book.''

: Pronominal Determines like &quot;my own, your own...&quot;:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Pronominal Determiners Like ''my own''
|- valign=top
! PERSON !! TYPE !! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| 1st || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|SPECIFIC || '''auta'''....''my own''|| '''yauta'''....''our own''
|-
| 2nd ||  '''euta'''....''your own''|| '''yeuta'''....''your own''
|-
| 3rd  ||  '''iuta'''....''his/her own''|| '''yiuta'''....''their own''
|-
| 3rd || GENERIC || '''outa'''....''one\&amp;apos;s own'' ||'''youta'''....''people\&amp;apos;s own''
|}

: The above pronominal determiners an be '''''substantivized''''' as pronouns by adding the suffix '''s'''....''thing possessed'', or '''si'''....''things possessed'', as follows:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Sample Substantivized Pronominal Determiners
|- valign=top
! ATTRIBUTE !! SINGULAR SUBSTANTIVE !! PLURAL SUBSTANTIVE
|-
| '''ata'''....''my'' || '''atas'''....''mine'' || '''atasi'''....''mine, my things''
|-
| '''eta'''....''your'' || '''etas'''....''yours'' || '''etasi'''....''yours''
|-
| '''auta'''....''my own'' || '''autas'''....''my own'' || '''autasi'''....''my own (things)''
|-
| '''iyta'''....''her'' || '''iytas'''....''her own'' || '''iytasi'''....''hers, her things''
|- 
| '''wita'''....''his'' || '''witas'''....''ours'' || '''yatas'''....''ours, our things''
|-
| '''yata'''....''our'' || '''yatas'''....''ours'' || '''yatasi'''....''ours, our things''
|-
| '''outa'''....''one&amp;apos;s'' || '''outas'''....''one&amp;apos;s own'' || '''outasi'''....''one&amp;apos;s own (things)''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''Yat yefe ovmasber &lt;u&gt;yatasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We must protect &lt;u&gt;our own [pl. things]&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Etasi&lt;/u&gt; naze ga vyel &lt;u&gt;atasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Yours&lt;/u&gt; are worth more than &lt;u&gt;mine&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Biku &lt;u&gt;yeutasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You guys, mind &lt;u&gt;your own&lt;/u&gt; business (= things).''
::* '''Yat toybeti fe ayser &lt;u&gt;yauta&lt;/u&gt; nig.'''....''We gals want to have &lt;u&gt;our own&lt;/u&gt; space.''

== Translating various uses of ''it'' in English ==

: When translating English ''it'' referring to animate creatures such as babies, animals, dolls, angels, ghosts, and monsters, the Mirad third person animate personal pronouns '''it''' ''he/she/it'', '''iyt''' ''she'', or '''wit''' ''he'' is used, eg:
::* '''At eke bay ha epet hasav hu at iyfe &lt;u&gt;it / iyt / wit&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I play with the dog because I like &lt;u&gt;it / her / him&lt;/u&gt;.'' 

: When translating English ''it'' referring to an inanimate object or abstraction, a Mirad deictic &quot;thing&quot; determiner like '''has''' (''the thing''), '''his''' (''this''),  or '''hus''' (''that'') is used, eg:
::* '''At teasa ha dyezun ay at iyfa &lt;u&gt;has&lt;/u&gt; gla.'''....''I saw the movie and I liked &lt;u&gt;it (= the thing)&lt;/u&gt; a lot.''
::* '''Ha mes sa yija oy at voy ta &lt;u&gt;hus&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The door was open but I didn't know &lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt; (= that).''
 
: The possessive forms of '''has''' is '''hasa'''....''its'', for example:
::* '''At iyfe ha dyes ay at ife &lt;u&gt;hasa&lt;/u&gt; abdyun.'''....''I like the book and I love &lt;u&gt;it&amp;apos;s (= the thing&amp;apos;s)&lt;/u&gt; title.''

: If the pronoun '''they/them''' is just a plural of '''it''' referring to an object or abstraction, then the pronoun '''hasi''' is used.

::* '''Ha sini se via ay at ife &lt;u&gt;hasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The pictures   are beautiful and I love &lt;u&gt;them&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The possessive form of '''hasi'''....''they/them'' is '''hasia'''....''their'', eg.:

::* '''Ha tefi se via oy &lt;u&gt;hasia&lt;/u&gt; naxi se otwa.'''....''The hats are beautiful, but &lt;u&gt;their&lt;/u&gt; prices are unknown.''

: If ''it'' introduces a non-previously-mentioned abstraction in English or has no antecedent, then the ''it'' is left unexpressed in the Mirad equivalent sentence.  For example:

::* '''Mamilo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; will rain.'' ( = ''Will rain.'')
::* '''Se fia van et upa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; is good that you came.'' ( = ''Is good that you came.'')
::* '''Sa via jub bay et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; was a beautiful day with you.'' ( = ''Was a beautiful day...'')
::* '''Voy se yuka yaprer hia meb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; is not easy to climb this mountain.'' ( = ''Is not easy...'')

== Referring to Third Persons  ==

: The definite, proximal, distal deictic determiners can be used for third person pronouns.  These forms can be animate or inanimate, masculine or feminine, singular or plural, definite, proximal (near to the speaker) or distal (remote from the speaker).  The general forms of these specifiers are given in a previous section, but they are elaborated here for their use as third person pronouns:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Determiners Used to Express Third Persons
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! !! THING !! PERSON !! FEMALE !! MALE'''....''
|-
| DEFINITE || SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PLURAL&lt;br&gt;POSSESSIVE ||'''has'''....''it/this/the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they/them/these/the things''&lt;br&gt;'''hasa'''....''its/this/the thing&amp;apos;s'' || '''hat'''....''the person/he/she/him/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the people/they/them''&lt;br&gt;'''hata'''....''the person&amp;apos;s/his/her'' || '''hayt'''....''she/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''they/them/the females''&lt;br&gt;'''hayta'''....''her/the female&amp;apos;s'' || '''hwat'''....''he/him/the male person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''they/them/the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hwata'''....''his/the male&amp;apos;s''
|-
| PROXIMAL || SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PLURAL&lt;br&gt;POSSESSIVE ||'''his'''....''it/this/this thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''they/them/these/these things''&lt;br&gt;'''hisa'''....''its/this/this thing&amp;apos;s'' || '''hit'''....''this person/he/she/him/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people/they/them''&lt;br&gt;'''hita'''....''this person&amp;apos;s/his/her'' || '''hiyt'''....''she/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''they/them/these females''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyta'''....''her/this female&amp;apos;s'' || '''hwit'''....''he/him/this male person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''they/them/these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hwita'''....''his/this male&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PLURAL&lt;br&gt;POSSESSIVE ||'''hus'''....''it/this/that thing''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''they/them/these/those things''&lt;br&gt;'''husa'''....''its/this/these thing&amp;apos;s'' || '''hut'''....''this person/he/she/him/her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''these people/they/them''&lt;br&gt;'''huta'''....''this person&amp;apos;s/his/her'' || '''huyt'''....''she/her''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''they/them/those females''&lt;br&gt;'''huyta'''....''her/that female&amp;apos;s'' || '''hwut'''....''he/him/that male''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''they/them/those males''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuta'''....''his/that male&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Mirad does not force you to indicate gender in animate pronouns.  The gender-neutral forms in the PERSON column are ordinarily sufficient.  The forms in the MALE and FEMALE column are optional and used only when a distinction is needed.

: Here are some examples using the above pronouns:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyt&lt;/u&gt; voy se tadxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;She&lt;/u&gt; (that woman) is not married.''
::* '''At hoj teataye &lt;u&gt;hiti&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have never seen &lt;u&gt;them&lt;/u&gt; (these people).''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huytiasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga aga vyel atasi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Theirs&lt;/u&gt; (= the things of those females) are bigger than mine.''
::* '''Duham et koxa &lt;u&gt;has&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''Where did you hide &lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt; (the thing)?''
::* '''Duhayen et ijtra it (or: &lt;u&gt;hat&lt;/u&gt;)?'''....''How did you meet &lt;u&gt;him&lt;/u&gt; (or: the person)?''
::* '''At traye &lt;u&gt;huyt&lt;/u&gt; yagjob.'''....''I've known &lt;u&gt;her&lt;/u&gt; (=that female) for a long time.''

: The above pronouns answer the questions '''hos?'''....''what?'', '''hosi?'''....''what things?'', '''Duhat?'''....''who(m)?'', or '''duhati?'''....''what persons?'', but there is another set of '''''deictic selective pronouns''''' that answer the questions '''duhaat?'''....''which one?'', '''duhaayti?'''....''which ones (of the females mentioned)?'', '''duhaas?'''....''which one/thing?'', and '''duhaasi?'''....''which ones/things?''

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Selective Deictic Pronouns
|-
! SELECTIVES !! THING !! THINGS  !! PERSON !! PERSONS
|-
| DEFINITE || '''haas'''....''the one'' || '''haasi'''....''the ones'' || '''haat'''....''the one'' || '''haati'''....''the ones''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hias'''....''this one'' || '''hiasi'''....''these'' || '''hiat'''....''this one'' || '''hiati'''....''these''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huas'''....''that one'' || '''huasi'''....''those'' || '''huat'''....''that one'' || '''huati'''....''those''
|}

: Here are some examples using these deictic selective pronouns:

::* '''Duven et fu &lt;u&gt;hias&lt;/u&gt; ey huas?'''....''Would you like &lt;u&gt;this one&lt;/u&gt; or that one?''
::* '''Huayt se &lt;u&gt;haat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She (that female person) is &lt;u&gt;the one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe &lt;u&gt;hiasi&lt;/u&gt; ga vyel &lt;u&gt;huasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like &lt;u&gt;these&lt;/u&gt; more than &lt;u&gt;those&lt;/u&gt;.''

: Compare the following two examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaas&lt;/u&gt; et fu?  Hias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; would you like?  This one.'' (SELECTIVE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; et fu? His.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; would you like? This.'' (SPECIFIC)


:: '''''Relative Pronouns'''''

: '''''Relative pronouns''''' are presented in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs#Free Relative Clauses|Free Relative Clauses]].


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Numerals|Verbs}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4mcj9y6wvkppkiqq1bikls76lfubuh0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088395</id>
      <parentid>4088247</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:13:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pronouns */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20916" xml:space="preserve">= Pronouns =
: Pronouns are words that substitute for explicit nouns.  For example, the pronoun ''I'' stands for ''the person standing at this place''.  The pronoun ''this'' stands for ''the thing or person nearest''.  The pronoun '''big one'' stands for a person or thing of some stature.

: In Mirad, pronouns can be:

::* personal
::* deictic
::* reflexive
::* animate
::* inanimate
::* specific
::* generic
::* genderless
::* masculine
::* feminine
::* recprocal
::* emphatic
== Personal Pronouns ==
: '''''Personal pronouns''''' in Mirad are by nature '''''animate''''' and refer to people and other animate, sentient, or &quot;pretend&quot; creatures, such as dogs, angels, gods, puppets, babies, gods, and monsters.

: This chapter deals specifically with personal pronouns and not so much with deictic (demonstrative and indefinite) pronouns like ''who, those, any, and whatever'', treated in detail in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]].

: Personal animate pronouns can be of the following types:

::* '''''specific'''''....Referring to a specific person or group of persons, such as ''he'', ''you'', or ''me''.
::* '''''generic'''''....Referring to &quot;one&quot; in general or &quot;they&quot;, people in general
::* '''''reflexive'''''....Referring back to the same person, such as ''myself'', ''yourself'', or ''themselves''.
::* '''''emphatic'''''....Particularizing a person or persons, such as ''I, myself'', or ''she, herself''.

: Notice that personal pronouns, and indeed all pronouns, are devoid of distinctions of CASE, such as ''nominative'', ''objective'', ''dative'', etc. as in many languages (including English, in the distinction between ''I'' and ''me'', for example).  The words for ''we'' and ''us'' are the same in Mirad.  Pronouns do, however, have adjectival (or possessive) forms, such as ''my'' or ''his''.

: The chart below shows the '''''gender-neutral animate personal pronouns''''', which are gender-neutral.  The distinction of gender, if needed, can be expressed with extended personal pronouns.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
	|+ Gender-neutral Animate Personal Pronouns
|- 
	! PERSON 
	! TYPE
	! SINGULAR
	! PLURAL
|- 
	| 1st
	| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| SPECIFIC
	| '''at'''....''I, me''
	| '''yat'''....''we, us''
|-
	| 2nd
	| '''et'''....''you''
	| '''yet'''....''you, you all''
|-
	| 3rd
	| '''it'''....''he, she, him, her''
	| '''yit'''....''they, them''
|-
	| 3rd
	| GENERIC
	| '''ot'''....''one, they''
	| '''yot'''....''people''
|-
	| 3rd
	| REFLEXIVE
	| '''ut'''....''self''
	| '''yut'''....''selves''
|}

A distinction of gender can be expressed only in the third, singular animate specific pronoun, which otherwise can express ''he, she, him, her'' neutrally.  To express specifically ''he/she'', interject a '''y''' before the final '''t'''.  To express specifically a male (''he/him''), prepend the pronoun with '''w''':
::* '''iyt'''....''she/her''
::* '''wit'''....''he/him''

: The Mirad third person specific pronoun '''it''' can refer to any animate or pseudo-animate creatures such as animals, babies, dolls, angels, gods, monsters&quot;.  However, Mirad '''it''' cannot refer to non-animate things such as tables, ideas, abstractions, etc.  A deictic (demonstrative) pronoun is used in such cases, as discussed in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]].  

: The third person generic pronouns '''ot''' and '''yot''' are used as in English ''one'' and ''they, people'' (meaning unspecifed persons), as in the following examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ot&lt;/u&gt; yefe xer ha yakwas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;One&lt;/u&gt; must do what is expected.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yot&lt;/u&gt; de van et vyode hoj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;They/People&lt;/u&gt; say you never lie.''

: As mentioned earlier, Mirad has no cases, so position in the sentence or prepositions are used, eg.:
::* '''His se &lt;u&gt;av et&lt;/u&gt;.''' ....''This is &lt;u&gt;for you&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hus nyuf se &lt;u&gt; bi yat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''That parcel is &lt;u&gt;from us&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Du &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; din ayv eta tej.'''....''Tell &lt;u&gt;me&lt;/u&gt; a story about your life.''
: In the last example, the verb '''der''' (''tell'') has an inherent ''to'' built in its meaning, so no preposition ''to'' is needed before the pronoun '''at'''.  Direct and inderect object pronouns in Mirad work syntactally just as in English.

: Mirad has a special two special hybrid pronouns, '''aet''' and '''ayet''', which mean, respectively, ''I and you'' (dual) and ''I and you (plural)''.  These are used only where the situation calls for it, eg.:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Aet&lt;/u&gt; yeyfe tadser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;You and I&lt;/u&gt; should get married.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ayet&lt;/u&gt; efe yanbeser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;You people and I&lt;/u&gt; need to stick together.''
: The above two pronouns, like the others, can be made into possessive adjectives with the suffix '''-a''':
::* '''aet''' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''aeta'''....''our''
::* '''ayet'''&lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''ayeta'''....''our''
: These, in turn, can be nominalized:
::* '''aeta''' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''aetas'''....''ours'', '''aetasi'''....''ours'' (''the things of you and me'')
::* '''eyeta'''&lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''ayetas'''....''ours'', '''ayetasi'''....''ours'' (''the things of you people and me'')

== Reflexive Personal Pronouns ==

: Reflexive personal pronouns like English ''myself, yourself, etc.'' are formed by postfixing a '''u''' just before the final '''t'''.  Reflexive personal pronouns are invariable for gender.  Translating '''iut''' as ''herself'' depends on the context.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Reflexive Personal Pronouns 
|-
! PERSON !! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| FIRST PERSON|| '''aut'''....''myself'' || '''yaut'''....''ourselves''
|-
| SECOND PERSON|| '''eut'''....''yourself'' || '''yeut'''....''yourselves''
|-
| THIRD PERSON SPECIFIC || '''iut'''....''himself/herself'' || '''yiut'''....''themselves''
|-
| THIRD PERSON GENERIC || '''out'''....''oneself'' || '''yout'''....''people themselves''
|}
: Examples of personal pronoun usage:
::* '''At yafe teater &lt;u&gt;aut&lt;/u&gt; be ha sinzyef.'''....''I can see &lt;u&gt;myself&lt;/u&gt; in the mirror.''
::* '''Iyt yubteaxa &lt;u&gt;iut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She examined &lt;u&gt;herself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Tru &lt;u&gt;eut&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Know &lt;u&gt;thyself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yat&lt;/u&gt; yeyfe tadser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;We&lt;/u&gt; should get married.''
::* '''Iyt vey tojbo&lt;u&gt;iut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She may kill &lt;u&gt;herself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot yefe ifer &lt;u&gt;out&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must love &lt;u&gt;oneself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yot glaxag voy ife &lt;u&gt;yout&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''People often don't love &lt;u&gt;themselves&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet ufe &lt;u&gt;yeut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You (people) hate &lt;u&gt;yourselves&lt;/u&gt;.'' 
::* '''Yet yeyfe yovser &lt;u&gt;yeut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You people should be ashamed of &lt;u&gt;yourselves&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yat&lt;/u&gt; ufe yet.'''....''&lt;u&gt;We &lt;/u&gt; hate you.''
::* '''Upu eker bay &lt;u&gt;yat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Come play with &lt;u&gt;us&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The reflexive pronoun '''ut'''....''self'' can sometimes be prefixed (with no variation in gender or number) to a verb to form a reflexive version of that verb, or it can be prefixed to other parts of speech to mean ''auto-'', or ''self-'', eg.:

::* '''tojber'''....''kill'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''uttojber'''....''commit suicide''
::* '''vyixer'''....''clean'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utvyixer'''....''wash up, clean oneself, self-clean''
::* '''exer'''....''function'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utexer'''....''function automatically, self-run''
::* '''izber'''....''pilot'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utizber'''....''auto-pilot, self-drive''
::* '''exut'''....''operator'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utexut'''....''automaton''
::* '''deber'''....''rule'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utdebea'''....''autocratic, self-ruling''
::* '''tejdin'''....''biography'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''uttejdin'''....''autobiography''
::* '''fider'''....''praise'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utfider'''....''boast''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (= ''self-praise'')

== Emphatic Personal Pronouns ==

: '''''Emphatic personal pronouns''''' can be formed by following the personal pronoun with the singular determiner '''hyit''' (''the very one'')or the plural determiner '''hyiti''' (''the very ones''), eg.: 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Emphatic Personal Pronouns
|-
! PERSON !! SINGULAR!! PLURAL
|-
| FIRST PERSON|| '''at aut'''....''I myself, me myself'' || '''yat yaut'''....''we ourselves, us ourselves''
|-
| SECOND PERSON|| '''et eut'''....''you yourself'' || '''yet yeut'''....''you yourselves''
|-
| THIRD PERSON|| '''it iut'''....''the person him or herself''&lt;br&gt;'''wit iut'''....''he himself''&lt;br&gt;'''iyt iut'''....''she herself'' || '''yit yiut'''....''they themselves''
|}

Note: Gender is not express in personal reflexive pronouns.  Only the personal specific pronouns express gender, and then only optionally.

: Examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;At aut&lt;/u&gt; voy vyatexe Tot.'''....''&lt;u&gt;I myself&lt;/u&gt; don't believe in God.''
::* '''At jateate &lt;u&gt;yet yeut&lt;/u&gt; be hua dezzamos.'''....''I foresee &lt;u&gt;you  yourselves&lt;/u&gt; on that stage.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iyt iut&lt;/u&gt; voy sa hum.'''....''&lt;u&gt;She herself&lt;/u&gt; was not here.''


== Reciprocal Personal Pronouns ==

: The '''''reciprocal pronoun'''''....''one another, each other'' is translated with '''hyuit''', which is a melding of '''hyut''' (''the other person'') and '''hyit''' (''the same person'').  This is an invariable pronoun and does not express gender or number.

::* '''Yat yefe ifer &lt;u&gt;hyuit&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We must love &lt;u&gt;one another&lt;/u&gt;.'' 
: This reciprocal pronoun can be converted to a pronominal determiner by suffixing '''a''', as in '''hyuita'''....''one another's, mutual, reciprocal'':

::* '''Yat tobweti yefe fiyzaxer &lt;u&gt;hyuita&lt;/u&gt; fwasi.'''....''We guys must respect &lt;u&gt;one another's&lt;/u&gt; wishes.''

: Note the following:

::* '''hyuita'''....''mutual, reciprocal''
::* '''hyuitif'''....''Mutual love''
::* '''huitan'''....''mutuality, reciprocity''
::* '''hyutin'''....''altruism''
::* '''atin'''....''egoism''
::* '''utyena'''....''selfish''
::* '''utifa'''....''egoistic''
::* '''utifat'''....''egoist''
::* '''utufa'''....''self-loathing''
::* '''utin'''....''egotism''
::* '''utina'''....''egotistic''
::* '''utinat'''....''egotist''
::* '''ha at'''....''the ego''
::* '''ha it'''....''the id''
::* '''ha ut'''....''the self''
::* '''ha aybat'''....''the superego''
::* '''ha hyut'''....''the other''
::* '''hyutifa'''....''altruistic''
::* '''hyutifat'''....''altruist''
::* '''hyutufa'''....''xenophobic''

== Pronominal Determiners ==

: '''''Pronominal determiners''''', which can also be referred to as '''''possessive adjectives''''', are derived from pronouns by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the end of the pronoun, as follows:

::* '''at'''....''I, me''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''ata'''....''my''
::* '''aut'''....''myself''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''auta'''....''my own''
::* '''yat'''....''we, us''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''yata'''....''our''
::* '''yaut'''....''ourselves''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''yauta'''....''our own''
::* '''iut'''....''himself/herself''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''iuta'''....''his/her own'' 

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Basic Pronominal Determiners
|- valign=top
! PERSON !! TYPE !! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| 1st || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|SPECIFIC || '''ata'''....''my''|| '''yata'''....''our''
|-
| 2nd ||  '''eta'''....''your''|| '''yeta'''....''your''
|-
| 3rd  ||  '''ita'''....''his/her''&lt;br&gt;'''iyta'''....''her''&lt;br&gt;'''wita'''....''his''|| '''yita'''....''their''
|-
| 3rd || GENERIC || '''ota'''....''one&amp;apos;s'' ||'''yota'''....''people&amp;apos;s''
|}
: The above forms are gender-neutral and are the most commonly used pronominal determiners.  Here are some examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ata&lt;/u&gt; tej se fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;My&lt;/u&gt; life is good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yata&lt;/u&gt; twed...'''....''&lt;u&gt;Our&lt;/u&gt; father...''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ota&lt;/u&gt; fyadili yeyfe ser dola.'''....''&lt;u&gt;One&amp;apos;s&lt;/u&gt; prayers should be silent.''
::* '''At voy teata &lt;u&gt;ita&lt;/u&gt; dyes.'''....''I did not see &lt;u&gt;his/her&lt;/u&gt; book.''

: Pronominal Determines like &quot;my own, your own...&quot;:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Pronominal Determiners Like ''my own''
|- valign=top
! PERSON !! TYPE !! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| 1st || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|SPECIFIC || '''auta'''....''my own''|| '''yauta'''....''our own''
|-
| 2nd ||  '''euta'''....''your own''|| '''yeuta'''....''your own''
|-
| 3rd  ||  '''iuta'''....''his/her own''|| '''yiuta'''....''their own''
|-
| 3rd || GENERIC || '''outa'''....''one\&amp;apos;s own'' ||'''youta'''....''people\&amp;apos;s own''
|}

: The above pronominal determiners an be '''''substantivized''''' as pronouns by adding the suffix '''s'''....''thing possessed'', or '''si'''....''things possessed'', as follows:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Sample Substantivized Pronominal Determiners
|- valign=top
! ATTRIBUTE !! SINGULAR SUBSTANTIVE !! PLURAL SUBSTANTIVE
|-
| '''ata'''....''my'' || '''atas'''....''mine'' || '''atasi'''....''mine, my things''
|-
| '''eta'''....''your'' || '''etas'''....''yours'' || '''etasi'''....''yours''
|-
| '''auta'''....''my own'' || '''autas'''....''my own'' || '''autasi'''....''my own (things)''
|-
| '''iyta'''....''her'' || '''iytas'''....''her own'' || '''iytasi'''....''hers, her things''
|- 
| '''wita'''....''his'' || '''witas'''....''ours'' || '''yatas'''....''ours, our things''
|-
| '''yata'''....''our'' || '''yatas'''....''ours'' || '''yatasi'''....''ours, our things''
|-
| '''outa'''....''one&amp;apos;s'' || '''outas'''....''one&amp;apos;s own'' || '''outasi'''....''one&amp;apos;s own (things)''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''Yat yefe ovmasber &lt;u&gt;yatasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We must protect &lt;u&gt;our own [pl. things]&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Etasi&lt;/u&gt; naze ga vyel &lt;u&gt;atasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Yours&lt;/u&gt; are worth more than &lt;u&gt;mine&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Biku &lt;u&gt;yeutasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You guys, mind &lt;u&gt;your own&lt;/u&gt; business (= things).''
::* '''Yat toybeti fe ayser &lt;u&gt;yauta&lt;/u&gt; nig.'''....''We gals want to have &lt;u&gt;our own&lt;/u&gt; space.''

== Translating various uses of ''it'' in English ==

: When translating English ''it'' referring to animate creatures such as babies, animals, dolls, angels, ghosts, and monsters, the Mirad third person animate personal pronouns '''it''' ''he/she/it'', '''iyt''' ''she'', or '''wit''' ''he'' is used, eg:
::* '''At eke bay ha epet hasav hu at iyfe &lt;u&gt;it / iyt / wit&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I play with the dog because I like &lt;u&gt;it / her / him&lt;/u&gt;.'' 

: When translating English ''it'' referring to an inanimate object or abstraction, a Mirad deictic &quot;thing&quot; determiner like '''has''' (''the thing''), '''his''' (''this''),  or '''hus''' (''that'') is used, eg:
::* '''At teasa ha dyezun ay at iyfa &lt;u&gt;has&lt;/u&gt; gla.'''....''I saw the movie and I liked &lt;u&gt;it (= the thing)&lt;/u&gt; a lot.''
::* '''Ha mes sa yija oy at voy ta &lt;u&gt;hus&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The door was open but I didn't know &lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt; (= that).''
 
: The possessive forms of '''has''' is '''hasa'''....''its'', for example:
::* '''At iyfe ha dyes ay at ife &lt;u&gt;hasa&lt;/u&gt; abdyun.'''....''I like the book and I love &lt;u&gt;it&amp;apos;s (= the thing&amp;apos;s)&lt;/u&gt; title.''

: If the pronoun '''they/them''' is just a plural of '''it''' referring to an object or abstraction, then the pronoun '''hasi''' is used.

::* '''Ha sini se via ay at ife &lt;u&gt;hasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The pictures   are beautiful and I love &lt;u&gt;them&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The possessive form of '''hasi'''....''they/them'' is '''hasia'''....''their'', eg.:

::* '''Ha tefi se via oy &lt;u&gt;hasia&lt;/u&gt; naxi se otwa.'''....''The hats are beautiful, but &lt;u&gt;their&lt;/u&gt; prices are unknown.''

: If ''it'' introduces a non-previously-mentioned abstraction in English or has no antecedent, then the ''it'' is left unexpressed in the Mirad equivalent sentence.  For example:

::* '''Mamilo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; will rain.'' ( = ''Will rain.'')
::* '''Se fia van et upa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; is good that you came.'' ( = ''Is good that you came.'')
::* '''Sa via jub bay et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; was a beautiful day with you.'' ( = ''Was a beautiful day...'')
::* '''Voy se yuka yaprer hia meb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; is not easy to climb this mountain.'' ( = ''Is not easy...'')

== Referring to Third Persons  ==

: The definite, proximal, distal deictic determiners can be used for third person pronouns.  These forms can be animate or inanimate, masculine or feminine, singular or plural, definite, proximal (near to the speaker) or distal (remote from the speaker).  The general forms of these specifiers are given in a previous section, but they are elaborated here for their use as third person pronouns:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Determiners Used to Express Third Persons
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! !! THING !! PERSON !! FEMALE !! MALE'''....''
|-
| DEFINITE || SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PLURAL&lt;br&gt;POSSESSIVE ||'''has'''....''it/this/the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they/them/these/the things''&lt;br&gt;'''hasa'''....''its/this/the thing&amp;apos;s'' || '''hat'''....''the person/he/she/him/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the people/they/them''&lt;br&gt;'''hata'''....''the person&amp;apos;s/his/her'' || '''hayt'''....''she/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''they/them/the females''&lt;br&gt;'''hayta'''....''her/the female&amp;apos;s'' || '''hwat'''....''he/him/the male person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''they/them/the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hwata'''....''his/the male&amp;apos;s''
|-
| PROXIMAL || SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PLURAL&lt;br&gt;POSSESSIVE ||'''his'''....''it/this/this thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''they/them/these/these things''&lt;br&gt;'''hisa'''....''its/this/this thing&amp;apos;s'' || '''hit'''....''this person/he/she/him/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people/they/them''&lt;br&gt;'''hita'''....''this person&amp;apos;s/his/her'' || '''hiyt'''....''she/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''they/them/these females''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyta'''....''her/this female&amp;apos;s'' || '''hwit'''....''he/him/this male person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''they/them/these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hwita'''....''his/this male&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PLURAL&lt;br&gt;POSSESSIVE ||'''hus'''....''it/this/that thing''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''they/them/these/those things''&lt;br&gt;'''husa'''....''its/this/these thing&amp;apos;s'' || '''hut'''....''this person/he/she/him/her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''these people/they/them''&lt;br&gt;'''huta'''....''this person&amp;apos;s/his/her'' || '''huyt'''....''she/her''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''they/them/those females''&lt;br&gt;'''huyta'''....''her/that female&amp;apos;s'' || '''hwut'''....''he/him/that male''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''they/them/those males''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuta'''....''his/that male&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Mirad does not force you to indicate gender in animate pronouns.  The gender-neutral forms in the PERSON column are ordinarily sufficient.  The forms in the MALE and FEMALE column are optional and used only when a distinction is needed.

: Here are some examples using the above pronouns:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyt&lt;/u&gt; voy se tadxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;She&lt;/u&gt; (that woman) is not married.''
::* '''At hoj teataye &lt;u&gt;hiti&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have never seen &lt;u&gt;them&lt;/u&gt; (these people).''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huytiasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga aga vyel atasi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Theirs&lt;/u&gt; (= the things of those females) are bigger than mine.''
::* '''Duham et koxa &lt;u&gt;has&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''Where did you hide &lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt; (the thing)?''
::* '''Duhayen et ijtra it (or: &lt;u&gt;hat&lt;/u&gt;)?'''....''How did you meet &lt;u&gt;him&lt;/u&gt; (or: the person)?''
::* '''At traye &lt;u&gt;huyt&lt;/u&gt; yagjob.'''....''I've known &lt;u&gt;her&lt;/u&gt; (=that female) for a long time.''

: The above pronouns answer the questions '''hos?'''....''what?'', '''hosi?'''....''what things?'', '''Duhat?'''....''who(m)?'', or '''duhati?'''....''what persons?'', but there is another set of '''''deictic selective pronouns''''' that answer the questions '''duhaat?'''....''which one?'', '''duhaayti?'''....''which ones (of the females mentioned)?'', '''duhaas?'''....''which one/thing?'', and '''duhaasi?'''....''which ones/things?''

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Selective Deictic Pronouns
|-
! SELECTIVES !! THING !! THINGS  !! PERSON !! PERSONS
|-
| DEFINITE || '''haas'''....''the one'' || '''haasi'''....''the ones'' || '''haat'''....''the one'' || '''haati'''....''the ones''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hias'''....''this one'' || '''hiasi'''....''these'' || '''hiat'''....''this one'' || '''hiati'''....''these''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huas'''....''that one'' || '''huasi'''....''those'' || '''huat'''....''that one'' || '''huati'''....''those''
|}

: Here are some examples using these deictic selective pronouns:

::* '''Duven et fu &lt;u&gt;hias&lt;/u&gt; ey huas?'''....''Would you like &lt;u&gt;this one&lt;/u&gt; or that one?''
::* '''Huayt se &lt;u&gt;haat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She (that female person) is &lt;u&gt;the one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe &lt;u&gt;hiasi&lt;/u&gt; ga vyel &lt;u&gt;huasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like &lt;u&gt;these&lt;/u&gt; more than &lt;u&gt;those&lt;/u&gt;.''

: Compare the following two examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaas&lt;/u&gt; et fu?  Hias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; would you like?  This one.'' (SELECTIVE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; et fu? His.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; would you like? This.'' (SPECIFIC)


:: '''''Relative Pronouns'''''

: '''''Relative pronouns''''' are presented in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs#Free Relative Clauses|Free Relative Clauses]].


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronouns|Verbs}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5ulnznl82d0wb16y51ojbxjgnrpnsr2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088396</id>
      <parentid>4088395</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:15:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20919" xml:space="preserve">= Pronouns =
: Pronouns are words that substitute for explicit nouns.  For example, the pronoun ''I'' stands for ''the person standing at this place''.  The pronoun ''this'' stands for ''the thing or person nearest''.  The pronoun '''big one'' stands for a person or thing of some stature.

: In Mirad, pronouns can be:

::* personal
::* deictic
::* reflexive
::* animate
::* inanimate
::* specific
::* generic
::* genderless
::* masculine
::* feminine
::* recprocal
::* emphatic
== Personal Pronouns ==
: '''''Personal pronouns''''' in Mirad are by nature '''''animate''''' and refer to people and other animate, sentient, or &quot;pretend&quot; creatures, such as dogs, angels, gods, puppets, babies, gods, and monsters.

: This chapter deals specifically with personal pronouns and not so much with deictic (demonstrative and indefinite) pronouns like ''who, those, any, and whatever'', treated in detail in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]].

: Personal animate pronouns can be of the following types:

::* '''''specific'''''....Referring to a specific person or group of persons, such as ''he'', ''you'', or ''me''.
::* '''''generic'''''....Referring to &quot;one&quot; in general or &quot;they&quot;, people in general
::* '''''reflexive'''''....Referring back to the same person, such as ''myself'', ''yourself'', or ''themselves''.
::* '''''emphatic'''''....Particularizing a person or persons, such as ''I, myself'', or ''she, herself''.

: Notice that personal pronouns, and indeed all pronouns, are devoid of distinctions of CASE, such as ''nominative'', ''objective'', ''dative'', etc. as in many languages (including English, in the distinction between ''I'' and ''me'', for example).  The words for ''we'' and ''us'' are the same in Mirad.  Pronouns do, however, have adjectival (or possessive) forms, such as ''my'' or ''his''.

: The chart below shows the '''''gender-neutral animate personal pronouns''''', which are gender-neutral.  The distinction of gender, if needed, can be expressed with extended personal pronouns.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
	|+ Gender-neutral Animate Personal Pronouns
|- 
	! PERSON 
	! TYPE
	! SINGULAR
	! PLURAL
|- 
	| 1st
	| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| SPECIFIC
	| '''at'''....''I, me''
	| '''yat'''....''we, us''
|-
	| 2nd
	| '''et'''....''you''
	| '''yet'''....''you, you all''
|-
	| 3rd
	| '''it'''....''he, she, him, her''
	| '''yit'''....''they, them''
|-
	| 3rd
	| GENERIC
	| '''ot'''....''one, they''
	| '''yot'''....''people''
|-
	| 3rd
	| REFLEXIVE
	| '''ut'''....''self''
	| '''yut'''....''selves''
|}

A distinction of gender can be expressed only in the third, singular animate specific pronoun, which otherwise can express ''he, she, him, her'' neutrally.  To express specifically ''he/she'', interject a '''y''' before the final '''t'''.  To express specifically a male (''he/him''), prepend the pronoun with '''w''':
::* '''iyt'''....''she/her''
::* '''wit'''....''he/him''

: The Mirad third person specific pronoun '''it''' can refer to any animate or pseudo-animate creatures such as animals, babies, dolls, angels, gods, monsters&quot;.  However, Mirad '''it''' cannot refer to non-animate things such as tables, ideas, abstractions, etc.  A deictic (demonstrative) pronoun is used in such cases, as discussed in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]].  

: The third person generic pronouns '''ot''' and '''yot''' are used as in English ''one'' and ''they, people'' (meaning unspecifed persons), as in the following examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ot&lt;/u&gt; yefe xer ha yakwas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;One&lt;/u&gt; must do what is expected.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yot&lt;/u&gt; de van et vyode hoj.'''....''&lt;u&gt;They/People&lt;/u&gt; say you never lie.''

: As mentioned earlier, Mirad has no cases, so position in the sentence or prepositions are used, eg.:
::* '''His se &lt;u&gt;av et&lt;/u&gt;.''' ....''This is &lt;u&gt;for you&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hus nyuf se &lt;u&gt; bi yat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''That parcel is &lt;u&gt;from us&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Du &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; din ayv eta tej.'''....''Tell &lt;u&gt;me&lt;/u&gt; a story about your life.''
: In the last example, the verb '''der''' (''tell'') has an inherent ''to'' built in its meaning, so no preposition ''to'' is needed before the pronoun '''at'''.  Direct and inderect object pronouns in Mirad work syntactally just as in English.

: Mirad has a special two special hybrid pronouns, '''aet''' and '''ayet''', which mean, respectively, ''I and you'' (dual) and ''I and you (plural)''.  These are used only where the situation calls for it, eg.:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Aet&lt;/u&gt; yeyfe tadser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;You and I&lt;/u&gt; should get married.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ayet&lt;/u&gt; efe yanbeser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;You people and I&lt;/u&gt; need to stick together.''
: The above two pronouns, like the others, can be made into possessive adjectives with the suffix '''-a''':
::* '''aet''' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''aeta'''....''our''
::* '''ayet'''&lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''ayeta'''....''our''
: These, in turn, can be nominalized:
::* '''aeta''' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''aetas'''....''ours'', '''aetasi'''....''ours'' (''the things of you and me'')
::* '''eyeta'''&lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''ayetas'''....''ours'', '''ayetasi'''....''ours'' (''the things of you people and me'')

== Reflexive Personal Pronouns ==

: Reflexive personal pronouns like English ''myself, yourself, etc.'' are formed by postfixing a '''u''' just before the final '''t'''.  Reflexive personal pronouns are invariable for gender.  Translating '''iut''' as ''herself'' depends on the context.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Reflexive Personal Pronouns 
|-
! PERSON !! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| FIRST PERSON|| '''aut'''....''myself'' || '''yaut'''....''ourselves''
|-
| SECOND PERSON|| '''eut'''....''yourself'' || '''yeut'''....''yourselves''
|-
| THIRD PERSON SPECIFIC || '''iut'''....''himself/herself'' || '''yiut'''....''themselves''
|-
| THIRD PERSON GENERIC || '''out'''....''oneself'' || '''yout'''....''people themselves''
|}
: Examples of personal pronoun usage:
::* '''At yafe teater &lt;u&gt;aut&lt;/u&gt; be ha sinzyef.'''....''I can see &lt;u&gt;myself&lt;/u&gt; in the mirror.''
::* '''Iyt yubteaxa &lt;u&gt;iut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She examined &lt;u&gt;herself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Tru &lt;u&gt;eut&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Know &lt;u&gt;thyself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yat&lt;/u&gt; yeyfe tadser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;We&lt;/u&gt; should get married.''
::* '''Iyt vey tojbo&lt;u&gt;iut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She may kill &lt;u&gt;herself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ot yefe ifer &lt;u&gt;out&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''One must love &lt;u&gt;oneself&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yot glaxag voy ife &lt;u&gt;yout&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''People often don't love &lt;u&gt;themselves&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yet ufe &lt;u&gt;yeut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You (people) hate &lt;u&gt;yourselves&lt;/u&gt;.'' 
::* '''Yet yeyfe yovser &lt;u&gt;yeut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You people should be ashamed of &lt;u&gt;yourselves&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yat&lt;/u&gt; ufe yet.'''....''&lt;u&gt;We &lt;/u&gt; hate you.''
::* '''Upu eker bay &lt;u&gt;yat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Come play with &lt;u&gt;us&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The reflexive pronoun '''ut'''....''self'' can sometimes be prefixed (with no variation in gender or number) to a verb to form a reflexive version of that verb, or it can be prefixed to other parts of speech to mean ''auto-'', or ''self-'', eg.:

::* '''tojber'''....''kill'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''uttojber'''....''commit suicide''
::* '''vyixer'''....''clean'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utvyixer'''....''wash up, clean oneself, self-clean''
::* '''exer'''....''function'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utexer'''....''function automatically, self-run''
::* '''izber'''....''pilot'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utizber'''....''auto-pilot, self-drive''
::* '''exut'''....''operator'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utexut'''....''automaton''
::* '''deber'''....''rule'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utdebea'''....''autocratic, self-ruling''
::* '''tejdin'''....''biography'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''uttejdin'''....''autobiography''
::* '''fider'''....''praise'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utfider'''....''boast''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (= ''self-praise'')

== Emphatic Personal Pronouns ==

: '''''Emphatic personal pronouns''''' can be formed by following the personal pronoun with the singular determiner '''hyit''' (''the very one'')or the plural determiner '''hyiti''' (''the very ones''), eg.: 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Emphatic Personal Pronouns
|-
! PERSON !! SINGULAR!! PLURAL
|-
| FIRST PERSON|| '''at aut'''....''I myself, me myself'' || '''yat yaut'''....''we ourselves, us ourselves''
|-
| SECOND PERSON|| '''et eut'''....''you yourself'' || '''yet yeut'''....''you yourselves''
|-
| THIRD PERSON|| '''it iut'''....''the person him or herself''&lt;br&gt;'''wit iut'''....''he himself''&lt;br&gt;'''iyt iut'''....''she herself'' || '''yit yiut'''....''they themselves''
|}

Note: Gender is not express in personal reflexive pronouns.  Only the personal specific pronouns express gender, and then only optionally.

: Examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;At aut&lt;/u&gt; voy vyatexe Tot.'''....''&lt;u&gt;I myself&lt;/u&gt; don't believe in God.''
::* '''At jateate &lt;u&gt;yet yeut&lt;/u&gt; be hua dezzamos.'''....''I foresee &lt;u&gt;you  yourselves&lt;/u&gt; on that stage.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Iyt iut&lt;/u&gt; voy sa hum.'''....''&lt;u&gt;She herself&lt;/u&gt; was not here.''


== Reciprocal Personal Pronouns ==

: The '''''reciprocal pronoun'''''....''one another, each other'' is translated with '''hyuit''', which is a melding of '''hyut''' (''the other person'') and '''hyit''' (''the same person'').  This is an invariable pronoun and does not express gender or number.

::* '''Yat yefe ifer &lt;u&gt;hyuit&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We must love &lt;u&gt;one another&lt;/u&gt;.'' 
: This reciprocal pronoun can be converted to a pronominal determiner by suffixing '''a''', as in '''hyuita'''....''one another's, mutual, reciprocal'':

::* '''Yat tobweti yefe fiyzaxer &lt;u&gt;hyuita&lt;/u&gt; fwasi.'''....''We guys must respect &lt;u&gt;one another's&lt;/u&gt; wishes.''

: Note the following:

::* '''hyuita'''....''mutual, reciprocal''
::* '''hyuitif'''....''Mutual love''
::* '''huitan'''....''mutuality, reciprocity''
::* '''hyutin'''....''altruism''
::* '''atin'''....''egoism''
::* '''utyena'''....''selfish''
::* '''utifa'''....''egoistic''
::* '''utifat'''....''egoist''
::* '''utufa'''....''self-loathing''
::* '''utin'''....''egotism''
::* '''utina'''....''egotistic''
::* '''utinat'''....''egotist''
::* '''ha at'''....''the ego''
::* '''ha it'''....''the id''
::* '''ha ut'''....''the self''
::* '''ha aybat'''....''the superego''
::* '''ha hyut'''....''the other''
::* '''hyutifa'''....''altruistic''
::* '''hyutifat'''....''altruist''
::* '''hyutufa'''....''xenophobic''

== Pronominal Determiners ==

: '''''Pronominal determiners''''', which can also be referred to as '''''possessive adjectives''''', are derived from pronouns by adding the adjectival ending '''a''' to the end of the pronoun, as follows:

::* '''at'''....''I, me''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''ata'''....''my''
::* '''aut'''....''myself''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''auta'''....''my own''
::* '''yat'''....''we, us''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''yata'''....''our''
::* '''yaut'''....''ourselves''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''yauta'''....''our own''
::* '''iut'''....''himself/herself''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''iuta'''....''his/her own'' 

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Basic Pronominal Determiners
|- valign=top
! PERSON !! TYPE !! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| 1st || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|SPECIFIC || '''ata'''....''my''|| '''yata'''....''our''
|-
| 2nd ||  '''eta'''....''your''|| '''yeta'''....''your''
|-
| 3rd  ||  '''ita'''....''his/her''&lt;br&gt;'''iyta'''....''her''&lt;br&gt;'''wita'''....''his''|| '''yita'''....''their''
|-
| 3rd || GENERIC || '''ota'''....''one&amp;apos;s'' ||'''yota'''....''people&amp;apos;s''
|}
: The above forms are gender-neutral and are the most commonly used pronominal determiners.  Here are some examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ata&lt;/u&gt; tej se fia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;My&lt;/u&gt; life is good.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yata&lt;/u&gt; twed...'''....''&lt;u&gt;Our&lt;/u&gt; father...''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ota&lt;/u&gt; fyadili yeyfe ser dola.'''....''&lt;u&gt;One&amp;apos;s&lt;/u&gt; prayers should be silent.''
::* '''At voy teata &lt;u&gt;ita&lt;/u&gt; dyes.'''....''I did not see &lt;u&gt;his/her&lt;/u&gt; book.''

: Pronominal Determines like &quot;my own, your own...&quot;:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Pronominal Determiners Like ''my own''
|- valign=top
! PERSON !! TYPE !! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| 1st || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|SPECIFIC || '''auta'''....''my own''|| '''yauta'''....''our own''
|-
| 2nd ||  '''euta'''....''your own''|| '''yeuta'''....''your own''
|-
| 3rd  ||  '''iuta'''....''his/her own''|| '''yiuta'''....''their own''
|-
| 3rd || GENERIC || '''outa'''....''one\&amp;apos;s own'' ||'''youta'''....''people\&amp;apos;s own''
|}

: The above pronominal determiners an be '''''substantivized''''' as pronouns by adding the suffix '''s'''....''thing possessed'', or '''si'''....''things possessed'', as follows:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Sample Substantivized Pronominal Determiners
|- valign=top
! ATTRIBUTE !! SINGULAR SUBSTANTIVE !! PLURAL SUBSTANTIVE
|-
| '''ata'''....''my'' || '''atas'''....''mine'' || '''atasi'''....''mine, my things''
|-
| '''eta'''....''your'' || '''etas'''....''yours'' || '''etasi'''....''yours''
|-
| '''auta'''....''my own'' || '''autas'''....''my own'' || '''autasi'''....''my own (things)''
|-
| '''iyta'''....''her'' || '''iytas'''....''her own'' || '''iytasi'''....''hers, her things''
|- 
| '''wita'''....''his'' || '''witas'''....''ours'' || '''yatas'''....''ours, our things''
|-
| '''yata'''....''our'' || '''yatas'''....''ours'' || '''yatasi'''....''ours, our things''
|-
| '''outa'''....''one&amp;apos;s'' || '''outas'''....''one&amp;apos;s own'' || '''outasi'''....''one&amp;apos;s own (things)''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''Yat yefe ovmasber &lt;u&gt;yatasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We must protect &lt;u&gt;our own [pl. things]&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Etasi&lt;/u&gt; naze ga vyel &lt;u&gt;atasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Yours&lt;/u&gt; are worth more than &lt;u&gt;mine&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Biku &lt;u&gt;yeutasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You guys, mind &lt;u&gt;your own&lt;/u&gt; business (= things).''
::* '''Yat toybeti fe ayser &lt;u&gt;yauta&lt;/u&gt; nig.'''....''We gals want to have &lt;u&gt;our own&lt;/u&gt; space.''

== Translating various uses of ''it'' in English ==

: When translating English ''it'' referring to animate creatures such as babies, animals, dolls, angels, ghosts, and monsters, the Mirad third person animate personal pronouns '''it''' ''he/she/it'', '''iyt''' ''she'', or '''wit''' ''he'' is used, eg:
::* '''At eke bay ha epet hasav hu at iyfe &lt;u&gt;it / iyt / wit&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I play with the dog because I like &lt;u&gt;it / her / him&lt;/u&gt;.'' 

: When translating English ''it'' referring to an inanimate object or abstraction, a Mirad deictic &quot;thing&quot; determiner like '''has''' (''the thing''), '''his''' (''this''),  or '''hus''' (''that'') is used, eg:
::* '''At teasa ha dyezun ay at iyfa &lt;u&gt;has&lt;/u&gt; gla.'''....''I saw the movie and I liked &lt;u&gt;it (= the thing)&lt;/u&gt; a lot.''
::* '''Ha mes sa yija oy at voy ta &lt;u&gt;hus&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The door was open but I didn't know &lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt; (= that).''
 
: The possessive forms of '''has''' is '''hasa'''....''its'', for example:
::* '''At iyfe ha dyes ay at ife &lt;u&gt;hasa&lt;/u&gt; abdyun.'''....''I like the book and I love &lt;u&gt;it&amp;apos;s (= the thing&amp;apos;s)&lt;/u&gt; title.''

: If the pronoun '''they/them''' is just a plural of '''it''' referring to an object or abstraction, then the pronoun '''hasi''' is used.

::* '''Ha sini se via ay at ife &lt;u&gt;hasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The pictures   are beautiful and I love &lt;u&gt;them&lt;/u&gt;.''

: The possessive form of '''hasi'''....''they/them'' is '''hasia'''....''their'', eg.:

::* '''Ha tefi se via oy &lt;u&gt;hasia&lt;/u&gt; naxi se otwa.'''....''The hats are beautiful, but &lt;u&gt;their&lt;/u&gt; prices are unknown.''

: If ''it'' introduces a non-previously-mentioned abstraction in English or has no antecedent, then the ''it'' is left unexpressed in the Mirad equivalent sentence.  For example:

::* '''Mamilo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; will rain.'' ( = ''Will rain.'')
::* '''Se fia van et upa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; is good that you came.'' ( = ''Is good that you came.'')
::* '''Sa via jub bay et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; was a beautiful day with you.'' ( = ''Was a beautiful day...'')
::* '''Voy se yuka yaprer hia meb.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It&lt;/u&gt; is not easy to climb this mountain.'' ( = ''Is not easy...'')

== Referring to Third Persons  ==

: The definite, proximal, distal deictic determiners can be used for third person pronouns.  These forms can be animate or inanimate, masculine or feminine, singular or plural, definite, proximal (near to the speaker) or distal (remote from the speaker).  The general forms of these specifiers are given in a previous section, but they are elaborated here for their use as third person pronouns:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deictic Determiners Used to Express Third Persons
|- valign=top
! &amp;nbsp; !! !! THING !! PERSON !! FEMALE !! MALE'''....''
|-
| DEFINITE || SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PLURAL&lt;br&gt;POSSESSIVE ||'''has'''....''it/this/the thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi'''....''they/them/these/the things''&lt;br&gt;'''hasa'''....''its/this/the thing&amp;apos;s'' || '''hat'''....''the person/he/she/him/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hati'''....''the people/they/them''&lt;br&gt;'''hata'''....''the person&amp;apos;s/his/her'' || '''hayt'''....''she/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hayti'''....''they/them/the females''&lt;br&gt;'''hayta'''....''her/the female&amp;apos;s'' || '''hwat'''....''he/him/the male person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwati'''....''they/them/the males''&lt;br&gt;'''hwata'''....''his/the male&amp;apos;s''
|-
| PROXIMAL || SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PLURAL&lt;br&gt;POSSESSIVE ||'''his'''....''it/this/this thing''&lt;br&gt;'''hisi'''....''they/them/these/these things''&lt;br&gt;'''hisa'''....''its/this/this thing&amp;apos;s'' || '''hit'''....''this person/he/she/him/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiti'''....''these people/they/them''&lt;br&gt;'''hita'''....''this person&amp;apos;s/his/her'' || '''hiyt'''....''she/her''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyti'''....''they/them/these females''&lt;br&gt;'''hiyta'''....''her/this female&amp;apos;s'' || '''hwit'''....''he/him/this male person''&lt;br&gt;'''hwiti'''....''they/them/these males''&lt;br&gt;'''hwita'''....''his/this male&amp;apos;s''
|-
| DISTAL || SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PLURAL&lt;br&gt;POSSESSIVE ||'''hus'''....''it/this/that thing''&lt;br&gt;'''husi'''....''they/them/these/those things''&lt;br&gt;'''husa'''....''its/this/these thing&amp;apos;s'' || '''hut'''....''this person/he/she/him/her''&lt;br&gt;'''huti'''....''these people/they/them''&lt;br&gt;'''huta'''....''this person&amp;apos;s/his/her'' || '''huyt'''....''she/her''&lt;br&gt;'''huyti'''....''they/them/those females''&lt;br&gt;'''huyta'''....''her/that female&amp;apos;s'' || '''hwut'''....''he/him/that male''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuti'''....''they/them/those males''&lt;br&gt;'''hwuta'''....''his/that male&amp;apos;s''
|}

: Mirad does not force you to indicate gender in animate pronouns.  The gender-neutral forms in the PERSON column are ordinarily sufficient.  The forms in the MALE and FEMALE column are optional and used only when a distinction is needed.

: Here are some examples using the above pronouns:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huyt&lt;/u&gt; voy se tadxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;She&lt;/u&gt; (that woman) is not married.''
::* '''At hoj teataye &lt;u&gt;hiti&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I have never seen &lt;u&gt;them&lt;/u&gt; (these people).''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huytiasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga aga vyel atasi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Theirs&lt;/u&gt; (= the things of those females) are bigger than mine.''
::* '''Duham et koxa &lt;u&gt;has&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''Where did you hide &lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt; (the thing)?''
::* '''Duhayen et ijtra it (or: &lt;u&gt;hat&lt;/u&gt;)?'''....''How did you meet &lt;u&gt;him&lt;/u&gt; (or: the person)?''
::* '''At traye &lt;u&gt;huyt&lt;/u&gt; yagjob.'''....''I've known &lt;u&gt;her&lt;/u&gt; (=that female) for a long time.''

: The above pronouns answer the questions '''hos?'''....''what?'', '''hosi?'''....''what things?'', '''Duhat?'''....''who(m)?'', or '''duhati?'''....''what persons?'', but there is another set of '''''deictic selective pronouns''''' that answer the questions '''duhaat?'''....''which one?'', '''duhaayti?'''....''which ones (of the females mentioned)?'', '''duhaas?'''....''which one/thing?'', and '''duhaasi?'''....''which ones/things?''

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Selective Deictic Pronouns
|-
! SELECTIVES !! THING !! THINGS  !! PERSON !! PERSONS
|-
| DEFINITE || '''haas'''....''the one'' || '''haasi'''....''the ones'' || '''haat'''....''the one'' || '''haati'''....''the ones''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''hias'''....''this one'' || '''hiasi'''....''these'' || '''hiat'''....''this one'' || '''hiati'''....''these''
|-
| DISTAL || '''huas'''....''that one'' || '''huasi'''....''those'' || '''huat'''....''that one'' || '''huati'''....''those''
|}

: Here are some examples using these deictic selective pronouns:

::* '''Duven et fu &lt;u&gt;hias&lt;/u&gt; ey huas?'''....''Would you like &lt;u&gt;this one&lt;/u&gt; or that one?''
::* '''Huayt se &lt;u&gt;haat&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She (that female person) is &lt;u&gt;the one&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At iyfe &lt;u&gt;hiasi&lt;/u&gt; ga vyel &lt;u&gt;huasi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I like &lt;u&gt;these&lt;/u&gt; more than &lt;u&gt;those&lt;/u&gt;.''

: Compare the following two examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaas&lt;/u&gt; et fu?  Hias.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Which one&lt;/u&gt; would you like?  This one.'' (SELECTIVE)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; et fu? His.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; would you like? This.'' (SPECIFIC)


:: '''''Relative Pronouns'''''

: '''''Relative pronouns''''' are presented in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs#Free Relative Clauses|Free Relative Clauses]].


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Determiners|Verbs}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kb9dxzzmhhb0bvqplm9zbj72n0d482e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Verbs</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417649</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088246</id>
      <parentid>4087408</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:23:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106373" xml:space="preserve">= Verbs  =
: Verbs in Mirad are listed in the dictionary under the present infinitive (see [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs#Non-finite Forms]]), such as '''ayser'''....''to have''. The infinitive minus the '''er''' ending is the stem.  The stem is used as the base for all other verbal instantiations.  The infinitive as listed in the dictionary is usually active in voice, but occasionally a passive infinitive ending in '''-wer''' will be lexicalized because of it is somehow special, but the stem is still the infinitive minus the '''-er''' ending.  All Mirad verbs are conjugated in the same way and there are no exceptions.

: This shows how to determine the '''''stem''''' of a verb listed in the dictionary:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Verb Stems
|-
! SIMPLE INFINITIVE VERB !! STEM !! INFINITIVE ENDING
|-
| '''ays&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to have'' || '''ays-''' || '''-er'''
|-
| '''pos&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to (come to a) stop'' || '''pos-''' || '''-er'''
|-
| '''x&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to do'' || '''x-''' || '''-er'''
|-
| '''xw&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to happen, be done'' (PASSIVE)|| '''xw-''' || '''-er'''
|}
== Verb Categories ==
=== Morphological Categories ===

:: Verbs are inflected with the following '''''morphological categories''''': 

::* '''''2 STATES''''': finite, non-finite
::* '''''4 TENSES''''': present, past, future, tenseless&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
::* '''''5 ASPECTS''''': simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential
::* '''''2 VOICES''''': active, passive
::* '''''2 MOODS''''': indicative, hypothetical

'''''Note 1:''''' The term &quot;tenseless&quot; means that tense is not marked.  For example, in Mirad, ''Pu!'' is the imperative of the verb '''per'''....''to go''.  It means ''Go!'' and in tenseless.  The '''-u''' ending is a tenseless hypothetical mood marker.

: In effect, the PERSON/NUMBER category is not listed above, because this caterory does not affect the morphology of the Mirad verb form itself. The Mirad verb form stays the same for all persons and numbers.  That information is contained in the subject pronouns governing the verb.  In English, for example, the verb &quot;be&quot; has several different forms in the present tense verb form depending on the person and number (I &lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;, you &lt;u&gt;are&lt;/u&gt;, he &lt;u&gt;is&lt;/u&gt;, we &lt;u&gt;are&lt;/u&gt;, etc.)  The following chart shows how the English pattern differs from the corresponding single Mirad verb form '''se''' for all persons and numbers:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Verbs Forms Unchanged for Person
|-
! PERSON !! NUMBER || ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;''to be'' !! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;'''ser'''
|-
| 1st || SINGULAR || ''I &lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'' || '''at &lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| 2nd || SINGULAR || ''you &lt;u&gt;are&lt;/u&gt;'' || '''et &lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| 3rd || SINGULAR  || ''he/she/it &lt;u&gt;is&lt;/u&gt;'' || '''it &lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| 1st || PLURAL || ''we &lt;u&gt;are&lt;/u&gt;'' || '''yat &lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| 2nd || PLURAL || ''you &lt;u&gt;are&lt;/u&gt;'' || '''yet &lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| 3rd || PLURAL || ''they &lt;u&gt;are&lt;/u&gt;'' || '''yit &lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''
|}
: This invariability of person/number exists for all tenses.

=== Lexical Categories ===

:: In addition, verbs can be described in terms of the following opposing '''''lexical''''' categories.  By lexical, is meant that verbs having different lexical properties are listed in the dictionary and have nothing to do with conjugation.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Verb Lexical Categories
|-
! STATIVE !! DYNAMIC
|-
| '''ser'''....''to be'' || '''xer'''....''to do''
|-
! INTRANSITIVE !! TRANSITIVE
|-
| '''agaser'''....''to grow large'' || '''agaxer'''....''to magnify''
|-
! SUBJECT-DIRECTED !! PATIENT-DIRECTED
|-
| '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''buer'''....''to give''
|-
! REFLEXIVE !! NON-REFLEXIVE
|-
| '''utvyixer'''....''to wash up (wash oneself)'' || '''vyixer'''....''to wash''
|-
! INCHOATIVE !! CAUSATIVE
|-
| '''tujper'''....''fall asleep'' || '''tujber'''....''put to sleep''
|-
! AUTONOMOUS !! DYNAMIC
|-
| '''yijer'''....''to open (by itself)'' || '''yijber'''....''to (make it) open''
|-
! RECIPROCAL !! NON-RECIPROCAL
|-
| '''hyuittujber'''....''to kill one another'' || '''tujber'''....''to kill''
|-
! GESTURAL !! LOCOMOTIVE
|-
| '''baser'''....''to stir, budge'' || '''paser'''....''to move''
|-
! SUBJECT-ORIENTED !! OBJECT-ORIENTED
|-
| '''teetyiker'''....''to be hard of hearing'' || '''teetyikwer'''....''to be hard to hear''
|}

== Non-finite Forms ==
: '''''Non-finite verb forms''''' are
::* not conjugated for person or number
::* cannot form a predicate
::* and do not have a subject.  

: There are three kinds of non-finite verb forms in Mirad:

::* '''''infinitives''''': the dictionary lookup form of a verb, ending in '''-er'''
::* '''''gerunds''''': verbal nouns, ending in '''-en'''
::* '''''participles''''': verbal adjectives, ending in '''-a'''
=== Infinitives ===
: Verbs are listed in the dictionary under the '''''active voice simple aspect infinitive''''' form, which always ends in '''er''' and means ''to X'', or rarely the passive voice simple aspect infinitive form, which ends in '''wer''' and means ''to be Xed''.  The part of the verb form minus the '''-er''' is the '''''verb stem'''''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Infinitive Stems
|-
! INFINITIVE || STEM !! ENDING
|-
| '''agser'''....''to grow'' || '''ags-''' || '''-er'''  
|-
| '''igxer'''....''to quicken'' || '''igx-''' || '''-er''' 
|-
| '''per'''....''to go'' || '''p-''' || '''-er'''  
|-
| '''xwer'''....''to happen, be done'' || '''xw-''' || '''-er''' 
|}

: The infinitive in Mirad is used very much as its counterpart in English.  The infinitive can be marked for two aspects (simple, perfect) and two voices (active, passive), as shown in the chart below, where the respective stems are underlined:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Active and Passive Infinitive Stems
|-
! INFINITIVE !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE
|-
| SIMPLE ASPECT|| '''&lt;u&gt;igx&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''to quicken'' || '''&lt;u&gt;igxw&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''to be quickened''
|-
| PERFECT ASPECT|| '''&lt;u&gt;igxay&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''to have quickened'' || '''&lt;u&gt;igxaw&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''to have been quickened''
|}
 : In the above chart, the verb stem is '''igx-''' and
::* the infinitive marker is '''-er''';
::* the simple aspect active voice marker is zero;
::* the simple aspect passive voice marker is '''w''';
::* the perfect aspect active voice marker is '''-ay-''';
::* the past aspect passive voice marker is '''-aw-'''.

Intransitive verbs like '''per''' ''to go'' do not have a passive voice.  Also, the passive voice form of a verb will not appear in the dictionary unless it has a special meaning, such as '''xwer''' ''to happen''.  The perfect infinitives are never listed in the dictionary.

=== Gerunds ===
: The gerund is a verbal noun like English ''playing'' in ''playing ball.''
: The gerund has two possible '''''aspects''''' (simple and perfect) and two possible '''''voices''''' (active and passive):
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Gerund Formation
|-
! ASPECT !! VOICE !! ENDING !! EXAMPLE
|-
| SIMPLE || ACTIVE || '''-en''' || '''agax&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;'''....''magnifiying, magnification''
|-
| SIMPLE || PASSIVE || '''-wen''' || '''agax&lt;u&gt;wen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''being magnified''
|-
| PERFECT || ACTIVE || '''-ayen''' || '''byek&lt;u&gt;ayen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''having cured''
|-
| PERFECT || PASSIVE || '''-awen''' || '''byek&lt;u&gt;awen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''having been cured''
|}
: Note: Intransitive verbs like '''per''' ''to go'' do not have a passive gerund form.

: Lexicalized gerunds, such as '''sanxen''' ''formation, forming'' generally appear in the dictionary in the active voice.

: Some examples of gerund usage:

::* ('''sanxer'''....''to form'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''Ha &lt;u&gt;sanxen&lt;/u&gt; bi hia mar efxa amroni bi jabi.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;forming&lt;/u&gt; (or: &lt;u&gt;formation&lt;/u&gt;) of this star took millions of years.''
::* ('''deuzer'''....''to sing'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''Iyta &lt;u&gt;deuzen&lt;/u&gt; sa gla via.'''....''Her &lt;u&gt;singing&lt;/u&gt; was very beautiful.''
::* ('''poper'''....''to travel'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''&lt;u&gt;Popen&lt;/u&gt; se yika yex.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Traveling&lt;/u&gt; is hard work.''
::* ('''teeter'''....''to hear'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''&lt;u&gt;Teetwen&lt;/u&gt; fiay se glatesa av dezuti.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Being heard&lt;/u&gt; well is important for actors.''
::* ('''teater'''....''to see'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''&lt;u&gt;Teaten&lt;/u&gt; se &lt;u&gt;vyatexen&lt;/u&gt;.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Seeing&lt;/u&gt; is &lt;u&gt;believing&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* ('''uper'''....''to come'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''His se ha jeb bi &lt;u&gt;Upen&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is the season of &lt;u&gt;Advent&lt;/u&gt; (coming).''
::* ('''tadier'''....''to get married'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''Ata &lt;u&gt;tadiayen&lt;/u&gt; ewa jodi bixa tepzex.'''....''My &lt;u&gt;having married&lt;/u&gt; twice drew attention.''
::* ('''aker'''....''to win'')&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''At voy ta ita &lt;u&gt;akawen&lt;/u&gt; hua nuz.'''....''I did not know about his &lt;u&gt;having won&lt;/u&gt; that prize.''
: Gerunds, being verb forms, can take direct and indirect objects:
::* '''At ifxwe bey eta buayen at hua nas.'''....''I am pleased by your having given me that money.''
::* '''Tojben eut voy se kebiyaf.'''....''Killing yourself is not an option.''

=== Participles ===
: Participles are verbal adjectives and can modify nouns and pronouns.  Since they act as adjectives, they have the adjectival ending '''-a'''.  Participles are marked by '''''aspect''''' (simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential) and '''''voice''''' (active, passive).
: The aspect markers per voice are:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Aspect Markers
|-
! ASPECT !! VOICE !! FULL FORM !! ABBREVIATED FORM
|-
| PROGRESSIVE || ACTIVE || '''-ey-''' || '''-e-'''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE || PASSIVE || '''-ew-''' ||
|-
| PERFECT || ACTIVE || '''-ay-''' || '''-y-'''
|-
| PERFECT || PASSIVE || '''-aw-''' || '''-w-'''
|-
| IMMINENT || ACTIVE || '''-oy-''' || '''-o-'''
|-
| IMMINENT || PASSIVE || '''-ow-''' ||
|-
| POTENTIAL || ACTIVE || '''-uy-''' || '''-u-'''
|-
| POTENTIAL || PASSIVE || '''-uw-''' ||
|}

: Here is a table of participles:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Participles
|-
! ASPECT !! VOICE !! INFINITIVE !! PARTICIPLE !! EXAMPLE
|-
| PROGRESSIVE || ACTIVE || '''deuz&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to sing'' || '''deuz&lt;u&gt;ea&lt;/u&gt;'''....''singing'' || '''ha deuzea pat'''....''the singing bird''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| PERFECT || ACTIVE || '''pi&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to depart'' || '''pi&lt;u&gt;(a)ya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''departed''|| '''ha piya topi'''....''the departed souls''
|-
| IMMINENT || ACTIVE || '''tajb&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to give birth'' || '''tajb&lt;u&gt;oa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''about to give birth'' || '''ha tajboa toyb'''....''the woman about to give birth''
|- 
| POTENTIAL || ACTIVE || '''tojb&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to kill'' || '''tojb&lt;u&gt;ua&lt;/u&gt;'''....''with potential to kill'' || '''tojbua til'''....''a lethal potion''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| PROGRESSIVE || PASSIVE || '''ebdal&lt;u&gt;wer&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to be discussed'' || '''ebdal&lt;u&gt;ewa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''being discussed'' || '''ha ebdalewa dyen'''....''the book being discussed''
|-
| PERFECT || PASSIVE || '''yujb&lt;u&gt;wer&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to be closed'' || '''yujb&lt;u&gt;(a)wa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''closed'' || '''ha yujbwa mes'''....''the closed door''
|- 
| IMMINENT || PASSIVE || '''sex&lt;u&gt;wer&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to be built''  || '''sex&lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''about to be built'' || '''ha sexowa tam'''....''the house about to be built''
|-
| POTENTIAL || PASSIVE || '''til&lt;u&gt;wer&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to be drunk'' || '''til&lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''drinkable'' || '''tiluwa mil'''....''potable water''
|}

: '''''Note 1''''': In passive participles, the perfect aspect vowel '''a''' is usually omitted for brevity's sake, unless the verb stem ends in one of the liquid sounds '''l''' or '''r''', which would make the pronunciation difficult.  For example, the perfect passive participle of '''xer''' is '''xwa''' but the pefect passive participle of '''xler''' is '''xlawa'''.  In active perfect participles, especially for intransitive verbs built on '''per''' ''to go'', '''aya''' is usually reduced to '''ya''', as in '''ha piya topi'''....''the departed souls'' (rather than '''ha piaya topi'''.  In poetry, the perfect aspect vowel '''a''' can be omitted or retained optionally in the perfect active or passive participle. 

: '''''Note 2:''''' The potential aspect, represented by the vowel '''u''' is much like the conditional in English, but is not considered a tense in Mirad.  For example, '''tojbu''' means ''would kill'' and the participle '''tojbua''' means ''lethal'' (referring to something that ''would/has the potential to kill'').  More about this in a later section.

: '''''Note 3:''''' There is another form of the progressive participle that falls in the lexical, rather than morphological category, in that such forms are listed in the dictionary as adjectives.  For example, in the phrase ''The animals &lt;u&gt;bothering&lt;/u&gt; our bird feeder...'', the participle ''bothering'' would be '''oboxea''' in Mirad.  By inserting the letter '''y''' between the verb stem and the participial ending, the participle becomes an adjective denoting a propensity or habit, as in ''bothersome'' ('''obox&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;ea''').  Such participles are invariably in the active voice.  Most such adjectives in English end in ''-ive'' as in ''repulsive'' or ''-ly'' as in ''wiggly'' or ''-ous'' as in ''circuitous.''  Such adjectives in Mirad are listed in the dictionary and end in '''-yea'''.
 
: Adverbial participles can be made from the above adjectival participles, by suffixing the letter '''y'''.  Examples:

::* '''Iyt yepa ha tim &lt;u&gt;deuzeay&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She entered the room &lt;u&gt;singing&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ujbaway&lt;/u&gt; ha dodal, it pia.'''....''The speech &lt;u&gt;having been finished&lt;/u&gt;, he left.''

: Also, the above participles can be converted into abstract nouns by suffixing '''n'''.  Examples:

::* '''tiluwa'''....''drinkable'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''tiluwan'''....''potability''
::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''tojbuan'''....''lethality''
::* '''mansea'''....''shining'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''he &lt;u&gt;mansean&lt;/u&gt; bi iyta deuzen'''....''the &lt;u&gt;brilliance&lt;/u&gt; of her singing''
::* '''aakaxyea'''....''inventive'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''aakaxyean'''....''inventiveness''

: Furthermore, these participles can sometimes be pronominalized with '''s''' for things and '''t''' for people or living things.  These forms can, in turn, be pluralized:

::* '''xwa'''....''known'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''xwas'''....''what is known, a fact''
::* '''xwa'''....''known'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''xwasi'''....''facts, information''
::* '''oxwa'''....''unknown'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''oxwas'''....''what is not known, a mystery''
::* '''osexea'''....''destroying'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''osexeas'''....''a destroyer''
::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''tojbuas'''....''something lethal, a lethal thing''
::* '''tojboa'''....''moribund'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''tojboati'''....''people about to die, fatal cases''
::* '''tejea'''....''living'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''tejeat'''....''a living person''
::* '''tejea'''....''living'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''tejeasi'''....''living things''

: There is a special tenseless, nominalized, animate participle used for '''''agent''''' nouns (English ''one who does something, Xer'', ''Xant'', ''Xist''), which refers to a person who habitually does some action, perhaps as a profession or trade.  These agent nouns end in '''-ut'''.

::* '''sexut'''....''builder''
::* '''nuut'''....''supplier''
::* '''tojbut'''....''killer''
::* '''ifut'''....''lover''
::* '''akuti'''....''winners''

: Note: There is a slight difference of meaning between the tensed participial pronoun '''ha akeat'''....''the one winning'' and the non-tensed agent noun '''ha akut'''....''the winner''.

: Similarly, there is a special tenseless, nominalized, &lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;animate participle used for a thing that performs the action denoted by the verb stem.  These agent nouns end in '''-us'''.

::* '''yuxus'''....''aid (a thing that helps)''
::* '''byuxwus'''....''button (a thing that gets touched on the keyboard)''
::* '''paxus'''....''motive (a thing that moves one)''
::* '''jaupus'''....''precedent (a thing that comes before)''

== Finite Forms ==

: In Mirad, finite verb forms are those that can take a person subject, serve as a predicate, and be conjugated. Finite verb forms are conjugated by using suffixes indicating, through their presence or absence, the following categories:

::* TENSES 
:::# '''''present'''''
:::# '''''past'''''
:::# '''''future'''''
:::# '''''tenseless'''''
::* MOODS
:::# '''''indicative'''''
:::# '''''hypothetical'''''
::* ASPECTS
:::# '''''simple'''''
:::# '''''progressive'''''
:::# '''''perfect'''''
:::# '''''imminent'''''
:::# '''''potential'''''
::* VOICES
:::# '''''active'''''
:::# '''''passive'''''
:::# '''''reflexive'''''
:::# '''''reciprocal'''''

: Person and number are not marked on the verb form itself.  For example, ''am'', ''is'', ''are'', which change according to the person subject in English,  are all expressed with the same verb form in Mirad: '''se'''.  Thus, '''at se'''....''I am'', '''et se'''....''you are'', '''it se'''....''he/she/it is'', etc.

=== Moods ===
: There are two moods in Mirad:  '''''indicative''''' and '''''hypothetical'''''.

::* '''''Indicative Mood'''''

::: The '''''indicative''''' form of the verb indicates an action or state that occurs in actual time, such as ''he went'', ''he is going'', ''he will go.''

::: The indicative mood has three tenses, '''''present''''', '''''past''''', '''''future''''', and '''''tenseless''''',  indicated by the suffixes '''-e''', '''-a''', '''-o''', and '''-u''', respectively. 

::* '''''Hypothetical Mood'''''

::: Wheras the indicative verb forms expresses actuality in time, the '''''hypothetical mood''''' expresses one of the non-actuality situations below:

:::* a command , i.e. the IMPERATIVE (''Go!'')
:::* a wish or suggestion, i.e. the HORTATIVE or JUSSIVE (''May the king live long!'', ''Let's celebrate!'')
:::* an unrealized situation, i.e. the SUBJUNCTIVE (''It is important that you &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; early.'')
:::* an imagined if-then-situation, i.e. the CONDITIONAL (''If I &lt;u&gt;were&lt;/u&gt; rich, I &lt;u&gt;would be&lt;/u&gt; happy.'')

=== Aspects ===

: There are five aspects in the Mirad verb system.

::* the '''''SIMPLE''''' aspect (default), i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional.
::* the '''''PROGRESSIVE''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state on-going in the particular tense.
::* the '''''PERFECT''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state anterior or already completed.
::* the '''''IMMINENT''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state about to happen.
::* the '''''POTENTIAL''''' aspect, i.e. an action potentially happening.

::* '''''The Simple Aspect''''' (default)

:: Unless specifically marked, the default aspect is '''''simple''''', i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional.  Five tenses can be expressed in the simple aspect, PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE, and what's called TENSELESS, that is, irrespective of time, i.e. unmarked for tense.

:: Here is a chart showing the simple, active voice instantiations of two Mirad verbs ('''per'''....''to go'' and '''ser'''....''to be'') with the endings underlined:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Active Voice Conjugation of Per and Ser
|-
! MOOD !! TENSE !! ASPECT !! VOICE || VERB #1 '''per'''  || VERB #2 '''ser'''
|-
| INDICATIVE || PRESENT || SIMPLE || ACTIVE || '''At p&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;'''. ''I go'' || '''At s&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;'''. ''I am''
|-
| INDICATIVE || PAST || SIMPLE || ACTIVE || '''At p&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''. ''I went'' || '''At s&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''. ''I was''
|-
| INDICATIVE || FUTURE || SIMPLE || ACTIVE ||'''At p&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;'''. ''I will go'' || '''At s&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;'''. ''I will be''
|-
| HYPOTHETICAL || TENSELESS || SIMPLE || ACTIVE || '''At p&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;'''. ''I would go'' [CONDITIONAL]&lt;br&gt;'''Van yat p&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;'''!....''Let's go!'' [HORTATIVE]&lt;br&gt;'''P&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; tam'''!....''Go home!'' [IMPERATIVE]&lt;br&gt;'''Van hyat p&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;'''!....''May everyone go! [JUSSIVE]''&lt;br&gt;'''Se fia van et p&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is well that you go.'' [SUBJUNCTIVE]|| '''At s&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I would be''&lt;br&gt;'''Van has s&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Let it be.''&lt;br&gt;'''S&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; fia!'''....''Be good!''&lt;br&gt;'''Van hyat s&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; iva!'''....''May everyone be happy!''&lt;br&gt;'''Se glatesa van et s&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; jwaa.'''....''It's important that you be early.''
|}

:::* '''''The Simple Indicative Present Tense'''''

:::: The simple indicative present instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''e''' and has a non-progressive (habitual) aspect as in English ''I work'' or ''I live''.  Progressive aspect forms like ''I am studying'' are explained later.

::::: Examples:
::::::* '''At &lt;u&gt;yexe&lt;/u&gt; be tam.''' ....''I &lt;u&gt;work&lt;/u&gt; at home''.
::::::* '''Hia tom &lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt; nam.''' ....''This building &lt;u&gt;is&lt;/u&gt; a store.''

:::* '''''The Simple Indicative Past Tense'''''

:::: The simple indicative past tense instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''a''' and has a non-progressive (punctual) meaning as in English ''I did something at some particular point in time''.  The simple past contrasts in aspect with the past progressive (''I was doing something'') or the present perfect (''I have done something''), or past potential (''I would have done something'').  The simple past is punctual, that is, it describes an event that occurred at a particular point in time.

::::: Examples:
::::::* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;taja&lt;/u&gt; be yibmem.''' ....''She was &lt;u&gt;born&lt;/u&gt; abroad.''
::::::* '''At &lt;u&gt;ujba&lt;/u&gt; ha dyes ji iwa jwobi.''' ....''I &lt;u&gt;finished&lt;/u&gt; the book three hours ago.''
::::::* '''His &lt;u&gt;kyesa&lt;/u&gt; exag hijub.'''....''This &lt;u&gt;happened&lt;/u&gt; twice today.''

:::* '''''The Simple Indicative Future Tense'''''

:::: The simple indicative future tense is marked with the vowel suffix '''o''' and has the same meaning as in English ''I will do something at some particular point in the future''.

::::: Examples: 
::::::* '''Yit &lt;u&gt;tadso&lt;/u&gt; zajab.'''....''They &lt;u&gt;are going to get married&lt;/u&gt; next year.''
::::::* '''Hua kaxon &lt;u&gt;ujako&lt;/u&gt;.''' ....''That solution &lt;u&gt;will work&lt;/u&gt;.''

:::* '''''The Simple Hypothetical Tenseless Tense'''''

:::: A verb form ending in '''u''' like '''pu''' has no time value and is used to express unreal actions or states, such as the '''''imperative''''', '''''hortative''''', '''''jussive''''', '''''conditional''''', or '''''subjunctive'''''.
::::: Examples:
::::::* '''&lt;u&gt;Upu&lt;/u&gt; him!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Come&lt;/u&gt; here!'' (IMPERATIVE)
::::::* '''&lt;u&gt;Von upu&lt;/u&gt;!''' ....''&lt;u&gt;Don't come&lt;/u&gt;!'' (NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE)
::::::* '''Ha edeb &lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt; teater et.''' ....''The king &lt;u&gt;would like&lt;/u&gt; to see you.'' (CONDITIONAL)
::::::* '''Ven at &lt;u&gt;su&lt;/u&gt; et, at &lt;u&gt;dolu&lt;/u&gt;.''' ....''If I &lt;u&gt;were&lt;/u&gt; you, I &lt;u&gt;would be&lt;/u&gt; quiet.'' (CONDITIONAL)
::::::* '''Van eyt &lt;u&gt;ujaku&lt;/u&gt; be eytia yexnadi.''' ....''May all you women &lt;u&gt;succeed&lt;/u&gt; in your careers.'' (HORTATIVE)
::::::* '''Van yat &lt;u&gt;ijbu&lt;/u&gt; bay fyadil.''' ....''Let's &lt;u&gt;begin&lt;/u&gt; with a prayer.'' (JUSSIVE)
::::::* '''Se glatesa &lt;u&gt;van et puu&lt;/u&gt; jwa.''' ....''It's important &lt;u&gt;that you arrive&lt;/u&gt; early.'' (SUBJUNCTIVE)
::::::* '''Se glatesa &lt;u&gt;von et puu&lt;/u&gt; jwo.'''....''It's important &lt;u&gt;that you not arrive&lt;/u&gt; late.'' (NEGATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE)

:::: Hypothetical verb forms ending in '''-u''' can be interpreted in various ways, depending on the following syntactical patterns in the sentence:
:::::* Generally, if a verb form ending in '''-u''' begins a sentence and has no subject, then it is an IMPERATIVE (a command).  For example, '''Ipu!''', ''Go away!''.
:::::* If the verb form has a subject not preceded by the complementizers '''van''', '''ven''', or '''von''', then it is probably a CONDITIONAL predicate like '''At fu per.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;would like&lt;/u&gt; to go.''.
:::::* If the subject of the verb is preceded by '''ven'''....''if'', then it is a CONDITIONAL clause as in '''Ven at &lt;u&gt;su&lt;/u&gt; nasikat...'''....''If I &lt;u&gt;were&lt;/u&gt; a rich man.''.
:::::* If the subject is preceded by '''Van'''....''that/let/may'' or '''von'''....''don't'', then it is a HORTATIVE wish like '''Van et yagteju.'''....''May you live long.'' or a JUSSIVE suggestion like '''Van yat fyadilu.'''....''Let us pray.'' or a prohibition like '''Von tilu his!'''....''Don't drink this!''.

=== Voices ===

: Mirad has four voices: ACTIVE, PASSIVE, REFLEXIVE and RECIPROCAL.

::* '''Active Voice'''

::: The default voice is active, i.e. the subject of the verb is doing the action.

::* '''Passive Voice'''

::: A verb form is converted from active to passive by inserting a '''w''' just before the last vowel of the verb form.  The past passive particle ending '''awa''' can be reduced to '''wa''' (''done'' is '''xawa''' or '''xwa''') if the resultant combination of consonants is not to hard to pronounce.  

::: The following chart shows the distinction between active and passive voice of various verbs:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &quot;Contrasting Active and Passive Voice&quot;
! TENSE-MOOD !! ACTIVE !! ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;EXAMPLE !! PASSIVE !! PASSIVE&lt;br&gt;EXAMPLE
|-
| INFINITIVE || '''xer'''&lt;br&gt;''to do'' || '''At fe xer fi.'''&lt;br&gt;''I want to do well.'' || '''xwer'''&lt;br&gt;''to be done'' || '''Ese hyos xwer.'''&lt;br&gt;''There is nothing to be done.''
|-
| PRESENT PARTICIPLE || '''sexea'''&lt;br&gt;''constructing'' || '''Ha yansyem sexea hia tom...'''&lt;br&gt;''The firm constructing this building...''|| '''sexewa'''&lt;br&gt;''being constructed'' || '''His se sexewa.'''&lt;br&gt;''This is under construction.''
|-
| PRESENT || '''xe'''&lt;br&gt;''do/does'' ||'''At xe fi be tistam.'''&lt;br&gt;''I do well in school.'' || '''xwe'''&lt;br&gt;''is done'' || '''Huyenasi hoj xwe.'''&lt;br&gt;''Such things are never done.''
|-
| PAST PARTICIPLE || '''xaa'''&lt;br&gt;''having done'' || '''Iyt, xaa hya iyta yex,...'''&lt;br&gt;''She, having done all her work,...'' ||'''x(a)wa'''&lt;br&gt;''done'' || '''Hyas se xwa.'''&lt;br&gt;''Everything is done.''
|-
| PAST || '''tojba'''&lt;br&gt;''killed'' || '''Hot tojba hwut?'''&lt;br&gt;''Who killed that guy?'' || '''tojbwa'''&lt;br&gt;''was killed'' || '''Hoj it tojbwa?'''&lt;br&gt;''When was he killed?''
|-
| HYPOTHETICAL || '''bakxu'''&lt;br&gt;''heal''   || '''Bakxu at!'''&lt;br&gt;''Heal me!'' || '''bakxwu'''&lt;br&gt;''be healed'' || '''Van it bakxwu.'''&lt;br&gt;''May he be healed.''
|}

::: Sometimes, the passive voice is used to represent a medio-passive.  For example, '''ujwer'''....''to open'' is used medio-passively in the expression '''Ha mes ujwa.'''....''The door opened.'', because there is no overt subject, as if the ''door opened itself''. Many intransitive verbs cannot be made passive.  For example, '''tajer'''....''to be born'' is intransitive (takes no object) and has no passive voice form.  However, the verb '''tajber'''....''to bear, give birth'' can be passive, as in '''Ha tobot &lt;u&gt;tajbwa&lt;/u&gt; zajub.'''....''The child &lt;u&gt;was delivered&lt;/u&gt; yesterday'' (as opposed to '''Ha tobot &lt;u&gt;taja&lt;/u&gt; zajub.'''....''The child &lt;u&gt;was born&lt;/u&gt; yesterday.)''

::* '''Reflexive Voice''' 

::: A verb is made reflexive by prefixing the reflexive pronoun '''ut''' (''self''), for example:

::::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''uttojber'''....''to kill oneself''
::::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utvyilxer'''....''to wash up''
::::* '''teater'''....''to see'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utteater'''....''to see oneself''
::::* '''yalber'''....''to lift'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utyalber'''....''to lift oneself'' → '''Utyalbu!'''....''Lift yourself up!''
::::* '''treer'''....''to know'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''utter'''....''to know oneself'' → '''Uttyeu!'''....''Know thyself!''

::* '''Reciprocal Voice'''

::: A verb is made reciprocal by prefixing the reciprocal pronoun '''hyuit'''....''one another'', for example:

::::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''hyuittojber'''....''to kill one another''
::::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''hyuitvyilxer'''....''to wash one another''
::::* '''teater'''....''to see'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''hyuitteater'''....''to see one another''

::: Both the reflexive pronoun and reciprocal pronoun can be used as standalone objects.  However, the plural form '''yut''' is used if the subject is plural, for example:

::::* '''Yit vyilxa &lt;u&gt;uti&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They (f.) washed up. (= washed &lt;u&gt;selves&lt;/u&gt;).''
::::* '''Ha twobeti dizeuda &lt;u&gt;hyuit&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The boys laughed at &lt;u&gt;one another&lt;/u&gt;.''
::: The word '''hyuit''' is a portemanteau of '''hyit'''....''the same one'' combined with '''hyut'''....''the other one''.


=== Aspects Revisited ===

: Mirad verbs have the following aspects:

::* SIMPLE -- this is the default aspect, shown above, i.e. NON-PROGRESSIVE, NON-PERFECT, NON-IMMINENT, and NON-POTENTIAL.
::* PROGRESSIVE -- this is an aspect where the verb describes an on-going action or state spread over time.
::* PERFECT -- this presents the action or state as anterior, or completed prior to another action or state.
::* IMMINENT -- this describes an action or state ''about to happen.''
::* POTENTIAL -- this refers to an action or state where something is ''possible''.

==== The Simple Aspect ====

: The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Simple aspect.  In the active voice, the tense vowels '''a''', '''e''', '''o''', and '''u''' are affixed to the stem.  In the passive voice, the passive marker consonant '''w''' is inserted between the stem and the final tense vowels.  The simple present tense refers to actions or states that are habitual (''I regularly go to school.''), regular (''The earth revolves around the sun.''), or permanent (''Blue is a color.'').  The simple past refers to actions or states that occurred at a fixed point in time (''I did my homework last night.'').  The simple future refers to actions or states that will occur at some particular point in the future (''The sun will rise tomorrow at dawn.'').  The simple atemporal hypothetical ( = conditional) refers to an imagined action or state that has not be realized (''You would make a good president.'').

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Aspect
|-
! ASPECT !! TENSE !! MOOD !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE
|-
| SIMPLE || PRESENT || INDICATIVE || '''At x&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I do'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;we&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It is done''
|-
| SIMPLE || PAST || INDICATIVE || '''At x&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I did'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It was done''
|-
| SIMPLE || FUTURE || INDICATIVE || '''At x&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I will do'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;wo&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It will be done''
|-
| SIMPLE ||  || HYPOTHETICAL || '''At x&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I would do'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;wu&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It would be done''
|}

Note: Absence of tense (ATEMPORAL) + HYPOTHETICAL mood = CONDITIONAL


==== The Progressive Aspect ====

: The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Progressive aspect.  The present tense vowel '''e''' followed by a buffer consonant, are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel.  The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or  '''w''' in the passive voice.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Progressive Aspect
|-
! ASPECT !! TENSE !! MOOD !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE
|-
| PROGRESSIVE || PRESENT || INDICATIVE || '''at x&lt;u&gt;eye&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I am doing'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;ewe&lt;/u&gt;'''....''it is being done''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE || PAST || INDICATIVE || '''at x&lt;u&gt;eya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I was doing'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;ewa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''it was being done''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE || FUTURE || INDICATIVE || '''at x&lt;u&gt;eyo&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I am going to be doing'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;ewo&lt;/u&gt;'''....''it will be happening''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE || || HYPOTHETICAL || '''at x&lt;u&gt;eyu&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I would be doing'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;ewu&lt;/u&gt;'''....''it would be happening''
|}

==== The Perfect Aspect ====

: The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Perfect aspect.  The past tense vowel '''a''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel.  The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the  active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice.   

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Perfect Aspect
|-
! ASPECT !! TENSE !! MOOD !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE
|-
| PERFECT || PRESENT || INDICATIVE || '''At x&lt;u&gt;aye&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I have done'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;awe&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It has been done''
|-
| PERFECT || PAST || INDICATIVE || '''At x&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I had done'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;awa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It had been done''
|-
| PERFECT || FUTURE || INDICATIVE ||'''At x&lt;u&gt;ayo&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I will have done'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;awo&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It will have been done''
|-
| PERFECT || || HYPOTHETICAL || '''At x&lt;u&gt;ayu&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I would have done'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;awu&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It would have been done''
|}

==== The Imminent Aspect ====

: The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Imminent aspect.  The future tense vowel '''o''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel.  The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the  active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. Not that only indicative mood imminent tenses are ever used.  

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Imminent Aspect
|-
! ASPECT || TENSE !! MOOD !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE
|-
| IMMINENT || PRESENT || INDICATIVE || '''At x&lt;u&gt;oye&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I am about to do'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;owe&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It is about to be done''
|-
| IMMINENT || PAST || INDICATIVE || '''At x&lt;u&gt;oya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I was about to do'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;owa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It was about to be done''
|}

==== The Potential Aspect ====

: The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Potential aspect.  The hypothetical vowel '''u''' followed by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel.  The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the  active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. The future potential and hypothetical potential aspects are never used. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Potential Aspect
|-
! ASPECT !! TENSE !! MOOD !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE
|-
| POTENTIAL || PRESENT || INDICATIVE || '''At x&lt;u&gt;uye&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I am to do'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;uwe&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It is to be done, it is doable''
|-
| POTENTIAL || PAST || INDICATIVE || '''At x&lt;u&gt;uya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I was to do'' || '''Has x&lt;u&gt;uwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''It was to be done, it was doable''
|}

== Putting It All Together: The Mirad Verb Conjugation System ==

: The following chart presents the totality of the Mirad verb conjugation system using the verb '''xer'''....''to do'' and its passive '''xwer'''....''to be done, happen'':


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Verb Conjugation Chart
|-
! STATE !! MOOD !! ASPECT !! TENSE !! VOICE !! CONJUGATED FORM !! TRANSLATION
|-
| INFINITIVE ||  || SIMPLE || || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xer'''&lt;br&gt;'''xwer'''|| ''to do''&lt;br&gt;''to be done, to happen''
|-
| INFINITIVE ||  || PERFECT ||  || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xaer''' &lt;br&gt;'''xawer'''|| ''to have done''&lt;br&gt;''to have been done, to have happend''
|-
| PARTICIPLE || || PROGRESSIVE || || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xea''' &lt;br&gt;'''xewa'''||''doing''&lt;br&gt;''being done, happening''
|-
| PARTICIPLE ||  || PERFECT || || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xaya''' &lt;big&gt;∼&lt;/big&gt; '''xya''' &lt;br&gt;'''xawa''' &lt;big&gt;∼&lt;/big&gt; '''xwa'''||''having done''&lt;br&gt;''done, happened''
|-
| PARTICIPLE ||  || IMMINENT ||  || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xoa''' &lt;br&gt;'''xowa'''||''about to do''&lt;br&gt;''about to happen''
|-
| PARTICIPLE ||  || POTENTIAL || || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xua''' &lt;br&gt;'''xuwa'''||''bound to do''&lt;br&gt;''doable''
|-
| GERUND || ||  || || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xen''' &lt;br&gt;'''xwen''' ||''doing, deed''&lt;br&gt;''being done, happening, event''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || SIMPLE || PRESENT || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xe''' &lt;br&gt;'''xwe'''||''does''&lt;br&gt;''is done, happens''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || SIMPLE || PAST || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xa''' &lt;br&gt;'''xwa'''||''did''&lt;br&gt;''was done, happened''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || SIMPLE || FUTURE || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xo''' &lt;br&gt;'''xwo'''||''will do''&lt;br&gt;''will be done, will happen''
|-
| FINITE || HYPOTHETICAL&lt;br&gt;(CONDITIONAL / IMPERATIVE) || SIMPLE || || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xu''' &lt;br&gt;'''xwu'''||''would do, do!''&lt;br&gt;''would be done, would happen, be done!''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || PROGRESSIVE || PRESENT || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xeye'''&lt;br&gt;'''xewe'''||''is doing''&lt;br&gt;''is being done, is happening''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || PROGRESSIVE || PAST || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xeya''' &lt;br&gt;'''xewa'''||''was doing''&lt;br&gt;''was doing, was happening''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || PROGRESSIVE || FUTURE || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xeyo'''&lt;br&gt;'''xewo'''||''will be doing''&lt;br&gt;''will be happening''
|-
| FINITE || HYPOTHETICAL&lt;br&gt;(= CONDITIONAL) || PROGRESSIVE ||  || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xeyu''' &lt;br&gt;'''xewu'''||''would be doing''&lt;br&gt;''would be happening''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || PERFECT || PRESENT || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xaye''' &lt;br&gt;'''xawe''' ||''has done''&lt;br&gt;''has been done, has happened''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || PERFECT || PAST || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xaya''' &lt;br&gt;'''xawa'''||''had done''&lt;br&gt;''had been done, had happened''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE|| PERFECT || FUTURE || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xayo''' &lt;br&gt;'''xawo''' ||''will have done''&lt;br&gt;''will have been done, will have happened''
|-
| FINITE || HYPOTHETICAL&lt;br&gt;(= CONDITIONAL) || PERFECT || || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xayu''' &lt;br&gt;'''xawu'''||''would have done''&lt;br&gt;''would have been done, would have happened''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || IMMINENT || PRESENT || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xoye''' &lt;br&gt;'''xowe'''||''is about to do''&lt;br&gt;''is about to be done, is about to happen''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || IMMINENT || PAST || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xoya''' &lt;br&gt;'''xowa'''||''was to be done''&lt;br&gt;''was to be done, was to happen''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || POTENTIAL || PRESENT || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xuye''' &lt;br&gt;'''xuwe''' ||''is supposed to do''&lt;br&gt;''is supposed to happen''
|-
| FINITE || INDICATIVE || POTENTIAL || PAST || ACTIVE&lt;br&gt;PASSIVE || '''xuya''' &lt;br&gt;'''xuwa'''||''was supposed to do''&lt;br&gt;''was supposed to be done, was supposed to happen''
|}

:: Note:  Intransitive verbs such as '''per''' ''to go'' have no passive forms.  An expression such as ''They are gone.'' would be translated as '''Yit se paya''' or, more simply, '''Yit se pya.''', using the long or short forms of the perfect past active participle.

== Predicate Types ==

: Predicate types, i.e. '''''illocutions''''', refer to how the verb, predicate, clause, or sentence is expressed,  There are four predicate types in Mirad:

::* Declarative
::* Interrogative
::* Negative
::* Affirmative

: These types can be combined, such as &quot;negative interrogative&quot; or &quot;affirmative declarative&quot;, etc.

: A simple, non-negative statement is affirmative declarative, such as '''Ha meir yuzpe ha maar.'''....''The earth goes around the sun.''

: The following sections discuss non-declarative and non-affirmative predicate types.


=== Making Predicates Interrogative ===

: To make a declarative predicate or sentence into a question, simply begin it with the Yes/No Question Introducer '''Duven'''....''Say whether.../Is it true that...?'' or any other interrogative pronoun or adverb such as '''Hos?'''....''What?'', '''Duhat?'''....''Who(m)?'', or '''Duham?'''....''where?''.  Note that the '''Du''' in '''Duven''' means ''Say.../ Tell me...'', so '''Duven...?''' really is a command meaning ''Say whether...''.  The word '''ven''' without the '''du''' is a conditional complementizer and just means ''if'' or ''whether''.  The part of the sentence after '''Duven''' is a simple declarative statement in the normal word order.  The same is true for the words following other interrogative words, such as '''Duhas?'''....''What?'' and '''Duham?'''....''Where?''.  In other words, there is no inversion of word order in questions as there often is in English, Spanish, and many other languages. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Making Predicates Interrogative
|-
! DECLARATIVE !! INTERROGATIVE
|-
| '''Et se tadxwa.'''....''You are married.'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; et se tadxwa?'''....''Are you married? (= &lt;u&gt;Say whether&lt;/u&gt; you are married.)''
|-
| '''Ha mari se manika.'''....''The stars are bright.'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; ha mari se manika?'''....''Are the stars bright? (= &lt;u&gt;Say whether&lt;/u&gt; the stars are bright.)''
|-
| '''Hut aka.'''....''That guy won.'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; aka?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; won?''
|- 
| '''Iyt aka glas.'''....''She won a lot.'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaglas&lt;/u&gt; iyt aka?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How much&lt;/u&gt; did she win?''
|-
| '''It paye.'''....''He has gone.'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; it paye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; has he gone?''
|}

: Note that the question words introduce the sentence and do not alter the word order as seen in the declarative.  Also, a declarative sentence can be made interrogative simply by adding a question mark at the end in writing or raising the voice inflection at the end in speaking, eg:

::* '''Et tambese ha yubem?'''....''You live in the neighborhood?''

: The yes-no tag '''vao''' can be placed at the end of a declaration to make it a question, eg.:

::* '''Et tambese ha yubem, &lt;u&gt;vao&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You live in the neighborhood, &lt;u&gt;right&lt;/u&gt;?''

: Yes/no questions such as the above and those introduced with '''Duven''' usually are answered with '''va'''....''yes'', '''ve'''....''maybe'', or '''vo'''....''no'' or their equivalents.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &quot;Yes-or-no Questions&quot;
|-
! YES-NO QUESTION !! ANSWER
|-
|'''Duven eta dyun se John?'''....''Is your name John?'' || '''Vo, se Bill.'''....''No, it's Bill.''
|-
|'''Duven eta apet aka?'''....''Did your horse win?'' || '''Va.  Atas vay aka.'''....''Yes.  Mine won indeed.''
|-
| '''Duven et texe van ha maalyen gafiso hijub?'''....''Do you think the weather will improve today?'' || '''Ve.'''....''Maybe.''
|-
| '''Fe per bay at?'''....''Wanna go with me?'' || '''Vey zajub.'''....''Maybe tomorrow.''
|-
| '''Et tadso, vao?'''....''You're going to get married, right?'' || '''Vey va, vey vo.'''....''Maybe yes, maybe no.''
|}

=== Affirming/ Doubting / Negating Declarations  ===

: The following set of interjections and adverbs can be used to affirm, cast doubt on, or negate declarations:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Affirming, Doubting, Negative Declarations
|-
! &amp;nbsp; !! INTERJECTION !! ADVERB !! PROPOSITION
|-
| AFFIRMATIVE || '''va'''....''yes'' || '''vay'''....''indeed, really'' || '''Va. At &lt;u&gt;vay&lt;/u&gt; yantexe'''....''Yes, I &lt;u&gt;indeed/do/really&lt;/u&gt; agree.''
|-
| DUBITATIVE || '''ve'''....''maybe, perhaps'' || '''vey'''....''possibly, may...'' || '''Ve. At &lt;u&gt;vey&lt;/u&gt; po.'''....''Maybe. I &lt;u&gt;may/possibly will&lt;/u&gt; go.''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''vo'''....''no'' || '''voy'''....''not'' || '''Vo.  At &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; su iva.'''....''No.  I would &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; be happy.''
|}

=== Mixing Them Up ===

: The above interrogative words and the words of affirmation / doubt / negation can be used in various combinations, for example:

::* '''Duven et &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; se tadxwa?'''....''Are&lt;u&gt;n't&lt;/u&gt; you married?'' 
::* '''Duhasav iyt se &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; tadxwa?'''....''Why is&lt;u&gt;n't&lt;/u&gt; she married?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Vey voy&lt;/u&gt; mamilo.'''....''It &lt;u&gt;may not&lt;/u&gt; rain.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;vay voy&lt;/u&gt; tadso iyt.'''....''I will &lt;u&gt;certainly not&lt;/u&gt; marry her.''
::* '''Et peyo, &lt;u&gt;vao&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You will go, &lt;u&gt;right&lt;/u&gt;?''
::* '''Vo. Hus &lt;u&gt;vey vay&lt;/u&gt; se vyoa.'''....''No.  That &lt;u&gt;may indeed&lt;/u&gt; be wrong.''
::* '''Et te ha dud, &lt;u&gt;vao&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You know the answer, don't you?'' (=''&lt;u&gt;right&lt;/u&gt;?'')

: Note that the particles of affirmation/doubt/negation usually precede the verb, but can just as easily follow it.

::* '''At &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; te.''' ....''I do&lt;u&gt;n't&lt;/u&gt; know.''
::* '''At te &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt;.''' ....''I don't know. [Lit: I know &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt;.]''

: Note that '''vao?''' is a particle meaning ''yes or no?, right?, n'est-ce pas?''

== Imperative and Hortative Expressions ==

: An '''''imperative''''' expression is a command.  In Mirad, a verb in the tenseless hypothetical mood ending in '''-u''' without a subject is assumed to an imperative referring implicitly to ''you''.  For example:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ipu&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Go away&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Tiju&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wake up&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Su&lt;/u&gt; fiat&amp;nbsp;!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Be&lt;/u&gt; a good person!''

: '''''Hortative''''' expressions, i.e. urging or wishing expressions like ''Let's go.'' or ''May he win.'', use the hypothetical form of the verb with the clause introduced by the positive complementizer '''van'''....''that, may, let''.  In Arabic and some other languages, this is called the '''''jussive''''' mood.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Van&lt;/u&gt; yat fadilu.'''....''Let's pray.'' (Lit: ''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; we would pray.'')
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Van&lt;/u&gt; weti aku hia ifek.'''....''&lt;u&gt;May&lt;/u&gt; you guys win this game.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Van&lt;/u&gt; ha edeb yagteju.'''....''Long live the king.'' (Lit. ''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; the king would long-live.'')

: The negative version of imperative and hortative expressions is introduced with the negative complementizer '''von'''....''don't, lest, let&amp;apos;s not''.  If there is no subject pronoun, ''you'' is understood.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Von&lt;/u&gt; (et) dalu at huyen.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Don't&lt;/u&gt; (you) speak to me that way.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Von&lt;/u&gt; yit oku.'''....''&lt;u&gt;May&lt;/u&gt; they &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; lose.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Von&lt;/u&gt; yat toxu it.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Let's not&lt;/u&gt; forget him.''

=== Complementizers ===

: '''Van''', '''ven''', and '''von''' are part of a whole system of complementizers:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Complementizers
|-
! TYPE !! COMPLEMENTIZERS !! MEANING !! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;EXAMPLE !! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;EQUIVALENT
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duven...?''' || ''Is it true that...?&lt;br&gt;Tell (me) whether...&lt;br&gt;(yes/no question introducer)'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; eta dyun se John?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Is (it true that)&lt;/u&gt; your name is John?''
|-
| CONDITIONAL || '''ven''' || ''if, whether'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Ven&lt;/u&gt; et te, du has.'''&lt;br&gt;'''At utdide &lt;u&gt;ven&lt;/u&gt; it upo.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;If&lt;/u&gt; you know, say so.''&lt;br&gt;''I wonder &lt;u&gt;whether&lt;/u&gt; he'll come.''
|-
| ANTI-CONDITIONAL ||'''oven''' || ''unless'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Oven&lt;/u&gt; et yexe, et voy ako.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Unless&lt;/u&gt; you work, you will not win.''
|-
| POSITIVE/HORTATIVE || '''van''' || ''that, so that, let, may'' || '''At ta &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; it upo.'''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Van&lt;/u&gt; yat dilo.'''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Van&lt;/u&gt; et su iva.'''&lt;br&gt;'''At xa has &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; et fitexu at.''' || ''I knew (&lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt;) he would come.''&lt;br&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Let&lt;/u&gt;'s pray.''&lt;br&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Let&lt;/u&gt; you be happy.''&lt;br&gt;''I did it &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; you'd think well of me.''
|-
| NEGATIVE/PROHIBITIVE ||'''von''' || ''Don't, let...not, lest'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Von&lt;/u&gt; teaxu at.'''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Von&lt;/u&gt; yat su uva.'''&lt;br&gt;'''At pio &lt;u&gt;von&lt;/u&gt; et futipsu.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Don't&lt;/u&gt; look at me.''&lt;br&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Let's not&lt;/u&gt; be sad.''&lt;br&gt;''I will leave &lt;u&gt;lest&lt;/u&gt; you get angry.''
|-
| RELATIVE || '''hu''' || ''who, whom, that, which'' || '''Ha toybi &lt;u&gt;hu&lt;/u&gt; ifaye et...'''&lt;br&gt;'''Ha toyb &lt;u&gt;hu&lt;/u&gt; et ife.'''&lt;br&gt;'''Koxon &lt;u&gt;hu&lt;/u&gt; at yofe lonyafxer.''' || ''The women &lt;u&gt;who&lt;/u&gt; have loved you.''&lt;br&gt;''The woman (&lt;u&gt;whom&lt;/u&gt;) you love.''&lt;br&gt;''A problem (&lt;u&gt;that/which)&lt;/u&gt; I cannot solve.''
|}

== Subjunctive Clauses ==
: The hypothetical mood is also used in subjunctive clauses.  A subjunctive clause is one in which an action or state is desired, requested, required, or wanted in some other way by the actor in the main clause.  Positive subjunctive clauses are introduced with the positive complementizer '''van'''....''that, let's, so that''.  Here are some examples:

::* '''Ha edweb dira van at &lt;u&gt;tyoibu&lt;/u&gt; za it.'''....''The king demanded that I &lt;u&gt;kneel&lt;/u&gt; before him.''
::* '''Se igefwa van et &lt;u&gt;upu&lt;/u&gt; gwa ig.'''....''It is urgent that you &lt;u&gt;come&lt;/u&gt; as soon as possible.''
::* '''Durwa van hyat &lt;u&gt;dolu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It was ordered that everyone &lt;u&gt;be silent&lt;/u&gt;.''

: A negative subjunctive clause is introduced with the negative complementizer '''von'''....''don't, lest''.

::* '''Biksu &lt;u&gt;von et pyosu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Be careful &lt;u&gt;lest you fall / that you not fall&lt;/u&gt;.''
 
: The conditional complementizer '''ven'''....''if, whether'' can introduce a clause in the subjunctive, indicating an unreal condition, as in the following examples:

::* '''At sexu tam &lt;u&gt;ven at su&lt;/u&gt; nasika.'''....''I would build a house &lt;u&gt;if I were (= would be)&lt;/u&gt; rich.''
::* '''Duhas et xu &lt;u&gt;ven et beu&lt;/u&gt; ga nas?'''....''What would you do &lt;u&gt;if you had (= would have)&lt;/u&gt; more money?'' 
 
: Many of the above sentences could be rephrased with an infinitive in order to avoid the subjunctive:

::* '''Ha edweb dira at &lt;u&gt;tyoiber&lt;/u&gt; za it.'''....''The king demanded me to &lt;u&gt;kneel&lt;/u&gt; before him.''
::* '''Se igefwa av et &lt;u&gt;uper&lt;/u&gt; gwa ig.'''....''It is urgent for you &lt;u&gt;to come&lt;/u&gt; as soon as possible.''
::* '''Hyat durwa &lt;u&gt;doler&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Everyone was ordered &lt;u&gt;to be silent&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Biksu voy &lt;u&gt;pyoser&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Be careful not &lt;u&gt;to fall&lt;/u&gt;.''

== If-Then Conditional Clauses ==
: A conditional clause is introduced with the conditional complementizer '''ven'''....''if, whether''.  The if-clause can be a real tense or a hypothetical.  If the if-clause is hypothetical, the then-clause is also hypothetical.  Here are the possible variations:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ If-then Conditional Clauses
|-
! IF-CLAUSE !! THEN-CLAUSE
|-
! PRESENT INDICATIVE !! PRESENT INDICATIVE
|-
| '''Ven ot yexe gla,'''&lt;br&gt;''If one works hard,'' || '''ot akxe.'''&lt;br&gt;''one succeeds.''
|-
! PAST INDICATIVE !! PAST INDICATIVE
|-
| '''Ven et ta,'''&lt;br&gt;''If you knew,'' || '''et dola.'''&lt;br&gt;''you kept quiet.''
|-
! FUTURE INDICATIVE!! FUTURE INDICATIVE
|-
| '''Ven et pio,'''&lt;br&gt;''If you leave,'' || '''at so uva.'''&lt;br&gt;''I will be sad.''
|-
! PRESENT HYPOTHETICAL !! PRESENT HYPOTHETICAL
|-
| '''Ven at su nyaza,'''&lt;br&gt;''If I were rich,''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''Ven et teetu,'''&lt;br&gt;''If you would listen,'' || '''at nuxbiu aga tam.'''&lt;br&gt;''I would buy a new house.''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''et testu.'''&lt;br&gt;''you would understand.''
|-
! PAST HYPOTHETICAL !! PAST HYPOTHETICAL
|-
| '''Ven at tayu,'''&lt;br&gt;''If I had known,'' || '''at dudayu hyuyen.'''&lt;br&gt;''I would have responded differently.''
|}
: Note that in English, when the then-clause is future tense, the if-clause is present; This is not the case in Mirad, where both clauses are in the future.  In Mirad, the formula is &quot;If you WILL leave, I WILL be sad.&quot;  In English, the formula &quot;I didn't know whether he WOULD x&quot; is translated in Mirad as &quot;I didn't know whether he WILL x.&quot;

== If/Whether Subordinate Clauses ==
: Here are some examples of sentences where the main clause contains some verb of ''knowing, questioning, wondering, guessing'' followed by a subordinate clause introduced by the conditional complementizer '''ven'''....''whether / if''.  Note that the tenses in Mirad are somewhat different in that there is no relative shifting of time as in English.
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ If-whether Subordinate Clauses
|-
! MAIN CLAUSE !! IF / WHETHER SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
|-
! PRESENT INDICATIVE !! PRESENT INDICATIVE
|-
| '''At utdide'''&lt;br&gt;''I wonder'' || '''ven it te ha vyan.'''&lt;br&gt;''if / whether he knows the truth.''
|-
! PRESENT INDICATIVE !! PAST INDICATIVE
|-
| '''At voy te'''&lt;br&gt;''I don't know'' || '''ven yit aka ey oka.'''&lt;br&gt;''if / whether they won or lost.''
|-
! PRESENT INDICATIVE !! FUTURE INDICATIVE
|-
| '''At voy te'''&lt;br&gt;''I don't know'' || '''ven et ujako.'''&lt;br&gt;''if / whether you will succeed.''
|-
! PRESENT INDICATIVE !! PRESENT HYPOTHETICAL
|-
| '''At utdide'''&lt;br&gt;''I wonder'' || '''ven et yantexu.'''&lt;br&gt;''if / whether you would agree.''
|-
! PAST INDICATIVE!! PRESENT INDICATIVE
|-
| '''At voy ta'''&lt;br&gt;''I didn't know''|| '''ven wit se taduwa.'''&lt;br&gt;''if / whether he was [Mirad: is] married.''
|-
! PAST INDICATIVE!! PAST INDICATIVE
|-
| '''At dida'''&lt;br&gt;''I asked''|| '''ven iyt teata hia dezun.'''&lt;br&gt;''if / whether she had seen [Mirad: saw] this play.''
|-
! PAST INDICATIVE!! FUTURE INDICATIVE
|-
| '''At voy ta'''&lt;br&gt;''I didn't know''|| '''ven it upo'''&lt;br&gt;''if / whether he would [Mirad: will] come.''
|-
! PAST INDICATIVE !! PRESENT HYPOTHETICAL
|-
| '''At dida'''&lt;br&gt;''I asked'' || '''ven it fu per bay at.'''&lt;br&gt;''if / whether he might like to go with me.''
|-
! PAST INDICATIVE !! PAST HYPOTHETICAL
|-
| '''At dida'''&lt;br&gt;''I asked'' || '''ven it fayu per bay at.'''&lt;br&gt;''if / whether he might have liked to go with me.''
|}

: The negative conditional complementizer '''oven'''....''unless'' is used in main-subordinate clause structures in the same way as the above.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Negative Conditional Complementizer
|-
! MAIN CLAUSE !! IF / WHETHER SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
|-
! PRESENT INDICATIVE !! PRESENT INDICATIVE
|-
| '''Ot voy ujake'''&lt;br&gt;''One does not succeed'' || '''oven ot yexe jestay.'''&lt;br&gt;''unless one works hard.''
|-
! FUTURE INDICATIVE !! PRESENT INDICATIVE
|-
| '''Et voy teato at'''&lt;br&gt;''You won't see me'' || '''oven et upo.'''&lt;br&gt;''unless you come (= will come).''
|}

== Relative Clauses ==
: '''''Relative clauses''''' are of two types:
::* '''''Bound relative clauses''''' qualify an explicit element (usually a noun or phrase) appearing in the main clause, and refer back to that element by means of the relative complementizer '''hu''', and:
::* '''''Free relative clauses''''', which do not have an explicit antecedent external to themselves. Instead, the relative clause itself takes the place of an argument in the matrix clause. For example, in the English sentence ''I like &lt;u&gt;what&lt;/u&gt; I see'', the clause ''what I see'' is a free relative clause, because it has no antecedent, but itself serves as the object of the verb like in the main clause. (An alternative analysis is that the free relative clause has zero as its antecedent.) In Mirad, deictic pronouns or adverbs followed by the relative complementizer '''hu''', as shown in the chart below, are used to introduce the free relative clause.

=== Bound Relative Clauses ===
: The invariable relative complementizer '''hu''' is used to introduce a bound relative clause and refer back to an element in the main clause.  Here are some examples:

::* '''Ha tob, &lt;u&gt;hu tadsa&lt;/u&gt; ja ewa jabi, ayse awa tobot.'''....''The man, &lt;u&gt;who got married&lt;/u&gt; two years ago, has one child.''
::* '''Ha toyb &lt;u&gt;hu ake&lt;/u&gt; ibe aga nazun.'''....''The woman &lt;u&gt;who wins&lt;/u&gt; receives a big prize.''
::* '''Hia pati &lt;u&gt;hu at pixa&lt;/u&gt; magelwo himaj.'''....''These birds &lt;u&gt;(that/which) I caught&lt;/u&gt; will be cooked this evening.''
::* '''Biu hyea jotul &lt;u&gt;hu et fu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Take any dessert &lt;u&gt;(that) you'd like&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ha apet &lt;u&gt;hu at bua it ha afeb&lt;/u&gt; apeda bay if.'''....''The horse &lt;u&gt;I gave the apple to&lt;/u&gt; neighed with pleasure.'' (= ''...that I gave him the apple...'')
::* '''Iyt trua at bu ha yexeb &lt;u&gt;hu iyt yexaya oyb it ji gla jabi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She introduced me to the boss &lt;u&gt;under whom she had worked for many years&lt;/u&gt;.'' (Lit: ''...that she had worked under him...'')

: Note that in cases where the relative clause ends in a preposition governing the man clause antecedent, a pronoun is added agreeing in gender, number, and animacy with the main clause antecedent.  This type of construction occurs in the last two example sentences above.  So, the English relative clause ''for whom I sang'' would be expressed in Mirad as ''that I sang for her/him/it/them'' depending on the gender, number, and animacy of the antecedent in the main clause.

::* '''Ha toybi &lt;u&gt;hu at deuza av yiyt&lt;/u&gt; fida ata yafi.'''....''The ladies &lt;u&gt;for whom I sang&lt;/u&gt; (= that I sang for them) praised my abilities.''

: Bound relative clauses beginning with ''whose'' are expressed in Mirad as ''hu ita/yita'' (= ''that his/her/their/their''), depending on the gender and number of the explicit antecedent in the main clause.

::* '''Ha ekuyt &lt;u&gt;hu iyta&lt;/u&gt; tyoyab yonpyexwa yofa eker hijeb.'''....''The female player &lt;u&gt;whose foot&lt;/u&gt; (= that her foot) was broken was unable to play this season.''
::* '''Ata yubati, &lt;u&gt;hu yita&lt;/u&gt; tam se jay ga aga vyel yatas, agaxa yita puram gajod.'''....''Our neighbors, &lt;u&gt;whose (= that their)&lt;/u&gt; house is already bigger than ours, enlarged their garage again.''

: If no preposition governing the antecedent is involved, but the relative clause takes the place of an objective case element, supplying a pronoun referring back to the antecedent noun, is optional:

::* '''Ha dyesi &lt;u&gt;hu at dyeda (hasi)&lt;/u&gt; zamaj sa hyasi fia.'''....''The books I read (= them) last evening were all good.''

=== Free Relative Clauses ===
: Free relative clauses are introduced by a deictic pronoun or adverb followed by the relative complementizer '''hu''' as shown in the charts below.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Free Relative Clauses
|- valign=top
! RELATIVE PRONOUNS !! MIRAD....ENGLISH !! EXAMPLE
|-
| THING(S) || '''has hu'''....''what/that which/the thing that''&lt;br&gt;'''hasi hu'''....''what/those which/the things that''&lt;br&gt;'''hyes hu'''....''whatever/anything that''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesi hu'''....''whatever/anything that/any things that''&lt;br&gt;'''hyas hu'''....''everything that/all that''&lt;br&gt;'''hyasi hu'''....''all (things) that''&lt;br&gt;'''hyos hu'''....''nothing (that)''&lt;br&gt;'''hyosi hu'''....''none of the things (that)''&lt;br&gt;'''haas hu'''....''which one''&lt;br&gt;'''haasi hu'''....''which ones''|| '''&lt;u&gt;Has hu&lt;/u&gt; at da se vyaa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; I said is true.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hasi hu&lt;/u&gt; it xa futipxa at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;What/the things&lt;/u&gt; he did angered me.''&lt;br&gt;'''At xo &lt;u&gt;hyes hu&lt;/u&gt; et do.'''....''I will do &lt;u&gt;whatever/anything&lt;/u&gt; you say.''&lt;br&gt;'''Et voy teeta &lt;u&gt;hyesi hu&lt;/u&gt; at deuza.'''....''You didn't hear &lt;u&gt;any of the things&lt;/u&gt; I sang.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyas hu&lt;/u&gt; at fe se poos.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All&lt;/u&gt; I want is peace.''&lt;br&gt;'''At akxa &lt;u&gt;hyusi hu&lt;/u&gt; at fa.'''....''I achieved &lt;u&gt;all the things&lt;/u&gt; I wanted.''&lt;br&gt;'''At testa &lt;u&gt;hyos hu&lt;/u&gt; et da.'''....''I understood &lt;u&gt;nothing&lt;/u&gt; you said.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyosi hu&lt;/u&gt; et iyfe ifue at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;None of the things&lt;/u&gt; you like appeal to me.''&lt;br&gt;'''At te voy &lt;u&gt;haas hu&lt;/u&gt; at gwafe.'''....''I don't know &lt;u&gt;which one&lt;/u&gt; I like best.''&lt;br&gt;'''At te &lt;u&gt;haasi hu&lt;/u&gt; at gwofe.'''....''I know &lt;u&gt;which ones&lt;/u&gt; I like least.''
|-
| PERSON(S) || '''hat hu'''....''who//the person (who)''&lt;br&gt;'''hati hu'''....''the ones who''&lt;br&gt;'''hyet hu'''....''whoever/anybody who/that''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeti hu'''....''whoever/any people that/who''&lt;br&gt;'''hyat hu'''....''everyone that/everybody who''&lt;br&gt;'''hyati hu'''....''all those who''&lt;br&gt;'''hyot hu'''....''nobody (that/who)''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoti hu'''....''no ones (that/who)''&lt;br&gt;'''hata hu'''....''whose''&lt;br&gt;'''haat hu'''....''which one''&lt;br&gt;'''haati hu'''....''which ones''|| '''&lt;u&gt;Hat hu&lt;/u&gt; et teata pia.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; you saw left.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hati hu&lt;/u&gt; at tye yantexe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Those (people)&lt;/u&gt; I know agree.''&lt;br&gt;'''At teapo &lt;u&gt;hyet hu&lt;/u&gt; at fe.'''....''I will visit &lt;u&gt;whomever&lt;/u&gt; I wish.''&lt;br&gt;'''Et voy teata &lt;u&gt;hyeti hu&lt;/u&gt; at teata.'''....''You didn't see &lt;u&gt;any of the ones&lt;/u&gt; I saw.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyat hu&lt;/u&gt; at ijtyea sa  fiyena.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everyone&lt;/u&gt; I met was nice.''&lt;br&gt;'''At fida &lt;u&gt;hyati hu&lt;/u&gt; at yeyfa.'''....''I praised &lt;u&gt;all the people&lt;/u&gt; I was supposed to.''&lt;br&gt;'''At testa &lt;u&gt;hyot hu&lt;/u&gt; at teeta.'''....''I understood &lt;u&gt;nobody&lt;/u&gt; I heard.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hati hu&lt;/u&gt; et ijtyaxa sa fuyena.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The ones&lt;/u&gt; you introduced were ill-mannered.''&lt;br&gt;'''At te voy &lt;u&gt;hata hu&lt;/u&gt; ifpot his se.'''....''I don't know &lt;u&gt;whose&lt;/u&gt; pet this is.''&lt;br&gt;'''At te voy &lt;u&gt;haat hu&lt;/u&gt; at gwafe.'''....''I don't know &lt;u&gt;which one (person)&lt;/u&gt; I like best.''&lt;br&gt;'''At te &lt;u&gt;haati hu&lt;/u&gt; at gwofe.'''....''I know &lt;u&gt;which ones (people)&lt;/u&gt; I like least.''
|-
|-
! RELATIVE ADVERBS !! MIRAD ADVERB....ENGLISH ADVERB !! EXAMPLE
|-
| PLACE || '''ham hu'''....''where''&lt;br&gt;'''hyem hu'''....''wherever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyam hu'''....''everywhere''&lt;br&gt;'''hu....bi ham'''....''from where, whence''&lt;br&gt;'''hu....bu ham'''....''to where, whither'' || '''Yat tambese &lt;u&gt;ham hu&lt;/u&gt; ha maalyen se yugra.'''....''We live &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; the weather is mild.''&lt;br&gt;'''At fu per &lt;u&gt;hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et po.'''....''I'd like to go &lt;u&gt;wherever&lt;/u&gt; you go.'' &lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyam hu&lt;/u&gt; et pe, su bikaya.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Everywhere&lt;/u&gt; you go, be careful.''&lt;br&gt;'''Ha dom &lt;u&gt;hu&lt;/u&gt; at upe &lt;u&gt;bi ham&lt;/u&gt; se gla oga.'''....''The town &lt;u&gt;from where&lt;/u&gt; I come (Lit: that I come from it) is very small.''&lt;br&gt;'''Ha memi &lt;u&gt;hu&lt;/u&gt; at popeyo &lt;u&gt;hami&lt;/u&gt; se gle jiba.'''....''The countries &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; I am going to be traveling are quite distant.''
|-
| TIME || '''haj hu'''....''when''&lt;br&gt;'''hyej hu'''....''whenever''&lt;br&gt;'''hyaj hu'''....''everywhere'' ||'''Du at &lt;u&gt;haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et puo.'''....''Tell me &lt;u&gt;when&lt;/u&gt; you arrive.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyej hu&lt;/u&gt; iyt se iva, iyt deuze.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whenever/anytime&lt;/u&gt; she is happy, she sings.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyaj hu&lt;/u&gt; at yabteaxe, et yobteaxe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Every time&lt;/u&gt; I look up, you look down.'' 
|-
| MANNER/KIND || '''hayen hu'''....''how, in what way, as''&lt;br&gt;'''hyeyen hu'''....''however, in any way, in whatever manner''&lt;br&gt;'''hyiyen hu'''....''just as, the same way as'' || '''At utdide &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; it xa hus.'''....''I wonder &lt;u&gt;how&lt;/u&gt; he did it.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyeyen hu&lt;/u&gt; xwa se kos.'''....''&lt;u&gt;However&lt;/u&gt; it happened is a mystery.''&lt;br&gt;'''Xu has &lt;u&gt;hyiyen hu&lt;/u&gt; at xe has.'''....''Do it &lt;u&gt;the same way as&lt;/u&gt; I do it.''
|-
| DEGREE || '''hagla hu'''....''how, to what extent''&lt;br&gt;'''hyigla hu'''....''as, to the same degree as'' || '''Et hyoj to &lt;u&gt;hagla hu&lt;/u&gt; iva at se.'''....''You'll never know &lt;u&gt;how&lt;/u&gt; happy I am.''&lt;br&gt;'''At yofe poper &lt;u&gt;hyigla (~ge) yib hu&lt;/u&gt; et yafe.'''....''I cannot travel &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; far as you can.''
|-
| QUANTITY || '''hagla hu'''....''how much, how many''&lt;br&gt;'''hyegla hu'''....''however much, however many''&lt;br&gt;'''hyigla hu'''....''as much/many as'' || '''Duven et te &lt;u&gt;hagla &lt;/u&gt; nas &lt;u&gt;hu&lt;/u&gt; it ayse?'''....''Do you know &lt;u&gt;how much&lt;/u&gt; money he has?''&lt;br&gt;'''Yet dida yat &lt;u&gt;hyegla &lt;/u&gt; tami &lt;u&gt;hu&lt;/u&gt; yat sexa.'''....''You guys asked us &lt;u&gt;however many&lt;/u&gt; houses we built.''&lt;br&gt;'''Et nixo &lt;u&gt;hyigla (~ ge)&lt;/u&gt; nas &lt;u&gt;hu&lt;/u&gt; at xe.'''....''You will earn &lt;u&gt;as much&lt;/u&gt; money as I do.''
|-
| REASON || '''hasav hu'''....''why, for what reason''&lt;br&gt;'''hyesav hu'''....''why ever, for whatever reason'' || '''Duven et te &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it xa hus.'''....''Do you know &lt;u&gt;why&lt;/u&gt; he did that?''&lt;br&gt;'''Yat voy teste &lt;u&gt;hyesav hu&lt;/u&gt; et xu hus.'''....''We don't understand &lt;u&gt;why ever&lt;/u&gt; you'd do that.''
|}
 
: If the relative clause is restrictive (i.e. it cannot be omitted without violating the meaning of the sentence), then no commas are used, but if it is non-restrictive (i.e. it provides new information that can be omitted), then it is surrounded by commas, just as in English.

::* RESTRICTIVE: '''Ha mar &lt;u&gt;hu yata mer yuzpe&lt;/u&gt; dyunwe ha maar.'''....''The star &lt;u&gt;that our planet goes around&lt;/u&gt; is called the sun.''
::* NON-RESTRICTIVE: '''Ha maar, &lt;u&gt;hu yata mer yuzpe&lt;/u&gt;, se vay haway hea mar.'''....''The sun, &lt;u&gt;which our planet goes around&lt;/u&gt;, is really only a (= some) star.''

== Indirect and Direct Discourse ==

: As in English, Mirad has both indirect discourse and direct discourse.  Indirect discourse is when you know or say ''that something happened'', whereas direct discourse is when you directly quote what someone has said.


=== Indirect Discourse ===

: Sentences that have a main clause of communication or knowledge, followed by a subordinate clause with an indirect indication of what was said or known, use the positive complementizer '''van''' (''that, the fact that'') to introduce the subordinate clause.  The tense in the subordinate clause is a true tense, not a relative tense.  Unlike in English, where the ''that'' can often be omitted, the Mirad '''van''' complementizer can never be omitted.

::* '''At ta &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; et upo.'''....''I knew &lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt; you would (= will) come.''
::* '''Ata ted da &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; it yexe hya ita tej gel fufut.'''....''My father said &lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt; he had worked (= he worked) all his life as a plumber.''
::* '''Se vyaa &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; at gra tele.'''....''It is true &lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt; I eat too much.''
::* '''At jada &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; et puo jwa.'''....''I predicted &lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt; you would (= you will) arrive early.''

: The conditional complementizer '''ven'''....''if, whether'' and the negative complementizer '''von'''....''lest, don't, that...not'' are discussed in later sections.


=== Direct Discourse ===

: Direct discourse works as in English, except that a colon (:) is used instead of a comma.  Double quotes are used to surround the directly quoted part of the sentence.

::* '''Iyt da: &quot;At voy fe per.&quot;'''....''She said, &quot;I don't want to go.&quot;''
::* '''At dida it: &quot;Duhat so eta aadezut?&quot;.'''....''I asked him, &quot;Who will be your lead actor?&quot;''

== Transitivity ==

: Verbs can be transitive, intransitive, or reflexive.  Verbs in the passive voice are by nature intransitive.


=== Transitive and Intransitive Verbs ===

: Transitive verbs can take a direct object and oppose themselves to intransitive verbs, which do not take a direct object.  Some verbs are marked overtly for transitivity.

: Verbs that end in '''xer''' (''to do, -ify, -ize'') are by nature transitive, and often have intransitive counterparts in '''ser''' (''to be, become, -ify, -ize'').  Likewise, verbs ending in '''ber''' (''to put, take'') are transitive and have intransitive counterparts in '''per''' (''to go'').  Here are some examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Transitive vs. Intransitive
|-
!  TRANSITIVE !! INTRANSITIVE
|-
| '''xer'''....''do'' || '''ser'''....''be''
|-
| '''agxer'''....''grow (something)'' || '''agser'''....''grow (up)''
|-
| '''amxer'''....''heat, make hot'' || '''amser'''....''become hot, heat up''
|-
| '''puxer'''....''throw'' || '''puser'''....''jump''
|-
| '''per'''....''go'' || '''ber'''....''put''
|-
| '''aber'''....''put on'' || '''aper'''....''get on''
|-
| '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''poxer'''....''stop (something)'' || '''poser'''....''(come to a) stop''
|-
| '''yuber'''....''bring'' || '''yuper'''....''approach''
|-
| '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter''
|}

::* '''At &lt;u&gt;agxe&lt;/u&gt; vobi.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;grow&lt;/u&gt; [TRANSITIVE] plants.''
::* '''Ha vobi &lt;u&gt;agseye&lt;/u&gt; ig.'''....''The plants &lt;u&gt;are growing&lt;/u&gt; [INTRANSITIVE] fast.''

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Poxu&lt;/u&gt; ha pur!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Stop&lt;/u&gt; [TRANSITIVE] the car!''
::* '''Ha pur &lt;u&gt;posa&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The car &lt;u&gt;stopped&lt;/u&gt; [INTRANSITIVE].''

::* '''At &lt;u&gt;yaba&lt;/u&gt; ha mis.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;raised&lt;/u&gt; [TRANSITIVE] the window.''
::* '''Ha maar &lt;u&gt;yapaye&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The sun &lt;u&gt;has risen&lt;/u&gt; [INTRANSITIVE].''


==== Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity ====

: Note the following verbs, whose stems end in '''j''' are hard to pronounce with intransitive '''s''' and transitive '''x''', so these two endings are placed with '''p''' and '''b''', respectively, although the presence of the '''p''' is optional, i.e. it's presence or absence can slightly change the meaning from static to dynamic, eg. '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' vs. '''tujper'''....''to fall asleep''.  The transitive forms can be either active or passive.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity
|-
! INTRANSITIVE STATIC !! INTRANSITIVE DYNAMIC !! TRANSITIVE ACTIVE !! TRANSITIVE PASSIVE
|-
| '''Ha mes &lt;u&gt;yija&lt;/u&gt;'''....''The door &lt;u&gt;opened&lt;/u&gt;.'' || '''Ha nasyef &lt;u&gt;yijpa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''The purse &lt;u&gt;came open&lt;/u&gt;.'' || '''At &lt;u&gt;yijba&lt;/u&gt; ha mes.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;opened&lt;/u&gt; the door.'' || '''Ha mes &lt;u&gt;yijbwa&lt;/u&gt; bey yelput.'''....''The door &lt;u&gt;was opened&lt;/u&gt; by an intruder''
|-
| '''Ha mes &lt;u&gt;yuja&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The door &lt;u&gt;closed&lt;/u&gt;.'' || '''Ha yanup &lt;u&gt;yujpa&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The meeting &lt;u&gt;adjourned&lt;/u&gt;.'' || '''At &lt;u&gt;yujba&lt;/u&gt; ha mes.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;closed&lt;/u&gt; the door.''||'''Ha mes yeyfe &lt;u&gt;yujbwer&lt;/u&gt; ja sumjob.'''....''The door should &lt;u&gt;be closed&lt;/u&gt; by bedtime.''
|-
| '''Ha dezun &lt;u&gt;ijaye&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The play &lt;u&gt;has started&lt;/u&gt;.''||'''Ha par &lt;u&gt;ijpa&lt;/u&gt; boy poys.'''....''The car &lt;u&gt;started up&lt;/u&gt; immediately.'' ||'''At &lt;u&gt;ijba&lt;/u&gt; ata tyal.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;started&lt;/u&gt; my meal.''||'''Ha tyal &lt;u&gt;ijbwa&lt;/u&gt; jwa.'''....''The meal &lt;u&gt;was started&lt;/u&gt; early.''
|-
| '''Ha dezun &lt;u&gt;ujaye&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The play has &lt;u&gt;ended&lt;/u&gt;.''||'''Ata yex &lt;u&gt;ujpaye&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''My work &lt;u&gt;has come to an end&lt;/u&gt;.'' || '''A &lt;u&gt;ujba&lt;/u&gt; ha dyes.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;finished&lt;/u&gt; the book.''||'''Ha dyes hyoj &lt;u&gt;ujbwa&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The book never &lt;u&gt;got finished&lt;/u&gt;.''
|-
| '''Ha tob &lt;u&gt;toja&lt;/u&gt; zomoj.'''....''The man &lt;u&gt;died&lt;/u&gt; yesterday evening.''||'''Ha tob &lt;u&gt;tojpa&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man &lt;u&gt;dropped dead.&lt;/u&gt;'' || '''Hot &lt;u&gt;tojba&lt;/u&gt; ha twob?'''....''Who &lt;u&gt;killed&lt;/u&gt; the man?''||'''Ha twob &lt;u&gt;tojbwa&lt;/u&gt; bey ita tayd.'''....''The man &lt;u&gt;was killed&lt;/u&gt; by his wife.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;Teju&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Live!&lt;/u&gt;.''||'''&lt;u&gt;Tejpu!&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Come alive!&lt;/u&gt;.'' || '''Yat efe &lt;u&gt;tejber&lt;/u&gt; ha twob.'''....''We need to &lt;u&gt;revive&lt;/u&gt; the man.''||'''Ha twob yofwa &lt;u&gt;tejbwer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The man could not &lt;u&gt;be revived&lt;/u&gt;.''
|-
| '''Ha tobot &lt;u&gt;taja&lt;/u&gt; zojub.'''....''The baby &lt;u&gt;was born&lt;/u&gt; yesterday.'' || '''Hoj ha tobot &lt;u&gt;tajpo&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''When &lt;u&gt;will&lt;/u&gt; the baby &lt;u&gt;pop out&lt;/u&gt;?'' || '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;tajba&lt;/u&gt; awa twobot zojub.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;gave birth&lt;/u&gt; to a baby boy yesterday.''||'''Ha twobot &lt;u&gt;tajbwa&lt;/u&gt; jo eymoj.'''....''The baby boy was &lt;u&gt;birthed&lt;/u&gt; after midnight.''
|-
| '''At &lt;u&gt;tija&lt;/u&gt; jwe.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;woke up&lt;/u&gt; on time.''||'''It voy &lt;u&gt;tijpa&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He did not &lt;u&gt;come to.&lt;/u&gt;.'' || '''At &lt;u&gt;tijbo&lt;/u&gt; et jwa.'''....''I will &lt;u&gt;wake (you) up&lt;/u&gt; early.''||'''At voy fe &lt;u&gt;tijbwo&lt;/u&gt; gra jwa.'''....''I don't want to &lt;u&gt;be woken&lt;/u&gt; too early.''
|-
| '''At &lt;u&gt;tujeya&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I was &lt;u&gt;sleeping.&lt;/u&gt;''||'''At &lt;u&gt;tujpeya&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I was &lt;u&gt;falling sleep&lt;/u&gt;.'' || '''At &lt;u&gt;tujbo&lt;/u&gt; it.'''....''I will &lt;u&gt;put (him) to sleep.&lt;/u&gt;.''||'''Ha tobot &lt;u&gt;tujbwo&lt;/u&gt; glojo.'''....''The baby &lt;u&gt;will be put to sleep&lt;/u&gt; soon.''
|}

=== Reflexive Verbs ===

: Reflexive verbs, where the object refers back to the subject, work just as in English, where the object is a reflexive pronoun, eg.:

::* '''At tujboye aut.'''....''I am going to kill myself.''
::* '''Tru eut!'''....''Know thyself!''
::* '''It gobla iut bay goblar.'''....''He cut himself with a knife.''
::* '''Ot yefe yuxer out.'''....''One must help oneself.''

: Sometimes, verbs incorporate the reflexivity in the actual verb form using '''ut''' as the prefix:

::* '''uttujber'''....''commit suicide (= self-kill)''
::* '''utboler'''....''support oneself (= self-support)''
::* '''utdider'''....''wonder (= self ask)''

: Sometimes, verbs are used reflexively in Mirad even though they are used simply intransitively in English, eg.:

::* '''Et efe &lt;u&gt;vyilxer eut&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You need to wash up [= &lt;u&gt;wash yourself&lt;/u&gt;].'' (or)
::* '''Et efe &lt;u&gt;utvyilxer&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You need to wash up  [= &lt;u&gt;self-wash&lt;/u&gt;].''

=== Omission of Prepositions After Certain Verbs ===

:: Some verbs inherently incorporate a preposition and so it is not necessary to use that assumed preposition before what would normally be an indirect object.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Inherent Propositions
|-
! PREPOSITION-INCORPORATING VERB !! EXAMPLE
|-
| '''per'''....''go (to)'' || '''Pu tam!''' (Not: '''Pu bu tam!''') ''Go home.''&lt;br&gt;'''It pa Paris.'''....''He went to Paris.''
|-
| '''der'''....''say (to), tell'' || '''Du at eta dyun.'''....''Tell me your name.''&lt;br&gt;'''Du at has.'''....''Tell it to me.''
|-
| '''peser'''....''wait (for)'' || '''Pesu at.'''....''Wait for me.''
|-
| '''buer'''....''give (to)'' || '''Buu at hua dyes.'''....''Give me that book.''
|}

:: As in English, in omitting the inherent preposition in a sentence with both a direct object and an indirect object, place the indirect object before the direct object. If the direct object comes first, then the preposition must be overtly specified before the indirect object, eg. '''Buu &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; hus.'''....''Give me that.'' or '''Buu hus &lt;u&gt;bu at&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Give that &lt;u&gt;to me&lt;/u&gt;.''  See more about this in the chapter on [[Mirad_Grammar/Syntax|Syntax]].


== Transitive/Causative and Intransitive/Inchoative Verbs ==

=== Derived from Adjectives ===

: Adjectives can be converted into transitive/causative and intransitive/inchoative verbs.  A causative verb has the sense ''to make something have some quality'', while an inchoative verb means ''to become or take on the quality of something.''  Causative verbs are always transitive (taking an object), while inchoative verbs are intransitive (not taking an object).  English causative / inchoative verbs often end in ''-ify'' like ''magnify'', or ''-ate'', ''liberate'', or ''ize'', like ''sensitize''.

: To derive a causative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''xer'''....''to do'' to either the stem or the whole adjective (with the '''a''' ending).  Whether you do the former or the latter depends on several factors, but the end result is slightly different in nuance.  A verb with adjective stem + '''xer''' is slightly more idiomatic or less literal than the adjective stem + '''axer'''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -axer vs -xer in Transitive Verbs
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! CAUSATIVE/TRANSITIVE !! CAUSATIVE/TRANSITIVE
|-
! '''-xer''' !! LITERAL !! IDIOMATIC
|-
| '''aga'''&lt;br&gt;''big'' || '''ag&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;xer'''&lt;br&gt;''to magnify'' || '''agxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to grow''
|-
| '''ana'''&lt;br&gt;''one'' || '''an&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;xer'''&lt;br&gt;''to unify'' || '''anxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to unite''
|-
| '''yona'''&lt;br&gt;''apart'' || '''yon&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;xer'''&lt;br&gt;''to separate'' || '''yonxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to cut''
|-
| '''yaga'''&lt;br&gt;''long'' || '''yag&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;xer'''&lt;br&gt;''to lengthen'' || '''yagxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to stretch''
|-
| '''yuga'''&lt;br&gt;''slow'' || '''yug&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;xer'''&lt;br&gt;''to retard'' || '''yugxer''' &lt;br&gt;''to brake''
|-
| '''sana'''&lt;br&gt;''formal'' || '''san&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;xer'''&lt;br&gt;''to formalize'' || '''sanxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to form''
|-
| '''gea'''&lt;br&gt;''equal'' || '''ge&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;xer'''&lt;br&gt;''to equalize'' || '''gexer'''&lt;br&gt;''to copy, equate''
|-
| '''jaa'''&lt;br&gt;''prior'' || '''ja&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;xer'''&lt;br&gt;''to prioritize'' || '''jaxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to prepare''
|}

: To derive an inchoative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''ser'''....''to be'' to either the stem or the whole adjective.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Creating Inchoative Verbs
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! INCHOATIVE/INTRANSITIVE !! INCHOATIVE/INTRANSITIVE
|-
! '''-ser''' !! LITERAL !! IDIOMATIC
|-
| '''aga'''&lt;br&gt;''big'' || '''ag&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ser'''&lt;br&gt;''to get bigger'' || '''agser'''&lt;br&gt;''to grow''
|-
| '''ana'''&lt;br&gt;''one'' || '''an&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ser'''&lt;br&gt;''to unify'' || '''anser'''&lt;br&gt;''to unite, become united''
|-
| '''yona'''&lt;br&gt;''apart'' || '''yon&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ser'''&lt;br&gt;''to become separate'' || '''yonser'''&lt;br&gt;''to break''
|-
|}


: Be careful to use the transitive, causative verb form when you have a direct object, and the intransitive, inchoative verb form when no direct objects are present or possible, eg.:
'''....''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ansu&lt;/u&gt; ey yet golxwo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Unite&lt;/u&gt; or you will be divided.'' [INTRANSITIVE]
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;otadsa&lt;/u&gt; haj hu at sa eta jag.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;got divorced&lt;/u&gt; when I was your age.'' [INTRANSITIVE]
::* '''Hisi &lt;u&gt;agaxo&lt;/u&gt; has hu et teate.'''....''These &lt;u&gt;will magnify&lt;/u&gt; what you see.'' [TRANSITIVE]
::* '''Hia tud &lt;u&gt;agseye&lt;/u&gt; ig.'''....''This child &lt;u&gt;is growing up&lt;/u&gt; fast.'' [INTRANSITIVE]
::* '''Ata tayd &lt;u&gt;agxe&lt;/u&gt; vosi be oyebzom.'''....''My wife &lt;u&gt;grows&lt;/u&gt; flowers out back.'' [TRANSITIVE]

=== Verbs Derived from Nouns ===

: Transitive/causative/active and intransitive/inchoative/passive verbs can also be formed from nouns.  The sense of the former is ''to make be X'' and of the latter, ''to become X''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Verbs Derived from Nouns
|-
! NOUN !! TRANSITIVE/CAUSATIVE/ACTIVE !! INTRANSITIVE/INCHOATIVE/PASSIVE
|-
| '''mog'''....''ash'' || '''mogxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to incinerate'' || '''mogser'''&lt;br&gt;''to become ashes''
|-
| '''yan'''....''collection'' || '''yanxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to collect'' || '''yanser'''&lt;br&gt;''to get together''
|-
| '''tad'''....''spouse'' || '''tadxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to marry'' || '''tadser'''&lt;br&gt;''to get married''
|-
| '''yom'''....''ice'' || '''yomxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to freeze/make ice'' || '''yomser'''&lt;br&gt;''to freeze/become ice''
|-
| '''mag'''....''fire'' || '''magxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to burn, set fire to'' || '''magser'''&lt;br&gt;''to burn, get burned''
|-
| '''uk'''....''void'' || '''ukxer'''&lt;br&gt;''to empty'' || '''ukser'''&lt;br&gt;''become empty, empty out''
|}


=== Causative Verbs ===

: Verbal causatives like ''have/get my car washed'', ''make/force him go'', ''get one's hair cut'' are formed by suffixing the causative verb stem '''ux''' (active) or '''uxw''' (passive) to the stem of the verb signifying the action to be arranged or caused, eg.:

::* '''At gorb&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;o ata tayeb zamaj.'''....''I will get my hair cut tomorrow.''
::* '''Et voy yafe p&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;er at.'''....''You cannot make me go.''
::* '''It tojb&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;a yit.'''....''He had them killed.''
::* '''At efe vyilx&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;er ata par.'''....''I need to have my car washed.''
::* '''Et up&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;wa him avhes.'''....''You were made to come here for some reason.''
::* '''At bakamb&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;o et.'''....''I will have you hospitalized.''
::* '''Et voy yafe deuz&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;er at.'''....''You cannot make me sing.''
::* '''At hihid&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;wa.'''....''I was tickled (= made to laugh).''
::* '''Eta deuz hihid&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;a yat.'''....''Your song tickled us. (= Made us laugh.)''
::* '''Van het ivas&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;u weti.'''....''May someone get you guys to be happy.''

== Directional Verbs ==

: The directionality of some verbs can be distinguished by the ending '''ier''' for an action or motion toward the speaker and '''uer''' for an action or motion away from the speaker toward some object, eg.:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Directional Verbs
|-
! SUBJECT-DIRECTED !! OBJECT-DIRECTED
|-
| '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''buer'''....''to give''
|-
| '''nier'''....''to consume'' || '''nuer'''....''to supply''
|-
| '''nyier'''....''to order'' || '''nyuer'''....''to deliver''
|-
| '''nunier'''....''to buy'' || '''nunuer'''....''to sell''
|-
| '''nazunier'''....''win a prize'' || '''nazunuer'''....''award a prize''
|-
| '''noysier'''....''pay off'' || '''noysuer'''....''charge''
|-
| '''ojbier'''....''borrow'' || '''ojbuer'''....''lend''
|-
| '''tadier'''....''get married'' || '''taduer'''....''marry off''
|-
| '''papier'''....''take flight'' || '''papuer'''....''send off flying''
|-
| '''pipier'''....''set sail'' || '''pipuer'''....''dock''
|-
| '''simbier'''....''take a seat'' || '''simbuer'''....''offer a seat''
|-
| '''tampier'''....''leave home'' || '''tampuer'''....''arrive home''
|-
| '''tamier'''....''settle in'' || '''tamuer'''....''shelter''
|-
| '''nuxbier'''....''to buy'' || '''nixbuer'''....''to sell''
|-
| '''telier'''....''to eat'' || '''teluer'''....''to feed''
|-
| '''gonbier'''....''to participate'' || '''gonbuer'''....''to share''
|-
| '''tilier'''....''to drink'' || '''tiluer'''....''to water, give to drink''
|-
| '''teubier'''....''to swallow'' || '''teubuer'''....''to spit out''
|-
| '''teatier'''....''to observe, watch'' || '''teatuer'''....''to show''
|-
| '''taxier'''....''to memorize'' || '''taxuer'''....''to remind''
|-
| '''alier'''....''to breathe in'' || '''aluer'''....''to breathe out, expire''
|-
| '''ilier'''....''to absorb'' || '''iluer'''....''to leak, soak''
|-
| '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' || '''ifuer'''....''to please''
|-
| '''dier'''....''to ask'' || '''duer'''....''to suggest''
|-
| '''tier'''....''to learn'' || '''tuer'''....''to inform''
|-
| '''pier'''....''to depart'' || '''puer'''....''to arrive''
|-
| '''kebier'''....''to choose'' || '''kebuer'''....''to distribute''
|-
| '''tujier'''....''to fall asleep'' || '''tujuer'''....''to put to sleep''
|-
| '''tojier'''....''to fall dead'' || '''tojuer'''....''to kill''
|-
| '''byier'''....''to originate'' || '''byuer'''....''to target''
|-
| '''mempier'''....''to take off'' || '''mempuer'''....''to land''
|-
| '''sinier'''....''visualize'' || '''sinuer'''....''display''
|-
| '''xier'''....''to result'' || '''xuer'''....''to cause''
|-
| '''yifier'''....''to get up the courage'' || '''yifuer'''....''to encourage''
|-
| '''yafonier'''....''to gain power'' || '''yafonuer'''....''to empower''
|-
| '''trier'''....''to become acquainted with'' || '''truer'''....''to acquaint''
|-
| '''tepizier'''....''to pay attention to'' || '''tepizuer'''....''to draw attention to''
|}

== Prepositions and Directional Adverbs as Verbal Prefixes ==

: Prepositions and directional adverbs can be prefixed to verbs in order to change their semantics. A preposition ending in '''b''' will assimilate to '''p''' before the verb '''per'''....''to go'' and a preposition ending in '''b''' will lose the '''b''' before a verb beginning with '''b'''.  Here are some examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Verb Prepositional Prefixes
|-
! PREPOSITION/ADVERB !!  TRANSITIVE VERB !! INTRANSITIVE VERB
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''aber'''....''apply'' || '''aper'''....''get on, mount''
|-
| '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ober'''....''remove'' || '''oper'''....''get of, dismount''
|-
| '''eb'''....''between'' || '''eber'''....''block'' || '''eper'''....''intervene''
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yober'''....''take down'' || '''yoper'''....''descend''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' || '''yuber'''....''bring near'' || '''yuper'''....''approach''
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiber'''....''take away'' || '''yiper'''....''go far away''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in''  || '''yepuxer'''....''throw in'' || '''yepuser'''....''jump in''
|-
| '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyeber'''....''expose'' || '''oyeper'''....''exit''
|-
| '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyepuxer'''....''eject'' || '''oyepuser'''....''jump out''
|-
| '''zyu'''....''round''  || '''zyuber'''....''rotate'' || '''zyuper'''....''revolve''
|-
| '''zya'''....''throughout'' || '''zyaber'''....''spread'' || '''zyaper'''....''tour''
|-
| '''av'''....''for'' || '''avdaler'''....''plead'' || '''avper'''....''pursue''
|-
| '''ov'''....''against'' || '''ovber'''....''oppose'' || '''ovper'''....''countervene''
|-
| '''yan'''....''together'' || '''yanber'''....''compose'' || '''yanper'''....''meet''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart'' || '''yonber'''....''separate'' || '''yonper'''....''separate''
|-
| '''iz'''....''direct'' || '''izber'''....''lead'' || '''izper'''....''head''
|-
| '''uz'''....''curved'' || '''uzber'''....''divert'' || '''uzper'''....''diverge''
|-
| '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''yuzbexer'''....''surround'' || '''yuzper'''....''circulate''
|-
| '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yizber'''....''transfer'' || '''yizper'''....''surpass''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back, re-'' || '''zoyber'''....''return'' || '''zoyper'''....''go back''
|}

: The prefix '''zoy-'''....''back'' is used like the English prefix ''re-'', eg.:

::* '''ember'''....''to position'' → '''&lt;u&gt;zoy&lt;/u&gt;ember'''....''to &lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;position, &lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;place''
::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''&lt;u&gt;zoy&lt;/u&gt;der'''....''to &lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;peat''
::* '''sanxer'''....''to shape, form'' → '''&lt;u&gt;zoy&lt;/u&gt;sanxer'''....''to &lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;shape, &lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;form''

: The prefix '''lo-''' reverses the semantics of a verb and is like English ''dis-'', ''de-'', or ''un-'', eg.:

::* '''saxer'''....''to build, construct'' → '''&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;saxer'''....''to &lt;u&gt;de&lt;/u&gt;stroy, &lt;u&gt;de&lt;/u&gt;construct''
::* '''yonxer'''....''to unite'' → '''&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;yonxer'''....''to &lt;u&gt;dis&lt;/u&gt;unite''
::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;xer'''....''to &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;do''
::* '''teaper'''....''to visit'' → '''&lt;u&gt;zoy&lt;/u&gt;teaper'''....''to &lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;visit''
::* '''uper'''....''to come'' → '''&lt;u&gt;zoy&lt;/u&gt;uper'''....''to &lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;turn, come &lt;u&gt;back&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''&lt;u&gt;zoy&lt;/u&gt;buxer'''....''to &lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;pel, push &lt;u&gt;back&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''&lt;u&gt;zoy&lt;/u&gt;puxer'''....''to &lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;ject, throw &lt;u&gt;back&lt;/u&gt;, jettison''

: The prefix '''vyo-''' is used as the counterpart to the English ''mis-'', meaning ''wrongfully'', eg.:

::* '''nadxer'''....''to align'' → '''&lt;u&gt;vyo&lt;/u&gt;nadxer'''....''to &lt;u&gt;mis&lt;/u&gt;align''
::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''&lt;u&gt;vyo&lt;/u&gt;der'''....''to &lt;u&gt;mis&lt;/u&gt;state, lie''
::* '''utbier'''....''to appropriate'' → '''&lt;u&gt;vyo&lt;/u&gt;utbier'''....''to &lt;u&gt;mis&lt;/u&gt;appropriate''

: The prefix '''yan-'''....''together'' is used as the English ''co-'', eg.:

::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;exer'''....''to &lt;u&gt;co&lt;/u&gt;operate''
::* '''tamer'''....''to dwell'' → '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;tamer'''....''to &lt;u&gt;co&lt;/u&gt;habit''
::* '''napber'''....''to put in order'' → '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;napber'''....''to &lt;u&gt;co&lt;/u&gt;ordinate''

: The prefix '''az-''' (from '''aza'''....''strong'') is used as an intensifier, eg.:

::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''&lt;u&gt;az&lt;/u&gt;yujber'''....''to lock''
::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''&lt;u&gt;az&lt;/u&gt;der'''....''to emphasize''
::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''&lt;u&gt;az&lt;/u&gt;duer'''....''to urge''
::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''&lt;u&gt;az&lt;/u&gt;dizeuder'''....''to guffaw''

: By contrast, the prefix '''oz-''' (from '''oza'''....''weak'') is used as a softener, eg.:

::* '''der'''....''to utter'' → '''&lt;u&gt;oz&lt;/u&gt;der'''....''to whisper''
::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''&lt;u&gt;oz&lt;/u&gt;duer'''....''to hint''
::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''&lt;u&gt;oz&lt;/u&gt;dizeuder'''....''to chuckle''
::* '''uvteuder'''....''to moan'' → '''&lt;u&gt;oz&lt;/u&gt;uvteuder'''....''to whimper''

: The prefix '''ja-'''....''before'' is used as the English prefix ''pre-'', ''fore-'', or ''ante-'', eg.:

::* '''der'''....''to tell'' → '''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;der'''....''to foretell, predict''
::* '''teater'''....''to see'' → '''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;teater'''....''to foresee, preview''
::* '''ter'''....''to know'' → '''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;ter'''....''to presage, have foreknowledge of''
::* '''yever'''....''to judge'' → '''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;yever'''....''to prejudge''
::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;juder'''....''to antedate''

: By contrast, '''jo-'''....''after'' is used as the English prefix ''post-'', eg.:

::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt;juder'''....''to postdate''
::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt;texer'''....''to reflect on, review''
::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt;der'''....''to mourn, regret''
::* '''ibler'''....''to obtain'' → '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt;ibler'''....''to inherit''

: The prefix '''gra-'''....''too much'' is used for actions that are excessive, eg.:

::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;telier'''....''to overeat''
::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;fer'''....''to cover''
::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;der'''....''to exaggerate''
::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;daler'''....''to yammer''

By contrast, the prefix '''gro-'''....''to little'' is used for actions that are underdone, eg.:

::* '''fyinder'''....''to value'' → '''&lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt;fyinder'''....''to underestimate''
::* '''mageler'''....''to cook'' → '''&lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt;mageler'''....''to undercook''

== Modal Verbs ==

: Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are usually followed by the main verb in the infinitive or a subjunctive dependent clause and have to do with wanting, permitting, prohibiting, being able, being unable, needing, being obliged to do something, etc. 


=== Principal Modal Auxiliary Verbs ===

: Here is a chart showing the main modal auxiliary verbs in Mirad:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Principle Modal Auxiliary Verbs
|-
! POSITIVE !! &amp;nbsp; !! NEGATIVE
|-
| '''afer'''....''may''&lt;br&gt;'''ayfer'''....''might'' || '''efer'''....''need'' || '''ofer'''....''may not''&lt;br&gt;'''oyfer'''....''might not''
|-
| '''ifer'''....''love''&lt;br&gt;'''iyfer'''....''like'' || '''fer'''....''want'' || '''ufer'''....''hate''&lt;br&gt;'''uyfer'''....''dislike''
|-
| '''yafer'''....''can, be able''&lt;br&gt;'''yayfer'''....''might, could'' || '''yefer'''....''must, have to''&lt;br&gt;'''yeyfer'''....''ought, should'' || '''yofer'''....''cannot''&lt;br&gt;'''yoyfer'''....''could not, might not''
|-
| '''yifer'''....''dare'' || &amp;nbsp; || '''yufer'''....''be afraid''
|-
| '''yiver'''....''have a right, be free'' || &amp;nbsp; || '''yuver'''....''be bound''
|}

: If the modal verb is in the hypothetic aspect (conditional), then the sense is somewhat mitigated, as in these examples:

:* '''At &lt;u&gt;fe&lt;/u&gt; per.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;want&lt;/u&gt; to go.''
:* '''At &lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt; per.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;would&lt;/u&gt; like to go.''

:* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yafe&lt;/u&gt; aker.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;can&lt;/u&gt; win.''
:* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yafu&lt;/u&gt; aker.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;could&lt;/u&gt; win.''

:* '''Yet &lt;u&gt;yefe&lt;/u&gt; iper.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;must&lt;/u&gt; leave.''
:* '''Yet &lt;u&gt;yefu&lt;/u&gt; iper.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;ought&lt;/u&gt; to leave.''

: Post-y-gliding the stem vowel of the modal verb also reduces the strength, for example:

:* '''At &lt;u&gt;ife&lt;/u&gt; et.''' ....''I &lt;u&gt;love&lt;/u&gt; you.''
:* '''At &lt;u&gt;iyfe&lt;/u&gt; et.''' ....''I &lt;u&gt;like&lt;/u&gt; you.''

:* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yefe&lt;/u&gt; iper.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;must&lt;/u&gt; leave.''
:* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yeyfe&lt;/u&gt; iper.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;should&lt;/u&gt; leave.''

:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;yafe&lt;/u&gt; aker.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;can&lt;/u&gt; win.''
:* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;yayfe&lt;/u&gt; aker.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;might&lt;/u&gt; win.''

:* '''At &lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt; uda tuz.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;hated&lt;/u&gt; that art.''
:* '''At &lt;u&gt;uyfa&lt;/u&gt; uda tuz.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;disliked&lt;/u&gt; that art.''

: By the same token, adding the intensifying consonants '''l''' and '''r''' add strength to the model verb sense:

:* '''Hua toyb &lt;u&gt;yufxa&lt;/u&gt; at.'''....''That woman &lt;u&gt;scared&lt;/u&gt; me.''
:* '''Hua toyb &lt;u&gt;yulfxa&lt;/u&gt; at.'''....''That woman &lt;u&gt;intimidated&lt;/u&gt; me.''
:* '''Hua toyb &lt;u&gt;yurfxa&lt;/u&gt; at.'''....''That woman &lt;u&gt;terrorized&lt;/u&gt; me.''

:* '''Hia yex &lt;u&gt;efwo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This work &lt;u&gt;will be necessary&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia yex &lt;u&gt;elfwo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This work &lt;u&gt;will be critical&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Hia yex &lt;u&gt;erfwo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This work &lt;u&gt;will be indispensable&lt;/u&gt;.''

:* '''Su &lt;u&gt;yifa&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Be &lt;u&gt;brave&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Su &lt;u&gt;yifla&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Be &lt;u&gt;bold&lt;/u&gt;.''
:* '''Su &lt;u&gt;yifra&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Be &lt;u&gt;heroic&lt;/u&gt;.''

:* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yuve&lt;/u&gt; buer nas.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are supposed&lt;/u&gt; to give money.''
:* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yuvle&lt;/u&gt; buer nas.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are bound&lt;/u&gt; to give money.''
:* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yuvre&lt;/u&gt; buer nas.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are absolutely compelled&lt;/u&gt; to give money.''

: Here are some examples showing how these modal verbs are used as auxiliaries:

::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;afe&lt;/u&gt; oyeper ay ifeker.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;may&lt;/u&gt; go out and play.''
::* '''Yat &lt;u&gt;efa&lt;/u&gt; tujer.'''....''We &lt;u&gt;needed&lt;/u&gt; to sleep.''
::* '''Ot &lt;u&gt;ofe&lt;/u&gt; mavier him.'''....''One &lt;u&gt;is prohibited&lt;/u&gt; to smoke here.''
::* '''Mavier him &lt;u&gt;ofwe&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Smoking here is prohibited.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;ife&lt;/u&gt; dyeer.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;love&lt;/u&gt; to read.''
::* '''He et &lt;u&gt;fe&lt;/u&gt; yebuper?'''....''Do you &lt;u&gt;want&lt;/u&gt; to come in?''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt; teaper et edjub.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;would like&lt;/u&gt; to visit you some day.''
::* '''It &lt;u&gt;ufaye hyaj&lt;/u&gt; teaxwer.'''....''He &lt;u&gt;has always hated&lt;/u&gt; being looked at.''
::* '''Duven et &lt;u&gt;iyfe&lt;/u&gt; per tilami?'''....''Do you &lt;u&gt;like&lt;/u&gt; going to bars?''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;uyfe&lt;/u&gt; tijer gra jwa.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;dislike&lt;/u&gt; waking up too early.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yafe&lt;/u&gt; xer hyes hu et fu.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;can&lt;/u&gt; do whatever you like.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yefer&lt;/u&gt; xer ad vyaas.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;must&lt;/u&gt; do the right thing.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yeyfe&lt;/u&gt; voy daler huyen azay.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;should&lt;/u&gt; not talk so loud.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;yeyfa&lt;/u&gt; ter ga fi.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;should have&lt;/u&gt; known better.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;voy yifu&lt;/u&gt; der hyea fuas.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;would not dare&lt;/u&gt; say anything bad.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Von yufu&lt;/u&gt; der has hu et tesde.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Don't be afraid&lt;/u&gt; to say what you mean.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yive&lt;/u&gt; dier yevanavdut.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;have a right&lt;/u&gt; to ask for a lawyer.''
::* '''Yat &lt;u&gt;voy yuve&lt;/u&gt; kyoejer.'''....''We &lt;u&gt;are not bound&lt;/u&gt; to stick around.''

=== Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms ===

:: All of these modal verbs can be passive, in which case they are &quot;patient-oriented&quot; rather than &quot;subject-oriented.&quot; The participial adjective '''yafa'''....''able'' is subject-oriented and refers to a person, whereas the passived adjective '''yafwa'''....''possible'' is patient-oriented and refers to a thing or event. Here is a chart of the principal modal verbs and corresponding participial adjectives with this subject/object-orientation distinction shown:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms
|-
! MODAL TYPE || SUBJECT-ORIENTED !! SUBJECT-ORIENTED !! PATIENT-ORIENTED !! PATIENT-ORIENTED
|-
! !! VERB !! ADJECTIVE !! VERB !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| PERMISSION || '''afer'''....''may'' || '''afa'''....''allowed'' || '''afwer'''....''be permitted'' || '''afwa'''....''permissable''
|-
| NECESSITY || '''efer'''....''need'' || '''efa'''....''needful'' || '''efwer'''....''be necessary'' || '''efwa'''....''necessary, required''
|-
| PROHIBITION || '''ofer'''....''be unallowed'' || '''ofa'''....''prohibited'' || '''ofwer'''....''be prohibited'' || '''ofwa'''....''banned''
|-
| POSSIBILITY || '''yafer'''....''be able'' || '''yafa'''....''able'' || '''yafwer'''....''be possible'' || '''yafwa'''....''possible''
|-
| OBLIGATION || '''yefer'''....''must'' || '''yefa'''....''obliged'' || '''yefwer'''....''be obligatory'' || '''yefwa'''....''obligatory''
|-
| DUTY || '''yeyfer'''....''should'' || '''yeyfa'''....''supposed, duty-bound'' || '''yeyfwer''''....''be supposed'' || '''yeyfwa'''....''due''
|-
| IMPOSSIBILITY || '''yofer'''....''be unable'' || '''yofa'''....''unable'' || '''yofwer'''....''be impossible'' || '''yofwa'''....''impossible''
|-
| VOLITION || '''fer'''....''want'' || '''fa'''....''desirous'' || '''fwer'''....''be desirable'' || '''fwa'''....''desirable, wanted''
|-
| LOVE || '''ifer'''....''love''&lt;br&gt;'''iyfer'''....''like'' || '''ifa'''....''enamored''&lt;br&gt;'''iyfa'''....''fond'' || '''ifwer'''....''be loved''&lt;br&gt;'''iyfwer'''....''be liked'' || '''ifwa'''....''lovable''&lt;br&gt;'''iyfwa'''....''likeable''
|-
| HATE || '''ufer'''....''hate''&lt;br&gt;'''uyfer'''....''dislike'' || '''ufa'''....''averse''&lt;br&gt;'''uyfa'''....''displeased''|| '''ufwer'''....''be hated''&lt;br&gt;'''uyfwer'''....''be disliked'' || '''ufwa'''....''odious''&lt;br&gt;'''unliked''
|-
| RISK || '''yifer'''....''dare'' || '''yifa'''....''daring, brave'' || '''yifwer'''....''be safe'' || '''yifwa'''....''safe''
|-
| FEAR || '''yufer'''....''be afraid'' || '''yufa'''....''afraid'' || '''yufwer'''....''be a danger'' || '''yufwa'''....''frightening''
|-
| JOY || '''iver'''....''enjoy'' || '''iva'''....''glad'' || '''ivwer'''....''be a joy'' || '''ivwa'''....''enjoyable''
|-
| SORROW || '''uver'''....''be sorry'' || '''uva'''....''sorry, sad'' || '''uvwer'''....''be a shame'' || '''uvwa'''....''regrettable''
|}

: Examples of subject-oriented forms:

::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;yafa&lt;/u&gt; xer hes.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;am capable of&lt;/u&gt; doing anything.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;ofe&lt;/u&gt; teater hia dyezun.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are not allowed/are prohibited&lt;/u&gt; to see this film.''
::* '''Duven at &lt;u&gt;afe&lt;/u&gt; per hum?'''....''Am I &lt;u&gt;allowed&lt;/u&gt; to go there?''
::* '''Yat &lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt; ter eta dyun.'''....''We &lt;u&gt;would like&lt;/u&gt; to know your name.''
::* '''Piti &lt;u&gt;ufe&lt;/u&gt; beser be mel.'''....''Fish &lt;u&gt;hate&lt;/u&gt; to remain on dry land.''
::* '''At ajay &lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt; dazer.'''....''I once &lt;u&gt;loved&lt;/u&gt; to dance.''
::* '''Et se iva, at &lt;u&gt;yife&lt;/u&gt; der.'''....''You are beautiful, I &lt;u&gt;dare&lt;/u&gt; say.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;yeyfa&lt;/u&gt; xer has ga ig.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;should&lt;/u&gt; have done it sooner.''
::* '''Von &lt;u&gt;yufu&lt;/u&gt;; At yupeye.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Fear&lt;/u&gt; not; I am coming.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;yefe&lt;/u&gt; puer ja eymaj.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;must&lt;/u&gt; arrive before noon.''
::* '''Yet &lt;u&gt;yofe&lt;/u&gt; daler je ha dezun.'''....''You people &lt;u&gt;must not&lt;/u&gt; talk during the performance.''
::* '''Yat &lt;u&gt;yeyfe&lt;/u&gt; (= se &lt;u&gt;yeyfa&lt;/u&gt; aker.'''....''We should (= are &lt;u&gt;bound/supposed/due&lt;/u&gt;) to win.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;ive&lt;/u&gt; teater et bakser.'''....''I&lt;u&gt;'m glad&lt;/u&gt; to see you get better.''
::* '''Su &lt;u&gt;iva&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Be &lt;u&gt;happy&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;uvu (= su uva)&lt;/u&gt; teater et iper.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;would be sad&lt;/u&gt; to see you leave.''

: Examples of patient-oriented forms:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Afwe&lt;/u&gt; (= se afwa) mavier him.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It is permissible&lt;/u&gt; to smoke here.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ofwe&lt;/u&gt; (= se ofwa*) puxer fyumul him.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It is prohibited&lt;/u&gt; to throw litter here.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Fwe&lt;/u&gt; (= se fwa) van yet dolu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It is desired&lt;/u&gt; that you stop talking.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Voy yafwe&lt;/u&gt; beser him gajob.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It is not possible&lt;/u&gt; to remain here any longer.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yofwa&lt;/u&gt; av at ivteuder.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It was not possible&lt;/u&gt; for me to laugh.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yefwe&lt;/u&gt; van et piu ig.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It is essential&lt;/u&gt; that you leave quickly.''
::* '''He &lt;u&gt;yeyfwe&lt;/u&gt; ober ata tyoyafi?'''....''Is &lt;u&gt;it obligatory&lt;/u&gt; to remove my shoes?''
::* '''Ga yux &lt;u&gt;efwo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''More help &lt;u&gt;will be needed&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yuxren se &lt;u&gt;ufwa&lt;/u&gt; xetyen.'''....''Slavery is an &lt;u&gt;odious&lt;/u&gt; practice.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Uvwe&lt;/u&gt; van wit oka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;It's a shame&lt;/u&gt; that he lost.''

:: *&lt;small&gt;'''lofwa''' is used for ''unwanted'' for disambiguation purposes.&lt;/small&gt;

=== Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems ===

: Various causative verbs can be formed from modal stems, as shown in the chart below:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems
|-
! SUBJECT-ORIENTED !! PATIENT-ORIENTED
|-
| '''afxer'''....''allow'' (someone to do sthg.) || '''afwaxer'''....''permit'' (something to be done)
|-
| '''efxer'''....''require'' || '''efwaxer'''....''necessitate''
|-
| '''ofxer'''....''prohibit'' || '''ofwaxer'''....''prohibit''
|-
| '''yafxer'''....''enable'' || '''yafwaxer'''....''make possible''
|-
| '''yefxer'''....''oblige'' || '''yefwaxer'''....''make obligatory''
|-
| '''yofxer'''....''cripple'' || '''yofwaxer'''....''disable''
|-
| '''yifxer'''....''embolden'' || '''yifwaxer'''....''make safe''
|-
| '''yufxer'''....''intimidate'' || '''yufwaxer'''....''make frightening''
|-
| '''ifxer'''....''please'' || '''ifwaxer'''....''make pleasant''
|}

=== Creating Modal Verbs and Adjectives with Modal Stem Suffixes ===

: Verb stems can be suffixed with modal participles to produce related modal verbs and adjectives.  The first chart shows the modal participles themselves that can be suffixed to verb stems.  Subject-oriented forms refer only to people, while patient-oriented forms (ending in '''-wa''') refer only to things.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Modal Suffixes
|-
! SUBJECT-ORIENTED !! PATIENT-ORIENTED
|-
| '''Xyafa'''....''able to X, -able'' || '''Xyafwa'''....''posssible to X''
|-
| '''Xyofa'''....''unable to X'' || '''Xyofwa'''....''impossible to X''
|-
| '''Xifa'''....''fond of Xing, Xophile'' || 
|-
| '''Xufa'''....''averse to Xing, Xophobic'' ||
|-
| '''Xyika'''....''hard of Xing'' || '''Xyikwa'''....''hard to X'' 
|-
| '''Xyuka'''....''comfortable/easy Xing'' || '''Xyukwa'''....''easy to X''
|-
| '''-Xefa'''....''in need of Xing'' || '''Xefwa'''....''necessary to X''
|-
| '''Xyufa'''....''afraid of Xing'' || '''Xyufwa'''....''frightening to X''
|}

: This table shows some of these modal suffixes applied to actual verb and noun stems:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Modals
|-
! !! POSITIVE ADJECTIVE !! POSITIVE VERB !! NEGATIVE ADJECTIVE !! NEGATIVE VERB
|-
| '''SUBJECT-ORIENTED''' || '''teatyafa'''....''able to see, sighted'' || '''teatyafer'''....''be able to see'' || '''teatyofa'''....''blind'' || '''teatyofer'''....''be blind''
|-
| '''PATIENT-ORIENTED''' || '''teatyafwa'''....''visible'' || '''teatyafwer'''....''be visible'' || '''teatyofwa'''....''invisible'' || '''teatyofwer'''....''be invisible''
|-
| '''SUBJECT-ORIENTED''' || '''teetyafa'''....''able to hear, hearing'' || '''teetyafer'''....''be able to hear'' || '''teetyofa'''....''deaf'' || '''teatyofer'''....''be deaf''
|-
| '''PATIENT-ORIENTED''' || '''teetyafwa'''....''audible'' || '''teetyafwer'''....''be audible'' || '''teeyofwa'''....''inaudible'' || '''teeyofwer'''....''be inaudiable''
|-
| '''SUBJECT-ORIENTED''' || '''dalyafa'''....''able to speak'' || '''dalyafer'''....''be able to speak'' || '''dalyofa'''....''mute, dumb'' || '''dalyofer'''....''be mute, dumb''
|-
| '''SUBJECT-ORIENTED''' || '''doabifa'''....''patriotic'' || '''doabifer'''....''be patriotic'' || '''doabufa'''....''rebellious'' || '''doabufer'''....''rebel'' 
|-
| '''SUBJECT-ORIENTED''' || '''tosyafa'''....''sensitive'' || '''tosyafer'''....''be able to feel'' || '''tosyofa'''....''insensitive'' || '''tosyofer'''....''be numbed''
|-
| '''PATIENT-ORIENTED''' || '''tayotyafwa'''....''palpable'' || '''tayotyafwer'''....''be palpable'' || '''tayotyofwa'''....''numb'' || '''tayotyofwer'''....''be impalbable, numb''
|-
| '''PATIENT-ORIENTED''' || '''testyukwa'''....''easy to understand'' || '''testyukwaxer'''....''make easily understood'' || '''testyikwa'''....''hard to understand'' || '''testyikwaxer'''....''make hard to understand''
|-
| '''SUBJECT-ORIENTED''' || '''tilefa'''....''thirsty'' || '''tilefer'''....''be thirsty'' || ||
|-
| '''SUBJECT-ORIENTED''' || '''telefa'''....''hungry'' || '''telefer'''....''be hungry'' || ||
|-
| '''PATIENT-ORIENTED''' || '''tejefwa'''....''vital'' || '''tejefwer'''....''be vital'' || ||
|}
=== Sensing Verbs ===
: Verbs involving the senses, such as sight or hearing, follow a similar pattern, as the following chart shows:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Sensing Verbs
|-
! !! '''teab'''....''eye''&lt;br&gt;'''teata'''....''visual'' !! '''teeb'''....''ear''&lt;br&gt;'''teeta'''....''audial'' !! '''teib'''....''nose''&lt;br&gt;'''teita'''....''olfactory'' !! '''teub'''....''mouth''&lt;br&gt;'''teuta'''....''gustatory'' !! '''tayob'''....''skin''&lt;br&gt;'''tayota'''....''tactile''
|-
| RECEPTIVE/ACTIVE || '''teater'''....''see'' || '''teeter'''....''hear'' || '''teiter'''....''smell'' || '''teuter'''....''taste'' || '''tayoter'''....''feel''
|-
| RECEPTIVE/PASSIVE || '''teatwer'''....''be seen'' || '''teetwer'''....''be heard'' || '''teitwer'''....''be smelled'' || '''teutwer'''....''be tasted'' || '''tayotwer'''....''be felt''
|-
| STATIVE  || '''teaser'''....''seem'' || '''teeser'''....''sound'' || '''teiser'''....''smell'' || '''teuser'''....''taste'' || '''tayoser'''....''feel'' 
|-
| DYNAMIC/ACTIVE || '''teaxer'''....''look at'' || '''teexer'''....''listen'' || '''teixer'''....''sniff'' || '''teuxer'''....''taste'' || '''tayoxer'''....''touch'' 
|-
| DYNAMIC/PASSIVE || '''teaxwer'''....''be looked at'' || '''teexwer'''....''be listened to'' || '''teixwer'''....''be sniffed'' || '''teuxwer'''....''be tasted'' || '''tayoxwer'''....''be touched''
|-
| CAUSATIVE/ACTIVE|| '''teatuer'''....''show'' || '''teetuer'''....''make hear'' || '''teixuer'''....''make smell'' || '''teuxuer'''....''offer a taste'' || '''tayoxuer'''....''make feel''
|-
| CAUSATIVE/PASSIVE|| '''teatuwer'''....''be shown'' || '''teetuwer'''....''be made to hear'' || '''teituwer'''....''be made to smell'' || '''teutuwer'''....''be given a taste'' || '''tayotuwer'''....''be made to feel''
|-
| INCHOATIVE/ACTIVE || '''teatier'''....''perceive,''&lt;br&gt;''catch sight of'' || '''teetier'''....''catch the&lt;br&gt;sound of'' || '''teitier'''....''get a whiff of'' || '''teutuer'''....''get a taste of'' || '''tayotier'''....''get the sensation of'' 
|-
| INCHOATIVE/PASSIVE || '''teatiwer'''....''be perceived'' || '''teetiwer'''....''be heard'' || '''teitiwer'''....''be whiffed'' || '''teutiwer'''....''be tasted'' || '''tayotiwer'''....''be felt'' 
|-
| NEGATIVE-MODAL/PATIENT-ORIENTED/&lt;br&gt;STATIVE || '''teatyofer'''....''be blind'' || '''teetyofer'''....''be deaf'' || '''teityofer'''....''be unable to smell'' || '''teityofer'''....''be unable to taste'' || '''tayotyofer'''....''be insensitive'' 
|-
| NEGATIVE-MODAL/OBJECT-ORIENTED/&lt;br&gt;STATIVE || '''teatyofwer'''....''be invisible'' || '''teetyofwer'''....''be inaudible'' || '''teityofwer'''....''be undetectable&lt;br&gt;odorwise'' || '''teityofwer'''....''be insipid'' || '''tayotyofwer'''....''be undetectable&lt;br&gt;by touch'' 
|-
| NEGATIVE-MODAL/PATIENT-ORIENTED/CAUSATIVE || '''teatyofxer'''....''blind'' || '''teetyofxer'''....''deafen'' || '''teityofxer'''....''desensitize&lt;br&gt;to smell'' || '''teutyofxer'''....''desensitize to&lt;br&gt;taste'' || '''tayotyofxer'''....''desensitize'' 
|-
| NEGATIVE-MODAL/OBJECT-ORIENTED/CAUSATIVE || '''teatyofwaxer'''....''make invisible'' || '''teetyofwaxer'''....''make inaudible'' || '''teityofwaxer'''....''make odorless'' || '''teutyofwaxer'''....''render tasteless'' || '''tayotyofwaxer'''....''numb'' 
|}
: Examples of usage:

::* '''At teatyofxwa bey ha mani.'''....''I was blinded by the lights.''
::* '''Ha xeus sa teetyofxyea.'''....''The noise was deafening.''
::* '''Hia tit se gla teatiyafa.'''....''This pupil is very perceptive.''
::* '''Hua bekil se teityofwa.'''....''That medecine is odorless (impossible to smell).''
::* '''Teatyofwaxu ha vyuni.'''....''Make the spots invisible.''
::* '''Ha magmeb yonprex tayotyafwa zya ha mir.'''....''The volcano eruption could be felt throughout the world.''
=== The Frequentative Infix ===
Frequentative verbs or repetitive action verbs can be formed with the infix '''-eg-''' placed between the verb stem and verb ending, eg.:

:: '''pyaser'''....''jump''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇒&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''pyas&lt;u&gt;eg&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''bounce''
:: '''paper'''....''fly''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇒&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''pap&lt;u&gt;eg&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''flitter''
:: '''kobirer'''....''steal''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇒&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''kobir&lt;u&gt;eg&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''pilfer''
:: '''braser'''....''shake''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇒&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''braseger'''....''vibrate''
:: '''brases'''....''shaking''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇒&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''brasegea'''....''vibrating''

== Verbs of Intermediation ==
: To make a verb of intermediation, that is, a construction like ''have something done by someone'' or ''get something done'', simply attach '''ux''' to the stem of the verb, as follows:

::* '''At vyix&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;a ata pur.'''....''I got my car washed.''
::* '''Iyt x&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;a hyiyta tayeb.'''....''She had her hair done.''
::* '''At dovalpox&lt;u&gt;ux&lt;/u&gt;o et.'''....''I will have you arrested.''
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronouns|Prepositions}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qrck0x0ty6wytb8u0fy2mi2lo3qzwvu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Conjunctions</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417651</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088245</id>
      <parentid>4087412</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:23:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15210" xml:space="preserve">= Conjunctions  =
: Conjunctions are words that join or introduce clauses.  There are two major types of conjunctions, with some minor categories, noted below:
::# '''''Coordinating Conjunctions'''''
::::* Simple Linking Conjunctions, such as ''and, or, but''
::::* Correlative Conjunctions, such as ''either...or, neither...or, both...and''
::::* Adverbial Coordinating Conjunctions, such as ''then, also, therefore''
::# '''''Subordinating Conjunctions'''''
::::* Complementizing Conjunctions, such as ''that, if, whether, lest''
::::* Relative Conjunctions, such as ''as, when, because, while''
== Coordinating Conjunctions ==
: Mirad has three types of coordinating conjunctions, as shown in the following charts:
::* '''''Simple Linking Conjunctions'''''
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Linking Conjunctions
! CONJUNCTION !! EXAMPLE
|-
| '''ay'''....''and'' || '''At oveko &lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt; at ako.'''....''I will compete &lt;u&gt;and&lt;/u&gt; I will win.''
|-
| '''ey'''....''or'' || '''Bosu &lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt; at tuyapyexo et.'''....''Be still &lt;u&gt;or&lt;/u&gt; I will spank you.''
|-
| '''oy'''....''but'' || '''It yeka &lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt; it oka.'''....''He tried &lt;u&gt;but&lt;/u&gt; he lost.''
|-
| '''oey'''....''nor'' || '''At voy tilo &lt;u&gt;oey&lt;/u&gt; at telo.'''....''I shall not drink, &lt;u&gt;nor&lt;/u&gt; shall I eat.''
|}

::* '''''Correlative Coordinating Conjunctions'''''
: The following conjunctions come in pairs:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Correlative Coordinating Conjunctions
! CONJUNCTION !! EXAMPLE
|-
| '''hyaewa...ay''' ''both...and'' || '''At &lt;u&gt;hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; dyede &lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt; dre Mirad.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;both&lt;/u&gt; read &lt;u&gt;and&lt;/u&gt; write Mirad.''
|-
| '''hyeawa...ey''' ''either...or'' || '''Et yafe &lt;u&gt;hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; beser &lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt; pier.  Se eta kebiun.'''....''You can &lt;u&gt;either&lt;/u&gt; stay &lt;u&gt;or&lt;/u&gt; leave.  It's your choice.''
|-
| '''hyoawa...oey''' ''neither...nor'' || '''Yat &lt;u&gt;hyoawa&lt;/u&gt; move &lt;u&gt;oey&lt;/u&gt; tile.'''....''We &lt;u&gt;neither&lt;/u&gt; smoke &lt;u&gt;nor&lt;/u&gt; drink.''
|-
| '''voy hyawa'''....'''oy (gay)''' ''not only...but (also)'' || '''At &lt;u&gt;voy hyawa&lt;/u&gt; deuze &lt;u&gt;oy gay&lt;/u&gt; at daze.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;not only&lt;/u&gt; sing &lt;u&gt;but also&lt;/u&gt; I dance.''
|}
::* '''''Adverbial Coordinating Conjunctions'''''
: Some grammars call these conjunctive adverbs:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Adverbial Coordinating Conjunctions
|-
! CONJUNCTION !! EXAMPLE
|-
| '''jo hus / joy'''....''then, next, after that'' || '''Yat deuza, &lt;u&gt;jo hus&lt;/u&gt; hyat daza.'''....''We sang, &lt;u&gt;then&lt;/u&gt; everyone danced.''
|-
| '''je hus / jey'''....''meanwhile'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Je hus&lt;/u&gt;, at ujba hyas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Meanwhile&lt;/u&gt;, I finished everything.''
|-
| '''av hus'''....''so, therefore'' || '''It vuda at, &lt;u&gt;av hus&lt;/u&gt; at pia.'''....''He insulted me, &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; I left.''
|-
| '''(gey) ov hus'''....''nevertheless, even so, despite that, yet, however'' || '''At yexa kyotepay, &lt;u&gt;ov hus&lt;/u&gt;, at ujoka.'''....''I work diligently, &lt;u&gt;yet&lt;/u&gt; I failed.''
|-
| '''gel hus / gelay'''....''likewise, also, similarly'' || '''At daze.  &lt;u&gt;Gel hus&lt;/u&gt;, at deuze.'''....''You dance; &lt;u&gt;likewise&lt;/u&gt;, I sing.''
|-
| '''hyiyen''' / '''geyen'''....''in the same way, likewise'' || '''Yit xa fi; &lt;u&gt;hyiyen&lt;/u&gt;, et xo gay fi.'''....''They did well; &lt;u&gt;in the same way&lt;/u&gt;, you will too.''
|-
| '''ogel hus / ogelay'''....''otherwise, else'' || '''Du hes, &lt;u&gt;ogel&lt;/u&gt; hus, piu.'''....''Say something, &lt;u&gt;otherwise&lt;/u&gt;, leave.''
|-
| '''gay'''....''also'' || '''Et yeka; &lt;u&gt;gay&lt;/u&gt;, et ujaka!'''....''You tried; &lt;u&gt;also&lt;/u&gt;, you succeeded!''
|-
| '''be nem (bi hus)'''....''instead (of that)'' || '''Hyot fida iyt; &lt;u&gt;be nem bi hus&lt;/u&gt;, yit fuda iyt.'''....''Nobody praised her; &lt;u&gt;instead&lt;/u&gt;, they badmouthed her.''
|-
| '''huyen'''....''thus, in that way'' || '''Tixu jestay; &lt;u&gt;huyen&lt;/u&gt;, et ujako.'''....''Study diligently; &lt;u&gt;in that way&lt;/u&gt;, you'll succeed.''
|-
| '''husav'''....''for that reason, so, therefore'' || '''At voy ifeyie has; &lt;u&gt;husav&lt;/u&gt;, at pio.'''....''I'm not enjoying it, &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; I will leave.''
|-
| '''vray'''....''as a matter of fact, actually, in fact'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Vray&lt;/u&gt;, et se vyasa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;In fact&lt;/u&gt;, you're right.''
|-
| '''gel jos'''....''consequently, as a consequence'' || '''It baksa; &lt;u&gt;gel jos&lt;/u&gt;, it toja.'''....''He got sick; &lt;u&gt;as a consequence&lt;/u&gt;, he died.''
|-
| '''gel xin'''....''as a result'' || '''At voy tixa; &lt;u&gt;gel xin&lt;/u&gt;, at okuja.'''....''At didn't study; &lt;u&gt;as a result&lt;/u&gt;, I failed.''
|-
| '''ga vyel hus'''....''moreover, what's more'' || '''Mamila.  &lt;u&gt;Ga vyel hus&lt;/u&gt;, esa mamxeus.'''....''It rained.  &lt;u&gt;Moreover&lt;/u&gt;, there was thunder.'' 
|-
| '''be hyua duni'''....''in other words'' || '''At voy da ha vyan; &lt;u&gt;be hyua duni&lt;/u&gt;, at vyoda.'''....''It did not tell the truth; &lt;u&gt;in other words&lt;/u&gt;, I lied.''
|-
| '''jey'''....''meanwhile, in the meantime'' || '''Ha toboti xeya gla xeus; &lt;u&gt;jey&lt;/u&gt;, at jesa tixer.'''....''The children were making a lot of noise; &lt;u&gt;meanwhile&lt;/u&gt;, I continued to study.'' 
|-
| '''ovay'''....''on the contrary'' || '''Ha tam voy se aga; &lt;u&gt;ovay&lt;/u&gt;, has se gle oga.'''....''The house is not big; &lt;u&gt;on the contrary&lt;/u&gt;, it's rather small.''
|-
| '''bi hyua teasgun'''....''on the other hand'' || '''At voy deuze.  &lt;u&gt;Bi byua teagun&lt;/u&gt;, at eke duzar.'''....''I don't sing.  &lt;u&gt;On the other hand&lt;/u&gt;, I play a musical instrument.''
|-
| '''gey bay hus'''....''still, even so'' || '''Voy esa duz, &lt;u&gt;gey&lt;/u&gt; bay hus, ha xej sa ifxea.'''....''There was no music.  &lt;u&gt;Even so&lt;/u&gt;, the event was entertaining.''
|-
| '''ujnay'''....''finally, in the end'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Unjnay&lt;/u&gt;, hyoa fus xwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;In the end&lt;/u&gt;, nothing bad happened.''
|}

== Subordinating Conjunctions ==
: Subordinating Conjunctions introduce three types of dependent or subordinate clauses:
::1. '''''Adjectival''''' subordinate clauses (also called relative clauses)
::::* He is the guy &lt;u&gt;that earned the most this year&lt;/u&gt;.  The subordinate clause modifies a noun in the main clause. Adjectival clauses are introduced in Mirad by the relative complementizer '''hu'''.  Relative clauses are discussed in [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs#Relative Clauses|the Relative Clauses section of the chapter on Verbs]].
::2. '''''Nominal''''' subordinate clauses (also called factive clauses)
::::* I knew &lt;u&gt;that she would come&lt;/u&gt;.  The subordinate clause is the object or complement of a verb in the main clause.  Nominal subordinate clauses are introduced by one of the factive complementizers '''van''', '''ven''', or '''von''', depending on whether the subordinate clause is positive, conditional, or negative.
::3. '''''Adverbial''''' subordinate clauses (also called circumstantial clauses).
::::* Did you see &lt;u&gt;where they went&lt;/u&gt;?.  The subordinate clause is an adverbial clause modifying a verb in the main clause for time, place, manner, and other circumstances.  Adverbial subordinate clauses are introduced by deictic adverbs like ''where'', ''when'', and ''why'' plus the relative complementizer '''hu'''.
===Complementizers===
:: The complementizers above are part of an overall scheme. In the chart below, the six complementizers act:
:::* as a '''''clause linker''''', where the complementizer introduces a clause that is a statement of FACT or CONDITION, or
:::* as a '''''sentence introducer''''', where the complementizer introduces a sentence that is a command/wish, a prohibition, or a yes-no question.  Some of these complementizers can act in either or both roles.  In actuality, all of the complementizers introduce or link a subordinate clause; it's just that in some cases, the main clause is left unexpressed.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Complementizers
|-
! TYPE !! COMPLEMENTIZER !! CLAUSE LINKER !! SENTENCE INTRODUCER
|-
| POSITIVE / HORTATIVE || '''van''' || ''that, the fact that'' || ''May....(something happen), Let....(something happen)''
|-
| CONDITIONAL || '''ven''' || ''if, whether'' || --
|-
| NEGATIVE / PROHIBITIVE || '''von''' || ''lest, that...not'' || ''Don't''
|-
| ANTI-CONDITIONAL || '''oven''' || ''unless'' || --
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''Duven...?''' || -- || ''Is it true that, say whether..., do(es)?''
|-
| RELATIVE || '''hu''' || ''that, which, who(m)'' || --
|}
: Examples of these conjunctions linking a main and subordinate clause:
::* '''At ta &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; et upo.'''....''I knew &lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt; you would come.'' (FACTIVE)
::* '''At xa has av &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; et testu.'''....''I did it &lt;u&gt;so that&lt;/u&gt; you would understand.''
::* '''At voy ta &lt;u&gt;ven&lt;/u&gt; et upo.'''....''I did not know &lt;u&gt;whether&lt;/u&gt; you would come.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ven&lt;/u&gt; et te ha dud, du has.'''....''&lt;u&gt;If&lt;/u&gt; you know the answer, say it.''
::* '''At yufa &lt;u&gt;von&lt;/u&gt; et upu.'''....''I feared &lt;u&gt;lest&lt;/u&gt; you might come.''
::* '''At voy upo &lt;u&gt;oven&lt;/u&gt; et upo gay.'''....''I will not come &lt;u&gt;unless&lt;/u&gt; you come, too.''
::* '''At fe teater ha tob &lt;u&gt;hu&lt;/u&gt; xa his.'''....''I want to see the man &lt;u&gt;who&lt;/u&gt; did this.''
: Example of these conjunctions introducing different types of sentences:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Van&lt;/u&gt; yat fyadilu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Let&lt;/u&gt; us pray.''  (HORTATIVE, i.e., A WISH)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Van&lt;/u&gt; yit teliu avol!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Let&lt;/u&gt; them eat bread.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Van&lt;/u&gt; ha edweb yagteju.'''....''&lt;u&gt;May&lt;/u&gt; the king live long.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; et te ha dud?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Do&lt;/u&gt; you know the answer?'' (YES/NO QUESTION)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; et se tadxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Are&lt;/u&gt; you are married.'' (SAY WHETHER...)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Von&lt;/u&gt; (et) yufu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Don't&lt;/u&gt; (you) be afraid.'' (PROHIBITIVE, i.e., AN INJUNCTION)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Von&lt;/u&gt; hus xwu.'''....''Let that &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; happen.''

: The sentence-initial interrogative complementizer '''Duven''' (''Is it true that?'') is used to introduce a yes/no question.  The word can be analyzed as a command meaning ''Say whether...'' where '''Say...''' is the main clause in the imperative mood.

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; et se tadokyayt?'''....''Are you a widow? (= &lt;u&gt;Say whether&lt;/u&gt; you are...).''

: '''Av van''' &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt; a predicate in the hypothetical mood expresses a &quot;so that, in order that&quot; clause, eg.:

::* '''At uzba ata teb &lt;u&gt;av van&lt;/u&gt; at yafu teater has hu xowe&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;.'''....''I turned my head &lt;u&gt;so that&lt;/u&gt; I could see what was about to happen.''

: Using the negative complementizer, '''von''', the above sentence could be rephrased as:

::* '''At uzba ata teb &lt;u&gt;av von&lt;/u&gt; at teatu has hu xowe.'''....''I turned my head &lt;u&gt;so that&lt;/u&gt; I wouldn't see what was about to happen.''

: Since the subject is the same in both clauses, the sentence could be expressed more easily with an infinitive:

::* '''At uzba ata teb &lt;u&gt;av (~ ov) teater&lt;/u&gt; has hu xowe.'''....''I turned my head &lt;u&gt;so as (not) to see&lt;/u&gt; what was about to happen.''

: * &lt;small&gt;'''xowe''' means ''is about to happen/be done''.  Unlike English, there is no relative sequencing of tenses in conjoined clauses. &quot;''I knew she &lt;u&gt;would&lt;/u&gt; come.''&quot; is rendered in Mirad with direct sequences of tenses, i.e. as &quot;''I knew that she &lt;u&gt;will&lt;/u&gt; come.''&quot;  Also, unlike English, the &quot;that&quot; conjunction cannot be left out: '''At ta &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; iyt upo.'''&lt;/small&gt;

===Conjunctions with the subordinate conjunctions van/ven/von===
:: Conjunctions introducing nominal subordinate clauses consist of a preposition followed by the positive complementizer '''van''', the conditional complementizer '''ven''', or the negative complementizer '''von'''.  English can use a bare preposition as a conjunction, as in the sentence &quot;He will grow up &lt;u&gt;before&lt;/u&gt; you notice it.&quot;  However, Mirad requires the complementizer, much as in French, where &quot;avant&quot; (before) must be accompanied by &quot;que&quot; when followed by a clause (&quot;Il se grandira &lt;u&gt;avant que&lt;/u&gt; tu ne le remarques.&quot;)  Here is a chart showing the most important of these conjunctions:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Subordinating conjunctions with '''van'''
|-
! CONJUNCTION !! EXAMPLE
|-
| '''ja van'''....''before'' || '''Du hay &lt;u&gt;ja van&lt;/u&gt; et pio.'''....''Say hi &lt;u&gt;before&lt;/u&gt; you leave.''
|-
| '''je van'''....''while'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Je van&lt;/u&gt; at so him, at xo gle yex av et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;While&lt;/u&gt; I'm here, I'll do some work for you.''
|-
| '''jo van'''....''after'' || '''At buo et has &lt;u&gt;jo van&lt;/u&gt; et nuso.'''....''I will give it to you &lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; you pay.''
|-
| '''ju van'''....''until'' || '''Yat voy ijo &lt;u&gt;ju van&lt;/u&gt; et puo him.'''....''We won't start &lt;u&gt;until&lt;/u&gt; you get here.''
|-
| '''ji van'''....''since'' || '''At voy teataya huyenas &lt;u&gt;ji van&lt;/u&gt; et sa hum.'''....''I had not seen such a thing &lt;u&gt;since&lt;/u&gt; you were there.''
|-
| '''gey ven'''....''even if'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Gey ven&lt;/u&gt; et yontexe, at bolo et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Even if&lt;/u&gt; you disagree, I'll support you.''
|-
| '''gel ven'''....''as if'' || '''Yat yeyfe axler &lt;u&gt;gel ven&lt;/u&gt; yat teata hos.'''....''We should act &lt;u&gt;as if&lt;/u&gt; we saw nothing.''
|-
| '''gey ov van'''....''even though'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Gey ov van&lt;/u&gt; ha pansin sa gra yaga, at ifia has.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Even though&lt;/u&gt; the movie was too long, I enjoyed it.''
|-
| '''ov van'''....''(al)though'' || '''At po &lt;u&gt;ov van&lt;/u&gt; at voy fe.'''....''I'll go, &lt;u&gt;although&lt;/u&gt; I don't want to.''
|-
| '''av van'''....''so (that)'' || '''It utifbua &lt;u&gt;av van&lt;/u&gt; hyuti teju.'''....''He sacrificed himself &lt;u&gt;so that&lt;/u&gt; others might live.''
|-
| '''av von'''....''lest, so that...not'' || '''It utifbua &lt;u&gt;av von&lt;/u&gt; hyuti toju.'''....''He sacrificed himself &lt;u&gt;so that&lt;/u&gt; others might not die (= ''lest others might die'').''
|}

===Conjunctions with the relative complementizer hu===
:: If the conjunction contains a deictic adverb like ''where'', ''when'', ''how'', etc., then the relative complementizer '''hu''' is attached, as in the following examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Subordinating Conjunctions with '''hu'''
|-
! CONJUNCTION !! CIRCUMSTANCE !! EXAMPLES
|-
| '''haj hu'''....''when''&lt;br&gt;(Lit: the time that...) || TIME ||'''&lt;u&gt;Haj hu&lt;/u&gt; et pua, ha iv ija.'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; you arrived, the fun began.''
|-
| '''hyej hu'''....''whenever''&lt;br&gt;(Lit: any time that...) || TIME ||'''&lt;u&gt;Hyej hu&lt;/u&gt; et dale, at hihide.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Whenever&lt;/u&gt; you talk, I laugh.''
|-
| '''ham hu'''....''where''&lt;br&gt;(Lit: the place that...) || PLACE || '''At voy te &lt;u&gt;ham hu&lt;/u&gt; it pa.'''....''I don't know &lt;u&gt;where&lt;/u&gt; he went.'' 
|-
| '''hyem hu'''....''wherever''&lt;br&gt;(Lit: whatever place that...)|| PLACE || '''Et yafe per &lt;u&gt;hyem hu&lt;/u&gt; et fu.'''....''You can go &lt;u&gt;wherever&lt;/u&gt; you'd like.''
|-
| '''hasav hu'''....''why''&lt;br&gt;(Lit: for the thing that...) || CAUSE || '''Duven et te &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it xa his?'''....''Do you know &lt;u&gt;why&lt;/u&gt; he did it?''
|-
| '''hasav hu'''....''because''&lt;br&gt;(Lit: for the thing that...)|| CAUSE || '''It xa has &lt;u&gt;hasav hu&lt;/u&gt; it fa teatuer yat hes.'''....''He did it &lt;u&gt;because&lt;/u&gt; he wanted to show us something.''
|-
| '''hayen hu'''....''how, as''&lt;br&gt;(Lit: the way that...) || MANNER || '''Xu &lt;u&gt;hayen hu&lt;/u&gt; et fu van hyuti axlu ub et.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;as&lt;/u&gt; you'd want others to act toward you.''
|-
| '''hyegla hu'''....''however much''&lt;br&gt;(Lit: however much that...)|| DEGREE || '''Dalu &lt;u&gt;hyegla hu&lt;/u&gt; et efo.'''....''Talk &lt;u&gt;however much&lt;/u&gt; you need to.''
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Prepositions|Interjections}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6qznj0kx8mssra1o1iwvw2p4galjlur</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Interjections</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417652</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088244</id>
      <parentid>4085978</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:22:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6230" xml:space="preserve">= Interjections  =
: Interjections in Mirad include the assertive expressions ''yes'', ''no'' and ''maybe'':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Common Assertive Interjections
|-
| '''Va!''' || ''Yes!''
|-
| '''Ve!''' || ''Maybe!, Perhaps!''
|-
| '''Vo!'''* || ''No!''
|}
: &lt;small&gt;* Not to be confused with '''voy''', which translates the English adverb '''not''', as in '''Vo, wit &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; se tadxwa.'''....''No, he is &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; married.''&lt;/small&gt;
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Va&lt;/u&gt;.  At se otadxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Yes&lt;/u&gt;.  I am unmarried.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Va&lt;/u&gt;.  At se vay otadxwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Yes&lt;/u&gt;.  I am indeed/really unmarried.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Va&lt;/u&gt;, vay.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Yes&lt;/u&gt;, indeed.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Va&lt;/u&gt; ay vo. Hus vey se vyaa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Yes&lt;/u&gt; and no.  That may be true.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Va&lt;/u&gt; ey vo?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Yes&lt;/u&gt; or no?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ve&lt;/u&gt;.  At te voy valay.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Maybe&lt;/u&gt;.  I don't know for sure.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Vo&lt;/u&gt;.  At voy vatexe et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt;.  I don't believe you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Vo&lt;/u&gt;!  Dilwe von xu hus.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt;!  Please don't do that.''
::* '''Et se Amerikama, &lt;u&gt;vao&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''You're American, &lt;u&gt;yes or no&lt;/u&gt;?''
::* '''Ven &lt;u&gt;va&lt;/u&gt;, (van et) xu has.'''....''If &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt;, (let you) do it.''
::* '''Ven &lt;u&gt;vo&lt;/u&gt;, von (et) xu has.'''....''If &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt;, don't (you) do it.''

: There are also some hybrid combinations of the above assertive expressions:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hybrid Interjections
|-
| '''Vao?''' || ''Yes or no?''
|-
| '''Vea!''' || ''Maybe so!''
|-
| '''Veo!'''* || ''Maybe not!''
|}
: Other interjections include greetings and non-vulgar expletives:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Greetings
|-
| INITIAL GREETING || '''hay!''' || ''Hello!, Hi!''
|-
| VOCATIVE GREETING || '''hey!''' || ''Hey!, O!, Oh!''
|-
| TERMINAL GREETING || '''hoy!''' || ''Goodbye!, Bye!''
|-
| PROXIMAL SPECIFIER || '''hiy!''' || ''Voici!, Here is...''
|-
| DISTAL SPECIFIER || '''huy!''' || ''Voila!', There is...''
|-
| POSITIVE EXCLAMATION || '''hyay!''' || ''Great! Wow!, Bravo!, Woopee!, Hurrah!''
|-
| SURPRISE EXCLAMATION || '''hyey!''' || ''What a...!, Oh!, Well!''
|-
| NEGATIVE EXCLAMATION || '''hyoy!''' || ''What a pity!, It's a shame!, Woe is...!, Darn it!, Yikes!, Boo!''
|-
| EXPRESSION OF THANKS || '''hway!&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;''' || ''Thanks!''
|-
| EXPRESSION OF WELCOME || '''hwey!''' || ''You're welcome!'', ''Please''
|-
| EXPRESSION OF SORROW || '''hwoy!''' || ''Sorry!'', ''Excuse me!''
|-
| EXPRESSION OF FUN || '''hwiy!''' || ''Whee!'', ''O la la!''
|-
| EXPRESSION OF PAIN || '''hwuy!''' || ''Ouch!'', ''Ow!'', ''That hurts!''
|-
| LAUGHTER || '''hihi!''' || ''Ha ha!'', ''Hee hee''
|-
| CRYING || '''huhu!''' || ''Boo hoo!'', ''Woe is me!''
|-
| ADMIRATION || '''waw!&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''' || ''Wow!'', ''What a show!''
|-
| DISGUST || '''wow!'''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; || ''Yuck!'', ''Eeoow!'', ''Gross!''
|}

: &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;Pronounced like English ''why''.  Mirad '''hw''' is pronounced like English '''wh'''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;Pronounced like English ''wow''.&lt;/small&gt;
: &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;Pronounced like English ''woe''.&lt;/small&gt;


: Examples:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hay&lt;/u&gt;!  Ata dyun se Johan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hi&lt;/u&gt;!  My name is John.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hey&lt;/u&gt;, Johan!  Hoyen et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hey&lt;/u&gt;, John, how are you doing?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hey&lt;/u&gt;, Tot!'''....''&lt;u&gt;O&lt;/u&gt;, God!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoy&lt;/u&gt;.  At teato et zajub.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Bye&lt;/u&gt;.  I will see you tomorrow.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiy&lt;/u&gt; ha dyen et dila.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Here's&lt;/u&gt; the book you requested.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiy&lt;/u&gt; Tobyan.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Behold&lt;/u&gt; Man. (&lt;u&gt;Ecce&lt;/u&gt; Homo).''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiy&lt;/u&gt; ata dyundraf.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Here's&lt;/u&gt; my caling card.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huy&lt;/u&gt;! Se xwa.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Voil&amp;agrave;&lt;/u&gt;!  It's done.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Huy&lt;/u&gt; hos at yaka.'''....''&lt;u&gt;There's&lt;/u&gt; what I expected.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyay&lt;/u&gt; et!'''....''Good for you!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyay&lt;/u&gt;! Et utnaze his.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Bravo&lt;/u&gt;!  You deserve this.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hway&lt;/u&gt;! Et sa gla fitipa.'''.....''&lt;u&gt;Thanks.&lt;/u&gt;!  You were very kind.''
::* '''At fu &lt;u&gt;hwayder&lt;/u&gt; et.'''....''I'd like to &lt;u&gt;congratulate&lt;/u&gt; you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwey&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''&lt;u&gt;You're welcome&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Et efe &lt;u&gt;hwoyder&lt;/u&gt; at.'''....''You need to &lt;u&gt;apologize&lt;/u&gt; to me.''
::* '''Fi. &lt;u&gt;Hwoy&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Ok. &lt;u&gt;I'm sorry&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyey&lt;/u&gt; via imaj!''' ....''&lt;u&gt;Oh, what a&lt;/u&gt; beautiful morning!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyey&lt;/u&gt; At ta voy van et upo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Oh!&lt;/u&gt;  I didn't know you were coming.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyoy&lt;/u&gt; at.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Woe&lt;/u&gt; is me.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyoy&lt;/u&gt;! Ga fia fikyen jonay.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Pity!&lt;/u&gt;.  Better luck next time.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwoy.&lt;/u&gt; At yefe hyoder et.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Sorry&lt;/u&gt;.  I must take leave of you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hihi!&lt;/u&gt;  Hus sa gla diza.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ha ha&lt;/u&gt;! That was very funny.''
::* '''Von &lt;u&gt;hihidu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Don't &lt;u&gt;laugh&lt;/u&gt;.''

: Vulgar expletives are not offered here, but may arise naturally in daily speech.

: Note: The English expression ''Please'' can be expressed in various ways:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hwey&lt;/u&gt;! Yepu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Please&lt;/u&gt;! Come in.''  ('''Hwey''' can also mean ''you're welcome'' in answer to ''thank-you''.
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Diwe&lt;/u&gt; von (et) tyopu ab ha vaz.'''....''Please (= &lt;u&gt;it is requested&lt;/u&gt;) don't walk on the grass.'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Diwe van&lt;/u&gt; et yanupu yat.'''....''Please (= &lt;u&gt;it is asked that&lt;/u&gt;) join us.'''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Diwe&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Please&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Xu (at) (ha) fis bi&lt;/u&gt; yubeler at hua tyoyafi.'''....''Please (= &lt;u&gt;do (me) (the) favor of&lt;/u&gt;) bring me those shoes.''
: Stronger forms of ''please'' include '''dilwe'''....''it is requested'' or '''dirwe'''....''it is begged''.
: Many of the interjections in this section can be made into verbs with the addition of '''-der''' (''to utter''), eg.:

::* '''hayder'''....''greet, say hi''
::* '''heyder'''....''address, call out to, wave down''
::* '''hoyder'''....''say goodbye to''
::* '''hyayder'''....''congratulate''
::* '''hwayder'''....''thank''
::* '''hwoyder'''....''apologize, excuse oneself, say you're sorry''
::* '''hihider'''....''laugh''
::* '''huhuder'''....''hiss''
::* '''vaoder'''....''decide''

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Conjunctions|Hybrids |TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kipp115rt3r3491d6pgxxnkirdozo3h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Hybrids</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417653</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088243</id>
      <parentid>4085980</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:21:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5036" xml:space="preserve">= Hybrids  =
: There is a class of words in Mirad which are called '''''hybrids''''', i.e. cross-combinations of opposite words that mean ''something &lt;u&gt;and&lt;/u&gt; something else'' or ''something &lt;u&gt;or&lt;/u&gt; something else''.  For example, in English, ''swinging'' is &quot;moving BACK-AND-FORTH&quot;, or, questions can be of the type &quot;YES-OR-NO&quot;.  The vowels in these directionals are, for euphonic purposes, '''ao''', '''eo''', or '''ui'''.  These alternating expressions are often used as adverbs or verbal prefixes.  Here is an incomplete list of such expressions, the elements decomposed,  and examples of their usage:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hybrid Expressions
|- style=&quot;valign:top&quot;
! HYBRID !! DECOMPOSITION !! EXAMPLES
|- valign=top
| '''aob'''....''off-and-on'' || '''ab'''....''on''&lt;br&gt;'''ob'''....''off'' || '''aoper'''....''get on and off''&lt;br&gt;'''aober'''....''take on and off''
|-
| '''bui'''....''to-and-fro'' / ''give-and-take'' || '''bu'''....''to''&lt;br&gt;'''bi'''....''from''&lt;br&gt;'''bu-'''....''give''&lt;br&gt;'''bi-'''....''take'' || '''buinax'''....''round trip fare''&lt;br&gt;'''buipar'''....''shuttle bus''&lt;br&gt;'''buier'''....''trade''
|-
| '''gao'''....''more-or-less'' || '''ga'''....''more''&lt;br&gt;'''go'''....''less'' || '''gao'''....''more-or-less''
|-
| '''huim'''....''here-and-there'' || '''hum'''....''there''&lt;br&gt;'''him'''....''here'' || '''huimpoper'''....''travel here and yon''
|-
| '''huis'''....''this-and-that'' || '''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt;'''his'''....''this'' || '''huisbier'''....''select between this and that''
|-
| '''hyaos'''....''all-or-nothing'' || '''hyas'''....''everything''&lt;br&gt;'''hyos'''....''nothing'' || '''hyaoson'''....''all-or-nothing matter''
|-
| '''hyuit'''....''one another'' || '''hyut'''....''another''&lt;br&gt;'''hyit'''....''the same person'' || '''hyuita'''....''mutual''&lt;br&gt;'''hyuitifer'''....''love one another''
|-
| '''teoj'''....''life-or/and-death'' || '''tej'''....''life''&lt;br&gt;'''toj'''....''death'' || '''teoja ebyem'''....''life-and-death situation''
|-
| '''ui'''....''east-west'' || '''i'''....''east''&lt;br&gt;'''u'''....''west'' || '''uimera'''....''east-west''&lt;br&gt;
'''uinab'''....''row''&lt;br&gt;'''uinada'''....''horizontal''
|-
| '''uiz'''....''straight and crooked'' || '''uz'''....''crooked''&lt;br&gt;'''iz'''....''straight'' || '''uizpaser'''....''careen, stagger''
|-
| '''uib'''....''toward and away'' || '''ub'''....''toward''&lt;br&gt;'''ib'''....''away'' || '''uipeni'''....''comings and goings''
|-
| '''uij'''....''stop and start'' || '''uj'''....''end''&lt;br&gt;'''ij'''....''beginning'' || '''uijbar'''....''on-off switch''
|-
| '''uig'''....''fast and slow'' || '''uga'''....''slow''&lt;br&gt;'''iga'''....''fast'' || '''uigpar'''....''scooter''
|-
| '''vao'''....''yes-and-no'' / ''yes-or-now'' || '''va'''....''yes''&lt;br&gt;'''vo'''....''no'' || '''vaoder'''....''decide''&lt;br&gt;'''vaotexer'''....''wonder''&lt;br&gt;'''vaodid'''....''yes-or-no question''
|-
| '''yuij'''....''open-and-shut'' || '''yuja'''....''closed''&lt;br&gt;'''yija'''....''open'' || '''yuija'''....''open-and-shut''&lt;br&gt;'''milyuijar'''....''water faucet''&lt;br&gt;'''manyuijar'''....''light switch''&lt;br&gt;'''teabyuijer'''....''blink''
|-
| '''yaob'''....''up-and-down'' || '''yab'''....''up''&lt;br&gt;'''yob'''....''down'' || '''yaobur'''....''elevator (up-and-down taker)''&lt;br&gt; '''yaopyaser'''....''jump up and down''
|-
| '''aoyeb'''....''in-and-out'' || '''ayeb&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''in''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''aoyebar'''....''piston'' (in-and-out-device)
|-
| '''zao'''....''front-and-back, back and forth'' || '''za'''....''front''&lt;br&gt;'''zo'''....''back'' || '''zaobaser'''....''rock''&lt;br&gt; '''zaopaser'''....''swing''
|-
| '''zui'''....''left-and-right'' || '''zu'''....''left''&lt;br&gt;'''zi'''....''right'' || &lt;br&gt;'''zuibaser'''....''wobble''&lt;br&gt;'''zuipaser'''....''zigzag''
|-
| '''maolz-'''....''white or black color'' || '''malza'''....''white''&lt;br&gt;'''molza'''....''black'' || '''maolza'''....''gray''
|-
| '''yaov'''....''innocent or guilty'' || '''yav-'''....''innocent''&lt;br&gt;'''yov-'''....''guilty'' ||'''yaovyek'''....''trial (Lit: innocent-guilty-test)''
|-
| '''zyui'''....''round or flat'' || '''zyu-'''....''round''&lt;br&gt;'''zyi-'''....''flat'' || '''zyuis'''....''oval, ellipse''
|-
| '''zui-'''....''left or right'' || '''zu-'''....''left''&lt;br&gt;'''zi-'''....''right'' || '''zuituyaba'''....''ambidextrous''
|-
| '''yuij-'''....''open or close'' || '''yuj-'''....''close''&lt;br&gt;'''yij'''....''open'' || '''yuijar'''....''valve''
|-
| '''uip-'''....''come and go'' || '''up-'''....''come''&lt;br&gt;'''ip-'''....''go, leave'' || '''mimuip'''....''tide (Lit: sea-come-go)''
|}

: &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;This is a long form of '''yeb''' (''in'') that contrasts with '''oyeb''' (''out'').&lt;/small&gt;

: Keep in mind that if a hybrid word ends in '''b''', the '''b''' assimilates by dropping from '''per''' (''to go'') and '''ber''' (''to put'') words, eg:
::* '''ao&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;''' + '''ber''' = '''aober'''
::* '''ui&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;''' + '''per''' = '''uiper'''

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Interjections|Greetings  |TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>eshgrpxlz49eeyfv32hsvagfsrd5o8h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Greetings</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088242</id>
      <parentid>4087414</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:21:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1954" xml:space="preserve">= Greetings =
: Here are some common greetings:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Common Greetings
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Hay!''' || ''Hello!''
|-
| '''Hey!''' || ''Hey!'', ''Oh...!''
|-
| '''Hoy!''' || ''Bye!''
|-
| '''Hiy...''' || ''Here is / Here comes... / Voici''
|-
| '''Huy...''' || ''There's... / There goes... / Voila''
|- 
| '''Hyay!''' || ''Great! / Good for you! / Congratulations!''
|-
| '''Hyey!''' || ''Oh my! / Goodness gracious! / Well!''
|-
| '''Hyoy!''' || ''Too bad! / What a shame! / Sorry!''
|- 
| '''Hway!'''* || ''Thanks!''
|-
| '''Hwey!''' || ''Your're welcome! / That's ok.''
|-
| '''Hwoy!''' || ''Sorry!'''
|-
| '''Fijub!'''&lt;br&gt;'''Fimaj!''' || ''Good day!''
|-
| '''Fijwamaj!''' || ''Good morning!'' (Lit: ''good early daytime'')
|-
| '''Fijwomaj!''' || ''Good afternoon!'' (Lit: ''good late daytime'')
|-
| '''Fijwamoj!''' || ''Good evening!'' (Lit: ''good early nighttime'')
|-
| '''Fimoj!''' || ''Good night!''
|-
| '''Duhayen et xeye?'''&lt;br&gt;'''Duhayen et se?''' || ''How are you?'' (Lit. ''How are you doing?'' or ''How are you?'')
|-
| '''Fi. Ay et?''' || ''Fine. And you?''
|-
| '''Iftaxwo.'''&lt;br&gt;'''Hway.'''&lt;br&gt;'''Fifi''' || ''Thank-you.'' (Lit. ''(It) will be fondly remembered.'')&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;(Lit: good wishes)
|-
| '''Toxu.'''&lt;br&gt;'''Hwey.''' || ''You're welcome.'' (Lit. ''Forget (it).'')
|-
| '''Diwe.''' || ''Please.'' (Lit. ''It is asked.'')
|-
| '''Yovobu (at).'''&lt;br&gt;'''Hwoy.''' || ''Excuse (me). / Sorry!''
|-
| '''Fipop!''' || ''Bon voyage!''
|-
| '''Su valka!''' || ''Be safe!''
|-
| '''Igbaksu!''' || ''Get well soon!''
|-
| '''Yanivtos!'''&lt;br&gt;'''Hway!''' || ''Congratulations!'' (Lit: together-happy-feeling)
|-
| '''Iva Tajjub!''' || ''Happy Birthday!''
|-
| '''Yanuvtos!'''&lt;br&gt;'''Hwoy!''' || ''My condolences!'' (Lit: together-sad-feeling)
|}
: * &lt;small&gt;Pronounced like English ''why''.&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Hybrids|Vocabulary Formation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1h4qf11rhhdscrkwy5lpvouryttje03</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417655</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088241</id>
      <parentid>4087418</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:20:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="170530" xml:space="preserve">= Vocabulary Formation  =
: In order to facilitate word-building and to maximize comprehension and decipherability of words, certain meanings and functions have been attached to consonants and vowels.
 
: The vocabulary of Mirad is composed of '''''base words''''' and '''''derived words'''''.
=== Guiding Principles for Vocabulary Formation ===
: The vocabulary is built on '''''base words''''', that is, indivisible, building-block words. The choice of the root of these words (formed generally from two or three letters) is determined by:

::* The meaning of each letter of the word.
::* The importance of the group of ideas that this word evokes in its proper sense and in the sense that is directly opposite it, eg.: ''fixed'' vs. ''variable''.
::* How frequently the word and its derivations are used in the language.
::* The geometric system of vocabulary construction (see a later section on what this is all about).
::* The logic of its composition.
::* The mnemonic associations this word suggests.

: The words derived from base words in turn follow very simple laws called '''''vocabulary-building rules''''', which are spelled out below.
=== Base Words ===
: '''''Base words''''' are elements of vocabulary that cannot be broken down any further and which serve as the basis for many derived words in the language.  Base words are divided into two groups:

::* Group 1:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;consisting of '''''nouns'''''
::* Group 2:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;consisting of  '''''prepositions, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, determiners, and verbs'''''.

:: '''''Base words of the Group 1''''' (nouns) are composed of three letters:

:::* The first, a consonant called the '''''classifier'''''
:::* The second, a vowel&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; called the '''''ordinal'''''
:::* The third, a consonant called the '''''generic'''''

:: Examples:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Base Word Composition
|-
! CLASSIFIER !! ORDINAL !! GENERIC !! MEANING
|-
| '''t''' || '''o''' || '''b''' || ''man''
|-
| '''d''' || '''o''' || '''t''' || ''society''
|-
| '''p''' || '''o''' || '''t''' || ''tree''
|}

:&lt;small&gt;Note 1: A bit of a misnomer.  The vowel is really one in a range of cardinal numbers from 0 - 9 ('''a''' - '''yu''') See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Cardinal Numbers|Cardinal Numbers]]).  For example, in Group 1 base words, the ordinal is often the vowel '''o''', the zeroth number.  Many of the ordinal vowels are just cardinal numbers 0-9 ('''o'''-'''yu''').&lt;/small&gt;

:: '''''Base words of Group 2''''' (everything but nouns) are composed of one or two letters, not including grammatical endings.  If one letter, it is a consonant or sometimes a vowel(*).  If two letters, they  consist of a consonant + vowel combination or a vowel + consonant combination.  Here are some examples (the hyphen at the end means that the base word does not stand alone, but is followed in usage by a grammaticatical ending such as '''-er''' (verb infinitive) or '''-a''' (adjective marker):

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Some Examples of Group 2 Base Words
| '''b-'''....''put'' || '''p-'''....''go''
|-
| '''s-'''....''be'' || '''x-'''....''do''
|-
| '''d-'''....''say'' || '''t-'''....''know''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''ob'''....''off''
|-
|'''bu'''....''to'' || '''bi'''....''from''
|-
|'''if-'''....''love'' || '''uf-'''....''hate''
|-
|'''fi-'''....''good'' || '''fu-'''....''bad''
|-
|'''va'''....''yes''  || '''vo'''....''no''
|-
|'''vya&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;-'''....''true'' || '''vyo-'''....''false''
|- 
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''o'''....''zero''
|}

:: * As mentioned above, &quot;vowel&quot; in this case includes those preceded and/or followed by one of the glides '''y''' or '''w'''.  So, for purposes here, '''ya''', '''ye''', '''yi''', '''yo''', '''yu''', '''wa''', and other pre- and post-glided vowels, are considered &quot;vowels&quot;.


==== Consonants and Their Meanings ====
:: The classifier (initial letter) and generic (final letter) in group 1 base words (nouns) are consonants.  Also, group 2 base words almost always have one consonant.  So, you need to be familiar with the general meaning of the consonants in the Mirad alphabet, as shown in the following chart:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonants and Their Meanings
|-
! CONSONANT !! GROUP 1 CLASSIFIER !! GROUP 1 GENERIC !!  GROUP 2 CLASSIFIER !! IN NUMBERS
|-
| '''b''' || organ, health || organism || gesture, position ||
|-
| '''d''' || society || family || communicating || 
|-
| '''f''' || vegetation || textile, clothing || volition, attributes || 
|-
| '''g''' || -- || measurement || quantity, attributes || 
|-
| '''j''' || time || time || time || 
|-
| '''k''' ||  -- || health || change, risk, attributes || 
|-
| '''l''' ||  -- || element, food, liquid || -- || ten
|-
| '''m''' || nature || place, building, furniture, metal || temperature, light || '''ml''' = million&lt;br&gt;'''mr''' = billion
|-
| '''n''' || commerce || -- || -- ||
|-
| '''p''' || animal, vehicle || motion  || movement || 
|-
| '''r''' || -- || tool, machine  || -- || thousand
|-
| '''s''' || form, image, furniture || thing  || being, form, thing || hundred
|-
| '''t''' || human, body || person, animal || intelligence, knowing || 
|-
| '''v''' || plant, color || linen || truth, attributes ||
|-
| '''x''' || -- || --  || action, doing, making ||
|-
| '''z''' || -- || precious, art || spatial, attributes || 
|}

: The following consonants have semantic functions rather than, or in addition to semantic values:

::* '''l''' and '''r''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  Liquids used after vowels to intensify the semantics of a word, eg.: '''baer'''....''to lean'', '''baler'''....''to press'', '''barer'''....''to crush'';
::* '''y''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Glide used 1) before a stem vowel to intensify the semantics of a word, eg. '''voa'''....''negative'' -&gt; '''vyoa'''....''false'', or 2) after a vowel to de-intensify the semantics of a word, eg. '''ama'''....''hot'' -&gt; '''ayma'''....''warm''.
::* '''h''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Used functionally only in certain interjections like '''hoy'''....''goodbye'', conjunctions like '''ven'''....''if'', and determiners like '''his'''....''this'', and has no semantic value.
::* '''w''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  Has no semantic value of its own, but is used only 1) to form the masculine gender of nouns and pronouns, eg. '''tob'''....''person'' -&gt; '''twob'''....''man'', or 2) to form the passive voice of verbs, eg. '''uber'''....''to send'' -&gt; '''ubwer'''....''to be sent'', or 3) to form a numerical unit marker, eg. '''awa'''....''one'', or 4) sometimes to substitute for '''y''' when this letter would cause ambiguity or difficulty in pronunciation with other consonants eg. '''jwo'''....''late'', instead of '''jyo'''. 
::* '''n''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  In addition to its semantic values, functions often 1) as a buffer letter, as in '''ana'''....''only'', or 2) as a suffix to derive a nominal abstraction from an adjective, such as '''fian'''....''goodness'' from '''fia'''....''good'', or from a verb, such '''axnen'''....''behaving'' from '''axner'''....''to behave''.

==== Vowels and Their Meanings ====
: Vowels in Mirad have meanings or values of the following types:
::* numeric
::* geo-specific
::* oppositional
::* positional
::* vectorial
::* special

===== Numerical Vowel Values =====
:: The numeric value of vowels is shown in the chart below.  The vowels beginning with '''y''' are considered pre-y-glided vowels.  These numeric values serve as the &quot;ordinal vowel&quot; in base words.  See the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Vowels|Vowels]].

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Numeric Values of Vowels
|-
! ORDINAL VOWEL !! '''o''' !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''u''' !! '''yo''' !! '''ya''' !! '''ye''' !! '''yi''' !! '''yu'''
|-
| ORDINAL NUMBER || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 
|-
| ORDINAL NUMERAL || ''zero'' || ''one'' || ''two'' || ''three'' || ''four'' || ''five'' || ''six'' || ''seven'' || ''eight'' || ''nine''
|}

===== Ordinal Vowel Values =====
:: These '''''ordinal vowels''''' can be used as the stem vowel in base words that form a scalar, hierarchical, or taxonomic series, eg.:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Scalar Values
|-
! '''0''' !! '''1''' !! '''2''' !! '''3''' !! '''4''' !! '''5'''
|-
| '''o''' = 0 || '''a''' = 1 || '''e''' = 2|| '''i''' = 3|| '''u''' = 4|| '''5''' = '''ya'''
|-
| '''tob'''&lt;br&gt;''human'' || '''tab'''&lt;br&gt;''body'' || '''teb'''&lt;br&gt;''head'' || '''tib'''&lt;br&gt;''trunk'' || '''tub'''&lt;br&gt;''arm'' || '''tyob'''&lt;br&gt;''leg''
|-
| '''fob'''&lt;br&gt;''vegetation''|| '''fab'''&lt;br&gt;''tree'' ||'''feb'''&lt;br&gt;''fruit''||'''fib'''&lt;br&gt;''trunk''||'''fub'''&lt;br&gt;''branch''||'''fyob'''&lt;br&gt;''root''
|-
| '''vob'''&lt;br&gt;''plant''|| '''vab'''&lt;br&gt;''grass'' ||'''veb'''&lt;br&gt;''tuft/ear''||'''vib'''&lt;br&gt;''stem''||'''vub'''&lt;br&gt;''twig''||'''vyob'''&lt;br&gt;''tuber''
|}

===== Geo-specific Vowel Values =====
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Geo-specific Vowel Values
|-
!  VOWEL !! MEANING !! EXAMPLE BASE WORD !! EXAMPLE BASE WORD !! EXAMPLE BASE WORD
|-
| align=center | '''o''' || ''outer space, top level'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''orbit'' || '''mom'''....''outer space''|| '''mol'''....''nature''
|-
| align=center | '''a''' || ''air, gas, sky'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''wind'' || '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''mal'''....''air''
|-
| align=center | '''e''' || ''ground'', ''soil'', ''solid'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''road'' || '''mem'''....''land''|| '''mel'''....''soil''
|-
| align=center |  '''i''' || ''liquid'', ''water'', ''sea'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''river'' || '''mim'''....''sea''|| '''mil'''....''water''
|-
| align=center | '''u''' || ''underground'', ''mineral'', ''substance'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''tunnel''|| '''mum'''....''underground''  || '''mul'''....''mineral''
|}

===== Oppositional Vowel Values =====
: In Group 2 words:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Oppositional Vowel Values
|-
| '''a'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ya''' || intermediate  || '''i'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yi'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;⇑&lt;/big&gt; positive&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;⇓&lt;/big&gt;negative || '''e'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ye''' || &lt;big&gt;⇑&lt;/big&gt; positive&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;⇓&lt;/big&gt;negative
|-
| '''o'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yo''' || value || '''u'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yu'''
|}

::* positive '''a''' constasts with negative '''o'''
::* positive '''ya''' contracts with negative '''yo'''
::* positive '''i''' contracts with negative '''u'''
::* positive '''yi''' contracts with negative '''yu'''
::* '''e''' and '''ye''' are in-between values

===== Directional and Positional Vowel Values =====
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Positional Vowel Values
|-
|  || '''a'''  || 
|-
| '''u''' || '''e''' || '''i'''
|-
|  || '''o''' || 
|}
:::'''a'''....''on, above, north''
:::'''e'''....''center, middle, equator''
:::'''o'''....''off, below, south''
:::'''i'''....''right, east''
:::'''u'''....''left, west''

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Directional and Positional Vowel Values
|-
| colspan=8 align=center | '''A'''
|-
| rowspan=6 align=center | '''U''' ||  || '''a'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' ||'''ya'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; ||  || rowspan=6 align=center | '''I''' 
|-
| '''u''' → || || '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;'''||'''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' || || → '''i'''
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || ||'''e''' ||'''ye''' || || '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || || colspan=2 align=center| '''E'''  || || '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| '''yu''' → || || || || || → '''yi'''
|-
|  || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''o''' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; || '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''yo''' || 
|-
| colspan=8 align=center| '''O'''
|}

:: Explanation of the above chart:

:::* If the vowel is capitalized, it indicates a '''''positional''''' value. It is used in its lowercase spelling as a prefix in Group I words.
:::* The non-capitalized vowels (including y-glides) indicate '''''directional''''' values.
:::* If the vowel is underlined, it means that it is placed '''''before''''' the classifier consonant (prefixed) in verbs
:::* Otherwise, a normal vowel means that it is placed '''''after''''' the classifier consonant (infixed) in Group 2 words.  

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;
|+ Explanation of the Vowel Meanings Chart
|-
| '''A''' || position || || on, above, north || '''amer'''....''north''
|-
| '''a''' || movement || (free) || ''on'' || '''baer'''....''lean''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''onto''||'''aber'''....''put on''
|-
| '''ya''' || movement || (free) || ''up, ascend''|| '''byaer'''....''lift''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''up, get up, set up''|| '''yaber'''....''raise''
|-
| '''O''' || position || || under, lower, south|| '''omer'''....''south''
|-
| '''o''' || movement || (free) || ''off''|| '''boer'''....''hang''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''on the bottom of, underneath''|| '''oper'''....''get off''
|-
| '''yo''' || movement || (free) || ''down''|| '''pyoser'''....''fall''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''fall''|| '''yoper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''U''' || position || || left, west|| '''umer'''....''west''
|-
| '''u''' || movement || (free) || ''move toward the center, come''|| '''uber'''....''send''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''reach the center, arrive''|| '''pyuer'''....''reach''
|-
| '''yu''' || movement || (free) || ''near, approach''|| '''yuber'''....''approach''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''near, reach''|| '''byuser'''....''touch''
|-
| '''I''' || position || || right, east|| '''imer'''....''east''
|-
| '''i''' || movement || (free) || ''from the center out, go away''|| '''pier'''....''go away''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from the center out, leave''|| '''iper'''....''leave''
|-
| '''yi''' || movement || (free) || ''away, go far''|| '''yiper'''....''go far''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from afar, originate''|| '''pyiser'''....''originate''
|-
| '''E''' || position || || center, equator|| '''emer'''....''equator''
|-
| '''e''' || rest ||  || ''between''|| '''eb'''....''between''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;''' || rest ||  || ''at, stay, hold''|| '''bexer'''....''hold''
|-
| '''ye''' || movement ||  || ''in, into, enter''|| '''yeper'''....''enter''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' ||  ||(contact)  || ''contain''|| '''byeer'''....''contain''
|}

:: '''''Special value of certain vowels'''''

: The prefixes '''a-''' or '''an-''' meaning ''one, sole, singular'' contrast with
: the prefixes '''ya-''' or '''yan-''' meaning ''collection, plural''.
: Also, the prefix '''yan-''' meaning ''together'' contrasts with '''yon-'''....''apart''.

==== The Meaning of Group 1 Base Words ====
:: The meaning of the base words of Group 1 comes from the combination of the values of the classifier and the generic consonants.  
:: The ordinal vowel of those Group 1 base words has a 1) scalar/hierachical, 2) geo-spatial, 3) or mnemonic value.
=====Scalar Arrangement=====
:: In the following chart the ordinal vowel '''o''', which is also the cardinal number zero, is the zeroth element of a descending hierarchy of terms. Therefore these noun clusters are called '''''scalar''''': 
:: Examples:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Group 1 Zeroth-level Scalar Base Words and Meanings of the Consonants
|-
! BASE WORD !! CLASSIFIER CONSONANT !! GENERIC CONSONANT
|-
| '''tob'''....''person'' || '''t''' = ''human'' || '''b''' = ''organism''
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothing'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''f''' = ''fabric''
|-
| '''tod'''....''family'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''society''
|-
| '''tom'''....''building'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''m''' = ''place''
|-
| '''tov'''....''lingerie'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''v''' = ''linen''
|-
| '''tol'''....''nourishment'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''l''' = ''food''
|-
| '''top'''....''soul, spirit'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''motion''
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''d''' = ''society'' || '''b''' = ''organism''
|-
| '''dop'''....''military'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''movement''
|-
| '''dot'''....''society'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''t''' = ''human''
|-
| '''dom'''....''city''  || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''m''' = ''place''
|-
| '''job'''....''time'' || '''j''' = ''time'' || '''b'''....''organism''
|-
| '''fob'''....''vegetation'' || '''f''' = ''vegetable'' || '''b''' = ''organism''
|-
| '''vob'''....''crop'' || '''v''' = ''plant'' || '''b''' = ''organism''
|-
| '''vos'''....''flower'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''s''' = ''thing''
|-
| '''volz'''....''color'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''z''' = ''art, precious''
|- 
| '''som'''....''furniture'' || '''s''' = ''thing'' || '''m''' = ''place''
|-
| '''mos'''....''masonry'' || '''m''' = ''place, nature'' || '''s''' = ''thing''
|-
| '''mor'''....''universe'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''r''' = ''machine, system''
|-
|- '''mom'''....''outer space'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''m''' = ''place''
|-
| '''mol'''....''nature'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''l''' = ''substance''
|-
| '''mop'''....''orbit'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''movement''
|-
| '''pot'''....''animal'' || '''p''' = ''movement'' || '''t''' = ''human, animal''
|-
| '''bok'''....''illness'' || '''b''' = ''organ'' || '''k''' = ''condition''
|-
| '''nom'''....''place'' || '''n''' = ''commercial'' || '''m''' = ''place''
|-
| '''nog'''....''degree'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''g''' = ''measurement''
|-
| '''nof'''....''cloth'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''f''' = ''cloth''
|-
| '''nov'''....''linen'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''v''' = ''linen''
|-
| '''nod'''....''point'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''communication''
|-
| '''xob'''....''organization'' || '''x''' = ''action'' || '''b''' = ''organism''
|}
: The ordinal vowel of each of these base words is an enumeration beginning with '''o''' for zero or the top level.  As the words progress down the hierarchy. branching can occur as in a tree diagram, where a second ordinal vowel is juxtaposed to the first.  Let's take '''tob'''....''human'' as an example.  The ordinal vowel in this diagram will be replaced with the actual number equivalent.  The second-level number or ordinal vowel is underlined.
:
::* '''t0b'''....''human''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tob''')
:::* '''t1b'''....''body''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''tab''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;0&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''flesh''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''lymph node''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''muscle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''bone''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;b'''
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''cartilege''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;5&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''skin''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;6&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''fat''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;7&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''hair''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;8&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''nerve''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;9&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''gland''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;10&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''artery''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t1&lt;u&gt;11&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''joint''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ta&lt;u&gt;la&lt;/u&gt;b''')
:::* '''t2b'''....''head''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''teb''')
::::* '''t2&lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''eye''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''te&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t2&lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''ear''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''te&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t2&lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''nose''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''te&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t2&lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''mouth''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''te&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t2&lt;u&gt;5&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''neck''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''te&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;b''')
:::* '''t3b'''....''trunk''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''tib''')
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''chest''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ti&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''lung''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ti&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''heart''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ti&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''belly''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ti&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;5&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''kidney''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''ti&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;6&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''bladder''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''ti&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;7&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''prostate''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''ti&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;8&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''testicle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''ti&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;9&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''penis''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''ti&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* ....
::::* '''t3&lt;u&gt;11&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''teat''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  ('''ti&lt;u&gt;la&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* ....
:::* '''t4b'''....''arm''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tub''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''shoulder''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''upper arm''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''elbow''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''forearm''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;5&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''wrist''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;6&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''hand''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;7&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''fist''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;8&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''knuckle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;9&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''finger''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t4&lt;u&gt;10&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''fingernail''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tu&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;b''')
:::* '''t5b'''....''leg''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyob''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''hip''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''thigh''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''knee''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''tibia''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;5&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''sole''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;6&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''foot''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;7&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''heel''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;8&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''ankle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;9&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''toe''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;b''')
::::* '''t5&lt;u&gt;10&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''toenail''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''tyo&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;b''')

=====Geo-spatial Arrangement=====
: The Group I base words of this type are arranged in a fashion where the ordinal vowel indicates the geo-space, as the table below illustrates:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;  
|-
! ORDINAL VOWEL !! GEO-SPATIAL MEANING
|-
| '''o''' || ''outer space''
|-
| '''a''' || ''sky''
|-
| '''e''' || ''land''
|-
| '''i''' || ''sea''
|-
| '''u''' || ''underground''
|}
: Here are base words that are organized in a geo-spatial fashion:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;  
|-
| '''mol'''....''nature'' || '''mop'''....''orbit'' || '''dom'''....''city''
|-
| '''mal'''....''air'' || '''map'''....'wind'' || '''dam'''....''airport''
|-
| '''mel'''....''soil'' || '''mep'''....''road'' || '''dem'''....''park''
|-
| '''mil'''....''water'' || '''mip'''....''river'' || '''dim'''....''fountain''
|-
| '''mul'''....''mineral'' || '''mup'''....''tunnel'' || '''dum''' ....''well''
|}
===== Mnemonic Arrangment =====

: Other Group 1 nouns, listed in the chart below, have an ordinal vowel which is not so much geo-physical or hierchical per se, but rather mnemonic in some fashion.  The consonants, especially the classifier consonant, have meanings like those in the above chart.

&lt;small&gt;
:{| border=0
|+ Other Group 1 Base Words
|- valign=top
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;  
|-
! d = communication
|-
| '''daz'''....''dance''
|-
| '''dyaz'''....''ballet''
|-
| '''dez'''....''theater''
|-
| '''diz'''....''comedy''
|-
| '''duz'''....''music''
|-
| '''dyez'''....''cinema'' 
|-
| '''drez'''....''poetry''
|-
| '''din'''....''story'' 
|-
| '''dun'''....''word''
|-
| '''dyun'''....''name''
|-
| '''dyan'''....''sentence''
|-
| '''dyes'''....''book''
|}
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! dr = write
|-
| '''drof'''....''board''
|-
| '''draf'''....''card''
|-
| '''dref'''....''paper''
|-
| '''drov'''....''cardboard''
|-
| '''drav'''....''notebook''
|-
| '''drev'''....''page''
|-
| '''drar'''....''pencil''
|-
| '''drir'''....''typewriter''
|-
| '''drur'''....''printer''
|}
    |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! m = nature
|-
| '''mag'''....''fire'' 
|-
| '''mog'''....''ash'' 
|-
| '''meg'''....''stone''
|-
| '''mug'''....''metal''
|-
| '''mez'''....''crystal''
|-
| '''mak'''....''electricity'' 
|-
| '''mek'''....''powder'' 
|-
| '''mav'''....''flame'' 
|-
| '''mov'''....''smoke'' 
|-
| '''maf'''....''cloud'' 
|-
| '''maj'''....''daytime'' 
|-
| '''moj'''....''night'' 
|-
| '''man'''....''light'' 
|-
| '''mon'''....''dark'' 
|}
   |
{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! n = commerce
|-
| '''naz'''....''value'' 
|-
| '''nas'''....''money'' 
|-
| '''nax'''....''price''
|-
| '''nyaz'''....''wealth''
|-
| '''nyan'''....''stack'' 
|-
| '''nox'''....''expense''
|-
| '''nyox'''....''waste''
|-
| '''nex'''....''saving'' 
|-
| '''nyex'''....''storing'' 
|-
| '''nix'''....''earning'' 
|-
| '''nyix'''....''order'' 
|-
| '''nux'''....''pay''
|-
| '''nyux'''....''supply''
|-
| '''nun'''....''merchandise''
|-
| '''nyun'''....''product''
|-
| '''nuz'''....''jewel''
|-
| '''nem'''....''location''
|-
| '''nyem'''....''place''
|-
| '''nyeb'''....''box''
|-
| '''nab'''....''row''
|-
| '''nap'''....''order''
|}
    |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! j = time
|-
| '''jag'''....''age''
|-
| '''jud'''....''date''
|-
| '''jod'''....''instance''
|}
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! s = thing
|-
| '''sag'''....''number''
|-
| '''saz'''....''sculpture''
|-
| '''san'''....''form''
|-
| '''son'''....''thing (abstract)'' 
|-
| '''sin'''....''image'' 
|-
| '''siz'''....''painting''
|-
| '''sun'''....''thing (concrete)''
|-
| '''syan'''....''kind''
|-
| '''syen'''....''style''
|-
| '''syin'''....''subject'' 
|-
| '''syun'''....''object''
|-
| '''sar'''....''instrument''
|-
| '''sir'''....''machine'' 
|-
| '''sor'''....''engine''
|-
| '''sur'''....''motor''
|}
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! t = human / intelligence
|-
| '''taz'''....''statue'' 
|-
| '''tez'''....''bust''
|-
| '''tep'''....''mind''
|-
| '''top'''....''spirit''
|-
| '''tuz'''....''art'' 
|-
| '''toz'''....''skin color''
|-
| '''tez'''....''culture''
|-
| '''tin'''....''doctrine''
|-
| '''tun'''....''science''
|-
| '''tyan'''....''class''
|-
| '''tyen'''....''trade'' 
|-
| '''tyun'''....''idea''
|-
| '''tyez'''....''magic''
|-
| '''tos'''....''sensation''
|-
| '''tes'''....''meaning''
|-
| '''tot'''....''god''
|}
|}
&lt;/small&gt;

==== The Meaning of Group 2 Base Words ====
:: The meaning of Group 2 base word stems comes from the combination of the values of the classifier consonant and the ordinal (stem) vowel. The stem does not include adjectival ('''-a'''), adverbial ('''-ay'''), and verbal inflections ('''-er''', '''-ser''', '''-xer''', etc.), which are shown in a smaller typeface after the stem.

:: The ordinal (stem vowel) holds oppositional values like positive, intermediary, and negative.

:: Examples:

&lt;small&gt;
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Stems of Group 2 Base Words
|-
! CLASSIFIER CONSONANT !! POSITIVE !! INTERMEDIATE !! NEGATIVE !! POSITIVE !! NEGATIVE
|-
| '''j''' = ''time'' || '''ja'''....''before'' || '''je'''....''during'' || '''jo'''....''after''||'''ji'''....''since'' || '''ju'''....''until''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''aj'''....''past'' || '''ej'''....''present'' || '''oj'''....''future'' || '''ij'''....''beginning'' || '''uj'''....''end''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot;  * || '''taj'''....''birth'' || '''tej'''....''life'' || '''toj'''....''death'' || '''tij'''....''awake state'' || '''tuj'''....''sleep''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''jwa'''....''early'' || '''jwe'''....''on time'' || '''jwo'''....''late'' || '''yij'''....''opening'' || '''yuj'''....''closing''
|-
| '''g''' = ''measurement'' || '''ga'''....''more'' || '''ge'''....''equal'' || '''go'''....''less''|| '''gi'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;....''point'' || '''gu'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;....''angle''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''ag'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''big'' || '''eg&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''normal'' || '''og'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''small'' || '''ig'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''fast'' || '''ug'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''slow''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''yag'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''long'' || '''yeg'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''normal'' || '''yog'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''short'' || '''yig'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''hard'' || '''yug'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''soft''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''gya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''thick'' || '''gye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''enough'' || '''gyo-'''....''thin'' || '''gyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''solid'' || '''gyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''fragile''
|-
| '''k''' || '''ka'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''find'' || '''ke'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''seek'' || '''ko'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''hide'' || '''ki'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''oblique''|| '''ku'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''lateral''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''ak'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''win'' || '''ek'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''play'' || '''ok'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''lose'' || '''ik'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''full'' || '''uk'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''empty''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''yak'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''expect'' || '''yek'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''try'' || '''yok'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''suprise'' || '''yik'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''difficult'' || '''yuk'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''easy''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''kya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''mobile'' || '''kye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''haphazard'' || '''kyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''fixed'' ||'''kyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''heavy'' || '''kyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''light''
|-
| '''m''' = ''nature'' || '''am'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''hot'' || -- || '''om'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''cold'' || '''im'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''wet'' || '''um'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''dry''
|-
| '''f'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''want'' ||  ||  ||  || '''fi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''good'' || '''fu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''bad''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''fya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''holy'' || '''fye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''mythical'' || '''fyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''profane''|| '''fyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''useful'' || '''fyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''harmful''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''yaf'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''be able'' || '''yef'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''must''|| '''yof'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''cannot'' || '''yif'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''dare'' || '''yuf'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''fear''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''af'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''may'' || '''ef'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''need'' || '''of'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''be prohibited'' || '''if'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''love'' || '''uf'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''hate''
|-
| '''v''' = ''beauty, veracity'' || '''va'''....''yes'' || '''ve'''....''maybe'' || '''vo'''....''no''|| '''vi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''beautiful'' || '''vu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''ugly'' 
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''av'''....''for'' || '''ev'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''neutral'' || '''ov'''....''against''|| '''iv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''happy'' || '''uv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''sad'' 
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''vya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''true'' || '''vye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''relative'' || '''vyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''false''|| '''vyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''clean'' || '''vyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''dirty''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''yav'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''innocent'' || '''yev'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''fair'' || '''yov'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''guilty''|| '''yiv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''free'' || '''yuv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''captive''
|-
| '''z''' = (spatial) || '''za'''....''in front of'' || '''ze'''....''in the middle of'' || '''zo'''....''in back of''|| '''zi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''right'' || '''zu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''left''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''zay'''....''ahead'' || '''zey'''....''across'' || '''zoy'''....''back, re-''||  || 
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''zya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''wide'' || '''zye'''....''through'' || '''zyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''narrow''||'''zyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''flat'' || '''zyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''round''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''az'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''strong'' || '''ez'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''moderate'' || '''oz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''weak''|| '''iz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''straight'' || '''uz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''curved''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''yaz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''convex'' || '''yez'''....''along'' || '''yoz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''concave'' || '''yiz'''&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;....''beyond'' || '''yuz'''....''around''
|-
| '''b-'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''put'' || '''ba'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''agitate'' || '''be'''&lt;sup&gt;(xer)&lt;/sup&gt;....''at, (hold)'' || '''bo'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''calm''|| '''bi&lt;sup&gt;(er/xer)&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''from, (take/pull)'' || '''bu'''&lt;sup&gt;(er/xer)&lt;/sup&gt;....''to, (give/push)''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''ab'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''on,(put on)'' || '''eb'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''between,(block)'' || '''ob'''(&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;)....''off,(take off)'' || '''ib'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''away,(receive)'' || '''ub'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''toward,(send)''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''bya'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser&lt;/sup&gt;....''lean/stand'' || '''bye'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''tap'' || '''byo'''&lt;sup&gt;ser&lt;/sup&gt;....''hang''|| '''byi'''&lt;sup&gt;(ser)&lt;/sup&gt;....''since,(originate)'' || '''byu'''&lt;sup&gt;(ser/xer)&lt;/sup&gt;....''up to,(contact/touch)''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''yab'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''up,(raise)'' || '''yeb'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''in,(enter)''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''out,(exit)'' || '''yob'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''down,(lower)''|| '''yib'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''far,(remove)'' || '''yub'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;....''near,(bring)''
|-
| '''p'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''go'' || '''pa'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''move/move'' || '''pe'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''wait/trap'' || '''po'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''stop/stop''|| '''pi'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''leave/get stuck/catch'' || '''pu'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''arrive/jump/throw''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''pya'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''hover/jump up/launch'' || '''pye'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''encounter/strike'' || '''pyo'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''fall/drop''|| '''pyi'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''emanate'' || '''pyu'''&lt;sup&gt;er/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''reach/impact''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''yap'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''rise'' || '''yep'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''enter'' || '''yop'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''descend''|| '''yip'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''go far'' || '''yup'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''approach''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''ap'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''get on'' || '''ep'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''stop'' || '''op'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''get off'' || '''ip'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''go away'' ||'''up'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''come''
|- 
| '''s'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''be'' || '''sa'''&lt;sup&gt;n/s/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''form/evolve/make'' ||'''se'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''build'' || '''so'''&lt;sup&gt;n/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''matter/destroy''|| '''si'''&lt;sup&gt;n/yn&lt;/sup&gt;....''image/sign'' || '''su'''&lt;sup&gt;n/er/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''thing/provide/realize''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''as'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''become'' || '''es'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''exist'' || '''os'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''cease to be'' ||  || 
|-
| '''x-'''....''do'' || '''xa'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;....''execute'' || '''xe'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;....''celebrate'' || '''xo'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;....''fail'' || '''xi'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;....''undertake'' || '''xu'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;....''provoke''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; ||'''ax'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''act'' || '''ex'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''function'' || '''ox'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''abstain'' || '''ix'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''effect'' || '''ux'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''cause''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''yax'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''be busy'' || '''yex'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''work'' || '''yox'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''be idle'' || '''yix'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''use'' || '''yux'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''help''
|-
| '''t'''&lt;sup&gt;er/rer&lt;/sup&gt;....''know/recognize'' || '''ta'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''remember'' || '''te'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''think'' || '''to'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''forget'' || '''ti'''&lt;sup&gt;er/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''learn/study'' || '''tu'''&lt;sup&gt;er/xer&lt;/sup&gt;....''inform/teach''
|-
| '''d'''&lt;sup&gt;er/rer&lt;/sup&gt;....''say/write'' || '''da'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;....''talk'' || '''de'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;....''state''&lt;br&gt;'''dye'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;....''read'' || '''do'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;....''be silent'' || '''di'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ler/rer&lt;/sup&gt;....''ask/beg/require'' || '''du'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ler/rer&lt;/sup&gt;....''suggest/insist/prod''
|-
| '''h-''' = (deictic) || '''ha'''&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;....''the'' || '''he'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''some'' || '''ho'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''mo'' || '''hi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''this'' || '''hu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''that''
|-
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''hya'''&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;....''all'' || '''hye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''any'' || '''hyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''not at all'' || '''hyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''same'' || '''hyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;....''other''
|-
| ||'''ay'''....''and'' || '''ey'''....''or'' || '''oy'''....''but'' || ||
|-
| ||'''ya'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;....''together'' || ||'''yo'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;....''apart''|| ||
|- 
| (numbers) || '''a'''....''one''|| '''e'''....''two''|| '''o'''....''zero''|| '''i'''....''three''|| '''u'''....''four''
|- 
| &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''ya'''....''six''|| '''ye'''....''seven''|| '''yo'''....''five''|| '''yi'''....''eight''|| '''yu'''....''nine''
|-
| (prefix) || || || '''lo-'''....''dis-''&lt;br&gt;'''lyo-'''....''dis-'' || ||
|}
&lt;/small&gt;
:: &lt;small&gt;* Mixed root.  '''taj/tej/toj''' instead of '''yaj/yej/yoj''', because the human letter root '''t''' is more intuitive.&lt;/small&gt;

:: Note: The opposition '''(y)a'''-'''(y)e'''-'''(y)o''' is a three-way opposition with an intermediary sense, but '''(y)i-(y)u''' is two-way, without any intermediary sense.

=== Derived Words ===
: Derived words are formed in accordance with certain simple rules of word-building:

: These consist of the following twelve rules:

::# Compounding
::# Affixation
::# Ordinal Vowel Scaling
::# Overlapping
::# Adding Ordinal Vowels
::# Swapping Generic Consonants
::# Coding scientific vocabulary
::# Marking Words for Gender
::# Deriving Words with Geo-specific Vowels
::# Deriving Words with Directional and Positional Vowels
::# Deriving Words with a Mnemonic Pattern
::# Deriving Nuanced Words Phonetically


==== Rule #1: Compounding ====
: Compound words are obtained through the combination of two or more whole words or stub words.  In the combining process, the determining word is placed quite simply in front of the word it determines.  Compounds consist mainly of noun + noun, but there can be other part-of-speech combinations.

: Examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Compounding
|-
! COMPONENT 1 !! COMPONENT 2 !! COMPOUND
|-
| '''mar'''....''star'' || '''tun'''....''science'' || '''martun'''....''astronomy''
|-
| '''mag'''....''fire'' || '''meb'''....''mountian'' || '''magmeb'''....''volcano''
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''mem'''....''land'' || '''dobmem'''....''territory''
|-
| '''tul'''....''dish'' || '''dras'''....''something written'' || '''tuldras'''....''menu''
|-
| '''sin'''....''picture'' || '''dras'''....''something written'' || '''sindras'''....''description''
|-
| '''tam'''....''house'' || '''kyoxer'''....''to fix (in place)'' || '''tamkyoxer'''....''to settle''
|-
| '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''drer'''....''to write'' || '''taxdrer'''....''to record''
|-
| '''tep'''....''mind'' || '''kyoa'''....''fixed'' || '''tepkyoa'''....''stubborn''
|}
: Sometimes, the first element can be a stub of a whole word, i.e. the word with the final consonant dropped.  The word for ''rain'', for example, is '''ma(m)''' (''sky'') + '''mil''' (''water''), where the final consonant of the first word is dropped, thus, '''mamil'''.

==== Rule #2: Affixation ====

===== Prefixes =====

: All adverbs and prepositions can be used as prefixes:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Adverbs and Prepositions as Prefixes
|-
! PREFIX !! BASE !! COMPOUND
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' ||'''per'''....''to go'' || '''japer'''....''to precede''
|-
| '''jo'''....''after'' ||'''per'''....''to go'' || '''joper'''....''to follow''
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' ||'''der'''....''to say'' || '''vader'''....''to affirm''
|-
| '''jo'''....''after'' ||'''dras'''....''something written'' || '''jodras'''....''postscript''
|-
| '''za'''....''ahead'' ||'''jub'''....''day'' || '''zajub'''....''tomorrow''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart'' ||'''mel'''....''land'' || '''yonmel'''....''island''
|}

: Prepositional prefixes ending in '''b''' with verbs '''per''' and '''ber''' (and their derivations) lose the '''b''' before verbal elements based on '''per''' (''go'') and '''ber''' (''put''), as shown in the following chart:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Assimilation of b and p
|-
! PREFIX !! BASE VERB !! NEW VERB
|-
| '''ya&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''up'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' (NOT: '''yabber''')
|-
| '''ya&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''up'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' (NOT: '''yabper''')
|-
| '''a&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''on'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''aber'''....''put on, apply''
|-
| '''a&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''on'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''aper'''....''get on, mount''
|-
| '''yo&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''down'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''yober'''....''take down''
|-
| '''yo&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''down'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''yoper'''....''descend''
|-
| '''o&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''off'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''ober'''....''take off, remove''
|-
| '''o&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''on'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''oper'''....''get off, dismount''
|-
| '''ye&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''in'' || '''bux'''....''a push'' || '''yebux'''....''impulse''
|-
| '''ye&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''in'' || '''pyoser'''....''fall'' || '''yepyoser'''....''collapse''
|}

: The two or three first letters of a word can serve as prefixes.  The adjective ending '''a''' is often dropped&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, as is the '''er''' or prefixes taken from verbs.  Longish noun prefixes are sometimes clipped.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Prefixes Built on Words and Word Stubs
|-
! PREFIX !! BASE VERB !! COMPOUND VERB
|-
| '''oz&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''weak'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''ozder'''....''whisper''
|-
| '''yag&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''long'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''yagder'''....''ramble''
|-
| '''aj&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''past'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''ajder'''....''evoke''
|-
| '''yog&lt;s&gt;a&lt;/s&gt;'''....''short'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''yogder'''....''summarize''
|-
| '''tyoya&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''foot'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''tyoyaper'''....''walk''
|-
| '''dre&lt;s&gt;er&lt;/s&gt;'''....''write'' || '''sar'''....''tool'' || '''dresar'''....''pencil''
|-
| '''tuyo&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;'''....''hand'' || '''dren'''....''writing'' || '''tuyodren'''....''manuscript''
|-
| '''ma&lt;s&gt;m&lt;/s&gt;'''....''sky'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''mamil'''....''rain''
|}
: &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;: Sometimes, the adjective ending '''a''' is retained when an adjective is compounded with '''xer''' or '''ser'''.  This device may be used to distinguished two differently nuanced verbs.  For example, '''aga''' + '''xer''' can produce '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' or '''agxer'''....''to grow''.  Usually, the compound where the adjective suffix has been eclipsed has the more idiomatic meaning.&lt;/small&gt;
===== Most Common Mirad Prefixes =====
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Common Prefixes
|-
! PREFIX !! EXAMPLES
|-
|'''a(n)-'''....''north, uni-, number one, up''||'''amer'''....''north''; '''anzyuspar'''....''unicycle''; '''antotin'''....''monotheism''
|-
|'''aa-'''....''arch-, first-, prime''||'''adub'''....''prime minister''
|-
|'''aag-'''....''arch-, proto-, main''||'''agmep'''....''highway''; '''agdoyab'''....''consitution''; '''aagovekut'''....''archrival''
|-
|'''aaj-'''....''paleo-, proto-''||'''aagtobtun'''....''paleoanthropology''; '''ajsiyn'''....''fossil''
|-
|'''ab-'''....''ad-, arch-, on, super-, sur-, epi-''||'''abtob'''....''superman''; '''abtim'''....''attic''; '''abzen'''....''epicenter''
|-
|'''alo(n)-'''....''deca-, ten-''||'''alojaga'''....''ten years old''; '''alojab'''....''decade''; '''alonsuna'''....''decimal''
|-
|'''aloy(n)-'''....''deci-, tenth-''||'''aloynux'''....''tithe''; '''aloyngoler'''....''decimate''
|-
|'''am-'''....''thermo-''||'''amzemula'''....''thermonuclear''; '''amvyabxar'''....''thermostat''
|-
|'''amlo(n)-'''....''mega-''||'''amloagvunak'''....''megavolt''; '''amlotoj'''....''megadeath''
|-
|'''amloyn-'''....''micro-''||'''amloynjweb'''....''microsecond''
|-
|'''anyen-'''....''idio-''||'''anyenboka'''....''idiopathic''; '''anydendyan'''....''idiom''; '''anyentepa'''....''idiotic''
|-
|'''ao(b/p)-'''....''north-south, up-down, vertical, vertically, y-axis''||'''aonab'''....''column'', ''x-y-axis''; '''aopuys yuzpar'''....''hop-on-hop-off bus''; '''aonada'''....''vertical''
|-
|'''aoye(b/p)-'''....''in-and-out''||'''aoyebar'''....''piston''; '''aoyebelen'''....''import-exports''; '''aoyepaper'''....''fly in and out''
|-
|'''aro(n)-'''....''kilo-''||'''aronminak'''....''kilometer''; '''arobanak'''....''kilobit''
|-
|'''aroyn-'''....''milli-''||'''aroynvunak'''....''millivolt''; '''aoynwunak'''....''milliwatt''
|-
|'''(a)so(n)'''....''cent-''||'''asojagat'''....''centenarian''; '''aolinak'''....''hectoliter''; '''sojab'''....''century''
|-
|'''asoy(n)-'''....''cent-, centi-''||'''asoygenak'''....''centigram''; '''asoylinak'''....''centiliter''
|-
|'''av-'''....''pro-''||'''avyaotina'''....''pro-communist''
|-
|'''ayb-'''....''above, hyper-, over-, super-, sur-''||'''aybteaxut'''....''supervisor''; '''aybtyoyaf'''....''overshoe''
|-
|'''ayn-'''....''full-, holo-, whole-''||'''aynnuut'''....''wholesaler''; '''aynsin'''....''hologram''; '''aynteptija'''....''fully-conscious''
|-
|'''e(b/p)-'''....''inter-''||'''ebmos'''....''mezzanine''; '''ebyanmulxer'''....''intermingle''; '''eper'''....''intercede''
|-
|'''ejna-'''....''neo-''||'''ejnadun'''....''neologism''; '''ejnaobdabin'''....''neocolonialism''
|-
|'''e(n)-'''....''ambi-, bi-, di-, duo-, two-''||'''entyoba'''....''bipedal''; '''enzyuspar'''....''bicycle''; '''envolza'''....''dichromatic''
|-
|'''eon-'''....''duo-, double-, twin-''||'''eonin'''....''dualism''; '''eondal'''....''double-speak''; '''eonsum'''....''twin bed''
|-
|'''e(b/p)-'''....''inter-, between”||'''ebdooba'''....''international''; '''eper'''....''interven''
|-
|'''ey(b/p)-'''....''intra-, among''||'''eybmasa'''....''intramural''; '''eybmimkuma'''....''intracoastal''
|-
|'''ey(n)-'''....''demi-, half-, hemi-, mixed-, pen-, quasi-, semi-''||'''eynzyus'''....''semi-circle''; '''eynzyup'''....''half-turn''; '''eyntilsyeb'''....''demitassee''; '''eynyonmel'''....''peninsula''
|-
|'''fao-'''....''wood''||'''faomek'''....''pulp''; '''faogos'''....''wood chip''; '''faomog'''....''potash''
|-
|'''fee(mul)-'''....''ferro-''||'''feemulalz'''....''rust''; '''feemulnad'''....''rail''; '''feemulyontix'''....''ferrography''
|-
|'''fi-'''....''bene-, eu-, good-, nice-, well-''||'''fixut'''....''benefactor''; '''fidrawa'''....''well-written''; '''fitos'''...''euphoria''
|-
|'''fu-'''....''dys-, ill-, mal-, mis-, poorly-''||'''futos'''....''dysphoria''; '''futuwa'''....''ill-informed''; '''fuxeyn'''....''malfeasance''
|-
|'''fya-'''....''hiero-, holy-, sancti-''||'''fyasdresiyn'''....''hieroglyphic''; '''fyader'''....''sanctify''; '''fyatwed'''....''holy father''
|-
|'''fye-'''....''mythical, fantasy''||'''fyetop'''....''phantom''; '''fyetobet'''....''elfin''; '''fyetexer'''...''fantacize''; '''fyedin'''....''fantasy''
|-
|'''garale-'''....''tera-''||'''garaleagbanak'''....''terabyte''
|-
|'''garalyi-'''....''exa-''||'''garalyibanak'''....''exabit''
|-
|'''garalyo-'''....''peta-''||'''galayoagbanak'''....''petabyte''
|-
|'''garela-'''....''zetta-''||'''garelaagbanak'''....''zettabyte''
|-
|'''garelu-'''....''yotta-''||'''gareluagbanak'''....''yottabyte''
|-
|'''ge-'''....''equal to, equi-, even-''||'''geyafwa'''....''equipollent''; '''genaza'''....''equivalent''
|-
|'''gel-'''....''homo-, like-, simul-''||'''gelzena'''....''homocentric''; '''gelvolza'''....''homochromatic''
|-
|'''geyl-'''....''simul-''||'''geyldyan'''....''simile''; '''geylxer'''....''assimilate''
|-
|'''gla-'''....''many-, multi-, poly-''||'''glatyenika'''....''multi-skilled''; '''glatwada'''....''polyandrous''; '''glavolza'''....''many-hued''
|-
|'''glo-'''....''mini-, little-, few-''||'''gloduna'''....''succint, of few words''; '''glonixea'''....''low-earning''
|-
|'''gorale-'''....''pico''||'''goraleagfenak'''....''picofarad''
|-
|'''goralyi-'''....''atto''||'''goralyigenak'''....''picogram''
|-
|'''goralyo-'''....''femto''||'''goralyoon'''....''quadrillionth''
|-
|'''gorela-'''....''zepto''||'''gorelagenak'''....''zeptogram''
|-
|'''gorelu-'''....''yocto''||'''gorelugenak'''....''yoctogram''
|-
|'''gra-'''....''extra-, hyper-, over-, ultra-''||'''gratosea'''....''hypersensitive''; '''grazoyaxler'''....''overreact''; '''granoxea'''....''extravagant''
|-
|'''gro-'''....''hypo-, under-''||'''groyixlawa'''....''underemployed''; '''groaman'''....''hypothermia''
|-
|'''gwa-'''....''hyper-, maxi-, -most, pleisto-, uber-, ultra-, pure''||'''gwayelza'''....''pure pink''; '''gwayafa'''....''supreme''; '''gwauja'''....''ultimate''; '''gwazoa'''....''hindmost''
|-
| '''gwaa-'''....''mega-''||'''gwaatoj'''....''megadeath''
|-
|'''gwas-'''....''macro-''||'''gwasmor'''....''macrocosm''; '''gwasneg'''....''macrolevel''
|-
|'''gwo-'''....''least-, micro-, mini-''||'''gwosag'''....''minimum''; '''gwoyuzpur'''....''minibus''
|-
|'''gwoo-'''....''nano-''||'''gwootyentun'''....''nanotechnology''; '''gwoogoyn'''....''nanoparticle''
|-
|'''gwos-'''....''micro-''||'''gwostejsan'''....''microorganism''; '''gwosdiyben'''....''micromanagement''; '''gwosmor'''....''microcosm''
|-
|'''hi-'''....''hither, these, this''||'''his'''....''this''; '''hisi'''....''these''; '''him'''....''here''
|-
|'''ho-'''....''no-, not''||'''hot'''....''nobody''; '''hos'''....''nothing''
|-
|'''hya(s)-'''....''pan(to)-, omni-, all-, every-''||'''hyas'''....''everthing''; '''hyati'''....''all of them''; '''hyastea'''....''omniscient''; '''hyataadifa'''....''pansexual'' 
|-
|'''hu-'''....''that''||'''hus'''....''that''; '''huj'''....''then''; '''huyen'''...that way''
|-
|'''huim-'''....''here-and-there, here-and-yon''||'''huimkexer'''....''search high and low''; '''huimpaper'''....''fly here and there''; '''hyuimpoper'''....''travel here-and-there''
|-
|'''huu-'''....''so, such''||'''huugla'''....''so, so very''; '''hus'''....''such''; '''huyen'''....''in such a way, so, thus''
|-
|'''hyaewa-'''....''ambi-''||'''hyaewati'''....''both of them''; '''hyaewaziza'''....''ambidextrous''; '''hyaewatoobifa'''....''ambi-sexual''
|-
|'''hye-'''....''-ever, any, whatever, whichever''||'''hyem'''....''anywhere, wherever''; '''hyempea'''....''erratic''; '''hjej'''....''ever, anytime''
|-
|'''hyi-'''....''homo-, like-, same''||'''hyitoobifa'''....''homosexual''; '''hyis'''....''same thing''; '''hyij'''....''at the same time''
|-
|'''hyu(ts)-'''....''alter-, hetero-, other-, xeno-, else''||'''hyutoobifa'''....''heterosexual''; '''hyua'''....''another, alternate''; '''hyutufa'''....''xenophobic''; '''hyus'''....''something else''
|-
|'''hyui(t/s)-'''....''cross-, mutual, one thing and another, reciprocal''||'''hyuitvikaxen'''....''mutual admiration''; '''hyuixer'''....''reciprocate''; '''hyuisa'''....''mutual, reciprocal''; '''hyuitif'''....''mutual love''
|-
|'''i-'''....''east, oriental, toward the speaker''||'''imera'''....''eastern''; '''ha Imer'''....''the Orient''; '''iber'''....''receive''
|-
|'''ik-'''....''fully, thoroughly''||'''iktoxer'''....''forget completely''; '''iktos'''....''satisfaction''; '''ikyebixer'''....''engulf, swallow up completely''
|-
|'''i(n)-'''....''three-, tri-, tripl-, tern-''||'''inzyuspar'''....''tricycle''; '''inaga'''....''three-dimensional''; '''injiba'''....''trimensual''; '''insuna'''....''ternary''; '''intotan'''....''trinity''
|-
|'''iyn-'''....''terci-, third''||'''iyna'''....''terciary''; '''iynxer'''....''cut into thirds''
|-
|'''iz-'''....''ortho-, recti-, right-, straight-''||'''iznada'''....''rectilinear''; '''izguna'''....''orthogonal''; '''iztin'''....''orthdoxy''; '''izdea'''....''forthright''
|-
|'''ja-'''....''ante-, fore-, pre-''||'''jaupya'''....''foregone''; '''jauper'''....''precede''; '''jadropeka'''....''antebellum''
|-
|'''jo-'''....''after-, meta-, post-''||'''joexlen'''....''postprocessing''; '''jomir'''....''metasphere''; '''jotej'''....''afterlife''
|-
|'''jwa-'''....''early-, eo-, preter-, proto-''||'''jwaber'''....''prepare''; '''jwader'''....''warn, premonish''; '''jwadodin'''....''early history, protohistory''; '''jwamola'''....''preternatural''; '''jwajoeb'''....''eocene''
|-
|'''jwo-'''....''ceno-, late-, latter-, tard-''||'''jwonux'''....''late payment''; '''jwoa'''....''tardy''; '''jwoteja'''....''cenozoic''
|-
|'''ko-'''....''cover-, hidden, secret-, stealth-''||'''koa'''....''covert''; '''koexut'''....''spy''; '''koyeper'''....''sneak in''
|-
|'''kovyo-'''....''pseudo-''||'''kovyotun'''....''pseudoscience''
|-
|'''ku-'''....''para-''||'''kuifut'''....''paramour''; '''keteliut'''....''parasite''; '''kuteptun'''....''parapsychology''
|-
|'''kya-'''....''alternate, dia-, re-, trans-, vari-, cross-''||'''kyaember'''....''relocate''; '''kyajoba'''....''diachronic''; '''kyatajnad'''....''crossbreed''; '''kyatooba'''....''transgendered''; '''kyavolza'''....''variegated, motley''
|-
|'''kyao-'''....''falteringly, unsteadily''||'''kyaoper'''....''stagger''; '''kyaotexer'''....”vacillate''
|-
|'''kye-'''....''chance-, hap-, random-''||'''kyea'''....''haphazard''; '''kyebyus'''....''chance encounter''; '''kyeteater'''....''happen to see''; '''kyesauna'''....''of a random type''
|-
|'''kyo-'''....''fixed-, still-, stereo-, stat-''||'''kyosaun'''....''stereotype''; '''kyopa'''....”stable, static, stationary''; '''kyoson'''....''status''
|-
|'''lo-'''....''dis-, semantic reversing prefix, un-''||'''lozeb'''....''disequilibrium''; '''loyuvlaxer'''....''disengage''; '''loyuzyuber'''....''uncoil''; '''lomulvyusber'''....''decontaminate''
|-
|'''ma-'''....''bright-''||'''mateaba'''....''bright-eyed''
|-
|'''mial-'''....''hygro-''||'''mialama'''....''hygrothermal''
|-
|'''mil-'''....''aqua-, hydro-, water-''||'''milyexun'''....''aquaculture''; '''milmaka'''....''hydroelectric''; '''miltilsyeb'''....''water glass''
|-
|'''mul-'''....''hylo-, substance''||'''mulsana'''....''hylomorphic''
|-
|'''o(l)-'''....''a-, dis-, non-, south, un-, in-''||'''ovyilxwa'''....''unwashed''; '''omalza'''....''non-white''; '''ototina'''....''atheist''; '''otepzexea'''....''inattentive''; '''omira'''....''southern''; '''olo
|-
|'''o(b/p)-'''....''de-, hypo-, off-, sub-, vice-''||'''oper'''....''get off''; '''obneg'''....''sublevel''; '''obxeb'''....''sous-chef, sub-officer''
|-
|'''ogel-'''....''hetero-''||'''ogelsauna'''....''heterogenous''
|-
|'''ov-'''....''contra-, counter-, dis-, non-, the opposite of, un-''||'''ovalxer'''....''countervail''; '''ovper'''....''contravene''; '''ovkyin'''....''counterweight''; '''ovdat'''....''enemy''; '''olovmasbwa'''....''undefended''
|-
|'''oy-'''....''-less, a(n)-, without''||'''oytofa'''...''naked''; '''oyxer'''....''deprive''; '''oytosen'''....''apathy''; '''oyteupiba'''....''toothless''
|-
|'''oyb-'''....''hypo-, infra-, sub-, under-''||'''oybnadrer'''....''underline''; '''oybtomsan'''....''infrastructure''; '''oybseuxa'''....''subsonic''; '''oybtayoba'''....''hypodermic''
|-
|'''oyeb-'''....''ex-, extra-, out-''||'''oyebnad'''....''outline''; '''oyebyujber'''....''exclude''; '''oyebdoabuer'''....''extradite''
|-
|'''oyeyb-'''....''extra-''||'''oyeybdovyaba'''....''extralegal''; '''oyeybtadiena'''....''extramarital''
|-
|'''oyv-'''....''contra-, opposite, reverse''||'''oyvkuma...opposite''; '''oyvder'''....''contradict”, ‘''oyvduer'''....''contraindicate”, ‘''oyvaxer'''....''reverse”
|-
|'''tayi(b)-'''....''neuro-, nerve''||'''tayibteptun'''....''neuropsychology''; '''tayibyok'''....''neuralgia''
|-
|'''teeb-'''....''auri-, oto-, ear-''||'''teebbekut'''....''aurist''; '''teeteiteyobtut'''....''otorhinolaryngologist''; '''teebyel'''....''earwax''
|-
|'''tee(sxt)-'''....''audio-, son-, phono-''||'''teesnagen'''....''audiography''; '''teestaxdras'''....''phonogram''; '''teestun'''....''audiology''; '''teexdras'''....''audiogram''; '''teetyofwa'''....''inaudible''
|-
|'''tei-'''....''nasal, nose, rhino-, aroma-, olfact-, osmo-''||'''teibbok'''....''rhinitis''; '''teibyeg'''....''nostril''; '''teiz'''....''perfume''; '''teizuka'''....''aroma-free''; '''teityaf'''....''olfactory sense''
|-
|'''tiibil-'''....''blood-, hema-, hemato-, hemo-, sanguin-''||'''tiibililp'''....''hemorrhage''; '''tiibiliut'''....''bloodsucker''; '''tiibloker'''....''exsanguinate''; '''tiibiltun'''....''hematology''
|-
|'''tuj-'''....''hypno-, somni-, sopor-''||'''tujbek'''....''hyptotherapy''; '''tujbyea'''....''somniferous, soporific''
|-
|'''u-'''....''occidental, west, away from the speaker''||'''umer'''....''west''; ''occident''; '''uber'''....''send''
|-
|'''ui-'''....''east-west, horizontal, left-right, x-axis''||'''uinab'''....''row'', x-axis''; '''uimera'''....''east-west''; '''uinada'''....''horizontal''
|-
|'''uib-'''....''back-and-forth, toward-and-away, transmit-receive''||'''uibar'''....''transceiver''
|-
|'''uig-'''....''fast-and-slow''||'''uigpar'''....''scooter''
|-
|'''uij-'''....''begin-and-end, start-and-stop''||'''uijdaler'''....''stutter''
|-
|'''uip-'''....''come-and-go''||'''uipen'''....''traffic, coming and going''
|-
|'''uiz-'''....''straight-then-crooked''||'''uizbaser'''....''swagger''; '''uizdrer'''....''scribble''; '''uizpaser'''....''swerve''
|-
|'''u(n)-'''....''four-, quadri-, tetra-, quater-''||'''ungona'''....''quadripartite''; '''unnednid'''....''tetrahedron''; '''unsuna'''....''quaternary''
|-
|'''uyn-'''....''fourth-, quarti-''||'''uynxer'''....''quarter''; '''uynjab'''....''quarter (of a year)''
|-
|'''ut-'''....''auto-, self-, sui-, ego-''||'''utifon'''....''egoism''; '''utgober'''....''autodecrement, '''utfuyix'''....''self-abuse''; '''uttujben'''....''suicide''
|-
|'''va-'''....''yes-''||'''vayovder'''....''convict''; '''vabier'''....''accep'', '''vatexer'''....''believe''
|-
|'''vao-'''....''yes-no''||'''vaoder'''....''decide''; '''vaodaler'''....''waffle, '''vaonaza'''....''boolean''
|-
|'''vi-'''....''bell-, eu-, fine-, pulchri-''||'''vituzyan'''....''fine arts, beaux arts''; '''vidun'''....''euphemism''; '''vidrenyan'''....''literature, belles lettres''; '''visuana'''....''classic''
|-
|'''vo-'''....''non-, neg-''||'''voyafxer'''....''veto''; '''voxer'''....''negate''; '''voyovder'''....''acquit, declare not guilty''
|-
|'''vya-'''....''justi-, recti-, true-, reg-''||'''vyadin'''....''true story''; '''vyader'''....''avow''; '''vyamol'''....''essence''
|-
|'''vyak-'''....''ortho-, correct-''||'''vyakdred'''....''orthography''; '''vyakxer'''....''correct''
|-
|'''vyo-'''....''mis-, para-, wrong-''||'''vyoyufa'''....''paranoid''; '''vyoyux'''....''perfidy''; '''vyoyixer'''....''misuse''
|-
|'''ya-'''....''more than one, multi-''||'''yaota'''....''communal''
|-
|'''yab-'''....''hyper-, supra-, sur-, up-, upper-''||'''yabdom'''....''uptown''; '''yabdoneg'''....''upper class''; '''yabduzneg'''....''high pitch''; '''yabexer'''....''support''; '''yabzyobix'''....''hypertension''
|-
|'''yabnan-'''....''height-, hypso-, alti-''||'''yabnanagar'''....''hypsometer, altimeter''
|-
|'''yag-'''....''long-''||'''yagyiban'''....''long distance''; '''yagyeker'''....''strive''; '''yagblokea'''....''long-suffering''
|-
|'''yan-'''....''co(n)-, fellow-, -mate''||'''yanzena'''....''concentric''; '''yanyeker'''....''compete''; '''yandit'''....''fellow-citizen''
|-
|'''yao(b/p)-'''....''up-and-down''||'''yaopuyser'''....''skip''; '''yaopsim'''....''seesaw''; '''yaoblir'''....''elevator''; '''yaobaser'''....''bounce''
|-
|'''yaon-'''....''six-, hexa-, sex-''||'''yaonat'''....''sextet''; '''haongun'''....''hexagon''; '''yaona'''....''six-fold, sextuple''
|-
|'''yaov-'''....''guilty-or-innocent''||'''yaovder'''....''adjudicate''; '''yaovdutyan'''....''jury''; '''yaovkader'''....''plead''; '''yaovyek'''....''trial''
|-
|'''yaoz-'''....''serrated, bumpy, jagged''||'''yaozaxer'''....''serrate''; '''yaozgoblar'''....''saw''; '''yaozper'''....''bump along''
|-
|'''yayb-'''....''supra-''||'''yaybdooba'''....''supranational''
|-
|'''yayn-'''....''sex-, sixth''||'''yayna'''...''sixth''
|-
|'''ye(on)-'''....''hept-, hepta-, septi-, seven-''||'''yejub'''....''week''; '''yeongun'''....''heptagon''; '''yeonat'''....''septuplet''
|-
|'''ye(b/p)-'''....''en-, endo-, in-, intra-, intro-''||'''yebuzaser'''....''.inflect''; '''yebzoytiibufa'''....''intravenous''; '''yebyujer'''....''enclode''; '''yebtayoba'''....''endodermal''; '''yeper'''....''enter''; '''yeber'''....''introduce''
|-
|'''yeg-'''....''anew, re-''||'''yegxer'''....''redo''
|-
|'''yeov-'''....''fair or not ''|| '''yeovdut'''....''umpire''
|-
|'''yeyb-'''....''intra-''||'''yeybmepyan'''....''intranet''; '''yeybdoeba'''....''intrastate''
|-
|'''yeyn-'''....''seventh''|| '''yeynxer'''....''split into sevenths''
|-
|'''yi(on)-'''....''oct-, eight-''||'''yiona...eight-fold''; '''octuple''
|-
|'''yib-'''....''far-, tele-, remote''||'''yibsin'''....''televison''; '''yibteata'''....''far-sighted''; '''yibtrawa'''....''famous''
|-
|'''yibaj-'''....''archai-, archeo-, ancient''||'''yibaja'''....''archaic''; ''ancient''; '''yibajtun'''....''archeology''
|-
|'''yiyn-'''....''eighth''||'''yiynxer'''....''divide into eighths''
|-
|'''yiz-'''....''beyond, extra-, meta-, out-, para-, past, super-, supra-, trans-, ultra-''||'''yiztyun'''...''metaphor''; '''yizeza'''....''paranormal''; '''yizmeirat'''....''extraterrestrial''; '''yizseux'''....''utrasound''
|-
|'''yo(on)-'''....''five-, penta-, quint-''||'''yoongun'''....''pentagon''; '''yoongol'''...quintile''; '''yoon'''....''group of five''; '''quintet''
|-
|'''yo(b/p)-'''....''down-, hypo-, sub-''||'''yobdom'''...''downtown''; '''yoper'''....''go down''; '''yobgoler'''....''subdivide''
|-
|'''yon-'''....''apart, dis-, se-''||'''yonzyaber'''....''disperse''; '''yonxer'''....''separate''; '''yonsauna'''....''distinct''
|-
|'''yoyn-'''....''fifth-, quinti-''||'''yoynnaga'''....''quintic''; '''yoyn'''....''a fifth''
|-
|'''yu(o)(n)-'''....''nine-, nona-''||'''yunapa'''....''ninth (in order)''; '''yungunid'''....''nonagon''; '''yunkunid'''....''nonahedron''
|-
|'''yub-'''....''near-, proxi-''||'''yuboj'''....''near future''; '''yubna'''....''next''; '''yubteas'''....''closeup (view)''; '''yubge'''....''almost''; '''yubfia'''....''intimate''; '''yubgeser'''....''approximate''
|-
|'''yui(b/p)-'''....''near-and-far''||'''yuibjo'''....''sooner or later''; '''yuibteabar'''....''bifocals''; '''yuipoper'''....''travel near and far''
|-
|'''yuij-'''....''open-and-shut''||'''yuijar'''....''valve''; '''yuijer'''....''blink'', wink''; '''manyuijer'''....''blink''; '''makyuijar'''....''switch''
|-
|'''yuyb-'''....''quasi-, pen-''||'''yuybyonmel'''....''peninsula''; '''yuybeza'''....''quasi-normal''
|-
|'''yuyn-'''....''ninth-, novi-''||'''yuonat'''....''nonuplet''
|-
|'''yuz-'''....''circ-, circum-, peri-, roto-, round-''||'''yuzper'''....''circulate''; '''yuznad'''....''perimeter''; '''yuzof'''....''wrap-around''; '''yuznadrer'''....''circumscribe 
|-
|'''za-'''....''ante-, fore-, front-, pre-, pro-''||'''zatim'''....''antechamber''; '''zamimuf'''....''foremast''; '''zagab'''....''prefix''; '''zajuber'''....''procrastinate''
|-
|'''zao-'''....''back-and-forth, front-and-back''||'''zaopaser'''....''wobble''; '''zaokuper'''....''slalom''; '''zaopyoser'''....''pendulate''
|-
|'''zay-'''....''forth-, pro-, forward, ahead''||'''zaypuyser'''....''skip ahead''; '''zaypuxer'''....''propel''; '''zayper'''....''go forward, procede''; '''zayupea'''....''forthcoming''
|-
|'''ze-'''....''mid-, central''||'''zetej'''....''midlife''; '''zepoxer'''....''interrupt, stop midway''; '''zetem'''....''central hall''
|-
|'''zey-'''....''cross-, meta-, over-, trans-, across''||'''zeyper'''....''transit, get across''; '''zeynod'''....''crosspoint''; '''zeytyun'''....''metaphor''
|-
|'''zo-'''....''back-, hind-, retro-''||'''zotib'''....''back''; '''zotiub'''....''hindquarters''; '''zonapa'''....''retrograde''
|-
|'''zoy-'''....''back-, retro-, re-''||'''zoyper'''....''recede, go back''; '''zoybeler'''....''carry back''; '''zoyzyublen'''....''backspin''
|-
|'''zu-'''....''left-''||'''zutinut'''....''leftist''; '''zukum'''....''left side''
|-
|'''zui-'''....''left-and-right, zig-zag''||'''zuibyoser'''....''dangle, hang left-and-right''; '''zuiper'''....''zigzag''; '''zuituyaba'''....''ambidextrous''
|-
|'''zya-'''....''-wide, wide-, broad-, all about''||'''zyauber'''....''broadcast''; '''zyateaba'''....''wide-eyed''; '''zyasauna'''....''general''; '''zyapoper'''....''cruise, wander''; '''zyamira'''....''global, worldwide''
|-
|'''zye-'''....''per-, thorough-, thru-, trans-''||'''zyetejer'''....''live through, experience''; '''zyeteaxer'''....''peruse''; '''zyeteatyafwa'''....''transparent''; '''zyemep'''....''thoroughfare''; '''zyeper'''....''permeate, transit''
|-
|'''zyu-'''....''cyclo-, roto-, round-''||'''zyutim'''....''rotunda''; '''zyusem'''....''roundtable''; '''zyuper'''....''cycle, gyrate, rotate''
|}

=====Comparison of Prefixes in English and Mirad=====

: Here is a chart of the most productive prefixes in English of Latin, Greek, and Germanic origin and their most common counterparts in Mirad:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Comparison of Prefixes Used in English and Mirad
|-
! ENGLISH PREFIX !! MEANING !! ORIGIN !! ENGLISH EXAMPLE !! MIRAD EXAMPLE
|-
| '''''a-, an-''''' || ''without, un-, -less'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;tonal'' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;seuza'''
|-
| '''''ab-''''' || ''away'' || LATIN|| ''&lt;u&gt;ab&lt;/u&gt;sence'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ib&lt;/u&gt;sen'''
|-
| '''''ab-''''' || ''not, un-'' || LATIN|| ''&lt;u&gt;ab&lt;/u&gt;normal'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ol&lt;/u&gt;ega''', '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;zeta'''
|-
| '''''ad-''''' || ''to, toward'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;ad&lt;/u&gt;vent'' || '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;pen''' &lt; '''ub-'''
|-
| '''''after-''''' || ''after'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt;math'' || '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt;xwas'''
|-
| '''''anti-''''' || ''against'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;anti&lt;/u&gt;dote'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;bokil'''
|-
| '''''arch-''''' || ''chief, first'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;arch&lt;/u&gt;angel'' || '''&lt;u&gt;aa&lt;/u&gt;tat'''
|-
| '''''auto-''''' || ''self'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;auto&lt;/u&gt;cracy'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;dab'''
|-
| '''''back-''''' || ''back'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;back&lt;/u&gt;stairs'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zo&lt;/u&gt;mus'''
|-
| '''''bene-''''' || ''well'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;bene&lt;/u&gt;factor'' || '''&lt;u&gt;fi&lt;/u&gt;xut'''
|-
| '''''bi-''''' || ''two'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;cameral'' || '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;tima'''
|-
| '''''by-''''' || ''beyond'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;by&lt;/u&gt;pass'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt;per'''
|-
| '''''cent(i)-''''' || ''hundred'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;cent&lt;/u&gt;ury'' || '''&lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt;jab'''
|-
| '''''circ(um)-''''' || ''around'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;circ&lt;/u&gt;ulate'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz&lt;/u&gt;per'''
|-
| '''''co(n/m)-''''' || ''together'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;co&lt;/u&gt;operate'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;exer'''
|-
| '''''con-, com-, cor-, col-''''' || ''with'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;con&lt;/u&gt;vene'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;uper'''
|-
| '''''counter-, contra-''''' || ''against'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;contra&lt;/u&gt;dict'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;der'''
|-
| '''''cross-''''' || ''across'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;cross&lt;/u&gt;wind'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey&lt;/u&gt;mep'''
|-
| '''''de-''''' || ''un-'', reverse || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;de&lt;/u&gt;salinate'' || '''&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;mimolxer'''
|-
| '''''de-''''' || ''down'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;de&lt;/u&gt;scend'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yo(&lt;s&gt;b&lt;/s&gt;)&lt;/u&gt;per''' &lt; '''yob''' + '''per'''
|-
| '''''deca-''''' || ''ten'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;deca&lt;/u&gt;de'' || '''&lt;u&gt;alo&lt;/u&gt;jab'''
|-
| '''''deci-''''' || ''tenth'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;deci&lt;/u&gt;meter'' || '''&lt;u&gt;aloy&lt;/u&gt;monak'''
|-
| '''''di-''''' || ''two'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;di&lt;/u&gt;ode'' || '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;mep'''
|-
| '''''dia-''''' || ''throughout'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;dia&lt;/u&gt;chronic'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zya&lt;/u&gt;joba'''
|-
| '''''dicho-''''' || ''double'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;dicho&lt;/u&gt;tomy'' || '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;gorbun'''
|-
| '''''di(s)-''''' || ''un-, de-, apart'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;dis&lt;/u&gt;appear''&lt;br&gt;''&lt;u&gt;dis&lt;/u&gt;assemble''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;yon&lt;/u&gt;tos''' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;teaser'''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;yanber'''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;dis&lt;/u&gt;sent'''
|-
| '''''dys-''''' || ''bad'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;dys&lt;/u&gt;function'' || '''&lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt;exen'''
|-
| '''''ec(to)-''''' || ''out'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;ecto&lt;/u&gt;morph'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb&lt;/u&gt;san'''
|-
| '''''en-, em-''''' || ''in'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;demic'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;dita'''
|-
| '''''endo-''''' || ''within'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;endo&lt;/u&gt;morphic'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;sana'''
|-
| '''''equi-''''' || ''equal'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;equi&lt;/u&gt;lateral'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;kuma'''
|-
| '''''eu-''''' || ''good, nice'' || GREEK|| ''&lt;u&gt;eu&lt;/u&gt;phemism'' || '''&lt;u&gt;vi&lt;/u&gt;dun'''
|-
| '''''ex-, e-''''' || ''out'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;ex&lt;/u&gt;tract'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oye&lt;/u&gt;bixer'''
|-
| '''''extra/o-''''' || ''outside'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;extra&lt;/u&gt;ordinary'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeyb&lt;/u&gt;ega'''
|-
| '''''fellow-''''' || ''fellow'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;fellow-&lt;/u&gt;traveler'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;poput''', '''dat-'''
|-
| '''''fore-''''' || ''front'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;fore&lt;/u&gt;skin'' || '''&lt;u&gt;za&lt;/u&gt;tayob'''
|-
| '''''gyro-''''' || ''round, wheel'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;gyro&lt;/u&gt;scope'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zyun&lt;/u&gt;zebar'''
|-
| '''''half-''''' || ''half'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;half&lt;/u&gt;-dead'' || '''&lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;toja'''
|-
| '''''hemi-''''' || ''half'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;hemi&lt;/u&gt;sphere'' || '''&lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;zyunid'''
|-
| '''''hect(o)-''''' || ''hundred'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;hecto&lt;/u&gt;meter'' || '''&lt;u&gt;aso&lt;/u&gt;monak'''
|-
| '''''hept(o)-''''' || ''seven'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;hepto&lt;/u&gt;gonal'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;guna'''
|-
| '''''hetero-''''' || ''different'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;hetero&lt;/u&gt;geneous'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyu&lt;/u&gt;sauna'''
|-
| '''''hexa-''''' || ''six'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;hexa&lt;/u&gt;gongal'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;guna'''
|-
| '''''high-''''' || ''high'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;high&lt;/u&gt;-flying'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yab&lt;/u&gt;papea'''
|-
| '''''homo-''''' || ''same'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;homo&lt;/u&gt;geneous'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyi&lt;/u&gt;sauna'''
|-
| '''''hyper-''''' || ''over, too much'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;hyper&lt;/u&gt;active'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;axeya'''
|-
| '''''hypo-''''' || ''under, too little'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;hypo&lt;/u&gt;thermia'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt;aman'''
|-
| '''''idio-''''' || ''peculiar'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;idio&lt;/u&gt;path'' || '''&lt;u&gt;anyen&lt;/u&gt;bak'''
|-
| '''''ill-''''' || ''poorly'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;ill-&lt;/u&gt;mannered'' || '''&lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt;byena'''
|-
| '''''in-''''' || ''in'' || LATIN/GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;coming'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;upea'''
|-
| '''''in-''''' || ''not, un-'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;adequate'' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;grea'''
|-
| '''''infra-''''' || ''below'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;infra&lt;/u&gt;red'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyb&lt;/u&gt;ivoza'''
|-
| '''''inter-''''' || ''between'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;inter&lt;/u&gt;national'' || '''&lt;u&gt;eb&lt;/u&gt;dooba'''
|-
| '''''intra-''''' || ''amid'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;intra&lt;/u&gt;mural'' || '''&lt;u&gt;eyb&lt;/u&gt;masa'''
|-
| '''''intro-''''' || ''into'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;intro&lt;/u&gt;duce'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;ber'''
|-
| '''''iso-''''' || ''equal'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;iso&lt;/u&gt;metric'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;naga'''
|-
| '''''kilo-''''' || ''thousand'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;kilo&lt;/u&gt;gram'' || '''&lt;u&gt;aro&lt;/u&gt;kyik'''
|-
| '''''macro-''''' || ''big'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;macro&lt;/u&gt;cosm'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gwas&lt;/u&gt;mor'''
|-
| '''''magn(i)-''''' || ''big'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;magni&lt;/u&gt;fy'' || '''&lt;u&gt;aga&lt;/u&gt;xer'''
|-
| '''''mal-''''' || ''badly'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;mal&lt;/u&gt;formed'' || '''&lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt;sana'''
|-
| '''''many-''''' || ''many'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;many-&lt;/u&gt;hued'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt;voza'''
|-
| '''''maxi(m)-''''' || ''biggest'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;maxim&lt;/u&gt;ize'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gwa&lt;/u&gt;xer'''
|-
| '''''mega(lo)-''''' || ''big'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;mega&lt;/u&gt;cephalic'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ag&lt;/u&gt;teba'''
|-
| '''''meso-''''' || ''middle'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;meso&lt;/u&gt;morph'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ze&lt;/u&gt;sanat'''
|-
| '''''meta-''''' || ''beyond'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;meta&lt;/u&gt;physical'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt;mula'''
|-
| '''''micro-''''' || ''little'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;micro&lt;/u&gt;cosm'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gwos&lt;/u&gt;mor'''
|-
| '''''mid-''''' || ''middle'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;mid&lt;/u&gt;day'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ze&lt;/u&gt;jub'''
|-
| '''''milli-''''' || ''thousand'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;milli&lt;/u&gt;gram'' || '''&lt;u&gt;aroy&lt;/u&gt;monak'''
|-
| '''''mini(m)-''''' || ''tiny'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;mini&lt;/u&gt;skirt'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gwo&lt;/u&gt;tyoyf'''
|-
| '''''mis-''''' || ''wrongly'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;mis&lt;/u&gt;understand'' || '''&lt;u&gt;vyo&lt;/u&gt;tider'''
|-
| '''''multi-''''' || ''many'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;multi&lt;/u&gt;lateral'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt;kuma'''
|-
| '''''neo-''''' || ''new'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;neo&lt;/u&gt;phyte'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ejna&lt;/u&gt;agsat'''
|-
| '''''non-''''' || ''not'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;non&lt;/u&gt;entity'' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;seas'''
|-
| '''''nona-''''' || ''nine'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;nona&lt;/u&gt;gon'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''
|-
| '''''oct(a)-''''' || ''eight'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;octa&lt;/u&gt;gon'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yion&lt;/u&gt;gun'''
|-
| '''''omni-''''' || ''all'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;omni&lt;/u&gt;scient'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyas&lt;/u&gt;tea'''
|-
| '''''ortho-''''' || ''correct'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;ortho&lt;/u&gt;dontist'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz&lt;/u&gt;teupibtut'''
|-
| '''''out-''''' || ''better'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;out&lt;/u&gt;play'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gafi&lt;/u&gt;eker'''
|-
| '''''over-''''' || ''too much'' || GERMANIC || ''&lt;u&gt;over&lt;/u&gt;eat'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;teler'''
|-
| '''''pan-''''' || ''all'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;pan&lt;/u&gt;theon'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyas&lt;/u&gt;totyan'''
|-
| '''''para-''''' || ''alongside'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;para&lt;/u&gt;phrase'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ku&lt;/u&gt;tesder'''
|-
| '''''penta-''''' || ''five'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;penta&lt;/u&gt;gon'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yoon&lt;/u&gt;gun'''
|-
| '''''per-''''' || ''through'' || LATIN/GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;per&lt;/u&gt;pendicular'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zye&lt;/u&gt;pyonada'''
|-
| '''''poly-''''' || ''many'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;poly&lt;/u&gt;andry'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt;tadan'''
|-
| '''''post-''''' || ''after'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;post&lt;/u&gt;script'' || '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt;dren'''
|-
| '''''pre-''''' || ''before'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;pre&lt;/u&gt;view'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;teaxer''',  '''za-'''
|-
| '''''pro''''' || ''for'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;pro-&lt;/u&gt;life'' || '''&lt;u&gt;av&lt;/u&gt;tejina'''
|-
| '''''pro-''''' || ''forward'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;pro&lt;/u&gt;gress'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zay&lt;/u&gt;nogper'''
|-
| '''''pseudo-''''' || ''falsely'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;pseudo&lt;/u&gt;nym'' || '''&lt;u&gt;kovyo&lt;/u&gt;dyun'''
|-
| '''''quadri-''''' || ''four'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;quadri&lt;/u&gt;lateral'' || '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;kuma'''
|-
| '''''quasi-''''' || ''resembling, nearly'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;quasi-&lt;/u&gt;scientific'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuyb&lt;/u&gt;tuna'''
|-
| '''''quint-''''' || ''five'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;quint&lt;/u&gt;et'' || '''&lt;u&gt;youn&lt;/u&gt;atyan'''
|-
| '''''re-''''' || ''again'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;do'' || '''&lt;u&gt;eg&lt;/u&gt;xer'''
|-
| '''''rect(i)-''''' || ''straight'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;recti&lt;/u&gt;linear'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz&lt;/u&gt;nada'''
|-
| '''''retro-''''' || ''backwards'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;retro&lt;/u&gt;gress'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zoy&lt;/u&gt;nogser'''
|-
| '''''semi-''''' || ''half'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;semi-&lt;/u&gt;sweet'' || '''&lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;levelaya'''
|-
| '''''sept-''''' || ''seven'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;septem&lt;/u&gt;partite'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeon&lt;/u&gt;gona'''
|-
| '''''sext-''''' || ''six'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;sext&lt;/u&gt;uplicate'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;geyxwas'''
|-
| '''''sub-, sup-, sur-''''' || ''below'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;sub&lt;/u&gt;marine'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyb&lt;/u&gt;mimpar'''
|-
| '''''super-, supra-''''' || ''above'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;super&lt;/u&gt;script'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ayb&lt;/u&gt;dren'''
|-
| '''''syn-, sym-, syl-''''' || ''with'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;sym&lt;/u&gt;phony'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;duzutyan'''
|-
| '''''tele-''''' || ''far'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;tele&lt;/u&gt;phone'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yib&lt;/u&gt;dalar'''
|-
| '''''tetra-''''' || ''four'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;tetra&lt;/u&gt;gon'' || '''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;gun'''
|-
| '''''trans-''''' || ''across'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;trans&lt;/u&gt;fer'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey&lt;/u&gt;ber'''
|-
| '''''tri-''''' || ''three'' || GREEK/LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;tri&lt;/u&gt;gram'' || '''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;dresin'''
|-
| '''''ultra-''''' || ''beyond, extremely'' || GREEK || ''&lt;u&gt;ultra&lt;/u&gt;nationalist'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt;doobina'''
|-
| '''''un-''''' || ''not'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;tie, &lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;fair'' || '''&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;yanxer''', '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;yeva'''
|-
| '''''under-''''' || ''below'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;under&lt;/u&gt;arm'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyb&lt;/u&gt;tub'''
|-
| '''''under-''''' || ''not enough'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;under&lt;/u&gt;active'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt;axeya'''
|-
| '''''uni-''''' || ''one'' || LATIN || ''&lt;u&gt;uni&lt;/u&gt;cycle'' || '''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;zyus'''
|}

===== Suffixes =====

: Mirad has semantic stub suffixes, derivational suffixes, and normal semantic suffixes.


: '''''Semantic Stub Suffixes'''''

::: Semantic stub suffixes are generally formed from the last letters of a base word minus the initial consonant.  They serve to put a word into some category, such as liquid, place, person, or material.

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Semantic Stub Suffixes
|- valign=top
! SUFFIX STUB !! SUFFIX FULL FORM !! SUFFIXED EXAMPLE &lt; BASE WORD
|-
| '''-il'''....''liquid, drink'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''teab&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''tear''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teab'''....''eye''&lt;br&gt;'''teub&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''saliva''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teub'''....''mouth''&lt;br&gt;'''tayeb&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''sweat''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tayeb'''....''skin''&lt;br&gt;'''mam&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''rain''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mam'''....''sky''
|-
| '''-al'''....''gas'' || '''mal'''....''air'' || '''tieb&lt;u&gt;al&lt;/u&gt;'''....''breath''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung''
|-
| '''-(e)l'''....''food'' || '''tel'''....''food'' || '''yap&lt;u&gt;el&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pork''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''&lt;u&gt;yap&lt;/u&gt;et'''....''swine''&lt;br&gt;'''tao&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''taob'''....''flesh''&lt;br&gt;'''f&lt;u&gt;el&lt;/u&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''feb'''....''fruit''
|-
| '''-ul'''....''stuff'' || '''mul'''....''substance'' || '''vix&lt;u&gt;ul&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cosmetic''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vix-'''....''to beautify''&lt;br&gt;'''bek&lt;u&gt;ul&lt;/u&gt;'''....''medecine''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''bek'''....''treatment''
|-
| '''-yel'''....''oil, gel, wax, pulp'' || '''yel'''....''oil'' || '''kaf&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''olive oil''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''kaf-'''....''olive''&lt;br&gt;'''apelat&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wax''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''apelat'''....''bee''&lt;br&gt;'''mag&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''grease''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mag'''....''fire''&lt;br&gt;'''bek&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''salve''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''bek'''....''treatment''&lt;br&gt;'''meg&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cement''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''meg'''....''stone''&lt;br&gt;'''yan&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''paste''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yan'''....''together''
|-
| '''-am'''....''house'' || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''apat&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''chicken coop''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''apat'''....''chicken''&lt;br&gt;'''apelat&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''beehive''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''apelat'''....''bee''&lt;br&gt;'''melyex&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''farmhouse''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''melyex'''....''agriculture''&lt;br&gt;'''datib&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hostel''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''datib'''....''guest-reception''
|-
| '''-(e)m'''....''place'' || '''nem'''....''place'' || '''vobyex&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''plantation, farm''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vob'''....''plant'' + '''yex'''....''work''&lt;br&gt;'''vab&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''field''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vab'''....''grass''&lt;br&gt;'''ab&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''top, surface''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ab'''....''above, upper''&lt;br&gt;'''ze&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;'''....''middle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ze(a)'''....''middle'' &lt;br&gt; '''tim'''....''room''
|-
| '''-im'''....''room'' || '''tim'''....''room'' || '''tul&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tul'''....''cuisine''&lt;br&gt;'''tuj&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bedroom''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tuj'''....''sleep''
|-
| '''-um'''....''cell, booth'' ||  '''tum'''....''compartment''|| '''pex&lt;u&gt;um&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cage''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''pexer'''....''catch''&lt;br&gt;'''ilzyapix&lt;u&gt;um&lt;/u&gt;'''....''shower stall''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ilzyapix'''....''shower''
|-
| '''-yem'''....''space'' || '''nyem'''....''enclosure'' || '''yom&lt;u&gt;yem&lt;/u&gt;'''....''icebox''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yom'''....''ice''
|-
| '''-yeb'''....''container'' || '''nyeb'''....''container'' || '''z&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bottle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zye(f)'''....''glass''&lt;br&gt;'''vos&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''vase''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vos'''....''flower''
|-
| '''-of'''....''material'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''t&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''clothes''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''t-'''....''human''&lt;br&gt;'''mis&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''curtain''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mis'''....''window''&lt;br&gt;'''fa&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wood''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''fa(b)-'''....''tree''&lt;br&gt;'''tay&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''leather''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tayo(b)'''....''skin''
|-
| '''-ov'''....''linen'' || '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''tey&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;'''....''collar''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teyob'''....''neck''
|-
| '''-ar'''....''instrument'' || '''sar'''....''tool'' ||'''p&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cart''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''p-'''....''motion''&lt;br&gt;'''zyup&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''rotor''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zyup'''....''turn''&lt;br&gt;'''gobr&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''knife''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''gobrar'''....''cut''&lt;br&gt;'''jwob&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''watch''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''jwob'''....''hour''
|-
| '''-ir'''....''machine'' || '''sir'''....''machine'' || '''dr&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''typewriter''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''dr-'''....''write''&lt;br&gt;'''gwob&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''clock''
|-
| '''-ur'''....''large machine'' || '''sur'''....''engine'' || '''p&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''car''&lt;br&gt;'''jwob&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''grandfather clock''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''jwob'''....''hour''
|-
| '''-(u)n'''....''thing'' || '''sun'''....''thing'' || '''d&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''word''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''d-'''....''utter, say''&lt;br&gt;'''gofr&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''piece, scrap''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''gofrer'''....''rip, shread, tear''&lt;br&gt;'''zyi&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''plaque, plate''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zyia'''....''flat''&lt;br&gt;'''vyu&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spot''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vyua'''....''dirty''
|-
| '''-on'''....''abstract thing'' || '''son'''....''issue'' || '''yov&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt;'''....''tort, wrong''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yov'''....''guilt''
|-
| '''yen'''....''manner, kind'' || '''byen'''....''manner'' || '''tex&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''opinion''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tex'''....''thought''&lt;br&gt;'''hi&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''this way, thus''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''hi-'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''es&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''status''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''es-'''....''exist''
|-
| '''-in'''....''-ism'' || '''tin'''....''doctrine'' || '''tot&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''theism, religion''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tot-'''....''god''&lt;br&gt;'''Krist&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Christianity''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Krist'''....''Christ''&lt;br&gt;'''vyisat&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''puritanism''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vysiat'''....''puritan, clean person''&lt;br&gt;'''otof&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''nudism''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''otofa'''....''nude''
|-
| '''-uf'''....''cylinder object'' || '''fuf'''....''pipe'' || '''man&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''candle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''man'''....''light''&lt;br&gt;'''tiib&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''artery''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tiib'''....''heart''&lt;br&gt;'''mil&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''toilet''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mil'''....''water''&lt;br&gt;'''mov&lt;u&gt;uf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cheminee''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mov'''....''smoke''
|-
| '''-uv'''....''cylinder object'' || '''fuf'''....''pipe'' || '''s&lt;u&gt;uv&lt;/u&gt;'''....''nail, peg, stud''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''s-'''....''furniture''&lt;br&gt;'''m&lt;u&gt;uv&lt;/u&gt;'''....''rod''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''m-'''....''masonry''
|-
| '''-ab'''....''government'' || '''dab'''....''government'' || '''dit&lt;u&gt;ab&lt;/u&gt;'''....''democracy''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''dit'''....''citizen''
|-
| '''-eb'''....''leader'' || '''deb'''....''leader'' || '''x&lt;u&gt;eb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''boss''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''x-'''....''do''&lt;br&gt;'''tam&lt;u&gt;eb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''master of the house''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tam'''....''house''
|-
| '''-ub'''....''branch'' || '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''pat&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wing''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''pat'''....''bird''
|-
| '''-ad'''....''language'' || '''-a''' + '''d(alzeyn)'''....''language'' || '''Frans&lt;u&gt;ad&lt;/u&gt;'''....''French (language)''
|-
| '''-uz'''....''jewelry'' || '''nuz'''....''jewel'' || '''teyob&lt;u&gt;uz&lt;/u&gt;'''....''necklace''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teyob'''....''neck''&lt;br&gt;'''teeb&lt;u&gt;uz&lt;/u&gt;'''....''earring''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teeb'''....''ear''
|-
| '''-u(er)'''....''give'' || '''buer'''....''give'' || '''tiebal&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''exhale''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung''  +  '''al'''....''air'' 
|-
| '''-i(er)'''....''take'' || '''bier'''....''take'' || '''tiebal&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''inhale''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung'' + '''al'''....''air''
|-
| '''-ui(er)'''....''exchange'' || '''buier'''....''exchange'' || '''tiebal&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;ier'''....''breathe''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung'' + '''al'''....''air''
|}


:'''''Derviational Suffixes'''''

::: Mirad has only a few derivational suffixes, i.e. suffixes that change the part of speech.

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Derivational Suffixes
|-
! DERIVATIONAL SUFFIX !! FUNCTION || BASE WORD --&gt; SUFFIXED DERIVATION
|-
| '''-er''' || NOUN --&gt; VERBAL INFINITIVE || '''sag'''....''count'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''sag&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to count''
|-
| '''-n''' || PRESENT TENSE VERB --&gt; VERBAL NOUN (GERUND)&lt;br&gt;ADJECTIVE --&gt; ABSTRACT NOUN || '''yexe'''....''(he/she/...) works'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''yexe&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''working''&lt;br&gt;'''via'''....''beautiful'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''via&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''beauty''&lt;br&gt;'''yuba'''....''near'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''yuba&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''proximity, nearness''
|-
| '''-a''' || NOUN --&gt; ADJECTIVE&lt;br&gt;ACTIVE VERB --&gt; VERBAL ADJECTIVE (PRESENT PARTICIPLE)&lt;br&gt;PAST PASSIVE VERB --&gt; PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE (ADJECTIVE)||'''mor'''....''universe'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''mor&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''universal''&lt;br&gt;'''ake'''....''wins'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ake&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''winning''&lt;br&gt;'''teatwa'''....''was seen'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''teatwa&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' (or, shortened to: '''teatw&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''seen'') 
|-
| '''-ya''' || INTRANSITIVE VERB STEM --&gt; PAST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE || '''ip-'''....''go away'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ip&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gone away''
|-
| '''-yea''' || VERB STEM --&gt; HABITUAL PRESENT PARTICIPLE (ADJECTIVE) || '''zaypas-'''....''progress'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''zaypas&lt;u&gt;yea&lt;/u&gt;'''....''progressive''
|-
| '''-y''' || ADJECTIVE --&gt; ADVERB ||  '''iga'''....''quick'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''iga&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;'''....''quickly''&lt;br&gt;'''tea-'''....''knowing''&lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''tea&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;'''....''knowingly''
|-
| '''-ut''' || VERB STEM --&gt; ANIMATE AGENT NOUN ''one who Xes, -er'' || '''ak-'''....''win'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ak&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;''' ....''winner''
|-
| '''-us''' || VERB STEM --&gt; INANIMATE AGENT NOUN ''thing that Xes, -er'' || '''gol-'''....''divide'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''gol&lt;u&gt;us&lt;/u&gt;''' ....''divisor''
|-
|- '''-t''' || ADJECTIVE --&gt; ANIMATE NOUN (human, one who is...) || '''yibtrawa'''....''well-known'' &lt;big&gt;---&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''yibtrawa&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''....''celebrity''
|-
|- '''-s''' || ADJECTIVE --&gt; INANIMATE NOUN (thing, something X) || '''otwa'''....''unknown'' &lt;big&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''otwa&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mystery''
|}

::: &lt;small&gt;*Derivational affixes change the part of speech of a base word, whereas inflexional affixes change the status of a word within a grammatical paradigm.  Verb tense/mood/voice affixes and the plural marker '''-i''' fall under the latter category.&lt;/small&gt;

:'''''Normal Semantic Suffixes'''''
:::* '''''Augmentative Suffixes'''''

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Augmentative Suffixes
|-
! AUGMENTATIVE SUFFIX !! BASE WORD !! SUFFIXED DERIVATION
|-
| '''-ag''' (augmentative) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamag'''....''mansion''
|-
| '''-ayg''' (affectionate augmentative) || '''sem'''....''chair'' || '''semayg'''....''big old chair''
|-
| '''-yag''' (pejorative augmentative) || '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apetyag'''....''nag''
|}

:::* '''''Diminutive Suffixes'''''

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Diminutive Suffixes
|-
! DIMINUTIVE SUFFIX !! BASE WORD !! SUFFIXED DERIVATION
|-
| '''-og''' (diminutive) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamog'''....''hut''
|-
| '''-oyg''' (affectionate diminutive) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamoyg'''....''cottage''
|-
| '''-yog''' (pejorative diminutive) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamyog'''....''shack''
|-
| '''-et''' (a smaller person) || '''twob'''....''man'' || '''twobet'''....''boy''
|-
| '''-es''' (thing of lesser importance) || '''nas'''....''money'' || '''nases'''....''change, coin''
|-
| '''-ud''' (child of, offspring) || '''tob'''....''man'' || '''tobud'''....''infant''
|}

:::* '''''Semantic Adjectival Suffixes'''''

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Semantic Adjectival Suffixes
|-
! ADJECTIVAL SUFFIX !! MEANING !! BASE WORD !! SUFFIXED DERIVATION
|-
| '''-a''' || '''mor'''....''universe'' || ''related to, -al, -ic'' || '''mora'''....''universal''
|-
| '''-aya''' || '''miek'''....''dust'' || ''full of, -ous, -y'' || '''miekaya'''....''dusty''
|-
| '''-oya''' || '''vyun'''....''spot'' || ''empty of, -less, -free'' || '''vyunoya'''....''spotless''
|-
| '''-ika''' || '''miek'''....''dust'' || ''full of, -ous, -y'' || '''miekika'''....''dusty''
|-
| '''-uka''' || '''miek'''....''dust'' || ''empty of, -less, -free'' || '''miekuka'''....''dust-free''
|-
| '''-yea''' || '''vyod'''....''lie'' || ''given to doing X, -ive'' || '''vyodyea'''....''mendacious, given to lying''
|-
| '''-yena''' || '''tat'''....''angel'' || ''like, -ly, -ic'' || '''tatyena'''....''angelic''
|}
:::* '''''Other Semantic Suffixes'''''

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Other Semantic Suffixes
|-
! SUFFIX !! BASE WORD|| DERIVATION
|-
| '''-tun'''....''science, ...ology'' || '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''biology''
|-
| '''-tut'''....''-ologist, expert, -ist'' || '''dar'''....''language'' || '''dar&lt;u&gt;tut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''linquist''
|-
| '''-tuin'''....''theory'' || '''tob'''....''mar'' ||  '''mar&lt;u&gt;tuin&lt;/u&gt;'''....''astrology''
|-
| '''-yan'''....''collection, aggregate'' || '''fab'''....''tree''|| '''fab&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''forest''
|-
|'''-tyen'''....''trade, -ics'' ||  '''sir'''....''machine'' || '''sir&lt;u&gt;tyen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mechanics''
|-
| '''-if'''....''pet name'' || '''twed'''....''father'' || '''twed&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''papa''
|-
| '''ifa'''....''-philic, -loving'' || '''dyes'''....''book'' || '''dyes&lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bibliophilic''
|-
| '''ifwa'''....''liked by'' || '''tyod'''....''people'' || '''tyod&lt;u&gt;ifwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''popular''
|-
| '''ufa'''....''-phobic, -hating'' || '''toyb'''....''woman'' || '''toyb&lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''misogynous''
|-
| '''ufwa'''....''hated by'' || '''tyod'''....''people'' || '''tyod&lt;u&gt;ufwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''unpopular''
|-
| '''yafa'''....''able to'' || '''tyoyap-'''....''walk'' || '''tyoyap&lt;u&gt;yafa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ambulatory''
|-
| '''yafwa'''....''possible to'' || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teat&lt;u&gt;yafwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''visible''
|-
| '''yofa'''....''unable to'' || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teat&lt;u&gt;yofa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''blind''
|-
| '''yofwa'''....''impossible to'' || '''dye-'''....''read'' || '''dye&lt;u&gt;yofwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''illegible''
|-
| '''yika'''....''hard of...ing'' || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teet&lt;u&gt;yika&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hard of hearing''
|-
| '''yikwa'''....''hard to'' || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teet&lt;u&gt;yikwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hard to hear''
|- 
| '''yuka'''....''easy at...ing'' || '''vatex-'''....''believe'' || '''vatex&lt;u&gt;yuka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gullible''
|-
| '''yukwa'''....''easily...ed'' || '''test-'''....''understand'' || '''test&lt;u&gt;yukwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''easily understood''
|-
| '''yufa'''....''fearful of, -phobic'' || '''tot'''....''god'' || '''tot&lt;u&gt;yufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''god-fearing''
|-
| '''yufwa'''....''feared'' || '''hyat'''....''everybody'' || '''hyat&lt;u&gt;yufwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''feared by all''
|-
| '''yiva'''....''free to'' || '''kebi-'''....''choose'' || '''kebi&lt;u&gt;yiva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''free to choose''
|-
| '''efa'''....''needful of'' || '''tel'''....''food'' || '''tel&lt;u&gt;efa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hungry''
|-
| '''efwa'''....''necessary to'' || '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;efa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''vital''
|-
| '''yefa'''....''duty-bound to, -worthy of'' || '''dud'''....''answer'' || '''dud&lt;u&gt;yefa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''responsible''
|-
| '''yefwa'''....''due, -worthy of'' || '''fid-'''....''laud'' || '''fid&lt;u&gt;yefwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''praiseworthy''
|-
| '''afa'''....''authorized to'' || '''dokebi-'''....''vote'' || '''dokebi&lt;u&gt;afa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''franchised''
|-
| '''ofwa'''....''prohibited to'' || '''movi-'''....''smoke'' || '''movi&lt;u&gt;ofwa&lt;/u&gt;gonem'''....''no-smoking zone''
|-
| '''yiva'''....''free to'' || '''kebi-'''....''choose'' || '''kebi&lt;u&gt;yiva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''free to choose''
|-
| '''yivwa'''....''free to be ...ed'' || '''kebi-'''....''choose'' || '''kebi&lt;u&gt;yivwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''optional''
|-
| '''yuva'''....''bound'' || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tam&lt;u&gt;yuva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''house-bound''
|-
| '''ova'''....''resistant, anti-'' || '''aagdovyab'''....''constitution'' || '''aagdovyab&lt;u&gt;ova&lt;/u&gt;'''....''anti-constitutional''
|-
| '''ava'''....''in favor of, pro-'' || '''tyodab'''....''democracy'' || '''tyodab&lt;u&gt;ava&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pro-democracy''
|-
| '''eva'''....''neutral'' || '''toos'''....''gender'' || '''toos&lt;u&gt;eva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gender-neutral''
|}

==== Rule #3: Ordinal Vowel Scaling ====

: Creating a hierarchy of scalar terms applies only to base words of the Group 1.  The hierarchy of scalar terms is built by increasing the numeric value of the ordinal vowel of the base word as the importance or relevance of the word decreases from the topmost, zeroth object.  This process is called '''''first-level ordinal scaling'''''.

::* '''First-level Ordinal Scaling'''

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ First-level Ordinal Scaling
|- valign=top
! t...b !! m...r !! j...b !! m...s !! t...m !! d...b || f...b || s...m || d...t || t...d
|-
| '''tob'''....''man'' || '''mor'''....''universe'' || '''job'''....''time'' || '''mos'''....''floor''|| '''tom'''....''building'' || '''dob'''....''state'' || '''fob'''....''plant'' || '''som'''....''furniture''||'''dot'''....''society''||'''tod'''....''family''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''mar'''....''sun'' || '''jab'''....''year'' || '''mas'''....''wall'' || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''dab'''....''government'' || '''fab'''....''tree'' || '''sam'''....''armoire''||'''dat'''....''friend'' || '''tad'''....''spouse''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''mer'''....''planet'' || '''jeb'''....''season''|| '''mes'''....''door'' || '''tem'''....''hall'' || '''deb'''....''leader'' || '''feb'''....''fruit'' || '''sem'''....''table''||'''det'''....''associate'' || '''ted'''....''parent''
|-
| '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''mir'''....''earth'' || '''jib'''....''month'' || '''mis'''....''window'' || '''tim'''....''room'' || '''dib'''....''office'' || '''fib'''....''tree trunk'' || '''sim'''....''chair''||'''dit'''....''citizen'' || '''tid'''....''sibling''
|-
| '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''mur'''....''moon'' || '''jub'''....''day'' || '''mus'''....''stairs'' || '''tum'''....''cell'' || '''dub'''....''minister'' || '''fub'''....''branch'' || '''sum'''....''bed''||'''dut'''....''gentleperson'' || '''tud'''....''child
|-
| '''tyob'''....''leg'' || || '''jwob*'''....''hour'' || || || || '''fyob'''....''root'' || ||'''tyod'''....''people''
|-
| &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || '''jwab*'''....''minute'' || || || || || ||
|-
| &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || '''jweb*'''....''second'' || || || || || ||
|}

::: &lt;small&gt;* These would normally be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''', but the '''y'''-glide is replaced by a '''w'''-glide for ease of pronunciation.&lt;/small&gt;

::* '''Second-level Ordinal Scaling'''

::: A second-level hierarchy of scalar words can be creating by adding a vowel immediately after the ordinal vowel of the word stem.  

::: Examples:
 
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Second-level Ordinal Scaling
|-
! '''mi...p''' !! '''me...p''' !! '''tu...b''' !! '''tyo...b'''!! '''ma...f''' !! '''me...g''' || '''Me...r'''||'''do...b'''
|-
| '''mip'''....''river'' || '''mep'''....''way'' || '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''tyob'''....''leg'' || '''maf'''....''cloud'' || '''meg'''....''stone'' || '''mer'''....''planet''|| '''dob'''....''state'', '''doob'''....''nation''
|-
| '''miap'''....''stream'' || '''meap'''....''road'' || '''tuab'''....''shoulder'' || '''tyoab'''....''hip''|| '''maaf'''....''stratus'' || '''meag'''....''marble'' || '''Mear'''....''Mercury''||'''doab'''...''fatherland''
|-
| '''miep'''....''brook'' || '''meep'''....''path'' || '''tueb'''....''upper arm'' || '''tyoeb'''....''thigh''|| '''maef'''....''cumulus'' || '''meeg'''....''slate'' || '''Meer'''....''Venus''||'''doeb'''....''province, state''
|-
| '''miip'''....''rivulet'' || '''meip'''....''trail'' || '''tuib'''....''elbow'' || '''tyoib'''....''knee''|| '''maif'''....''stratocumulus'' || '''meig'''....''granite'' ||  '''Meir'''....''Earth''||'''doib'''....''county, shire''
|-
| '''miup'''....''torrent'' || '''meup'''....''track'' || '''tuub'''....''forearm'' || '''tyoub'''....''shin''|| '''mauf'''....''cumulonimbus'' || '''meug'''....''clay, dough'' || '''Meur'''....''Mars''|| '''doub'''....''district''
|-
| '''miyop'''....''trickle'' ||  || '''tuyob'''....''wrist'' || '''tyoyob'''....''ankle''||'''mayof'''....''nimbostatus'' || '''meyog'''....''china'' || '''Meyor'''....''Jupiter''||
|-
|  ||  || '''tuyab'''....''hand'' || '''tyoyab'''....''foot''||'''mayaf'''....''altostratus'' || '''meyag'''....''chalk'' || '''Meyar'''....''Saturn''||
|-
|  ||  || '''tuyeb'''....''fist'' || '''tyoyeb'''....''heel''|| '''mayef'''....''altocumulus'' || '''meyeg'''....''limestone'' || '''Meyer'''....''Uranus''||
|-
|  ||  || '''tuyib'''....''palm'' || '''tyoyib'''....''sole''|| '''mayif'''....''cirrus'' || '''meyig'''....''alabaster'' || '''Meyir'''....''Pluto''||
|-
|  ||  || '''tuyub'''....''finger'' || '''tyoyub'''....''toe''|| '''mayuf'''....''cirrostratus'' || '''meyug'''....''gypsum''|| ||
|-
|  ||  || '''tulob'''....''fingernail'' || '''tyolob'''....''toenail''||'''malof'''....''cirrocumulus'' || ||
|}
::* '''Third-level Ordinal Scaling'''

::: A third-level hierarchy can be created by adding a third ordinal number vowel to the front of the word.

::: Example:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Third-level Ordinal Scaling
|-
! ...tuyub
|-
| '''tuyub'''....''finger''
|-
| '''atuyub'''....''thumb''
|-
| '''etuyub'''....''index''
|-
| '''ituyub'''....''middle finger''
|-
| '''utuyub'''....''ring finger''
|-
| '''yotuyub'''....''pinky''
|}

::: So, to sum up, we have:

::::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Summary of Scaling
|-
! '''t...b''' !! '''tob''' = ''human being''
|-
| FIRST-LEVEL || '''tub'''....''arm''
|-
| SECOND-LEVEL || '''tuyub'''....''finger''
|-
| THIRD-LEVEL || '''atuyub'''....''thumb''
|}

::* '''Scaling with Prefixed Numbering'''

::: We can also obtain a very convenient classification for new words through prefixed numbering even though there is no first-level or second-level numbering. 

::: Example:

::::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Prefix Numbering
|-
! ...dob !! ...pet !! ...deb !! ...mez
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''pet'''....''animal'' ||  '''deb'''....''leader'' || '''mez'''....''gem''
|-
| '''adob'''....''empire'' || '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''adeb'''....''emperor'' || '''amez'''....''diamond''
|-
| '''edob'''....''kingdom'' || '''epet'''....''bull'' || '''edeb'''....''king'' || '''emez'''....''topaz''
|-
| '''idob'''....''principality'' || '''ipet'''....''ass'' || '''ideb'''....''prince'' || '''imez'''....''ruby''
|-
| '''udob'''....''duchy'' || '''upet'''....''ram''  || '''udeb'''....''duke'' || '''umez'''....''emerald''
|-
| '''yodob'''....''marquisate'' || '''yopet'''....''goat'' || '''yodeb'''....''marquis'' || '''yomez'''....''saphire''
|-
| '''yadob'''....''county''  || '''yapet'''....''pig'' || '''yadeb'''....''count'' || '''yamez'''....''lapis lazuli''
|-
| '''yedob'''....''dominion'' || '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yedeb'''....''lord'' || '''yemez'''....''amthyst''
|-
| '''yudob'''....''barony'' || '''yupet'''....''rabbit'' || '''yudeb'''....''baron'' || '''yumez'''....''quartz''
|}

==== Rule #4: Overlapping ====
: When combining two words, if the generic (final) consonant of the first word is the same as the classifier (first) consonant of the second word, the generic consonant of the determining word is dropped.  This results in '''''overlapping'''''.

: Examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Overlapping in Compounds
|-
! FIRST WORD !! SECOND WORD !! PORTMANTEAU
|-
| '''dom'''....''city'' || '''mep'''....''road'' || '''domep'''....''boulevard''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''teub'''....''mouth'' || '''pateub'''....''beak''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''patub'''....''wing''
|-
| '''teypib'''....''tooth'' || '''byok'''....''pain'' || '''teypibyok'''....''toothache''
|}

==== Rule #5: Adding Ordinal Vowels ====
: When forming a compound word with the words of a same family of terms, if the ordinal vowel is an '''o''', replace it with the ordinal vowel of the determinant word.

: Examples:

::* '''idob'''....''kingdom''      -&gt; '''deb'''....''chief''  -&gt; '''ideb'''....''monarch'' ('''dweb'''....''king'', '''deyb'''....''queen'')
::* '''udob'''....''principality'' -&gt; '''deb'''....''chief''  -&gt; '''udeb'''....''prince'' ('''udweb'''....''prince'', '''udeyb'''....''princess'')

: By contrast, if the two words are already ordered, the vowel of the determinant (first word) is inserted between the ordinal vowel of the determined (second) word and the generic (final) consonant:

: Examples:

: '''mil'''....''water''   +   '''mal'''....''air''  -&gt;  '''mial'''....''vapor, steam''

==== Rule #6: Swapping Generic Consonants ====
: When the generic (final) consonant of a base word is replaced by that of another base word, the entire family of the latter undergoes the transformation by the new generic consonant. 

: Example:
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;
'''to&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;'''↘
  &lt;sup&gt;human&lt;/sup&gt; → '''tof'''....''clothing''
  &lt;sup&gt;commercial&lt;/sup&gt; → '''nof'''....''cloth'' 
'''no&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;'''↗ 
&lt;/div&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Swapping Generic Consonants
|-
! BASE WORD 1 !! BASE WORD 2 !! DERIVED WORD
|-
| '''tob'''....''human'' || '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''tov'''....''lingerie''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''taf'''....''suit''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tef'''....''hat''
|-
| '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tif'''....''vest''
|-
| '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tyoyaf'''....''shoe''
|-
| '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''tyoyav'''....''sock''
|-
| '''tuyab'''....''hand''  || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tuyaf'''....''glove''
|-
| '''doob'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''nation'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''doof'''....''flag''
|-
| '''taob'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''flesh'' || '''tol'''....''food'' || '''taol'''....''meat''
|}

:&lt;small&gt;* This is a derived, not base, word, but the principle holds.&lt;/small&gt;

==== Rule #7: Coding Chemical Elements ====
: The names of chemical elements are formed by converting the abbreviation for the element into Mirad lowercase alphabetic equivalents, then adding '''mul''' for solids, '''mil''' for liquids, '''mal''' for gases, and '''mol''' for those elements whose property is unknown.  For example, the abbreviation for ''hydrogen'' is ''H''.  So we replace that with the word for lowercase '''h''' in Mirad: '''he'''.  Since, hydrogen is known to be a gas, the word '''mal''' (''gas, air'') is appended, yielding '''hemal''' (''hydrogen'').  The following chart shows some other examples:  

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Coding Chemical Elements
|-
! ENGLISH ELEMENT NAME !! ABBREVIATION !! TYPE !! MIRAD NAME
|-
| ''silver'' || ''Ar'' || solid || '''aromul'''
|-
| ''iron'' || ''Fe'' || solid || '''feemul'''
|-
| ''hydrogen'' || ''H'' || gas || '''hemal'''
|-
| ''nitrogen'' || ''N'' || gas || '''nimal'''
|-
| ''mercury'' || ''Hg'' || liquid || '''hegemil'''
|-
| ''darmstadtium'' || ''Ds'' || unknown || '''dasomol'''
|}
: Chemical compounds such as ''H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O (hydrogen dioxide)'' are coded in the following manner.
::# The ''H'' for ''hydrogen'' is rendered as '''he''' (without the '''-mal''').
::# The number 2 refers to two hydrogen atoms, so the Mirad prefix for ''two, bi-'', '''en-''' is prefixed to the '''h''', giving '''enhe'''.
::# The word for ''oxygen'', '''omal''' is added, giving '''enheomal'''.  
::# The English word ends in ''-ide'', which is rendered in Mirad as '''-iz''', giving '''enheomaliz'''  

:Such chemical suffix equivalents are given below:

: Given the chemical element ''sulfur'', which has the abbreviation ''S'', the Mirad equivalent for this solid is '''somul'''.  Possible variants of this chemical are:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Chemical Suffix Equivalents
|-
! ENGLISH SUFFIX !! MIRAD EQUIVALENT !! ENGLISH EXAMPLE !! MIRAD EQUIVALENT
|-
| ''-ide'' || '''-iz''' || ''sulfide'' || '''somuliz'''
|-
| ''-ite'' || '''-is''' || ''sulfite'' || '''somulis'''
|-
| ''-ate'' || '''-as''' || ''sulfate'' || '''somulas'''
|}

: Examples:

::* ''sodium bicarbonate''....'''niamul encamulas'''
::* ''calcium dihydrogen phosphate''....'''caamul enhemul pomulas'''

==== Rule #8: Marking Words for Gender ====
: Words in Mirad are neutral with respect to gender, but specifically masculine or feminine gender can be marked in animate nouns and pronouns with the use of the masculine infix '''w''' and the feminine infix '''y'''.

::* To make a neutral animate noun or pronoun specifically male, precede the ordinal (stem) vowel with '''w'''.
::* To make a neutral animate noun or pronoun specifically female, follow the ordinal (stem) vowel with '''y'''.

: Examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Marking Words for Gender
|-
! GENDER NEUTRAL !! MALE !! FEMALE
|-
| '''tob'''....''human being'' || '''twob'''....''man'' || '''toyb'''....''woman''
|-
| '''tobet'''....''young person'' || '''twobet'''....''boy'' || '''toybet'''....''girl''
|-
| '''ted'''....''parent'' || '''twed'''....''father'' || '''teyd'''....''mother''
|-
| '''it'''....''he/she/it'' || '''wit'''....''he'' || '''iyt'''....''she''
|-
| '''apat'''....''cock'' || '''apwat'''....''rooster'' || '''apayt'''....''hen''
|}

::* Inanimate objects, such as items of clothing, can be &quot;femininized&quot; in a similar way.  In such a case, the feminized form refers to an object that is for woman, rather than men, eg.:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Feminizing Nouns
|-
! MALE-ORIENTED !!  FEMALE-ORIENTED
|-
| '''taf'''....''suit'' || '''tayf'''....''dress''
|-
| '''tyoyav'''....''sock'' || '''tyoyayv'''....''stockings''
|-
| '''tiav'''....''shirt'' || '''tiav'''....''blouse''
|}

==== Rule #9: Deriving Words with Geo-specific Vowels ====

: A series of related words can be derived from a Group 1 base word by replacing the ordinal vowel with one of the following vowels, which have certain specific meanings, usually geographical.

: Geo-specific Vowels:

::* '''o'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''outer space, abstract object, initial stuff'''
::* '''a'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''sky, air, gas'''
::* '''e'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''land, soil, solid'''
::* '''i'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''sea, water, liquid'''
::* '''u'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''underground, mineral, concrete object'''

:: Examples:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deriving Words with Geo-specific Vowels
|-
! '''m...p''' !! '''m...m''' !! '''d...p''' !! '''p...t''' !! '''m...l''' !! '''m...r'''
|-
| '''mop'''....''orbit'' || '''mom'''....''space'' || '''dop'''....''military'' || '''pot'''....''animal'' || '''mol'''....''nature'' || '''mor'''....''universe''
|-
| '''map'''....''wind'' || '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''dap'''....''air force'' || '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''mal'''....''air'' || '''mar'''....''star''
|-
| '''mep'''....''road''|| '''mem'''....''land''|| '''dep'''....''army'' || '''pet'''....''land animal'' || '''mel'''....''soil'' || '''mer'''....''planet''
|-
| '''mip'''....''river''|| '''mim'''....''sea''|| '''dip'''....''marine force'' || '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''mir'''....''world''
|-
| '''mup'''....''tunnel''|| '''mum'''....''underground'' ||  ||  || '''mul'''....''mineral'' || '''mur'''....''moon''
|}

: This vowel codification also allows generating other categories of words by infixing, just before the generic (final) consonant, a vowel having the value that is attributed to it in Rule #9.  This creates &quot;hybrid&quot; nouns.  See the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Hybrids|Hybrids]] for more on this subject.

:: Examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hybrid nouns
|-
! FIRST-LEVEL DERIVATION !! + GEOSPECIFIC VOWEL !! SECOND-LEVEL DERIVATION
|-
| '''pet'''....''land animal''  || '''i'''....''water, sea''|| '''peit'''....''aquatic mammal''
|-
| '''pelt'''....''insect'' || '''a'''....''air, sky''|| '''pelat'''....''flying insect'' 
|-
| '''mel'''....''soil'' || '''i'''....''water, sea'' || '''meil'''....''mud''
|-
| '''mil'''....''air'' || '''a'''....''air, gas'' || '''mial'''....''vapor''
|}

==== Rule #10: Deriving Words with Directional and Positional Vowels ====
: The rule for deriving words with directional and positional vowels starts with the following schema:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Directional and Positional Vowel Values
|-
| colspan=8 align=center | '''A'''
|-
| rowspan=6 align=center | '''U''' ||  || '''a'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' ||'''ya'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; ||  || rowspan=6 align=center | '''I''' 
|-
| '''u''' → || || '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;'''||'''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' || || → '''i'''
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || ||'''e''' ||'''ye''' || || '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || || colspan=2 align=center| '''E'''  || || '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| '''yu''' → || || || || || → '''yi'''
|-
|  || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''o''' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; || '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''yo''' || 
|-
| colspan=8 align=center| '''O'''
|}

:: Explanation of the above chart:

:::* If the vowel is capitalized, it indicates a '''''positional''''' value. It is used in its lowercase spelling as a prefix in Group I words.
:::* The non-capitalized vowels (including y-glides) indicate '''''directional''''' values.
:::* If the vowel is underlined, it means that it is placed '''''before''''' the classifier consonant (prefixed) in verbs
:::* Otherwise, a normal vowel means that it is placed '''''after''''' the classifier consonant (infixed) in Group 2 words.  

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;
|+ Explanation of the Vowel Meanings Chart
|-
| '''A''' || position || || on, above, north || '''amer'''....''north''
|-
| '''a''' || movement || (free) || ''on'' || '''baer'''....''lean''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''onto''||'''aber'''....''put on''
|-
| '''ya''' || movement || (free) || ''up, ascend''|| '''byaer'''....''lift''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''up, get up, set up''|| '''yaber'''....''raise''
|-
| '''O''' || position || || under, lower, south|| '''omer'''....''south''
|-
| '''o''' || movement || (free) || ''off''|| '''boer'''....''hang''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''on the bottom of, underneath''|| '''oper'''....''get off''
|-
| '''yo''' || movement || (free) || ''down''|| '''pyoser'''....''fall''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''fall''|| '''yoper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''U''' || position || || left, west|| '''umer'''....''west''
|-
| '''u''' || movement || (free) || ''move toward the center, come''|| '''uber'''....''send''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''reach the center, arrive''|| '''pyuer'''....''reach''
|-
| '''yu''' || movement || (free) || ''near, approach''|| '''yuber'''....''approach''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''near, reach''|| '''byuser'''....''touch''
|-
| '''I''' || position || || right, east|| '''imer'''....''east''
|-
| '''i''' || movement || (free) || ''from the center out, go away''|| '''pier'''....''go away''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from the center out, leave''|| '''iper'''....''leave''
|-
| '''yi''' || movement || (free) || ''away, go far''|| '''yiper'''....''go far''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from afar, originate''|| '''pyiser'''....''originate''
|-
| '''E''' || position || || center, equator|| '''emer'''....''equator''
|-
| '''e''' || rest ||  || ''between''|| '''eb'''....''between''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;''' || rest ||  || ''at, stay, hold''|| '''bexer'''....''hold''
|-
| '''ye''' || movement ||  || ''in, into, enter''|| '''yeper'''....''enter''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' ||  ||(contact)  || ''up against, strike''|| '''pyexer'''....''strike''
|}

:: '''''Special value of certain vowels'''''

: The prefixes '''a-''' or '''an-''' meaning ''one, sole, singular'' contrast with
: the prefixes '''ya-''' or '''yan-''' meaning ''collection, plural''.
: Also, the prefix '''yan-''' meaning ''together'' contrasts with '''yon-'''....''apart''.

==== Rule #11: Deriving Words with Mnemonic Patterns ====
: Sometimes part of a derived word can serve as a mnemonic pattern for forming other words having some relationship or parallelism in meaning.

: For example, '''eu''' pattern in the word for mouth, '''teud''' can be used to form many other words having an oral, acoustic, vocal, or sound-related meaning:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Mnemonic Pattern Derivation
|-
! PATTERN WORD&lt;br&gt;'''teub'''....''mouth'' !! CLASSIFIER !! GENERIC
|-
| '''teud'''....''shout'' || '''t''' = human || '''d''' = communication
|-
| '''teuz'''....''voice'' || '''t''' = human || '''z''' = art
|-
| '''deuz'''....''song''  || '''d''' = communication || '''z''' = art
|-
| '''seuz'''....''tone''  || '''s''' = thing || '''z''' = art
|-
| '''seux'''....''sound'' || '''s''' = thing || '''x''' = action
|-
| '''xeus'''....''noise'' || '''x''' = action || '''s''' = thing
|}

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ More Mnemonic Pattern Derivations
|-
! PATTERN WORD&lt;br&gt;'''teab'''....''eye'' !! '''(t)ea-''' = ''see'' !! GENERIC
|-
| '''teaper'''....''visit'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''go''
|-
| '''teader'''....''witness'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''say''
|-
| '''teaxer'''....''look'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teaser'''....''seem'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''s''' = ''be''
|-
| '''teater'''....''see'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''t''' = ''know''
|-
| '''keaxer'''....''scan''  || '''ke-''' = ''seek'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''vyaleaxer'''....''check''  || '''vyal-''' = ''certain''|| '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''yoneater'''....''distinguish'' || '''yon-''' = ''apart''|| '''t''' = ''know''
|-
| '''beaxer'''....''guard'' || '''be-''' = ''hold'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teatier'''....''perceive'' || || '''-i-''' = subject-directed
|-
| '''teatuer'''....''show'' || || '''-u-''' = object-directed
|-
! PATTERN WORD&lt;br&gt;'''teeb'''....''ear'' !! '''(t)ee-''' = ''hear'' !! GENERIC
|-
| '''teeper'''....''attend'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''go''
|-
| '''teeder'''....''testify'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''say''
|-
| '''teexer'''....''listen'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teeser'''....''sound (like)'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''s''' = ''be''
|-
| '''teeter'''....''hear'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''t''' = ''know''
|-
| '''keexer'''....''scan (acoustically)''  || '''ke-''' = ''seek'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''koteexer'''....''snoop on''  || '''ko-''' = ''hide'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''vyaleexer'''....''sound out''  || '''vyal-''' = certain || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teetier'''....''get wind of'' || || '''-i-''' = subject-directed
|-
| '''teetuer'''....''make heard'' || || '''-u-''' = object-directed
|-
| '''zyateetuer'''....''rumor'' || '''zya-''' = ''all around'' || '''-u-''' = objected-directed
|}

: A syllable of a long compound can be suppressed as long as it does not cause ambiguity or confusion.

: Examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Shortening Long Compounds
|-
! WORD 1 !! WORD 2 !! LONG COMPOUND !! SHORTENED COMPOUND
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''teuder'''....''make a noise'' || *'''apeteuder''' || '''apeder'''....''neigh''
|- 
| '''ipet'''....''donkey'' || '''teuder'''....''make a noise'' || *'''ipeteuder''' || '''ipeder'''....''bray''
|-
| '''vafeb'''....''grape'' || '''il'''....''liquid'' || *'''vafebil'''....''grape juice'' || '''vafil'''....''wine''
|}

: Sometimes, the last syllable of a compound will give birth to a new words whose derivations, through the application of this rule, will not be long.

: Examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Building on Shortened Compounds
|-
! COMPOUND !! NEW SHORTER WORD
|-
| '''tilabil'''....''breast milk'' || '''bil'''....''milk''
|-
| '''fauf'''....''log'' || '''-uf'''....(stub suffix for types of) ''cylinder''
|-
| '''zyeg'''....''hole'' || '''-yeg'''....(stub suffix for types of) ''hole'', ''hollow thing''
|}

: The clipped word '''bil''' now gives rise to other compounds:

::* '''bilyig'''....''cheese''
::* '''bilyigem'''....''cheese factory''
::* '''bilyug'''....''butter''
::* '''bilyugyena'''....''butter-like''
: The word '''mufyeg''' (Lit: hollow stick) means '''pipe, reed'''

==== Rule #12: Deriving Nuanced Words Phonetically ====

: Words which follow Rule #12 are those that are connected by a similarity of meaning or quality. These words differ by nuances and it is phonetic nuances that govern their formation.

: These nuances are obtained by:

:* Addition of a subordinal vowel of the same type as the ordinal vowel.

:: These vowels are:

::: '''a''' for '''a''' and '''ya'''
::: '''e''' for '''e''' and '''ye'''
::: '''i''' for '''i''' and '''yi'''
::: '''o''' for '''o''' and '''yo'''
::: '''u''' for '''u''' and '''yu'''

:: Examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Creating Nuances with a Doubled Vowel
|-
! WORD !! NUANCED DERIVATION
|-
| '''nad'''....''line'' || '''naad'''....''rail''
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''doob'''....''nation''
|-
| '''vyab'''....''rule'' || '''vyaab'''....''system''
|-
| '''boka'''....''sick'' || '''booka'''....''tired''
|}

:* Post-y-gliding the ordinal vowel or subordinal vowel, to produce a nuance of '''''less'''''' intensity:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deintensification with Post-y-gliding
|-
! WORD !! MITIGATED DERIVATION
|-
| '''ifer'''....''love'' || '''iyfer'''....''like''
|-
| '''iva'''....''happy'' || '''iyva'''....''glad''
|-
| '''zyutom'''....''tower'' || '''zyutoym'''....''turret''
|-
| '''ama'''....''hot'' || '''ayma'''....''warm''
|-
| '''oma'''....''cold'' || '''oyma'''....''cool''
|}

:* Pre-y-gliding the ordinal vowel or subordinal vowel, to produce a nuance of '''''greater''''' intensity:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Intensification with Pre-y-Gliding
|-
! WORD !! ENHANCED DERIVATION
|-
| '''pot'''....''wild animal'' || '''pyot'''....''predator animal''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''pyat'''....''bird of prey''
|-
| '''tod'''....''family'' || '''tyod'''....''people''
|-
| '''oma'''....''cold'' || '''yoma'''....''frozen''
|-
| '''nuxer'''....''pay'' || '''nyuxer'''....''deliver''
|}


:* Following the ordinal vowel or the generic consonant with the intensifying liquid '''l''' or the further intensifying liquid '''r''':

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Intensification with L and R
|-
! WORD !! L-INTENSIFIED || R-INTENSIFIED
|-
| '''ifer'''....''love'' || '''ifler'''....''be fond of'' || '''ifrer'''....''adore''
|-
| '''iva'''....''happy'' || '''ivla'''....''content'' || '''ivra'''....''enchanted''
|-
| '''vaa'''....''affirmative'' || '''vala'''....''sure'' || '''vara'''....''evident''
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agla'''....''great'' || '''agra'''....''capital''
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gala'''....''multiple'' || '''gara'''....''exponential''
|-
| '''baer'''....''lean on'' || '''baler'''....''press'' || '''barer'''....''crush''
|-
| '''yexer'''....''work'' || '''yexler'''....''labor''' || '''yexrer'''....''toil, slave''
|}

:* Adding consonants other than '''l''' or '''r''' as the generic consonant:

: Some words have so many nuanced varieties that other letters like '''t''', '''f''', '''s''', '''k''', and '''z''' are used as the generic consonant, eg.:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Creating Nuances with Other Consonants
|-
! WORD !! NUANCED DERIVATION
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || '''fika'''....''perfect''
|-
| '''fua'''....''bad'' || '''futa'''....''wicked''
|-
| '''gea'''....''equal'' || '''geta'''....''identical''
|-
| '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vyaka'''....''correct''
|-
| '''vyoa'''....''false'' || '''vyoka'''....''incorrect''
|-
| '''yiga'''....''hard'' || '''yigza'''....''sour''
|-
| '''yuga'''....''soft'' || '''yugfa'''....''smooth''
|}

:* Transforming the generic consonant from voiced to unvoiced or vice versa:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Voicing or Devoicing Consonants for Nuance
|-
! WORD !! NUANCED DERIVATION
|-
| '''nab'''....''row'' || '''nap'''....''order''
|-
| '''vyava'''....''just'' || '''vyafa'''....''precise''
|-
| '''jwab'''....''minute'' || '''jwap'''....''moment''
|-
| '''jweb'''....''second'' || '''jwep'''....''instant''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''tap'''....''physique''
|-
| '''tob'''....''person'' || '''top'''....''soul, animus''
|-
| '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''nof'''....''cloth''
|-
| '''naz'''....''value'' || '''nas'''....''money''
|-
| '''nag'''....''dimension'' || '''nak'''...''unit of measurement''
|}

=== Forming Adjectives ===

: You can form an adjective by adding the suffix '''a''' to a substantive, adverb, or preposition. By substantive is meant a noun, pronoun, or gerund.  Any of these can be adjectivized.

: Examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deriving Adjectives
|-
! NOUN !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| '''taam'''....''home'' || '''taama'''....''domestic''
|-
| '''doob'''....''nation'' || '''dooba'''....''national''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''teja'''....''vital''
|-
| '''tyoyapyaf'''....''ability to walk'' || '''tyoyapyafa'''....''ambulatory''
|-
| '''martun'''....''astronomy'' || '''martuna'''....''astronomical''
|-
! PRONOUN !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| '''at'''....''I, me'' || '''ata'''....''my''
|-
| '''eut'''....''yourself'' || '''euta'''....''your own''
|-
| '''hiyen'''....''this kind'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of''
|-
| '''duhat?'''....''who?'' || '''duhata?'''....''whose?''
|-
! GERUND !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| '''ifeken'''....''recreation'' || '''ifekena'''....''recreational''
|-
! VERB FORM !! ADJECTIVE (= PARTICIPLE)
|-
| '''teje'''....''(he) lives'' || '''tejea'''....''living''
|-
| '''tojo'''....''will die'' || '''tojoa'''....''moribund, about to die''
|-
| '''tojbu'''....''would kill'' || '''tojbua'''....''lethal''
|- 
| '''twa'''....''was known'' || '''twaa'''....''known'' (usu. shortened to '''twa''')
|}
==== Adjectival Suffixes ====

: Various types of adjectives can be created with adjectival suffixes beyond just '''a'''.

: Examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deriving Other Adjectives
|-
! SUFFIX !! MEANING !! NOUN !! ADJECTIVE
|-
! -aya !! ''full of, having, -ous, -ful, -ly'' !! !!
|-
|  || || '''voz'''....''color'' || '''vozaya'''....''colorful''
|-
|  || || '''futax'''....''resentment'' || '''futaxaya'''....''resentful''
|-
| || || '''tiibil'''....''blood'' || '''tiibilaya'''....''bloody''
|-
| || || '''yilf'''....''courage'' || '''yilfaya'''....''courageous''
|-
! -oya !! ''bereft of, -less, un-'' !! !!
|-
| || || '''voz'''....''color'' || '''vozoya'''....''colorless, pale''
|-
| || || '''tajyaf'''....''talent'' || '''tajyafoya'''....''untalented''
|-
! -ika !! ''full of, -ous, -ful, -y'' (same as '''-aya''') !! !!
|-
| || || '''map'''....''wind'' || '''mapika'''....''windy''
|-
! -uka !! ''bereft of, without, -less'' (same as '''-oya''') !! !!
|-
|  || || '''nas'''....''money'' || '''nasuka'''....''broke, penniless''
|-
! -yena !! ''-like, -ous, -ly, -y, -ish, -ic, -al, having the qualities of'' !! !!
|-
| || || '''tobot'''....''child'' || '''tobotyena'''....''childish, infantile''
|-
| || || '''tot'''....''god'' || '''totyena'''....''divine, godly''
|-
| || || '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''pityena'''....''fish-like, fishy''
|-
! -wa or -awa !! ''-ed, past passive participle'' (added to verb stem) !! VERB STEM !! PAST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE
|-
| || || '''t-'''....''know'' || '''twa''' or '''tawa'''....''known''
|-
| || || '''dal-'''....''speak'' || '''dalwa''' or '''dalawa'''....''spoken, oral''
|-
| || || '''nisbu-'''....''sell'' || '''nisbuwa'''....''sold''
|-
! -ea !! ''-ing'' (added to verb stem) !! VERB STEM !! PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
|-
| || || '''ot-'''....''not know'' || '''otea'''....''ignorant''
|-
| || || '''tej-'''....''live'' || '''tejea'''....''living, alive''
|-
| || || '''tuj-'''....''die'' || '''tujea'''....''dying''
|-
! -yea !! ''-ive, prone to Xing, given to X'' (added to verb stem) !! VERB STEM !! PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
|-
| || || '''tujb-'''....''kill'' || '''tujbyea'''....''murderous''
|-
| || || '''tex-'''....''think'' || '''texyea'''....''pensive, thoughtful''
|-
| || || '''tox-'''....''forget'' || '''toxyea'''....''forgetful''
|-
| || || '''ax-'''....''act'' || '''axyea'''....''active''
|-
! -uwa !! ''-able, apt to be Xed'' (added to verb stem) !! VERB STEM !! POTENTIAL PASSIVE PARTICIPLE
|-
| || || '''ex-'''....''operate'' || '''exuwa'''....''operable''
|-
| || || '''tos'''....''feel'' || '''tosuwa'''....''palpable''
|-
| || || '''tex-'''....''think'' || '''texuwa'''....''conceivable''
|-
| || || '''tel-'''....''eat'' || '''teluwa'''....''edible''
|-
! -yafa !! ''-able, capable of Xing'' (added to verb stem) !! VERB STEM !! POTENTIAL SUBJECT-ORIENTED
|-
| || || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teatyafa'''....''sightful, able to see''
|-
| || || '''dyed-'''....''read'' || '''dyedyafa'''....''literate''
|-
! -yafwa !! ''-able, possible to be Xed'' (added to verb stem) !! VERB STEM !! POTENTIAL OBJECT-ORIENTED
|-
| || || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teatyafwa'''....''visible''
|-
| || || '''tax-'''....''remember'' || '''taxyafwa'''....''memorable''
|-
| || || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teetyafwa'''....''audible''
|-
| || || '''tel-'''....''eat'' || '''telyafwa'''....''edible''
|-
! -yofa !! ''incapable of Xing'' (added to verb stem) !! VERB STEM !! NEGATIVE POTENTIAL SUBJECT-ORIENTED
|-
| || || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teatyofa'''....''blind''
|-
| || || '''tyoyap-'''....''walk'' || '''tyoyapyofa'''....''lame''
|-
| || || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teetyofa'''....''deaf''
|-
| || || '''dal-'''....''speak'' || '''dalyofa'''....''dumb, incapable of speaking''
|-
! -yofwa !! ''un-X-able'' (added to verb stem) !! VERB STEM !! NEGATIVE POTENTIAL OBJECT-ORIENTED
|-
| || || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teatyofwa'''....''invisible''
|-
| || || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teetyofa'''....''inaudible''
|-
| || || '''tox-'''....''forget'' || '''toxyofa'''....''unforgetable''
|-
| || || '''dal-'''....''speak'' || '''dalyofa'''....''unspeakable''
|-
! -ifa !! ''fond of, -phile'' ( !! NOUN STEM !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| || || '''pot'''....''animal'' || '''potifa'''....''pet-friendly''
|-
| || || '''hyitoob-'''....''same-gender'' || '''hyitoobifa'''....''homophile''
|-
| || || '''tobot'''....''child'' || '''tobotifa'''....''pedophile''
|-
| || || '''fitel'''....''food'' || '''fitelifa'''....''gourmand''
|-
| || || '''doob'''....''nation'' || '''doobifa'''....''patriotic''
|-
! -ufa !! ''adverse to, hating, miso-, -phobic'' !! NOUN STEM !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| || || '''tob'''....''human'' || '''tobufa'''....''misanthropic''
|-
| || || '''hyut-'''....''other person'' || '''hyutufa'''....''xenophobic''
|-
| || || '''toyb-'''....''woman'' || '''toybufa'''....''misogynist''
|-
! -ef(w)a !! ''needful of, (necessary to be X-ed)'' !! NOUN OR VERB STEM !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| || || '''til'''....''drink'' || '''tilefa'''....''thirsty''
|-
| || ||'''tel'''....''food'' || '''telefa'''....''hungry''
|- 
| || || '''nas'''....''money'' || '''nasefa'''....''poor, needy''
|-
| || || '''yelb-'''....''to oil'' || '''yelbefwa'''....''squeaky, in need of oil''
|-
! -yef(w)a !! ''worthy of, due to be (deserving of being X-ed)'' !! NOUN OR VERB STEM !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| || || '''fid'''....''praise'' || '''fidyefa'''....''praiseworthy''
|-
| || || '''dud'''....''answer'' || '''dudyefa'''....''responsible''
|-
| || || '''tax-'''....''remember'' || '''taxyefwa'''....''memorable''
|-
! -yuk(w)a !! ''easy to, (easily X-ed)'' !! VERB STEM !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| || || '''vatex-'''....''believe'' || '''vatexyuka'''....''gullible''
|-
| || || '''vatex-'''....''believe'' || '''vatexyukwa'''....''incredible, hard to believe''
|-
! -yik(w)a !! ''hard to, (hard of X-ing)'' !! VERB STEM !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| || || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teatyikwa'''....''opaque''
|-
| || || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teetyika'''....''hard of hearing''
|}

==== Adjectival Prefixes ====

:: '''''Negating the Meaning of Adjectives'''''
::: The semantics of an adjective can be reversed with the prefix '''o-'''.

::: Examples:

::::* '''vlea'''....''probable'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;vlea'''....''improbable''
::::* '''vyafa'''....''perfect'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;vyafa'''....''imperfect''
::::* '''twa'''....''known'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;twa'''....''unknown''
::::* '''bosa'''....''quiet'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;bosa'''....''upset''

::: Note: Occasionally, the prefix '''lo-''' is used to avoid ambiguity, as in the following case:

::::* '''fwa'''....''wanted'' 
::::* &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;fwa'''....''prohibited'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ofer'''....''to prohibit''
::::* &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;fwa'''....''impossible'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;&lt;/big&gt; '''yofer'''....''to be unable''
::::* &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;fwa'''....''unwanted'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;&lt;/big&gt; '''fer'''....''to want'' (disambiguated)

::: The prefixes '''lyo-''' and '''ov''' are more intense for reversing the meaning of an adjective:

::::* '''data'''....''friendly''
::::* '''odata'''....''unfriendly''
::::* '''ovdata'''....''hostile''
::::* '''lyodata'''....''inimical''

::::* '''dota'''....''social''
::::* '''odota'''....''unsocial''
::::* '''ovdota'''....''antisocial''
::::* '''lyodota'''....''savage''

:: '''''Table of Adjective Prefixes'''''

::: As in English, where the sense of adjectives can be altered by a number of prefixes of Germanic, Latin, and Greek origin, the sense of adjectives in Mirad can also be altered with prefixes.  Here are the principal ones:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Altering the Sense of Adjectives with Prefixes&lt;br&gt;Click on double arrow to alphabetize the column
|-
! MIRAD PREFIX !! ENGLISH PREFIX !! ALTERED ADJECTIVE EXAMPLES
|-
| '''o-''' || ''un-, a(n)-, in-, non-'' ||'''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;baka'''....''unhealthy''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;yezyebeya'''....''incontinent'', '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;yelpea'''....''non-invasive''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;totina'''....''atheist''
|-
|'''ov-''' ||  ''anti-, counter-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;zuina'''....''anti-leftist''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;iztida'''....''counter-intuitive''
|-
|'''av-''' ||  ''pro-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;av&lt;/u&gt;hyitoosifa'''....''pro-gay''
|-
| '''kovyo-''' ||''pseudo-'' ||  '''&lt;u&gt;kovyo&lt;/u&gt;tepina'''....''pseudo-intellectual''
|-
| '''hya(s)-''' || ''all-, pan-, omni-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyas&lt;/u&gt;tea'''....''all-knowing, omniscient''
|-
| '''voy-''' || ''re-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt;tajbwa'''....''re-born''
|-
| '''vyo-''' || ''mis-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;vyo&lt;/u&gt;seudwa'''....''mispronounced''
|-
| '''eyn-''' ||  ''semi-, half-'' ||'''&lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;levelaya'''....''semi-sweet''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;tija'''....''half-awake''
|-
|'''yiz-, gwa-''' ||  ''ultra-, super-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gwa&lt;/u&gt;doobina'''....''ultra-nationalist''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt;mola'''....''supernatural''
|-
| '''gro-''' || ''under-, hypo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt;jaga'''....''under-aged''
|-
| '''gra-''' || ''over-, hyper-, uber-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;agxwa'''....''overgrown''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;toseya'''....''hypersensitive''
|-
| '''gla-''' ||''multi-, many-, poly-'' ||  '''&lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt;kuma'''....''multilateral''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt;tadaya'''....''polygamous''
|-
|'''fu-''' || ''mal-, ill-'' ||  '''&lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt;teyenxwa'''....''ill-conceived''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt;sanxwa'''....''malformed''
|-
| '''fi-''' || ''well-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;fi&lt;/u&gt;tofabwa'''....''well-dressed''
|-
| '''yuyb-''' ||''quasi-, almost'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuyb&lt;/u&gt;daba'''....''quasi-governmental''
|-
|  '''ja-''' || ''pre-, (a)fore-, pro-'' ||'''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;teyenxwa'''....''pre-conceived''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;igdawa'''....''aformentioned''
|-
| '''jo-''' || ''post-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt;dropeka'''....''post-war''
|-
| '''oyeb-'''|| ''extra-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb&lt;/u&gt;tada'''....''extra-marital''
|-
| '''yeb-''' || ''endo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;tayoba'''....''endo-dermal''
|-
| '''gwa-''' || ''macro-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gwa&lt;/u&gt;mor'''....''macrocosm''
|-
| '''gwo-''' || ''micro-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gwo&lt;/u&gt;mor'''....''microcosm''
|-
| '''ut-''' || ''auto-, self-, sui-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;pana'''....''automatic''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;tojbua'''....''suicidal''
|-
| '''hyaewa-''' || ''ambi-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyaewa&lt;/u&gt;tesea'''....''ambivalent''
|-
| '''en-''' || ''bi-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;toosifa'''....''bisexual''
|-
| '''yuz-''' || ''circum-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz&lt;/u&gt;teaxea'''....''circumspect''
|-
| '''gel-''' || ''homo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt;sauna'''....''homogeneous''
|-
| '''ogel-''' || ''hetero-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ogel&lt;/u&gt;sauna'''....''heterogeneous''
|-
| '''oyb-''' || ''infra-, sub-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyb&lt;/u&gt;ivoza'''....''infrared''
|-
| '''ge-''' || ''iso-, equi-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;voza'''....''isochromatic''
|-
| '''agra-''' || ''mega-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;agra&lt;/u&gt;tipa'''....''megamaniacal''
|-
| '''ku-''' || ''para-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ku&lt;/u&gt;ega'''....''paranormal''
|-
| '''yuyb-''' || ''quasi-, almost'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuyb&lt;/u&gt;dobyena'''....''quasi-official''
|-
| '''yib-''' || ''tele-, far-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yib&lt;/u&gt;pyuxea'''....''far-reaching''
|-
| '''zey-''' || ''trans-, cross-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey&lt;/u&gt;mimaga'''....''transoceanic''
|-
| '''aaj-''' || ''paleo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;aaj&lt;/u&gt;toba'''....''paleoloanthropic''
|-
| '''eej-''' || ''neo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;eej&lt;/u&gt;visauna'''....''neoclassical''
|}

==== English and Mirad Adjectival Suffix Comparison ====

: Here is a chart showing a comparison between English adjectival suffixes and their Mirad counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ English and Mirad Adjectival Suffixes Compared
|-
! ENGLISH SUFFIX !! MEANING !! MIRAD SUFFIX !! ALTERED ADJECTIVE EXAMPLES
|-
| ''-ful'' || full of || '''-aya, -ika''' || '''voz&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''colorful'', '''tuz&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt;'''....''skillful''
|-
| ''-ous'' || full of || '''-aya, -ika''' || '''naz&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt;'''....''precious'', '''mil&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''aqueous''
|-
| ''-filled'' || full of || '''-aya, -ika''' || '''mov&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt; / mov&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''smoke-filled''
|-
| ''-y'' || full of || '''-aya, -ika''' || '''mov&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt; / mov&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''smoky'', 
|-
| ''-ous'' || of, like || '''-a''' || '''totin&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''religious'', '''vyos&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''erroneous''
|-
| ''-ly'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''tot&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''godly'', '''toyb&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''womanly''
|-
| ''-like'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''pat&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bird-like''
|-
| ''-ish'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''tobot&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''childish''
|-
| ''-y'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''fyab&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''fruity''
|-
| ''-ic'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''tuz&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''artistic'', '''sil&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''acidic''
|-
| ''-ic'' || of, related to || '''-a''' || '''tun&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''scientific'', '''bek&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''therapeutic''
|-
| ''-ical'' || of, related to || '''-a''' || '''zyunid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spherical'', '''iztex&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''logical''
|-
| ''-ological'' || pertaining to the study of || '''-tuna''' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;tuna&lt;/u&gt;'''....''biological''
|-
| ''-ist(ic)'' || pertaining to the doctrine of || '''-ina''' || '''dopar&lt;u&gt;ina&lt;/u&gt;'''....''militarist(ic)'', '''nasyan&lt;u&gt;ina&lt;/u&gt;'''....''capitalist(ic)''
|-
| ''-ophobic'' (and ''miso-'' prefix) || hating, fearful of || '''-ufa''' || '''yudat&lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''xenophonic'', '''tobyan&lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''misanthropic''
|-
| ''-ophilic'' (and ''philo-'' prefix) || loving || '''-ifa''' || '''tobot&lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pedophilic'', '''tob&lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''philanthropic''
|-
| ''-al'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''pyot&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bestial''
|-
| ''-al'' || of, pertaining to || '''-a''' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''vital'', '''aman&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''thermal''
|-
| ''-less'' || without, empty of || '''-oya, -uka''' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;uka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lifeless'', '''tobot&lt;u&gt;oya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''childless''
|-
| ''-free'' || without, empty of || '''-oya, -uka''' || '''yom&lt;u&gt;uka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ice-free'', '''vyos&lt;u&gt;oya&lt;/u&gt;''', ''error-free''
|-
| ''-ide'' || chemical suffix || '''-iz''' || ''sulf&lt;u&gt;ide&lt;/u&gt;''....'''somuliz'''
|-
| ''-ite'' || chemical suffix || '''-is''' || ''sulf&lt;u&gt;ite&lt;/u&gt;''....'''somulis'''
|-
| ''-ate'' || chemical suffix || '''-as''' || ''sulf&lt;u&gt;ate&lt;/u&gt;''....'''somulas'''
|}

=== Forming Adverbs ===

: Adjectives can be converted into adverbs by post-y-gliding the adjectival suffix '''a''', in other words, by adding a '''y''' to the adjective.  Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

: Examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Deriving Adverbs
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! ADVERB
|-
| '''fi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''good'' || '''fi&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''well'' 
|-
| '''vya&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''true'' || '''vya&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''truly''
|-
| '''gyu&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''easy'' || '''gyu&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''easily''
|-
| '''ig&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''quick'' || '''ig&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''quickly''
|-
| '''aut&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''personal'' || '''aut&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''personally''
|}

: For brevity's sake, the stem of de-adjectival adverbs like those above can be used at the end of a clause or sentence.  For example:

::* '''It tyoyape &lt;u&gt;ig&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He walks &lt;u&gt;fast&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yit xa has &lt;u&gt;fi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They did it &lt;u&gt;well&lt;/u&gt;.''


==== Special Adverbs ====

: Mirad has special adverbs that are not derived from adjectives and may or may not end in '''-ay'''.  

: Here are the principal such adverbs:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Special Adverbs
|-
! SPECIAL ADVERB
|-
| '''vay'''....''indeed, really, certainly, do'' (cf. '''va'''....''yes'')
|-
| '''vey'''....''possibly, may, might''  (cf. '''ve'''....''maybe'')
|-
| '''voy'''....''not'' (cf. '''vo'''....''no'')
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' (modifying an adjective, adverb, or verb)
|- 
| '''gay'''....''also, moreover, further, still''
|-
| '''ge'''....''as, equally'' (modifying an adjective, adverb, or verb)
|-
| '''gey'''....''even''
|-
| '''go'''....''less'' (modifying an adjective, adverb, or verb)
|-
| '''goy'''....''no longer, no more'' 
|-
| '''gla'''....''very''
|-
| '''glay'''....''quite, rather, so''
|-
| '''gle'''....''so''
|-
| '''glo'''....''not very, not so''
|-
| '''gra'''....''too''
|-
| '''gre'''....''enough, sufficiently, over-''
|-
| '''gro'''....''not...enough, inadequately, under-''
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most, super-''
|-
| '''gwe'''....''average''
|-
| '''gwo'''....''least, sub-''
|-
| '''zay'''....''ahead, forward''
|-
| '''zey'''....''across''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back''
|-
| '''zye'''....''through''
|-
| '''zya'''....''all about''
|}

: The first three adverbs in the above chart are used to affirm or emphasize, cast doubt on, or negate verb predicates as in the examples that follow:

::* AFFIRMATIVE: '''Va, at &lt;u&gt;vay&lt;/u&gt; se taduwa.'''....''Yes, I am &lt;u&gt;indeed&lt;/u&gt; married.''
::* DUBITIVE: '''Iyta dud se &lt;u&gt;vey&lt;/u&gt; vyosa.'''....''Her response is &lt;u&gt;possibly&lt;/u&gt; wrong.''
::* NEGATIVE: '''At &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; se eta yuxrut.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; your slave.''

: The adverbs above beginning with '''g''' are quantitative adverbs and modify an adjective, verb, or another adverb:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; via.'''....''You are &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; beautiful [=ADJECTIVE].''
::* '''Et peya &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; ig.'''....''You were going &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; fast [=ADVERB].''
::* '''It &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; dale.'''....''He talks [=VERB] &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; much.''

: Other special adverbs, which do not end in '''-ay''', include the following, which can all be used in multi-word prepositions:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Adverbs Used in Prepositional Phrases
|-
! SPECIAL ADVERB !! EXAMPLES
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''Ha pat papa &lt;u&gt;yab&lt;/u&gt; bu ha mam.'''....''The bird flew &lt;u&gt;up&lt;/u&gt; to the sky.''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''Teaxu &lt;u&gt;yob&lt;/u&gt; bu ha mel.'''....''Look &lt;u&gt;down&lt;/u&gt; to the ground.''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' || '''Besu &lt;u&gt;yub&lt;/u&gt; bi ha mas.'''....''Stay &lt;u&gt;near&lt;/u&gt; the wall.''
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' || '''Ha tobi igpia &lt;u&gt;yib&lt;/u&gt; bi ha yovbyokam.'''....''The people ran &lt;u&gt;far from&lt;/u&gt; the prison.''
|-
| '''ib'''....''away'' || '''Teaxu &lt;u&gt;ib&lt;/u&gt;, diwe.'''....''Look &lt;u&gt;away&lt;/u&gt;, please.''
|-
| '''ub'''....''this way'' || '''Tyoyapu &lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt; him.'''....''Walk &lt;u&gt;toward&lt;/u&gt; this way.''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in, inward, inside'' || '''Kyedu hat hu ogja tyoyapa &lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Guess who just walked &lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;!''
|-
| '''oyeb'''....''out, outside'' || '''It tyoyapa &lt;u&gt;oyeb&lt;/u&gt; zye ha zames.'''....''He walked &lt;u&gt;out&lt;/u&gt; through the front door.''
|-
| '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''Yit daza &lt;u&gt;yuz&lt;/u&gt; bi yat.'''....''They danced &lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; us.''
|-
| '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''Et yefe teaxer &lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt; bi hia tistam av yux.'''....''You must look &lt;u&gt;beyond&lt;/u&gt; this school for help.''
|-
| '''iz'''....''directly, straight'' || '''Pu &lt;u&gt;iz&lt;/u&gt; bu hat.'''....''Go &lt;u&gt;right up&lt;/u&gt; to him.''
|-
| '''zi'''....''right'' || '''Uzpu &lt;u&gt;zi&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Turn &lt;u&gt;right&lt;/u&gt;!''
|-
| '''zu'''....''left'' || '''Hat uzpa &lt;u&gt;zu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He turned &lt;u&gt;left&lt;/u&gt;.''
|}

==== Pro-adverbs ====
: There are also adverbial expressions that are formed with deitic prefixes and categorical stubs to produce what are known as '''''pro-adverbs'''''.  These include interrogative pro-adverbs like '''duham?''' (''where?''), '''duhayen?''' (''how?''), '''duhaj?''' (''when?''), '''duhagla''' (''to what extent?''), and their answers, such as '''hum''' (''there''), '''heyen''' (''somehow''), and '''hoj''' (''never''), '''hugla''' (''so, to that extent''). These words are discussed under the chapter on [[Mirad_Grammar/Determiners#Deictic Determiners|Deictic Determiners]].

=== Forming Verbs ===

: Verbs can be formed from various parts of speech.


==== Forming Verbs from Nouns ====

: Verbs can often be formed from nouns simply by adding the verb infinitive suffix '''er''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Denominal Verb Derivation
|-
! NOUN !! VERB
|-
| '''syag'''....''count'' || '''syager'''....''to count''
|-
| '''af'''....''permission'' || '''afer''''....''may, be allowed''
|-
| '''teud'''....''cry, shout'' || '''teuder'''....''to cry, shout, exclaim''
|-
| '''taj'''....''birth'' || '''tajer'''....''to be born''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tejer'''....''to live''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''tojer'''....''to die''
|-
| '''ej'''....''present'' || '''ejer'''....''to continue''
|-
| '''ij'''....''beginning'' || '''ijer'''....''to begin''
|-
| '''uj'''....''end'' || '''ijer'''....''to end''
|-
| '''yuj'''....''sleep'' || '''tujer'''....''to sleep''
|}

==== Verb Formants ====

: More often, an auxiliary verb or verb stub is used to create various verbs from nouns.  The most common such '''''verb formants''''' are in this chart:

:* '''-ser'''....''to be/become'' usually intransitive and stative (''unite'' = ''become one'')
:* '''-xer'''....''to do/make'' usually transitive and dynamic (''unite'' = ''make one'')
:* '''-per'''....''to go'' usually intransitive and a dynamic verb of motion (''mount'' = ''get onto'')
:* '''-ber'''....''to put'' usually transitive and a verb of gesture (''apply'' = ''put onto'')
:* '''-ier''' a stub from the verb ''to take'', usually an action verb benefiting the agent (''eat'' = ''take food'')
:* '''-uer''' a stub from the verb ''to give'', usually an action verb benefiting the patient (''feed'' = ''give food'')
:* '''-der'''....''to say'', a verb of communication (''affirm'' = ''say yes'')
:* '''-ter'''....''to know'', verbs of the perception and knowledge ('''teater''' = ''see'')

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Verb Derivation with Verb Formants
|-
! NOUN !! AUXILIARY VERB OR VERB STUB FORMANT !! VERB
|-
| '''yav'''....''innocence'' || '''der'''....''to say'' || '''yavder'''....''to acquit''
|-
| '''yov'''....''shame, guilt'' || '''aber'''....''to apply, put on'' || '''yovaber'''....''to shame, accuse''
|-
| '''yov'''....''shame, guilt'' || '''ober'''....''to remove, take off'' || '''yovober'''....''to excuse, exculpate''
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothes'' || '''aber'''....''to apply, put on'' || '''tofaber'''....''to dress, don''
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothes'' || '''ober'''....''to remove, take off'' || '''tofober'''....''to undress, strip''
|-
| '''det'''....''associate'' || '''ser'''....''to be, become'' || '''detser'''....''to associate''
|-
| '''dat'''....''friend'' || '''xer'''....''to do, make'' || '''datxer'''....''to befriend''
|-
| '''san'''....''form'' || '''ser'''....''to be, become'' || '''sanser'''....''to form (intransitive)''
|-
| '''san'''....''form'' || '''xer'''....''to do, make'' || '''sanxer'''....''to form (transitive)''
|-
| '''tel'''....''food'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''telier'''....''to eat, consume''
|-
| '''tel'''....''food'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''teluer'''....''to feed, nourish''
|-
| '''if'''....''pleasure'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''ifier'''....''to enjoy''
|-
| '''if'''....''pleasure'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''ifuer'''....''to please''
|-
| '''taj'''....''birth'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''tajuer'''....''to give birth''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''tejier'''....''to come alive''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''tejuer'''....''to bring to life''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''(p)er'''....''to go'' || '''tojper'''....''to drop dead''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''(b)er'''....''to put'' || '''tojber'''....''to kill''
|-
| '''tij'''....''wakefulness'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''tijier'''....''to wake up''
|-
| '''tij'''....''wakefulness'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''tijuer'''....''to awaken''
|-
| '''tuj'''....''sleep'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''tujier'''....''to fall asleep''
|-
| '''tuj'''....''sleep'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''tujuer'''....''to put to sleep''
|-
| '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''taxier'''....''to recall''
|-
| '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''taxuer'''....''to remind''
|-
| '''yev'''....''justice'' || '''der'''....''to say, tell'' || '''yevder'''....''to judge''
|-
| '''vyan'''....''truth'' || '''der'''....''to say, tell'' || '''vyander'''....''to tell the truth''
|-
| '''vyon'''....''falsehood'' || '''der'''....''to say, tell'' || '''vyonder'''....''to tell a lie''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''aker'''....''to gain'' || '''ilaker'''....''to take on liquid''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''oker'''....''to lose'' || '''iloker'''....''to leak, lose liquid''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''ilier'''....''to soak up''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''iluer'''....''to pour, water''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ikser'''....''to get full'' || '''ilikser'''....''to be soaked'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ikxer'''....''to fill up'' || '''ilikxer'''....''to flood, soak'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ukser'''....''to become empty'' || '''ilukser'''....''to drain'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ukxer'''....''to empty'' || '''ilukxer'''....''to flush'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ser'''....''to be, become'' || '''ilser'''....''to liquify, melt'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''xer'''....''to do, make'' || '''ilxer'''....''to liquify, melt'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''aber'''....''to apply, put on'' || '''ilaber'''....''to wash'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''aper'''....''to get on'' || '''ilaper'''....''to float'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''ilper'''....''to flow'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''zyaber'''....''to spread'' || '''ilzyaber'''....''to spray, shower'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''zyober'''....''to squeeze'' || '''ilzyober'''....''to squirt'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''pyexer'''....''to strike'' || '''ilpyexer'''....''to splash (with liquid)''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''yujer'''....''to close'' || '''ilyujer'''....''to plug''
|}

: Note that verbs ending in '''-ser''' and '''-ier''' are intransitive (they take no object), while those ending in '''-xer''' and '''-uer''' are transitive.  Also, '''-ier''' verbs are inchoative, while '''-uer''' verbs are benefactive or causative (making someone do something).

==== Forming Verbs from Adjectives With -xer and -ser ====

: The verbs that are formed from adjectives fall mainly into two groups, the transitive group with '''-xer'''....''to do, make, cause'', and the intransitive group with '''-ser'''....''to be, become''.

: The following chart shows how these verbs are formed:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Forming Verbs with Xer and Ser
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! TRANSITIVE VERB !! INTRANSITIVE VERB
|-
| '''aza'''....''strong'' || '''azaxer'''....''fortify, strengthen, make strong'' || '''azaser'''....''get strong''
|-
| '''oza'''....''week'' || '''ozaxer'''....''weaken'' || '''ozaser'''....''grow weaker''
|-
| '''kyia'''....''heavy'' || '''kyiaxer'''....''weigh down'' || '''kyiaser'''....''grow heavy''
|-
| '''kyua'''....''light'' || '''kyuaxer'''....''lighten, make lighter'' || '''kyiaser'''....''get lighter''
|-
| '''yana'''....''together'' || '''yanaxer'''....''bring together'' || '''yanaser'''....''get together''
|}

: The final adjective ending '''a''' is often dropped to form a verb with a slightly different meaning, usually somewhat more idiomatic.  In some cases, dropping the '''a''' makes it clear that the verb is created from a noun rather than an adjective, as in the last example of the following chart:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Comparing Full and Stub Adjectives in Verb Formation
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! TRANSITIVE VERB !! INTRANSITIVE VERB
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agaxer'''....''magnify'' || '''agaser'''....''get big''
|-
|   || '''agxer'''....''grow'' || '''agxer'''....''grow up, mature''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''iga'''....''fast'' || '''igaxer'''....''accelerate'' || '''igaser'''....''speed up''
|-
|  || '''igxer'''....''rush'' || '''igser'''....''hurry up''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''baka'''....''healthy'' || '''bakaxer'''....''make healthy'' || '''bakaser'''....''get healthy''
|-
|  || '''bakxer'''....''heal'' || '''bakser'''....''heal''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''sana'''....''formal'' || '''sanaxer'''....''formalize'' || '''sanaser'''....''become formal''
|-
| || '''sanxer'''....''form, shape'' || '''sanser'''....''form, take shape''
|}

==== Forming Verbs of Gesture and Motion with -ber and -per ====

: Verbs of gesture are formed with the transitive auxiliary verb '''ber'''....''to put'', while parallel verbs of motion are formed with the intransitive auxiliary verb '''per'''....''to go''.  These verbs are usually paired and are often built from a prepositional base.  If the prepositional base ends in '''b''', the '''b''' is dropped. Here are some examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Verb Derivation with Ber and Per
|-
! PREPOSITON&lt;br&gt;BASE !! TRANSITIVE GESTURE VERB !! INTRANSITIVE MOTION VERB
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''aber'''....''apply, put on'' || '''aper'''....''mount, get on''
|-
| '''eb'''....''between'' || '''eber'''....''block'' || '''eper'''....''intervene''
|-
| '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ober'''....''remove, take off'' || '''oper'''....''dismount, get off''
|-
| '''ib'''....''away'' || '''iber'''....''receive'' || '''iper'''....''leave''
|-
| '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''uber'''....''send'' || '''uper'''....''come''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''yeber'''....''insert''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeber'''....''take out'' || '''yeper'''....''enter''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeper'''....''exit''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yober'''....''lower'' || '''yoper'''....''descend''
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiber'''....''take away'' || '''yiper'''....''move away''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' || '''yuber'''....''bring'' || '''yuper'''....''approach''
|-
! !! !!
|-
|-
| '''za'''....''front'' || '''zaber'''....''put up front'' || '''zaper'''....''take the lead''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' || '''zayber'''....''advance'' || '''zayper'''....''advance, go forward''
|-
| '''ze'''....''middle'' || '''zeber'''....''balance'' || '''zeper'''....''balance''
|-
| '''zey'''....''across'' || '''zeyber'''....''take across, transfer'' || '''zeyper'''....''cross, go over, transit''
|-
| '''zo'''....''behind'' || '''zober'''....''hinder'' || '''zoper'''....''trail, lag''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back'' || '''zoyber'''....''set back, return'' || '''zoyper'''....''retreat, go back, return''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' || '''izber'''....''guide'' || '''izper'''....''aim for''
|-
| '''uz'''....''crooked'' || '''uzber'''....''divert'' || '''uzper'''....''turn, diverge''
|-
|- '''zi'''....''right'' || '''ziber'''....''set to the right'' || '''ziper'''....''go right''
|-
| '''zu'''....''left'' || '''zuber'''....''set to the left'' || '''zuper'''.... ''go left''
|-
| '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yizber'''....''take beyond'' || '''yizper'''....''pass by''
|-
| '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''yuzber'''....''take around'' || '''yuzper'''....''go around''
|}

: More elaborate verbs of gesture and motion can be formed by adding positional/directional ordinal vowels along with combinations of '''ser''' and '''xer''', plus the intensifiers '''y''', '''l''' and '''r'''.  In this more complex world, the last letter of the stem determines the transitivity: '''s''' for intransitive and '''x''' for transitive.  Prepositions can also be prefixed to change the direction of the gestures or motions. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Creating More Elaborate Verbs
|-
! GESTURE VERB !! GESTURE VERB || MOTION VERB || MOTION VERB
|-
! INTRANSITIVE !! TRANSITIVE !! INTRANSITIVE !! TRANSITIVE
|-
| || '''ber'''....''put''&lt;br&gt;'''beer'''....''have''&lt;br&gt;'''yebeer'''....''contain''&lt;br&gt;'''beler'''....''carry''&lt;br&gt;'''bexer'''....''hold''&lt;br&gt;'''bexler'''....''keep''|| '''per'''....''go''||
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''baer'''....''lean on'' || '''baler'''....''press''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbaler'''....''compress''&lt;br&gt;'''yobaler'''....''depress, suppress''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzbaler'''....''hug''&lt;br&gt;'''zoybaler'''....''repress''&lt;br&gt;'''barer'''....''crush'' ||  ||
|-
|'''baser'''....''gesticulate'' || '''baxer'''....''make a gesture''&lt;br&gt;'''abaxer'''....''caress, pat'' || '''paser'''....''move''||'''paxer'''....''move''
|-
|'''byaser'''....''stand up'' || '''byaxer'''....''set up, erect'' || '''pyaser'''....''jump up'' || '''pyaxer'''....''shoot, launch''
|-
|'''basler'''....''budge'' || '''baxler'''....''rouse''&lt;br&gt;'''abaxler'''....''stroke'' || '''paaser'''....''get excited'' || '''paaxer'''....''excite''&lt;br&gt;'''apaxler'''....''sweep''
|-
|'''basrer'''....''shake'' || '''baxrer'''....''shake''&lt;br&gt;'''abaxrer'''....''rub'' || || '''apaxrer'''....''scrub''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
|'''beser'''....''stay'' || '''bexer'''....''hold''&lt;br&gt;'''zoybexer'''....''restrain''&lt;br&gt;'''yobexer'''....''detain, hold down'' || '''peser'''....''wait'' || '''pexer'''....''trap''
|-
|'''byeser'''....''behave''|| '''byexer'''....''hit'' || '''pyeser'''....''run into, bump into''|| '''pyexer'''....''strike, knock''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyexer'''....''break''&lt;br&gt;'''yopyexer'''....''knock down''&lt;br&gt;'''epyexer'''....''fight''&lt;br&gt;'''apyexer'''....''attack''&lt;br&gt;'''ovpyexer'''....''offend''&lt;br&gt;'''kunpyexer'''....''sideswipe''&lt;br&gt;'''tuyapyexer'''....''slap''
|-
|'''besler'''....''adhere'' || '''bexler'''....''retain''|| || '''pyexler'''....''pound, beat''&lt;br&gt;'''apyexler'''....''assault''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpexler'''....''shatter, burst''
|-
| || || '''yanpyesrer'''....''implode''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyesler'''....''explode'' || '''pyexler'''....''blast, bomb''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''boser'''....''calm down''&lt;br&gt;'''boyser'''....''rest'' || '''boxer'''....''quieten, quell'' || '''poser'''....''stop''&lt;br&gt;'''poyser'''....''pause'' || '''poxer'''....''stop''
|-
| '''byoser'''....''hang'' || '''byoxer'''....''hang'' || '''pyoser'''....''fall''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyoser'''....''decay'' || '''pyoxer'''....''drop, throw down''&lt;br&gt;'''yopyoxer'''....''topple''&lt;br&gt;
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''biser'''....''originate'' || '''bixer'''....''pull''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbixer'''....''contract''&lt;br&gt;'''yonbixer'''....''distract''&lt;br&gt;'''yubixer'''....''attract''&lt;br&gt;'''yibixer'''....''distract''&lt;br&gt;'''oyebixer'''....''extract''&lt;br&gt;'''yebixer'''....''push in'' || || '''pixer'''....''catch''
|-
|'''bisler'''....''spring'' || '''bixler'''....''yank'' || || '''pixler'''....''snag, capture''&lt;br&gt;'''yipixler'''....''abduct''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''buser'''....''be destined'' || '''buxer'''....''push, drive''&lt;br&gt;'''zyobuxer'''....''squeeze''&lt;br&gt;'''yebuxer'''....''expel''&lt;br&gt;'''abuxer'''....''impose'' || '''apuser'''....''assault'' || '''puxer'''....''throw, thrust''
|-
|'''byuser'''....''bump into'' || '''byuxer'''....''touch''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbyuxer'''....''contact'' ||'''pyuser'''....''run into'' || '''pyuxer'''....''crash''
|-
|'''busler'''....''swoop'' || '''buxler'''....''shove'' || '''pusler'''....''lunge, pounce'' || '''puxler'''....''thrust''&lt;br&gt;'''zyapuxler'''....''splatter''
|}

: Yet more complex verbs can be generated by adding directional and positional prefixes to the above verbs. Let's just take the one verb '''baxer''' (and its intransitive partner '''baser''') as our base verb and generate many others through prefixation of prepositional and other words as shown in the following chart:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Baxer Verbs
|-
! PREFIX !! VERB
|-
!  colspan=2 | '''baxer'''....''gesture, make a bodily motion''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''abaxer'''....''caress, pat, pet, stroke, rub''
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' || '''izbaxer'''....''point''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''tebaxer'''....''nod''
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' || '''vatebaxer'''....''nod yes''
|-
| '''vo'''....''no'' || '''votebaxer'''....''nod no''
|-
| '''ve'''....''maybe'' || '''vetebaxer'''....''shrug''
|-
| '''tuyab'''....''hand'' || '''tuyabaxer'''....''wave''
|-
| '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''tubaxer'''....''flail, swing''
|-
| '''teubab'''....''tongue'' || '''teubabaxer'''....''lick''
|-
| '''teab'''....''eye'' || '''teubaxer'''....''wink''
|-
| '''patub'''....''wing'' || '''patubaxer'''....''flap''
|-
| '''tiyub'''....''tail'' || '''tiyubaxer'''....''wag''
|-
! colspan=2 | '''baser'''....''gesticulate''
|-
| '''ig-'''....''fast'' || '''igbaser'''....''jerk''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' || '''igzaybaser'''....''lurch''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back'' || '''zoybaser'''....''recoil''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yobaser'''....''bow, bend down''
|-
| '''ku-'''....''side'' || '''kubaser'''....''slide''
|-
| '''ig-'''....''fast'' || '''igkubaser'''....''slip''
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' + '''uz'''....''curved'' || '''uizbaser'''....''sway, swagger, swish''
|-
| '''zi'''....''right'' + '''zu'''....''left'' || '''zuibaser'''....''wiggle, wobble, totter''
|}

==== Forming Frequentative Verbs ====

: A frequentative verb, that is, one that involves an action done quickly multiple times in succession, can be formed by infixing the syllable '''eg-''' between the verb stem and verb ending.  Here are some examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ The -eg- Frequentative Infix
|-
! REGULAR VERB !! FREQUENTATIVE VERB
|-
| '''paser'''....''move'' || '''paseger'''....''shake, shudder''
|-
| '''pyaser'''....''jump'' || '''pyaseger'''....''bounce''
|-
| '''paper'''....''fly'' || '''papeger'''....''flutter, flit''
|-
| '''braser'''....''shake'' || '''braseger'''....''shudder, quiver, vibrate''
|-
| '''teupixer'''....''bite'' || '''teupixeger'''....''nibble''
|-
| '''ilzyaber'''....''spray'' || '''ilzyabeger'''....''sprinkle''
|-
| '''pyexer'''....''beat'' || '''pyexeger'''....''batter, whip''
|}

==== Forming Hybrid Words with Alternating Components ====

: Expressions with alternating components like ''back-and-forth'', ''up-and-down'', etc. are formed in a peculiar, hybrid way.  The following table shows this formation and how such words can be used, especially as prefixes on verbs:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Hybrid Words
|-
! ALTERNATING COMPONENTS !! HYBRID EXPRESSION !! EXAMPLES
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' +&lt;br&gt;'''yob'''....''down'' || '''yao(b)-'''....''up-and-down'' || '''yaoper'''....''fluctuate'', '''yaopuser'''....''bounce''
|-
| '''a-'''....''up, north, skyward'' +&lt;br&gt;'''o-'''....''down, south'' || '''ao-'''....''vertical'' || '''aonada'''....''vertical'', '''aomera'''....''north-south''
|-
| '''za(y)'''....''forth'' +&lt;br&gt;'''zo(y)'''....''back'' || '''zao(b)-'''....''front-back/north-to-south'' || '''zaobaser'''....''rock''
|-
|- '''zu'''....''left/west'' +&lt;br&gt;'''zi'''....''right/east'' || '''zui(b)-'''....''right-to-left/east-to-west'' || '''zuinada'''....''horizontal'', '''zuibaser'''....''wiggle''
|-
| '''bu'''....''to'' +&lt;br&gt;'''bi'''....''from'' || '''bui-'''....''to-and-from'' || '''buipar'''....''shuttle'', '''buipop'''....''round-trip''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' +&lt;br&gt;'''ob'''....''off'' || '''ao(b)-'''....''on-and-off'' || '''aoper'''....''get on and off''
|-
| '''yuj-'''....''closed'' +&lt;br&gt;'''yij-'''....''open'' || '''yuij-'''....''open-and-shut'' || '''yuijbar'''....''switch'', '''igyuijer'''....''blink''
|-
| '''uj-'''....''stop'' +&lt;br&gt;'''ij-'''....''start'' || '''uij-'''....''stop-and-start'' || '''uijparpan'''....''stop-and-go traffic''
|-
| '''(a)yeb'''....''in'' +&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''aoye(b)-'''....''in-and-out'' || '''igaoyeper'''....''run in-and-out''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' +&lt;br&gt;'''yib'''....''far'' || '''yui(b)-'''....''near-and-far'' || '''yuipoper'''....''travel near-and-far''
|-
| '''ub'''....''toward'' +&lt;br&gt;'''ib'''....''away'' || '''ui(b)-'''....''toward-and-away'' || '''uipen'''....''coming and going''
|-
| '''hum'''....''there'' +&lt;br&gt;'''him'''....''here'' || '''huim'''....''here-and-there'' || '''huimkexer'''....''search high-and-low (here-and-there)''
|-
| '''hus'''....''that'' +&lt;br&gt;'''his'''....''this'' || '''huis'''....''this-and-that'' || '''huisyexer'''....''do odd jobs, work at this-or-that''
|-
| '''hyut'''....''other person'' +&lt;br&gt;'''hyit'''....''same person'' || '''hyuit'''....''one another'' || '''hyuitifer'''....''love one another'', '''hyuita'''....''mutual, reciprocal''
|}
: Here are some more examples:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ More Hybrids
! HYBRID WORD !! ENGLISH GLOSS !! ALTERNATING COMPONENTS
|-
|'''aogsen'''||'' fluctuation (in size) 	''|| '''ag-''' (''big'') + '''og-''' (''little'') + '''s-''' (''become'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''aonada'''||''vertical 	''|| '''a-''' (''up/north'') + '''o-''' (''down/south'') + '''nad''' (''line'') + '''-a''' (''adj.'')
|-
|'''aopuys'''||'' hop-on-hop-off 	''|| '''a(p)-''' (''on'') + '''o(p)-''' (''off'') + '''puys-''' (''hop'')
|-
|'''buien'''||'' trading, swapping 	''|| '''bu-''' (''give'') + '''bi-''' (''trake'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''buip'''||'' traffic 	''|| '''bu-''' (''to'') + '''bi-''' (''from'') + '''p-''' (''go'')
|-
|'''buixar'''||'' pump 	''|| '''bux-''' (''push'') + '''bix''' (''pull'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''buixek'''||'' tug-o-war 	''|| '''bux-''' (''push'') + '''bix-''' (''pull'') + '''ek''' (''play'')
|-
|'''buixnyem'''||'' drawer 	''|| '''bux-''' (''push'') + '''bix-''' (''pull'') + '''nyem''' (''box'')
|-
|'''byaosen'''||'' teetering, stumbling 	''|| '''byas-''' (''stand'') + '''byos-''' (''fall'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''diep'''||'' marine force 	''|| '''dip''' (''sea force'') + '''dep''' (''land force'')
|-
|'''duid'''||'' q&amp;a, interview 	''|| '''dud''' (''answer'') + '''did''' (''question'')
|-
|'''eigpyexer''' || ''batter, whip'' || '''eg-''' (''again'') + '''ig-''' (''fast'') + '''pyexer''' (''to hit'')
|-
|'''gao'''||'' more-or-less 	''|| '''ga''' (''more'') + '''go''' (''less'')
|-
|'''glaojo'''||'' sooner or later 	''|| '''gla''' (''very'') + '''glo''' (''slightly'') + '''jo''' (''after'')
|-
| '''huimkexer''' || ''search here and there'' || '''hu-''' (''that'') + '''hi-''' (''this'') + '''-m''' (''place'') + '''kex''' (''search'') + '''-er''' (''inf.'')
|-
|'''huis'''||'' this-and-that 	''|| '''hu-''' (''that'') + '''hi-''' (''this'') + '''-s''' (''thing'')
|-
|'''hyuit'''||'' one another 	''|| '''hyu-''' (''other'') + '''hyi-''' (''same'') + '''-t''' (''person'')
|-
|'''kyaopen'''||'' fluctuation 	''|| '''kya-''' (''mobile'') + '''kyo''' (''static'') + '''-pen''' (''going'')
|-
|'''maluier'''||'' breathe 	''|| '''mal-''' (''air'') + '''u-''' (''let out'') + '''i-''' (''take in'') '''-er''' (''inf.'')
|-
|'''maojyex'''||'' double-shift work 	''|| '''maj''' (''day'') + '''moj''' (''night'') + '''yex''' (''work'')
|-
|'''maonig'''||'' flicker 	''|| '''man''' (''light'') + '''mon''' (''dark'') + '''ig-''' (''fast'')
|-
|'''maolza'''||'' black&amp;white/gray 	''|| '''malza''' (''white'') + '''molza''' (''black'') 
|-
|'''meil'''||'' mud 	''|| '''mel''' (''soil'') + '''mil''' (''water'')
|-
|'''memuiben'''||'' import-exports 	''|| '''mem''' (''country'') + '''ub-''' (''send'') + '''ib-''' (''receive'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''mial'''||'' vapor 	''|| '''mil''' (''water'') + '''mal''' (''air'')
|-
|'''mieg'''||'' reef 	''|| '''mi-''' (''sea'') + '''me-''' (''land'') + '''-g''' (''stone'')
|-
|'''miek'''||'' sand 	''|| '''mi-''' (''sea'') + '''me-''' (''land'') + '''-k''' (''rocky substance'')
|-
|'''miem'''||'' swamp 	''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''mem''' (''land'')
|-
|'''mimpuin'''||'' dock 	''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''pu-''' (''arrive'') + '''pi-''' (''depart'') + '''-m''' (''place'')
|-
|'''mimpyaos'''||'' surf 	''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''pyas-''' (''surge'') + '''pyos-''' (''sink'')
|-
|'''mimuip'''||'' tide 	''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''up-''' (''come'') + '''ip-''' (''go'')
|-
|'''peit'''||'' amphibian 	''|| '''pet''' (''land animal'') + '''pit''' (''sea creature'') 
|-
|'''puim'''||'' kiss-and-ride zone	''|| '''pu-''' (''arrive'') + '''pi-''' (''depart'') + '''-m''' (''place'')
|-
|'''puixek'''||'' baseball 	''|| '''pux-''' (''pitch'') + '''pix-''' (''catch'') + '''ek''' (''play'')
|-
|'''teabyuij'''||'' blink 	''|| '''teab''' (''eye'') + '''yuj-''' (''close'') + '''yij-''' (''open'')
|-
|'''tuijea'''||'' nodding off 	''|| '''tuj-''' (''sleep'') + '''tij''' (''wake'') '''-ea''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''uijdal'''||'' stutter 	''|| '''uj-''' (''finish'') + '''ij-''' (''start'') + '''dal''' (''speech'')
|-
|'''uipeni'''||'' comings &amp; goings 	''|| '''up-''' (''come'') + '''ip''' (''go'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'') + '''-i''' (''pl.'')
|-
|'''uiza'''||'' serpentine, snaky 	''|| '''uza''' (''crooked'') + '''iza''' (''straight'')
|-
|'''vao?'''||'' yes or no? 	''|| '''va''' (''yes'') + '''vo''' (''no'')
|-
|'''vaod'''||'' decision 	''|| '''va''' (''yes'') + '''vo''' (''no'') + '''d-''' (''say'')
|-
|'''yaobar'''||'' elevator 	''|| '''yab-''' (''raise'') + '''yob-''' (''lower'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yaobyuijar'''||'' piston 	''|| '''yab-''' (''raise'') + '''yob-''' (''lower'') + '''yuj-''' (''close'') + '''yij-''' (''open '') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yaoplas'''||'' oscillation 	''|| '''yap-''' (''up'') + '''yop-''' (''down'') + '''plas''' (''shake'')
|-
|'''yaopsim'''||'' seesaw 	''|| '''yap-''' (''ascend'') + '''yop-''' (''descend'') + '''sim''' (''seat'')
|-
|'''yaopus'''||'' bounce 	''|| ya(''b'')'''-''' (''up'') + yo(''b'')'''-''' (''down'') + '''pus''' (''jump'')
|-
|'''yaovdut'''||'' juror 	''|| '''yav-''' (''innocent'') + '''yov-''' (''guilty'') + '''d-''' (''say'') + '''-ut''' (''agent'')
|-
|'''yaoza'''||'' uneven, bumpy, serrated 	''|| '''yaza''' (''convex'') + '''yoza''' (''concave'')
|-
|'''yaozgoblar'''||'' saw 	''|| '''yaz''' (''protrusion '') + '''yoz''' (''indentation'') + '''gobl-''' (''cut'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yaozil'''||'' wave 	''|| '''yaz''' (''swell'') + '''yoz''' (''trough'') + '''-il''' (''liquid'')
|-
|'''yuibteabar'''||'' bifocals 	''|| '''yub''' (''near'') + '''yib''' (''far'') + '''teab''' (''eye'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yuijar'''||'' valve, switch 	''|| '''yuj-''' (''close'') + '''yij-''' (''open'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''zaobelur'''||'' ferry 	''|| '''za-''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''bel-''' (''carry'') + '''-ur''' (''vehicle'')
|-
|'''zaobyexar'''||'' swatter, bat 	''|| '''za''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''byex-''' (''strike'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''zaodal'''||'' dialog 	''|| '''za-''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''dal''' (''speech'')
|-
|'''zaogoblar'''||'' saw 	''|| '''za''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''gobl''' (''cut'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''zaokyax'''||'' alternation 	''|| '''za''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''kyax''' (''change'')
|-
|'''zaopasen'''||'' swinging 	''|| '''za-''' (''forth'') + '''zo-''' (''back'') + '''pasen''' (''moving'')
|-
|'''zaopsim'''||'' swing or rocker 	''|| '''zap-''' (''go forth'') + '''zap''' (''go back'') + '''sim''' (''seat'')
|-
|'''zuibasen'''||'' wiggling 	''|| '''zu-''' (''left'') + '''zi-''' (''right'') + '''bas-''' (''move bodily'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''zuibayx'''||'' wag 	''|| '''zu-''' (''left'') + '''zi-''' (''right'') + '''bayx-''' (''slight body move'')
|-
|'''zuibyoxea'''||'' dangling 	''|| '''zu''' (''left'') + '''zi''' (''right'') + '''byox-''' (''hang down'') + '''-ea''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''zuiyafa'''||'' ambidextrous 	''|| '''zu-''' (''left'') + '''zi-''' (''right'') + '''yafa''' (''capable'')
|-
|'''zyaobas'''||'' throb 	''|| '''zya-''' (''wide'') + '''zyo-''' (''narrow'') + '''bas''' (''bodily movement'')
|-
|}

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Greetings|Word Families}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>igdtbd078x4b5zihov4bshjd138jxy8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Word Families</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417656</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088240</id>
      <parentid>4086705</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:19:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="321169" xml:space="preserve">= Word Families  =
== Stubs ==
: Stubs are abbreviated pieces of a root word that are often used as suffixes and sometimes as prefixes.  Here is a an alphabetical list:
:
::* '''-ab'''....''government, staff'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''dab'''....''government''
::* '''-al'''....''gaseous substance'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''mal'''....''air, gas''
::* '''-am'''....''house'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''tam'''....''house''
::* '''-ar'''....''instrument'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''sar'''....''tool''
::* '''do-'''....''public'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''dosyena'''....''official''
::* '''-eb'''....''leader'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''deb'''....''leader''
::* '''-el'''....''food'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''tel'''....''food''
::* '''-em'''....''place'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''nem'''....''place''
::* '''-i-'''....''self-directed verb formant'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''bier'''....''take''
::* '''-ib'''....''administration'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''dib'''....''administration''
::* '''-if'''....''endearing term'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''ifer'''....''to love''
::* '''-il'''....''liquid substance'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''mil'''....''water''
::* '''-im'''....''room'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''tim'''....''room''
::* '''-ir'''....''machine'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''sir'''....''machine''
::* '''-j'''....''time'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''job'''....''time''
::* '''-m'''....''place'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''nem'''....''place''
::* '''-of'''....''material'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''nof'''....''tissue''
::* '''-om'''....''situation or furniture'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''nom'''....''situation'' or '''nom'''....''furniture''
::* '''-or'''....''device in general'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''sor'''....''device''
::* '''-ov'''....''cloth'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''nov'''....''linen''
::* '''-s'''....''thing'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''sun'''....''thing''
::* '''-t'''....''person from'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''aot'''....''person''
::* '''-u-'''....''other-directed verb formant'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''buer'''....''give''
::* '''-ud'''....''descendant'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''tud'''....''child''
::* '''-ul'''....''substance'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''mul'''....''substance''
::* '''-um'''....''cell, compartment'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''tum'''....''compartment''
::* '''-un'''....''thing'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''sun'''....''thing''
::* '''-ur'''....''motorized device'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''sur'''....''motor''
::* '''-ut'''....''agent, one who'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''aot'''....''person''
::* '''-uz'''....''piece of jewelry'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''nuz'''....''jewel''
::* '''-yeb'''....''container'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''nyeb'''....''container''
::* '''-yeg'''....''hole'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''zyeg'''....''hole''
::* '''-yel'''....''gel, oil'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''myel'''....''viscous substance''
::* '''-yem'''....''enclose space'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''nyem'''....''enclosed space''
::* '''-yen'''....''manner, kind'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt; &lt; &lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''byen'''....''manner, way''

== Root Morphemes Alphabetized ==
: Here is an alphabetical list of root morphemes in Mirad.  All native Mirad words are derived from one or more of these roots.  Some of the roots are base words with an underlined ordinal vowel '''o''', which means that they represent the top-level member of a list of words where the ordinal vowel changes.  For example, '''m&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;r''' (''universe'') is the top-level member of a related hierarchy of words:  '''mar''' (''star''), '''mer''' (''planet''), etc.  This list does not include stub roots like ''-il'' (&lt; '''mil''' ''water''), which are listed separately in the next section.
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Root Morphemes
|-
| valign=top |
 '''-a'''....''derivational suffix that forms an adjective''
 '''-a-'''....''inflectional infix denoting perfect aspect''
 '''-a'''....''inflectional suffix denoting past tense''
 '''a'''....''the number one''
 '''ab'''....''on''
 '''af'''....''permission''
 '''ag-'''....''big, size''
 '''aj'''....''past''
 '''ak'''....''gain, win''
 '''am'''....''heat''
 '''as-'''....''become''
 '''at'''....''I, me''
 '''av'''....''for''
 '''ax-'''....''render''
 '''ay'''....''conjunction meaning and''
 '''-ay'''....''suffix denoting adverb, -ly''
 '''-ay-.'''....''infix meaning full of, -ful, -some, -ous''
 '''az-'''....''strong''
 '''b-'''....''put, set, transitive verb formant of gesturing''
 '''ba-'''....''lean on''
 '''bal-'''....''press''
 '''bar-'''....''crush''
 '''bas-'''....''budge''
 '''bax-'''....''stir''
 '''bay'''....''with''
 '''be'''....''at''
 '''be-'''....''have''
 '''bel-'''....''carry''
 '''bes-'''....''stay''
 '''bex-'''....''hold''
 '''bey'''....''by, via''
 '''bi'''....''from, of''
 '''bi-'''....''take''
 '''bis-'''....''withdraw''
 '''bix-'''....''pull''
 '''bo-'''....''prop up''
 '''b&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;k'''....''illness''
 '''bol-'''....''uphold''
 '''bos-'''....''be still''
 '''box-'''....''calm''
 '''boy'''....''without''
 '''bu-'''....''give''
 '''bu'''....''to''
 '''bul-'''....''grant''
 '''bur-'''....''yield''
 '''bus-'''....''head for''
 '''bux-'''....''push''
 '''byal-'''....''lift''
 '''byas-'''....''stand''
 '''byax-'''....''erect''
 '''byen'''....''manner''
 '''byex-'''....''tap''
 '''byi'''....''since, starting with''
 '''byis-'''....''emanate''
 '''byix-'''....''derive''
 '''byos-'''....''hang''
 '''byox-'''....''drop''
 '''byu-'''....''attain''
 '''byu'''....''up to, as far as''
 '''byux-'''....''touch''
 '''d-'''....''say, tell, communicate''
 '''dal-'''....''speak''
 '''daz-'''....''dance''
 '''del-'''....''declare''
 '''dez-'''....''theater''
 '''di-'''....''ask''
 '''din'''....''story''
 '''diz'''....''comedy''
 '''d&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''state''
 '''dol-'''....''be quiet''
 '''d&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;m'''....''city''
 '''d&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''military''
 '''d&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''society, social''
 '''dr-'''....''write''
 '''draf'''....''card''
 '''dras'''....''document''
 '''dref'''....''paper''
 '''dres'''....''note''
 '''drev'''....''page''
 '''drez'''....''poetry''
 '''dro-'''....''erase''
 '''drof'''....''board''
 '''drov'''....''cardboard''
 '''du-'''....''suggest''
 '''dun'''....''word''
 '''duz'''....''music''
 '''dye-'''....''read''
 '''dyez'''....''cinema''
 '''dyu-'''....''call''
 '''-e-'''....''infix inflection denoting progressive aspect''
 '''-e'''....''suffix inflection denoting present tense''
 '''e'''....''the number two''
 '''eb'''....''between''
 '''ef'''....''need, necessity''
 '''eg-'''....''normal''
 '''ej'''....''present''
 '''ek'''....''play, risk''
 '''-en'''....''suffix inflection denoting a gerund''
 '''-er'''....''suffix inflection denoting verbal infinitive''
 '''es-'''....''exist''
 '''-es'''....''inanimate diminutive suffix''
 '''-et'''....''animate diminutive suffix''
 '''et'''....''you''
 '''ev-'''....''neutral''
 '''ex-'''....''operate''
 '''ey'''....''the conjunction or''
 '''f-'''....''want''
 '''fi-'''....''good, well''
 '''f&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''plant''
 '''fu-'''....''bad/ill''
 '''fuf'''....''cylinder, pipe''
 '''fya'''....''holy, sacred, hiero-, sancti-''
 '''fyel'''....''wax''
 '''fyi-'''....''useful''
 '''fyo-'''....''profane, unholy, evil''
 '''fyu-'''....''harmful, damaging''
 '''ga'''....''more''
 '''ge'''....''equal, as''
 '''gi-'''....''sharp''
 '''go'''....''less''
 '''gu-'''....''angle''
 '''gya-'''....''fat''
 '''gyi-'''....''solid, compact, tenacious''
 '''gyo-'''....''thin, slim''
 '''gyu-'''....''fragile, delicate''
 '''hay'''....''hello''
 '''hey'''....''hey, oh''
 '''hiy'''....''here is''
 '''h&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;-'''....''which?, what?''
 '''hoy'''....''goodbye''
 '''huy'''....''there is''
 '''hyay'''....''hurrah, congratulations, cheers, thanks''
 '''hyey'''....''please, you're welcome''
 '''hyoy'''....''boo, sorry, too bad, excuse me''
 '''-i-'''....''infix acting as a subject-directed verb formant''
 '''-i'''....''suffix for pluralizing a noun''
 '''i'''....''the number three''
 '''ib'''....''away''
 '''if'''....''pleasure''
 '''ig-'''....''fast''
 '''ij'''....''beginning''
 '''ik-'''....''full''
 '''im-'''....''wet''
 '''is-'''....''start out''
 '''it'''....''he, him, she, her''
 '''iv-'''....''happy''
 '''ix-'''....''result''
 '''iz'''....''straight''
 '''ja'''....''before''
 '''jag'''....''age''
 '''je'''....''while, during''
 '''ji'''....''since''
 '''jo'''....''after''
 '''j&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''time''
 '''jod'''....''occasion, time''
 '''jog'''....''age''
 '''ju'''....''until''
 '''jud'''....''date''
 '''jwa-'''....''early''
 '''jwe-'''....''on time''
 '''jwo-'''....''late''
| valign=top |
 '''ka-'''....''find''
 '''ke-'''....''seek''
 '''ki-'''....''oblique''
 '''ko-'''....''hidden''
 '''ku-'''....''lateral, side''
 '''kya-'''....''change, variable''
 '''kye-'''....''haphazard, random''
 '''kyi-'''....''heavy''
 '''kyo-'''....''fixed, stationary''
 '''kyu-'''....''light, levity''
 '''-l-'''....''infix for the decades''
 '''-l-'''....''infix that intensifies the semantics of the stem''
 '''lo-'''....''prefix that reverses the semantics of the stem''
 '''lyo-'''....''prefix that strongly reverses the semantics of the stem''
 '''-m'''....''suffix or infix denoting metal ''
 '''ma-'''....''bright''
 '''maf'''....''cloud''
 '''mag'''....''fire''
 '''maj'''....''daytime''
 '''mak'''....''electricity''
 '''malz'''....''white''
 '''mav'''....''flame''
 '''meb'''....''mountain''
 '''mef'''....''brick''
 '''meg'''....''stone''
 '''mek'''....''power''
 '''mev'''....''porcelain''
 '''mez'''....''crystal''
 '''-ml-'''....''infix for the millions''
 '''mo-'''....''dark''
 '''mob'''....''abyss''
 '''mog'''....''ash''
 '''moj'''....''nighttime''
 '''m&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;l'''....''nature''
 '''molz'''....''black''
 '''m&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;m'''....''outer space''
 '''m&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''orbit''
 '''m&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''universe, cosmos''
 '''m&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;s'''....''floor''
 '''mov'''....''smoke''
 '''-mr-'''....''infix for the billions''
 '''-ms-'''....''infix denoting metalloid''
 '''mub'''....''promontory''
 '''muf'''....''stick''
 '''mug'''....''metal''
 '''muk'''....''mineral''
 '''muz'''....''precious ore''
 '''-n'''....''nominalizing suffix''
 '''nab'''....''row, rank''
 '''nad'''....''line''
 '''nag'''....''dimension''
 '''nap'''....''order''
 '''nas'''....''money''
 '''nax'''....''price''
 '''naz'''....''value''
 '''ne-'''....''save''
 '''ned'''....''surface''
 '''neg'''....''level''
 '''nem'''....''place''
 '''ni-'''....''consume''
 '''nid'''....''volume''
 '''nig'''....''space''
 '''no-'''....''spend''
 '''nod'''....''point''
 '''n&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;f'''....''cloth''
 '''nog'''....''degree''
 '''nom'''....''situation''
 '''n&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;v'''....''linen''
 '''nu-'''....''supply''
 '''nuz'''....''jewel''
 '''nya-'''....''accumulate''
 '''nye-'''....''stock, store''
 '''nyem'''....''enclosed space''
 '''nyi-'''....''order, requisition''
 '''nyo-'''....''waste''
 '''nyu-'''....''ship, deliver''
 '''-o-'''....''infix inflection denoting the imminent aspect''
 '''o-'''....''prefix that reverses semantics of the stem, -un, -in, non-''
 '''-o'''....''suffix inflection denoting the future tense''
 '''o'''....''the number zero or null''
 '''ob'''....''off''
 '''of'''....''prohibition''
 '''og-'''....''little, small''
 '''oj'''....''future''
 '''ok'''....''loss''
 '''om'''....''cold''
 '''os-'''....''cease to be''
 '''ot'''....''person, one''
 '''ov'''....''against''
 '''ov'''....''against''
 '''ox-'''....''be idle''
 '''oy'''....''conjunction but''
 '''-oy-'''....''infix denoting without, -less''
 '''oz-'''....''weak''
 '''p-'''....''go''
 '''pas-'''....''move''
 '''pax-'''....''move''
 '''pes-'''....''wait''
 '''pex-'''....''trap''
 '''pi-'''....''depart''
 '''pix-'''....''catch''
 '''pos-'''....''stop''
 '''p&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''animal''
 '''pox-'''....''stop''
 '''pu-'''....''arrive''
 '''pus-'''....''jump''
 '''pux-'''....''throw''
 '''pya-'''....''hover''
 '''pyas-'''....''jump''
 '''pyax-'''....''launch''
 '''pyex-'''....''strike''
 '''pyis-'''....''spring from''
 '''pyos-'''....''fall''
 '''pyox-'''....''drop''
 '''pyu-'''....''reach''
 '''pyus-'''....''pounce''
 '''pyux-'''....''collide''
 '''-r-'''....''infix for the thousands''
 '''-r-'''....''infix that intensifies the semantics of the stem''
 '''s-'''....''be, become''
 '''-s-'''....''numeric infix for hundreds (like aso, meaning one hundred)''
 '''sa-'''....''comprise''
 '''sag'''....''number''
 '''san'''....''form''
 '''sar'''....''instrument, tool''
 '''sav'''....''reason''
 '''sin'''....''image''
 '''sir'''....''machine''
 '''s&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;m'''....''furniture''
 '''son'''....''matter''
 '''sor'''....''device of some kind''
 '''su-'''....''provide''
 '''sun'''....''thing''
 '''sur'''....''motorized device''
 '''syab'''....''summit''
 '''syan'''....''kind''
 '''syen'''....''style''
 '''syin'''....''subject''
 '''syob'''....''base''
 '''syun'''....''object''
 '''t-'''....''know''
 '''taj'''....''birth''
 '''tap'''....''physique''
 '''tax-'''....''remember''
 '''tej'''....''life''
 '''tep'''....''mind''
 '''tex-'''....''think''
 '''tez'''....''art''
 '''ti-'''....''find out''
 '''tij'''....''woke state''
 '''tin'''....''doctrine, -ism''
 '''tip'''....''sentiment''
 '''tis-'''....''learn''
 '''tix-'''....''study''
 '''t&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''human, man, person''
 '''t&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;d'''....''family''
 '''t&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;f'''....''clothing, apparel''
 '''toj'''....''death''
 '''t&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;l'''....''nutrition''
 '''t&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;m'''....''building''
 '''top'''....''soul''
 '''tos'''....''feeling''
 '''t&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''god''
 '''tox-'''....''forget''
 '''tr-'''....''recognize''
 '''tu-'''....''inform''
 '''tuj'''....''sleep''
 '''tun'''....''science, -ology''
 '''tup'''....''limb''
 '''tux-'''....''teach''
 '''tyan'''....''class''
 '''tyen'''....''skill''
 '''tyez'''....''magic''
 '''tyod'''....''people''
| valign=top |
 '''-u-'''....''infix denoting an action toward an object''
 '''-u-'''....''infix inflection denoting the potential aspect''
 '''-u'''....''suffix inflection denoting the hypothetical mood''
 '''u'''....''the number four''....
 '''ub'''....''toward''
 '''ug-'''....''slow''
 '''uj'''....''end''
 '''um-'''....''dry''
 '''us-'''....''end up''
 '''-us'''....''inanimate agent suffix''
 '''-ut'''....''agent suffix''
 '''ut'''....''self''
 '''uv-'''....''sad''
 '''ux-'''....''cause''
 '''uz'''....''curve''
 '''va'''....''yes''
 '''ve'''....''maybe''
 '''vi-'''....''beautiful''
 '''vo'''....''no''
 '''v&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''crop''
 '''v&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;l'''....''vegetable....''
 '''v&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;s'''....''flower''
 '''v&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;lz'''....''color''
 '''vu-'''....''ugly''
 '''vya-'''....''true, truly''
 '''vye-'''....''relative''
 '''vyi-'''....''clean''
 '''vyo-'''....''wrong, mis-''
 '''vyu-'''....''dirty''
 '''-w-'''....''infix denoting male gender''
 '''-w-'''....''infix denoting passive voice''
 '''-w-'''....''infix for the numeric units''
 '''-w-'''....''substitute for intensifying infix -y- when pronunciation would be difficult''
 '''x-'''....''do, make, cause, -ify''
 '''xa-'''....''execute''
 '''xag'''....''occasion''
 '''xi-'''....''result in''
 '''xo-'''....''undergo''
 '''xu-'''....''bring about''
 '''-y-'''....''infix denoting active voice in bi-level tenses''
 '''ya'''....''the number six''
 '''yab'''....''up''
 '''yaf-'''....''able''
 '''yag-'''....''long''
 '''yak-'''....''expect''
 '''yan'''....''together''
 '''yat'''....''we, us''
 '''yav-'''....''innocent''
 '''yax-'''....''be busy''
 '''yaz'''....''convexity''
 '''ye'''....''the number seven''
 '''yeb'''....''in''
 '''yef'''....''obligation''
 '''yeg-'''....''prefix meaning again, re-''
 '''yek'''....''attempt''
 '''yet'''....''you (pl.)''
 '''yev'''....''just, fair''
 '''yex-'''....''work''
 '''yez'''....''along''
 '''yi'''....''the number eight''
 '''yib'''....''far''
 '''yif-'''....''dare, courageous''
 '''yig-'''....''hard''
 '''yij-'''....''open''
 '''yik-'''....''difficult''
 '''yit'''....''they, them''
 '''yiv-'''....''free, freedom''
 '''yix-'''....''use''
 '''yiz'''....''beyond''
 '''yo-'''....''prefix that intensely negates the semantics of the stem''
 '''yo'''....''the number five''
 '''yob'''....''down''
 '''yof-'''....''inability, cannot''
 '''yog-'''....''short''
 '''yok-'''....''be surprised''
 '''yom'''....''ice''
 '''yon'''....''apart''
 '''yot'''....''they, people''
 '''yov-'''....''guilty''
 '''yox-'''....''be idle''
 '''yoz'''....''concavity''
 '''yu'''....''the number nine''
 '''yub'''....''near''
 '''yuf-'''....''fear''
 '''yug-'''....''soft''
 '''yuj-'''....''closed''
 '''yuk-'''....''easy''
 '''yuv-'''....''bound''
 '''yux-'''....''help''
 '''yuz'''....''around''
 '''za'''....''front''
 '''zay'''....''ahead''
 '''ze'''....''middle''
 '''zey'''....''across''
 '''zi'''....''right''
 '''zo'''....''behind''
 '''zoy'''....''back''
 '''zu'''....''left''
 '''zya'''....''throughout''
 '''zye'''....''through''
 '''zyi-'''....''flat''
 '''zyo-'''....''narrow''
 '''zyu-'''....''round''
|}

== Mnemonics and Analogy ==
: This is a language where phonetics is used to present mnemonic relationships and analogy among words as in the following example, based on the word '''teub'''....''mouth'':
: 
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Mnemonic Family
| '''teub'''....''mouth'' || '''seux'''....''sound''|| '''xeus'''....''noise'' || '''xeuz'''....''tune'' || '''teuz'''....''voice''....'''deuz'''....''song'' || '''seuz'''....''tone'' || '''deus'''....''accent'' ||'''deud'''....''shout''
|}

: Here are some other examples where analogy and mnemonics are used to the maximum:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Analogy and Mnemonics
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''deb'''....''leader'' || '''xeb'''....''boss'' || '''feb'''....''treetop'' || '''veb'''....''tuft''|| || ||
|-
| '''tub'''....''limb'' || '''dub'''....''minister'' || '''xub'''....''subsidiary'' || '''fub'''....''branch'' || '''vub'''....''twig'' || '''patub'''....''wing'' ||'''petub'''....''paw'' || '''pitub'''....''fin''
|-
| '''teub'''....''mouth'' || '''pateub'''....''beak'' || '''peteub'''....''muzzle'' || || || || ||
|-
| '''tayeb'''....''hair'' || '''patayeb'''....''feather'' || '''pitayeb'''....''scale'' || '''fayeb'''....''leaf'' || '''vosayeb'''....''petal'' || '''potayeb'''....''mane''|| ||
|-
| '''tayob'''....''skin'' || '''tayof'''....''leather'' || '''petayob'''....''hide'' || '''fayob'''....''bark'' || '''vayob'''....''peel''|| || ||
|-
| '''tyob'''....''leg'' || '''fyob'''....''root'' || '''vyob'''....''plant root'' || '''syob'''....''base''|| || || ||
|-
| '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''fib'''....''tree trunk'' || '''vib'''....''stem'' || || || || ||
|-
| '''tulob'''....''nail'' || '''petulob'''....''claw'' || '''fulob'''....''thorn'' || '''defulob'''....''needle'' || '''mulob'''....''pin, prick''|| || ||
|-
| '''tiibuf'''....''artery'' || '''fuf'''....''pipe'' || '''muf'''....''stick, rod'' || '''movuf'''....''cheminey'' || '''fauf'''....''log'' || '''manuf'''....''candle''|| ||
|-
| '''til'''....''drink'' || '''teabil'''....''tear'' || '''teubil'''....''saliva'' || '''dril'''....''ink'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''mamil'''....''rain'' || '''tayobil'''....''sweat'' || '''bil'''....''milk''
|}

== The '''xer''' (''Do'') Family ==

: The verb '''xer''' means ''to do''.  Many words are built from this base word using the postional/directional vowel coding rule. Words ending in '''xer''' contrast with those ending in '''ser''', in that the former are transitive (taking an object), as opposed to intransitive (taking no object).


=== Core Words ===
: This chart shows the core verbs in the '''xer''' family:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Xer Family Core Words
|-
| '''axer'''....''render'' || '''exer'''....''function'' || '''oxer'''....''undo'' || '''ixer'''....''effect'' || '''uxer'''....''cause''
|-
| '''axler'''....''act, behave'' || '''exler'''....''operate'' ||  || '''ixler'''....''react'' || '''uxler'''....''influence''
|-
| '''axrer'''....''execute''  || '''exner'''....''behave''|| || || '''uxrer'''....''provoke''
|- 
| '''xaer'''....''execute'' || '''xeer'''....''exercise'' || '''xoer'''....''undergo'' || '''xier'''....''result'' || '''xuer'''....''affect''
|-
| '''xaler'''....''accomplish'' || '''xeler'''....''practice''  || '''xoler'''....''fail'' || '''xiler'''....''undertake'' || '''xuler'''....''bring about''
|-
| '''yaxer'''....''be busy'' || '''yexer'''....''work''|| '''yoxer'''....''be idle'' || '''yixer'''....''use'' || '''yuxer'''....''help''
|-
| || '''yexler'''....''labor'' || '''yoxler'''....''resign'' || '''yixler'''....''hire, employ''&lt;br&gt;'''loyixler'''....''fire'' || '''yuxler'''....''serve''
|-
| || '''yexrer'''....''toil'' || || '''yixrer'''....''exploit'' || '''yuxrer'''....''slave''&lt;br&gt;'''yuxruer'''....''enslave''
|}

=== Creating Derived '''xer''' Words with Prefixes ===

: Using prefixation, many other words can be built from these core words:

: Keep in mind that '''xer''' can mean ''do'', ''make'', or ''cause'' in the following derived terms:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Prefixing Xer Words
|-
! PREFIX !! BASE !! DERIVATION
|-
| '''ana'''....''single''  || '''xer'''....''make'' || '''anaxer'''....''unify''
|-
| '''an-'''....''one-''  || '''xer'''....''make'' || '''anxer'''....''unite'' 
|-
| '''yan'''....''together''  || '''exer'''....''operate'' || '''yanexer'''....''cooperate'' 
|-
| '''yan'''....''together''  || '''yexer'''....''work'' || '''yanyexer'''....''collaborate''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart''  || '''xer'''....''make'' || '''yonxer'''....''split'' 
|-
| '''ge'''....''equal''  || '''xer'''....''make'' ||  '''gexer'''....''copy'' 
|-
| '''ja'''....''before''  || '''xer'''....''make'' ||  '''jaxer'''....''prepare'' 
|-
| '''je'''....''while''  || '''xer'''....''do'' ||  '''jexer'''....''continue''
|-
| '''ig-'''....''fast''  || '''xer'''....''do'' || '''igxer'''....''rush'' 
|-
| '''ug-'''....''slow''  || '''xer'''....''do'' ||  '''ugxer'''....''delay'' 
|-
| '''oj'''....''future''  || '''xer'''....''do'' ||  '''ojxer'''....''plan'' 
|-
| '''zoy-'''....''re-, back-''  || '''xer'''....''do'' || '''zoyxer'''....''redo''
|-
| '''sa(n)'''....''shape''  || '''xer'''....''make'' || '''saxer'''....''create'' 
|-
| '''se(n)'''....''being''  || '''xer'''....''make'' || '''sexer'''....''build''
|-
| '''lo-'''....''un-''  || '''sexer'''....''build'' ||  '''losexer'''....''destroy''
|-
| '''mel'''....''soil''  || '''yexer'''....''work'' ||  '''melyexer'''....''plough'' 
|-
| '''tea(b)'''....''eye''  || '''xer'''....''do'' ||  '''teaxer'''....''look''
|-
| '''lo-'''....''un-''  || '''yixler'''....''hire'' || '''loyixler'''....''fire''
|-
| '''mag'''....''fire''  || '''xer'''....''cause'' || '''magxer'''....''burn''
|- 
| '''yuf'''....''fear''  || '''xer'''....''cause'' || '''yufxer'''....''frighten''
|-
| '''dofun'''....''crime''  || '''xer'''....''do'' || '''dofunxer'''....''commit a crime''
|-
| '''gra'''....''too much''  || '''xer'''....''do'' || '''graxer'''....''exaggerate''
|-
| '''yeg-'''....''re-''  || '''axler'''....''act'' || '''yegaxler'''....''react''
|-
| '''fu-'''....''bad''  || '''exner'''....''behave'' || '''fuexner'''....''misbehave''
|}

=== Using '''xer''' to Build Verbs from Adjectives ===

: Unlimited transitive verbs can be created with adjectives and '''xer''' as a suffix like ''-ify'', ''-ate'', ''-ize'' in English.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Building Verbs from Adjectives
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! VERB
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agaxer'''....''magnify''
|-
| '''goa'''....''lesser'' || '''goaxer'''....''diminish''
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || '''fiaxer'''....''improve''
|-
| '''jwoa'''....''late'' || '''jwoaxer'''....''retard''
|-
| '''uva'''....''sad'' || '''uvaxer'''....''sadden''
|-
| '''via'''....''beautiful'' || '''viaxer'''....''beautify''
|- 
| '''ebdooba'''....''international'' || '''ebdoobaxer'''....''internationalize''
|}

: '''''Note''''':  Sometimes, the adjectival ending '''-a''' is dropped.  This often produces a difference nuance.  For example, '''agaxer''' means ''to magnify, make bigger'', but '''agxer''' is more idiomatic and means ''to grow''.

: The passive of '''xer''', '''xwer'''....''to be done'' can be used to mean ''to happen'' or ''to become''.  For example:

::* '''Duhaj hus xwa?'''....''When did that happen?''
::* '''At uvaxwa haj hu at teata ha tobud.'''....''I became sad (=was saddened) when I saw the child.''

=== Using '''xer''' for All-Purpose Idioms ===
: The verb '''xer''' can be used as an all-purpose verb for actions which in English are expressed with a variety of idiomatic verbs, for example:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;xer&lt;/u&gt; deuz'''....''to &lt;u&gt;perform&lt;/u&gt; a song''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;xer&lt;/u&gt; ifpop'''....''to &lt;u&gt;take&lt;/u&gt; a cruise''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;xer&lt;/u&gt; ebdid'''....''to &lt;u&gt;conduct&lt;/u&gt; an interview''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;xer&lt;/u&gt; yagigpek'''....''to &lt;u&gt;run&lt;/u&gt; a marathon''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;xer&lt;/u&gt; dazun'''....''to &lt;u&gt;do&lt;/u&gt; a dance number''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;xer&lt;/u&gt; dezekgon'''....''to &lt;u&gt;play&lt;/u&gt; a role''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;xer&lt;/u&gt; dovyabdras'''....''to &lt;u&gt;enact&lt;/u&gt; a piece of legislation''
=== Using '''axer''' with Adjectives ===
: The verb '''axer''' can be used as a standalone word to form expressions with adjectives, such as '''to make/render someone happy''', eg.:
:* '''Hua deuz &lt;u&gt;axa&lt;/u&gt; at uva.'''....''That song &lt;u&gt;made&lt;/u&gt; me sad.''
:* '''Et &lt;u&gt;axeye&lt;/u&gt; yat gla oyukoma.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are making&lt;/u&gt; us very uncomfortable.''
:* '''Hia apyex &lt;u&gt;axa&lt;/u&gt; at teptuja.'''....''This attack &lt;u&gt;rendered&lt;/u&gt; me unconcious.''
=== Using '''uxer''' for Causative Constructions===
: The verb '''uxer''' is used in the meaning '''cause/make/get/force''' someone do something, eg.:
::* '''Ha teyd &lt;u&gt;uxa&lt;/u&gt; ha tud doler.'''....''The mother &lt;u&gt;got&lt;/u&gt; the child to be silent.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;uxwa&lt;/u&gt; simper boy der hyes.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;was made&lt;/u&gt; to sit without saying anything.''
::* '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;uxa&lt;/u&gt; iyta tayeb goblwer.''''....''She &lt;u&gt;got&lt;/u&gt; her hair cut.'' (Same as: '''Iyt gobluxa iyta tayeb.'')
=== Using '''oxer''' for Failing to Do Something===
: The verb '''oxer'' is used in the meaning ''fail (to do something)'', eg.:
::* '''Ven et &lt;u&gt;oxo&lt;/u&gt; puer gwe, et loyixlo.'''....''If you &lt;u&gt;fail&lt;/u&gt; to arrive on time, you will be fired.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;oxa&lt;/u&gt; tester has hu at yakweya xer.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;failed&lt;/u&gt; to understand what I was supposed to do.''

== The '''ser''' (''Be'') Family ==


=== Core Words ===

: The core verb '''ser''' means ''to be'' and is the base for many verbs having to do with being, becoming, and creating. Verbs ending in '''ser''' are intransitive (taking no object) and contrast with those ending in '''xer''', which are transitive (taking an object).  Verbs in '''ser''' often are stative, i.e. linking verbs.

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Core Ser Verbs
|-
| '''aser'''....''become'' || '''eser'''....''exist, there to be'' || '''oser'''....''cease to be'' || '''iser'''....''start out'' || '''user'''....''end up''
|}

=== Creating Stative Verbs from Adjectives ===

: The core verb '''ser''' can be postfixed to adjectives to form a class of verbs called stative, which have the meaning '''become X''', and which contrast with parallel transitive verbs in '''xer'''.  If the adjectival ending '''a''' is dropped, then the resulting stative verb has a more idiomatic sense.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Stative Verbs
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! STATIVE VERB
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agaser'''....''get big''
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agser'''....''grow''
|-
| '''uza'''....''curved'' || '''uzaser'''....''curve, bend, bow''
|-
| '''kyaa'''....''mobile'' || '''kyaser'''....''change, vary''
|-
| '''mayna'''....''clear'' || '''maynaser'''....''clear up''
|-
| '''iga'''....''fast'' || '''igaser'''....''become fast, accelerate''
|-
| '''iga'''....''fast'' || '''igser'''....''rush, hurry''
|}

: Stative verbs in '''-ser''' are most often intransitive and contrast with dynamic, transitive verbs in '''-xer'''.  Here are some comparative examples:

:* '''It &lt;u&gt;agxe&lt;/u&gt; vafyabi.'''....''He &lt;u&gt;grows&lt;/u&gt; grapes.'' (TRANSITIVE/DYNAMIC)
:* '''Vafyabi voy &lt;u&gt;agse&lt;/u&gt; fiay him.'''....''Grapes do not &lt;u&gt;grow&lt;/u&gt; well here.'' (INTRANSITIVE/STATIVE)


:* '''His &lt;u&gt;kyaxa&lt;/u&gt; yata teji.'''....''This &lt;u&gt;changed&lt;/u&gt; our lives.''
:* '''Yata teji &lt;u&gt;kyasa&lt;/u&gt; hujub.'''....''Our lives &lt;u&gt;changed&lt;/u&gt; on that day.''


:* '''Ha mapi &lt;u&gt;uzaxa&lt;/u&gt; ha fabi.'''....''The winds &lt;u&gt;bent&lt;/u&gt; the trees.''
:* '''Ha fabi &lt;u&gt;uzasa&lt;/u&gt; je ha mapilag.'''....''The trees &lt;u&gt;bowed&lt;/u&gt; during the storm.''


:* '''Von &lt;u&gt;igxu&lt;/u&gt; at.'''....''Don't &lt;u&gt;rush&lt;/u&gt; me.'' (TRANSITIVE/DYNAMIC)
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Igsu&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Hurry up&lt;/u&gt;!'' (INTRANSITIVE/STATIVE)

=== Creating Stative Verbs from Nouns ===

: The above stative verbs were created from adjectives, but such verbs can also be formed from nouns and have the meaning '''to become (something)''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Creating Stative Verbs from Adjectives
|-
! NOUN !! STATIVE VERB
|-
| '''meg'''....''stone'' || '''megser'''....''petrify, become rock''
|-
| '''abnod'''....''peak'' || '''abnodser'''....''peak, climax''
|-
| '''fub'''....''branch'' || '''fubser'''....''branch out, ramify''
|-
| '''yom'''....''ice'' || '''yomser'''....''freeze''
|-
| '''maf'''....''cloud'' || '''mafser'''....''cloud over''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ilser'''....''liquefy, melt''
|}
=== Using Aser as a Standalone Verb Meaning &quot;become&quot;===
: The verb '''aser''' can mean &quot;to become (something or some way), eg.:
::* '''Ha graotyan &lt;u&gt;aseye&lt;/u&gt; paaxwa.'''....''The crowd &lt;u&gt;is becoming&lt;/u&gt; agitated.''
::* '''At fe &lt;u&gt;aser&lt;/u&gt; dovalkdibut haj at agso.'''....''I want &lt;u&gt;to become&lt;/u&gt; a policeman when I grow up.''

== The '''ber''' (''Put'') and '''per''' (''Go'') Families ==

: The base words '''ber'''....''to put'' and '''per'''....''to go'', combined with positional/directional prefixes and various other word prefixes, form many words having to do with positions, bodily gestures, and directional motions.  Those ending in '''ber''' are transitive verbs, while those ending in '''per''' are mostly intransitive.   
:


=== Common '''ber/per''' Verbs Built from Prefixes ===

: (Bear in mind that a '''b''' at the end of a prepositional or adverbial prefix is dropped before '''per''' or '''ber''')
:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Building Verbs with Positional/Directional Prefixes and Vowels
! PREFIX  !! TRANSITIVE GESTURE !! INTRANSITIVE MOTION
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''aber'''....''put on'' || '''aper'''....''get on''
|-
| '''eb'''....''between'' || '''eber'''....''block'' || '''eper'''....''intervene''
|-
| '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ober'''....''remove'' || '''oper'''....''dismount''
|-
| '''ib'''....''away'' || '''iber'''....''receive'' || '''iper'''....''go away''
|-
| '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''uber'''....''send'' || '''uper'''....''come''
|-
| '''bi'''....''from'' || '''bier'''....''take'' || '''pier'''....''leave''
|-
| '''bu'''....''to'' || '''buer'''....''give'' || '''puer'''....''arrive''
|-
| '''ayb'''....''over'' || '''ayber'''...''put over'' || '''ayper'''....''go over''
|-
| '''oyb'''....''under'' || '''oyber'''...''put under'' || '''oyper'''....''go under''
|-
| '''bay'''....''with'' || '''bayber'''....''impart'' || '''bayper'''....''accompany''
|-
| '''boy'''....''without'' || '''boyber'''....''deprive'' || '''boyper'''....''go without''
|-
| '''byi'''....''since'' || '''byier'''....''emanate'' || '''pyier'''....''originate''
|-
| '''byu'''....''up to'' || '''byuer'''....''touch'' || '''pyuer'''....''reach''
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yeber'''....''insert''|| '''yeper'''....''enter''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yober'''....''lower'' || '''yoper'''....''descend''
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiber'''....''take away'' || '''yiper'''....''move far away''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near''  || '''yuber'''....''bring'' || '''yuper'''....''approach''
|-
| '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyeber'''....''expose'' || '''oyeper'''....''enter''
|-
| '''za'''....''front'' || '''zaber'''....''advance'' || '''zaper'''....''advance''
|-
| '''ze'''....''middle'' || '''zeber'''....''balance'' || '''zeper'''....''mediate''
|-
| '''zo'''....''behind'' || '''zober'''....''put behind'' || '''zoper'''....''follow''
|-
| '''zi'''....''right'' || '''ziber'''....''put to the right'' || '''ziper'''....''go right''
|-
| '''zu'''....''left'' || '''zuber'''....''put to the left'' || '''zuper'''....''go left''
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' || '''izber'''....''guide'' || '''izper'''....''head''
|-
| '''uz'''....''curve'' || '''uzber'''....''turn'' || '''uzper'''....''turn''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' || '''zayber'''....''promote'' || '''zayper'''....''proceed''
|-
| '''zey'''....''across'' || '''zeyber'''....''transfer'' || '''zeyper'''....''cross''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back'' || '''zoyber'''....''put back'' || '''zayper'''....''return''
|-
| '''zya'''....''all over'' || '''zyaber'''....''spread'' || '''zyaper'''....''disperse''
|-
| '''zye'''....''through'' || '''zyeber'''....''pass through'' || '''zyeper'''....''penetrate''
|-
| '''zyi'''....''flat'' || '''zyiber'''....''lay'' || '''zyiper'''....''lie''
|-
| '''zyu'''....''round'' || '''zyuber'''....''rotate'' || '''zyuper'''....''roll''
|-
| '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yizber'''....''take beyond'' || '''yizper'''....''surpass''
|-
| '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''yuzber'''....''turn'' || '''yuzper'''....''circulate''
|-
| '''zyag'''....''stretched out'' || '''zyagber'''....''stretch'' || '''zyagper'''....''stretch out''
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' || '''jaber'''....''prepare'' || '''japer'''....''precede''
|-
| '''je'''....''during'' || '''jeber'''....''continue'' || '''jeper'''....''continue''
|-
| '''jo'''....''after'' || '''jober'''....''delay'' || '''joper'''....''follow''
|-
| '''aj'''....''past'' || '''ajber'''....''pass'' || '''ajper'''....''pass''
|-
| '''ej'''....''present'' || '''ejber'''....''present'' || '''ejper'''....''present oneself''
|-
| '''oj'''....''future'' || '''ojber'''....''postpone'' || '''ojper'''....''wait?''
|-
| '''yan'''....''together'' || '''yanber'''....''assemble'' || '''yanper'''....''join''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart'' || '''yonber'''....''take apart'' || '''yonper'''....''separate''
|-
| '''ko-'''....''hidden'' || '''kober'''....''hide'' || '''koper'''....''hide''
|-
| '''ki-'''....''oblique'' || '''kiber'''....''bend'' || '''kiper'''....''slant, slide, incline''
|-
| '''ku-'''....''lateral'' || '''kuber'''....''set aside'' || '''kuper'''....''avoid, sidestep''
|-
| '''ik-'''....''full'' || '''ikber'''....''fill'' || '''ikper'''....''become full''
|-
| '''uk-'''....''empty''||'''ukber'''....''empty'' || '''ukper'''....''become empty''
|}

=== Common Verb Derivatives ===
: The following chart shows a number of verb derivatives of '''ber''' and '''per''' formed by:
::* augmenting the '''b''' or '''p''' with a vowel having a general sense of direction relative to the speaker;
::* adding a verb formant at the end of the stem ('''-s''' (intransitive), '''-x''' (transitive), '''-l''', '''-r''', or '''-n''');
::* intensifying the meaning of the word by prefixing the vowel stem with '''-y-''', '''-l-''', or '''-r'''-.
::* sometimes prefixing the stem with one or more prepositions or other semantic morphemes.
: In these words, stems beginning with '''p-''' are more intense than those in '''b-'''.
: The general formula for these verbs is &quot;(PREFIX +)?[bp][y]?[aeoiu][sx]?[lr]?er&quot;.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Building B- and P- Verbs with Verb Formants, Directional Vowels, and Intensifying Consonants
! A-vowel || E-vowel || O-vowel || I-vowel || U-vowel
|-
| valign=top | 
'''baer'''....''lean on''
&lt;br&gt;'''baler'''....''press''
&lt;br&gt;'''yuzbaler'''....''squeeze''
&lt;br&gt;'''kyibaler'''....''stress''
&lt;br&gt;'''yanbaler'''....''compress''
&lt;br&gt;'''yobaler'''....''suppress''
&lt;br&gt;'''yebaler'''....''impress''
&lt;br&gt;'''zoybaler'''....''squelch''
&lt;br&gt;'''zyobaler'''....''constrict''
&lt;br&gt;'''tyoyibaler'''....''trample''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilbaler'''....''squirt''
&lt;br&gt;'''lokyibaler'''....''relax''
&lt;br&gt;'''oyebaler'''....''express''
&lt;br&gt;'''barer'''....''crush''
&lt;br&gt;'''abarer'''....''squash''
&lt;br&gt;'''gibarer'''....''stab''
&lt;br&gt;'''ikbarer'''....''obliterate''
&lt;br&gt;'''tyoyibarer'''....''stomp on''
&lt;br&gt;'''yanbarer'''....''crunch''
&lt;br&gt;'''yuzbarer'''....''choke''
&lt;br&gt;'''zyobarer'''....''compact''
&lt;br&gt;'''baser/baxer'''....''budge/stir''
&lt;br&gt;'''zaobaser/zaobaxer'''....''rock/rock''
&lt;br&gt;'''byaser/byaxer'''....''stand up/erect''
&lt;br&gt;'''abaxer'''....''pat''
&lt;br&gt;'''abalser'''....''stroke''
&lt;br&gt;'''abarxer'''....''rub''
&lt;br&gt;'''basler/baxler'''....''shake/shake''
&lt;br&gt;'''byaler'''....''lift''


&lt;br&gt;'''paer'''....''hover''
&lt;br&gt;'''paser/paxer'''....''move/move''
&lt;br&gt;'''kipaser'''....''glide''
&lt;br&gt;'''kuipaser'''....''slide''
&lt;br&gt;'''ugpaser'''....''dawdle''
&lt;br&gt;'''tapaser'''....''exercise''
&lt;br&gt;'''tepaxer'''....''motivate''
&lt;br&gt;'''tiplaxer'''....''thrill''
&lt;br&gt;'''yokpaser'''....''jerk''
&lt;br&gt;'''kyepaser'''....''wander''
&lt;br&gt;'''kupaser/kupaxer'''....''move aside/move aside''
&lt;br&gt;'''uizpaser'''....''stagger''
&lt;br&gt;'''yuzpaser'''....''circulate''
&lt;br&gt;'''zaopaser'''....''swing''
&lt;br&gt;'''zaypaser'''....''progress''
&lt;br&gt;'''pasler/plaxer'''....''shake/shake up''
&lt;br&gt;'''praser/paxler'''....''convulse/rattle''
&lt;br&gt;'''zaopasler/zaopaxler'''....''wobble/shake back and forth''
&lt;br&gt;'''ompasler'''....''shiver''
&lt;br&gt;'''apaxer'''....''wipe''
&lt;br&gt;'''apaxler'''....''sweep''
&lt;br&gt;'''ibapaxler'''....''sweep away''
&lt;br&gt;'''apaxler'''....''scrub''
&lt;br&gt;'''pyaser/pyaxer'''....''jump/launch''
&lt;br&gt;'''yapyaser/yapyaxer'''....''jump up/throw up''
&lt;br&gt;'''yaopyaser/yaopyaxer'''....''bounce/bounce''
&lt;br&gt;'''aypyaser/aypyaxer'''....''jump over/throw over''
&lt;br&gt;'''uzpyaser'''....''vault''
&lt;br&gt;'''opyaser/opyaxer'''....''jump off/throw off''
&lt;br&gt;'''oyepyaser/oyepyaxer'''....''jump out/throw out''
| valign=top | 
'''beer'''....''have''
&lt;br&gt;'''beler'''....''carry''
&lt;br&gt;'''beser/bexer'''....''stay/hold''
&lt;br&gt;'''kyobexer'''....''hold steady''
&lt;br&gt;'''zoybexer'''....''retain''
&lt;br&gt;'''zobexer'''....''detain''
&lt;br&gt;'''oyebeser/oyebexer'''....''stay out/exclude''
&lt;br&gt;'''yebeser/yebexer'''....''stay in/include''
&lt;br&gt;'''yanbeser/yanbexer'''....''adhere/hold together''
&lt;br&gt;'''valbeser/valbexer'''....''stay safe/keep safe''
&lt;br&gt;'''yagbexer'''....''conserve''
&lt;br&gt;'''yubexer'''....''hug''
&lt;br&gt;'''yibeser/yibexer'''....''shun/keep away''
&lt;br&gt;'''bexler'''....''keep''
&lt;br&gt;'''fibexler'''....''maintain''
&lt;br&gt;'''byexer'''....''hit''
&lt;br&gt;'''abyexer'''....''attack''
&lt;br&gt;'''azbyexer'''....''slam''
&lt;br&gt;'''ebyexer'''....''clash''
&lt;br&gt;'''igbyexer'''....''swat''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilbyexer'''....''splash''
&lt;br&gt;'''kyibyexer'''....''thump''
&lt;br&gt;'''obyexer'''....''protect''
&lt;br&gt;'''ovbyexer'''....''resist''
&lt;br&gt;'''tuyabyexer'''....''clap''
&lt;br&gt;'''tuyubyexer'''.....''rap''
&lt;br&gt;'''tyoyabyexer'''....''kick''
&lt;br&gt;'''tyoyubyexer'''....''tap''
&lt;br&gt;'''yigbyexer'''....''knock''
&lt;br&gt;'''yobyexer'''....''knock down''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonbyexer'''....''break''
&lt;br&gt;'''igyonbyexer'''....''snap''
&lt;br&gt;'''seuxbyexer'''....''bang''
&lt;br&gt;'''zaobyexer'''....''bat''
&lt;br&gt;'''zyibyexer'''....''smack''
&lt;br&gt;'''bukbyexer'''....''clobber''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonbexrer'''....''shatter''
 
&lt;br&gt;'''peser/pexer'''....''wait/trap''
&lt;br&gt;'''pyexer'''....''strike''
&lt;br&gt;'''apyexer'''....''attack''
&lt;br&gt;'''opyexer'''....''defend''
&lt;br&gt;'''azapyexer'''....''aggress''
&lt;br&gt;'''igpyexer'''....''sock''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilzyapyexer'''....''splatter''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilzyoyexer'''....''squirt''
&lt;br&gt;'''opyexer'''....''defend''
&lt;br&gt;'''epyexer'''....''fight''
&lt;br&gt;'''ovapyexer'''....''counterattack''
&lt;br&gt;'''koapyexer'''....''mug''
&lt;br&gt;'''tuyapyexer'''....''slap''
&lt;br&gt;'''tuyipyexer'''.....''smack''
&lt;br&gt;'''tyoyapyexer'''....''kick''
&lt;br&gt;'''tujpyexer'''....''knock out cold''
&lt;br&gt;'''yigpyexer'''....''whap''
&lt;br&gt;'''yopyexer'''....''strike down''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyexer'''....''crack''
&lt;br&gt;'''pyexegarer'''....''whip''
&lt;br&gt;'''adoparpyexer'''....''pistol whip''
&lt;br&gt;'''pexler'''....''beat''
&lt;br&gt;'''tojpexler'''....''beat to death''
&lt;br&gt;'''apexler'''....''assail''
&lt;br&gt;'''zoyapexler'''....''retaliate''
&lt;br&gt;'''izapexler'''....''strike head-on''
&lt;br&gt;'''tuyepexler'''....''fist pound''
&lt;br&gt;'''bukbyexer'''....''clobber''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonpesler/yonpexler'''....''burst/bust'' 
&lt;br&gt;'''pexrer'''....''shock''
&lt;br&gt;'''yepexrer'''....''implode''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonpesrer/yonpexrer'''....''explode/detonate''
&lt;br&gt;'''makpexrer'''....''electrocute''
&lt;br&gt;'''yanpesrer/yanpexrer''''....''collide/wreck''
| valign=top | 
'''boer'''....''hold up''
&lt;br&gt;'''boler'''....''prop up''
&lt;br&gt;'''boser/boxer'''....''be quiet/quieten''
&lt;br&gt;'''oboser/oboxer'''....''be bothered/annoy''
&lt;br&gt;'''tepoboser/tepoboxer'''....''worry/worry''
&lt;br&gt;'''lyobroser/lyobroxer'''....''agonize/torment''
&lt;br&gt;'''byoser/byoxer'''....''hang/hang''
&lt;br&gt;'''abyoser/abyoxer'''....''depend/hang on''
&lt;br&gt;'''obyoser/obyoxer'''....''be loose/loosen'' 
&lt;br&gt;'''teyopyoxer'''....''hang by the neck''
&lt;br&gt;''yapyoser/yapyoxer'''....''hang up''
&lt;br&gt;'''yopyoser/yopyoxer'''....''hang down''
&lt;br&gt;'''yivpyoser'''....''dangle''
&lt;br&gt;'''poser/poxer'''....''stop/stop''
&lt;br&gt;'''poner'''....''rest''
&lt;br&gt;'''poyser/poyxer'''....''pause/pause''
&lt;br&gt;'''dovalpoxer'''....''arrest''
&lt;br&gt;'''japoxer'''....''forestall''
&lt;br&gt;'''yexpoxer'''....''strike''
&lt;br&gt;'''zepoxer'''....''interrupt''
&lt;br&gt;'''pyoser/pyoxer'''....''fall/drop''
&lt;br&gt;'''aypyoser'''....''shower''
&lt;br&gt;'''kipyoser'''....''slip''
&lt;br&gt;'''milpyoser'''....''rain''
&lt;br&gt;'''mampyoser'''....''skydive''
&lt;br&gt;'''oyepyoser'''....''fall out''
&lt;br&gt;'''yanpyoser'''....''collapse''
&lt;br&gt;'''tojpyoser'''....''drop dead''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyoser'''....''decay''
&lt;br&gt;'''zoypyoser'''....''fall back''
&lt;br&gt;'''zyepyoser'''....''fall through''
&lt;br&gt;'''zyipyoser'''....''fall flat''
&lt;br&gt;'''zyupyoser'''....''tumble''
&lt;br&gt;'''teipyoser'''....''nose-dive''
&lt;br&gt;'''kyipyoser/kyipyoxer'''....''plop''
&lt;br&gt;'''igpyoser'''....''plummet''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilpyoser/ilpyoxer'''....''pour/pour''
&lt;br&gt;'''posler/poxler'''....''sink/dunk''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilposler/ilpoxler'''....''plunge/plunge''
&lt;br&gt;'''milpoxler'''....''dunk''
&lt;br&gt;'''posrer/poxrer'''....''drown/drown''
| valign=top | 
'''bier'''....''take''
&lt;br&gt;'''biser/bixer'''....''retire/pull''
&lt;br&gt;'''abixer'''....''pull on''
&lt;br&gt;'''aybixer'''....''pull over''
&lt;br&gt;'''ibixer'''....''detract''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilbixer'''....''suction''
&lt;br&gt;'''kyobixer'''....''lure''
&lt;br&gt;'''miloybixer'''....''drown''
&lt;br&gt;'''obixer'''....''pull off''
&lt;br&gt;'''oyebixer'''....''extract''
&lt;br&gt;'''teyibixer'''....''distract''
&lt;br&gt;'''yagbixer'''....''stretch''
&lt;br&gt;'''yanbixer'''....''contract''
&lt;br&gt;'''yebixer'''....''pull in''
&lt;br&gt;'''yibixer'''....''detract''
&lt;br&gt;'''yubixer'''....''attact''
&lt;br&gt;'''yogbixer'''....''contract''
&lt;br&gt;'''zaybixer'''....''protract''
&lt;br&gt;'''yembixer'''....''withdraw''
&lt;br&gt;'''yobixer'''....''pull down''
&lt;br&gt;'''yovbixer'''....''seduce''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonbixer'''....''pull apart''
&lt;br&gt;'''zobixer'''....''drag''
&lt;br&gt;'''zyabixer'''....''extend''
&lt;br&gt;'''yabixer'''....''pull up''
&lt;br&gt;'''yobixer'''....''pull down''
&lt;br&gt;'''ibixer'''....''pull away''
&lt;br&gt;'''byiser/byixer'''....''originate/derive''
&lt;br&gt;'''blixer'''....''yank''
&lt;br&gt;'''yabixler'''....''dredge''
&lt;br&gt;'''yeblixer'''....''drag in''
&lt;br&gt;'''yibixler'''....''yank away''
&lt;br&gt;'''yobixler'''....''drag down''
&lt;br&gt;'''bixrer'''....''snatch''
&lt;br&gt;'''oyebixrer'''....''rip out''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonbixrer'''....''rip apart''

&lt;br&gt;'''pier'''....''depart''
&lt;br&gt;'''pixer'''....''catch''
&lt;br&gt;'''pitpixer'''....''fish''
&lt;br&gt;'''plixer'''....''capture''
&lt;br&gt;'''koplixer'''....''abduct''
&lt;br&gt;'''tobotpixler'''....''kidnap''
&lt;br&gt;'''yipixler'''....''hijack''
&lt;br&gt;'''purpixler'''....''carjack''
| valign=top | 
'''buer'''....''give''
&lt;br&gt;'''buser/buxer'''....''lurch/push''
&lt;br&gt;'''bluxer'''....''drive''
&lt;br&gt;'''yebuxler'''....''expel''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonbuxler'''....''dislodge''
&lt;br&gt;'''oyebuxler'''....''oust''
&lt;br&gt;'''yanbuxler'''....''shove together''
&lt;br&gt;'''byuser/byuxer'''....''aim/touch''
&lt;br&gt;'''yanbyuxer'''....''contact''
&lt;br&gt;'''buxrer'''....''kick''
&lt;br&gt;'''abuxrer'''....''stomp''
&lt;br&gt;'''oyebuxrer'''....''kick out''
&lt;br&gt;'''obuxrer'''....''kick off''
&lt;br&gt;'''yebuxrer'''....''kick in''
&lt;br&gt;'''yobuxrer'''....''kick down''
&lt;br&gt;'''yonbuxrer'''....''kick apart''

&lt;br&gt;'''puer'''....''arrive''
&lt;br&gt;'''mempuer'''....''land''
&lt;br&gt;'''jwapuer'''....''arrive early''
&lt;br&gt;'''jwepuer'''....''arrive on time''
&lt;br&gt;'''jwopuer'''....''arrive late''
&lt;br&gt;'''mimpuer'''....''dock''
&lt;br&gt;'''tampuer'''....''arrive home''
&lt;br&gt;'''yempuer'''....''accede''
&lt;br&gt;'''puser/puxer'''....''jump/throw''
&lt;br&gt;'''apuser/apuxer'''....''jump aboard/throw on''
&lt;br&gt;'''opuser/opuxer'''....''jump off/eject''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilpuser/ilpuxer'''....''spew/spew''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilzyapuser/ilzyapuxer'''....''spray/spray''
&lt;br&gt;'''ilzyopuser/ilzyopuxer'''....''squirt/squirt''
&lt;br&gt;'''ipuser/ipuxer'''....''jump away/discard''
&lt;br&gt;'''milapuxer'''....''douse''
&lt;br&gt;'''oyepuser/oyepuxer'''....''jump out/extrude''
&lt;br&gt;'''oypuser/oypuxer'''....''jump under/throw under''
&lt;br&gt;'''yipuser/yipuxer'''....''jump away/jettison''
&lt;br&gt;'''zaypuser/zaypuxer'''....''jump ahead/propel''
&lt;br&gt;'''zoypuser/zoypuxer'''....''jump back/throw back''
&lt;br&gt;'''yepuser/yepuxer'''....''jump in/inject''
&lt;br&gt;'''aypuser/aypuxer'''....''jump over/throw over''
&lt;br&gt;'''kupuser/kupuxer'''....''jump aside/cast aside''
&lt;br&gt;'''igilpuser/igilpuxer'''....''spurt/spurt''
&lt;br&gt;'''azpuxer'''....''force''
&lt;br&gt;'''igpuser/igpuxer'''....''fling oneself/fling''
&lt;br&gt;'''zaopuser/zaopuxer'''....''bounce/jostle''
&lt;br&gt;'''puyser/puyxer'''....''skip/toss''
&lt;br&gt;'''teubilpuxer'''....''split''
&lt;br&gt;'''pyuxer'''....''bump into''
&lt;br&gt;'''izpyuxer'''....''impact head-on''
&lt;br&gt;'''kupyuxer'''....''sideswipe''
&lt;br&gt;'''yanpyuxer'''....''collide with''
&lt;br&gt;'''zapyuxer'''....''collide head-on''
&lt;br&gt;'''pusler/puxler'''....''lunge/plunge''
&lt;br&gt;'''teipuxler'''....''sneeze''
&lt;br&gt;'''tepuxler'''....''impress''
&lt;br&gt;'''yopusler/yopuxler'''....''crash down/fell''
&lt;br&gt;'''puxrer'''....''shoot''
&lt;br&gt;'''apuxrer'''....''fire at''
&lt;br&gt;'''tojpuxrer'''....''shoot dead''
&lt;br&gt;'''yopuxrer'''....''shoot down''
|}

=== Using Ber and Per to Form Dynamic Verbs ===

: Some verbs with stems ending in '''-j''' are inherently stative.  Their dynamic counterparts end in '''-ber''' for transitive verbs and in '''-per''' for intransitive verbs.  There is a table showing this:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Using Ber and Per with J Verbs
|-
! STATIVE-INTRANSITIVE !! DYNAMIC-TRANSITIVE !! DYNAMIC-INTRANSITIVE
|-
| '''tojer'''....''die'' || '''tojber'''....''kill'' || '''tojper'''....''drop dead''
|-
| '''tajer'''....''be born'' || '''tajber'''....''give birth (to), bear'' || '''tajper'''....''spring up''
|-
| '''tejer'''....''live'' || '''tejber'''....''bring to life'' || '''tejper'''....''come to life''
|-
| '''tijer'''....''be awake'' || '''tijber'''....''awaken'' || '''tijper'''....''wake up''
|-
| '''tujer'''....''sleep'' || '''tujber'''....''put to sleep'' || '''tujper'''....''fall asleep''
|-
| '''ijer'''....''begin'' || '''ijber'''....''begin (something)'' || '''ijper'''....''start up''
|-
| '''ujer'''....''end'' || '''ujber'''....''finish, put an end to'' || '''ujper'''....''come to an end''
|-
| '''yijer'''....''open up'' || '''yijber'''....''open up (something)'' || '''yijper'''....''come open''
|-
| '''yujer'''....''close'' || '''yujber'''....''close, bring to a close'' || '''yujper'''....''come to a close''
|}

== The '''der''' (''Say'') Family ==


=== Core Words ===
: Words ending in '''der''' have to do with communicating, thus '''''saying, talking, writing, reading'''''.  

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Der Core Words
|- valign=top
| '''daler'''....''speak''&lt;br&gt;'''dalzeyn'''....''language''&lt;br&gt;'''dalzeynes'''....''dialect'' || '''der'''....''say''&lt;br&gt;'''deler'''....''state'' || '''doler'''....''be silent'' || '''dier'''....''ask''&lt;br&gt;'''dider'''....''question''&lt;br&gt;'''diler'''....''request''&lt;br&gt;'''direr'''....''demand'' || '''duer'''....''suggest''&lt;br&gt;'''duder'''....''answer''&lt;br&gt;'''duler'''....''urge''&lt;br&gt;'''durer'''....''instigate''
|- valign=top
| || '''drer'''....''write''&lt;br&gt;'''drar'''....''pencil''&lt;br&gt;'''drir'''....''typewriter''&lt;br&gt;'''drur'''....''printer''&lt;br&gt;'''dodrur'''....''press'' || '''droer'''....''erase'' || ||
|- valign=top
| || '''dyeer'''....''read''&lt;br&gt;'''dyes'''....''book''&lt;br&gt;'''dyeder'''....''dictate'' || || ||
|-
| || '''seuxder'''....''pronounce''&lt;br&gt;'''dreder'''....''spell'' || || '''din'''....''story'' || '''dun'''....''word''&lt;br&gt;'''dyun'''....''name''&lt;br&gt;'''dyan'''....''sentence''
|- valign=top
| '''draf'''....''card''&lt;br&gt;'''drav'''....''notebook'' || '''dref'''....''paper''&lt;br&gt;'''drev'''....''page''&lt;br&gt;'''dreniv'''....''text'' || '''drof'''....''board''&lt;br&gt;'''drov'''....''cardboard'' || || '''dyuf'''....''sheet''&lt;br&gt;'''dyuv'''....''page''
|- valign=top
| '''daz'''....''dance''&lt;br&gt;'''dyaz'''....''ballet'' || '''dez'''....''theater''&lt;br&gt;'''dyez'''....''cinema''&lt;br&gt;'''drez'''....''poetry'' || ||'''diz'''....''comedy'' || '''duz'''....''music''&lt;br&gt;'''deuz'''....''song''
|}

=== Verbs of Communication ===

: Many verbs of communication are created by prefixing elements to '''der''' (''to say, tell'') as in the following chart:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Building Verbs of Communication with Der
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' || '''vader'''....''affirm''
|-
| '''vo'''....''no'' || '''voder'''....''deny''
|-
| '''ve'''....''maybe'' || '''veder'''....''guess''
|-
| '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vyader'''....''swear''
|-
| '''vyoa'''....''false'' || '''vyoder'''....''lie''
|-
| '''fyaa'''....''holy'' || '''fyader'''....''bless''
|-
| '''fyoa'''....''profane'' || '''fyoder'''....''curse''
|-
| '''oza'''....''weak'' || '''ozder'''....''hint''
|-
| '''eg'''....''re-'' || '''egder'''....''repeat''
|-
| '''ve'''....''maybe'' +  '''yova'''....''guilty'' || '''veyovder'''....''indict''
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' +  '''yova'''....''guility'' || '''vayovder'''....''convict''
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' || '''jader'''....''predict''
|-
| '''vao'''....''yes/no'' || '''vaoder'''....''decide''
|-
| '''yev'''....''justice'' || '''yevder'''....''judge''
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || '''fider'''....''praise''
|-
| '''fua'''....''bad'' || '''fuder'''....''disparage''
|-
| '''af'''....''permission'' || '''afder'''....''authorize''
|-
| '''of'''....''prohibition'' || '''ofder'''....''ban''
|-
| '''naz'''....''value'' || '''nazder'''....''evaluate''
|-
| '''yov'''....''guilt'' || '''yovder'''....''blame''
|-
| '''zyaa'''....''wide'' || '''zyader'''....''broadcast''
|-
| '''yaga'''....''long'' || '''yagder'''....''elaborate''
|-
| '''vyoa'''....''wrong'' + '''via'''....''beautiful'' || '''vyovider'''....''flatter''
|-
| '''vyea'''....''relative'' || '''vyeder'''....''relate''
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' + '''oj'''....''future'' || '''vaojder'''....''promise''
|-
| '''ut'''....''self'' + '''fia'''....''good'' || '''utfider'''....''boast''
|-
| '''uv'''....''sorrow'' + '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''uvtaxder'''....''regret''
|-
| '''tes'''....''meaning'' || '''tesder'''....''mean''
|-
| '''ov'''....''against'' || '''ovder'''....''object''
|-
| '''kyia'''....''heavy'' || '''kyider'''....''emphasize''
|-
| '''jwa'''....''early'' || '''jwader'''....''warn''
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' + '''vo'''....''no'' || '''javoder'''....''preclude''
|-
| '''yuj'''....''close'' || '''yujder'''....''conclude''
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' + '''nap'''....''order'' || '''janapder'''....''preordain''
|-
| '''hyay'''....''hurrah'' || '''hyayder'''....''congratulate''
|-
| '''hyey'''....''thanks'' || '''hyeyder'''....''thank''
|-
| '''gra'''....''too much'' || '''grader'''....''exaggerate''
|-
| '''diz'''....''comedy'' || '''dizder'''....''joke''
|-
| '''dre-'''....''write'' || '''dreder'''....''spell''
|-
| '''eb'''....''between'' || '''ebder'''....''communicate''
|-
| '''eb'''....''between'' + '''di-'''....''ask'' || '''ebdider'''....''interview''
|-
| '''eb'''....''between'' + '''tes'''....''meaning'' || '''ebtesder'''....''interpret''
|-
| '''eb'''....''between'' + '''tex'''....''thought'' || '''ebtexder'''....''decide''
|-
| '''ek-'''....''play'' || '''ekder'''....''pretend''
|}
=== Animal Sounds ===

: Animal noise verbs are created by replacing the final '''-t''' of an animal name with '''der''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Building Animal Sound Verbs
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yepeder'''....''bark''
|-
| '''yipet'''....''cat'' || '''yipeder'''....''mew''
|-
| '''epeyt'''....''cow'' || '''epeyder'''....''moo''
|-
| '''epat'''....''duck'' || '''epader'''....''quack''
|-
| '''ipat'''....''turkey'' || '''ipader'''....''gobble''
|}

=== Speaking in Languages ===

: Names of languages can be formed by replacing the final '''-m''' of the country name with '''-d'''.  Then, the verb meaning to ''say in x language'' or ''speak in x language'' can be formed by adding '''-der''' or '''-daler''', eg:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Language Speaking Verbs
|-
| '''Anglam'''....''England''|| '''Anglad'''....'''English''' || '''Anglader'''....''say in English'' || '''Angladaler'''....''speak in English''
|-
| '''Fransam'''....''France'' || '''Fransad'''....''French (language)'' || '''Fransader'''....''say in French'' || '''Fransadaler'''....''speak French''
|}

: The name of the language discussed in this book is '''Mirad''', which comes from '''mira''', meaning ''global, world''.  Thus, ''say in Mirad'' is '''Mirader''' and ''speak Mirad'' is '''Miradaler'''.  A speaker of Mirad is a '''Miradut''' or '''Miradalut'''.  '''Duven et Mirade?'''....''Do you speak Mirad?''.  '''Hey Miraduti, ansu!'''....''Hey, speakers of Mirad, unite!''

: Examples:

::* '''Duven et Miradale?'''....''Do you speak Mirad?''
::* '''Diwe Engladu has.'''....''Please say it in English.''
::* '''Voy ese gaj gla Latinaduti.'''....''There are no longer many Latin-speakers.''

: Note:  '''Latinadalut''' can be shortened to '''Latinadut'''.

: Similarly, ''to write in Mirad'' and ''to read in Mirad'' would be '''Miradrer''' and '''Miradyeer''', respectively.

=== Communication Arts ===

: Words for various communication art forms begin '''d-''' and end in '''-z''', eg:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Communications Art Words with D-Z
|- valign=top
| '''daz'''....''dance''&lt;br&gt;'''vidaz'''....''ballet'' || '''dazun'''....''a dance'' || '''dazut'''....''dancer''&lt;br&gt;'''vidazuyt'''....''ballerina''&lt;br&gt;'''dazutyan'''....''dance troupe'' || '''dazim'''....''ballroom''&lt;br&gt;'''vidazim'''....''ballet studio''
|-
| '''dez'''....''theater'' || '''dezun'''....''a play'' || '''dezut'''....''stage actor''&lt;br&gt;'''dezutyan'''....''cast''|| '''dezam'''....''theater''&lt;br&gt;'''dezyem'''....''stage''&lt;br&gt;'''dezmisof'''....''curtain''
|-
| '''diz'''....''comedy'' || '''dizun'''....''a sketch'' || '''dizut'''....''comedian''&lt;br&gt;'''dizutyan'''....''comedy cast'' || '''dizam'''....''comedy club''&lt;br&gt;'''dizyem'''....''stage''
|-
| '''drez'''....''poetry'' || '''drezun'''....''a poem'' || '''drezut'''....''poet'' || '''drezim'''....''poetry salon''
|- 
| '''duz'''....''music''&lt;br&gt;'''duzdinag'''....''opera''&lt;br&gt;'''duzdinog'''....''operetta, musical'' || '''duzun'''....''a musical piece'' || '''duzut'''....''musician''&lt;br&gt;'''duzutyan'''....''orchestra'' || '''duzam'''....''music arena''&lt;br&gt;'''duzdinagam'''....''opera house''&lt;br&gt;'''duzar'''....''musical instrument''
|-
| '''dyez'''....''cinema'' || '''dyezun'''....''a movie'' || '''dyezut'''....''screen actor''&lt;br&gt;'''dyezutyan'''....''cast''|| '''dyezam'''....''movie theater''&lt;br&gt;'''dyezim'''....''movie salon''
|-
| '''deuz'''....''song'' || '''deuzun'''....''a song'' || '''deuzut'''....''singer'' || '''deuzam'''....''auditorium''&lt;br&gt;'''dyezmis'''....''screen''
|}

== The '''ter''' (''Know'') Family ==

: The stems of the words in this family begin with '''t''', meaning human and mental states and activities like ''knowing'', ''thinking'', ''feeling'', etc.:

=== Core Words ===
::&lt;table border=1 valign=top cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;'''tap'''....''physique''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''taptun'''....''physics''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''tep'''....''mind, intellect''&lt;small&gt;br&gt;'''teptija'''....''conscious''&lt;br&gt;'''teptuja'''....''unconscious''&lt;br&gt;'''tepaza'''....''smart''&lt;br&gt;'''tepoza'''....''stupid''&lt;br&gt;'''tepiga'''....''witty''&lt;br&gt;'''tepsin'''....''imagination''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''top'''....''soul''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''toptun'''....''psychology''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''tip'''....''sentiment''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''tipaga'''....''generous''&lt;br&gt;'''tigoga'''....''stingy''&lt;br&gt;'''tipifa'''....''kind''&lt;br&gt;'''tipufa'''....''mean''&lt;br&gt;'''tipyija'''....''tolerant''&lt;br&gt;'''tipyiva'''....''liberal''&lt;br&gt;'''tipyiga'''....''stern''&lt;br&gt;'''tipyuga'''....''lenient''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''taxer'''....''remember''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''taxier'''....''memorize''&lt;br&gt;'''taxuer'''....''remind'' &lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''texer'''....''think''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''vatexer'''....''believe''&lt;br&gt;'''vatexuer'''....''persuade''&lt;br&gt;'''vetexer'''....''suspect''&lt;br&gt;'''votexer'''....''doubt''&lt;br&gt;'''votexuer'''....''dissuade''&lt;br&gt;'''vyatex'''....''reason''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''ter'''....''know''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''oter'''....''ignore''&lt;br&gt;'''ten'''....''knowledge''&lt;br&gt;'''twas'''....''datum''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''trer&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''recognize''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''trier'''....''get acquainted''&lt;br&gt;'''truer'''....''acquaint''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''tez'''....''culture''&lt;br&gt;'''tyez'''....''magic''&lt;br&gt;'''ten'''....''knowledge''&lt;br&gt;'''tier'''....''find out''&lt;br&gt;'''tuer'''....''inform''&lt;br&gt;'''tuun'''...''datum''&lt;br&gt;'''tuunyan'''....''information''&lt;br&gt;'''tun'''....''science''&lt;br&gt;'''tyer'''....''know how''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''tyier'''....''get trained''&lt;br&gt;'''tyuer'''....''train''&lt;br&gt;'''tyun'''....''concept''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''tyen'''....''skill''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''tyenyan'''....''technology''&lt;br&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''teyen'''....''idea''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''teyentun'''....''philosophy''&lt;br&gt;'''teyenyan'''....''ideology''&lt;br&gt;'''teyenier'''....''conceptualize''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''toxer'''....''forget'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''tixer'''....''study'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''tuxer'''....''teach''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''tayoter'''....''feel''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;'''teser'''....''mean''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''tesier'''....''infer''&lt;br&gt;'''tesuer'''....''imply''&lt;br&gt;'''tester'''....''understand''&lt;br&gt;'''tesder'''....''explain''&lt;br&gt;'''testier'''....''realize''&lt;br&gt;'''testun'''....''semantics''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;'''toser'''....''feel'' &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''tier'''....''learn''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''tin'''....''doctrine''&lt;br&gt;'''iztis'''....''intuition''&lt;br&gt;'''vyatis'''....''wisdom''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt; '''tuer'''....''inform''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''tun'''....''science''&lt;br&gt;'''tuin'''....''theory''&lt;br&gt;'''tuz'''....''art''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


: &lt;small&gt;1. Note that '''trer'''....''recognize, know, be familiar with'' is used instead of '''ter'''....''know'' when referring to a person, much like Fr. '''conna&amp;icirc;tre'''....''be familiar with (a person)'' vs. '''savoir'''....''know (a fact, how to)'', eg. '''It voy te van at &lt;u&gt;tre&lt;/u&gt; it.'''....''He doesn't know that I &lt;u&gt;know&lt;/u&gt; him.''&lt;/small&gt;

=== Ologies ===
: Suffixing '''-tun'''....''science'' to words forms many ''-ology'' terms.  An ''-ologist'' is rendered with ''-tut'', eg:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ologies
|-
| '''tep'''....''mind'' || '''teptun'''....''psychology'' || '''teptut'''....''psychologist''
|-
| '''tieb'''....''lung'' || '''tiebtun'''....''pneumology'' || '''tiebtut'''....''pneumologist''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''tejtun'''....''thanatology'' || '''tejtut'''....''thanatologist''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''pattun'''....''ornithology'' || '''pattut'''....''ornithologist''
|-
| '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''pittun'''....''ichthyology'' || '''pittut'''....''ichthyologist''
|-
| '''pot'''....''animal'' || '''pottun'''....''zoology'' || '''pottut'''....''zoologist''
|-
| '''mul'''....''matter'' || '''multun'''....''chemistry'' (&quot;materiology?&quot;) || '''multut'''....''chemist''
|- 
| '''ko-'''....''hidden'', '''dren'''....''writing'' || '''kodrentun'''....''cryptology'' || '''kodrentut'''....''cryptologist''
|}

: Some ''-ology'' words in English refer to theories or pseudo-science and are translated into Mirad with the ending '''-tuin''':

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -Tuin Suffix Words
|-
| '''mar'''....''star'' || '''martuin'''....''astrology'' (cf. '''martun'''....''astronomy'')|| '''martuit'''....''astrologist''
|-
| '''sag'''....''number'' || '''sagtuin'''....''numerology'' (cf. '''sagtun'''....''mathematics'')|| '''sagtuit'''....''numerologist''
|-
| '''nif'''....''string'' || '''niftuin'''....''string theory'' || '''niftuit'''....''string theoretician''
|}
=== Ism's ===
: Words in English referring to doctrines, dogmas, or ''-isms'' are translated into Mirad with the ending '''-tin''' or its stub, '''-in''', eg:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Ism Words
|-
| '''dot'''....''society'' || '''dotin'''....''socialism''
|-
| '''Buda'''....''Buddha'' || '''Budatin'''....''Bhuddism''
|-
| '''gwa'''....''most'', '''fis'''....''good thing'' || '''gwafistin'''....''optimism''
|-
| '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vyatin'''....''orthodoxy, truism''
|-
| '''an-'''....''one'', '''tot'''....''god'' || '''antotin'''....''monotheism''
|}

=== Schools ===
: The general word for ''school'' is '''tistam''' (house of learning).  The various levels of schools are translated with this word scalarized numerically.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Schools
|-
| '''atistam''' || ''primary school''
|-
| '''etistam''' || ''secondary school'', ''high school'', ''lycee''
|-
| '''itistam''' || ''college''
|-
| '''utistam''' || ''university''
|}

: The word ''pre-school, kindergarten'' is represented with '''jatitam''' (lit. ''pre-school''), while ''post-graduate school'' is rendered with '''joutitam''' (lit. ''pre-university'').

: Some other, related terms:

::* '''enjab itistam'''....''two-year college''
::* '''dovyab tistam'''....''law school''
::* '''tyena tistam'''....''trade school, vocational school''
::* '''zetistam'''....''middle school''
::* '''tutam'''....''academy''
::* '''tiut'''....''pupil''
::* '''tixut'''....''student''
::* '''tixutyan'''....''student body''
::* '''tuxut'''....''teacher''
::* '''tuut'''....''educator''
::* '''tuen'''....''education''
::* '''tut'''....''professor, scholar''
::* '''tit'''....''disciple, learner''
::* '''tistameb'''....''principal''
::* '''itistameb'''....''college dean''
::* '''tuxutyan'''....''faculty''
::* '''tuxim'''....''lecture hall, classroom''
::* '''tixim'''....''study hall''
::* '''tistyan'''....''class''
::* '''tisun'''....''lesson''
::* '''tisundyes'''....''lesson book''
::* '''aa tisnog'''....''first grade''
::* '''ea tisnog'''....''second grade''

== The '''fer''' (''Want'') Family ==

: The verb '''fer''' means ''to want'' and is following by a noun or pronoun, an infinitive, or an entire clause, eg.:
::* '''At voy &lt;u&gt;fe&lt;/u&gt; hyea yux.'''....''I do not &lt;u&gt;want&lt;/u&gt; any help.''
::* '''Yat &lt;u&gt;fa&lt;/u&gt; iyt poser.'''....''We &lt;u&gt;wanted&lt;/u&gt; her to stop.''
::* '''Duven et &lt;u&gt;fe&lt;/u&gt; per bay at?'''....''Do you &lt;u&gt;want&lt;/u&gt; to go with me?''
::* '''Yit voy &lt;u&gt;fe&lt;/u&gt; has hu at fe.'''....''They do not &lt;u&gt;want&lt;/u&gt; what I want.''

: Use of the verb '''fer''' in the hypothetical mood means ''would like'', eg.:
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt; beser him.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;would like&lt;/u&gt; to stay here.''
::* '''Duven et &lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt; til.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Would&lt;/u&gt; you &lt;u&gt;like&lt;/u&gt; a drink?''

: Other derivatives:
::* '''fon'''....''will, volition''
::* '''fler'''....''to desire''
::* '''flon'''....''desire''
::* '''frer'''....''to aspire, wish for, yearn, long for, crave''
::* '''fron'''....''aspiration, yearing''
::* '''ojfer'''....''to hope''
::* '''ojfon'''....''hope''
::* '''vafer'''....''to intend''
::* '''vaf'''....''intention''
::* '''fifer'''....''to wish well''
::* '''fifi'''....''well wishes''
::* '''fufer'''....''to wish bad for''
::* '''fuf'''....''bad wish''
::* '''fonder'''....''to volunteer''

== The '''job''' (''Time'') Family ==

: Here are the most important words derived from '''job'''....''time''.  Bear in mind that, in English, there are two meanings for ''time''.  One refers to time as it passes, which is translated by '''job''' in Mirad, and the other refers to a ''point in time'', an ''instance'' or ''occasion'', i.e. a countable noun concerning frequency, translated by '''jod''' in Mirad.


=== Calendar Time Units ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Calendar Time Units
|-
! TIME !! GEOLOGIC&lt;br&gt;PERIODS !! SEASONS !! MONTHS !! DAYS OF THE WEEK
|-
| '''job'''....''time'' || '''joab'''....''eon'' || '''jeab'''....''spring'' || '''jiab'''....''January'' || '''juab'''....''Monday''
|-
| '''jab'''....''year'' || '''joeb'''....''era'' || '''jeeb'''....''summer'' || '''jieb'''....''February'' || '''jueb'''....''Tuesday''
|-
| '''jeb'''....''season'' || '''joib'''....''period'' || '''jeib'''....''autumn'' || '''jiib'''....''March'' || '''juib'''....''Wednesday''
|-
| '''jib'''....''month'' || '''joub'''....''epoch'' || '''jeub'''....''winter'' || '''jiub'''....''April'' || '''juub'''....''Thursday''
|-
| '''jub'''....''day'' || '''joyob'''....''age'' || || '''jiyob'''....''May'' || '''juyob'''....''Friday''
|-
| '''jwob'''* ''hour'' ||'''joyab'''....''chron'' || || '''jiyab'''....''June'' || '''yuyab'''....''Saturday''
|-
| '''jwab'''* ''minute''&lt;br&gt;'''jwap'''....''moment'' ||'''joyeb'''....''term'' || || '''jiyeb'''....''July'' || '''juyeb'''....''Sunday''
|-
| '''jweb'''* ''second''&lt;br&gt;'''jwep'''....''instant'' || || || '''jiyib'''....''August'' ||
|-
| || || || '''jiyub'''....''September'' ||
|-
| || || || '''jilob'''....''October'' ||
|-
| || || || '''jilab'''....''November'' ||
|-
| || || || '''jileb'''....''December'' ||
|-
! OTHER !! !! !! !!
|-
| '''yejub'''....''week'' || '''sojab'''....''century'' || '''rojab'''....''millennium'' ||'''hyajob'''....''eternity'' ||'''oyujan'''....''infinity''
|}

: &lt;small&gt;* These would normally be '''jyob''', '''jyab''', and '''jyeb''', but there are hard to pronounce and difficult to hear, so the '''y''' is replaced by a '''w'''.&lt;/small&gt;

=== Times of Day ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Times of Day
|-
! DAY / NIGHT !! PERIODS
|-
| rowspan=7 | '''maj'''....''daytime'' || '''majij'''....''dawn''
|-
| '''jwamaj'''....''morning''
|-
| '''zemaj'''....''noon''
|-
| '''jazemaj (JaZ.)'''....''ante-meridian, AM''
|-
| '''jozemaj (JoZ.)'''....''afternoon, postmeridian, PM''
|-
| '''jwomaj'''....''late day''
|-
| '''majuj'''....''dusk, twilight''
|-
| rowspan=4 | '''moj'''....''night'' || '''jwamoj'''....''evening''
|-
| '''jwomoj'''....''late night''
|-
| '''zemoj'''....''midnight''
|-
| '''jozemoj'''....''after midnight''
|}
: Note: '''jub''' ''day'' is a general word referring to the whole 24-hour cycle without reference to morning or night.  '''Maj''' refers to the daylight hours and '''moj''' to the darkness hours.
: Examples of usage:
::* '''At teato et &lt;u&gt;zajub jwamaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I will see you &lt;u&gt;tomorrow morning&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yat teapa iyt &lt;u&gt;zojub jozemaj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We visited her &lt;u&gt;yesterday afternoon&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ha maar yope &lt;u&gt;be majuj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The sun sets &lt;u&gt;at dusk&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Mamila &lt;u&gt;zojub jwamoj&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It rained &lt;u&gt;yesterday evening&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''At tijpe &lt;u&gt;be majij&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I wake up &lt;u&gt;at dawn&lt;/u&gt;.''
=== Clock Time ===
: The following examples show how to express clock time:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Se hojab&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What time is it&lt;/u&gt;?''
::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;alo jwabi&lt;/u&gt; JaZ (=jazemaj).'''....''It is &lt;u&gt;ten o'clock&lt;/u&gt; A.M.''
::* '''Se uwa jwabi &lt;u&gt;JoZ&lt;/u&gt; (=jozemaj).'''....''It is four o'clock &lt;u&gt;P.M.&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''Se yawa &lt;u&gt;jwabi gab ilo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is &lt;u&gt;six thirty&lt;/u&gt;.    (= plus thirty)''
::* '''Se alo (jwebi) ji yiwa.'''....''It is ten (minutes) til eight.'' (or:)
::* '''Se yiwa (jwabi) gab alo.'''.... &quot; &quot; &quot;
::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;uyn ji&lt;/u&gt; awa.'''....''It is &lt;u&gt;a quarter past&lt;/u&gt; ( = since) one.''
::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;uyn ju&lt;/u&gt; ewa.'''....''It is &lt;u&gt;a quarter til&lt;/u&gt; ( = until) two.''
::* '''Se go &lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt; ewa.'''....''It is a little &lt;u&gt;past&lt;/u&gt; ( = after) two.''
::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;jubay&lt;/u&gt; uwa jwabi.'''....''It is &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; 4 o'clock.''
::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;gwe&lt;/u&gt; zemaj.'''....''It is &lt;u&gt;exactly&lt;/u&gt; (= just) noon.''
::* '''Se &lt;u&gt;go yiz&lt;/u&gt; zemoj.'''....''It was &lt;u&gt;slightly past&lt;/u&gt; (= beyond) midnight.''
::* '''At so hum &lt;u&gt;ojo&lt;/u&gt; ale jwebi.'''....''I'll be there &lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; (= not-after) twelve minutes.''
::* '''Su him &lt;u&gt;jwa&lt;/u&gt; / jwe!'''....''Be here &lt;u&gt;early&lt;/u&gt; / on time!''
::* '''Von su &lt;u&gt;jwo&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Don't be &lt;u&gt;late&lt;/u&gt;!''

=== General Time Words ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ General Time Words
|-
! GENERAL TIME WORDS !! EXAMPLES
|-
| '''job'''....''time'' || '''job bi uvan'''....''a time of sadness''&lt;br&gt;'''Job pape.'''....''Time flies.''
|-
| '''jod'''....''time, instance, occasion'' || '''awa jod'''....''once''&lt;br&gt;'''ewa jodi'''....''two times''&lt;br&gt;'''gajod'''...''again, another time''
|-
| '''xag'''....''frequency'' || '''Hoxag?'''....''How often?''&lt;br&gt;'''glaxag'''....''very often''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoxag'''....''never''
|-
| '''jud'''....''date'' || '''Be hoa jud?'''....''On what date?''&lt;br&gt;'''be ga jwoa jud'''....''at a later date''
|-
| '''jag'''....''age'' || '''Et se hojaga?'''....''How old are you?''&lt;br&gt;'''At se ulo jaga.'''....''I am forty years old.''
|}

=== Some Parallel Time Terms ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parallel Time Words
|-
| '''taj'''....''birth'' || '''aj'''....''past''  || '''ajna'''....''former, old''|| '''ajoba'''....''ancient'' || '''ja'''....''before'' || '''jay'''....''already'' ||'''jana'''....''previous''  || '''jaga'''....''old'' || '''jwa'''....''early'' || '''jwana'''....''pre-mature'' 
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''ej'''....''present'' || '''ejna'''....''new''|| '''ejoba'''....''modern'' || '''je'''....''during'' || '''jey'''....''meanwhile'' || '''jena'''....''current''   || ||'''jwe'''....''on time'' || '''jwena'''....''mature, ripe''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''oj'''....''future'' || '''ojna'''....''imminent''|| '''ojoba'''....''futuristic'' || '''jo'''....''after'' || '''joy'''....''afterwards'' || '''jona'''....''next''   || '''joga'''....''young'' || '''jwo'''....''late'' || '''jwona'''....''stale''
|-
| '''tij'''....''wakefulness'' || '''ij'''....''beginning'' || '''ijna'''....''initial''|| '''ijob'''....''early times'' || '''ji'''....''since'' || ||  || '''jiga'''....''fresh, vibrant'' || ||
|-
| '''tuj'''....''sleep'' || '''uj'''....''end'' || '''ujna'''....''final''|| '''ujob'''....''latter days'' || '''ju'''....''until'' || ||  || '''juga'''....''tired, jaded'' || ||
|}

=== Time, Frequency, and Age Questions ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Time, Frequency, and Age Questions
|-
! WHEN !! HOW OFTEN !! HOW OLD
|-
| '''hoj?'''....''when?'' || '''hoxag'''....''how often?'' || '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
|-
| '''haj hu'''....''when'' || '''haxag hu'''....''as often as'' || '''hajaga hu'''....''as old as''
|-
| '''hej'''....''sometime'' || '''hexag'''....''sometimes'' || '''hejaga'''....''of a certain age''
|-
| '''hij'''....''now''|| '''hixag'''....''this often'' || '''hijaga'''....''this old''
|-
| '''huj'''....''then'' || '''huxag'''....''that often'' || '''hujaga'''....''that old''
|-
| '''huuj'''....''at such a time'' || '''huuxag'''....''so often'' || '''huujaga'''....''so old''
|-
| '''hyoj'''....''never'' || '''hyoxag'''....''not once'' || '''glejaga'''....''rather old''
|-
| '''hyaj'''....''always'' || '''hyaxag'''....''at all times''|| '''grajaga'''....''too old''
|-
| '''hyej'''....''anytime'' || '''hyexag'''....''however often'' || '''grojaga'''....''under-aged''
|-
| '''hyij (vyel)'''....''at the same time (as)'' || '''gexag (vyel)'''....''as often (as)'' || '''gejaga (vyel)'''....''of the same age (as)''
|-
| '''hyuj (vyel)'''....''some other time (than)''|| '''ogexag (vyel)'''....''not as often (as)'' || '''ogejaga (vyel)'''....''not as old (as)''
|-
| '''be jodi'''....''at times'' || '''awa jod'''....''once'' || '''awa (jab) jaga'''....''one year old''
|-
| '''be hujobi'''....''in those times'' || '''ewa jodi'''....''twice'' || '''ewa (jabi) jaga'''....''two years old''
|-
| '''byu jobuj'''....''forever'' || '''gla jodi'''....''many time'' || '''alo (jabi) jaga'''....''ten years old''
|-
| '''byi huj'''....''since then'' || '''aloni bi jodi'''....''hundreds of times'' || '''gajaga (vyel)'''....''older (than)''
|}

: ''How old are you?'' is expressed as '''Hojaga se et?'''.  A typical response is '''At se ali (jabi) jaga.'''....''I am thirteen (years old).''   If the quantity of time is months, than the answer would be like the following:  '''Iyt sa ewa jibi (jaga).'''....''She was two months (old).''

=== Age Classes ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Age Classes
! GENDER-NONSPECIFIC (MALE) !! FEMALE
|-
| '''awajag(w)at'''....''one-year-old (boy)''||'''awajagayt'''....''one-year-old girl''
|- 
| '''alojag(w)at'''....''ten-year-old (boy)''||'''alojagayt'''....''ten-year-old girl''
|-
| '''jog(w)at'''....''youngster, youth, (boy)'' || '''jogayt'''....''girl, damsel''
|-
| '''gwajog(w)at'''....''youngest person/(boy)'' || '''gwajogayt'''....''youngest girl''
|-
| '''gojag(w)at'''....''younger person/(boy), cadet'' || '''gojagayt'''....''younger girl''
|-
| '''aloyjag(w)at'''....''teenager, (teenaged boy)'' || '''aloyjagayt'''....''teenaged girl''
|-
| '''grajog(w)at'''....''minor, (under-aged boy)'' || '''grajogayt'''....''minor female, girl too young''
|-
| '''grojag(w)at'''&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;'''jwot'''....''minor, immature person/(boy)''||'''grojagayt'''&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;'''jwoyt'''....''minor girl''
|-
| '''grejagseat'''&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;'''jwet'''....''adolescent (boy)'' || '''grejagseayt'''&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;'''jweyt'''....''adolescent (girl)''
|-
| '''grejag(w)at'''&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;'''jwat'''....''adult male, (boy of age)'' || '''grejagayt'''&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;'''jwayt'''....''adult female, girl of age'' 
|-
| '''zejag(w)at'''....''middle-aged person/(man)'' || '''zejagayt'''....''middle-aged female/woman''
|-
| '''gajag(w)at'''....''older person/(man), elder, superior''||'''gajagayt'''....''older female/woman, elder, superior''
|-
| '''grajag(w)at'''....''over-aged person/(man), person/(man too old)'' || '''grajagayt'''....''over-aged female/woman, woman too old''
|-
| '''jayg(w)at'''....''youngish individual, youngish (man)'' || '''jaygayt'''....''youngish female, youngish woman''
|-
| '''yilojag(w)at'''....''octogenarian'' || '''yilojagayt'''....''octogenarian woman, woman in her eighties''
|-
| '''yulojag(w)at'''....''nonagenarian'' || '''yulojagayt'''....''nonagenarian woman, woman in her nineties''
|-
| '''asojag(w)at'''....''centenarian'' || '''asojagayt'''....''centenarian woman, 100-year-old woman'' 
|-
| '''jag(w)at'''....''oldster, veteran, old person, (old man), elder'' || '''jagayt'''....''old woman, old lady''
|-
| '''jayg(w)at'''....''oldish person''|||'''jaygayt'''....''oldish woman''
|-
| '''gwajag(w)at'''....''oldest/senior-most/eldest person/(man)'' ||'''gwajagayt'''....''oldest/senior-most/eldest woman''
|- 
| '''gwojag(w)at'''....''the least old person/(man)'' || '''gwojagayt'''....''the least old woman''
|}

== The '''sag'''  (''Number''), '''xag''' (''Frequency''), '''nog''' (''Measure''), '''nod''' (''Point'') Families ==

: The words in this family have to do with numbers, measurements, degrees, points, lines, etc.

=== Core Words ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Core Words
|-
! ...AG WORDS !! N...[BPD] WORDS
|-
| '''ag'''....''size'' || '''nod'''....''point''
|-
| '''sag'''....''number'' || '''nad'''....''line''
|-
| '''syag'''....''count'' || '''ned'''....''plane''
|-
| '''syaag'''....''calculation'' || '''nid'''....''volume''
|-
| '''nog'''....''degree'' || '''nab'''....''rank''
|-
| '''nag'''....''measure'' || '''nap'''....''order''
|-
| '''neg'''....''level'' || '''naab'''....''organization''
|-
| '''nig'''....''space'' || '''naap'''....''system''
|-
| '''jag'''....''age'' || '''nyap'''....''rule''
|-
| '''xag'''....''frequency'' || '''nyed'''....''grid''
|-
| '''yag'''....''length'' || 
|}


=== Shapes ===

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Shapes
|-
| '''san'''....''shape, figure''
|-
| '''nid'''....''volume, solid''
|-
| '''zyus'''....''circle''
|-
| '''zyuys'''....''oval''
|-
| '''zyunid'''....''sphere''
|-
| '''zyuk'''....''wheel''
|-
| '''unizgun'''....''rectangle''
|-
| '''ungekun'''....''square''
|-
| '''ungun'''....''quadrangle''
|-
| '''unoizgun'''....''rhombus''
|-
| '''ingun'''....''triangle''
|-
| '''yoongun'''....''pentagon''
|-
| '''ginid''' (or: '''defebnid''')....''cone''
|-
| '''yagekunid'''....''cube''
|-
| '''inguginid'''....''pyramid''
|-
| '''fufnid'''....''cylinder''
|-
| '''amezsan'''....''diamond''
|-
| '''tosan'''....''cross''
|-
| '''uznad'''....''arc''
|-
| '''ilpsan'''....''wave''
|-
| '''gunnid'''....''wedge''
|-
| '''maarsan'''....''star shape''
|}

== The '''tom''' (''Building''), '''em''' (''Place'') Families ==

: The stems in this family end mostly in '''-m''', meaning ''place''.  The family includes areas, places, locations, buildings, houses, rooms, spaces, and containers.

=== Core Words ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Place Words
|-
! FULL WORDS !! STUBS
|-
| '''tom'''....''building'', '''nem'''....''place'' || '''-em'''....''general (usu. open) place''
|-
| '''tam'''....''house'', '''nam'''....''store'' || '''-am'''....''indoor place, building''
|-
| '''tem'''....''hall'', '''nyem'''....''box'' || '''-yem'''....''enclosed space''
|-
| '''tim'''....''room'' || '''-im'''....''room''
|-
| '''tum'''....''closet, cell, compartment'' || '''-um'''....''cell, booth, stall, compartment''
|-
| '''nyeb'''....''container''&lt;br&gt;'''syeb'''....''can''&lt;br&gt;'''zyeb'''....''bottle'' || '''-yeb'''....''container''
|}
=== Common Spaces with -(e)m ===

: The words in the following table refer to spaces or open places:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -EM Words
|-
! PLACE !! ROOT
|-
| '''abem'''....''top'' || '''ab'''....''on''
|-
| '''obem'''....''bottom'' || '''ob'''....''base''
|-
| '''ebem'''....''interval'' || '''eb'''....''between''
|-
| '''oyebem'''....''outdoors'' || '''oyeb'''....''out''
|-
| '''yebem'''....''indoors'' || '''yeb'''....''in''
|-
| '''yubem'''....''vicinity'' || '''yub'''....''near''
|-
| '''yibem'''....''distance'' || '''yib'''....''far''
|-
| '''yabem'''....''upstairs'' || '''yab'''....''up''
|-
| '''yobem'''....''downstairs'' || '''yob'''....''down''
|-
| '''hom?'''....''where?'' || '''ho-'''....''which''
|-
| '''zem'''....''middle'' || '''ze-'''....''middle''
|-
| '''zam'''....''front'' || '''za'''....''before''
|-
| '''zom'''....''back'' || '''zo'''....''after''
|-
| '''kum'''....''side'' || '''kua'''....''lateral''
|-
| '''kim'''....''slope'' || '''kia'''....''diagonal''
|-
| '''byim'''....''source'' || '''byi'''....''since''
|-
| '''byum'''....''destination'' || '''byu'''....''up to''
|-
| '''bem'''....''position'' || '''be'''....''at''
|-
| '''dem'''....''park'' || '''d(o)-'''....''social''
|-
| '''dopekem'''....''battleground'' || '''dopek'''....''battle''
|-
| '''melyexem'''....''farm'' || '''mel'''....''soil'' + '''yex'''....''work''
|-
| '''goynem'''....''sector'' || '''goyn'''....''cut''
|-
| '''ijem'''....''origin'' || '''ij'''....''start''
|-
| '''kosem'''....''hideout'' || '''kos-'''....''hide''
|-
| '''kyosem'''....''settlement'' || '''kyos-'''....''stay''
|-
| '''mem'''....''country'' || '''m-'''....''natural things''
|-
| '''mimpuem'''....''dock'' || '''mim'''....''sea'' + '''pu-'''....''arrive''
|-
| '''obdabem'''....''colony'' || '''ob'''....''off'' + '''dab'''....''government''
|-
| '''apem'''....''wharf'' || '''ap-'''....''embark''
|-
| '''sexem'''....''construction site'' || '''sex'''....''construction''
|-
| '''tojmelukem'''....''cemetery'' || '''toj'''....''death'' + '''mel'''....''soil'' + '''uk'''....''vacuum''
|-
| '''tom'''....''building'' || '''to-'''....''human''
|-
| '''ujem'''....''terminus'' || '''uj'''....''end''
|-
| '''vobem'''....''planation'' || '''vob'''....''plant''
|-
| '''xem'''....''office'' || '''x-'''....''do''
|-
| '''yomkiparem'''....''ice skating rink'' || '''yom'''....''ice'' + '''kipar''' +''skate''
|}

=== Common Places with -am ===
: These words refer to houses and buildings:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -AM Words
|-
! BUILDING !! ROOT
|-
| '''nam'''....''shop'' || '''n-'''....''commercial''
|-
| '''aajasnam'''....''antique store'' || '''aajas'''....''antique''
|-
| '''apelatam'''....''beehive'' || '''apelat'''....''bee''
|-
| '''apetigpekam'''....''(horse) racetrack'' || '''apet'''....''horse'' + '''ig-'''....''fast'' + '''pek'''....''competition''
|-
| '''tam'''....''house'' || '''t-'''....''human''
|-
| '''bektam'''....''hospice'' || '''bek'''....''treatment''
|-
| '''bextam'''....''castle'' || '''bex-'''....''keep''
|-
| '''bekilnam'''....''pharmacy'' || '''bekil'''....''medecine'' + '''nam'''....''store''
|-
| '''saxam'''....''factory'' || '''sax-'''....''make''
|-
| '''bilunsaxam'''....''dairy'' || '''bil'''....''milk'' + '''-un'''....''product'' + '''sax-'''....''make''
|-
| '''datibam'''....''hotel'' || '''dat'''....''friend'' + '''ib-'''....''receive''
|-
| '''tistam'''....''school'' || '''tis'''....''learn''
|-
| '''doyevam'''....''court'' || '''do-'''....''public'' + '''yev'''....''justice''
|-
| '''doptam'''....''barracks'' || '''dop'''....''military''
|-
| '''dresam'''....''bureau'' || '''dres-'''....''write''
|-
| '''bokam'''....''hospital'' || '''bok'''....''sickness''
|-
| '''mamparam'''....''hangar'' || '''mam'''....''sky'' + '''par'''....''vehicle''
|-
| '''mogxam'''....''crematorium'' || '''mog'''....''ash'' + '''x-'''....''make''
|-
| '''posam'''....''station'' || '''pos-'''....''stop''
|-
| '''taolgoblam'''....''butcher shop'' || '''taol'''....''meat'' + '''gobl-'''....''cleave''
|-
| '''tilam'''....''bar'' || '''til-'''....''drink''
|-
| '''yibdubam'''....''embassy'' || '''yib'''....''far'' + '''dub'''....''minister''
|}
=== Common Containers and Enclosed Spaces with -yem ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -YEM Words
|-
! CONTAINER !! ROOT
|-
| '''apetyem'''....''corral'' || '''apet'''....''horse''
|-
| '''nyem'''....''box'' || '''n-'''....''commercial''
|-
| '''syem'''....''institution'' || '''s-'''....''exist''
|-
| '''milpyem'''....''swimming pool'' || '''milp-'''....''swim''
|-
| '''nunyem'''....''package'' || '''nun'''....''merchandise''
|-
| '''ponyem'''....''suitcase'' || '''po-'''....''travel''
|-
| '''tebnyem'''....''skull'' || '''teb'''....''head''
|-
| '''tuyabyem'''....''pocket'' || '''tuyab'''....''hand''
|-
| '''vabijyem'''....''pod'' || '''vabij'''....''seed''
|-
| '''tyem'''....''residence'' || '''t-'''....''human''
|-
| '''tobijyem'''....''ovary'' || '''tobij'''....''embryo''
|-
| '''tojnyem'''....''casket'' || '''toj'''....''death''
|-
| '''ukyem'''....''slot'' || '''uk-'''....''empty''
|-
| '''myem'''....''plot of ground'' || '''m-'''....''natural things''
|-
| '''magilyem'''....''fuel tank'' || '''magil'''....''fuel''
|-
| '''koyem'''....''shelter'' || '''ko-'''....''hide''
|}
=== Common Rooms with -(t)im ===
: These words describe type of rooms ('''tim'''):

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -IM Words
|-
! ROOM !! ROOT
|-
| '''tim'''....''room'' || '''t-'''....''human''
|-
| '''aybmostim'''....''attic'' || '''ayb-'''....''upper'' + '''mos'''....''floor''
|-
| '''oybmostim'''....''basement'' || '''oyb-'''....''lower'' + '''mos'''....''floor''
|-
| '''ebmostim'''....''mezzanine'' || '''eb'''....''between'' + '''mos'''....''floor''
|-
| '''avoliim'''....''pantry'' || '''avol'''....''bread''
|-
| '''apetim'''....''stall'' || '''apet'''....''horse''
|-
| '''beaxim'''....''ward'' || '''beax-'''....''watch''
|-
| '''azla bikim'''....''intensive care unit'' || '''azla'''....''intensive'' + '''bik'''....''care''
|-
| '''belunim'''....''cargo bay'' || '''belun'''....''cargo''
|-
| '''biktim'''....''clinic'' || '''bik'''....''care''
|-
| '''datibim'''....''lobby'' || '''dat'''....''friend'' + '''ib-'''....''receive''
|-
| '''dyezim'''....''screening room'' || '''dyez'''....''cinema''
|-
| '''doebdalim'''....''conference room'' || '''do-'''....''public'' + '''eb'''....''between'' + '''dal-'''....''speak''
|-
| '''ebtim'''....''corridor'' || '''eb'''....''between''
|-
| '''fyadilim'''....''chapel'' || '''fya-'''....''holy'' + '''dil'''....''request''
|-
| '''dokebidim'''....''voting booth'' || '''do-'''....''public'' + '''kebi-'''....''choice''
|-
| '''fyatim'''....''sanctuary'' || '''fya-'''....''holy''
|-
| '''milufim'''....''toilet'' || '''mil'''....''water'' + '''-uf'''....''pipe''
|-
| '''movim'''....''smoking den'' || '''mov'''....''smoke''
|-
| '''novim'''....''linen closet'' || '''nov'''....''linen''
|-
| '''saxim'''....''studio'' || '''sax-'''....''create''
|-
| '''sumtim'''....''bedroom'' || '''sum'''....''bed''
|-
| '''teexutim'''....''auditorium'' || '''teexut'''....''listener''
|-
| '''tulim'''....''dining room'' || '''tul'''....''cuisine''
|-
| '''vaobim'''....''hayloft'' || '''vaob'''....''hay''
|-
| '''vyakexim'''....''laboratory'' || '''vyakex'''....''test''
|-
| '''zatim'''....''antechamber'' || '''za'''....''front''
|-
| '''zyutim'''....''rotunda'' || '''zyu-'''....''round''
|-
| '''yexim'''....''office'' || '''yex-'''....''work''
|}
=== Locative Deictic Adverbs ===
: The locative deictic adverbs (or pro-adverbs) use the '''-m''' suffix of place, eg:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Locative Deictic Adverbs
|-
| '''hom?'''....''where?''
|-
| '''ham hu'''....''the place where, where''
|-
| '''hem'''....''somewhere''
|-
| '''him'''....''here''
|-
| '''hiim'''....''the following place''
|-
| '''hum'''....''there''
|-
| '''huum'''....''such a place''
|-
| '''hyom'''....''nowhere''
|-
| '''hyam'''....''everywhere''
|-
| '''hyem'''....''anywhere, wherever''
|-
| '''hyim'''&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;....''(at) the same place''
|-
| '''hyum'''&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;....''elsewhere, somewhere else''
|}

: Note 1: Also '''gem'''.
: Note 2: Also '''ogem'''.

== The '''a''' (''One'') '''yan''' (''Together'') Families ==

: The stems in this family are based on '''a'''....''one'', and '''yan'''....''together'' and their opposites, '''o'''....''zero'' and '''yon'''....''apart''.

=== Core Words ===

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ A-O Contrasts
|-
! SINGLE !! NULL
|-
| '''a-'''....''one'' || '''o-'''....''zero, un-''
|-
| '''awa'''....''one'' || '''owa'''....''zero''
|-
| '''an-'''....''uni-, mono-'' || '''on-'''....''non-''
|-
| '''yan-'''....''together, con-'' || '''yon-'''....''apart, dis-''
|-
| '''hya-'''....''all'' || '''hyo-'''....''none''
|-
| '''-aya'''....''-ful'' || '''-oya'''....''-less''
|-
| '''ay'''....''and''  || '''oy'''....''but''
|}
=== Collective Nouns ===
: The suffix '''-yan''' is used to form collective nouns.  Here are some examples:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Collective Nouns with -YAN
|-
! SINGLETON !! COLLECTION
|-
| '''fab'''....''tree'' || '''fabyan'''....''forest''
|-
| '''vyab'''....''rule'' || '''vyabyan'''....''regimen, system''
|-
| '''vos'''....''flower'' || '''vosyan'''....''bouquet''
|-
| '''uzun'''....''ring'' || '''uzunyan'''....''chain''
|-
| '''aot'''....''person'' || '''aotyan'''....''group''
|-
| '''toom'''....''apartment'' || '''toomyan'''....''apartment complex''
|- 
| '''teyen'''....''idea'' || '''teyenyan'''....''ideology''
|-
| '''tyen'''....''technique'' || '''tyenyan'''....''technology''
|-
| '''tixut'''....''student'' || '''tixutyan'''....''student body''
|-
| '''tit'''....''pupil'' || '''tityan'''....''class''
|-
| '''telar'''....''eating utensil'' || '''telaryan'''....''cutlery''
|-
| '''sir'''....''machine'' || '''siryan'''....''machinery''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''patyan'''....''flock''
|}

: An extension of '''yan''' is '''nyan''', meaning ''stack, pile, accumulation, crowd,'' and so is a bit more intensive:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Collective Nouns with -NYAN
|-
! SINGLETON !! COLLECTION
|-
| '''pet'''....''land animal'' || '''petnyan'''....''herd''
|-
| '''aot'''....''person'' || '''aotnyan'''....''crowd''
|-
| '''dit'''....''citizen'' || '''ditnyan'''....''populace''
|-
| '''taib'''....''bone'' || '''taibnyan'''....''skeleton''
|-
| '''yaot'''....''public persona'' || '''yaotnyan'''....''commune''
|-
| '''dun'''....''word'' || '''dunnyan'''....''list''
|-
| '''vaob'''....''hay'' || '''vaobnyan'''....''haystack''
|}

: The following confusing terms should be kept distinct:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Collective Words
|-
! NOUN !! VERB
|-
| '''aot'''....''individual, person'' || '''aota'''....''personal''
|-
| '''aut'''....''myself'' || '''auta'''....''my own''
|-
| '''anot'''....''individual'' || '''anota'''....''private''
|-
| '''aotnyan'''....''group''  || '''aotnyana'''....''collective''
|-
| '''aotyan'''....''people'' || '''aotyana'''....''popular''
|-
| '''aotyanin'''....''populism'' || '''aotyanina'''....''populist''
|-
| '''aotyandab'''....''republic, democracy'' || '''aotyandaba'''....''republican, democratic''
|-
| '''yaut'''....''ourselves'' || ''yauta'''....''our own''
|-
| '''yaot'''....''constituent, commoner'' || '''yaota'''....''common, collective, public''
|-
| '''yaotyan'''....''community, constituency, public'' || '''yaotyana'''....''communitarian''
|-
| '''yaotnyan'''....''commune, collective'' || '''yaotnyana'''....''communal, collective''
|-
| '''yaotin'''....''communism'' || '''yaotina'''....''communist''
|-
| '''dityan'''....''citizenry, population'' || '''dityana'''....''of the citizenry, populational''
|-
| '''ditnyan'''....''populace'' || '''ditnyana'''....''popular''
|- 
| '''ditnyanin'''....''populism'' || '''ditnyanina'''....''populist''
|-
| '''yanav'''....''party'' (political) || '''yanava'''....''partisan''
|-
| '''yaniv'''....''party'' (fun) || '''yaniva'''....''festive''
|-
| '''yanut'''....''associate'' || '''yanuta'''....''general, public''
|-
| '''yanutyan'''....''association'' || '''yanutyana'''....''associational''
|}

== The '''tob''' (''Human'') Family==

: The stem of words in this family begin with the consonant '''t''', designating ''human'', and end in '''b''', meaning ''organism, body, or organ'' or '''p''', having to do with the non-corporeal aspects of man, such as ''mind'' and ''emotion''.

=== Core Words ===

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ T-B Core Words
|-
! -B !! -P
|-
| '''tob'''....''human, man'' || '''top'''....''soul, psyche''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''tap'''....''physique''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''tep'''....''mind''
|-
| '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''tip'''....''sentiment, emotion''
|-
| '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''tup'''....''limb''
|-
| '''tyob'''....''leg'' ||
|}


: All the names of the parts of the body are derived from these core words in a hiearchical fashion using stem vowel scalarization, as can be seen from the sample chart below of the body parts relating to ''arm'' and ''leg'' (not the parallelism):

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parts of the Body
|- valign=top
| '''tub'''&lt;br&gt;arm || '''tuab'''&lt;br&gt; shoulder || '''tueb'''&lt;br&gt; upper arm || '''tuib'''&lt;br&gt; elbow || '''tuub'''&lt;br&gt; forearm || '''tuyob'''&lt;br&gt; '''wrist''' || '''tuyab'''&lt;br&gt; hand || '''tuyeb'''&lt;br&gt; fist || '''tuyib'''&lt;br&gt; palm || '''tuyub'''&lt;br&gt; finger || '''tulob'''&lt;br&gt; fingernail
|-
| '''tyob'''&lt;br&gt; leg || '''tyoab'''&lt;br&gt; hip || '''tyoeb'''&lt;br&gt; thigh || '''tyoib'''&lt;br&gt; knee || '''tyoub'''&lt;br&gt; tibia || '''tyoyob'''&lt;br&gt; ankle || '''tyoyab'''&lt;br&gt; foot || '''tyoyeb'''&lt;br&gt; heel || '''tyoyib'''&lt;br&gt; sole || '''tyoyub'''&lt;br&gt; toe || tyolob&lt;br&gt; toenail
|}

=== Bodily Functions and Gestures ===
: The following chart shows how gestural and bodily movements and functions are derived from body parts:

::&lt;table border=1 valign=top cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;ORGANISM&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;GESTURES, MOVEMENTS, FUNCTIONS&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tob'''....''human''&lt;br&gt;'''twob'''....''man''&lt;br&gt;'''toyb'''....''woman''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt;'''tobser'''....''become human'', '''tobxer'''....''humanize'', '''tobtojber'''....''murder''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt;'''tobij'''....''embryo ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tobijier'''....''conceive'', '''tobijuer'''....''impregnate'', '''tobijer'''....''ovulate'', '''tobijbeler'''....''gestate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tab'''....''body ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tabazaxer'''....''work out'', '''tabmelukxer'''....''entomb'', '''tabteaxer'''....''autopsy''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tayeb'''....''hair ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tayebarer'''....''comb'', '''tayeboker'''....''go bald'', '''tayefarer'''....''brush'', '''tayeborber'''....''shave'', '''tayelber'''....''shampoo'', '''tayevarer'''....''mop''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tayob'''....''skin ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tayobiler'''....''sweat'', '''tayobober'''....''flay'', '''tayoboser'''....''itch'', '''tayoser'''....''feel like'', '''tayoter'''....''feel'', '''tayoxer'''....''palpate'', '''tayobdriler'''....''tattoo'', '''tayotyofxer'''....''numb''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teb'''....''head''&lt;br&gt;'''tebabun'''....''scalp''&lt;br&gt;'''tebzan'''....''face ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tebabunober'''....''scalp'', '''tebbaxer'''....''nod'', '''tebober'''....''decapitate'', '''tebzaner'''....''face''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teab'''....''eye''&lt;br&gt;'''teababun'''....''eyelid''&lt;br&gt;'''teabyeb'''....''eyelash''&lt;br&gt;'''teabil'''....''tear ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teaser'''....''seem'', '''teater'''....''see'', '''teatyofxer'''....''blind'', '''teaxer'''....''look'', '''teaxuer'''....''show'', '''teazuer'''....''amaze'', '''teabizer'''....''aim'', '''teaper'''....''visit'', '''teabyujiger'''....''blink''&lt;br&gt;'''teababuner'''....''blink''&lt;br&gt;'''teababyexer'''....''bat an eyelash''&lt;br&gt;'''teabiler'''....''tear up''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teeb'''....''ear ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teeter'''....''hear'', '''teeser'''....''sound like'', '''teeper'''....''attend'', '''teeder'''....''rumor'', '''teeyofxer'''....''deafen'', '''teexer'''....''listen''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teib'''....''nose ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teiter'''....''smell'', '''teiser'''....''smell like'', '''teitier'''....''take a whiff of'', '''teituer'''....''reek'', '''teixer'''....''smell'', '''teseuxer'''....''snore'', '''teizber'''....''perfume'', '''teipulxer'''....''sneeze'', '''teibalier'''....''sniff'', '''teibalegier'''....''sniffle'', '''teibiler'''....''run at the nose'', '''teibukxer'''....''blow the nose''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teub'''....''mouth''&lt;br&gt;'''teubil'''....''saliva''&lt;br&gt;'''teubsin'''....''expression''&lt;br&gt;'''deuz'''....''song''&lt;br&gt;'''seux'''....''sound''&lt;br&gt;'''seuz'''....''tone''&lt;br&gt;'''teuz'''....''voice''&lt;br&gt;'''toleuz'''....''taste ''&lt;br&gt;'''teuv'''....''mask''&lt;br&gt;'''teuf'''....''muzzle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teubier'''....''swallow'',  '''yijteuber'''....''yawn'', '''teuser'''....''taste like'', '''teuter'''....''taste'', '''teutier'''....''sample'', '''teutuer'''....''offer a taste'', '''teuxer'''....''taste'', '''teuder'''....''shout'', '''ivteuder'''....''laugh'', '''uvteuder'''....''groan'', '''ivteuber'''....''smile'', '''uvteuber'''....''frown'','''vyoivteuder'''....''mock'', '''ufteuber'''....''scowl'', '''uvseuxer'''....''grumble''&lt;br&gt;'''teubiler'''....''salivate'', '''teubiloker'''....''drool'', '''teubilokeger'''....''dribble'', '''teubiloyeber'''....''expectorate'', '''teubilpuxer'''....''spew'', '''teubiluer'''....''spit'', '''teubilier'''....''slurp''&lt;br&gt;'''teubsiner'''....''grimace''&lt;br&gt;'''deuzer'''....''sing'', '''yandeuzer'''....''harmonize'', '''yagdeuzer'''....''chant''&lt;br&gt;'''seuxer'''....''ring seuxder pronounce'', '''voyseuxder'''....''mispronounce''&lt;br&gt;'''zoyteuzer'''....''echo'', '''uvseuzer'''....''sigh''&lt;br&gt;'''teuzuer'''....''vote'', '''teuzier'''....''poll'', '''teuzibarer'''....''telephone''&lt;br&gt;'''toleuser'''....''taste like'', '''toleuter'''....''taste'', '''toleuxer'''....''savor'', '''fitoleuser'''....''taste good'', '''futoleuser'''....''taste bad''&lt;br&gt; '''teuvuer'''....''mask''&lt;br&gt;'''teufuer'''....''muzzle''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teubab'''....''tongue ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teubaxer'''....''wag the tongue'', '''teubabaxer'''....''lick''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teubib'''....''gum ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teubixer'''....''chew'', '''teubixeger'''....''ruminate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teupib'''....''tooth ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teupixer'''....''bite'', '''teupixeger'''....''nibble'', '''yebteupixer'''....''crunch''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teubob'''....''lip ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teuboxer'''....''kiss'', '''teuboxeger'''....''smooch'', '''teubobaxer'''....''smack the lips''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teyob'''....''neck ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''teyobabaxer'''....''neck'', '''teyopixer'''....''collar'', '''teyozyober'''....''choke'' , '''teyopyoxer'''....''hang''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tib'''....''trunk ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tibuzer'''....''bow''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tibuj'''....''tail''&lt;br&gt;'''tibuf'''....''train ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tibujbarxer'''....''wag''&lt;br&gt;'''tibufer'''....''trail ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tieb'''....''lung''&lt;br&gt;'''tiebal'''....''breath''&lt;br&gt;'''tiebbok'''....''cold ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tiexer'''....''breath'', '''tiebyujber'''....''suffocate'', '''teibukxer'''....''cough''&lt;br&gt;'''tiebalier'''....''inhale'', '''tiebaluer'''....''exhale'', '''tiebaloker'''....''belch''&lt;br&gt;'''tiebbokier'''....''catch a cold ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tiib'''....''heart''&lt;br&gt;'''tiibil'''....''blood ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''tiibiler'''....''bleed tiibiloker bleed out'', '''tiibilglalser'''....''clot'', '''tiibilier'''....''suck blood'', '''tiibiluer'''....''let blood''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tikeb'''....''stomach''&lt;br&gt;'''tikebil'''....''chyme ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tikebier'''....''digest'', '''tikebukxer'''....''vomit''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tikyeb'''....''anus''&lt;br&gt;'''tikyebal'''....''flatulence''&lt;br&gt;'''tikyebil'''....''feces ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''tikyebaler'''....''fart''&lt;br&gt;'''tikyebiler'''....''defecate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tikyob'''....''bowels ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tikyobier'''....''ingest'', '''tikyobober'''....''disembowel''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tub'''....''arm ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''yantubier'''....''embrace'', '''tubbaxer'''....''wave''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyab'''....''hand ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyaxer'''....''handle'', '''tuyaber'''....''handle'', '''tuyabalxer'''....''shake hand'', '''tuyabexer'''....''manipulate'', '''tuyabier'''....''grab'', '''tuyabirer'''....''wrestle'', '''tuyasiuner'''....''wave'', '''tuyabuer'''....''hand out'', '''tuyadrer'''....''write out longhand'', '''tuyapixer'''....''clasp tuyapyexer clap''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyeb'''....''fist ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyepeker'''....''fistfight'', '''tuyebalxer'''....''shake one''''''s'''....''fist'', '''tuyepyelxuer'''....''pound'', '''tuyepyexer'''....''box''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyib'''....''palm ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyibabaxer'''....''pat'', '''tuyibaber'''....''palm'', '''tuyibuer'''....''palm off'', '''tuyipyexer'''....''slap''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyob'''....''wrist ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyoxer'''....''wave''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyub'''....''finger ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuyubarxer'''....''wag one''''''s'''....''finger'', '''tuyubifeker'''....''fiddle'', '''tuyubizder'''....''point out'', '''tuyuibeaxer'''....''indicate'', '''tuyugiber'''....''poke'', '''tuyupyexer'''....''tap'', '''tuyuxer'''....''palpate''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tulob'''....''fingernail''&lt;br&gt;'''paltulob'''....''claw ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tuloxer'''....''scratch'', '''tuloxefer'''....''itch''&lt;br&gt;'''patuloxer'''....''claw'', '''patulober'''....''grip''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoib'''....''knee ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoixer'''....''kneel'', '''tyoiper'''....''crawl''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoyab'''....''foot ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoyabarer'''....''stomp'', '''tyoyakyeper'''....''hobble'', '''tyoyapyexer'''....''kick''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoyeb'''....''heel ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoyeber'''....''spurn''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoyib'''....''sole ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoyiber'''....''supplant''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoyub'''....''toe ''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=top&gt; '''tyoyubaxeger'''....''wiggle one''''''s'''....''toe'', '''tyoyuzyuper'''....''pirouette''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

== The '''bak''' (''Health'') Family==

: Here are the main words in Mirad dealing with health, illness, and medecine:

=== Core Words ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ B-K Words
|- valign=top
! NOUNS !! VERBS
|-
| '''bak'''....''health''&lt;br&gt;'''baak'''....''hygiene'' || '''bakser'''....''heal (intr.)'', '''bakxer'''....''heal (tr.)''
|- 
| '''bek'''....''treatment''&lt;br&gt;'''byek'''....''cure'' || '''bekier'''....''get treated'', '''bekuer'''....''treat'', &lt;br&gt;'''byekser'''....''be cured'', '''byekxer'''....''cure''
|-
| '''bok'''....''illness''&lt;br&gt;'''book'''....''fatigue'' || '''bokser'''....''get sick'', '''bokxer'''....''sicken''&lt;br&gt;'''bookser'''....''grow tired'', '''bokxer'''....''tire out''
|-
| '''bik'''....''care'' || '''bikier'''....''take care'', '''bikuer'''....''care for''
|-
| '''buk'''....''injury''&lt;br&gt;'''bruk'''....''mutilation'' || '''bukser'''....''be injured'', '''bukxer'''....''injure''&lt;br&gt;'''brukser'''....''be mutilated'', '''brukxer'''....''mutilate''
|-
| '''byok'''....''pain''&lt;br&gt;'''blok'''....''suffering''&lt;br&gt;'''brok'''....''torture'' || '''byoker'''....''ache'', '''byokuer'''....''inflict pain''&lt;br&gt; '''bloker'''....''suffer'', '''blokuer'''....''inflict suffering''&lt;br&gt;'''broker'''....''agonize'', '''brokuer'''....''torture'' 
|}

== The '''tod''' (''Family'') Family==

:Stems in this family begin with '''t''' for ''human'' and end in '''d''' for ''society'' and have to do with families and family relationships.

=== Core Words ===

:: Notice that kinship terms are gender-neutral unless there is a '''w''' before the root syllable vowel (indicating male-specific) or a '''y''' following the root syllable vowel (indicating female-specific).

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ T-D Words
|-
! '''tod'''....''family'' !! MALE !! FEMALE
|-
| '''tad'''....''spouse'' || '''twad'''....''husband'' || '''tayd'''....''wife''
|-
| '''ted'''....''parent'' || '''twed'''....''father'' || '''teyd'''....''mother''
|-
| '''tid'''....''sibling'' || '''twid'''....''brother'' || '''tiyd'''....''sister''
|-
| '''tud'''....''child'' || '''twud'''....''son'' || '''tuyd'''....''daughter''
|}
=== Genealogical Prefixes ===
: Prefixes or word elements used to modify the above core words:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Genealogical Prefixes
|-
| '''to-'''....''god-'' (as in ''godson'')
|-
| '''ta-'''....''-in-law, through marriage''
|-
| '''te-'''....''father's''
|-
| '''ti-'''....''sibling's''
|-
| '''tu-'''....''child's''
|-
| '''taj-'''....''birth-, real''
|-
| '''otaj-, ifbi-'''....''foster, adopted''
|-
| '''ij-'''....''first, original''
|-
| '''aj-'''....''ex-, former''
|-
| '''ej-'''....''current, step-, half-''
|-
| '''oj-'''....''future, -to-be''
|-
| '''aa'''....''first''
|-
| '''ea'''....''second''
|-
| '''yiba'''....''distant''
|-
| '''aa yiba'''....''first-removed''
|-
| '''ea yiba'''....''second-removed''
|-
| '''ota-'''....''out-of-wedlock, bastard''
|-
| '''oyted-'''....''orphan(ed), without parents''
|-
| '''oytad-'''....''unmarried, without spouse''
|-
| '''oytud-'''....''childless, without child, barren''
|-
| '''tiibil-'''....''blood-''
|}
=== Kinship Terms ===
: Kinship Terms Formed from the Above Core Words and Prefixed Elements

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kinship Terms
|- valign=top
! GENDER-NEUTRAL !! MALE !! FEMALE
|-
| '''tad'''....''spouse''&lt;br&gt;'''ajtad'''....''ex-spouse''&lt;br&gt;'''ijtad'''....''first spouse''&lt;br&gt;'''ejtad'''....''current spouse, step spouse''&lt;br&gt;'''ojtad'''....''spouse-to-be, fiance''&lt;br&gt;'''oytadat'''....''bachelor'' ||'''twad'''....''husband''&lt;br&gt;'''ajtwad'''....''ex-husband''&lt;br&gt;'''ijtwad'''....''first husband''&lt;br&gt;'''ejtwad'''....''current husband, step husband''&lt;br&gt;'''ojtwad'''....''husband-to-be, fiance''&lt;br&gt;'''oytwadat'''....''bachelor'' || '''tayd'''....''wife''&lt;br&gt;'''ajtayd'''....''ex-wife''&lt;br&gt;'''ijtayd'''....''first wife''&lt;br&gt;'''ejtayd'''....''current wife, step-wife''&lt;br&gt;'''ojtayd'''....''wife-to-be, fiancee''&lt;br&gt;'''oytadayt'''....''spinster''
|-
| '''ted'''....''parent''&lt;br&gt;'''tajted'''....''birth parent''&lt;br&gt;'''ejted'''....''step parent, foster parent''&lt;br&gt;'''ojted'''....''parent-to-be''&lt;br&gt;'''teted'''....''grand-parent''&lt;br&gt;'''teteted'''....''great-grandparent''&lt;br&gt;'''tated'''....''parent-in-law''&lt;br&gt;'''toted'''....''godparent''&lt;br&gt;'''oytedat'''....''orphan''|| '''twed'''....''father''&lt;br&gt;'''tajtwed'''....''birth father''&lt;br&gt;'''ejtwed'''....''step-father, foster father''&lt;br&gt;'''ojtwed'''....''father-to-be''&lt;br&gt;'''tetwed'''....''grand-father''&lt;br&gt;'''tetetwed'''....''great-grandfather''&lt;br&gt;'''tatwed'''....''father-in-law''&lt;br&gt;'''totwed'''....''godfather''&lt;br&gt;'''oytwedat'''....''male orphan''||'''teyd'''....''mother''&lt;br&gt;'''tajteyd'''....''birth mother''&lt;br&gt;'''ejteyd'''....''stepmother, foster mother''&lt;br&gt;'''ojted'''....''mother-to-be''&lt;br&gt;'''teteyd'''....''grandmother''&lt;br&gt;'''teteteyd'''....''great-grandmother''&lt;br&gt;'''tateyd'''....''mother-in-law''&lt;br&gt;'''toteyd'''....''godmother''&lt;br&gt;'''oytedayt'''....''female orphan''
|-
| '''tid'''....''sibling''&lt;br&gt;'''ejtid'''....''step-sibling''&lt;br&gt;'''tatid'''....''sibling-in-law''&lt;br&gt;'''tetid'''....''parent's sibling''&lt;br&gt;'''tetetid'''....''great parent's sibling''||'''twid'''....''brother''&lt;br&gt;'''ejtwid'''....''step-brother''&lt;br&gt;'''tatwid'''....''brother-in-law''&lt;br&gt;'''tetwid'''....''uncle''&lt;br&gt;'''tetetwid'''....''great uncle''|| '''tiyd'''....''sister''&lt;br&gt;'''ejtiyd'''....''stepsister''&lt;br&gt;'''tatiyd'''....''sister-in-law''&lt;br&gt;'''tetiyd'''....''aunt''&lt;br&gt;'''tetetiyd'''....''great aunt''
|-
| '''tud'''....''child''&lt;br&gt;'''tatud'''....''child-in-law''&lt;br&gt;'''ijtud'''....''first-born child''&lt;br&gt; '''ejtud'''....''stepchild''&lt;br&gt;'''otada tud'''....''bastard child''&lt;br&gt;'''titud'''....''sibling's child''&lt;br&gt;'''totud'''....''godchild''&lt;br&gt;'''tutud'''....''grandchild''&lt;br&gt;'''titutud'''....''sibling's grandchild''&lt;br&gt;'''tetitud'''....''cousin''&lt;br&gt;'''aa tetitud'''....''first cousin''&lt;br&gt;'''ea tetitud'''....''second cousin''&lt;br&gt;'''aa yiba tetitud'''....''cousin first removed''||'''twud'''....''son''&lt;br&gt;'''tatwud'''....''son-in-law''&lt;br&gt;'''ijtwud'''....''first-born son''&lt;br&gt; '''ejtwud'''....''stepson''&lt;br&gt;'''otada twud'''....''bastard son''&lt;br&gt;'''titud'''....''nephew''&lt;br&gt;'''totwud'''....''godson''&lt;br&gt;'''tutwud'''....''grandson''&lt;br&gt;'''titutwud'''....''grandnewphew''&lt;br&gt;'''tetitwud'''....''cousin''&lt;br&gt;'''aa tetitwud'''....''first male cousin''&lt;br&gt;'''ea tetitwud'''....''second male cousin''&lt;br&gt;'''aa yiba tetitwud'''....''male cousin first removed''||'''tuyd'''....''daughter''&lt;br&gt;'''tatuyd'''....''daughter-in-law''&lt;br&gt;'''ijtuyd'''....''first-born-daughter''&lt;br&gt;'''ejtuyd'''....''stepdaughter''&lt;br&gt;'''otada tuyd'''....''bastard daughter''&lt;br&gt;'''tituyd'''....''niece''&lt;br&gt;'''totuyd'''....''goddaughter''&lt;br&gt;'''tutuyd'''....''granddaughter''&lt;br&gt;'''titutuyd'''....''grandniece''&lt;br&gt;'''tetituyd'''....''(female) cousin''&lt;br&gt;'''aa tetituyd'''....''first female cousin''&lt;br&gt;'''ea tetituyd'''....''second female cousin''&lt;br&gt;'''aa yiba tetituyd'''....''female cousin first removed''
|}

: Suffixed '''-if''' gives you affectionate equivalents:

::* '''twadif'''....''hubby''
::* '''taydif'''....''darling wife, wifey-poo''
::* '''twedif'''....''daddy, papa''
::* '''teydif'''....''mommy, mama''
::* '''twidif'''....''bro''
::* '''tiydif'''....''sis''
::* '''twudif'''....''sonny, kid''
::* '''tuydif'''....''darling daughter''

: Other terms:

::* '''todat'''....''relative, sib''
::* '''tiibil todat'''....''blood relative''
::* '''todatan'''....''kinship''
::* '''todatyan'''....''kinfolk, clan''
::* '''todeb'''....''pater familias''
::* '''todeyb'''....''mater familias''
::* '''otatud'''....''bastard, bastard son, bastard child''
::* '''otatuyd'''....''bastard daughter''
::* '''oytetwud'''....''orphan, orphan son''
::* '''oytetuyd'''....''orphan daughter''
::* '''oytwadat'''....''bachelor, unmarried man''
::* '''oytadayt'''....''spinster, unmarried woman, bachelorette''
::* '''oytudayt'''....''childless woman''
::* '''glatidat'''....''person with many siblings''
::* '''oytidat'''....''person with no siblings''
::* '''tadat'''....''in-law''
::* '''otajted, ifbited'''....''foster parent, adopting parent''
::* '''otajtud, ifbitud'''....''foster child, adopted child''
::* '''otajteder, ifbiteder'''....''foster, adopt''
::* '''otajtedwa, ifbitedwa'''....''adopted''
::* '''teder'''....''parent, raise''
::* '''tadier'''....''get married, take on a spouse''
::* '''taduer'''....''marry, preside over a marriage''
::* '''todtun'''....''genealogy''
::* '''tood'''....''ethnos, tribe, clan, race''
::* '''toodtun'''....''folklore''
::* '''tooddin'''....''folk story''
::* '''toob'''....''gender, sex''
::* '''hyitoobifa'''....''homosexual''
::* '''hyutoobifa'''....''heterosexual''
::* '''entoobifa'''....''bisexual''
::* '''hyatoobifa'''....''pansexual''
::* '''hyotoobifa'''....''asexual''
::* '''hyitooba tadan'''....''same-sex marriage''
::* '''tadyan'''....''married couple''
::* '''jwaa tadien'''....''shotgun wedding''
::* '''tyod'''....''people, folk''

== The '''dot''' (''Society'') Family ==

: The stems of the words in this family begin with '''d''' for ''society'' and end in '''t''' for ''human''.

=== Core Words ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ D-T Core Words
|-
| '''dot'''....''society''
|-
| '''dat'''....''friend''&lt;br&gt;'''dwat'''....''male friend''&lt;br&gt;'''dayt'''....''female friend''
|-
| '''det'''....''comrade, mate''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''dwet'''....''boyfriend''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''deyt'''....''girlfriend''
|-
| '''dit'''....''citizen''
|-
| '''dut'''....''gentleperson''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''dwut'''....''gentleman, sir, lord''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''duyt'''....''lady, madame''
|-
| '''dout'''....''bourgeois''&lt;br&gt;'''duut'''....''lord, master''
|}

: The prefix '''do-''' can be used to form words that are public in nature, eg:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ The Do- prefix
! COMBINED FORM !! SUFFIX
|-
| '''dovyab'''....''law'' || '''vyab'''....''rule''
|-
| '''doyev'''....''justice'' || '''yev-'''....''just''
|-
| '''doyov'''....''crime'' || '''yov'''....''shame''
|-
| '''doyiv'''....''(civil) right'' || '''yiv'''....''license''
|-
| '''dobien'''....''coup d'etat'' || '''bien'''....''taking''
|-
| '''dodres'''....''bulletin'' || '''dres'''....''document''
|-
| '''dokex'''....''(public) inquiry'' || '''kex'''....''search''
|-
| '''doval'''....''public safety'' || '''val'''....''safety''
|-
| '''dovaldib'''....''police'' || '''dib'''....''administration''
|-
| '''dotojben'''....''execution'' || '''tojben'''....''killing''
|-
| '''dosyag'''....''census'' || '''syag'''....''count''
|-
| '''dodrur'''....''press'' || '''drur'''....''printer''
|}

== The '''tof''' (''Clothes'') and '''nof''' (''Textile'') ==

: The stems in this family of words begin with '''t''' for ''human'' and end in '''f''' or '''v''', which are reminiscent of '''nof'''....''cloth'' and '''nov'''....''lingerie''.  The words have to do with clothing.  Post-y-gliding the semantic stem vowel produces something that relates to women.  Pre-w-gliding the semantic stem vowel produces something that relates specifically to men. 

: Summary:

:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Forming Words for Clothes
|-
! BODY PART !! CLOTHING ITEM !! FOR WOMEN
|-
| '''tob'''....''man'' || '''tof'''....''clothing'' || '''toyf'''....''female outfit''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''taf'''....''suit'' || '''tayf'''....''dress''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''tef'''....''hat''|| '''teyf'''....''woman's hat''
|-
| '''teyob'''....''neck'' || '''teyof'''....''necktie''|| 
|-
| '''tuab'''....''shoulder'' || '''tuaf'''....''shawl''||
|-
| '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''tif'''....''vest''||
|-
| '''zetib'''....''waist'' || '''zetif'''....''belt''||
|-
| '''tiab'''....''chest'' || '''tiav'''....''shirt'' || '''tiayv'''....''blouse''
|-
| '''tilab'''....''breast'' ||  || '''tilayv'''....''bra''
|-
| '''tiub'''....''belly'' || '''tiuv'''....''undershorts'' || '''tiuyv'''....''panties''
|-
| '''tuyab'''....''hand'' || '''tuyaf'''....''glove''||
|-
| '''tyob'''....''leg'' || '''tyof'''....''pants'' ||  '''tyoyf'''....''skirt''
|-
|- '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''tyoyaf'''....''shoe''&lt;br&gt;'''tyoyav'''....''sock''|| '''tyoyayf'''....''high heels''&lt;br&gt;'''tyoyayv'''....''stockings''
|}

: The '''nof''' family words begin with '''n''' meaning ''commercial'' and end in '''f''' meaning ''textile''.  Here is a summary:

&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%; background:light-yellow&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); background-color: lightyellow; width: 130px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;BASIC WORD&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); width: 353px; padding: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;DERIVATIVES&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 130px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 1.45;&quot;&gt;nof&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 1.45;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;textile, tissue&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 1.45;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;nov&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;linen&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 353px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nofir&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;loom&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;nofxer&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;weave&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nofyank&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;stitch&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;nofyanker&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;sew&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;nofyankut&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;seamster&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nofyonk&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;rip&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;nofyonker&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;rip&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;nofyonkar&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;scissors, shears&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nofyuj&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;pleat&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;nofyujber&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;fold&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nofzyiar&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;iron&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;nofzyiarer&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;iron&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;novyan&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;lingerie&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;novim&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;linen closet &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;misof&lt;/b&gt; curtain, &lt;b&gt;obmasof&lt;/b&gt; carpet &lt;b&gt;yebof&lt;/b&gt; sack&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;favof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;cotton&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;favoyf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;cotton wool&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;fevof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;flax&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;fivof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;hemp&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;fuvof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;jute&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;tayof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;leather&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 130px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;naf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;material, cloth, fabric&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;naaf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;drape&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;naef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;canvas&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;naif&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;velvet&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nauf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;veil&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nayaf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;cordoroy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 353px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 130px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;knit&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;neof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;stitch&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;neaf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;net, mesh, web&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;neef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;lace&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;neif&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;braid&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;neuf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;wicker&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;neyof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;loop&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;neyaf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;wale&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;neyef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;strip, band&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;neyif&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;plait&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nayuf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;lattice&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 353px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nefxer&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;knit,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;neofxer&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;stitch, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;neifxer&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;braid&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;neyofxer&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;loop&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nefar&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;knitting needle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nefiaf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;sweater&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;vinef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;embroidery&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;yotayef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;goat's hair, wool&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;tayef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;bristle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;utayef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;wool&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;zyef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;pane of glass,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;zyev&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;glass&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nyef &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;bag, sack&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;yebeaf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;mesh bag&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;yebeuf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;wicker basket&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 130px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nif&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;yarn, fiber&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;niv&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;thread&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;niyf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;filament, string&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;niif&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;twine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 353px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nifur&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;spinner&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;nifxer&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;spin,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;nifun&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;spider's web&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nifar&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;needle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nivar&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;pin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;mugnif&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;wire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;apeyetif&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;silk&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 130px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nuf&lt;/b&gt; button&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 353px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nufyujber&lt;/b&gt; button&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nufyijber&lt;/b&gt; unbutton&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nufzyeg&lt;/b&gt; buttonhole&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nufag&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;knob&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 130px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nyaf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;knot&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 353px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nyafer&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;tie&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;onyafer&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;untie, unravel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;mugnyaf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;clasp, buckle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 130px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nyef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;bag, sack&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 353px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;zotibnyef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;backpack&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;tolnyef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;grocery bag&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;yignyef&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;basket&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 130px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nyif&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;rope&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 353px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;mugnyif&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;cable&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nyifog&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;lace, cord&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 130px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nyuf&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;package&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;width: 353px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;nyufag&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;crate&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

== The '''mos''' (Floor) Family ==

: The stems in this family begin with '''m''', meaning ''place'' and end in '''s''', meaning ''thing''.  The words all have something to do with parts of a building or house, i.e. '''''masonry'''''.

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ M-S Core Words
|-
! MASONRY BASE WORD !! DERIVATIVES
|-
| '''mos'''....''floor''|| '''omos'''....''ground floor''&lt;br&gt;'''amos'''....''first floor''&lt;br&gt;'''abmos'''....''attic''&lt;br&gt;'''ebmos'''....''mezzanine''&lt;br&gt;'''obmos'''....''basement''
|-
| '''mas'''....''wall''|| '''abmas'''....''roof''&lt;br&gt;'''aybmas'''....''ceiling''&lt;br&gt;'''obmas'''....''foundation''&lt;br&gt;'''oybmas'''....''floor''&lt;br&gt;'''masof''' ....''carpet''&lt;br&gt;'''abzamas'''....''balcony''&lt;br&gt;'''obzamas'''....''porch''&lt;br&gt;'''ebmas'''....''partition''
|-
| '''mes'''....''door'' || '''zames'''....''front door''&lt;br&gt;'''zomes'''....''back door''&lt;br&gt;'''mesnufag'''....''door knob''&lt;br&gt;'''mesyuznad'''....''door frame''&lt;br&gt;'''mestuyar'''....''door handle''
|-
| '''mis'''....''window''|| '''miszyef'''....''window pane''&lt;br&gt;'''eymis'''....''shutter''&lt;br&gt;'''misof'''....''curtain''
|-
| '''mus'''....''stairs''|| '''musnog'''....''step, stair rung''&lt;br&gt;'''musim'''....''starwell''&lt;br&gt;'''magmus'''....''fire escape''&lt;br&gt;'''musabnod''' ....''climax''&lt;br&gt;'''muys'''....''ladder''&lt;br&gt;'''pasmus'''....''escalator''
|}

== The '''som''' (''Furniture'') Family ==

: The stems in this family begin with '''s''', meaning ''thing'', and end in '''m''', meaning ''place''.  The words all have to do with furniture.

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ S-M Core Words
|- valign=top
! FURNITURE BASE WORD || DERIVATIVES
|-
| '''som'''....''furniture''|| '''somber'''....''furnish''&lt;br&gt;'''somxut'''....''carpenter''&lt;br&gt;'''milsom'''....''sink''&lt;br&gt;'''milufsom''' ....''toilet''&lt;br&gt;'''maksom'''....''appliance''&lt;br&gt;'''mansom'''....''light fixture''&lt;br&gt;'''somyan'''....''furnishings''&lt;br&gt;'''milamsom'''....''water heater''&lt;br&gt;'''malomsom'''....''air-conditioner'' 
|-
| '''sam'''....''armoire, chest''|| '''telarsam'''....''china cabinet''&lt;br&gt;'''telsam'''....''cupboard''&lt;br&gt;'''tovsam'''....''chest of drawers''&lt;br&gt;'''samnyem'''....''drawer''&lt;br&gt;'''avolsom'''....''pantry''
|-
| '''sem'''....''table''|| '''semof'''....''table cloth''&lt;br&gt;'''tilsem'''....''bar''&lt;br&gt;'''yagsem'''....''countertop''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzsem'''....''round table''&lt;br&gt;'''dresem'''....''desk''&lt;br&gt;'''dalsem'''....''pulpit''&lt;br&gt;'''tabsem'''....''bier''&lt;br&gt;'''fyasem'''....''altar''&lt;br&gt;'''tularsem'''....''buffet''&lt;br&gt;'''dyedsem'''....''lectern''&lt;br&gt;'''syagsem'''....''counter (cashier stand)''
|-
| '''sim'''....''chair'' || '''zaopsim'''....''rocking chair''&lt;br&gt;'''yagyugsim'''....''couch''&lt;br&gt;'''zyupsim'''....''swivel chair''&lt;br&gt;'''eynsim'''....''stool''&lt;br&gt;'''edebsim'''....''throne''&lt;br&gt;'''yagyigsim'''....''bench''&lt;br&gt;'''tobotsim'''....''high chair''&lt;br&gt;'''apetsim'''....''saddle''&lt;br&gt;'''fyadilsim'''....''pew''&lt;br&gt;'''maksim'''.....''electric chair''&lt;br&gt;'''teadutsim'''....''witness box''&lt;br&gt;'''tujyagsim'''....''sleep sofa''&lt;br&gt;'''zopsim'''....''recliner''&lt;br&gt;'''yigsim'''....''hard chair''&lt;br&gt;'''agsim'''....''arm chair''&lt;br&gt;'''simber'''....''to seat''&lt;br&gt;'''simper'''....''to sit''
|-
| '''sum'''....''bed''|| '''suam'''....''cushion''&lt;br&gt;'''suaym'''....''pillow''&lt;br&gt;'''suav'''....''pillow case''&lt;br&gt;'''suem'''....''mattress''&lt;br&gt;'''suev'''....''sheet''&lt;br&gt;'''suef'''....''blanket''&lt;br&gt;'''absuef'''....''bedspread''&lt;br&gt;'''obsuev'''....''liner''&lt;br&gt;'''suim'''....''box spring''&lt;br&gt;'''summuf'''....''bedpost''&lt;br&gt;'''eonsum'''....''twin bed''&lt;br&gt;'''eynsum'''....''day bed''&lt;br&gt;'''igsum'''....''cot''&lt;br&gt;'''suym''' ....''couch''&lt;br&gt;'''nyanxwa sum'''....''bunk bed''&lt;br&gt;'''milsum'''....''waterbed''&lt;br&gt;'''tabsum'''....''sleeping bag''&lt;br&gt;'''pyoxwa sum'''....''hammock''&lt;br&gt;'''malsum'''....''airbed''&lt;br&gt;'''summanar'''....''bed lamp''&lt;br&gt;'''sumber'''....''put to bed''&lt;br&gt;'''sumper'''....''go to bed''
|}

== The '''sar''' (''Tool'') and '''par''' (''Vehicle'') Family ==

: The base words having to do with tools, devices, and machines all begin in '''s''' for ''thing'' and end in '''r''' for ''tool''.  Vehicles are mobile machines, and therefore their stems begin with '''p''' for ''mobile''.  Specific tools and machines are created by appending one of the stub suffixes to the stem of the word that describes what the tool or machine does.  For example, '''makijar''', meaning ''electrical switch, starter'' is composed of '''mak''' (''electricity'') and '''ij-''' (''start'').

: Summary:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Stub Suffixes for Tools and Machines
|-
! STANDALONE WORD !! STUB SUFFIX !! MEANING
|-
| '''sar''' || '''-ar''' || ''instrument, tool, device (default)''
|-
| '''sir'''|| '''-ir''' ||  ''apparatus, hand-driven machine''
|-
| '''sor'''  || '''-or''' || ''machine, powered machine''
|-
| '''sur''' || '''-ur''' || ''motor, engine'' 
|}

: Note: the stub suffixes other than '''-ar''' (the default) are used only to distinguish words like ''bicycle'' and ''motorcycle'' or ''needle'' and ''loom'', etc.

=== Vehicles ===

: Vehicle words end in '''par''', where the initial '''p''' signifies ''going'' and the final '''ar''' indicates ''instrument'', unless there is a need for further distinction, in which case, the ending may be '''-ir''', '''-or''', or '''-ur'''.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Vehicles
|-
! VEHICLES
|-
| '''par'''....''cart''&lt;br&gt;'''pir'''....''carriage''&lt;br&gt;'''pur'''....''car''
|-
| '''mampur'''....''airplane''
|-
| '''mempur'''....''automobile, car''
|-
| '''mimpar'''....''boat''&lt;br&gt;'''mimpir'''....''motorboat''&lt;br&gt;'''mimpur'''....''ship''
|-
| '''mumpur'''....''subway''
|-
| '''mompur'''....''spaceship''
|-
| '''kyinpar'''....''dolly''&lt;br&gt;'''kyinpir'''....''cart, wagon''&lt;br&gt;'''anzyukyinpir'''....''wheelbarrow''&lt;br&gt;'''kyinpur'''....''truck''
|-
| '''naadpur'''....''train''
|-
| '''yaudpur'''....''bus''
|-
| '''enzyukpar'''....''bicycle''&lt;br&gt;'''enzyukpir'''....''scooter''&lt;br&gt;'''enzyukpor'''....''motorcycle''
|-
| '''inzyukpar'''....''tricycle''
|-
| '''kipar'''....''skate''&lt;br&gt;'''kipir'''....''sled''&lt;br&gt;'''kipur'''....''sleigh''
|}

=== Tools and Machines ===

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Tools and Machines
|-
! TOOLS AND MACHINES
|-
| '''drar'''....''pencil''&lt;br&gt;'''drir'''....''typewriter''&lt;br&gt;'''drur'''....''printer''&lt;br&gt;'''dodrur'''....''press''
|-
| '''syaagar'''....''calculator''&lt;br&gt;'''syaagir'''....''computer''
|-
| '''vyixar'''....''brush''&lt;br&gt;'''vyixir'''....''sweeper''&lt;br&gt;'''vyixur'''....''vacuum cleaner''
|}

== The '''tol''' (''Food'') Family==

: The stems of the words in this family begin with '''t''' for ''human'' and '''l''' for ''liquid'' or in this case, drinkable or edible substances.  The words have to do with food, food preparation, eating and drinking.

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ T-L Core Words
|-
! WORD !! DERIVATIVES
|-
| '''tol'''....''nutrition'' || '''tolnam'''....''grocery store''&lt;br&gt;'''toltun'''....''dietetics''&lt;br&gt;'''tolvyaab'''....''diet''&lt;br&gt;'''toluer'''....''feed''&lt;br&gt;'''toyl'''....''nutrition''&lt;br&gt;'''toyles'''....''nutrient''&lt;br&gt;'''toyluer'''....''nourish''&lt;br&gt;'''tolsam'''....''food buffet''&lt;br&gt;'''toleus'''....''taste''&lt;br&gt;'''toleusgab'''....''relish''&lt;br&gt;'''tolmek'''....''spice''&lt;br&gt;'''tolsyeb'''....''casserole''
|-
| '''tel'''....''food'' || '''telier'''....''eat''&lt;br&gt;'''teluer'''....''feed''&lt;br&gt;'''telam'''....''restaurant''&lt;br&gt;'''telar'''....''fork''&lt;br&gt;'''telyeb'''....''plate''&lt;br&gt;'''telefa'''....''hungry''&lt;br&gt;'''telifut'''....''gourmet''&lt;br&gt;'''gratelut'''....''glutton''&lt;br&gt;'''teltun'''....''gastronomy''&lt;br&gt;'''oteliwas'''....''leftover''
|-
| '''til-'''....''drink'' || '''tilsem'''....''bar''&lt;br&gt;'''tilier'''....''drink''&lt;br&gt;'''tilef'''....''thirst''&lt;br&gt;'''tilgronag'''....''drought''&lt;br&gt;'''gratilut'''....''drunk''&lt;br&gt;'''tilyeb'''....''glass''&lt;br&gt;'''tilar'''....''spoon''&lt;br&gt;'''tilarog'''....''teaspoon''&lt;br&gt;'''tilarag'''....''ladle''&lt;br&gt;'''tilsyeb'''....''cup''&lt;br&gt;'''teilsyeb'''....''soup bowl''&lt;br&gt;'''kyitilsyeb'''....''mug, stein''
|-
| '''tul'''....''dish'' || '''jatul'''....''appetizer''&lt;br&gt;'''jotul'''....''dessert''&lt;br&gt;'''agtul'''....''main dish, entree''&lt;br&gt;'''ogtul'''....''tapa''&lt;br&gt;'''igtul'''....''snack''&lt;br&gt;'''atulyan'''....''first course''&lt;br&gt;'''etulyan'''....''second course''&lt;br&gt;'''tular'''....''dish''&lt;br&gt;'''tularsam'''....''china cabinet''&lt;br&gt;'''tularvyixar'''....''dishwasher''&lt;br&gt;'''tuler'''....''dine''&lt;br&gt;'''tamtuler'''....''dine at home''&lt;br&gt;'''tulur'''....''stove''&lt;br&gt;'''tultuna'''....''culinary''&lt;br&gt;'''tulxeb'''....''chef''&lt;br&gt;'''tulxim'''....''kitchen''&lt;br&gt;'''tulim'''....''dining room''&lt;br&gt;'''tulagim'''....''banquet hall''&lt;br&gt;'''vitultun'''....''gastronomy''&lt;br&gt;'''tuldras'''....''menu''&lt;br&gt;'''tulyuxut'''....''waiter''&lt;br&gt;'''tulyeb'''....''platter''
|-
| '''tyal'''....''meal'' || '''atyal'''....''breakfast''&lt;br&gt;'''etyal'''....''lunch''&lt;br&gt;'''ityal'''....''dinner''&lt;br&gt;'''utyal'''....''supper''&lt;br&gt;'''etyalier'''....''have lunch''&lt;br&gt;'''etyaluer'''....''serve lunch''&lt;br&gt;'''tyalag'''....''banquet''&lt;br&gt;'''vabemtyal'''....''picnic''&lt;br&gt;'''yomxwa tyal'''....''frozen dinner''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Drink, Food, Liquids
|- valign=top
! STUB !! EXAMPLES
|-
|'''-il'''....''liquid, drink'' || '''teil'''....''soup''&lt;br&gt;'''til'''....''beverage''&lt;br&gt;'''bil'''....''milk''&lt;br&gt;'''mil'''....''water''&lt;br&gt;'''gyalevil'''....''syrup''&lt;br&gt;'''aybil'''....''cream''&lt;br&gt;'''bilyig'''....''cheese''&lt;br&gt;'''bilyug'''....''butter''&lt;br&gt;'''mekil'''....''gruel''&lt;br&gt;'''gyalevabil'''....''pudding''&lt;br&gt;'''taobiil'''....''gravy''&lt;br&gt;'''tuil'''....''sauce''&lt;br&gt;'''tuilyeb'''....''saucer''&lt;br&gt;'''fil'''....''alcohol''&lt;br&gt;'''vafil'''....''wine''&lt;br&gt;'''vafiltun'''....''oenology''&lt;br&gt;'''grafiliut'''....''alcoholic''&lt;br&gt;'''filxer'''....''ferment''&lt;br&gt;'''filvyunober'''....''distill''&lt;br&gt;'''levafil'''....''liquour''&lt;br&gt;'''teabil'''....''tear''&lt;br&gt;'''teubil'''....''saliva''&lt;br&gt;'''ilyeb'''....''bottle''&lt;br&gt;'''yavil'''....''beer''&lt;br&gt;'''magiler'''....''boil''&lt;br&gt;'''dril'''....''ink''&lt;br&gt;'''ilneyeb'''....''tank, reservoir''&lt;br&gt;'''ilsyeb'''....''carafe, beaker, flask''&lt;br&gt;'''apelatil'''....''honey''&lt;br&gt;'''bavuil'''....''ketchup''
|-
|'''-yal'''....''juice'' || '''sefyal'''....''coffee''&lt;br&gt;'''safyal'''....''tea''&lt;br&gt;'''vafyal'''....''grape juice''
|-
| '''-el'''....''food'' ||'''level'''....''sugar''&lt;br&gt;'''yapel'''....''pork''&lt;br&gt;'''vipel'''....''venison''&lt;br&gt;'''eopel'''....''beef''&lt;br&gt;'''mageler'''....''cook''&lt;br&gt;'''movelwa'''....''smoked''&lt;br&gt;'''ummagelar'''....''oven''&lt;br&gt;'''elsyeb'''....''pot, pan''
|-
| '''-yel'''....''gel, oil'' || '''dofyel'''....''chocolate''&lt;br&gt;'''megyel'''....''cement''&lt;br&gt;'''myel'''....''plastic''&lt;br&gt;'''tayel'''....''shampoo''&lt;br&gt;'''tulyel'''....''cooking oil''&lt;br&gt;'''magyel'''....''fuel''&lt;br&gt;'''yugyel'''....''rubber''&lt;br&gt;'''fyel'''....''wax''&lt;br&gt;'''magyeler'''....''fry''&lt;br&gt;'''magyelsyeb'''....''frying pan''&lt;br&gt;'''leveyel'''....''jam, confiture''&lt;br&gt;'''yiglevyel'''....''candy''&lt;br&gt;'''kafyel'''....''olive oil''&lt;br&gt;'''gevyel'''....''corn oil''&lt;br&gt;'''tulyel'''....''cooking oil''&lt;br&gt;'''gavyel'''....''sunflower oil''
|-
| '''-eil'''....''soup'' || '''teil'''....''soup''&lt;br&gt;'''yagteil'''....''stew''
|- 
| '''-ol'''....''food'' || '''avol'''....''bread''&lt;br&gt;'''taol'''....''meat''&lt;br&gt;'''umleavol'''....''biscuit''&lt;br&gt;'''sifyol'''....''pepper''&lt;br&gt;'''mimol'''....''salt''&lt;br&gt;'''ovol'''....''bran''&lt;br&gt;'''zyuavol'''....''roll''&lt;br&gt;'''zyiavol'''....''flatbread, pita''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzavol'''....''wrap, gyro, taco''&lt;br&gt;'''uzavol'''....''twist, croissant''&lt;br&gt;'''ebavol'''....''sandwich''&lt;br&gt;'''toleusgabol'''....''condiment''&lt;br&gt;'''leavol'''....''pasta''
|-
| '''-ul'''....''substance'' || '''mul'''....''matter''&lt;br&gt;'''bekul'''....''medecine''&lt;br&gt;'''bukul'''....''poison''&lt;br&gt;'''zemul'''....''yolk''&lt;br&gt;'''vemul'''....''neutron''&lt;br&gt;'''vamul'''....''proton''&lt;br&gt;'''vomul'''....''electron''&lt;br&gt;'''gwomul'''....''atom''&lt;br&gt;'''vyul'''....''slime''&lt;br&gt;'''zemul'''....''nucleus''
|}

== The '''mor''' (''universe'') and '''mom''' (''outer space'') Family==

: The stems of the words in this family are characterized by the letter '''m'''....''nature''.  The words, thus, have to do with ''nature, the sky, ground, water, planets, etc.''  The stem vowel indicates whether the term applies to the sky, ground, water, etc.

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ M-R Core Words
|- valign=top
| '''mor'''....''universe''|| '''mom'''....''cosmos'' || '''mol'''....''nature''|| '''mop'''....''orbit'' ||'''moj'''....''evening''&lt;br&gt;'''mon'''....''darkness''||'''mof'''....''nebula''&lt;br&gt;'''mov'''....''smoke''||'''mok'''....''dark matter''&lt;br&gt;'''mog'''....''ash''||'''mob'''....''abyss''
|-
| '''mar'''....''star''&lt;br&gt;'''maar'''....''sun'' || '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''mal'''....''air''|| '''map'''....''wind'' || '''maj'''....''day''&lt;br&gt;'''man'''....''light''||'''maf'''....''cloud''&lt;br&gt;'''mav'''....''flame''||'''mak'''....''electricty''&lt;br&gt;'''mag'''....''fire''||
|-
| '''mer'''....''planet''&lt;br&gt;'''meir'''....''earth'' || '''mem'''....''land'' || '''mel'''....''soil''|| '''mep'''....''road'' || ||'''mef'''....''brick''&lt;br&gt;'''mev'''....''porcelain''&lt;br&gt;''' '''||'''mek'''....''dust''&lt;br&gt;'''meg'''....''rock''&lt;br&gt;'''mez'''....''gem''||'''meb'''....''mountain''
|-
| '''mir'''....''world'' || '''mim'''....''sea'' || '''mil'''....''water''||'''mip'''....''river''|| || || ||
|-
| '''mur'''....''satellite''&lt;br&gt;'''muar'''....''moon'' || '''mum'''....''underground'' || '''mul'''....''matter''||'''mup'''....''tunnel''|| ||  ||'''muk'''....''mineral''&lt;br&gt;'''mug'''....''metal''||'''mub'''....''cave, pit''
|}

: A few important derivations:

::* '''ma&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''sun''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&quot;number &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; star&quot;)
:::* '''maar&lt;u&gt;naap&lt;/u&gt;'''....''solar system''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(the &quot;sun &lt;u&gt;system&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
:::* '''maar&lt;u&gt;yap&lt;/u&gt;'''....''sunrise''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&quot;sun &lt;u&gt;rise&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
:::* '''maar&lt;u&gt;yop&lt;/u&gt;'''....''sunset''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&quot;sun &lt;u&gt;descent&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
:::* '''maar&lt;u&gt;nad&lt;/u&gt;'''....''sunbeam''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&quot;sun &lt;u&gt;line&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
:::* '''maar&lt;u&gt;map&lt;/u&gt;'''....''solar wind''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&quot;sun &lt;u&gt;wind&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
:::* '''maar&lt;u&gt;man&lt;/u&gt;'''....''sunlight''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&quot;sun &lt;u&gt;light&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
::* '''mu&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''moon''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;number &lt;u&gt;one&lt;/u&gt; satellite)
:::* '''muar&lt;u&gt;ned&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lunar surface''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;moon &lt;u&gt;surface&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
:::* '''muar&lt;u&gt;moyb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lunar crater''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;moon &lt;u&gt;depression&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
::* '''Me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;&lt;u&gt;third&lt;/u&gt; planet from the sun&quot;
:::* '''meir&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''geology''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;earth&lt;u&gt;science&lt;/u&gt;&quot;
:::* '''meir&lt;u&gt;zyunad&lt;/u&gt;'''....''earth's axis''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;earth &lt;u&gt;turn line&lt;/u&gt;&quot;
:::* '''meir&lt;u&gt;mop&lt;/u&gt;'''....''earth's orbit''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;earth's &lt;u&gt;orbit&lt;/u&gt;&quot;
::* '''mar&lt;u&gt;maf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''galaxy''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;star &lt;u&gt;cloud&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
:::* '''A&lt;u&gt;marmaf&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Milky Way''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;&lt;u&gt;number one&lt;/u&gt; galaxy, i.e. star cloud&quot;)
::* '''mar&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''constellation''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;&lt;u&gt;collection&lt;/u&gt; of stars&quot;)
::* '''mar&lt;u&gt;meg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''comet''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;star &lt;u&gt;rock&lt;/u&gt;&quot;)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;mom&lt;/u&gt;meg'''....''meteor''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;&lt;u&gt;space&lt;/u&gt; rock&quot;)
::* '''&lt;u&gt;mam&lt;/u&gt;meg'''....''meteorite''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (&quot;&lt;u&gt;sky&lt;/u&gt; rock&quot;)

: The following are vehicles and derivatives that are specific to one of the above physical spheres:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Vehicles Specific to Various Spheres
|-
| '''mompur'''....''spaceship'' || '''momper'''....''travel through space'' || '''momput'''....''cosmonaut, astronaut''
|-
| '''mampur'''....''airplane'' || '''mamper'''....''fly''|| '''mamput'''....''flyer, pilot''
|-
| '''mempur'''....''automobile'' || '''memper'''....''ride, drive''|| '''memput'''....''rider, driver''
|-
| '''mimpur'''....''ship''&lt;br&gt;'''obmimpar'''....''submarine'' || '''mimper'''....''sail, navigate''|| '''mimput'''....''sailor, navigator''&lt;br&gt;'''obmimput'''....''submariner''
|-
| '''mumpur'''....''subway'' || '''mumper'''....''tunnel, go by metro''|| '''mumput'''....''metro rider''
|}

: Note: '''marpur''' = ''starship'' and '''muarpur''' = ''lunar module''


=== Names of the Planets ===

: Here are the names of the planets in our solar system.  Notice that Earth is the &quot;third planet&quot; from the sun.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Planets
|-
! mer....planet
|-
| '''Me&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mercury''
|-
| '''Me&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Venus''
|-
| '''Me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Earth'' ('''i''' = ''three'')
|-
| '''Me&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Mars''
|-
| '''Me&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Jupiter''
|-
| '''Me&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Saturn''
|-
| '''Me&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Uranus''
|-
| '''Me&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''Pluto''
|}
=== Polar Directions ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Polar Directions
|-
! DIRECTIONS !! '''mer'''....''planet'' !! 
|-
| '''a'''....''up'' || '''amer'''....''north'' || '''amera'''....''northern''
|-
| '''o'''....''down'' || '''omer'''....''south'' || '''omera'''....''southern''
|-
| '''i'''....''right'' || '''imer'''....''east'' || '''imera'''....''eastern, oriental''
|-
| '''u'''....''left'' || '''umer'''....''west'' || '''umera'''....''western, occidental''
|}

: Compass points can be hybrids of the above:

::* '''&lt;u&gt;aomera&lt;/u&gt; izon'''....''&lt;u&gt;north-south&lt;/u&gt; direction''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;uimera&lt;/u&gt; domep'''....''&lt;u&gt;east-west&lt;/u&gt; street''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;aumera&lt;/u&gt; zyemep'''....''&lt;u&gt;northwest&lt;/u&gt; passage''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;oimera&lt;/u&gt; tez'''....''&lt;u&gt;southeast&lt;/u&gt; culture''

: Related terms:

::* '''amernod'''....''north pole'' ('''nod''' = ''point'')
::* '''omernod'''....''south pole''
::* '''aomernad'''....''longitude'' ('''ao''' = ''north-south'', '''nad''' = ''line'')
::* '''uimernad'''....''latitude''  ('''ui''' = ''east-west'')
::* '''emernad'''....''equator'' ('''e''' = ''middle'')
::* '''oybemernada'''....''tropical, Torrid'' ('''oyb''' = ''below'')
::* '''merzyun'''....''globe, sphere'' (''planet-ball'')
::* '''eymerzyun'''....''hemisphere'' (''half-planet-ball'')

: The same directional prefixes are used in the following words:

::* '''aonab'''....''column'' (''up-down row'', ''y-axis'')
::* '''uinab'''....''row'' (''left-right row'', ''x-axis'')
::* '''aonada'''....''vertical'' ) ('''nad''' = ''line'')
::* '''uinada'''....''horiztonal''

=== Types of Clouds===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Clouds
|-
! '''maf'''....''cloud''
|-
|    '''maaf'''....''stratus'' 
|-
|    '''maef'''....''nimbostratus''
|- 
|    '''maif'''....''cumulus'' 
|-
|    '''mauf'''....''cumulonimbus''
|- 
|    '''mayof'''....''stratocumulus'' 
|-
|    '''mayaf'''....''allocumulus'' 
|-
|    '''mayef'''....''allostratus''
|- 
|    '''mayif'''....''cirrocumulus''
|- 
|   '''mayuf'''....''cirrostratus''
|- 
|   '''malof'''....''cirrus'' 
|}

=== Types of Roads and Paths ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Roads
|-
| '''mep'''....''way, road, route''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zeymep'''....''bridge, crossing''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''aybmep'''....''overpass, bridge''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''oybmep'''....''underpass''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zyemep'''....''tunnel, throughway, thoroughfare  ''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''kumep'''....''side path''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zomep'''....''back way''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ebmep'''....''aisle''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tyoyamep'''....''sidewalk, walkway''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''omep'''....''impasse''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''gunmep'''....''dogleg''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''dinmep'''....''plot''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''pomep'''....''itinerary''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''eynmep'''....''half-way''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''homep?'''....''which way?''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yilpmep'''....''escape route''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yexmep'''....''career''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yuzmep'''....''circuit''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tyenmep'''....''career''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''puxmep'''....''trajectory''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vyamep'''....''right way''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vyomep'''....''wrong way''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''musmep'''....''stairway''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''izmep'''....''direct route, straight path, vector''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yebmep'''....''entryway, entrance''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''oyebmep'''....''exit, way out''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mummep'''....''subway''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mammep'''....''air route''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''elyamep'''....''railroad, railway''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mimmep'''....''sealane''
|-
|'''domep'''....''street''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''agdomep'''....''highway''&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''aagdomep'''....''main street''&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zyadomep'''....''broadway''&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''igdomep'''....''expressway''&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''uzmep'''....''byway, detour''&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yuzdomep'''....''beltway, loop''&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zyudomep'''....''roundabout, circle, rotary''&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ebdomep'''....''alley''&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''anizona domep'''....''one-way street''
|-
|'''meap'''....''avenue''
|-
|'''meep'''....''boulevard''
|-
|'''meip'''....''lane''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zimeip'''....''right lane''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zumeip'''....''left lane''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zemeip'''....''median, middle lane''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''anmeip'''....''single lane''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''enmeip'''....''double lane'' 
|-
|'''meup'''....''trail''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mebmeup'''....''mountain trail''
|-
|'''meyp'''....''path''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tyoyameyp'''....''footpath''
|}

=== Types of Stones, Gems, etc. ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Types of Stones
|-
! STONE !! GEM !! OTHER EARTH SUBSTANCES
|-
| '''meg''' .... stone || '''mez''' .... gem || '''mek''' .... dust
|-
| '''meag''' .... marble || '''amez''' .... diamond || '''miek''' .... sand
|-
| '''meeg''' ....slate || '''emez''' .... topaz || '''myek''' .... powder
|-
| '''meig''' ....gramote || '''imez''' .... ruby || '''mel''' .... soil
|-
| '''meug''' ....clay || '''vamez''' .... emerald || '''meil''' .... mud 
|-
| '''meyag''' ....chalk || '''yamez''' .... amethyst || '''megil''' .... cement
|-
| '''meyeg''' ....limestone || '''yomez''' .... sapphire || '''myel''' .... plastic
|-
| '''meyig''' ....alabaster || || '''mil''' .... water
|-
| '''meyog''' .... china || || '''mial''' .... vapor
|-
| '''meyug''' .... gypsum || || '''miil''' .... dew
|-
| '''melag''' .... adobe || || '''mimol''' .... salt
|-
| '''meleg''' .... terra cotta || || '''mamil''' .... rain
|-
| '''melig''' .... marl || || '''mal''' .... air
|-
| '''melug''' .... kaolin || || '''mayl''' .... gas
|-
| '''melyag''' .... feldspar || || '''magil''' .... petroleum
|-
| '''melyeg''' .... petunse || || '''mug''' .... metal
|-
| '''melyig''' .... silica || || '''muk''' .... mineral
|-
| '''melyog''' .... pegmatite || || '''mul''' .... matter
|-
| '''melyug''' .... flint || || '''mag''' .... fire
|-
| '''mieg''' .... coral || || '''mog''' .... ash
|-
| || || '''mav''' .... flame
|-
| || || '''mov''' .... smoke
|}

=== Thermal Conditions ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Thermal Conditions
|-
| '''am'''....''heat'' || '''ama''' .... hot || '''ayma''' ....''warm''
|-
| '''om'''....''cold'' || '''oma''' .... cold || '''oyma''' ....''cool''
|-
| '''im'''....''moisture'' || '''ima''' .... wet || '''iyma''' ....''humid''
|-
| '''um'''....''draught'' || '''uma''' .... dry || '''uyma''' ....''arid''
|-
| '''yom'''....''ice'' || '''yoma''' .... frozen || '''yoyma''' ....''chilly''
|-
| '''yam'''....''fire'' || '''yama''' .... burning || '''yayma'''....''fiery''
|}

: Note: '''aoma''' = ''lukewarm''.

=== Weather Phenomena ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Weather Phenomena
! '''maalbyen''' ....''weather'' (''atmosphere'' + ''mood'')
|-
| '''mamil''' ....''rain''
|-
| '''mamyom''' ....''sleet''
|-
| '''mamyoym''' ....''snow''
|-
| '''yoym''' ....''frost''
|-
| '''yom''' ....''ice''
|-
| '''mial''' ....''steam''
|-
| '''miil''' ....''dew''
|-
| '''maf''' ....''cloud''
|-
| '''miaf''' ....''fog''
|-
| '''mapil''' ....''storm'', ''windstorm''
|-
| '''xeusmapil''' ....''thunderstorm''
|-
| '''mapilag''' ....''tempest''
|-
| '''mimuzlun''' ....''hurricane''
|-
| '''imera mimuzlun''' ....''typhoon''
|-
| '''map''' ....''wind''&lt;br&gt;'''maap''' ....''puff''&lt;br&gt;'''maep''' ....''breeze''&lt;br&gt;'''maip''' ....''gust''&lt;br&gt;'''maup''' ....''gale''&lt;br&gt;'''mayop''' ....''typhoon''
|-
| '''mapuzlun''' ....''tornado'', ''twister'', ''cyclone''
|-
| '''mammanig  (or) mammak''' ....''lightning''
|-
| '''mamxeus''' ....''thunder''
|-
| '''mamiluz''' ....''rainbow''
|-
| '''jibim''' ....''monsoon''
|-
| '''graim''' ....''flood'', ''deluge''
|}

=== Atmospheric Layers ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Atmospheric Layers
|-
! '''mal''' ....''air''
|-
| '''maal''' ....''atmosphere''
|-
| '''mael''' ....''troposphere''
|-
| '''mail''' ....''stratosphere''
|-
| '''maul''' ....''ionosphere''
|-
| '''mayol''' ....''exosphere''
|}


=== Rivers and Streams  ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Rivers and Streams
|-
! '''mip''' ....''river''
|-
| '''miap''' ....''stream''
|-
| '''miep''' ....''brook''
|-
| '''miip''' ....''rivulet''
|-
| '''miup''' ....''tributary''
|-
| '''miyop''' ....''creek''
|-
| '''miyap''' ....''rill''
|-
| '''mipuj''' ....''estuary''
|-
| '''mipkum''' ....''river bank''
|}


=== Bodies of Water ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Bodies of Water
|-
! '''mim''' ....''sea''
|-
| '''mimag''' ....''ocean''
|-
| '''miam''' ....''lake''
|-
| '''miem''' ....''lagoon''
|-
| '''miim''' ....''pond''
|-
| '''mium''' ....''pool, basin''
|-
| '''miumog''' ....''puddle''
|-
| '''immem''' ....''swamp''
|-
| '''ebmim''' ....''strait''
|-
| '''zyomip''' ....''canal''
|}

=== Land Features ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Land Features
|- valign=top
! '''mem''' ....''land''
|-
| '''meam''' ....''region''&lt;br&gt;'''meem''' ....''territory''&lt;br&gt;'''meim''' ....''countryside''&lt;br&gt;'''meum''' ....''zone, district''&lt;br&gt;'''meyom''' ....''tract, parcel, acre''
|-
| '''meb''' ....''mountain''&lt;br&gt;'''meyb''' ....''mount''&lt;br&gt;'''meab''' ....''hill''&lt;br&gt;'''meeb''' ....''knob''&lt;br&gt;'''meib''' ....''mound''&lt;br&gt;'''meub''' ....''ridge''&lt;br&gt;'''meyob''' ....''bump''
|-
| '''mimeib'''  ... ''cape''
|-
| '''yabmimeib''' ....''promontory, headland, bluff''
|-
| '''zyimeb''' ....''plateau''
|-
| '''magmeb''' ....''volcano''
|-
| '''mub''' ....''chasm, precipice, cliff''&lt;br&gt;'''muab''' ....''gulf, gulch''&lt;br&gt;'''mueb''' ....''ravine, valley, dale''&lt;br&gt;'''muib''' ....''cave''&lt;br&gt;'''muyob''' ....''ditch''
|-
| '''mimuib''' ....''cove''
|-
| '''mimkum''' ....''beach, seaside, coast''
|-
| '''uzmimkum''' ....''bay''
|-
| '''zyimem''' ....''plain''
|-
| '''ummem''' ....''desert''
|-
| '''immem''' ....''wetland, swamp''
|-
| '''zomem''' ....''hinterland''
|-
| '''zyamem''' ....''prairie''
|-
| '''memsin''' ....''landscape''
|-
| '''yonmel''' ....''island''
|-
| '''eynyonmel''' ....''peninsula''
|-
| '''yanmel''' ....''continent''
|-
| '''zyoebmel''' ....''isthmus''
|-
| '''yijmem''' ....''field, meadow''
|}

=== Different Worlds===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Different Worlds
|-
! '''mir''' ....''world, realm, domain''
|-
| '''jomir'''....''here-after, after-world, metasphere''&lt;br&gt;'''fyajomir'''....''heaven, paradise''&lt;br&gt;'''ebjomir'''....''limbo''&lt;br&gt;'''zejomir'''....''purgatory''&lt;br&gt;'''fyojomir'''....''hell''
|-
| '''yizmir'''....''world beyond, spirit world''&lt;br&gt;'''yizmirat'''....''spirit, sprite''
|- 
| '''fyamir'''....''sacred world, paradise''&lt;br&gt;'''fyamirat'''....''angel''
|-
| '''fyomir'''....''wicked world, hell''&lt;br&gt;'''fyomirat'''....''demon''
|-
| '''obmir'''....''nether world''
|-
| '''komir'''....''secret realms'' 
|-
! '''Totmir'''....''Heaven''
|}

== The '''pot''' (''Animal'') Family==

: The stems of the words in this family begin with the letter '''p''', denoting ''movement'', and end in the letter '''t''', denoting a ''living creature''.  Thus, the words have to do with animals.  The ordinal vowel indicates the terrain: land, air, water, or a combination of these.  If the vowel is pre-y-glided, then the animal is wild or predatory.

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animal Core Words
|-
| AIR || '''pat'''....''bird''&lt;br&gt;'''pyat'''....''predatory bird''&lt;br&gt;'''piat'''....''aquatic bird''
|-
| LAND (WILD) || '''pot'''....''animal''&lt;br&gt;'''pyot'''....''predatory animal''&lt;br&gt;'''piot'''....''semi-aquatic''
|-
| LAND (DOMESTIC) || '''pet'''....''land animal''&lt;br&gt;'''pyet'''....''reptile''&lt;br&gt;'''pelt'''....''insect''&lt;br&gt;'''pelat'''....''flying insect''&lt;br&gt;'''piyet'''....''batrachian''&lt;br&gt;'''payet'''....''flying reptile''&lt;br&gt;'''peyet'''....''worm''
|-
| WATER || '''pit'''....''fish''&lt;br&gt;'''pyit'''....''predatory fish''&lt;br&gt;'''piit'''....''crustacean''&lt;br&gt;'''pyeit'''....''mollusk''&lt;br&gt;'''peit'''....''marine mammal''
|}

=== Chart of Principal Animals ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot; 
|+ Chart of Principal Animals
|-
! LAND&lt;br&gt;(WILD)!!LAND&lt;br&gt;(DOMESTIC)!!AIR!!WATER
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;
| '''pot'''....''WILD ANIMAL''&lt;br&gt;'''gapot'''....''elephant''&lt;br&gt;'''gepot'''....''rhinoceros''&lt;br&gt;'''gipot'''....''zebra''&lt;br&gt;'''kapot'''....''squirrel''&lt;br&gt;'''kepot'''....''polecat''&lt;br&gt;'''kipot'''....''badger''&lt;br&gt;'''kupot'''....''otter''&lt;br&gt;'''kyapot'''....''beaver''&lt;br&gt;'''kyepot'''....''ermine''&lt;br&gt;'''kyipot'''....''raccoon''&lt;br&gt;'''kyopot'''....''weasel''&lt;br&gt;'''kyupot'''....''ferret''&lt;br&gt;'''klapot'''....''rat''&lt;br&gt;'''sapot'''....''hedgehog''&lt;br&gt;'''sepot'''....''porcupine''&lt;br&gt;'''sipot'''....''mole''&lt;br&gt;'''supot'''....''skunk''&lt;br&gt;'''vapot'''....''hart''&lt;br&gt;'''vepot'''....''reindeer''&lt;br&gt;'''vipot'''....''deer''&lt;br&gt;'''vupot'''....''chamois''&lt;br&gt;'''vyapot'''....''antelope''&lt;br&gt;'''vyepot'''....''gazelle''&lt;br&gt;'''vyipot'''....''elk, moose''&lt;br&gt;'''vyupot'''....''buck''&lt;br&gt;'''yupot'''....''wild rabbit''&lt;br&gt;'''yuapot'''....''hare''&lt;br&gt;'''zapot'''....''tortoise''&lt;hr&gt;'''pyot'''....''PREDATORY ANIMAL''&lt;br&gt;'''apyot'''....''lion''&lt;br&gt;'''epyot'''....''tiger''&lt;br&gt;'''ipyot'''....''leopard''&lt;br&gt;'''iapyot'''....''jaguar''&lt;br&gt;'''iepyot'''....''puma''&lt;br&gt;'''iipyot'''....''panther''&lt;br&gt;'''iupyot'''....''lynx''&lt;br&gt;'''upyot'''....''wolf''&lt;br&gt;'''yopyot'''....''fox''&lt;br&gt;'''yapyot'''....''wild boar''&lt;br&gt;'''yepyot'''....''hyena''&lt;br&gt;'''yeapyot'''....''jackal''&lt;br&gt;'''bepyot'''....''bear''&lt;br&gt;'''dapyot'''....''kangaroo''&lt;br&gt;'''fapyot'''....''orangutan, ape''&lt;br&gt;'''fepyot'''....''monkey''&lt;br&gt;'''fipyot'''....''gorilla''&lt;br&gt;'''fupyot'''....''bonobo''&lt;br&gt;'''fyopyot'''....''chimpanzee''&lt;br&gt;'''fyapyot'''....''gibbon''&lt;br&gt;'''fyepyot'''....''lemur''&lt;br&gt;'''piot'''....''semi-aquatic''&lt;br&gt;'''gapiot'''....''hippopotamus''&lt;br&gt;'''zapiot'''....''turtle''
||'''pet'''....''DOMESTIC ANIMAL''&lt;br&gt;'''apet'''....''horse''&lt;br&gt;'''epet'''....''bull''&lt;br&gt;'''ipet'''....''ass''&lt;br&gt;'''upet'''....''ram''&lt;br&gt;'''yopet'''....''goat''&lt;br&gt;'''yapet'''....''hog''&lt;br&gt;'''yepet'''....''dog''&lt;br&gt;'''yipet'''....''cat''&lt;br&gt;'''yupet'''....''rabbit''&lt;br&gt;'''fapet'''....''camel''&lt;br&gt;'''fepet'''....''dromedary''&lt;br&gt;'''fipet'''....''giraffe''&lt;br&gt;'''lapet'''....''llama''&lt;br&gt;'''lepet'''....''yak''&lt;br&gt;'''klapet'''....''mouse''&lt;hr&gt;'''pyet'''....''REPTILE''&lt;br&gt;'''apyet'''....''lizard''&lt;br&gt;'''epyet'''....''caiman''&lt;br&gt;'''ipyet'''....''crocodile''&lt;br&gt;'''upyet'''....''aligator''&lt;br&gt;'''yopyet'''....''iguana''&lt;br&gt;'''fapyet'''....''grass snake''&lt;br&gt;'''fepyet'''....''slug''&lt;br&gt;'''fipyet'''....''leech''&lt;br&gt;'''kepyet'''....''gecko''&lt;br&gt;'''lopyet'''....''snake''&lt;br&gt;'''lapyet'''....''boa''&lt;br&gt;'''lepyet'''....''cobra''&lt;br&gt;'''lipyet'''....''viper''&lt;br&gt;'''vapyet'''....''snail''&lt;hr&gt;'''piyet'''....''BATRACHIAN''&lt;br&gt;'''apiyet'''....''toad''&lt;br&gt;'''epiyet'''....''frog''&lt;br&gt;'''ipiyet'''....''tree frog''&lt;hr&gt;'''payet'''....''FLYING REPTILE''&lt;br&gt;'''apayet'''....''bat''&lt;hr&gt;'''peyet'''....''WORM''&lt;br&gt;'''apeyet'''....''silkworm''&lt;br&gt;'''epeyet'''....''flatworm''&lt;br&gt;'''ipeyet'''....''tapeworm''&lt;br&gt;'''upeyet'''....''fluke''&lt;br&gt;'''bapeyet'''....''threadworm''&lt;br&gt;'''bepeyet'''....''roundworm''&lt;br&gt;'''bipeyet'''....''hookworm''&lt;br&gt;'''dapeyet'''....''earthworm''&lt;br&gt;'''depeyet'''....''bristle worm''&lt;hr&gt;'''pelt'''....''INSECT''&lt;br&gt;'''apelt'''....''spider''&lt;br&gt;'''fapelt'''....''ant''&lt;br&gt;'''fepelt'''....''cockroach''&lt;br&gt;'''fipelt'''....''termite''&lt;br&gt;'''gapelt'''....''weevil''&lt;br&gt;'''gepelt'''....''mite''&lt;br&gt;'''kapelt'''....''louse''&lt;br&gt;'''kepelt'''....''flea''&lt;br&gt;'''kipelt'''....''bug''&lt;br&gt;'''kopelt'''....''vermin''&lt;br&gt;'''kupelt'''....''earwig''&lt;br&gt;'''lapelt'''....''scorpion''&lt;br&gt;'''lepelt'''....''caterpillar''&lt;br&gt;'''lipelt'''....''lice''&lt;br&gt;'''lupelt'''....''bedbug''&lt;br&gt;'''rapelt'''....''centipede''&lt;br&gt;'''repelt'''....''millipede''
||'''pat'''....''BIRD''&lt;br&gt;'''apat'''....''cock''&lt;br&gt;'''epat'''....''duck''&lt;br&gt;'''ipat'''....''turkey''&lt;br&gt;'''upat'''....''goose''&lt;br&gt;'''yapat'''....''pigeon''&lt;br&gt;'''bapat'''....''thrush''&lt;br&gt;'''bepat'''....''warbler''&lt;br&gt;'''bipat'''....''sparrow''&lt;br&gt;'''dapat'''....''parrot''&lt;br&gt;'''depat'''....''parakeet''&lt;br&gt;'''fapat'''....''raven''&lt;br&gt;'''fepat'''....''crow''&lt;br&gt;'''gapat'''....''ostrich''&lt;br&gt;'''gepat'''....''peacock''&lt;br&gt;'''gipat'''....''peafowl''&lt;br&gt;'''fipat'''....''magpie''&lt;br&gt;'''kapat'''....''stork''&lt;br&gt;'''vapat'''....''nightingale''&lt;br&gt;'''vepat'''....''yellow canary''&lt;br&gt;'''vipat'''....''canary''&lt;br&gt;'''vupat'''....''chaffinch''&lt;br&gt;'''vyapat'''....''robin''&lt;br&gt;'''vyepat'''....''bluebird''&lt;br&gt;'''vyopat'''....''blackbird''&lt;br&gt;'''zapat'''....''swallow''&lt;br&gt;'''zepat'''....''swift''&lt;br&gt;'''sapat'''....''partridge''&lt;br&gt;'''sepat'''....''quail''&lt;br&gt;'''sipat'''....''woodcock''&lt;br&gt;'''supat'''....''lark''&lt;br&gt;'''syopat'''....''pheasant''&lt;br&gt;'''syapat'''....''black grouse''&lt;br&gt;'''syepat'''....''woodpecker''&lt;hr&gt;'''pyat'''....''BIRD OF PREY'' bird&lt;br&gt;'''apyat'''....''eagle''&lt;br&gt;'''epyat'''....''vulture''&lt;br&gt;'''ipyat'''....''kite''&lt;br&gt;'''upyat'''....''buzzard''&lt;br&gt;'''yopyat'''....''sparrowhawk''&lt;br&gt;'''yapyat'''....''falcon''&lt;br&gt;'''lapyat'''....''owl''&lt;br&gt;'''lepyat'''....''screech owl''&lt;hr&gt;'''pelat'''....''FLYING INSECT''&lt;br&gt;'''apelat'''....''bee''&lt;br&gt;'''epelat'''....''wasp''&lt;br&gt;'''ipelat'''....''horsefly, gadfly''&lt;br&gt;'''upelat'''....''fly''&lt;br&gt;'''yopelat'''....''mosquito''&lt;br&gt;'''yapelat'''....''gnat''&lt;br&gt;'''gapelat'''....''moth''&lt;br&gt;'''gopelat'''....''butterfly''&lt;br&gt;'''lapelat'''....''may bug''&lt;br&gt;'''lepelat'''....''beetle''&lt;br&gt;'''tapelat'''....''cicada''&lt;br&gt;'''tepelat'''....''cricket''&lt;br&gt;'''tipelat'''....''grasshopper''&lt;br&gt;'''topelat'''....''dragonfly''&lt;br&gt;'''tupelat'''....''firefly''&lt;br&gt;'''vapelat'''....''bumble bee''&lt;br&gt;'''vepelat'''....''sweat bee''&lt;br&gt;'''vipelat'''....''hornet''&lt;hr&gt;'''piat'''....''AQUATIC BIRD''&lt;br&gt;'''japiat'''....''cormorant''&lt;br&gt;'''jepiat'''....''gull''&lt;br&gt;'''kapiat'''....''heron''&lt;br&gt;'''kepiat'''....''crane''&lt;br&gt;'''kipiat'''....''flamingo''&lt;br&gt;'''sapiat'''....''swan''&lt;br&gt;'''tapiat'''....''penguin''
||'''pit'''....''FISH''&lt;br&gt;'''apit'''....''trout''&lt;br&gt;'''epit'''....''perch''&lt;br&gt;'''ipit'''....''pike''&lt;br&gt;'''upit'''....''carp''&lt;br&gt;'''yopit'''....''tench''&lt;br&gt;'''yapit'''....''gudgeon, stud''&lt;br&gt;'''yepit'''....''stickleback''&lt;br&gt;'''yipit'''....''whiting''&lt;br&gt;'''fapit'''....''shad''&lt;br&gt;'''fepit'''....''bluegill''&lt;br&gt;'''fipit'''....''catfish''&lt;br&gt;'''fupit'''....''bass''&lt;br&gt;'''gapit'''....''minnow''&lt;br&gt;'''gepit'''....''perch''&lt;br&gt;'''lapit'''....''ray, skate''&lt;br&gt;'''lepit'''....''turbot''&lt;br&gt;'''lipit'''....''salmon''&lt;br&gt;'''lupit'''....''sole''&lt;br&gt;'''sapit'''....''herring''&lt;br&gt;'''sepit'''....''barbel''&lt;br&gt;'''sipit'''....''anchovy''&lt;br&gt;'''supit'''....''gilt''-head, sea bream&lt;br&gt;'''syopit'''....''sardine''&lt;br&gt;'''syapit'''....''hake''&lt;br&gt;'''vapit'''....''eel''&lt;br&gt;'''vepit'''....''seahorse''
&lt;hr&gt;'''pyit'''....''PREDATOR SEA CREATURE''&lt;br&gt;'''ipyit'''....''sperm whale''&lt;br&gt;'''yapyit'''....''swordfish''&lt;br&gt;'''yepyit'''....''tuna''&lt;br&gt;'''yipyit'''....''sturgeon''&lt;br&gt;'''yupyit'''....''cod''&lt;br&gt;'''bapyit'''....''jellyfish''&lt;hr&gt;'''piit'''....''CRUSTACEAN''&lt;br&gt;'''apiit'''....''lobster''&lt;br&gt;'''epiit'''....''crayfish''&lt;br&gt;'''ipiit'''....''scampi''&lt;br&gt;'''upiit'''....''craw fish''&lt;br&gt;'''yopiit'''....''prawn''&lt;br&gt;'''yapiit'''....''shrimp''&lt;br&gt;'''lapiit'''....''crab''&lt;br&gt;'''lepiit'''....''squid''&lt;hr&gt;'''peit'''....''MARINE MAMMAL''&lt;br&gt;'''apeit'''....''whale''&lt;br&gt;'''epeit'''....''seal''&lt;br&gt;'''ipeit'''....''sea lion, otary''&lt;br&gt;'''upeit'''....''manatee''&lt;br&gt;'''yopeit'''....''walrus''&lt;br&gt;'''yapeit'''....''platypus''&lt;br&gt;'''yepeit'''....''dolphin''&lt;br&gt;'''yipeit'''....''vaquita''&lt;br&gt;'''bapeit'''....''shark''&lt;br&gt;'''bepeit'''....''dolphin''&lt;br&gt;'''bipeit'''....''porpoise''&lt;br&gt;'''bupeit'''....''otter''&lt;hr&gt;'''pyeit'''....''MOLLUSK''&lt;br&gt;'''apyeit'''....''oyster''&lt;br&gt;'''epyeit'''....''mussel''&lt;br&gt;'''ipyeit'''....''clam''&lt;br&gt;'''upyeit'''....''octopus''
|}
=== Animal Sounds ===

: The animal noise verbs are formed by replacing the final '''t''' of the animal's name to '''der''' (''communicate, utter''), as in the chart below.  If the noise is particularly &quot;noisy&quot;, the verb '''teuder''' (''scream'') can be used instead of '''der'''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animal Sounds
|-
! ANIMAL !! SOUND VERB
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' ||'''apeder'''....''neigh, whinny  ''
|-
| '''epet'''....''bull'' ||'''epeder'''....''bellow  ''
|-
| '''eopetob'''....''veal'' ||'''eopetoder'''....''bleat  ''
|-
| '''eopet'''....''ox''||'''eopeder'''....''low, moo, bellow  ''
|-
| '''epeyt'''....''cow''||'''epeyder'''....''moo  ''
|-
| '''ipet'''....''ass'' ||'''ipeder'''....''bray, hehaw  ''
|-
| '''lapet'''....''llama'' ||'''lapeder'''....''growl  ''
|-
| '''upet'''....''sheep'' ||'''upeder'''....''bleat  ''
|-
| '''yopet'''....''goat''||'''yopeder'''....''bray  ''
|-
| '''yapet'''....''hog''||'''yapeder'''....''grunt, snort, oink  ''
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' ||'''yepeder'''....''bark  '' ('''yepeteuder'''....''yelp'')
|-
| '''yepyot'''....''wolf'' ||'''yepyoder'''....''howl  ''
|-
| '''yopyot'''....''fox'' ||'''yopyoder'''....''yelp  ''
|-
| '''yipet'''....''cat'' ||'''yipeder'''....''mew, purr, meow  ''
|-
| '''yipyot'''....''tiger'' ||'''yipyoder'''....''growl  ''
|-
| '''yupet'''....''rabbit'' ||'''yupeder'''....''drum  ''
|-
| '''kapet'''....''squirrel'' ||'''kapeder'''....''squeak  ''
|-
| '''kyipet'''....''raccoon'' ||'''kyipeder'''....''chitter  ''
|-
| '''klapet'''....''mouse'' ||'''klapeder'''....''squeak  ''
|-
| '''eplet'''....''koala'' ||'''epleder'''....''wail  ''
|-
| '''apyot'''....''lion''||'''rapyoder'''....''roar  ''
|-
| '''yepyot'''....''hyena''||'''yepyoder'''....''laugh  ''
|-
| '''yeapyot'''....''jackal'' ||'''yeapyoder'''....''howl  ''
|-
| '''bapyot'''....''ape'' ||'''tapyoder'''....''gibber  ''
|-
| '''bepyot'''....''bear''||'''tepyoder'''....''growl  ''
|-
| '''gapot'''....''elephant''||'''gapeder'''....''trumpet  ''
|-
| '''vepot'''....''reindeer''||'''vepoder'''....''bellow  ''
|-
| '''vyipot'''....''moose'' ||'''vyipoder'''....''bellow  ''
|-
| '''fapet'''....''camel'' ||'''fapeder'''....''grunt  ''
|-
| '''fipet'''....''giraffe''||'''fipeder'''....''bleat  ''
|-
| '''kepyet'''....''gecko'' ||'''kepyeder'''....''go to-key, make a gecko noise  ''
|-
| '''lepyet'''....''cobra'' ||'''lepyeder'''....''hiss  ''
|-
| '''apayet'''....''bat''||'''apayeder'''....''screech  ''
|-
| '''epiyet'''....''frog''||'''epiyeder'''....''rivet, make a frog noise  ''
|-
| '''apelat'''....''bee'' ||'''apelader'''....''buzz  ''
|-
| '''lepelat'''....''beetle''||'''lepelader'''....''drone  ''
|-
| '''tepelat'''....''cricket'' ||'''tepelader'''....''chirp  ''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' ||'''pader'''....''chirp, tweet, coo, sing  ''
|-
| '''apat'''....''rooster'' ||'''apader'''....''crow, cockadoodle-doo  ''
|-
| '''apayt'''....''hen'' ||'''apayder'''....''cluck  ''
|-
| '''apatog'''....''chicken'' ||'''apatoder'''....''cheep  ''
|-
| '''epat'''....''duck''||'''epader'''....''quack  ''
|-
| '''ipat'''....''turkey''||'''ipader'''....''gobble  ''
|-
| '''yapat'''....''pigeon'' ||'''yapader'''....''coo  ''
|-
| '''apyat'''....''eagle'' ||'''apyader'''....''squawk  ''
|-
| '''epyat'''....''vulture''||'''epyader'''....''scream  ''
|-
| '''fapat'''....''raven''||'''fapader'''....''croak  ''
|-
| '''fepat'''....''crow''||'''fepader'''....''craw  ''
|-
| '''fipat'''....''chatter''||'''fipader'''....''chatter  ''
|-
| '''fupat'''....''hoot''||'''fupader'''....''hoot  ''
|-
| '''fyipat'''....''jay''||'''fyipader'''....''chatter  ''
|-
| '''gapat'''....''ostrich'' ||'''gapader'''....''bleep  ''
|-
| '''sapiat'''....''swan''||'''sapiader'''....''cry  ''
|-
| '''zapat'''....''swallow'' ||'''zapader'''....''squeal  ''
|-
| '''tapat'''....''parrot''||'''tapader'''....''parrot  ''
|-
| '''vapat'''....''nightingale'' ||'''vapader'''....''pipe  ''
|-
| '''fepat'''....''warbler'' ||'''fepader'''....''warble  ''
|-
| '''tapiat'''....''penguin''||'''tapiader'''....''honk  ''
|-
| '''yapeit'''....''platypus''||'''yapeider'''....''chitter  ''
|-
| '''yopeit'''....''walrus'' ||'''yopeider'''....''groan  ''
|-
| '''bipeit'''....''porpoise''||'''bipeider'''....''whistle  ''
|}

=== Animal Habitats ===

: By suffixing the final '''t''' of the animal name with '''tam'''....''house'', you get corresponding animal's living quarters:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animal Habitats
|-
! ANIMAL !! LIVING SPACE
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apetam'''....''stable''
|-
| '''epet'''....''ox'' || '''epetam'''....''cowshed''
|-
| '''yapet'''....''pig'' || '''yapetam'''....''pigpen, pigsty''
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yepetam'''....''doghouse''
|-
| '''apyot'''....''lion'' || '''apyotam'''....''den, lion&amp;apos;s den''
|-
| '''fapelt'''....''ant'' || '''fapeltam'''....''anthill''
|-
| '''apelat'''....''bee'' || '''apelatam'''....''beehive''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''patam'''....''nest, bird&amp;apos;s nest''
|-
| '''apat'''....''hen'' || '''apatam'''....''henhouse, chicken coop''
|-
| '''bepyot'''....''bear'' || '''bepyotam'''....''lair''
|-
| '''pyot'''....''wild animal'' || '''pyotam'''....''cage''
|}
=== Animal Meats ===

: By changing the final letter of the animal&amp;apos;s name to an '''l''', you get the meat eaten from that animal:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animal Meats
! ANIMAL !! MEAT
|-
| '''eopet'''....''ox'' || '''eopel'''....''beef''
|-
| '''vipet'''....''deer'' || '''vipel'''....''venison''
|-
| '''yapet'''....''hog'' || '''yapel'''....''pork''
|-
| '''yapetyoab'''....''hog's thigh'' || '''yapetyoal'''....''ham''
|-
| '''uopet'''....''sheep'' || '''uopel'''....''mutton''
|-
| '''eopetob'''....''calf'' || '''eopetol'''....''veal''
|-
| '''vapyet'''....''snail'' || '''vapyel'''....''escargot''
|}
=== Animal Groupings ===
: By adding '''yan'''....''aggregate'' or '''nyan'''....''crowd'' to the name of an animal, you get the animal grouping:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animal Groupings
! ANIMAL !! GROUPING
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''patyan'''....''flock''
|-
| '''eopet'''....''ox'' || '''eopetyan'''....''cattle''
|-
| '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''pityan'''....''school''
|-
| '''pelt'''....''insect'' || '''peltyan'''....''swarm''
|-
| '''apat'''....''cock'' || '''apatyan'''....''poultry''
|- 
| '''pot'''....''animal'' || '''potnyan'''....''herd''
|-
| '''yopet'''....''goat'' || '''yopetyan'''....''goatherd''
|}
=== Animals' Babies and Diminutives ===

: The baby of an animal ends in '''ud''', which is a stub suffix for '''tud'''....''offspring, child'':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animals&amp;apos; Babies
! ANIMAL !! BABY
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apetud'''....''foal''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''patud'''....''chick''
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apetud'''....''foal''
|-
| '''eopet'''....''ox'' || '''eopetud'''....''calf''
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yepetud'''....''pup''
|-
| '''yipet'''....''cat'' || '''yipetud'''....''kitten''
|-
| '''apat'''....''cock'' || '''apatud'''....''chick''
|- 
| '''apyat'''....''eagle'' || '''apyatud'''....''eaglet''
|-
| '''upat'''....''goose'' || '''upatud'''....''gosling''
|- 
| '''upet'''....''ram'' || '''upetud'''....''lamb''
|-
| '''yopet'''....''goat'' || '''yopetud'''....''kid''
|}

: To create an animal pet name, add the suffix '''if'''

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animal Pet Names
! ANIMAL !! PET
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yepetif'''....''puppy''
|-
| '''yipet'''....''cat'' || '''yipetif'''....''kitten''
|-
| '''apat'''....''cock'' || '''apatif'''....''chickadee''
|}

: Other size suffixes can be appended as well:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animal Diminutives and Augmentatives
! ANIMAL !! SIZE-VARIANT
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yepetog'''....''doggy''
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yepetayg'''....''cur''
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yepetag'''....''hound''
|-
| '''upetud'''....''lamb'' || '''upetotog'''....''lambkin''
|-
| '''yapet'''....''hog'' || '''yapetog'''....''piggy''
|}

=== Animal-derived Adjectives ===

: Here is a chart showing the adjectives used to refer to animals:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animal Adjectives
|-
! ANIMAL NOUN !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apeta'''....''equine''
|-
| '''eopet'''....''ox'' || '''eopeta'''....''bovine''
|-
| '''upet'''....''ram'' || '''upeta'''....''ovine''
|-
| '''yapet'''....''hog'' || '''yapeta'''....''porcine''
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yepeta'''....''canine''
|-
| '''yipet'''....''cat'' || '''yipeta'''....''feline''
|-
| '''upyot'''....''wolf'' || '''upyota'''....''lupine''
|-
| '''pyet'''....''reptile'' || '''pyeta'''....''reptilian''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''pata'''....''avian''
|}

: Various Other Words Derived from Animals:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Various Animal Derviations
|-
! ANIMAL NAME !! DERIVED WORD
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apetsim'''....''saddle''&lt;br&gt;'''apetyoyafut'''....''blacksmith''&lt;br&gt;'''apetyoyaper'''....''trot''&lt;br&gt;'''apetpar'''....''carriage''&lt;br&gt;'''apetapekam'''....''hippodrome''&lt;br&gt;'''fizapetaput'''....''knight''&lt;br&gt;'''dopapetaput'''....''mounted trooper''
|-
| '''apelat'''....''bee'' || '''apelatyel'''....''wax''&lt;br&gt;'''apelatil'''....''honey''&lt;br&gt;'''apelatam'''....''hive''&lt;br&gt;'''apelatyan'''....''swarm''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''patij'''....''egg''&lt;br&gt;'''patam'''....''nest''&lt;br&gt;'''patijber'''....''hatch''&lt;br&gt;'''patijsana'''....''oval''
|-
| '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''pitpexar'''....''lure''&lt;br&gt;'''pitgrunen'''....''angling''&lt;br&gt;'''pitpixut'''....''fisherman''&lt;br&gt;'''pittun'''....''ichthyology''&lt;br&gt;'''pitsana'''....''pisciform''&lt;br&gt;'''pituil'''....''fish sauce''&lt;br&gt;'''pitub'''....''fin''&lt;br&gt;'''pitaib'''....''fishbone''&lt;br&gt;'''piteab'''....''fisheye''&lt;br&gt;'''piteob'''....''jowl''&lt;br&gt;'''pitieb'''....''gill''&lt;br&gt;'''pitoyb'''....''mermaid''
|}

=== Animals' Hair ===

: The hair of an animal ends in '''tayeb'''....''hair'':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Animal Hair
! ANIMAL !! HAIR
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''patayeb'''....''feather''
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apetayeb'''....''horsehair, mane''
|-
| '''yipet'''....''cat'' || '''yipetayeb'''....''fur''
|-
| '''fapet'''....''camel'' || '''fapetayeb'''....''camelhair''
|-
| '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''pitayeb'''....''scale''
|-
| '''upat'''....''goose'' || '''upatayeb'''....''down, goose down''
|- 
| '''bepyot'''....''bear'' || '''bepyotayeb'''....''fuzz''
|-
| '''uopet'''....''sheep'' || '''uopetayeb'''....''wool, fleece''
|}

=== Gendered Counterparts of Animals ===

: The word for the female counterpart of an animal is created by post-y-glided (i.e. adding a '''y''' to) the ordinal (last) vowel of the male animal's adult name:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Female Counterparts of Animals
! ANIMAL !! FEMALE
|-
| '''epet'''....''ox'' || '''epeyt'''....''cow''
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apeyt'''....''mare''
|-
| '''ipet'''....''ass'' || '''ipeyt'''....''she-ass''
|-
| '''yopet'''....''goat'' || '''yopeyt'''....''nanny goat''
|-
| '''yapet'''....''hog'' || '''yapeyt'''....''sow''
|-
| '''yepet'''....''dog'' || '''yepeyt'''....''bitch''
|-
| '''apyot'''....''lion'' || '''apyoyt'''....''lioness''
|- 
| '''upyot'''....''wolf'' || '''upyoyt'''....''wolverine''
|-
| '''yopyot'''....''fox'' || '''yopyoyt'''....''vixen''
|-
| '''gapot'''....''elephant'' || '''gapoyt'''....''cow elephant''
|-
| '''vipot'''....''buck'' || '''vipeyt'''....''deer''
|-
| '''apat'''....''cock'' || '''apayt'''....''hen''
|-
| '''yupet'''....''rabbit'' || '''yupeyt'''....''doe rabbit''
|-
| '''upet'''....''ram'' || '''upeyt'''....''ewe''
|}

: To form the male-specific gender of an animal, place a '''w''' before the ordinal vowel:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Male Counterparts of Animals
! ANIMAL !! MALE
|-
| '''epet'''....''ox'' || '''epwet'''....''bull''
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apwet'''....''stallion''
|-
| '''apet'''....''cock'' || '''apwet'''....''rooster''
|-
| '''yupet'''....''rabbit'' || '''yupwet'''....''buck rabbit''
|-
| '''ipet'''....''ass'' || '''ipwet'''....''(he-)mule''
|-
| '''bepyot'''....''bear'' || '''bepyowt&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;'''....''papa bear''
|}
: &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; If the animal name ends in '''-pyot''', '''-pyat''', '''-pyit''', or '''pyet''', post-w-glide the final vowel.

: To form the gelded or neutered form of an animal, place an '''o''' before the '''p''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Gelded Counterparts of Animals
! ANIMAL !! MALE
|-
| '''epet'''....''bovine'' || '''eopet'''....''steer''
|-
| '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''aopet'''....''gelding''
|-
| '''upet'''....''ram'' || '''uopet'''....''sheep''
|}

=== Interesting Parallels in Animal Vocabulary ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Parallels in Animal Vocabulary
|-
| '''teub'''....''mouth'' || '''pateub'''....''beak, bill'' || '''poteub'''....''mug'' || '''mimeub'''....''bay'' || || ||
|-
| '''teib'''....''nose'' || '''poteib'''....''snout'' || '''gapeteib'''....''elephant trunk'' || '''meib'''....''promontory'' || '''tilabeib'''....''nipple'' || '''fapemeib'''....''camel hump''|| '''seib'''....''marquee, ledge''
|-
| '''tayeb'''....''hair'' || '''patayeb'''....''feather'' || '''pitayeb'''....''scale'' || '''petayeb'''....''fur'' || '''fayeb'''....''leaf'' || '''vosayeb'''....''petal'' || '''uopetayeb'''....''wool, fleece'' 
|-
| '''tulob'''....''nail'' || '''patulob'''....''claw'' || '''apelatulob'''....''stinger'' || '''defulob'''....''pine needle'' || '''fulob'''....''prick'' || '''vulob'''....''thorn'' || '''yomulob'''....''icicle''
|-
| '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''apetyoyab'''....''hoof'' || '''potyoyab'''....''paw'' || '''meboyab'''....''foothills'' || '''fyoyab'''....''stump'' || '''vyoyab'''....''stub''||
|-
| '''tayob'''....''skin'' || '''potayob'''....''hide'' || '''piitayob'''....''shell'' || '''mayob'''....''crust'' || '''fayob'''....''bark'' || '''vayob'''....''peel''|| '''patijayob'''....''eggshell''
|-
| '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''patub'''....''wing'' || '''pitub'''....''fin'' || '''potub'''....''paw'' || '''mapatub'''....''fan'' || '''zyupatub'''....''propeller'' ||
|}

== The '''fob''' (''Vegetation''), '''vob''' (''Crop''), and '''vol''' (''Vegetable'') Family ==

: The stems of the words in this family begin with '''f''' for ''vegetation'' or '''v''' for ''plant'' and end in '''b''' for ''organism''.  These words have to do with trees, fruits, nuts, vegetables, plants, grasses, and grains, as shown in this chart:
=== Vegetation and Plant Parts ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Vegetation and Plant Parts
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;
! VEGETATION !! PLANT !! VEGETABLE
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;
| '''fob'''....''vegetation'' || style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot; |'''vob'''....''plant'' || style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot; |'''vol'''...''vegetable''
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;
|'''fab'''....''tree''&lt;br&gt;'''fabyan'''....''forest''&lt;br&gt;'''fabyanes'''....''woods''&lt;br&gt;'''fayb'''....''shrub, vine''&lt;br&gt;'''faybes'''....''bush''&lt;br&gt;'''faybyan'''....''thicket''&lt;br&gt;'''faybyanes'''....''brush'' || '''vab'''....''grass'' ||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;
| '''feb'''....''fruit, nut''&lt;br&gt;'''feyb'''....''berry'' || style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot; |'''veb'''....''tuft, ear''&lt;br&gt;'''veeb'''....''seed''&lt;br&gt;'''veeyb'''....''grain''|| style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot; |'''veel'''....''legume''
|-
| '''fib'''....''trunk'' || '''vib'''....''stem''||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;
| '''fub'''....''branch'' || style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;|'''vub'''....''twig''&lt;br&gt;'''vulob'''....''thorn''||
|-
| '''faob'''....''wood'' || '''vaob'''....''flesh''||
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;
| '''fayeb'''....''leaf''&lt;br&gt;'''fayebyan'''....''foliage'' || style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;|'''vayeb'''....''bud''|| 
|-
| '''fayob'''....''bark'' || '''vayob'''....''rind''||
|-
| '''fyob'''....''root'' || '''vyob'''....''tendril''||
|}

=== Trees and Fruits ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Trees/Bushes/Vines and Their Fruits/Nuts/Berries
|-
! TREE !! FRUIT/NUT !! JUICE
|-
| '''fab'''....''tree'' || '''feb'''...''fruit'' || '''fel'''....''fruit juice''
|-
| '''afab'''....''apple tree'' || '''afeb'''....''apple''|| '''afel'''....''apple juice''
|-
| '''efab'''....''pear tree'' || '''efeb'''....''pear''|| '''efel'''....''pear juice''
|-
| '''ifab'''....''cherry tree'' || '''ifeb'''....''cherry''|| '''ifel'''....''cherry juice''
|-
| '''ufab'''....''prune tree'' || '''ufeb'''....''prune''|| '''ufel'''....''prune juice''
|-
| '''yofab'''....''apricot tree'' || '''yofeb'''....''apricot''|| '''yofel'''....''apricot juice''
|-
| '''yafab'''....''peach tree'' || '''yafeb'''....''peach''|| '''yafel'''....''peach juice''
|-
| '''yefab'''....''quince tree'' || '''yefeb'''....''quince''||
|-
| '''yifab'''....''walnut tree'' || '''yifeb'''....''walnut''|| 
|-
| '''yufab'''....''hazel tree'' || '''yufeb'''....''hazel nut'' ||
|-
| '''alofab'''....''mulberry tree'' || '''alofeb'''....''mulberry'' ||
|-
| '''dofab'''....''evergreen tree'' || '''dofeb'''....''cone''||
|-
| '''dafab'''....''fir tree'' || '''dafeb'''....''fir cone''||
|-
| '''defab'''....''pine tree'' || '''defeb'''....''pine cone''||
|-
| '''difab'''....''yew'' || '''difeb'''....''aril''||
|-
| '''dyofab'''....''cacao tree'' ||'''dyofeb'''....''cacao, cocoa bean''||'''dyofel'''....''chocolate''
|-
| '''dyafab'''....''cedar tree'' || '''dyafeb'''....''pollen cone''||
|-
| '''fafab'''....''palm tree'' || '''fafeb'''....''drupe''||
|-
| '''fefab'''....''date tree'' || '''fefeb'''....''date''||
|-
| '''fifab'''....''banana tree'' || '''fifeb'''....''banana''|| '''fifel'''....''banana juice''
|-
| '''fufab'''....''coconut tree'' || '''fufeb'''....''coconut''|| '''fufel'''....''coconut juice''
|-
| '''fyofab'''....''pomegranate tree'' || '''fyofeb'''....''pomegranate''|| '''fyofel'''....''pomegranate juice''
|-
| '''fyafab'''....''fig tree'' || '''fyafeb'''....''fig''|| '''fyafel'''....''fig juice''
|-
| '''kafab'''....''olive tree'' || '''kafeb'''....''olive''|| '''kafyel'''....''olive oil''
|-
| '''lofab'''....''citrus tree'' || '''lofeb'''....''citrus fruit'' || '''lofel'''....''citrus juice''
|- 
| '''lafab'''....''orange tree'' || '''lafeb'''....''orange''|| '''lafel'''....''orange juice''
|-
| '''lefab'''....''mandarine tree'' || '''lefeb'''....''mandarin''|| '''lefel'''....''mandarine juice''
|-
| '''lifab'''....''lemon tree'' || '''lifeb'''....''lemon''|| '''lifel'''....''lemon juice''
|-
| '''lufab'''....''grapefruit tree'' || '''lufeb'''....''grapefruit''|| '''afel'''....''grapefruit juice''
|-
| '''lyofob'''....''lime plant'' || '''lyofeb'''....''lime''|| '''lyofel'''....''lime juice''
|-
| '''rafab'''....''oak tree'' || '''rafeb'''....''acorn''||
|-
| '''refab'''....''beech tree'' || '''refeb'''....''beechnut''|| 
|-
| '''rifab'''....''chestnut tree'' || '''rifeb'''....''chestnut''||
|-
| '''rufab'''....''plane tree'' || ||
|-
| '''ryofab'''....''poplar tree'' ||'''ryofeb'''....''catlin'' ||
|-
| '''ryafab'''....''birch tree'' || '''ryafeb'''....''calyx'' ||
|-
| '''ryefab'''....''acacia tree'' || || 
|-
| '''ryifab'''....''sweet chestnut tree'' || '''ryifeb'''....''sweet chestnut''||
|-
| '''ryufab'''....''willow tree'' || ||
|-
| '''ryuafab'''....''weeping willow tree'' || ||
|-
| '''ralofab'''....''elm tree'' || ||
|-
| '''ralafab'''....''linden tree'' || ||
|-
| '''ralefab'''....''maple tree'' || || '''ralefyel'''....''maple syrup''
|-
| '''ralifab'''....''sycamore tree'' || ||
|-
| '''ralufab'''....''almond tree'' || '''ralufeb'''....''almond'' ||
|-
| '''ralyofab'''....''cashew tree'' || '''ralyofeb'''....''cashew'' ||
|-
! BUSH/VINE !! BERRY/BEAN !! JUICE
|-
| '''afayb'''....''tea'' || '''afayeb'''....''tea leaf''|| '''afayel'''....''tea''
|-
| '''efayb'''....''coffee plant'' || '''efeyb'''....''coffee bean''|| '''efeyl'''....''coffee''
|-
| '''ifayb'''....''blackcurrant bush'' || '''ifeyb'''....''blackcurrant'' || '''ifeyl'''....''cassis''
|-
| '''ufayb'''....''strawberry bush'' || '''ufeyb'''....''strawberry'' || '''ufeyl'''....''strawberry juice''
|-
| '''ifayb'''....''blackcurrant bush'' || '''ifeyb'''....''blackcurrant'' || '''ifeyl'''....''cassis''
|-
| '''sifayb'''....''pepper vine'' || '''sifeyb'''....''peppercorn''||'''sifol'''....''pepper''
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;
| '''vafayb'''....''grapevine'' || style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;|'''vafeyb'''....''grape''|| style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;|'''vafeyl'''....''grape juice''&lt;br&gt;'''vafil'''....''wine''&lt;br&gt;'''vafyel'''....''grape jelly''
|-
| || style=&quot;vertical-align: top&quot;|'''vefayeb'''....''ivy (leaf)'' ||
|-
| '''vifayb'''....''red current bush'' || '''vifeyb'''....''red current'' || '''vifeyl'''....''red current juice''
|-
| '''vufayb'''....''blackberry vine'' || '''vufeyb'''....''blackberry'' || '''vufyeyl'''....''blackberry jam''
|}

=== Crops ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Crops
|-
! CROP !! DERIVATIVES
|-
| '''ovob'''....''cereal'' || '''ovul'''....''gruel, meal''
|-
| '''avob'''....''wheat'' || '''avul'''....''bread''&lt;br&gt;'''leavul'''....''pasta''
|-
| '''evob'''....''rye'' ||
|-
| '''ivob'''....''barley'' ||
|-
| '''uvob'''....''buckwheat'' ||
|-
| '''yovob'''....''millet'' ||
|-
| '''yavob'''....''hop'' || '''yavil'''....''beer''
|-
| '''yevob'''....''rape seed, colza'' ||
|-
| '''yivob'''....''rice'' || '''yivil'''....''sake''
|-
| '''yuvob'''....''oat'' || '''yuvyeil'''....''oatmeal''
|-
| '''favob'''....''cotton'' ||
|-
| '''fevob'''....''flax, linen'' ||
|-
| '''fivob'''....''hemp'' || '''fivof'''....''hemp''
|-
| '''fuvob'''....''jute, canvas'' || '''fuvof'''....''canvas''
|-
| '''gavob'''....''sunflower'' ||
|-
| '''gevob'''....''corn, maize'' || '''gevobyeil'''....''corn pudding''
|-
| '''givob'''....''tobacco'' || '''givobil'''....''nicotine''
|-
| '''guvob'''....''brome grass''||
|-
| '''lavob'''....''bamboo''||
|-
| '''levob'''....''sugarcane''|| '''level'''....''sugar''
|-
| '''livob'''....''lemongrass''||
|-
| '''luvob'''....''reed, thatch''|| '''luvobwa'''....''thatched''
|-
| '''pavob'''....''sorghum'' ||
|-
| '''savob'''....''fern, mushroom''||
|-
| '''sevob'''....''thistle''||
|-
| '''sivob'''....''nettle''||
|-
| '''zavob'''....''strawberry'' ||
|-
| '''zevob'''....''basil''||
|-
| '''zivob'''....''thyme''||
|-
| '''zuvob'''....''rosemary''||
|}
=== Vegetables ('''vol''') ===
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Vegetables and Legumes
|-
| '''vol'''....''vegetable''
|-
| '''avol'''....''green bean''
|-
| '''ivol'''....''pea''
|-
| '''uvol'''....''wax bean''
|-
| '''bavol'''....''tomato''
|-
| '''bevol'''....''eggplant''
|-
| '''bivol'''....''gourde''
|-
| '''buvol'''....''cucumber''
|-
| '''byovol'''....''gerkin''
|-
| '''byavol'''....''artichoke''
|-
| '''favol'''....''leek''
|-
| '''fevol'''....''onion''
|-
| '''fivol'''....''shallot''
|-
| '''fuvol'''....''garlic''
|-
| '''gavol'''....''pumpkin''
|-
| '''gevol'''....''melon''
|-
| '''givol'''....''watermelon''
|-
| '''lavol'''....''potato''
|-
| '''levol'''....''beet''
|-
| '''livol'''....''radish''
|-
| '''luvol'''....''carrot''
|-
| '''lyovol'''....''turnip''
|-
| '''lyavol'''....''Jerusalem artichoke''
|-
| '''lyevol'''....''rutabaga''
|-
| '''povol'''....''leafy vegetable, greens''
|-
| '''pavol'''....''cabbage''
|-
| '''pevol'''....''cauliflower''
|-
| '''pivol'''....''kale''
|-
| '''puvol'''....''lettuce''
|-
| '''pyovol'''....''spinach''
|-
| '''pyavol'''....''sorrel''
|-
| '''pyevol'''....''dandelion''
|-
| '''pyivol'''....''chicory, endive''
|-
| '''pyuvol'''....''watercress''
|-
| '''palavol'''....''collard greens''
|-
| '''palevol'''....''mustard greens''
|-
| '''palivol'''....''spring greens''
|-
| '''zavol'''....''parsley''
|-
| '''zevol'''....''basil''
|-
| '''zivol'''....''thyme''
|-
| '''zuvol'''....''rosemary''
|}

=== Legumes and Dry Seeds ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Legumes and Dry Seeds
!  LEGUME/DRY SEED
|-
| '''veel'''....''legume, pulse''
|-
| '''eveel'''....''lentil''
|-
| '''iveel'''....''garden pea''
|-
| '''uveel'''....''protein pea''
|-
| '''yuveel'''....''dried bean''
|-
| '''yoveel'''....''chickpea, garbanzo''
|-
| '''kaveel'''....''peanut''
|-
| '''keveel'''....''soybean''
|-
| '''kiveel'''....''lupin''
|-
| '''kuveel'''....''carob''
|-
| '''kyoveel'''....''tamarind''
|-
| '''kyaveel'''....''alfalfa''
|-
| '''kyeveel'''....''clover''
|-
| '''raveel'''....''kidney bean''
|-
| '''reveel'''....''navy been''
|-
| '''riveel'''....''pinto bean''
|-
| '''ruveel'''....''haricot bean''
|-
| '''ryoveel'''....''lima bean, butter bean''
|-
| '''saveel'''....''horse bean''
|-
| '''seveel'''....''broad bean''
|-
| '''siveel'''....''field bean''
|-
| '''suveel'''....''black-eyed pea''
|-
| '''syoveel'''....''vetch''
|-
| '''zaveel'''....''hyacinthe bean''
|-
| '''zeveel'''....''jack bean''
|-
| '''ziveel'''....''winged bean''
|-
| '''zuveel'''....''velvet bean, cowitch''
|-
| '''vyoveel'''....''yam bean''
|}

== The '''vos''' (''Flower''), and '''volz''' (''Color'' Family==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Flowers and Colors
|-
| '''vos'''....''flower''
|-
| '''volz'''....''color''
|-
| '''voylz'''....''tint, shade, hue''
|}
=== Flower Parts ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Flower Parts
|-
! FLOWER PART
|-
| '''vos'''....''flower''
|-
| '''vosayob'''....''sepal''
|-
| '''vosayeb'''....''petal''
|-
| '''vosib'''....''receptacle''
|-
| '''veeybpexus'''....''stigma''
|-
| '''vosij'''....''bud, flower bud''
|-
| '''tooygon'''....''pistil''
|-
| '''veeybyan'''....''pollen''
|-
| '''twoogon'''....''stamen''
|-
| '''twoogonyif'''....''filament''
|-
| '''veeybyem'''....''anther''
|-
| '''vosyob'''....''peduncle''
|}

=== Flower Words ===
:* '''vosa'''....''floral''
:* '''vosyan'''....''flora''
:* '''vosog'''....''floret''
:* '''vosut, vosnamut'''....''florist''
:* '''vosnam'''....''florist shop''
:* '''vostyen'''....''floristry''
:* '''vosyem'''....''flower bed''
:* '''vosdeym'''....''flower garden''
:* '''vosyeb'''....''flower pot''
:* '''voseeyber'''....''pollinate''
:* '''voser'''....''bloom, blossom''
:* '''vosea'''....''florescent, abloom''
:* '''vosber'''....''deck out with flowers, put down flowers''
:* '''vosier'''....''flourish, flower''
:* '''vosuer'''....''cause to flourish''
:* '''vosij'''....''flower bud, bloom''
:* '''vosnyan'''....''bouquet''
:* '''vostebuz'''....''wreath''
:* '''vosyena'''....''florid''
:* '''vosika'''....''flowery''
:* '''vosyel'''....''attar''
:* '''vosyex'''....''horticulture''
:* '''vosmelyex'''....''floriculture''
=== Types of Flowers ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Types of Flowers
|-
! FLOWER
|-
| '''vos'''....''flower''
|-
| '''avos'''....''lily''
|-
| '''evos'''....''narcissus''
|-
| '''ivos'''....''poppy''
|-
| '''uvos'''....''rose''
|-
| '''yovos'''....''cornflower, blueberry''
|-
| '''yavos'''....''hydrangea''
|-
| '''yevos'''....''lilac''
|-
| '''yivos'''....''violet''
|-
| '''yuvos'''....''carnation''&lt;br&gt;'''Hinda yuvos'''....''French marigold''
|-
| '''lovos'''....''daisy, marguerite''
|-
| '''lavos'''....''lily of the valley''&lt;br&gt;'''elavos'''....''iris''
|-
| '''levos'''....''jonquil''&lt;br&gt;'''elevos'''....''primrose''
|-
| '''livos'''....''geranium''&lt;br&gt;'''elivos'''....''chrysanthemum''
|-
| '''luvos'''....''forget-me-not''
|-
| '''lyovos'''....''hyacinth''
|-
| '''lyavos'''....''tulip''
|-
| '''lyevos'''....''dahlia''
|-
| '''lyivos'''....''pansy''
|}


=== Colors ===
: The word for ''color'' in Mirad is '''volz''', which is mnemonically related to the word for ''flower'' ('''vos''').  The diminutive of ''color'' is '''voylz''', meaning ''tint, shade, hue''.

: The names of common color adjectives in Mirad are based pretty much on a scale relating to the natural spectrum, with the first part of the word being the a number representing the spectrum order and the last half being the stub '''-lza'''.  The last historically-defined divisions of the spectrum are called ''indigo'' and ''violet'', but even scientists themselves admit that the human eye does not distinguish these shades very well, and so Mirad divides the last two as ''purple'' and ''pink'' for convenience. 
:: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Basic Color Words
|-
! 1 - RED !!2 - ORANGE !!3 - YELLOW !!4 - GREEN !! 5 - BLUE !! 6 - PURPLE !! 7 - PINK
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#d30000&quot; | &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;||bgcolor=&quot;#fc6600&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#fff200&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#3bb143&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#0018f9&quot;|  || bgcolor=&quot;#b200ed&quot;| || bgcolor=&quot;#fc0fc0&quot;|
|-
| '''alza''' || '''elza''' || '''ilza''' || '''ulza''' || '''yolza''' || '''yalza''' || '''yelza'''
|}
: There are four other basic colors:
:: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Other Basic Color Words
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; || '''malza'''....''white'' ||(Associated with '''man''' (''light'')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#7c4700&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;|| '''melza'''....''brown'' ||(Associated with '''mel''' (''soil'')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#222021&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;||'''molza'''....''black'' ||(Associated with '''mon''' (''dark'')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#828282&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;||'''maolza'''....''gray'' ||(A blend of '''malza''' and '''molza''')
|}
: Plus:
::* '''olza'''....''of no color, blank, clear''
: All other colors are formed by prefixing a word or mnemonic word stub (usually flowers or fruits) to the basic color.  For example:
::* '''rafafulza'''....''lime green'' from '''rafaf(eb)'''....''lime fruit'' + '''ulza'''....''green''
::* '''mim yalza'''....''aquamarine'' from '''mim'''....''sea'' + '''yalza'''....''blue''
::* '''lifilza'''....''lemon yellow'' from '''lif(eb)'''....''lemon'' + '''ilza'''....''yellow''
: Shaded variants of color terms can be achieved in the following manner:
::# A &quot;light&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''ylza''':  '''uylza'''....''light green''
::# A &quot;-ish&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''lzyena''': '''ulzyena'''....''greenish''
::# A &quot;bright&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''lzayna''': '''ulzayna'''....''bright green''
::# A &quot;dark&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''lzoyna''': '''ulzoyna'''....''dark green''
: Some in-between colors can be created by mixing the ordinal vowel:
::* '''maolza'''....''gray'' from '''malza'''....''white'' and '''molza'''....''black''
::* '''yaulza'''....''blue-green, cyan'' from '''yalza'''....''blue'' and '''ulza'''....''green''
::* '''maelza'''....''beige'' from '''malza'''....''white'' and '''melza'''....''brown''
: Colors can be made into nouns by dropping the adjectival suffix '''-a''':
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ulz&lt;/u&gt; se via voz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Green&lt;/u&gt; is a beautiful color.''
::* '''At gafe &lt;u&gt;yalzayn&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I prefer &lt;u&gt;dark blue&lt;/u&gt;.''
: Colors can also be used to form verbs:
::* '''Iyta teobi &lt;u&gt;alzasa&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Her cheeks &lt;u&gt;turned red&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se fia &lt;u&gt;teubip malzaxus&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a good &lt;u&gt;teeth whitener&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Eta teubipi &lt;u&gt;ilzaseye&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Your teeth are &lt;u&gt;yellowing&lt;/u&gt;.''

=== Rarely Used Colors ===
: The more exotic or rare colors can be expressed by the RAL number / 10 in the [[w:List_of_RAL_colors|Wikipedia Chart of RAL Colors]] expressed in Mirad + '''-lz'''.  For example, the color ''golden yellow'' has the RAL number 1004.  Divided by 10 yields the number 104 ('''ase''', in Mirad), thus, the color is named '''aselz'''.  The adjectival form of this color is '''aselza'''.  One advantage of this system is that the colors are grouped by nine classic colors represented by the thousands unit, then subdivided by up to 999 shades of those classic colors, although in practice, the number of shades belonging to each classic color is under 40.  For that reason, the thousands unit is reduced to a hundreds unit in the formation of Mirad color names.
=== Skin colors ===
: When a color refers specifically to skin tone, the prefix '''tayo(b)-''' is used. The final '''-b''' of '''tayob''' is dropped before a consonant.  The word for ''skin-color'' itself is '''tayovolz'''.  Thus:
::* '''(tayo-)molzat'''....''black(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayo-)malzat'''....''white(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayo-)melzat'''....''brown(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)omalzat'''....''non-white(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)omolzat'''....''non-black(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)omelzat'''....''non-brown(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)eymolzat'''....''half-black(skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)eymalzat'''....''half-white(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayo-)maolzat'''....''mulatto, mixed-skinned person''
::* '''(tayob)olzat'''....''albino''
::* '''hyetayovolza'''....''of any skin-tone''
::* '''hyatayovolzati'''....''people of all colors''
::* '''Iyt se duhatayovolza?'''....''What skin color is she?''

=== Hair Colors ===
: Hair colors are produced by suffixing the color to the word for hair, '''tayeb'''.  The final '''-b''' of '''tayeb''' is dropped before a consonant (other than y). The word for ''hair color'' is '''tayevolz'''.
::* '''tayebalza'''....''red-headed, auburn''
::** '''tayebalzayt'''....''an auburn female''
::* '''tayemolza'''....''brunette''
::* '''tayemelza'''....''brown-haired''
::* '''tayebiylza'''....''blond''
::* '''tayemaolza'''....''gray, gray-haired''
:::* '''It gwa tayemaolzaso.'''....''He will go gray early.''
=== Eye Colors ===
: Eye colors are expressed by the prefix '''tea(b)''' followed by the color.  The word for ''eye color'' is '''teavolv'''.  Examples:
::* '''teabyolza'''....''blue-eyed''
::* '''teabulza'''....''green-eyed''
::* '''teamelza'''....''brown-eyed''
:::* '''teamelzat'''....''brown-eyed person''
::* '''teamolz'''....''a black eye''
::* '''teamalz'''....''the white of the eye''

== The '''tuz''' (''Art'') Family==

: This family includes words having to do with the arts, such as theater, sculpture, music, poetry, etc.  Word stems ending in '''-z''' refer to something that is precious or artful.  Stems with '''eu''' are mnemonic for '''teub'''....''mouth'' and refer to sound, singing, noises, etc.

: Summary:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Artsy Words
|-
! ART || PIECE || PERSON
|-
| '''tuz'''....''art'' || '''tuzun'''....''art object'' || '''tuzut'''....''artist''
|-
|'''taz'''....''portraiture'' || '''tazun'''....''portrait'' || '''tazut'''....''portrait artist''
|-
|'''tez'''....''culture'' || '''tezun'''....''more'' ||
|-
|'''tyez'''....''magic''&lt;br&gt;'''fyatyez'''....''charm''&lt;br&gt;'''fyotyez'''...''sorcery'' || '''tyezun'''....''magic act''&lt;br&gt;'''fyatyezun'''....''charm''&lt;br&gt;'''fyotyezun'''....''spell'' || '''tyezut'''....''magician''&lt;br&gt;'''fyatyezut'''....''hieromancer''&lt;br&gt;'''fyotyezut'''....''sorcerer''
|-
|'''teyz'''....''cult''&lt;br&gt;'''fyateyz'''....''religion'' || '''teyzun'''....''cult service''&lt;br&gt;'''fyateyzun'''....''religious service'' || '''teyzut'''....''cultist''&lt;br&gt;'''fyateyzut'''....''priest''
|-
|'''tuyz'''....''artisanship'' || '''tuyzun'''....''artisanal piece'' || '''tuyzut'''....''artisan''
|-
|'''tyen'''....''craft, skill'' || '''tyenun'''....''piece of craftsmanship'' || '''tyenut'''....''craftsman''
|-
|'''teaz'''....''spectacle, showmanship''&lt;br&gt;'''fyateaz'''....''miracle-working'' || '''teazun'''....''show''&lt;br&gt;'''fyateazun'''....''miracle'' || '''teazut'''....''showman''&lt;br&gt;'''fyateazut'''....''miracle-worker''
|-
| '''siz'''....''painting'' || '''sizun'''....''a painting'' || '''sizut'''....''painter''
|-
| '''dresiz'''....''engravure'' || '''dresizun'''....''an engraving'' || '''dresizut'''....''engraver''
|-
| '''sin'''....''picture''&lt;br&gt;'''mansin'''....''photo''&lt;br&gt;'''pansin'''...''motion picture'' || || '''sindrut'''....''illustrator''&lt;br&gt;'''mansinut'''....''photographer''&lt;br&gt;'''pansinut'''....''movie-maker''
|-
| '''dresin'''....''design'' || '''dresin'''....''a design'' || '''dresinut'''....''designer''
|-
| '''sindren'''....''drawing'' || '''sindras'''....''a drawing'' || '''sindrut'''....''draftsman''
|-
|'''saz'''....''sculpture'' || '''sazun'''....''piece of sculpture, statue'' || '''sazut'''....''sculptor''
|-
|'''suz'''....''display art'' || '''suzun'''....''artifact'' || '''suzyanamut'''....''museum director''
|-
|'''volz'''....''color'' || ||
|-
| '''daz'''....''dance''|| '''dazun'''....''a dance''|| '''dazut'''....''dancer''
|-
| '''dyaz'''....''ballet'' || '''dyazun'''....''ballet performance'' || '''dyazut'''....''danseur''&lt;br&gt;'''dyazuyt'''....''ballerina''
|-
|'''dez'''....''theater, performance art''&lt;br&gt;'''aztosdez'''....''melodrama''&lt;br&gt;'''vyamdez'''....''drama''&lt;br&gt;'''ivdez'''....''comedy''&lt;br&gt;'''uvdez'''....''tragedy''||'''dezun'''....''play''||'''dezut'''....''actor, performer''
|-
| '''diz'''....''comedy''|| '''dizun'''....''comedy act'' || '''dizut'''....''comedian''
|-
| '''podiz'''....''circus performing'' || '''podizun'''....''circus act'' || '''podizut'''....''clown''
|-
|'''duz'''....''music'' || '''duzun'''....''music piece'' &lt;br&gt;'''duzdin'''....''operetta''&lt;br&gt;'''duzdinag'''....''opera''|| '''duzut'''....''musician''
|-
|'''dyez'''....''cinema''||'''dyezun'''....''movie'' || '''dyezut'''....''film actor''
|-
|'''drez'''....''poetry'' || '''drezun'''....''poem'' || '''drezut'''....''poet''
|-
|'''vidrenyan'''....''literature, belles lettres'' || '''vidras'''....''piece of literature'' ||'''drut'''....''writer''
|-
|'''teuz'''....''voice'' || ||
|-
|'''deuz'''....''singing''||'''deuzun'''....''song'' || '''deuzut'''....''singer''
|-
|'''seux'''....''sound'' || ||
|-
|'''xeus'''....''noise'' || ||
|-
|'''seuz'''....''tone'' || ||
|}

== The '''dob''' (''State'') Family==

: The stems of the words in this family start with '''d''' for ''society'' and end with '''b''' for ''organization''.  Comparable words starting with '''x''' for ''doing'', related to a non-political working hierarchy.

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ D-B Core Words
|-
| '''dob'''....''state, regime''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;   '''doob'''....''nation''&lt;br&gt;   '''doab'''....''fatherland''&lt;br&gt;   '''doeb'''....''province/state''&lt;br&gt;   '''doib'''....''country/shire''|| '''xob'''....''organization''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''dab'''....''government''|| '''xab'''....''staff''
|-
| '''deb'''....''leader, regent'' || '''xeb'''....''boss''
|-
| '''dib'''....''administration''&lt;br&gt;'''dibut'''....''administrator'' || '''xib'''....''office, department''&lt;br&gt;'''xibut'''....''official''
|-
| '''diyb'''....''agency''&lt;br&gt;'''diybut'''....''manager'' || 
|-
| '''dub'''....''minister''&lt;br&gt;'''duban'''....''ministry'' || '''xub'''....''branch, affiliate''
|}


=== Regimes and Rulers===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Regimes and Rulers
|-
! REGIME=dob !! GENDER-NEUTRAL RULER=deb !! MALE RULER=dweb !! FEMALE RULER=deyb
|-
| '''adob'''....''empire'' || '''adeb'''....''emperor'' || '''adweb'''....''emperor'' || '''adeyb'''....''empress''
|-
| '''edob'''....''kingdom'' || '''edeb'''....''monarch'' || '''edweb'''....''king'' || '''edeyb'''....''queen''
|-
| '''idob'''....''principality'' || '''ideb'''....''prince'' || '''idweb'''....''prince'' || '''ideyb'''....''princess''
|-
| '''udob'''....''duchy'' || '''udeb'''....''duke'' || '''udweb'''....''duke'' || '''udeyb'''....''duchess''
|-
| '''yodob'''....''marquisate'' || '''yodeb'''....''marquis'' || '''yodweb'''....''marquis'' || '''yodeyb'''....''marquise''
|-
| '''yadob'''....''count'' || '''yadeb'''....''count'' || '''yadweb'''....''count'' || '''yadeyb'''....''countess''
|-
| '''yedob'''....''domain'' || '''yedeb'''....''lord'' || '''yedweb'''....''lord'' || '''yedeyb'''....''lady, dominatrix''
|-
| '''yidob'''....''barony'' || '''yideb'''....''baron'' || '''yidweb'''....''baron'' || '''yideyb'''....''baroness''
|-
| '''alodob'''....''tribe, chiefdom, clan'' || '''alodeb'''....''chief, tribal chief, chieftain'' || '''alodweb'''....''male chief'' || '''alodeyb'''....''chieftaine''
|-
| '''obdobem'''....''colony'' || '''obdeb'''....''governor'' || '''obdweb'''....''governor'' || '''obdeyb'''....''governess''
|}

=== City Entitites ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ City Entities
|-
| '''dom'''....''city''&lt;br&gt;'''debdom'''....''capital''&lt;br&gt;'''mimdom'''....''port''&lt;br&gt;'''domab'''....''municipality''&lt;br&gt;'''domeb'''....''mayor''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzdom'''....''suburb''&lt;br&gt;'''dommas'''....''city wall''&lt;br&gt;'''yizdom'''....''outskirts''&lt;br&gt;'''odom'''....''countryside''&lt;br&gt;'''zedom'''....''downtown''&lt;br&gt;'''domgon'''....''district''&lt;br&gt;'''domep'''....''street''&lt;br&gt;'''domyem'''....''plaza''&lt;br&gt;'''domunkun'''....''city block''
|-
| '''dam'''....''airfield''
|-
| '''dem'''....''park''&lt;br&gt;'''deym'''....''garden''&lt;br&gt;'''domdeym'''....''square''
|-
| '''dim'''....''fountain''
|}

=== Governments and Leaders ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Governments and Leaders
|-
! GOVERNMENT=dab !! LEADER=deb
|-
| '''ditdab'''....''republic'' || '''ditdeb'''....''president''
|-
| '''tyodab'''....''democracy'' || '''tyodeb'''....''president''
|-
| '''andab'''....''autocracy'' || '''andeb'''....''autocrat''
|-
| '''anadab'''....''dictatorship'' || '''anadeb'''....''dictator''
|-
| '''nyazdab'''....''plutocracy'' || '''nyazdeb'''....''plutocrat''
|-
| '''yabdab'''....''aristocracy'' || '''yabdeb'''....''aristocrat'' 
|-
| '''totdab'''....''theocracy'' || '''totdeb'''....''theocrat''
|-
| '''abdab'''....''dominion'' || '''abdeb'''....''overlord, master''
|-
| '''obdab'''....''protectorate, subject state'' || '''obdeb'''....''protector, subjugator''
|-
| '''obdabem'''....''colony'' || '''obdabemeb'''....''colonial governor''
|-
| '''yibdab'''....''colony'' || '''yibdeb'''....''colonial master''
|-
| '''memyuvdab'''....''fiefdom'' || '''memyuvdeb'''....''feudal lord''
|}

=== Regional Administrations ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Regional Administrations
|-
! REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION
|-
| '''doob'''....''nation''
|-
| '''doab'''....''fatherland''
|-
| '''doeb'''....''state, Bund''
|-
| '''doib'''....''county''
|-
| '''domem'''....''province, state''
|-
| '''domeam'''....''department, county, prefecture''
|-''
| '''domeem'''....''sub-prefecture''
|-''
| '''domeim'''....''canton''
|-
| '''domeum'''....''commune, district''
|-
| '''domgon'''....''distict, quarter, quadrant''
|-
| '''yuzdomgon'''....''arrondissement''
|}

== The '''nas''' (''Money'') Family==

: The stems of the words in this family all begin with '''n''' for ''merchandise''.  All the words have to do with money, business, trade, and merchandise.

: Summary:

&lt;small&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Money Core Words
|- valign=top
! MONEY/WEALTH !! SAVING/ACCUMULATING !! SPENDING/WASTING !! EARNING/ORDERING !! PAYING/SHIPPING
|-
|valign=top| '''nas'''....''money''&lt;br&gt;'''nax'''....''price''&lt;br&gt;'''nayx'''....''cost''&lt;br&gt;'''naz'''....''value, worth''&lt;br&gt;'''nasyig'''....''cash''&lt;br&gt;'''nasmug'''....''coin''&lt;br&gt;'''nases'''....''change''&lt;br&gt;'''nasgon'''....''stock''&lt;br&gt;'''nastun'''....''finance''&lt;br&gt;'''donastun'''....''economy''&lt;br&gt;'''nasyan'''....''capital''&lt;br&gt;'''nasdrev'''....''paper money''&lt;br&gt;'''nasdref'''....''check''&lt;br&gt;'''nasam'''....''bank''&lt;br&gt;'''nasak'''....''profit''&lt;br&gt;'''nasok'''....''deficit''&lt;br&gt;'''nam'''....''store''&lt;br&gt;'''namyan'''....''shopping center''&lt;br&gt;'''nasdiybut'''....''bursar''&lt;br&gt;'''nasdrev'''....''backnote''&lt;br&gt;'''nasebkyax'''....''money exchange''&lt;br&gt;'''nasefa'''....''poor''&lt;br&gt;'''nasgab'''....''surplus''&lt;br&gt;'''nasok'''....''deficit''&lt;br&gt;'''nasokya'''....''bankrupt''&lt;br&gt;'''nastun'''....''finance''&lt;br&gt;'''naxer'''....''cost''&lt;br&gt;'''nasbuer'''....''allocate''&lt;br&gt;'''nasaker'''....''profit''&lt;br&gt;'''naseker'''....''gamble''&lt;br&gt;'''nasyefer'''....''owe''&lt;br&gt;'''nasyefier'''&lt;br&gt;'''nasboler'''....''underwrite''&lt;br&gt;''''nasyefier''''....''borrow''&lt;br&gt;'''nasyefuer'''....''lend''&lt;br&gt;'''naxter'''....''appreciate''&lt;br&gt;'''nazer'''....''be worth''&lt;br&gt;'''nazder'''....''assess''&lt;br&gt;'''nazbuer'''....''reward''&lt;br&gt;'''nasyiguer'''....''cash''&lt;br&gt;'''nasbyokuer'''....''fine''&lt;br&gt;'''nasdier'''....''panhandle''&lt;br&gt;'''nasgonuer'''....''invest''&lt;br&gt;'''nasvelkier'''....''gamble''
|valign=top|'''nex'''....''savings''&lt;br&gt;'''nexak'''....''interest''&lt;br&gt;'''nextun'''....''economy''&lt;br&gt;'''nexyea'''....''thrifty''&lt;br&gt;'''nexer'''....''save''&lt;br&gt;'''neuner'''....''reserve''
|valign=top| '''nox'''....''expense''&lt;br&gt;'''noxun'''....''expenditure''&lt;br&gt;'''finox'''....''thrift''&lt;br&gt;'''noz'''....''jewelry''&lt;br&gt;'''noxufa'''...,''stingy''&lt;br&gt;'''noxer'''....''spend''&lt;br&gt;'''funoxer'''....''waste''&lt;br&gt;'''noxuer'''....''charge''
|valign=top| '''nix'''....''income, revenue''&lt;br&gt;'''yexnix'''....''salary''&lt;br&gt;'''tutnix'''....''honorarium''&lt;br&gt;'''jonix'''....''debt''&lt;br&gt;'''nixak'''....''profit''&lt;br&gt;'''dobnix'''....''pension''&lt;br&gt;'''dotnix'''....''welfare''&lt;br&gt;'''jabnix'''....''annuity''&lt;br&gt;'''nixgab'''....''dividend''&lt;br&gt;'''nier'''....''consume''&lt;br&gt;'''nixer'''....''earn''&lt;br&gt;'''nizer'''....''deserve''&lt;br&gt;'''nier'''....''consume''&lt;br&gt;'''nixbuer'''....''sell''&lt;br&gt;'''jobnier'''....''rent''&lt;br&gt;'''nixbuer'''...''sell''
|valign=top| '''nux'''....''payment, outlay''&lt;br&gt;'''yovnux'''....''penalty''&lt;br&gt;'''nuxyef'''....''duty''&lt;br&gt;'''jonux'''....''credit''&lt;br&gt;'''yufnux'''....''blackmail''&lt;br&gt;'''dobnux'''....''tax''&lt;br&gt;'''nuz'''....''award''&lt;br&gt;'''nuxgax'''....''pay raise'' &lt;br&gt;'''nuxer'''....''pay''&lt;br&gt;'''nuzuer'''....''award''&lt;br&gt;'''nuer'''....''supply''&lt;br&gt;'''jobnuxer'''....''lease''&lt;br&gt;'''nuxbier'''....''buy''&lt;br&gt;'''nun'''....''product''&lt;br&gt;'''nunyan'''....''merchandise''&lt;br&gt;'''nunsag'''....''inventory''&lt;br&gt;'''nunek'''....''negotiation''&lt;br&gt;'''nundel'''....''ad''&lt;br&gt;'''nundyun'''....''brand''&lt;br&gt;'''nunem'''....''market''&lt;br&gt;'''n(un)am'''....''shop''&lt;br&gt;'''nunut'''....''merchant''&lt;br&gt;'''nunyeb'''....''package''&lt;br&gt;'''nuneker'''....''deal''&lt;br&gt;'''nunier'''....''buy''&lt;br&gt;'''nunuer'''....''sell''&lt;br&gt;'''nunuier'''....''trade''&lt;br&gt;'''namper'''....''shop''&lt;br&gt;'''nundeler'''....''advertise''&lt;br&gt;'''nunsager'''....''inventory''&lt;br&gt;'''nunyember'''....''package''
|-
|valign=top| '''nyan'''....''stack''&lt;br&gt;'''nyandras'''....''list''&lt;br&gt;'''nyaz'''....''wealth''&lt;br&gt; '''nyaser'''....''accumulate''&lt;br&gt;'''nyaxer'''....''stack''
|valign=top|'''nyen'''....''stores, stock''&lt;br&gt;'''nyeb'''....''container''&lt;br&gt;'''nyem'''....''box, case''&lt;br&gt;'''nyef'''....''bag, sack''&lt;br&gt;'''nyeyf'''....''purse''&lt;br&gt;'''yignyef'''....''basket'' &lt;br&gt; '''nyexer'''....''stock''&lt;br&gt;'''nyember'''....''box up''
| valign=top|'''nyox'''....''waste''&lt;br&gt;'''nyoz'''....''penury''&lt;br&gt; '''nyoxer'''....''waste''
|valign=top| '''nyix'''....''order, demand''&lt;br&gt;'''nyixdref'''....''order form''&lt;br&gt;'''nyixut'''....''client, customer'' &lt;br&gt;'''nyuix'''....''supply and demand''&lt;br&gt;'''nyixer'''....''demand, order''
|valign=top|'''nyux'''....''delivery''&lt;br&gt;'''nyun'''....''cargo, freight, shipment''&lt;br&gt;'''nyuxdref'''....''receipt''&lt;br&gt;'''nyuxpur'''....''delivery truck'' &lt;br&gt;'''nyuer'''....''pour, produce''&lt;br&gt; '''nyuxer'''....''supply, deliver, ship''&lt;br&gt;'''nyuf'''....''package''
|}
&lt;/small&gt;

== The '''dop''' (Military) Family ==

: The stems of the words in this family begin with '''d'''....''social'' and end in '''p'''....''mobile'' and have to do with the military and war.

: Summary:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ D-P Words
|- valign=top
! MILITARY !! SOME DERIVATIONS
|-
| '''dop'''....''military'' || '''dopeb'''....''commander of the armed forces''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''dopof'''....''uniform''&lt;br&gt;'''dopnab'''....''military rank''&lt;br&gt;'''dopbier'''....''conquer''&lt;br&gt;'''dopizper'''....''march''&lt;br&gt;'''dopyaf'''....''military power''&lt;br&gt;'''dopar'''....''weapon''&lt;br&gt;'''doparobel'''....''armistice''&lt;br&gt;'''dopek'''....''combat''&lt;br&gt;'''dopekem'''....''battleground''&lt;br&gt;'''dopekut'''....''combat soldier''&lt;br&gt;'''odopeker'''....''defend''&lt;br&gt;'''dopembier'''....''deploy''&lt;br&gt;'''dopektof'''....''battle attire''&lt;br&gt;'''dropek'''....''war''&lt;br&gt;'''dropekut'''....''warrier''&lt;br&gt;'''dropekpos'''....''armistice''&lt;br&gt;'''dopteud'''....''battle cry''&lt;br&gt;'''dopdeuz'''....''battle hymn''&lt;br&gt;'''dopnad'''....''battle line''&lt;br&gt;'''dopepem'''....''battle station''&lt;br&gt;'''dopzanad'''....''battlefront''&lt;br&gt;'''ditdoyp'''....''militia''&lt;br&gt;'''dopyena'''....''militant''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''dap'''....''air force''||'''dapeb'''....''air force commander''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''dapat'''....''airman''&lt;br&gt;'''dapur'''....''fighter jet''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''dep'''....''ground force, army''||'''depeb'''....''army commander''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''depet'''....''enlisted soldier''&lt;br&gt;'''depur'''....''tank''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''dip'''....''navy''|| '''dipeb'''....''navy commander''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''dipat'''....''ensign''&lt;br&gt;'''oybdipur'''....''submarine''&lt;br&gt;'''dipur'''....''battleship''&lt;br&gt;'''adipur'''....''aircraft carrier''&lt;br&gt;'''edipur'''....''dreadnaught''&lt;br&gt;'''idipur'''....''frigate''&lt;br&gt;'''udipur'''....''destroyer''&lt;br&gt;'''yadipur'''....''corvette''&lt;br&gt;'''yedipur'''....''gunboat''&lt;br&gt;'''yodipur'''....''cruiser''&lt;br&gt;''' '''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''diep'''....''marine''||'''diepeb'''....''marine commander''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''diepat'''....''marine soldier''&lt;br&gt;'''dieput'''....''ambphibious warship''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|}

=== Weapons ===
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Weapons
|-
! WEAPONS
|-
| '''dopar'''....''weapon''&lt;br&gt;'''doparier'''....''take up arms''&lt;br&gt;'''doparuer'''....''arm''
|-
| '''adopar'''....''gun''&lt;br&gt;'''tuyab adopar'''....''handgun, pistol''&lt;br&gt;'''zyup adopar'''....''revolver''
|-
|'''edopar'''....''rifle''
|-
|'''idopar'''....''shotgun''
|-
|'''udopar'''....''musket''
|-
|'''dopir'''....''artillery''
|-
|'''adopir'''....''cannon''
|-
|'''edopir'''....''bazooka''
|-
|'''idopir'''....''howitzer''
|-
|'''dopur'''....''machine gun''
|-
|'''dopyonar'''....''bayonet''&lt;br&gt;'''zyidopyonar'''....''sword''&lt;br&gt;'''mimdopyonar'''....''cutlass''&lt;br&gt;'''zyadopyonar'''....''battle-ax''
|-
|'''dopuz-izmuf'''....''bow-and-arrow''
|}


=== Ranks ===

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Military Ranks
|-
! ARMY&lt;br&gt;'''dep'''  !! NAVY&lt;br&gt;'''dip''' !! AIR FORCE&lt;br&gt;'''dap'''  !! MARINE FORCE&lt;br&gt;'''diep'''
|-
| '''depat'''....''soldier'' || '''dipat'''....''ensign'' || '''dapat'''....''airman'' || '''diepat'''....''private''
|-
| '''adepat'''....''private'' || '''adipat'''....''seaman recruit'' || '''adapat'''....''airman basic'' || '''adiepat'''....''private''
|-
| '''edepat'''....''private 2'' || '''edipat'''....''seaman apprentice'' || '''edapat'''....''airman'' || '''ediepat'''....''private 1st class''
|-
| '''idepat'''....''private first class'' || '''idipat'''....''seaman'' || '''idapat'''....''airman first class'' || '''idiepat'''....''lance corporal''
|-
| '''udepat'''....''army specialist'' || '''udipat'''....''petty officer 3rd class'' || '''udapat'''....''senior airman'' || '''udiepat'''....''corporal''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''yodipat'''....''petty officer 2nd class'' || '''yodapat'''....''staff sergeant'' || '''yodiepat'''....''sergeant''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''yadipat'''....''petty officer 3rd class'' || '''yadapat'''....''technical sergeant'' || '''yadiepat'''....''staff sergeant''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''yedipat'''....''chief petty officer'' || '''obyedapat'''....''master sergeant'' || '''yediepat'''....''gunnery sergeant''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''....''' '' '' || '''abyedapat'''....''master sergeant with diamond'' || '''....''' '' ''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''yidipat'''....''senior chief petty officer'' || '''obyidapat'''....''senior master sergeant'' || '''yidiepat'''....''master sergeant''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''....''' '' '' || '''abyidapat'''....''senior master sergeant with diamond'' || '''....''' '' ''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''obyudipat'''....''master chief petty officer'' || '''obyudapat'''....''chief master sergeant'' || '''yudiepat'''....''first sergeant''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''ebyudipat'''....''fleet master chief petty officer'' || '''....''' '' '' || '''alodiepat'''....''master gunnery sergeant''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''abyudipat'''....''master chief petty officer of the navy'' || '''abyudapat'''....''chief master sergeant with diamond'' || '''aladiepat'''....''sergeant major''
|-
| '''adeplat'''....''warrant officer'' || '''adiplat'''....''ensign'' || '''adaplat'''....''2nd lieutenant'' || '''adieplat'''....''warrant officer''
|-
| '''edeplat'''....''chief warrant officer 2'' || '''ediplat'''....''lieutenant junior grade'' || '''edaplat'''....''1st lieutenant'' || '''edieplat'''....''chief warrant officer 2''
|-
| '''ideplat'''....''chief warrant officer 3'' || '''idiplat'''....''lieutenant'' || '''idaplat'''....''captain'' || '''idieplat'''....''chief warrant officer 3''
|-
| '''udeplat'''....''chief warrant officer 4'' || '''udiplat'''....''lieutenant commander'' || '''udaplat'''....''major'' || '''udieplat'''....''chief warrant officer 4''
|-
| '''yodeplat'''....''chief warrant officer 5'' || '''yodiplat'''....''commander'' || '''yodaplat'''....''lieutenant colonel'' || '''yodieplat'''....''chief warrant officer 5''
|-
| '''yadeplat'''....''second lieutenant'' || '''yadiplat'''....''captain'' || '''yadaplat'''....''colonel'' || '''yadieplat'''....''second lieutenant''
|-
| '''yedeplat'''....''first lieutenant'' || '''....''' '' '' || '''....''' '' '' || '''yedieplat'''....''first lieutenant''
|-
| '''yideplat'''....''captain'' || '''yidiplat'''....''ensign'' || '''....''' '' '' || '''yidieplat'''....''captain''
|-
| '''yudeplat'''....''major'' || '''....''' '' '' || '''....''' '' '' || '''yudieplat'''....''major''
|-
| '''adeprat'''....''brigadier general'' || '''adiprat'''....''rear admiral lower half'' || '''adaprat'''....''brigadier general'' || '''adieprat'''....''lieutenant general''
|-
| '''edeprat'''....''major general'' || '''ediprat'''....''rear admiral upper half'' || '''edaprat'''....''major general'' || '''edieprat'''....''colonel''
|-
| '''ideprat'''....''lieutenant general'' || '''idiprat'''....''vice admiral'' || '''idaprat'''....''lieutenant general'' || '''idieprat'''....''brigadier general''
|-
| '''udeprat'''....''4 star general'' || '''udiprat'''....''commandant'' || '''udaprat'''....''general air force chief of staff'' || '''udieprat'''....''major general''
|-
| '''yodeprat'''....''5-star general'' || '''yodiprat'''....''fleet admiral'' || '''yodaprat'''....''general of the AF'' || '''yodieprat'''....''lieutenant general''
|-
| '''....''' '' '' || '''....''' '' '' || '''....''' '' '' || '''yadieprat'''....''general''
|}

== The '''ab''' (''On''), '''yab''' (''Up'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ AB Family
|- valign=top
| '''ab'''....''on''&lt;br&gt;'''ayb'''....''over''&lt;br&gt;'''aber'''....''put on''&lt;br&gt;'''aper'''....''get on''&lt;br&gt;'''aba'''....''superior''&lt;br&gt;'''abem'''....''top''&lt;br&gt;'''ayb'''....''above'' || '''eb'''....''between''&lt;br&gt;'''eyb'''....''among''&lt;br&gt;'''eber'''....''block''&lt;br&gt;'''eper'''....''intervene''&lt;br&gt;'''eba'''....''in-between''&lt;br&gt;'''ebem'''....''interval''&lt;br&gt;'''eyb'''....''among'' || '''ob'''....''off''&lt;br&gt;'''oyb'''....''under''&lt;br&gt;'''ober'''....''remove''&lt;br&gt;'''oper'''....''get off''&lt;br&gt;'''oba'''....''inferior''&lt;br&gt;'''obem'''....''bottom''&lt;br&gt;'''oyb'''....''below''
|-
| '''yab'''....''up''&lt;br&gt;'''yaber'''....''raise''&lt;br&gt;'''yaper'''....''rise''&lt;br&gt;'''yaba'''....''high''&lt;br&gt;'''yabaga'''....''tall''&lt;br&gt;'''yaboga'''....''short''&lt;br&gt;'''yabem'''....''upstairs'' ||'''yeb'''....''in''&lt;br&gt;'''yeber'''....''put in''&lt;br&gt;'''yeper'''....''get in''&lt;br&gt;'''yeba'''....''inner''&lt;br&gt;'''yebaga'''....''deep inside''&lt;br&gt;'''yeboga'''....''a little way in''&lt;br&gt;'''yebem'''....''interior''  || '''yob'''....''down''&lt;br&gt;'''yober'''....''lower''&lt;br&gt;'''yoper'''....''descend''&lt;br&gt;'''yoba'''....''low''&lt;br&gt;'''yobaga'''....''deep''&lt;br&gt;'''yoboga'''....''shallow''&lt;br&gt;'''yobem'''....''downstairs''
|-
| ||'''oyeb'''....''out''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeber'''....''put out''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeper'''....''get out''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeba'''....''outer''&lt;br&gt;'''oyebem'''....''exterior''
|}

== The '''af''' (''Permission''), '''yaf''' (''Ability'') Family ==

: Summary:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ AF Family
|- valign=top
| '''afer'''....''may''&lt;br&gt;'''afa'''....''allowed''&lt;br&gt;'''afwa'''....''permissable''&lt;br&gt;'''afxer'''....''allow'' || '''efer'''....''need''&lt;br&gt;'''efa'''....''in need of''&lt;br&gt;'''efwa'''....''necessary''&lt;br&gt;'''efxer'''....''necessitate'' || '''ofer'''....''be prohibited''&lt;br&gt;'''ofa'''....''not allowed''&lt;br&gt;'''ofwa'''....''prohibited''&lt;br&gt;'''ofxer'''....''prohibit''
|-
| '''yafer'''....''can''&lt;br&gt;'''yafa'''....''able''&lt;br&gt;'''yafwa'''....''possible''&lt;br&gt;'''yafxer'''....''enable'' || '''yefer'''....''must''&lt;br&gt;'''yefa'''....''obliged''&lt;br&gt;'''yefwa'''....''obligatory''&lt;br&gt;'''yefxer'''....''oblige'' || '''yofer'''....''cannot''&lt;br&gt;'''yofa'''....''unable''&lt;br&gt;'''yofwa'''....''impossible''&lt;br&gt;'''yofxer'''....''incapacite''
|}

== The '''aga''' (''Big''), '''yaga''' (''Long'') Family ==

: Summary:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ AGA/YAGA Family
|-
| valign= top | '''aga'''....''big''&lt;br&gt;'''agan'''....''size''&lt;br&gt;'''agaxer'''....''magnify''&lt;br&gt;'''agser'''....''grow''&lt;br&gt;'''aaga'''....''main''&lt;br&gt;'''agla'''....''huge''&lt;br&gt;'''agra'''....''gigantic''&lt;br&gt;'''agsa'''....''adult''&lt;br&gt;'''agta'''....''great'' || valign=top|'''ega'''....''normal''&lt;br&gt;'''egan'''....''normalcy''&lt;br&gt;'''egaxer'''....''normalize''&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp; || valign=top|'''oga'''....''little''&lt;br&gt;'''ogan'''....''smallness''&lt;br&gt;'''ogaxer'''....''minimize''&lt;br&gt;'''ogser'''....''shrink''&lt;br&gt;'''ooga'''....''minor''&lt;br&gt;'''ogla'''....''tiny''&lt;br&gt;'''ogra'''....''microscopic''
|-
| valign=top|'''yaga'''....''long''&lt;br&gt;'''yagan'''....''length''&lt;br&gt;'''yagaxer'''....''lengthen''&lt;br&gt;'''yagser'''....''stretch'' || valign=top|'''yeg-'''....''re-, again'' ||valign=top| '''yoga'''....''short''&lt;br&gt;'''yogan'''....''shortness''&lt;br&gt;'''yogaxer'''....''abbreviate''&lt;br&gt;'''yogser'''....''contract''
|}

== The '''aj''' (''Past''), '''taj''' (''Birth'') Family ==

: Summary:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ AJ/TAJ Family
|-
| '''aj'''....''past''&lt;br&gt;'''ajna'''....''old''&lt;br&gt;'''ajyena'''....''old-fashioned'' || '''ej'''....''present''&lt;br&gt;'''ejna'''....''new''&lt;br&gt;'''ejyena'''....''modern'' || '''oj'''....''future''&lt;br&gt;'''ojna'''....''to-be''&lt;br&gt;'''ojyena'''....''futuristic''
|-
| '''taj'''....''birth''&lt;br&gt;'''tajer'''....''be born''&lt;br&gt;'''tajber'''....''give birth''&lt;br&gt;'''taja'''....''natal'' || '''tej'''....''life''&lt;br&gt;'''tejer'''....''live''&lt;br&gt;'''tejber'''....''bring to life''&lt;br&gt;'''teja'''....''vital'' || '''toj'''....''death''&lt;br&gt;'''tojer'''....''die''&lt;br&gt;'''tojber'''....''kill''&lt;br&gt;'''toja'''....''mortal''
|}

== The '''ak-''' (''Win''), '''yak-''' (''Expect'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ AK/YAK Family
|- valign=top
| valign=top|'''aker'''....''win''&lt;br&gt;'''akut'''....''winner''&lt;br&gt;'''akun'''....''win''&lt;br&gt;'''akler'''....''defeat''&lt;br&gt;'''akrer'''....''triumph''&lt;br&gt;'''akuj'''....''success''&lt;br&gt;'''akbun'''....''award''&lt;br&gt;'''nasak'''....''windfall''&lt;br&gt;'''aknas'''....''profit'' || valign=top|'''eker'''....''play, risk''&lt;br&gt;'''ekut'''....''player''&lt;br&gt;'''ekun'''....''game''&lt;br&gt;'''ifek'''....''play''&lt;br&gt;'''dopek'''....''battle''&lt;br&gt;'''dropek'''....''war''&lt;br&gt;'''tapek'''....''sport''&lt;br&gt;'''nasek'''....''gamble''&lt;br&gt;'''yanek'''....''competition''&lt;br&gt;'''ovek'''....''contest''&lt;br&gt;'''dalovek'''....''debate''&lt;br&gt;'''dunek'''....''pun'' ||valign=top| '''oker'''....''lose''&lt;br&gt;'''okut'''....''loser''&lt;br&gt;'''okun'''....''loss''&lt;br&gt;'''okuj'''....''failure''&lt;br&gt;'''tejok'''....''loss of life''&lt;br&gt;'''nasok'''....''bankrupty''&lt;br&gt;'''oknas'''....''deficit''
|-
| valign=top|'''yaker'''....''expect''&lt;br&gt;'''fiyak'''....''hope''&lt;br&gt;'''fuyak'''....''despair''&lt;br&gt;'''fiyakuer'''....''inspire''&lt;br&gt;'''fuyakuer'''....''discourage'' || valign=top|'''yeker'''....''try''&lt;br&gt;'''finyeker'''....''test''&lt;br&gt;'''aayeker'''....''experiment''&lt;br&gt;'''yekuer'''....''challenge''&lt;br&gt;'''fuyekuer'''....''tempt''&lt;br&gt;'''yekun'''....''goal''&lt;br&gt;'''doyevyek'''....''trial'' || valign=top|'''yoker'''....''be surprised''&lt;br&gt;'''yokdun'''....''exclamation''&lt;br&gt;'''yokxeus'''....''sudden noise, boom''&lt;br&gt;'''yoktoj'''....''sudden death''&lt;br&gt;'''yokay'''....''unexpectedly''
|}

== The '''av''' (''For''), '''yav-''' (''Innocent'') Family ==

: Summary:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ AV/YAV Family
|-
| valign=top|'''av'''....''for''&lt;br&gt;'''ava'''....''favorable''&lt;br&gt;'''avan'''....''behalf, behest''&lt;br&gt;'''avon'''....''asset, advantage''&lt;br&gt;'''avun'''....''favor, benefit''&lt;br&gt;'''avder'''....''advocate''&lt;br&gt;'''avejter'''....''represent''&lt;br&gt;'''yanav'''....''party'' || valign=top|'''eva'''....''neutral''&lt;br&gt;'''evan'''....''neutrality''&lt;br&gt;'''evder'''....''equivocate''&lt;br&gt;'''evxer'''....''neutralize'' || valign=top|'''ov'''....''against''&lt;br&gt;'''ova'''....''contrary''&lt;br&gt;'''ovon'''....''liability, handicap, disadvantage''&lt;br&gt;'''ovun'''....''obstacle''&lt;br&gt;'''yanov'''....''opposition''
|-
| valign=top|'''yava'''....''innocent''&lt;br&gt;'''yavder'''....''acquit'' || valign=top|'''yeva'''....''fair''&lt;br&gt;'''yevder'''....''judge''&lt;br&gt;'''doyevan'''....''justice''&lt;br&gt;'''doyevon'''....''court case''&lt;br&gt;'''doyevam'''....''court''&lt;br&gt;'''finyevut'''....''critic'' || valign=top|'''yova'''....''guilty''&lt;br&gt;'''yovder'''....''indict, accuse''&lt;br&gt;'''vayovder'''....''convict''&lt;br&gt;'''doyov'''....''crime''&lt;br&gt;'''yovbyok'''....''penalty''&lt;br&gt;'''yovbyokam'''....''prison''&lt;br&gt;'''yovober'''....''pardon''
|}

== The '''az-''' (''Strong''), '''yaz-''' (''Convex'') Family ==
: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ AZ Family
|-
| valign=top |'''aza'''....''strong''&lt;br&gt;'''azla'''....''intense''&lt;br&gt;'''azra'''....''violent''&lt;br&gt;'''azaxer'''....''strenghten''&lt;br&gt;'''azon'''....''power'' || valign=top| '''eza'''....''moderate''&lt;br&gt;'''ezaxer'''....''moderate'' ||valign=top| '''oza'''....''weak''&lt;br&gt;'''ozta'''....''tired''&lt;br&gt;'''ozaxer'''....''weaken''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ YAZ Family
|-
| '''yaza'''....''convex'' || valign=top| '''yeza'''....''flush'' || '''yoza'''....''concave''
|-
| valign=top |'''yaz'''....''mound''&lt;br&gt;'''memyaz'''...''bluff''&lt;br&gt;'''mimyaz'''....''surf''&lt;br&gt;'''milyaz'''....''wave''&lt;br&gt;'''mimolyaz'''....''saltdome''&lt;br&gt;'''nedyaz'''....''bump''&lt;br&gt;'''yagyaz'''....''ridge''&lt;br&gt;'''tayeyaz'''....''pimple''&lt;br&gt;'''melyaz'''....''tomb''&lt;br&gt;'''tayobyaz'''....''tumor'' || valign=top|'''yez'''....''along, flush with''&lt;br&gt;'''memyez'''....''plain''&lt;br&gt;'''mimolyez'''....''salt flat''&lt;br&gt;'''obyez'''....''platform'' ||valign=top| '''yoz'''....''depression''&lt;br&gt;'''memyoz'''....''valley''&lt;br&gt;'''nedyoz'''....''dip''&lt;br&gt;'''yagyoz'''....''groove''&lt;br&gt;'''kuyoz'''....''cave''&lt;br&gt;'''melyoz'''....''pit''
|}

== The '''fya-''' (''Holy'') Family ==

: Summary:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ FYA Family
|-
| '''fyaa'''....''holy'' || '''fyea'''....''fantastical, mythological, magical'' || '''fyoa'''....''profane''
|-
| '''fyamir'''....''heaven'' || '''fyemir'''....''fantasia'' || '''fyomir'''....''hell''
|-
| '''fyax'''....''sacrament'' || '''fyex'''....''magic'' || '''fyox'''....''sacrilege''
|-
| '''fyaz'''....''grace'' || '''fyez'''....''charm'' || '''fyoz'''....''disgrace''
|-
| '''fyaxin'''....''religion'' || '''fyexin'''....''wizardry'' || '''fyoxin'''....''witchcraft''
|-
| '''fyaxam'''....''church'' || ||
|-
| '''fyadab'''....''church hierarchy'' || ||
|-
| '''fyadeb'''....''church elder, clergyman'' || '''fyedeb'''....''wizard'' ||
|-
| '''afyadeb'''....''pope'' || ||
|-
| '''efyadeb'''....''cardinal'' || ||
|-
| '''ifyadeb'''....''archbishop'' || ||
|-
| '''obifyadeb'''....''bishop'' || ||
|-
| '''ufyadeb'''....''parish priest'' || ||
|-
| '''obufydeb'''....''deacon'' || ||
|-
| '''fyatob'''....''saint'' || '''fyetob'''....''ghost'' || '''fyotob'''....''demon''
|-
| '''fyatop'''....''holy spirit'' || '''fyetop'''....''fairy, sprite, phantom'' || '''fyotop'''....''evil spirit, fiend, ghoul''
|-
| '''fyat'''....''angel, seraph, cherub'' || '''fyet'''....''elf, pixy'' || '''fyot'''....''gremlin, imp, goblin, troll, ogre''
|-
| '''fyavyad'''....''oath'' || ||
|-
| '''fyavatex'''....''faith'' || ||
|-
| '''fyatez'''....''hieromancy'' || '''fyetez'''....''magic'' || '''fyotez'''....''witchcraft''
|-
| '''fyatezmuv'''....''miter''|| '''fyetezmuv'''....''magic wand'' || '''fyetezmuv'''....''jinx''
|-
| '''fyadresiyn'''....''hieroglyph'' || ||
|-
| '''fyatead'''....''testament'' ||
|-
| '''fyad'''....''blessing''|| '''fyed'''....''bewitchment, incantation'' || '''fyod'''....''curse, evil eye''
|-
| '''fyasin'''....''icon'' || '''fyesin'''....''charm'' || '''fyosin'''....''evil eye''
|-
| '''fyasyun'''....''idol'' || '''fyesyun'''....''talisman'' || '''fyosyun'''....''fetish''
|-
| '''fyaifrer'''....''worship'' || ||
|-
| '''fyadil'''....''prayer'' || '''fyedil'''....''spell'' || '''fyodil'''....''curse''
|-
| '''fyapop'''....''crusade'' || ||
|-
| '''fyamilber'''....''baptize'' || ||
|-
| '''fyaojdut'''....''prophet'' || ||
|-
| '''fyaxel'''....''ritual, mass''|| '''fyoxel'''....''occult''
|-
| '''fyaxyel'''....''holy unction'' || ||
|-
| '''fyamil'''....''holy water'' || ||
|-
| '''fyateaz'''....''miracle'' || '''fyeteaz'''....''wonderment'' || '''fyoteaz'''....''pox''
|-
| '''fyasem'''....''altar'' || ||
|-
| '''fyasim'''....''throne''|| ||
|-
| '''fyakosin'''....''mysticism''|| ||
|-
| '''fyakosut'''....''hermit''|| ||
|-
| '''fyajub'''....''feast day''|| ||
|-
| '''fyadyes'''....''bible''|| ||
|-
| '''fyadrenyan'''....''scriptures''|| ||
|-
| '''fyadin'''....''gospel'' || '''fyedin'''....''myth, legend, fable'' || 
|-
| '''fyadinyan'''...''testament'' || '''fyedinyan'''....''mythology'' ||
|- 
| '''fyadun'''....''benediction''|| '''fyedun'''....''magic word''||
|-
| '''fyadot'''....''religious order''|| '''fyedot'''....''mystical cult'' ||
|-
| '''fyaantinat'''....''monk''|| ||
|-
| '''fyabuler'''....''consecrate''|| ||
|-
| '''fyabyena'''....''moral''|| ||
|-
| '''fyadal'''....''sermon''|| ||
|-
| '''fyadalsem'''....''pulpit''|| ||
|-
| '''fyadalzyabin'''....''evangelism''|| ||
|}

== The '''fi-''' (''Good''), '''fyi-''' (''Useful'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &quot;FI Family&quot;
|-
| valign=top|'''fia'''....''good''&lt;br&gt;'''fila'''....''delightful''&lt;br&gt;'''fira'''....''excellent''&lt;br&gt;'''fiva''' ....''ok''&lt;br&gt;'''fiza'''....''honorable''&lt;br&gt;'''fizta'''....''noble''&lt;br&gt;'''fizda'''....''honest''&lt;br&gt;'''firza'''....''ideal''&lt;br&gt;'''firxa'''....''perfect''&lt;br&gt;'''flia'''....''superb''&lt;br&gt;'''fria'''....''glorious'' ||valign=top| '''fua'''....''bad''&lt;br&gt;'''fusa'''....''flawed''&lt;br&gt;'''fula'''....''malignant''&lt;br&gt;'''fura'''....''wicked''&lt;br&gt;'''fuza'''....''dishonorable''&lt;br&gt;'''fuzta'''....''ignoble''&lt;br&gt;'''fuzda'''....''dishonest''&lt;br&gt;'''flua'''....''horrible''
|-
| valign=top|'''fin'''....''virtue''&lt;br&gt;'''dofin'''....''morality''||'''fun'''....''vice''&lt;br&gt;'''dofun'''....''crime''
|-
| valign=top|'''fider'''....''praise''||'''fuder'''....''malign''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &quot;FYI Family&quot;
|-
|valign=top| '''fyia'''....''useful''&lt;br&gt;'''fyin'''....''value''&lt;br&gt;'''fyiz'''....''award''&lt;br&gt;'''fyiyz'''....''reward''&lt;br&gt;'''fyis'''....''benefit''&lt;br&gt;'''fyix'''....''favor'' ||valign=top| '''fyua'''....''harmful''&lt;br&gt;'''fyun'''....''harm''&lt;br&gt;'''fyuz'''....''punishment''&lt;br&gt;'''fyul'''....''toxin''
|}

== The '''ga''' (''More'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ GA Family
|-
| valign=top| '''ga'''....''more''&lt;br&gt;'''gay'''....''also''&lt;br&gt;'''gaj'''....''still''&lt;br&gt;'''gaxer'''....''increase''&lt;br&gt;'''gab'''....''plus''&lt;br&gt;'''gal'''....''times, multiplied by''&lt;br&gt;'''gar'''....''exponentiated by''&lt;br&gt;'''gan'''....''whole'' || '''ge'''....''as''&lt;br&gt;'''gey'''....''even''&lt;br&gt;'''gel'''....''as''&lt;br&gt;'''gexer'''....''equalize''&lt;br&gt;'''geber'''....''equate''&lt;br&gt;'''gedrer'''....''copy''&lt;br&gt;'''gegon'''....''equity''&lt;br&gt;'''geder'''....''quote''&lt;br&gt;'''gelder'''....''echo''&lt;br&gt;'''gelxer'''....''imitate''&lt;br&gt;'''geltxer'''....''identify''&lt;br&gt;'''geyla'''....''similar'' || valign=top|'''go'''....''less''&lt;br&gt;'''goy'''....''except''&lt;br&gt;'''goj'''....''no longer''&lt;br&gt;'''goxer'''....''decrease''&lt;br&gt;'''gob'''....''minus, subtracted by''&lt;br&gt;'''gol'''....''divided by''&lt;br&gt;'''gor'''....''to the minus root of''&lt;br&gt;'''gon'''....''part''&lt;br&gt;'''gos'''....''piece''&lt;br&gt;'''gobler'''....''cut''
|- 
| valign=top |'''gla'''....''much, many, very''&lt;br&gt;'''glan'''....''quantity''&lt;br&gt;'''glagon'''....''plurality''&lt;br&gt;'''glal'''....''cluster''&lt;br&gt;'''glatwa'''....''famous''&lt;br&gt;'''hogla?'''....''how much?'' ||valign=top| '''gle'''....''some, rather'' ||valign=top| '''glo'''....''little, few, slightly''&lt;br&gt;'''glon'''....''paucity''&lt;br&gt;'''glogon'''....''minority''
|-
| valign=top | '''gra'''....''too much, too''&lt;br&gt;'''gran'''....''excess'' || valign=top|'''gre'''....''enough''&lt;br&gt;'''gren'''....''quorum'' || valign=top|'''gro'''....''too little, not enough''&lt;br&gt;'''gron'''....''shortage''
|-
| valign=top|'''gwa'''....''most''&lt;br&gt;'''gwafua'''....''worst''&lt;br&gt;'''gwaika'''....''perfect''&lt;br&gt;'''gwaifer'''...''prefer''&lt;br&gt;'''gwamor'''....''macrocosm'' ||valign=top| '''gwe'''....''just'' || valign=top|'''gwo'''....''least''&lt;br&gt;'''gwomul'''....''atom''&lt;br&gt;'''gwos'''....''particle''&lt;br&gt;'''gwosteaxar'''....''microscope''
|}

== The '''gi-''' (''Sharp''), '''gyi-''' (''Solid'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ GI-/GU- Family
|-
| valign=top|'''gia'''....''sharp''&lt;br&gt;'''gin'''....''point''&lt;br&gt;'''grin'''....''blade''&lt;br&gt;'''giber'''....''poke''&lt;br&gt;'''ginod'''....''peak''&lt;br&gt;'''gixer'''....''sharpen''&lt;br&gt;'''ogia'''....''dull'' || valign=top|'''gua'''....''angular''&lt;br&gt;'''gun'''....''angle''&lt;br&gt;'''grun'''....''hook''&lt;br&gt;'''gum'''....''corner''&lt;br&gt;'''ungun'''....''quadrangle''&lt;br&gt;'''ingun'''....''triangle''&lt;br&gt;'''unizgun'''....''rectangle''&lt;br&gt;'''ungekun'''....''square''&lt;br&gt;'''yagunid'''....''cube''&lt;br&gt;'''mepgun'''....''fork in the road''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ GYI-/GYU- Family
|-
| valign=top|'''gyia'''....''solid''&lt;br&gt;'''gyila'''....''firm''&lt;br&gt;'''gyita'''....''robust''&lt;br&gt;'''gyitef'''....''helmet''&lt;br&gt;'''gyitepa'''....''tough-minded''&lt;br&gt;'''gyixer'''...''solidify''|| valign=top|'''gyua'''....''fragile''&lt;br&gt;'''gyula'''....''supple''&lt;br&gt;'''gyusa'''....''delicate''&lt;br&gt;'''gyuta'''....''frail''&lt;br&gt;'''gyubyen'''....''comfort''&lt;br&gt;'''gyutelam'''....''delicatessen''
|}

== The '''if''' (''Pleasure''), '''yif''' (''Courage'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ IF/UF Family
|-
| valign=top| '''ifer'''....''love''&lt;br&gt;'''iyfer'''....''like''&lt;br&gt;'''ifler'''....''be affectionate for''&lt;br&gt;'''ifrer'''....''worship''&lt;br&gt;'''ifon'''....''love''&lt;br&gt;'''ifwa'''....''beloved''&lt;br&gt;'''doabifa'''....''patriotic'' || valign=top|'''ufer'''....''hate''&lt;br&gt;'''uyfer'''....''dislike''&lt;br&gt;'''ufler'''...''loath''&lt;br&gt;'''ufrer'''....''despise''&lt;br&gt;'''ufon'''....''hate''&lt;br&gt;'''ufwa'''....''odious''&lt;br&gt;'''toybufa'''....''misogynous''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ YIF/YUF Family
|-
| valign=top|'''yifa'''....''brave''&lt;br&gt;'''yiflan'''....''valor''&lt;br&gt;'''yifran'''....''heroism''&lt;br&gt;'''yifer'''....''dare'' ||valign=top| '''yufa'''....''afraid''&lt;br&gt;'''yuyfa'''....''timid''&lt;br&gt;'''yuflan'''....''horror''&lt;br&gt;'''yufran'''....''terror''&lt;br&gt;'''yufer'''....''fear''&lt;br&gt;'''milyufa'''....''hydrophobic''
|}

: Note that the suffixes '''-if''' and '''-uf''' are used to translate words in English meaning ''-philia'' and ''-phobia'', respectively, eg. '''tiibilif'''....''hemophilia'' and '''hyutuf'''....''xenophobia''.  Also, words with the prefix ''miso-'' meaning ''hatred of'' use the Mirad suffix '''-uf'' ('''toybuf'''....''misogyny'').

== The '''ig-''' (''Fast''), '''yig-''' (''Hard'') Family ==

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ IG-/UG- Family
|-
| '''iga'''....''fast''&lt;br&gt;'''igar'''....''accelerator''&lt;br&gt;'''igper'''....''run'' || '''uga'''....''slow''&lt;br&gt;'''ugar'''....''brake''&lt;br&gt;'''ugper'''....''amble''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ YIG-/YUG- Family
|-
| '''yiga'''....''hard''&lt;br&gt;'''yigla'''....''rude''&lt;br&gt;'''yigra'''....''violent''&lt;br&gt;'''yigta'''....''tense''&lt;br&gt;'''yigza'''....''sharp, sour''&lt;br&gt;'''yigsa'''....''rigid''&lt;br&gt;'''yigfa'''....''rough''&lt;br&gt;'''yigaza'''....''bitter''&lt;br&gt;'''bilyig'''....''cheese'' || '''yuga'''....''soft''&lt;br&gt;'''yugla'''....''polite''&lt;br&gt;'''yugra'''....''gentle''&lt;br&gt;'''yugta'''....''lax''&lt;br&gt;'''yugza'''....''mild, sweet''&lt;br&gt;'''yugsa'''....''supple, flexible''&lt;br&gt;'''yugfa'''....''smooth''&lt;br&gt;'''yugsra'''....''elastic''&lt;br&gt;'''bilyug'''....''butter''
|}

== The '''ij''' (''Beginning''), '''yij''' (''Opening''), '''tij''' (''Awakening'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ IJ Family
|-
| '''ijer'''....''begin''&lt;br&gt;
'''ijper'''....''start up''&lt;br&gt;
'''ijber'''....''start up''&lt;br&gt;
'''ijna'''....''initial''&lt;br&gt;
'''ijar'''....''on switch''&lt;br&gt;
'''ijem'''....''origin''&lt;br&gt;
'''vabij'''....''seed''&lt;br&gt;
'''tabij'''....''embryo''&lt;br&gt;
'''patij'''....''egg''&lt;br&gt;
'''texij'''....''concept''&lt;br&gt;
'''milij'''....''spring''&lt;br&gt;
'''manij'''....''glimmer''&lt;br&gt;
'''majij'''....''dawn''&lt;br&gt;
'''mojij'''....''dusk'' ||valign=top| '''ujer'''....''end''&lt;br&gt;'''ujper'''....''come to an end''&lt;br&gt;'''ujber'''....''bring to an end''&lt;br&gt;'''ujna'''....''final''&lt;br&gt;'''ujar'''....''off switch''&lt;br&gt;'''ujem'''....''destination''&lt;br&gt;'''kyeuj'''....''fate''&lt;br&gt;'''dinuj'''....''denouement''&lt;br&gt;'''mepuj'''....''deadend''&lt;br&gt;'''jobuj'''....''eternity''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ YIJ Family
|-
| '''yijer'''....''open''&lt;br&gt;'''yijper'''....''come open''&lt;br&gt;'''yijber'''....''open up''&lt;br&gt;'''yijar'''....''key'' || '''yujer'''....''close''&lt;br&gt;'''yujper'''....''come to a close''&lt;br&gt;'''yujber'''....''bring to a close''&lt;br&gt;'''yujar'''....''lock''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ TIJ Family
|-
| '''tijer'''....''be awake''&lt;br&gt;'''tijper'''....''wake up''&lt;br&gt;'''tijber'''....''waken''&lt;br&gt;'''tijtepa'''....''conscious'' || '''tujer'''....''sleep''&lt;br&gt;'''tujper'''....''fall asleep''&lt;br&gt;'''tujber'''....''put to sleep''&lt;br&gt;'''tujtepa'''....''unconscious''
|}

== The '''ik-''' (''Full''), '''yik-''' (''Difficult'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ IK Family
|-
| valign=top| '''ika'''....''full''&lt;br&gt;'''iliker'''....''flood''&lt;br&gt;'''ikber'''....''fill''&lt;br&gt;'''ikxer'''....''complete''&lt;br&gt;'''melik'''....''dirt pile''&lt;br&gt;'''ikza'''....''rich''&lt;br&gt;'''ikla'''....''crowded''&lt;br&gt;'''ikra'''....''saturated''&lt;br&gt;'''ikfia'''....''perfect''||'''uka'''....''empty''&lt;br&gt;'''iluker'''....''drain''&lt;br&gt;'''ukber'''....''empty''&lt;br&gt;'''ukxer'''....''void''&lt;br&gt;'''meluk'''....''hole''&lt;br&gt;'''uknig'''....''vacuum''&lt;br&gt;'''ukun'''....''gap''&lt;br&gt;'''ukla'''....''hollow''&lt;br&gt;'''uktoser'''....''miss''&lt;br&gt;'''ukza'''....''poor''&lt;br&gt;'''ukyem'''....''blank''
|}
: The prefixes '''-ika''' (''-ful'') and '''-uka''' (''-less'') can form many adjectives, such as:
::* '''tejika'''....''lively''
::* '''tuilika'''....''saucy''
::* '''tesika'''....''meaningful''

::* '''tezuka'''....''cultureless''
::* '''tayebuka'''....''hairless''
::* '''maruka'''....''starless''

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ YIK Family
|-
| '''yika'''....''difficult''&lt;br&gt;'''yikla'''....''complicated''&lt;br&gt;'''yikom'''....''hardship''&lt;br&gt;'''yikson'''....''problem''&lt;br&gt;'''yikun'''....''hindrance'' || '''yuka'''....''easy''&lt;br&gt;'''yukla'''....''simple''&lt;br&gt;'''yukom'''....''comfort''&lt;br&gt;'''yukson'''....''easy matter''&lt;br&gt;'''yukun'''....''convenience''
|}

: Forms of '''-yik-''' and '''-yuk-''' can be suffixed to verb stems as a modal meaning ''hard to'' and ''easy to'', respectively:

::* '''testyikwa'''....''hard to understand''
::* '''teetyika'''....''hard of hearing''
::* '''dudyikwa'''....''hard to answer, enigmatic''
::* '''teatyiker'''....''have a hard time seeing''

::* '''pesyuka'''....''patient (easy to wait)''
::* '''vatexyuka'''....''gullible (easy to believe)''
::* '''testyukwa'''....''comprehensible (easy to understand)''
::* '''datxyuker'''....''find it easy to make friends''

== The '''iv-''' (''Happy''), '''yiv-''' (''Free'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ IV Family
|- valign=top
| '''iva'''....''happy''&lt;br&gt;'''ivla'''....''glad, content''&lt;br&gt;'''ivra'''....''excited, thrilled''&lt;br&gt;'''iv'''....''fun''&lt;br&gt;'''ivtax'''....''gratitude''&lt;br&gt;'''ivder'''....''cheer''&lt;br&gt;'''ivteuber'''....''smile''&lt;br&gt;'''ivdeuxer'''....''laugh''&lt;br&gt;'''ivseuz'''....''sigh of relief''&lt;br&gt;'''yaniv'''....''party''&lt;br&gt;'''yanivtosder'''....''congratulate''&lt;br&gt;'''ivek'''....''game, play''&lt;br&gt;'''ivuj'''....''happy ending''||'''uva'''....''sad''&lt;br&gt;'''uvla'''....''disappointed''&lt;br&gt;'''uvra'''....''morose, dejected''&lt;br&gt;'''uv'''....''sorrow''&lt;br&gt;'''uvtax'''....''regret''&lt;br&gt;'''uvder'''....''complain''&lt;br&gt;'''uvteuber'''....''frown''&lt;br&gt;'''uvdeuxer'''....''moan''&lt;br&gt;'''uvseuz'''....''sigh of sorrow''&lt;br&gt;'''yanuv'''....''dirge''&lt;br&gt;'''yanuvtosder'''....''commiserate''&lt;br&gt;'''uvdin'''....''tragedy''&lt;br&gt;'''uvuj'''....''sad ending''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ YIV Family
|-
| valign=top |'''yiva'''....''free''&lt;br&gt;'''yivina'''....''liberal''&lt;br&gt;'''yivtexa'''....''libertarian''&lt;br&gt;'''doyiv'''....''right''&lt;br&gt;'''yivdras'''....''license'' ||valign=top| '''yuva'''....''bound, captive''&lt;br&gt;'''yuvla'''....''subject''&lt;br&gt;'''yuvrat'''....''slave''&lt;br&gt;'''doyuv'''....''duty''&lt;br&gt;'''yuv'''....''bond''&lt;br&gt;'''nasyuv'''....''debt''&lt;br&gt;'''oyuvan'''....''independence''&lt;br&gt;'''yuvar'''....''chain''
|}

== The '''iz''' (''Straight''), '''yiz''' (''Beyond'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ IZ Family
|-
| valign=top|'''iza'''....''straight''&lt;br&gt;'''izber'''....''direct, steer''&lt;br&gt;'''izper'''....''go straight, head for''&lt;br&gt;'''izmep'''....''straight shot, beeline''&lt;br&gt;'''izon'''....''direction''&lt;br&gt;'''iznad'''....''vector straight line''&lt;br&gt;'''iznod'''....''target''&lt;br&gt;'''izteser'''....''denote'' &lt;br&gt;'''iztex'''....''logic''&lt;br&gt;'''iztesten'''....''intuition''&lt;br&gt;'''izgun'''....''right angle''&lt;br&gt;'''izeaxer'''....''indicate, point out''&lt;br&gt;'''izyen'''....''maneuver''&lt;br&gt;'''iztin'''....''orthodoxy''&lt;br&gt;'''izbeb'''....''pilot, driver''||valign=top| '''uza'''....''curved''....&lt;br&gt;'''uzber'''....''turn''&lt;br&gt;'''uzper'''....''deviate, curve''&lt;br&gt;'''uzmep'''....''detour''&lt;br&gt;'''uznad'''....''curve''&lt;br&gt;'''uznod'''....''turning point''&lt;br&gt;'''uzteser'''....''connote''&lt;br&gt;'''uztex'''....''irrationality''&lt;br&gt;'''uzun'''....''ring''&lt;br&gt;'''uzyus'''....''spriral, coil''&lt;br&gt;'''uzabmas'''....''arch''&lt;br&gt;'''uzmem'''....''bay''&lt;br&gt;'''ulz'''....''twist''&lt;br&gt;'''mapulz'''....''tornado''&lt;br&gt;'''uzfuv'''....''screw''&lt;br&gt;'''tuyobuz'''....''bracelet''&lt;br&gt;'''tuyubuz'''....''ring''&lt;br&gt;'''teebuz'''....''earing''&lt;br&gt;'''teibuz'''....''nosering''&lt;br&gt;'''teyobuz'''....''necklace''&lt;br&gt;'''tiabuz'''....''broche''&lt;br&gt;'''tilabuz'''....''tit ring, nipple ring''&lt;br&gt;'''eybtuabuz'''....''epaulette''&lt;br&gt;'''mamiluz'''....''rainbow ''&lt;br&gt;'''dopuz'''....''bow, arch, bow-and-arrow''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ YIZ Family
|-
| valign=top|'''yiz'''....''beyond''&lt;br&gt;'''yiza'''....''ulterior''&lt;br&gt;'''yizper'''....''surpass''&lt;br&gt;'''yiznod'''....''extremity''&lt;br&gt;'''yiztapa'''....''metaphysical''&lt;br&gt;'''yizmola'''....''supernatural''&lt;br&gt;'''yizoga'''....''ultra-small''&lt;br&gt;'''yizyivoza'''....''ultraviolet''&lt;br&gt;'''yiztoba'''....''superhuman''&lt;br&gt;'''yizmeira'''....''extra-terrestrial'' ||valign=top| '''yuz'''....''around''&lt;br&gt;'''yuza'''....''circular''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzper'''....''circulate''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzmep'''....''periphery''&lt;br&gt;'''sinyuz'''....''frame''&lt;br&gt;'''nidyuz'''....''envelope''&lt;br&gt;'''yuznad'''....''border''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzmas'''....''fence''&lt;br&gt;'''yuznag'''....''girth''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzmimper'''....''circumnavigate''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzkof'''....''blanket, wrap''&lt;br&gt;'''yuznof'''....''bandage''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzdom'''....''suburb''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzem'''....''environment''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzbexer'''....''hug''
|}

== The '''ja''' (''Before''), '''jwa''' (''Early'') Family ==

: Summary:

:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ JA-JE-JO Family
|-
| valign=top|'''ja'''....''before''&lt;br&gt;'''jaa'''....''anterior''&lt;br&gt;'''jana'''....''previous''&lt;br&gt;'''jater'''....''presage''&lt;br&gt;'''japer'''....''precede''&lt;br&gt;'''jader'''....''predict''&lt;br&gt;'''jafyunder'''....''warn''&lt;br&gt;'''jaovber'''....''prevent''&lt;br&gt;'''jaxer'''....''prepare''&lt;br&gt;'''jatuer'''....''train''&lt;br&gt;'''jabikier'''....''take precautions''&lt;br&gt;'''jaexdrer'''....''plan''&lt;br&gt;'''jateaxer'''....''preview''&lt;br&gt;'''jateaser'''....''foresee''&lt;br&gt;'''janapder'''....''preordain''&lt;br&gt;'''janap'''....''priority''&lt;br&gt;'''jay'''....''already''&lt;br&gt;'''jatex'''....''forethought'' || valign=top|'''je'''....''during''&lt;br&gt;'''jea'''....''on-going''&lt;br&gt;'''jena'''....''current''&lt;br&gt;'''jes'''....''course''&lt;br&gt;'''jeser'''....''continue''&lt;br&gt;'''jey'''....''on and on, forth'' ||valign=top| '''jo'''....''after''&lt;br&gt;'''joa'''....''posterior''&lt;br&gt;'''jona'''....''next''&lt;br&gt;'''joxwas'''....''aftermath''&lt;br&gt;'''joper'''....''follow''&lt;br&gt;'''joteaxer'''....''review''&lt;br&gt;'''joiber'''....''inherit''&lt;br&gt;'''joigper'''....''pursue''&lt;br&gt;'''jouper'''....''succeed''&lt;br&gt;'''joy'''....''afterwards, then, next''&lt;br&gt;'''jois'''....''after-effect''&lt;br&gt;'''jotul'''....''dessert''&lt;br&gt;'''jotej'''....''afterlife''&lt;br&gt;'''jotex'''....''afterthought''&lt;br&gt;||valign=top|'''ji'''....''since''&lt;br&gt;'''ji huj'''....''since then''||valign=top|'''ju'''....''until''&lt;br&gt;'''ju hij'''....''until now''
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ JWA-JWE-JWO Family
|-
| valign=top|'''jwa'''....''early''&lt;br&gt;'''jwaa'''....''pre-mature''&lt;br&gt;'''jwapuer'''....''arrive early''&lt;br&gt;'''jwaxer'''....''preempt''&lt;br&gt;'''jwaber'''....''prepare''&lt;br&gt;'''jwatuer'''....''warn''&lt;br&gt;'''jwayeker'''....''experiment''&lt;br&gt;'''jwadrer'''....''draft''&lt;br&gt;'''jwayivxer'''....''parole'' ||valign=top| '''jwe'''....''on time''&lt;br&gt;'''jwea'''....''ready, timely, ripe''&lt;br&gt;'''jwepuer'''....''arrive on time''&lt;br&gt;'''jwexer'''....''prepare''&lt;br&gt;'''jweder'''....''prompt'' ||valign=top| '''jwo'''....''late''&lt;br&gt;'''jwoa'''....''tardy, mature, stale''&lt;br&gt;'''jwopuer'''....''arrive late''&lt;br&gt;'''jwoxer'''....''delay''&lt;br&gt;'''jwovosut'''....''late-bloomer''&lt;br&gt;'''jwoxer'''....''retard''
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ JWA-JWE-JWO Parallels
|-
| '''jwa'''....''early''|| '''jwe'''....''in time'' || '''jwo'''....''late''
|-
| '''jwata'''....''underaged'' || '''jweta'''....''pubescent'' || '''jwota'''....''mature, adult''
|-
| '''jwafa'''....''green, unripe'' ||'''jwefa'''....''fresh'' || '''jwofa'''....''stale''
|-
| '''jwaja'''....''ancient'' || '''jweja'''....''contemporary'' || '''jwoja'''....''modern, latter-day''
|-
| '''jwasa'''....''premature'' || '''jwesa'''....''new'' || '''jwosa'''....''mature''
|}

== The '''ka-''' (''Find''), '''kya-''' (''Change'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ KA-KE-KO Family
|-
|valign=top| '''kaxer'''....''find''&lt;br&gt;'''kaxun'''....''trove''&lt;br&gt;'''kaxon'''....''solution''&lt;br&gt;'''kader'''....''reveal''&lt;br&gt;'''kater'''....''realize''&lt;br&gt;'''kap'''....''adventure''&lt;br&gt;'''ijkaxer'''....''invent''&lt;br&gt;'''kyekaxer'''....''discover, stumble on''&lt;br&gt;'''katepa'''....''conscious''||valign=top|'''kexer'''....''seek''&lt;br&gt;'''kexun'''....''goal''&lt;br&gt;'''kexon'''....''quest''&lt;br&gt;'''keder'''....''question''&lt;br&gt;'''keter'''....''wonder, be curious about''&lt;br&gt;'''kep'''.....''mission''&lt;br&gt;'''kebier'''....''choose''&lt;br&gt;'''kebider'''....''vote''&lt;br&gt;'''tunkexer'''....''research''&lt;br&gt;'''zyakexer'''....''search''&lt;br&gt;'''keteaxer'''....''scan''&lt;br&gt;'''pokexut'''....''hunter''&lt;br&gt;'''nazkexut'''....''treasure hunter''&lt;br&gt;'''kyeojkexut'''....''fortune-seeker''||valign=top| '''koxer'''....''hide''&lt;br&gt;'''koxun'''....''stash''&lt;br&gt;'''koxon'''....''problem, quandary''&lt;br&gt;'''kod'''....''secret''&lt;br&gt;'''koter'''....''belie''&lt;br&gt;'''kop'''....''going into hiding''&lt;br&gt;'''kobier'''....''steal''&lt;br&gt;'''koem'''....''hideaway''&lt;br&gt;'''koembier'''....''take refuge''&lt;br&gt;'''koembuer'''....''provide shelter''&lt;br&gt;'''kof'''....''cover''&lt;br&gt;'''koexut'''....''spy''&lt;br&gt;'''kodyun'''....''coverword''&lt;br&gt;'''kodin'''....''myth''&lt;br&gt;'''kodrentun'''....''cryptography''&lt;br&gt;'''teabkof'''....''blindfold''&lt;br&gt;'''koxof'''....''cloak''&lt;br&gt;'''koxov'''....''veil''&lt;br&gt;'''koifer'''....''covet''&lt;br&gt;'''kopier'''....''elope''&lt;br&gt;'''kopuer'''....''sneak up to''&lt;br&gt;'''kotepa'''....''subconscious''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ KYA-KYE-KYO Family
|-
|valign=top| '''kyaa'''....''variable''&lt;br&gt;'''kyaser'''....''vary''&lt;br&gt;'''kyadun'''....''variable''&lt;br&gt;'''kyasun'''....''variant''&lt;br&gt;'''kyasea'''....''variant''&lt;br&gt;'''kyayukwa'''....''versatile''&lt;br&gt;'''kyaxer'''....''change''&lt;br&gt;'''ebkyaxer'''....''exchange''&lt;br&gt;'''kyaper'''....''fluctuate, slide''&lt;br&gt;'''kyasanier'''....''mutate''&lt;br&gt;'''tepkyaxer'''....''persuade, motivate'' ||valign=top|'''kyea'''....''haphazard''&lt;br&gt;'''kyeser'''....''happen''&lt;br&gt;'''kyes'''....''event, happening, incident''&lt;br&gt;'''kyeoj'''....''fate, destiny''&lt;br&gt;'''kyen'''....''luck, chance''&lt;br&gt;'''fikyen'''....''good luck''&lt;br&gt;'''fukyen'''....''bad luck''&lt;br&gt;'''fukyes'''....''accident''&lt;br&gt;'''kyenek'''....''game of chance''&lt;br&gt;'''kyenekam'''....''casino''&lt;br&gt;'''kyenekar'''....''gaming machine''&lt;br&gt;'''kyeson'''....''circumstance''&lt;br&gt;'''yankyeson'''....''coincidence''&lt;br&gt;'''kyeper'''....''waver''&lt;br&gt;'''kyebuk'''....''danger''&lt;br&gt;'''kyeteaser'''....''notice''&lt;br&gt;'''kyeyanuper'''....''happen to meet''&lt;br&gt;'''kyeon'''....''case''&lt;br&gt;'''kyexej'''....''adventure''&lt;br&gt;'''fukyeoj'''....''misfortune''&lt;br&gt;'''fikyeoj'''....''good fortune'' ||valign=top| '''kyoa'''....''fixed, static, still''&lt;br&gt;'''kyoser'''....''stay, stand''&lt;br&gt;'''kyos'''....''status, state''&lt;br&gt;'''kyosa'''....''static''&lt;br&gt;'''kyoejea'''....''constant, permanent''&lt;br&gt;'''kyoaxer'''....''stabilize''&lt;br&gt;'''kyoxer'''....''fix, park''&lt;br&gt;'''purkyoxam'''....''parking garage''&lt;br&gt;'''kyoteaxer'''....''stare''&lt;br&gt;'''kyotepier'''....''pay attention''&lt;br&gt;'''kyotexer'''....''obsess''
|}

== The '''ki-''' (''Slant''), '''kyi-''' (''Heavy'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ KI-KU Family
|-
|valign=top| '''kia'''....''oblique''&lt;br&gt;'''kim'''....''slope''&lt;br&gt;'''kin'''....''slant'' &lt;br&gt;'''kixer'''....''bend''&lt;br&gt;'''kipar'''....''skate''&lt;br&gt;'''kitex'''....''bias''&lt;br&gt;'''kinad'''....''diagonal''&lt;br&gt;'''kisyen'''....''trend''||valign=top| '''kua'''....''lateral''&lt;br&gt;'''kum'''....''side''&lt;br&gt;'''kunad'''....''edge''&lt;br&gt;'''kuber'''....''set aside''&lt;br&gt;'''kumas'''....''embankment''&lt;br&gt;'''kuder'''....''remark''&lt;br&gt;'''kuber'''....''set aside''&lt;br&gt;'''kugon'''....''flank''&lt;br&gt;'''kumep'''....''sidewalk''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ KYI-KYU Family
|-
|valign=top| '''kyia'''....''heavy''&lt;br&gt;'''kyiper'''....''gravitate''&lt;br&gt;'''kyisona'''....''grave'' &lt;br&gt;'''kyid'''....''emphasis''&lt;br&gt;'''kyin'''....''burden''&lt;br&gt;'''kyik'''....''gram''&lt;br&gt;'''kyitipa'''....''solemn''&lt;br&gt;'''kyitexer'''....''ponder''&lt;br&gt;'''kyitesa'''....''serious''&lt;br&gt;'''kyibal'''....''stress''||valign=top| '''kyua'''....''light''&lt;br&gt;'''kyuper'''....''levitate''&lt;br&gt;'''kyusona'''....''trivial''&lt;br&gt;'''kyutipa'''....''silly''&lt;br&gt;'''kyutebseer'''....''swoon''&lt;br&gt;'''kyun'''....''ballast''&lt;br&gt;'''kyutesa'''....''frivolous''
|}

== The '''va''' (''Yes''), '''vya-''' (''True'') Family ==

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ VA-VE-VO Family
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' || '''ve'''....''maybe'' || '''vo'''....''no''
|-
| '''vaa'''....''affirmative'' || '''vea'''....''possible'' || '''voa'''....''negative''
|-
| '''vay'''....''indeed'' || '''vey'''....''possibly'' || '''voy'''....''not''
|-
| '''van'''....''that'' || '''ven'''....''whether, if'' || '''von'''....''don&amp;apos;t''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ VYA-VYE-VYO Family
|-
| '''vyaa'''....''true''&lt;br&gt;'''vyan'''....''truth''&lt;br&gt;'''vyaama'''....''virtual''&lt;br&gt;'''vyaba'''....''regular''&lt;br&gt;'''vyadea'''....''honest''&lt;br&gt;'''vyafa'''....''precise''&lt;br&gt;'''vyala'''....''authentic''&lt;br&gt;'''vyalma'''....''objective''&lt;br&gt;'''vyalva'''....''proper''&lt;br&gt;'''vyama'''....''real''&lt;br&gt;'''vyamsa'''....''substantial''&lt;br&gt;'''vyasa'''....''correct''&lt;br&gt;'''vyava'''....''exact''&lt;br&gt;'''vyayaba'''....''systematic''&lt;br&gt;'''vyasauna'''....''genuine''&lt;br&gt;'''vyasma'''....''concrete''&lt;br&gt;'''vyayma'''....''effective''&lt;br&gt;'''vyayuxea'''....''faithful''&lt;br&gt;'''vyatepa'''....''rational''&lt;br&gt;'''vyatesa'''....''reasonable''&lt;br&gt;'''vyatexa'''....''logical''&lt;br&gt;'''vyatina'''....''orthodox''&lt;br&gt;'''vyatipa'''....''loyal''&lt;br&gt;'''vyanaba'''....''adjusted''&lt;br&gt;'''vyaotea'''....''wise''&lt;br&gt;'''vyantina'''....''dogmatic''&lt;br&gt;'''vyayuva'''....''trusty''&lt;br&gt;'''vyankexer'''....''investigate''&lt;br&gt;'''vyanyeker'''....''prove''&lt;br&gt;'''vyantixer'''....''research''&lt;br&gt;'''vyatexer'''....''believe''&lt;br&gt;'''vyayab'''....''system''&lt;br&gt;'''dovyab'''....''law''&lt;br&gt;'''vyavader'''....''determine''&lt;br&gt;'''vyatisika'''....''sagacious''&lt;br&gt;'''vyateja'''....''true-to-life'' ||valign=top| '''vyea'''....''relative''&lt;br&gt;'''vyean'''....''relativity''&lt;br&gt;'''vyenaz'''....''coefficient''&lt;br&gt;'''vyenxer'''...''relate''&lt;br&gt;'''vyesag'''....''ratio''&lt;br&gt;'''vyeson'''....''subject''&lt;br&gt;'''vyel'''....''relative to, than''&lt;br&gt;'''vyesun'''....''object''&lt;br&gt;'''vyet'''...''kin''&lt;br&gt;'''vyetepa'''....''subjective''&lt;br&gt;'''vyetexer'''....''consider''&lt;br&gt;'''vyexeon'''....''circumstance''&lt;br&gt;'''vyexer'''....''correlate''||valign=top| '''vyoa'''....''false''&lt;br&gt;'''vyoan'''....''falseness''&lt;br&gt;'''vyom'''....''fiction''&lt;br&gt;'''vyomdin'''....''fairy tale''&lt;br&gt;'''vyomeper'''....''err''&lt;br&gt;'''vyomepxer'''....''misroute''&lt;br&gt;'''vyomsin'''....''illusion''&lt;br&gt;'''vyomvatex'''....''superstition''&lt;br&gt;'''vyon'''...''fault''&lt;br&gt;'''vyonap'''...''disorder''&lt;br&gt;'''vyonder'''....''lie''&lt;br&gt;'''vyonober'''....''excuse''&lt;br&gt;'''vyons'''....''failure''&lt;br&gt;'''vyonxer'''...''transgress''&lt;br&gt;'''vyosauna'''....''counterfeit''&lt;br&gt;'''vyosyen'''....''artifice''&lt;br&gt;'''vyotepa'''....''foolish''&lt;br&gt;'''vyotesier'''....''misinterpret''&lt;br&gt;'''vyotester'''....''misunderstand''&lt;br&gt;'''vyotex'''....''fallacy''&lt;br&gt;'''vyotipan'''....''treason''&lt;br&gt;'''vyoxler'''....''traffic''&lt;br&gt;'''vyoyeker'''...''debunk''&lt;br&gt;'''vyoyixler'''....''betray''
|}

: There is also the hybird truth particle '''vyao''', meaning ''true or false'', eg.: '''Et tojba hua twob.  Vyao?'''....''You killed that man.  True or false?''
 
: Factive adverbs: 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Factive Adverbs
|-
! FACTIVE ADVERB !! EXAMPLE
|-
|'''vay'''....''indeed, really, do/does  ''||'''Aat &lt;u&gt;vay&lt;/u&gt; tide et.'''....''We &lt;u&gt;really do&lt;/u&gt; understand you.''  &lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Vay&lt;/u&gt; upu gajod.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Do&lt;/u&gt; come again.''  
|-
|'''vey'''....''may, maybe, perhaps, might  ''||'''&lt;u&gt;Vey&lt;/u&gt; mamilo.'''....''It &lt;u&gt;may&lt;/u&gt; rain.''  
|-
|'''voy'''....''not  ''||'''Et &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; se ata xeb.'''....''You are &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; my boss.''  
|}

: Factive Responses  

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Factive Responses
|-
! FACTIVE RESPONSE !! EXAMPLE
|-
|'''va'''....''yes''||'''&lt;u&gt;Va&lt;/u&gt;, at tide.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Yes&lt;/u&gt;, I understand.''  
|-
|'''ve'''....''maybe, perhaps''||'''&lt;u&gt;Ve&lt;/u&gt;. At voy te.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Maybe&lt;/u&gt;, I don't know.''  
|-
|'''vo'''....''no''||'''&lt;u&gt;Vo.&lt;/u&gt; Et yofe ayser has.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt;.  You can't have it.''  
|-
|'''vao'''....''yes or no''||'''Et se tadxwa, vao?''''....''You are married, &lt;u&gt;right or wrong&lt;/u&gt;?''
|}

:  Complementizers

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Complementizers
|-
! COMPLEMENTIZER !! EXAMPLE
|-
|'''van'''....''that''||'''At ta &lt;u&gt;van&lt;/u&gt; et upo.'''....''I knew (&lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt;) you would come.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Van&lt;/u&gt; yat fyadilu.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Let's&lt;/u&gt; pray.''  
|-
|'''ven'''....''if, whether''||'''&lt;u&gt;Ven&lt;/u&gt; et peso, at pio.'''....''&lt;u&gt;If&lt;/u&gt; you stay, I will leave.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Ven&lt;/u&gt; at su et, at peso.'''....''If I were you, I'd stay.''&lt;br&gt;'''At voy te &lt;u&gt;ve&lt;/u&gt;n mamilo.'''....''I don't know &lt;u&gt;whether&lt;/u&gt; it will rain.''  
|-
|'''von'''....''lest, that...not, don&amp;apos;t''|| '''At yufa &lt;u&gt;von&lt;/u&gt; it toju.'''....''I feared &lt;u&gt;lest&lt;/u&gt; he die.''&lt;br&gt;'''At ojfe &lt;u&gt;von&lt;/u&gt; et piu.'''....''I wish you wouldn't (=&lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt; you &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt;)go.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Von&lt;/u&gt; su huyen!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Don't&lt;/u&gt; be that way!''
|-
|'''duven'''....''Do...?, Say whether...?''||'''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; et tre huyt?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Do&lt;/u&gt; you know that female?''
|}

: Correlative conjunctions:  

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Correlative Conjunctions
|-
! CONJUNCTION !! EXAMPLE
|-
|'''ay'''....''and  ''||'''Et &lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt; at po hum.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;and&lt;/u&gt; I will go there.''
|-
|'''ey'''....''or  ''||'''Aat yake mamil &lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt; mamyoym.'''....''We expect rain &lt;u&gt;or&lt;/u&gt; snow.''
|-
|'''oy'''....''but  ''||'''At po &lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt; at voy beso glajob.'''....''I will go &lt;u&gt;but&lt;/u&gt; I won't stay long.''
|-
|'''ay/ey'''....''and/or''||'''Ha duzun yebio X &lt;u&gt;ay/ey&lt;/u&gt; Y.'''....''The concert will include X &lt;u&gt;and/or&lt;/u&gt; Y.''
|-
|'''hyaewa...ay'''....''both...and  ''||'''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewa&lt;/u&gt; et &lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt; at voduda.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Both&lt;/u&gt; you &lt;u&gt;and&lt;/u&gt; I answered no.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyaewati&lt;/u&gt; voduda.'''....''Both answered no.''  
|-
|'''Hyeawa...ey'''....''either...or  ''||'''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawa&lt;/u&gt; et &lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt; at ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Either&lt;/u&gt; you &lt;u&gt;or&lt;/u&gt; I will win.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyeawat&lt;/u&gt; ako.'''....''Either will win.''  
|-
|'''Hyoewa...ey'''....''neither...nor ''||'''Hyoewa et &lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt; at ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither&lt;/u&gt; you &lt;u&gt;nor&lt;/u&gt; I will win.''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;Hyoewat&lt;/u&gt; (bi ha ewati) ako.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Neither&lt;/u&gt; (of the two) will win.''
|}

: Some derivatives of '''va''', '''ve''', and '''vo''':

::*'''vader'''....''affirm, assent, say yes, approve, ratify, vouch  ''
::*'''vaduder'''....''answer yes, reply affirmatively  ''
::*'''vaa'''....''positive, affirmative  ''
::*'''vatin'''....''optimism  ''
::*'''vatexer'''....''think so, believe, trust  ''
::*'''vafer'''....''hope, anticipate  ''
::*'''valder'''....''assure, promise  ''

::*'''veder'''....''hesitate, say maybe, suppose, guess  ''
::*'''Vea'''....''possible  ''
::*'''vetin'''....''skepticism  ''
::*'''vetexer'''....''wonder, be skeptical, hedge  ''
::*'''vefer'''....''have qualms about, vacillate  ''
::*'''veduder'''....''equivocate, reply neither yes or no, answer maybe  ''
::*'''velder'''....''bet, wager  ''

::*'''voder'''....''deny, negate, veto, say no, decline  ''
::*'''voa'''....''negative  ''
::*'''vofer'''....''reject, despair  ''
::*'''votin'''....''pessimism  ''
::*'''votexer'''....''doubt, think not, disbelieve  ''
::*'''voduder'''....''answer no, reply negatively  ''
::*'''volder'''....''warn''

== The '''vi-''' (''Beautiful''), '''vyi-''' (''Clean'') Family ==

: Summary:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ VI-VU Family
|-
| '''via'''....''beautiful'' || '''vua'''....''ugly''
|-
| '''viya'''....''pretty'' || '''vuya'''....''nasty''
|-
| '''vila'''....''magnificent'' || 
|-
| '''vira'''....''marvelous'' ||
|-
| '''vria'''....''glamorous'' ||
|-
| '''vifa'''....''elegant'' || '''vufa'''....''vulgar''
|-
| '''vita'''....''classy'' || '''vuta'''....''wretched''
|-
| '''vioga'''....''cute'' ||
|-
| '''viaga'''....''sumptuous'' ||
|}


:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ VYI-VYU Family
|-
| '''vyia'''....''clean'' || '''vyua'''....''dirty''
|-
| '''vyida'''....''clear'' || '''vyuda'''....''muddled''
|-
| '''vyina'''....''pure'' || '''vyuna'''....''stained''
|-
| '''vyita'''....''chaste'' || '''vyuta'''....''sleazy''
|-
| '''vyiya'''....''neat'' || '''vyuya'''....''foul''
|}

== The '''am-''' (''hot''), '''im-''' (''wet'') Family ==

: Summary:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ AM-OM Family
|-
| '''ama'''....''hot'' || '''oma'''....''cold''
|-
| '''ayma'''....''warm'' || '''oyma'''....''cool''
|-
| '''aman'''....''heat'' || '''oman'''....''cold''
|-
| '''amxer'''....''to heat'' || '''omxer'''....''refrigerate''
|-
| '''yam'''....''fire'' || '''yom'''....''ice''
|-
| '''yamxer'''....''to burn'' || '''yomxer'''....''to freeze''
|-
| '''amar'''....''heater'' || '''omar'''....''refrigerator''
|-
| '''yamar'''....''stove'' || '''yomar'''....''icebox, freezer''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ IM-UM Family
|-
| '''ima'''....''wet'' || '''uma'''....''dry''
|-
| '''iyma'''....''humid'' || '''uyma'''....''dryish''
|-
| '''yim'''....''flood'' || '''yum'''....''drought''
|-
| '''iman'''....''wetness'' || '''uman'''....''dryness''
|-
| '''imxer'''....''to wet'' || '''umxer'''....''to dry''
|}

== Chart of Group 2 Base Words and Principal Derivatives ==

: Here is chart showing all of the group 2 base words in Mirad:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Group 2 Base Words and Principal Derivations
|-
! POSITIVE !! INTERMEDIATE !! NEGATIVE !! POSITIVE !! OPPOSITE
|-
|valign=top| '''ab'''....''on''&lt;br&gt;'''ayb'''....''over''&lt;br&gt;'''ab'''er....''put on'' ||valign=top| '''eb'''....''between''&lt;br&gt;'''eyb'''....''among''&lt;br&gt;'''eb'''er....''prevent'' || '''ob'''....''off''&lt;br&gt;'''oyb'''....''under''&lt;br&gt;'''ob'''er....''remove'' ||valign=top|'''ib'''....''away from''&lt;br&gt;'''ib'''er....''receive'' ||valign=top| '''ub'''....''toward''&lt;br&gt;'''ub'''er....''send''
|-
|valign=top| '''ap'''er....''get on'' ||valign=top| '''ep'''er....''intervene'' ||valign=top| '''op'''er....''get off'' ||valign=top| '''ip'''er....''leave'' ||valign=top| '''up'''er....''come''
|-
|valign=top| '''ba'''er....''lean''&lt;br&gt;'''bal'''er....''press''&lt;br&gt;'''bar'''er....''crush''&lt;br&gt;'''bas'''er....''make a stir''&lt;br&gt;'''bax'''er....''stroke, rub''&lt;br&gt;'''byas'''er....''stand''&lt;br&gt;'''byax'''er....''erect''&lt;br&gt;'''blas'''er....''fidget''&lt;br&gt;'''blax'''er....''rustle''&lt;br&gt;'''bras'''er....''shake''&lt;br&gt;'''brax'''er....''shake'' ||valign=top| '''be'''....''at''&lt;br&gt;'''be'''r....''put''&lt;br&gt;'''be'''er....''have''&lt;br&gt;'''bel'''er....''carry''&lt;br&gt;'''bes'''er....''stay''&lt;br&gt;'''bex'''er....''hold''&lt;br&gt;'''byes'''er....''behave''&lt;br&gt;'''byex'''er....''knock''&lt;br&gt;'''blex'''er....''detain''&lt;br&gt;'''brex'''er....''restrain'' ||valign=top| '''bo'''er....''support''&lt;br&gt;'''bo'''ler....''prop up''&lt;br&gt;'''bos'''er....''be still''&lt;br&gt;'''box'''er....''calm down''&lt;br&gt;'''byos'''er....''droop''&lt;br&gt;'''byox'''er....''hang''||valign=top| '''bi'''....''from''&lt;br&gt;'''bi'''er....''take''&lt;br&gt;'''bil'''er....''grab''&lt;br&gt;'''byi'''....''starting with''&lt;br&gt;'''byis'''er....''originate''&lt;br&gt;'''bix'''er....''pull''&lt;br&gt;'''blix'''er....''yank''&lt;br&gt;'''brix'''er....''uproot''||valign=top| '''bu'''....''to''&lt;br&gt;'''bu'''er....''give''&lt;br&gt;'''bux'''er....''push''&lt;br&gt;'''byu'''....''up to''&lt;br&gt;'''byux'''er....''touch''&lt;br&gt;'''blux'''er....''drive''&lt;br&gt;'''brux'''er....''kick''
|-
|valign=top| '''bay'''....''with'' ||valign=top| '''bey'''....''by'' ||valign=top| '''boy'''....''without'' || ||  
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yeb'''....''in''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yub'''....''near''
|-
| '''yap'''er.... ''rise'' || '''yep'''er.... ''enter''&lt;br&gt;'''oyep'''er....''exit'' || '''yop'''er.... ''descend'' || '''yip'''er.... ''flee'' || '''yup'''er.... ''approach''
|-
|valign=top| '''pas'''er.... ''move''&lt;br&gt;'''pya'''er.... ''hover''&lt;br&gt;'''pyas'''er....''surge''&lt;br&gt;'''pyax'''er....''shoot''&lt;br&gt;'''plax'''er....''shake, wipe''&lt;br&gt;'''prax'''er....''brush''&lt;br&gt;'''pap'''er....''fly'' ||valign=top| '''p'''er.... ''go''&lt;br&gt;'''pes'''er.... ''wait''&lt;br&gt;'''pex'''er....''trap''&lt;br&gt;'''pyex'''er....''strike''&lt;br&gt;'''plex'''er....''beat''&lt;br&gt;'''prex'''er....''crash''&lt;br&gt;'''pep'''er....''ride'' ||valign=top| '''pos'''er....''rest''&lt;br&gt;'''pox'''er....''stop''&lt;br&gt;'''pyos'''er.... ''fall''&lt;br&gt;'''pyox'''er....''drop''&lt;br&gt;'''plox'''er....''sink''&lt;br&gt;'''prox'''er....''drown''&lt;br&gt;'''pop'''er....''travel'' ||valign=top| '''pi'''er....''depart''&lt;br&gt;'''pix'''er....''catch''&lt;br&gt;'''pyi'''er.... ''originate''&lt;br&gt;'''plix'''er....''capture''&lt;br&gt;'''prix'''er....''rape''&lt;br&gt;'''pip'''er....''sail'' ||valign=top| '''pu'''er.... ''arrive''&lt;br&gt;'''pus'''er....''jump''&lt;br&gt;'''pux'''er....''throw''&lt;br&gt;'''pyu'''er.... ''reach''&lt;br&gt;'''pyux'''er....''impact''&lt;br&gt;'''plux'''er....''thrust''&lt;br&gt;'''prux'''er....''shoot''&lt;br&gt;'''pup'''er....''tunnel''
|-
| '''af'''er....''permit'' || '''ef'''er....''need'' || '''of'''er....''prohibit'' || '''if'''er....''love'' || '''uf'''er....''hate''
|-
|  || '''f'''er....''want'' ||  ||  '''fi'''a.... ''good'' || '''fu'''a.... ''bad''
|-
| '''fya'''a....''holy'' || || '''fyo'''a....''profane'' || '''fyi'''a....''useful'' || '''fyu'''a....''harmful''
|-
| '''yaf'''er....''can'' || '''yef'''er....''must'' || '''yof'''er....''cannot'' || '''yif'''er....''dare'' || '''yuf'''er....''fear''
|-
|valign=top| '''ga'''....''more''&lt;br&gt;'''gab'''er....''add''&lt;br&gt;'''gal'''er....''multiply''&lt;br&gt;'''gal'''er....''exponentiate''&lt;br&gt;'''gax'''er....''increase'' ||valign=top| '''ge'''er....''equal'' ||valign=top| '''go'''....''less''&lt;br&gt;'''gob'''er....''subtract''&lt;br&gt;'''gol'''er....''divide''&lt;br&gt;'''gorer'''....''get the root of''&lt;br&gt;'''gox'''er....''decrease'' ||valign=top|  '''gi'''n.... ''point'' || '''gu'''n.... ''angle''
|-
| '''gwa'''.... ''most'' || '''gwe'''.... ''just'' || '''gwo'''.... ''least'' || || 
|-
| '''gya'''a.... ''fat'' ||  || '''gyo'''a.... ''thin'' || '''gyi'''a.... ''solid''|| '''gyu'''a....''fragile'' 
|-
| '''gla'''.... ''much'' || '''gle'''.... ''rather'' || '''glo'''.... ''few'' || || 
|-
| '''gra'''.... ''too'' || '''gre'''.... ''enough'' || '''gro'''.... ''too little'' || || 
|-
| '''ag'''a.... ''big'' || '''eg'''a.... ''normal'' || '''og'''a.... ''small'' ||  '''ig'''a.... ''fast'' || '''ug'''a.... ''slow''
|-
| '''yag'''a.... ''long'' ||  || '''yog'''a.... ''short'' || '''yig'''a.... ''hard'' || '''yug'''a.... ''soft''
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' || '''je'''....''during'' || '''jo'''....''after'' ||  '''ji'''....''since'' || '''ju'''....''until''
|-
| '''jwa'''....''early'' || '''jwe'''....''on time'' || '''jwo'''....''late'' || || 
|-
| '''aj'''....''past'' || '''ej'''....''present'' || '''oj'''....''future'' || '''ij'''....''beginning'' || '''uj'''....''end''
|-
| '''taj'''er*....''be born'' || '''tej'''er*....''live'' || '''toj'''er*....''die'' || '''tij'''er*....''be awake'' || '''tuj'''er*....''sleep''
|-
|  || ||  || '''yij'''er....''open'' || '''yuj'''er....''close''
|-
| '''ka'''xer.... ''find'' || '''ke'''xer.... ''seek'' || '''ko'''xer.... ''hide'' || '''ki'''a.... ''oblique'' || '''ku'''a.... ''lateral''
|-
| '''kya'''a.... ''mobile'' || '''kye'''a.... ''haphazard'' || '''kyo'''a.... ''fixed'' || '''kyi'''a.... ''heavy'' || '''kyu'''a.... ''light''
|-
| '''ak'''er.... ''win'' || '''ek'''er.... ''play, risk'' || '''ok'''er....''lose'' || '''ik'''a.... ''full'' || '''uk'''a.... ''empty''
|-
| '''yak'''er.... ''expect'' || '''yek'''er.... ''try'' || '''yok'''er.... ''be surprised'' || '''yik'''a.... ''difficult'' || '''yuk'''a.... ''easy''
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' || '''ve'''....''maybe'' || '''vo'''....''no'' || '''vi'''a.... ''beautiful'' || '''vu'''a.... ''ugly''
|-
| '''vya'''a....''true'' || '''vye'''a.... ''relative'' || '''vyo'''a.... ''false'' || '''vyi'''a.... ''clean'' || '''vyu'''a.... ''dirty''
|-
| '''av'''....''for'' || '''ev'''a....''neutral'' || '''ov'''....''against'' || '''iv'''a.... ''happy'' || '''uv'''a.... ''sad''
|-
| '''yav'''a....''innocent'' || '''yev'''a....''fair'' || '''yov'''a....''guilty'' || '''yiv'''a....''free'' || '''yuv'''a....''captive''
|-
| '''yaz'''a....''convex'' || '''yez'''....''along'' || '''yoz'''a....''concave'' || '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yuz'''....''around''
|-
| '''za'''....''front'' || '''ze'''....''middle'' || '''zo'''....''behind'' || '''zi'''....''right'' || '''zu'''....''left''
|-
| '''zya'''a....''wide'' || '''zye'''....''through'' || '''zyo'''a....''narrow'' || '''zyi'''a....''flat'' || '''zyu'''a....''round''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' || '''zey'''....''across'' || '''zoy'''....''back'' ||  || 
|-
| '''az'''a....''strong'' || '''ez'''a....''moderate'' || '''oz'''a....''weak'' || '''iz'''a....''straight'' || '''uz'''a....''curved''
|-
| '''ha'''....''the'' || '''he'''a....''some'' || '''ho'''a....''which'' || '''hi'''a....''this'' || '''hu'''a....''that''
|-
| '''hya'''....''every'' || '''hye'''a....''any'' || '''hyo'''a....''no'' || '''hyi'''a....''same'' || '''hyu'''a....''other''
|-
| '''van'''....''that'' || '''ven'''....''whether'' || '''von'''....''lest'' || || 
|-
| '''hay'''....''hello''&lt;br&gt;'''hyay'''....''cheers''&lt;br&gt;'''hway'''....''thanks'' || '''hey'''....''hey''&lt;br&gt;'''hyey'''....''oh, well''&lt;br&gt;'''hwey'''....''you&amp;apos;re welcome'' || '''hoy'''....''goodbye''&lt;br&gt;'''hyoy'''....''boo''&lt;br&gt;'''hwoy'''....''sorry'' || '''hiy'''....''voici'' || '''huy'''....''voila''
|-
| '''ya(n)'''....''together'' || || '''yo(n)'''....''apart'' || ||
|-
| '''am'''a....''hot''&lt;br&gt;'''yam'''....''fire'' || || '''om'''a....''cold''&lt;br&gt;'''yom'''.... ''ice'' || '''im'''a....''wet''&lt;br&gt;'''yim'''....''flood'' || '''um'''a....''dry''&lt;br&gt;'''yum'''....''drought''
|-
| '''a(n)'''....''one'' || '''e(n)'''....''two'' || '''o(n)'''....''zero''&lt;br&gt;'''lo'''-....''un-, de-'' ||'''i(n)'''....''three'' || '''u(n)'''....''four''
|-
| '''ya(on)'''....''six'' || '''ye(on)'''....''seven'' || '''yo(on)'''....''five'' ||'''yi(on)'''....''eight'' || '''yu(on)'''....''nine''
|-
| '''ay'''....''and'' || '''ey'''....''or'' || '''oy'''....''but'' || ||
|}

:: *&lt;small&gt;Really, a hybrid of Group 1 and 2.&lt;/small&gt;

== Chart of Group 1 Scaled Base Words ==

: These group 1 base words are mostly hierarchical in nature with the zeroth element being at the top of the scale:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Group 1 Scaled Base Words
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''dab'''....''government'' || '''deb'''....''leader'' || '''dib'''....''administration'' || '''dub'''....''minister''|| || || || ||
|-
| '''dom'''....''city'' || '''dam'''....''metropolis'' || '''dem'''....''park'' ||'''dim'''....''fountain'' || || || || || ||
|-
| '''dot'''....''society'' || '''dat'''....''friend'' || '''det'''....''mate'' || '''dit'''....''citizen'' || '''dut'''....''sir''|| || || || ||
|-
| '''fob'''....''vegetation'' || '''fab'''....''tree'' || '''feb'''....''fruit'' || '''fib'''....''trunk'' || '''fub'''....''branch'' || '''fyob'''....''root'' || || || ||
|-
| '''job'''....''time'' || '''jab'''....''year'' || '''jeb'''....''season'' || '''jib'''....''month'' || '''jub'''....''day'' || '''jwob'''....''hour'' || '''jwab'''....''minute'' || '''jweb'''....''second'' || ||
|-
| '''mor'''....''universe'' || '''mar'''....''star'' || '''mer'''....''planet'' || '''mir'''....''world'' || '''mur'''....''moon'' || || || || ||
|-
| '''mol'''....''nature'' || '''mal'''....''air'' || '''mel'''....''soil'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''mul'''....''mineral'' || || || || ||
|-
| '''mos'''....''floor'' || '''mas'''....''wall'' || '''mes'''....''door'' || '''mis'''....''window'' || '''mus'''....''stairs'' || || || || ||
|-
| '''mop'''....''orbit'' || '''map'''....''wind'' || '''mep'''....''road'' || '''mip'''....''river'' || '''mup'''....''tunnel'' || || || || ||
|-
| '''nod'''....''point'' || '''nad'''....''line'' || '''ned'''....''plane'' || '''nid'''....''volume'' || '''nud'''....''column''|| || || || ||
|-
| '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''naf'''....''material'' || '''nef'''....''stitch,knit'' || '''nif'''....''fiber,thread'' || '''nuf'''....''button'' || || '''nyaf'''....''knot'' || '''nyef'''....''bag'' || '''nyif'''....''rope'' || '''nyuf'''....''package''
|-
| '''nog'''....''degree'' || '''nag'''....''measure'' || '''neg'''....''level'' || '''nig'''....''space''|| || || || || ||
|-
| '''som'''....''furniture'' || '''sam'''....''armoire'' || '''sem'''....''table'' || '''sim'''....''chair'' || '''sum'''....''bed''|| || || || ||
|-
| '''tob'''....''human'' || '''tab'''....''body'' || '''teb'''....''head'' || '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''tyob'''....''leg''|| || || ||
|-
| '''tod'''....''family'' || '''tad'''....''spouse'' || '''ted'''....''parent'' || '''tid'''....''sibling'' || '''tud'''....''child'' || '''tyod'''....''people, folk''||  || '''tyed'''....''relative'' ||  || 
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothing'' || '''taf'''....''suit'' || '''tef'''....''hat'' || '''tif'''....''vest'' || '''tuf'''....''sleeve'' ||'''tyof'''....''pants'' || || || ||
|-
| '''tov'''....''lingerie'' || '''tav'''....''robe'' || '''tev'''....''scarf'' || '''tiv'''....''shirt'' ||  ||'''tyov'''....''underpants'' || || || ||
|-
| '''tol'''....''nutrition'' ||  || '''tel'''....''food'' || '''til'''....''drink'' || '''tul'''....''dish''|| || '''tyal'''....''meal'' || || ||
|- 
| '''tom'''....''building'' || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tem'''....''hall'' || '''tim'''....''room'' || '''tum'''....''cell''|| || || || ||
|-
| '''vob'''....''plant'' || '''vab'''....''grass'' || '''veb'''....''seed'' || '''vib'''....''stem'' || '''vub'''....''blade'' || '''vyob'''....''root'' || || || ||
|}

== Chart of Group 1 Geo-physically Scaled Words ==

: These group 1 words have a vowel that indicates something about the position in the world or its geo-physical nature:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Group I Geo-physically Scaled Words
|-
! BASE WORD !! SKY !! LAND !! WATER !! UNDERGROUND 
|-
| '''mol'''....''nature'' || '''mal'''....''air'' || '''mel'''....''soil'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''mul'''....''matter''
|-
| '''mom'''....''outer space'' || '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''mem'''....''land'' || '''mim'''....''sea'' || '''mum'''....''underground''
|-
| '''mop'''....''orbit'' || '''map'''....''wind'' || '''mep'''....''road'' || '''mip'''....''river'' || '''mup'''....''tunnel''
|-
| '''mob'''....''chasm'' || || '''meb'''....''mountain'' || || '''mub'''....''cave''
|-
| '''mog'''....''ash'' || '''mag'''....''fire''&lt;br&gt;'''mak'''....''electricity'' || '''meg'''....''stone''&lt;br&gt;'''mek'''....''dust'' || ||'''mug'''....''metal''&lt;br&gt;'''muk'''....''mineral''
|-
| '''mov'''....''smoke'' || '''mav'''....''flame''&lt;br&gt;'''maf'''....''cloud'' || '''mef'''....''brick''&lt;br&gt;'''mev'''....''porcelain'' || || '''muf'''....''pole''&lt;br&gt;'''muv'''....''stick''
|-
| '''moj'''....''night'' || '''maj'''....''day'' || || ||
|-
| '''mon'''....''dark'' || '''man'''....''light'' || || ||
|-
| '''pot'''....''animal''&lt;br&gt;'''pyot'''....''wild animal'' || '''pat'''....''bird''&lt;br&gt;'''pyat'''....''bird of prey''&lt;br&gt;'''piat'''....''water fowl'' || '''pet'''....''land animal''&lt;br&gt;'''pelt'''....''insect''&lt;br&gt;'''pyet'''....''reptile'' || '''pit'''....''fish''&lt;br&gt;'''piit'''....''crustacean''&lt;br&gt;'''peit'''....''sea mammal''&lt;br&gt;'''pyeit'''....''mollusk''&lt;br&gt;'''pyit'''....''predator fish''||
|-
| '''dop'''....''military'' || '''dap'''....''air force'' || '''dep'''....''army'' || '''dip'''....''navy''&lt;br&gt;'''diep'''....''marines'' ||
|}

== Charts of Words Showing Mnemonic Parallelism ==

: The words in the following charts share some commonality, which is evident in their similar phonetics:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Tob Mnemonic Parallels
|-
! tob !! tab !! teb !! tib !! tub !! tyob !! tayob !! tayeb
|-
| ''man'' || body || ''head'' || ''trunk'' || ''arm'' || ''leg'' || ''skin'' || ''hair''
|-
! fob !! fab !! feb !! fib !! fub !! fyob !! fayob !! fayeb
|-
| ''plant'' || ''tree'' || ''fruit'' || ''trunk'' || ''branch'' || ''root'' || ''bark'' || ''leaf''
|-
! vob !! veb !! veb !! vib !! vub !! vyob !! vayob !! vayeb
|-
| ''vegetable'' || ''seed'' || ''tuft'' || ''stem'' || ''twig'' || ''root'' || ''peel'' || ''bud''
|-
!  !!  !! !!  !! patub !!  !! !! patayeb
|-
|  ||  ||  || || ''wing'' ||  || || ''feather''
|-
! pit !! !! piteb !!  !! pitub !!  !! !! pitayeb
|-
| ''fish'' || || ''fishhead'' ||  || ''fin'' ||  || || ''scale''
|-
! dob !! dab !! deb !! dib !! dub !!  !!  !! 
|-
| ''state'' || government || ''leader'' || ''administration'' || ''minister'' ||  ||  ||
|-
! '''xob''' || '''xab''' !! '''xeb''' !! !! '''xub'''  !! '''xyob''' || ||
|-
|''organization'' || ''staff'' ||''boss'' || || ''subdidiary'' || ''base'' || ||
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -eub Mnemonic Parallels
|-
! teub !! teus !! teud !! seux !! xeus !! deuz !! seuz !! xeuz
|-
| ''mouth'' || ''voice'' || ''shout'' || ''sound'' || ''noise'' || ''song'' || ''tone'' || ''tune''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -ayob Mnemonic Parallels
|-
! tayob !! fayob !! vayob !! tayof !!
|-
| ''skin'' || ''bark'' || ''peel'' || ''leather''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Tub Mnemonic Parallels
|-
|-
! tub !! fub !! vub !! fuf !! muf !! tiibuf !! movuf !! gimuf !! manuf !! fauf
|-
| arm || branch || twig || pipe || rod || artery || (smoking) pipe || skewer || candle || log
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -eab Mnemonic Parallels&quot;
|-
! '''teab''' !! ''eye''
|-
| '''teater''' || ''see''
|-
| '''teaxer''' || ''look''
|-
| '''teaser''' || ''seem''
|-
| '''teaper''' || ''visit''
|-
| '''egteaper''' || ''revisit''
|-
| '''teader''' || ''witness''
|-
| '''teazer''' || ''notice''
|-
| '''teatier''' || ''perceive''
|-
| '''teatuer''' || ''show''
|-
| '''beaxer''' || ''watch''
|-
| '''neaxer''' || ''aim''
|-
| '''vyateaxer''' || ''examine''
|-
| '''vyabeaxer''' || ''inspect''
|-
| '''vyaleaxer''' || ''check''
|-
| '''izteader''' || ''indicate''
|-
| '''izteatuer''' || ''point out''
|-
| '''izteaxer''' || ''focus''
|-
| '''abteaxer''' || ''survey''
|-
| '''yagteaxer''' || ''stare''
|-
| '''igteaxer''' || ''glance''
|-
| '''egteaser''' || ''reappear''
|-
| '''yozteatuer''' || ''display, expose''
|-
| '''jateater''' || ''foresee''
|-
| '''jateaxer''' || ''preview''
|-
| '''yonteater''' || ''distinguish''
|-
| '''oteaser''' || ''disappear''
|-
| '''vyateatuer''' || ''prove''
|-
| '''zyeteaxer''' || ''peek''
|-
| '''zyoteaxer''' || ''peer''
|-
| '''ugteaxer''' || ''gaze''
|-
| '''yuzteaxer''' || ''look around''
|-
| '''yubteaxer''' || ''scrutinize''
|-
| '''kyoteaxer''' || ''glare''
|-
| '''yogteaxer''' || ''glimpse''
|-
| '''joteaxer''' || ''review''
|-
| '''zoyteaxer''' || ''look back''
|-
| '''zayteaxer''' || ''look ahead''
|-
| '''ojteader''' || ''warn''
|-
| '''tepteatier''' || ''consider''
|-
| '''kuteaxer''' || ''observe''
|-
| '''ejeatuer''' || ''present''
|-
| '''ejeaser''' || ''show up, appear''
|-
| '''utejeaser''' || ''represent''
|-
| '''ajteaxer''' || ''review''
|-
| '''ojteaxer''' || ''expect, envisage''
|-
| '''yoveater''' || ''suspect''
|-
| '''kiteaxer''' || ''look askance''
|-
| '''yizteaxer''' || ''look beyond''
|-
| '''zeyteaxer''' || ''look across''
|-
| '''fyateater''' || ''respect''
|-
| '''vyoteas''' || ''illusion''
|-
| '''vyamteaser''' || ''seem true''
|-
| '''koteaxer''' || ''sneak a peek''
|-
| '''ziteaxer''' || ''look right''
|-
| '''zuteaxer''' || ''look left''
|-
| '''eyteaxer''' || ''squint''
|-
| '''zyateaxer''' || ''peruse, scan''
|-
| '''fateaber''' || ''blink''
|-
| '''teabigyujer''' || ''wink''
|-
| '''teabiler''' || ''weep, tear up''
|}

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -z Mnemonic Parallels&quot;
|- 
! nas !! teb !! tuyub !! tilab !! tuyob !! tun !! tab !! teub !! sin !! teeb !! nas !! teib !! vos !! drer !! ten
|-
| ''money'' || ''head'' || ''finger'' || ''breast'' || ''wrist'' || ''science'' || ''body'' || ''mouth'' || ''image'' || ''ear'' || ''money'' || ''nose'' || ''flower'' || ''write'' || ''knowledge''
|- 
! noz !! tebuz !! tuyuz !! tilaz !! tuyoz !! tuz !! taz !! deuz !! siz !! teebuz !! naz!! teiz !! voz !! drez !! tez
|-
| ''jewel'' || ''crown'' || ''ring'' || ''broche'' || ''bracelet'' || ''art'' || ''statue'' || ''song'' || ''painting'' || ''earring'' || ''value'' || ''perfume'' || ''color'' || ''poetry'' || ''culture''
|}

== Geographic Proper Names ==

: As in English, Geograpic names are capitalized, including languages (cf. French, where languages are lower cased).


=== Continents and Their Inhabitants ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Continents
|-
! PLACE !! ADJECTIVE !! INHABITANT
|-
| '''Asyam'''....''Asia'' || '''Asyama'''....''Asian'' || '''Asyat'''....''Asian''
|-
| '''Amera Amerikam'''....''North America'' || '''Amera Amerikama'''....''North American'' || '''Amera Amerikat'''....''North American''
|-
| '''Omera Amerikam'''....''South America'' || '''Omera Amerikama'''....''South American'' || '''Omera Amerikat'''....''South American''
|-
| '''Afrikam'''....''Africa'' || '''Afrikama'''....''African'' || '''Afrikat'''....''African''
|-
| '''Antarktikam'''....''Antarctica'' || '''Antarktika'''....''Antarctic'' || '''Antarktikat'''....''Antarctic''
|-
| '''Australyam'''....''Australia'' || '''Australyama'''....''Australian'' || '''Australyama'''....''Australian''
|}

=== Directional and Other Specifiers in Geographic Names ===

: Many geographic names are preceded with directional or other specifiers:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Geographic Specifiers
|-
! SPECIFIER
|-
| '''Amera'''....''North(ern)''
|-
| '''Omira'''....''South(ern)''
|-
| '''Imera'''....''East(ern)''
|-
| '''Umera'''....''West(ern)''
|-
| '''Zea'''....''Central, Middle''
|-
| '''Yeba'''....''Inner''
|-
| '''Oyeba'''....''Outer''
|-
| '''Ejna'''....''New''
|-
| '''Ajna'''....''Old''
|- 
| '''Yuba'''....''Near''
|-
| '''Yiba'''....''Far''
|}

: For example:

:* '''Omera Afrikam'''....''South Africa''
:* '''Zea Amerikam'''....''Central America''
:* '''Oyeba Mongolyam'''....''Outer Mongolia''
:* '''Yiba Imir'''....''Far East''
:* '''Ejna Englam'''....''New England''

=== Countries, Inhabitants, and Languages ===

:{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! COUNTRY !! ADJECTIVE !! INHABITANT !! LANGUAGE
|-
! '''-am''' !! '''-a / -ama''' !! '''-at''' !! '''-ad'''
|-
| '''Afganam'''....''Afghanistan'' || '''Afgana &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Afganama'''....''Afghani'' || '''Afganat'''....''Afghan'' || --
|-
| '''Afrikam'''....''Africa'' || '''Afrika / Afrikama'''....''African'' || '''Afrikat'''....''African'' || --
|-
| '''Albanam'''....''Albania'' || '''Albana&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Albanama'''....''Albanian'' || '''Albanat'''....''Albanian'' || '''Albanad'''....''Albanian''
|-
| '''Algeryam'''....''Algeria'' || '''Algerya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Algeryama'''....''Algerian'' || '''Algeryat'''....''Alergian'' || --
|-
| '''Amerikam'''....''America'' || '''Amerika&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Amerikama'''....''American'' || '''Amerikat'''....''American'' || --
|-
| '''Andoram'''....''Andorra'' || '''Andora&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Andorama'''....''Andorran'' || '''Andorat'''....''Andoran'' || --
|-
| '''Angolam'''....''Angola'' || '''Angola&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Angolama'''....''Angolan'' || '''Angolat'''....''Angolan'' || --
|-
| '''Anxwa Doebi (bi Amerikam)'''....''United States (of America)'' || '''ADAma'''....''U.S.'' || '''ADAt'''....''U.S.citizen''|| --
|-
| '''Anxwa Edab'''....''United Kingdom'' || '''Anxwa Edaba'''....''of the UK''|| '''Anxwa Edabat'''....''UK national'' ||--
|-
| '''Arabam'''....''Arabia'' || '''Araba&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Arabama'''....''Arabian'' || '''Arabat'''....''Arab'' || '''Arabad'''....''Arabic''
|-
| '''Argentinam'''....''Argentina'' || '''Argentina&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Argentinama'''....''Argentin'' || '''Argentinat'''....''Argentinian'' || --
|-
| '''Awstralyam'''....''Australia'' || '''Awstralya'''....''Australian'' || '''Awstralyat'''....''Australian'' || --
|-
| '''Awstriyam'''....''Austria'' || '''Awstriya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Awstriyama'''....''Austrian'' || '''Awstriyat'''....''Austrian'' || --
|-
| '''Bahraynam'''....''Bahrain'' || '''Bahrayna&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Bahraynama'''....''Bahraini'' || '''Bahraynat'''....''Bahraini'' || --
|-
| '''Belgam'''....''Belgium'' || '''Belga&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Belgama'''....''Belgian'' || '''Belgat'''....''Belgian'' || --
|-
| '''Bolivyam'''....''Bolivia'' || '''Bolivya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Bolivyama'''....''Bolivian'' || '''Bolivyat'''....''Bolivian'' || --
|-
| '''Botswanam'''....''Botswana'' || '''Botswana&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Botswanama'''....''Botswanian'' || '''Botswanat'''....''Botswanian'' || --
|-
| '''Brazilam'''....''Brazil'' || '''Brazila&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Brazilama'''....''Brazilian'' || '''Brazilat'''....''Brazilian'' || --
|-
| '''Bretanyam'''....''Britain'' || '''Bretanya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Bretanyama'''....''British'' || '''Bretanyat'''....''Brit'' || --
|-
| '''Bruneyam'''....''Brunei'' || '''Bruneya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Bruneyama'''....''Brunei'' || '''Bruneyat'''....''Bruneian''  || --
|-
| '''Bulgaryam'''....''Bulgaria''  || '''Bulgarya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Bulgaryama'''....''Bulgarian'' || '''Bulgaryat'''....''Bulagian'' || '''Bulgaryad'''....''Bulgarian''
|-
| '''Burmam'''....''Burma'' || '''Burmama'''....''Burmese'' || '''Burmat'''....''Burmese'' || '''Burmad'''....''Burmese''
|-
| '''Cadam'''....''Chad'' || '''Cada&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Cadama'''....''Chadean'' || '''Cadat'''....''Chadean'' || --
|-
| '''Cekyam'''....''Czech Republic'' || '''Cekya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Cekyama'''....''Czech'' || '''Cekyat'''....''Czech'' || '''Cekyad'''....''Czech''
|-
| '''Cileam'''....''Chile'' || '''Cilea&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Cileama'''....''Chilean'' || '''Cileat'''....''Chilean'' || --
|-
| '''Cinam'''....''China'' || '''Cina&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Cinama'''....''Chinese'' || '''Cinat'''....''Chinese'' || '''Cinad'''....''Chinese''
|-
| '''Cipram'''....''Cyprus'' || '''Cipra&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ciprama'''....''Cypriot'' || '''Ciprat'''....''Cypriot'' || --
|-
| '''Danyam'''....''Denmark'' || '''Danya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Danyama'''....''Danish'' || '''Danyat'''....''Dane'' || '''Danyad'''....''Danish''
|-
| '''Domenikam'''....''Domenican Republic'' || '''Domenika&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Domenikama'''....''Domenican'' || '''Domenikat'''....''Domenican'' || --
|-
| '''Egiptam'''....''Egypt'' || '''Egipta&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Egiptama'''....''Egyptian'' || '''Egiptat'''....''Egyptian'' || --
|-
| '''Ekwadoram'''....''Equador'' || '''Ekwadora&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ekwadorama'''....''Equadorean'' || '''Ekwadorat'''....''Equadoran'' || --
|-
| '''Englam'''....''England'' || '''Engla&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Englama'''....''English'' || '''Englat'''....''Englishman'' || '''Englad'''....''English''
|-
| '''Eritram'''....''Eritrea'' || '''Eritra&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Eritrama'''....''Eritrean'' || '''Eritrat'''....''Eritrean'' || '''Eritrad'''....''Eritrean''
|-
| '''Estyam'''....''Estonia'' || '''Estya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Estyama'''....''Estonian'' || '''Estyat'''....''Estonian'' ||  '''Estyad'''....''Estonian''
|-
| '''Etyopyam'''....''Ethiopia'' || '''Etyopya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Etyopyama'''....''Ethiopian'' || '''Etyopyat'''....''Ethiopian'' || '''Etyopyad'''....''Ethiopic, Amharic''
|-
| '''Europam'''....''Europe'' || '''Europa'''&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Europama'''....''European'' || '''Europat'''....''European'' || --
|-
| '''Filipinam'''....''Philippines'' || '''Filipina&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Filipinama'''....''Philippine'' || '''Filipinat''' ''Filipino'' || --
|-
| '''Fijyam'''....''Fiji'' || '''Fijya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Fijyama'''....''Fijian'' || '''Fijyat'''....''Fijian'' || '''Fijiad'''....''Fijian'' 
|-
| '''Finyam'''....''Finland'' || '''Finya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Finyama'''....''Finnish''  || '''Finyat'''....''Finn'' || '''Finyad'''....''Finnish''
|-
| '''Fransam'''....''France'' || '''Fransa&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Fransama'''....''French'' || '''Fransat'''....''Frenchman'' || '''Fransad'''....''French''
|-
| '''Germanyam'''....''Germany'' || '''Germanya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Germanyama'''....''Germany'' || '''Germanyat'''....''German'' || '''Germanyad'''....''German''
|-
| '''Grinlandam'''....''Greenland'' || '''Grinlanda&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Grinlandama'''....''Greenlandian'' || '''Grinlandat'''....'' Greenlander'' || --
|-
| '''Gwatemalam'''....''Guatemala'' || '''Gwatemala&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Gwatemalama'''....''Guatemalan'' || '''Guatemalat'''....''Guatemalan'' || --
|-
| '''Haitiyam'''....''Haiti'' || '''Haitiya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Haitiyama'''....''Haitian'' || '''Haitiyat'''....''Haitian'' || '''Haitiyad'''....''Haitian''
|-
| '''Helenam'''....''Greece'' || '''Helena&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Helenama'''....''Greek'' || '''Helenat'''....''Greek''  || '''Helenad'''....''Greek''
|-
| '''Helvetam'''....''Switzerland'' || '''Helveta&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Helvetama'''....''Swiss'' || '''Helvetat'''....''Swiss'' || --
|-
| '''Hindam'''....''India'' || '''Hinda&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Hindama'''....''Indian'' || '''Hindat'''....''Indian'' || '''Hindad'''....''Hindu''
|-
| '''Holandam'''....''Netherlands'' || '''Holanda&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Holandama'''....''Dutch'' || '''Holandat'''....''Dutchman''  || '''Holandad'''....''Dutch''
|-
| '''Indonesyam'''....''Indonesia'' || '''Indonesya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Indonesyama'''....''Indonesian'' || '''Indonesyat'''....''Indonesian'' || '''Indonesyad'''....''Indonesian''
|-
| '''Irakam'''....''Iraq'' || '''Iraka&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Irakama'''....''Iraqi'' || '''Irakat'''....''Iraqi'' || --
|-
| '''Irlandam'''....''Ireland'' || '''Irlanda&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Irlandama'''....''Irish'' || '''Irlandat'''....''Irish'' || '''Irlandad'''....''Irish''
|-
| '''Islandam'''....''Iceland'' || '''Islanda&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Islandama'''....''Icelandic'' || '''Islandat'''....''Icelander'' || '''Islandad'''....''Icelandic''
|-
| '''Israylam'''....''Israel'' || '''Israyla&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Israylama'''....''Israyli'' || '''Israylat'''....''Israeli'' || '''Israylad'''
|-
| '''Italyam'''....''Italy'' || '''Italya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Italyama'''....''Italian'' || '''Italyat'''....''Italian'' || '''Italyad'''....''Italian''
|-
| '''Ejna Zelandam'''....''New Zealand'' || '''Ejna Zelanda'''....''New Zealandese'' || '''Ejna Zelandat'''....''New Zealander'' || --
|-
| '''Jordanam'''....''Jordan'' || '''Jordana&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Jordanama'''....''Jordan'' || '''Jordanat'''....''Jordanese'' || --
|-
| '''Kampucam'''....''Cambodia'' || '''Kampuca&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kampucama'''....''Cambodian'' || '''Kampucat'''....''Cambodian'' || '''Kampucat'''....''Cambodian''
|-
| '''Kanadam'''....''Canada'' || '''Kanadamama'''....''Canadian'' || '''Kanadat'''....''Canadian'' || --
|-
| '''Kartvelam'''....''Georgia'' || '''Kartvela&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kartvelama'''....''Georgian'' || '''Kartvelat'''....''Georgian'' || '''Kartvelad'''....''Georgian''
|-
| '''Kataram'''....''Qatar'' || '''Katara'''....''Qatari'' || '''Katarat'''....''Qatari'' || --
|-
| '''Kazakam'''....''Kazakstan'' || '''Kazaka&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kazakama'''....''Kazakh'' || '''Kazakat'''....''Kazazh'' || '''Kazakad'''....''Kazakh''
|-
| '''Kenyam'''....''Kenya'' || '''Kenya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kenyama'''....''Kenyan'' || '''Kenyat'''....''Kenyan'' || -- 
|-
| '''Kenyam'''....''Kenya'' || '''Kenya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kenyama'''....''Kenyan'' || '''Kenyat'''....''Kenyan'' || '''Kenyad'''....''Kenyan''
|-
| '''Kirgizam'''....''Kirghistan'' || '''Kirgiza&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kirgizama'''....''Kirghiz'' || '''Kirgizat'''....''Kirghiz'' || '''Kirgizad'''....''Kirghiz''
|-
| '''Kolombyam'''....''Columbia'' || '''Kolombya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kolombyama'''....''Columbian'' || '''Kolombyat'''....''Columbian'' || --
|-
| '''Kroatyam'''....''Croatia'' || '''Kroatya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kroatyama'''....''Croatian'' || '''Kroatyat'''....''Croat'' || '''Kroatyad'''....''Croatian''
|-
| '''Kubam'''....''Cuba'' || '''Kuba&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kubama'''....''Cuban'' || '''Kubat'''....''Cuban'' ||
|-
| '''Kuwaytam'''....''Kuwait'' || '''Kuwayta&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kuwaytama'''....''Kuwaiti'' || '''Kuwaytat'''....''Kuwaiti'' || --
|-
| '''Laotam'''....''Laos'' || '''Laota&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Laotama'''....''Laotian'' || '''Laotat'''....''Lao'' || '''Laotad'''....''Lao''
|-
| '''Latyam'''....''Latvia'' || '''Latya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Latyama'''....''Latvian'' || '''Latyat'''....''Latvian'' || '''Latyad'''....''Latvia''
|-
| '''Lebanam'''....''Lebanon'' || '''Lebana&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Lebanama'''....''Lebanese'' || '''Lebanat'''....''Lebanese'' || --
|-
| '''Libyam'''....''Libya'' || '''Libya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Libyama'''....''Libyanese'' || '''Libyat'''....''Libyanese'' || --
|-
| '''Litwam'''....''Lithuania'' || '''Litwa&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Litwama'''....''Lithuanian'' || '''Litwat'''....''Lithuanian'' || '''Litwad'''....''Lithuanian''
|-
| '''Luksemburgam'''....''Luxemburg'' || '''Lusemburga&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Lusemburgama'''....''Luxemburg'' || '''Luksemburgat'''....''Luxemburger'' || --
|-
| '''Madagaskaram'''....''Madagascar'' || '''Madagaskara&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Madagaskarama'''....''Madagascaran'' || '''Madagaskarat'''....''Madagascarn'' || --
|-
| '''Magyaram'''....''Hungarian''  || '''Magyara&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Magyarama'''....''Hungarian'' || '''Magyarat'''....''Hungarian'' || '''Magyarad'''....''Hungarian''
|-
| '''Malayam'''....''Malaysia'' || '''Malaya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Malayama'''....''Malay'' || '''Malayat'''....''Malaysian'' || '''Malayad'''....''Malay''
|-
| '''Maltam'''....''Malta'' || '''Malta&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Maltama'''....''Maltese'' || '''Maltat'''....''Maltese'' || '''Maltad'''....''Maltese''
|-
| '''Meksikam'''....''Mexico'' || '''Meksikamama'''....''Mexican'' || '''Meksikat'''....''Mexican'' || --
|-
| '''Mongolyam'''....''Mongolia'' || '''Mongolya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Mongolyama'''....''Mongolese'' || '''Mongolyat'''....''Mongol'' || '''Mongolyad'''....''Mongolian''
|-
| '''Morokam'''....''Morocco'' || '''Moroka&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Morokama'''....''Moroccan''  || '''Morokat'''....''Moroccan'' || --
|-
| '''Mozambikam'''....''Mozambique'' || '''Mozambika&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Mozambikama'''....''Mozambican'' || '''Mozambikat'''....''Mozambicam'' || --
|-
| '''Namibyam'''....''Namibia'' || '''Namibya'''....''Namibian'' || '''Namibyat'''....''Namibian'' || 
|-
| '''Nepalam'''....''Nepal'' || '''Nepala&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Nepalama'''....''Nepalese'' || '''Nepalat'''....''Nepalese'' || '''Nepalad'''....''Nepalese''
|-
| '''Nigeryam'''....''Nigeria'' || '''Nigerya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Nigeryama'''....''Nigeria'' || '''Nigeryat'''....''Nigerian'' || '''Nigeryad'''....''Nigerian''
|-
| '''Niponam'''....''Japan'' || '''Nipona&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Niponama'''....''Japanese''  || '''Niponat'''....''Japanese'' || '''Niponad'''....''Japanese''
|-
| '''Norvegam'''....''Norway'' || '''Norvega&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Norvegama'''....''Norwegian'' || '''Norvegat'''....''Norwegian'' || '''Norvegad'''....''Norwegian''
|-
| '''Omanam'''....''Oman'' || '''Omana&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Omanama'''....''Omani'' || '''Omanat'''....''Omani'' || --
|-
| '''Pakam'''....''Pakistan'' || '''Paka&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Pakama'''....''Pakistanian'' || '''Pakat'''....''Pakistani'' || --
|-
| '''Paragwayam'''....''Paraguay'' || '''Pargwaya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Pargwayama'''....''Paraguayan'' || '''Paragwyat'''....''Paraguayan'' || --
|-
| '''Persam'''....''Iran'' || '''Persa&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Persama'''....''Iranian'' || '''Persat'''....''Iranian'' || '''Persad'''....''Persian''
|-
| '''Peruvyam'''....''Peru'' || '''Peruvya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Peruvyama'''....''Peruvian'' || '''Peruvyat'''....''Peruvian'' || --
|-
| '''Polam'''....''Poland'' || '''Pola&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Polama'''....''Polish'' || '''Polat'''....''Pole'' || '''Polad'''....''Polish''
|-
| '''Portugalam'''....''Portugal'' || '''Portugala&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Portugalama'''....''Portuguese'' || '''Portugalat'''....''Potuguese'' || '''Portugalad'''....''Portuguese''
|-
| '''Pwertorikam'''....''Puerto Rico'' || '''Pwertorika&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Pwertorikama'''....''Puerto Rican'' || '''Pwertorikat'''....''Puerto Rican'' || --
|-
| '''Romanyam'''....''Romanian'' || '''Romanya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Romanyama'''....''Romanian'' || '''Romanyat'''....''Romanian'' || '''Romanyad'''....''Romanian''
|-
| '''Rusam'''....''Russia'' || '''Rusa&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Rusama'''....''Russian'' || '''Rusat'''....''Russian'' || '''Rad'''....''Russian''
|-
| '''Rwandam'''....''Rwanda'' || '''Rwanda&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Rwandama'''....''Rwandan'' || '''Rwandat'''....''Rwandan'' || '''Rwandad'''....''Kinyarwanda''
|-
| '''Salvadoram'''....''San Salvador'' || '''Salvadora&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Salvadorama'''....''Salvadoran'' || '''Salvadorat'''....''Salvadoran'' || --
|-
| '''Sawdam'''....''Saudi Arabia'' || '''Sawda&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Sawdama'''....''Saudi'' || '''Sawdat'''....''Saudi'' || --
|-
| '''Senegalam'''....''Senegal'' || '''Senegala&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Senegalama'''....''Senegalese'' || '''Senegalat'''....''Senegalese'' || --
|-
| '''Serbyam'''....''Serbia'' || '''Serbya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Serbyama'''....''Serbian'' || '''Serbyat'''....''Serb''  || '''Serbyad'''....''Serbian''
|-
| '''Singaporam'''....''Singapore'' || '''Singapora&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Singaporama'''....''Singaporean'' || '''Singaporat'''....''Singaporean'' || --
|-
| '''Skotam'''....''Scotland'' || '''Skota&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Skotama'''....''Scottish'' || '''Skotat'''....''Scotlander'' || '''Skotad'''....''Scottish Gaelic''
|-
| '''Slovakyam'''....''Slovakia'' || '''Slovakya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Slovakyama'''....''Slovak'' || '''Slovakyat'''....''Slovak'' || '''Slovakyad'''....''Slovakian''
|-
| '''Slovenyam'''....''Slovenia'' || '''Slovenya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Slovenyama'''....''Slovene'' || '''Slovenyat'''....''Slovene'' || '''Slovenyad'''....''Slovenian''
|-
| '''Somalyam'''....''Somalia'' || '''Somalya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Somalyama'''....''Somali'' || '''Somalyat'''....''Somali'' || '''Somalyad'''....''Somali''
|-
| '''Spanyam'''....''Spain'' || '''Spanya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Spanyama'''....''Spanish'' || '''Spanyat'''....''Spaniard'' || '''Spanyad'''....''Spanish''
|-
| '''Sudanam'''....''Sudan'' || '''Sudana&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Sudanama'''....''Sudanese'' || '''Sudanat'''....''Sudanese'' || '''Sudanad'''....''Sudanese''
|-
| '''Suryam'''....''Syria'' || '''Surya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Suryama'''....''Syrian'' || '''Suryat'''....''Syrian'' || --
|-
| '''Swedam'''....''Sweden'' || '''Sweda&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Swedama'''....''Swedish'' || '''Swedat'''....''Swede'' || '''Swedad'''....''Swedish''
|-
| '''Tanzanam'''....''Tanzania'' || '''Tanzana&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Tanzanama'''....''Tanzanian'' || '''Tanzanat'''....''Tanzanian'' || '''Tanzanad'''....''Tanzanian''
|-
| '''Tayam'''....''Thailand'' || '''Taya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Tayama'''....''Thai'' || '''Tayat'''....''Thai'' || '''Tayad'''....''Thai''
|-
| '''Taywanam'''....''Taiwan'' || '''Taywana&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Taywanama'''....''Taiwanese'' || '''Taywanat'''....''Taiwanese'' || '''Taiwanad'''....''Taiwanese''
|-
| '''Tibetam'''....''Tibet'' || '''Tibeta&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Tibetama'''....''Tibetan'' || '''Tibetat'''....''Tibetan'' || '''Tibetad'''....''Tibetan''
|-
| '''Tunisyam'''....''Tunisia'' || '''Tunisya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Tunisyama'''....''Tunisian'' || '''Tunisyat'''....''Tunisian'' || --
|-
| '''Turkam'''....''Turkey'' || '''Turka&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Turkama'''....''Turkish'' || '''Turkat'''....''Turk'' || '''Turkad'''....''Turkish''
|-
| '''Ugandam'''....''Uganda'' || '''Uganda&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ugandama'''....''Ugandan'' || '''Ugandat'''....''Ugandan'' || '''Ugandad'''....''Ugandan''
|-
| '''Ukraynam'''....''Ukraine'' || '''Ukrayna&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ukraynama'''....''Ukraine'' || '''Ukraynat'''....''Ukrainian'' || '''Ukraynyad'''....''Ukrainian''
|-
| '''Urugwayam'''....''Uruguay'' || '''Urugwaya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Urugwayama'''....''Urugyuayan'' || '''Urugwayat'''....''Uruguayan'' || --
|-
| '''Vatikam'''....''Vatican State'' || '''Vatika&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Vatikama'''....''Vatican'' || '''Vatikat'''....''Vatican'' || --
|-
| '''Venezwelam'''....''Venezuela'' || '''Venezwela&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Venezwelama'''....''Venezuelan'' || '''Venezwelat'''....''Venezuelan'' || --
|-
| '''Vyetnam'''....''Vietnam'' || '''Vyetna&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Vyetnama'''....''Viet'' || '''Vyetnat'''....''Viet'' || '''Vyetnad'''....''Vietnamese''
|-
| '''Yemenam'''....''Yemen'' || '''Yemena&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Yemenama'''....''Yemeni'' || '''Yemanat'''....''Yemeni'' || --
|-
| '''Welxam'''....''Wales'' || '''Welxa&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Welxama'''....''Welsh'' || '''Welxat'''....''Welshman'' || '''Welxad'''....''Welsh''
|-
| '''Zambyam'''....''Zambia'' || '''Zambya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Zambyama'''....''Zambian'' || '''Zambyat'''....''Zambian'' || --
|-
| '''Amera Amerikam'''....''North America'' || '''Amera Amerikama'''....''North American'' || '''Amera Amerikat'''....''North American'' || --
|-
| '''Amera Koream'''....''North Korea'' || '''Amera Korea / Amera Koreana'''....''North Korean'' || '''Amera Koreat'''....''North Korean'' || '''Koread'''....''Korean''
|-
| '''Zayram'''....''Zaire'' || '''Zayra&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Zayrama'''....''Zairian'' || '''Zayrat'''....''Zairian'' || --
|-
| '''Zea Amerikam'''....''Central America'' || '''Zea Amerikama'''....''Central American'' || '''Zea Amerikat'''....''Central American'' || --
|-
| '''Zimbabwam'''....''Zimbabwe'' || '''Zimbabwa&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Zimbabwama'''....''Zimbabwean'' || '''Zimbabwat'''....''Zimbabwean'' || --
|-
| '''Omera Afrikam'''....''South Africa'' || '''Omera Afrikama'''....''South African'' || '''Omera Afrikat'''....''South African'' || --
|-
| '''Omera Koream'''....''South Korea'' || '''Omera Korea / Omira Koreama'''....''South Korean'' || '''Omera Koreat'''....''South Korean'' || '''Koread'''....''Korean''
|}

: Here are some languages not associated with any particular country name:

:* '''Swahilad'''....''Swahili''
:* '''Romad'''....''Roma'' (Gypsy)
:* '''Kurdad'''....''Kurdish''
:* '''Mirad'''....''Mirad'' (World Language)
:* '''Umerad'''....''Martian''
:* '''Klingonad'''....''Klingon''
:* '''Esperantad'''....''Esperanto''
:* '''Arabad'''....''Arabic''
::* '''Visauna Arabad'''....''Classical Arabic''
::* '''Ejyena Egona Arabad'''....''Modern Standard Arabic, Fus'ha, MSA''
:* '''Hebrad'''....''Hebrew'' (but also: '''Israelad''')
::* '''Fyadyesa Hebrad'''....''Biblical Hebrew''
::* '''Ajyena Hebrad'''....''ancient Hebrew''
::* '''Visauna Hebrad'''....''Classical Hebrew''
:* '''Swahilad'''....''Swahili''
:* '''Romanxad'''....''Romansh''
:* '''Latinad'''....''Latin''
::* '''Visauna Latinad'''....''Classical Latin''
::* '''Vutyana Latinad'''....''Latin Vulgate, Vulgar Latin''
::* '''Fyaxela Latinad'''....''Liturgical Latin''
:* '''Sanskitad'''....''Sanskrit''
:* '''Angla-Saksad'''....''Anglo-Saxon''
:* '''Persad'''....''Persian''
:* '''Prusyad'''....''Prussian''
:* '''Keltad'''....''Celtic''
:* '''Romansad'''....''Romance''
:* '''Baltad'''....''Baltic''
:* '''Aajna Hinda-Europad'''....''Proto-Indo-European''
:* '''Aajna-Slavad'''....''Proto-Slavic''
:* '''Ajyena Helenad'''....''Ancient Greek''
::* '''Vyisina Helenad'''....''Katharevusa, Puristic Greek''
::* '''Yasauna Helenad'''....''Demotic, Vulgar Greek''
::* '''Ejyena Helenad'''....''Modern Greek''
 
: A book in Swahili would be called '''Swahilada dyen'''.
: The Arab-speaking world would be expressed as either '''Arabada mir''' or, more specifically, '''Arabadalea mir'''.

: The language nouns ending in '''-ad''' can be made into verbs with '''-adaler'''....''to speak language X'' and '''-ader'''....''to say/pronounce in language X'', as follows:

:* '''Fransad'''....''French (language)'' â†’ '''Fransadaler'''....''speak French''
:* '''Kinad'''....''Chinese'' â†’ '''Kinadaler'''....''speak Chinese''
:* '''Anglad'''....''English'' â†’ '''Anglader'''....''say in English, pronounce in English''

:* '''Duven et &lt;u&gt;Angladale&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''Do you speak English?''
:* '''Et &lt;u&gt;Miradale&lt;/u&gt; fi.'''....''You speak Mirad well.''
:* '''&lt;u&gt;Miradu&lt;/u&gt; has.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Say&lt;/u&gt; it &lt;u&gt;in Mirad&lt;/u&gt;.''

: A ''speaker of Spanish'' would be '''Spanyadalut''', or more simply, '''Spanyadut'''.

: Country adjectives that end in '''-ama''' can be reduced to '''-a''', espcially in country pairings like these:

:* '''Kanad&lt;u&gt;ama&lt;/u&gt;''' â†’ '''Kanad&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;-Fransa vyeni'''....''Canadian-French relations''

=== Cities and Their Residents ===

: Here are some key cities, their adjectival forms, and inhabitants.  The adjective can end in '''-a''' or '''-yena'''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Cities and Their Residents
|-
! CITY !! ADJECTIVE !! INHABITANT
|-
| '''Paris'''....''Paris'' || '''Paris&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Parisian'' || '''Paris&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Parisian''
|-
| '''Nuyork'''....''New York'' || '''Nuyork&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''of New York'' || '''Nuyork&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''New Yorker''
|-
| '''Roma (Dom)*'''....''Rome'' || '''Roma&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Roman'' || '''Roma Dom&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Roman''
|-
| '''Beijing'''....''Beijing'' || '''Beijing&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''of Beijing'' || '''Beijing&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''resident of Beijing''
|-
| '''Berlin'''....''Berlin'' || '''Berlin&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''from Berlin'' || '''Berlin&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Berliner''
|}

: * &lt;small&gt;Without '''Dom'''....''City'', '''Roma''' could be confused with '''Roma'''....''of Romany, Gypsy''.&lt;/small&gt;

: Examples:

:* '''Berlina diti dyunwe Berlinati.'''....''Berlin citizens are called Berliners.''
:* '''Bostonati ayse Bostonyena deus.'''....''Bostonians have a Bostonian accent.''

== Measurements ==
: Mirad uses the International System of Units|International System of Units (SI)  for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Alphabet|the alphabet.  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are spelled with the Mirad name preceded by '''hel''' (eg. ''alpha'', ''beta'', ''gamma'', etc. and if the latter are majuscules, they are similarly preceded with the word '''ag-'''.  The Mirad pronunciation of the SI symbol for ''ohm'' (Ω) is '''aghelo'''.  All metric units end in the word '''nak'''.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;UNIT&lt;br&gt;NAME
!SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
!QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
!MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}
: The hyphen in the above &quot;spelled out&quot; words ensure that each syllable gets even stress.

: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghelonak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixunak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | B
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbanak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;WRITTEN&lt;br&gt;ABBREVIATION
! QUANTITY&lt;br&gt;UNIT
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglonak'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heabak'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak'''
|}

: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! NAME
! SYMBOLIC&lt;br&gt;FORMULA
! DERIVED&lt;br&gt;QUANTITY
! TYPICAL &lt;br&gt;SYMBOL
! MIRAD&lt;br&gt;PRONUNCIATION
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gol-so'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gol-so-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kige-gol-mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kige-gol-mi-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gar-iwa-gol-kige'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aga-gol-mi-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aga-gol-mi'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mioli-gol-mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kige-gol-mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''cada-gol-mi-gar-ewa'''
|}
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  The SI symbol for ''b'' (byte) is pronounced '''ba''' in Mirad.  A terabyte ( ''Tb'') is therefore pronounced '''ag-to-ba''', which  This amounts ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | MACRO !! colspan=4 | MICRO
|-
! BASE&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK NAME!!MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX&lt;br&gt;....MIRAD PRON. !!SI SYMBOL !! BASE&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK NAME) !! MIRAD PREFIX....SI PREFIX !! SI SYMBOL&lt;br&gt;....MIRAD PRON. 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' ... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''....''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''....''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''....''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''....''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''....''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''....''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''....''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' ....''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''....''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''....''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''....''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yeon-'''....''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''....''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yion'''....''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''....''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yuon'''....''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''....''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''....''deca-'' || ''da''....'''da-a-''' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''....''deci-''|| ''d''....'''da-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''....''hexa-'' || ''h''....'''hi-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''....''centi-''|| ''c''....'''ca-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''....''kilo-'' ||''k''....'''ki-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''....''milli-''|| ''m''....'''mi-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''....''mega-'' || ''M''....'''agmi-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''....''micro-''|| ''r''....'''ro-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''....''giga-'' || ''G''....'''agge-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''....''nano-''|| ''n''....'''ni-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''....''tera-'' || ''T''....'''agto-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''....''pico-''|| ''p''....'''po-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''....''peta-'' || ''P''....'''agpo-'''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||''f''....'''fe-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''....''exa-'' || ''E''....'''age-'''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''....''atto-''||''a''....'''a-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''....''zetta-'' || ''Z''....'''agzu-'''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''....''zepto-''||''z''....'''zu-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''....''yotta-'' || '' Y''....'''agyu''' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''....''yocto-''||''y''....'''yu-'''
|}

: *Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.
:
The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | MACRO !! colspan=2 | MICRO
|-
! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION !! SYMBOL (EXPANSION) !! MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daage''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dage'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hexagram)|| '''hege''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cage'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''koge''' || ''mg'' (milligram) ||'''mige'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (megagram)|| '''agmige''' ||''rg'' or '''μg''' (microgram)|| '''roge''' or '''helmuge'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggege''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nige'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtoge''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''poge'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpoge''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fege'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agege''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''age'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''ag-ze-ge''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zege'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''ag-yu-ge''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yuge'''
|}
: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo koge gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale mimi gar iwa''


=== Age (Years) ===

: The word for ''age'' is '''jag'''.

:* '''jag'''....''age''
:* '''jaga'''....''old''
::* '''jagser'''....''get old, grow older''
::* '''jagat'''....''old person, elder''
::* '''zejaga'''....''middle-aged''
:::* '''zejagat'''....''middle-aged person''
::* '''gajaga'''....''elder, older, senior''
:::* '''gajagat'''....''elder''
:::* '''gyajagat'''....''eldest''
::* '''grejagat'''....''adult''
::* '''grejagseat'''....''adolescent''
::* '''grojagat'''....''minor, underaged person''
::* '''alonijagat'''....''teenager''
::* '''elonijagat'''....''twenty-year-old''

:* '''joga'''....''young''
::* '''jogxer'''....''rejuvenate''
::* '''jogat'''....''youth, youngster, young boy''
:::* '''jogayt'''....''young girl''


: The usual question about age is '''Hojaga et se?'''....''How old are you?''

: Some usual responses are:

:* '''At se elo jaga.'''....''I am twenty years old.''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(Lit: I am twenty aged.)
:* '''At se ili jabi jaga.'''....''I am thirty-three years old.''
:* '''Hia tamaz se asoni bi jabi jaga.'''....''This castle is hundreds of years old.''
:* '''Hua tobot se anay ewa jubi jaga.'''....''That baby is only two days old.''
:* '''Iyt voy se ga jaba vyel at.'''....''She is not older than I.''
:* '''At se gwajagat bi ata tod.'''....''I am the eldest of my family.''
:* '''Hya alonijagati aso grejagseati.'''....''All teenagers will become adolescents.''
:* '''Hogla jubi jaga se hia tobot?'''....''How many days old is this child?''

== Words Ending in '''-yen''' (''manner'') ==

: The ending '''-yen''' is a stub for '''byen''', meaning ''way, manner'' and is used to form many different words, as the following chart shows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Words in -YEN
|-
! BASE !! DERIVATION
|-
| '''b-'''....''gesture''&lt;br&gt;'''ut-'''....''self''&lt;br&gt;'''fi-'''....''good''&lt;br&gt;'''fu-'''....''bad''&lt;br&gt;'''nap'''....''order''&lt;br&gt;'''dit'''....''citizen''&lt;br&gt;'''ju-'''....''day''&lt;br&gt;'''utyan'''....''group''&lt;br&gt;'''yan-'''....''together''&lt;br&gt;'''yon-'''....''apart''&lt;br&gt;'''dal-'''....''speak''&lt;br&gt;'''nyap'''....''law''&lt;br&gt;'''dre-'''....''write''&lt;br&gt;'''aj-'''....''past''|| '''byen'''....''manner''&lt;br&gt;'''utbyen'''....''personality''&lt;br&gt;'''fibyena'''....''polite''&lt;br&gt;'''fubyena'''....''rude''&lt;br&gt;'''napbyen'''....''discipline''&lt;br&gt;'''ditbyen'''....''civility''&lt;br&gt;'''jubyen'''....''habit''&lt;br&gt;'''utyanbyen'''....''custom''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbyen'''....''harmony''&lt;br&gt;'''yonbyen'''....''disharmony''&lt;br&gt;'''dalbyen'''....''idiom''&lt;br&gt;'''nyapbyen'''....''rule of law''&lt;br&gt;'''drebyen'''....''writing style''&lt;br&gt;'''ajbyen'''....''tradition''
|-
| '''s-'''....''be''&lt;br&gt;'''ut-'''....''self''&lt;br&gt;'''xe-'''....''act'' || '''syen'''....''style''&lt;br&gt;'''utsyen'''....''genre''&lt;br&gt;'''xesyen'''....''process''
|-
| '''x-'''....''do''&lt;br&gt;'''yex-'''....''work''&lt;br&gt;'''yux-'''....''serve'' || '''xyen'''....''method''&lt;br&gt;'''yexyen'''....''occupation, industry''&lt;br&gt;'''yuxyen'''....''means''
|-
| '''xe-'''....''act''&lt;br&gt;'''vyo-'''....''wrong'' || '''xeyen'''....''behavior''&lt;br&gt;'''vyoxeyen'''....''misbehavior''
|-
| '''t-'''....''know''&lt;br&gt;'''vi-'''....''fine''&lt;br&gt;'''xe-'''....''act''&lt;br&gt;'''mas-'''....''wall''&lt;br&gt;'''tom'''....''building''&lt;br&gt;'''taj-'''....''birth''&lt;br&gt;'''ko-'''....''hide''&lt;br&gt;'''fo-'''....''profane''&lt;br&gt;'''yanif'''....''sew'' || '''tyen'''....''profession, technique, skill''&lt;br&gt;'''vityen'''....''fine art''&lt;br&gt;'''xetyen'''....''practice''&lt;br&gt;'''mastyen'''....''masonry''&lt;br&gt;'''tomtyen'''....''architecture''&lt;br&gt;'''tajtyen'''....''talent''&lt;br&gt;'''kotyen'''....''magic''&lt;br&gt;'''fotyen'''....''witchcraft''&lt;br&gt;'''yaniftyen'''....''couture''
|-
| '''te-'''....''know''&lt;br&gt;'''zey-'''....''across''&lt;br&gt;'''ob-'''....''under''&lt;br&gt;'''kyo-'''....''fixed''&lt;br&gt;'''ij-'''....''begin''&lt;br&gt;'''ag-'''....''big''&lt;br&gt;'''aa-'''....''first'' || '''teyen'''....''idea, concept''&lt;br&gt;'''zeyteyen'''....''metaphor''&lt;br&gt;'''obteyen'''....''underlying concept''&lt;br&gt;'''kyoteyen'''....''idee fixe, obsession''&lt;br&gt;'''ijteyen'''....''initial concept, germ of an idea''&lt;br&gt;'''agteyen'''....''grand idea, ideal''&lt;br&gt;'''aateyen'''....''principle, premise''
|-
| '''tex-'''....''think''&lt;br&gt;'''ki-'''....''slant''&lt;br&gt;'''an-'''....''single'' || '''texyen'''....''opinion, point of view''&lt;br&gt;'''kitexyen'''....''bias''&lt;br&gt;'''antexyen'''....''obsession''
|-
| '''tep-'''....''mental''&lt;br&gt;'''an-'''....''single''&lt;br&gt;'''fu-'''....''bad''&lt;br&gt;'''flu-'''....''terrible''&lt;br&gt;'''fru-'''....''horrible''&lt;br&gt;'''kya-'''....''mobile''&lt;br&gt;'''kye-'''....''haphazard''&lt;br&gt;'''kyo-'''....''fixed''&lt;br&gt;'''va-'''....''positive''&lt;br&gt;'''vo-'''....''negative'' || '''tepyen'''....''attitude, mood''&lt;br&gt;'''antepyen'''....''obsession''&lt;br&gt;'''futepyen'''....''anger''&lt;br&gt;'''flutepyen'''....''rage''&lt;br&gt;'''frutepyen'''....''furor''&lt;br&gt;'''kyatepyen'''....''distractedness''&lt;br&gt;'''kyetepyen'''....''volatility''&lt;br&gt;'''kyotepyen'''....''attention''&lt;br&gt;'''vatepyen'''....''optimism''&lt;br&gt;'''votepyen'''....''pessimism''
|-
| '''tuz-'''....''art'' || '''tuzyen'''....''technique, artistry, skill''
|-
| '''dot-'''....''social'' || '''dotyen'''....''manners, civility, mores''
|-
| '''tees-'''....''hear'' || '''teesyen'''....''acoustics''
|-
| '''tej-'''....''life'' || '''tejyen'''....''lifestyle''
|-
| '''ex-'''....''function'' || '''exyen'''....''procedure, process''
|-
| '''dal-'''....''speak''&lt;br&gt;'''vi-'''....''beautiful'' || '''dalyen'''....''language''&lt;br&gt;'''vidalyen'''....''eloquence, rhetoric''
|-
| '''mal-'''....''air''&lt;br&gt;'''jeb'''....''season'' || '''malyen'''....''weather''&lt;br&gt;'''jebmalyen'''....''climate''
|-
| '''den-'''....''saying'' || '''denyen'''....''diction''
|-
| '''ifek-'''....''play'' || '''ifekyen'''....''gamesmanship''
|-
| '''yaut-'''....''common'' || '''yautyen'''....''culture''
|-
| '''teas-'''....''see'' || '''teasyen'''....''perspective, point of view, aspect''
|-
| '''dres-'''....''write'' || '''dresyen'''....''writing style''
|-
| '''des-'''....''pronounce'' || '''desyen'''....''accent''
|-
| '''tapekut'''....''athlete'' || '''tapekutyen'''....''sportsmanship''
|}

== Words Ending in '''-z''' (''something precious'')==

: Words ending in '''-z''' refer to something '''''precious''''' or '''''refined,''''' as this chart shows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ -Z Words
|-
! NORMAL WORD !! REFINED WORD
|-
| '''tun'''....''science'' || '''tuz'''....''art''&lt;br&gt;'''vituz'''....''fine art''&lt;br&gt;'''daltuz'''....''rhetoric''
|-
| '''t-'''....''know'' || '''tez'''....''culture''&lt;br&gt;'''yobtez'''....''subculture''
|-
| '''teub'''....''mouth'' || '''deuz'''....''song''&lt;br&gt;'''fadeuz'''....''hymn''&lt;br&gt;'''yegdeuz'''....''refrain''&lt;br&gt;'''seuz'''....''tone''&lt;br&gt;'''teuz'''....''voice''&lt;br&gt;'''zoyteuz'''....''echo''&lt;br&gt;'''teuboz'''....''smile''&lt;br&gt;'''videuz'''....''melody''&lt;br&gt;'''yandeuz'''....''harmony''&lt;br&gt;'''uvdeuz'''....''dirge''&lt;br&gt;'''ajdeuz'''....''ballad''&lt;br&gt;'''dudeuz'''....''antiphon''&lt;br&gt;'''ivdeuz'''....''carol''&lt;br&gt;'''yogdeuz'''....''ditty''&lt;br&gt;'''awatdeuz'''....''solo''&lt;br&gt;'''ewatdeuz'''....''duet''&lt;br&gt;'''fizdeuz'''....''anthem''
|-
| '''fya-'''....''holy''&lt;br&gt;'''fyo-'''....''profane'' || '''fyaz'''....''miracle''&lt;br&gt;'''kofyaz'''....''magic''&lt;br&gt;'''fyoz'''....''witchcraft''&lt;br&gt;'''fyamaz'''....''halo''
|-
| '''vos'''....''flower'' || '''voz'''....''color''&lt;br&gt;'''vooz'''....''tint''&lt;br&gt;'''voyz'''....''shade of color''&lt;br&gt;'''toz'''....''facial/hair color''
|-
| '''nas'''....''money'' || '''naz'''....''value''&lt;br&gt;'''noz'''....''gem, jewel''&lt;br&gt;'''finaz'''....''merit''
|-
| '''fi-'''....''good''&lt;br&gt;'''fu-'''....''bad'' || '''fiz'''....''honor''&lt;br&gt;'''utfiz'''....''dignity''&lt;br&gt;'''firz'''....''ideal''&lt;br&gt;'''fiyz'''....''respect''&lt;br&gt;'''agfiz'''....''glory''&lt;br&gt;'''fuz'''....''shame''
|-
| '''d-'''....''communicate'' || '''daz'''....''dance''&lt;br&gt;'''dez'''....''theatre''&lt;br&gt;'''diz'''....''comedy''&lt;br&gt;'''duz'''....''music''&lt;br&gt;'''drez'''....''poetry''&lt;br&gt;'''dyez'''....''cinema''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''taz'''....''statue''
|-
| '''san'''....''shape'' || '''saz'''....''sculpture''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''tebuz'''....''crown''&lt;br&gt;'''eytebuz'''....''diadem''
|-
| '''teis'''....''smell'' || '''teiz'''....''perfume''
|-
| '''tiab'''....''breast'' || '''tiabuz'''....''broche''
|-
| '''teyob'''....''neck'' || '''teyobuz'''....''necklace''
|-
| '''zetiub'''....''navel'' || '''zetiubuz'''....''belly button ring''
|-
| '''meg'''....''stone'' || '''mez'''....''crystal''
|-
| '''tel'''....''food'' || '''teluz'''....''taste''
|-
| '''tuab'''....''arm'' || '''eytuabuz'''....''epaulette''
|-
| '''tuyub'''....''finger'' || '''tuyubuz'''....''ring''
|-
| '''sin'''....''picture'' || '''siz'''....''painting''&lt;br&gt;'''finsiz'''....''medal''&lt;br&gt;'''dresiz'''....''engraving''
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Vocabulary Formation|Syntax}}</text>
      <sha1>ifn304btk0jy0bezte0lrltfuhzgpk2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Syntax</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417657</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088238</id>
      <parentid>4087696</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:16:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17997" xml:space="preserve">= Syntax  =

: Overall, Mirad is an '''''SVO''''' language, that is, the normal word order is '''''Subject + Verb Predicate + Object''''', much like English and all of the Romance languages.
: The subject and object consist of nouns or pronouns with or without modifiers.  The verb predicate consists of a conjugated verb form with or without adverbial modifiers, which may precede or follow based on considerations below.

== The Subject ==
: A subject is the entity that is responsible for the action or state in the verb predicate.  That entity consists of modified or unmodified zero or more nouns or pronouns.  The subject can be a noun phrase, which can include modifiers like deictic adjectives, quantifiers, or descriptive adjectives preceding a noun or nouns heading up a prepositional phrase.
: Some rules:
::* Modifiers of a noun or noun phrase precede that noun or noun phrase:
::* Deictic adjectives and possessive pronouns come in first place among the modifiers:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; via toyb'''....''&lt;u&gt;this&lt;/u&gt; beautiful woman''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; aa desiun'''....''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; first letter''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Yata&lt;/u&gt; ifwa twed hu toja zojub'''....''&lt;u&gt;our&lt;/u&gt; beloved father who died last year''
::* Quantifiers come after any deictic adjectives or possessive pronouns, but before the noun they modify:
:::: '''Hua &lt;u&gt;ewa&lt;/u&gt; pati'''....''those &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt; birds''
:::: '''Hya ha &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; jubi'''....''all the &lt;u&gt;many&lt;/u&gt; days''
:::: '''Iyta &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; yafoni'''....''her &lt;u&gt;many&lt;/u&gt; abilities''
::* Prepositions precede their complement:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Za&lt;/u&gt; ata tam'''....''&lt;u&gt;in front of&lt;/u&gt; my house''
::* Prepositional phrase modifiers follow the noun they modify:
:::: '''ha domep &lt;u&gt;zo yata tam&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the street &lt;u&gt;behind our house&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''saxam &lt;u&gt;yub bi et&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a factory &lt;u&gt;near you&lt;/u&gt;''
::* Relative clause modifiers follow the noun or noun phrase they modify:
:::: '''Has &lt;u&gt;hu at voy teste&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the thing &lt;u&gt;(that) I don't understand&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''Ha glo doymi &lt;u&gt;hu zoybese&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the few towns &lt;u&gt;that remain&lt;/u&gt;''
::* A subject noun can consist of a clause, infinitive, or gerund:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Van it upo&lt;/u&gt; se vala.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That he will come&lt;/u&gt; is certain.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Ser yiva&lt;/u&gt; se ser iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;To be free&lt;/u&gt; is to be happy.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Hia uvteuden&lt;/u&gt; yefe poser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This weeping&lt;/u&gt; must stop.''
::* The subject can consist of pronoun or linked pronouns:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Et ay at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''&lt;u&gt;You and I&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Away et&lt;/u&gt;'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only you&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt;'''....''&lt;u&gt;many people&lt;/u&gt;''
::* Adverbs often precede what they modify, but this rule is somewhat loose.
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Gey&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''&lt;u&gt;even&lt;/u&gt; you''
:::: '''Deuzen &lt;u&gt;fiay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''singing &lt;u&gt;well&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Voy&lt;/u&gt; aken'''....''&lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; winning''

== The Verb Predicate ==
: The verb predicate consists of a subject (implied or explicit) followed by a conjugated verb form or a series of conjugated verb forms, modified or not by adverbs.
: Rules:
::* The adverbs '''vay''' (''indeed''), '''vey''' (''possibly, may''), and '''voy''' (''not'') usually precede the verb:
:::: '''Yata tam &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; osexwa.'''....''Our house was &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; destroyed.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Vey&lt;/u&gt; mamilo.'''....''It &lt;u&gt;may&lt;/u&gt; rain.''
:::: '''Et se &lt;u&gt;vay&lt;/u&gt; fia deuzut.'''....''You are &lt;u&gt;really&lt;/u&gt; a fine singer.''
::* Other adverbs and come either before or after the verb, depending on emphasis.
:::: '''Dalu &lt;u&gt;yug&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Speak &lt;u&gt;softly&lt;/u&gt;!''
:::: '''Et dale &lt;u&gt;gra ig&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You speak &lt;u&gt;too fast&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''It &lt;u&gt;glaxag&lt;/u&gt; ake.'''....''He &lt;u&gt;often&lt;/u&gt; wins.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Glaxag&lt;/u&gt; it ake.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Often&lt;/u&gt; he wins.''
:::: '''It ake &lt;u&gt;glaxag&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He wins &lt;u&gt;often&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* Yes-no questions are formed by preceding the verb predicate with '''Duven...?''', which means ''Say whether..., Is it true that...'', without any word order change in the verb predicate:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; it gaj tejeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Is (it true that)&lt;/u&gt; he still living?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; et te ha dud?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Do&lt;/u&gt; you know the answer?''
::* Questions words requiring fill-in-the-blank words like ''When?'', ''Where?'', ''Who?'', etc. start out with the question word, followed by the verb predicate in unchanged word order:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wha&lt;/u&gt;t is your name?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambee?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; kobia ata dyes?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; stole my book?''
::* Question words that are adverbs, as well as pronominal question words that are the subject of a stative predicate, can appear at the end of a sentence:
:::: '''Et taja &lt;u&gt;hoj&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
:::: '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hoyen&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you?''
:::: '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
:::: '''Et tambee &lt;u&gt;hom&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''

::* Verbs can be serial:
:::: '''It &lt;u&gt;deuze, daze, ay duzare&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He &lt;u&gt;sings, dances, and plays an instrument&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Eku ey pilu&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Play or get lost&lt;/u&gt;!''
:::: '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eka oy oka&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;played but lost&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* Verb predicates can have an implied, unexpressed subject:
:::: '''Mamilo.'''....''(It) is going to rain.''
:::: '''Upu!'''....''(You) come!''
:::: '''Se ama him.'''....''(It) is hot here.''
:::: '''Voy se yeva jayevder hes.'''....''(It) is not fair to prejudge someone.''
:::: '''Von jwosu.'''....''Don't (you) be late.''

== The Object ==
: The object in a sentence can be noun or noun phrase, a pronoun, an infinitive, a gerund, a prepositional phrase, or a clause.  Sometimes, an object consists of both a direct object and an indirect object.  
: Rules:
::* Transitive verbs can take a direct object:
:::: '''Ha yepet teupixa &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The dog bit &lt;u&gt;me&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Yovobu &lt;u&gt;hati hu fyuxe et&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Forgive &lt;u&gt;those who hurt you&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Biu &lt;u&gt;hia yibdren&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Take &lt;u&gt;this telegram&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* Some transitive verbs can take both a direct and indirect object.  Many common transitive verbs imply a directional proposition, and so that preposition need not be expressed in the indirect object, but in such cases the indirect object comes before the direct object:
:::: '''Buu &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; hua nyem.'''....''Give &lt;u&gt;(to) me&lt;/u&gt; that box.''
:::: '''Du &lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt; doler.'''....''Tell &lt;u&gt;(to) him&lt;/u&gt; to be quiet.''
:::: '''Xu &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; ha avun bi pier.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;(to) me&lt;/u&gt; the favor of leaving.''
::* Stative verbs like '''ser''' (''to be'') can be followed by a complement consisting of a noun, pronoun, adjective, infinitive, gerund, or clause object.
:::: '''His se &lt;u&gt;fis&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is &lt;u&gt;a good thing&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''His se &lt;u&gt;gla fia&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is &lt;u&gt;very good&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Ha akut sa &lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The winner was &lt;u&gt;you&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Se fia &lt;u&gt;aker&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is good to win.''
:::: '''Se uva &lt;u&gt;van iyt pia&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is sad &lt;u&gt;that she left&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* Intransitive verbs cannot take an object:
:::: '''At &lt;u&gt;yexa&lt;/u&gt; hum je ewa jabi.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;worked&lt;/u&gt; there for two years.''
:::: '''Yat &lt;u&gt;tambee&lt;/u&gt; yukomay.'''....''We &lt;u&gt;live&lt;/u&gt; comfortably.''
:::: '''Hia voli &lt;u&gt;agse&lt;/u&gt; ug.'''....''These plants &lt;u&gt;grow&lt;/u&gt; slowly.''
::* Verbs of communication can take an entire clause as a direct object:
:::: '''At ta &lt;u&gt;van et upo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I knew &lt;u&gt;(that) you would come&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Duven et te &lt;u&gt;ha tam hu se itas&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''Do you know &lt;u&gt;which house is his&lt;/u&gt;?''
:::: '''At da it &lt;u&gt;ham hu et tambee&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I told him &lt;u&gt;where you live&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Tuu at &lt;u&gt;haj hu et puo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Inform me &lt;u&gt;when you arrive&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''It voy da &lt;u&gt;ven et upo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He did not say &lt;u&gt;whether he would be coming&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''At javefyunda &lt;u&gt;von it jwosu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I warned him not to be late (= &lt;u&gt;lest he be late&lt;/u&gt;).''

== Prepositional Constructions ==
=== Use of Simple Prepositions ===
: Mirad has the following simple prepositions, which are monosyllabic, and stand directly before their substantive complement:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Prepositions
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''eb'''....''between'' || '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ib'''....''away from'' || '''ub'''....''toward''
|-
| '''ayb'''....''above'' || '''eyb'''....''among'' || '''oyb'''....''under'' || ||
|-
| || '''be'''....''at'' || || '''bi'''....''of, from'' || '''bu'''....''to''
|-
| '''bay'''....''with'' || '''bey'''....''by, via'' || '''boy'''....''without'' || ||
|-
| '''za'''....''in front of'' || '''ze'''....''in the middle of'' || '''zo'''....''behind'' || '''zi'''....''at the right of'' || '''zu'''....''at the left of''
|-
| '''zya'''....''throughout'' || '''zye'''....''through'' || || ||
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' || '''je'''....''during'' || '''jo'''....''after'' || '''ji'''....''since'' || '''ju'''....''until''
|-
| '''gab'''....''plus'' || || '''gob'''....''minus'' || ||
|-
| '''gal'''....''times'' || '''gel'''....''like'' || '''gol'''....''divided by'' || ||
|-
| || '''ogel'''....''unlike'' || ||
|-
| '''gar'''....''to the power of'' || || '''gor'''....''to the root (negative power) of'' || ||
|-
| '''ay'''....''and'' || '''ey'''....''or'' || '''oy'''....''but''
|-
| '''av'''....''for'' || || '''ov'''....''against'' || ||
|-
| || '''vyel'''....''about, than, as'' || ||
|}
:: Examples:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;boy&lt;/u&gt; uvteuden'''....''&lt;u&gt;without&lt;/u&gt; moaning''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;av&lt;/u&gt; hyea tesdud'''....''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; whatever reason''
:::* '''ewa &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; ewa'''....''two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; two''
:::* '''poper &lt;u&gt;zya&lt;/u&gt; Europam.'''....''to travel &lt;u&gt;all over&lt;/u&gt; Europe.''
:::* '''iwa &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; se yuwa'''....''three &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; is nine''
:::* '''yekea dyes &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; Mirad'''....''looking for a book &lt;u&gt;about&lt;/u&gt; Mirad''

:: The preposition '''be''' (''at'') is used as an all-purpose locator:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; ha mimkum'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; the beach''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; ha domep'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; the street''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; ha meb'''....''&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt; the mountain''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; Fransam'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; France''
:: The preposition '''be''' is used in many idioms, where '''ha''' (''the'') is omitted:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; dropek bay'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; war with''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; obem bi'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; the bottom of ( = at bottom of)''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; nem bi'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; place of, instead of, in lieur of''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; tam bi'''....''chez, &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; the house of''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; zam bi'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; front of''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; sinibar'''....''&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt; television''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; dud bu'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; response to''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; tam'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; home''
:: The preposition '''bi''' can be used for '''from''', indicating origin, or '''of''', denoting possession or origin.  
::: Examples:
:::* '''Ata twed zoypa &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; yex gwa.'''....''My father returned &lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; work early.''
:::* '''Ha yabtom &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; London se humep.'''....''The tower &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; London is that way.''
:::* '''His se ha dyes &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hua twob.'''....''This is that man's book ( = the book &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; that man).''
:: The proposition '''to''' (''to'') can often be omitted after a verb where the '''to-ness''' is embedded in the verb.  This omission is possible only when the verb is followed immediately by the object of destination:
::: Examples:
:::* '''Buu at hua drar.'''...''Give me that pencil (or: Buu hua drar bu at.)''
:::* '''Pu tam!'''....''Go home! (but: Pu izay bu tam!)''
:::* '''At peye zedom.'''....''I am going downtown. (or: At peye bu zedom.)''
:: The preposition '''vyel''' is used for two purposes:
:::* ''about, concerning, relative to'' as in '''Hia dyes &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; moltun se yika.'''....''This book &lt;u&gt;about&lt;/u&gt; physics is difficult.''
:::* ''than, as'' after comparative adjectives as in '''ga aga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; huas'''....''bigger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; that one''.
:: Do not confuse '''bay''' and '''bey''', both of which can sometimes be translated by ''with'' in English.
:::* '''bay''' denotes accompaniment as in '''Duven et po &lt;u&gt;bay&lt;/u&gt; at?'''....''Will you be going &lt;u&gt;with&lt;/u&gt; me?''
:::* '''bey''' denotes means as in '''It pyexa at &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; muf.'''....''He hit me &lt;u&gt;with&lt;/u&gt; ( = by means of) a stick.''

=== Use of Complex Prepositions ===
: The above simple prepositions can be used with adverbs to form more complex prepositions.  The following chart shows adverbs which ban be joined with simple prepositions to create complex prepositions:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Complex Prepositions
|-
! ADVERB !! + '''bi''' !! + '''be''' !! + '''bu''' !! OTHER
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yab bi&lt;/u&gt; ha sem'''....''&lt;u&gt;up from&lt;/u&gt; the table'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yab be&lt;/u&gt; ha abmas'''....''&lt;u&gt;up on&lt;/u&gt; the roof'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yab bu&lt;/u&gt; ha abtem'''....''&lt;u&gt;up to&lt;/u&gt; the attic'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yab ayb&lt;/u&gt; ha mays'''....''&lt;u&gt;up over&lt;/u&gt; the fence''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yob bi&lt;/u&gt; ha abmas'''....''&lt;u&gt;down from&lt;/u&gt; the roof'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yob be&lt;/u&gt; ha mimkum'''....''&lt;u&gt;down at&lt;/u&gt; the beach'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yob bu&lt;/u&gt; he obtim'''....''&lt;u&gt;down to&lt;/u&gt; the cellar'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yob oyb&lt;/u&gt; ha sem'''....''down under the table''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb bi&lt;/u&gt; ha mamil'''....''&lt;u&gt;in from&lt;/u&gt; the rain'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; ha tam'''....''inside the house'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb bu&lt;/u&gt; ata tim'''....''&lt;u&gt;into my&lt;/u&gt; room'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb av&lt;/u&gt; vafil'''....''in for wine''
|-
| '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb bi&lt;/u&gt; ha miltim'''....''&lt;u&gt;out of/from&lt;/u&gt; the bathroom'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb be&lt;/u&gt; ha abzamas'''...''out on the balcony'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb bu&lt;/u&gt; ha mesabab'''....''&lt;u&gt;out to&lt;/u&gt; the porch'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb av&lt;/u&gt; etyal'''....''out for lunch''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; yata tam'''....near(by) our house || '''&lt;u&gt;yub be&lt;/u&gt; eta kun'''....near at your side || '''&lt;u&gt;yub bu&lt;/u&gt; ha ujnod'''....''&lt;u&gt;near to&lt;/u&gt; the endpoint..'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yub bay&lt;/u&gt; tod'''....''near with family''
|-
| '''yib'''....far || '''&lt;u&gt;yib bi&lt;/u&gt; him'''....&lt;u&gt;far from&lt;/u&gt; here || '''&lt;u&gt;yib be&lt;/u&gt; mom'''....&lt;u&gt;far out in&lt;/u&gt; space || '''&lt;u&gt;yib bu&lt;/u&gt; ha byum'''....&lt;u&gt;far to&lt;/u&gt; the goal || '''&lt;u&gt;yib yob bu&lt;/u&gt; ha obem'''....''far down to the bottom''
|-
| '''yuz'''....around || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz bi&lt;/u&gt; ha mir'''....''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; the world'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz be&lt;/u&gt; ha zom'''....around in the back || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz bu&lt;/u&gt; ha zam'''....''&lt;u&gt;around to&lt;/u&gt; the front'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz boy&lt;/u&gt; tof'''....''&lt;u&gt;around without&lt;/u&gt; clothes''
|-
| '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz bi&lt;/u&gt; Meir'''....''&lt;u&gt;beyond&lt;/u&gt; earth'' || || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz bu&lt;/u&gt; hyua kum'''....''&lt;u&gt;beyond to&lt;/u&gt; the other side'' ||
|-
| '''yez'''....''along'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yez b&lt;/u&gt;i ha mas'''....''&lt;u&gt;flush with&lt;/u&gt; the wall'' || || || '''&lt;u&gt;yez kum bi&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''alongside me''
|-
| '''yan'''....''together'' || || || ||'''&lt;u&gt;yan bay&lt;/u&gt; yat'''....''&lt;u&gt;together with&lt;/u&gt; us''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yon bi&lt;/u&gt; hus'''....''&lt;u&gt;apart from&lt;/u&gt; that'' || || || 
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward, ahead'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zay bi&lt;/u&gt; at be ha pesnad'''....''&lt;u&gt;ahead of&lt;/u&gt; me in line'' || || '''&lt;u&gt;zay bu&lt;/u&gt; eta byun'''....''&lt;u&gt;ahead to&lt;/u&gt; your goal'' ||
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back, backward'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zoy bi&lt;/u&gt; yex'''....''back from work'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zoy be&lt;/u&gt; tam'''....''&lt;u&gt;back at&lt;/u&gt; home'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zoy bu&lt;/u&gt; tistam'''....''back to school'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zoy av&lt;/u&gt; gas'''....''back for more''
|-
| '''zey'''....''across'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey bi&lt;/u&gt; ha aybmep'''....''&lt;u&gt;across&lt;/u&gt; the bridge'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey be&lt;/u&gt; ha ogela kum'''....''&lt;u&gt;across on&lt;/u&gt; the other side'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey bu&lt;/u&gt; ha ogela kum'''....''&lt;u&gt;across to&lt;/u&gt; the other side'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey ov&lt;/u&gt; yat'''....''&lt;u&gt;opposite&lt;/u&gt; us''
|-
| '''iz'''....''directly, straight'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz bi&lt;/u&gt; yex'''....''&lt;u&gt;straight from&lt;/u&gt; work'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz be&lt;/u&gt; ha zenod'''....''&lt;u&gt;right at&lt;/u&gt; the midpoint'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz bu&lt;/u&gt; sum'''....''&lt;u&gt;right to&lt;/u&gt; bed'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz yub bi&lt;/u&gt; him'''....''&lt;u&gt;right near&lt;/u&gt; here''
|}
=== Using Prepositions as Clausal Conjunctions ===
: Some simple and complex prepositions can introduce a dependent clause, but must be followed by the positive particle '''van'''. This rule does not apply to '''ay''' (''and''), '''ey''' (''or'') and '''oy''' (''but''), because they are already properly conjunctions. This chart shows some examples:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Prepositions as Clausal Conjunctions
|-
! PREPOSITION !! CLAUSAL CONJUNCTION !! EXAMPLE
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' || '''ja van''' || '''It tojo &lt;u&gt;ja van&lt;/u&gt; et puo.'''....''He will die &lt;u&gt;before&lt;/u&gt; you arrive.''
|-
| '''je'''....''during'' || '''je van'''....''while'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Je van&lt;/u&gt; et tuxeya, at tujeya.'''....''&lt;u&gt;While&lt;/u&gt; you were studying, I was sleeping.''
|-
| '''jo'''....''after'' || '''jo van''' || '''Yit xo ifonpop &lt;u&gt;ja van&lt;/u&gt; yit tadso.'''....''They will go on a honeymoon &lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; they get married.''
|-
| '''av'''....''for'' || '''av van'''....''so that''&lt;br&gt;'''av von'''....''lest...not, so that...not'' || '''Egxu &lt;u&gt;av van&lt;/u&gt; et su jwabwa.'''....''Rehearse &lt;u&gt;so that&lt;/u&gt; you will be prepared.''&lt;br&gt;'''Yexu jestay &lt;u&gt;av von et&lt;/u&gt; ujoku.'''....''Study hard &lt;u&gt;so you&lt;/u&gt; won't fail.''
|-
| '''ov'''....''against'' || '''(gey) ov van'''....''(even) though, despite the fact that'' || '''It igpa &lt;u&gt;gey ov van&lt;/u&gt; it ta van it so gwaa.'''....''He (or she) ran &lt;u&gt;even though&lt;/u&gt; he knew (that) he would be late.''
|-
| '''oy'''....''but'' || '''oy''' (no '''van''')...''but'' || '''At fa per &lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt; yofa.'''....''I wanted to go &lt;u&gt;but&lt;/u&gt; couldn't.''
|}
: Note that '''av van''' and '''av von''' are followed by a clause where the predicate verb is in the hypothetical mood ('''-u'''), reminiscent of the subjunctive in the Romance languages.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Syntax|Sample Texts Analyzed}}</text>
      <sha1>1jggm8okb5oy6fg1xrek7ecruy7qwld</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088239</id>
      <parentid>4088238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:18:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18016" xml:space="preserve">= Syntax  =

: Overall, Mirad is an '''''SVO''''' language, that is, the normal word order is '''''Subject + Verb Predicate + Object''''', much like English and all of the Romance languages.
: The subject and object consist of nouns or pronouns with or without modifiers.  The verb predicate consists of a conjugated verb form with or without adverbial modifiers, which may precede or follow based on considerations below.

== The Subject ==
: A subject is the entity that is responsible for the action or state in the verb predicate.  That entity consists of modified or unmodified zero or more nouns or pronouns.  The subject can be a noun phrase, which can include modifiers like deictic adjectives, quantifiers, or descriptive adjectives preceding a noun or nouns heading up a prepositional phrase.
: Some rules:
::* Modifiers of a noun or noun phrase precede that noun or noun phrase:
::* Deictic adjectives and possessive pronouns come in first place among the modifiers:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; via toyb'''....''&lt;u&gt;this&lt;/u&gt; beautiful woman''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; aa desiun'''....''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; first letter''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Yata&lt;/u&gt; ifwa twed hu toja zojub'''....''&lt;u&gt;our&lt;/u&gt; beloved father who died last year''
::* Quantifiers come after any deictic adjectives or possessive pronouns, but before the noun they modify:
:::: '''Hua &lt;u&gt;ewa&lt;/u&gt; pati'''....''those &lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt; birds''
:::: '''Hya ha &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; jubi'''....''all the &lt;u&gt;many&lt;/u&gt; days''
:::: '''Iyta &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; yafoni'''....''her &lt;u&gt;many&lt;/u&gt; abilities''
::* Prepositions precede their complement:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Za&lt;/u&gt; ata tam'''....''&lt;u&gt;in front of&lt;/u&gt; my house''
::* Prepositional phrase modifiers follow the noun they modify:
:::: '''ha domep &lt;u&gt;zo yata tam&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the street &lt;u&gt;behind our house&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''saxam &lt;u&gt;yub bi et&lt;/u&gt;'''....''a factory &lt;u&gt;near you&lt;/u&gt;''
::* Relative clause modifiers follow the noun or noun phrase they modify:
:::: '''Has &lt;u&gt;hu at voy teste&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the thing &lt;u&gt;(that) I don't understand&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''Ha glo doymi &lt;u&gt;hu zoybese&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the few towns &lt;u&gt;that remain&lt;/u&gt;''
::* A subject noun can consist of a clause, infinitive, or gerund:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Van it upo&lt;/u&gt; se vala.'''....''&lt;u&gt;That he will come&lt;/u&gt; is certain.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Ser yiva&lt;/u&gt; se ser iva.'''....''&lt;u&gt;To be free&lt;/u&gt; is to be happy.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Hia uvteuden&lt;/u&gt; yefe poser.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This weeping&lt;/u&gt; must stop.''
::* The subject can consist of pronoun or linked pronouns:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Et ay at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''&lt;u&gt;You and I&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Away et&lt;/u&gt;'''....''&lt;u&gt;Only you&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Glati&lt;/u&gt;'''....''&lt;u&gt;many people&lt;/u&gt;''
::* Adverbs often precede what they modify, but this rule is somewhat loose.
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Gey&lt;/u&gt; et'''....''&lt;u&gt;even&lt;/u&gt; you''
:::: '''Deuzen &lt;u&gt;fiay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''singing &lt;u&gt;well&lt;/u&gt;''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Voy&lt;/u&gt; aken'''....''&lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; winning''

== The Verb Predicate ==
: The verb predicate consists of a subject (implied or explicit) followed by a conjugated verb form or a series of conjugated verb forms, modified or not by adverbs.
: Rules:
::* The adverbs '''vay''' (''indeed''), '''vey''' (''possibly, may''), and '''voy''' (''not'') usually precede the verb:
:::: '''Yata tam &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; osexwa.'''....''Our house was &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; destroyed.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Vey&lt;/u&gt; mamilo.'''....''It &lt;u&gt;may&lt;/u&gt; rain.''
:::: '''Et se &lt;u&gt;vay&lt;/u&gt; fia deuzut.'''....''You are &lt;u&gt;really&lt;/u&gt; a fine singer.''
::* Other adverbs and come either before or after the verb, depending on emphasis.
:::: '''Dalu &lt;u&gt;yug&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Speak &lt;u&gt;softly&lt;/u&gt;!''
:::: '''Et dale &lt;u&gt;gra ig&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''You speak &lt;u&gt;too fast&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''It &lt;u&gt;glaxag&lt;/u&gt; ake.'''....''He &lt;u&gt;often&lt;/u&gt; wins.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Glaxag&lt;/u&gt; it ake.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Often&lt;/u&gt; he wins.''
:::: '''It ake &lt;u&gt;glaxag&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He wins &lt;u&gt;often&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* Yes-no questions are formed by preceding the verb predicate with '''Duven...?''', which means ''Say whether..., Is it true that...'', without any word order change in the verb predicate:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; it gaj tejeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Is (it true that)&lt;/u&gt; he still living?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duven&lt;/u&gt; et te ha dud?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Do&lt;/u&gt; you know the answer?''
::* Questions words requiring fill-in-the-blank words like ''When?'', ''Where?'', ''Who?'', etc. start out with the question word, followed by the verb predicate in unchanged word order:
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duhaj&lt;/u&gt; et taja?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duhayen&lt;/u&gt; et se?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se eta dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Wha&lt;/u&gt;t is your name?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et tambee?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; kobia ata dyes?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Who&lt;/u&gt; stole my book?''
::* Question words that are adverbs, as well as pronominal question words that are the subject of a stative predicate, can appear at the end of a sentence:
:::: '''Et taja &lt;u&gt;hoj&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; were you born?''
:::: '''Et se &lt;u&gt;hoyen&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you?''
:::: '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;hos&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is your name?''
:::: '''Et tambee &lt;u&gt;hom&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''

::* Verbs can be serial:
:::: '''It &lt;u&gt;deuze, daze, ay duzare&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He &lt;u&gt;sings, dances, and plays an instrument&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''&lt;u&gt;Eku ey pilu&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Play or get lost&lt;/u&gt;!''
:::: '''Iyt &lt;u&gt;eka oy oka&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''She &lt;u&gt;played but lost&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* Verb predicates can have an implied, unexpressed subject:
:::: '''Mamilo.'''....''(It) is going to rain.''
:::: '''Upu!'''....''(You) come!''
:::: '''Se ama him.'''....''(It) is hot here.''
:::: '''Voy se yeva jayevder hes.'''....''(It) is not fair to prejudge someone.''
:::: '''Von jwosu.'''....''Don't (you) be late.''

== The Object ==
: The object in a sentence can be noun or noun phrase, a pronoun, an infinitive, a gerund, a prepositional phrase, or a clause.  Sometimes, an object consists of both a direct object and an indirect object.  
: Rules:
::* Transitive verbs can take a direct object:
:::: '''Ha yepet teupixa &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The dog bit &lt;u&gt;me&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Yovobu &lt;u&gt;hati hu fyuxe et&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Forgive &lt;u&gt;those who hurt you&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Biu &lt;u&gt;hia yibdren&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Take &lt;u&gt;this telegram&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* Some transitive verbs can take both a direct and indirect object.  Many common transitive verbs imply a directional proposition, and so that preposition need not be expressed in the indirect object, but in such cases the indirect object comes before the direct object:
:::: '''Buu &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; hua nyem.'''....''Give &lt;u&gt;(to) me&lt;/u&gt; that box.''
:::: '''Du &lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt; doler.'''....''Tell &lt;u&gt;(to) him&lt;/u&gt; to be quiet.''
:::: '''Xu &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; ha avun bi pier.'''....''Do &lt;u&gt;(to) me&lt;/u&gt; the favor of leaving.''
::* Stative verbs like '''ser''' (''to be'') can be followed by a complement consisting of a noun, pronoun, adjective, infinitive, gerund, or clause object.
:::: '''His se &lt;u&gt;fis&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is &lt;u&gt;a good thing&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''His se &lt;u&gt;gla fia&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is &lt;u&gt;very good&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Ha akut sa &lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The winner was &lt;u&gt;you&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Se fia &lt;u&gt;aker&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is good to win.''
:::: '''Se uva &lt;u&gt;van iyt pia&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''It is sad &lt;u&gt;that she left&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* Intransitive verbs cannot take an object:
:::: '''At &lt;u&gt;yexa&lt;/u&gt; hum je ewa jabi.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;worked&lt;/u&gt; there for two years.''
:::: '''Yat &lt;u&gt;tambee&lt;/u&gt; yukomay.'''....''We &lt;u&gt;live&lt;/u&gt; comfortably.''
:::: '''Hia voli &lt;u&gt;agse&lt;/u&gt; ug.'''....''These plants &lt;u&gt;grow&lt;/u&gt; slowly.''
::* Verbs of communication can take an entire clause as a direct object:
:::: '''At ta &lt;u&gt;van et upo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I knew &lt;u&gt;(that) you would come&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Duven et te &lt;u&gt;ha tam hu se itas&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''Do you know &lt;u&gt;which house is his&lt;/u&gt;?''
:::: '''At da it &lt;u&gt;ham hu et tambee&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I told him &lt;u&gt;where you live&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''Tuu at &lt;u&gt;haj hu et puo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Inform me &lt;u&gt;when you arrive&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''It voy da &lt;u&gt;ven et upo&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He did not say &lt;u&gt;whether he would be coming&lt;/u&gt;.''
:::: '''At javefyunda &lt;u&gt;von it jwosu&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I warned him not to be late (= &lt;u&gt;lest he be late&lt;/u&gt;).''

== Prepositional Constructions ==
=== Use of Simple Prepositions ===
: Mirad has the following simple prepositions, which are monosyllabic, and stand directly before their substantive complement:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Prepositions
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''eb'''....''between'' || '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ib'''....''away from'' || '''ub'''....''toward''
|-
| '''ayb'''....''above'' || '''eyb'''....''among'' || '''oyb'''....''under'' || ||
|-
| || '''be'''....''at'' || || '''bi'''....''of, from'' || '''bu'''....''to''
|-
| '''bay'''....''with'' || '''bey'''....''by, via'' || '''boy'''....''without'' || ||
|-
| '''za'''....''in front of'' || '''ze'''....''in the middle of'' || '''zo'''....''behind'' || '''zi'''....''at the right of'' || '''zu'''....''at the left of''
|-
| '''zya'''....''throughout'' || '''zye'''....''through'' || || ||
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' || '''je'''....''during'' || '''jo'''....''after'' || '''ji'''....''since'' || '''ju'''....''until''
|-
| '''gab'''....''plus'' || || '''gob'''....''minus'' || ||
|-
| '''gal'''....''times'' || '''gel'''....''like'' || '''gol'''....''divided by'' || ||
|-
| || '''ogel'''....''unlike'' || ||
|-
| '''gar'''....''to the power of'' || || '''gor'''....''to the root (negative power) of'' || ||
|-
| '''ay'''....''and'' || '''ey'''....''or'' || '''oy'''....''but''
|-
| '''av'''....''for'' || || '''ov'''....''against'' || ||
|-
| || '''vyel'''....''about, than, as'' || ||
|}
:: Examples:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;boy&lt;/u&gt; uvteuden'''....''&lt;u&gt;without&lt;/u&gt; moaning''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;av&lt;/u&gt; hyea tesdud'''....''&lt;u&gt;for&lt;/u&gt; whatever reason''
:::* '''ewa &lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt; ewa'''....''two &lt;u&gt;times&lt;/u&gt; two''
:::* '''poper &lt;u&gt;zya&lt;/u&gt; Europam.'''....''to travel &lt;u&gt;all over&lt;/u&gt; Europe.''
:::* '''iwa &lt;u&gt;gar&lt;/u&gt; se yuwa'''....''three &lt;u&gt;squared&lt;/u&gt; is nine''
:::* '''yekea dyes &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; Mirad'''....''looking for a book &lt;u&gt;about&lt;/u&gt; Mirad''

:: The preposition '''be''' (''at'') is used as an all-purpose locator:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; ha mimkum'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; the beach''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; ha domep'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; the street''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; ha meb'''....''&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt; the mountain''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; Fransam'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; France''
:: The preposition '''be''' is used in many idioms, where '''ha''' (''the'') is omitted:
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; dropek bay'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; war with''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; obem bi'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; the bottom of ( = at bottom of)''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; nem bi'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; place of, instead of, in lieur of''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; tam bi'''....''chez, &lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; the house of''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; zam bi'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; front of''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; sinibar'''....''&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt; television''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; dud bu'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; response to''
:::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; tam'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; home''
:: The preposition '''bi''' can be used for '''from''', indicating origin, or '''of''', denoting possession or origin.  
::: Examples:
:::* '''Ata twed zoypa &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; yex gwa.'''....''My father returned &lt;u&gt;from&lt;/u&gt; work early.''
:::* '''Ha yabtom &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; London se humep.'''....''The tower &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; London is that way.''
:::* '''His se ha dyes &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt; hua twob.'''....''This is that man's book ( = the book &lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt; that man).''
:: The proposition '''to''' (''to'') can often be omitted after a verb where the '''to-ness''' is embedded in the verb.  This omission is possible only when the verb is followed immediately by the object of destination:
::: Examples:
:::* '''Buu at hua drar.'''...''Give me that pencil (or: Buu hua drar bu at.)''
:::* '''Pu tam!'''....''Go home! (but: Pu izay bu tam!)''
:::* '''At peye zedom.'''....''I am going downtown. (or: At peye bu zedom.)''
:: The preposition '''vyel''' is used for two purposes:
:::* ''about, concerning, relative to'' as in '''Hia dyes &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; moltun se yika.'''....''This book &lt;u&gt;about&lt;/u&gt; physics is difficult.''
:::* ''than, as'' after comparative adjectives as in '''ga aga &lt;u&gt;vyel&lt;/u&gt; huas'''....''bigger &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; that one''.
:: Do not confuse '''bay''' and '''bey''', both of which can sometimes be translated by ''with'' in English.
:::* '''bay''' denotes accompaniment as in '''Duven et po &lt;u&gt;bay&lt;/u&gt; at?'''....''Will you be going &lt;u&gt;with&lt;/u&gt; me?''
:::* '''bey''' denotes means as in '''It pyexa at &lt;u&gt;bey&lt;/u&gt; muf.'''....''He hit me &lt;u&gt;with&lt;/u&gt; ( = by means of) a stick.''

=== Use of Complex Prepositions ===
: The above simple prepositions can be used with adverbs to form more complex prepositions.  The following chart shows adverbs which ban be joined with simple prepositions to create complex prepositions:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Complex Prepositions
|-
! ADVERB !! + '''bi''' !! + '''be''' !! + '''bu''' !! OTHER
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yab bi&lt;/u&gt; ha sem'''....''&lt;u&gt;up from&lt;/u&gt; the table'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yab be&lt;/u&gt; ha abmas'''....''&lt;u&gt;up on&lt;/u&gt; the roof'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yab bu&lt;/u&gt; ha abtem'''....''&lt;u&gt;up to&lt;/u&gt; the attic'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yab ayb&lt;/u&gt; ha mays'''....''&lt;u&gt;up over&lt;/u&gt; the fence''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yob bi&lt;/u&gt; ha abmas'''....''&lt;u&gt;down from&lt;/u&gt; the roof'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yob be&lt;/u&gt; ha mimkum'''....''&lt;u&gt;down at&lt;/u&gt; the beach'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yob bu&lt;/u&gt; he obtim'''....''&lt;u&gt;down to&lt;/u&gt; the cellar'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yob oyb&lt;/u&gt; ha sem'''....''down under the table''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb bi&lt;/u&gt; ha mamil'''....''&lt;u&gt;in from&lt;/u&gt; the rain'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb be&lt;/u&gt; ha tam'''....''inside the house'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb bu&lt;/u&gt; ata tim'''....''&lt;u&gt;into my&lt;/u&gt; room'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb av&lt;/u&gt; vafil'''....''in for wine''
|-
| '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb bi&lt;/u&gt; ha miltim'''....''&lt;u&gt;out of/from&lt;/u&gt; the bathroom'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb be&lt;/u&gt; ha abzamas'''...''out on the balcony'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb bu&lt;/u&gt; ha mesabab'''....''&lt;u&gt;out to&lt;/u&gt; the porch'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb av&lt;/u&gt; etyal'''....''out for lunch''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; yata tam'''....near(by) our house || '''&lt;u&gt;yub be&lt;/u&gt; eta kun'''....near at your side || '''&lt;u&gt;yub bu&lt;/u&gt; ha ujnod'''....''&lt;u&gt;near to&lt;/u&gt; the endpoint..'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yub bay&lt;/u&gt; tod'''....''near with family''
|-
| '''yib'''....far || '''&lt;u&gt;yib bi&lt;/u&gt; him'''....&lt;u&gt;far from&lt;/u&gt; here || '''&lt;u&gt;yib be&lt;/u&gt; mom'''....&lt;u&gt;far out in&lt;/u&gt; space || '''&lt;u&gt;yib bu&lt;/u&gt; ha byum'''....&lt;u&gt;far to&lt;/u&gt; the goal || '''&lt;u&gt;yib yob bu&lt;/u&gt; ha obem'''....''far down to the bottom''
|-
| '''yuz'''....around || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz bi&lt;/u&gt; ha mir'''....''&lt;u&gt;around&lt;/u&gt; the world'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz be&lt;/u&gt; ha zom'''....around in the back || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz bu&lt;/u&gt; ha zam'''....''&lt;u&gt;around to&lt;/u&gt; the front'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz boy&lt;/u&gt; tof'''....''&lt;u&gt;around without&lt;/u&gt; clothes''
|-
| '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz bi&lt;/u&gt; Meir'''....''&lt;u&gt;beyond&lt;/u&gt; earth'' || || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz bu&lt;/u&gt; hyua kum'''....''&lt;u&gt;beyond to&lt;/u&gt; the other side'' ||
|-
| '''yez'''....''along'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yez b&lt;/u&gt;i ha mas'''....''&lt;u&gt;flush with&lt;/u&gt; the wall'' || || || '''&lt;u&gt;yez kum bi&lt;/u&gt; at'''....''alongside me''
|-
| '''yan'''....''together'' || || || ||'''&lt;u&gt;yan bay&lt;/u&gt; yat'''....''&lt;u&gt;together with&lt;/u&gt; us''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yon bi&lt;/u&gt; hus'''....''&lt;u&gt;apart from&lt;/u&gt; that'' || || || 
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward, ahead'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zay bi&lt;/u&gt; at be ha pesnad'''....''&lt;u&gt;ahead of&lt;/u&gt; me in line'' || || '''&lt;u&gt;zay bu&lt;/u&gt; eta byun'''....''&lt;u&gt;ahead to&lt;/u&gt; your goal'' ||
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back, backward'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zoy bi&lt;/u&gt; yex'''....''back from work'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zoy be&lt;/u&gt; tam'''....''&lt;u&gt;back at&lt;/u&gt; home'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zoy bu&lt;/u&gt; tistam'''....''back to school'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zoy av&lt;/u&gt; gas'''....''back for more''
|-
| '''zey'''....''across'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey bi&lt;/u&gt; ha aybmep'''....''&lt;u&gt;across&lt;/u&gt; the bridge'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey be&lt;/u&gt; ha ogela kum'''....''&lt;u&gt;across on&lt;/u&gt; the other side'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey bu&lt;/u&gt; ha ogela kum'''....''&lt;u&gt;across to&lt;/u&gt; the other side'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey ov&lt;/u&gt; yat'''....''&lt;u&gt;opposite&lt;/u&gt; us''
|-
| '''iz'''....''directly, straight'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz bi&lt;/u&gt; yex'''....''&lt;u&gt;straight from&lt;/u&gt; work'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz be&lt;/u&gt; ha zenod'''....''&lt;u&gt;right at&lt;/u&gt; the midpoint'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz bu&lt;/u&gt; sum'''....''&lt;u&gt;right to&lt;/u&gt; bed'' || '''&lt;u&gt;iz yub bi&lt;/u&gt; him'''....''&lt;u&gt;right near&lt;/u&gt; here''
|}
=== Using Prepositions as Clausal Conjunctions ===
: Some simple and complex prepositions can introduce a dependent clause, but must be followed by the positive particle '''van'''. This rule does not apply to '''ay''' (''and''), '''ey''' (''or'') and '''oy''' (''but''), because they are already properly conjunctions. This chart shows some examples:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Prepositions as Clausal Conjunctions
|-
! PREPOSITION !! CLAUSAL CONJUNCTION !! EXAMPLE
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' || '''ja van''' || '''It tojo &lt;u&gt;ja van&lt;/u&gt; et puo.'''....''He will die &lt;u&gt;before&lt;/u&gt; you arrive.''
|-
| '''je'''....''during'' || '''je van'''....''while'' || '''&lt;u&gt;Je van&lt;/u&gt; et tuxeya, at tujeya.'''....''&lt;u&gt;While&lt;/u&gt; you were studying, I was sleeping.''
|-
| '''jo'''....''after'' || '''jo van''' || '''Yit xo ifonpop &lt;u&gt;ja van&lt;/u&gt; yit tadso.'''....''They will go on a honeymoon &lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; they get married.''
|-
| '''av'''....''for'' || '''av van'''....''so that''&lt;br&gt;'''av von'''....''lest...not, so that...not'' || '''Egxu &lt;u&gt;av van&lt;/u&gt; et su jwabwa.'''....''Rehearse &lt;u&gt;so that&lt;/u&gt; you will be prepared.''&lt;br&gt;'''Yexu jestay &lt;u&gt;av von et&lt;/u&gt; ujoku.'''....''Study hard &lt;u&gt;so you&lt;/u&gt; won't fail.''
|-
| '''ov'''....''against'' || '''(gey) ov van'''....''(even) though, despite the fact that'' || '''It igpa &lt;u&gt;gey ov van&lt;/u&gt; it ta van it so gwaa.'''....''He (or she) ran &lt;u&gt;even though&lt;/u&gt; he knew (that) he would be late.''
|-
| '''oy'''....''but'' || '''oy''' (no '''van''')...''but'' || '''At fa per &lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt; yofa.'''....''I wanted to go &lt;u&gt;but&lt;/u&gt; couldn't.''
|}
: Note that '''av van''' and '''av von''' are followed by a clause where the predicate verb is in the hypothetical mood ('''-u'''), reminiscent of the subjunctive in the Romance languages.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Word Families|Sample Texts Analyzed}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ckyl6m7myl01dlaq7okispj4913l6d7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Sample Texts Analyzed</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417658</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088237</id>
      <parentid>4086772</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:16:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24083" xml:space="preserve">= Sample Texts Analyzed  =

== Article One of the Declaration of Human Rights ==
: '''''Article One of the Declaration of Human Rights''''' is often used to show how various invented international auxiliary languages compare with one another in written form.  Here is the Mirad version of Article One, followed by the English version:

::* '''''MIRAD''''': '''Hya&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; tobi&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; taje&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; yiva&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; ay&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; gea&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; be&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt; utfiz&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; ay&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; doyivi&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;. Yit&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; bulwe&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt; bay&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; vyatex&lt;sub&gt;13&lt;/sub&gt; ay&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; tyaf&lt;sub&gt;14&lt;/sub&gt; ay&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; yefu&lt;sub&gt;15&lt;/sub&gt; hyuitaxner&lt;sub&gt;16&lt;/sub&gt; tidyenay&lt;sub&gt;17&lt;/sub&gt;.'''
::* '''''ENGLISH''''': ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.  They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''

: Anaysis:
::{|style=&quot;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|-
| 1 || '''hya''' || ''all'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''hya-''' [distributive deictic determiner] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
| 2 || '''tobi''' || ''human beings'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''tob'''....''human being'' [singular noun] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-i''' [plural suffix]
|-
| 3 || '''taje''' || ''are born'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''taj-'''....''be born'' [stem])&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-e''' [present simple tense marker]
|-
| 4 || '''yiva''' || ''free'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''yiv-''' [stem] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-a''' [adjectival suffix]
|-
| 5 || '''ay''' || ''and'' [positive conjunction]
|-
| 6 || '''gea''' || ''equal'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''ge-''' [stem] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-a''' [adjectival suffix]
|-
| 7 || '''be''' || ''at, in'' [preposition]
|-
| 8 || '''utfiz''' || ''dignity'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''ut'''....''self'' [pronoun]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''fiz'''....''merit'' [noun]
|-
| 9 || '''doyivi''' || ''rights'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''do(t)-'''....''society'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''yiv'''....''freedom, right'' [noun]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''-i''' [plural suffix]
|-
| 10 || '''yit''' || ''they/them'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''yit''' [3d person plural animate pronoun]
|-
| 11 || '''bulwe''' || ''are endowed'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''bul-'''....''endow'' [verb stem] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-w''' [passive] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-e''' [present]
|-
| 12 || '''bay''' || ''with'' [preposition]
|-
| 13 || '''vyatex''' || ''reason'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''vya-'''....''true, right'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''tex'''....''thought''
|-
| 14 || '''tyaf''' || ''conscience'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''t-'''....''know'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''yaf'''....''ability, faculty''
|-
| 15 || '''yefu''' || ''should'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''yef-'''....''(have a) duty'' [verb stem] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-u''' [hypothetical/conditional]
|-
| 16 || '''hyuitaxler''' || ''treat one another'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''hyuit''' (comb. of '''hyut'''....''other person'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''hyit'''....''same person'') &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''axl-'''....''act, behave'' [verb stem] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-er''' [verbal infinitive marker]
|-
| 17 || '''tidyenay''' || ''in a brotherly way'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''tid'''....''sibling'' [noun] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-yen'''....''manner'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; '''-ay'''....''-ly'' [adverbial suffix]
|}

== Lord&amp;apos;s Prayer ==

::{|
|-
|'''Hey&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; yata&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Twed&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;, hu&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; se&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; be&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Totmir&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;,''' || ''Our Father, who art in Heaven,''
|-
|'''van&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;eta&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;dyun&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;fyadwu&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;.'''|| ''Hallowed by thy name.''
|-
|'''Van&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;eta&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;edob&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;upu&lt;sub&gt;13&lt;/sub&gt;.''' || ''Thy kingdom come.''
|-
|'''Van&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;eta&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;fwas&lt;sub&gt;14&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;xwu&lt;sub&gt;15&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;be&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Meir&lt;sub&gt;16&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;hyiyen&lt;sub&gt;17&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;hu&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;xwe&lt;sub&gt;18&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;be&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Totmir&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;.'''|| ''Thy will be done on Earth as it is in Heaven.''
|-
|'''Buu&lt;sub&gt;19&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yat&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt; hijub&lt;sub&gt;21&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yata&lt;sub&gt;22&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;hyajuba&lt;sub&gt;23&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;avol&lt;sub&gt;24&lt;/sub&gt;,''' || ''Give us this day our daily bread,''
|-
|'''ay&lt;sub&gt;25&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yovobu&lt;sub&gt;26&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yat&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;bi&lt;sub&gt;27&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yata&lt;sub&gt;22&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;fuxeyni&lt;sub&gt;28&lt;/sub&gt;'''|| ''and forgive us our trespasses''
|-
|'''hyiyen&lt;sub&gt;17&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;hu&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yat&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yovobe&lt;sub&gt;29&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;hati&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;hu&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;vyonxe&lt;sub&gt;31&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yat&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt;.''' || ''as we forgive those who trespass against us.''
|-
|'''Ay&lt;sub&gt;25&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;von&lt;sub&gt;32&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;izbu&lt;sub&gt;33&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yat&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ub&lt;sub&gt;34&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;fuyekuen&lt;sub&gt;35&lt;/sub&gt;,''' ||  ''And lead us not into temptation,''
|-
|'''oy&lt;sub&gt;36&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yivxu&lt;sub&gt;37&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;yat&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; bi&lt;sub&gt;27&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;fyox&lt;sub&gt;38&lt;/sub&gt;.''' || ''But deliver us from evil.''
|-
|'''Su&lt;sub&gt;39&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;huuyen&lt;sub&gt;40&lt;/sub&gt;.''' || ''Amen.''
|}

: Word-for-word analysis:

:
::{|
|-
| 1 || '''Hey ''' || ''O!'' [vocative particle]
|-
| 2 || '''yata''' || ''our'' &lt; ''at'' [1st sing animate pronoun] ''I/me'' + ''-i'' [plural] + '''-a''' [adjective suffix]
|-
| 3|| '''Twed''' || ''Father '' &lt; '''ted'''....''parent'' + infix '''-w-''' [masculine]
|-
| 4 || '''hu''' || ''who '' [relative complementizer meaning ''who(m), that, which'']
|-
| 5 || '''se''' || ''am,is,are'' &lt; '''s-'''[present stem of verb '''ser'''....''to be''] + '''-e''' [present tense suffix]
|-
| 6 || '''be''' || ''in'' [preposition of location ''at'']
|-
| 7 || '''Totmir''' || ''Heaven'' &lt; '''tot'''....''god'' + '''mir'''....''world''
|-
| 8 || '''van''' || ''let/may/that'' [positive complementizer introducing a fact or wish; see 32]
|-
| 9 || '''eta''' || ''your, thy'' &lt; '''et''' [2d sing animate pronoun] ''you'' + '''-a''' [adjective suffix]
|-
| 10 || '''dyun''' || ''name'' [noun &lt; verb stem '''dyu-'''....''to call'']
|-
| 11 || '''fyadwu ''' || ''be blessed'' &lt; fya- ''holy'' + '''d-''' [stem of verb ''say / call''] + '''-w-''' [passive] + '''-u''' [hypothetical/imperative/subjunctive mood]
|-
| 12 || '''edob''' || ''kingdom'' &lt; '''e-''' [2nd level of scalar noun base '''dob'''....''state'']
|-
| 13 || '''upu''' || ''come'' &lt; '''u(b)&lt;sub&gt;34&lt;/sub&gt;'''- ''toward'' + '''p''' [stem of verb ''to go''] + '''-u''' [hypothetical/imperative/subjunctive mood]
|-
| 14 || '''fwas''' || ''will'' &lt; '''f-''' [stem of verb ''to want''] + '''-w-''' [passive voice] + '''-a''' [adjective] + '''-s''' [inanimate nominalizer ''thing''] = '''wanted thing'''
|-
| 15 || '''xwu''' || ''be done '' &lt; '''x-''' [stem of verb ''to do''] + '''-w-''' [passive voice] + '''-u''' [hyp./imper./subj.]
|-
| 16 || '''meir''' || ''earth'' &lt; '''-i-''' [3d level of scalar noun '''mer'''....''planet''] = ''third planet from the sun''
|-
| 17 || '''hyiyen''' || ''as'' &lt; '''hyi-''' [determiner = ''same''] + '''-yen''' [suffix = ''manner''] '''hyiyen hu''' = ''(in the) same manner that''
|-
| 18 || '''xwe''' || ''(it) is done'' &lt; '''x-''' [stem of verb ''to do''] + '''-w-''' [passive voice] + '''-e''' [present simple tense]
|-
| 19 || '''Buu''' || ''Give'' &lt; '''bu-''' [stem of verb ''to give''] + '''-u''' [hyp./imper./subj.]
|-
| 20 || '''yat''' || ''(to) us'' &lt; '''at''' [1st sing pron ''I/me''] + '''-i''' [plural] 
|-
| 21 || '''hijub''' || ''today, this day'' &lt; '''hi-''' [proximate determiner ''this''] + '''jub'''....''day''
|-
| 22 || '''yata''' || ''our'' &lt; '''at''' [1st sing pron ''I/me''] + '''-i''' [plural] + '''-a''' [adjective suffix]
|-
| 23 || '''hyajuba''' || ''daily'' &lt; '''hya-''' [distributive determiner ''every''] + '''jub'''....''day'' + '''-a''' [adjective suffix]
|-
| 24 || '''avol''' || ''bread'' [1st level of scalar noun '''vol'''....''cereal''] 
|-
| 25 || '''ay''' || ''and'' [positive conjunction] ( '''ey''' [intermediate] = ''or'', '''oy''' [negative] = ''but'')
|-
| 26 || '''yovobu''' || ''forgive'' &lt; '''yov'''....''guilt, shame'' + '''ob''' [preposition ''off'' and stem of verb ''to remove''] + '''-u''' [hyp./imper./subj.]
|-
| 27 || '''bi''' || ''from'' [preposition meaning ''of, from''; opp: '''bu'''....''to'']
|-
| 28 || '''fuxeyni''' || ''bad deeds'' [noun] &lt; '''fu-'''....''bad'' + '''-xeyn-'''....'''deed''' + '''-i''' [plural suffix'
|-
| 29 || '''yovobe ''' || ''forgive'' &lt; '''yov'''....''guilt, shame'' + '''ob''' [proposition ''off'' and stem of verb ''to remove''] + '''-e''' [present]
|-
| 30 || '''hati''' || ''the people/those'' &lt; '''ha-''' [definite deictic determiner ''the''] + '''-t'''....''person'' + '''-i''' [plural suffix]
|-
| 31 || '''vyonxe''' || ''offend'' &lt; '''vyon'''....''wrong'' + '''-x-'''....''do'' + '''-e''' [present]
|-
| 32 || '''von''' || ''lest, so not, don't'' [negative complementizer; '''van''' [positive] ''that/so that/let''; '''ven''' [intermediate] ''if, whether'']
|-
| 33 || '''izbu''' || ''lead, guide'' &lt; '''iz'''....''direct, straight'' + '''b-''' [stem of verb ''put''] + '''-u''' [hyp./imper./subj.]
|-
| 34 || '''ub''' || ''toward'' [preposition; opp. '''ib'''....''away'']
|-
| 35 || '''fuyekuen''' || ''temptation'' &lt; '''fu-'''....''bad'' + '''yek-''' [stem of verb ''try''] + '''-u-''' [causative formant] + '''-en''' [present gerund ''-ing''] = ''causing (someone) to try (something)''
|-
| 36 || '''oy''' || ''but'' [negative conjunction; see 25]
|-
| 37 || '''yivxu''' || ''deliver, free, liberate'' &lt; '''yiv-'''....''free'' + '''-x-'''....''do, make'' + '''-u''' [hyp./imper./subj.]
|-
| 38 || '''fyox''' || ''evil'' &lt; '''fyo-'''....''profane, evil'' + '''x'''....''doing'' 
|-
| 39 || '''su''' || ''be'' &lt; '''s-''' [stem of verb ''to be''] + '''-u''' [hyp./imper./subj.]
|-
| 40 || '''huuyen''' || ''thus, such a way'' &lt; '''huu-''' [deictic determiner ''such''] + '''-yen'''....''manner, way'' 
|-
|}

== Tower of Babel  ==

: The Tower of Babel story in Mirad:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;
::# Ha Yabtom bi Babel
::# Huj, hya meirtobi bea ana dalzeyn ay yansauna dunyan.
::# Je van tobi emuipeya byi ha imeram, yit aakaxa zyimem be ha meam &quot;Xenear&quot; ay yit kyotambia hum.
::# Ha tobi hyuitda: &quot;Upu, van yat sanxu hegla mefi ay magxu hasi.&quot; Huyen, yit bea mefi av sexmegi ay megyel av sexyanul.
::# Johus, ha tobi da: &quot;Upu, van yat sexu yauta dom bay yabtom pyusea ha mam.  Huyen, yat so yibtrawa ay hus jaebo yata yonzyaben bu hyami bi ha meir.&quot;
::# Ha Oyjobat yopa bi ha mam av teater ha dom bay ha yabtom hu ha meirtobi sexaya.
::# Johus, ha Oyjobat da, &quot;Teaxu: Yit sanse ana tyob, hu hyati bee yansauna dalyen.  His se anay yita aa xal.  Johis, hyes hu yit ojtexo so vyamxyafwa.
::# Upu, van yat yopu hum av yanmulxer yita dalyen von yit hyuittestu gaj.&quot;
::# Johus ha Oyjobat yonzyaba ha tobi yib bi hum ub hyami bi ha meir, ay yit poxa hasexen bi ha dom ay yabtom.
::# Hus se hasav hu him dyunxwa Babel, be hyua duni: &quot;Yanmulx&quot;.  Se ham hu ha Oyjobat vyonapxa ha dalyeni bi hya meirtobi ay yonzyaba yit bu hyami bi ha meir.
&lt;/div&gt;

: English translation:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
::# The Tower of Babel
::# Then, all earthly humans had a single language and a common vocabulary.
::# While people were migrating from the east, they discovered a plain in the region of Shenear and they settled there.
::# The people said to one another, &quot;Come on, let's mold some bricks and fire them.&quot;  Thus, they had bricks for building stones and tar for mortar.
::# Then, the people said, &quot;Come on, let's build our own city with a tower reaching the sky.  In that way, we will be famous and that will prevent us from being scattered all over the earth.&quot;
::# The Eternal one came down from the sky to see the city with the tower the people of earth had constructed.
::# Then, the Eternal One said, &quot;Behold, they make up one people, all of whom have a common language.  This is only their first accomplishment.  After this, anything they plan will be realizable.&quot;
::# Come, let us go down there to confuse their language so they won't understand one another anymore.&quot;
::# Then the Eternal one scattered the men far from there to all parts of the earth, and they halted construction of the city and tower.
::# That is why this place was named Babel, i.e. &quot;Confusion&quot;.  It is where the Eternal One mixed up the languages of all humans and scattered them all over the earth.
&lt;/div&gt;

: Word-for-word analysis:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller;&quot;&gt;
::# 
:::* '''ha'''....''the'' [definite determiner]
:::* '''yabtom'''....''tower'' &lt; '''yab-'''....''high'' + '''tom'''....''building''
:::* '''bi'''....''of, from'' [preposition; opp: '''bu'''....''to'']
:::* '''Babel''' [proper name]  
:::* '''huj'''....''then'' &lt; '''hu-''' [distal determiner ''that''] + '''j''' [stub for '''job'''....''time'']
:::* '''hya'''....''all'' [distributive determiner]
:::* '''meirtobi'''....''people of earth'' &lt; '''meir'''....''earth'' [ = planet 3] + '''tob'''....''human'' + '''-i''' [plural marker]
:::* '''bea'''....''had'' &lt;  '''be-''' [verb stem of ''to have''] + '''-a''' [past tense]
:::* '''ana'''....''a single'' &lt; '''a(n)-'''....''one'' + '''-a''' [adjective marker]
:::* '''dalzeyn'''....''language'' &lt; '''dal'''....''speech'' + '''zeyn''' ''medium''
:::* '''ay'''....''and'' [positive conjunction; opp: '''oy'''....''but'']
:::* '''yansauna'''....''common'' &lt; '''yan-'''....''together'' + '''saun'''....''type'' + '''-a''' [adjective marker]
:::* '''dunyan'''....''vocabulary'' &lt; '''dun''''....''word'' + '''-yan'''....''collection''
::# 
:::* '''je van'''....''while'' &lt; '''je'''....''during'' + '''van''' [positive complementizer] ''that''
:::* '''tobi'''....''men, people'' &lt; '''tob''' [noun] ''person/man/human'' + '''-i''' [plural marker]
:::* '''emuipeya'''....''were migrating'' &lt; '''em'''....''place'' + '''ui-'''....''hither-thither'' + '''p-'''...''go'' + '''-ey-''' [progressive aspect] + '''-a''' [past tense]
:::* '''byi'''....''since, starting with'' [preposition; opp: '''byu'''....''up to'']
:::* '''imerem'''....''east'' &lt; '''i-''' = ''right/east'' + '''mer'''....''planet'' + '''-em'''....''location''
:::* '''yit'''....''they, them'' &lt; '''yit''' [3d plur animate pronoun]
:::* '''aakaxa'''....''discovered'' &lt; '''aa'''....''first'' + '''kax-''' [stem of verb ''find''] + '''-a''' [past simple tense marker]
:::* '''zyimem'''....''a plain'' &lt; '''zyi-'''....''flat'' + '''mem'''....''land''
:::* '''kyotambia'''....''settled'' &lt; '''kyo-''' = ''static, fixed'' + '''tam'''....''house, home'' + '''bi-''' [stem of verb ''take''] + '''-a''' [past tense marker]
:::* '''hum'''....''there'' &lt; '''hu-''' [distal determiner ''that''] + '''-m'''' [suffix of ''place'']
::#
:::* '''hyuitda'''....''said to one another'' &lt; '''hyuit''' &lt; '''hyui-'''....''one-another'' + '''-t''' [''person'' suffix]  + '''d-''' [stem of verb ''say,tell''] + '''-a''' [past tense maker]
:::* '''van'''....''that'' &lt; [positive complementizer ''that, let, so that'']
:::* '''yat'''....''we, us'' [1st plur anim pron]
:::* '''sanxu'''....''form, mold'' &lt; '''san'''....''form'' + '''-x-'''....''do/make/-ify'' + '''-u''' [hypothetical/imperative/subjunctive]
:::* '''hegla'''....''some'' &lt; '''he-''' [indefinite determiner prefix ''some''] + '''-gla''' [determiner suffix ''quantity/amount/degree'']
:::* '''mefi'''....''bricks'' &lt; '''mef''' [noun] ''brick'' + '''-i''' [plural marker]
:::* '''magxu'''....''fire, burn'' &lt; '''mag-''' = ''fire'' + '''-x-'''....''do/make/-ify'' + '''-u''' [hypothetical/imperative/subjunctive]
:::* '''hasi'''....''they, the things'' &lt; '''ha-''' [definite determiner prefix ''the''] + '''-s''' [inanimate suffix ''thing''] + '''-i''' [plural marker]
:::* '''huyen'''....''thus, so'' &lt; '''hu-''' [distal determiner prefix ''that''] + '''-yen''' [determiner suffix ''manner'']
:::* '''av'''....''for'' [preposition; opp: '''ov'''....''against'']
:::* '''sexmegi'''....''building stones'' &lt; '''sex-''' [stem of verb ''to build''] + '''meg'''....''stone'' + '''-i''' [plural marker]
:::* '''megyel'''....''tar, pitch, asphalt'' &lt; '''meg'''....''stone'' + '''-yel''' [suffix ''viscous liquid'']
:::* '''sexyanul'''....''mortar'' &lt; '''sex-''' [stem of verb ''to build''] + '''yan''' = ''together'' +  '''-ul'''....''substance''
::#
:::* '''johus'''....''then, next'' &lt; '''jo'''....''after'' + '''hu-'''....''that'' + '''-s'''....''thing''
:::* '''da'''....''said, told'' &lt; '''d''' [stem of verb ''say/tell''] + -'''a''' [past simple tense marker]
:::* '''upu'''....''come!'' &lt; '''u(b)''' [preposition] ''toward'' + '''p-''' [stem of verb ''go''] + '''-u''' [imperative]
:::* '''sexu'''....''build'' &lt; '''sex''' [stem of verb ''build''] + -'''u''' [subjunctive] &gt; '''van yat sexu''' = ''let us build''
:::* '''yauta'''....''our own'' &lt;  '''yat''' = we/us + '''ut''' = ''self'' + -'''a''' [adjective marker]
:::* '''dom'''....''city''
:::* '''bay'''....''with'' (preposition; opp: '''boy'''....''without'']
:::* '''yabtom'''....''tower'' &lt;  '''yab'''- = ''high'' + '''tom'''....''building''
:::* '''pyusea'''....''reaching'' &lt; '''pyus'''- ''reach'' + '''-e-''' [progressive] + '''-a''' [adjective marker] 
:::* '''mam'''....''sky''
:::* '''so'''....''will be'' &lt;  '''s'''- = [stem of verb ''to be''] + -'''o''' [future simple tense]
:::* '''yibtrawa'''....''famous'' &lt; '''yib'''....''far'' + '''tra'''- [perfect stem of verb ''know/recognize''] + -'''w'''- [passive voice] + -'''a''' [adjective marker]
:::* '''jaebo'''....''will prevent'' &lt; '''ja'''- ''before'' + '''eb'''- ''between, block'' + -'''o''' [future tense marker]
:::* '''yata'''....''our'' &lt; '''yat''' = ''we/us'' + -'''a''' [adjective marker]
:::* '''yonzyaben'''....''dispersal'' &lt; '''yon'''....''apart'' + '''zya'''- ''wide'' + '''b'''- = [stem of verb ''to put''] + '''-e-''' [progressive] + -'''n''' (nominalizer) = '''-en''' [gerund] ''-ing''
:::* '''bu'''....''to'' [preposition; opp: '''bi'''....''from'']
:::* '''hyami'''....''all places, all parts'' &lt; [distributive determiner prefix '''hya'''- ''all''] + [suffix -'''m'''....''place'' + -'''i''' [plural marker]
:::* '''bi'''....''of, from'' [preposition; opp: '''bu'''....''to'']
::# 
:::* '''Oyjobat'''....''Everlasting One'' &lt; '''oy'''- = ''without'' + '''job'''....''time'' + '''-a''' [adjective marker] + [suffix -'''t'''....''person''] = ''Jehova''
:::* '''yopa'''....''descended'' &lt; '''yo(b)-''' = ''down'' + '''p'''- [stem of verb ''to go''] + -'''a''' [past tense marker]
:::* '''av'''....''for'' [preposition; opp: '''ov'''....''against'']
:::* '''teater'''....''to see'' &lt; '''tea(b)'''- = ''eye'' + '''t-'''....''know'' + '''-er''' [infinitive ending]
:::* '''ha'''....''the'' [def. deictic determiner = def. art.]
:::* '''dom'''....''city''
:::* '''hu'''....''that, which, who'' [relative complementizer]
:::* '''sexaya'''....''had built'' &lt; '''sex-''' [stem of verb ''to build''] + '''-ay-''' [perfect active aspect/voice marker] + '''-a''' [past tense marker]
::#
:::* '''teaxu'''....''look!'' &lt; '''tea(b)-'''....''eye'' + '''x'''- ''do/make/-ify'' + '''-u''' [imperative]
:::* '''yit'''....''they''
:::* '''sanse'''....''form/constitute'' &lt; '''san'''....''form'' + '''s-''' [stem of verb ''be/become/-ize'' + '''-e''' [present tense marker'
:::* '''tyob'''....''a people''
:::* '''hyati'''....''all of them'' &lt; '''hya'''- [distributive determiner prefix ''all''] + [suffix '''-t'''....''person'') + '''-i''' [plural marker]
:::* '''bee'''....''has, have'' &lt; '''be'''- [stem of verb ''to have''] + -'''e''' [present tense marker]
:::* '''his'''....''this'' &lt; [proximal determiner prefix '''hi-'''....''this''] + [suffix '''-t'''....''thing'']
:::* '''anay'''....''only'' &lt; '''a(n)-'''....''one'' + -'''-ay''' [adverb ending ''-ly'']
:::* '''yita'''....''their'' &lt; '''yit''' [3d plur pronoun] ''they'' + -'''a''' [adjective marker]
:::* '''aa'''....''first'' &lt; '''a-'''....''one'' + -'''a''' [adjective marker]
:::* '''xal'''....''accomplishment'' deriv. of '''x-''' [stem of verb ''to do'']
:::* '''johis'''....''then, next'' &lt; '''jo'''....''after'' + '''his''' [proximal inanimate determiner] ''this''
:::* '''hyes hu'''....''whatever'' &lt; [indiscriminate determiner prefix '''hye'''- = ''any/whichever'' + [suffix -'''s'''....''thing''] + hu [relative complementizer ''that'']
:::* '''ojtexo'''....''will plan, envisage'' &lt; '''oj-'''....''future'' + '''tex-'''- [stem of verb ''to think''] + '''-o''' [future tense marker]
:::* '''so'''....''will be'' &lt; '''s'''- [stem of verb ''to be/become''] + -'''o''' [future tense marker]
:::* '''vyamxyafwa'''....''realizable'' &lt; '''vyam'''- = ''real'' + '''x'''- [verb formant ''do/make/-ize''] + '''-yaf-'''....''able'' + -'''w'''- [pass voice] + -'''a''' [adjectival suffix] &gt; ''possible to be made real''
::#
:::* '''yopu'''....''descend'' &lt; '''yo(b)-'''....''down'' + '''p'''- [verb formant ''to go''] + -'''u''' [subjunctive marker] &gt; '''van yat yopu hum'''....''let us go down there''
:::* '''yanmulxer'''....''mix up, confuse'' &lt; '''yan-'''....''together'' + '''mul'''....''stuff'' + [verb formant '''x'''- ''do/make/-ify''] + '''-er''' [infinitive suffix]
:::* '''von'''....''lest, don't, so that not'' [negative complementizer;
:::* '''yit'''....''they''
:::* '''hyuittestiu'''....'''hyuit'''....''one another'' + '''tes'''....''meaning'' + '''t-''' [stem of verb ''know''] + '''-u''' [subjunctive mood suffix]''so they will not understand one another''
:::* '''gaj'''....''further, anymore'' &lt; '''ga-'''....''more'' + '''-j'''....''time'' (short for '''job'''....''time'')
::#
:::* '''Johus'''....''then''
:::* '''ha Oyjobat'''....''the Everlasting One''
:::* '''yonzyaba'''....''scattered'' &lt; '''yon'''....''apart'' + '''zya'''....''wide'' + [verb formant '''b-'''....''put''] + '''-a''' [past tense marker]
:::* '''ha tobi'''....''the men''
:::* '''yib'''....''far'' [adverb]
:::* '''bi hum'''....''from there
:::* '''ub''' [preposition] ''toward''; opp: ib ''away'']
:::* '''hyami'''....''all parts'' &lt; '''hya-'''....''all'' + '''-m'''....''place'' + '''-i''' [plural marker]
:::* '''bi ha meir'''....''of the earth''
:::* '''ay'''....''and''
:::* '''yit'''....''they''
:::* '''poxa'''....''stopped'' &lt; '''po-'''....''still'' + [verb formant '''x-'''....''do/make/-ify''] + '''-a''' [past tense marker]
:::* '''sexen'''....''building'' &lt; '''sex-''' [stem of verb ''to build''] + '''-e-''' [present tense marker] + -n [abstract noun]
:::* '''bi ha dom ay yabtom.'''....''of the city and tower.''
::#
:::* '''se'''....''is, are'' &lt; '''s-'''- [stem of verb ''to be''] + -'''e''' [present tense marker]
:::* '''hasav hu'''....''the reason why'' &lt; [definite determiner prefix '''ha-'''....''the''] + [inanimate suffix -'''s'''....''thing''] + [postposition '''av'''....''for''] '''hu''' [relative complementizer ''that, which, who'']
:::* '''him'''....''here, this place'' &lt; [proximal determiner prefix '''hi'''- ''this''] + [place suffix -'''m''']
:::* '''dyunxwa'''....''was/were named'' &lt; '''dyun'''....''name'' + [verb formant '''x'''- ''do/make/=ify''] + -'''w'''- [passive infix] + -'''a''' [past tense marker]
:::* '''be hyua duni'''....''in other words, i.e.'' &lt; '''be''' [preposition] ''in, at'' '''hyua''' [adjective] ''other'' '''duni''' [plural noun] '''duni'''....''words''
:::* '''ham hu'''....''the place where'' &lt; [definite determiner prefix '''ha-'''....''the''] + [place suffix -'''m'''] '''hu''' [relative complementizer] ''which, who, that''
:::* '''vyonapxa'''....''messed up, confused'' &lt; '''vyo-'''....''wrong/false'' + '''nap'''....''order'' + [verb formant '''x'''- ''do/make''] + -'''a''' [past tense marker]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Sample Texts Analyzed|Lesson 1}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2gevo0iz0d3oi58rrgul2awtgm8200e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/print version</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417682</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088236</id>
      <parentid>4088040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:15:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="797" xml:space="preserve">{{:Mirad Grammar/Introduction}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Alphabet}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Pronunciation}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Syllabification}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Stress}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Phonotactics}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Nouns}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Adjectives}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Adverbs}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Determiners}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Pronouns}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Verbs}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Prepositions}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Conjunctions}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Interjections}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Hybrids}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Greetings}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Word Families}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Syntax}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Sample Texts Analyzed}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Lesson 1}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Lesson 2}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Lesson 3}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Lesson 4}}
{{:Mirad Grammar/Lesson 5}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>cza92qhftt66jhopi5amdqg1r2bk4z2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Character Encodings/To do</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417872</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088408</id>
      <parentid>3842012</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:20:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alexlatham96</username>
        <id>377450</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Don't understand how to do the rest...</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2184" xml:space="preserve">''Feel free to add your suggestions to this list of improvements. If you complete one of the tasks, please place strike through the comment using &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;s&gt;&lt;/s&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; tags.''

This book is at infant, nay perhaps newborn stage, so todo's are at broad level.  Further To Dos may be added when the author guidelines are completed.

==New main person required==
Please be aware with the deletion of the source pages from the English WikiPedia the original author will be withdrawing from the project unless a DRV yields a different result.  Anyone wishing to contact the author is proably best advised to leave a message on their talk page on the English WikiPedia.  Thankyou.

==Don't Dos==
These are mainly relating to the need to do automation and tooling.  Please ask the author.
# Move code pages from Transwiki
# Edit code pages indiscriminately manually.  This could interfere with automation.  
While these &quot;Don't do's&quot; are the author's preference if he is able to continue with the project the author may be feeling he is unable to to continue with the process.  Because of that these &quot;Don't do's&quot; can be reasonably disrespected for anyone which to try to continue with the project etc.

==Current To-Dos==
# &lt;s&gt;Get the Support templates (at RFI) imported&lt;/s&gt;
## &lt;s&gt;Get the documentation for the source templates imported&lt;/s&gt;
# &lt;s&gt;Get Support templates and doc to Template space.&lt;/s&gt;
# Determine name convention for EBCDIC code pages
# &lt;s&gt;Move Code Tables to the Appendix or decide to leave where is.&lt;/s&gt;
# Resolve if their is a CWW issue with the currently imported codepages and request histmerges if necessary or whatever action is or is not necessary
# Develop dewikify procedure for code pages
# Automate dewikify procedure for code pages
# Install code pages
# Prep/create book pages other than code pages
# Note any dewikifying needed on support templates and documentation
# Determine any temp pages needing importing.
# Scripting to convert Infobox character encodings to prose
# determine if to bring barcodes into scope per e.g. [[:w:en:International Article Number]]
# &lt;s&gt;Get the support templates that have been missed from 2 September 2020&lt;/s&gt;
....

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ahju78tmmeuw4nlf18omgx3nhw82zlw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Lesson 1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417911</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088365</id>
      <parentid>4086776</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:37:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lesson 1: What is this? */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9711" xml:space="preserve">= Lesson 1: What is this? =

: In this lesson, you will learn how to ask what an object is and to reply correctly.  You will also learn how to say the plural of nouns and to describe them with adjectives.

== Dialog ==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=0 style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 1
|-
! width=&quot;50%&quot; | MIRAD !! width=&quot;50%&quot; | ENGLISH
|-
| 1. '''&lt;u&gt;Duhas&lt;/u&gt; se his?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;What&lt;/u&gt; is this?''
|-
| 2. '''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; se drar.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; is a pencil.''
|-
| 3. '''Duhas se &lt;u&gt;hus&lt;/u&gt;?''' || ''What is &lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt;?''
|-
| 4. '''Hus se &lt;u&gt;dresem&lt;/u&gt;.''' || ''That's &lt;u&gt;a desk&lt;/u&gt;.''
|-
| 5. '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; dresem se aga.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; desk is big.''
|-
| 6. '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; drar se oga.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; pencil is small.''
|-
| 7. '''Duhas se &lt;u&gt;aga&lt;/u&gt;?''' || ''What is &lt;u&gt;big&lt;/u&gt;?''
|-
| 8. '''&lt;u&gt;Hua&lt;/u&gt; dresem se aga.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;That&lt;/u&gt; desk is big.''
|-
| 9. '''Duhas se &lt;u&gt;oga&lt;/u&gt;?''' || ''What is &lt;u&gt;small&lt;/u&gt;?''
|-
| 10. '''&lt;u&gt;Hia&lt;/u&gt; drar se oga.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;This&lt;/u&gt; pencil is small.''
|-
| 11. '''Duha &lt;u&gt;drari&lt;/u&gt; se oga?''' || ''Which &lt;u&gt;pencils&lt;/u&gt; are small?''
|-
| 12. '''Hia drari &lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt; oga.''' || ''These pencils &lt;u&gt;are&lt;/u&gt; small.''
|-
| 13. '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; dresemi se aga.  &lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; drari se oga.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; desks are big.  &lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; pencils are small.''
|-
| 14. '''Hua drari se oga. &lt;u&gt;Husi&lt;/u&gt; se oga.''' || ''Those pencils are small.  &lt;u&gt;Those&lt;/u&gt; are small.''
|}

== Determiners ==
: In the above dialog, you see words that begin with the letter '''h'''.  These are a special type of word called '''''determiners''''', or more specifically '''''deictic determiners'''''.  These are words which point out the context of something, for example, where something is located relative to the speaker.  Such determiners can be pronouns or adjectives modifying a noun that follows.  The '''h''' is pronounced just as in American English.  The chart below show the deictic (''pointing'') determiners used in the dialog:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 1 Determiners
|-
! TYPE !! PRONOUN !! ADJECTIVE
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''Duhas...?'''....''what (thing)...?'' || '''Duhas...?'''....''Which (thing)...?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''has'''....''it'' || '''ha'''....''the''
|-
| PROXIMATE || '''his'''....''this'' || '''hia'''....''this, these''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hus'''....''that'' || '''hua'''....''that, those'' 
|}

: Deictic (&quot;pointing&quot;) determiners always begin with the consonant '''h''' and are followed by a vowel that indicates whether it is interrogative, proximate (near the speaker), distal (away from the speaker), and other categories that will be learned later.  The final letter, if '''s''' signals that the determiner is a pronoun referring to a '''''thing'''''.  If the final consonant is '''a''', it means that the determiner is an adjective that modifies the following noun.  In fact, all adjectives in Mirad end in '''-a'''.
: This may seem a little confusing to the learner at first, because in English, ''this'' as a pronoun (''this [ = thing]'') is not distinguished from ''this'' as a adjective (''this [desk]'').  The two are distinguished in Mirad ('''his''' (''this [thing]'') vs. '''hia drar''' (''this pencil'').
: Mirad students who speak Latin-based languages like French and Spanish need to know that adjectives in Mirad do not agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.  So, '''hia''' (''this'') and '''hia''' (''that'') do not change form no matter what the object or person noun they modify.  The same applies to descriptive adjectives like '''aga''' (''big'') and '''oga''' (''small'').
: Another matter that Latin-based language speakers need to realize is that adjectives in Mirad come BEFORE the noun they modify.  Furthermore, deictic determiners acting as adjectives precede any descriptive adjectives.  So, ''these&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; small&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; desks'' would be expressed in Mirad as '''hia&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; oga&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; dresemi.'''
: Interrogative determiners (question words) begin with &quot;duha''', which literally means ''say the''.  An interrogative is really a kind of imperative like ''Tell me your name'', ''Tell me the place (where?)'', or ''Tell me the person (who?)''.  '''Du''' is an imperative of the verb '''der'''....''say, tell'', and means '''tell (me), say!'''  This is followed by the definite article '''ha'''....''the''.  '''Duham?''' is literally '''Tell (me) the place''.  '''Dujaj?''' is literally ''Tell (me) the time''.

== Pluralizing Nouns and Pronoun Determiners ==
: Nouns, which always end in a consonant, are made plural by suffixing the vowel ''i'' to the noun.  '''dresem''' = ''a desk'', '''dresemi''' = ''desks''; '''drar''' = ''a pencil'', '''drari''' = ''pencils''.
: The pronoun determiners '''has''', '''his''', and '''hus''' are also pluralized by suffixing the vowel '''i'''.  For example, '''&lt;u&gt;Hisi&lt;/u&gt; se oga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;these&lt;/u&gt; are small.''
:The adjectival determiners and descriptive adjectives modifying the noun do not change form, i.e. they do not agree in number as in English and Latin-based languages, eg. '''hua drar'''....''that pencil'' vs. '''hua drari'''....''those pencils''.  This includes the definite adjectival determiner '''ha'''....''the'', which never changes form.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 1 Pluralizing Nouns 
|-
! SINGULAR !! PLURAL
|-
| '''hoa drar?'''....''which pencil?'' || '''hoa drar&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''which pencils?''
|-
| '''hia dresem'''....''this desk'' || '''hia dresem&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''these desks''
|-
| '''hua drar'''....''that pencil'' || '''hua drar&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''those pencils'' 
|-
| '''hua aga dresem'''....''that big desk'' || '''hua aga dresem&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''those big desks''
|-
| '''hua oga drar'''....''that little pencil'' || '''hua oga drar&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''those little pencils''
|-
| '''ha drar'''....''the pencil'' || '''ha drar&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''the pencils''
|-
| '''Hos?'''....''What (thing)?'' || '''Hosi?'''....''What (things)?''
|-
| '''His.'''....''This (thing).'' || '''Hisi.'''....''These (things)''
|-
| '''Hus.'''....''That (thing).'' || '''Husi.'''....''Those (things)''
|-
| '''Has'''....''It.'' || '''Hasi.'''....''They, the things''
|}

== Modifying Nouns with Articles ==
: In Mirad, there is no equivalent of the English indefinite article '''a''' or '''an'''.  This article is left unexpressed. So '''aga drar''' means ''a big pencil''.  '''oga drari''' means ''little pencils''.
: The equivalent of the definite article ''the'', however, is rendered by the adjectival deictic determiner '''ha'''.  So, ''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; desk'' and ''&lt;u&gt;the&lt;/u&gt; desks'' are expressed by Mirad '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; dresem''' and '''&lt;u&gt;ha&lt;/u&gt; dresemi'''.  Again, '''ha''' does not change form when modify a singular or plural noun.  The definite article '''ha''' (which is really the definite adjectival deictic determiner, is used exactly as the English article ''the'' (which is quite different from the use of the definite article in many other languages).

== Adjective Opposites ==
: Note that '''aga''' and '''oga''' are opposite in meaning.  The stem vowels '''a''' and '''o''' spell the difference.  If the stem vowel of a descriptive adjective is '''a''', then its opposite will be '''o''' and the adjective with '''a''' will be the positive, greater, or better of the two values.  In fact, there is an &quot;in-between&quot; values represented by the vowel '''e''', as in the chart below:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 1 Three-Way Descriptive Adjectives
|-
! POSITIVE !! INTERMEDIATE !! NEGATIVE
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''ega'''....''normal'' || '''oga'''....''small''
|-
| '''aza'''....''strong'' || '''eza'''....''moderate'' || '''oza'''....''weak''
|}

== Verb ''to be'' in the Present ==
: The verb form used in the above dialog is '''se''', which is the simple present tense form of the verb infinitive '''ser''' meaning ''to be''.  The form '''se''' is used with singular or plural subjects and therefore means ''am'', ''is'' or ''are''. Mirad does not normally make a distinction between the the ''being'' of essence and the ''being'' of circumstance as does Spanish with ''ser'' and ''estar''. (And, by the way, the similarity in form between the '''ser''' of Mirad and the '''ser''' of Spanish is purely coincidental.  Vocabulary in Mirad is ''a priori'', that is, created from scratch and not based on any existing human language.)
== Word Composition ==
: The nouns '''drar'''....''pencil'' and '''dresem''' share a root in common, '''dr-''' &lt; '''drer'''....''to write''. 

: The ending '''-ar''' of '''drar''' is a stub suffix from '''sar'''....''implement, tool''.  The ending '''-sem''' means ''table'', so '''dresem''' literally means ''writing table''.  Many words in Mirad are built up from root morphemes in this fashion.

: Even determiners you have learned so far are formed this way.  '''Duhas...?'''....''What...?'' is composed of '''du'''....''tell (me)'' + '''ha'''....''the'' + '''-s''', a stub suffix from '''sun'''....''thing''.  The determiner '''hus'''....''that'' is composed of '''hu-'''....''that'' + '''-s'''....''thing''.

== Lesson 1 Vocabulary ==
: Nouns
::* '''drar'''....''pencil''
::* '''dresem'''....''desk''
: Pronouns
::* '''hos? / his / hus / has'''....''what? / this (thing) / that (thing) / it (the thing)''
: Adjectives
::* '''hoa? / hia / hua / ha'''....''which? / this / that / the''
::* '''aga / ega / oga'''....''big / normal / little''
::* '''aza / eza / oza'''....''strong / moderate / weak''
: Verbs
::* '''ser'''....''to be''
:::* '''se'''....''is / am / are'' (simple present tense)

 &lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Sample Texts Analyzed|Lesson 2}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>p6gv098ceo6lrpyvr77ktumlu2c67ah</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Lesson 2</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417927</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088364</id>
      <parentid>4086798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:36:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lesson 2: Who are you? */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13144" xml:space="preserve">= Lesson 2: Who are you? =
: In this lesson you will learn how to ask and respond about people.
== Dialog ==
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog: Asking About People
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| '''Hay, et se &lt;u&gt;duhat&lt;/u&gt;?''' || ''Hello, &lt;u&gt;who&lt;/u&gt; are you?'' (Lit. ''...you are who?'')
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;At&lt;/u&gt; se eta tuxut.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;I&lt;/u&gt;'m your teacher.''
|-
| '''Ay at se &lt;u&gt;eta&lt;/u&gt; tixut.''' || ''And I'm &lt;u&gt;your&lt;/u&gt; student.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;Va&lt;/u&gt;.  Et se ata &lt;u&gt;fia&lt;/u&gt; tixut.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Yes&lt;/u&gt;.  You are my &lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt; student.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;Duhat&lt;/u&gt; se hut ha dresem?''' || ''Who is &lt;u&gt;that (person)&lt;/u&gt; at the desk?''
|-
| '''Hut se &lt;u&gt;gay&lt;/u&gt; tixut.''' || ''That (person) is &lt;u&gt;also&lt;/u&gt; a student.''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;Ita&lt;/u&gt; dyun se duhas?''' || ''What is his name.'' (Lit: ''&lt;u&gt;His&lt;/u&gt; name is what?'')
|-
| '''Ita &lt;u&gt;dyun&lt;/u&gt; se John.  Eta dyun se duhas, &lt;u&gt;hey&lt;/u&gt; Dut?''' || ''His &lt;u&gt;name&lt;/u&gt; is John.  What's your name, (&lt;u&gt;oh&lt;/u&gt;) sir?''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;Ata&lt;/u&gt; dyun se Anderson. &lt;u&gt;Ay&lt;/u&gt; eta dyun?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;My&lt;/u&gt; name is Mr. Anderson.  &lt;u&gt;And&lt;/u&gt; your name?''
|-
| '''Se Mary.'''  || ''It's Mary.''
|-
| '''Hus se &lt;u&gt;via&lt;/u&gt; dyun.''' || ''That's a &lt;u&gt;beautiful&lt;/u&gt; name.''
|}

== Animate Determiners and Personal Pronouns ==
: In the last lesson, you learned the question word '''hos?''' meaning ''what?'' and referring to a thing.  In this lesson, we introduced the interrogative animate pronominal deictic determiner '''hot?''', which means ''who?'' or ''whom'', referring to a person.  Here is a chart of possible answers, i.e. pronominal deictic determiners and personal pronouns and pronominal adjectives:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Singular Animate Pronouns and Determiners
|-
! TYPE !! PRONOUN !! POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
|-
| interrogative determiner || '''Duhat...?'''....''Who(m)?'' || '''Duhata...?'''....''Whose...?''
|-
| proximal determiner || '''hit'''....''this person'' || '''hita'''....''this person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| distal determiner || '''hut'''....''that person'' || '''huta'''....''that person&amp;apos;s''
|-
| 1st person singular || '''at'''....''I (or) me'' || '''ata'''....''my''
|-
| 2nd person singular || '''et'''....''you'' || '''eta'''....''your''
|-
| 3rd person singular || '''it'''....''he (or) she, him (or) her'' || '''ita'''....''his (or) her''
|}
: Notice that '''hot''' differs from '''hos''' in the final consonant.  Pronouns ending in '''-t''' refer to persons, while those ending in '''s''' refer to things.

== Possessive Adjectives ==
: A possessive adjective is formed from the pronoun by the addition of the adjectival ending '''-a'''.  So, '''at''' (''I/me'') becomes '''ata''' (''my'').
:: '''Duhata?'''....''Whose?''
:: '''hata'''....''the person's, his/her''
:: '''hita'''....''this person's, his/her''
:: '''huta'''....''that peron's, his/her''
:: '''ata'''....''my''
:: '''eta'''....''your''
:: '''ita'''....''his/her''
=== Gender in Mirad ===
: Mirad is a gender-neutral language.  If gender is to be expressed, it is done so with the use of the markers '''w''' and '''y'''.  To make '''it'''....''his/her'' specifically refer to a male, insert '''w''' &lt;u&gt;before&lt;/u&gt; the root vowel.  Thus, '''wit''' means ''he/him'' and '''wita''' means ''his''.

: Similarly, to make a pronoun or possessive adjective refer to a female, insert '''y''' &lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; the root vowel.  Thus, '''iyt''' means ''she/her'' and '''iyta''' means ''her''.  

: Determiners can be genderized, too.  '''Huyt''' means ''that female, she/her'' while  '''hwita''' means ''this male's/his''.  The letter combination in Mirad '''hw''' is pronounced exactly as '''wh''' in English ''what''.
=== Table of Pronouns in Mirad Showing Gender-marking ===
: Here is a table of pronouns with gender marked.  Note that the plural personal pronouns begin in a '''y''' and cannot be masculinized.  The corresponding masculine plural deictic pronouns can be used instead.  The plurals of deictic pronouns end in the usual noun plural marker '''-i'''.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Personal and Deictic Pronouns with Gender Expressed
|-
! TYPE !! SINGULAR NEUTRAL PRONOUN !! SINGULAR FEMININE PRONOUN || SINGULAR MASCULINE PRONOUN || PLURAL NEUTRAL PRONOUN !! PLURAL FEMININE PRONOUN !! PLURAL MASCULINE PRONOUN
|-
| 1ST PERSON ANIMATE PRONOUN || '''at'''....''I/me'' || '''ayt'''....''I/me (female) || '''wat'''....''I/me (male)'' || '''yat'''....''we/us (f. or m.)'' || '''yayt'''....''we/us (females)'' || [same as '''yat''']
|-
| 2ND PERSON ANIMATE PRONOUN || '''et'''....''you'' || '''eyt'''....''you (female) || '''wet'''....''you (male) || '''yet'''....''you all'' || '''yeyt'''....''you all (female) || [same as '''yet''']
|-
| 3RD PERSON ANIMATE PRONOUN || '''it'''....''he/she/him/her'' || '''iyt'''....''she/her'' || '''wit'''....''he/him'' || '''yit'''....''they/them'' || '''yiyt'''....''they/them (f.) || [same as '''yit''']
|-
| 3RD PERSON DEFINITE DEICTIC PRONOUN || '''hat'''....''he/she/him/her/the person'' || '''hayt'''....''she/her/the female'' || '''hwat'''....''he/him/the guy'' || '''hati'''...''they/them'' || '''hayti'''....''they/them/the females || '''hwati'''....''they/them, the males''
|-
| 3RD PERSON PROXIMAL DEICTIC PRONOUN || '''hit'''....''he/she/him/her/this person'' || '''hiyt'''....''she/her/this female'' || '''hwit'''....''he/him/this guy'' || '''hiti'''...''they/them'' || '''hiyti'''....''they/them/these females|| '''hwiti'''....''they/them/these males''
|-
| 3RD PERSON REMOTE DEICTIC PRONOUN || '''hut'''....''he/she/him/her/that person'' || '''huyt'''....''she/her/that female'' || '''hwut'''....''he/him/that guy'' || '''huti'''...''they/them'' || '''huyti'''....''they/them/those females || '''hwuti'''....''they/them/those males''
|-
| 3RD PERSON INTERROGATIVE DEICTIC PRONOUN || '''duhat?'''....''who(m)?'' || '''duhayt?'''....''who(m)?/which female?'' || '''duhwat?'''....''who(m)?/which male?'' || '''duhati?'''...''who(m)?/which persons?'' || '''duhayti?'''....''who(m)?/which females'' || '''duhwati?'''....''who(m)?/which males?''
|}

== Descriptive Adjectives ==
: Descriptive adjectives end in the vowel '''-a'''.  There are usually two sets of semantically opposing adjectives:  Those with a three-way opposition like '''aga''' (''big'') - '''ega''' (''normal'') - '''oga''' (''small'') and those with a two-way opposition like '''via''' (''beautiful'') - '''vua''' (''ugly'').  The vowels '''a''' and '''i''' are positive, while the vowels '''o''' and '''u''' are negative.  The vowel '''e''' is in-between.  
: The descriptive adjective '''via''' (''beautiful''), because of the '''i'''-vowel stem,  is a positive attribute.  Changing '''i''' to '''u''' yields '''vua''' (''ugly'').
: Here are some examples in sentences:
::* '''Hus se &lt;u&gt;vua&lt;/u&gt; dyun.'''....''That is an &lt;u&gt;ugly&lt;/u&gt; name.''
::* '''Eta dyun se &lt;u&gt;vua&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Your name is &lt;u&gt;ugly&lt;/u&gt;.''
: Likewise, '''fia''' (''good'') can be easily transformed to '''fua''' (''bad'').
::* '''Ata tuxut se &lt;u&gt;fia&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''My teacher is &lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Hit se &lt;u&gt;fua&lt;/u&gt; tixut.'''....''This is a &lt;u&gt;bad&lt;/u&gt; student.''
::* '''Hia tuxut se &lt;u&gt;fia&lt;/u&gt; ay fua.'''....''This teacher is &lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt; and bad.''
: Knowing the above, try filling in the blanks below:
::* '''Iga''' means ''slow'', so '''uga''' means ________.
::* '''Vaa''' means ''affirmative'' and '''vea''' means ''possible'', so '''voa''' means _________.
::* '''Fua''' means ''bad'', so '''fia''' means ___________.
::* '''Afwa''' means ''allowed'', so '''ofwa''' means ___________.

== Three-way Scaling of Words ==
: As learned in the last lesson, adjectives and other words with an '''a''' vowel stem can be part of a three-way scale, as shown in this chart:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Three-way Scaling
|-
! TYPE !! PRONOUN !! POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
|-
! POSITIVE !! INTERMEDIATE !! NEGATIVE
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' || '''ve'''....''maybe'' || '''vo'''....''no''
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''ega'''....''normal'' || '''oga'''....''small''
|-
| '''ay'''....''and, also'' || '''ey'''....''or, else'' || '''oy'''....''but''
|-
| '''hay'''...''hello'' || '''hey'''...''hey, oh'' || '''hoy'''...''goodbye.''
|}
: So, since you know that '''va''' means ''yes'' from this lesson's dialog, you now no how to say ''maybe'' and ''no''.
::* '''Eta dyun se John, &lt;u&gt;va&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''Your name is John, &lt;u&gt;yes&lt;/u&gt;?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Vo&lt;/u&gt;. Ata dyun se Bill.'''....''&lt;u&gt;No&lt;/u&gt;.  My name is Bill.''
::* '''Hua tuxut sefia, &lt;u&gt;va&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''That teacher is good, &lt;u&gt;right&lt;/u&gt;?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ve&lt;/u&gt;. It se fia ay fua.'''....''Maybe.  He (or she) is good and bad.''
::* '''Hia dresem se oga &lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt; fia.'''....''This desk is small &lt;u&gt;but&lt;/u&gt; good.''
::* '''Hit se via &lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt; hut se vua.'''....''This person is nice-looking &lt;u&gt;and&lt;/u&gt; that one is ugly.''
::* '''Via &lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt; vua, hia tuxut se fia.'''....''Beautiful &lt;u&gt;or&lt;/u&gt; ugly, this teacher is good.''
: When addressing a senior male, use '''hey Dut''' (''oh, Mr.'').  '''Hey''' is a vocative interjection.  Similar, use '''hay''' for ''hello'' and '''hoy''' for ''goodbye''.  Notice that these greetings have the '''a - e - i''' three-way scaling.  '''Dut''' means ''sir, mister'' (the female version being '''Duyt''' (''Ms., Ma'am, Madam, Mrs., etc.).
::* '''Hey Dut Johnson, ...'''....''Hey Mr. Johnson.''
::* '''Hey Duyt Johnson, hay!'''....''Mrs. Johnson, hi!''
::* '''Va. Hoy!'''....''Yes.  Goodbye!''
== The Definite Article '''ha''' ==
: The definite article '''ha''' (''the'') is really just another adjectival deictic determiner.  It is used exactly as in English.  Unlike in the Romance languages and other languages, '''ha''' is invariable in its adjective form and there is no agreement in gender or number with the noun it modifies.  In fact, this is true of all adjectives in Mirad.
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; dresem se aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; desk is big.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; dresemi se aga.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; desks are big.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ha&lt;/u&gt; aga dresemi se via.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The&lt;/u&gt; big desks are beautiful.''
: This adjectival deictic determiner can be made into an animate and inanimate pronoun by suffixing '''-t''' or '''-s''', as shown in the following chart:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Definite article '''ha''' as a deictic determiner
|-
! TYPE !! ADJECTIVE !! ANIMATE PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PRONOUN
|-
| DEFINITE || '''ha'''....''the'' || '''hat'''....''the person, he, she'' || '''has'''....''the thing, it''
|-
| PROXIMATE || '''hia'''....''this'' || '''hit'''....''this person, he, she'' || '''his'''...''this thing, this''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hua'''....''that'' || '''hut'''....''that person, he, she'' || '''hus'''....''that thing, that''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hat&lt;/u&gt; be hua dresem se Joe.'''....''&lt;u&gt;The one&lt;/u&gt; at that desk is Joe.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hat&lt;/u&gt; se ata tuxut.'''....''&lt;u&gt;He&lt;/u&gt; is my teacher.''

: In fact, '''-s''' and '''-t''' can be suffixed to most any noun to mean ''an X thing'' or ''an X person'', eg.:
::* '''Ha tuxut se ha &lt;u&gt;agat&lt;/u&gt; be ha dresem.'''....''The teacher is the &lt;u&gt;big fellow&lt;/u&gt; at the desk.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Agas&lt;/u&gt; ey &lt;u&gt;ogas&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;A big one&lt;/u&gt; or &lt;u&gt;a small one&lt;/u&gt;?''

: The thing '''-s''' and person '''-t''' suffixes are really abbreviated stubs of the words '''sun''' (''thing'') and '''tob''' (''person'').

== The Preposition '''be''' ==
: You will notice the phrase in the dialog '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; ha dresem''', which means ''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; the desk''.  The preposition '''be''' comes before its object and indicates general location or position.  It can have various translations, though, as shown here:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; ha dresem'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; the desk''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; ha mimkum'''....''&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt; the shore''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; abem bi ha tam'''....''&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt; top of the house''
::* '''It se &lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; sinibar'''....''he is &lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt; television''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;be&lt;/u&gt; em bi his'''....''&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt; place of (= instead of) this''

== Lesson 2 Vocabulary ==
: Nouns
::* '''tixut / tuxut'''....''student/teacher''
::* '''dut / duyt'''....''sir, mister, Mr./Mrs., Miss, Ms., Madam, Ma'am''
::* '''dyun'''....''name''
: Pronouns
::* '''at / et / it / yat / yet / yit'''....''I (or) me/you/he (or) him, she (or) her / we (or) us / you / they (or) them
::* '''duhat? / hat / hit / hut / duhati? / hati / hiti /huti '''....''who(m)?, the person / this person / that person / who (pl) / the persons / these persons / those persons
: Adjectives
::* '''fia / fua'''....''good/bad''
::* '''via / vua'''....''beautiful/ugly''
::* '''duhata? / hata / hita / huta'''....''whose? / the person&amp;apos;s / this person&amp;apos;s / that person&amp;apos;s
::* '''ata / eta / ita / yata / yeta / yita'''....''my / your / his (or) her / our / your / their''
: Interjections
::* '''va / ve / vo'''....''yes / maybe / no''
::* '''hay / hey / hoy'''....''hello /hey /goodbye''
: Conjunctions
::* '''ay / ey / oy'''....''and /or /but''
::* '''gay / gey / goy'''....''also / even / except''
: Prepositions
::* '''be'''....''at'' (a general preposition indicating location)

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Lesson 1|Lesson 3}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>11rrxxjz4z9o9t2yb3uo0nrt1z1tobq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Lesson 3</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417956</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088363</id>
      <parentid>4087064</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:35:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lesson 3: Where do you live? */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10742" xml:space="preserve">= Lesson 3: Where do you live? =
: In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate verbs in the basic tenses.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 3: Verbs in the Simple Active Indicative Tenses
|-
! PERSON || MIRAD || ENGLISH
|-
| M: ||'''Hay, Joe! Duhayen et xeye?''' || ''Hi, Joe!  How are you doing?''
|-
| J: ||'''At xeye fiay, Maria. Ay et?''' || ''I'm doing well, Maria.  And you?''
|-
| M: ||'''Hyas se fia. Duham et tambese hij?''' || ''Everything is good.  Where do you live now?''
|-
| J: ||'''At tambese zedom hij.  Ja his, at tambesa ha yuzdom.''' || ''I live downtown now.  Before this, I lived in the suburbs.''
|-
| M: ||'''Huj, et sa gla yib bi him.  Hij, et tambese gla yub.''' || ''Then, you were very far from here.  Now, you live very close by.''
|-
| J: ||'''Va. Duhas et xe av yex hij? || ''Yes.  What are you doing for work now?
|-
| M: ||'''At yexe be tolnam yub bi him.  At so hum ju ha uj bi ha jeb.''' || ''At work at a grocery store near here.  I will be there until the end of the season.''
|-
| J: ||'''Su baka.  Yexu jestay.  At hoydo et hij.''' || ''Be well.  Work hard.  I will say goodbye to you now.''
|-
| M: ||'''Hoy.  Upu ha tolnam hej.''' || ''Bye.  Come to the grocery store some time.''
|}
== Grammar Notes ==
=== Conjugating Simple Active Verbs ===
: You've seen some uses of the verb '''ser''' (''to be'') in the previous lessons.  In this dialog, you see that same verb used in other tenses, aspects, and moods beside the simple present active indicative (''is/am/are'').  In this lesson, you are going to learn that by changing the '''er''' ending of the infinitive to one of the vowels '''a''', '''e''', '''o''', and '''u''', you can conjugate any verb in three simple, active tenses plus one other tenseless form that can act as a conditional or imperative.  The following chart shows these tenses (first the simple aspect tenses) and how ending are suffixed to the verb stem:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Conjugation in the Simple Active Tenses
|-
! ASPECT !! VOICE !! MOOD !! TENSE !! '''ser'''&lt;br&gt;(''to be'') !! '''xer'''&lt;br&gt;(''to do'') !! '''uper'''&lt;br&gt;(''to come'')
|-
! colspan=4 | STEM !! '''s-''' || '''x-''' || '''up-'''
|-
| SIMPLE || ACTIVE || INDICATIVE || PRESENT || '''at se'''....''I am''|| '''at xe'''....''I do'' || '''at upe'''....''I come'' 
|-
| SIMPLE || ACTIVE || INDICATIVE || PAST  || '''at sa'''....''I was'' || '''at xa'''....''I did'' || '''at upa'''....''I came''
|-
| SIMPLE || ACTIVE || INDICATIVE ||FUTURE || '''at so'''....''I will be'' ||'''at xo'''....''I will do'' || '''at upo'''....''I will come''
|-
| SIMPLE || ACTIVE || HYPOTHETICAL|| (CONDITIONAL)&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt; (IMPERATIVE)&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; || '''at su'''....''I would be''&lt;br&gt;'''su!'''....''Be!''|| '''at xu'''....''I would do''&lt;br&gt;'''Xu!'''...''Do!'' || '''at upu'''....''I would come''&lt;br&gt;'''Upu!'''....''Come!''
|}
: &lt;small&gt; Note 1: These are TENSELESS forms.&lt;/small&gt;

: These are called simple aspect tenses and refer to habitual states and actions.  In the dialog, the verb form '''xeye''' is in the progressive aspect (''I am in doing something'', as oppposed to ''I do something'' as a habitual action), which will be discussed in a later lesson.

: Verb forms do not change for person and number:
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;xe&lt;/u&gt;'''....''I &lt;u&gt;do&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;xe&lt;/u&gt;'''....''you &lt;u&gt;do&lt;/u&gt;''
::* '''It &lt;u&gt;xe&lt;/u&gt;'''....''he &lt;u&gt;does&lt;/u&gt;''

: The plural pronouns begin with a '''y''':
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yat&lt;/u&gt; xe'''....''&lt;u&gt;We&lt;/u&gt; do''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yet&lt;/u&gt; xe'''....''&lt;u&gt;You&lt;/u&gt; (pl.) do''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yit&lt;/u&gt; xe'''....''&lt;u&gt;They&lt;/u&gt; (pl.) does''

: Notice that the verb form does not change from person to person or from singular to plural.
: Take note also, that the above pronouns are genderless.  So '''it xe''' can mean ''he does'' or ''she does''.  The singular pronouns can be marked for specific gender, but we'll get to that in a later lesson.  Also, be aware that these personal pronouns do not change form whether they are the subject or object of a verb.

==== The Conditional and Imperative ====
: If the verb form ends in '''-u''', it is in the tenseless hypothetical mood.  It can act as a conditional verb form or an imperative verb form.  It acts as a conditional if the subject is present and it is functioning in a main clause:
::* '''Hus &lt;u&gt;su&lt;/u&gt; fia.'''....''That &lt;u&gt;would be&lt;/u&gt; good.''

: If the -u verb form has no subject, it can usually be interpreted as a command (= imperative):
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Su&lt;/u&gt; baka!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Be&lt;/u&gt; well!''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Xu&lt;/u&gt; has hij!'''....''&lt;u&gt;Do&lt;/u&gt; it now!''
==== Omitting Prepositions after Certain Verbs ====
: Certain verbs contain inherent positionality or directionality and therefore can be followed by an direct object without a preposition.  This is done in English a lot with expressions like ''go home'' or ''come this way'' or ''live downtown'' (instead of ''go to home'' or ''come toward this way'' or ''live in downtown'').  Here are some common examples of this omission:
::* '''Upu ha nam hej.'''....''Come (to) the store sometime.''
::* '''At tambese zedom.'''....''I live (in) the downtown.''
::* '''Du at eta dyun.'''....''Tell (to) me your name.''
==== Quiz on Simple Active Verbs ====
: Fill in the blanks with the Mirad equivalents of the underlined English verb forms:
::# '''At ______ hum.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;will be&lt;/u&gt; there.''
::# '''______ eta yex hij.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Do&lt;/u&gt; your work now.''
::# '''Et ________ hom?'''....''You &lt;u&gt;lived&lt;/u&gt; where?''
::# '''Hot _______ bay et.'''....''Who &lt;u&gt;will come&lt;/u&gt; with you?''
::# '''Et _______ hos hij?'''....''What do you &lt;u&gt;do&lt;/u&gt; now? ( = You do what now?)''
::# '''Hus _____ fia.'''....''That &lt;u&gt;would be&lt;/u&gt; good.''

=== Deictic Adverbs ===
: In the dialog, you see words like '''hoyen?''' (''how''), '''hij''' (''now''), and '''him''' (''here'').  These are called deictic adverbs, because they point to the context of manner, time and place.  This chart shows a few of these forms, which are ''correlated'':

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Correlative Deictic Adverbs
|-
! TYPE !! PLACE !! TIME !! MANNER
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''duham?'''....''where?'' || '''duhaj?'''....''when? || '''duhayen?'''....''how?''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hem'''....''somewhere'' || '''hej'''....''sometime'' || '''heyen'''....''somehow''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''him'''....''here'' || '''hij'''....''now'' || '''hiyen'''....''this way''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hum'''....''there || '''huj'''....''then'' || '''huyen'''....''that way''
|}
: There are quite a few more types that can be correlated this way, but you will learn them in future lessons.
: Examples of usage:
::* '''Yit se &lt;u&gt;duham&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are they?''
::* '''Yit tambesa &lt;u&gt;him&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They lived &lt;u&gt;here&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yat tambeso &lt;u&gt;hem&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''We will live &lt;u&gt;somewhere&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Ha tuxut upo &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''The teacher will come &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Upu &lt;u&gt;hij&lt;/u&gt;!'''....''Come &lt;u&gt;now&lt;/u&gt;!''
::* '''Et upo &lt;u&gt;duhaj&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;When&lt;/u&gt; will you come?''
::* '''Et xeye &lt;u&gt;duhayen&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''
::* '''At tambesa &lt;u&gt;hum&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I lived &lt;u&gt;there&lt;/u&gt;.''

: A complete list of deictic adverbs can be found in the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]].
==== Quiz on Deictic Adverbs ====
: Fill in the following blanks with deictic adverb equivalents underlined in English.
::# '''Et tambese ____?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; do you live?''
::# '''____ et xeye?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How&lt;/u&gt; are you doing?''
::# '''Upu _____!'''....''Come &lt;u&gt;here&lt;/u&gt;!''
::# '''Yat upo zedom _____.'''....''We will come downtown &lt;u&gt;sometime&lt;/u&gt;.''
::# '''At xo has ______.'''....''I will do it &lt;u&gt;somehow&lt;/u&gt;.''
== Forming Adverbs ==
: Adverbs can be formed from descriptive adjectives by adding ''-y'' to the end of the adjective:
::* '''jesta'''....''diligent'' --&gt; '''jestay'''....''diligently'' (or ''hard'' as in ''to work hard'')
::* '''baka'''....''healthy'' --&gt; '''bakay'''....''healthily''
::* '''fia'''....''good'' --&gt; '''fiay'''....''well''
::* '''fua'''....''bad'' --&gt; '''fuay'''....''poorly''
::* '''via'''....''beautiful'' --&gt; '''viay'''....''beautifully''
: There are words in Mirad that are inherent adverbs and do not required a change of form, such as:
::* '''yub'''....''near''
::* '''yib'''....''far''
::* '''gla'''....''very''
::* '''duham?'''....''where'' (and all of the other deictic adverbs)
: The adverbs '''yub''' and '''yib''' can be used in the following prepositional phrases, using '''bi''' (''of, from''):
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yub bi&lt;/u&gt; ha dom'''....''&lt;u&gt;near&lt;/u&gt; the city''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;yib bi&lt;/u&gt; ha tolnam'''....''&lt;u&gt;far from&lt;/u&gt; the grocery store''
: These two adverbs can also be converted to adjectives with the suffixation of '''-a''':
::* '''ha &lt;u&gt;yuba&lt;/u&gt; tam'''....''the &lt;u&gt;nearby&lt;/u&gt; house''
::* '''hua &lt;u&gt;yiba&lt;/u&gt; nam'''....''that &lt;u&gt;faraway&lt;/u&gt; store''
: These two adjectival derivatives and be further adverbialized to produce two words with special meanings:
::* '''It se &lt;u&gt;yubay&lt;/u&gt; him.'''....''He (or she) is &lt;u&gt;almost&lt;/u&gt; (=nearly) here.''
::* '''Hus voy se &lt;u&gt;yibay&lt;/u&gt; fia.'''....''That is not &lt;u&gt;remotely&lt;/u&gt; good.''
== Lesson 3 Vocabulary ==
: Nouns:
::* '''zedom'''....''downtown''   ('''ze''' = ''middle'' + '''dom''' = ''city'')
::* '''yizdom'''....''suburbs''   ('''yiz''' = ''beyond'' + '''dom''' = ''city'')
::* '''yex'''....''work''
::* '''tam'''....''house''
::* '''jeb'''....''season''
::* '''tolnam'''....''grocery store''   ('''tol''' = ''foodstuffs'' + '''nam''' = ''store'')
::* '''uj'''....''end''   (vs. '''ij''' = ''beginning'')
: Adjectives:
::* '''baka'''....''healthy, well''   (vs. '''boka'''....''ill'')
::* '''jesta'''....''diligent''
: Verbs:
::* '''xer'''....''to do''
::* '''tambeser'''....''to live, reside''   ('''tam''' = ''house'' + '''beser''' = ''to stay'')
::* '''yexer'''....''to work''
::* '''uper'''....''to come''
::* '''hoyder'''....''to say goodbye''   ('''hoy''' = ''bye'' + '''der''' = ''to say'')
: Adverbs:
::* '''jestay'''....''diligently, earnestly''
::* '''yub'''....''near, nearby''   ('''yubay'''....''almost'')
::* '''yib'''....''far, far away''   ('''yibay'''....''remotely'')
::* '''gla'''....''very''   (vs. '''glo'''....''not very'')
: Pronouns:
::* '''hyas'''....''everything''  (vs. '''hyos'''....''nothing''; see [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners|Determiners]]).
: Prepositions:
::* '''bi'''....''of, from''   (vs. '''bu'''....''to'')
::* '''ja'''....''before''   ('''je'''....''during'', '''jo'''....''after'')
:::* '''ja his'''....''before this''
::* '''ju'''....''until''   (vs. '''ji'''....''since'')
::* '''av'''....''for''   (vs. '''ov'''....'against'')
:::* '''av hus'''....''for that (reason), so''
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Lesson 2|Lesson 4}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5r8hr2lzqu6jp5vpf52srm0gtcwcerk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transwiki:Code page</title>
    <ns>108</ns>
    <id>418079</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088414</id>
      <parentid>3713644</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T02:50:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alexlatham96</username>
        <id>377450</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="89567" xml:space="preserve">{{Dewikify}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020|cs1-dates=y}}
In [[computing]], a '''code page''' is a [[character encoding]] and as such it is a specific association of a set of printable [[character (computing)|character]]s and [[control character]]s with unique numbers. Typically each number represents the binary value in a single byte. (In some contexts these terms are used more precisely.)

The term &quot;code page&quot; originated from [[IBM]]'s [[EBCDIC]]-based mainframe systems,&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_i_EBCDIC&quot;/&gt; but [[Microsoft]], [[SAP AG|SAP]],&lt;ref name=&quot;SAP_CP&quot;/&gt; and [[Oracle Corporation]]&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;/&gt; are among the few vendors which use this term. The majority of vendors identify their own character sets by a name. In the case when there is a plethora of character sets (like in IBM), identifying character sets through a number is a convenient way to distinguish them. Originally, the code page numbers referred to the [[page number|''page'' number]]s in the IBM standard character set manual,&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_VT510&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_1994_Codepage&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt; a condition which has not held for a long time. Vendors that use a code page system allocate their own code page number to a character encoding, even if it is better known by another name; for example, [[UTF-8]] has been assigned page numbers 1208 at IBM, 65001 at Microsoft, and 4110 at SAP.

[[Hewlett-Packard]] uses a similar concept in its [[HP-UX]] operating system and its [[Printer Command Language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL&quot;/&gt; (PCL) protocol for printers (either for HP printers or not). The terminology, however, is different: What others call a ''character set'', HP calls a ''symbol set'', and what IBM or Microsoft call a ''code page'', HP calls a ''symbol set code''. HP developed a series of symbol sets,&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL-Symbol&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL5&quot;/&gt; each with an associated symbol set code, to encode both its own character sets and other vendors’ character sets.

The multitude of character sets leads many vendors to recommend [[Unicode]].

== The code page numbering system ==
IBM introduced the concept of systematically assigning a small, but globally unique, 16 bit number to each character encoding that a computer system or collection of computer systems might encounter. The IBM origin of the numbering scheme is reflected in the fact that the smallest (first) numbers are assigned to variations of IBM's EBCDIC encoding and slightly larger numbers refer to variations of IBM's [[extended ASCII]] encoding as used in its PC hardware.

With the release of [[PC DOS]] version 3.3 (and the near identical [[MS-DOS]] 3.3) IBM introduced the code page numbering system to regular PC users, as the code page numbers (and the phrase &quot;code page&quot;) were used in new commands to allow the character encoding used by all parts of the OS to be set in a systematic way.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia&quot;/&gt;

After IBM and Microsoft ceased to cooperate in the 1990s, the two companies have maintained the list of assigned code page numbers independently from each other, resulting in some conflicting assignments. At least one third-party vendor ([[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]]) also has its own different list of numeric assignments.&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;/&gt; IBM's current assignments are listed in their [[CCSID]] repository, while Microsoft's assignments are documented within the [[MSDN]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepage-ID&quot;/&gt; Additionally, a list of the names and approximate IANA ([[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]]) abbreviations for the installed code pages on any given Windows machine can be found in the Registry on that machine (this information is used by Microsoft programs such as [[Internet Explorer]]).

Most well-known code pages, excluding those for the [[CJK]] languages and [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]],&lt;!-- not using CJKV here because this applies to the modern romanised Vietnamese --&gt; fit all their code-points into eight bits and do not involve anything more than mapping each code-point to a single character; furthermore, techniques such as combining characters, complex scripts, etc., are not involved.

The text mode of standard ([[VGA-compatible text mode|VGA-compatible]]) PC graphics hardware is built around using an 8-bit code page, though it is possible to use two at once with some color depth sacrifice, and up to eight may be stored in the display adaptor for easy switching.&lt;ref name=&quot;VGA-Programming&quot;/&gt; There was a selection of third-party code page fonts that could be loaded into such hardware. However, it is now commonplace for operating system vendors to provide their own character encoding and rendering systems that run in a graphics mode and bypass this hardware limitation entirely.  However the system of referring to character encodings by a code page number remains applicable, as an efficient alternative to string identifiers such as those specified by the IETF and IANA for use in various protocols such as e-mail and web pages.

=== Relationship to ASCII ===
The majority of code pages in current use are supersets of [[ASCII]], a 7-bit code representing 128 control codes and printable characters. In the distant past, 8-bit implementations of the ASCII code set the top bit to zero or used it as a [[parity bit]] in network data transmissions. When the top bit was made available for representing character data, a total of 256 characters and control codes could be represented. Most vendors (including IBM) used this extended range to encode characters used by various languages and graphical elements that allowed the imitation of primitive graphics on text-only output devices. No formal standard existed for these &quot;extended ASCII character sets&quot; and vendors referred to the variants as code pages, as IBM had always done for variants of EBCDIC encodings.

=== Relationship to Unicode ===
Unicode is an effort to include all characters from all currently and historically used human languages into single character enumeration (effectively one large single code page), removing the need to distinguish between different code pages when handling digitally stored text. Unicode tries to retain backwards compatibility with many legacy code pages, copying some code pages 1:1 in the design process. An explicit design goal of Unicode was to allow round-trip conversion between all common legacy code pages, although this goal has not always been achieved.
Some vendors, namely IBM and Microsoft, have anachronistically assigned code page numbers to Unicode encodings. This convention allows code page numbers to be used as metadata to identify the correct decoding algorithm when encountering binary stored data.

==IBM code pages==
=== EBCDIC-based code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its EBCDIC character sets for [[IBM mainframe|mainframe computers]].
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* 1 – USA WP, Original
* 2 – USA
* 3 – USA Accounting, Version A
* 4 – USA
* 5 – USA
* 6 – Latin America
* 7 – Germany F.R. / Austria
* 8 – Germany F.R.
* 9 – France, Belgium
* 10 – Canada (English)
* 11 – Canada (French)
* 12 – Italy
* 13 – Netherlands
* 14 –
* 15 – Switzerland (French)
* 16 – Switzerland (French / German)
* 17 – Switzerland (German)
* 18 – Sweden / Finland
* 19 – Sweden / Finland WP, version 2
* 20 – Denmark/Norway
* 21 – Brazil
* 22 – Portugal
* 23 – United Kingdom
* 24 – United Kingdom
* 25 – Japan (Latin)
* 26 – Japan (Latin)
* 27 – Greece (Latin)
* 28 –&lt;!-- Greece (Latin)??? --&gt;
* 29 – Iceland
* 30 – Turkey
* 31 – South Africa
* 32 – Czechoslovakia (Czech / Slovak)
* 33 – Czechoslovakia
* 34 – Czechoslovakia
* 35 – Romania
* 36 – Romania
* 37 – USA/Canada - CECP (same with euro: 1140|1140)
* 37-2 – The real 3279 APL codepage, as used by C/370. This is very close to 1047, except for caret and not-sign inverted. It is not officially recognized by IBM, even though SHARE has pointed out its existence.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 38 – USA ASCII
* 39 – United Kingdom / Israel
* 40 – United Kingdom
* 251 – China
* 252 – Poland
* 254 – Hungary
* 256 – International #1 (superseded by 500|500)
* 257 – International #2
* 258 – International #3
* 259 – Symbols, Set 7
* 260 – Canadian French - 116
* 264 – Print Train &amp; Text processing extended
* 273 – Germany F.R./Austria - CECP (same with euro: 1141|1141)
* 274 – Old Belgium Code Page
* 275 – Brazil - CECP
* 276 – Canada (French) - 94
* 277 – Denmark, Norway - CECP (same with euro: 1142|1142)
* 278 – Finland, Sweden - CECP (same with euro: 1143|1143)
* 279 – French - 94&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 280 – Italy - CECP (same with euro: 1144|1144)
* 281 – Japan (Latin) - CECP
* 282 – Portugal - CECP
* 283 – Spain - 190&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 284 – Spain/Latin America - CECP (same with euro: 1145|1145)
* 285 – United Kingdom - CECP (same with euro: 1146|1146)
* 286 – Austria / Germany F.R. Alternate
* 287 – Denmark / Norway Alternate
* 288 – Finland / Sweden Alternate
* 289 – Spain Alternate
* 290 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended
* [[Code page 293|293]] – APL
* 297 – France (same with euro: 1147)&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 298 – Japan (Katakana)
* 300 – Japan (Kanji) DBCS (For JIS X 0213)
* [[Code page 310|310]] – Graphic Escape APL/TN
* 320 – Hungary
* 321 – Yugoslavia
* 322 – Turkey
* 330 – International #4
* [[Code page 351|351]] – GDDM default
* 352 – Printing and publishing option
* [[Code page 353|353]] – BCDIC-A
* [[Code page 355|355]] – PTTC/BCD standard option
* [[Code page 357|357]] – PTTC/BCD H option
* [[Code page 358|358]] – PTTC/BCD Correspondence option
* [[Code page 359|359]] – PTTC/BCD Monocase option
* [[Code page 360|360]] – PTTC/BCD Duocase option
* 361 – EBCDIC Publishing International
* 363 – Symbols, set 8
* 382 – EBCDIC Publishing Austria, Germany F.R. Alternate
* 383 – EBCDIC Publishing Belgium
* 384 – EBCDIC Publishing Brazil
* 385 – EBCDIC Publishing Canada (French)
* 386 – EBCDIC Publishing Denmark, Norway
* 387 – EBCDIC Publishing Finland, Sweden
* 388 – EBCDIC Publishing France
* 389 – EBCDIC Publishing Italy
* 390 – EBCDIC Publishing Japan (Latin)
* 391 – EBCDIC Publishing Portugal
* 392 – EBCDIC Publishing Spain, Philippines
* 393 – EBCDIC Publishing Latin America (Spanish Speaking)
* 394 – EBCDIC Publishing China (Hong Kong), UK, Ireland
* 395 – EBCDIC Publishing Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada (English)
* 410 – Cyrillic (revisions: 880, 1025, 1154)
* 420 – Arabic
* 421 – Maghreb/French
* 423 – Greek (superseded by 875)
* 424 – Hebrew (Bulletin Code)
* 425 – Arabic / Latin for OS/390 Open Edition
* 435 – Teletext Isomorphic
* 500 – International #5 (ECECP; supersedes 256) (same with euro: 1148)
* 803 – Hebrew Character Set A (Old Code)
* 829 – Host Math Symbols- Publishing
* 833 – Korean Extended (SBCS)
* 834 – Korean Hangul (KSC5601; DBCS with UDCs)
* 835 – Traditional Chinese DBCS
* 836 – Simplified Chinese Extended
* 837 – Simplified Chinese DBCS
* 838 – Thai with Low Marks &amp; Accented Characters (same with euro: 1160)
* 839 – Thai DBCS
* 870 – Latin 2 (same with euro: 1153) (revision: 1110)
* 871 – Iceland (same with euro: 1149)&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 875 – Greek (supersedes 423)
* 880 – Cyrillic (revision of 410) (revisions: 1025, 1154)
* 881 – United States - 5080 Graphics System
* 882 – United Kingdom - 5080 Graphics System
* 883 – Sweden - 5080 Graphics System
* 884 – Germany - 5080 Graphics System
* 885 – France - 5080 Graphics System
* 886 – Italy - 5080 Graphics System
* 887 – Japan - 5080 Graphics System
* 888 – France AZERTY - 5080 Graphics System
* 889 – Thailand
* 890 – Yugoslavia
* 892 – EBCDIC, OCR A
* 893 – EBCDIC, OCR B
* 905 – Latin 3
* 918 – Urdu Bilingual
* 924 – Latin 9
* 930 – Japan MIX (290 + 300) (same with euro: 1390)
* 931 – Japan MIX (37 + 300)
* 933 – Korea MIX (833 + 834) (same with euro: 1364)
* 935 – Simplified Chinese MIX (836 + 837) (same with euro: 1388)
* 937 – Traditional Chinese MIX (37 + 835) (same with euro: 1371)
* 939 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300) (same with euro: 1399)
* 1001 – MICR
* 1002 – EBCDIC DCF Release 2 Compatibility
* 1003 – EBCDIC DCF, US Text subset
* 1005 – EBCDIC Isomorphic Text Communication
* 1007 – EBCDIC Arabic (XCOM2)
* 1024 – EBCDIC T.61
* 1025 – Cyrillic, Multilingual (same with euro: 1154) (Revision of 880)
* 1026 – EBCDIC Turkey (Latin 5) (same with euro: 1155) (supersedes 905 in that country)
* 1027 – Japanese (Latin) Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended)
* 1028 – EBCDIC Publishing Hebrew
* 1030 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended
* 1031 – Japanese (Latin) Extended
* 1032 – MICR, E13-B Combined
* 1033 – MICR, CMC-7 Combined
* 1037 – Korea - 5080/6090 Graphics System
* 1039 – GML Compatibility
* 1047 – Latin 1/Open Systems&lt;!-- C/370 variant of codepage 37, which takes into account the encoding of brackets that was inherited from the 3270 display system --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 1068 – DCF Compatibility
* 1069 – Latin 4
* 1070 – USA / Canada Version 0 ([[Code page 37 Version 0)
* 1071 – Germany F.R. / Austria
* 1073 – Brazil
* 1074 – Denmark, Norway
* 1075 – Finland, Sweden
* 1076 – Italy
* 1077 – Japan (Latin)
* 1078 – Portugal
* 1079 – Spain / Latin America Version 0 ([[Code page 284 Version 0)
* 1080 – United Kingdom
* 1081 – France Version 0 ([[Code page 297 Version 0)
* 1082 – Israel (Hebrew)
* 1083 – Israel (Hebrew)
* 1084 – International #5 Version 0 ([[Code page 500 Version 0)
* 1085 – Iceland
* 1087 – Symbol Set
* 1091 – Modified Symbols, Set 7
* {{anchor|CP1093}} 1093 – IBM Logo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Code Page CPGID 01093 (pdf)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708031831/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-08|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1097 – Farsi Bilingual
* 1110 – Latin 2 (Revision of 870)
* 1112 – Baltic Multilingual (same with euro: 1156)
* 1113 – Latin 6
* 1122 – Estonia (same with euro: 1157)
* 1123 – Cyrillic, Ukraine (same with euro: 1158)
* 1130 – Vietnamese (same with euro: 1164)
* 1132 – Lao EBCDIC
* 1136 – Hitachi Katakana
* 1137 – Devanagari EBCDIC
* 1140 – USA, Canada, etc. ECECP (same without euro: 37) (Traditional Chinese version: 1159)
* 1141 – Austria, Germany ECECP (same without euro: 273)
* 1142 – Denmark, Norway ECECP (same without euro: 277)
* 1143 – Finland, Sweden ECECP (same without euro: 278)
* 1144 – Italy ECECP (same without euro: 280)
* 1145 – Spain, Latin America (Spanish) ECECP (same without euro: 284)
* 1146 – UK ECECP (same without euro: 285)
* 1147 – France ECECP with euro (same without euro: 297)
* 1148 – International ECECP with euro (same without euro: 500)
* 1149 – Icelandic ECECP with euro (same without euro: 871)
* 1150 – Korean Extended with box characters
* 1151 – Simplified Chinese Extended with box characters
* 1152 – Traditional Chinese Extended with box characters
* 1153 – Latin 2 Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 870)
* 1154 – Cyrillic, Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 1025; an older version is * 1166)
* 1155 – Turkey with euro (same without euro: 1026)
* 1156 – Baltic Multi with euro (same without euro: 1112)
* 1157 – Estonia with euro (same without euro: 1122)
* 1158 – Cyrillic, Ukraine with euro (same without euro: 1123)
* 1159 – T-Chinese EBCDIC (Traditional Chinese euro update of * 1140)
* 1160 – Thai with Low Marks &amp; Accented Characters with euro (same without euro: 838)
* 1164 – Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: 1130)
* 1165 – Latin 2/Open Systems
* 1166 – Cyrillic Kazakh
* 1278 – EBCDIC Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding
* 1279 – Hitachi Japanese Katakana Host&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt;
* 1303 – EBCDIC Bar Code 
* 1364 – Korea MIX (833 + 834 + euro) (same without euro: 933)
* 1371 – Traditional Chinese MIX (1159 + 835) (same without euro: 937)
* 1376 – Traditional Chinese DBCS Host extension for HKSCS
* 1377 – Mixed Host HKSCS Growing (37 + 1376)
* 1388 – Simplified Chinese MIX (same without euro: 935) (836 + 837 + euro)
* 1390 – Simplified Chinese MIX Japan MIX (same without euro: 930) (290 + 300 + euro)
* 1399 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300 + euro) (same without euro: 939)
{{div col end}}

=== DOS code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[PC DOS]] operating system. These code pages were originally embedded directly in the [[text mode]] hardware of the graphic adapters used with the [[IBM PC]] and its clones, including the original MDA and CGA adapters whose character sets could only be changed by physically replacing a ROM chip that contained the font.  The interface of those adapters (emulated by all later adapters such as VGA) was typically limited to single byte character sets with only 256 characters in each font/encoding (although VGA added partial support for slightly larger character sets).

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 301|301]] – IBM-PC Japan (Kanji) DBCS
* [[Code page 437|437]] – Original IBM PC hardware code page
* [[Code page 720|720]] – Arabic (Transparent ASMO)
* [[Code page 737|737]] – [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Code page 775|775]] – Latin-7
* [[Code page 808|808]] – Russian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 866|866]])
* [[Code page 848|848]] – Ukrainian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1125|1125]])
* [[Code page 849|849]] – Belorussian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1131|1131]])
* [[Code page 850|850]] – Latin-1
* [[Code page 851|851]] – Greek
* [[Code page 852|852]] – Latin-2
* [[Code page 853|853]] – Latin-3
* [[Code page 855|855]] – [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] (same with euro: [[Code page 872|872]])
* [[Code page 856|856]] – [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 857|857]] – Latin-5
* [[Code page 858|858]] – Latin-1 with [[euro]] symbol
* [[Code page 859|859]] – Latin-9
* [[Code page 860|860]] – [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* [[Code page 861|861]] – [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 862|862]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 863|863]] – [[French language|Canadian French]]
* [[Code page 864|864]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 865|865]] – [[Danish language|Danish]]/[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
* [[Code page 866|866]] – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian (same with euro: [[Code page 808|808]])
* [[Code page 867|867]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] + euro (based on CP862) (conflictive ID: NEC [[Kamenický encoding|Czech (Kamenický)]], which was created before this codepage)
* [[Code page 868|868]] – [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
* [[Code page 869|869]] – [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 872|872]] – Cyrillic with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 855|855]])
* [[Code page 874|874]] – Thai with Low Tone Marks &amp; Ancient Chars (conflictive ID with Windows 874; version with euro: [[Code page 1161|1161]] Windows version: is IBM [[Code page 1162|1162]])&lt;!-- Attention! Neither IBM 874 nor Windows 874 are rigorously the same as ISO 8859-11 / TIS 620-2533 ISO 8859-11 is probably IBM 873--&gt;
* [[Code page 876|876]] – OCR A
* [[Code page 877|877]] – OCR B
* [[Code page 878|878]] – [[KOI8-R]]
* [[Code page 891|891]] – Korean PC SBCS
* [[Code page 898|898]] – IBM-PC WP Multilingual
* [[Code page 899|899]] – IBM-PC Symbol
* [[Code page 903|903]] – Simplified Chinese PC SBCS
* [[Code page 904|904]] – Traditional Chinese PC SBCS
* [[Code page 906|906]] – International Set #5 3812/3820
* [[Code page 907|907]] – ASCII APL (3812)
* [[Code page 909|909]] – IBM-PC APL2 Extended
* [[Code page 910|910]] – IBM-PC APL2
* [[Code page 911|911]] – IBM-PC Japan #1
* [[Code page 926|926]] – Korean PC DBCS
* [[Code page 927|927]] – Traditional Chinese PC DBCS
* [[Code page 928|928]] – Simplified Chinese PC DBCS
* [[Code page 929|929]] – Thai PC DBCS
* [[Code page 932 (IBM)|932]] – IBM-PC Japan MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 301|301]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 932; Windows version is IBM 943)
* [[Code page 934|934]] – IBM-PC Korea MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 891|891]] + [[Code page 926|926]])
* [[Code page 936 (IBM)|936]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX (gb2312) (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 903|903]] + [[Code page 928|928]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 936; Windows version is IBM 1386)
* [[Code page 938|938]] – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese MIX (DOS/V, OS/2) ([[Code page 904|904]] + [[Code page 927|927]]) 
* [[Code page 942|942]] – IBM-PC Japan MIX (Japanese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1041|1041]] + [[Code page 301|301]])
* [[Code page 943|943]] – IBM-PC Japan OPEN ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 941|941]]) (Windows CP 932)
* [[Code page 944|944]] – IBM-PC Korea MIX (Korean SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1040|1040]] + [[Code page 926|926]])
* [[Code page 946|946]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese (Simplified Chinese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1042|1042]] + [[Code page 928|928]])
* [[Code page 948|948]] – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1043|1043]] + [[Code page 927|927]])
* [[Code page 949 (IBM)|949]] – Korean (Extended Wansung (ks_c_5601-1987)) ([[Code page 1088|1088]] + [[Code page 951|951]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 949 (Unified Hangul Code); Windows version is IBM 1363)
* [[Code page 951|951]] – Korean DBCS (IBM KS Code) (conflictive ID with Windows 951, a hack of Windows 950 with Unicode mappings for some PUA Unicode characters found in HKSCS, based on the file name)
* [[Code page 1034|1034]] – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #2
* [[Code page 1040|1040]] – Korean Extended 
* [[Code page 1041|1041]] – Japanese Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended)
* [[Code page 1042|1042]] – Simplified Chinese Extended 
* [[Code page 1043|1043]] – Traditional Chinese Extended
* [[Code page 1044|1044]] – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #1
* [[Code page 1046|1046]] – Arabic Extended (Euro)
* [[Code page 1086|1086]] – IBM-PC Japan #1
* [[Code page 1088|1088]] – Revised Korean (SBCS)
* [[Code page 1092|1092]] – IBM-PC Modified Symbols
* [[Code page 1098|1098]] – [[Persian language|Farsi]]
* [[Code page 1108|1108]] – DITROFF Base Compatibility
* [[Code page 1109|1109]] – DITROFF Specials Compatibility
* [[Code page 1115|1115]] – IBM-PC People's Republic of China
* [[Code page 1116|1116]] – Estonian
* [[Code page 1117|1117]] – Latvian
* [[Code page 1118|1118]] – Lithuanian (IBM's implementation of Lika's [[code page 774]])
* [[Code page 1119|1119]] – Lithuanian and Russian (IBM's implementation of Lika's [[code page 772]])
* [[Code page 1125|1125]] – Cyrillic, Ukrainian (same with euro: [[Code page 848|848]]) (IBM modifocation of [[RUSCII character set|RUSCII]])
* [[Code page 1127|1127]] – IBM-PC Arabic / French
* [[Code page 1131|1131]] – IBM-PC Data, Cyrillic, Belarusian (same with euro: [[Code page 849|849]])
* [[Code page 1139|1139]] – Japan Alphanumeric Katakana
* [[Code page 1161|1161]] – Thai with Low Tone Marks &amp; Ancient Chars with euro  (same without euro: [[Code page 874|874]])
* [[Code page 1167|1167]] – [[KOI8-RU]]
* [[Code page 1168|1168]] – [[KOI8-U]]
* [[Code page 1300|1300]] – ANSI [PTS-DOS 6.70, not 6.51]
* [[Code page 1370|1370]] – Traditional Chinese MIX ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]]) ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 947|947]] + euro) (same without euro: [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1380|1380]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GB PC-DATA (DBCS PC IBM GB 2312-80)
* [[Code page 1381|1381]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese ([[Code page 1115|1115]] + [[Code page 1380|1380]])
* [[Code page 1393|1393]] – Japanese JIS X 0213 DBCS
* [[Code page 1394|1394]] – IBM-PC Japan (JIS X 0213) ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 1393|1393]])
{{div col end}}

When dealing with older hardware, protocols and file formats, it is often necessary to support these code pages, but newer encoding systems, in particular Unicode, are encouraged for new designs.

DOS code pages are typically stored in .CPI files.&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elliott_2006_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AEB_2001_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Haralambous_2007_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_1991_PR&quot;/&gt;

=== IBM AIX code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[AIX]] operating system. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO, such as UNIX-like operating systems.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 367|367]] – 7-bit US-ASCII
* [[Code page 371|371]] – 7-bit US-ASCII APL
* [[Code page 806|806]] – ISCII
* [[Code page 813|813]] – [[ISO 8859-7]]
* [[Code page 819|819]] – [[ISO 8859-1]]
* [[Code page 895|895]] – 7-bit Japan Latin
* [[Code page 896|896]] – 7-bit Japan Katakana Extended
* [[Code page 901|901]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-13]] with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 921|921]])
* [[Code page 902|902]] – ISO Estonian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 922|922]])
* [[Code page 912|912]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-2]]
* [[Code page 913|913]] – [[ISO 8859-3]]
* [[Code page 914|914]] – [[ISO 8859-4]]
* [[Code page 915|915]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-5]]
* [[Code page 916|916]] – [[ISO 8859-8]]
* [[Code page 919|919]] – [[ISO 8859-10]]
* [[Code page 920|920]] – [[ISO 8859-9]]
* [[Code page 921|921]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-13]] (same with euro: [[Code page 901|901]])
* [[Code page 922|922]] – ISO Estonian (same with euro: [[Code page 902|902]])
* [[Code page 923|923]] – [[ISO 8859-15]]
* [[Code page 952|952]] – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0208
* [[Code page 953|953]] – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0212
* [[Code page 954|954]] – EUC Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 955|955]] – TCP Japanese, JIS X 0208-1978
* [[Code page 956|956]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 957|957]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 955|955]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 958|958]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 959|959]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 955|955]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 960|960]] – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Primary Set (1st plane)
* [[Code page 961|961]] – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Full Set + IBM Select + UDC
* [[Code page 963|963]] – Traditional Chinese TCP, CNS 11643 plane 2 only
* [[Code page 964|964]] – EUC Traditional Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 960|960]] + [[Code page 961|961]])
* [[Code page 965|965]] – TCP Traditional Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 960|960]] + [[Code page 963|963]])
* [[Code page 970|970]] – EUC Korean ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 971|971]])
* [[Code page 971|971]] – EUC Korean DBCS (G1, KSC 5601 1989 (including 188 UDC))
* [[Code page 1006|1006]] – ISO 8-bit Urdu
* [[Code page 1008|1008]] – ISO 8-bit Arabic 
* [[Code page 1009|1009]] – 7-bit ISO IRV
* [[Code page 1010|1010]] – 7-bit France
* [[Code page 1011|1011]] – 7-bit Germany F.R.
* [[Code page 1012|1012]] – 7-bit Italy
* [[Code page 1013|1013]] – 7-bit United Kingdom
* [[Code page 1014|1014]] – 7-bit Spain
* [[Code page 1015|1015]] – 7-bit Portugal
* [[Code page 1016|1016]] – 7-bit Norway
* [[Code page 1017|1017]] – 7-bit Denmark
* [[Code page 1018|1018]] – 7-bit Finland/Sweden
* [[Code page 1019|1019]] – 7-bit Netherlands
* [[Code page 1029|1029]] – Arabic Extended
* [[Code page 1036|1036]] – CCITT T.61
* [[Code page 1089|1089]] – [[ISO 8859-6]]
* [[Code page 1111|1111]] – [[ISO 8859-2]]
* [[Code page 1124|1124]] – ISO Ukrainian, similar to [[ISO 8859-5]]
* [[Code page 1129|1129]] – ISO Vietnamese (same with euro: [[Code page 1163|1163]])
* [[Code page 1133|1133]] – ISO Lao
* [[Code page 1163|1163]] – ISO Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1129|1129]])
* [[Code page 1350|1350]] – EUC Japanese (JISeucJP) ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 1382|1382]] – EUC Simplified Chinese (DBCS PC GB 2312-80)
* [[Code page 1383|1383]] – EUC Simplified Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 1382|1382]])
{{div col end}}

Code page 819 is identical to Latin-1, [[ISO/IEC 8859-1]], and with slightly-modified commands, permits MS-DOS machines to use that encoding. It was used with IBM AS/400 minicomputers.

=== IBM OS/2 code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[DOS#DOS under OS.2F2 and Windows|OS/2]] operating system.
* [[Code page 1004|1004]] – Latin-1 Extended, Desk Top Publishing/Windows&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_CP1004&quot;/&gt;

=== Windows emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Microsoft Windows]] character sets. Most of these code pages have the same number as Microsoft code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. Some code pages, though, are new from IBM, not devised by Microsoft.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 897|897]] – IBM-PC SBCS Japanese (JIS X 0201-1976)
* [[Code page 941|941]] – IBM-PC Japanese DBCS for Open environment
* [[Code page 947|947]] – IBM-PC DBCS for ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]])
* [[Code page 950|950]] – Traditional Chinese MIX ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]]) ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 947|947]]) (same with euro: [[Code page 1370|1370]])
* [[Code page 1114|1114]] – IBM-PC SBCS (Simplified Chinese; [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]]; Traditional Chinese; [[Big5|Big5 encoding]])
* [[Code page 1126|1126]] – IBM-PC Korean SBCS
* [[Code page 1162|1162]] – Windows Thai (Extension of [[Code page 874|874]]; but still called that in Windows)
* [[Code page 1169|1169]] – Windows Cyrillic Asian
* [[Code page 1174|1174]] – Windows Kazakh&lt;ref name=&quot;Kazakh_1174&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --&gt;
* [[Code page 1250|1250]] – Windows [[Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 1251|1251]] – Windows [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 1252|1252]] – Windows [[Western Europe|Western]]
* [[Code page 1253|1253]] – Windows [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 1254|1254]] – Windows [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 1255|1255]] – Windows [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 1256|1256]] – Windows [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 1257|1257]] – Windows [[Baltic languages|Baltic]]
* [[Code page 1258|1258]] – Windows [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]]
* [[Code page 1361|1361]] – Korean ([[JOHAB]])
* [[Code page 1362|1362]] – Korean Hangul DBCS
* [[Code page 1363|1363]] – Windows Korean ([[Code page 1126|1126]] + [[Code page 1362|1362]]) (Windows CP 949)
* [[Code page 1372|1372]] – IBM-PC MS T Chinese [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] (Special for DB2)
* [[Code page 1373|1373]] – Windows Traditional Chinese (extension of [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1374|1374]] – IBM-PC DB [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] extension for HKSCS
* [[Code page 1375|1375]] – Mixed [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] extension for HKSCS (intended to match [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1385|1385]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese DBCS (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.)
* [[Code page 1386|1386]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GBK ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 1385|1385]]) (Windows CP 936)
* [[Code page 1391|1391]] – Simplified Chinese 4 Byte (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.)
* [[Code page 1392|1392]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX ([[Code page 1252|1252]] + [[Code page 1385|1385]] + [[Code page 1391|1391]])
{{div col end}}

=== Macintosh emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the Apple [[Macintosh]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1275|1275]] – Apple Roman
* [[Code page 1280|1280]] – Apple Greek
* [[Code page 1281|1281]] – Apple Turkish
* [[Code page 1282|1282]] – Apple Central European
* [[Code page 1283|1283]] – Apple Cyrillic
* [[Code page 1284|1284]] – Apple Croatian
* [[Code page 1285|1285]] – Apple Romanian
* [[Code page 1286|1286]] – Apple Icelandic
{{div col end}}

=== Adobe emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1038|1038]] – Adobe Symbol Encoding
* [[Code page 1276|1276]] – Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding
* [[Code page 1277|1277]] – Adobe (PostScript) Latin 1
{{div col end}}

=== HP emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1050|1050]] – HP Roman Extension
* [[Code page 1051|1051]] – HP Roman-8
* [[Code page 1052|1052]] – HP Gothic Legal
* [[Code page 1053|1053]] – HP Gothic-1 (almost the same as [[ISO 8859-1]])
* [[Code page 1054|1054]] – HP ASCII
* [[Code page 1055|1055]] – HP PC-Line
* [[Code page 1056|1056]] – HP Line Draw
* [[Code page 1057|1057]] – HP PC-8 (almost the same as [[code page 437]])
* [[Code page 1058|1058]] – HP PC-8DN ('''not''' the same as [[code page 865]])
* [[Code page 1351|1351]] – Japanese DBCS HP character set
* [[Code page 5039|5039]] – Japanese MIX ([[Code page 1041|1041]] + [[Code page 1351|1351]])
{{div col end}}

=== DEC emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1020|1020]] – 7-bit Canadian (French) NRC Set
* [[Code page 1021|1021]] – 7-bit Switzerland NRC Set
* [[Code page 1023|1023]] – 7-bit Spanish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1090|1090]] – Special Characters and Line Drawing Set
* [[Multinational Character Set|1100]] – DEC Multinational
* [[Code page 1101|1101]] – 7-bit British NRC Set
* [[Code page 1102|1102]] – 7-bit Dutch NRC Set
* [[Code page 1103|1103]] – 7-bit Finnish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1104|1104]] – 7-bit French NRC Set
* [[Code page 1105|1105]] – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1106|1106]] – 7-bit Swedish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1107|1107]] – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Alternate
* [[Code Page 1287|1287]] – DEC Greek
* [[Code Page 1288|1288]] – DEC Turkish
{{div col end}}

=== IBM Unicode code pages ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1200|1200]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]]) with IBM [[Private Use Area]] (PUA)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|title=IBM Coded Character Set Identifier (CCSID)|website=IBM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126030417/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|archive-date=2009-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Code page 1201|1201]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1202|1202]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]]) with IBM PUA&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1203|1203]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1208|1208]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode with IBM PUA&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1209|1209]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1400|1400]] – ISO 10646 UCS-BMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1401|1401]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1402|1402]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SIP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1414|1414]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SSP (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1445|1445]] – IBM AFP PUA No. 1
* [[Code page 1446|1446]] – ISO 10646 [[UCS-PUP15]] (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1447|1447]] – ISO 10646 [[UCS-PUP16]] (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1448|1448]] – UCS-BMP (Generic UDC)
* [[Code page 1449|1449]] – IBM default PUA
{{div col end}}

== Microsoft code pages ==
{{main|Windows code page}}

=== Windows code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft in its own Windows operating system. Microsoft defined [[windows code pages|a number of code pages]] known as the ANSI code pages (as the first one, 1252 was based on an [[apocrypha]]l ANSI draft of what became [[ISO 8859-1]]). Code page 1252 is built on ISO 8859-1 but uses the range 0x80-0x9F for extra printable characters rather than the C1 control codes used in ISO-8859-1. Some of the others are based in part on other parts of [[ISO 8859]] but often rearranged to make them closer to 1252.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1162|874]] – Windows [[Thai script|Thai]]
* [[Code page 1250|1250]] – Windows [[Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 1251|1251]] – Windows [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 1252|1252]] – Windows [[Western Europe|Western]]
* [[Code page 1253|1253]] – Windows [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 1254|1254]] – Windows [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 1255|1255]] – Windows [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 1256|1256]] – Windows [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 1257|1257]] – Windows [[Baltic languages|Baltic]]
* [[Code page 1258|1258]] – Windows [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]]
{{div col end}}

Microsoft recommends new applications use UTF-8 or UCS-2/UTF-16 instead of these code pages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepages&quot;/&gt;

=== DBCS code pages ===
These code pages represent [[DBCS]] character encodings for various CJK languages. In Microsoft operating systems, these are used as both the &quot;OEM&quot; and &quot;Windows&quot; code page for the applicable locale.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)|932]] – Supports [[Japanese writing system|Japanese]] [[Shift-JIS]]
* [[Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)|936]] – Supports [[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]] [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]]
* [[Unified Hangul Code|949]] – Supports [[Hangul|Korean]] Unified Hangul Code
* [[Code page 950|950]] – Supports [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]] [[Big5]]
{{div col end}}

=== MS-DOS code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft in its MS-DOS operating system. Microsoft refers to these as the OEM code pages because they were defined by the [[original equipment manufacturer]]s who licensed MS-DOS for distribution with their hardware, not by Microsoft or a standards organization. Most of these code pages have the same number as the equivalent IBM code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. There are minimum differences&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM&quot;/&gt; in some code pages from IBM and Microsoft.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 708|708]] – Arabic (ASMO 708)
* [[Code page 709|709]] – Arabic ([[Code page ASMO449+|ASMO 449+]]/BCON V4)&lt;!-- not sure if available in any DOS --&gt;
* [[Code page 710|710]] – Arabic (Transparent Arabic)&lt;!-- not sure if available in any DOS --&gt;
* [[Code page 720|720]] – Arabic (Transparent ASMO)
* [[Code page 737|737]] – [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Code page 850|850]] – Latin-1
* [[Code page 851|851]] – Greek
* [[Code page 852|852]] – Latin-2
* [[Code page 855|855]] – [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 857|857]] – Latin-5
* [[Code page 858|858]] – Latin-1 with [[euro]] symbol
* [[Code page 859|859]] – Latin-9
* [[Code page 860|860]] – [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* [[Code page 861|861]] – [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 862|862]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 863|863]] – [[French language|Canadian French]]
* [[Code page 864|864]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 865|865]] – [[Danish language|Danish]]/[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
* [[Code page 866|866]] – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian
* [[Code page 869|869]] – [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
{{div col end}}

=== Macintosh emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft when emulating the Apple [[Macintosh]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 10000|10000]] - Apple [[Mac-Roman encoding|Macintosh Roman]]
* [[Code page 10001|10001]] - Apple Japanese
* [[Code page 10002|10002]] - Apple Traditional Chinese (Big5)
* [[Code page 10003|10003]] - Apple Korean
* [[Code page 10004|10004]] - Apple [[MacArabic encoding|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 10005|10005]] - Apple Hebrew
* [[Code page 10006|10006]] - Apple [[MacGreek encoding|Greek]]
* [[Code page 10007|10007]] - Apple [[MacCyrillic encoding|Macintosh Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 10008|10008]] - Apple Simplified Chinese (GB 2312)
* [[Code page 10010|10010]] - Apple [[MacRomanian encoding|Romanian]]
* [[Code page 10017|10017]] - Apple [[Macintosh Ukrainian encoding|Ukrainian]]
* [[Code page 10021|10021]] - Apple Thai
* [[Code page 10029|10029]] - Apple [[Macintosh Central European encoding|Macintosh Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 10079|10079]] - Apple [[Mac Icelandic encoding|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 10081|10081]] - Apple [[MacTurkish encoding|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 10082|10082]] - Apple [[MacCroatian encoding|Croatian]]
{{div col end}}

=== Various other Microsoft code pages ===
The following code page numbers are specific to Microsoft Windows. IBM may use different numbers for these code pages. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO,{{huh|date=July 2020}} such as UNIX-like operating systems.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 20000|20000]] – Traditional Chinese CNS
* [[Code page 20001|20001]] – Traditional Chinese TCA
* [[Code page 20002|20002]] – Traditional Chinese ETEN
* [[Code page 20003|20003]] – Traditional Chinese IBM5500
* [[Code page 20004|20004]] – Traditional Chinese TeleText
* [[Code page 20005|20005]] – Traditional Chinese Wang
* [[Code page 20105|20105]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] [[ISO-646-IRV|IRV]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20105&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5 --&gt;
* [[Code page 20106|20106]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] German (DIN 66003)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20106&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-German --&gt;
* [[Code page 20107|20107]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] Swedish (SEN 850200 C)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20107&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Swedish --&gt;
* [[Code page 20108|20108]] - 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] Norwegian (NS 4551-2)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20108&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Norwegian --&gt;
* [[Code page 20127|20127]] – 7-bit [[US-ASCII]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20127&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate --&gt;
* [[Code page 20261|20261]] – [[ITU T.61|CCITT T.61]]
* [[Code page 20269|20269]] – [[ISO 6937]]
* [[Code page 20273|20273]]
* [[Code page 20277|20277]]
* [[Code page 20278|20278]]
* [[Code page 20284|20284]]
* [[Code page 20285|20285]]
* [[Code page 20290|20290]]
* [[Code page 20297|20297]]
* [[Code page 20420|20420]]
* [[Code page 20423|20423]]
* [[Code page 20424|20424]]
* [[Code page 20833|20833]]
* [[Code page 20838|20838]]
* [[Code page 20866|20866]] – [[KOI8-R]]
* [[Code page 20871|20871]]
* [[Code page 20880|20880]]
* [[Code page 20905|20905]]
* [[Code page 20924|20924]]
* [[Code page 20932|20932]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 1350? --&gt;
* [[Code page 20936|20936]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 1381? --&gt;
* [[Code page 20949|20949]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 949? --&gt;
* [[Code page 21025|21025]]
* [[Code page 21027|21027]]
* [[Code page 21866|21866]] – [[KOI8-U]]
* [[Code page 28591|28591]] – [[ISO-8859-1]]
* [[Code page 28592|28592]] – [[ISO-8859-2]]
* [[Code page 28593|28593]] – [[ISO-8859-3]]
* [[Code page 28594|28594]] – [[ISO-8859-4]]
* [[Code page 28595|28595]] – [[ISO-8859-5]]
* [[Code page 28596|28596]] – [[ISO-8859-6]]
* [[Code page 28597|28597]] – [[ISO-8859-7]]
* [[Code page 28598|28598]] – [[ISO-8859-8]]
* [[Code page 28599|28599]] – [[ISO-8859-9]]
* [[Code page 28600|28600]] – [[ISO-8859-10]]
* [[Code page 28601|28601]] – [[ISO-8859-11]]
* [[Code page 28602|28602]] – not used (reserved for [[ISO-8859-12]])
* [[Code page 28603|28603]] – [[ISO-8859-13]]
* [[Code page 28604|28604]] – [[ISO-8859-14]]
* [[Code page 28605|28605]] – [[ISO-8859-15]]
* [[Code page 28606|28606]] – [[ISO-8859-16]]
* [[Code page 38596|38596]] – [[ISO-8859-6]]&lt;!-- similar to CP28596 --&gt;
* [[Code page 38598|38598]] – [[ISO-8859-8]]&lt;!-- similar to CP28598 --&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Microsoft Unicode code pages ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1200|1200]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])
* [[Code page 1201|1201]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])
* [[Code page 12000|12000]] – [[UTF-32LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])
* [[Code page 12001|12001]] – [[UTF-32BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])
* [[Code page 65000|65000]] – [[UTF-7]] Unicode
* [[Code page 65001|65001]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode
* [[Code page 65520|65520]] – Empty Unicode Plane
{{div col end}}

== HP Symbol Sets ==
HP developed a series of Symbol Sets (each with its associated Symbol Set Code) to encode either its own character sets or other vendors’ character sets. They are normally 7-bit character sets which, when moved to the higher part and associated with the ASCII character set, make up 8-bit character sets.
&lt;!-- This list is not exhaustive --&gt;

=== HP own Symbol Sets ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Symbol Set 0E — HP Roman Extension — 7-bit character set with accented letters (coded by IBM as [[code page 1050]])
* Symbol Set 0G — HP 7-bit German
* Symbol Set 0L — HP Line Draw (coded by IBM as [[code page 1056]])
* Symbol Set 0M — HP Math-7
* Symbol Set 0T — HP Thai-8
* Symbol Set 1S — HP 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 1U — HP 7-bit Gothic Legal (coded by IBM as [[code page 1052]])
* Symbol Set 4Q — 7-bit PC Line (coded by IBM as [[code page 1055]])
* Symbol Set 4U — [[HP Roman#HP Roman-9|HP Roman-9]] — Roman-8 + €
* Symbol Set 7J — HP Desktop
* Symbol Set 7S — HP 7-bit European Spanish
* Symbol Set 8E — HP East-8&lt;!-- Check if my source (http://www.cestina.cz/kodovani/) is not mistaken and that this symbol set really exists --&gt;
* Symbol Set 8G — HP Greek-8 (based on IR 088; not on ELOT 927)
* Symbol Set 8H — HP Hebrew-8
* Symbol Set 8I — MS LineDraw (ASCII + HP PC Line)
* Symbol Set 8K — HP Kana-8 (ASCII + Japanese Katakana)
* Symbol Set 8L — HP LineDraw (ASCII + HP Line Draw)
* Symbol Set 8M — HP Math-8 (ASCII + HP Math-8)
* Symbol Set 8R — HP Cyrillic-8&lt;!-- (ASCII + GOST 13052? KOI-8?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 8S — HP 7-bit Latin American Spanish
* Symbol Set 8T — HP Turkish-8
* Symbol Set 8U — [[HP Roman#HP Roman-8|HP Roman-8]] (ASCII + HP Roman Extension; coded by IBM as [[code page 1051]])
* Symbol Set 8V — HP Arabic-8&lt;!-- Contradictory sources about &quot;Arabic-8&quot;; http://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Printer-Software-and-Drivers/Arabic-fonts-on-Network-Printers/td-p/2231625 and http://printronix.com/emea/wp-content/uploads/manuals/PTX_PRM_ACA_P8_258187a.pdf --&gt;
* Symbol Set 9K — HP Korean-8&lt;!-- (ASCII + Jamo Code Table?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 9T — PC 8T (also known as Code Page 437-T; this is '''not''' [[code page 857]])
* Symbol Set 9V — Latin / Arabic for Windows (this is '''not''' [[code page 1256]])
* Symbol Set 11U — PC 8D/N (also known as Code Page 437-N; coded by IBM as [[code page 1058]]; this is '''not''' [[code page 865]])
* Symbol set 14G — PC-8 Greek Alternate (also known as Code Page 437-G; almost the same as [[code page 737]])
* Symbol Set 18K —&lt;!-- HP Korea-15? Korean; based on KS X 1001 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 18T —&lt;!-- HP ROC-15? Traditional Chinese; based on Big5 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 19C —&lt;!-- HP PRC-15? Simplified Chinese; based on GB 2312 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 19K —&lt;!-- HP Japan-15? Japanese; based on Shift-JIS; coded by IBM as [[code page 5039]] --&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Symbol Sets from other vendors ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Symbol Set 0D — ISO 60: 7-bit Norwegian
* Symbol Set 0F — ISO 25: 7-bit French
* Symbol Set 0H — HP 7-bit Hebrew — Practically the same as Israeli Standard [[SI 960]]
* Symbol Set 0I — ISO 15: 7-bit Italian
* Symbol Set 0K — ISO 14: 7-bit Japanese Katakana
* Symbol Set 0N — ISO 8859-1 Latin 1 (Initially called &quot;Gothic-1&quot;; coded by IBM as code page 1052)
* Symbol Set 0R — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1986 version — IR 111)
* Symbol Set 0S — ISO 11: 7-bit Swedish
* Symbol Set 0U — ISO 6: 7-bit U.S.
* Symbol Set 0V — Arabic&lt;!-- 7-bit or 8-bit? ASMO 449? --&gt;
* Symbol Set 1D — ISO 61: 7-bit Norwegian
* Symbol Set 1E — ISO 4: 7-bit U. K.
* Symbol Set 1F — ISO 69: 7-bit French
* Symbol Set 1G — ISO 21: 7-bit German
* Symbol Set 1K — ISO 13: 7-bit Japanese Latin
* Symbol Set 1T — Windows Thai (Practically the same as [[code page 1162|874]])
* Symbol Set 2K — ISO 57: 7-bit Simplified Chinese Latin
* Symbol Set 2N — ISO 8859-2 Latin 2
* Symbol Set 2S — ISO 17: 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 2U — ISO 2: 7-bit International Reverence Version
* Symbol Set 3N — ISO 8859-3 Latin 3
* Symbol Set 3R — PC-866 Russia (Practically the same as [[code page 866]])
* Symbol Set 3S — ISO 10: 7-bit Swedish
* Symbol Set 4N — ISO 8859-4 Latin 4
* Symbol Set 4S — ISO 16: 7-bit Portuguese
* Symbol Set 5M — PS Math Symbol (Practically the same as [[Adobe Symbols]])
* Symbol Set 5N — ISO 8859-9 Latin 5
* Symbol Set 5S — ISO 84: 7-bit Portuguese
* Symbol Set 5T — Windows 3.1 Latin-5 (Practically the same as [[code page 1254]])
* Symbol Set 6J — Microsoft Publishing
* Symbol Set 6M — Ventura Math
* Symbol Set 6N — ISO 8859-10 Latin 6
* Symbol Set 6S — ISO 85: 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 7H — ISO 8859-8 Latin/Hebrew
* Symbol Set 9E — Windows 3.1 Latin 2 (Practically the same as [[code page 1250]])
* Symbol Set 9G — Windows 98 Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 1253]])
* Symbol Set 9J — PC 1004
* Symbol Set 9L — Ventura ITC Zapf Dingbats
* Symbol Set 9N — ISO 8859-15 Latin 9
* Symbol Set 9R — Windows 98 Cyrillic (Practically the same as [[code page 1251]])
* Symbol Set 9U — Windows 3.0
* Symbol Set 10G — PC-851 Latin/Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 851]])
* Symbol Set 10J — PS Text (Practically the same as [[PostScript Standard Encoding|Adobe Standard]])
* Symbol Set 10L — PS ITC Zapf Dingbats (Practically the same as [[Adobe Dingbats]])
* Symbol Set 10N — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1988 version — IR 144)
* Symbol Set 10R — PC-855 Cyrillic (Practically the same as [[code page 855]])
* Symbol Set 10T — Teletex&lt;!-- (CCITT T.61?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 10U — PC-8 (Practically the same as [[code page 437]]; coded by IBM as [[code page 1057]])
* Symbol Set 10V — CP-864 (Practically the same as [[code page 864]])
* Symbol Set 11G — CP-869 (Practically the same as [[code page 869]])
* Symbol Set 11J — PS ISO Latin-1 (Practically the same as [[Adobe Latin-1]])
* Symbol Set 11N — ISO 8859-6 Latin/Arabic
* Symbol Set 12G — PC Latin/Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 737]])
* Symbol Set 12J — MC Text (Practically the same as [[Mac OS Roman|Macintosh Roman]])
* Symbol Set 12N — ISO 8859-7 Latin/Greek
* Symbol Set 12R — PC Gost (Practically the same as [[PC GOST Main character set|PC GOST Main]])
* Symbol Set 12U — PC-850 Latin 1 (Practically the same as [[code page 850]])
* Symbol Set 13J — Ventura International
* Symbol Set 13R — PC Bulgarian (Practically the same as [[MIK (character set)|MIK]])
* Symbol Set 13U — PC-858 Latin 1 + € (Practically the same as [[code page 858]])
* Symbol Set 14J — Ventura U. S.
* Symbol Set 14L — Windows Dingbats
* Symbol Set 14P — ABICOMP International (Practically the same as [[ABICOMP character set|ABICOMP]])
* Symbol Set 14R — PC Ukrainian (Practically the same as [[RUSCII]])
* Symbol Set 15H — PC-862 Israel (Practically the same as [[code page 862]])
* Symbol Set 16U — PC-857 Latin 5 (Practically the same as [[code page 857]])
* Symbol Set 17U — PC-852 Latin 2 (Practically the same as [[code page 852]])
* Symbol Set 18N — [[UTF-8]]
* Symbol Set 18U — PC-853 Latin 3 (Practically the same as [[code page 853]])
* Symbol Set 19L — Windows 98 Baltic (Practically the same as [[code page 1257]])
* Symbol Set 19M — Windows Symbol
* Symbol Set 19U — Windows 3.1 Latin 1 (Practically the same as [[code page 1252]])
* Symbol Set 20U — PC-860 Portugal (Practically the same as [[code page 860]])
* Symbol Set 21U — PC-861 Iceland (Practically the same as [[code page 861]])
* Symbol Set 23U — PC-863 Canada - French (Practically the same as [[code page 863]])
* Symbol Set 24Q — PC-Polish Mazowia (Practically the same as [[Mazovia encoding]])
* Symbol Set 25U — PC-865 Denmark/Norway (Practically the same as [[code page 865]])
* Symbol Set 26U — PC-775 Latin 7 (Practically the same as [[code page 775]])
* Symbol Set 27Q — PC-8 PC Nova (Practically the same as [[code page 999|PC Nova]])
* Symbol Set 27U — PC Latvian Russian (also known as 866-Latvian)
* Symbol Set 28U — PC Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as [[code page 774]])
* Symbol Set 29U — PC-772 Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as [[code page 772]])
{{div col end}}

== Code pages from other vendors ==
These code pages are independent assignments by third party vendors. Since the original IBM PC code page ([[code page 437|number 437]]) was not really designed for international use, several partially compatible country or region specific variants emerged.

These code pages number assignments are '''not official''' neither by IBM, neither by Microsoft and almost none of them is referred as a usable character set by IANA. The numbers assigned to these code pages are arbitrary and may clash to registered numbers in use by IBM or Microsoft. Some of them may predate codepage switching being added in DOS 3.3.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 100|100]] – DOS Hebrew hardware fontpage (Not from IBM; [[Hebrew MS-DOS|HDOS]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 111|111]] – DOS Greek (Not from IBM; [[AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 112|112]] – DOS Turkish (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 113|113]] – DOS Yugoslavian (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 151|151]] – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;!-- EPROM fontpage --&gt;
* [[Code page 152|152]] – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;!-- EPROM fontpage --&gt;
* [[Code page 161|161]] – DOS [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 162|162]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)
* [[Code page 163|163]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 164|164]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)
* [[Code page 165|165]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 166|166]] – IBM Arabic PC (ADOS)&lt;!-- hardware fontpage --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 210|210]] – DEC DOS Greek (NEC Jetmate printers)
* [[Code page 220|220]] – DEC DOS Spanish (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 489|489]] – Czechoslovakian [OCR software 1993]
* [[Code page 620|620]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- Fido Mazowia? Variant with characters &quot;Ć&quot; and &quot;ć&quot; in positions 80 and 87? --&gt;
* [[Code page 667|667]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- variant with the characters &quot;¢&quot;, &quot;„&quot; and &quot;&quot;&quot; in positions 9B, 9D and A9? --&gt;
* [[Code page 668|668]] – DOS Polish&lt;!--Different than Mazovia! --&gt; (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 707|707]] – MS-DOS Arabic Sakhr (Not from IBM; [[Sakhr Computers|Sakhr Software]] from [[MSX]] Computers)&lt;!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakr, below. --&gt;
* [[Code page 711|711]] – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha Enhanced (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 714|714]] – MS-DOS Arabic Sakr (Not from IBM)&lt;!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakhr, above. --&gt;
* [[Code page 715|715]] – MS-DOS Arabic APTEC (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 721|721]] – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha International (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 768|768]] – Arabic Al-Arabi (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 770|770]] – DOS Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian&lt;ref name=&quot;CP770&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian RST 1095-89 National Standard)
* [[Code page 771|771]] – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic — KBL&lt;ref name=&quot;CP771&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 772|772]] – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic&lt;ref name=&quot;CP772&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1284:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as [[code page 1119]])
* [[Code page 773|773]] – DOS Latin-7 — KBL (From Lithuanian Lika Software)
* [[Code page 774|774]] – DOS Lithuanian&lt;ref name=&quot;CP774&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1283:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as [[code page 1118]])
* [[Code page 775|775]] – DOS Latin-7 Baltic Rim (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1590-1 National Standard; adopted by IBM and Microsoft as [[code page 775]])
* [[Code page 776|776]] – DOS Lithuanian (extended CP770)&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 777|777]] – DOS Accented Lithuanian (old) (extended CP773) — KBL&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 778|778]] – DOS Accented Lithuanian (extended CP775)&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 790|790]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]]&lt;!-- Variant with the characters &quot;¢&quot;, &quot;„&quot; and &quot;&quot;&quot; in positions 9B, 9D and A9? From Lithuanian Lika Software? --&gt;
* [[Code page 854|854]] – Spanish&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan_1992_REF-DE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Cites the Hogan book for CP854 as well since 1995. No other source found so far. --&gt;
* [[Code page 881|881]] – Latin 1 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 881]])
* [[Code page 882|882]] – Latin 2 (ISO 8859-2) (Not from IBM; same as Code page 912; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 882]])
* [[Code page 883|883]] – Latin 3 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 883]])
* [[Code page 884|884]] – Latin 4 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 884]])
* [[Code page 885|885]] – Latin 5 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 885]])
* [[Code page 895|895]] – [[Kamenický encoding|Czech (Kamenický)]], (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP895 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Roman)
* [[Mazovia encoding|896]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP896 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Katakana)&lt;!-- Variant with the character &quot;zł&quot; in position 9B? --&gt;
* [[Code page 900|900]] – DOS Russian (Russian MS-DOS 5.0 LCD.CPI)
* [[ISO 8859-7|928]] – Greek (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Greek National Standard [[ISO 8859-7|ELOT 928]] (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP928 — Simplified Chinese PC DBCS)
* [[Code page 966|966]] – Saudi Arabian (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 991|991]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- Variant with the character &quot;zł&quot; in position 9B? --&gt;
* [[Code page 999|999]] – DOS Serbo-Croatian I (Not from IBM); also known as PC Nova and CroSCII; lower part is JUSI.B1.002, upper part is code page 437; supports [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] and [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] (Latin script)
* [[Code page 1001|1001]] – Arabic (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers) (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP1001 — MICR)
* [[Code page 1261|1261]] – Windows Korean IBM-1261 LMBCS-17, similar to [[Code page 1363|1363]]&lt;!--https://web.archive.org/web/20161220082724/https://fossies.org/dox/w32tex-src/ucnv__lmb_8c_source.html Isn't it, by any chance, a misprint of code page 1361 (Johab)? --&gt;
* [[Code page 1270|1270]] – Windows Sámi
* [[Code page 771|2001]] – Lithuanian KBL (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 771
* [[Code page 1116|3001]] – Estonian 1 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 1116
* [[Code page 922|3002]] – Estonian 2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 922
* [[Code page 437-Latvian|3011]] – Latvian 1 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 437-Latvian
* [[Code page 866-Latvian|3012]] – Latvian-2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 866-Latvian (Latvian RST 1040-90 National Standard)
* [[MIK (character set)|3021]] – Bulgarian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as MIK
* [[Code page 862|3031]] – Hebrew (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 862
* 3041 – Maltese (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as [[ISO 646]] Maltese
* 3840 – IBM-Russian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); nearly the same as [[CP 866]]
* 3841 – Gost-Russian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); [[KOI-8|GOST 13052]] plus characters for Central Asian languages
* [[Mazovia encoding|3843]] – Polish (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Mazovia
* [[Kamenický encoding|3844]] – CS2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Kamenický
* [[CWI-2|3845]] – Hungarian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as CWI
* 3846 – Turkish (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as PC-8 Turkish + old Turkish Lira sign (Tʟ) at code point A8
* [[BraSCII|3847]] – Brazil-ABNT (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as the Brazilian National Standard NBR-9614:1986&lt;!-- I am still investigating if BraSCII is the same as ISO 8859-1 or not --&gt;
* [[ABICOMP character set|3848]] – Brazil-ABICOMP (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as ABICOMP
* 3850 – Standard KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3860 – Rajvitee KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3861 – Microwiz KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3863 – STD988 TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* 3864 – Popular TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* 3865 – Newsic TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* (number missing) – [[CWI-2]] (for DOS) supports [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
* (number missing) – [[MIK (character set)|MIK]] (for DOS) supports [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
* (number missing) – DOS Serbo-Croatian II; supports [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] and [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] (Latin script)
* (number missing) — Russian [[Alternative code page (Russian)|Alternative code page]] (for DOS); this is the origin for IBM [[CP 866]]
{{div col end}}

== {{anchor|0|999|57344|61439|65280|65533|65534|65535}}List of code page assignments ==
{{Expand_list|date=July 2014}}
List of known code page assignments (incomplete):

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;float:center;&quot;
! ID !! Names !! Description !! Origin !! Platform !! DOS !! OS/2 !! Windows !! Mac !! Else !! Encoding !! Comment
|-
| 0 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || || Internal OS use&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
|-
| 437 || CP437, IBM437 || PC US || IBM&lt;ref name=&quot;CP437&quot;/&gt; || IBM PC || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || Yes || ? || Yes || 8-bit [[SBCS]] ||
|-
| 57344&amp;nbsp;- 61439 || N/A || Private use derivations || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page derivations (E000h-EFFFh)
|-
| 65280&amp;nbsp;- 65533 || N/A || Private use definitions || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page definitions (FF00h-FFFDh)
|-
| 65534 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || ? || ? || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFEh)
|-
| 65535 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFFh)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
|}

== Criticism ==
Many older character encodings (unlike Unicode) suffer from several problems. Some code page vendors insufficiently document the meaning of all code point values, which decreases the reliability of handling textual data through various computer systems consistently. Some vendors add proprietary extensions to some code pages to add or change certain code point values; for example, byte 0x5C in [[Shift JIS]] can represent either a [[back slash]] or a yen [[Currency sign (typography)|currency symbol]] depending on the platform. Finally, in order to support several languages in a program that does not use Unicode, the code page used for each string/document needs to be stored.

Due to Unicode's extensive documentation, vast repertoire of characters and stability policy of characters, the problems listed above are rarely a concern for Unicode. Applications may also mislabel text in [[Windows-1252]] as [[ISO-8859-1]]. Fortunately, the only difference between these code pages is that the code point values used by ISO-8859-1 for control characters are instead used as additional printable characters in Windows-1252. Since control characters have no function in HTML, web browsers tend to use Windows-1252 rather than ISO-8859-1. In HTML5, treating ISO-8859-1 as Windows-1252 is even codified as standard. Later, UTF-8 has succeeded both encodings in terms of popularity on the Internet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics_UTF-8&quot;/&gt;

== {{anchor|Private use|User-definable}}Private code pages ==
When, early in the history of personal computers, users did not find their character encoding requirements met, private or local code pages were created using [[Terminate and Stay Resident]] utilities or by re-programming [[BIOS]] [[EPROM]]s. In some cases, unofficial code page numbers were invented (e.g. CP895).

When more diverse character set support became available most of those code pages fell into disuse, with some exceptions such as the [[Kamenický encoding|Kamenický]] or KEYBCS2 encoding for the [[Czech alphabet|Czech]] and [[Slovak alphabet|Slovak]] alphabets. Another character set is [[Iran System encoding standard]] that was created by Iran System corporation for [[Persian language]] support. This standard was in use in Iran in DOS-based programs and after introduction of Microsoft code page 1256 this standard became obsolete. However some Windows and DOS programs using this encoding are still in use and some Windows fonts with this encoding exist.

In order to overcome such problems, the [[IBM Character Data Representation Architecture]] level 2 specifically reserves ranges of code page IDs for user-definable and private-use assignments. Whenever such code page IDs are used, the user must not assume that the same functionality and appearance can be reproduced in another system configuration or on another device or system unless the user takes care of this specifically.
The code page range 57344-61439 ({{Mono|E000h}}-{{Mono|EFFFh}}) is officially reserved for user-definable code pages (or actually CCSIDs in the context of [[IBM CDRA]]), whereas the range 65280-65533 ({{Mono|FF00h}}-{{Mono|FFFDh}}) is reserved for any user-definable &quot;private use&quot; assignments.
For example, a non-registered custom variant of code page 437 ({{Mono|1B5h}}) or 28591 ({{Mono|6FAF}}) could become 57781 ({{Mono|E1B5h}}) or 61359 ({{Mono|EFAFh}}), respectively, in order to avoid potential conflicts with other assignments and maintain the sometimes existing internal numerical logic in the assignments of the original code pages. An unregistered private code page not based on an existing code page, a device specific code page like a printer font, which just needs a logical handle to become addressable for the system, a frequently changing download font, or a code page number with a symbolic meaning in the local environment could have an assignment in the private range like 65280 ({{Mono|FF00h}}).

The code page IDs 0, 65534 ({{Mono|FFFEh}}) and 65535 ({{Mono|FFFFh}}) are reserved for internal use by operating systems such as DOS and must not be assigned to any specific code pages.

== See also ==
* [[Windows code page]]
* [[Character encoding]]
* [[CCSID]] IBM's official &quot;code page&quot; definitions and assignments
* [[Codepage sniffing]]
* [[Unicode]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL&quot;&gt;[http://www.pclviewer.com/resources/pcl_symbolset.html Printer Command Language Symbol Sets]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL-Symbol&quot;&gt;[http://pclhelp.com/pcl-symbol-sets/ HP Symbol Sets]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL5&quot;&gt;[http://h10032.www1.hp.com/ctg/Manual/bpl13206.pdf PCL5 Camparison Guide]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepage-ID&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v=vs.85%29.aspx#Code |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |website=microsoft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;
{{Cite book |title=The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2 |author-first1=Ray |author-last1=Duncan |author-first2=Steve |author-last2=Bostwick |author-first3=Keith |author-last3=Burgoyne |author-first4=Robert A. |author-last4=Byers |author-first5=Thom |author-last5=Hogan |author-first6=Jim |author-last6=Kyle |author-first7=Gordon |author-last7=Letwin |author-link7=Gordon Letwin |author-first8=Charles |author-last8=Petzold |author-link8=Charles Petzold |author-first9=Chip |author-last9=Rabinowitz |author-first10=Jim |author-last10=Tomlin |author-first11=Richard |author-last11=Wilton |author-first12=Van |author-last12=Wolverton |author-first13=William |author-last13=Wong |author-first14=JoAnne |author-last14=Woodcock |contribution=Technical advisors |contributor-first1=Mark |contributor-last1=Zbikowski |contributor-link1=Mark Zbikowski |contributor-first2=Paul |contributor-last2=Allen |contributor-link2=Paul Allen |contributor-first3=Steve |contributor-last3=Ballmer |contributor-link3=Steve Ballmer |contributor-first4=Reuben |contributor-last4=Borman |contributor-first5=Rob |contributor-last5=Borman |contributor-first6=John |contributor-last6=Butler |contributor-first7=Chuck |contributor-last7=Carroll |contributor-first8=Mark |contributor-last8=Chamberlain |contributor-first9=David |contributor-last9=Chell |contributor-first10=Mike |contributor-last10=Colee |contributor-first11=Mike |contributor-last11=Courtney |contributor-first12=Mike |contributor-last12=Dryfoos |contributor-first13=Rachel |contributor-last13=Duncan |contributor-first14=Kurt |contributor-last14=Eckhardt |contributor-first15=Eric |contributor-last15=Evans |contributor-first16=Rick |contributor-last16=Farmer |contributor-first17=Bill |contributor-last17=Gates |contributor-link17=Bill Gates |contributor-first18=Michael |contributor-last18=Geary |contributor-first19=Bob |contributor-last19=Griffin |contributor-first20=Doug |contributor-last20=Hogarth |contributor-first21=James W. |contributor-last21=Johnson |contributor-first22=Kaamel |contributor-last22=Kermaani |contributor-first23=Adrian |contributor-last23=King |contributor-first24=Reed |contributor-last24=Koch |contributor-first25=James |contributor-last25=Landowski |contributor-first26=Chris |contributor-last26=Larson |contributor-first27=Thomas |contributor-last27=Lennon |contributor-first28=Dan |contributor-last28=Lipkie |contributor-first29=Marc |contributor-last29=McDonald |contributor-link29=Marc McDonald |contributor-first30=Bruce |contributor-last30=McKinney |contributor-first31=Pascal |contributor-last31=Martin |contributor-first32=Estelle |contributor-last32=Mathers |contributor-first33=Bob |contributor-last33=Matthews &lt;!-- |contributor-link33=Robert Matthews (scientist)??? --&gt; |contributor-first34=David |contributor-last34=Melin |contributor-first35=Charles |contributor-last35=Mergentime |contributor-first36=Randy |contributor-last36=Nevin |contributor-first37=Dan |contributor-last37=Newell |contributor-first38=Tani |contributor-last38=Newell |contributor-first39=David |contributor-last39=Norris |contributor-first40=Mike |contributor-last40=O'Leary |contributor-first41=Bob |contributor-last41=O'Rear |contributor-link41=Bob O'Rear |contributor-first42=Mike |contributor-last42=Olsson |contributor-first43=Larry |contributor-last43=Osterman |contributor-first44=Ridge |contributor-last44=Ostling |contributor-first45=Sunil |contributor-last45=Pai |contributor-first46=Tim |contributor-last46=Paterson |contributor-link46=Tim Paterson |contributor-first47=Gary |contributor-last47=Perez |contributor-first48=Chris |contributor-last48=Peters |contributor-first49=Charles |contributor-last49=Petzold |contributor-link49=Charles Petzold |contributor-first50=John |contributor-last50=Pollock |contributor-first51=Aaron |contributor-last51=Reynolds |contributor-link51=Aaron R. Reynolds |contributor-first52=Darryl |contributor-last52=Rubin |contributor-first53=Ralph |contributor-last53=Ryan |contributor-first54=Karl |contributor-last54=Schulmeisters |contributor-first55=Rajen |contributor-last55=Shah |contributor-first56=Barry |contributor-last56=Shaw |contributor-first57=Anthony |contributor-last57=Short |contributor-first58=Ben |contributor-last58=Slivka |contributor-first59=Jon |contributor-last59=Smirl |contributor-first60=Betty |contributor-last60=Stillmaker |contributor-first61=John |contributor-last61=Stoddard |contributor-first62=Dennis |contributor-last62=Tillman |contributor-first63=Greg |contributor-last63=Whitten |contributor-first64=Natalie |contributor-last64=Yount |contributor-first65=Steve |contributor-last65=Zeck |date=1988 |edition=Completely reworked |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |location=Redmond, Washington, USA |isbn=1-55615-049-0 |id={{ISBN|978-1-55615-049-4}} |lccn=87-21452 |oclc=16581341}} [https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/] (xix+1570 pages; 26&amp;nbsp;cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors.)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files |type=CPI.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.30 |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip&lt;!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older version of CPI.LST --&gt; |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Elliott_2006_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |title=CPI file format |date=2006-10-14 |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165307/http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;AEB_2001_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=CPI fonts |author-first=Andries Evert |author-last=Brouwer |author-link=Andries Evert Brouwer |date=2001-02-10 |version=0.2 |url=https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165133/https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Haralambous_2007_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Fonts &amp; Encodings |author-first=Yannis |author-last=Haralambous |translator-first=P. Scott |translator-last=Horne |location=Sebastopol, California, USA |publisher=[[O'Reilly Media, Inc.]] |date=September 2007 |edition=1 |isbn=978-0-596-10242-5 |id={{ISBN|0-596-10242-9}} |pages=601–602, 611}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_1991_PR&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=MS-DOS Programmer's Reference |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |date=1991 |isbn=1-55615-329-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781556153297}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_i_EBCDIC&quot;&gt;[http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/i/software/globalization/codepages.html IBM i Globalization - EBCDIC Code Pages]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;SAP_CP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://help.sap.com/abapdocu_70/en/ABENCODEPAGE_GLOSRY.htm |title=Code Page |work=sap.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12032_01/doc/epm.921/html_esb_dbag/glossary.htm#1009960 |title=Glossary |work=oracle.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_VT510&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=VT510 Video Terminal Programmer Information |at=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |publisher=[[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://www.vt100.net/docs/vt510-rm/chapter7.html#S7.1 |access-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[ISO]] character sets, which conform to the structure and rules of [[ISO 2022]], the [[VT510]] supports a number of IBM PC code pages ([[page number]]s in IBM's standard character set manual) in [[PCTerm]] mode to emulate the [[console terminal]] of industry-standard PCs.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_1994_Codepage&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=VT520/VT525 Video Terminal Programmer Information |chapter=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |date=July 1994 |page=7-1 |id=EK-VT520-RM. A01 |publisher=[[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |access-date=2017-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215184432/http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[ISO]] character sets the [[VT520]] supports a number of IBM PC code pages (which refer to [[page number]]s in IBM's standard character set manual) in [[PCTerm]] mode to emulate the [[console terminal]] of industry-standard PCs.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Overview on DOS, OS/2, and Windows codepages |type=CODEPAGE.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.59 preliminary |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip&lt;!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older preliminary version of CODEPAGE.LST --&gt; |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan_1992_REF-DE&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Die PC-Referenz für Programmierer |language=German |author-first=Thom |author-last=Hogan |edition=2 |date=1992 |publisher=Systhema Verlag GmbH |isbn=3-89390-272-4}} (NB. This book is the German translation of &quot;The Programmer's PC Sourcebook&quot; by Microsoft Press. It mentions the code page ID 854 for Spain.&lt;!-- To be checked: Do English version and other editions of this book contain 854 as well? --&gt;)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_CP1004&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Codepage 1004 - Windows Extended |publisher=[[IBM]] |date=2001 |url=http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |access-date=2018-05-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513184106/http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |archive-date=2018-05-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;VGA-Programming&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.osdever.net/FreeVGA/vga/vgatext.htm |title=VGA/SVGA Video Programming--VGA Text Mode Operation |website=osdever.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;&gt;{{cite |title=xlate - Transliterate Contents of Records |publisher=[[IBM Corporation]] |orig-year=1986 |date=2010 |url=http://vm.marist.edu/%7Epipeline/bhelp/ACH0275.html |access-date=2016-10-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepages&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd317752.aspx |title=Code Pages |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |website=microsoft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM&quot;&gt;[https://github.com/pentaho/pentaho-reporting/tree/master/libraries/libfonts/encodings/VENDORS/IBM]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=Microsoft|work=[[Microsoft Developer Network]] |date=2014 |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756(v=vs.85).aspx |access-date=2016-06-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619132819/https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v%3Dvs.85%29.aspx |archive-date=2016-06-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Web Encodings - Internet Explorer - Encodings |date=2012-10-23 |work=WHATWG Wiki |url=https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620184648/https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20105&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Western European (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183843/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20106&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=German (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183739/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20107&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Swedish (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183231/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20108&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Norwegian (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183449/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20127&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=US-ASCII encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620192058/http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;&gt;{{cite |title=Technical info on undocumented DOS country info for LCASE, ARAMODE and CCTORC records |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2002-09-05 |publisher=FreeDOS development list fd-dev at Topica |url=http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |access-date=2016-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527142512/http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |archive-date=2016-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Ralf D. |author-last=Brown |author-link=Ralf D. Brown |title=The x86 Interrupt List |title-link=Ralf Brown's Interrupt List |version=61 |date=2002-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &amp;mdash; Tips &amp;amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-07-30 |edition=3 |version=Release 157 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |access-date=2012-01-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522014302/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |archive-date=22 May 2016 }} (NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on [[Novell DOS 7]] and [[OpenDOS 7.01]], including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger MPDOSTIP.ZIP collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the NWDOSTIP.TXT file.)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &amp;mdash; Tips &amp;amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-04-09 |edition=3 |version=Release 183 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;&gt;[http://www.likit.lt/indexw.php Changed its name to &quot;Likit&quot;. Went out of business?]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP770&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/770.htm |title=770}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP771&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/771.htm |title=771}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP772&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/772.htm |title=772}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP774&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/774.htm |title=774}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.star-m.jp/eng/service/usermanual/lc8021um.pdf |title=Star LC 8021 User's Manual}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP437&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=IBM |title=SBCS code page information document - CPGID 00437 |url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00437.html |access-date=2014-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/character_encoding/all |title=Usage Statistics of Character Encodings for Websites, (updated daily) |website=w3techs.com |access-date=2015-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics_UTF-8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://trends.builtwith.com/encoding/UTF-8 |title=UTF-8 Usage Statistics |website=trends.builtwith.com |access-date=2011-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/standartai/ra%C5%A1men%C5%B3-koduo%C4%8Di%C5%B3-standartai/ |title=lietuvybė.lt - Rašmenų koduotės |language=lt |trans-title=lietuvybė.lt - Character encodings}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Kazakh_1174&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/G01BQVRV|title=Character Data Representation Architecture}}&lt;!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ibm.com/software/globalization/cdra/glossary.jsp#SPTGLCDPG IBM CDRA glossary]
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205110331/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/g11n-res.html|date=2016-02-05|title=IBM code pages}}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906204346/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp_es.jsp|date=2009-09-06|title=IBM code pages by encoding scheme}}
* [http://site.icu-project.org/charts/charset IBM/ICU Charset Information]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers Microsoft Code Page Identifiers] (Microsoft's list contains only code pages actively used by normal apps on Windows. See also [https://web.archive.org/web/20040225223721/http://www.sharmahd.com/tm/codepages.html Torsten Mohrin's list] for the full list of supported code pages)
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023050917/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964654|date=2012-10-23|title=Shorter Microsoft list containing only the ANSI and OEM code pages but with links to more detail on each}}
* [http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/codepages.html Character Sets And Code Pages At The Push Of A Button]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chcp Microsoft Chcp command: Display and set the console active code page]

{{character encoding}}

[[Category:Character encoding]]</text>
      <sha1>tracys2dl9lyoik4qi4ocaymvy4bmu8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088416</id>
      <parentid>4088414</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T02:50:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alexlatham96</username>
        <id>377450</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid revision 4088414 by [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="89643" xml:space="preserve">{{Dewikify}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020|cs1-dates=y}}
In [[computing]], a '''code page''' is a [[character encoding]] and as such it is a specific association of a set of printable [[character (computing)|character]]s and [[control character]]s with unique numbers. Typically each number represents the binary value in a single byte. (In some contexts these terms are used more precisely; see {{w:Character encoding#Character sets, character maps and code pages}}.)

The term &quot;code page&quot; originated from [[IBM]]'s [[EBCDIC]]-based mainframe systems,&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_i_EBCDIC&quot;/&gt; but [[Microsoft]], [[SAP AG|SAP]],&lt;ref name=&quot;SAP_CP&quot;/&gt; and [[Oracle Corporation]]&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;/&gt; are among the few vendors which use this term. The majority of vendors identify their own character sets by a name. In the case when there is a plethora of character sets (like in IBM), identifying character sets through a number is a convenient way to distinguish them. Originally, the code page numbers referred to the [[page number|''page'' number]]s in the IBM standard character set manual,&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_VT510&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_1994_Codepage&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt; a condition which has not held for a long time. Vendors that use a code page system allocate their own code page number to a character encoding, even if it is better known by another name; for example, [[UTF-8]] has been assigned page numbers 1208 at IBM, 65001 at Microsoft, and 4110 at SAP.

[[Hewlett-Packard]] uses a similar concept in its [[HP-UX]] operating system and its [[Printer Command Language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL&quot;/&gt; (PCL) protocol for printers (either for HP printers or not). The terminology, however, is different: What others call a ''character set'', HP calls a ''symbol set'', and what IBM or Microsoft call a ''code page'', HP calls a ''symbol set code''. HP developed a series of symbol sets,&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL-Symbol&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL5&quot;/&gt; each with an associated symbol set code, to encode both its own character sets and other vendors’ character sets.

The multitude of character sets leads many vendors to recommend [[Unicode]].

== The code page numbering system ==
IBM introduced the concept of systematically assigning a small, but globally unique, 16 bit number to each character encoding that a computer system or collection of computer systems might encounter. The IBM origin of the numbering scheme is reflected in the fact that the smallest (first) numbers are assigned to variations of IBM's EBCDIC encoding and slightly larger numbers refer to variations of IBM's [[extended ASCII]] encoding as used in its PC hardware.

With the release of [[PC DOS]] version 3.3 (and the near identical [[MS-DOS]] 3.3) IBM introduced the code page numbering system to regular PC users, as the code page numbers (and the phrase &quot;code page&quot;) were used in new commands to allow the character encoding used by all parts of the OS to be set in a systematic way.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia&quot;/&gt;

After IBM and Microsoft ceased to cooperate in the 1990s, the two companies have maintained the list of assigned code page numbers independently from each other, resulting in some conflicting assignments. At least one third-party vendor ([[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]]) also has its own different list of numeric assignments.&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;/&gt; IBM's current assignments are listed in their [[CCSID]] repository, while Microsoft's assignments are documented within the [[MSDN]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepage-ID&quot;/&gt; Additionally, a list of the names and approximate IANA ([[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]]) abbreviations for the installed code pages on any given Windows machine can be found in the Registry on that machine (this information is used by Microsoft programs such as [[Internet Explorer]]).

Most well-known code pages, excluding those for the [[CJK]] languages and [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]],&lt;!-- not using CJKV here because this applies to the modern romanised Vietnamese --&gt; fit all their code-points into eight bits and do not involve anything more than mapping each code-point to a single character; furthermore, techniques such as combining characters, complex scripts, etc., are not involved.

The text mode of standard ([[VGA-compatible text mode|VGA-compatible]]) PC graphics hardware is built around using an 8-bit code page, though it is possible to use two at once with some color depth sacrifice, and up to eight may be stored in the display adaptor for easy switching.&lt;ref name=&quot;VGA-Programming&quot;/&gt; There was a selection of third-party code page fonts that could be loaded into such hardware. However, it is now commonplace for operating system vendors to provide their own character encoding and rendering systems that run in a graphics mode and bypass this hardware limitation entirely.  However the system of referring to character encodings by a code page number remains applicable, as an efficient alternative to string identifiers such as those specified by the IETF and IANA for use in various protocols such as e-mail and web pages.

=== Relationship to ASCII ===
The majority of code pages in current use are supersets of [[ASCII]], a 7-bit code representing 128 control codes and printable characters. In the distant past, 8-bit implementations of the ASCII code set the top bit to zero or used it as a [[parity bit]] in network data transmissions. When the top bit was made available for representing character data, a total of 256 characters and control codes could be represented. Most vendors (including IBM) used this extended range to encode characters used by various languages and graphical elements that allowed the imitation of primitive graphics on text-only output devices. No formal standard existed for these &quot;extended ASCII character sets&quot; and vendors referred to the variants as code pages, as IBM had always done for variants of EBCDIC encodings.

=== Relationship to Unicode ===
Unicode is an effort to include all characters from all currently and historically used human languages into single character enumeration (effectively one large single code page), removing the need to distinguish between different code pages when handling digitally stored text. Unicode tries to retain backwards compatibility with many legacy code pages, copying some code pages 1:1 in the design process. An explicit design goal of Unicode was to allow round-trip conversion between all common legacy code pages, although this goal has not always been achieved.
Some vendors, namely IBM and Microsoft, have anachronistically assigned code page numbers to Unicode encodings. This convention allows code page numbers to be used as metadata to identify the correct decoding algorithm when encountering binary stored data.

==IBM code pages==
=== EBCDIC-based code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its EBCDIC character sets for [[IBM mainframe|mainframe computers]].
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* 1 – USA WP, Original
* 2 – USA
* 3 – USA Accounting, Version A
* 4 – USA
* 5 – USA
* 6 – Latin America
* 7 – Germany F.R. / Austria
* 8 – Germany F.R.
* 9 – France, Belgium
* 10 – Canada (English)
* 11 – Canada (French)
* 12 – Italy
* 13 – Netherlands
* 14 –
* 15 – Switzerland (French)
* 16 – Switzerland (French / German)
* 17 – Switzerland (German)
* 18 – Sweden / Finland
* 19 – Sweden / Finland WP, version 2
* 20 – Denmark/Norway
* 21 – Brazil
* 22 – Portugal
* 23 – United Kingdom
* 24 – United Kingdom
* 25 – Japan (Latin)
* 26 – Japan (Latin)
* 27 – Greece (Latin)
* 28 –&lt;!-- Greece (Latin)??? --&gt;
* 29 – Iceland
* 30 – Turkey
* 31 – South Africa
* 32 – Czechoslovakia (Czech / Slovak)
* 33 – Czechoslovakia
* 34 – Czechoslovakia
* 35 – Romania
* 36 – Romania
* 37 – USA/Canada - CECP (same with euro: 1140|1140)
* 37-2 – The real 3279 APL codepage, as used by C/370. This is very close to 1047, except for caret and not-sign inverted. It is not officially recognized by IBM, even though SHARE has pointed out its existence.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 38 – USA ASCII
* 39 – United Kingdom / Israel
* 40 – United Kingdom
* 251 – China
* 252 – Poland
* 254 – Hungary
* 256 – International #1 (superseded by 500|500)
* 257 – International #2
* 258 – International #3
* 259 – Symbols, Set 7
* 260 – Canadian French - 116
* 264 – Print Train &amp; Text processing extended
* 273 – Germany F.R./Austria - CECP (same with euro: 1141|1141)
* 274 – Old Belgium Code Page
* 275 – Brazil - CECP
* 276 – Canada (French) - 94
* 277 – Denmark, Norway - CECP (same with euro: 1142|1142)
* 278 – Finland, Sweden - CECP (same with euro: 1143|1143)
* 279 – French - 94&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 280 – Italy - CECP (same with euro: 1144|1144)
* 281 – Japan (Latin) - CECP
* 282 – Portugal - CECP
* 283 – Spain - 190&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 284 – Spain/Latin America - CECP (same with euro: 1145|1145)
* 285 – United Kingdom - CECP (same with euro: 1146|1146)
* 286 – Austria / Germany F.R. Alternate
* 287 – Denmark / Norway Alternate
* 288 – Finland / Sweden Alternate
* 289 – Spain Alternate
* 290 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended
* [[Code page 293|293]] – APL
* 297 – France (same with euro: 1147)&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 298 – Japan (Katakana)
* 300 – Japan (Kanji) DBCS (For JIS X 0213)
* [[Code page 310|310]] – Graphic Escape APL/TN
* 320 – Hungary
* 321 – Yugoslavia
* 322 – Turkey
* 330 – International #4
* [[Code page 351|351]] – GDDM default
* 352 – Printing and publishing option
* [[Code page 353|353]] – BCDIC-A
* [[Code page 355|355]] – PTTC/BCD standard option
* [[Code page 357|357]] – PTTC/BCD H option
* [[Code page 358|358]] – PTTC/BCD Correspondence option
* [[Code page 359|359]] – PTTC/BCD Monocase option
* [[Code page 360|360]] – PTTC/BCD Duocase option
* 361 – EBCDIC Publishing International
* 363 – Symbols, set 8
* 382 – EBCDIC Publishing Austria, Germany F.R. Alternate
* 383 – EBCDIC Publishing Belgium
* 384 – EBCDIC Publishing Brazil
* 385 – EBCDIC Publishing Canada (French)
* 386 – EBCDIC Publishing Denmark, Norway
* 387 – EBCDIC Publishing Finland, Sweden
* 388 – EBCDIC Publishing France
* 389 – EBCDIC Publishing Italy
* 390 – EBCDIC Publishing Japan (Latin)
* 391 – EBCDIC Publishing Portugal
* 392 – EBCDIC Publishing Spain, Philippines
* 393 – EBCDIC Publishing Latin America (Spanish Speaking)
* 394 – EBCDIC Publishing China (Hong Kong), UK, Ireland
* 395 – EBCDIC Publishing Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada (English)
* 410 – Cyrillic (revisions: 880, 1025, 1154)
* 420 – Arabic
* 421 – Maghreb/French
* 423 – Greek (superseded by 875)
* 424 – Hebrew (Bulletin Code)
* 425 – Arabic / Latin for OS/390 Open Edition
* 435 – Teletext Isomorphic
* 500 – International #5 (ECECP; supersedes 256) (same with euro: 1148)
* 803 – Hebrew Character Set A (Old Code)
* 829 – Host Math Symbols- Publishing
* 833 – Korean Extended (SBCS)
* 834 – Korean Hangul (KSC5601; DBCS with UDCs)
* 835 – Traditional Chinese DBCS
* 836 – Simplified Chinese Extended
* 837 – Simplified Chinese DBCS
* 838 – Thai with Low Marks &amp; Accented Characters (same with euro: 1160)
* 839 – Thai DBCS
* 870 – Latin 2 (same with euro: 1153) (revision: 1110)
* 871 – Iceland (same with euro: 1149)&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 875 – Greek (supersedes 423)
* 880 – Cyrillic (revision of 410) (revisions: 1025, 1154)
* 881 – United States - 5080 Graphics System
* 882 – United Kingdom - 5080 Graphics System
* 883 – Sweden - 5080 Graphics System
* 884 – Germany - 5080 Graphics System
* 885 – France - 5080 Graphics System
* 886 – Italy - 5080 Graphics System
* 887 – Japan - 5080 Graphics System
* 888 – France AZERTY - 5080 Graphics System
* 889 – Thailand
* 890 – Yugoslavia
* 892 – EBCDIC, OCR A
* 893 – EBCDIC, OCR B
* 905 – Latin 3
* 918 – Urdu Bilingual
* 924 – Latin 9
* 930 – Japan MIX (290 + 300) (same with euro: 1390)
* 931 – Japan MIX (37 + 300)
* 933 – Korea MIX (833 + 834) (same with euro: 1364)
* 935 – Simplified Chinese MIX (836 + 837) (same with euro: 1388)
* 937 – Traditional Chinese MIX (37 + 835) (same with euro: 1371)
* 939 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300) (same with euro: 1399)
* 1001 – MICR
* 1002 – EBCDIC DCF Release 2 Compatibility
* 1003 – EBCDIC DCF, US Text subset
* 1005 – EBCDIC Isomorphic Text Communication
* 1007 – EBCDIC Arabic (XCOM2)
* 1024 – EBCDIC T.61
* 1025 – Cyrillic, Multilingual (same with euro: 1154) (Revision of 880)
* 1026 – EBCDIC Turkey (Latin 5) (same with euro: 1155) (supersedes 905 in that country)
* 1027 – Japanese (Latin) Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended)
* 1028 – EBCDIC Publishing Hebrew
* 1030 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended
* 1031 – Japanese (Latin) Extended
* 1032 – MICR, E13-B Combined
* 1033 – MICR, CMC-7 Combined
* 1037 – Korea - 5080/6090 Graphics System
* 1039 – GML Compatibility
* 1047 – Latin 1/Open Systems&lt;!-- C/370 variant of codepage 37, which takes into account the encoding of brackets that was inherited from the 3270 display system --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 1068 – DCF Compatibility
* 1069 – Latin 4
* 1070 – USA / Canada Version 0 ([[Code page 37 Version 0)
* 1071 – Germany F.R. / Austria
* 1073 – Brazil
* 1074 – Denmark, Norway
* 1075 – Finland, Sweden
* 1076 – Italy
* 1077 – Japan (Latin)
* 1078 – Portugal
* 1079 – Spain / Latin America Version 0 ([[Code page 284 Version 0)
* 1080 – United Kingdom
* 1081 – France Version 0 ([[Code page 297 Version 0)
* 1082 – Israel (Hebrew)
* 1083 – Israel (Hebrew)
* 1084 – International #5 Version 0 ([[Code page 500 Version 0)
* 1085 – Iceland
* 1087 – Symbol Set
* 1091 – Modified Symbols, Set 7
* {{anchor|CP1093}} 1093 – IBM Logo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Code Page CPGID 01093 (pdf)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708031831/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-08|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1097 – Farsi Bilingual
* 1110 – Latin 2 (Revision of 870)
* 1112 – Baltic Multilingual (same with euro: 1156)
* 1113 – Latin 6
* 1122 – Estonia (same with euro: 1157)
* 1123 – Cyrillic, Ukraine (same with euro: 1158)
* 1130 – Vietnamese (same with euro: 1164)
* 1132 – Lao EBCDIC
* 1136 – Hitachi Katakana
* 1137 – Devanagari EBCDIC
* 1140 – USA, Canada, etc. ECECP (same without euro: 37) (Traditional Chinese version: 1159)
* 1141 – Austria, Germany ECECP (same without euro: 273)
* 1142 – Denmark, Norway ECECP (same without euro: 277)
* 1143 – Finland, Sweden ECECP (same without euro: 278)
* 1144 – Italy ECECP (same without euro: 280)
* 1145 – Spain, Latin America (Spanish) ECECP (same without euro: 284)
* 1146 – UK ECECP (same without euro: 285)
* 1147 – France ECECP with euro (same without euro: 297)
* 1148 – International ECECP with euro (same without euro: 500)
* 1149 – Icelandic ECECP with euro (same without euro: 871)
* 1150 – Korean Extended with box characters
* 1151 – Simplified Chinese Extended with box characters
* 1152 – Traditional Chinese Extended with box characters
* 1153 – Latin 2 Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 870)
* 1154 – Cyrillic, Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 1025; an older version is * 1166)
* 1155 – Turkey with euro (same without euro: 1026)
* 1156 – Baltic Multi with euro (same without euro: 1112)
* 1157 – Estonia with euro (same without euro: 1122)
* 1158 – Cyrillic, Ukraine with euro (same without euro: 1123)
* 1159 – T-Chinese EBCDIC (Traditional Chinese euro update of * 1140)
* 1160 – Thai with Low Marks &amp; Accented Characters with euro (same without euro: 838)
* 1164 – Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: 1130)
* 1165 – Latin 2/Open Systems
* 1166 – Cyrillic Kazakh
* 1278 – EBCDIC Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding
* 1279 – Hitachi Japanese Katakana Host&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt;
* 1303 – EBCDIC Bar Code 
* 1364 – Korea MIX (833 + 834 + euro) (same without euro: 933)
* 1371 – Traditional Chinese MIX (1159 + 835) (same without euro: 937)
* 1376 – Traditional Chinese DBCS Host extension for HKSCS
* 1377 – Mixed Host HKSCS Growing (37 + 1376)
* 1388 – Simplified Chinese MIX (same without euro: 935) (836 + 837 + euro)
* 1390 – Simplified Chinese MIX Japan MIX (same without euro: 930) (290 + 300 + euro)
* 1399 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300 + euro) (same without euro: 939)
{{div col end}}

=== DOS code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[PC DOS]] operating system. These code pages were originally embedded directly in the [[text mode]] hardware of the graphic adapters used with the [[IBM PC]] and its clones, including the original MDA and CGA adapters whose character sets could only be changed by physically replacing a ROM chip that contained the font.  The interface of those adapters (emulated by all later adapters such as VGA) was typically limited to single byte character sets with only 256 characters in each font/encoding (although VGA added partial support for slightly larger character sets).

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 301|301]] – IBM-PC Japan (Kanji) DBCS
* [[Code page 437|437]] – Original IBM PC hardware code page
* [[Code page 720|720]] – Arabic (Transparent ASMO)
* [[Code page 737|737]] – [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Code page 775|775]] – Latin-7
* [[Code page 808|808]] – Russian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 866|866]])
* [[Code page 848|848]] – Ukrainian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1125|1125]])
* [[Code page 849|849]] – Belorussian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1131|1131]])
* [[Code page 850|850]] – Latin-1
* [[Code page 851|851]] – Greek
* [[Code page 852|852]] – Latin-2
* [[Code page 853|853]] – Latin-3
* [[Code page 855|855]] – [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] (same with euro: [[Code page 872|872]])
* [[Code page 856|856]] – [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 857|857]] – Latin-5
* [[Code page 858|858]] – Latin-1 with [[euro]] symbol
* [[Code page 859|859]] – Latin-9
* [[Code page 860|860]] – [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* [[Code page 861|861]] – [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 862|862]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 863|863]] – [[French language|Canadian French]]
* [[Code page 864|864]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 865|865]] – [[Danish language|Danish]]/[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
* [[Code page 866|866]] – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian (same with euro: [[Code page 808|808]])
* [[Code page 867|867]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] + euro (based on CP862) (conflictive ID: NEC [[Kamenický encoding|Czech (Kamenický)]], which was created before this codepage)
* [[Code page 868|868]] – [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
* [[Code page 869|869]] – [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 872|872]] – Cyrillic with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 855|855]])
* [[Code page 874|874]] – Thai with Low Tone Marks &amp; Ancient Chars (conflictive ID with Windows 874; version with euro: [[Code page 1161|1161]] Windows version: is IBM [[Code page 1162|1162]])&lt;!-- Attention! Neither IBM 874 nor Windows 874 are rigorously the same as ISO 8859-11 / TIS 620-2533 ISO 8859-11 is probably IBM 873--&gt;
* [[Code page 876|876]] – OCR A
* [[Code page 877|877]] – OCR B
* [[Code page 878|878]] – [[KOI8-R]]
* [[Code page 891|891]] – Korean PC SBCS
* [[Code page 898|898]] – IBM-PC WP Multilingual
* [[Code page 899|899]] – IBM-PC Symbol
* [[Code page 903|903]] – Simplified Chinese PC SBCS
* [[Code page 904|904]] – Traditional Chinese PC SBCS
* [[Code page 906|906]] – International Set #5 3812/3820
* [[Code page 907|907]] – ASCII APL (3812)
* [[Code page 909|909]] – IBM-PC APL2 Extended
* [[Code page 910|910]] – IBM-PC APL2
* [[Code page 911|911]] – IBM-PC Japan #1
* [[Code page 926|926]] – Korean PC DBCS
* [[Code page 927|927]] – Traditional Chinese PC DBCS
* [[Code page 928|928]] – Simplified Chinese PC DBCS
* [[Code page 929|929]] – Thai PC DBCS
* [[Code page 932 (IBM)|932]] – IBM-PC Japan MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 301|301]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 932; Windows version is IBM 943)
* [[Code page 934|934]] – IBM-PC Korea MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 891|891]] + [[Code page 926|926]])
* [[Code page 936 (IBM)|936]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX (gb2312) (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 903|903]] + [[Code page 928|928]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 936; Windows version is IBM 1386)
* [[Code page 938|938]] – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese MIX (DOS/V, OS/2) ([[Code page 904|904]] + [[Code page 927|927]]) 
* [[Code page 942|942]] – IBM-PC Japan MIX (Japanese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1041|1041]] + [[Code page 301|301]])
* [[Code page 943|943]] – IBM-PC Japan OPEN ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 941|941]]) (Windows CP 932)
* [[Code page 944|944]] – IBM-PC Korea MIX (Korean SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1040|1040]] + [[Code page 926|926]])
* [[Code page 946|946]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese (Simplified Chinese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1042|1042]] + [[Code page 928|928]])
* [[Code page 948|948]] – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1043|1043]] + [[Code page 927|927]])
* [[Code page 949 (IBM)|949]] – Korean (Extended Wansung (ks_c_5601-1987)) ([[Code page 1088|1088]] + [[Code page 951|951]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 949 (Unified Hangul Code); Windows version is IBM 1363)
* [[Code page 951|951]] – Korean DBCS (IBM KS Code) (conflictive ID with Windows 951, a hack of Windows 950 with Unicode mappings for some PUA Unicode characters found in HKSCS, based on the file name)
* [[Code page 1034|1034]] – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #2
* [[Code page 1040|1040]] – Korean Extended 
* [[Code page 1041|1041]] – Japanese Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended)
* [[Code page 1042|1042]] – Simplified Chinese Extended 
* [[Code page 1043|1043]] – Traditional Chinese Extended
* [[Code page 1044|1044]] – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #1
* [[Code page 1046|1046]] – Arabic Extended (Euro)
* [[Code page 1086|1086]] – IBM-PC Japan #1
* [[Code page 1088|1088]] – Revised Korean (SBCS)
* [[Code page 1092|1092]] – IBM-PC Modified Symbols
* [[Code page 1098|1098]] – [[Persian language|Farsi]]
* [[Code page 1108|1108]] – DITROFF Base Compatibility
* [[Code page 1109|1109]] – DITROFF Specials Compatibility
* [[Code page 1115|1115]] – IBM-PC People's Republic of China
* [[Code page 1116|1116]] – Estonian
* [[Code page 1117|1117]] – Latvian
* [[Code page 1118|1118]] – Lithuanian (IBM's implementation of Lika's [[code page 774]])
* [[Code page 1119|1119]] – Lithuanian and Russian (IBM's implementation of Lika's [[code page 772]])
* [[Code page 1125|1125]] – Cyrillic, Ukrainian (same with euro: [[Code page 848|848]]) (IBM modifocation of [[RUSCII character set|RUSCII]])
* [[Code page 1127|1127]] – IBM-PC Arabic / French
* [[Code page 1131|1131]] – IBM-PC Data, Cyrillic, Belarusian (same with euro: [[Code page 849|849]])
* [[Code page 1139|1139]] – Japan Alphanumeric Katakana
* [[Code page 1161|1161]] – Thai with Low Tone Marks &amp; Ancient Chars with euro  (same without euro: [[Code page 874|874]])
* [[Code page 1167|1167]] – [[KOI8-RU]]
* [[Code page 1168|1168]] – [[KOI8-U]]
* [[Code page 1300|1300]] – ANSI [PTS-DOS 6.70, not 6.51]
* [[Code page 1370|1370]] – Traditional Chinese MIX ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]]) ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 947|947]] + euro) (same without euro: [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1380|1380]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GB PC-DATA (DBCS PC IBM GB 2312-80)
* [[Code page 1381|1381]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese ([[Code page 1115|1115]] + [[Code page 1380|1380]])
* [[Code page 1393|1393]] – Japanese JIS X 0213 DBCS
* [[Code page 1394|1394]] – IBM-PC Japan (JIS X 0213) ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 1393|1393]])
{{div col end}}

When dealing with older hardware, protocols and file formats, it is often necessary to support these code pages, but newer encoding systems, in particular Unicode, are encouraged for new designs.

DOS code pages are typically stored in .CPI files.&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elliott_2006_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AEB_2001_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Haralambous_2007_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_1991_PR&quot;/&gt;

=== IBM AIX code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[AIX]] operating system. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO, such as UNIX-like operating systems.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 367|367]] – 7-bit US-ASCII
* [[Code page 371|371]] – 7-bit US-ASCII APL
* [[Code page 806|806]] – ISCII
* [[Code page 813|813]] – [[ISO 8859-7]]
* [[Code page 819|819]] – [[ISO 8859-1]]
* [[Code page 895|895]] – 7-bit Japan Latin
* [[Code page 896|896]] – 7-bit Japan Katakana Extended
* [[Code page 901|901]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-13]] with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 921|921]])
* [[Code page 902|902]] – ISO Estonian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 922|922]])
* [[Code page 912|912]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-2]]
* [[Code page 913|913]] – [[ISO 8859-3]]
* [[Code page 914|914]] – [[ISO 8859-4]]
* [[Code page 915|915]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-5]]
* [[Code page 916|916]] – [[ISO 8859-8]]
* [[Code page 919|919]] – [[ISO 8859-10]]
* [[Code page 920|920]] – [[ISO 8859-9]]
* [[Code page 921|921]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-13]] (same with euro: [[Code page 901|901]])
* [[Code page 922|922]] – ISO Estonian (same with euro: [[Code page 902|902]])
* [[Code page 923|923]] – [[ISO 8859-15]]
* [[Code page 952|952]] – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0208
* [[Code page 953|953]] – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0212
* [[Code page 954|954]] – EUC Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 955|955]] – TCP Japanese, JIS X 0208-1978
* [[Code page 956|956]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 957|957]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 955|955]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 958|958]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 959|959]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 955|955]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 960|960]] – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Primary Set (1st plane)
* [[Code page 961|961]] – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Full Set + IBM Select + UDC
* [[Code page 963|963]] – Traditional Chinese TCP, CNS 11643 plane 2 only
* [[Code page 964|964]] – EUC Traditional Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 960|960]] + [[Code page 961|961]])
* [[Code page 965|965]] – TCP Traditional Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 960|960]] + [[Code page 963|963]])
* [[Code page 970|970]] – EUC Korean ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 971|971]])
* [[Code page 971|971]] – EUC Korean DBCS (G1, KSC 5601 1989 (including 188 UDC))
* [[Code page 1006|1006]] – ISO 8-bit Urdu
* [[Code page 1008|1008]] – ISO 8-bit Arabic 
* [[Code page 1009|1009]] – 7-bit ISO IRV
* [[Code page 1010|1010]] – 7-bit France
* [[Code page 1011|1011]] – 7-bit Germany F.R.
* [[Code page 1012|1012]] – 7-bit Italy
* [[Code page 1013|1013]] – 7-bit United Kingdom
* [[Code page 1014|1014]] – 7-bit Spain
* [[Code page 1015|1015]] – 7-bit Portugal
* [[Code page 1016|1016]] – 7-bit Norway
* [[Code page 1017|1017]] – 7-bit Denmark
* [[Code page 1018|1018]] – 7-bit Finland/Sweden
* [[Code page 1019|1019]] – 7-bit Netherlands
* [[Code page 1029|1029]] – Arabic Extended
* [[Code page 1036|1036]] – CCITT T.61
* [[Code page 1089|1089]] – [[ISO 8859-6]]
* [[Code page 1111|1111]] – [[ISO 8859-2]]
* [[Code page 1124|1124]] – ISO Ukrainian, similar to [[ISO 8859-5]]
* [[Code page 1129|1129]] – ISO Vietnamese (same with euro: [[Code page 1163|1163]])
* [[Code page 1133|1133]] – ISO Lao
* [[Code page 1163|1163]] – ISO Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1129|1129]])
* [[Code page 1350|1350]] – EUC Japanese (JISeucJP) ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 1382|1382]] – EUC Simplified Chinese (DBCS PC GB 2312-80)
* [[Code page 1383|1383]] – EUC Simplified Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 1382|1382]])
{{div col end}}

Code page 819 is identical to Latin-1, [[ISO/IEC 8859-1]], and with slightly-modified commands, permits MS-DOS machines to use that encoding. It was used with IBM AS/400 minicomputers.

=== IBM OS/2 code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[DOS#DOS under OS.2F2 and Windows|OS/2]] operating system.
* [[Code page 1004|1004]] – Latin-1 Extended, Desk Top Publishing/Windows&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_CP1004&quot;/&gt;

=== Windows emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Microsoft Windows]] character sets. Most of these code pages have the same number as Microsoft code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. Some code pages, though, are new from IBM, not devised by Microsoft.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 897|897]] – IBM-PC SBCS Japanese (JIS X 0201-1976)
* [[Code page 941|941]] – IBM-PC Japanese DBCS for Open environment
* [[Code page 947|947]] – IBM-PC DBCS for ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]])
* [[Code page 950|950]] – Traditional Chinese MIX ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]]) ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 947|947]]) (same with euro: [[Code page 1370|1370]])
* [[Code page 1114|1114]] – IBM-PC SBCS (Simplified Chinese; [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]]; Traditional Chinese; [[Big5|Big5 encoding]])
* [[Code page 1126|1126]] – IBM-PC Korean SBCS
* [[Code page 1162|1162]] – Windows Thai (Extension of [[Code page 874|874]]; but still called that in Windows)
* [[Code page 1169|1169]] – Windows Cyrillic Asian
* [[Code page 1174|1174]] – Windows Kazakh&lt;ref name=&quot;Kazakh_1174&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --&gt;
* [[Code page 1250|1250]] – Windows [[Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 1251|1251]] – Windows [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 1252|1252]] – Windows [[Western Europe|Western]]
* [[Code page 1253|1253]] – Windows [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 1254|1254]] – Windows [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 1255|1255]] – Windows [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 1256|1256]] – Windows [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 1257|1257]] – Windows [[Baltic languages|Baltic]]
* [[Code page 1258|1258]] – Windows [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]]
* [[Code page 1361|1361]] – Korean ([[JOHAB]])
* [[Code page 1362|1362]] – Korean Hangul DBCS
* [[Code page 1363|1363]] – Windows Korean ([[Code page 1126|1126]] + [[Code page 1362|1362]]) (Windows CP 949)
* [[Code page 1372|1372]] – IBM-PC MS T Chinese [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] (Special for DB2)
* [[Code page 1373|1373]] – Windows Traditional Chinese (extension of [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1374|1374]] – IBM-PC DB [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] extension for HKSCS
* [[Code page 1375|1375]] – Mixed [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] extension for HKSCS (intended to match [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1385|1385]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese DBCS (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.)
* [[Code page 1386|1386]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GBK ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 1385|1385]]) (Windows CP 936)
* [[Code page 1391|1391]] – Simplified Chinese 4 Byte (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.)
* [[Code page 1392|1392]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX ([[Code page 1252|1252]] + [[Code page 1385|1385]] + [[Code page 1391|1391]])
{{div col end}}

=== Macintosh emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the Apple [[Macintosh]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1275|1275]] – Apple Roman
* [[Code page 1280|1280]] – Apple Greek
* [[Code page 1281|1281]] – Apple Turkish
* [[Code page 1282|1282]] – Apple Central European
* [[Code page 1283|1283]] – Apple Cyrillic
* [[Code page 1284|1284]] – Apple Croatian
* [[Code page 1285|1285]] – Apple Romanian
* [[Code page 1286|1286]] – Apple Icelandic
{{div col end}}

=== Adobe emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1038|1038]] – Adobe Symbol Encoding
* [[Code page 1276|1276]] – Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding
* [[Code page 1277|1277]] – Adobe (PostScript) Latin 1
{{div col end}}

=== HP emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1050|1050]] – HP Roman Extension
* [[Code page 1051|1051]] – HP Roman-8
* [[Code page 1052|1052]] – HP Gothic Legal
* [[Code page 1053|1053]] – HP Gothic-1 (almost the same as [[ISO 8859-1]])
* [[Code page 1054|1054]] – HP ASCII
* [[Code page 1055|1055]] – HP PC-Line
* [[Code page 1056|1056]] – HP Line Draw
* [[Code page 1057|1057]] – HP PC-8 (almost the same as [[code page 437]])
* [[Code page 1058|1058]] – HP PC-8DN ('''not''' the same as [[code page 865]])
* [[Code page 1351|1351]] – Japanese DBCS HP character set
* [[Code page 5039|5039]] – Japanese MIX ([[Code page 1041|1041]] + [[Code page 1351|1351]])
{{div col end}}

=== DEC emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1020|1020]] – 7-bit Canadian (French) NRC Set
* [[Code page 1021|1021]] – 7-bit Switzerland NRC Set
* [[Code page 1023|1023]] – 7-bit Spanish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1090|1090]] – Special Characters and Line Drawing Set
* [[Multinational Character Set|1100]] – DEC Multinational
* [[Code page 1101|1101]] – 7-bit British NRC Set
* [[Code page 1102|1102]] – 7-bit Dutch NRC Set
* [[Code page 1103|1103]] – 7-bit Finnish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1104|1104]] – 7-bit French NRC Set
* [[Code page 1105|1105]] – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1106|1106]] – 7-bit Swedish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1107|1107]] – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Alternate
* [[Code Page 1287|1287]] – DEC Greek
* [[Code Page 1288|1288]] – DEC Turkish
{{div col end}}

=== IBM Unicode code pages ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1200|1200]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]]) with IBM [[Private Use Area]] (PUA)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|title=IBM Coded Character Set Identifier (CCSID)|website=IBM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126030417/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|archive-date=2009-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Code page 1201|1201]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1202|1202]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]]) with IBM PUA&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1203|1203]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1208|1208]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode with IBM PUA&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1209|1209]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1400|1400]] – ISO 10646 UCS-BMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1401|1401]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1402|1402]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SIP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1414|1414]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SSP (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1445|1445]] – IBM AFP PUA No. 1
* [[Code page 1446|1446]] – ISO 10646 [[UCS-PUP15]] (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1447|1447]] – ISO 10646 [[UCS-PUP16]] (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1448|1448]] – UCS-BMP (Generic UDC)
* [[Code page 1449|1449]] – IBM default PUA
{{div col end}}

== Microsoft code pages ==
{{main|Windows code page}}

=== Windows code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft in its own Windows operating system. Microsoft defined [[windows code pages|a number of code pages]] known as the ANSI code pages (as the first one, 1252 was based on an [[apocrypha]]l ANSI draft of what became [[ISO 8859-1]]). Code page 1252 is built on ISO 8859-1 but uses the range 0x80-0x9F for extra printable characters rather than the C1 control codes used in ISO-8859-1. Some of the others are based in part on other parts of [[ISO 8859]] but often rearranged to make them closer to 1252.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1162|874]] – Windows [[Thai script|Thai]]
* [[Code page 1250|1250]] – Windows [[Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 1251|1251]] – Windows [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 1252|1252]] – Windows [[Western Europe|Western]]
* [[Code page 1253|1253]] – Windows [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 1254|1254]] – Windows [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 1255|1255]] – Windows [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 1256|1256]] – Windows [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 1257|1257]] – Windows [[Baltic languages|Baltic]]
* [[Code page 1258|1258]] – Windows [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]]
{{div col end}}

Microsoft recommends new applications use UTF-8 or UCS-2/UTF-16 instead of these code pages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepages&quot;/&gt;

=== DBCS code pages ===
These code pages represent [[DBCS]] character encodings for various CJK languages. In Microsoft operating systems, these are used as both the &quot;OEM&quot; and &quot;Windows&quot; code page for the applicable locale.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)|932]] – Supports [[Japanese writing system|Japanese]] [[Shift-JIS]]
* [[Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)|936]] – Supports [[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]] [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]]
* [[Unified Hangul Code|949]] – Supports [[Hangul|Korean]] Unified Hangul Code
* [[Code page 950|950]] – Supports [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]] [[Big5]]
{{div col end}}

=== MS-DOS code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft in its MS-DOS operating system. Microsoft refers to these as the OEM code pages because they were defined by the [[original equipment manufacturer]]s who licensed MS-DOS for distribution with their hardware, not by Microsoft or a standards organization. Most of these code pages have the same number as the equivalent IBM code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. There are minimum differences&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM&quot;/&gt; in some code pages from IBM and Microsoft.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 708|708]] – Arabic (ASMO 708)
* [[Code page 709|709]] – Arabic ([[Code page ASMO449+|ASMO 449+]]/BCON V4)&lt;!-- not sure if available in any DOS --&gt;
* [[Code page 710|710]] – Arabic (Transparent Arabic)&lt;!-- not sure if available in any DOS --&gt;
* [[Code page 720|720]] – Arabic (Transparent ASMO)
* [[Code page 737|737]] – [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Code page 850|850]] – Latin-1
* [[Code page 851|851]] – Greek
* [[Code page 852|852]] – Latin-2
* [[Code page 855|855]] – [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 857|857]] – Latin-5
* [[Code page 858|858]] – Latin-1 with [[euro]] symbol
* [[Code page 859|859]] – Latin-9
* [[Code page 860|860]] – [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* [[Code page 861|861]] – [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 862|862]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 863|863]] – [[French language|Canadian French]]
* [[Code page 864|864]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 865|865]] – [[Danish language|Danish]]/[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
* [[Code page 866|866]] – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian
* [[Code page 869|869]] – [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
{{div col end}}

=== Macintosh emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft when emulating the Apple [[Macintosh]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 10000|10000]] - Apple [[Mac-Roman encoding|Macintosh Roman]]
* [[Code page 10001|10001]] - Apple Japanese
* [[Code page 10002|10002]] - Apple Traditional Chinese (Big5)
* [[Code page 10003|10003]] - Apple Korean
* [[Code page 10004|10004]] - Apple [[MacArabic encoding|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 10005|10005]] - Apple Hebrew
* [[Code page 10006|10006]] - Apple [[MacGreek encoding|Greek]]
* [[Code page 10007|10007]] - Apple [[MacCyrillic encoding|Macintosh Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 10008|10008]] - Apple Simplified Chinese (GB 2312)
* [[Code page 10010|10010]] - Apple [[MacRomanian encoding|Romanian]]
* [[Code page 10017|10017]] - Apple [[Macintosh Ukrainian encoding|Ukrainian]]
* [[Code page 10021|10021]] - Apple Thai
* [[Code page 10029|10029]] - Apple [[Macintosh Central European encoding|Macintosh Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 10079|10079]] - Apple [[Mac Icelandic encoding|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 10081|10081]] - Apple [[MacTurkish encoding|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 10082|10082]] - Apple [[MacCroatian encoding|Croatian]]
{{div col end}}

=== Various other Microsoft code pages ===
The following code page numbers are specific to Microsoft Windows. IBM may use different numbers for these code pages. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO,{{huh|date=July 2020}} such as UNIX-like operating systems.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 20000|20000]] – Traditional Chinese CNS
* [[Code page 20001|20001]] – Traditional Chinese TCA
* [[Code page 20002|20002]] – Traditional Chinese ETEN
* [[Code page 20003|20003]] – Traditional Chinese IBM5500
* [[Code page 20004|20004]] – Traditional Chinese TeleText
* [[Code page 20005|20005]] – Traditional Chinese Wang
* [[Code page 20105|20105]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] [[ISO-646-IRV|IRV]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20105&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5 --&gt;
* [[Code page 20106|20106]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] German (DIN 66003)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20106&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-German --&gt;
* [[Code page 20107|20107]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] Swedish (SEN 850200 C)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20107&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Swedish --&gt;
* [[Code page 20108|20108]] - 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] Norwegian (NS 4551-2)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20108&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Norwegian --&gt;
* [[Code page 20127|20127]] – 7-bit [[US-ASCII]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20127&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate --&gt;
* [[Code page 20261|20261]] – [[ITU T.61|CCITT T.61]]
* [[Code page 20269|20269]] – [[ISO 6937]]
* [[Code page 20273|20273]]
* [[Code page 20277|20277]]
* [[Code page 20278|20278]]
* [[Code page 20284|20284]]
* [[Code page 20285|20285]]
* [[Code page 20290|20290]]
* [[Code page 20297|20297]]
* [[Code page 20420|20420]]
* [[Code page 20423|20423]]
* [[Code page 20424|20424]]
* [[Code page 20833|20833]]
* [[Code page 20838|20838]]
* [[Code page 20866|20866]] – [[KOI8-R]]
* [[Code page 20871|20871]]
* [[Code page 20880|20880]]
* [[Code page 20905|20905]]
* [[Code page 20924|20924]]
* [[Code page 20932|20932]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 1350? --&gt;
* [[Code page 20936|20936]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 1381? --&gt;
* [[Code page 20949|20949]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 949? --&gt;
* [[Code page 21025|21025]]
* [[Code page 21027|21027]]
* [[Code page 21866|21866]] – [[KOI8-U]]
* [[Code page 28591|28591]] – [[ISO-8859-1]]
* [[Code page 28592|28592]] – [[ISO-8859-2]]
* [[Code page 28593|28593]] – [[ISO-8859-3]]
* [[Code page 28594|28594]] – [[ISO-8859-4]]
* [[Code page 28595|28595]] – [[ISO-8859-5]]
* [[Code page 28596|28596]] – [[ISO-8859-6]]
* [[Code page 28597|28597]] – [[ISO-8859-7]]
* [[Code page 28598|28598]] – [[ISO-8859-8]]
* [[Code page 28599|28599]] – [[ISO-8859-9]]
* [[Code page 28600|28600]] – [[ISO-8859-10]]
* [[Code page 28601|28601]] – [[ISO-8859-11]]
* [[Code page 28602|28602]] – not used (reserved for [[ISO-8859-12]])
* [[Code page 28603|28603]] – [[ISO-8859-13]]
* [[Code page 28604|28604]] – [[ISO-8859-14]]
* [[Code page 28605|28605]] – [[ISO-8859-15]]
* [[Code page 28606|28606]] – [[ISO-8859-16]]
* [[Code page 38596|38596]] – [[ISO-8859-6]]&lt;!-- similar to CP28596 --&gt;
* [[Code page 38598|38598]] – [[ISO-8859-8]]&lt;!-- similar to CP28598 --&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Microsoft Unicode code pages ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1200|1200]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])
* [[Code page 1201|1201]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])
* [[Code page 12000|12000]] – [[UTF-32LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])
* [[Code page 12001|12001]] – [[UTF-32BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])
* [[Code page 65000|65000]] – [[UTF-7]] Unicode
* [[Code page 65001|65001]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode
* [[Code page 65520|65520]] – Empty Unicode Plane
{{div col end}}

== HP Symbol Sets ==
HP developed a series of Symbol Sets (each with its associated Symbol Set Code) to encode either its own character sets or other vendors’ character sets. They are normally 7-bit character sets which, when moved to the higher part and associated with the ASCII character set, make up 8-bit character sets.
&lt;!-- This list is not exhaustive --&gt;

=== HP own Symbol Sets ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Symbol Set 0E — HP Roman Extension — 7-bit character set with accented letters (coded by IBM as [[code page 1050]])
* Symbol Set 0G — HP 7-bit German
* Symbol Set 0L — HP Line Draw (coded by IBM as [[code page 1056]])
* Symbol Set 0M — HP Math-7
* Symbol Set 0T — HP Thai-8
* Symbol Set 1S — HP 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 1U — HP 7-bit Gothic Legal (coded by IBM as [[code page 1052]])
* Symbol Set 4Q — 7-bit PC Line (coded by IBM as [[code page 1055]])
* Symbol Set 4U — [[HP Roman#HP Roman-9|HP Roman-9]] — Roman-8 + €
* Symbol Set 7J — HP Desktop
* Symbol Set 7S — HP 7-bit European Spanish
* Symbol Set 8E — HP East-8&lt;!-- Check if my source (http://www.cestina.cz/kodovani/) is not mistaken and that this symbol set really exists --&gt;
* Symbol Set 8G — HP Greek-8 (based on IR 088; not on ELOT 927)
* Symbol Set 8H — HP Hebrew-8
* Symbol Set 8I — MS LineDraw (ASCII + HP PC Line)
* Symbol Set 8K — HP Kana-8 (ASCII + Japanese Katakana)
* Symbol Set 8L — HP LineDraw (ASCII + HP Line Draw)
* Symbol Set 8M — HP Math-8 (ASCII + HP Math-8)
* Symbol Set 8R — HP Cyrillic-8&lt;!-- (ASCII + GOST 13052? KOI-8?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 8S — HP 7-bit Latin American Spanish
* Symbol Set 8T — HP Turkish-8
* Symbol Set 8U — [[HP Roman#HP Roman-8|HP Roman-8]] (ASCII + HP Roman Extension; coded by IBM as [[code page 1051]])
* Symbol Set 8V — HP Arabic-8&lt;!-- Contradictory sources about &quot;Arabic-8&quot;; http://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Printer-Software-and-Drivers/Arabic-fonts-on-Network-Printers/td-p/2231625 and http://printronix.com/emea/wp-content/uploads/manuals/PTX_PRM_ACA_P8_258187a.pdf --&gt;
* Symbol Set 9K — HP Korean-8&lt;!-- (ASCII + Jamo Code Table?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 9T — PC 8T (also known as Code Page 437-T; this is '''not''' [[code page 857]])
* Symbol Set 9V — Latin / Arabic for Windows (this is '''not''' [[code page 1256]])
* Symbol Set 11U — PC 8D/N (also known as Code Page 437-N; coded by IBM as [[code page 1058]]; this is '''not''' [[code page 865]])
* Symbol set 14G — PC-8 Greek Alternate (also known as Code Page 437-G; almost the same as [[code page 737]])
* Symbol Set 18K —&lt;!-- HP Korea-15? Korean; based on KS X 1001 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 18T —&lt;!-- HP ROC-15? Traditional Chinese; based on Big5 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 19C —&lt;!-- HP PRC-15? Simplified Chinese; based on GB 2312 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 19K —&lt;!-- HP Japan-15? Japanese; based on Shift-JIS; coded by IBM as [[code page 5039]] --&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Symbol Sets from other vendors ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Symbol Set 0D — ISO 60: 7-bit Norwegian
* Symbol Set 0F — ISO 25: 7-bit French
* Symbol Set 0H — HP 7-bit Hebrew — Practically the same as Israeli Standard [[SI 960]]
* Symbol Set 0I — ISO 15: 7-bit Italian
* Symbol Set 0K — ISO 14: 7-bit Japanese Katakana
* Symbol Set 0N — ISO 8859-1 Latin 1 (Initially called &quot;Gothic-1&quot;; coded by IBM as code page 1052)
* Symbol Set 0R — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1986 version — IR 111)
* Symbol Set 0S — ISO 11: 7-bit Swedish
* Symbol Set 0U — ISO 6: 7-bit U.S.
* Symbol Set 0V — Arabic&lt;!-- 7-bit or 8-bit? ASMO 449? --&gt;
* Symbol Set 1D — ISO 61: 7-bit Norwegian
* Symbol Set 1E — ISO 4: 7-bit U. K.
* Symbol Set 1F — ISO 69: 7-bit French
* Symbol Set 1G — ISO 21: 7-bit German
* Symbol Set 1K — ISO 13: 7-bit Japanese Latin
* Symbol Set 1T — Windows Thai (Practically the same as [[code page 1162|874]])
* Symbol Set 2K — ISO 57: 7-bit Simplified Chinese Latin
* Symbol Set 2N — ISO 8859-2 Latin 2
* Symbol Set 2S — ISO 17: 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 2U — ISO 2: 7-bit International Reverence Version
* Symbol Set 3N — ISO 8859-3 Latin 3
* Symbol Set 3R — PC-866 Russia (Practically the same as [[code page 866]])
* Symbol Set 3S — ISO 10: 7-bit Swedish
* Symbol Set 4N — ISO 8859-4 Latin 4
* Symbol Set 4S — ISO 16: 7-bit Portuguese
* Symbol Set 5M — PS Math Symbol (Practically the same as [[Adobe Symbols]])
* Symbol Set 5N — ISO 8859-9 Latin 5
* Symbol Set 5S — ISO 84: 7-bit Portuguese
* Symbol Set 5T — Windows 3.1 Latin-5 (Practically the same as [[code page 1254]])
* Symbol Set 6J — Microsoft Publishing
* Symbol Set 6M — Ventura Math
* Symbol Set 6N — ISO 8859-10 Latin 6
* Symbol Set 6S — ISO 85: 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 7H — ISO 8859-8 Latin/Hebrew
* Symbol Set 9E — Windows 3.1 Latin 2 (Practically the same as [[code page 1250]])
* Symbol Set 9G — Windows 98 Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 1253]])
* Symbol Set 9J — PC 1004
* Symbol Set 9L — Ventura ITC Zapf Dingbats
* Symbol Set 9N — ISO 8859-15 Latin 9
* Symbol Set 9R — Windows 98 Cyrillic (Practically the same as [[code page 1251]])
* Symbol Set 9U — Windows 3.0
* Symbol Set 10G — PC-851 Latin/Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 851]])
* Symbol Set 10J — PS Text (Practically the same as [[PostScript Standard Encoding|Adobe Standard]])
* Symbol Set 10L — PS ITC Zapf Dingbats (Practically the same as [[Adobe Dingbats]])
* Symbol Set 10N — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1988 version — IR 144)
* Symbol Set 10R — PC-855 Cyrillic (Practically the same as [[code page 855]])
* Symbol Set 10T — Teletex&lt;!-- (CCITT T.61?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 10U — PC-8 (Practically the same as [[code page 437]]; coded by IBM as [[code page 1057]])
* Symbol Set 10V — CP-864 (Practically the same as [[code page 864]])
* Symbol Set 11G — CP-869 (Practically the same as [[code page 869]])
* Symbol Set 11J — PS ISO Latin-1 (Practically the same as [[Adobe Latin-1]])
* Symbol Set 11N — ISO 8859-6 Latin/Arabic
* Symbol Set 12G — PC Latin/Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 737]])
* Symbol Set 12J — MC Text (Practically the same as [[Mac OS Roman|Macintosh Roman]])
* Symbol Set 12N — ISO 8859-7 Latin/Greek
* Symbol Set 12R — PC Gost (Practically the same as [[PC GOST Main character set|PC GOST Main]])
* Symbol Set 12U — PC-850 Latin 1 (Practically the same as [[code page 850]])
* Symbol Set 13J — Ventura International
* Symbol Set 13R — PC Bulgarian (Practically the same as [[MIK (character set)|MIK]])
* Symbol Set 13U — PC-858 Latin 1 + € (Practically the same as [[code page 858]])
* Symbol Set 14J — Ventura U. S.
* Symbol Set 14L — Windows Dingbats
* Symbol Set 14P — ABICOMP International (Practically the same as [[ABICOMP character set|ABICOMP]])
* Symbol Set 14R — PC Ukrainian (Practically the same as [[RUSCII]])
* Symbol Set 15H — PC-862 Israel (Practically the same as [[code page 862]])
* Symbol Set 16U — PC-857 Latin 5 (Practically the same as [[code page 857]])
* Symbol Set 17U — PC-852 Latin 2 (Practically the same as [[code page 852]])
* Symbol Set 18N — [[UTF-8]]
* Symbol Set 18U — PC-853 Latin 3 (Practically the same as [[code page 853]])
* Symbol Set 19L — Windows 98 Baltic (Practically the same as [[code page 1257]])
* Symbol Set 19M — Windows Symbol
* Symbol Set 19U — Windows 3.1 Latin 1 (Practically the same as [[code page 1252]])
* Symbol Set 20U — PC-860 Portugal (Practically the same as [[code page 860]])
* Symbol Set 21U — PC-861 Iceland (Practically the same as [[code page 861]])
* Symbol Set 23U — PC-863 Canada - French (Practically the same as [[code page 863]])
* Symbol Set 24Q — PC-Polish Mazowia (Practically the same as [[Mazovia encoding]])
* Symbol Set 25U — PC-865 Denmark/Norway (Practically the same as [[code page 865]])
* Symbol Set 26U — PC-775 Latin 7 (Practically the same as [[code page 775]])
* Symbol Set 27Q — PC-8 PC Nova (Practically the same as [[code page 999|PC Nova]])
* Symbol Set 27U — PC Latvian Russian (also known as 866-Latvian)
* Symbol Set 28U — PC Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as [[code page 774]])
* Symbol Set 29U — PC-772 Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as [[code page 772]])
{{div col end}}

== Code pages from other vendors ==
These code pages are independent assignments by third party vendors. Since the original IBM PC code page ([[code page 437|number 437]]) was not really designed for international use, several partially compatible country or region specific variants emerged.

These code pages number assignments are '''not official''' neither by IBM, neither by Microsoft and almost none of them is referred as a usable character set by IANA. The numbers assigned to these code pages are arbitrary and may clash to registered numbers in use by IBM or Microsoft. Some of them may predate codepage switching being added in DOS 3.3.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 100|100]] – DOS Hebrew hardware fontpage (Not from IBM; [[Hebrew MS-DOS|HDOS]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 111|111]] – DOS Greek (Not from IBM; [[AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 112|112]] – DOS Turkish (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 113|113]] – DOS Yugoslavian (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 151|151]] – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;!-- EPROM fontpage --&gt;
* [[Code page 152|152]] – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;!-- EPROM fontpage --&gt;
* [[Code page 161|161]] – DOS [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 162|162]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)
* [[Code page 163|163]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 164|164]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)
* [[Code page 165|165]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 166|166]] – IBM Arabic PC (ADOS)&lt;!-- hardware fontpage --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 210|210]] – DEC DOS Greek (NEC Jetmate printers)
* [[Code page 220|220]] – DEC DOS Spanish (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 489|489]] – Czechoslovakian [OCR software 1993]
* [[Code page 620|620]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- Fido Mazowia? Variant with characters &quot;Ć&quot; and &quot;ć&quot; in positions 80 and 87? --&gt;
* [[Code page 667|667]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- variant with the characters &quot;¢&quot;, &quot;„&quot; and &quot;&quot;&quot; in positions 9B, 9D and A9? --&gt;
* [[Code page 668|668]] – DOS Polish&lt;!--Different than Mazovia! --&gt; (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 707|707]] – MS-DOS Arabic Sakhr (Not from IBM; [[Sakhr Computers|Sakhr Software]] from [[MSX]] Computers)&lt;!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakr, below. --&gt;
* [[Code page 711|711]] – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha Enhanced (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 714|714]] – MS-DOS Arabic Sakr (Not from IBM)&lt;!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakhr, above. --&gt;
* [[Code page 715|715]] – MS-DOS Arabic APTEC (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 721|721]] – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha International (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 768|768]] – Arabic Al-Arabi (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 770|770]] – DOS Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian&lt;ref name=&quot;CP770&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian RST 1095-89 National Standard)
* [[Code page 771|771]] – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic — KBL&lt;ref name=&quot;CP771&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 772|772]] – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic&lt;ref name=&quot;CP772&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1284:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as [[code page 1119]])
* [[Code page 773|773]] – DOS Latin-7 — KBL (From Lithuanian Lika Software)
* [[Code page 774|774]] – DOS Lithuanian&lt;ref name=&quot;CP774&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1283:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as [[code page 1118]])
* [[Code page 775|775]] – DOS Latin-7 Baltic Rim (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1590-1 National Standard; adopted by IBM and Microsoft as [[code page 775]])
* [[Code page 776|776]] – DOS Lithuanian (extended CP770)&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 777|777]] – DOS Accented Lithuanian (old) (extended CP773) — KBL&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 778|778]] – DOS Accented Lithuanian (extended CP775)&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 790|790]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]]&lt;!-- Variant with the characters &quot;¢&quot;, &quot;„&quot; and &quot;&quot;&quot; in positions 9B, 9D and A9? From Lithuanian Lika Software? --&gt;
* [[Code page 854|854]] – Spanish&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan_1992_REF-DE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Cites the Hogan book for CP854 as well since 1995. No other source found so far. --&gt;
* [[Code page 881|881]] – Latin 1 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 881]])
* [[Code page 882|882]] – Latin 2 (ISO 8859-2) (Not from IBM; same as Code page 912; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 882]])
* [[Code page 883|883]] – Latin 3 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 883]])
* [[Code page 884|884]] – Latin 4 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 884]])
* [[Code page 885|885]] – Latin 5 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 885]])
* [[Code page 895|895]] – [[Kamenický encoding|Czech (Kamenický)]], (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP895 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Roman)
* [[Mazovia encoding|896]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP896 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Katakana)&lt;!-- Variant with the character &quot;zł&quot; in position 9B? --&gt;
* [[Code page 900|900]] – DOS Russian (Russian MS-DOS 5.0 LCD.CPI)
* [[ISO 8859-7|928]] – Greek (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Greek National Standard [[ISO 8859-7|ELOT 928]] (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP928 — Simplified Chinese PC DBCS)
* [[Code page 966|966]] – Saudi Arabian (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 991|991]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- Variant with the character &quot;zł&quot; in position 9B? --&gt;
* [[Code page 999|999]] – DOS Serbo-Croatian I (Not from IBM); also known as PC Nova and CroSCII; lower part is JUSI.B1.002, upper part is code page 437; supports [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] and [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] (Latin script)
* [[Code page 1001|1001]] – Arabic (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers) (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP1001 — MICR)
* [[Code page 1261|1261]] – Windows Korean IBM-1261 LMBCS-17, similar to [[Code page 1363|1363]]&lt;!--https://web.archive.org/web/20161220082724/https://fossies.org/dox/w32tex-src/ucnv__lmb_8c_source.html Isn't it, by any chance, a misprint of code page 1361 (Johab)? --&gt;
* [[Code page 1270|1270]] – Windows Sámi
* [[Code page 771|2001]] – Lithuanian KBL (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 771
* [[Code page 1116|3001]] – Estonian 1 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 1116
* [[Code page 922|3002]] – Estonian 2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 922
* [[Code page 437-Latvian|3011]] – Latvian 1 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 437-Latvian
* [[Code page 866-Latvian|3012]] – Latvian-2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 866-Latvian (Latvian RST 1040-90 National Standard)
* [[MIK (character set)|3021]] – Bulgarian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as MIK
* [[Code page 862|3031]] – Hebrew (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 862
* 3041 – Maltese (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as [[ISO 646]] Maltese
* 3840 – IBM-Russian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); nearly the same as [[CP 866]]
* 3841 – Gost-Russian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); [[KOI-8|GOST 13052]] plus characters for Central Asian languages
* [[Mazovia encoding|3843]] – Polish (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Mazovia
* [[Kamenický encoding|3844]] – CS2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Kamenický
* [[CWI-2|3845]] – Hungarian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as CWI
* 3846 – Turkish (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as PC-8 Turkish + old Turkish Lira sign (Tʟ) at code point A8
* [[BraSCII|3847]] – Brazil-ABNT (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as the Brazilian National Standard NBR-9614:1986&lt;!-- I am still investigating if BraSCII is the same as ISO 8859-1 or not --&gt;
* [[ABICOMP character set|3848]] – Brazil-ABICOMP (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as ABICOMP
* 3850 – Standard KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3860 – Rajvitee KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3861 – Microwiz KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3863 – STD988 TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* 3864 – Popular TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* 3865 – Newsic TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* (number missing) – [[CWI-2]] (for DOS) supports [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
* (number missing) – [[MIK (character set)|MIK]] (for DOS) supports [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
* (number missing) – DOS Serbo-Croatian II; supports [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] and [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] (Latin script)
* (number missing) — Russian [[Alternative code page (Russian)|Alternative code page]] (for DOS); this is the origin for IBM [[CP 866]]
{{div col end}}

== {{anchor|0|999|57344|61439|65280|65533|65534|65535}}List of code page assignments ==
{{Expand_list|date=July 2014}}
List of known code page assignments (incomplete):

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;float:center;&quot;
! ID !! Names !! Description !! Origin !! Platform !! DOS !! OS/2 !! Windows !! Mac !! Else !! Encoding !! Comment
|-
| 0 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || || Internal OS use&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
|-
| 437 || CP437, IBM437 || PC US || IBM&lt;ref name=&quot;CP437&quot;/&gt; || IBM PC || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || Yes || ? || Yes || 8-bit [[SBCS]] ||
|-
| 57344&amp;nbsp;- 61439 || N/A || Private use derivations || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page derivations (E000h-EFFFh)
|-
| 65280&amp;nbsp;- 65533 || N/A || Private use definitions || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page definitions (FF00h-FFFDh)
|-
| 65534 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || ? || ? || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFEh)
|-
| 65535 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFFh)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
|}

== Criticism ==
Many older character encodings (unlike Unicode) suffer from several problems. Some code page vendors insufficiently document the meaning of all code point values, which decreases the reliability of handling textual data through various computer systems consistently. Some vendors add proprietary extensions to some code pages to add or change certain code point values; for example, byte 0x5C in [[Shift JIS]] can represent either a [[back slash]] or a yen [[Currency sign (typography)|currency symbol]] depending on the platform. Finally, in order to support several languages in a program that does not use Unicode, the code page used for each string/document needs to be stored.

Due to Unicode's extensive documentation, vast repertoire of characters and stability policy of characters, the problems listed above are rarely a concern for Unicode. Applications may also mislabel text in [[Windows-1252]] as [[ISO-8859-1]]. Fortunately, the only difference between these code pages is that the code point values used by ISO-8859-1 for control characters are instead used as additional printable characters in Windows-1252. Since control characters have no function in HTML, web browsers tend to use Windows-1252 rather than ISO-8859-1. In HTML5, treating ISO-8859-1 as Windows-1252 is even codified as standard. Later, UTF-8 has succeeded both encodings in terms of popularity on the Internet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics_UTF-8&quot;/&gt;

== {{anchor|Private use|User-definable}}Private code pages ==
When, early in the history of personal computers, users did not find their character encoding requirements met, private or local code pages were created using [[Terminate and Stay Resident]] utilities or by re-programming [[BIOS]] [[EPROM]]s. In some cases, unofficial code page numbers were invented (e.g. CP895).

When more diverse character set support became available most of those code pages fell into disuse, with some exceptions such as the [[Kamenický encoding|Kamenický]] or KEYBCS2 encoding for the [[Czech alphabet|Czech]] and [[Slovak alphabet|Slovak]] alphabets. Another character set is [[Iran System encoding standard]] that was created by Iran System corporation for [[Persian language]] support. This standard was in use in Iran in DOS-based programs and after introduction of Microsoft code page 1256 this standard became obsolete. However some Windows and DOS programs using this encoding are still in use and some Windows fonts with this encoding exist.

In order to overcome such problems, the [[IBM Character Data Representation Architecture]] level 2 specifically reserves ranges of code page IDs for user-definable and private-use assignments. Whenever such code page IDs are used, the user must not assume that the same functionality and appearance can be reproduced in another system configuration or on another device or system unless the user takes care of this specifically.
The code page range 57344-61439 ({{Mono|E000h}}-{{Mono|EFFFh}}) is officially reserved for user-definable code pages (or actually CCSIDs in the context of [[IBM CDRA]]), whereas the range 65280-65533 ({{Mono|FF00h}}-{{Mono|FFFDh}}) is reserved for any user-definable &quot;private use&quot; assignments.
For example, a non-registered custom variant of code page 437 ({{Mono|1B5h}}) or 28591 ({{Mono|6FAF}}) could become 57781 ({{Mono|E1B5h}}) or 61359 ({{Mono|EFAFh}}), respectively, in order to avoid potential conflicts with other assignments and maintain the sometimes existing internal numerical logic in the assignments of the original code pages. An unregistered private code page not based on an existing code page, a device specific code page like a printer font, which just needs a logical handle to become addressable for the system, a frequently changing download font, or a code page number with a symbolic meaning in the local environment could have an assignment in the private range like 65280 ({{Mono|FF00h}}).

The code page IDs 0, 65534 ({{Mono|FFFEh}}) and 65535 ({{Mono|FFFFh}}) are reserved for internal use by operating systems such as DOS and must not be assigned to any specific code pages.

== See also ==
* [[Windows code page]]
* [[Character encoding]]
* [[CCSID]] IBM's official &quot;code page&quot; definitions and assignments
* [[Codepage sniffing]]
* [[Unicode]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL&quot;&gt;[http://www.pclviewer.com/resources/pcl_symbolset.html Printer Command Language Symbol Sets]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL-Symbol&quot;&gt;[http://pclhelp.com/pcl-symbol-sets/ HP Symbol Sets]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL5&quot;&gt;[http://h10032.www1.hp.com/ctg/Manual/bpl13206.pdf PCL5 Camparison Guide]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepage-ID&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v=vs.85%29.aspx#Code |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |website=microsoft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;
{{Cite book |title=The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2 |author-first1=Ray |author-last1=Duncan |author-first2=Steve |author-last2=Bostwick |author-first3=Keith |author-last3=Burgoyne |author-first4=Robert A. |author-last4=Byers |author-first5=Thom |author-last5=Hogan |author-first6=Jim |author-last6=Kyle |author-first7=Gordon |author-last7=Letwin |author-link7=Gordon Letwin |author-first8=Charles |author-last8=Petzold |author-link8=Charles Petzold |author-first9=Chip |author-last9=Rabinowitz |author-first10=Jim |author-last10=Tomlin |author-first11=Richard |author-last11=Wilton |author-first12=Van |author-last12=Wolverton |author-first13=William |author-last13=Wong |author-first14=JoAnne |author-last14=Woodcock |contribution=Technical advisors |contributor-first1=Mark |contributor-last1=Zbikowski |contributor-link1=Mark Zbikowski |contributor-first2=Paul |contributor-last2=Allen |contributor-link2=Paul Allen |contributor-first3=Steve |contributor-last3=Ballmer |contributor-link3=Steve Ballmer |contributor-first4=Reuben |contributor-last4=Borman |contributor-first5=Rob |contributor-last5=Borman |contributor-first6=John |contributor-last6=Butler |contributor-first7=Chuck |contributor-last7=Carroll |contributor-first8=Mark |contributor-last8=Chamberlain |contributor-first9=David |contributor-last9=Chell |contributor-first10=Mike |contributor-last10=Colee |contributor-first11=Mike |contributor-last11=Courtney |contributor-first12=Mike |contributor-last12=Dryfoos |contributor-first13=Rachel |contributor-last13=Duncan |contributor-first14=Kurt |contributor-last14=Eckhardt |contributor-first15=Eric |contributor-last15=Evans |contributor-first16=Rick |contributor-last16=Farmer |contributor-first17=Bill |contributor-last17=Gates |contributor-link17=Bill Gates |contributor-first18=Michael |contributor-last18=Geary |contributor-first19=Bob |contributor-last19=Griffin |contributor-first20=Doug |contributor-last20=Hogarth |contributor-first21=James W. |contributor-last21=Johnson |contributor-first22=Kaamel |contributor-last22=Kermaani |contributor-first23=Adrian |contributor-last23=King |contributor-first24=Reed |contributor-last24=Koch |contributor-first25=James |contributor-last25=Landowski |contributor-first26=Chris |contributor-last26=Larson |contributor-first27=Thomas |contributor-last27=Lennon |contributor-first28=Dan |contributor-last28=Lipkie |contributor-first29=Marc |contributor-last29=McDonald |contributor-link29=Marc McDonald |contributor-first30=Bruce |contributor-last30=McKinney |contributor-first31=Pascal |contributor-last31=Martin |contributor-first32=Estelle |contributor-last32=Mathers |contributor-first33=Bob |contributor-last33=Matthews &lt;!-- |contributor-link33=Robert Matthews (scientist)??? --&gt; |contributor-first34=David |contributor-last34=Melin |contributor-first35=Charles |contributor-last35=Mergentime |contributor-first36=Randy |contributor-last36=Nevin |contributor-first37=Dan |contributor-last37=Newell |contributor-first38=Tani |contributor-last38=Newell |contributor-first39=David |contributor-last39=Norris |contributor-first40=Mike |contributor-last40=O'Leary |contributor-first41=Bob |contributor-last41=O'Rear |contributor-link41=Bob O'Rear |contributor-first42=Mike |contributor-last42=Olsson |contributor-first43=Larry |contributor-last43=Osterman |contributor-first44=Ridge |contributor-last44=Ostling |contributor-first45=Sunil |contributor-last45=Pai |contributor-first46=Tim |contributor-last46=Paterson |contributor-link46=Tim Paterson |contributor-first47=Gary |contributor-last47=Perez |contributor-first48=Chris |contributor-last48=Peters |contributor-first49=Charles |contributor-last49=Petzold |contributor-link49=Charles Petzold |contributor-first50=John |contributor-last50=Pollock |contributor-first51=Aaron |contributor-last51=Reynolds |contributor-link51=Aaron R. Reynolds |contributor-first52=Darryl |contributor-last52=Rubin |contributor-first53=Ralph |contributor-last53=Ryan |contributor-first54=Karl |contributor-last54=Schulmeisters |contributor-first55=Rajen |contributor-last55=Shah |contributor-first56=Barry |contributor-last56=Shaw |contributor-first57=Anthony |contributor-last57=Short |contributor-first58=Ben |contributor-last58=Slivka |contributor-first59=Jon |contributor-last59=Smirl |contributor-first60=Betty |contributor-last60=Stillmaker |contributor-first61=John |contributor-last61=Stoddard |contributor-first62=Dennis |contributor-last62=Tillman |contributor-first63=Greg |contributor-last63=Whitten |contributor-first64=Natalie |contributor-last64=Yount |contributor-first65=Steve |contributor-last65=Zeck |date=1988 |edition=Completely reworked |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |location=Redmond, Washington, USA |isbn=1-55615-049-0 |id={{ISBN|978-1-55615-049-4}} |lccn=87-21452 |oclc=16581341}} [https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/] (xix+1570 pages; 26&amp;nbsp;cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors.)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files |type=CPI.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.30 |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip&lt;!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older version of CPI.LST --&gt; |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Elliott_2006_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |title=CPI file format |date=2006-10-14 |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165307/http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;AEB_2001_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=CPI fonts |author-first=Andries Evert |author-last=Brouwer |author-link=Andries Evert Brouwer |date=2001-02-10 |version=0.2 |url=https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165133/https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Haralambous_2007_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Fonts &amp; Encodings |author-first=Yannis |author-last=Haralambous |translator-first=P. Scott |translator-last=Horne |location=Sebastopol, California, USA |publisher=[[O'Reilly Media, Inc.]] |date=September 2007 |edition=1 |isbn=978-0-596-10242-5 |id={{ISBN|0-596-10242-9}} |pages=601–602, 611}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_1991_PR&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=MS-DOS Programmer's Reference |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |date=1991 |isbn=1-55615-329-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781556153297}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_i_EBCDIC&quot;&gt;[http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/i/software/globalization/codepages.html IBM i Globalization - EBCDIC Code Pages]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;SAP_CP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://help.sap.com/abapdocu_70/en/ABENCODEPAGE_GLOSRY.htm |title=Code Page |work=sap.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12032_01/doc/epm.921/html_esb_dbag/glossary.htm#1009960 |title=Glossary |work=oracle.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_VT510&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=VT510 Video Terminal Programmer Information |at=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |publisher=[[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://www.vt100.net/docs/vt510-rm/chapter7.html#S7.1 |access-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[ISO]] character sets, which conform to the structure and rules of [[ISO 2022]], the [[VT510]] supports a number of IBM PC code pages ([[page number]]s in IBM's standard character set manual) in [[PCTerm]] mode to emulate the [[console terminal]] of industry-standard PCs.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_1994_Codepage&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=VT520/VT525 Video Terminal Programmer Information |chapter=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |date=July 1994 |page=7-1 |id=EK-VT520-RM. A01 |publisher=[[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |access-date=2017-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215184432/http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[ISO]] character sets the [[VT520]] supports a number of IBM PC code pages (which refer to [[page number]]s in IBM's standard character set manual) in [[PCTerm]] mode to emulate the [[console terminal]] of industry-standard PCs.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Overview on DOS, OS/2, and Windows codepages |type=CODEPAGE.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.59 preliminary |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip&lt;!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older preliminary version of CODEPAGE.LST --&gt; |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan_1992_REF-DE&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Die PC-Referenz für Programmierer |language=German |author-first=Thom |author-last=Hogan |edition=2 |date=1992 |publisher=Systhema Verlag GmbH |isbn=3-89390-272-4}} (NB. This book is the German translation of &quot;The Programmer's PC Sourcebook&quot; by Microsoft Press. It mentions the code page ID 854 for Spain.&lt;!-- To be checked: Do English version and other editions of this book contain 854 as well? --&gt;)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_CP1004&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Codepage 1004 - Windows Extended |publisher=[[IBM]] |date=2001 |url=http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |access-date=2018-05-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513184106/http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |archive-date=2018-05-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;VGA-Programming&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.osdever.net/FreeVGA/vga/vgatext.htm |title=VGA/SVGA Video Programming--VGA Text Mode Operation |website=osdever.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;&gt;{{cite |title=xlate - Transliterate Contents of Records |publisher=[[IBM Corporation]] |orig-year=1986 |date=2010 |url=http://vm.marist.edu/%7Epipeline/bhelp/ACH0275.html |access-date=2016-10-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepages&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd317752.aspx |title=Code Pages |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |website=microsoft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM&quot;&gt;[https://github.com/pentaho/pentaho-reporting/tree/master/libraries/libfonts/encodings/VENDORS/IBM]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=Microsoft|work=[[Microsoft Developer Network]] |date=2014 |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756(v=vs.85).aspx |access-date=2016-06-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619132819/https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v%3Dvs.85%29.aspx |archive-date=2016-06-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Web Encodings - Internet Explorer - Encodings |date=2012-10-23 |work=WHATWG Wiki |url=https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620184648/https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20105&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Western European (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183843/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20106&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=German (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183739/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20107&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Swedish (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183231/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20108&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Norwegian (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183449/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20127&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=US-ASCII encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620192058/http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;&gt;{{cite |title=Technical info on undocumented DOS country info for LCASE, ARAMODE and CCTORC records |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2002-09-05 |publisher=FreeDOS development list fd-dev at Topica |url=http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |access-date=2016-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527142512/http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |archive-date=2016-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Ralf D. |author-last=Brown |author-link=Ralf D. Brown |title=The x86 Interrupt List |title-link=Ralf Brown's Interrupt List |version=61 |date=2002-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &amp;mdash; Tips &amp;amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-07-30 |edition=3 |version=Release 157 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |access-date=2012-01-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522014302/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |archive-date=22 May 2016 }} (NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on [[Novell DOS 7]] and [[OpenDOS 7.01]], including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger MPDOSTIP.ZIP collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the NWDOSTIP.TXT file.)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &amp;mdash; Tips &amp;amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-04-09 |edition=3 |version=Release 183 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;&gt;[http://www.likit.lt/indexw.php Changed its name to &quot;Likit&quot;. Went out of business?]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP770&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/770.htm |title=770}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP771&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/771.htm |title=771}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP772&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/772.htm |title=772}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP774&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/774.htm |title=774}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.star-m.jp/eng/service/usermanual/lc8021um.pdf |title=Star LC 8021 User's Manual}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP437&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=IBM |title=SBCS code page information document - CPGID 00437 |url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00437.html |access-date=2014-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/character_encoding/all |title=Usage Statistics of Character Encodings for Websites, (updated daily) |website=w3techs.com |access-date=2015-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics_UTF-8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://trends.builtwith.com/encoding/UTF-8 |title=UTF-8 Usage Statistics |website=trends.builtwith.com |access-date=2011-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/standartai/ra%C5%A1men%C5%B3-koduo%C4%8Di%C5%B3-standartai/ |title=lietuvybė.lt - Rašmenų koduotės |language=lt |trans-title=lietuvybė.lt - Character encodings}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Kazakh_1174&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/G01BQVRV|title=Character Data Representation Architecture}}&lt;!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ibm.com/software/globalization/cdra/glossary.jsp#SPTGLCDPG IBM CDRA glossary]
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205110331/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/g11n-res.html|date=2016-02-05|title=IBM code pages}}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906204346/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp_es.jsp|date=2009-09-06|title=IBM code pages by encoding scheme}}
* [http://site.icu-project.org/charts/charset IBM/ICU Charset Information]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers Microsoft Code Page Identifiers] (Microsoft's list contains only code pages actively used by normal apps on Windows. See also [https://web.archive.org/web/20040225223721/http://www.sharmahd.com/tm/codepages.html Torsten Mohrin's list] for the full list of supported code pages)
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023050917/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964654|date=2012-10-23|title=Shorter Microsoft list containing only the ANSI and OEM code pages but with links to more detail on each}}
* [http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/codepages.html Character Sets And Code Pages At The Push Of A Button]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chcp Microsoft Chcp command: Display and set the console active code page]

{{character encoding}}

[[Category:Character encoding]]</text>
      <sha1>ghg8l48kd2y7scjl1x3439q25220qw4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088417</id>
      <parentid>4088416</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T02:50:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alexlatham96</username>
        <id>377450</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="89643" xml:space="preserve">{{Dewikify}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020|cs1-dates=y}}
In [[computing]], a '''code page''' is a [[character encoding]] and as such it is a specific association of a set of printable [[character (computing)|character]]s and [[control character]]s with unique numbers. Typically each number represents the binary value in a single byte. (In some contexts these terms are used more precisely; see [[w:Character encoding#Character sets, character maps and code pages]].)

The term &quot;code page&quot; originated from [[IBM]]'s [[EBCDIC]]-based mainframe systems,&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_i_EBCDIC&quot;/&gt; but [[Microsoft]], [[SAP AG|SAP]],&lt;ref name=&quot;SAP_CP&quot;/&gt; and [[Oracle Corporation]]&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;/&gt; are among the few vendors which use this term. The majority of vendors identify their own character sets by a name. In the case when there is a plethora of character sets (like in IBM), identifying character sets through a number is a convenient way to distinguish them. Originally, the code page numbers referred to the [[page number|''page'' number]]s in the IBM standard character set manual,&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_VT510&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_1994_Codepage&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt; a condition which has not held for a long time. Vendors that use a code page system allocate their own code page number to a character encoding, even if it is better known by another name; for example, [[UTF-8]] has been assigned page numbers 1208 at IBM, 65001 at Microsoft, and 4110 at SAP.

[[Hewlett-Packard]] uses a similar concept in its [[HP-UX]] operating system and its [[Printer Command Language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL&quot;/&gt; (PCL) protocol for printers (either for HP printers or not). The terminology, however, is different: What others call a ''character set'', HP calls a ''symbol set'', and what IBM or Microsoft call a ''code page'', HP calls a ''symbol set code''. HP developed a series of symbol sets,&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL-Symbol&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL5&quot;/&gt; each with an associated symbol set code, to encode both its own character sets and other vendors’ character sets.

The multitude of character sets leads many vendors to recommend [[Unicode]].

== The code page numbering system ==
IBM introduced the concept of systematically assigning a small, but globally unique, 16 bit number to each character encoding that a computer system or collection of computer systems might encounter. The IBM origin of the numbering scheme is reflected in the fact that the smallest (first) numbers are assigned to variations of IBM's EBCDIC encoding and slightly larger numbers refer to variations of IBM's [[extended ASCII]] encoding as used in its PC hardware.

With the release of [[PC DOS]] version 3.3 (and the near identical [[MS-DOS]] 3.3) IBM introduced the code page numbering system to regular PC users, as the code page numbers (and the phrase &quot;code page&quot;) were used in new commands to allow the character encoding used by all parts of the OS to be set in a systematic way.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia&quot;/&gt;

After IBM and Microsoft ceased to cooperate in the 1990s, the two companies have maintained the list of assigned code page numbers independently from each other, resulting in some conflicting assignments. At least one third-party vendor ([[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]]) also has its own different list of numeric assignments.&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;/&gt; IBM's current assignments are listed in their [[CCSID]] repository, while Microsoft's assignments are documented within the [[MSDN]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepage-ID&quot;/&gt; Additionally, a list of the names and approximate IANA ([[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]]) abbreviations for the installed code pages on any given Windows machine can be found in the Registry on that machine (this information is used by Microsoft programs such as [[Internet Explorer]]).

Most well-known code pages, excluding those for the [[CJK]] languages and [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]],&lt;!-- not using CJKV here because this applies to the modern romanised Vietnamese --&gt; fit all their code-points into eight bits and do not involve anything more than mapping each code-point to a single character; furthermore, techniques such as combining characters, complex scripts, etc., are not involved.

The text mode of standard ([[VGA-compatible text mode|VGA-compatible]]) PC graphics hardware is built around using an 8-bit code page, though it is possible to use two at once with some color depth sacrifice, and up to eight may be stored in the display adaptor for easy switching.&lt;ref name=&quot;VGA-Programming&quot;/&gt; There was a selection of third-party code page fonts that could be loaded into such hardware. However, it is now commonplace for operating system vendors to provide their own character encoding and rendering systems that run in a graphics mode and bypass this hardware limitation entirely.  However the system of referring to character encodings by a code page number remains applicable, as an efficient alternative to string identifiers such as those specified by the IETF and IANA for use in various protocols such as e-mail and web pages.

=== Relationship to ASCII ===
The majority of code pages in current use are supersets of [[ASCII]], a 7-bit code representing 128 control codes and printable characters. In the distant past, 8-bit implementations of the ASCII code set the top bit to zero or used it as a [[parity bit]] in network data transmissions. When the top bit was made available for representing character data, a total of 256 characters and control codes could be represented. Most vendors (including IBM) used this extended range to encode characters used by various languages and graphical elements that allowed the imitation of primitive graphics on text-only output devices. No formal standard existed for these &quot;extended ASCII character sets&quot; and vendors referred to the variants as code pages, as IBM had always done for variants of EBCDIC encodings.

=== Relationship to Unicode ===
Unicode is an effort to include all characters from all currently and historically used human languages into single character enumeration (effectively one large single code page), removing the need to distinguish between different code pages when handling digitally stored text. Unicode tries to retain backwards compatibility with many legacy code pages, copying some code pages 1:1 in the design process. An explicit design goal of Unicode was to allow round-trip conversion between all common legacy code pages, although this goal has not always been achieved.
Some vendors, namely IBM and Microsoft, have anachronistically assigned code page numbers to Unicode encodings. This convention allows code page numbers to be used as metadata to identify the correct decoding algorithm when encountering binary stored data.

==IBM code pages==
=== EBCDIC-based code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its EBCDIC character sets for [[IBM mainframe|mainframe computers]].
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* 1 – USA WP, Original
* 2 – USA
* 3 – USA Accounting, Version A
* 4 – USA
* 5 – USA
* 6 – Latin America
* 7 – Germany F.R. / Austria
* 8 – Germany F.R.
* 9 – France, Belgium
* 10 – Canada (English)
* 11 – Canada (French)
* 12 – Italy
* 13 – Netherlands
* 14 –
* 15 – Switzerland (French)
* 16 – Switzerland (French / German)
* 17 – Switzerland (German)
* 18 – Sweden / Finland
* 19 – Sweden / Finland WP, version 2
* 20 – Denmark/Norway
* 21 – Brazil
* 22 – Portugal
* 23 – United Kingdom
* 24 – United Kingdom
* 25 – Japan (Latin)
* 26 – Japan (Latin)
* 27 – Greece (Latin)
* 28 –&lt;!-- Greece (Latin)??? --&gt;
* 29 – Iceland
* 30 – Turkey
* 31 – South Africa
* 32 – Czechoslovakia (Czech / Slovak)
* 33 – Czechoslovakia
* 34 – Czechoslovakia
* 35 – Romania
* 36 – Romania
* 37 – USA/Canada - CECP (same with euro: 1140|1140)
* 37-2 – The real 3279 APL codepage, as used by C/370. This is very close to 1047, except for caret and not-sign inverted. It is not officially recognized by IBM, even though SHARE has pointed out its existence.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 38 – USA ASCII
* 39 – United Kingdom / Israel
* 40 – United Kingdom
* 251 – China
* 252 – Poland
* 254 – Hungary
* 256 – International #1 (superseded by 500|500)
* 257 – International #2
* 258 – International #3
* 259 – Symbols, Set 7
* 260 – Canadian French - 116
* 264 – Print Train &amp; Text processing extended
* 273 – Germany F.R./Austria - CECP (same with euro: 1141|1141)
* 274 – Old Belgium Code Page
* 275 – Brazil - CECP
* 276 – Canada (French) - 94
* 277 – Denmark, Norway - CECP (same with euro: 1142|1142)
* 278 – Finland, Sweden - CECP (same with euro: 1143|1143)
* 279 – French - 94&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 280 – Italy - CECP (same with euro: 1144|1144)
* 281 – Japan (Latin) - CECP
* 282 – Portugal - CECP
* 283 – Spain - 190&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 284 – Spain/Latin America - CECP (same with euro: 1145|1145)
* 285 – United Kingdom - CECP (same with euro: 1146|1146)
* 286 – Austria / Germany F.R. Alternate
* 287 – Denmark / Norway Alternate
* 288 – Finland / Sweden Alternate
* 289 – Spain Alternate
* 290 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended
* [[Code page 293|293]] – APL
* 297 – France (same with euro: 1147)&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 298 – Japan (Katakana)
* 300 – Japan (Kanji) DBCS (For JIS X 0213)
* [[Code page 310|310]] – Graphic Escape APL/TN
* 320 – Hungary
* 321 – Yugoslavia
* 322 – Turkey
* 330 – International #4
* [[Code page 351|351]] – GDDM default
* 352 – Printing and publishing option
* [[Code page 353|353]] – BCDIC-A
* [[Code page 355|355]] – PTTC/BCD standard option
* [[Code page 357|357]] – PTTC/BCD H option
* [[Code page 358|358]] – PTTC/BCD Correspondence option
* [[Code page 359|359]] – PTTC/BCD Monocase option
* [[Code page 360|360]] – PTTC/BCD Duocase option
* 361 – EBCDIC Publishing International
* 363 – Symbols, set 8
* 382 – EBCDIC Publishing Austria, Germany F.R. Alternate
* 383 – EBCDIC Publishing Belgium
* 384 – EBCDIC Publishing Brazil
* 385 – EBCDIC Publishing Canada (French)
* 386 – EBCDIC Publishing Denmark, Norway
* 387 – EBCDIC Publishing Finland, Sweden
* 388 – EBCDIC Publishing France
* 389 – EBCDIC Publishing Italy
* 390 – EBCDIC Publishing Japan (Latin)
* 391 – EBCDIC Publishing Portugal
* 392 – EBCDIC Publishing Spain, Philippines
* 393 – EBCDIC Publishing Latin America (Spanish Speaking)
* 394 – EBCDIC Publishing China (Hong Kong), UK, Ireland
* 395 – EBCDIC Publishing Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada (English)
* 410 – Cyrillic (revisions: 880, 1025, 1154)
* 420 – Arabic
* 421 – Maghreb/French
* 423 – Greek (superseded by 875)
* 424 – Hebrew (Bulletin Code)
* 425 – Arabic / Latin for OS/390 Open Edition
* 435 – Teletext Isomorphic
* 500 – International #5 (ECECP; supersedes 256) (same with euro: 1148)
* 803 – Hebrew Character Set A (Old Code)
* 829 – Host Math Symbols- Publishing
* 833 – Korean Extended (SBCS)
* 834 – Korean Hangul (KSC5601; DBCS with UDCs)
* 835 – Traditional Chinese DBCS
* 836 – Simplified Chinese Extended
* 837 – Simplified Chinese DBCS
* 838 – Thai with Low Marks &amp; Accented Characters (same with euro: 1160)
* 839 – Thai DBCS
* 870 – Latin 2 (same with euro: 1153) (revision: 1110)
* 871 – Iceland (same with euro: 1149)&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 875 – Greek (supersedes 423)
* 880 – Cyrillic (revision of 410) (revisions: 1025, 1154)
* 881 – United States - 5080 Graphics System
* 882 – United Kingdom - 5080 Graphics System
* 883 – Sweden - 5080 Graphics System
* 884 – Germany - 5080 Graphics System
* 885 – France - 5080 Graphics System
* 886 – Italy - 5080 Graphics System
* 887 – Japan - 5080 Graphics System
* 888 – France AZERTY - 5080 Graphics System
* 889 – Thailand
* 890 – Yugoslavia
* 892 – EBCDIC, OCR A
* 893 – EBCDIC, OCR B
* 905 – Latin 3
* 918 – Urdu Bilingual
* 924 – Latin 9
* 930 – Japan MIX (290 + 300) (same with euro: 1390)
* 931 – Japan MIX (37 + 300)
* 933 – Korea MIX (833 + 834) (same with euro: 1364)
* 935 – Simplified Chinese MIX (836 + 837) (same with euro: 1388)
* 937 – Traditional Chinese MIX (37 + 835) (same with euro: 1371)
* 939 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300) (same with euro: 1399)
* 1001 – MICR
* 1002 – EBCDIC DCF Release 2 Compatibility
* 1003 – EBCDIC DCF, US Text subset
* 1005 – EBCDIC Isomorphic Text Communication
* 1007 – EBCDIC Arabic (XCOM2)
* 1024 – EBCDIC T.61
* 1025 – Cyrillic, Multilingual (same with euro: 1154) (Revision of 880)
* 1026 – EBCDIC Turkey (Latin 5) (same with euro: 1155) (supersedes 905 in that country)
* 1027 – Japanese (Latin) Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended)
* 1028 – EBCDIC Publishing Hebrew
* 1030 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended
* 1031 – Japanese (Latin) Extended
* 1032 – MICR, E13-B Combined
* 1033 – MICR, CMC-7 Combined
* 1037 – Korea - 5080/6090 Graphics System
* 1039 – GML Compatibility
* 1047 – Latin 1/Open Systems&lt;!-- C/370 variant of codepage 37, which takes into account the encoding of brackets that was inherited from the 3270 display system --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 1068 – DCF Compatibility
* 1069 – Latin 4
* 1070 – USA / Canada Version 0 ([[Code page 37 Version 0)
* 1071 – Germany F.R. / Austria
* 1073 – Brazil
* 1074 – Denmark, Norway
* 1075 – Finland, Sweden
* 1076 – Italy
* 1077 – Japan (Latin)
* 1078 – Portugal
* 1079 – Spain / Latin America Version 0 ([[Code page 284 Version 0)
* 1080 – United Kingdom
* 1081 – France Version 0 ([[Code page 297 Version 0)
* 1082 – Israel (Hebrew)
* 1083 – Israel (Hebrew)
* 1084 – International #5 Version 0 ([[Code page 500 Version 0)
* 1085 – Iceland
* 1087 – Symbol Set
* 1091 – Modified Symbols, Set 7
* {{anchor|CP1093}} 1093 – IBM Logo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Code Page CPGID 01093 (pdf)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708031831/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-08|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1097 – Farsi Bilingual
* 1110 – Latin 2 (Revision of 870)
* 1112 – Baltic Multilingual (same with euro: 1156)
* 1113 – Latin 6
* 1122 – Estonia (same with euro: 1157)
* 1123 – Cyrillic, Ukraine (same with euro: 1158)
* 1130 – Vietnamese (same with euro: 1164)
* 1132 – Lao EBCDIC
* 1136 – Hitachi Katakana
* 1137 – Devanagari EBCDIC
* 1140 – USA, Canada, etc. ECECP (same without euro: 37) (Traditional Chinese version: 1159)
* 1141 – Austria, Germany ECECP (same without euro: 273)
* 1142 – Denmark, Norway ECECP (same without euro: 277)
* 1143 – Finland, Sweden ECECP (same without euro: 278)
* 1144 – Italy ECECP (same without euro: 280)
* 1145 – Spain, Latin America (Spanish) ECECP (same without euro: 284)
* 1146 – UK ECECP (same without euro: 285)
* 1147 – France ECECP with euro (same without euro: 297)
* 1148 – International ECECP with euro (same without euro: 500)
* 1149 – Icelandic ECECP with euro (same without euro: 871)
* 1150 – Korean Extended with box characters
* 1151 – Simplified Chinese Extended with box characters
* 1152 – Traditional Chinese Extended with box characters
* 1153 – Latin 2 Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 870)
* 1154 – Cyrillic, Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 1025; an older version is * 1166)
* 1155 – Turkey with euro (same without euro: 1026)
* 1156 – Baltic Multi with euro (same without euro: 1112)
* 1157 – Estonia with euro (same without euro: 1122)
* 1158 – Cyrillic, Ukraine with euro (same without euro: 1123)
* 1159 – T-Chinese EBCDIC (Traditional Chinese euro update of * 1140)
* 1160 – Thai with Low Marks &amp; Accented Characters with euro (same without euro: 838)
* 1164 – Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: 1130)
* 1165 – Latin 2/Open Systems
* 1166 – Cyrillic Kazakh
* 1278 – EBCDIC Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding
* 1279 – Hitachi Japanese Katakana Host&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt;
* 1303 – EBCDIC Bar Code 
* 1364 – Korea MIX (833 + 834 + euro) (same without euro: 933)
* 1371 – Traditional Chinese MIX (1159 + 835) (same without euro: 937)
* 1376 – Traditional Chinese DBCS Host extension for HKSCS
* 1377 – Mixed Host HKSCS Growing (37 + 1376)
* 1388 – Simplified Chinese MIX (same without euro: 935) (836 + 837 + euro)
* 1390 – Simplified Chinese MIX Japan MIX (same without euro: 930) (290 + 300 + euro)
* 1399 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300 + euro) (same without euro: 939)
{{div col end}}

=== DOS code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[PC DOS]] operating system. These code pages were originally embedded directly in the [[text mode]] hardware of the graphic adapters used with the [[IBM PC]] and its clones, including the original MDA and CGA adapters whose character sets could only be changed by physically replacing a ROM chip that contained the font.  The interface of those adapters (emulated by all later adapters such as VGA) was typically limited to single byte character sets with only 256 characters in each font/encoding (although VGA added partial support for slightly larger character sets).

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 301|301]] – IBM-PC Japan (Kanji) DBCS
* [[Code page 437|437]] – Original IBM PC hardware code page
* [[Code page 720|720]] – Arabic (Transparent ASMO)
* [[Code page 737|737]] – [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Code page 775|775]] – Latin-7
* [[Code page 808|808]] – Russian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 866|866]])
* [[Code page 848|848]] – Ukrainian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1125|1125]])
* [[Code page 849|849]] – Belorussian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1131|1131]])
* [[Code page 850|850]] – Latin-1
* [[Code page 851|851]] – Greek
* [[Code page 852|852]] – Latin-2
* [[Code page 853|853]] – Latin-3
* [[Code page 855|855]] – [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] (same with euro: [[Code page 872|872]])
* [[Code page 856|856]] – [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 857|857]] – Latin-5
* [[Code page 858|858]] – Latin-1 with [[euro]] symbol
* [[Code page 859|859]] – Latin-9
* [[Code page 860|860]] – [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* [[Code page 861|861]] – [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 862|862]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 863|863]] – [[French language|Canadian French]]
* [[Code page 864|864]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 865|865]] – [[Danish language|Danish]]/[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
* [[Code page 866|866]] – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian (same with euro: [[Code page 808|808]])
* [[Code page 867|867]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] + euro (based on CP862) (conflictive ID: NEC [[Kamenický encoding|Czech (Kamenický)]], which was created before this codepage)
* [[Code page 868|868]] – [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
* [[Code page 869|869]] – [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 872|872]] – Cyrillic with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 855|855]])
* [[Code page 874|874]] – Thai with Low Tone Marks &amp; Ancient Chars (conflictive ID with Windows 874; version with euro: [[Code page 1161|1161]] Windows version: is IBM [[Code page 1162|1162]])&lt;!-- Attention! Neither IBM 874 nor Windows 874 are rigorously the same as ISO 8859-11 / TIS 620-2533 ISO 8859-11 is probably IBM 873--&gt;
* [[Code page 876|876]] – OCR A
* [[Code page 877|877]] – OCR B
* [[Code page 878|878]] – [[KOI8-R]]
* [[Code page 891|891]] – Korean PC SBCS
* [[Code page 898|898]] – IBM-PC WP Multilingual
* [[Code page 899|899]] – IBM-PC Symbol
* [[Code page 903|903]] – Simplified Chinese PC SBCS
* [[Code page 904|904]] – Traditional Chinese PC SBCS
* [[Code page 906|906]] – International Set #5 3812/3820
* [[Code page 907|907]] – ASCII APL (3812)
* [[Code page 909|909]] – IBM-PC APL2 Extended
* [[Code page 910|910]] – IBM-PC APL2
* [[Code page 911|911]] – IBM-PC Japan #1
* [[Code page 926|926]] – Korean PC DBCS
* [[Code page 927|927]] – Traditional Chinese PC DBCS
* [[Code page 928|928]] – Simplified Chinese PC DBCS
* [[Code page 929|929]] – Thai PC DBCS
* [[Code page 932 (IBM)|932]] – IBM-PC Japan MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 301|301]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 932; Windows version is IBM 943)
* [[Code page 934|934]] – IBM-PC Korea MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 891|891]] + [[Code page 926|926]])
* [[Code page 936 (IBM)|936]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX (gb2312) (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 903|903]] + [[Code page 928|928]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 936; Windows version is IBM 1386)
* [[Code page 938|938]] – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese MIX (DOS/V, OS/2) ([[Code page 904|904]] + [[Code page 927|927]]) 
* [[Code page 942|942]] – IBM-PC Japan MIX (Japanese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1041|1041]] + [[Code page 301|301]])
* [[Code page 943|943]] – IBM-PC Japan OPEN ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 941|941]]) (Windows CP 932)
* [[Code page 944|944]] – IBM-PC Korea MIX (Korean SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1040|1040]] + [[Code page 926|926]])
* [[Code page 946|946]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese (Simplified Chinese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1042|1042]] + [[Code page 928|928]])
* [[Code page 948|948]] – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1043|1043]] + [[Code page 927|927]])
* [[Code page 949 (IBM)|949]] – Korean (Extended Wansung (ks_c_5601-1987)) ([[Code page 1088|1088]] + [[Code page 951|951]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 949 (Unified Hangul Code); Windows version is IBM 1363)
* [[Code page 951|951]] – Korean DBCS (IBM KS Code) (conflictive ID with Windows 951, a hack of Windows 950 with Unicode mappings for some PUA Unicode characters found in HKSCS, based on the file name)
* [[Code page 1034|1034]] – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #2
* [[Code page 1040|1040]] – Korean Extended 
* [[Code page 1041|1041]] – Japanese Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended)
* [[Code page 1042|1042]] – Simplified Chinese Extended 
* [[Code page 1043|1043]] – Traditional Chinese Extended
* [[Code page 1044|1044]] – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #1
* [[Code page 1046|1046]] – Arabic Extended (Euro)
* [[Code page 1086|1086]] – IBM-PC Japan #1
* [[Code page 1088|1088]] – Revised Korean (SBCS)
* [[Code page 1092|1092]] – IBM-PC Modified Symbols
* [[Code page 1098|1098]] – [[Persian language|Farsi]]
* [[Code page 1108|1108]] – DITROFF Base Compatibility
* [[Code page 1109|1109]] – DITROFF Specials Compatibility
* [[Code page 1115|1115]] – IBM-PC People's Republic of China
* [[Code page 1116|1116]] – Estonian
* [[Code page 1117|1117]] – Latvian
* [[Code page 1118|1118]] – Lithuanian (IBM's implementation of Lika's [[code page 774]])
* [[Code page 1119|1119]] – Lithuanian and Russian (IBM's implementation of Lika's [[code page 772]])
* [[Code page 1125|1125]] – Cyrillic, Ukrainian (same with euro: [[Code page 848|848]]) (IBM modifocation of [[RUSCII character set|RUSCII]])
* [[Code page 1127|1127]] – IBM-PC Arabic / French
* [[Code page 1131|1131]] – IBM-PC Data, Cyrillic, Belarusian (same with euro: [[Code page 849|849]])
* [[Code page 1139|1139]] – Japan Alphanumeric Katakana
* [[Code page 1161|1161]] – Thai with Low Tone Marks &amp; Ancient Chars with euro  (same without euro: [[Code page 874|874]])
* [[Code page 1167|1167]] – [[KOI8-RU]]
* [[Code page 1168|1168]] – [[KOI8-U]]
* [[Code page 1300|1300]] – ANSI [PTS-DOS 6.70, not 6.51]
* [[Code page 1370|1370]] – Traditional Chinese MIX ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]]) ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 947|947]] + euro) (same without euro: [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1380|1380]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GB PC-DATA (DBCS PC IBM GB 2312-80)
* [[Code page 1381|1381]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese ([[Code page 1115|1115]] + [[Code page 1380|1380]])
* [[Code page 1393|1393]] – Japanese JIS X 0213 DBCS
* [[Code page 1394|1394]] – IBM-PC Japan (JIS X 0213) ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 1393|1393]])
{{div col end}}

When dealing with older hardware, protocols and file formats, it is often necessary to support these code pages, but newer encoding systems, in particular Unicode, are encouraged for new designs.

DOS code pages are typically stored in .CPI files.&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elliott_2006_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AEB_2001_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Haralambous_2007_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_1991_PR&quot;/&gt;

=== IBM AIX code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[AIX]] operating system. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO, such as UNIX-like operating systems.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 367|367]] – 7-bit US-ASCII
* [[Code page 371|371]] – 7-bit US-ASCII APL
* [[Code page 806|806]] – ISCII
* [[Code page 813|813]] – [[ISO 8859-7]]
* [[Code page 819|819]] – [[ISO 8859-1]]
* [[Code page 895|895]] – 7-bit Japan Latin
* [[Code page 896|896]] – 7-bit Japan Katakana Extended
* [[Code page 901|901]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-13]] with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 921|921]])
* [[Code page 902|902]] – ISO Estonian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 922|922]])
* [[Code page 912|912]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-2]]
* [[Code page 913|913]] – [[ISO 8859-3]]
* [[Code page 914|914]] – [[ISO 8859-4]]
* [[Code page 915|915]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-5]]
* [[Code page 916|916]] – [[ISO 8859-8]]
* [[Code page 919|919]] – [[ISO 8859-10]]
* [[Code page 920|920]] – [[ISO 8859-9]]
* [[Code page 921|921]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-13]] (same with euro: [[Code page 901|901]])
* [[Code page 922|922]] – ISO Estonian (same with euro: [[Code page 902|902]])
* [[Code page 923|923]] – [[ISO 8859-15]]
* [[Code page 952|952]] – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0208
* [[Code page 953|953]] – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0212
* [[Code page 954|954]] – EUC Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 955|955]] – TCP Japanese, JIS X 0208-1978
* [[Code page 956|956]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 957|957]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 955|955]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 958|958]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 959|959]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 955|955]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 960|960]] – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Primary Set (1st plane)
* [[Code page 961|961]] – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Full Set + IBM Select + UDC
* [[Code page 963|963]] – Traditional Chinese TCP, CNS 11643 plane 2 only
* [[Code page 964|964]] – EUC Traditional Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 960|960]] + [[Code page 961|961]])
* [[Code page 965|965]] – TCP Traditional Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 960|960]] + [[Code page 963|963]])
* [[Code page 970|970]] – EUC Korean ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 971|971]])
* [[Code page 971|971]] – EUC Korean DBCS (G1, KSC 5601 1989 (including 188 UDC))
* [[Code page 1006|1006]] – ISO 8-bit Urdu
* [[Code page 1008|1008]] – ISO 8-bit Arabic 
* [[Code page 1009|1009]] – 7-bit ISO IRV
* [[Code page 1010|1010]] – 7-bit France
* [[Code page 1011|1011]] – 7-bit Germany F.R.
* [[Code page 1012|1012]] – 7-bit Italy
* [[Code page 1013|1013]] – 7-bit United Kingdom
* [[Code page 1014|1014]] – 7-bit Spain
* [[Code page 1015|1015]] – 7-bit Portugal
* [[Code page 1016|1016]] – 7-bit Norway
* [[Code page 1017|1017]] – 7-bit Denmark
* [[Code page 1018|1018]] – 7-bit Finland/Sweden
* [[Code page 1019|1019]] – 7-bit Netherlands
* [[Code page 1029|1029]] – Arabic Extended
* [[Code page 1036|1036]] – CCITT T.61
* [[Code page 1089|1089]] – [[ISO 8859-6]]
* [[Code page 1111|1111]] – [[ISO 8859-2]]
* [[Code page 1124|1124]] – ISO Ukrainian, similar to [[ISO 8859-5]]
* [[Code page 1129|1129]] – ISO Vietnamese (same with euro: [[Code page 1163|1163]])
* [[Code page 1133|1133]] – ISO Lao
* [[Code page 1163|1163]] – ISO Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1129|1129]])
* [[Code page 1350|1350]] – EUC Japanese (JISeucJP) ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 1382|1382]] – EUC Simplified Chinese (DBCS PC GB 2312-80)
* [[Code page 1383|1383]] – EUC Simplified Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 1382|1382]])
{{div col end}}

Code page 819 is identical to Latin-1, [[ISO/IEC 8859-1]], and with slightly-modified commands, permits MS-DOS machines to use that encoding. It was used with IBM AS/400 minicomputers.

=== IBM OS/2 code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[DOS#DOS under OS.2F2 and Windows|OS/2]] operating system.
* [[Code page 1004|1004]] – Latin-1 Extended, Desk Top Publishing/Windows&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_CP1004&quot;/&gt;

=== Windows emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Microsoft Windows]] character sets. Most of these code pages have the same number as Microsoft code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. Some code pages, though, are new from IBM, not devised by Microsoft.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 897|897]] – IBM-PC SBCS Japanese (JIS X 0201-1976)
* [[Code page 941|941]] – IBM-PC Japanese DBCS for Open environment
* [[Code page 947|947]] – IBM-PC DBCS for ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]])
* [[Code page 950|950]] – Traditional Chinese MIX ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]]) ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 947|947]]) (same with euro: [[Code page 1370|1370]])
* [[Code page 1114|1114]] – IBM-PC SBCS (Simplified Chinese; [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]]; Traditional Chinese; [[Big5|Big5 encoding]])
* [[Code page 1126|1126]] – IBM-PC Korean SBCS
* [[Code page 1162|1162]] – Windows Thai (Extension of [[Code page 874|874]]; but still called that in Windows)
* [[Code page 1169|1169]] – Windows Cyrillic Asian
* [[Code page 1174|1174]] – Windows Kazakh&lt;ref name=&quot;Kazakh_1174&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --&gt;
* [[Code page 1250|1250]] – Windows [[Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 1251|1251]] – Windows [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 1252|1252]] – Windows [[Western Europe|Western]]
* [[Code page 1253|1253]] – Windows [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 1254|1254]] – Windows [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 1255|1255]] – Windows [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 1256|1256]] – Windows [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 1257|1257]] – Windows [[Baltic languages|Baltic]]
* [[Code page 1258|1258]] – Windows [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]]
* [[Code page 1361|1361]] – Korean ([[JOHAB]])
* [[Code page 1362|1362]] – Korean Hangul DBCS
* [[Code page 1363|1363]] – Windows Korean ([[Code page 1126|1126]] + [[Code page 1362|1362]]) (Windows CP 949)
* [[Code page 1372|1372]] – IBM-PC MS T Chinese [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] (Special for DB2)
* [[Code page 1373|1373]] – Windows Traditional Chinese (extension of [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1374|1374]] – IBM-PC DB [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] extension for HKSCS
* [[Code page 1375|1375]] – Mixed [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] extension for HKSCS (intended to match [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1385|1385]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese DBCS (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.)
* [[Code page 1386|1386]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GBK ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 1385|1385]]) (Windows CP 936)
* [[Code page 1391|1391]] – Simplified Chinese 4 Byte (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.)
* [[Code page 1392|1392]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX ([[Code page 1252|1252]] + [[Code page 1385|1385]] + [[Code page 1391|1391]])
{{div col end}}

=== Macintosh emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the Apple [[Macintosh]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1275|1275]] – Apple Roman
* [[Code page 1280|1280]] – Apple Greek
* [[Code page 1281|1281]] – Apple Turkish
* [[Code page 1282|1282]] – Apple Central European
* [[Code page 1283|1283]] – Apple Cyrillic
* [[Code page 1284|1284]] – Apple Croatian
* [[Code page 1285|1285]] – Apple Romanian
* [[Code page 1286|1286]] – Apple Icelandic
{{div col end}}

=== Adobe emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1038|1038]] – Adobe Symbol Encoding
* [[Code page 1276|1276]] – Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding
* [[Code page 1277|1277]] – Adobe (PostScript) Latin 1
{{div col end}}

=== HP emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1050|1050]] – HP Roman Extension
* [[Code page 1051|1051]] – HP Roman-8
* [[Code page 1052|1052]] – HP Gothic Legal
* [[Code page 1053|1053]] – HP Gothic-1 (almost the same as [[ISO 8859-1]])
* [[Code page 1054|1054]] – HP ASCII
* [[Code page 1055|1055]] – HP PC-Line
* [[Code page 1056|1056]] – HP Line Draw
* [[Code page 1057|1057]] – HP PC-8 (almost the same as [[code page 437]])
* [[Code page 1058|1058]] – HP PC-8DN ('''not''' the same as [[code page 865]])
* [[Code page 1351|1351]] – Japanese DBCS HP character set
* [[Code page 5039|5039]] – Japanese MIX ([[Code page 1041|1041]] + [[Code page 1351|1351]])
{{div col end}}

=== DEC emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1020|1020]] – 7-bit Canadian (French) NRC Set
* [[Code page 1021|1021]] – 7-bit Switzerland NRC Set
* [[Code page 1023|1023]] – 7-bit Spanish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1090|1090]] – Special Characters and Line Drawing Set
* [[Multinational Character Set|1100]] – DEC Multinational
* [[Code page 1101|1101]] – 7-bit British NRC Set
* [[Code page 1102|1102]] – 7-bit Dutch NRC Set
* [[Code page 1103|1103]] – 7-bit Finnish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1104|1104]] – 7-bit French NRC Set
* [[Code page 1105|1105]] – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1106|1106]] – 7-bit Swedish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1107|1107]] – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Alternate
* [[Code Page 1287|1287]] – DEC Greek
* [[Code Page 1288|1288]] – DEC Turkish
{{div col end}}

=== IBM Unicode code pages ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1200|1200]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]]) with IBM [[Private Use Area]] (PUA)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|title=IBM Coded Character Set Identifier (CCSID)|website=IBM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126030417/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|archive-date=2009-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Code page 1201|1201]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1202|1202]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]]) with IBM PUA&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1203|1203]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1208|1208]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode with IBM PUA&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1209|1209]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1400|1400]] – ISO 10646 UCS-BMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1401|1401]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1402|1402]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SIP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1414|1414]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SSP (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1445|1445]] – IBM AFP PUA No. 1
* [[Code page 1446|1446]] – ISO 10646 [[UCS-PUP15]] (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1447|1447]] – ISO 10646 [[UCS-PUP16]] (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1448|1448]] – UCS-BMP (Generic UDC)
* [[Code page 1449|1449]] – IBM default PUA
{{div col end}}

== Microsoft code pages ==
{{main|Windows code page}}

=== Windows code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft in its own Windows operating system. Microsoft defined [[windows code pages|a number of code pages]] known as the ANSI code pages (as the first one, 1252 was based on an [[apocrypha]]l ANSI draft of what became [[ISO 8859-1]]). Code page 1252 is built on ISO 8859-1 but uses the range 0x80-0x9F for extra printable characters rather than the C1 control codes used in ISO-8859-1. Some of the others are based in part on other parts of [[ISO 8859]] but often rearranged to make them closer to 1252.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1162|874]] – Windows [[Thai script|Thai]]
* [[Code page 1250|1250]] – Windows [[Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 1251|1251]] – Windows [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 1252|1252]] – Windows [[Western Europe|Western]]
* [[Code page 1253|1253]] – Windows [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 1254|1254]] – Windows [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 1255|1255]] – Windows [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 1256|1256]] – Windows [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 1257|1257]] – Windows [[Baltic languages|Baltic]]
* [[Code page 1258|1258]] – Windows [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]]
{{div col end}}

Microsoft recommends new applications use UTF-8 or UCS-2/UTF-16 instead of these code pages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepages&quot;/&gt;

=== DBCS code pages ===
These code pages represent [[DBCS]] character encodings for various CJK languages. In Microsoft operating systems, these are used as both the &quot;OEM&quot; and &quot;Windows&quot; code page for the applicable locale.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)|932]] – Supports [[Japanese writing system|Japanese]] [[Shift-JIS]]
* [[Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)|936]] – Supports [[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]] [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]]
* [[Unified Hangul Code|949]] – Supports [[Hangul|Korean]] Unified Hangul Code
* [[Code page 950|950]] – Supports [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]] [[Big5]]
{{div col end}}

=== MS-DOS code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft in its MS-DOS operating system. Microsoft refers to these as the OEM code pages because they were defined by the [[original equipment manufacturer]]s who licensed MS-DOS for distribution with their hardware, not by Microsoft or a standards organization. Most of these code pages have the same number as the equivalent IBM code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. There are minimum differences&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM&quot;/&gt; in some code pages from IBM and Microsoft.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 708|708]] – Arabic (ASMO 708)
* [[Code page 709|709]] – Arabic ([[Code page ASMO449+|ASMO 449+]]/BCON V4)&lt;!-- not sure if available in any DOS --&gt;
* [[Code page 710|710]] – Arabic (Transparent Arabic)&lt;!-- not sure if available in any DOS --&gt;
* [[Code page 720|720]] – Arabic (Transparent ASMO)
* [[Code page 737|737]] – [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Code page 850|850]] – Latin-1
* [[Code page 851|851]] – Greek
* [[Code page 852|852]] – Latin-2
* [[Code page 855|855]] – [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 857|857]] – Latin-5
* [[Code page 858|858]] – Latin-1 with [[euro]] symbol
* [[Code page 859|859]] – Latin-9
* [[Code page 860|860]] – [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* [[Code page 861|861]] – [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 862|862]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 863|863]] – [[French language|Canadian French]]
* [[Code page 864|864]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 865|865]] – [[Danish language|Danish]]/[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
* [[Code page 866|866]] – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian
* [[Code page 869|869]] – [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
{{div col end}}

=== Macintosh emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft when emulating the Apple [[Macintosh]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 10000|10000]] - Apple [[Mac-Roman encoding|Macintosh Roman]]
* [[Code page 10001|10001]] - Apple Japanese
* [[Code page 10002|10002]] - Apple Traditional Chinese (Big5)
* [[Code page 10003|10003]] - Apple Korean
* [[Code page 10004|10004]] - Apple [[MacArabic encoding|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 10005|10005]] - Apple Hebrew
* [[Code page 10006|10006]] - Apple [[MacGreek encoding|Greek]]
* [[Code page 10007|10007]] - Apple [[MacCyrillic encoding|Macintosh Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 10008|10008]] - Apple Simplified Chinese (GB 2312)
* [[Code page 10010|10010]] - Apple [[MacRomanian encoding|Romanian]]
* [[Code page 10017|10017]] - Apple [[Macintosh Ukrainian encoding|Ukrainian]]
* [[Code page 10021|10021]] - Apple Thai
* [[Code page 10029|10029]] - Apple [[Macintosh Central European encoding|Macintosh Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 10079|10079]] - Apple [[Mac Icelandic encoding|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 10081|10081]] - Apple [[MacTurkish encoding|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 10082|10082]] - Apple [[MacCroatian encoding|Croatian]]
{{div col end}}

=== Various other Microsoft code pages ===
The following code page numbers are specific to Microsoft Windows. IBM may use different numbers for these code pages. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO,{{huh|date=July 2020}} such as UNIX-like operating systems.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 20000|20000]] – Traditional Chinese CNS
* [[Code page 20001|20001]] – Traditional Chinese TCA
* [[Code page 20002|20002]] – Traditional Chinese ETEN
* [[Code page 20003|20003]] – Traditional Chinese IBM5500
* [[Code page 20004|20004]] – Traditional Chinese TeleText
* [[Code page 20005|20005]] – Traditional Chinese Wang
* [[Code page 20105|20105]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] [[ISO-646-IRV|IRV]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20105&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5 --&gt;
* [[Code page 20106|20106]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] German (DIN 66003)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20106&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-German --&gt;
* [[Code page 20107|20107]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] Swedish (SEN 850200 C)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20107&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Swedish --&gt;
* [[Code page 20108|20108]] - 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] Norwegian (NS 4551-2)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20108&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Norwegian --&gt;
* [[Code page 20127|20127]] – 7-bit [[US-ASCII]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20127&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate --&gt;
* [[Code page 20261|20261]] – [[ITU T.61|CCITT T.61]]
* [[Code page 20269|20269]] – [[ISO 6937]]
* [[Code page 20273|20273]]
* [[Code page 20277|20277]]
* [[Code page 20278|20278]]
* [[Code page 20284|20284]]
* [[Code page 20285|20285]]
* [[Code page 20290|20290]]
* [[Code page 20297|20297]]
* [[Code page 20420|20420]]
* [[Code page 20423|20423]]
* [[Code page 20424|20424]]
* [[Code page 20833|20833]]
* [[Code page 20838|20838]]
* [[Code page 20866|20866]] – [[KOI8-R]]
* [[Code page 20871|20871]]
* [[Code page 20880|20880]]
* [[Code page 20905|20905]]
* [[Code page 20924|20924]]
* [[Code page 20932|20932]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 1350? --&gt;
* [[Code page 20936|20936]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 1381? --&gt;
* [[Code page 20949|20949]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 949? --&gt;
* [[Code page 21025|21025]]
* [[Code page 21027|21027]]
* [[Code page 21866|21866]] – [[KOI8-U]]
* [[Code page 28591|28591]] – [[ISO-8859-1]]
* [[Code page 28592|28592]] – [[ISO-8859-2]]
* [[Code page 28593|28593]] – [[ISO-8859-3]]
* [[Code page 28594|28594]] – [[ISO-8859-4]]
* [[Code page 28595|28595]] – [[ISO-8859-5]]
* [[Code page 28596|28596]] – [[ISO-8859-6]]
* [[Code page 28597|28597]] – [[ISO-8859-7]]
* [[Code page 28598|28598]] – [[ISO-8859-8]]
* [[Code page 28599|28599]] – [[ISO-8859-9]]
* [[Code page 28600|28600]] – [[ISO-8859-10]]
* [[Code page 28601|28601]] – [[ISO-8859-11]]
* [[Code page 28602|28602]] – not used (reserved for [[ISO-8859-12]])
* [[Code page 28603|28603]] – [[ISO-8859-13]]
* [[Code page 28604|28604]] – [[ISO-8859-14]]
* [[Code page 28605|28605]] – [[ISO-8859-15]]
* [[Code page 28606|28606]] – [[ISO-8859-16]]
* [[Code page 38596|38596]] – [[ISO-8859-6]]&lt;!-- similar to CP28596 --&gt;
* [[Code page 38598|38598]] – [[ISO-8859-8]]&lt;!-- similar to CP28598 --&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Microsoft Unicode code pages ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1200|1200]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])
* [[Code page 1201|1201]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])
* [[Code page 12000|12000]] – [[UTF-32LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])
* [[Code page 12001|12001]] – [[UTF-32BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])
* [[Code page 65000|65000]] – [[UTF-7]] Unicode
* [[Code page 65001|65001]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode
* [[Code page 65520|65520]] – Empty Unicode Plane
{{div col end}}

== HP Symbol Sets ==
HP developed a series of Symbol Sets (each with its associated Symbol Set Code) to encode either its own character sets or other vendors’ character sets. They are normally 7-bit character sets which, when moved to the higher part and associated with the ASCII character set, make up 8-bit character sets.
&lt;!-- This list is not exhaustive --&gt;

=== HP own Symbol Sets ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Symbol Set 0E — HP Roman Extension — 7-bit character set with accented letters (coded by IBM as [[code page 1050]])
* Symbol Set 0G — HP 7-bit German
* Symbol Set 0L — HP Line Draw (coded by IBM as [[code page 1056]])
* Symbol Set 0M — HP Math-7
* Symbol Set 0T — HP Thai-8
* Symbol Set 1S — HP 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 1U — HP 7-bit Gothic Legal (coded by IBM as [[code page 1052]])
* Symbol Set 4Q — 7-bit PC Line (coded by IBM as [[code page 1055]])
* Symbol Set 4U — [[HP Roman#HP Roman-9|HP Roman-9]] — Roman-8 + €
* Symbol Set 7J — HP Desktop
* Symbol Set 7S — HP 7-bit European Spanish
* Symbol Set 8E — HP East-8&lt;!-- Check if my source (http://www.cestina.cz/kodovani/) is not mistaken and that this symbol set really exists --&gt;
* Symbol Set 8G — HP Greek-8 (based on IR 088; not on ELOT 927)
* Symbol Set 8H — HP Hebrew-8
* Symbol Set 8I — MS LineDraw (ASCII + HP PC Line)
* Symbol Set 8K — HP Kana-8 (ASCII + Japanese Katakana)
* Symbol Set 8L — HP LineDraw (ASCII + HP Line Draw)
* Symbol Set 8M — HP Math-8 (ASCII + HP Math-8)
* Symbol Set 8R — HP Cyrillic-8&lt;!-- (ASCII + GOST 13052? KOI-8?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 8S — HP 7-bit Latin American Spanish
* Symbol Set 8T — HP Turkish-8
* Symbol Set 8U — [[HP Roman#HP Roman-8|HP Roman-8]] (ASCII + HP Roman Extension; coded by IBM as [[code page 1051]])
* Symbol Set 8V — HP Arabic-8&lt;!-- Contradictory sources about &quot;Arabic-8&quot;; http://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Printer-Software-and-Drivers/Arabic-fonts-on-Network-Printers/td-p/2231625 and http://printronix.com/emea/wp-content/uploads/manuals/PTX_PRM_ACA_P8_258187a.pdf --&gt;
* Symbol Set 9K — HP Korean-8&lt;!-- (ASCII + Jamo Code Table?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 9T — PC 8T (also known as Code Page 437-T; this is '''not''' [[code page 857]])
* Symbol Set 9V — Latin / Arabic for Windows (this is '''not''' [[code page 1256]])
* Symbol Set 11U — PC 8D/N (also known as Code Page 437-N; coded by IBM as [[code page 1058]]; this is '''not''' [[code page 865]])
* Symbol set 14G — PC-8 Greek Alternate (also known as Code Page 437-G; almost the same as [[code page 737]])
* Symbol Set 18K —&lt;!-- HP Korea-15? Korean; based on KS X 1001 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 18T —&lt;!-- HP ROC-15? Traditional Chinese; based on Big5 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 19C —&lt;!-- HP PRC-15? Simplified Chinese; based on GB 2312 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 19K —&lt;!-- HP Japan-15? Japanese; based on Shift-JIS; coded by IBM as [[code page 5039]] --&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Symbol Sets from other vendors ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Symbol Set 0D — ISO 60: 7-bit Norwegian
* Symbol Set 0F — ISO 25: 7-bit French
* Symbol Set 0H — HP 7-bit Hebrew — Practically the same as Israeli Standard [[SI 960]]
* Symbol Set 0I — ISO 15: 7-bit Italian
* Symbol Set 0K — ISO 14: 7-bit Japanese Katakana
* Symbol Set 0N — ISO 8859-1 Latin 1 (Initially called &quot;Gothic-1&quot;; coded by IBM as code page 1052)
* Symbol Set 0R — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1986 version — IR 111)
* Symbol Set 0S — ISO 11: 7-bit Swedish
* Symbol Set 0U — ISO 6: 7-bit U.S.
* Symbol Set 0V — Arabic&lt;!-- 7-bit or 8-bit? ASMO 449? --&gt;
* Symbol Set 1D — ISO 61: 7-bit Norwegian
* Symbol Set 1E — ISO 4: 7-bit U. K.
* Symbol Set 1F — ISO 69: 7-bit French
* Symbol Set 1G — ISO 21: 7-bit German
* Symbol Set 1K — ISO 13: 7-bit Japanese Latin
* Symbol Set 1T — Windows Thai (Practically the same as [[code page 1162|874]])
* Symbol Set 2K — ISO 57: 7-bit Simplified Chinese Latin
* Symbol Set 2N — ISO 8859-2 Latin 2
* Symbol Set 2S — ISO 17: 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 2U — ISO 2: 7-bit International Reverence Version
* Symbol Set 3N — ISO 8859-3 Latin 3
* Symbol Set 3R — PC-866 Russia (Practically the same as [[code page 866]])
* Symbol Set 3S — ISO 10: 7-bit Swedish
* Symbol Set 4N — ISO 8859-4 Latin 4
* Symbol Set 4S — ISO 16: 7-bit Portuguese
* Symbol Set 5M — PS Math Symbol (Practically the same as [[Adobe Symbols]])
* Symbol Set 5N — ISO 8859-9 Latin 5
* Symbol Set 5S — ISO 84: 7-bit Portuguese
* Symbol Set 5T — Windows 3.1 Latin-5 (Practically the same as [[code page 1254]])
* Symbol Set 6J — Microsoft Publishing
* Symbol Set 6M — Ventura Math
* Symbol Set 6N — ISO 8859-10 Latin 6
* Symbol Set 6S — ISO 85: 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 7H — ISO 8859-8 Latin/Hebrew
* Symbol Set 9E — Windows 3.1 Latin 2 (Practically the same as [[code page 1250]])
* Symbol Set 9G — Windows 98 Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 1253]])
* Symbol Set 9J — PC 1004
* Symbol Set 9L — Ventura ITC Zapf Dingbats
* Symbol Set 9N — ISO 8859-15 Latin 9
* Symbol Set 9R — Windows 98 Cyrillic (Practically the same as [[code page 1251]])
* Symbol Set 9U — Windows 3.0
* Symbol Set 10G — PC-851 Latin/Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 851]])
* Symbol Set 10J — PS Text (Practically the same as [[PostScript Standard Encoding|Adobe Standard]])
* Symbol Set 10L — PS ITC Zapf Dingbats (Practically the same as [[Adobe Dingbats]])
* Symbol Set 10N — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1988 version — IR 144)
* Symbol Set 10R — PC-855 Cyrillic (Practically the same as [[code page 855]])
* Symbol Set 10T — Teletex&lt;!-- (CCITT T.61?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 10U — PC-8 (Practically the same as [[code page 437]]; coded by IBM as [[code page 1057]])
* Symbol Set 10V — CP-864 (Practically the same as [[code page 864]])
* Symbol Set 11G — CP-869 (Practically the same as [[code page 869]])
* Symbol Set 11J — PS ISO Latin-1 (Practically the same as [[Adobe Latin-1]])
* Symbol Set 11N — ISO 8859-6 Latin/Arabic
* Symbol Set 12G — PC Latin/Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 737]])
* Symbol Set 12J — MC Text (Practically the same as [[Mac OS Roman|Macintosh Roman]])
* Symbol Set 12N — ISO 8859-7 Latin/Greek
* Symbol Set 12R — PC Gost (Practically the same as [[PC GOST Main character set|PC GOST Main]])
* Symbol Set 12U — PC-850 Latin 1 (Practically the same as [[code page 850]])
* Symbol Set 13J — Ventura International
* Symbol Set 13R — PC Bulgarian (Practically the same as [[MIK (character set)|MIK]])
* Symbol Set 13U — PC-858 Latin 1 + € (Practically the same as [[code page 858]])
* Symbol Set 14J — Ventura U. S.
* Symbol Set 14L — Windows Dingbats
* Symbol Set 14P — ABICOMP International (Practically the same as [[ABICOMP character set|ABICOMP]])
* Symbol Set 14R — PC Ukrainian (Practically the same as [[RUSCII]])
* Symbol Set 15H — PC-862 Israel (Practically the same as [[code page 862]])
* Symbol Set 16U — PC-857 Latin 5 (Practically the same as [[code page 857]])
* Symbol Set 17U — PC-852 Latin 2 (Practically the same as [[code page 852]])
* Symbol Set 18N — [[UTF-8]]
* Symbol Set 18U — PC-853 Latin 3 (Practically the same as [[code page 853]])
* Symbol Set 19L — Windows 98 Baltic (Practically the same as [[code page 1257]])
* Symbol Set 19M — Windows Symbol
* Symbol Set 19U — Windows 3.1 Latin 1 (Practically the same as [[code page 1252]])
* Symbol Set 20U — PC-860 Portugal (Practically the same as [[code page 860]])
* Symbol Set 21U — PC-861 Iceland (Practically the same as [[code page 861]])
* Symbol Set 23U — PC-863 Canada - French (Practically the same as [[code page 863]])
* Symbol Set 24Q — PC-Polish Mazowia (Practically the same as [[Mazovia encoding]])
* Symbol Set 25U — PC-865 Denmark/Norway (Practically the same as [[code page 865]])
* Symbol Set 26U — PC-775 Latin 7 (Practically the same as [[code page 775]])
* Symbol Set 27Q — PC-8 PC Nova (Practically the same as [[code page 999|PC Nova]])
* Symbol Set 27U — PC Latvian Russian (also known as 866-Latvian)
* Symbol Set 28U — PC Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as [[code page 774]])
* Symbol Set 29U — PC-772 Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as [[code page 772]])
{{div col end}}

== Code pages from other vendors ==
These code pages are independent assignments by third party vendors. Since the original IBM PC code page ([[code page 437|number 437]]) was not really designed for international use, several partially compatible country or region specific variants emerged.

These code pages number assignments are '''not official''' neither by IBM, neither by Microsoft and almost none of them is referred as a usable character set by IANA. The numbers assigned to these code pages are arbitrary and may clash to registered numbers in use by IBM or Microsoft. Some of them may predate codepage switching being added in DOS 3.3.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 100|100]] – DOS Hebrew hardware fontpage (Not from IBM; [[Hebrew MS-DOS|HDOS]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 111|111]] – DOS Greek (Not from IBM; [[AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 112|112]] – DOS Turkish (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 113|113]] – DOS Yugoslavian (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 151|151]] – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;!-- EPROM fontpage --&gt;
* [[Code page 152|152]] – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;!-- EPROM fontpage --&gt;
* [[Code page 161|161]] – DOS [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 162|162]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)
* [[Code page 163|163]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 164|164]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)
* [[Code page 165|165]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 166|166]] – IBM Arabic PC (ADOS)&lt;!-- hardware fontpage --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 210|210]] – DEC DOS Greek (NEC Jetmate printers)
* [[Code page 220|220]] – DEC DOS Spanish (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 489|489]] – Czechoslovakian [OCR software 1993]
* [[Code page 620|620]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- Fido Mazowia? Variant with characters &quot;Ć&quot; and &quot;ć&quot; in positions 80 and 87? --&gt;
* [[Code page 667|667]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- variant with the characters &quot;¢&quot;, &quot;„&quot; and &quot;&quot;&quot; in positions 9B, 9D and A9? --&gt;
* [[Code page 668|668]] – DOS Polish&lt;!--Different than Mazovia! --&gt; (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 707|707]] – MS-DOS Arabic Sakhr (Not from IBM; [[Sakhr Computers|Sakhr Software]] from [[MSX]] Computers)&lt;!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakr, below. --&gt;
* [[Code page 711|711]] – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha Enhanced (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 714|714]] – MS-DOS Arabic Sakr (Not from IBM)&lt;!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakhr, above. --&gt;
* [[Code page 715|715]] – MS-DOS Arabic APTEC (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 721|721]] – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha International (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 768|768]] – Arabic Al-Arabi (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 770|770]] – DOS Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian&lt;ref name=&quot;CP770&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian RST 1095-89 National Standard)
* [[Code page 771|771]] – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic — KBL&lt;ref name=&quot;CP771&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 772|772]] – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic&lt;ref name=&quot;CP772&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1284:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as [[code page 1119]])
* [[Code page 773|773]] – DOS Latin-7 — KBL (From Lithuanian Lika Software)
* [[Code page 774|774]] – DOS Lithuanian&lt;ref name=&quot;CP774&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1283:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as [[code page 1118]])
* [[Code page 775|775]] – DOS Latin-7 Baltic Rim (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1590-1 National Standard; adopted by IBM and Microsoft as [[code page 775]])
* [[Code page 776|776]] – DOS Lithuanian (extended CP770)&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 777|777]] – DOS Accented Lithuanian (old) (extended CP773) — KBL&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 778|778]] – DOS Accented Lithuanian (extended CP775)&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 790|790]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]]&lt;!-- Variant with the characters &quot;¢&quot;, &quot;„&quot; and &quot;&quot;&quot; in positions 9B, 9D and A9? From Lithuanian Lika Software? --&gt;
* [[Code page 854|854]] – Spanish&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan_1992_REF-DE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Cites the Hogan book for CP854 as well since 1995. No other source found so far. --&gt;
* [[Code page 881|881]] – Latin 1 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 881]])
* [[Code page 882|882]] – Latin 2 (ISO 8859-2) (Not from IBM; same as Code page 912; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 882]])
* [[Code page 883|883]] – Latin 3 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 883]])
* [[Code page 884|884]] – Latin 4 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 884]])
* [[Code page 885|885]] – Latin 5 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 885]])
* [[Code page 895|895]] – [[Kamenický encoding|Czech (Kamenický)]], (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP895 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Roman)
* [[Mazovia encoding|896]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP896 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Katakana)&lt;!-- Variant with the character &quot;zł&quot; in position 9B? --&gt;
* [[Code page 900|900]] – DOS Russian (Russian MS-DOS 5.0 LCD.CPI)
* [[ISO 8859-7|928]] – Greek (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Greek National Standard [[ISO 8859-7|ELOT 928]] (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP928 — Simplified Chinese PC DBCS)
* [[Code page 966|966]] – Saudi Arabian (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 991|991]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- Variant with the character &quot;zł&quot; in position 9B? --&gt;
* [[Code page 999|999]] – DOS Serbo-Croatian I (Not from IBM); also known as PC Nova and CroSCII; lower part is JUSI.B1.002, upper part is code page 437; supports [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] and [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] (Latin script)
* [[Code page 1001|1001]] – Arabic (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers) (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP1001 — MICR)
* [[Code page 1261|1261]] – Windows Korean IBM-1261 LMBCS-17, similar to [[Code page 1363|1363]]&lt;!--https://web.archive.org/web/20161220082724/https://fossies.org/dox/w32tex-src/ucnv__lmb_8c_source.html Isn't it, by any chance, a misprint of code page 1361 (Johab)? --&gt;
* [[Code page 1270|1270]] – Windows Sámi
* [[Code page 771|2001]] – Lithuanian KBL (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 771
* [[Code page 1116|3001]] – Estonian 1 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 1116
* [[Code page 922|3002]] – Estonian 2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 922
* [[Code page 437-Latvian|3011]] – Latvian 1 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 437-Latvian
* [[Code page 866-Latvian|3012]] – Latvian-2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 866-Latvian (Latvian RST 1040-90 National Standard)
* [[MIK (character set)|3021]] – Bulgarian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as MIK
* [[Code page 862|3031]] – Hebrew (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 862
* 3041 – Maltese (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as [[ISO 646]] Maltese
* 3840 – IBM-Russian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); nearly the same as [[CP 866]]
* 3841 – Gost-Russian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); [[KOI-8|GOST 13052]] plus characters for Central Asian languages
* [[Mazovia encoding|3843]] – Polish (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Mazovia
* [[Kamenický encoding|3844]] – CS2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Kamenický
* [[CWI-2|3845]] – Hungarian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as CWI
* 3846 – Turkish (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as PC-8 Turkish + old Turkish Lira sign (Tʟ) at code point A8
* [[BraSCII|3847]] – Brazil-ABNT (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as the Brazilian National Standard NBR-9614:1986&lt;!-- I am still investigating if BraSCII is the same as ISO 8859-1 or not --&gt;
* [[ABICOMP character set|3848]] – Brazil-ABICOMP (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as ABICOMP
* 3850 – Standard KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3860 – Rajvitee KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3861 – Microwiz KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3863 – STD988 TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* 3864 – Popular TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* 3865 – Newsic TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* (number missing) – [[CWI-2]] (for DOS) supports [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
* (number missing) – [[MIK (character set)|MIK]] (for DOS) supports [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
* (number missing) – DOS Serbo-Croatian II; supports [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] and [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] (Latin script)
* (number missing) — Russian [[Alternative code page (Russian)|Alternative code page]] (for DOS); this is the origin for IBM [[CP 866]]
{{div col end}}

== {{anchor|0|999|57344|61439|65280|65533|65534|65535}}List of code page assignments ==
{{Expand_list|date=July 2014}}
List of known code page assignments (incomplete):

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;float:center;&quot;
! ID !! Names !! Description !! Origin !! Platform !! DOS !! OS/2 !! Windows !! Mac !! Else !! Encoding !! Comment
|-
| 0 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || || Internal OS use&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
|-
| 437 || CP437, IBM437 || PC US || IBM&lt;ref name=&quot;CP437&quot;/&gt; || IBM PC || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || Yes || ? || Yes || 8-bit [[SBCS]] ||
|-
| 57344&amp;nbsp;- 61439 || N/A || Private use derivations || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page derivations (E000h-EFFFh)
|-
| 65280&amp;nbsp;- 65533 || N/A || Private use definitions || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page definitions (FF00h-FFFDh)
|-
| 65534 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || ? || ? || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFEh)
|-
| 65535 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFFh)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
|}

== Criticism ==
Many older character encodings (unlike Unicode) suffer from several problems. Some code page vendors insufficiently document the meaning of all code point values, which decreases the reliability of handling textual data through various computer systems consistently. Some vendors add proprietary extensions to some code pages to add or change certain code point values; for example, byte 0x5C in [[Shift JIS]] can represent either a [[back slash]] or a yen [[Currency sign (typography)|currency symbol]] depending on the platform. Finally, in order to support several languages in a program that does not use Unicode, the code page used for each string/document needs to be stored.

Due to Unicode's extensive documentation, vast repertoire of characters and stability policy of characters, the problems listed above are rarely a concern for Unicode. Applications may also mislabel text in [[Windows-1252]] as [[ISO-8859-1]]. Fortunately, the only difference between these code pages is that the code point values used by ISO-8859-1 for control characters are instead used as additional printable characters in Windows-1252. Since control characters have no function in HTML, web browsers tend to use Windows-1252 rather than ISO-8859-1. In HTML5, treating ISO-8859-1 as Windows-1252 is even codified as standard. Later, UTF-8 has succeeded both encodings in terms of popularity on the Internet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics_UTF-8&quot;/&gt;

== {{anchor|Private use|User-definable}}Private code pages ==
When, early in the history of personal computers, users did not find their character encoding requirements met, private or local code pages were created using [[Terminate and Stay Resident]] utilities or by re-programming [[BIOS]] [[EPROM]]s. In some cases, unofficial code page numbers were invented (e.g. CP895).

When more diverse character set support became available most of those code pages fell into disuse, with some exceptions such as the [[Kamenický encoding|Kamenický]] or KEYBCS2 encoding for the [[Czech alphabet|Czech]] and [[Slovak alphabet|Slovak]] alphabets. Another character set is [[Iran System encoding standard]] that was created by Iran System corporation for [[Persian language]] support. This standard was in use in Iran in DOS-based programs and after introduction of Microsoft code page 1256 this standard became obsolete. However some Windows and DOS programs using this encoding are still in use and some Windows fonts with this encoding exist.

In order to overcome such problems, the [[IBM Character Data Representation Architecture]] level 2 specifically reserves ranges of code page IDs for user-definable and private-use assignments. Whenever such code page IDs are used, the user must not assume that the same functionality and appearance can be reproduced in another system configuration or on another device or system unless the user takes care of this specifically.
The code page range 57344-61439 ({{Mono|E000h}}-{{Mono|EFFFh}}) is officially reserved for user-definable code pages (or actually CCSIDs in the context of [[IBM CDRA]]), whereas the range 65280-65533 ({{Mono|FF00h}}-{{Mono|FFFDh}}) is reserved for any user-definable &quot;private use&quot; assignments.
For example, a non-registered custom variant of code page 437 ({{Mono|1B5h}}) or 28591 ({{Mono|6FAF}}) could become 57781 ({{Mono|E1B5h}}) or 61359 ({{Mono|EFAFh}}), respectively, in order to avoid potential conflicts with other assignments and maintain the sometimes existing internal numerical logic in the assignments of the original code pages. An unregistered private code page not based on an existing code page, a device specific code page like a printer font, which just needs a logical handle to become addressable for the system, a frequently changing download font, or a code page number with a symbolic meaning in the local environment could have an assignment in the private range like 65280 ({{Mono|FF00h}}).

The code page IDs 0, 65534 ({{Mono|FFFEh}}) and 65535 ({{Mono|FFFFh}}) are reserved for internal use by operating systems such as DOS and must not be assigned to any specific code pages.

== See also ==
* [[Windows code page]]
* [[Character encoding]]
* [[CCSID]] IBM's official &quot;code page&quot; definitions and assignments
* [[Codepage sniffing]]
* [[Unicode]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL&quot;&gt;[http://www.pclviewer.com/resources/pcl_symbolset.html Printer Command Language Symbol Sets]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL-Symbol&quot;&gt;[http://pclhelp.com/pcl-symbol-sets/ HP Symbol Sets]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL5&quot;&gt;[http://h10032.www1.hp.com/ctg/Manual/bpl13206.pdf PCL5 Camparison Guide]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepage-ID&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v=vs.85%29.aspx#Code |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |website=microsoft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;
{{Cite book |title=The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2 |author-first1=Ray |author-last1=Duncan |author-first2=Steve |author-last2=Bostwick |author-first3=Keith |author-last3=Burgoyne |author-first4=Robert A. |author-last4=Byers |author-first5=Thom |author-last5=Hogan |author-first6=Jim |author-last6=Kyle |author-first7=Gordon |author-last7=Letwin |author-link7=Gordon Letwin |author-first8=Charles |author-last8=Petzold |author-link8=Charles Petzold |author-first9=Chip |author-last9=Rabinowitz |author-first10=Jim |author-last10=Tomlin |author-first11=Richard |author-last11=Wilton |author-first12=Van |author-last12=Wolverton |author-first13=William |author-last13=Wong |author-first14=JoAnne |author-last14=Woodcock |contribution=Technical advisors |contributor-first1=Mark |contributor-last1=Zbikowski |contributor-link1=Mark Zbikowski |contributor-first2=Paul |contributor-last2=Allen |contributor-link2=Paul Allen |contributor-first3=Steve |contributor-last3=Ballmer |contributor-link3=Steve Ballmer |contributor-first4=Reuben |contributor-last4=Borman |contributor-first5=Rob |contributor-last5=Borman |contributor-first6=John |contributor-last6=Butler |contributor-first7=Chuck |contributor-last7=Carroll |contributor-first8=Mark |contributor-last8=Chamberlain |contributor-first9=David |contributor-last9=Chell |contributor-first10=Mike |contributor-last10=Colee |contributor-first11=Mike |contributor-last11=Courtney |contributor-first12=Mike |contributor-last12=Dryfoos |contributor-first13=Rachel |contributor-last13=Duncan |contributor-first14=Kurt |contributor-last14=Eckhardt |contributor-first15=Eric |contributor-last15=Evans |contributor-first16=Rick |contributor-last16=Farmer |contributor-first17=Bill |contributor-last17=Gates |contributor-link17=Bill Gates |contributor-first18=Michael |contributor-last18=Geary |contributor-first19=Bob |contributor-last19=Griffin |contributor-first20=Doug |contributor-last20=Hogarth |contributor-first21=James W. |contributor-last21=Johnson |contributor-first22=Kaamel |contributor-last22=Kermaani |contributor-first23=Adrian |contributor-last23=King |contributor-first24=Reed |contributor-last24=Koch |contributor-first25=James |contributor-last25=Landowski |contributor-first26=Chris |contributor-last26=Larson |contributor-first27=Thomas |contributor-last27=Lennon |contributor-first28=Dan |contributor-last28=Lipkie |contributor-first29=Marc |contributor-last29=McDonald |contributor-link29=Marc McDonald |contributor-first30=Bruce |contributor-last30=McKinney |contributor-first31=Pascal |contributor-last31=Martin |contributor-first32=Estelle |contributor-last32=Mathers |contributor-first33=Bob |contributor-last33=Matthews &lt;!-- |contributor-link33=Robert Matthews (scientist)??? --&gt; |contributor-first34=David |contributor-last34=Melin |contributor-first35=Charles |contributor-last35=Mergentime |contributor-first36=Randy |contributor-last36=Nevin |contributor-first37=Dan |contributor-last37=Newell |contributor-first38=Tani |contributor-last38=Newell |contributor-first39=David |contributor-last39=Norris |contributor-first40=Mike |contributor-last40=O'Leary |contributor-first41=Bob |contributor-last41=O'Rear |contributor-link41=Bob O'Rear |contributor-first42=Mike |contributor-last42=Olsson |contributor-first43=Larry |contributor-last43=Osterman |contributor-first44=Ridge |contributor-last44=Ostling |contributor-first45=Sunil |contributor-last45=Pai |contributor-first46=Tim |contributor-last46=Paterson |contributor-link46=Tim Paterson |contributor-first47=Gary |contributor-last47=Perez |contributor-first48=Chris |contributor-last48=Peters |contributor-first49=Charles |contributor-last49=Petzold |contributor-link49=Charles Petzold |contributor-first50=John |contributor-last50=Pollock |contributor-first51=Aaron |contributor-last51=Reynolds |contributor-link51=Aaron R. Reynolds |contributor-first52=Darryl |contributor-last52=Rubin |contributor-first53=Ralph |contributor-last53=Ryan |contributor-first54=Karl |contributor-last54=Schulmeisters |contributor-first55=Rajen |contributor-last55=Shah |contributor-first56=Barry |contributor-last56=Shaw |contributor-first57=Anthony |contributor-last57=Short |contributor-first58=Ben |contributor-last58=Slivka |contributor-first59=Jon |contributor-last59=Smirl |contributor-first60=Betty |contributor-last60=Stillmaker |contributor-first61=John |contributor-last61=Stoddard |contributor-first62=Dennis |contributor-last62=Tillman |contributor-first63=Greg |contributor-last63=Whitten |contributor-first64=Natalie |contributor-last64=Yount |contributor-first65=Steve |contributor-last65=Zeck |date=1988 |edition=Completely reworked |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |location=Redmond, Washington, USA |isbn=1-55615-049-0 |id={{ISBN|978-1-55615-049-4}} |lccn=87-21452 |oclc=16581341}} [https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/] (xix+1570 pages; 26&amp;nbsp;cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors.)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files |type=CPI.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.30 |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip&lt;!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older version of CPI.LST --&gt; |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Elliott_2006_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |title=CPI file format |date=2006-10-14 |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165307/http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;AEB_2001_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=CPI fonts |author-first=Andries Evert |author-last=Brouwer |author-link=Andries Evert Brouwer |date=2001-02-10 |version=0.2 |url=https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165133/https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Haralambous_2007_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Fonts &amp; Encodings |author-first=Yannis |author-last=Haralambous |translator-first=P. Scott |translator-last=Horne |location=Sebastopol, California, USA |publisher=[[O'Reilly Media, Inc.]] |date=September 2007 |edition=1 |isbn=978-0-596-10242-5 |id={{ISBN|0-596-10242-9}} |pages=601–602, 611}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_1991_PR&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=MS-DOS Programmer's Reference |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |date=1991 |isbn=1-55615-329-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781556153297}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_i_EBCDIC&quot;&gt;[http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/i/software/globalization/codepages.html IBM i Globalization - EBCDIC Code Pages]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;SAP_CP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://help.sap.com/abapdocu_70/en/ABENCODEPAGE_GLOSRY.htm |title=Code Page |work=sap.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12032_01/doc/epm.921/html_esb_dbag/glossary.htm#1009960 |title=Glossary |work=oracle.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_VT510&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=VT510 Video Terminal Programmer Information |at=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |publisher=[[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://www.vt100.net/docs/vt510-rm/chapter7.html#S7.1 |access-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[ISO]] character sets, which conform to the structure and rules of [[ISO 2022]], the [[VT510]] supports a number of IBM PC code pages ([[page number]]s in IBM's standard character set manual) in [[PCTerm]] mode to emulate the [[console terminal]] of industry-standard PCs.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_1994_Codepage&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=VT520/VT525 Video Terminal Programmer Information |chapter=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |date=July 1994 |page=7-1 |id=EK-VT520-RM. A01 |publisher=[[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |access-date=2017-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215184432/http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[ISO]] character sets the [[VT520]] supports a number of IBM PC code pages (which refer to [[page number]]s in IBM's standard character set manual) in [[PCTerm]] mode to emulate the [[console terminal]] of industry-standard PCs.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Overview on DOS, OS/2, and Windows codepages |type=CODEPAGE.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.59 preliminary |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip&lt;!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older preliminary version of CODEPAGE.LST --&gt; |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan_1992_REF-DE&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Die PC-Referenz für Programmierer |language=German |author-first=Thom |author-last=Hogan |edition=2 |date=1992 |publisher=Systhema Verlag GmbH |isbn=3-89390-272-4}} (NB. This book is the German translation of &quot;The Programmer's PC Sourcebook&quot; by Microsoft Press. It mentions the code page ID 854 for Spain.&lt;!-- To be checked: Do English version and other editions of this book contain 854 as well? --&gt;)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_CP1004&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Codepage 1004 - Windows Extended |publisher=[[IBM]] |date=2001 |url=http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |access-date=2018-05-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513184106/http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |archive-date=2018-05-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;VGA-Programming&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.osdever.net/FreeVGA/vga/vgatext.htm |title=VGA/SVGA Video Programming--VGA Text Mode Operation |website=osdever.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;&gt;{{cite |title=xlate - Transliterate Contents of Records |publisher=[[IBM Corporation]] |orig-year=1986 |date=2010 |url=http://vm.marist.edu/%7Epipeline/bhelp/ACH0275.html |access-date=2016-10-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepages&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd317752.aspx |title=Code Pages |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |website=microsoft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM&quot;&gt;[https://github.com/pentaho/pentaho-reporting/tree/master/libraries/libfonts/encodings/VENDORS/IBM]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=Microsoft|work=[[Microsoft Developer Network]] |date=2014 |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756(v=vs.85).aspx |access-date=2016-06-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619132819/https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v%3Dvs.85%29.aspx |archive-date=2016-06-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Web Encodings - Internet Explorer - Encodings |date=2012-10-23 |work=WHATWG Wiki |url=https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620184648/https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20105&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Western European (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183843/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20106&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=German (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183739/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20107&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Swedish (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183231/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20108&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Norwegian (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183449/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20127&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=US-ASCII encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620192058/http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;&gt;{{cite |title=Technical info on undocumented DOS country info for LCASE, ARAMODE and CCTORC records |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2002-09-05 |publisher=FreeDOS development list fd-dev at Topica |url=http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |access-date=2016-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527142512/http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |archive-date=2016-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Ralf D. |author-last=Brown |author-link=Ralf D. Brown |title=The x86 Interrupt List |title-link=Ralf Brown's Interrupt List |version=61 |date=2002-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &amp;mdash; Tips &amp;amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-07-30 |edition=3 |version=Release 157 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |access-date=2012-01-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522014302/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |archive-date=22 May 2016 }} (NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on [[Novell DOS 7]] and [[OpenDOS 7.01]], including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger MPDOSTIP.ZIP collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the NWDOSTIP.TXT file.)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &amp;mdash; Tips &amp;amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-04-09 |edition=3 |version=Release 183 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;&gt;[http://www.likit.lt/indexw.php Changed its name to &quot;Likit&quot;. Went out of business?]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP770&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/770.htm |title=770}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP771&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/771.htm |title=771}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP772&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/772.htm |title=772}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP774&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/774.htm |title=774}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.star-m.jp/eng/service/usermanual/lc8021um.pdf |title=Star LC 8021 User's Manual}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP437&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=IBM |title=SBCS code page information document - CPGID 00437 |url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00437.html |access-date=2014-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/character_encoding/all |title=Usage Statistics of Character Encodings for Websites, (updated daily) |website=w3techs.com |access-date=2015-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics_UTF-8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://trends.builtwith.com/encoding/UTF-8 |title=UTF-8 Usage Statistics |website=trends.builtwith.com |access-date=2011-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/standartai/ra%C5%A1men%C5%B3-koduo%C4%8Di%C5%B3-standartai/ |title=lietuvybė.lt - Rašmenų koduotės |language=lt |trans-title=lietuvybė.lt - Character encodings}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Kazakh_1174&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/G01BQVRV|title=Character Data Representation Architecture}}&lt;!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ibm.com/software/globalization/cdra/glossary.jsp#SPTGLCDPG IBM CDRA glossary]
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205110331/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/g11n-res.html|date=2016-02-05|title=IBM code pages}}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906204346/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp_es.jsp|date=2009-09-06|title=IBM code pages by encoding scheme}}
* [http://site.icu-project.org/charts/charset IBM/ICU Charset Information]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers Microsoft Code Page Identifiers] (Microsoft's list contains only code pages actively used by normal apps on Windows. See also [https://web.archive.org/web/20040225223721/http://www.sharmahd.com/tm/codepages.html Torsten Mohrin's list] for the full list of supported code pages)
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023050917/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964654|date=2012-10-23|title=Shorter Microsoft list containing only the ANSI and OEM code pages but with links to more detail on each}}
* [http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/codepages.html Character Sets And Code Pages At The Push Of A Button]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chcp Microsoft Chcp command: Display and set the console active code page]

{{character encoding}}

[[Category:Character encoding]]</text>
      <sha1>bfz415wfa3n3494iokhuv59jx3j2llm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088419</id>
      <parentid>4088417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:01:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alexlatham96</username>
        <id>377450</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* EBCDIC-based code pages */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="89661" xml:space="preserve">{{Dewikify}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020|cs1-dates=y}}
In [[computing]], a '''code page''' is a [[character encoding]] and as such it is a specific association of a set of printable [[character (computing)|character]]s and [[control character]]s with unique numbers. Typically each number represents the binary value in a single byte. (In some contexts these terms are used more precisely; see [[w:Character encoding#Character sets, character maps and code pages]].)

The term &quot;code page&quot; originated from [[IBM]]'s [[EBCDIC]]-based mainframe systems,&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_i_EBCDIC&quot;/&gt; but [[Microsoft]], [[SAP AG|SAP]],&lt;ref name=&quot;SAP_CP&quot;/&gt; and [[Oracle Corporation]]&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;/&gt; are among the few vendors which use this term. The majority of vendors identify their own character sets by a name. In the case when there is a plethora of character sets (like in IBM), identifying character sets through a number is a convenient way to distinguish them. Originally, the code page numbers referred to the [[page number|''page'' number]]s in the IBM standard character set manual,&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_VT510&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_1994_Codepage&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt; a condition which has not held for a long time. Vendors that use a code page system allocate their own code page number to a character encoding, even if it is better known by another name; for example, [[UTF-8]] has been assigned page numbers 1208 at IBM, 65001 at Microsoft, and 4110 at SAP.

[[Hewlett-Packard]] uses a similar concept in its [[HP-UX]] operating system and its [[Printer Command Language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL&quot;/&gt; (PCL) protocol for printers (either for HP printers or not). The terminology, however, is different: What others call a ''character set'', HP calls a ''symbol set'', and what IBM or Microsoft call a ''code page'', HP calls a ''symbol set code''. HP developed a series of symbol sets,&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL-Symbol&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL5&quot;/&gt; each with an associated symbol set code, to encode both its own character sets and other vendors’ character sets.

The multitude of character sets leads many vendors to recommend [[Unicode]].

== The code page numbering system ==
IBM introduced the concept of systematically assigning a small, but globally unique, 16 bit number to each character encoding that a computer system or collection of computer systems might encounter. The IBM origin of the numbering scheme is reflected in the fact that the smallest (first) numbers are assigned to variations of IBM's EBCDIC encoding and slightly larger numbers refer to variations of IBM's [[extended ASCII]] encoding as used in its PC hardware.

With the release of [[PC DOS]] version 3.3 (and the near identical [[MS-DOS]] 3.3) IBM introduced the code page numbering system to regular PC users, as the code page numbers (and the phrase &quot;code page&quot;) were used in new commands to allow the character encoding used by all parts of the OS to be set in a systematic way.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia&quot;/&gt;

After IBM and Microsoft ceased to cooperate in the 1990s, the two companies have maintained the list of assigned code page numbers independently from each other, resulting in some conflicting assignments. At least one third-party vendor ([[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]]) also has its own different list of numeric assignments.&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;/&gt; IBM's current assignments are listed in their [[CCSID]] repository, while Microsoft's assignments are documented within the [[MSDN]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepage-ID&quot;/&gt; Additionally, a list of the names and approximate IANA ([[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]]) abbreviations for the installed code pages on any given Windows machine can be found in the Registry on that machine (this information is used by Microsoft programs such as [[Internet Explorer]]).

Most well-known code pages, excluding those for the [[CJK]] languages and [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]],&lt;!-- not using CJKV here because this applies to the modern romanised Vietnamese --&gt; fit all their code-points into eight bits and do not involve anything more than mapping each code-point to a single character; furthermore, techniques such as combining characters, complex scripts, etc., are not involved.

The text mode of standard ([[VGA-compatible text mode|VGA-compatible]]) PC graphics hardware is built around using an 8-bit code page, though it is possible to use two at once with some color depth sacrifice, and up to eight may be stored in the display adaptor for easy switching.&lt;ref name=&quot;VGA-Programming&quot;/&gt; There was a selection of third-party code page fonts that could be loaded into such hardware. However, it is now commonplace for operating system vendors to provide their own character encoding and rendering systems that run in a graphics mode and bypass this hardware limitation entirely.  However the system of referring to character encodings by a code page number remains applicable, as an efficient alternative to string identifiers such as those specified by the IETF and IANA for use in various protocols such as e-mail and web pages.

=== Relationship to ASCII ===
The majority of code pages in current use are supersets of [[ASCII]], a 7-bit code representing 128 control codes and printable characters. In the distant past, 8-bit implementations of the ASCII code set the top bit to zero or used it as a [[parity bit]] in network data transmissions. When the top bit was made available for representing character data, a total of 256 characters and control codes could be represented. Most vendors (including IBM) used this extended range to encode characters used by various languages and graphical elements that allowed the imitation of primitive graphics on text-only output devices. No formal standard existed for these &quot;extended ASCII character sets&quot; and vendors referred to the variants as code pages, as IBM had always done for variants of EBCDIC encodings.

=== Relationship to Unicode ===
Unicode is an effort to include all characters from all currently and historically used human languages into single character enumeration (effectively one large single code page), removing the need to distinguish between different code pages when handling digitally stored text. Unicode tries to retain backwards compatibility with many legacy code pages, copying some code pages 1:1 in the design process. An explicit design goal of Unicode was to allow round-trip conversion between all common legacy code pages, although this goal has not always been achieved.
Some vendors, namely IBM and Microsoft, have anachronistically assigned code page numbers to Unicode encodings. This convention allows code page numbers to be used as metadata to identify the correct decoding algorithm when encountering binary stored data.

==IBM code pages==
=== EBCDIC-based code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its EBCDIC character sets for [[IBM mainframe|mainframe computers]].
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* 1 – USA WP, Original
* 2 – USA
* 3 – USA Accounting, Version A
* 4 – USA
* 5 – USA
* 6 – Latin America
* 7 – Germany F.R. / Austria
* 8 – Germany F.R.
* 9 – France, Belgium
* 10 – Canada (English)
* 11 – Canada (French)
* 12 – Italy
* 13 – Netherlands
* 14 –
* 15 – Switzerland (French)
* 16 – Switzerland (French / German)
* 17 – Switzerland (German)
* 18 – Sweden / Finland
* 19 – Sweden / Finland WP, version 2
* 20 – Denmark/Norway
* 21 – Brazil
* 22 – Portugal
* 23 – United Kingdom
* 24 – United Kingdom
* 25 – Japan (Latin)
* 26 – Japan (Latin)
* 27 – Greece (Latin)
* 28 –&lt;!-- Greece (Latin)??? --&gt;
* 29 – Iceland
* 30 – Turkey
* 31 – South Africa
* 32 – Czechoslovakia (Czech / Slovak)
* 33 – Czechoslovakia
* 34 – Czechoslovakia
* 35 – Romania
* 36 – Romania
* 37 – USA/Canada - CECP (same with euro: 1140|1140)
* 37-2 – The real 3279 APL codepage, as used by C/370. This is very close to 1047, except for caret and not-sign inverted. It is not officially recognized by IBM, even though SHARE has pointed out its existence.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 38 – USA ASCII
* 39 – United Kingdom / Israel
* 40 – United Kingdom
* 251 – China
* 252 – Poland
* 254 – Hungary
* 256 – International #1 (superseded by 500|500)
* 257 – International #2
* 258 – International #3
* 259 – Symbols, Set 7
* 260 – Canadian French - 116
* 264 – Print Train &amp; Text processing extended
* 273 – Germany F.R./Austria - CECP (same with euro: 1141|1141)
* 274 – Old Belgium Code Page
* 275 – Brazil - CECP
* 276 – Canada (French) - 94
* 277 – Denmark, Norway - CECP (same with euro: 1142|1142)
* 278 – Finland, Sweden - CECP (same with euro: 1143|1143)
* 279 – French - 94&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 280 – Italy - CECP (same with euro: 1144|1144)
* 281 – Japan (Latin) - CECP
* 282 – Portugal - CECP
* 283 – Spain - 190&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 284 – Spain/Latin America - CECP (same with euro: 1145|1145)
* 285 – United Kingdom - CECP (same with euro: 1146|1146)
* 286 – Austria / Germany F.R. Alternate
* 287 – Denmark / Norway Alternate
* 288 – Finland / Sweden Alternate
* 289 – Spain Alternate
* 290 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended
* [[w:Code page 293|293]] – APL
* 297 – France (same with euro: 1147)&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 298 – Japan (Katakana)
* 300 – Japan (Kanji) DBCS (For JIS X 0213)
* [[w:Code page 310|310]] – Graphic Escape APL/TN
* 320 – Hungary
* 321 – Yugoslavia
* 322 – Turkey
* 330 – International #4
* [[w:Code page 351|351]] – GDDM default
* 352 – Printing and publishing option
* [[w:Code page 353|353]] – BCDIC-A
* [[w:Code page 355|355]] – PTTC/BCD standard option
* [[w:Code page 357|357]] – PTTC/BCD H option
* [[w:Code page 358|358]] – PTTC/BCD Correspondence option
* [[w:Code page 359|359]] – PTTC/BCD Monocase option
* [[w:Code page 360|360]] – PTTC/BCD Duocase option
* 361 – EBCDIC Publishing International
* 363 – Symbols, set 8
* 382 – EBCDIC Publishing Austria, Germany F.R. Alternate
* 383 – EBCDIC Publishing Belgium
* 384 – EBCDIC Publishing Brazil
* 385 – EBCDIC Publishing Canada (French)
* 386 – EBCDIC Publishing Denmark, Norway
* 387 – EBCDIC Publishing Finland, Sweden
* 388 – EBCDIC Publishing France
* 389 – EBCDIC Publishing Italy
* 390 – EBCDIC Publishing Japan (Latin)
* 391 – EBCDIC Publishing Portugal
* 392 – EBCDIC Publishing Spain, Philippines
* 393 – EBCDIC Publishing Latin America (Spanish Speaking)
* 394 – EBCDIC Publishing China (Hong Kong), UK, Ireland
* 395 – EBCDIC Publishing Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada (English)
* 410 – Cyrillic (revisions: 880, 1025, 1154)
* 420 – Arabic
* 421 – Maghreb/French
* 423 – Greek (superseded by 875)
* 424 – Hebrew (Bulletin Code)
* 425 – Arabic / Latin for OS/390 Open Edition
* 435 – Teletext Isomorphic
* 500 – International #5 (ECECP; supersedes 256) (same with euro: 1148)
* 803 – Hebrew Character Set A (Old Code)
* 829 – Host Math Symbols- Publishing
* 833 – Korean Extended (SBCS)
* 834 – Korean Hangul (KSC5601; DBCS with UDCs)
* 835 – Traditional Chinese DBCS
* 836 – Simplified Chinese Extended
* 837 – Simplified Chinese DBCS
* 838 – Thai with Low Marks &amp; Accented Characters (same with euro: 1160)
* 839 – Thai DBCS
* 870 – Latin 2 (same with euro: 1153) (revision: 1110)
* 871 – Iceland (same with euro: 1149)&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 875 – Greek (supersedes 423)
* 880 – Cyrillic (revision of 410) (revisions: 1025, 1154)
* 881 – United States - 5080 Graphics System
* 882 – United Kingdom - 5080 Graphics System
* 883 – Sweden - 5080 Graphics System
* 884 – Germany - 5080 Graphics System
* 885 – France - 5080 Graphics System
* 886 – Italy - 5080 Graphics System
* 887 – Japan - 5080 Graphics System
* 888 – France AZERTY - 5080 Graphics System
* 889 – Thailand
* 890 – Yugoslavia
* 892 – EBCDIC, OCR A
* 893 – EBCDIC, OCR B
* 905 – Latin 3
* 918 – Urdu Bilingual
* 924 – Latin 9
* 930 – Japan MIX (290 + 300) (same with euro: 1390)
* 931 – Japan MIX (37 + 300)
* 933 – Korea MIX (833 + 834) (same with euro: 1364)
* 935 – Simplified Chinese MIX (836 + 837) (same with euro: 1388)
* 937 – Traditional Chinese MIX (37 + 835) (same with euro: 1371)
* 939 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300) (same with euro: 1399)
* 1001 – MICR
* 1002 – EBCDIC DCF Release 2 Compatibility
* 1003 – EBCDIC DCF, US Text subset
* 1005 – EBCDIC Isomorphic Text Communication
* 1007 – EBCDIC Arabic (XCOM2)
* 1024 – EBCDIC T.61
* 1025 – Cyrillic, Multilingual (same with euro: 1154) (Revision of 880)
* 1026 – EBCDIC Turkey (Latin 5) (same with euro: 1155) (supersedes 905 in that country)
* 1027 – Japanese (Latin) Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended)
* 1028 – EBCDIC Publishing Hebrew
* 1030 – Japanese (Katakana) Extended
* 1031 – Japanese (Latin) Extended
* 1032 – MICR, E13-B Combined
* 1033 – MICR, CMC-7 Combined
* 1037 – Korea - 5080/6090 Graphics System
* 1039 – GML Compatibility
* 1047 – Latin 1/Open Systems&lt;!-- C/370 variant of codepage 37, which takes into account the encoding of brackets that was inherited from the 3270 display system --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;/&gt;
* 1068 – DCF Compatibility
* 1069 – Latin 4
* 1070 – USA / Canada Version 0 ([[Code page 37 Version 0)
* 1071 – Germany F.R. / Austria
* 1073 – Brazil
* 1074 – Denmark, Norway
* 1075 – Finland, Sweden
* 1076 – Italy
* 1077 – Japan (Latin)
* 1078 – Portugal
* 1079 – Spain / Latin America Version 0 ([[Code page 284 Version 0)
* 1080 – United Kingdom
* 1081 – France Version 0 ([[Code page 297 Version 0)
* 1082 – Israel (Hebrew)
* 1083 – Israel (Hebrew)
* 1084 – International #5 Version 0 ([[Code page 500 Version 0)
* 1085 – Iceland
* 1087 – Symbol Set
* 1091 – Modified Symbols, Set 7
* {{anchor|CP1093}} 1093 – IBM Logo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Code Page CPGID 01093 (pdf)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708031831/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-08|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01093z.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1097 – Farsi Bilingual
* 1110 – Latin 2 (Revision of 870)
* 1112 – Baltic Multilingual (same with euro: 1156)
* 1113 – Latin 6
* 1122 – Estonia (same with euro: 1157)
* 1123 – Cyrillic, Ukraine (same with euro: 1158)
* 1130 – Vietnamese (same with euro: 1164)
* 1132 – Lao EBCDIC
* 1136 – Hitachi Katakana
* 1137 – Devanagari EBCDIC
* 1140 – USA, Canada, etc. ECECP (same without euro: 37) (Traditional Chinese version: 1159)
* 1141 – Austria, Germany ECECP (same without euro: 273)
* 1142 – Denmark, Norway ECECP (same without euro: 277)
* 1143 – Finland, Sweden ECECP (same without euro: 278)
* 1144 – Italy ECECP (same without euro: 280)
* 1145 – Spain, Latin America (Spanish) ECECP (same without euro: 284)
* 1146 – UK ECECP (same without euro: 285)
* 1147 – France ECECP with euro (same without euro: 297)
* 1148 – International ECECP with euro (same without euro: 500)
* 1149 – Icelandic ECECP with euro (same without euro: 871)
* 1150 – Korean Extended with box characters
* 1151 – Simplified Chinese Extended with box characters
* 1152 – Traditional Chinese Extended with box characters
* 1153 – Latin 2 Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 870)
* 1154 – Cyrillic, Multilingual with euro (same without euro: 1025; an older version is * 1166)
* 1155 – Turkey with euro (same without euro: 1026)
* 1156 – Baltic Multi with euro (same without euro: 1112)
* 1157 – Estonia with euro (same without euro: 1122)
* 1158 – Cyrillic, Ukraine with euro (same without euro: 1123)
* 1159 – T-Chinese EBCDIC (Traditional Chinese euro update of * 1140)
* 1160 – Thai with Low Marks &amp; Accented Characters with euro (same without euro: 838)
* 1164 – Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: 1130)
* 1165 – Latin 2/Open Systems
* 1166 – Cyrillic Kazakh
* 1278 – EBCDIC Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding
* 1279 – Hitachi Japanese Katakana Host&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt;
* 1303 – EBCDIC Bar Code 
* 1364 – Korea MIX (833 + 834 + euro) (same without euro: 933)
* 1371 – Traditional Chinese MIX (1159 + 835) (same without euro: 937)
* 1376 – Traditional Chinese DBCS Host extension for HKSCS
* 1377 – Mixed Host HKSCS Growing (37 + 1376)
* 1388 – Simplified Chinese MIX (same without euro: 935) (836 + 837 + euro)
* 1390 – Simplified Chinese MIX Japan MIX (same without euro: 930) (290 + 300 + euro)
* 1399 – Japan MIX (1027 + 300 + euro) (same without euro: 939)
{{div col end}}

=== DOS code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[PC DOS]] operating system. These code pages were originally embedded directly in the [[text mode]] hardware of the graphic adapters used with the [[IBM PC]] and its clones, including the original MDA and CGA adapters whose character sets could only be changed by physically replacing a ROM chip that contained the font.  The interface of those adapters (emulated by all later adapters such as VGA) was typically limited to single byte character sets with only 256 characters in each font/encoding (although VGA added partial support for slightly larger character sets).

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 301|301]] – IBM-PC Japan (Kanji) DBCS
* [[Code page 437|437]] – Original IBM PC hardware code page
* [[Code page 720|720]] – Arabic (Transparent ASMO)
* [[Code page 737|737]] – [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Code page 775|775]] – Latin-7
* [[Code page 808|808]] – Russian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 866|866]])
* [[Code page 848|848]] – Ukrainian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1125|1125]])
* [[Code page 849|849]] – Belorussian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1131|1131]])
* [[Code page 850|850]] – Latin-1
* [[Code page 851|851]] – Greek
* [[Code page 852|852]] – Latin-2
* [[Code page 853|853]] – Latin-3
* [[Code page 855|855]] – [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] (same with euro: [[Code page 872|872]])
* [[Code page 856|856]] – [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 857|857]] – Latin-5
* [[Code page 858|858]] – Latin-1 with [[euro]] symbol
* [[Code page 859|859]] – Latin-9
* [[Code page 860|860]] – [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* [[Code page 861|861]] – [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 862|862]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 863|863]] – [[French language|Canadian French]]
* [[Code page 864|864]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 865|865]] – [[Danish language|Danish]]/[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
* [[Code page 866|866]] – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian (same with euro: [[Code page 808|808]])
* [[Code page 867|867]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] + euro (based on CP862) (conflictive ID: NEC [[Kamenický encoding|Czech (Kamenický)]], which was created before this codepage)
* [[Code page 868|868]] – [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
* [[Code page 869|869]] – [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 872|872]] – Cyrillic with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 855|855]])
* [[Code page 874|874]] – Thai with Low Tone Marks &amp; Ancient Chars (conflictive ID with Windows 874; version with euro: [[Code page 1161|1161]] Windows version: is IBM [[Code page 1162|1162]])&lt;!-- Attention! Neither IBM 874 nor Windows 874 are rigorously the same as ISO 8859-11 / TIS 620-2533 ISO 8859-11 is probably IBM 873--&gt;
* [[Code page 876|876]] – OCR A
* [[Code page 877|877]] – OCR B
* [[Code page 878|878]] – [[KOI8-R]]
* [[Code page 891|891]] – Korean PC SBCS
* [[Code page 898|898]] – IBM-PC WP Multilingual
* [[Code page 899|899]] – IBM-PC Symbol
* [[Code page 903|903]] – Simplified Chinese PC SBCS
* [[Code page 904|904]] – Traditional Chinese PC SBCS
* [[Code page 906|906]] – International Set #5 3812/3820
* [[Code page 907|907]] – ASCII APL (3812)
* [[Code page 909|909]] – IBM-PC APL2 Extended
* [[Code page 910|910]] – IBM-PC APL2
* [[Code page 911|911]] – IBM-PC Japan #1
* [[Code page 926|926]] – Korean PC DBCS
* [[Code page 927|927]] – Traditional Chinese PC DBCS
* [[Code page 928|928]] – Simplified Chinese PC DBCS
* [[Code page 929|929]] – Thai PC DBCS
* [[Code page 932 (IBM)|932]] – IBM-PC Japan MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 301|301]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 932; Windows version is IBM 943)
* [[Code page 934|934]] – IBM-PC Korea MIX (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 891|891]] + [[Code page 926|926]])
* [[Code page 936 (IBM)|936]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX (gb2312) (DOS/V) (DBCS) ([[Code page 903|903]] + [[Code page 928|928]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 936; Windows version is IBM 1386)
* [[Code page 938|938]] – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese MIX (DOS/V, OS/2) ([[Code page 904|904]] + [[Code page 927|927]]) 
* [[Code page 942|942]] – IBM-PC Japan MIX (Japanese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1041|1041]] + [[Code page 301|301]])
* [[Code page 943|943]] – IBM-PC Japan OPEN ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 941|941]]) (Windows CP 932)
* [[Code page 944|944]] – IBM-PC Korea MIX (Korean SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1040|1040]] + [[Code page 926|926]])
* [[Code page 946|946]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese (Simplified Chinese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1042|1042]] + [[Code page 928|928]])
* [[Code page 948|948]] – IBM-PC Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese SAA (OS/2)) ([[Code page 1043|1043]] + [[Code page 927|927]])
* [[Code page 949 (IBM)|949]] – Korean (Extended Wansung (ks_c_5601-1987)) ([[Code page 1088|1088]] + [[Code page 951|951]]) (conflictive ID with Windows 949 (Unified Hangul Code); Windows version is IBM 1363)
* [[Code page 951|951]] – Korean DBCS (IBM KS Code) (conflictive ID with Windows 951, a hack of Windows 950 with Unicode mappings for some PUA Unicode characters found in HKSCS, based on the file name)
* [[Code page 1034|1034]] – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #2
* [[Code page 1040|1040]] – Korean Extended 
* [[Code page 1041|1041]] – Japanese Extended (JIS X 0201 Extended)
* [[Code page 1042|1042]] – Simplified Chinese Extended 
* [[Code page 1043|1043]] – Traditional Chinese Extended
* [[Code page 1044|1044]] – Printer Application - Shipping Label, Set #1
* [[Code page 1046|1046]] – Arabic Extended (Euro)
* [[Code page 1086|1086]] – IBM-PC Japan #1
* [[Code page 1088|1088]] – Revised Korean (SBCS)
* [[Code page 1092|1092]] – IBM-PC Modified Symbols
* [[Code page 1098|1098]] – [[Persian language|Farsi]]
* [[Code page 1108|1108]] – DITROFF Base Compatibility
* [[Code page 1109|1109]] – DITROFF Specials Compatibility
* [[Code page 1115|1115]] – IBM-PC People's Republic of China
* [[Code page 1116|1116]] – Estonian
* [[Code page 1117|1117]] – Latvian
* [[Code page 1118|1118]] – Lithuanian (IBM's implementation of Lika's [[code page 774]])
* [[Code page 1119|1119]] – Lithuanian and Russian (IBM's implementation of Lika's [[code page 772]])
* [[Code page 1125|1125]] – Cyrillic, Ukrainian (same with euro: [[Code page 848|848]]) (IBM modifocation of [[RUSCII character set|RUSCII]])
* [[Code page 1127|1127]] – IBM-PC Arabic / French
* [[Code page 1131|1131]] – IBM-PC Data, Cyrillic, Belarusian (same with euro: [[Code page 849|849]])
* [[Code page 1139|1139]] – Japan Alphanumeric Katakana
* [[Code page 1161|1161]] – Thai with Low Tone Marks &amp; Ancient Chars with euro  (same without euro: [[Code page 874|874]])
* [[Code page 1167|1167]] – [[KOI8-RU]]
* [[Code page 1168|1168]] – [[KOI8-U]]
* [[Code page 1300|1300]] – ANSI [PTS-DOS 6.70, not 6.51]
* [[Code page 1370|1370]] – Traditional Chinese MIX ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]]) ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 947|947]] + euro) (same without euro: [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1380|1380]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GB PC-DATA (DBCS PC IBM GB 2312-80)
* [[Code page 1381|1381]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese ([[Code page 1115|1115]] + [[Code page 1380|1380]])
* [[Code page 1393|1393]] – Japanese JIS X 0213 DBCS
* [[Code page 1394|1394]] – IBM-PC Japan (JIS X 0213) ([[Code page 897|897]] + [[Code page 1393|1393]])
{{div col end}}

When dealing with older hardware, protocols and file formats, it is often necessary to support these code pages, but newer encoding systems, in particular Unicode, are encouraged for new designs.

DOS code pages are typically stored in .CPI files.&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elliott_2006_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AEB_2001_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Haralambous_2007_CPI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_1991_PR&quot;/&gt;

=== IBM AIX code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[AIX]] operating system. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO, such as UNIX-like operating systems.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 367|367]] – 7-bit US-ASCII
* [[Code page 371|371]] – 7-bit US-ASCII APL
* [[Code page 806|806]] – ISCII
* [[Code page 813|813]] – [[ISO 8859-7]]
* [[Code page 819|819]] – [[ISO 8859-1]]
* [[Code page 895|895]] – 7-bit Japan Latin
* [[Code page 896|896]] – 7-bit Japan Katakana Extended
* [[Code page 901|901]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-13]] with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 921|921]])
* [[Code page 902|902]] – ISO Estonian with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 922|922]])
* [[Code page 912|912]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-2]]
* [[Code page 913|913]] – [[ISO 8859-3]]
* [[Code page 914|914]] – [[ISO 8859-4]]
* [[Code page 915|915]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-5]]
* [[Code page 916|916]] – [[ISO 8859-8]]
* [[Code page 919|919]] – [[ISO 8859-10]]
* [[Code page 920|920]] – [[ISO 8859-9]]
* [[Code page 921|921]] – Extension of [[ISO 8859-13]] (same with euro: [[Code page 901|901]])
* [[Code page 922|922]] – ISO Estonian (same with euro: [[Code page 902|902]])
* [[Code page 923|923]] – [[ISO 8859-15]]
* [[Code page 952|952]] – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0208
* [[Code page 953|953]] – EUC Japanese for JIS X 0212
* [[Code page 954|954]] – EUC Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 955|955]] – TCP Japanese, JIS X 0208-1978
* [[Code page 956|956]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 957|957]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 895|895]] + [[Code page 955|955]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 958|958]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 959|959]] – TCP Japanese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 955|955]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 960|960]] – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Primary Set (1st plane)
* [[Code page 961|961]] – Traditional Chinese DBCS-EUC SICGCC Full Set + IBM Select + UDC
* [[Code page 963|963]] – Traditional Chinese TCP, CNS 11643 plane 2 only
* [[Code page 964|964]] – EUC Traditional Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 960|960]] + [[Code page 961|961]])
* [[Code page 965|965]] – TCP Traditional Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 960|960]] + [[Code page 963|963]])
* [[Code page 970|970]] – EUC Korean ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 971|971]])
* [[Code page 971|971]] – EUC Korean DBCS (G1, KSC 5601 1989 (including 188 UDC))
* [[Code page 1006|1006]] – ISO 8-bit Urdu
* [[Code page 1008|1008]] – ISO 8-bit Arabic 
* [[Code page 1009|1009]] – 7-bit ISO IRV
* [[Code page 1010|1010]] – 7-bit France
* [[Code page 1011|1011]] – 7-bit Germany F.R.
* [[Code page 1012|1012]] – 7-bit Italy
* [[Code page 1013|1013]] – 7-bit United Kingdom
* [[Code page 1014|1014]] – 7-bit Spain
* [[Code page 1015|1015]] – 7-bit Portugal
* [[Code page 1016|1016]] – 7-bit Norway
* [[Code page 1017|1017]] – 7-bit Denmark
* [[Code page 1018|1018]] – 7-bit Finland/Sweden
* [[Code page 1019|1019]] – 7-bit Netherlands
* [[Code page 1029|1029]] – Arabic Extended
* [[Code page 1036|1036]] – CCITT T.61
* [[Code page 1089|1089]] – [[ISO 8859-6]]
* [[Code page 1111|1111]] – [[ISO 8859-2]]
* [[Code page 1124|1124]] – ISO Ukrainian, similar to [[ISO 8859-5]]
* [[Code page 1129|1129]] – ISO Vietnamese (same with euro: [[Code page 1163|1163]])
* [[Code page 1133|1133]] – ISO Lao
* [[Code page 1163|1163]] – ISO Vietnamese with euro (same without euro: [[Code page 1129|1129]])
* [[Code page 1350|1350]] – EUC Japanese (JISeucJP) ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 952|952]] + [[Code page 896|896]] + [[Code page 953|953]])
* [[Code page 1382|1382]] – EUC Simplified Chinese (DBCS PC GB 2312-80)
* [[Code page 1383|1383]] – EUC Simplified Chinese ([[Code page 367|367]] + [[Code page 1382|1382]])
{{div col end}}

Code page 819 is identical to Latin-1, [[ISO/IEC 8859-1]], and with slightly-modified commands, permits MS-DOS machines to use that encoding. It was used with IBM AS/400 minicomputers.

=== IBM OS/2 code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM in its [[DOS#DOS under OS.2F2 and Windows|OS/2]] operating system.
* [[Code page 1004|1004]] – Latin-1 Extended, Desk Top Publishing/Windows&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_CP1004&quot;/&gt;

=== Windows emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Microsoft Windows]] character sets. Most of these code pages have the same number as Microsoft code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. Some code pages, though, are new from IBM, not devised by Microsoft.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 897|897]] – IBM-PC SBCS Japanese (JIS X 0201-1976)
* [[Code page 941|941]] – IBM-PC Japanese DBCS for Open environment
* [[Code page 947|947]] – IBM-PC DBCS for ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]])
* [[Code page 950|950]] – Traditional Chinese MIX ([[Big5|Big5 encoding]]) ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 947|947]]) (same with euro: [[Code page 1370|1370]])
* [[Code page 1114|1114]] – IBM-PC SBCS (Simplified Chinese; [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]]; Traditional Chinese; [[Big5|Big5 encoding]])
* [[Code page 1126|1126]] – IBM-PC Korean SBCS
* [[Code page 1162|1162]] – Windows Thai (Extension of [[Code page 874|874]]; but still called that in Windows)
* [[Code page 1169|1169]] – Windows Cyrillic Asian
* [[Code page 1174|1174]] – Windows Kazakh&lt;ref name=&quot;Kazakh_1174&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --&gt;
* [[Code page 1250|1250]] – Windows [[Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 1251|1251]] – Windows [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 1252|1252]] – Windows [[Western Europe|Western]]
* [[Code page 1253|1253]] – Windows [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 1254|1254]] – Windows [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 1255|1255]] – Windows [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 1256|1256]] – Windows [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 1257|1257]] – Windows [[Baltic languages|Baltic]]
* [[Code page 1258|1258]] – Windows [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]]
* [[Code page 1361|1361]] – Korean ([[JOHAB]])
* [[Code page 1362|1362]] – Korean Hangul DBCS
* [[Code page 1363|1363]] – Windows Korean ([[Code page 1126|1126]] + [[Code page 1362|1362]]) (Windows CP 949)
* [[Code page 1372|1372]] – IBM-PC MS T Chinese [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] (Special for DB2)
* [[Code page 1373|1373]] – Windows Traditional Chinese (extension of [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1374|1374]] – IBM-PC DB [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] extension for HKSCS
* [[Code page 1375|1375]] – Mixed [[Big5|Big5 encoding]] extension for HKSCS (intended to match [[Code page 950|950]])
* [[Code page 1385|1385]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese DBCS (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.)
* [[Code page 1386|1386]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese GBK ([[Code page 1114|1114]] + [[Code page 1385|1385]]) (Windows CP 936)
* [[Code page 1391|1391]] – Simplified Chinese 4 Byte (Growing CS for GB18030, also used for GBK PC-DATA.)
* [[Code page 1392|1392]] – IBM-PC Simplified Chinese MIX ([[Code page 1252|1252]] + [[Code page 1385|1385]] + [[Code page 1391|1391]])
{{div col end}}

=== Macintosh emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the Apple [[Macintosh]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1275|1275]] – Apple Roman
* [[Code page 1280|1280]] – Apple Greek
* [[Code page 1281|1281]] – Apple Turkish
* [[Code page 1282|1282]] – Apple Central European
* [[Code page 1283|1283]] – Apple Cyrillic
* [[Code page 1284|1284]] – Apple Croatian
* [[Code page 1285|1285]] – Apple Romanian
* [[Code page 1286|1286]] – Apple Icelandic
{{div col end}}

=== Adobe emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1038|1038]] – Adobe Symbol Encoding
* [[Code page 1276|1276]] – Adobe (PostScript) Standard Encoding
* [[Code page 1277|1277]] – Adobe (PostScript) Latin 1
{{div col end}}

=== HP emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1050|1050]] – HP Roman Extension
* [[Code page 1051|1051]] – HP Roman-8
* [[Code page 1052|1052]] – HP Gothic Legal
* [[Code page 1053|1053]] – HP Gothic-1 (almost the same as [[ISO 8859-1]])
* [[Code page 1054|1054]] – HP ASCII
* [[Code page 1055|1055]] – HP PC-Line
* [[Code page 1056|1056]] – HP Line Draw
* [[Code page 1057|1057]] – HP PC-8 (almost the same as [[code page 437]])
* [[Code page 1058|1058]] – HP PC-8DN ('''not''' the same as [[code page 865]])
* [[Code page 1351|1351]] – Japanese DBCS HP character set
* [[Code page 5039|5039]] – Japanese MIX ([[Code page 1041|1041]] + [[Code page 1351|1351]])
{{div col end}}

=== DEC emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by IBM when emulating the [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1020|1020]] – 7-bit Canadian (French) NRC Set
* [[Code page 1021|1021]] – 7-bit Switzerland NRC Set
* [[Code page 1023|1023]] – 7-bit Spanish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1090|1090]] – Special Characters and Line Drawing Set
* [[Multinational Character Set|1100]] – DEC Multinational
* [[Code page 1101|1101]] – 7-bit British NRC Set
* [[Code page 1102|1102]] – 7-bit Dutch NRC Set
* [[Code page 1103|1103]] – 7-bit Finnish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1104|1104]] – 7-bit French NRC Set
* [[Code page 1105|1105]] – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1106|1106]] – 7-bit Swedish NRC Set
* [[Code page 1107|1107]] – 7-bit Norwegian/Danish NRC Alternate
* [[Code Page 1287|1287]] – DEC Greek
* [[Code Page 1288|1288]] – DEC Turkish
{{div col end}}

=== IBM Unicode code pages ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1200|1200]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]]) with IBM [[Private Use Area]] (PUA)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|title=IBM Coded Character Set Identifier (CCSID)|website=IBM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126030417/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid_registered.jsp|archive-date=2009-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Code page 1201|1201]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1202|1202]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]]) with IBM PUA&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1203|1203]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1208|1208]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode with IBM PUA&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1209|1209]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1400|1400]] – ISO 10646 UCS-BMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1401|1401]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SMP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1402|1402]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SIP (Based on Unicode 6.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1414|1414]] – ISO 10646 UCS-SSP (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1445|1445]] – IBM AFP PUA No. 1
* [[Code page 1446|1446]] – ISO 10646 [[UCS-PUP15]] (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1447|1447]] – ISO 10646 [[UCS-PUP16]] (Based on Unicode 4.0)&lt;ref name=&quot;ism-registered-ccsids&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 1448|1448]] – UCS-BMP (Generic UDC)
* [[Code page 1449|1449]] – IBM default PUA
{{div col end}}

== Microsoft code pages ==
{{main|Windows code page}}

=== Windows code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft in its own Windows operating system. Microsoft defined [[windows code pages|a number of code pages]] known as the ANSI code pages (as the first one, 1252 was based on an [[apocrypha]]l ANSI draft of what became [[ISO 8859-1]]). Code page 1252 is built on ISO 8859-1 but uses the range 0x80-0x9F for extra printable characters rather than the C1 control codes used in ISO-8859-1. Some of the others are based in part on other parts of [[ISO 8859]] but often rearranged to make them closer to 1252.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1162|874]] – Windows [[Thai script|Thai]]
* [[Code page 1250|1250]] – Windows [[Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 1251|1251]] – Windows [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 1252|1252]] – Windows [[Western Europe|Western]]
* [[Code page 1253|1253]] – Windows [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
* [[Code page 1254|1254]] – Windows [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 1255|1255]] – Windows [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 1256|1256]] – Windows [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 1257|1257]] – Windows [[Baltic languages|Baltic]]
* [[Code page 1258|1258]] – Windows [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]]
{{div col end}}

Microsoft recommends new applications use UTF-8 or UCS-2/UTF-16 instead of these code pages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepages&quot;/&gt;

=== DBCS code pages ===
These code pages represent [[DBCS]] character encodings for various CJK languages. In Microsoft operating systems, these are used as both the &quot;OEM&quot; and &quot;Windows&quot; code page for the applicable locale.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)|932]] – Supports [[Japanese writing system|Japanese]] [[Shift-JIS]]
* [[Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)|936]] – Supports [[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]] [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]]
* [[Unified Hangul Code|949]] – Supports [[Hangul|Korean]] Unified Hangul Code
* [[Code page 950|950]] – Supports [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]] [[Big5]]
{{div col end}}

=== MS-DOS code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft in its MS-DOS operating system. Microsoft refers to these as the OEM code pages because they were defined by the [[original equipment manufacturer]]s who licensed MS-DOS for distribution with their hardware, not by Microsoft or a standards organization. Most of these code pages have the same number as the equivalent IBM code pages, although they are not '''exactly''' identical. There are minimum differences&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM&quot;/&gt; in some code pages from IBM and Microsoft.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 708|708]] – Arabic (ASMO 708)
* [[Code page 709|709]] – Arabic ([[Code page ASMO449+|ASMO 449+]]/BCON V4)&lt;!-- not sure if available in any DOS --&gt;
* [[Code page 710|710]] – Arabic (Transparent Arabic)&lt;!-- not sure if available in any DOS --&gt;
* [[Code page 720|720]] – Arabic (Transparent ASMO)
* [[Code page 737|737]] – [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Code page 850|850]] – Latin-1
* [[Code page 851|851]] – Greek
* [[Code page 852|852]] – Latin-2
* [[Code page 855|855]] – [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 857|857]] – Latin-5
* [[Code page 858|858]] – Latin-1 with [[euro]] symbol
* [[Code page 859|859]] – Latin-9
* [[Code page 860|860]] – [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* [[Code page 861|861]] – [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 862|862]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
* [[Code page 863|863]] – [[French language|Canadian French]]
* [[Code page 864|864]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 865|865]] – [[Danish language|Danish]]/[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
* [[Code page 866|866]] – Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian
* [[Code page 869|869]] – [[Greek alphabet|Greek]]
{{div col end}}

=== Macintosh emulation code pages ===
These code pages are used by Microsoft when emulating the Apple [[Macintosh]] character sets.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 10000|10000]] - Apple [[Mac-Roman encoding|Macintosh Roman]]
* [[Code page 10001|10001]] - Apple Japanese
* [[Code page 10002|10002]] - Apple Traditional Chinese (Big5)
* [[Code page 10003|10003]] - Apple Korean
* [[Code page 10004|10004]] - Apple [[MacArabic encoding|Arabic]]
* [[Code page 10005|10005]] - Apple Hebrew
* [[Code page 10006|10006]] - Apple [[MacGreek encoding|Greek]]
* [[Code page 10007|10007]] - Apple [[MacCyrillic encoding|Macintosh Cyrillic]]
* [[Code page 10008|10008]] - Apple Simplified Chinese (GB 2312)
* [[Code page 10010|10010]] - Apple [[MacRomanian encoding|Romanian]]
* [[Code page 10017|10017]] - Apple [[Macintosh Ukrainian encoding|Ukrainian]]
* [[Code page 10021|10021]] - Apple Thai
* [[Code page 10029|10029]] - Apple [[Macintosh Central European encoding|Macintosh Central Europe]]
* [[Code page 10079|10079]] - Apple [[Mac Icelandic encoding|Icelandic]]
* [[Code page 10081|10081]] - Apple [[MacTurkish encoding|Turkish]]
* [[Code page 10082|10082]] - Apple [[MacCroatian encoding|Croatian]]
{{div col end}}

=== Various other Microsoft code pages ===
The following code page numbers are specific to Microsoft Windows. IBM may use different numbers for these code pages. They emulate several character sets, namely those ones designed to be used accordingly to ISO,{{huh|date=July 2020}} such as UNIX-like operating systems.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 20000|20000]] – Traditional Chinese CNS
* [[Code page 20001|20001]] – Traditional Chinese TCA
* [[Code page 20002|20002]] – Traditional Chinese ETEN
* [[Code page 20003|20003]] – Traditional Chinese IBM5500
* [[Code page 20004|20004]] – Traditional Chinese TeleText
* [[Code page 20005|20005]] – Traditional Chinese Wang
* [[Code page 20105|20105]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] [[ISO-646-IRV|IRV]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20105&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5 --&gt;
* [[Code page 20106|20106]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] German (DIN 66003)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20106&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-German --&gt;
* [[Code page 20107|20107]] – 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] Swedish (SEN 850200 C)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20107&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Swedish --&gt;
* [[Code page 20108|20108]] - 7-bit [[ITU T.50|IA5]] Norwegian (NS 4551-2)&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20108&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate, x-IA5-Norwegian --&gt;
* [[Code page 20127|20127]] – 7-bit [[US-ASCII]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20127&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Windows 7 Ultimate --&gt;
* [[Code page 20261|20261]] – [[ITU T.61|CCITT T.61]]
* [[Code page 20269|20269]] – [[ISO 6937]]
* [[Code page 20273|20273]]
* [[Code page 20277|20277]]
* [[Code page 20278|20278]]
* [[Code page 20284|20284]]
* [[Code page 20285|20285]]
* [[Code page 20290|20290]]
* [[Code page 20297|20297]]
* [[Code page 20420|20420]]
* [[Code page 20423|20423]]
* [[Code page 20424|20424]]
* [[Code page 20833|20833]]
* [[Code page 20838|20838]]
* [[Code page 20866|20866]] – [[KOI8-R]]
* [[Code page 20871|20871]]
* [[Code page 20880|20880]]
* [[Code page 20905|20905]]
* [[Code page 20924|20924]]
* [[Code page 20932|20932]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 1350? --&gt;
* [[Code page 20936|20936]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 1381? --&gt;
* [[Code page 20949|20949]]&lt;!-- IBM Code Page 949? --&gt;
* [[Code page 21025|21025]]
* [[Code page 21027|21027]]
* [[Code page 21866|21866]] – [[KOI8-U]]
* [[Code page 28591|28591]] – [[ISO-8859-1]]
* [[Code page 28592|28592]] – [[ISO-8859-2]]
* [[Code page 28593|28593]] – [[ISO-8859-3]]
* [[Code page 28594|28594]] – [[ISO-8859-4]]
* [[Code page 28595|28595]] – [[ISO-8859-5]]
* [[Code page 28596|28596]] – [[ISO-8859-6]]
* [[Code page 28597|28597]] – [[ISO-8859-7]]
* [[Code page 28598|28598]] – [[ISO-8859-8]]
* [[Code page 28599|28599]] – [[ISO-8859-9]]
* [[Code page 28600|28600]] – [[ISO-8859-10]]
* [[Code page 28601|28601]] – [[ISO-8859-11]]
* [[Code page 28602|28602]] – not used (reserved for [[ISO-8859-12]])
* [[Code page 28603|28603]] – [[ISO-8859-13]]
* [[Code page 28604|28604]] – [[ISO-8859-14]]
* [[Code page 28605|28605]] – [[ISO-8859-15]]
* [[Code page 28606|28606]] – [[ISO-8859-16]]
* [[Code page 38596|38596]] – [[ISO-8859-6]]&lt;!-- similar to CP28596 --&gt;
* [[Code page 38598|38598]] – [[ISO-8859-8]]&lt;!-- similar to CP28598 --&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Microsoft Unicode code pages ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 1200|1200]] – [[UTF-16LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])
* [[Code page 1201|1201]] – [[UTF-16BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])
* [[Code page 12000|12000]] – [[UTF-32LE]] Unicode ([[little-endian]])
* [[Code page 12001|12001]] – [[UTF-32BE]] Unicode ([[big-endian]])
* [[Code page 65000|65000]] – [[UTF-7]] Unicode
* [[Code page 65001|65001]] – [[UTF-8]] Unicode
* [[Code page 65520|65520]] – Empty Unicode Plane
{{div col end}}

== HP Symbol Sets ==
HP developed a series of Symbol Sets (each with its associated Symbol Set Code) to encode either its own character sets or other vendors’ character sets. They are normally 7-bit character sets which, when moved to the higher part and associated with the ASCII character set, make up 8-bit character sets.
&lt;!-- This list is not exhaustive --&gt;

=== HP own Symbol Sets ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Symbol Set 0E — HP Roman Extension — 7-bit character set with accented letters (coded by IBM as [[code page 1050]])
* Symbol Set 0G — HP 7-bit German
* Symbol Set 0L — HP Line Draw (coded by IBM as [[code page 1056]])
* Symbol Set 0M — HP Math-7
* Symbol Set 0T — HP Thai-8
* Symbol Set 1S — HP 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 1U — HP 7-bit Gothic Legal (coded by IBM as [[code page 1052]])
* Symbol Set 4Q — 7-bit PC Line (coded by IBM as [[code page 1055]])
* Symbol Set 4U — [[HP Roman#HP Roman-9|HP Roman-9]] — Roman-8 + €
* Symbol Set 7J — HP Desktop
* Symbol Set 7S — HP 7-bit European Spanish
* Symbol Set 8E — HP East-8&lt;!-- Check if my source (http://www.cestina.cz/kodovani/) is not mistaken and that this symbol set really exists --&gt;
* Symbol Set 8G — HP Greek-8 (based on IR 088; not on ELOT 927)
* Symbol Set 8H — HP Hebrew-8
* Symbol Set 8I — MS LineDraw (ASCII + HP PC Line)
* Symbol Set 8K — HP Kana-8 (ASCII + Japanese Katakana)
* Symbol Set 8L — HP LineDraw (ASCII + HP Line Draw)
* Symbol Set 8M — HP Math-8 (ASCII + HP Math-8)
* Symbol Set 8R — HP Cyrillic-8&lt;!-- (ASCII + GOST 13052? KOI-8?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 8S — HP 7-bit Latin American Spanish
* Symbol Set 8T — HP Turkish-8
* Symbol Set 8U — [[HP Roman#HP Roman-8|HP Roman-8]] (ASCII + HP Roman Extension; coded by IBM as [[code page 1051]])
* Symbol Set 8V — HP Arabic-8&lt;!-- Contradictory sources about &quot;Arabic-8&quot;; http://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Printer-Software-and-Drivers/Arabic-fonts-on-Network-Printers/td-p/2231625 and http://printronix.com/emea/wp-content/uploads/manuals/PTX_PRM_ACA_P8_258187a.pdf --&gt;
* Symbol Set 9K — HP Korean-8&lt;!-- (ASCII + Jamo Code Table?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 9T — PC 8T (also known as Code Page 437-T; this is '''not''' [[code page 857]])
* Symbol Set 9V — Latin / Arabic for Windows (this is '''not''' [[code page 1256]])
* Symbol Set 11U — PC 8D/N (also known as Code Page 437-N; coded by IBM as [[code page 1058]]; this is '''not''' [[code page 865]])
* Symbol set 14G — PC-8 Greek Alternate (also known as Code Page 437-G; almost the same as [[code page 737]])
* Symbol Set 18K —&lt;!-- HP Korea-15? Korean; based on KS X 1001 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 18T —&lt;!-- HP ROC-15? Traditional Chinese; based on Big5 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 19C —&lt;!-- HP PRC-15? Simplified Chinese; based on GB 2312 --&gt;
* Symbol Set 19K —&lt;!-- HP Japan-15? Japanese; based on Shift-JIS; coded by IBM as [[code page 5039]] --&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Symbol Sets from other vendors ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Symbol Set 0D — ISO 60: 7-bit Norwegian
* Symbol Set 0F — ISO 25: 7-bit French
* Symbol Set 0H — HP 7-bit Hebrew — Practically the same as Israeli Standard [[SI 960]]
* Symbol Set 0I — ISO 15: 7-bit Italian
* Symbol Set 0K — ISO 14: 7-bit Japanese Katakana
* Symbol Set 0N — ISO 8859-1 Latin 1 (Initially called &quot;Gothic-1&quot;; coded by IBM as code page 1052)
* Symbol Set 0R — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1986 version — IR 111)
* Symbol Set 0S — ISO 11: 7-bit Swedish
* Symbol Set 0U — ISO 6: 7-bit U.S.
* Symbol Set 0V — Arabic&lt;!-- 7-bit or 8-bit? ASMO 449? --&gt;
* Symbol Set 1D — ISO 61: 7-bit Norwegian
* Symbol Set 1E — ISO 4: 7-bit U. K.
* Symbol Set 1F — ISO 69: 7-bit French
* Symbol Set 1G — ISO 21: 7-bit German
* Symbol Set 1K — ISO 13: 7-bit Japanese Latin
* Symbol Set 1T — Windows Thai (Practically the same as [[code page 1162|874]])
* Symbol Set 2K — ISO 57: 7-bit Simplified Chinese Latin
* Symbol Set 2N — ISO 8859-2 Latin 2
* Symbol Set 2S — ISO 17: 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 2U — ISO 2: 7-bit International Reverence Version
* Symbol Set 3N — ISO 8859-3 Latin 3
* Symbol Set 3R — PC-866 Russia (Practically the same as [[code page 866]])
* Symbol Set 3S — ISO 10: 7-bit Swedish
* Symbol Set 4N — ISO 8859-4 Latin 4
* Symbol Set 4S — ISO 16: 7-bit Portuguese
* Symbol Set 5M — PS Math Symbol (Practically the same as [[Adobe Symbols]])
* Symbol Set 5N — ISO 8859-9 Latin 5
* Symbol Set 5S — ISO 84: 7-bit Portuguese
* Symbol Set 5T — Windows 3.1 Latin-5 (Practically the same as [[code page 1254]])
* Symbol Set 6J — Microsoft Publishing
* Symbol Set 6M — Ventura Math
* Symbol Set 6N — ISO 8859-10 Latin 6
* Symbol Set 6S — ISO 85: 7-bit Spanish
* Symbol Set 7H — ISO 8859-8 Latin/Hebrew
* Symbol Set 9E — Windows 3.1 Latin 2 (Practically the same as [[code page 1250]])
* Symbol Set 9G — Windows 98 Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 1253]])
* Symbol Set 9J — PC 1004
* Symbol Set 9L — Ventura ITC Zapf Dingbats
* Symbol Set 9N — ISO 8859-15 Latin 9
* Symbol Set 9R — Windows 98 Cyrillic (Practically the same as [[code page 1251]])
* Symbol Set 9U — Windows 3.0
* Symbol Set 10G — PC-851 Latin/Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 851]])
* Symbol Set 10J — PS Text (Practically the same as [[PostScript Standard Encoding|Adobe Standard]])
* Symbol Set 10L — PS ITC Zapf Dingbats (Practically the same as [[Adobe Dingbats]])
* Symbol Set 10N — ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic (1988 version — IR 144)
* Symbol Set 10R — PC-855 Cyrillic (Practically the same as [[code page 855]])
* Symbol Set 10T — Teletex&lt;!-- (CCITT T.61?) --&gt;
* Symbol Set 10U — PC-8 (Practically the same as [[code page 437]]; coded by IBM as [[code page 1057]])
* Symbol Set 10V — CP-864 (Practically the same as [[code page 864]])
* Symbol Set 11G — CP-869 (Practically the same as [[code page 869]])
* Symbol Set 11J — PS ISO Latin-1 (Practically the same as [[Adobe Latin-1]])
* Symbol Set 11N — ISO 8859-6 Latin/Arabic
* Symbol Set 12G — PC Latin/Greek (Practically the same as [[code page 737]])
* Symbol Set 12J — MC Text (Practically the same as [[Mac OS Roman|Macintosh Roman]])
* Symbol Set 12N — ISO 8859-7 Latin/Greek
* Symbol Set 12R — PC Gost (Practically the same as [[PC GOST Main character set|PC GOST Main]])
* Symbol Set 12U — PC-850 Latin 1 (Practically the same as [[code page 850]])
* Symbol Set 13J — Ventura International
* Symbol Set 13R — PC Bulgarian (Practically the same as [[MIK (character set)|MIK]])
* Symbol Set 13U — PC-858 Latin 1 + € (Practically the same as [[code page 858]])
* Symbol Set 14J — Ventura U. S.
* Symbol Set 14L — Windows Dingbats
* Symbol Set 14P — ABICOMP International (Practically the same as [[ABICOMP character set|ABICOMP]])
* Symbol Set 14R — PC Ukrainian (Practically the same as [[RUSCII]])
* Symbol Set 15H — PC-862 Israel (Practically the same as [[code page 862]])
* Symbol Set 16U — PC-857 Latin 5 (Practically the same as [[code page 857]])
* Symbol Set 17U — PC-852 Latin 2 (Practically the same as [[code page 852]])
* Symbol Set 18N — [[UTF-8]]
* Symbol Set 18U — PC-853 Latin 3 (Practically the same as [[code page 853]])
* Symbol Set 19L — Windows 98 Baltic (Practically the same as [[code page 1257]])
* Symbol Set 19M — Windows Symbol
* Symbol Set 19U — Windows 3.1 Latin 1 (Practically the same as [[code page 1252]])
* Symbol Set 20U — PC-860 Portugal (Practically the same as [[code page 860]])
* Symbol Set 21U — PC-861 Iceland (Practically the same as [[code page 861]])
* Symbol Set 23U — PC-863 Canada - French (Practically the same as [[code page 863]])
* Symbol Set 24Q — PC-Polish Mazowia (Practically the same as [[Mazovia encoding]])
* Symbol Set 25U — PC-865 Denmark/Norway (Practically the same as [[code page 865]])
* Symbol Set 26U — PC-775 Latin 7 (Practically the same as [[code page 775]])
* Symbol Set 27Q — PC-8 PC Nova (Practically the same as [[code page 999|PC Nova]])
* Symbol Set 27U — PC Latvian Russian (also known as 866-Latvian)
* Symbol Set 28U — PC Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as [[code page 774]])
* Symbol Set 29U — PC-772 Lithuanian/Russian (Practically the same as [[code page 772]])
{{div col end}}

== Code pages from other vendors ==
These code pages are independent assignments by third party vendors. Since the original IBM PC code page ([[code page 437|number 437]]) was not really designed for international use, several partially compatible country or region specific variants emerged.

These code pages number assignments are '''not official''' neither by IBM, neither by Microsoft and almost none of them is referred as a usable character set by IANA. The numbers assigned to these code pages are arbitrary and may clash to registered numbers in use by IBM or Microsoft. Some of them may predate codepage switching being added in DOS 3.3.

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Code page 100|100]] – DOS Hebrew hardware fontpage (Not from IBM; [[Hebrew MS-DOS|HDOS]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 111|111]] – DOS Greek (Not from IBM; [[AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 112|112]] – DOS Turkish (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 113|113]] – DOS Yugoslavian (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 151|151]] – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;!-- EPROM fontpage --&gt;
* [[Code page 152|152]] – DOS Nafitha Arabic (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;!-- EPROM fontpage --&gt;
* [[Code page 161|161]] – DOS [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (Not from IBM; [[Arabic MS-DOS|ADOS]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 162|162]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)
* [[Code page 163|163]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 164|164]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)
* [[Code page 165|165]] – DOS Arabic (Not from IBM; ADOS)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 166|166]] – IBM Arabic PC (ADOS)&lt;!-- hardware fontpage --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
* [[Code page 210|210]] – DEC DOS Greek (NEC Jetmate printers)
* [[Code page 220|220]] – DEC DOS Spanish (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 489|489]] – Czechoslovakian [OCR software 1993]
* [[Code page 620|620]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- Fido Mazowia? Variant with characters &quot;Ć&quot; and &quot;ć&quot; in positions 80 and 87? --&gt;
* [[Code page 667|667]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- variant with the characters &quot;¢&quot;, &quot;„&quot; and &quot;&quot;&quot; in positions 9B, 9D and A9? --&gt;
* [[Code page 668|668]] – DOS Polish&lt;!--Different than Mazovia! --&gt; (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 707|707]] – MS-DOS Arabic Sakhr (Not from IBM; [[Sakhr Computers|Sakhr Software]] from [[MSX]] Computers)&lt;!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakr, below. --&gt;
* [[Code page 711|711]] – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha Enhanced (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 714|714]] – MS-DOS Arabic Sakr (Not from IBM)&lt;!--Not to be confused with Arabic Sakhr, above. --&gt;
* [[Code page 715|715]] – MS-DOS Arabic APTEC (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 721|721]] – MS-DOS Arabic Nafitha International (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 768|768]] – Arabic Al-Arabi (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 770|770]] – DOS Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian&lt;ref name=&quot;CP770&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian RST 1095-89 National Standard)
* [[Code page 771|771]] – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic — KBL&lt;ref name=&quot;CP771&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 772|772]] – DOS Lithuanian/Cyrillic&lt;ref name=&quot;CP772&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1284:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as [[code page 1119]])
* [[Code page 773|773]] – DOS Latin-7 — KBL (From Lithuanian Lika Software)
* [[Code page 774|774]] – DOS Lithuanian&lt;ref name=&quot;CP774&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1283:1993 National Standard; adopted by IBM as [[code page 1118]])
* [[Code page 775|775]] – DOS Latin-7 Baltic Rim (From Lithuanian Lika Software;&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt; Lithuanian LST 1590-1 National Standard; adopted by IBM and Microsoft as [[code page 775]])
* [[Code page 776|776]] – DOS Lithuanian (extended CP770)&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 777|777]] – DOS Accented Lithuanian (old) (extended CP773) — KBL&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 778|778]] – DOS Accented Lithuanian (extended CP775)&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;/&gt; (From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;/&gt;)
* [[Code page 790|790]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]]&lt;!-- Variant with the characters &quot;¢&quot;, &quot;„&quot; and &quot;&quot;&quot; in positions 9B, 9D and A9? From Lithuanian Lika Software? --&gt;
* [[Code page 854|854]] – Spanish&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan_1992_REF-DE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;/&gt;&lt;!-- Cites the Hogan book for CP854 as well since 1995. No other source found so far. --&gt;
* [[Code page 881|881]] – Latin 1 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 881]])
* [[Code page 882|882]] – Latin 2 (ISO 8859-2) (Not from IBM; same as Code page 912; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 882]])
* [[Code page 883|883]] – Latin 3 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 883]])
* [[Code page 884|884]] – Latin 4 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 884]])
* [[Code page 885|885]] – Latin 5 (Not from IBM; AST Premium Exec DOS 5.0&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;/&gt;) (conflictive ID with IBM [[EBCDIC 885]])
* [[Code page 895|895]] – [[Kamenický encoding|Czech (Kamenický)]], (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP895 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Roman)
* [[Mazovia encoding|896]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP896 — 7-bit EUC Japanese Katakana)&lt;!-- Variant with the character &quot;zł&quot; in position 9B? --&gt;
* [[Code page 900|900]] – DOS Russian (Russian MS-DOS 5.0 LCD.CPI)
* [[ISO 8859-7|928]] – Greek (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Greek National Standard [[ISO 8859-7|ELOT 928]] (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP928 — Simplified Chinese PC DBCS)
* [[Code page 966|966]] – Saudi Arabian (Not from IBM)
* [[Code page 991|991]] – DOS [[Mazovia encoding|Polish (Mazovia)]] (Not from IBM)&lt;!-- Variant with the character &quot;zł&quot; in position 9B? --&gt;
* [[Code page 999|999]] – DOS Serbo-Croatian I (Not from IBM); also known as PC Nova and CroSCII; lower part is JUSI.B1.002, upper part is code page 437; supports [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] and [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] (Latin script)
* [[Code page 1001|1001]] – Arabic (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers) (Not from IBM; conflictive ID with IBM CP1001 — MICR)
* [[Code page 1261|1261]] – Windows Korean IBM-1261 LMBCS-17, similar to [[Code page 1363|1363]]&lt;!--https://web.archive.org/web/20161220082724/https://fossies.org/dox/w32tex-src/ucnv__lmb_8c_source.html Isn't it, by any chance, a misprint of code page 1361 (Johab)? --&gt;
* [[Code page 1270|1270]] – Windows Sámi
* [[Code page 771|2001]] – Lithuanian KBL (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 771
* [[Code page 1116|3001]] – Estonian 1 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 1116
* [[Code page 922|3002]] – Estonian 2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 922
* [[Code page 437-Latvian|3011]] – Latvian 1 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 437-Latvian
* [[Code page 866-Latvian|3012]] – Latvian-2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 866-Latvian (Latvian RST 1040-90 National Standard)
* [[MIK (character set)|3021]] – Bulgarian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as MIK
* [[Code page 862|3031]] – Hebrew (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as code page 862
* 3041 – Maltese (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as [[ISO 646]] Maltese
* 3840 – IBM-Russian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); nearly the same as [[CP 866]]
* 3841 – Gost-Russian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); [[KOI-8|GOST 13052]] plus characters for Central Asian languages
* [[Mazovia encoding|3843]] – Polish (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Mazovia
* [[Kamenický encoding|3844]] – CS2 (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as Kamenický
* [[CWI-2|3845]] – Hungarian (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as CWI
* 3846 – Turkish (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as PC-8 Turkish + old Turkish Lira sign (Tʟ) at code point A8
* [[BraSCII|3847]] – Brazil-ABNT (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as the Brazilian National Standard NBR-9614:1986&lt;!-- I am still investigating if BraSCII is the same as ISO 8859-1 or not --&gt;
* [[ABICOMP character set|3848]] – Brazil-ABICOMP (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); same as ABICOMP
* 3850 – Standard KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3860 – Rajvitee KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3861 – Microwiz KU (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the Kasetsart University encoding for Thai
* 3863 – STD988 TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* 3864 – Popular TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* 3865 – Newsic TIS (on Star&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;/&gt; printers); variation of the TIS 620 encoding for Thai
* (number missing) – [[CWI-2]] (for DOS) supports [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
* (number missing) – [[MIK (character set)|MIK]] (for DOS) supports [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
* (number missing) – DOS Serbo-Croatian II; supports [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] and [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] (Latin script)
* (number missing) — Russian [[Alternative code page (Russian)|Alternative code page]] (for DOS); this is the origin for IBM [[CP 866]]
{{div col end}}

== {{anchor|0|999|57344|61439|65280|65533|65534|65535}}List of code page assignments ==
{{Expand_list|date=July 2014}}
List of known code page assignments (incomplete):

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;float:center;&quot;
! ID !! Names !! Description !! Origin !! Platform !! DOS !! OS/2 !! Windows !! Mac !! Else !! Encoding !! Comment
|-
| 0 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || || Internal OS use&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
|-
| 437 || CP437, IBM437 || PC US || IBM&lt;ref name=&quot;CP437&quot;/&gt; || IBM PC || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || Yes || ? || Yes || 8-bit [[SBCS]] ||
|-
| 57344&amp;nbsp;- 61439 || N/A || Private use derivations || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page derivations (E000h-EFFFh)
|-
| 65280&amp;nbsp;- 65533 || N/A || Private use definitions || IBM || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || various || Private use code page definitions (FF00h-FFFDh)
|-
| 65534 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || ? || ? || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFEh)
|-
| 65535 || N/A || Reserved || IBM, Microsoft || N/A || 3.3+ || 1.0+ || ? || ? || ? || various || Internal OS use (FFFFh)&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;/&gt;
|}

== Criticism ==
Many older character encodings (unlike Unicode) suffer from several problems. Some code page vendors insufficiently document the meaning of all code point values, which decreases the reliability of handling textual data through various computer systems consistently. Some vendors add proprietary extensions to some code pages to add or change certain code point values; for example, byte 0x5C in [[Shift JIS]] can represent either a [[back slash]] or a yen [[Currency sign (typography)|currency symbol]] depending on the platform. Finally, in order to support several languages in a program that does not use Unicode, the code page used for each string/document needs to be stored.

Due to Unicode's extensive documentation, vast repertoire of characters and stability policy of characters, the problems listed above are rarely a concern for Unicode. Applications may also mislabel text in [[Windows-1252]] as [[ISO-8859-1]]. Fortunately, the only difference between these code pages is that the code point values used by ISO-8859-1 for control characters are instead used as additional printable characters in Windows-1252. Since control characters have no function in HTML, web browsers tend to use Windows-1252 rather than ISO-8859-1. In HTML5, treating ISO-8859-1 as Windows-1252 is even codified as standard. Later, UTF-8 has succeeded both encodings in terms of popularity on the Internet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics_UTF-8&quot;/&gt;

== {{anchor|Private use|User-definable}}Private code pages ==
When, early in the history of personal computers, users did not find their character encoding requirements met, private or local code pages were created using [[Terminate and Stay Resident]] utilities or by re-programming [[BIOS]] [[EPROM]]s. In some cases, unofficial code page numbers were invented (e.g. CP895).

When more diverse character set support became available most of those code pages fell into disuse, with some exceptions such as the [[Kamenický encoding|Kamenický]] or KEYBCS2 encoding for the [[Czech alphabet|Czech]] and [[Slovak alphabet|Slovak]] alphabets. Another character set is [[Iran System encoding standard]] that was created by Iran System corporation for [[Persian language]] support. This standard was in use in Iran in DOS-based programs and after introduction of Microsoft code page 1256 this standard became obsolete. However some Windows and DOS programs using this encoding are still in use and some Windows fonts with this encoding exist.

In order to overcome such problems, the [[IBM Character Data Representation Architecture]] level 2 specifically reserves ranges of code page IDs for user-definable and private-use assignments. Whenever such code page IDs are used, the user must not assume that the same functionality and appearance can be reproduced in another system configuration or on another device or system unless the user takes care of this specifically.
The code page range 57344-61439 ({{Mono|E000h}}-{{Mono|EFFFh}}) is officially reserved for user-definable code pages (or actually CCSIDs in the context of [[IBM CDRA]]), whereas the range 65280-65533 ({{Mono|FF00h}}-{{Mono|FFFDh}}) is reserved for any user-definable &quot;private use&quot; assignments.
For example, a non-registered custom variant of code page 437 ({{Mono|1B5h}}) or 28591 ({{Mono|6FAF}}) could become 57781 ({{Mono|E1B5h}}) or 61359 ({{Mono|EFAFh}}), respectively, in order to avoid potential conflicts with other assignments and maintain the sometimes existing internal numerical logic in the assignments of the original code pages. An unregistered private code page not based on an existing code page, a device specific code page like a printer font, which just needs a logical handle to become addressable for the system, a frequently changing download font, or a code page number with a symbolic meaning in the local environment could have an assignment in the private range like 65280 ({{Mono|FF00h}}).

The code page IDs 0, 65534 ({{Mono|FFFEh}}) and 65535 ({{Mono|FFFFh}}) are reserved for internal use by operating systems such as DOS and must not be assigned to any specific code pages.

== See also ==
* [[Windows code page]]
* [[Character encoding]]
* [[CCSID]] IBM's official &quot;code page&quot; definitions and assignments
* [[Codepage sniffing]]
* [[Unicode]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL&quot;&gt;[http://www.pclviewer.com/resources/pcl_symbolset.html Printer Command Language Symbol Sets]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL-Symbol&quot;&gt;[http://pclhelp.com/pcl-symbol-sets/ HP Symbol Sets]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PCL5&quot;&gt;[http://h10032.www1.hp.com/ctg/Manual/bpl13206.pdf PCL5 Camparison Guide]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepage-ID&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v=vs.85%29.aspx#Code |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |website=microsoft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;
{{Cite book |title=The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2 |author-first1=Ray |author-last1=Duncan |author-first2=Steve |author-last2=Bostwick |author-first3=Keith |author-last3=Burgoyne |author-first4=Robert A. |author-last4=Byers |author-first5=Thom |author-last5=Hogan |author-first6=Jim |author-last6=Kyle |author-first7=Gordon |author-last7=Letwin |author-link7=Gordon Letwin |author-first8=Charles |author-last8=Petzold |author-link8=Charles Petzold |author-first9=Chip |author-last9=Rabinowitz |author-first10=Jim |author-last10=Tomlin |author-first11=Richard |author-last11=Wilton |author-first12=Van |author-last12=Wolverton |author-first13=William |author-last13=Wong |author-first14=JoAnne |author-last14=Woodcock |contribution=Technical advisors |contributor-first1=Mark |contributor-last1=Zbikowski |contributor-link1=Mark Zbikowski |contributor-first2=Paul |contributor-last2=Allen |contributor-link2=Paul Allen |contributor-first3=Steve |contributor-last3=Ballmer |contributor-link3=Steve Ballmer |contributor-first4=Reuben |contributor-last4=Borman |contributor-first5=Rob |contributor-last5=Borman |contributor-first6=John |contributor-last6=Butler |contributor-first7=Chuck |contributor-last7=Carroll |contributor-first8=Mark |contributor-last8=Chamberlain |contributor-first9=David |contributor-last9=Chell |contributor-first10=Mike |contributor-last10=Colee |contributor-first11=Mike |contributor-last11=Courtney |contributor-first12=Mike |contributor-last12=Dryfoos |contributor-first13=Rachel |contributor-last13=Duncan |contributor-first14=Kurt |contributor-last14=Eckhardt |contributor-first15=Eric |contributor-last15=Evans |contributor-first16=Rick |contributor-last16=Farmer |contributor-first17=Bill |contributor-last17=Gates |contributor-link17=Bill Gates |contributor-first18=Michael |contributor-last18=Geary |contributor-first19=Bob |contributor-last19=Griffin |contributor-first20=Doug |contributor-last20=Hogarth |contributor-first21=James W. |contributor-last21=Johnson |contributor-first22=Kaamel |contributor-last22=Kermaani |contributor-first23=Adrian |contributor-last23=King |contributor-first24=Reed |contributor-last24=Koch |contributor-first25=James |contributor-last25=Landowski |contributor-first26=Chris |contributor-last26=Larson |contributor-first27=Thomas |contributor-last27=Lennon |contributor-first28=Dan |contributor-last28=Lipkie |contributor-first29=Marc |contributor-last29=McDonald |contributor-link29=Marc McDonald |contributor-first30=Bruce |contributor-last30=McKinney |contributor-first31=Pascal |contributor-last31=Martin |contributor-first32=Estelle |contributor-last32=Mathers |contributor-first33=Bob |contributor-last33=Matthews &lt;!-- |contributor-link33=Robert Matthews (scientist)??? --&gt; |contributor-first34=David |contributor-last34=Melin |contributor-first35=Charles |contributor-last35=Mergentime |contributor-first36=Randy |contributor-last36=Nevin |contributor-first37=Dan |contributor-last37=Newell |contributor-first38=Tani |contributor-last38=Newell |contributor-first39=David |contributor-last39=Norris |contributor-first40=Mike |contributor-last40=O'Leary |contributor-first41=Bob |contributor-last41=O'Rear |contributor-link41=Bob O'Rear |contributor-first42=Mike |contributor-last42=Olsson |contributor-first43=Larry |contributor-last43=Osterman |contributor-first44=Ridge |contributor-last44=Ostling |contributor-first45=Sunil |contributor-last45=Pai |contributor-first46=Tim |contributor-last46=Paterson |contributor-link46=Tim Paterson |contributor-first47=Gary |contributor-last47=Perez |contributor-first48=Chris |contributor-last48=Peters |contributor-first49=Charles |contributor-last49=Petzold |contributor-link49=Charles Petzold |contributor-first50=John |contributor-last50=Pollock |contributor-first51=Aaron |contributor-last51=Reynolds |contributor-link51=Aaron R. Reynolds |contributor-first52=Darryl |contributor-last52=Rubin |contributor-first53=Ralph |contributor-last53=Ryan |contributor-first54=Karl |contributor-last54=Schulmeisters |contributor-first55=Rajen |contributor-last55=Shah |contributor-first56=Barry |contributor-last56=Shaw |contributor-first57=Anthony |contributor-last57=Short |contributor-first58=Ben |contributor-last58=Slivka |contributor-first59=Jon |contributor-last59=Smirl |contributor-first60=Betty |contributor-last60=Stillmaker |contributor-first61=John |contributor-last61=Stoddard |contributor-first62=Dennis |contributor-last62=Tillman |contributor-first63=Greg |contributor-last63=Whitten |contributor-first64=Natalie |contributor-last64=Yount |contributor-first65=Steve |contributor-last65=Zeck |date=1988 |edition=Completely reworked |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |location=Redmond, Washington, USA |isbn=1-55615-049-0 |id={{ISBN|978-1-55615-049-4}} |lccn=87-21452 |oclc=16581341}} [https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/] (xix+1570 pages; 26&amp;nbsp;cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors.)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files |type=CPI.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.30 |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip&lt;!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older version of CPI.LST --&gt; |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Elliott_2006_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |title=CPI file format |date=2006-10-14 |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165307/http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;AEB_2001_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=CPI fonts |author-first=Andries Evert |author-last=Brouwer |author-link=Andries Evert Brouwer |date=2001-02-10 |version=0.2 |url=https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165133/https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Haralambous_2007_CPI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Fonts &amp; Encodings |author-first=Yannis |author-last=Haralambous |translator-first=P. Scott |translator-last=Horne |location=Sebastopol, California, USA |publisher=[[O'Reilly Media, Inc.]] |date=September 2007 |edition=1 |isbn=978-0-596-10242-5 |id={{ISBN|0-596-10242-9}} |pages=601–602, 611}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_1991_PR&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=MS-DOS Programmer's Reference |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |date=1991 |isbn=1-55615-329-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781556153297}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_i_EBCDIC&quot;&gt;[http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/i/software/globalization/codepages.html IBM i Globalization - EBCDIC Code Pages]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;SAP_CP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://help.sap.com/abapdocu_70/en/ABENCODEPAGE_GLOSRY.htm |title=Code Page |work=sap.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;oracle.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12032_01/doc/epm.921/html_esb_dbag/glossary.htm#1009960 |title=Glossary |work=oracle.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_VT510&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=VT510 Video Terminal Programmer Information |at=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |publisher=[[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://www.vt100.net/docs/vt510-rm/chapter7.html#S7.1 |access-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[ISO]] character sets, which conform to the structure and rules of [[ISO 2022]], the [[VT510]] supports a number of IBM PC code pages ([[page number]]s in IBM's standard character set manual) in [[PCTerm]] mode to emulate the [[console terminal]] of industry-standard PCs.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;DEC_1994_Codepage&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=VT520/VT525 Video Terminal Programmer Information |chapter=7.1. Character Sets - Overview |date=July 1994 |page=7-1 |id=EK-VT520-RM. A01 |publisher=[[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) |url=http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |access-date=2017-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215184432/http://web.mit.edu/dosathena/doc/www/ek-vt520-rm.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-15 |quote=In addition to traditional [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] and [[ISO]] character sets the [[VT520]] supports a number of IBM PC code pages (which refer to [[page number]]s in IBM's standard character set manual) in [[PCTerm]] mode to emulate the [[console terminal]] of industry-standard PCs.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_CODEPAGE&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Overview on DOS, OS/2, and Windows codepages |type=CODEPAGE.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.59 preliminary |orig-year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip&lt;!-- not an official distribution archive, but contains an older preliminary version of CODEPAGE.LST --&gt; |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan_1992_REF-DE&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Die PC-Referenz für Programmierer |language=German |author-first=Thom |author-last=Hogan |edition=2 |date=1992 |publisher=Systhema Verlag GmbH |isbn=3-89390-272-4}} (NB. This book is the German translation of &quot;The Programmer's PC Sourcebook&quot; by Microsoft Press. It mentions the code page ID 854 for Spain.&lt;!-- To be checked: Do English version and other editions of this book contain 854 as well? --&gt;)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_CP1004&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Codepage 1004 - Windows Extended |publisher=[[IBM]] |date=2001 |url=http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |access-date=2018-05-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513184106/http://www.borgendale.com/codepage/cp1004.gif |archive-date=2018-05-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;VGA-Programming&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.osdever.net/FreeVGA/vga/vgatext.htm |title=VGA/SVGA Video Programming--VGA Text Mode Operation |website=osdever.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM_2010&quot;&gt;{{cite |title=xlate - Transliterate Contents of Records |publisher=[[IBM Corporation]] |orig-year=1986 |date=2010 |url=http://vm.marist.edu/%7Epipeline/bhelp/ACH0275.html |access-date=2016-10-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Microsoft_Codepages&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd317752.aspx |title=Code Pages |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |website=microsoft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IBM&quot;&gt;[https://github.com/pentaho/pentaho-reporting/tree/master/libraries/libfonts/encodings/VENDORS/IBM]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MS_2014_CP201xx&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Code Page Identifiers |publisher=Microsoft|work=[[Microsoft Developer Network]] |date=2014 |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756(v=vs.85).aspx |access-date=2016-06-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619132819/https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/en-en/library/windows/desktop/dd317756%28v%3Dvs.85%29.aspx |archive-date=2016-06-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WG_CP201xx&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Web Encodings - Internet Explorer - Encodings |date=2012-10-23 |work=WHATWG Wiki |url=https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620184648/https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Web_Encodings#Encodings_3 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20105&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Western European (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183843/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5 |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20106&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=German (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183739/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-german |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20107&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Swedish (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183231/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-swedish |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20108&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Norwegian (IA5) encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183449/http://wutils.com/encodings/x-ia5-norwegian |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;WU_CP20127&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=US-ASCII encoding - Windows charsets |author-first=Antonin |author-last=Foller |date=2014 |orig-year=2011 |work=WUtils.com - Online web utility and help |publisher=Motobit Software |url=http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |access-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620192058/http://wutils.com/encodings/us-ascii |archive-date=2016-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2002&quot;&gt;{{cite |title=Technical info on undocumented DOS country info for LCASE, ARAMODE and CCTORC records |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2002-09-05 |publisher=FreeDOS development list fd-dev at Topica |url=http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |access-date=2016-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527142512/http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.os.freedos.devel/364 |archive-date=2016-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;RBIL&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-first=Ralf D. |author-last=Brown |author-link=Ralf D. Brown |title=The x86 Interrupt List |title-link=Ralf Brown's Interrupt List |version=61 |date=2002-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &amp;mdash; Tips &amp;amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-07-30 |edition=3 |version=Release 157 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |access-date=2012-01-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522014302/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |archive-date=22 May 2016 }} (NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on [[Novell DOS 7]] and [[OpenDOS 7.01]], including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger MPDOSTIP.ZIP collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the NWDOSTIP.TXT file.)&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs &amp;mdash; Tips &amp;amp; Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-04-09 |edition=3 |version=Release 183 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;lika&quot;&gt;[http://www.likit.lt/indexw.php Changed its name to &quot;Likit&quot;. Went out of business?]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP770&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/770.htm |title=770}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP771&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/771.htm |title=771}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP772&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/772.htm |title=772}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP774&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/774.htm |title=774}} From Lithuanian Lika Software&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.star-m.jp/eng/service/usermanual/lc8021um.pdf |title=Star LC 8021 User's Manual}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;CP437&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=IBM |title=SBCS code page information document - CPGID 00437 |url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00437.html |access-date=2014-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/character_encoding/all |title=Usage Statistics of Character Encodings for Websites, (updated daily) |website=w3techs.com |access-date=2015-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistics_UTF-8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://trends.builtwith.com/encoding/UTF-8 |title=UTF-8 Usage Statistics |website=trends.builtwith.com |access-date=2011-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;lithuanian-charsets&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/standartai/ra%C5%A1men%C5%B3-koduo%C4%8Di%C5%B3-standartai/ |title=lietuvybė.lt - Rašmenų koduotės |language=lt |trans-title=lietuvybė.lt - Character encodings}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Kazakh_1174&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/G01BQVRV|title=Character Data Representation Architecture}}&lt;!-- Is it one of these (https://web.archive.org/web/20190419163948/http://www.sci.kz/~sairan/kazcode/ — check the tables 5.2.1)? --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ibm.com/software/globalization/cdra/glossary.jsp#SPTGLCDPG IBM CDRA glossary]
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205110331/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/g11n-res.html|date=2016-02-05|title=IBM code pages}}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906204346/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp_es.jsp|date=2009-09-06|title=IBM code pages by encoding scheme}}
* [http://site.icu-project.org/charts/charset IBM/ICU Charset Information]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers Microsoft Code Page Identifiers] (Microsoft's list contains only code pages actively used by normal apps on Windows. See also [https://web.archive.org/web/20040225223721/http://www.sharmahd.com/tm/codepages.html Torsten Mohrin's list] for the full list of supported code pages)
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023050917/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964654|date=2012-10-23|title=Shorter Microsoft list containing only the ANSI and OEM code pages but with links to more detail on each}}
* [http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/codepages.html Character Sets And Code Pages At The Push Of A Button]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chcp Microsoft Chcp command: Display and set the console active code page]

{{character encoding}}

[[Category:Character encoding]]</text>
      <sha1>5enmv9nvb0vc7ednpqtvyw969tnxv6n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Lesson 4</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>418149</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088235</id>
      <parentid>4087068</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:14:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12151" xml:space="preserve">=Lesson 4: Where Are You Going?=

: In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate verbs in the progressive tenses and to ask yes-or-no questions.  You'll also learn about comparison of adjectives and some new pronouns.
== Dialog ==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 4: Where are you going?
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| 1. '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et peye?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you going?''
|-
| 2. '''At &lt;u&gt;peye&lt;/u&gt; tam.''' || ''I&lt;u&gt;'m going&lt;/u&gt; home.''
|-
| 3. '''&lt;u&gt;Duven et peyo&lt;/u&gt; bey pur?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Will you be going&lt;/u&gt; by car?'' (Lit. ''Say whether you will be going...'')
|-
| 4. '''Vo.  At tyoyapo.  Ata tam &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; se yib bi him.''' || ''No.  I'll walk.  My house is &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; far from here.''
|-
| 5. '''At &lt;u&gt;pepeya&lt;/u&gt; humep.  &lt;u&gt;Apu&lt;/u&gt; ha pur bay at.''' || ''I &lt;u&gt;was going&lt;/u&gt; that way.  &lt;u&gt;Get in&lt;/u&gt; the car with me.''
|-
| 6. '''Hway! Hus su &lt;u&gt;ga iga&lt;/u&gt;.  ''' || ''Thanks!  That would be &lt;u&gt;faster&lt;/u&gt;.''
|-
| 7. '''&lt;u&gt;Hwey&lt;/u&gt;.  Duven et ifie enzyukparen?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Don't mention it&lt;/u&gt;.  Do you enjoy bicycling?''
|-
| 8. '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt;.  At enzyukpareya hijwamaj.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Very much so&lt;/u&gt;.  I was cycling this morning.''
|-
| 9. '''&lt;u&gt;Hiy&lt;/u&gt; eta tam.  Duven hus se eta enzyukpar be ha zadeym?''' || ''Here's your house.  Is that your bicycle in the front yard?''
|-
| 10. '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Atas&lt;/u&gt; se be ha zodeym.  Huas bewe ata dat.''' || ''No.  &lt;u&gt;Mine&lt;/u&gt; is in the backyard.  That one belongs to my friend.''
|-
| 11. '''Hua enzyuk se &lt;u&gt;go via vyel&lt;/u&gt; etas''' || ''That bike is &lt;u&gt;less good-looking than&lt;/u&gt; yours.''
|-
| 12. '''Ve.  &lt;u&gt;Hway&lt;/u&gt; av ha pepuen, datif.''' || ''Maybe.  &lt;u&gt;Thanks&lt;/u&gt; for the lift, buddy.''
|}

== Grammar Notes ==
=== Progressive Aspect Verbs ===
: In the above dialog, you will notice that there are some verbs in a tense other than one of the simple tenses you learned in the last lesson, namely the progressive tenses.  The tenses in the progressive aspect refer to states and actions that go over a period of time.  When we way &quot;I am walking home&quot;, that refers to an ongoing action, not a habit.  This is pretty easy for English speakers, because English tenses have the same opposition of simple vs. progressive aspect.
: The progressive tenses are formed with the infix '''&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;''' between the verb stem and suffix.  Here is a chart showing the new set of tenses (active voice only):
: 
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Progressive Aspect Tenses
|-
! ASPECT !! VOICE !! MOOD !! TENSE !! INFINITIVE = '''per'''...''to go''&lt;br&gt;STEM+INFIX = p+&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;-
|-
| PROGRESSIVE||ACTIVE || INDICATIVE || PRESENT || '''at p&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;e'''....''I am going''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE||ACTIVE || INDICATIVE ||  PAST || '''at p&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;a'''....''I was going''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE||ACTIVE || INDICATIVE || FUTURE || '''at p&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;o'''....''I will be going''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE||ACTIVE || HYPOTHETICAL || (CONDITIONAL) || '''at p&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;u'''....''I would be going''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;peye&lt;/u&gt; tam.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;am going&lt;/u&gt; home.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;seye&lt;/u&gt; fua.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are being&lt;/u&gt; bad.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duven et tambeseyo&lt;/u&gt; Fransam ojo huj?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Will you be living&lt;/u&gt; in France by then?''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;tyoyapeyu&lt;/u&gt;, oy se gra yiba.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;would be walking&lt;/u&gt;, but it's too far.''
: Note the difference between the simple and the progressive aspect in the following two sentences:
::* '''Ha tixut &lt;u&gt;tyoyape&lt;/u&gt; tistam hyajub.'''....''The student &lt;u&gt;walks&lt;/u&gt; to school every day.'' (SIMPLE ASPECT)
::* '''Ha tixut &lt;u&gt;tyoyapeye&lt;/u&gt; tistam hijub.'''....''The student &lt;u&gt;is walking&lt;/u&gt; to school today.'' (PROGRESSIVE ASPECT )

=== Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs ===
: First of all, there is a set of ''''quantitative determiners'''' built on the basic word '''ga''' meaning ''more''.  They are shown in the chart below.  Some of them are used in the comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 1 Quantitative Determiners
|-
! TYPE !! POSITIVE !! INTERMEDIATE !! NEGATIVE
|-
| COMPARATIVE || '''ga'''....''more'' || '''ge'''....''equally, as'' || '''go'''....''less''
|-
| ABSOLUTE || '''gla'''....''very'' || '''gle'''....''rather, quite'' || '''glo'''....''not very''
|-
| EXCESSIVE || '''gra'''....''too'' || '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gro'''....''insufficiently''
|-
| SUPERLATIVE || '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwe'''....''just the right degree'' || '''gwo'''....''least''
|}
: These words can be used, among other things, to modify adjectives and adverbs for degree.  In the comparative construction, the word ''than'' or ''as'' in English is translated by the preposition '''vyel''' in Mirad:
::* '''ga via vyel x'''....''more beautiful than x''
::* '''ga igay vyel x'''....''more quickly than x''
::* '''ge fia vyel x'''....''as good as x''
::* '''ge fiay vyel x'''....''as well as x''
::* '''go fia vyel'''....''less good than x''
::* '''go fiay vyel'''....''not a well as x''
::* '''gra iga'''....''too fast''
::* '''gre fia'''....''good enough''
::* '''ha gwa fia tuxut bi ha tistam'''....''the best teacher in the school'' ( = ''of the school'')
::* '''It dala &lt;u&gt;gwe&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He spoke &lt;u&gt;just enough&lt;/u&gt;.''

=== Creating Yes-No Questions ===
: A yes-no question is usually introduced by the particle '''duven''', which literally means ''say whether...''.  This does not involve inverting the subject and predicate.
::* '''Duven et se yata tuxut?'''....''Are you our student?''
::* '''Duven et tyoyape tistam?'''....''Do you walk to school?''
::* '''Duven yit yexeya bay et?'''....''Were they working with you?''
: Sometimes, '''Duven...?''' can be omitted and a question is implied by a rising intonation of voice or a question mark in writing.
::* '''Et upeye bay at?'''....''(Are) you coming with me?''
: The answer to any of the questions could be '''va''' ''yes'', '''ve''' ''maybe'', or '''vo''' ''no''.
: Note: '''voy''' means ''not'' and is used to negate a predicate:
::* '''Yata voy se eta dati.'''....''We are not your friends.''
::* '''Voy at.'''....''Not I.''
: Similarly, '''vay''' means ''indeed, certainly'' and modifies the predicate verb:
::* '''Yet se vay ata dati.'''....''You are really my friends.''
: '''Vey''' is in-between, and means '''may, possibly''' as a predicate modifier:
::* '''At vey upo.'''....''I may come.''
::* '''Hia tuxut se vey ga fia vyel hua tuxut.'''....''This teacher is possibly better than that teacher.''
=== Pronominalizing Adjectives ===
: Possessive adjectives like ''my, his, etc.'' and deictic adjectives like ''this, that, etc.'' can be pronominalized as shown in the following chart:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 1 Pronominalized Possessive and Deictic Adjectives
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR PRONOUN !! PLURAL PRONOUN
|-
| '''ata'''....''my'' || '''atas'''....''mine'' || '''atasi'''....''mine''
|-
| '''eta'''....''your'' || '''etas'''....''yours'' || '''etasi'''....''yours''
|-
| '''ita'''....''his/her'' || '''itas'''....''his/hers'' || '''itasi'''....''his/hers''
|-
| '''yata'''....''our'' || '''yatas'''....''ours'' || '''yatasi'''....''ours''
|-
| '''yeta'''....''your'' || '''yetas'''....''yours'' || '''yetasi'''....''yours''
|-
| '''yita'''....''their'' || '''yitas'''....''theirs'' || '''yitasi'''....''theirs''
|-
| '''hoa'''....''which'' || '''hoas'''....''which one'' || '''hoasi'''....''which ones''
|-
| '''hia'''....''this'' || '''hias'''....''this one'' || '''hiasi'''....''these (ones)''
|-
| '''hua'''....''my'' || '''huas'''....''that one'' || '''huasi'''....''those (ones)''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt; se etas.  Huas se atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt; is yours.  That one is mine.''
::* '''Huasi se &lt;u&gt;etasi&lt;/u&gt;.  Huasi se atasi.'''....''Those are &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt;.  Those are mine.''
::* '''Duven hua tam se &lt;u&gt;etas&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''Is that house &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt;?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yatasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga aga vyel yetasi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ours&lt;/u&gt; are bigger than yours.''
: All the pronouns in the above chart refer to possessed or specified things.  Change the '''s''' to '''t''' to make them refer to possessed or specified people:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiati&lt;/u&gt; sa fia vyel huati.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These (people)&lt;/u&gt; were better than those (ones)''.
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yatati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Our own (people)&lt;/u&gt;'' ( = ''Sinn Fein'', in Irish)
=== Quiz ===
: Fill in the following blanks with the Mirad equivalent of the underlined English:
::# '''At _________ tam haj hu et yibdalara at.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;was walking&lt;/u&gt; home when you telephoned me.''
::# '''Ha tuxut ___________ zo ita dresem.'''....''The teacher &lt;u&gt;is working&lt;/u&gt; behind his desk.''
::# '''Duven et ___________ tistam zajub?'''....''Will you &lt;u&gt;be coming to&lt;/u&gt; school tomorrow?''
::# '''Hot _____________ hua enzyuk?'''....''Who &lt;u&gt;is getting on&lt;/u&gt; that bicycle?''
::# '''____________ se ga iga vyel ____________.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Mine&lt;/u&gt; are faster than &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt;.''
::# '''Ata dresem se ________ aga vyel __________.'''....''My desk is &lt;u&gt;less&lt;/u&gt; big than &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt;.''
::# '''Yata tuxut yexe ga jestay _______ ________.'''....''Our teacher works harder &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt; (pl.).''

== Vocabulary ==
: Nouns:
::* '''par'''....''vehicle, usually small and unmotorized, like a cart or wagon''
:::* '''enzyukpar'''....''bicycle''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''en-'''....''double'' + '''zyuk'''....''wheel'' + '''par'''....''small vehicle'')
:::* '''enzyuk'''....''bike'' (abbreviated)
::* '''pir'''....''scooter, motorbike''
:::* '''enzyukpir'''....''motorcycle''
::* '''pur'''....''car''
::* '''tistam'''....''school''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''tis'''....''learning'' + '''tam'''....''house'' )
::* '''datif'''....''buddy''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( '''dat'''....''friend'' + '''-if'''....''affection'')
::* '''zadeym'''....''front yard''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''za'''....''front'' + '''deym'''....''garden'' )
::* '''zodeym'''....''back yard''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''zo'''....''back'' )
::* '''jwamaj'''....''morning''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''jwa'''....''early'' + '''maj'''....''day'' vs. '''moj'''....''night'')
: Verbs:
::* '''per'''....''go &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(to)''
:::* '''aper'''....''get on, board, mount''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''a(b)'''....''on'' + '''per'''....''go'')
::::* '''aper pur'''....''get in a car''
:::* '''tyoyaper'''....''walk &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(to)''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''tyoya(b)'''....''foot'' + '''per''' )
:::* '''enzyukper'''....''bike &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(to)''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''enzyuk''' + '''per''')
:::* '''peper'''....''ride &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(on land)
::::* '''pepuer'''....''give a ride/lift to'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(verbs ending in -uer or causative)
::::* '''pepuen'''....''a lift, a ride'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(gerunds end in '''-en''')
:::* '''ifier'''....''like, enjoy, be pleased''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''if'''....''pleasure'' + '''(b)ier'''....''take, get'')
:::* '''ayser'''....''have''    &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''(b)ay'''....''with'' + '''ser'''....''be'')
:::* '''ayswer'''....''belong (to)'' (passive voice of '''ayser''')
: Determiners/Adverbs:
::* '''humep'''....''that way/direction''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( '''mep'''....''road, way'' )
::* '''hyajub'''....''every day''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''hya-'''....''every'' + '''jub'''....''day''
::* '''hijub'''....''today''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''hi-'''....''this'' + '''jub'''....''day''
::* '''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''    &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''hi-'''....''this'' + '''jwa'''....''early'' + '''maj'''....''daylight'')
: Prepositions:
::* '''bay'''....''with, in the company of''
::* '''bey'''....''by, by means of''
::* '''boy'''....''without''
: Pronouns
::* '''atas'''....''mine'', '''etas'''....''yours'', etc.
::* '''hoas?'''....''which one?'', '''hias'''....''this one'', etc.
: Particles
::* '''Duven...?'''....''say whether, is it true that...?''
: Interjections
::* '''hiy...'''....''here is..., here comes...''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''huy...'''....''there is..., there goes..., voila...'' )
::* '''hway'''....''thanks''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''hwey'''....''you're welcome'', '''hwoy'''....''sorry'')

 &lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Lesson 3|Lesson 5 |TOC mini}}</text>
      <sha1>5ev7fs1mjpzkk0bcaqb7drktpxs9vuk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088362</id>
      <parentid>4088235</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:34:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lesson 4: Where Are You Going? */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12153" xml:space="preserve">=Lesson 4: Where Are You Going?=

: In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate verbs in the progressive tenses and to ask yes-or-no questions.  You'll also learn about comparison of adjectives and some new pronouns.
== Dialog ==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 4: Where are you going?
|-
! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| 1. '''&lt;u&gt;Duham&lt;/u&gt; et peye?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Where&lt;/u&gt; are you going?''
|-
| 2. '''At &lt;u&gt;peye&lt;/u&gt; tam.''' || ''I&lt;u&gt;'m going&lt;/u&gt; home.''
|-
| 3. '''&lt;u&gt;Duven et peyo&lt;/u&gt; bey pur?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Will you be going&lt;/u&gt; by car?'' (Lit. ''Say whether you will be going...'')
|-
| 4. '''Vo.  At tyoyapo.  Ata tam &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; se yib bi him.''' || ''No.  I'll walk.  My house is &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; far from here.''
|-
| 5. '''At &lt;u&gt;pepeya&lt;/u&gt; humep.  &lt;u&gt;Apu&lt;/u&gt; ha pur bay at.''' || ''I &lt;u&gt;was going&lt;/u&gt; that way.  &lt;u&gt;Get in&lt;/u&gt; the car with me.''
|-
| 6. '''Hway! Hus su &lt;u&gt;ga iga&lt;/u&gt;.  ''' || ''Thanks!  That would be &lt;u&gt;faster&lt;/u&gt;.''
|-
| 7. '''&lt;u&gt;Hwey&lt;/u&gt;.  Duven et ifie enzyukparen?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Don't mention it&lt;/u&gt;.  Do you enjoy bicycling?''
|-
| 8. '''&lt;u&gt;Gla&lt;/u&gt;.  At enzyukpareya hijwamaj.''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Very much so&lt;/u&gt;.  I was cycling this morning.''
|-
| 9. '''&lt;u&gt;Hiy&lt;/u&gt; eta tam.  Duven hus se eta enzyukpar be ha zadeym?''' || ''Here's your house.  Is that your bicycle in the front yard?''
|-
| 10. '''Vo.  &lt;u&gt;Atas&lt;/u&gt; se be ha zodeym.  Huas bewe ata dat.''' || ''No.  &lt;u&gt;Mine&lt;/u&gt; is in the backyard.  That one belongs to my friend.''
|-
| 11. '''Hua enzyuk se &lt;u&gt;go via vyel&lt;/u&gt; etas''' || ''That bike is &lt;u&gt;less good-looking than&lt;/u&gt; yours.''
|-
| 12. '''Ve.  &lt;u&gt;Hway&lt;/u&gt; av ha pepuen, datif.''' || ''Maybe.  &lt;u&gt;Thanks&lt;/u&gt; for the lift, buddy.''
|}

== Grammar Notes ==
=== Progressive Aspect Verbs ===
: In the above dialog, you will notice that there are some verbs in a tense other than one of the simple tenses you learned in the last lesson, namely the progressive tenses.  The tenses in the progressive aspect refer to states and actions that go over a period of time.  When we way &quot;I am walking home&quot;, that refers to an ongoing action, not a habit.  This is pretty easy for English speakers, because English tenses have the same opposition of simple vs. progressive aspect.
: The progressive tenses are formed with the infix '''&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;''' between the verb stem and suffix.  Here is a chart showing the new set of tenses (active voice only):
: 
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Progressive Aspect Tenses
|-
! ASPECT !! VOICE !! MOOD !! TENSE !! INFINITIVE = '''per'''...''to go''&lt;br&gt;STEM+INFIX = p+&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;-
|-
| PROGRESSIVE||ACTIVE || INDICATIVE || PRESENT || '''at p&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;e'''....''I am going''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE||ACTIVE || INDICATIVE ||  PAST || '''at p&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;a'''....''I was going''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE||ACTIVE || INDICATIVE || FUTURE || '''at p&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;o'''....''I will be going''
|-
| PROGRESSIVE||ACTIVE || HYPOTHETICAL || (CONDITIONAL) || '''at p&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;u'''....''I would be going''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;peye&lt;/u&gt; tam.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;am going&lt;/u&gt; home.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;seye&lt;/u&gt; fua.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;are being&lt;/u&gt; bad.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Duven et tambeseyo&lt;/u&gt; Fransam ojo huj?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Will you be living&lt;/u&gt; in France by then?''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;tyoyapeyu&lt;/u&gt;, oy se gra yiba.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;would be walking&lt;/u&gt;, but it's too far.''
: Note the difference between the simple and the progressive aspect in the following two sentences:
::* '''Ha tixut &lt;u&gt;tyoyape&lt;/u&gt; tistam hyajub.'''....''The student &lt;u&gt;walks&lt;/u&gt; to school every day.'' (SIMPLE ASPECT)
::* '''Ha tixut &lt;u&gt;tyoyapeye&lt;/u&gt; tistam hijub.'''....''The student &lt;u&gt;is walking&lt;/u&gt; to school today.'' (PROGRESSIVE ASPECT )

=== Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs ===
: First of all, there is a set of ''''quantitative determiners'''' built on the basic word '''ga''' meaning ''more''.  They are shown in the chart below.  Some of them are used in the comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 1 Quantitative Determiners
|-
! TYPE !! POSITIVE !! INTERMEDIATE !! NEGATIVE
|-
| COMPARATIVE || '''ga'''....''more'' || '''ge'''....''equally, as'' || '''go'''....''less''
|-
| ABSOLUTE || '''gla'''....''very'' || '''gle'''....''rather, quite'' || '''glo'''....''not very''
|-
| EXCESSIVE || '''gra'''....''too'' || '''gre'''....''enough'' || '''gro'''....''insufficiently''
|-
| SUPERLATIVE || '''gwa'''....''most'' || '''gwe'''....''just the right degree'' || '''gwo'''....''least''
|}
: These words can be used, among other things, to modify adjectives and adverbs for degree.  In the comparative construction, the word ''than'' or ''as'' in English is translated by the preposition '''vyel''' in Mirad:
::* '''ga via vyel x'''....''more beautiful than x''
::* '''ga igay vyel x'''....''more quickly than x''
::* '''ge fia vyel x'''....''as good as x''
::* '''ge fiay vyel x'''....''as well as x''
::* '''go fia vyel'''....''less good than x''
::* '''go fiay vyel'''....''not a well as x''
::* '''gra iga'''....''too fast''
::* '''gre fia'''....''good enough''
::* '''ha gwa fia tuxut bi ha tistam'''....''the best teacher in the school'' ( = ''of the school'')
::* '''It dala &lt;u&gt;gwe&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He spoke &lt;u&gt;just enough&lt;/u&gt;.''

=== Creating Yes-No Questions ===
: A yes-no question is usually introduced by the particle '''duven''', which literally means ''say whether...''.  This does not involve inverting the subject and predicate.
::* '''Duven et se yata tuxut?'''....''Are you our student?''
::* '''Duven et tyoyape tistam?'''....''Do you walk to school?''
::* '''Duven yit yexeya bay et?'''....''Were they working with you?''
: Sometimes, '''Duven...?''' can be omitted and a question is implied by a rising intonation of voice or a question mark in writing.
::* '''Et upeye bay at?'''....''(Are) you coming with me?''
: The answer to any of the questions could be '''va''' ''yes'', '''ve''' ''maybe'', or '''vo''' ''no''.
: Note: '''voy''' means ''not'' and is used to negate a predicate:
::* '''Yata voy se eta dati.'''....''We are not your friends.''
::* '''Voy at.'''....''Not I.''
: Similarly, '''vay''' means ''indeed, certainly'' and modifies the predicate verb:
::* '''Yet se vay ata dati.'''....''You are really my friends.''
: '''Vey''' is in-between, and means '''may, possibly''' as a predicate modifier:
::* '''At vey upo.'''....''I may come.''
::* '''Hia tuxut se vey ga fia vyel hua tuxut.'''....''This teacher is possibly better than that teacher.''
=== Pronominalizing Adjectives ===
: Possessive adjectives like ''my, his, etc.'' and deictic adjectives like ''this, that, etc.'' can be pronominalized as shown in the following chart:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 1 Pronominalized Possessive and Deictic Adjectives
|-
! ADJECTIVE !! SINGULAR PRONOUN !! PLURAL PRONOUN
|-
| '''ata'''....''my'' || '''atas'''....''mine'' || '''atasi'''....''mine''
|-
| '''eta'''....''your'' || '''etas'''....''yours'' || '''etasi'''....''yours''
|-
| '''ita'''....''his/her'' || '''itas'''....''his/hers'' || '''itasi'''....''his/hers''
|-
| '''yata'''....''our'' || '''yatas'''....''ours'' || '''yatasi'''....''ours''
|-
| '''yeta'''....''your'' || '''yetas'''....''yours'' || '''yetasi'''....''yours''
|-
| '''yita'''....''their'' || '''yitas'''....''theirs'' || '''yitasi'''....''theirs''
|-
| '''hoa'''....''which'' || '''hoas'''....''which one'' || '''hoasi'''....''which ones''
|-
| '''hia'''....''this'' || '''hias'''....''this one'' || '''hiasi'''....''these (ones)''
|-
| '''hua'''....''my'' || '''huas'''....''that one'' || '''huasi'''....''those (ones)''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hias&lt;/u&gt; se etas.  Huas se atas.'''....''&lt;u&gt;This one&lt;/u&gt; is yours.  That one is mine.''
::* '''Huasi se &lt;u&gt;etasi&lt;/u&gt;.  Huasi se atasi.'''....''Those are &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt;.  Those are mine.''
::* '''Duven hua tam se &lt;u&gt;etas&lt;/u&gt;?'''....''Is that house &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt;?''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yatasi&lt;/u&gt; se ga aga vyel yetasi.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Ours&lt;/u&gt; are bigger than yours.''
: All the pronouns in the above chart refer to possessed or specified things.  Change the '''s''' to '''t''' to make them refer to possessed or specified people:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hiati&lt;/u&gt; sa fia vyel huati.'''....''&lt;u&gt;These (people)&lt;/u&gt; were better than those (ones)''.
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Yatati&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Our own (people)&lt;/u&gt;'' ( = ''Sinn Fein'', in Irish)
=== Quiz ===
: Fill in the following blanks with the Mirad equivalent of the underlined English:
::# '''At _________ tam haj hu et yibdalara at.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;was walking&lt;/u&gt; home when you telephoned me.''
::# '''Ha tuxut ___________ zo ita dresem.'''....''The teacher &lt;u&gt;is working&lt;/u&gt; behind his desk.''
::# '''Duven et ___________ tistam zajub?'''....''Will you &lt;u&gt;be coming to&lt;/u&gt; school tomorrow?''
::# '''Hot _____________ hua enzyuk?'''....''Who &lt;u&gt;is getting on&lt;/u&gt; that bicycle?''
::# '''____________ se ga iga vyel ____________.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Mine&lt;/u&gt; are faster than &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt;.''
::# '''Ata dresem se ________ aga vyel __________.'''....''My desk is &lt;u&gt;less&lt;/u&gt; big than &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt;.''
::# '''Yata tuxut yexe ga jestay _______ ________.'''....''Our teacher works harder &lt;u&gt;than&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;yours&lt;/u&gt; (pl.).''

== Vocabulary ==
: Nouns:
::* '''par'''....''vehicle, usually small and unmotorized, like a cart or wagon''
:::* '''enzyukpar'''....''bicycle''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''en-'''....''double'' + '''zyuk'''....''wheel'' + '''par'''....''small vehicle'')
:::* '''enzyuk'''....''bike'' (abbreviated)
::* '''pir'''....''scooter, motorbike''
:::* '''enzyukpir'''....''motorcycle''
::* '''pur'''....''car''
::* '''tistam'''....''school''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''tis'''....''learning'' + '''tam'''....''house'' )
::* '''datif'''....''buddy''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( '''dat'''....''friend'' + '''-if'''....''affection'')
::* '''zadeym'''....''front yard''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''za'''....''front'' + '''deym'''....''garden'' )
::* '''zodeym'''....''back yard''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''zo'''....''back'' )
::* '''jwamaj'''....''morning''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''jwa'''....''early'' + '''maj'''....''day'' vs. '''moj'''....''night'')
: Verbs:
::* '''per'''....''go &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(to)''
:::* '''aper'''....''get on, board, mount''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''a(b)'''....''on'' + '''per'''....''go'')
::::* '''aper pur'''....''get in a car''
:::* '''tyoyaper'''....''walk &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(to)''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''tyoya(b)'''....''foot'' + '''per''' )
:::* '''enzyukper'''....''bike &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(to)''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''enzyuk''' + '''per''')
:::* '''peper'''....''ride &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(on land)
::::* '''pepuer'''....''give a ride/lift to'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(verbs ending in -uer or causative)
::::* '''pepuen'''....''a lift, a ride'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(gerunds end in '''-en''')
:::* '''ifier'''....''like, enjoy, be pleased''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''if'''....''pleasure'' + '''(b)ier'''....''take, get'')
:::* '''ayser'''....''have''    &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''(b)ay'''....''with'' + '''ser'''....''be'')
:::* '''ayswer'''....''belong (to)'' (passive voice of '''ayser''')
: Determiners/Adverbs:
::* '''humep'''....''that way/direction''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( '''mep'''....''road, way'' )
::* '''hyajub'''....''every day''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''hya-'''....''every'' + '''jub'''....''day''
::* '''hijub'''....''today''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''hi-'''....''this'' + '''jub'''....''day''
::* '''hijwamaj'''....''this morning''    &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''hi-'''....''this'' + '''jwa'''....''early'' + '''maj'''....''daylight'')
: Prepositions:
::* '''bay'''....''with, in the company of''
::* '''bey'''....''by, by means of''
::* '''boy'''....''without''
: Pronouns
::* '''atas'''....''mine'', '''etas'''....''yours'', etc.
::* '''hoas?'''....''which one?'', '''hias'''....''this one'', etc.
: Particles
::* '''Duven...?'''....''say whether, is it true that...?''
: Interjections
::* '''hiy...'''....''here is..., here comes...''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''huy...'''....''there is..., there goes..., voila...'' )
::* '''hway'''....''thanks''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''hwey'''....''you're welcome'', '''hwoy'''....''sorry'')

 &lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Lesson 3|Lesson 5}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7xxpvgket661j88n1oempmw0amne12x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Mbrickn</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>418211</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088348</id>
      <parentid>4087723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:10:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RDBury</username>
        <id>100013</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Book idea: Recording and Publishing a Let's Play */ Reply</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55223" xml:space="preserve">==Welcome==
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[Wikibooks:Welcome|Welcome]] to Wikibooks, Mbrickn!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- FIRST COLUMN --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Crystal Clear app kedit.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''First steps tutorial'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
'''Wikibooks is for [[WB:AGF|collaborative]] development of free&amp;nbsp;[[WB:WIW|textbooks]].'''

You do not need technical skills to [[Using Wikibooks|contribute]]. You can [[WB:BOLD|easily change most books]]. Please [[WB:CHAT|introduce yourself]], and let us know what [[WB:PROJECTS|interests you]].

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our [[Wikibooks:Wikibooks for Wikimedians|Wikimedia Orientation]] should quickly get you started.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both; padding-right:1em; text-align:right; font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;(Would you like to provide [[Template talk:Bigwelcome|feedback]] on this message?)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- SECOND COLUMN --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Icon apps query.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Getting help'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* Read the [[Using Wikibooks]] book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our [[Help:Contents|help pages]] for more information.
* You can get friendly help from the community in the [[WB:HELP|user assistance room]] or our [[irc:wikibooks|IRC channel]].
* Upload freely licensed files to [[commons:Wikimedia Commons|Wikimedia Commons]]. You may [[WB:RFP|request permission]] to upload [[w:fair use|fair use]] files locally. Please include author and source {{tl|information}} and a {{nowrap|{{tl|non-free use rationale}}}} for [[WB:FU|non-free]] files.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #14304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola filesystems trashcan full.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Made a mistake?'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* You can [[WB:REVERT|restore]] a previously saved version.
* Pages should follow the [[WB:NP|&lt;code&gt;'''Book Title/Chapter Title'''&lt;/code&gt;]] naming convention.
* Need to rename a page? Use the ''move'' tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for [[WB:HELP|help]]).
* To request a page be deleted, add {{tlx|delete|''your reason''}} to the top of the page.
* Was a page you made deleted? Please read the [[WB:DP|deletion policy]], and check the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] to find out why. Also check the [[WB:RFD|RFD]] archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at [[WB:RFU]], or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible selected&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Transmission icon.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Goodies, tips and tricks'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* Please fill in [[WB:ES|the edit summary]] and [[WB:PREVIEW|preview]] your edits before saving.
* Sign your name on [[WB:TALK|discussion pages]] by typing &amp;#126;&amp;#126;&amp;#126;&amp;#126;
* User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the ''Gadgets'' tab of [[Special:Preferences|''my preferences'']]; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit ''save''!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:Mrjulesd|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange;&quot;&gt;Jules&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;nbsp;[[User talk:Mrjulesd|(Mrjulesd)]] 20:47, 9 August 2020 (UTC)

:: Thanks for the welcome! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 17:15, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

== Spanish Civil War in US History ==

I like your additions to Spanish Civil War in US History. I feel the page should lose its title, and expand to feature other US/foreign interactions: the German American Bund and Italian/American pro-Fascist organizations, American Communism (insofar as they saw the Soviet Union as an inspiration), and the fears of American Jews about Nazi Germany. I also hope it should cover &quot;the pure products of America,&quot; American Eugenics. (&quot;The pure products of America/Go crazy [. . .] &lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;autosigned&quot;&gt;—&amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Pittsburgh Poet|Pittsburgh Poet]] ([[User talk:Pittsburgh Poet#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pittsburgh Poet|contribs]]) &lt;/small&gt;

:: Sure! I think that those could be good topics to cover. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 18:44, 4 September 2020 (UTC)

==Thank you!!!==
Hello, I'm Aledownload, the creator of ''[[History of video games]]''. I've been inactive for a long time, and I greatly enjoy the work you did on my book. I'm starting to contribute again, and I'd wish us a good cooperation on the subject. Thank you for your edits! --[[User:Aledownload|Aledownload]] ([[User talk:Aledownload|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Aledownload|contribs]]) 09:08, 10 February 2021 (UTC).
: No problem! Glad I could help! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:01, 10 February 2021 (UTC)

== Great work on the Link's Awakening 2019 guide! ==

Came here to say good job! [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:31, 18 June 2021 (UTC)
: Thanks! Meant to do another playthrough, and figured I'd write a guide while I'm at it. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 20:43, 18 June 2021 (UTC)

== Feel free to help ==

Thank you for helping me on this big project. The [[Pokemon]] one especially is very tough because of what a mess it is [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 19:30, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
: No problem! I was actually thinking of doing an Sapphire walkthrough, so your undeletion work really cuts down on the work of doing a new one from scratch. Thank you for your hard work! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 00:51, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
::No worries, I'm happy to help! :) (i would suggest splitting some of the Ruby/Sapphire sections from the &quot;Petalburg Area&quot; and &quot;Rustboro Area&quot; into their own sections). I could do that if you wanted me to. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 00:54, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
::: I can do it, but I have to leave in a second since the building I'm in is about to close. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 00:55, 29 June 2021 (UTC)

== I think I restored all the guides ==

A couple of images aside, I think I restored all of the guides that were once on wikibooks, and have been trying to make improvements to some of them. For instance, I added a pokemon infobox (adapted/edited from one originally on Wikipedia, where it was preserved for historical reference) to the [[Pokémon/Pokédex/Mankey|Mankey]] article. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 18:40, 2 July 2021 (UTC)
: Cool! Thank you for your hard work! I'm working on polishing some of the old guides by fixing spelling errors, etc. After that hopefully I can expand them a bit too.--[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 18:43, 2 July 2021 (UTC)
::No prob, and thank you so much for helping me out [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 18:46, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

== The titles of two of my wikibooks ==

Talking about the [[A Field Guide to Final Fantasy's Creatures and Monsters]] and [[A Traveler's Guide to the World of Pokémon]]. I wanted to be slightly creative with those two titles to allow others to &quot;connect&quot; with the wikibooks more easily (because field and travel guides are real). I got a Wikipedia admin to undelete page history for several of the Pokemon location articles already for the wikibook, and have been very happy about preserving them. The points of interest lists in the Pokémon town/city articles already make the articles connect with the wikibook title, so I like how it worked out well like that. It might take me a while to build up the ''[[Fire Emblem Warriors]]'' wikibook (gotta find some time &amp; attention for it, but it's like how you're working on the Zelda Link's Awakening (Switch) guide :).) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 18:49, 7 July 2021 (UTC)
: That's cool! I've never played Fire Emblem Warriors, but I've been meaning to play it eventually (A year or so at the earliest, given my backlog), perhaps with your guide for help! As for the Pokémon Travel Guide, I'm not sure if I've been doing a good job trying to bookify the Wikipedia articles, so let me know if I'm on the right track. I was a bit hesitant to link to other Wikibooks from there, but if you think it's fine then I'll do so. Thank you again for your hard work! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 18:53, 7 July 2021 (UTC)
::No prob, glad to help. Feel free to link to the [[Pokémon]] wikibook for the Pokémon articles. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 20:44, 7 July 2021 (UTC)
::: Ended up with surprise downtime, so I'm nearing the end of my first playthrough of this game. Will work on expanding the strategy guide more soon. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 06:59, 29 December 2021 (UTC)

== I feel bad ==

I know that importing StrategyWiki is ok, but I said that after the Oracle of Seasons &amp; Ages games that I'd stop because it looks like that Procyon and Prod were genuinely upset about the reuse of their guides in that they actually did have a real passion over the past 15 years of being a strategy guide resource. They have a Luigi's Mansion guide, listed at 100%, but I felt that if ever me, you, or someone else develops it, it's from scratch and/or with help from some Wikipedia content, and similar. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:26, 13 July 2021 (UTC)
: I appreciate the work you do, and please don't feel bad for it. Given the license, there was no reason to think there would be that sort of reaction, but it's perhaps best we are gregarious with them to cultivate a relationship which is mutually beneficial. Truth be told, I was planning on working on a Luigi's Mansion guide myself since I still have a copy, and never fully beat it when it was a current game. I have an idea for a less conventional, more educational strategy guide for that subject too. Again, I'm genuinely thankful for the work you do, even a skeleton of a guide is easier to develop then a guide from scratch. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 17:34, 13 July 2021 (UTC)

== Was just thinking ==

Your real world image additions to the [[A Traveler's Guide to the World of Pokémon/Kanto/Pallet Town|Pallet Town]] wikibook help add to the feel of the wikibook being travel guide (albeit obviously fictional.) Good job! [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 01:14, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
: Thank you! I'm hoping that video game strategy guides on Wikibooks can be a bridge to real world knowledge acquisition as well. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 01:15, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
::No prob :) I just feel happy because sometimes art can't be put into words, but it's like you visually described what I was sort of thinking when envisioning the guide [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 01:22, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
::: Thanks! Thinking about it, I've contributed to Wikivoyage a bit, so maybe I subconsciously tried to replicate that sort of vibe. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 01:25, 15 July 2021 (UTC)

== Adminship? ==

I know you're more of an editor-based user, but do you think sysop will help you in your work? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 21:45, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
: I'm not quite sure It's a good idea right now to be honest. I'd like to help out long term, but typically I'm using public computers with sporadic access. Right now I have a loaner computer till late August, but I'm not sure I can reliably contribute in the long term (That's why I've been editing like mad recently, gotta use it while I can). I'll ping you once I get better situated. Thanks though! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 21:50, 15 July 2021 (UTC)

== [[Final Fantasy VII/Walkthrough/Sleeping Forest and the Forgotten Capital]] ==

Thank you for getting that. I was almost worried (for some reason) that people would think it was me since I've been very dedicated to restoring content lately. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:42, 16 July 2021 (UTC)
: It's no problem! It's easy for some old content to slip past the net, so I wouldn't blame you there. I've been trying to update the old strategy guides in regards to [[Wikibooks:Profanity]], and I've caught most of the major swear words I think, though I haven't checked for common variations. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 12:46, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

== Good job ==

Once again, thank you for helping out a lot on the video game guides and even creating subject categories (e.g. [[Subject:Mario]]). I've been slightly busy in real life, so I haven't had much opportunity to help out (and I got a lot transwikied already). I'm hoping to get a couple of more Kirby pages transwikied later. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 13:37, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
: No problem! I'll be pretty busy in about a week or so, so I figured I'd get it knocked out now when I have some downtime. Thank you for your work on the Transwiki process! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 15:19, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::Absolutely. I hope it's ok to say this but I wonder if we can directly DM somehow (on Discord or similar for subjects/hobbies in general). I'm actually a social person by nature, and I think we get along very well. :) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:56, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::: Certainly! I'll recover my old login details for Discord when I get some time. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 20:05, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::::alright then! [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 21:09, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
:::::{{Ping|2005-Fan}} Sorry for the delay, had to dig up the old account info. My handle on dc is &quot;UffDa#9054&quot;. I think it's case sensitive. Thanks! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 10:29, 14 August 2021 (UTC)
::::::Okay I sent a friend request to you on Discord [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:43, 14 August 2021 (UTC)

== Paranormal. ==

I looked at the paranormal pages but want to start new paranormal works such as wendigo, Bigfoot, etc. How would I go about this?? Thank you.
[[Special:Contributions/64.39.87.169|64.39.87.169]] ([[User talk:64.39.87.169|discuss]]) 22:10, 29 August 2021 (UTC)
: [[Cryptids]] are an interesting subject! I think a book on folklore regarding such creatures and other ''verifiable'' material surrounding them would be welcome. As Cryptids are a subset of legendary creatures, which are a subset of mythology, It would most likely be shelved on [[Shelf:Cultural anthropology]]. I made a red link on the beginning of this reply, which would allow you to create such a bookI think. You may also want to consider making an account to attribute your changes to a username, rather then an IP. If you need help, please let me know! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:17, 29 August 2021 (UTC)
::When you get a chance could you check my edits on [[cryptids]]? Thank you. [[Special:Contributions/64.39.87.169|64.39.87.169]] ([[User talk:64.39.87.169|discuss]]) 22:30, 29 August 2021 (UTC)
::: Looks good! Just be sure to flesh it out some more. I went ahead and did some formatting work, but overall looks like the right path to be on. Again, let me know if you need any assistance! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:38, 29 August 2021 (UTC)

== INTRODUCTION TO MODEL RAILWAYS ==

thanks very much for the edits to the book - the model railway picture is much better than my original. I love the link to the printable version too....
: No problem! Glad I could help. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:15, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
==Removal of periods==
I know that you made good illustrations but the captions are not sentences. That is why I removed the periods (.) from [[Learning anatomy/Kidney]] and [[Learning anatomy/Muscle]]. Next time you add illustrations, don't forget to not add periods.--[[User:Gffsgeys|Gffsgeys]] ([[User talk:Gffsgeys|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gffsgeys|contribs]]) 11:35, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
: Thanks for the heads up. If you haven't already, consider making a manual of style for [[Learning anatomy]]. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:04, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

== The noinclude tag ==

Hello Mbrickn, thanks for your edit of [[b:Medical_Machines/Suction_Machines|Suction Machines]] but I don't understand the benefit or value of noinclude there. Please explain or cite a reference. Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:29, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

: Hello {{Ping|PeterEasthope}}! I had forgotten myself so I went ahead and reverted some of my changes. The addition of the noinclude prevents an error when transcluding into a printable version. Just once produces a benign style error. Twice or more though, and it causes an error to be inserted into the text. (Copied below) Noinclude fixes the issue. Sorry, I should have left that in the changelog comment. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 03:29, 21 November 2021 (UTC)
: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;
Warning: Display title &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Suction Machines and Aspirators&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;font-style:italic;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Operation and Maintenance&lt;/span&gt;&quot; overrides earlier display title &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Centrifuges&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;font-style:italic;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Operation and Maintenance&lt;/span&gt;&quot;.
&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== [[Fireboy and Watergirl in the Forest Temple/Printable version]] ==

Hi, I noticed that you have created a printable version for the book! Thank you very much! Just curios to know, is it possible for the title page to have a cover image? Thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 09:18, 26 November 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Gifnk dlm 2020}} No problem! I'm not sure if you mean an image for the live book or the printable version, but in both cases it should be possible! If you have an image uploaded, I can add it for you. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 11:13, 26 November 2021 (UTC)

::I meant for the printable version. Just the image that is on the main page of the book. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 14:26, 26 November 2021 (UTC)
::: Done! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 23:37, 26 November 2021 (UTC)

::::Thank you very much! -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 13:05, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

== Import [[wikipedia:Draft:List of Great Cave Offensive Treasures|Draft:List of Great Cave Offensive Treasures]] ==

Hi, mind importing this for ''[[Kirby Super Star]]'' article (under [[Kirby Super Star/The Great Cave Offensive/Treasure locations]])? Looks like I overlooked this one during my brief admin tenure. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 04:19, 28 November 2021 (UTC)
: Can do! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:21, 28 November 2021 (UTC)
:: Done! Let me know if you need anything else! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:27, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

== Import [[w:Draft:Phunbaba]] to ''[[Final Fantasy VI]]'' ==

Mind importing another for me? :) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:43, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
: Will do! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 23:40, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
:: {{Ping|2005-Fan}} Done! It's live at [[Final Fantasy VI/Bosses/Phunbaba]]. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 23:58, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

== Accidentally thanked a use ==

Hi, I have accidentally thanked a user. Is there something I should do? I understand the log is public. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 20:11, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
: I'm unsure if there is a way to undo thanks on Wikimedia projects. You might try asking at [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance]] for a better answer. In the short term, the button is quite close to the undo button, so I don't think anyone will blame you for clicking it. If you vehmanantly disagree with the content you thanked, you may consider noting it on your user page. For example, I maintain some subpages on my userpage containing errata, and other project adjacent notes. Perhaps such a list with links to the change in particular would be helpful to you should you wish to disavow a thanks (IE: Thanked a vandal instead of undo)? --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 23:52, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

::I thanked a vandal by accident but after the edit was ondone. I edit on a tablet on mobile mode and when I was looking what the user did I accidentally pressed “thank”. I’m not sure if it’s notable enough for being on my usepage though. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 07:09, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

== Merry Christmas 2021 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border-style:solid; border-color:#01902a; background-color:#ffff00; border-width:3px; text-align:left; padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-style:solid; border-color:red; background-color:#00ffff; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:6px;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[File:Christmas postcard 1907.jpg|thumb|center]]

[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|chat]]) wishes you a Very Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. Hopefully this greeting has made your day a little better. Spread WikiLove by wishing another user Merry Christmas! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year.

Much love! -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Merry&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; Christmas &lt;/span&gt; 🎄([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 12:11, 24 December 2021 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
: Thanks! Merry Christmas to you too! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:40, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

== [[The Story of Rhodesia/Printable version]] ==

Hi, I see that you created a printable version of this book. Thank you very much! However, the book is divided not only to chapters but also to parts. Is it possible to make this show up in the printable version as well? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Merry&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; Christmas &lt;/span&gt; 🎄([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 18:46, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
: Yup, I can do that! I'll take a look soon. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 21:42, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
:: I just took a look. On one hand, I can do that, but on the other it will be slightly harder to maintain. Is that alright with you? --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:44, 31 December 2021 (UTC)

:::What do you mean? Harder to maintain in what meaning? Thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 09:28, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
:::: Currently the book uses [[Template:Printable]] to autogenerate a printable version dynamically based on the table of contents in the main book. This reduces maintenance requirements, because as chapters are added or removed (For example, during a merger), it is able to compensate on the fly without editor intervention. I can make a manual printed book with the headings included, but it will need to be updated when someone finishes the final chapters of the book. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 01:54, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
::::I went ahead and made it as an alternate version, which you can see here [[The Story of Rhodesia/Printable version (Alternate)]]. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 02:10, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

:::::Thank you very much! I think it’s good. Also, last year, I have finished the book about LOLGraphics. How do I make a static pdf version? Do I just go to the printable version, press download as pdf and upload the pdf to commons? Is it possible to make it so that the table of contents will appear in the pdf? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 08:26, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
::::::That should work, however I've never made a PDF printable version for wikibooks before. I would probably just typeset it using Scribus if I wanted to make it fancy. As per the TOC issue, it appears others have encountered this before. There is documentation available on how it has traditionally been done at [[Help:Print versions]]. Hope this helps! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 13:38, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

:I have made a pdf version and uploaded to commons. I think because the book is short it’s ok also without a TOC. One last question: is it eligible to become a featured book? Thanks in advance. P.S. I think you can add your username to authors and contributors in the book that this thread was originally about. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 14:40, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
::Not sure if you're referring to [[The Story of Rhodesia]] or [[Programming in LOLGraphics 3.4]]
::The Story of Rhodesia almost certainly wouldn't be eligible since Part 4 is essentially at 0% completion. (Fails criteria 4 and 6) Historically however this was not an issue, so perhaps it is possible. (See [[Wikibooks:Featured books/Nominations/Addition/Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book]])
::I don't see anything immediately disqualifying Programming in LOLGraphics 3.4 from achieving 3.4 status, aside from one potential snag. (Your photo of a cheeseburger used in your examples is freely licenced or one you took yourself, yes?)
::[[Wikibooks:Good books]] has more information on what counts as a featured book. You can nominate a book to be featured at [[Wikibooks:Featured books/Nominations]]. However I am not sure that it has a great chance of success at this current time, in part due to it's unorthodox style (Not necessarily bad or disqualifying, but it is different from other featured books), and more importantly due to a lack of community input in such matters as of late preventing adequate consensus from being reached. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 15:01, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

:::Thanks for the reply! I meant the book about LOLGraphics. The picture of the cheeseburger is a feels licensed image from Wikipedia commons, and I have given credit in the app. I didn’t know you can nominate your own creation. Also how do books get the attention needed for a consensus to be reached? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 15:08, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
::::So is the use of the picture fine? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 15:41, 2 January 2022 (UTC)
:::::As long as it's attributed correctly according to it's licence that should be fine! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 02:14, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

== Is [[Salute, Jonathan!]] status 100%? ==

Hi, I see that you have created [[Shelf:Hello, Jonathan!]]. That’s a very interesting idea and I like it. I have noticed there’s in this shelf a book that claims to be 100% complete however has many red links. Also the printable version just copied the source code of all the chapters so if someone edits one he will have to do the same edit twice. I think embedding pages will work better like what you created about Rhodesia. Thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 10:56, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

:I created this shelf simply to better keep track of all the variants of ''Salute, Jonathan'' being made to aid readers looking for such books (As I did with many other subjects), as well as to keep books in the parent shelf more organized. 
:A separate author recently marked it as complete, so I would ask them, but it appears their reasoning was that the primary part of the book was complete. (All chapters done), despite a number of auxiliary pages being redlinks. Defining status is often more of an art then a science: Is it enough for the primary text to be complete, or should appendix materials also be complete too? For some books, the literal interpretation of 100% works, for others it can never be &quot;100%&quot; complete under a strict definition. Since the authors are still active, and the ranking is potentially correct (Blatantly wrong status can be changed more freely), I would recommend reaching out to the authors of the book to discuss the status ranking of the book.
:As for the printable version, I'd have to look at that, but it appears to be very large. Unfortunately transclusion can often fail on very large works, though I haven't investigated the technical reason for why. I can give it a shot of course, but the current example may be the best possible solution for the issue. (Despite being very imperfect) [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 08:43, 8 January 2022 (UTC)
::I managed to give a printable version a shot, and it works. You can see it at [[Salute, Jonathan!/Printable version]]. Requested comment from authors to see if this is suitable for reader use at [[Talk:Salute, Jonathan!]]. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 08:48, 8 January 2022 (UTC)

:::OK I see. Thank you very much! It doesn’t appear to me as if this book is one that can never be complete if you use the strict definition, but since it’s obvious the primary part is done maybe it should be status 75%? I understand though that the author might have thought that people will only read books with status 100% so wrote it like that when all the chapters were completed. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 12:30, 8 January 2022 (UTC)

==[[:Minecraft resource gathering]]==
{{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Mbrickn, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Minecraft resource gathering|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] &quot;[[:Minecraft resource gathering|Minecraft resource gathering]]&quot;.'''&lt;br /&gt;You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[Special:Contributions/96.18.219.55|96.18.219.55]] ([[User talk:96.18.219.55|discuss]]) 18:10, 8 January 2022 (UTC)}}

== [[Dag, Jonathan!]] ==

Hi, I have noticed that this book is in Shelf:Constructed Languages, despite being in [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negerhollands Negerhollands] which is not a constructed language. Shouldn’t it be in Shelf:Languages of North America? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 08:48, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

:You're right - It shouldn't be under that shelf. Since it's under that shelf via transclusion, the best thing to do would be to move the Hello, Johnathan parent shelf to an appropriate shelf, then add Dag, Jonathan to the Languages of North America shelf, and every other book in the Hello, Johnathan shelf to the constructed languages shelf. I'll get on this soon. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:36, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

::Thank you very much! Btw, is the appropriate shelf Department:Languages? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 08:11, 15 January 2022 (UTC)
:::I took care of it. Since it's a work of fiction (Albeit one intended for instructional use and thus suitable for Wikibooks in spirit at least), I ended up putting the shelf under literature, and putting the individual books under the relevant language shelves. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:47, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

::::Also works! Thank you very much! -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 09:22, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

== Apologies about GFDL remarks ==

Hi there,

Sorry I think I caused confusion with my comment at [[Special:Diff/4030554]], which wasn't altogether correct. Looking at [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3-faq.html] GFDL single license content can only be dual-licensed if that content was added before November 1, 2008, unless it came from a public wiki. 

In other words, single-licensed GFDL content, not from a public wiki, could only be added to Wikibooks before November 1, 2008.

Both [[Hindi Lessons]] and [[How Language Works]] appear to have been imported before this cut-off date. So I was wrong to suggest this might not be correct.

Apologies --[[User:Mrjulesd|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange;&quot;&gt;Jules&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;nbsp;[[User talk:Mrjulesd|(Mrjulesd)]] 21:53, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

:You're good! I'm glad that the material can remain in that case. :D [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 21:56, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

== Oi ==

thanks [[User:Juuudfufhbf|Juuudfufhbf]] ([[User talk:Juuudfufhbf|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juuudfufhbf|contribs]]) 02:20, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

== Problem with [[Minecraft resource gathering]] ==

Hi,
The book users warning templates which don’t show up in the pdf version. What to do? Maybe put it as text with am warning icon as an image and a background to simulate the warning template, sort of like the Christmas greeting I left you &amp; other users as well. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:#EBD5B3;&quot;&gt;[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|📜&lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt;GIFNK&lt;/span&gt;📖&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;DLM💻MMXX🏰&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|TALK🎙]] | [[Special:Contributions/Gifnk dlm 2020|CONTRIBS]])&lt;/span&gt; 19:17, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

:That's odd. Are you using an autogenerated PDF or custom? [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 21:36, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

::I went to [[Minecraft resource gathering/Printable version]], and pressed download as pdf under print/export. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:#EBD5B3;&quot;&gt;[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|📜&lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt;GIFNK&lt;/span&gt;📖&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;DLM💻MMXX🏰&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|TALK🎙]] | [[Special:Contributions/Gifnk dlm 2020|CONTRIBS]])&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
:::Hmm. I'll look into it. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 12:34, 9 February 2022 (UTC)

::::Maybe it’s possible to put an image and text like in [[Practice Problems in LOLGraphics/Solution to Problem I]]? I think the warning template is for editors only therefore doesn’t show up in the pdf version. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:#EBD5B3;&quot;&gt;[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|📜&lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt;GIFNK&lt;/span&gt;📖&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;DLM💻MMXX🏰&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|TALK🎙]] | [[Special:Contributions/Gifnk dlm 2020|CONTRIBS]])&lt;/span&gt; 08:59, 12 February 2022 (UTC)
:::::Apparently there used to be a template for printing warnings at [[Template:PrintWarning]], However it was deleted? [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 10:37, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

::::::Sorry I missed your comment. Like I ping users when I reply to them, could you please ping me when you reply to me? We can submit a request for undeletion. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:#EBD5B3;&quot;&gt;[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|📜&lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt;GIFNK&lt;/span&gt;📖&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;DLM💻MMXX🏰&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|TALK🎙]] | [[Special:Contributions/Gifnk dlm 2020|CONTRIBS]])&lt;/span&gt; 19:58, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

== I got another guy for you to import ==

Import the history of [[w:Draft:Dungeon (The Legend of Zelda Series)]] to [[Zelda franchise strategy guide/Dungeons]] [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 14:19, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

:{{Ping|2005-Fan}} Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 14:24, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you! :D [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:19, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

== inactivity ==

I have been inactive because I edit/create several other gaming wikis that have the &quot;Wikibooks&quot; look to them, if that makes sense (but have the style of MarioWiki). I was just too shy to say anything about it (as it might be advertising/rule breaking), but you can find one of them under the &quot;Further reading&quot; section of ''[[Final Fantasy VII]]'' article [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:13, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

:Thanks! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:14, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

::You're welcome, I hope you understand :D [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:15, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
:::Totally! I asked a clarification question about the site on DC. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:25, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
::::what's DC? [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:36, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
::::Wait nvm, direct communication on Discord [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:41, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

== need another thing added to [[Zelda franchise strategy guide]] ==

Mind importing [[w:Draft:Rings (The Legend of Zelda series)]] to [[Zelda franchise strategy guide/Items/Rings]]? [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:47, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
:Also requesting [[w:Stone Tower (The Legend of Zelda)]] to be imported to [[The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask/Locations/Stone Tower]] [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:08, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
::And lastly [[w:Sacred Realm]] into [[Zelda franchise strategy guide/Locations/Sacred Realm]] [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:23, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
:::Done! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 02:03, 16 February 2022 (UTC)

== few articles ==

Mind adding page history of [[w:List of non-Kremling Donkey Kong enemies]] into [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Mario_franchise_strategy_guide/Enemies/List_of_non-Kremling_Donkey_Kong_enemies here] and adding [[w:Donkey Kong's animal buddies]] to [[Mario franchise strategy guide]] as well? Thank you :) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 01:22, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

:Imported the first article. Moved the existing article at this location to [[Mario franchise strategy guide/Enemies/List of non-Kremling Donkey Kong enemies (Old)]], presumably for deletion? (Since the page history is missing) [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 09:16, 29 March 2022 (UTC)
:[[Mario franchise strategy guide/Donkey Kong's animal buddies]] is live. Hope this helps! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 09:19, 29 March 2022 (UTC)
::{{ping|Mbrickn}} Yeah you can delete the [[Mario franchise strategy guide/Enemies/List of non-Kremling Donkey Kong enemies (Old)|old page]], thank you.
::I did also request the page history of [[w:Universe of the Metroid series]], though there isn't a place to add it into yet, so [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 11:59, 29 March 2022 (UTC)
:::I suppose a new book could be created for the overall Metroid series. We do have a [[Shelf:Metroid]], and it's not uncommon for other landmark series to have an overarching book. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 02:27, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
::::I think I didn't make a Metroid book because I never played much Metroid &amp; never played any games in the Prime series, so that's why I never got to it while i was a temp admin [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 03:25, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
:::::Understood! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 09:41, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

== Few more for [[Zelda franchise strategy guide]] ==

Mind importing the page histories for [[w:Koholint Island]], [[w:Lon Lon Ranch]], [[w:Subrosia]], [[w:Gerudo Valley]], [[w:Lost Woods]], [[w:Spectacle Rock]], and [[w:Termina]] for the Zelda franchise strategy guide? Thank you [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:53, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

:Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 19:26, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

== ''Metroid'' ==

Okay, so I decided to try out a [[Metroid franchise strategy guide]], although we never got around to importing [[w:Universe of the Metroid series]] (given how I am not the biggest expert on the ''Metroid'' games). Would you mind importing that for inclusion? There's also [[w:Draft:Creatures in the Metroid series|Draft:Creatures in the Metroid series]], [[w:Draft:Creatures in the Metroid Prime series|Creatures in the Metroid Prime series]], [[w:Draft:Creatures in Metroid Fusion and Metroid: Zero Mission|Creatures in Metroid Fusion and Metroid: Zero Mission]], [[w:Draft:Creatures in Metroid, Metroid II, and Super Metroid|Creatures in Metroid, Metroid II, and Super Metroid]], and [[w:Items in the Metroid series|Items in the Metroid series]] to import. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 02:31, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

:Can do! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:10, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
:Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 05:11, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you so much! [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 10:18, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

== Shelf:Meitei ==

Hi, Mbrickn, [[User:Haoreima]] has created 2 new books [[Modern Meitei]] and [[Ancient Meitei]]. I think there should be a shelf dedicated to Meitei since based on the book, the user also plans to make one on Classical Meitei. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;&gt;[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Слава🇺🇦Україні&lt;/span&gt;🇺🇦&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦&lt;/span&gt;]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦&lt;/span&gt; 18:21, 30 May 2022 (UTC)

:Can do [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:29, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
:Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:36, 30 May 2022 (UTC)

::Thank you very much! -&lt;span style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;&gt;[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Слава🇺🇦Україні&lt;/span&gt;🇺🇦&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦&lt;/span&gt;]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦&lt;/span&gt; 10:36, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

== Import request ==

Want to import [[w:Draft:Trainer Card (Pokémon)]] to one of the [[:Category:Shelf:Pokémon|Pokémon guides]]? Thank you. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 00:21, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

:Can do! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 03:38, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
:Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 03:53, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you! :) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:08, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

== Stardew Valley progress ==

I noticed that there hasn't been progress on the Stardew Valley book in a while. I was thinking about starting work on it, but since you seem to to be the main contributor, it seemed like a good idea to let you know before starting. It's one of my favorite games and I've collected extensive notes, and I've written guides for other games, though none published here. [[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 09:22, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

:Hello! By all means, please go ahead! :D I love Stardew Valley, but my real life schedule got a lot busier since I started that book, so I'd not gotten a chance to work on it as much as I'd like. Thanks for asking! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 17:19, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

== {&lt;nowiki/&gt;{BOOKNAME}} ==

So what is the advantage of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{{{BOOKNAME}}/crafting}} over {{minecraft/crafting}}?&lt;/nowiki&gt; Thanks. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 07:57, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

:It basically lets you use a relative link instead of a hard-coded one - giving an advantage only should the namespace of the book ever change. To be honest, I mostly do it out of habit because it typically saves some space and makes the wikitext more readable in the source editor, but here it actually uses some extra space so that advantage is reversed. If you think it would be easier for the contributors of the book to have the original style, I'd be happy to change it back - Contributors and their happiness are more important then hypothetical benefits. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 08:28, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
::It is slightly more work for me to type, but if a book of 600+ pages gets renamed, wow, my work would be set out for me. Sure, if you want to use it on the other pages, I won't mind. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 09:06, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:::I should emphasize that I really don't think that's too likely in this specific case. I've only encountered it a few times, and there are other ways of doing automated renames. So please don't worry about it too much. :) [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 09:26, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

== Book idea: Recording and Publishing a Let's Play ==

First, yes, Stardew Valley is still in progress, and there's more that I wanted to add. But I was thinking it would also be nice to do &quot;How To&quot; on publishing a Let's Play video. I was planning to do a Let's Play for Stardew valley, and thought it might be useful to document my process here. You seem to be interested in video games in general, so I wanted to hear your thoughts on the idea. [[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 15:09, 28 July 2022 (UTC)

PS. I know there's already a book on [[Video Production]], but that seems to focus on actual video, not recording games. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 15:17, 28 July 2022 (UTC)
:Sounds like a good idea. I'm for it! :)
:It's been over a decade since I last did a let's play, but I'd be happy to help when I can. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 19:00, 28 July 2022 (UTC)
::I'm no expert, and I could definitely use help from people who use different software/devices; there is no one-size-fits-all for it in my limited experience. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 14:39, 29 July 2022 (UTC)
:::Certainly. I'll see if I can find the ol' tv tuner and mess around with it again. :) [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 18:15, 29 July 2022 (UTC)
::::I created [[Gaming Video: A How To Guide]] as a start. I'm not totally happy with the name, but it'll do until someone things of a better one. I've only used OBS, but I suppose a 'tv tuner' is a recording device? There are so many possible setups, and I can only speak to the one I have experience with. [[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 19:10, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1xmgwc3tud9p9tlawimku7dy02a47oa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088421</id>
      <parentid>4088348</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:21:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Book idea: Recording and Publishing a Let's Play */ Reply</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55953" xml:space="preserve">==Welcome==
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[Wikibooks:Welcome|Welcome]] to Wikibooks, Mbrickn!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- FIRST COLUMN --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Crystal Clear app kedit.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''First steps tutorial'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
'''Wikibooks is for [[WB:AGF|collaborative]] development of free&amp;nbsp;[[WB:WIW|textbooks]].'''

You do not need technical skills to [[Using Wikibooks|contribute]]. You can [[WB:BOLD|easily change most books]]. Please [[WB:CHAT|introduce yourself]], and let us know what [[WB:PROJECTS|interests you]].

If you already contribute at other Wikimedia projects, our [[Wikibooks:Wikibooks for Wikimedians|Wikimedia Orientation]] should quickly get you started.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both; padding-right:1em; text-align:right; font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;(Would you like to provide [[Template talk:Bigwelcome|feedback]] on this message?)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- SECOND COLUMN --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:49.5%; float:left; margin:0em; padding:0em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Icon apps query.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Getting help'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* Read the [[Using Wikibooks]] book for a friendly introduction to the project, or our [[Help:Contents|help pages]] for more information.
* You can get friendly help from the community in the [[WB:HELP|user assistance room]] or our [[irc:wikibooks|IRC channel]].
* Upload freely licensed files to [[commons:Wikimedia Commons|Wikimedia Commons]]. You may [[WB:RFP|request permission]] to upload [[w:fair use|fair use]] files locally. Please include author and source {{tl|information}} and a {{nowrap|{{tl|non-free use rationale}}}} for [[WB:FU|non-free]] files.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #14304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola filesystems trashcan full.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Made a mistake?'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* You can [[WB:REVERT|restore]] a previously saved version.
* Pages should follow the [[WB:NP|&lt;code&gt;'''Book Title/Chapter Title'''&lt;/code&gt;]] naming convention.
* Need to rename a page? Use the ''move'' tab (is available once your account is 4 days old - until then, ask for [[WB:HELP|help]]).
* To request a page be deleted, add {{tlx|delete|''your reason''}} to the top of the page.
* Was a page you made deleted? Please read the [[WB:DP|deletion policy]], and check the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] to find out why. Also check the [[WB:RFD|RFD]] archives if applicable. You can request undeletion at [[WB:RFU]], or ask the administrator who deleted the page.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible selected&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.2em; border:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#f4eed7; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #15304f; background-color:#89b5e7; padding:0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[File:Transmission icon.png|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Goodies, tips and tricks'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;&quot;&gt;
* Please fill in [[WB:ES|the edit summary]] and [[WB:PREVIEW|preview]] your edits before saving.
* Sign your name on [[WB:TALK|discussion pages]] by typing &amp;#126;&amp;#126;&amp;#126;&amp;#126;
* User scripts can make many tasks easier. Look at the ''Gadgets'' tab of [[Special:Preferences|''my preferences'']]; check off the boxes for the scripts you want, and hit ''save''!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:Mrjulesd|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange;&quot;&gt;Jules&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;nbsp;[[User talk:Mrjulesd|(Mrjulesd)]] 20:47, 9 August 2020 (UTC)

:: Thanks for the welcome! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 17:15, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

== Spanish Civil War in US History ==

I like your additions to Spanish Civil War in US History. I feel the page should lose its title, and expand to feature other US/foreign interactions: the German American Bund and Italian/American pro-Fascist organizations, American Communism (insofar as they saw the Soviet Union as an inspiration), and the fears of American Jews about Nazi Germany. I also hope it should cover &quot;the pure products of America,&quot; American Eugenics. (&quot;The pure products of America/Go crazy [. . .] &lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;autosigned&quot;&gt;—&amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Pittsburgh Poet|Pittsburgh Poet]] ([[User talk:Pittsburgh Poet#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pittsburgh Poet|contribs]]) &lt;/small&gt;

:: Sure! I think that those could be good topics to cover. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 18:44, 4 September 2020 (UTC)

==Thank you!!!==
Hello, I'm Aledownload, the creator of ''[[History of video games]]''. I've been inactive for a long time, and I greatly enjoy the work you did on my book. I'm starting to contribute again, and I'd wish us a good cooperation on the subject. Thank you for your edits! --[[User:Aledownload|Aledownload]] ([[User talk:Aledownload|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Aledownload|contribs]]) 09:08, 10 February 2021 (UTC).
: No problem! Glad I could help! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:01, 10 February 2021 (UTC)

== Great work on the Link's Awakening 2019 guide! ==

Came here to say good job! [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:31, 18 June 2021 (UTC)
: Thanks! Meant to do another playthrough, and figured I'd write a guide while I'm at it. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 20:43, 18 June 2021 (UTC)

== Feel free to help ==

Thank you for helping me on this big project. The [[Pokemon]] one especially is very tough because of what a mess it is [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 19:30, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
: No problem! I was actually thinking of doing an Sapphire walkthrough, so your undeletion work really cuts down on the work of doing a new one from scratch. Thank you for your hard work! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 00:51, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
::No worries, I'm happy to help! :) (i would suggest splitting some of the Ruby/Sapphire sections from the &quot;Petalburg Area&quot; and &quot;Rustboro Area&quot; into their own sections). I could do that if you wanted me to. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 00:54, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
::: I can do it, but I have to leave in a second since the building I'm in is about to close. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 00:55, 29 June 2021 (UTC)

== I think I restored all the guides ==

A couple of images aside, I think I restored all of the guides that were once on wikibooks, and have been trying to make improvements to some of them. For instance, I added a pokemon infobox (adapted/edited from one originally on Wikipedia, where it was preserved for historical reference) to the [[Pokémon/Pokédex/Mankey|Mankey]] article. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 18:40, 2 July 2021 (UTC)
: Cool! Thank you for your hard work! I'm working on polishing some of the old guides by fixing spelling errors, etc. After that hopefully I can expand them a bit too.--[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 18:43, 2 July 2021 (UTC)
::No prob, and thank you so much for helping me out [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 18:46, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

== The titles of two of my wikibooks ==

Talking about the [[A Field Guide to Final Fantasy's Creatures and Monsters]] and [[A Traveler's Guide to the World of Pokémon]]. I wanted to be slightly creative with those two titles to allow others to &quot;connect&quot; with the wikibooks more easily (because field and travel guides are real). I got a Wikipedia admin to undelete page history for several of the Pokemon location articles already for the wikibook, and have been very happy about preserving them. The points of interest lists in the Pokémon town/city articles already make the articles connect with the wikibook title, so I like how it worked out well like that. It might take me a while to build up the ''[[Fire Emblem Warriors]]'' wikibook (gotta find some time &amp; attention for it, but it's like how you're working on the Zelda Link's Awakening (Switch) guide :).) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 18:49, 7 July 2021 (UTC)
: That's cool! I've never played Fire Emblem Warriors, but I've been meaning to play it eventually (A year or so at the earliest, given my backlog), perhaps with your guide for help! As for the Pokémon Travel Guide, I'm not sure if I've been doing a good job trying to bookify the Wikipedia articles, so let me know if I'm on the right track. I was a bit hesitant to link to other Wikibooks from there, but if you think it's fine then I'll do so. Thank you again for your hard work! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 18:53, 7 July 2021 (UTC)
::No prob, glad to help. Feel free to link to the [[Pokémon]] wikibook for the Pokémon articles. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 20:44, 7 July 2021 (UTC)
::: Ended up with surprise downtime, so I'm nearing the end of my first playthrough of this game. Will work on expanding the strategy guide more soon. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 06:59, 29 December 2021 (UTC)

== I feel bad ==

I know that importing StrategyWiki is ok, but I said that after the Oracle of Seasons &amp; Ages games that I'd stop because it looks like that Procyon and Prod were genuinely upset about the reuse of their guides in that they actually did have a real passion over the past 15 years of being a strategy guide resource. They have a Luigi's Mansion guide, listed at 100%, but I felt that if ever me, you, or someone else develops it, it's from scratch and/or with help from some Wikipedia content, and similar. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:26, 13 July 2021 (UTC)
: I appreciate the work you do, and please don't feel bad for it. Given the license, there was no reason to think there would be that sort of reaction, but it's perhaps best we are gregarious with them to cultivate a relationship which is mutually beneficial. Truth be told, I was planning on working on a Luigi's Mansion guide myself since I still have a copy, and never fully beat it when it was a current game. I have an idea for a less conventional, more educational strategy guide for that subject too. Again, I'm genuinely thankful for the work you do, even a skeleton of a guide is easier to develop then a guide from scratch. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 17:34, 13 July 2021 (UTC)

== Was just thinking ==

Your real world image additions to the [[A Traveler's Guide to the World of Pokémon/Kanto/Pallet Town|Pallet Town]] wikibook help add to the feel of the wikibook being travel guide (albeit obviously fictional.) Good job! [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 01:14, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
: Thank you! I'm hoping that video game strategy guides on Wikibooks can be a bridge to real world knowledge acquisition as well. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 01:15, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
::No prob :) I just feel happy because sometimes art can't be put into words, but it's like you visually described what I was sort of thinking when envisioning the guide [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 01:22, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
::: Thanks! Thinking about it, I've contributed to Wikivoyage a bit, so maybe I subconsciously tried to replicate that sort of vibe. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 01:25, 15 July 2021 (UTC)

== Adminship? ==

I know you're more of an editor-based user, but do you think sysop will help you in your work? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 21:45, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
: I'm not quite sure It's a good idea right now to be honest. I'd like to help out long term, but typically I'm using public computers with sporadic access. Right now I have a loaner computer till late August, but I'm not sure I can reliably contribute in the long term (That's why I've been editing like mad recently, gotta use it while I can). I'll ping you once I get better situated. Thanks though! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 21:50, 15 July 2021 (UTC)

== [[Final Fantasy VII/Walkthrough/Sleeping Forest and the Forgotten Capital]] ==

Thank you for getting that. I was almost worried (for some reason) that people would think it was me since I've been very dedicated to restoring content lately. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:42, 16 July 2021 (UTC)
: It's no problem! It's easy for some old content to slip past the net, so I wouldn't blame you there. I've been trying to update the old strategy guides in regards to [[Wikibooks:Profanity]], and I've caught most of the major swear words I think, though I haven't checked for common variations. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 12:46, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

== Good job ==

Once again, thank you for helping out a lot on the video game guides and even creating subject categories (e.g. [[Subject:Mario]]). I've been slightly busy in real life, so I haven't had much opportunity to help out (and I got a lot transwikied already). I'm hoping to get a couple of more Kirby pages transwikied later. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 13:37, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
: No problem! I'll be pretty busy in about a week or so, so I figured I'd get it knocked out now when I have some downtime. Thank you for your work on the Transwiki process! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 15:19, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::Absolutely. I hope it's ok to say this but I wonder if we can directly DM somehow (on Discord or similar for subjects/hobbies in general). I'm actually a social person by nature, and I think we get along very well. :) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:56, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::: Certainly! I'll recover my old login details for Discord when I get some time. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 20:05, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::::alright then! [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 21:09, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
:::::{{Ping|2005-Fan}} Sorry for the delay, had to dig up the old account info. My handle on dc is &quot;UffDa#9054&quot;. I think it's case sensitive. Thanks! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 10:29, 14 August 2021 (UTC)
::::::Okay I sent a friend request to you on Discord [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:43, 14 August 2021 (UTC)

== Paranormal. ==

I looked at the paranormal pages but want to start new paranormal works such as wendigo, Bigfoot, etc. How would I go about this?? Thank you.
[[Special:Contributions/64.39.87.169|64.39.87.169]] ([[User talk:64.39.87.169|discuss]]) 22:10, 29 August 2021 (UTC)
: [[Cryptids]] are an interesting subject! I think a book on folklore regarding such creatures and other ''verifiable'' material surrounding them would be welcome. As Cryptids are a subset of legendary creatures, which are a subset of mythology, It would most likely be shelved on [[Shelf:Cultural anthropology]]. I made a red link on the beginning of this reply, which would allow you to create such a bookI think. You may also want to consider making an account to attribute your changes to a username, rather then an IP. If you need help, please let me know! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:17, 29 August 2021 (UTC)
::When you get a chance could you check my edits on [[cryptids]]? Thank you. [[Special:Contributions/64.39.87.169|64.39.87.169]] ([[User talk:64.39.87.169|discuss]]) 22:30, 29 August 2021 (UTC)
::: Looks good! Just be sure to flesh it out some more. I went ahead and did some formatting work, but overall looks like the right path to be on. Again, let me know if you need any assistance! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:38, 29 August 2021 (UTC)

== INTRODUCTION TO MODEL RAILWAYS ==

thanks very much for the edits to the book - the model railway picture is much better than my original. I love the link to the printable version too....
: No problem! Glad I could help. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:15, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
==Removal of periods==
I know that you made good illustrations but the captions are not sentences. That is why I removed the periods (.) from [[Learning anatomy/Kidney]] and [[Learning anatomy/Muscle]]. Next time you add illustrations, don't forget to not add periods.--[[User:Gffsgeys|Gffsgeys]] ([[User talk:Gffsgeys|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gffsgeys|contribs]]) 11:35, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
: Thanks for the heads up. If you haven't already, consider making a manual of style for [[Learning anatomy]]. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:04, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

== The noinclude tag ==

Hello Mbrickn, thanks for your edit of [[b:Medical_Machines/Suction_Machines|Suction Machines]] but I don't understand the benefit or value of noinclude there. Please explain or cite a reference. Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:29, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

: Hello {{Ping|PeterEasthope}}! I had forgotten myself so I went ahead and reverted some of my changes. The addition of the noinclude prevents an error when transcluding into a printable version. Just once produces a benign style error. Twice or more though, and it causes an error to be inserted into the text. (Copied below) Noinclude fixes the issue. Sorry, I should have left that in the changelog comment. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 03:29, 21 November 2021 (UTC)
: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;
Warning: Display title &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Suction Machines and Aspirators&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;font-style:italic;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Operation and Maintenance&lt;/span&gt;&quot; overrides earlier display title &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Centrifuges&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;font-style:italic;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Operation and Maintenance&lt;/span&gt;&quot;.
&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== [[Fireboy and Watergirl in the Forest Temple/Printable version]] ==

Hi, I noticed that you have created a printable version for the book! Thank you very much! Just curios to know, is it possible for the title page to have a cover image? Thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 09:18, 26 November 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Gifnk dlm 2020}} No problem! I'm not sure if you mean an image for the live book or the printable version, but in both cases it should be possible! If you have an image uploaded, I can add it for you. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 11:13, 26 November 2021 (UTC)

::I meant for the printable version. Just the image that is on the main page of the book. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 14:26, 26 November 2021 (UTC)
::: Done! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 23:37, 26 November 2021 (UTC)

::::Thank you very much! -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 13:05, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

== Import [[wikipedia:Draft:List of Great Cave Offensive Treasures|Draft:List of Great Cave Offensive Treasures]] ==

Hi, mind importing this for ''[[Kirby Super Star]]'' article (under [[Kirby Super Star/The Great Cave Offensive/Treasure locations]])? Looks like I overlooked this one during my brief admin tenure. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 04:19, 28 November 2021 (UTC)
: Can do! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:21, 28 November 2021 (UTC)
:: Done! Let me know if you need anything else! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:27, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

== Import [[w:Draft:Phunbaba]] to ''[[Final Fantasy VI]]'' ==

Mind importing another for me? :) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:43, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
: Will do! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 23:40, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
:: {{Ping|2005-Fan}} Done! It's live at [[Final Fantasy VI/Bosses/Phunbaba]]. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 23:58, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

== Accidentally thanked a use ==

Hi, I have accidentally thanked a user. Is there something I should do? I understand the log is public. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 20:11, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
: I'm unsure if there is a way to undo thanks on Wikimedia projects. You might try asking at [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance]] for a better answer. In the short term, the button is quite close to the undo button, so I don't think anyone will blame you for clicking it. If you vehmanantly disagree with the content you thanked, you may consider noting it on your user page. For example, I maintain some subpages on my userpage containing errata, and other project adjacent notes. Perhaps such a list with links to the change in particular would be helpful to you should you wish to disavow a thanks (IE: Thanked a vandal instead of undo)? --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 23:52, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

::I thanked a vandal by accident but after the edit was ondone. I edit on a tablet on mobile mode and when I was looking what the user did I accidentally pressed “thank”. I’m not sure if it’s notable enough for being on my usepage though. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved&lt;/span&gt;([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 07:09, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

== Merry Christmas 2021 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border-style:solid; border-color:#01902a; background-color:#ffff00; border-width:3px; text-align:left; padding:2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-style:solid; border-color:red; background-color:#00ffff; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:6px;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[File:Christmas postcard 1907.jpg|thumb|center]]

[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|chat]]) wishes you a Very Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. Hopefully this greeting has made your day a little better. Spread WikiLove by wishing another user Merry Christmas! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year.

Much love! -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Merry&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; Christmas &lt;/span&gt; 🎄([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 12:11, 24 December 2021 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
: Thanks! Merry Christmas to you too! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:40, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

== [[The Story of Rhodesia/Printable version]] ==

Hi, I see that you created a printable version of this book. Thank you very much! However, the book is divided not only to chapters but also to parts. Is it possible to make this show up in the printable version as well? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Merry&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; Christmas &lt;/span&gt; 🎄([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 18:46, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
: Yup, I can do that! I'll take a look soon. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 21:42, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
:: I just took a look. On one hand, I can do that, but on the other it will be slightly harder to maintain. Is that alright with you? --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:44, 31 December 2021 (UTC)

:::What do you mean? Harder to maintain in what meaning? Thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 09:28, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
:::: Currently the book uses [[Template:Printable]] to autogenerate a printable version dynamically based on the table of contents in the main book. This reduces maintenance requirements, because as chapters are added or removed (For example, during a merger), it is able to compensate on the fly without editor intervention. I can make a manual printed book with the headings included, but it will need to be updated when someone finishes the final chapters of the book. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 01:54, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
::::I went ahead and made it as an alternate version, which you can see here [[The Story of Rhodesia/Printable version (Alternate)]]. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 02:10, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

:::::Thank you very much! I think it’s good. Also, last year, I have finished the book about LOLGraphics. How do I make a static pdf version? Do I just go to the printable version, press download as pdf and upload the pdf to commons? Is it possible to make it so that the table of contents will appear in the pdf? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 08:26, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
::::::That should work, however I've never made a PDF printable version for wikibooks before. I would probably just typeset it using Scribus if I wanted to make it fancy. As per the TOC issue, it appears others have encountered this before. There is documentation available on how it has traditionally been done at [[Help:Print versions]]. Hope this helps! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 13:38, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

:I have made a pdf version and uploaded to commons. I think because the book is short it’s ok also without a TOC. One last question: is it eligible to become a featured book? Thanks in advance. P.S. I think you can add your username to authors and contributors in the book that this thread was originally about. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 14:40, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
::Not sure if you're referring to [[The Story of Rhodesia]] or [[Programming in LOLGraphics 3.4]]
::The Story of Rhodesia almost certainly wouldn't be eligible since Part 4 is essentially at 0% completion. (Fails criteria 4 and 6) Historically however this was not an issue, so perhaps it is possible. (See [[Wikibooks:Featured books/Nominations/Addition/Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book]])
::I don't see anything immediately disqualifying Programming in LOLGraphics 3.4 from achieving 3.4 status, aside from one potential snag. (Your photo of a cheeseburger used in your examples is freely licenced or one you took yourself, yes?)
::[[Wikibooks:Good books]] has more information on what counts as a featured book. You can nominate a book to be featured at [[Wikibooks:Featured books/Nominations]]. However I am not sure that it has a great chance of success at this current time, in part due to it's unorthodox style (Not necessarily bad or disqualifying, but it is different from other featured books), and more importantly due to a lack of community input in such matters as of late preventing adequate consensus from being reached. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 15:01, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

:::Thanks for the reply! I meant the book about LOLGraphics. The picture of the cheeseburger is a feels licensed image from Wikipedia commons, and I have given credit in the app. I didn’t know you can nominate your own creation. Also how do books get the attention needed for a consensus to be reached? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 15:08, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
::::So is the use of the picture fine? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 15:41, 2 January 2022 (UTC)
:::::As long as it's attributed correctly according to it's licence that should be fine! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 02:14, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

== Is [[Salute, Jonathan!]] status 100%? ==

Hi, I see that you have created [[Shelf:Hello, Jonathan!]]. That’s a very interesting idea and I like it. I have noticed there’s in this shelf a book that claims to be 100% complete however has many red links. Also the printable version just copied the source code of all the chapters so if someone edits one he will have to do the same edit twice. I think embedding pages will work better like what you created about Rhodesia. Thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 10:56, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

:I created this shelf simply to better keep track of all the variants of ''Salute, Jonathan'' being made to aid readers looking for such books (As I did with many other subjects), as well as to keep books in the parent shelf more organized. 
:A separate author recently marked it as complete, so I would ask them, but it appears their reasoning was that the primary part of the book was complete. (All chapters done), despite a number of auxiliary pages being redlinks. Defining status is often more of an art then a science: Is it enough for the primary text to be complete, or should appendix materials also be complete too? For some books, the literal interpretation of 100% works, for others it can never be &quot;100%&quot; complete under a strict definition. Since the authors are still active, and the ranking is potentially correct (Blatantly wrong status can be changed more freely), I would recommend reaching out to the authors of the book to discuss the status ranking of the book.
:As for the printable version, I'd have to look at that, but it appears to be very large. Unfortunately transclusion can often fail on very large works, though I haven't investigated the technical reason for why. I can give it a shot of course, but the current example may be the best possible solution for the issue. (Despite being very imperfect) [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 08:43, 8 January 2022 (UTC)
::I managed to give a printable version a shot, and it works. You can see it at [[Salute, Jonathan!/Printable version]]. Requested comment from authors to see if this is suitable for reader use at [[Talk:Salute, Jonathan!]]. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 08:48, 8 January 2022 (UTC)

:::OK I see. Thank you very much! It doesn’t appear to me as if this book is one that can never be complete if you use the strict definition, but since it’s obvious the primary part is done maybe it should be status 75%? I understand though that the author might have thought that people will only read books with status 100% so wrote it like that when all the chapters were completed. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 12:30, 8 January 2022 (UTC)

==[[:Minecraft resource gathering]]==
{{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Mbrickn, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Minecraft resource gathering|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] &quot;[[:Minecraft resource gathering|Minecraft resource gathering]]&quot;.'''&lt;br /&gt;You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[Special:Contributions/96.18.219.55|96.18.219.55]] ([[User talk:96.18.219.55|discuss]]) 18:10, 8 January 2022 (UTC)}}

== [[Dag, Jonathan!]] ==

Hi, I have noticed that this book is in Shelf:Constructed Languages, despite being in [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negerhollands Negerhollands] which is not a constructed language. Shouldn’t it be in Shelf:Languages of North America? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 08:48, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

:You're right - It shouldn't be under that shelf. Since it's under that shelf via transclusion, the best thing to do would be to move the Hello, Johnathan parent shelf to an appropriate shelf, then add Dag, Jonathan to the Languages of North America shelf, and every other book in the Hello, Johnathan shelf to the constructed languages shelf. I'll get on this soon. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:36, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

::Thank you very much! Btw, is the appropriate shelf Department:Languages? -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 08:11, 15 January 2022 (UTC)
:::I took care of it. Since it's a work of fiction (Albeit one intended for instructional use and thus suitable for Wikibooks in spirit at least), I ended up putting the shelf under literature, and putting the individual books under the relevant language shelves. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:47, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

::::Also works! Thank you very much! -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;Happy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt; New Year &lt;/span&gt; 🎄❄️⛄️🎇 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 09:22, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

== Apologies about GFDL remarks ==

Hi there,

Sorry I think I caused confusion with my comment at [[Special:Diff/4030554]], which wasn't altogether correct. Looking at [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3-faq.html] GFDL single license content can only be dual-licensed if that content was added before November 1, 2008, unless it came from a public wiki. 

In other words, single-licensed GFDL content, not from a public wiki, could only be added to Wikibooks before November 1, 2008.

Both [[Hindi Lessons]] and [[How Language Works]] appear to have been imported before this cut-off date. So I was wrong to suggest this might not be correct.

Apologies --[[User:Mrjulesd|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange;&quot;&gt;Jules&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;nbsp;[[User talk:Mrjulesd|(Mrjulesd)]] 21:53, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

:You're good! I'm glad that the material can remain in that case. :D [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 21:56, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

== Oi ==

thanks [[User:Juuudfufhbf|Juuudfufhbf]] ([[User talk:Juuudfufhbf|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juuudfufhbf|contribs]]) 02:20, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

== Problem with [[Minecraft resource gathering]] ==

Hi,
The book users warning templates which don’t show up in the pdf version. What to do? Maybe put it as text with am warning icon as an image and a background to simulate the warning template, sort of like the Christmas greeting I left you &amp; other users as well. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:#EBD5B3;&quot;&gt;[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|📜&lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt;GIFNK&lt;/span&gt;📖&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;DLM💻MMXX🏰&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|TALK🎙]] | [[Special:Contributions/Gifnk dlm 2020|CONTRIBS]])&lt;/span&gt; 19:17, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

:That's odd. Are you using an autogenerated PDF or custom? [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 21:36, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

::I went to [[Minecraft resource gathering/Printable version]], and pressed download as pdf under print/export. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:#EBD5B3;&quot;&gt;[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|📜&lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt;GIFNK&lt;/span&gt;📖&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;DLM💻MMXX🏰&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|TALK🎙]] | [[Special:Contributions/Gifnk dlm 2020|CONTRIBS]])&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
:::Hmm. I'll look into it. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 12:34, 9 February 2022 (UTC)

::::Maybe it’s possible to put an image and text like in [[Practice Problems in LOLGraphics/Solution to Problem I]]? I think the warning template is for editors only therefore doesn’t show up in the pdf version. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:#EBD5B3;&quot;&gt;[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|📜&lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt;GIFNK&lt;/span&gt;📖&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;DLM💻MMXX🏰&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|TALK🎙]] | [[Special:Contributions/Gifnk dlm 2020|CONTRIBS]])&lt;/span&gt; 08:59, 12 February 2022 (UTC)
:::::Apparently there used to be a template for printing warnings at [[Template:PrintWarning]], However it was deleted? [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 10:37, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

::::::Sorry I missed your comment. Like I ping users when I reply to them, could you please ping me when you reply to me? We can submit a request for undeletion. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:#EBD5B3;&quot;&gt;[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|📜&lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt;GIFNK&lt;/span&gt;📖&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;DLM💻MMXX🏰&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|TALK🎙]] | [[Special:Contributions/Gifnk dlm 2020|CONTRIBS]])&lt;/span&gt; 19:58, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

== I got another guy for you to import ==

Import the history of [[w:Draft:Dungeon (The Legend of Zelda Series)]] to [[Zelda franchise strategy guide/Dungeons]] [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 14:19, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

:{{Ping|2005-Fan}} Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 14:24, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you! :D [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:19, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

== inactivity ==

I have been inactive because I edit/create several other gaming wikis that have the &quot;Wikibooks&quot; look to them, if that makes sense (but have the style of MarioWiki). I was just too shy to say anything about it (as it might be advertising/rule breaking), but you can find one of them under the &quot;Further reading&quot; section of ''[[Final Fantasy VII]]'' article [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:13, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

:Thanks! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:14, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

::You're welcome, I hope you understand :D [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:15, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
:::Totally! I asked a clarification question about the site on DC. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 16:25, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
::::what's DC? [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:36, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
::::Wait nvm, direct communication on Discord [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:41, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

== need another thing added to [[Zelda franchise strategy guide]] ==

Mind importing [[w:Draft:Rings (The Legend of Zelda series)]] to [[Zelda franchise strategy guide/Items/Rings]]? [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:47, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
:Also requesting [[w:Stone Tower (The Legend of Zelda)]] to be imported to [[The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask/Locations/Stone Tower]] [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:08, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
::And lastly [[w:Sacred Realm]] into [[Zelda franchise strategy guide/Locations/Sacred Realm]] [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:23, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
:::Done! --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 02:03, 16 February 2022 (UTC)

== few articles ==

Mind adding page history of [[w:List of non-Kremling Donkey Kong enemies]] into [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Mario_franchise_strategy_guide/Enemies/List_of_non-Kremling_Donkey_Kong_enemies here] and adding [[w:Donkey Kong's animal buddies]] to [[Mario franchise strategy guide]] as well? Thank you :) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 01:22, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

:Imported the first article. Moved the existing article at this location to [[Mario franchise strategy guide/Enemies/List of non-Kremling Donkey Kong enemies (Old)]], presumably for deletion? (Since the page history is missing) [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 09:16, 29 March 2022 (UTC)
:[[Mario franchise strategy guide/Donkey Kong's animal buddies]] is live. Hope this helps! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 09:19, 29 March 2022 (UTC)
::{{ping|Mbrickn}} Yeah you can delete the [[Mario franchise strategy guide/Enemies/List of non-Kremling Donkey Kong enemies (Old)|old page]], thank you.
::I did also request the page history of [[w:Universe of the Metroid series]], though there isn't a place to add it into yet, so [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 11:59, 29 March 2022 (UTC)
:::I suppose a new book could be created for the overall Metroid series. We do have a [[Shelf:Metroid]], and it's not uncommon for other landmark series to have an overarching book. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 02:27, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
::::I think I didn't make a Metroid book because I never played much Metroid &amp; never played any games in the Prime series, so that's why I never got to it while i was a temp admin [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 03:25, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
:::::Understood! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 09:41, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

== Few more for [[Zelda franchise strategy guide]] ==

Mind importing the page histories for [[w:Koholint Island]], [[w:Lon Lon Ranch]], [[w:Subrosia]], [[w:Gerudo Valley]], [[w:Lost Woods]], [[w:Spectacle Rock]], and [[w:Termina]] for the Zelda franchise strategy guide? Thank you [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:53, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

:Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 19:26, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

== ''Metroid'' ==

Okay, so I decided to try out a [[Metroid franchise strategy guide]], although we never got around to importing [[w:Universe of the Metroid series]] (given how I am not the biggest expert on the ''Metroid'' games). Would you mind importing that for inclusion? There's also [[w:Draft:Creatures in the Metroid series|Draft:Creatures in the Metroid series]], [[w:Draft:Creatures in the Metroid Prime series|Creatures in the Metroid Prime series]], [[w:Draft:Creatures in Metroid Fusion and Metroid: Zero Mission|Creatures in Metroid Fusion and Metroid: Zero Mission]], [[w:Draft:Creatures in Metroid, Metroid II, and Super Metroid|Creatures in Metroid, Metroid II, and Super Metroid]], and [[w:Items in the Metroid series|Items in the Metroid series]] to import. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 02:31, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

:Can do! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:10, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
:Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 05:11, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you so much! [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 10:18, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

== Shelf:Meitei ==

Hi, Mbrickn, [[User:Haoreima]] has created 2 new books [[Modern Meitei]] and [[Ancient Meitei]]. I think there should be a shelf dedicated to Meitei since based on the book, the user also plans to make one on Classical Meitei. -&lt;span style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;&gt;[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Слава🇺🇦Україні&lt;/span&gt;🇺🇦&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦&lt;/span&gt;]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦&lt;/span&gt; 18:21, 30 May 2022 (UTC)

:Can do [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:29, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
:Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:36, 30 May 2022 (UTC)

::Thank you very much! -&lt;span style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;&gt;[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Слава🇺🇦Україні&lt;/span&gt;🇺🇦&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦&lt;/span&gt;]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦&lt;/span&gt; 10:36, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

== Import request ==

Want to import [[w:Draft:Trainer Card (Pokémon)]] to one of the [[:Category:Shelf:Pokémon|Pokémon guides]]? Thank you. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 00:21, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

:Can do! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 03:38, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
:Done! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 03:53, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you! :) [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:08, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

== Stardew Valley progress ==

I noticed that there hasn't been progress on the Stardew Valley book in a while. I was thinking about starting work on it, but since you seem to to be the main contributor, it seemed like a good idea to let you know before starting. It's one of my favorite games and I've collected extensive notes, and I've written guides for other games, though none published here. [[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 09:22, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

:Hello! By all means, please go ahead! :D I love Stardew Valley, but my real life schedule got a lot busier since I started that book, so I'd not gotten a chance to work on it as much as I'd like. Thanks for asking! [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 17:19, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

== {&lt;nowiki/&gt;{BOOKNAME}} ==

So what is the advantage of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{{{BOOKNAME}}/crafting}} over {{minecraft/crafting}}?&lt;/nowiki&gt; Thanks. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 07:57, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

:It basically lets you use a relative link instead of a hard-coded one - giving an advantage only should the namespace of the book ever change. To be honest, I mostly do it out of habit because it typically saves some space and makes the wikitext more readable in the source editor, but here it actually uses some extra space so that advantage is reversed. If you think it would be easier for the contributors of the book to have the original style, I'd be happy to change it back - Contributors and their happiness are more important then hypothetical benefits. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 08:28, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
::It is slightly more work for me to type, but if a book of 600+ pages gets renamed, wow, my work would be set out for me. Sure, if you want to use it on the other pages, I won't mind. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 09:06, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:::I should emphasize that I really don't think that's too likely in this specific case. I've only encountered it a few times, and there are other ways of doing automated renames. So please don't worry about it too much. :) [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 09:26, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

== Book idea: Recording and Publishing a Let's Play ==

First, yes, Stardew Valley is still in progress, and there's more that I wanted to add. But I was thinking it would also be nice to do &quot;How To&quot; on publishing a Let's Play video. I was planning to do a Let's Play for Stardew valley, and thought it might be useful to document my process here. You seem to be interested in video games in general, so I wanted to hear your thoughts on the idea. [[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 15:09, 28 July 2022 (UTC)

PS. I know there's already a book on [[Video Production]], but that seems to focus on actual video, not recording games. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 15:17, 28 July 2022 (UTC)
:Sounds like a good idea. I'm for it! :)
:It's been over a decade since I last did a let's play, but I'd be happy to help when I can. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 19:00, 28 July 2022 (UTC)
::I'm no expert, and I could definitely use help from people who use different software/devices; there is no one-size-fits-all for it in my limited experience. --[[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 14:39, 29 July 2022 (UTC)
:::Certainly. I'll see if I can find the ol' tv tuner and mess around with it again. :) [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 18:15, 29 July 2022 (UTC)
::::I created [[Gaming Video: A How To Guide]] as a start. I'm not totally happy with the name, but it'll do until someone things of a better one. I've only used OBS, but I suppose a 'tv tuner' is a recording device? There are so many possible setups, and I can only speak to the one I have experience with. [[User:RDBury|RDBury]] ([[User talk:RDBury|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RDBury|contribs]]) 19:10, 31 July 2022 (UTC)
:::::That's fine! I've used OBS before, but I'm hardly familiar with it.
:::::A TV Tuner is a piece of hardware that allows your computer to receive video input, which can then be streamed into a video player application and or have your footage streamed to a storage disk. While they were really intended for recording TV shows or digitizing home VHS tapes, you could also use them to capture footage from most home game consoles via RF or composite video signal. (Though depending on the setup, latency could be problematic sometimes) Think of it as an older version of an HDMI capture card haha. [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 03:21, 1 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3q9slvvnoarq1kg1fin0ct8g0gwupf1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Lesson 5</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>418243</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088360</id>
      <parentid>4087922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:33:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12615" xml:space="preserve">=Lesson 4: How old are you?=

: In this lesson, you will learn how to count and deal with numbers.  You will also learn to conjugate verbs in the perfect aspect.
== Dialog ==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dialog 4 between Bob and Mary: How old are you?
|-
! PERSON !! MIRAD !! ENGLISH
|-
| M ||'''Et se &lt;u&gt;hojaga&lt;/u&gt;?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you?''
|-
| B ||'''At se &lt;u&gt;ulo jabi jaga&lt;/u&gt;.''' || ''I&amp;apos;m &lt;u&gt;forty years old&lt;/u&gt;.''
|-
| M ||'''Hwiy!  Et se elo jab &lt;u&gt;gajaga vyel at&lt;/u&gt;.''' || ''Wow!  You are twenty years &lt;u&gt;older than I&lt;/u&gt;.'''
|-
| B ||'''At te, oy &lt;u&gt;et gay agso&lt;/u&gt; ig.''' || ''I know, but &lt;u&gt;you too will grow&lt;/u&gt; quickly.''
|-
| M ||'''Hus se vyaa. Et tambesaye hia dom &lt;u&gt;ji hogla jabi&lt;/u&gt;?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;For how many years&lt;/u&gt; have you been living (= you have lived) in this city?''
|-
| B ||'''At voy te vyavay, oy &lt;u&gt;at saye&lt;/u&gt; him ji gla jabi.''' || ''I don't know exactly, but &lt;u&gt;I've been&lt;/u&gt; here for many years.''
|-
| M ||'''Et ayse &lt;u&gt;hogla&lt;/u&gt; tudi?''' || ''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; children do you have?''
|-
| B ||'''At ayse &lt;u&gt;iwa twudi&lt;/u&gt; ay awa tuyd. Yit &lt;u&gt;se eb iwa ay yowa jabi jaga&lt;/u&gt;.'''|| ''I have three sons and one daughter.  They are &lt;u&gt;between three and five years old&lt;/u&gt;.''
|-
| M ||'''Avhus, et &lt;u&gt;sayo&lt;/u&gt; tadxwa gwoy ji yawa jabi, vao?''' || ''So, you &lt;u&gt;will have been&lt;/u&gt; married for at least six years, right?''
|-
| B ||'''Vay yewa.  Yata aa tud taja ewa jabi jo ha tadien''' || ''Actually seven.  Our first child was born two years after the marriage.''
|-
| M. ||'''Hyay.  At oztase. Sa fia daler bay et. Hoy.''' || ''Great.  I have gotten tired.  It was good talking with you.  Bye.''
|}

== Grammar Notes ==
=== Perfect Aspect Verbs ===
: In the past lessons, you learned the simple and progressive aspect tenses of the verb. Here you will learn the '''''perfect aspect''''', which act just as the perfect tenses in English (''I have studied, I had studied, I will have studied, and I would have studied'').  The sign of the perfect aspect is the infix '''ay''' (as opposed to '''ey''', the infix for the progressive aspect tenses).  
: Here is a chart showing the new set of tenses (active voice only):
: 
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Perfect Aspect Tenses
|-
! ASPECT !! VOICE !! MOOD !! TENSE !! INFINITIVE = '''ser'''...''to be''&lt;br&gt;STEM+INFIX = s+&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;-
|-
| PERFECT||ACTIVE || INDICATIVE || PRESENT || '''at s&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;e'''....''I have been''
|-
| PERFECT||ACTIVE || INDICATIVE ||  PAST || '''at s&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;a'''....''I had been''
|-
| PERFECT||ACTIVE || INDICATIVE || FUTURE || '''at s&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;o'''....''I will have been''
|-
| PERFECT||ACTIVE || HYPOTHETICAL || (CONDITIONAL) || '''at s&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;u'''....''I would have been''
|}
: Examples:
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;tambesaye&lt;/u&gt; him ji glaj.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;have lived&lt;/u&gt; here for a long time.''
::* '''Et &lt;u&gt;saye&lt;/u&gt; fua.'''....''You &lt;u&gt;have been&lt;/u&gt; bad.''
::* '''At &lt;u&gt;voy tayu&lt;/u&gt; hus.'''....''I would not have known that.''
::* '''At jay &lt;u&gt;tajayu&lt;/u&gt; haj hu et pyua ela jabi jaga.'''....''I &lt;u&gt;had been born&lt;/u&gt; already when you reached twenty-one years of age.''
::* '''Be ata tajjub, at &lt;u&gt;tejayo&lt;/u&gt; ilyo jabi.'''....''On my birthday, I &lt;u&gt;will have lived&lt;/u&gt; thirty-five years.''

=== Counting and Telling One's Age ===
: A full explanation of numbers and counting can be found in [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Numeric Determiners|the chapter on Numbers]].  The units, when counting, end in '''-wa'''.  The teens end in '''-lo''', '''-la''', '''-le''', '''-li''', etc.  The hundreds in '''so''', '''-sa''', '''-se''', etc.
: The question for asking someone's age is usually '''Et se hojaga?'''....''How old are you?''
: The answer is usually phrased as '''At se x-number (jabi) (jaga).'''....''I am x-number (years) (old)'' where either word in the parentheses can be omitted.  The Mirad word '''jabi''' means ''years'' and '''jaga''' means ''old'' or ''of age''.  So, to say ''I am forty-two years old'', you would say '''At se ule jabi jaga''' or just '''At se ule.''', or '''At se ule jaga.'''
: The word '''jaga''' can just be the adjective ''old'', the opposite being '''joga'''....''young''.  '''Jag''' as a noun means ''age''.  An old person is '''jagat''', while a youth is '''jogat'''.
: The &quot;dimension&quot; '''jag''' (''age'') can be prefixed with all the '''h-''' deictic prefixes and all the quantitative prefixes like '''ga''', '''go''', or '''gla'''.  For example:
::* '''hojaga?'''....''how old?''
::* '''hijaga'''....''this old''
::* '''hujaga'''....''that old''
::* '''hejaga'''....''somewhat old''
::* '''gajaga (vyel)'''....''older (than)''
::* '''gejaga (vyel)'''....''as old (as)''
::* '''gojaga (vyel)'''....''less old (than)''
::* '''gwajaga'''....''eldest''
::* '''grajaga'''....''too old''
::* '''grojaga'''....''minor''
::* '''glajaga'''....''very old''
: All of the above terms and others can be pronominalized animately or inanimately:
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Grojagati&lt;/u&gt; voy upo.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Minors&lt;/u&gt; will not come.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hujagasi&lt;/u&gt; se vua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Things that old&lt;/u&gt; are ugly.''
: The word '''joga''', when referring to things can be translated as ''new'':
::* '''At ayse &lt;u&gt;jogas&lt;/u&gt; av et.'''....''I have &lt;u&gt;something new&lt;/u&gt; for you.''
: When '''joga''' applies to people, it means ''young'':
::* '''Hijuba &lt;u&gt;jogati&lt;/u&gt; te glos.'''....''The &lt;u&gt;youth&lt;/u&gt; of today know little.''

=== Adding Gender to Nouns ===
: Nouns do not have inherent gender in Mirad.  For example, '''tad''' simply means ''spouse'' (''husband'' or ''wife'').
: To make a gender-neutral noun masculine or male, insert a '''w''' just before the stem vowel.
::* '''tad'''....''spouse'' becomes '''twad'''....''husband''
: Similarly, to make a gender-neutral noun feminine or female, insert a '''y''' just after the stem vowel or vowel cluster:
::* '''tad'''....''spouse'' becomes '''tayd'''....''wife'' ('''tayd''' is pronounced exactly like Am. Eng. ''tide'')
: Other examples:
::* '''tud'''....''child''
:::* '''twud'''....''son''
:::* '''tuyd'''....''daughter''
::* '''tob'''....''person, human being''
:::* '''twob'''....''man''
:::* '''toyb'''....''woman''
: Singular personal pronouns can be genderized similarly:
::* '''it'''....''he or she, him or her''
:::* '''wit'''....''he or him''
:::* '''iyt'''....''she or her''
::* '''at'''....''I or me (gender unspoken)''
:::* '''wat'''....''I or me, being a male''
:::* '''ayt'''....''I or me, being a female''
::* '''et'''....''you''
:::* '''wet'''....''you, being a male''
:::* '''eyt'''....''you, being a female''
: The plural personal pronouns '''yat''', '''yet''', and '''yit''' stay gender-neutral.
: Deictic pronouns can be genderized unless the deictic prefix begins in '''hy-''':
::* '''hut'''....''that person, he or she, him or her''
::* '''hwut*'''....''that guy, he or him''
::* '''huyti'''....''those gals, they (being females)''
: * The '''hw''' is pronounced as Am. Eng. ''wh'' in ''where''.

=== Quantitative Deictic Determiners ===
: Determiners specifying quantity and answering the question '''hogla''' (''how much'') are show in the following chart:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Quantitative Deictic Determiners
|- valign=top
! !! ADVERBIAL / ADJECTIVAL&lt;br&gt;DETERMINER !! INANIMATE SINGULAR&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! INANIMATE PLURAL &lt;br&gt;PRONOUN !! ANIMATE PLURAL&lt;br&gt;PRONOUN
|-
| INTERROGATIVE || '''hogla?'''....''how?/how much?/how many?'' || '''hoglas?'''....''how much?'' || '''hoglasi?'''....''how many'' || '''hoglati?'''....''how many (people)?''
|-
| DEFINITE || '''hagla'''....''how/as much/as many'' || '''haglas'''....''as much'' || '''haglasi'''....''as many'' || '''haglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| INDEFINITE || '''hegla'''....''somewhat/some/some'' || '''heglas'''....''some'' || '''heglasi'''....''some'' || '''heglati'''....''some (people)''
|-
| PROXIMAL || '''higla'''....''this/this much/this many'' || '''higlas'''....''this much'' || '''higlasi'''....''this many'' || '''higlati'''....''this many (people)''
|-
| DISTAL || '''hugla'''....''that/that much/that many'' || '''huglas'''....''that much'' || '''huglasi'''....''that many''&lt;br&gt;'''huyglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huglati'''....''that many (people)''
|-
| EMPHATIC || '''huugla'''....''so very, so much, so many'' || '''huuglas'''....''so much'' || '''huuglasi'''....''so many'' || '''huuglati'''....''so many (people)''
|-
| NEGATIVE || '''hyogla'''....''not at all/no/no'' || '''hyoglas'''....''none of it'' || '''hyoglasi'''....''none of them'' || '''hyoglati'''....''none''
|-
| DISTRIBUTIVE || '''hyagla'''....''totally/all/all'' || '''hyaglas'''....''all of it'' || '''hyaglasi'''....''all of them'' || '''hyaglati'''....''all''
|-
| INDETERMINATE || '''hyegla'''....''however/any/any'' || '''hyeglas'''....''any of it'' || '''hyeglasi'''....''any of them''  || '''hyeglati'''....''any number of them''
|-
| IDENTICAL || '''hyigla'''....''as/as much/as many, equally'' || '''hyiglas'''....''the same amount'' || '''hyiglasi'''....''the same number''  || '''hyiglati'''....''as many (people)''
|-
| NON-IDENTICAL || '''hyugla'''....''not as much/not as much/not as many'' || '''hyuglas'''....''a different amount'' || '''hyuglasi'''....''a different number of things'' || '''hyuglati'''....''a different number of people''
|}

: Examples:
::* '''At se &lt;u&gt;huugla&lt;/u&gt; iva van et upa.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;so&lt;/u&gt; happy that you came.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hyagla&lt;/u&gt; ata tixuti se fia.  &lt;u&gt;Hyoglati&lt;/u&gt; se fua.'''....''&lt;u&gt;All of&lt;/u&gt; my students are good.  &lt;u&gt;None of them&lt;/u&gt; are bad.''
::* '''Yat ayse &lt;u&gt;higla&lt;/u&gt; drari.'''....''We have &lt;u&gt;this many&lt;/u&gt; pencils.''
::* '''At ta &lt;u&gt;hyigla&lt;/u&gt; dudi vyel et.'''....''I knew &lt;u&gt;as many&lt;/u&gt; answers as you.''
::* '''&lt;u&gt;Hoglati&lt;/u&gt; te eta tajjub?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many people&lt;/u&gt; know your birthday?''

=== Quiz ===
: Fill in the following blanks with the Mirad equivalent of the underlined English:
::# '''Yat ___________ him av ser bay yeta tudi.'''....''We &lt;u&gt;have come&lt;/u&gt; here to be with your children.''
::# '''Et ____________ hogla tixuti be hia tistam?'''....''How many students &lt;u&gt;have&lt;/u&gt; you &lt;u&gt;taught&lt;/u&gt; at this school?''
::# '''Duven et ____________ eta tamyex?'''....''&lt;u&gt;Have&lt;/u&gt; you &lt;u&gt;done&lt;/u&gt; your homework?''
::# '''Ha gwajaga tixut be ata tistam se ____________.'''....''The oldest student at my school is &lt;u&gt;nineteen years old&lt;/u&gt;.''
::# '''Eta tuxut tuxaye be hia tistam _______________?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many years&lt;/u&gt; has your teacher taught at this school?''
::# '''___________ bi yet te ata dyun?'''....''&lt;u&gt;How many&lt;/u&gt; of you know my name?''
::# '''Gla jagati __________ jabi ja van et taja.'''....''Many old people &lt;u&gt;had lived&lt;/u&gt; years before you were born.''
::# '''Iva tajjub! Et se ____________ hij?'''....''Happy Birthday!  &lt;u&gt;How old&lt;/u&gt; are you now?''
::# '''Eta tuyd ______________.  Se _____________ uva jub.'''....''Your daughter &lt;u&gt;has died&lt;/u&gt;.  It is &lt;u&gt;such a&lt;/u&gt; sad day.''

== Vocabulary ==
: Nouns:
::* '''jag'''....''age''
::* '''taj'''....''birth'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''tej'''....''life'', '''toj'''....''death'')
:::* '''tajjub'''....''birthday''
::* '''tadien'''....''marriage''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( &lt; '''tad'''....''spouse'', '''twad'''....''husband'', '''tayd'''....''wife'')
::* '''tud'''....''child'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''twud'''....''son'', '''tuyd'''....''daughter'')
: Adjectives:
::* '''iva'''....''happy'' (vs. '''uva'''....''sad''
: Verbs:
::* '''ter'''....''know (a fact)''
::* '''tajer'''....''be born'' ('''tejer'''....''live'', '''tojer'''....''die'')
: Determiners/Adverbs:
::* '''hogla?'''....''how (many/much)''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( '''ho-'''....''what'' + '''gla'''....''much, many, very'' )
::* '''hojaga?'''....''how old''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''ho-'''....''what'' + '''jag'''....''age''
::* '''jay'''....''already''
::* '''gay'''....''also''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''gey'''....''even'')
::* '''glaj'''....''a long time''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(vs. '''gloj'''....''a short while'')
::* '''gaj'''....''more, further, still''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(vs. '''goj'''....''no longer'')
::* '''gway'''....''mostly''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(vs. '''gwoy'''....''at least'')
: Prepositions:
::* '''ji'''....''since'' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( '''ju'''....''until'')
::* '''ja'''....''before''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;( '''je'''....''during'', '''jo'''....''after'')
: Pronouns:
::* '''jagat'''....''old person''
::* '''jogat'''....''youth''
::* '''jogas'''....''something new''
: Interjections:
::* '''hwiy...'''....''wow!''   &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;('''hwuy...'''....''woe!, yikes!'' )

 &lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Lesson 4|Mirad-English Dictionary |TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7oc4a900rkyzvxd4cnqzchlhtkbdkt8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Public International Law/Law of Armed Conflict</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>434706</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088460</id>
      <parentid>4069294</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T07:27:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IUllah</username>
        <id>3358489</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 2. Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="67008" xml:space="preserve">&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-Top}}
&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!--Please do not delete the part above this comment--&gt;  

{{Template:OpenRewi/WIP}}&lt;!--You can delete this template as soon as your text is (provisionally) finished--&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Author:&lt;!--Anne Dienelt and Imdad Ullah --&gt;&lt;/big&gt;   
&lt;blockquote&gt;Required knowledge: Link&lt;!--Please insert links to other parts of the book or other books that are needed as prior knowledge--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;Learning objectives: Understanding XY.&lt;!--Please enter the learning objective for your chapter--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;

This is where the text begins.&lt;ref&gt;The first footnote. Please adhere to [https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/oscola_4th_edn_hart_2012.pdf OSCOLA] when formating citations. Whenever possible, provide a link with the citation, ideally to an open-access source.&lt;/ref&gt; This template follows [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Styleguide|our style guide]]. Please take into account our [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Didactics|guidelines for didactics]]. If you're wondering how to create text in Wikibooks, feel free to check out our  guide on [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Writing|how to write]] in Wikibooks. 

{{OpenRewi/Advanced|Reference=Example|Content=This is your advanced content. You can create this text box using our template &quot;Advanced&quot;. How to do this is described [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Writing|here]].}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Example|Content=This is your example.|Reference=to example topic}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Test|Link=https://openrewi.org/en/projects/project-public-international-law/history-theory-methods/#PIL-test}}

Just replace the content above and below with your content.

==A. General Introduction to the Law of Armed Conflict ==

==== I. Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols ====
As a historical fact, there has not been a phenomenon as consistent as violence. The sheer prevalence of violence meanwhile also gave way to serious efforts to regulate it, in such ways, that those not ''directly'' taking part in it, could be protected from its horrible consequences. Earlier human attempts underline that rules and regulations to limit the damages to human sufferings and means of their sustenance were present as early as 3000 BC. Perhaps, during those times the content of these rules was not purely humanitarian, yet their effect was ''certainly'' humanitarian. For instance, one rule of the African traditional law prohibited the poisoning of wells. Given the fact of the legal understanding of the contemporary communities, wherein tribalism triumphed over the promotion of common humanitarian values and norms---one might question the humanitarian nature of such a law. One cannot, however, ignore the humanitarian effects of such laws helping to ebb human suffering by making violence less miserable.&lt;ref&gt;Marco Sassòli, Antoine Bouvier and Anne Quintin, ''How Does Law Protect in War? Cases, Documents and Teaching Materials on Contemporary Practice in International Humanitarian Law'', Vol. I, 3rd ed. (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2011), p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt; And thus, the law striving to make the wars less inhumane is called law of armed conflict, or alternatively, International Humanitarian Law and ''Jus in Bello''. 

Hence as an accumulation effect of the centuries' old laws, customs, norms, and traditions in making warfare humane, the modern law of armed conflict took birth against the backdrop of the utterly terrible violence during the battle of Solferino in 1859.&lt;ref&gt;Fought between the French troops, allied to the Sardinians and the Austrians troops on June 24, 1859, the battle of Solferino is among the deadliest wars in Europe. It left 6,000 dead and 40,000 wounded on the very first day of the armed encounter. In fact, the sufferings of unattended wounded gave way to the formation of the Red Cross. For details, see &quot;The battle of Solferino,&quot; available at https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/misc/57jnvr.htm  &lt;/ref&gt; The plight of wounded soldiers left to die on the battlefield, later on, compelled the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to devise laws to protect the wounded in wars. As a result of these efforts, the first diplomatic conference in Geneva in 1864 adopted the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field.&lt;ref&gt;Marco Sassòli, Antoine Bouvier and Anne Quintin, ''How Does Law Protect in War? Cases, Documents and Teaching Materials on Contemporary Practice in International Humanitarian Law'', Vol. I, 3rd ed. (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2011), p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt; To discuss and promulgate this Convention, 16 states from across Europe and Latin America participated in the first Geneva Conference agreeing to the principles directed at the care for the wounded at the battlefield without any distinction of the nationality. The Convention came into effect in 1865.&lt;ref&gt;For further details of this Convention and its different articles, see &quot;Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864,&quot; available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/INTRO/120&lt;/ref&gt; In addition to the Geneva Conventions before the First World War, the role of the Hague Peace Conferences is also important in laying down rules and regulations aiming to give warfare a relatively more humane character. Specifically, the Second Peace Conference which was held in 1907, laid down detailed rules and regulations related to the conduct of Naval warfare. These rules were, subsequently, also enshrined in numerous Geneva Conventions.&lt;ref&gt;Frits Kalshoven and Liesbeth Zegveld, ''Constraints on the Waging of War: An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law'' (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2001), pp. 22-24. For non-Western contributions, see Ahmed Al-Dawoody, &quot;Islamic law and international humanitarian law: An introduction to the main principles,&quot; ''International Review of the Red Cross,'' Vol. 99, No. 3 (2017), pp. 995-1018; and Mohamed Badar, &quot;Ius in Bello under Islamic International Law,&quot; ''International Criminal Law Review'', Vol. 13, No 3 (2013), pp. 593-625.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- An advanced text box on why the first convention failed to prevent violence in WWI would certainly be helpful. For the print version, we can also take that out if the word limit is exceeded.

Also, reference to non-Western contributions to IHL would be awesome (e.g., Zoli, C. (2015). Islamic Contributions to International Humanitarian Law: Recalibrating TWAIL Approaches for Existing Contributions and Legacies. AJIL Unbound, 109, 271-27)  --&gt;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

The horrific violence directed against both the civilians and soldiers during the First World War gave way to urgency in formulating universally applicable rules and regulations to curtail the horrendous character of modern warfare. To translate this vision into action, ICRC and the Swiss Government convened the diplomatic conference to devise binding rules to care for the sick and wounded. It also formulated detailed rules to address the issue of prisoners of war. Subsequently, once more and after the Second World War in 1949, a diplomatic conference under the auspices of ICRC and the Swiss Government was held in Geneva aiming to expand the scope of earlier conventions and to enshrine rules aiming at the protection of civilian populations both in times of war and under foreign occupation. Most importantly though the said conference agreed to incorporate a common article in all the conventions narrating the applicability of these rules in international as well as non-international armed conflicts.&lt;ref&gt;Frits Kalshoven and Liesbeth Zegveld, ''Constraints on the Waging of War: An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law'' (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2001), pp. 27-29.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- Especially for students working doctrinally, it would be very helpful to have a short list of the most important treaties concerning IHR.  --&gt;

==== 3. Weapons Law ====
Rules to end unnecessary sufferings and superfluous injuries in warfare are treated under weapons law. Early instruments like the 1868 St. Petersburg Declaration and the Hague Declarations and Regulations prohibited certain weapons causing suffering among the targeted persons. More specifically, the St. Petersburg Declaration banned exploding bullets which could cause unnecessary injuries.&lt;ref&gt;Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight. Saint Petersburg, 29 November / 11 December 1868, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/full/declaration1868&lt;/ref&gt; This rule was later on also enshrined and protected by the 1899/1907 Hague Declarations and Regulations. Whereof under this rule, the use of projectiles, explosives from balloons, and asphyxiating gases were prohibited. Today, the law of armed conflict contains basic rules on the choice of weapons as means of warfare and is complemented by weapons law in form of treaties on specific weapons, such as the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention, or the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. &lt;!-- You could also link to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (although they regulate different fields of IL they also apply to the threat or use of nuclear weapons). In this context, the ICJ AO on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons is also worth noting.  --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;ICRC, &quot;Weapons&quot;, article from 30 November 2011 available at https://www.icrc.org/en/document/weapons &lt;/ref&gt;

==== 4. Customary Law ====
History of warfare bears testimony to the fact that even in the absence of any specific treaty law, parties in a conflict did make efforts to spare the lives of civilians from the conduct of hostilities, treat prisoners humanely, and exchange prisoners of war once the hostilities have ended. As an effect of the consistent practice as well as juridical value on the part of warring parties in warfare, these norms gradually emerged as customary rules of international law.&lt;ref&gt;Frits Kalshoven and Liesbeth Zegveld, ''Constraints on the Waging of War: An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law'' (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2001), p. 15. &lt;/ref&gt; Later on, these customs though became part of the various treaty laws in one form or the other, yet they continue maintaining their ''distinctive'' status as customary international humanitarian law. In this context, one might raise questions that given the fact that customary rules find expressions in treaty laws, then why do they need to continue having separate existence inside the customary laws? The answer lies in the fact that there can be a state non-party to treaty law and may claim exemptions from the humanitarian laws while engaging in warfare. In such a situation, such a state would find it hard to claim any exemption because of the customary rules applying to all states. However, the establishment of a certain norm as a custom entails serious deliberations and procedural requirements.&lt;ref&gt;For further details, see Grigory I. Tunkin, “Remarks on the Juridical Nature of Customary Norms of International Law”, ''California Law Review,'' Vol. 49, No. 3 (1961), pp. 424–425; Anthea E. Roberts, “Traditional and Modern Approaches to Customary International Law: A Reconciliation”, ''American Journal of International Law,'' Vol. 95, No. 4 (2001), pp. 757–758; and Roozbeh B. Baker, “Customary International Law in the 21st Century: Old Challenges and New Debates”, ''European Journal of International Law'', Vol. 21, No. 1 (2010), pp. 173–204. &lt;/ref&gt; A norm might ''instantly'' attain the status of custom whereas yet another one might not even despite the centuries-old practice.&lt;!-- In order to save words and avoid repetitive sentences in our textbook, you could insert a link to the CIL chapter of this textbook and summarize your (intriguing!) point in 2-3 sentences  --&gt; In 2005, the ICRC published a study on customary international humanitarian law, which is updated ever since on a regular basis and includes references to state practice and opinio juris. &lt;ref&gt;ICRC, Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/home?opendocument &lt;/ref&gt;

===II. Principles of the Law of Armed Conflict===

The principles of the law of armed conflict can be found in treaty and customary law; most of them apply to international and non-international armed conflicts.&lt;!-- As most students reading our textbook will not be familiar with the concept of IAC and NIAC it would be helpful to briefly define these concepts and their relevance in an advanced text box --&gt; They apply in addition to the rules on the means and methods of warfare and regulate the conduct of hostilities in order to &quot;humanize&quot; warfare while at the same time allowing for military operations in a war theatre.

==== 1. Humanity ====
Through the use of deadly weapons of warfare, inherently, wars involve a horrible display of human conduct. The laws in war, on the contrary, strive to give war a humane character by prohibiting certain cruel and inhuman treatments. By laying emphasis upon the humane treatment of prisoners of war,&lt;ref&gt;Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code). 24 April 1863, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=0E91FD21E67035CCC12563CD00514E42&lt;/ref&gt; the scope of the relevant laws later on expanded to include wounded, sick, shipwrecked as well as those not directly participating in war. For example, Article 3 which is common to all Geneva Conventions prohibits the inhumane treatment of all those persons who are not, as well as no more taking part in warfare.&lt;ref&gt;Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/WebART/365-570006?OpenDocument&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently, the principle of humanity was further elaborated in Additional Protocol I through Article 75(1): whereof the said Article provides that it is incumbent upon all parties in a conflict that humans &lt;blockquote&gt;under this Protocol shall be treated humanely in all circumstances and shall enjoy, as a minimum, the protection provided by this Article without any adverse distinction based upon race, colour, sex, language, religion or belief, political or other opinion, national or social origin, wealth, birth or other status, or on any other similar criteria. Each Party shall respect the person, honour, convictions and religious practices of all such persons.&lt;ref&gt;Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750096?OpenDocument&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This principle was further protected and stressed upon inside Additional Protocol II: Article 4 emphases that no circumstance in warfare can deprive a human of its right to be treated as human.&lt;ref&gt;Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/475-760008?OpenDocument&lt;/ref&gt; Besides the fact of being enshrined and underlined in various treaty laws, the principle of humanity has also become an important norm of customary international law.&lt;ref&gt;For a detailed treatment of this principle as a customary norm, see Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck, ''Customary International Humanitarian Law'', Vol. I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 306-343.&lt;/ref&gt; It means that be a state or non-state violent actor, these rules equally apply to them to uphold the principle of humanity when engaging in violence.

==== 2. Distinction ====
When and where violence distinguishes the state of war from the state of peace, distinction implies who and what can be targeted or not while perpetrating violence. Given its widespread practice and centrality within the legal discourse on the law in war, distinction has emerged as a primary principle of general as well as customary international law both in the international as well as non-international armed conflicts. While civilians and civilian objects are never a law target in the conduct of hostilities, military objectives and combatants can lawfully be attacked in accordance with the other rules and principles of International Humanitarian Law. Nevertheless, under certain conditions, there can be lawful collateral damage to civilians and civilian objects. Underlining the centrality of this principle, the International Court of Justice referred to distinction as the 'cardinal' principle of International Humanitarian Law.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons,&quot; ICJ Advisory Opinion,1996, para. 226, p. 78.&lt;/ref&gt; For a meaningful understanding and interpretation of this principle, however, it is important to read it in relation to other rules ensuring the safety of civilians, until and unless they ''directly'' participate in hostilities and prohibiting attacks against those persons categorized as ''hors de combat.''&lt;ref&gt;Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck, ''Customary International Humanitarian Law,'' Vol. I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 3. &lt;/ref&gt; Historically almost every code of violent conduct, as well as legal tradition stressed, albeit in varying degrees, sparing those humans and objects not engaging in violence and also not becoming accessories to it.&lt;ref&gt;Need to look out----&lt;/ref&gt; Within the secular tradition, however, the principle of distinction was set down for the first time in the St. Petersburg Declaration of 1868. Whereof, the Declaration states &quot;the only legitimate object which States should endeavor to accomplish during war is to weaken the military forces of the enemy&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight. Saint Petersburg, 29 November / 11 December 1868, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=568842C2B90F4A29C12563CD0051547C&lt;/ref&gt; Likewise the 1899/1907 Hague Regulations though did not, specifically, use the word 'civilians' yet they sought to outlaw &quot;the attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of towns, villages, dwellings, or buildings which are undefended&quot; in its Article 25.&lt;ref&gt;Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=D1C251B17210CE8DC12563CD0051678F&lt;/ref&gt; Which might be interpreted as an attempt to protect the civilians in wars and draw a distinction between those armed to take part in the fighting and those having no relation to fighting as well as avoid becoming accessory to it.&lt;!-- You could think of formatting the history part of this chapter as an advanced text box to make this paragraph a bit more readable  --&gt;

Speaking of the modern treaty law relating to the law in war, Article 48 of the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 provides that     &lt;blockquote&gt;(I)n order to ensure respect for and protection of the civilian population and civilian objects, the Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives and accordingly shall direct their operations only against military objectives.&lt;ref&gt;Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750061?OpenDocument&lt;/ref&gt;     &lt;/blockquote&gt;With their emphasis in varying degree, thus, all of the above mentioned legal rules note the importance of taking utmost care in any military operation to ensure that no civilian or civilian object falls victim to the violence which characteristically meant to be directed against combatants or military objectives.    

===== a) Combatants and Military Objects =====
Article 57 (2)(b) of the Additional Protocol I states that &lt;blockquote&gt;an attack shall be canceled or suspended if it becomes apparent that the objective is not a military one or is subject to special protection or that the attack may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.&lt;ref&gt;Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750073&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===== b) Civilians and Civilian Objects =====
To ensure the safety of civilian lives in wars, Article (13)2 of Additional Protocol II prohibits attacking civilian populations as well as treating any civilian person as an object of attack. It also outlaws those attacks or threats of violence causing terror among the civilians.&lt;ref&gt;Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/475-760019?OpenDocument&lt;/ref&gt; In the same vein, Article 57(1) of the Additional Protocol I states that &quot;in the conduct of military operations, constant care shall be taken to spare the civilian population, civilians and civilian objects&quot;. The same Protocol, furthermore, laying out the point of the centrality of the safety of civilians, in its Article 57 (2)(a)(ii) stresses that all parties in a conflict should take utmost care ‘‘in the choice of means and methods of attack with a view to avoiding, and in any event to minimizing, incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750073&lt;/ref&gt;    

==== 3. Military Necessity ====
In any violent conduct, military necessity involves the translation of military objectives into practice as well as qualification for the means and methods in a military operation. However, it is also important to note that while the military necessity might be an outcome of military objectives, yet every violent act ought to have its own justification for qualifying as a lawful act in warfare. And such a justification should entail the requirements of another basic principle of warfare, and that is of proportionality.&lt;ref&gt;Oscar Schachter and Frits Kalshoven, ''Proceedings of the Annual Meeting'' (American Society of International Law), Vol. 86 (April 1-4, 1992), p. 41. &lt;/ref&gt; As part of earlier attempts to explain and codify this norm, Article 23(g) of the Hague Regulations of 1899/1907 prohibited &quot;to destroy or seize the enemy's property, unless such destruction or seizure be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war&quot;.&lt;!-- From my experience working with students, I perceive that students in particular 1. don't know exactly what military necessity means and 2. how it is differentiated from proportionality. 1-2 sentences on each of these points would certainly be helpful --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/195-200033?OpenDocument&lt;/ref&gt;    

==== 4. Proportionality ====
In any given armed conflict, proportionality entails the essence of perpetrating lawfully acceptable violence while conducting hostilities. Due to its centrality in assessing the justifications of warfare, the principle of proportionality is spread around the space through various principles as explained above. On its own and exclusively, it is enshrined in Articles 51 and 57 of the Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Whereof Article 51(5)(b) states that &quot;an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750065&lt;/ref&gt;  However the said article, being aware of the usages of humans as shields, emphasizes that such treatment of civilians will not make the military targets immune from attacks.&lt;ref&gt;Article 51(7), Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.&lt;/ref&gt; Resultantly, the responsibility for the losses to civilian lives shall lie with those using humans as shields. Moreover, in addition to the Geneva Conventions, Amended Protocol II to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons in its Article 3(8)(a,b,c) also emphasizes the principle of proportionality by prohibiting indiscriminate usage of conventional weapons against the civilian populations and civilian inhabited dwellings.&lt;ref&gt;Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices as amended on 3 May 1996 (Protocol II to the 1980 CCW Convention as amended on 3 May 1996), available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=55F0A5E12A51A635C12563FB00611D95&lt;/ref&gt; With regard to the interpretation of this principle, it is common understanding among states that 'direct military advantage' speaks of the operation as a whole advantage and shall not be assessed against every bit and part of the attack.&lt;ref&gt;For further details, see Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck, ''Customary International Humanitarian Law'', Vol I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp.49-51.&lt;/ref&gt;    

==== 5. To Take all Feasible Precautions ====
A primary norm of the customary international humanitarian law, the principle of precaution was initially set out in Article 2 of the 1907 Hague Convention (IX). The said article provides that given the presence of a military target inside an undefended town or port, it is absolutely important for the military commander to &quot;take all due measures in order that the town may suffer as little harm as possible&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Convention (IX) concerning Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War. The Hague, 18 October 1907, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=C27C2D1A0E0C2C35C12563CD00516DB5&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently, this principle was further ''thoroughly'' explained and codified through the Article 57 of the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. As the Article states that it is incumbent upon the warring parties to &quot;do everything feasible to verify that the objectives to be attacked are neither civilians nor civilian objects and are not subject to special protection&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Article (57)(2)(a)(i), Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750073&lt;/ref&gt; The emphasis upon precautions to spare the civilians from the consequences of warfare has been serious and consistent as was shown by a UN General Assembly Resolution in 1970, which stated that &quot;in the conduct of military operations, every effort should be made to spare civilian populations from the ravages of war, and all necessary precautions should be taken to avoid injury, loss or damage to civilian populations&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;UN General Assembly, Res. 2675 (XXV), 1970, available at https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/2675(XXV)&lt;/ref&gt; Following through the laid down rules and fulfill their responsibility to protect civilian lives, most of the states, in one way or the other, thrash out the principle of precaution in their military manuals used to train the professional armed forces. In these contexts, however, it is important to note that most of the principles of humanitarian law are equally applicable to international and non-international armed conflicts; but the principle of all feasible precaution is ''explicitly'' absent from Additional Protocol II. &lt;!-- What is the result of this? --&gt;At the same time though some other treaties do incorporate this principle, such as Second Protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property.&lt;!-- What strikes me in some of the paragraphs is that you describe very nicely where each principle comes from. If you have word limit issues, you might consider either making these historical introductions of each paragraph much shorter and focusing on the current rules or creating an advanced text box.  --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Article 7, Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict The Hague, 26 March 1999, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=98D6720D8AE6D20F412567BB0052C84E&lt;/ref&gt;    
===III. Actors in the Law of Armed Conflict===

==== 1. States ====
States&lt;!-- Please insert a link to the states chapter in this textbook --&gt; as traditional subjects of international law play an important role in the law of armed conflict like in any other field of public international law. For centuries, they have been an important actor in armed conflicts: They have started armed conflicts, they have participated in hostilities, they occupied territory and they came together to negotiate armistices. In collective efforts, states also assembled at international peace conferences, like the ones leading to the conclusion of the first Geneva Convention, the Hague Regulations or the Geneva Conventions from 1949. The role of states is also illustrated in the two categories of armed conflicts that exist in the law of armed conflicts (cf. common articles 2 + 3 to the Geneva Conventions): There are international armed conflicts between two or more states and there are so-called non-international armed conflicts that relate to conflicts between a state and a non-state actor or between several non-state actors on the territory of a state. Depending on this classification,&lt;ref&gt;See ICRC, Commentary GC I, pp 81–82 para. 224, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Comment.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=BE2D518CF5DE54EAC1257F7D0036B518#_Toc452041593; D. Akande, Classification of Armed Conflicts: Relevant Legal Concepts, in: E. Wilmshurst (ed.), International Law and the Classification of Conflicts (OUP, 2012), pp 32–79; J. K. Kleffner, Scope of Application of International Humanitarian Law, in: Fleck (ed.), Handbook of International Humanitarian Law, 4th ed., 2021, p. 52, para. 3&lt;/ref&gt; a different set of rules and principles applies. While international armed conflicts are regulated by the four Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I (as well as by custom), non-international armed conflicts are governed by common Art. 3 to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II. If a state that is involved in a non-international armed conflict is not a party to Additional Protocol I, only common Art. 3 of the Geneva Conventions applies together with customary rules and principles. &lt;s&gt;In sum, states participate in armed conflicts and they create the rules governing such conflicts.&lt;/s&gt; 

==== 2. Non-State Actors ====
Over the past decades, more and more non-international armed conflicts broke out, with one state fighting organized armed groups within its territory (cf. common Art. 3 to the Geneva Conventions). This explains the rise of so-called non-state actors. In armed conflicts like the ones in Syria or Colombia but also in the aftermath of 9/11, rebel and terrorist groups were parties to the conflict and participated in the hostilities as armed non-state actors. The law of armed conflict directly addresses them in common Art. 3 to the Geneva Conventions and in Additional Protocol II. There are other non-state actors involved in armed conflicts, such as private military and security companies that support a party to the conflict. Despite their active role in conflicts, non-state actors do not participate in the actual law-making procedure in the law of armed conflicts. They are not a party to any treaties in the law of armed conflict, which are concluded between states exclusively. In peace negotiations, on the other hand, non-state actors participate together with states. Their actions are also only indirectly considered when interpreting the law of armed conflict,&lt;ref&gt;Cf. conclusion 7 and its commentary of the ILC's draft conclusions on subsequent agreements and subsequent practice in relation to the interpretation of treaties with commentaries, available at https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/1_11.shtml&lt;/ref&gt; and when identifying rules and principles of customary law.&lt;ref&gt;Cf. conclusion 4, para 4 of the ILC's draft conclusions on the identification of customary international law with commentaries, available at https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/1_13.shtml&lt;/ref&gt; In the past, there have been issues with armed non-state actors and their compliance with the laws of armed conflict.&lt;ref&gt;Bellal/Casey-Maslen, Enhancing Compliance with International Law by Armed Non-State Actors, Goettingen J. Int'l L. 2011, pp 175-197; see e.g. the initiative Geneva Call who aims at enhancing compliance of armed non-state actors in their conduct of hostilities to improve the protection of civilians: https://www.genevacall.org/&lt;/ref&gt; I&lt;s&gt;n sum, non-state actors participate in the conduct of hostilities against states and are addressed by the law of armed conflict, but they do not participate in the law-making process.&lt;/s&gt;

==== 3. The International Committee of the Red Cross ====
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is the &quot;guardian&quot;&lt;ref&gt;ICRC blog, What is the ICRC's role in developing and ensuring respect for IHL?, available at https://blogs.icrc.org/ilot/2017/08/14/what-is-the-icrc-s-role-in-developing-and-ensuring-respect-for-ihl/ &lt;/ref&gt; of the law of armed conflict. Established in 1863 by Henry Dunant after the Battle of Solferino&lt;ref&gt;Dunant, A Memory of Solferino, available at https://shop.icrc.org/a-memory-of-solferino-pdf-en.html&lt;/ref&gt; as an association governed by Article 60 and following of the Swiss Civil Code, the ICRC is mandated to protect people affected by armed conflicts and violence. As a traditional subject of international law&lt;!-- Please insert a link to the subject/actors part of this textbook --&gt;, it enjoys a special international legal status that is different than the one from NGOs or international organizations. The ICRC is guided by seven principles: Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary service, Unity &amp; Universality,&lt;ref&gt;See ICRC, Research guide &quot;The Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement,&quot; available at https://blogs.icrc.org/cross-files/the-fundamental-principles-of-the-international-red-cross-and-red-crescent-movement/&lt;/ref&gt; which guarantee access to all parties to a conflict.

==== 4. Others ====

===IV. Use of Force and the Law of Armed Conflict===

==B. Selection of Current Challenges in the Law of Armed Conflict ==

=== &lt;!-- Would be great to have a short intro for this part --&gt;I. New Technologies&lt;!-- I really love the following paragraphs but think they are way too long in light of the word limit. It would be great if you could shorten this and refer to further sources in footnotes for interested students. However, your critique on the use of drones by the US should remain in place, but could also be a bit shorter (at least in my opinion)  --&gt;===

==== 1. Semi-Autonomous Weapons ====
In terms of the revolutions in warfare technology, the twenty-first century is proving to be the most advancement frenzy so far. Whereof the leap from manned military technology to the unmanned was rapid and reciprocal, specifically, when speaking of the building and adoption of such technologies by the state actors. Such a swiftness in development as well as deployment while undoubtedly providing the strategic and operational edge to the state actors, it also raised numerous legal questions about the role of unmanned weapons in upholding the ''jus in bello'' principles of warfare like distinction, necessity, proportionality, etc. Speaking of the combat drones, due to the fact of their widespread usage so far in the context of the warfare between states and violent non-state actors like Al-Qaeda and its affiliates, these questions are more pronounced. Certainly, the semi-autonomous weapons like combat drones were presented as 'weapon of choice'&lt;ref&gt;“Remarks of Director of Central Intelligence Agency, Leon E. Panetta, at the Pacific Council on International Policy”, ''CIA'', May 18, 2009, available at &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.cia.gov/newsinformation/speeches-testimony/directors-remarks-at-pacific-council.html&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; for their effectiveness in being precise and persistent when upholding the principles of warfare and avoiding unnecessary bloodshed as well as damage to the property on the battlefield. In terms of saving lives of those deploying the combat drones, the results are ''certainly'' positive. However, the losses of lives when targeting the alleged terrorists, are in many cases, not proportionate to the actual security threat they pose. For instance, in cases of the US drone attacks against terrorists in Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia---various studies conducted by the government and non-government organizations point to the fact that in contrast to their technological reputation for precision---combat drones are not that much ''precise'', operationally.&lt;ref&gt;“Living under Drones: Death, Injury and Trauma to Civilians from US Drone Practice in Pakistan”, International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic, Stanford Law School and Global Justice Clinic, New York University School of Law, 2012; Jo Becker and Scott Shane, “Secret ‘Kill List’ Proves a Test of Obama’s Principles and Will”, ''The New York Times'', 29 May 2012, A1; Letta Tayler, “Between a Drone and Al-Qaeda: The Civilian Cost of US Targeted Killing in Yemen”, (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2013); Jane Mayer, “The Predator War: What are the Risks of the C.I.A.’s Covert Drone Program?” ''The New Yorker'', October 26, 2009; and &quot;Daily Situation Report,&quot; FATA Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Pakistan, 2007-2017; Ben Emmerson, “Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms While Countering Terrorism,” ''UN Document A/68/389'', September 18, 2013; Philip Alston, “Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions”, presented to the Human Rights Council, 14th session, May 28, 2010, &lt;/ref&gt; Nonetheless, the US remains adamant that the combat drones are precise and avoid losses to the innocent lives. For example, the Obama administration in its report disclosing the civilian killings in drone warfare in 2016 recorded that the civilian deaths are less than 200.&lt;ref&gt;Karen DeYoung and Greg Miller, “White House Releases its Count of Civilian Deaths in Counterterrorism Operations under Obama”, ''The Washington Post'', July 1, 2016. &lt;/ref&gt; However, a closer scrutiny of these numbers suggests that, perhaps, the US government counts only children and women deaths as civilians. The rest are eligible targets under the laws in war, according to the US government. It seems even more probable proposition because various reports counting the deaths out of the US combat drones also estimate that there are children and women killed in drone warfare and their numbers are almost equal to the US estimates of total civilian deaths.&lt;ref&gt;For details, see Peter Bergen, David Sterman and Melissa Salyk-Virk. “America’s Counterterrorism Wars,&quot; The New America Foundation'','' 2020, available at https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/americas-counterterrorism-wars/; and Civilian Casualties &amp; Collateral Damage”, ''LAWFARE'', available at https://www.lawfareblog.com/civilian-casualties-collateral-damage?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=4BIlxf_LBxZR1Xu5pL3CSbSRrgr.N4OUm54YU9qwWh4-1636355500-0-gaNycGzNCKU   &lt;/ref&gt; In view of these discrepancies surrounding the loss of innocent lives, one may notice that the dispute over evidence while on the one hand seems to be inherent when it comes to the application of laws in war. On the other, it points to the fact of the ''mere'' confidence of the governments in the precision of combat drones.      
                                                                                                                                           
However, at times, such confidence did translate into reality of precision strike, as combat drones pinpointed the terrorists on various occasions. For instance, the killing of a Pakistani Taliban leader in a drone strike, wherein the missile attack was so precise that even it did not cause any harm to the house, bore testimony to this fact.&lt;ref&gt;Imdad Ullah, ''Terrorism and the US Drone Attacks in Pakistan: Killing First'' (London, New York: Routledge, 2021), p. 131.&lt;/ref&gt; In this case, it seems that the drone operators took 'all feasible precautions' before striking down the intended target, and adequately fulfilled the principles of necessity and proportionality. Hence, concerning the technological prowess of combat drones, it is absolutely evident that they have the manifest ability to be precise and proportional. Unlike the soldiers on the battlefield, combat drones do not fear for their safety, and hence, in principle can withstand risks while pinpointing the target. In practice, however, the usage of combat drones, specifically against the violent non-state actors, in recent times, raised more questions, concerning the fulfillment of humanitarian principles than answering them. In this context, one needs to closely study the combat drone deployments in Pakistan, Yemen, and various African states involving the United States and French militaries, against terrorists.&lt;ref&gt;Hugh Gusterson, ''Drone: Remote Control Warfare'' (London: The MIT Press, 2016); “Civilian Casualties &amp; Collateral Damage”, ''LAWFARE'', accessed, January 12, 2020, available at https://www.lawfareblog.com/civilian-casualties-collateral-damage; &quot;Counting Deaths from Drone Strikes&quot;, Human Rights Institute, Columbia Law School, 2012, available at https://web.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/microsites/human-rights-institute/files/COLUMBIACountingDronesFinal.pdf; “Living under Drones: Death, Injury and Trauma to Civilians from US Drone Practice in Pakistan”. International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic, Stanford Law School and Global Justice Clinic, New York University School of Law, 2012, available at https://law.stanford.edu/publications/living-under-drones-death-injury-and-trauma-to-civilians-from-us-drone-practices-in-pakistan/; Letta Tayler, “Between a Drone and Al-Qaeda: The Civilian Cost of US Targeted Killing in Yemen,” Human Rights Watch, New York, 2013, available at https://www.hrw.org/node/256485/printable/print; “A Wedding That Became a Funeral,” Human Rights Watch, 2014, available at http:// www.hrw.org / reports / 2014 / 02 / 19 / wedding-became-funeral; and &quot;France's Shadow War in Mali: Airstrikes at the Bounti Wedding,&quot; Stoke White Investigations, 2021, available at https://www.swiunit.com/post/france-s-shadow-war-in-mali-airstrikes-at-the-bounti-wedding &lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2. AI and Autonomous Weapons ====
Within the context of the weapons of warfare, autonomy is a relative term. It may range as well as encompass launching a weapon into the battlefield to the point of successfully selecting, engaging, and neutralizing the target.&lt;ref&gt;For a detailed treatment of autonomy in autonomous weapons systems and how may it operate in warfare, see Kenneth Payne, &quot;Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence: A Revolution in Strategic Affairs?&quot; ''Survival'', Vol. 60, No. 5 (2018), pp. 7-32; Giovanni Sartor and Andrea Omicini, &quot;The autonomy of technological systems and responsibilities for their use,&quot; in Nehal Bhutta, et al (eds.), ''Autonomous Weapons Systems: Law, Ethics, Policy'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), pp. 40-65.  &lt;/ref&gt; To make the concept more understandable, the United States Department of Defense underlines that a weapons system is autonomous when &quot;once activated, (it) can select and engage targets without further intervention by a human operator.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;U.S. Department of Defense, &quot;Autonomy in Weapons Systems,&quot; directive no. 3000.09 (November 21, 2012). &lt;/ref&gt; At a time when, in the case of semi-autonomous weapons while humans remain in the loop when deciding and targeting the enemy combatants on the battlefield, however, with the emergence and usage of the fully automated weapons of warfare, the humans deem to be handing over control over decision as well as practice to engage the opponents to machines. Such an emerging scenario poses serious questions for the laws of warfare. More specifically, it amplifies the challenge to the principle of proportionality whose applicability was already turning out to be a daunting one in case of the semi-autonomous weapons. In this context, one understands that the entire notion of warfare is predicated upon the assumption that when humans face off humans on the battlefield, inherently, such a face-off imposes certain limitations on the excessive use of violence among the adversaries to achieve a particular as well as the general objective of warfare.&lt;ref&gt;Look for reference............&lt;/ref&gt; Whereof humans might decide ''instantly'' at the battlefield that perhaps a certain objective of warfare can be better served by only injuring the enemy combatant rather than killing her. On the contrary, an automated gun would hardly bother to take such an instant decision at the battlefield and spare the life of a human in return for only injuring her. Likewise, speaking of the strategic and nuclear weapons, the mere presence of autonomous weapons on the battlefield can be tempting for the adversary to jump to the conclusion that might these weapons in a first strike scenario---take out the second-strike capability, and therefore, it is prudent to unleash the strategic weapons in advance. Such a scenario while on the one hand can make escalation scenarios in warfare more ''uncertain'' and ''dangerous.'' On the other hand, it can also undermine the principle of proportionality, concerning the particular objective of warfare.&lt;ref&gt;Michael T. Klare, &quot;Autonomous Weapons Systems and the Laws of War,&quot; ''Arms Control Today,'' Vol. 49, No. 2 (March 2019), pp. 6-12.&lt;/ref&gt;                                                                                         

Moreover, AI powered autonomous weapons can also have serious repercussions for the principle of distinction. For instance, though an automated gun is fed with various image classifications such as soldier uniforms, insignias, numerous types of rifles and ammunitions yet the softwares commanding the operations of a gun can be hacked and fed with different image classification. Likewise, there are also chances that a gun may also indulge in automatic fire on the basis of mistaken identity. For example, in certain experiments guns have mistaken turtles as rifles.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt; However, despite the fact of dominant voices raising serious ethical, legal, and political questions&lt;ref&gt;For details of such voices, see Mary E. O’Connell, &quot;Banning Autonomous Killing— The Legal and Ethical Requirement That Humans Make Near- Time Lethal Decisions,&quot; in Matthew Evangelista, and Henry Shue (eds.), ''The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and Legal Norms From Flying Fortresses to Drones'' (New York: Cornell University Press, 2014), pp. 224-235; Rebecca Crootof, &quot;A Meaningful Floor For ‘Meaningful Human Control,&quot; ''Temple International and Comparative Law Journal'' , Vol. 30, No. 1 (2016), pp. 53– 62; and Peter Asaro, “Jus nascendi, Robotic Weapons and the Martens Clause,” in Ryan Calo, Michael Froomkin, and Ian Kerr (eds.), ''Robot Law'', (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016), pp. 367– 386.&lt;/ref&gt; about the nature as well as ''certain'' characteristics of autonomous weapons challenging the humanitarian principles in wars; there are some scholars who point to the fact that perhaps automated killing machines in the battlefield can better comb through the security threat, and thus, without fearing for its own safety, target the militarily vital object or combatant.&lt;ref&gt;Duncan Macintosh, &quot;Fire and Forget: A Moral Defense of the Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems in War and Peace,&quot; in Duncan Macintosh and Jens D. Ohlin (eds.), ''Lethal Autonomous Weapons: Re- Examining the Law and Ethics of Robotic Warfare'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021), pp. 9-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

In this context, one might presume that innovation in weapons is driven by the understanding that it might spare the lives of those seeking an edge in technology, yet it is also important to understand that these innovations must not make laws in warfare ineffective. For such understanding and reason underpinned the various instruments of international humanitarian law. Beginning with St. Petersburg Declaration and the Hague Declarations and Regulations, it was laid down that along with the precaution, only those weapons should be deployed in warfare which assure the avoidance of unnecessary injury of the targeted persons. Inside, the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, Articles 51 and 57 stressed the importance of avoiding excessive physical as well as material damages when targeting the adversary in a warfare. Avoidance of excessive damage in terms of the autonomous weapons also depends upon the efficient decision-making and such an efficiency depends upon the thorough analysis of the choices made in targeting. Autonomous weapons based on data feeds, however, reach decisions within moments, and thus, might undermine the role of human judgement.&lt;ref&gt;Dan Saxon, &quot;A Human Touch: Autonomous Weapons, Directive 3000.09, and the &quot;Appropriate Levels of Human Judgment over the Use of Force,&quot; ''Georgetown Journal of International Affairs'', Vol. 15, No. 2 (Summer/Fall 2014), p. 103. For further details, see Bill Boothby, &quot;How Far Will the Law Allow Unmanned Targeting to Go?&quot; in Dan Saxon, ed., ''International Humanitarian Law and the Changing Technology of War'' (Leiden: Mārtiņus Nijhoff/Brill, 2013), pp. 62-63; and David Akerson, &quot;The Illegality of Offensive Lethal Autonomy,&quot; in Dan Saxon, ed., ''International Humanitarian Law and the Changing Technology of War'' (Leiden: Mārtiņus Nijhoff/Brill, 2013), p. 7I.  &lt;/ref&gt; Already we know that with regard to the semi-autonomous weapons, interplay between human judgement and machines have often produced horrible consequences when it comes to upholding the humanitarian principles in warfare. Autonomous weapons, therefore, do not seem to be offering any better alternatives to humans when taking decisions of applying kinetic force. The fulfillment of humanitarian principles, certainly, demands ''more'' role for the human judgement, not less.           

==== 3. Cyber Weapons ====
In present times, a networked world has brought upon an unprecedented level of prosperity, and thus, as a consequence an extraordinary challenge to secure the very platforms underpinning this networking. In such networks, signals across and within the digital platforms remain ''the'' critical mass. Any ill-intended intrusion or tempering with the signals can turn a benevolent digital tool into a destructive weapon. In this context, spy wares and malicious software codes has already brought down the governmental digital platforms in Estonia and destroyed certain nuclear reactors in Iran. Whereas scenarios like shutting down the electricity grids, bringing down a commercial aero plane, etc., by introducing malware in their control and navigations systems, are also being drawn. These scenarios render the conduct of violence an utterly discreet activity: wherein the questions of distinction and proportionality will once more come to the fore, but in a manner where these humanitarian principles shall be extremely difficult to apply and assess. Even to begin with, there are questions about terming damages caused by cyber weapons as an 'attack' as well as fixing of the responsibility for such act. The dominant role of violent non-state actors in contemporary violence further complicates the situation and renders questions complexity. To answer such questions, International Committee of Red Cross, therefore, notes that ''only'' state practice can help finding adequate answers to these questions.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;International Humanitarian Law and the Challenges of Contemporary Armed Conflicts,&quot; ICRC, October 2015, p. 16.  &lt;/ref&gt; For instance, in cases of damages to Iranian and Estonian infrastructures, there was no claim of responsibility. And meanwhile, when selecting and hitting these targets, there was no regard for the principle of distinction either. Specifically speaking of the principle of distinction, which, along with the Hague Regulations, was effectively laid down in Article 48 of the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 becomes problematic when applied in context of cyber warfare. For example, there can be a scenario that due to the easiness and less costly prospects, at least for the attacker, a military commander decides to shut down an electricity grid by employing a cyber attack; so that the command and communication structures of a nearby military installation may be rendered useless yet the same targeting can also turn off electricity in a nearby hospital and cause scores of deaths. In such a targeting, there is loss of innocent lives albeit as an unintended consequence of a cyber attack. Besides violating the principle of distinction, such an attack also ends up undermining the principles of humanity, military necessity as well as proportionality.                                                                                                                                                         

To address these issues of uncertainty and complexity, some scholars have suggested to bring in binding international conventions contributing towards the sparing of those digital platforms having civilian usages.&lt;ref&gt;Davis Brown, &quot;A Proposal for an International Convention To Regulate the Use of Information Systems in Armed Conflict,&quot; ''Harvard International Law Journal'', Vol. 47, No. 179 (2006). &lt;/ref&gt; However, questions shall arise about the targeting legitimacy of those platforms powering civilian and military installations simultaneously. Hence in such a scenario, there is never a question of ''either'' and ''or'' rather the digital platform is plugged to both the installations. Speaking of the functioning of cyber platforms, one can assume that such a dilemma will not be specific to the given case rather it will run across numerous platforms, and thus, complicating any military targeting decisions.&lt;ref&gt;For a detailed analysis of this targeting dilemma, see Michael N. Schmitt, &quot;The Law of Cyber Targeting,&quot; ''Naval War College Review'', Vol. 68, No. 2 (Spring 2015), pp. 10-29; and Michael N. Schmitt and Eric W. Widmar, “On Target”: Precision and Balance in the Contemporary Law of Targeting,&quot; ''Journal of National Security Law &amp; Policy'', Vol. 7 (2014), pp. 379-409. &lt;/ref&gt; Hence when a targeting decision is taken and executed, in all probability, it will give rise to questions about the applicability of proportionality. After all, pinpointing a networked target is extremely difficult and chances of indirectly targeting civilian cyber infrastructure while brining downing a military one are higher during a conflict.&lt;ref&gt;Ibid., p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt; Massive cyber attacks against the Ukrainian government's digital infrastructure once more points toward such trends and difficulties when targeting cyber objects.&lt;ref&gt;Robert Hart, &quot;Ukraine Hit By ‘Massive Cyber Attack’ As Russia Mobilizes Troops Near Border,&quot; ''Forbes'', January 14, 2022, available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2022/01/14/ukraine-hit-by-massive-cyber-attack-as-russia-mobilizes-troops-near-border/?sh=54733e3b1cf2&lt;/ref&gt; Tracing of the sources to fix responsibility for usages and damages caused by cyber weapons is another dilemma, potentially, making the violence in war a muddier business and adding another layer of complexity in applying the legal principles to ensure transparency as well as accountability. Apparently, one can assume that unlike autonomous and semi-autonomous weapons, cyber weapons due to their nature, are indiscriminate and disproportionate. Hence to make their use subject to the humanitarian rules and principles is bound to pose serious challenges.&lt;!-- Engagement with the Tallinn Manual (2.0.) would be great! --&gt;                                         

=== II. Protected Groups and Objects ===&lt;!-- In this part, a few footnotes do not contain any sources --&gt;
The law of armed conflict was originally created by states to spare the civilian population from the consequences of the conduct of hostilities. Nevertheless, some provisions of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols address other groups or objects, such as medical personnel and establishments, cultural property, or the natural environment. Indirectly, their protection can often be linked to the protection of civilians and civilian objects, but these provisions install special protection for specific protected groups and objects that differs from the general protection of civilians and civilian objects. The three mentioned examples are only a selection of protected groups and objects.

==== 1. Medical Personnel ====
The first Geneva Convention from 1864 was concluded to take care of the wounded and sick combatants of all belligerent states who were hors de combat (out of the battle). Without medical personnel and medical care, their protection would have remained meaningless. Today, several Geneva Conventions as well as Aditional Protocol I include provisions on the protection of medical personnel, medical units, and medical establishments. Art. 24 and 25 GC I, Art. 36 and 37 GC II, Art. 15 AP I on international armed conflicts, and Art. 9 AP II on non-international armed conflicts contain an obligation to respect and protect medical personnel under all circumstances. First of all, medical personnel includes civilians and militaries temporarily or permanently assigned to medical purposes, such as the search for, collection, transportation, diagnosis or treatment of the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, or to the prevention of disease, or to the administration or operation of medical units or medical transports. Only people with the official assignment of medical tasks by the competent authority of a belligerent party enjoy the special protection as medical personnel.&lt;ref&gt;?&lt;/ref&gt; Second, to identify medical personnel, it is asked to use the distinctive sign of the red cross, red crescent, or red crystal worn on clothes. In the past, the distinctive sign has made medical personnel and medical units more vulnerable, since they were visible to the enemy's forces and have been attacked unlawfully.&lt;ref&gt;?&lt;/ref&gt; They are of particularly high value based on their essential role in medical care to each belligerent state. Third, medical personnel and medical establishments may not be object to an attack. If they fall into the enemy's hands, they are not considered prisoners of war and must be set free.&lt;ref&gt;?&lt;/ref&gt; The opposing party may, however, retain them to give medical care to prisoners of war.&lt;ref&gt;?&lt;/ref&gt;

military (permanent or temporary) medical personnel
- Art. 24 + 25 GC I
- Art. 36 + 37 GC II

civilian medical personnel assigned by a party to the conflict
- Art. 20 GC IV
- Art. 8 AP I

medical personnel made available by third States or organizations to a party to the conflict
- Art. 8 AP I

personnel of a National Society recognized and specifically authorized by a party to the conflict
- Art. 26 GC I
- Art. 24 GC II
- Art. 8 AP I

protection on the battlefield (including inhabitants of the combat zone): may not be attacked and may fulfill medical duties in conformity with medical ethics, Art. 24+25 GC I, Art. 36+37 GC II, Art. 15+16 AP I

once fallen in enemy hands: immediate repatriation or employment caring for POWs
Art. 28-32 GC I

under control of the enemy: right to perform their medical mission, right not to perform acts contrary to medical ethics, right to maintain medical secret, except as required by law, Art. 15+16 AP I, Art. 10 AP II

==== 2. Cultural Property ====
- Hague Convention for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict, 1954
- First Protocol to the Hague Convention, 1954
- Second Protocol to the Hague Convention,1999
- Art. 53 AP I 
- art. 16 AP II
- World Heritage Convention

- Chapter 12 ICRC IHL study

==== 3. Natural Environment ====
The environment has been called a &quot;silent victim&quot; of war.&lt;ref&gt;UN Environment Programme, Rooting for the Environment in Times of Conflict and War, Press release from 6 November 2019, available at https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/rooting-environment-times-conflict-and-war (last visited 15 March 2022)&lt;/ref&gt; Art. 35(3) Additional Protocol I (AP I), regulating international armed conflicts, specifically protects the &quot;natural environment&quot; from &quot;widespread, long-term and severe damage.&quot; This provision has never been applied to an actual conflict since either some states to the conflict were not a party to Additional Protocol I and AP I did hence not apply.&lt;ref&gt;?&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, the undefined threshold of Art. 35(3) AP I has never been reached due to its vagueness, not even in the cases of the Vietnam war and the deployment of Agent Orange, or of the burning oil wells in Kuwait in 1991. During the negotiations of AP I, no consensus among states was reached regarding the definitions of the threshold. For instance, it is unclear whether &quot;long-term&quot; is measured in years or decades, based on the travaux préparatoires the latter seems to be the case.&lt;ref&gt;?&lt;/ref&gt; Simultaneously to the negotiation of AP I, states drafted and adopted the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD Convention) which contains a similar threshold with almost identical wording (&quot;widespread, long-lasting or severe&quot;). In this case, however, states were able to agree on a definition in a memorandum of understanding: long-lasting, for instance, means &quot;lasting for a period of months, or approximately a season&quot; in terms of the ENMOD Convention.&lt;ref&gt;See https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&amp;documentId=A951B510E9491F56C12563CD0051FC40 (last visited 15 March 2022)&lt;/ref&gt; In addition to the specific protection the &quot;natural&quot; environment enjoys under Art. 35(3) AP I (similar protection of the &quot;natural&quot; environment is also included in Art. 55(1) AP I and linked to the survival of the civilian population), elements of the environment can constitute civilian objects,&lt;ref&gt;See Droege/Tougas, The Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict–Existing Rules and need for further legal protection, Nordic Journal of International Law 2013, p. 23&lt;/ref&gt; since they rarely serve military purposes and hence only rarely represent a military object that can lawfully be attacked. The principle of distinction thus protects the environment. The other cardinal principles of the law of armed conflict, like proportionality, military necessity, and precautions in an attack, also require the belligerent parties to at least consider the protection of the environment in their conduct of hostilities.&lt;ref&gt;See ICJ,
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion from 8 July 1996, ICJ Rep. 1996, para. 30: &quot;[…] States must take environmental considerations into account when assessing what is necessary and proportionate in the pursuit of legitimate military objectives. Respect for the environment is one of the elements that go to assessing whether an action is in conformity with the principles of necessity and proportionality.”&lt;/ref&gt; In non-international armed conflicts, which are regulated by common Art. 3 to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II, there exists no specific provisions on the environment, hence the cardinal principles as well as the protection of elements of the environment as civilian objects apply. In the 2005 ICRC study on customary international humanitarian law, three rules were identified that protect the natural environment.&lt;ref&gt;Cf. rules 43-45 in chapter 14, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docindex/v1_cha_chapter14 (last visited 15 March 2022)&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, the UN International Law Commission started to analyze the topic &quot;Protection of the Environment in relation to Armed Conflicts&quot; in 2011 in order to clarify and enhance the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflict.

- IEL?
- IHRL?

==C. Interplay with Other Fields of Public International Law==

=== I. Human Rights Law ===

=== II. International Environmental Law ===

=== III. International Investment Law ===

=== IV. International Criminal Law ===

==Further Readings==
* Source I
* Source II

==Conclusion==

* Summary I
* Summary II

&lt;!--Please do not delete the part under this comment--&gt;  
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-End}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>r552oioghe52fwypbnt2jle76xppqgb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Public International Law/Immunities</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>437590</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088412</id>
      <parentid>4081458</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T02:11:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2603:7000:8B02:8B63:F59F:7BD4:1C8E:B5D0</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 2. Foreign State Official Immunity */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25522" xml:space="preserve">&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-Top}}
&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!--Please do not delete the part above this comment--&gt;  

{{Template:OpenRewi/WIP}}&lt;!--You can delete this template as soon as your text is (provisionally) finished--&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Author:''' Jane Doe&lt;!--Please enter the author names and/or link users here--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;   
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Required knowledge:''' Link&lt;!--Please insert links to other parts of the book or other books that are needed as prior knowledge--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Learning objectives:''' Understanding XY.&lt;!--Please enter the learning objective for your chapter--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;

{{OpenRewi/Advanced|Reference=Example|Content=This is your advanced content. You can create this text box using our template &quot;Advanced&quot;. How to do this is described [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Writing|here]].}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Example|Content=This is your example.|Reference=example topic}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Test|Link=https://openrewi.org/en/projects/project-public-international-law/history-theory-methods/#PIL-test}}


This chapter provides a general overview of the various types of immunities owed under international law. 

==A. State-Derived Immunities ==
The immunities owed under international law to States and their officials, as well as diplomatic and other special missions, derive from a combination of principles in international law, including the sovereign equality of States, non-interference, and State sovereignty.&lt;ref&gt;Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law 697 (6th ed. 2008). &lt;/ref&gt; Immunity refers to protection from the courts of another State and pertains to both adjudicative and enforcement jurisdiction, for which varying rules may apply.&lt;ref&gt;Foxx &amp; Webb, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt; In general, immunities may apply in civil, criminal, and administrative legal proceedings.&lt;ref&gt;Peter-Tobias Stoll, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (April 2011), para. 1. &lt;/ref&gt; At its core, sovereign immunity derives from the principle (''par in parem non habet imperium)'' that one soveriegn, acting within its territory, should not have jurisdiction over another. &lt;ref&gt;Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 433.&lt;/ref&gt; 

While state immunity exists as a rule of international law, it is most often implemented at the municipal level, and most commonly through municipal courts.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt; Accordingly, reference to the practice of such courts and tribunals around the globe is of particular importance to understanding the nature and application of immunities. At the same time, municipal courts are by no means the only relevant actors influencing the law of state immunity. While there has been a strong shift in recent decades towards greater recognition of the role of independent judiciary in determining the application of immunities, issues of foreign sovereign immunity have until recently often been considered to fall under prerogative of the executive, which in some legal systems continues to play a role in its application.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt;  At a practical level, however, it is possible to say that today nearly all branches of municipal government have the potential to implicate or effect immunities issues, whether through legislation, decisions to prosecute or investigate officials, or decisions to recognize foreign governments, to name only a few examples. 

Despite the relevance of municipal entities in effectuating state immunity, it is important to recognize that as a binding rule of international law, state immunity is more than merely the concept of comity, by which municipal courts simply decline to hear certain disputes as an exercise of their discretion, let alone merely a matter of foreign policy. Indeed, immunities owed to States and state officials must be respected as a rule of international law, and violation of such immunities may accordingly give rise to State responsibility.&lt;ref /&gt; Moreover, while subject to much debate, issues of state immunity may also arise on the international plane, for example where a state official faces prosecution before an international tribunal, as discussed below. 

===I. Foreign Sovereign Immunity===

==== a. Sources ====
Unlike certain other sources of immunity which are entirely treaty-based, foreign sovereign immunity derives from a general rule of customary international law. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' (''Germany v. Italy)'' case, the International Court of Justice provided guidance on the sources of this immunity when it looked for evidence of the content of the international rule of sovereign immunity. These sources included &quot;the judgments of national courts faced with the question whether a foreign State is immune, the legislation of those States which have enacted statutes dealing with immunity, [and] the claims to immunity advanced by States before foreign courts and the statements made by States&quot; in relation to adoption of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity.&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy, Greece Intervening), Judgment, ICJ Rep. 2012, para. 55. &lt;/ref&gt;

Some efforts towards codification have nonetheless been made. For example, the 1926 Brussels Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to the Immunity of State-Owned Ships provided rules of liability and immunity for various vessels owned or operated by States.&lt;ref&gt;See Peter-Tobias Still, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law (2011); see also European Convention on State Immunity (1972).&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning in 1978,

United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity (2004, not yet entered into force)

==== b. Nature and Application ====
With respect to the application of state immunity, it is clear that municipal courts must hear issues of State immunity before hearing the merits of the case.&lt;ref&gt;''Jurisdictional Immunities'' para. 82 &lt;/ref&gt; As the ICJ explained in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'', a &quot;national court is required to determine whether or not a foreign State is entitled to immunity as a matter of international law before it can hear the merits of the case brought before it and before the facts have been established.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 82&lt;/ref&gt; Reciprocity is not required; recognition also not required [  ]

A divergence of perspectives appears in the literature and case law over the nature of immunity, and thus the extent to which it is possible for courts to set it aside. Fox &amp; Webb suggest several models of immunity. On such model of state immunity sees immunity as a &quot;procedural plea, where a procedural/substantive distinction is used to restrict the scope of immunity and its impact on questions of substantive law.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hazel Fox &amp; Philippa Webb, The Law of State Immunity (Revised and Updated 3d Ed. 2015), p. 4. &lt;/ref&gt; In doing so, they point to ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' and ICJ statement that State immunity is of a procedural nature&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 93.&lt;/ref&gt; meaning that, according to them, &quot;immunity excludes questions as to the lawfulness of the act of a foreign State.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; The procedural view has the greatest potential to restrict immunity, particularly in comparison to [ ]. However, alternative [     ]

The rules on state immunity under international law have evolved considerably over the decades away from an absolute doctrine of state immunity and towards what is known as the &quot;restrictive&quot; doctrine, under which immunity is limited to public acts (''jure imperii)'', and not private or commercial acts (''jure gestionis''). A connection may be drawn between this development and the rise of global business and capitalism, as well as the growing role of governmental entities and State industries in business transactions.&lt;ref&gt;Maryam Jamshidi, &quot;The Political Economy of Foreign Sovereign Immunity,&quot; 73 Hastings Law Journal 585 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; 

The availability, scope, and application of additional exceptions to sovereign immunity has been subject to much debate. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' case, claims brought by Germany against Italy concerning Italian courts' decision not to apply immunity in proceedings against Germany for damages caused during WWII; rejected tort exception to immunity based on deportation of enforced labour of Italian nationals. State immunity for ''acta jure imperii'' even where acts take place on the territory of the forum State and for violations of ''jus cogens'' (para. 77, 97-101); ensuring discussion about obligation to make reparation for breaches of international law, including IHL


South Korea's Seoul Central District Court&lt;ref&gt;Seoul Central District Court, Joint Case No. 2016/505092 (Jan. 8, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt; 

Changi-Law fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Janeiro. concluded instead that &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima &amp; Aziz Tuffi Salita, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;  

case involving sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean peninsula before 1945&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's denial of Japan's immunity for international crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?, Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt;        

Brazilian Supreme Court&lt;ref&gt;Brazil Federal Supreme Court, ARE 954858/RJ (Aug. 23, 2021)&lt;/ref&gt; -- Changri-La fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Jeneiro brought by victims' relatives seeking compensation. &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;; characterized the act as war crime; based in part on provision of Brazilian Constitution .&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima and Aziz Tuffi Saliba, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;.  Ferrini Distomo cases ; Sentenza 238 of Italian Constitutional Court -- idea that constitutional considerations may prevail where there is a collision between immunity and &quot;supreme principles of the constitutional order&quot;   

sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula prior to 1945. Seoul Central District court ordered Japan to compensate twelve women.&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's Denial of Japan's Immunity for International Crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?&quot; Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt; Japan refused to participate. 


--issues remain as to scope of State agencies entitled to immunity and extent of acts considered non-immune on the basis of their commercial character

Courts in South Korea and Brazil have found no immunity with respect to claims based on ''jus cogens'' committed in the territory of those States&lt;ref&gt;Vessela Terzieva, &quot;State Immunity and Victims' Rights to Access to Court, Reparation, and the Truth,&quot; 22 Int'l Crim. L. Rev. 780, 781 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; -- victims' right of access to court ; Italian Constitutional Court in Judgment No. 238&lt;ref&gt;Italian Constitutional Court, Judgment No. 238 (Oct. 22, 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;

====  c. Key Issues ====   

recent examples of denial of immunity as a form of countermeasure?&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, State Immunity as a Tool of Foreign Policy: The Unanswered Question of ''Certain Iranian Assets'', 60 Va. J. Int'l L. 433 (2020)&lt;/ref&gt; Fox &amp; Webb suggest that the matter is &quot;questionable&quot; and note that the ICJ did not address the issue in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' because Italy had maintained that it was justified in denying immunity to Germany on the basis of an alleged exception for grave human rights violations&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;    

waiver; consent    

ECHR -- ''Waite and Kennedy''  -- availability of alternative avenues of redress    

''Mothers of Srebrenica''


state-owned enterprises, piercing corporate veil

balance with human rights / ECHR cases ''Al Adsani v. UK --'' state immunity and Article 6 ECHR


Tension with human rights and right to a remedy. -- jus cogens 

Justice Against State Sponsors of Terrorism (JASTA)   

''Certain Iranian Assets'' --terrorism-related judgments and asset attachments ; Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act, immunity of state-owned companies and Bank Markazi &quot;state-sponsors of terrorism&quot; exception as designated by Secretary of State   

===2. Foreign State Official Immunity ===
immunity granted to State officials is derivative of sovereign equality of States

--''Ratione personae --'' status-based immunity

--''Ratione materiae --'' immunity based on the nature of the act  


''Arrest Warrant'' case -- immunity from criminal jurisdiction of an incumbent minister of foreign affairs; issue of warrant for the arrest of a serving minister of another State; crimes against humanity; ICJ held that Belgium breached international law. 

troika --heads of state, heads of government; other ministers: minister for foreign affairs

''Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal)'' -- exercise of jurisdiction over former head of state; torture; obligation to prosecute or extradite when accused of serious crimes; ICJ deemed Senegal responsible for failing to take action in relation to alleged crimes of torture. 

--duty to waive

--Debate over ILC Draft Article 7 -- growing efforts to limit immunity in cases involving grave violation of human rights

--''Djubouti v. France --'' immunity of a visiting head of State; witness summons, notice to host State as condition of immunity;   


''Pinochet'' case 
 
UNCLOS and Convention on the High Seas -- immunities for warships or State-owned or operated vessels used for government purposes, 

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation      

Before int'l tribunals -- ''Arrest Warrant'' -- serving or former minister or head of State &quot;may be subject to criminal proceedings before certain international criminal courts, where they have jurisdiction. Rome Statute Article 27(2) -- provides that immunities which may attach to the official capacity of a person shall not bar the ICC from exercising jurisdiction over such a person. ICTY and ICTR Statutes, like Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, provide that immunity arising form a defendant's official capacity is not a defense. The issue remains unresolved, in part because ICTY &amp; ICTR set up under Chapter VII, and Nuremberg involved complete surrender    

--Convention on Special Missions (1985), pertaining to special missions sent by one State to another with the latter's consent. Persons on special missions are inviolable, not liable to arrest or detention, and immune from criminal jurisdiction          

==B. Diplomatic, Consular, and Related Immunities ==

Diplomatic and consular immunities can also be understood as deriving from the concepts of State sovereignty and the sovereign equality of States. Unlike sovereign immunity itself, and perhaps more in line with the immunity of State officials, the emphasis of diplomatic and related immunities is less on the dignity of the sovereign and more on the need to ensure the effective functioning of diplomatic missions, which are by nature tasked with operating outside of their home State territory. These immunities are grounded in a number of sources, including, most importantly, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963).  


inviolability -- Article 22 VCDR&lt;ref&gt;Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 500 UNTS 95, (1972) 23 UST 3227, TIAS No 7502, Art.22&lt;/ref&gt; -- (1) premises immune from search, attachment, etc.

--Service of Legal process  

(2) duty of receiving State to &quot;take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity&quot; ''Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran case''&lt;ref&gt;United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, United States v Iran, Merits, [1980] ICJ Rep 3, 24th May 1980.&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Obligation to &quot;respect and protect&quot; mission even if diplomatic relations cut&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 45(a)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Archives of diplomatic mission inviolable wherever and whenever they are located&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 24&lt;/ref&gt;

Diplomatic agents and private residence and property are inviolable&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Arts 29-30&lt;/ref&gt; 

Diplomatic agent also immune from criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 31&lt;/ref&gt;

--immunity from civil jurisdiction, but exceptions-- e.g. real property; 

waiver; ''persona non grata'' 

Debate over whether self-contained regime&lt;ref&gt;Rosanne van Alebeek, &quot;Immunity, Diplomatic,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 34.&lt;/ref&gt;

in contrast to heads of State, diplomatic agents possess privileges and immunities only in receiving State, and are only entitled to immunity in other States when transiting to and from post, not when traveling for private purposes.  

==C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations ==

International organizations (IOs) are also afforded privileges and immunities under a variety of legal instruments. Such immunities are granted to the extent necessary to enable IOs to effectively exercise their functions. IO immunities ensure the protection of IO headquarters, property, assets, and personnel carrying out the work of an IO. The purpose of such immunities is to enable IOs to carry out their work unimpeded by the unilateral influence of member States, including those Member States in which the IO physically operates or carries out work.     

Unlike State-derived immunities, the privileges and immunities of international organizations are principally rooted in treaties, including both multilateral and bilateral instruments.&lt;ref&gt;[cite]&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning with the United Nations (UN), Article 105(1) of the UN Charter provides that the UN &quot;shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.&quot; Likewise, under Article 105(2), the Charter further provides that representatives of UN Member States and UN officials shall enjoy &quot;such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.&quot; Such privileges privileges are thus typically understood to be &quot;functional&quot; in nature as they are ultimately held by the IO, or in this case, the UN itself, and granted only to the extent necessary for &quot;fulfilment&quot; of the the organization's &quot;purposes&quot; and the &quot;functions.&quot; 

In order to clarify the details of this grant of privileges and immunities, Article 105(3) authorized the General Assembly to make recommendations and propose conventions further specifying the nature and extent of UN privileges and immunities. Two such conventions have been widely adopted: the General Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946), and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (1947). Included within these are provisions providing immunities for State representatives of member States participating in the work of the UN, experts on mission, and the personnel of the organization, as well as various provisions on currency exchange, taxation, and entrance. It remains an ongoing question whether any IO immunities can be sourced in custom.&lt;ref&gt;See Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 163&lt;/ref&gt; 

In terms of operation, domestic legislation in some States may give effect to various IO immunities, such as for example the U.S. International Organizations Immunities Act (1945), and the U.K. International Organizations Act (1968). In relation to the practical application of immunities, the role of the UN Secretariat of  

--role of the UN Secretary General in determining whether an individual has acted within his capacity within the IO 

Depending on the exact nature of the immunities in question, and the domestic legal system involved, States may need to intervene to assert immunities.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 


''Cumaraswamy''&lt;ref&gt;''Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission of Human Rights'', Advisory Opinion, 29 April 1999, ICJ Rep. 1999, p. 62, para. 67 &lt;/ref&gt; -- municipal courts have an obligation to decide with the question of immunity from legal process as a preliminary issue &quot;expeditiously ''ex limine litis''&quot; 

A number of international organizations enjoy a broad immunities, typically stated as immunity from &quot;every form of legal process,&quot; though some organizations, such as the World Bank enjoy more restricted immunity on account of their more routine transacting with private parties. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 8; ''see also Cumaraswamy.''&lt;/ref&gt;

Specialized Agencies Convention requires States to develop alternative methods of settling disputes. 
                                       
--Experts on Mission (quasi-diplomatic immunity) ''Mazilu'' advisory opinion; ''Cumaraswamy'' advisory opinion 
        

Constitutive Instruments

Host-State &amp; Headquarters Agreements -- supplement immunities provided for by UN conventions; key examples are headquarters agreement with the U.S. for UN headquarters in New York and with Switzerland concerning the UN Office in Geneva  

--functional vs. absolute    ''Jam'' ''v. International Finance Corporation''&lt;ref&gt;Jam v. IFC, 139 S. Ct. 759 (2019)&lt;/ref&gt; case) 

-- restrictive doctrine? Most academics maintaining that the doctrine of restrictive immunity developed in relation to States is not simply transferrable to IOs.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), paras. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; With respect to State practice, Italy and the U.S. are understood to serve as outliers.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;  IOIA &quot;shall enjoy the same immunity from suit and every form of judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments&quot;&lt;ref&gt;22 U.S.C. § 288a(b)&lt;/ref&gt;        

--similar to diplomatic immunities, IOs enjoy inviolability of premises and archives  

--concerns for abuse 

--''Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of the UN Headquarters Agreement''

Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations was not well received and has not entered into force.  
  
Questions of waiver in the context of contracts and arbitration

== D. Other Issues ==

Apart from those mentioned above, a few additional immunities deserve mention. The first concerns immunities which may be provided for in status of forces agreements (SOFAs). For example [ ]     []  Such agreements are typically arranged on a bilateral basis and [] 

Also relevant to the conduct of military forces are immunities pertaining to participants in armed conflict, as well as the potential role of immunities before international courts and tribunals. Beginning with the first issue, combatant immunity refers to the rule of international humanitarian law (IHL) barring the prosecution of combatants for merely participating in hostilities. This means that combatants remain immune from prosecution for offenses permitted by IHL, such as murder of enemy forces. Combatant immunity does not apply, however, to shield a combatant from accountability for war crimes. [ ]

In recent years, an important debate in the field of international law has centered on the question of the availability of immunities before international courts and tribunals. The traditional view is that official capacity of a defendant is irrelevant to his prosecution for international crimes. As provided for in Article 27(1) of the Rome Statute, the status of an individual as a head of State of government, member of government, or other elected person &quot;shall in no case exempt a person from criminal responsibility&quot; under the Rome Statute. Further, as indicated in Article 27(2), &quot;[I]mmunities or special procedural rules which may attach to the official capacity of a person, whether under national or international law, shall not bar the Court from exercising its jurisdiction over such a person.&quot; Such rules are similarly found in [ ]  Despite these provisions, considerable controversy has arisen over the issue of whether high-ranking officials of non-State parties to the Rome Statute are nonetheless entitled to immunities owed to such persons in the territory of foreign States, as discussed above. 

In connection with this debate, the effort by the United States to conclude a host of bilateral immunity agreements whereby such contracting States agreed to prevent ICC from exercising jurisdiction over U.S. personnel reflects a further effort to use immunity to shield State actors from accountability.

 &lt;references /&gt;

==Further Readings==
* Source I
* Source II


&lt;!--Please do not delete the part under this comment--&gt;  
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-End}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>d5482gclw4hiszl8dffrwbkkb4z1ivu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088413</id>
      <parentid>4088412</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T02:21:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2603:7000:8B02:8B63:F59F:7BD4:1C8E:B5D0</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25543" xml:space="preserve">&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-Top}}
&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!--Please do not delete the part above this comment--&gt;  

{{Template:OpenRewi/WIP}}&lt;!--You can delete this template as soon as your text is (provisionally) finished--&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Author:''' Jane Doe&lt;!--Please enter the author names and/or link users here--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;   
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Required knowledge:''' Link&lt;!--Please insert links to other parts of the book or other books that are needed as prior knowledge--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Learning objectives:''' Understanding XY.&lt;!--Please enter the learning objective for your chapter--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;

{{OpenRewi/Advanced|Reference=Example|Content=This is your advanced content. You can create this text box using our template &quot;Advanced&quot;. How to do this is described [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Writing|here]].}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Example|Content=This is your example.|Reference=example topic}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Test|Link=https://openrewi.org/en/projects/project-public-international-law/history-theory-methods/#PIL-test}}


This chapter provides a general overview of the various types of immunities owed under international law. 

==A. State-Derived Immunities ==
The immunities owed under international law to States and their officials, as well as diplomatic and other special missions, derive from a combination of principles in international law, including the sovereign equality of States, non-interference, and State sovereignty.&lt;ref&gt;Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law 697 (6th ed. 2008). &lt;/ref&gt; Immunity refers to protection from the courts of another State and pertains to both adjudicative and enforcement jurisdiction, for which varying rules may apply.&lt;ref&gt;Foxx &amp; Webb, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt; In general, immunities may apply in civil, criminal, and administrative legal proceedings.&lt;ref&gt;Peter-Tobias Stoll, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (April 2011), para. 1. &lt;/ref&gt; At its core, sovereign immunity derives from the principle (''par in parem non habet imperium)'' that one soveriegn, acting within its territory, should not have jurisdiction over another. &lt;ref&gt;Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 433.&lt;/ref&gt; 

While state immunity exists as a rule of international law, it is most often implemented at the municipal level, and most commonly through municipal courts.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt; Accordingly, reference to the practice of such courts and tribunals around the globe is of particular importance to understanding the nature and application of immunities. At the same time, municipal courts are by no means the only relevant actors influencing the law of state immunity. While there has been a strong shift in recent decades towards greater recognition of the role of independent judiciary in determining the application of immunities, issues of foreign sovereign immunity have until recently often been considered to fall under prerogative of the executive, which in some legal systems continues to play a role in its application.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt;  At a practical level, however, it is possible to say that today nearly all branches of municipal government have the potential to implicate or effect immunities issues, whether through legislation, decisions to prosecute or investigate officials, or decisions to recognize foreign governments, to name only a few examples. 

Despite the relevance of municipal entities in effectuating state immunity, it is important to recognize that as a binding rule of international law, state immunity is more than merely the concept of comity, by which municipal courts simply decline to hear certain disputes as an exercise of their discretion, let alone merely a matter of foreign policy. Indeed, immunities owed to States and state officials must be respected as a rule of international law, and violation of such immunities may accordingly give rise to State responsibility.&lt;ref /&gt; Moreover, while subject to much debate, issues of state immunity may also arise on the international plane, for example where a state official faces prosecution before an international tribunal, as discussed below. 

===I. Foreign Sovereign Immunity===

==== a. Sources ====
Unlike certain other sources of immunity which are entirely treaty-based, foreign sovereign immunity derives from a general rule of customary international law. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' (''Germany v. Italy)'' case, the International Court of Justice provided guidance on the sources of this immunity when it looked for evidence of the content of the international rule of sovereign immunity. These sources included &quot;the judgments of national courts faced with the question whether a foreign State is immune, the legislation of those States which have enacted statutes dealing with immunity, [and] the claims to immunity advanced by States before foreign courts and the statements made by States&quot; in relation to adoption of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity.&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy, Greece Intervening), Judgment, ICJ Rep. 2012, para. 55. &lt;/ref&gt;

Some efforts towards codification have nonetheless been made. For example, the 1926 Brussels Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to the Immunity of State-Owned Ships provided rules of liability and immunity for various vessels owned or operated by States.&lt;ref&gt;See Peter-Tobias Still, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law (2011); see also European Convention on State Immunity (1972).&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning in 1978,

United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity (2004, not yet entered into force)

==== b. Nature and Application ====
With respect to the application of state immunity, it is clear that municipal courts must hear issues of State immunity before hearing the merits of the case.&lt;ref&gt;''Jurisdictional Immunities'' para. 82 &lt;/ref&gt; As the ICJ explained in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'', a &quot;national court is required to determine whether or not a foreign State is entitled to immunity as a matter of international law before it can hear the merits of the case brought before it and before the facts have been established.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 82&lt;/ref&gt; Reciprocity is not required; recognition also not required [  ]

A divergence of perspectives appears in the literature and case law over the nature of immunity, and thus the extent to which it is possible for courts to set it aside. Fox &amp; Webb suggest several models of immunity. On such model of state immunity sees immunity as a &quot;procedural plea, where a procedural/substantive distinction is used to restrict the scope of immunity and its impact on questions of substantive law.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hazel Fox &amp; Philippa Webb, The Law of State Immunity (Revised and Updated 3d Ed. 2015), p. 4. &lt;/ref&gt; In doing so, they point to ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' and ICJ statement that State immunity is of a procedural nature&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 93.&lt;/ref&gt; meaning that, according to them, &quot;immunity excludes questions as to the lawfulness of the act of a foreign State.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; The procedural view has the greatest potential to restrict immunity, particularly in comparison to [ ]. However, alternative [     ]

The rules on state immunity under international law have evolved considerably over the decades away from an absolute doctrine of state immunity and towards what is known as the &quot;restrictive&quot; doctrine, under which immunity is limited to public acts (''jure imperii)'', and not private or commercial acts (''jure gestionis''). A connection may be drawn between this development and the rise of global business and capitalism, as well as the growing role of governmental entities and State industries in business transactions.&lt;ref&gt;Maryam Jamshidi, &quot;The Political Economy of Foreign Sovereign Immunity,&quot; 73 Hastings Law Journal 585 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; 

The availability, scope, and application of additional exceptions to sovereign immunity has been subject to much debate. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' case, claims brought by Germany against Italy concerning Italian courts' decision not to apply immunity in proceedings against Germany for damages caused during WWII; rejected tort exception to immunity based on deportation of enforced labour of Italian nationals. State immunity for ''acta jure imperii'' even where acts take place on the territory of the forum State and for violations of ''jus cogens'' (para. 77, 97-101); ensuring discussion about obligation to make reparation for breaches of international law, including IHL


South Korea's Seoul Central District Court&lt;ref&gt;Seoul Central District Court, Joint Case No. 2016/505092 (Jan. 8, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt; 

Changi-Law fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Janeiro. concluded instead that &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima &amp; Aziz Tuffi Salita, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;  

case involving sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean peninsula before 1945&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's denial of Japan's immunity for international crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?, Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt;        

Brazilian Supreme Court&lt;ref&gt;Brazil Federal Supreme Court, ARE 954858/RJ (Aug. 23, 2021)&lt;/ref&gt; -- Changri-La fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Jeneiro brought by victims' relatives seeking compensation. &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;; characterized the act as war crime; based in part on provision of Brazilian Constitution .&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima and Aziz Tuffi Saliba, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;.  Ferrini Distomo cases ; Sentenza 238 of Italian Constitutional Court -- idea that constitutional considerations may prevail where there is a collision between immunity and &quot;supreme principles of the constitutional order&quot;   

sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula prior to 1945. Seoul Central District court ordered Japan to compensate twelve women.&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's Denial of Japan's Immunity for International Crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?&quot; Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt; Japan refused to participate. 


--issues remain as to scope of State agencies entitled to immunity and extent of acts considered non-immune on the basis of their commercial character

Courts in South Korea and Brazil have found no immunity with respect to claims based on ''jus cogens'' committed in the territory of those States&lt;ref&gt;Vessela Terzieva, &quot;State Immunity and Victims' Rights to Access to Court, Reparation, and the Truth,&quot; 22 Int'l Crim. L. Rev. 780, 781 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; -- victims' right of access to court ; Italian Constitutional Court in Judgment No. 238&lt;ref&gt;Italian Constitutional Court, Judgment No. 238 (Oct. 22, 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;

====  c. Key Issues ====   

recent examples of denial of immunity as a form of countermeasure?&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, State Immunity as a Tool of Foreign Policy: The Unanswered Question of ''Certain Iranian Assets'', 60 Va. J. Int'l L. 433 (2020)&lt;/ref&gt; Fox &amp; Webb suggest that the matter is &quot;questionable&quot; and note that the ICJ did not address the issue in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' because Italy had maintained that it was justified in denying immunity to Germany on the basis of an alleged exception for grave human rights violations&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;    

waiver; consent    

ECHR -- ''Waite and Kennedy''  -- availability of alternative avenues of redress    

''Mothers of Srebrenica''


state-owned enterprises, piercing corporate veil

balance with human rights / ECHR cases ''Al Adsani v. UK --'' state immunity and Article 6 ECHR


Tension with human rights and right to a remedy. -- jus cogens 

Justice Against State Sponsors of Terrorism (JASTA)   

''Certain Iranian Assets'' --terrorism-related judgments and asset attachments ; Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act, immunity of state-owned companies and Bank Markazi &quot;state-sponsors of terrorism&quot; exception as designated by Secretary of State   

===2. Foreign State Official Immunity ===
immunity granted to State officials is derivative of sovereign equality of States

--''Ratione personae --'' status-based immunity

--''Ratione materiae --'' immunity based on the nature of the act  


''Arrest Warrant'' case -- immunity from criminal jurisdiction of an incumbent minister of foreign affairs; issue of warrant for the arrest of a serving minister of another State; crimes against humanity; ICJ held that Belgium breached international law. 

troika --heads of state, heads of government; other ministers: minister for foreign affairs

''Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal)'' -- exercise of jurisdiction over former head of state; torture; obligation to prosecute or extradite when accused of serious crimes; ICJ deemed Senegal responsible for failing to take action in relation to alleged crimes of torture. 

--duty to waive

--Debate over ILC Draft Article 7 -- growing efforts to limit immunity in cases involving grave violation of human rights

--''Djubouti v. France --'' immunity of a visiting head of State; witness summons, notice to host State as condition of immunity;   


''Pinochet'' case 
 
UNCLOS and Convention on the High Seas -- immunities for warships or State-owned or operated vessels used for government purposes, 

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation      

Before int'l tribunals -- ''Arrest Warrant'' -- serving or former minister or head of State &quot;may be subject to criminal proceedings before certain international criminal courts, where they have jurisdiction. Rome Statute Article 27(2) -- provides that immunities which may attach to the official capacity of a person shall not bar the ICC from exercising jurisdiction over such a person. ICTY and ICTR Statutes, like Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, provide that immunity arising form a defendant's official capacity is not a defense. The issue remains unresolved, in part because ICTY &amp; ICTR set up under Chapter VII, and Nuremberg involved complete surrender    

--Convention on Special Missions (1985), pertaining to special missions sent by one State to another with the latter's consent. Persons on special missions are inviolable, not liable to arrest or detention, and immune from criminal jurisdiction          

==B. Diplomatic, Consular, and Related Immunities ==

Diplomatic and consular immunities can also be understood as deriving from the concepts of State sovereignty and the sovereign equality of States. Unlike sovereign immunity itself, and perhaps more in line with the immunity of State officials, the emphasis of diplomatic and related immunities is less on the dignity of the sovereign and more on the need to ensure the effective functioning of diplomatic missions, which are by nature tasked with operating outside of their home State territory. These immunities are grounded in a number of sources, including, most importantly, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963).  


inviolability -- Article 22 VCDR&lt;ref&gt;Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 500 UNTS 95, (1972) 23 UST 3227, TIAS No 7502, Art.22&lt;/ref&gt; -- (1) premises immune from search, attachment, etc.

--Service of Legal process  

(2) duty of receiving State to &quot;take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity&quot; ''Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran case''&lt;ref&gt;United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, United States v Iran, Merits, [1980] ICJ Rep 3, 24th May 1980.&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Obligation to &quot;respect and protect&quot; mission even if diplomatic relations cut&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 45(a)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Archives of diplomatic mission inviolable wherever and whenever they are located&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 24&lt;/ref&gt;

Diplomatic agents and private residence and property are inviolable&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Arts 29-30&lt;/ref&gt; 

Diplomatic agent also immune from criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 31&lt;/ref&gt;

--immunity from civil jurisdiction, but exceptions-- e.g. real property; 

waiver; ''persona non grata'' 

Debate over whether self-contained regime&lt;ref&gt;Rosanne van Alebeek, &quot;Immunity, Diplomatic,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 34.&lt;/ref&gt;

in contrast to heads of State, diplomatic agents possess privileges and immunities only in receiving State, and are only entitled to immunity in other States when transiting to and from post, not when traveling for private purposes.  

==C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations ==

International organizations (IOs) are also afforded privileges and immunities under a variety of legal instruments. Such immunities are granted to the extent necessary to enable IOs to effectively exercise their functions. IO immunities ensure the protection of IO headquarters, property, assets, and personnel carrying out the work of an IO. The purpose of such immunities is to enable IOs to carry out their work unimpeded by the unilateral influence of member States, including those Member States in which the IO physically operates or carries out work.     

Unlike State-derived immunities, the privileges and immunities of international organizations are principally rooted in treaties, including both multilateral and bilateral instruments.&lt;ref&gt;[cite]&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning with the United Nations (UN), Article 105(1) of the UN Charter provides that the UN &quot;shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.&quot; Likewise, under Article 105(2), the Charter further provides that representatives of UN Member States and UN officials shall enjoy &quot;such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.&quot; Such privileges privileges are thus typically understood to be &quot;functional&quot; in nature as they are ultimately held by the IO, or in this case, the UN itself, and granted only to the extent necessary for &quot;fulfilment&quot; of the the organization's &quot;purposes&quot; and the &quot;functions.&quot; 

In order to clarify the details of this grant of privileges and immunities, Article 105(3) authorized the General Assembly to make recommendations and propose conventions further specifying the nature and extent of UN privileges and immunities. Two such conventions have been widely adopted: the General Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946), and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (1947). Included within these are provisions providing immunities for State representatives of member States participating in the work of the UN, experts on mission, and the personnel of the organization, as well as various provisions on currency exchange, taxation, and entrance. It remains an ongoing question whether any IO immunities can be sourced in custom.&lt;ref&gt;See Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 163&lt;/ref&gt;

A number of international organizations enjoy a broad immunities, typically stated as immunity from &quot;every form of legal process,&quot; though some organizations, such as the World Bank enjoy more restricted immunity on account of their more routine transacting with private parties. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 8; ''see also Cumaraswamy.''&lt;/ref&gt; --Experts on Mission (quasi-diplomatic immunity) ''Mazilu'' and ''Cumaraswamy'' 

Constitutive Instruments

Host-State &amp; Headquarters Agreements -- supplement immunities provided for by UN conventions; key examples are headquarters agreement with the U.S. for UN headquarters in New York and with Switzerland concerning the UN Office in Geneva    

--functional vs. absolute    ''Jam'' ''v. International Finance Corporation''&lt;ref&gt;Jam v. IFC, 139 S. Ct. 759 (2019)&lt;/ref&gt; case)

-- restrictive doctrine? Most academics maintaining that the doctrine of restrictive immunity developed in relation to States is not simply transferrable to IOs.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), paras. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; With respect to State practice, Italy and the U.S. are understood to serve as outliers.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;  IOIA &quot;shall enjoy the same immunity from suit and every form of judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments&quot;&lt;ref&gt;22 U.S.C. § 288a(b)&lt;/ref&gt;        

--similar to diplomatic immunities, IOs enjoy inviolability of premises and archives  

--concerns for abuse 

In terms of operation, domestic legislation in some States may give effect to various IO immunities, such as for example the U.S. International Organizations Immunities Act (1945), and the U.K. International Organizations Act (1968). In relation to the practical application of immunities, the role of the UN Secretariat of

--role of the UN Secretary General in determining whether an individual has acted within his capacity within the IO 

Depending on the exact nature of the immunities in question, and the domestic legal system involved, States may need to intervene to assert immunities.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. municipal courts have an obligation to decide with the question of immunity from legal process as a preliminary issue &quot;expeditiously ''ex limine litis''&quot;. 
''Cumaraswamy''&lt;ref&gt;''Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission of Human Rights'', Advisory Opinion, 29 April 1999, ICJ Rep. 1999, p. 62, para. 67 &lt;/ref&gt;  --''Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of the UN Headquarters Agreement''


Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations was not well received and has not entered into force.  
  
Questions of waiver in the context of contracts and arbitration


''PAHO v. Rodriguez'' (D.C. Cir. 2022)


Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the IAEA

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea -- privileges and immunities for regional fisheries management organizations


== D. Other Issues ==

Apart from those mentioned above, a few additional immunities deserve mention. The first concerns immunities which may be provided for in status of forces agreements (SOFAs). For example [ ]     []  Such agreements are typically arranged on a bilateral basis and [] 

Also relevant to the conduct of military forces are immunities pertaining to participants in armed conflict, as well as the potential role of immunities before international courts and tribunals. Beginning with the first issue, combatant immunity refers to the rule of international humanitarian law (IHL) barring the prosecution of combatants for merely participating in hostilities. This means that combatants remain immune from prosecution for offenses permitted by IHL, such as murder of enemy forces. Combatant immunity does not apply, however, to shield a combatant from accountability for war crimes. [ ]

In recent years, an important debate in the field of international law has centered on the question of the availability of immunities before international courts and tribunals. The traditional view is that official capacity of a defendant is irrelevant to his prosecution for international crimes. As provided for in Article 27(1) of the Rome Statute, the status of an individual as a head of State of government, member of government, or other elected person &quot;shall in no case exempt a person from criminal responsibility&quot; under the Rome Statute. Further, as indicated in Article 27(2), &quot;[I]mmunities or special procedural rules which may attach to the official capacity of a person, whether under national or international law, shall not bar the Court from exercising its jurisdiction over such a person.&quot; Such rules are similarly found in [ ]  Despite these provisions, considerable controversy has arisen over the issue of whether high-ranking officials of non-State parties to the Rome Statute are nonetheless entitled to immunities owed to such persons in the territory of foreign States, as discussed above. 

In connection with this debate, the effort by the United States to conclude a host of bilateral immunity agreements whereby such contracting States agreed to prevent ICC from exercising jurisdiction over U.S. personnel reflects a further effort to use immunity to shield State actors from accountability.

 &lt;references /&gt;

==Further Readings==
* Source I
* Source II


&lt;!--Please do not delete the part under this comment--&gt;  
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-End}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>98c8unqae7sk5alyo75tt3x1lv5qakl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088415</id>
      <parentid>4088413</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T02:50:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2603:7000:8B02:8B63:F59F:7BD4:1C8E:B5D0</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26242" xml:space="preserve">&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-Top}}
&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!--Please do not delete the part above this comment--&gt;  

{{Template:OpenRewi/WIP}}&lt;!--You can delete this template as soon as your text is (provisionally) finished--&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Author:''' Jane Doe&lt;!--Please enter the author names and/or link users here--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;   
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Required knowledge:''' Link&lt;!--Please insert links to other parts of the book or other books that are needed as prior knowledge--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Learning objectives:''' Understanding XY.&lt;!--Please enter the learning objective for your chapter--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;

{{OpenRewi/Advanced|Reference=Example|Content=This is your advanced content. You can create this text box using our template &quot;Advanced&quot;. How to do this is described [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Writing|here]].}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Example|Content=This is your example.|Reference=example topic}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Test|Link=https://openrewi.org/en/projects/project-public-international-law/history-theory-methods/#PIL-test}}


This chapter provides a general overview of the various types of immunities owed under international law. 

==A. State-Derived Immunities ==
The immunities owed under international law to States and their officials, as well as diplomatic and other special missions, derive from a combination of principles in international law, including the sovereign equality of States, non-interference, and State sovereignty.&lt;ref&gt;Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law 697 (6th ed. 2008). &lt;/ref&gt; Immunity refers to protection from the courts of another State and pertains to both adjudicative and enforcement jurisdiction, for which varying rules may apply.&lt;ref&gt;Foxx &amp; Webb, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt; In general, immunities may apply in civil, criminal, and administrative legal proceedings.&lt;ref&gt;Peter-Tobias Stoll, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (April 2011), para. 1. &lt;/ref&gt; At its core, sovereign immunity derives from the principle (''par in parem non habet imperium)'' that one soveriegn, acting within its territory, should not have jurisdiction over another. &lt;ref&gt;Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 433.&lt;/ref&gt; 

While state immunity exists as a rule of international law, it is most often implemented at the municipal level, and most commonly through municipal courts.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt; Accordingly, reference to the practice of such courts and tribunals around the globe is of particular importance to understanding the nature and application of immunities. At the same time, municipal courts are by no means the only relevant actors influencing the law of state immunity. While there has been a strong shift in recent decades towards greater recognition of the role of independent judiciary in determining the application of immunities, issues of foreign sovereign immunity have until recently often been considered to fall under prerogative of the executive, which in some legal systems continues to play a role in its application.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt;  At a practical level, however, it is possible to say that today nearly all branches of municipal government have the potential to implicate or effect immunities issues, whether through legislation, decisions to prosecute or investigate officials, or decisions to recognize foreign governments, to name only a few examples. 

Despite the relevance of municipal entities in effectuating state immunity, it is important to recognize that as a binding rule of international law, state immunity is more than merely the concept of comity, by which municipal courts simply decline to hear certain disputes as an exercise of their discretion, let alone merely a matter of foreign policy. Indeed, immunities owed to States and state officials must be respected as a rule of international law, and violation of such immunities may accordingly give rise to State responsibility.&lt;ref /&gt; Moreover, while subject to much debate, issues of state immunity may also arise on the international plane, for example where a state official faces prosecution before an international tribunal, as discussed below. 

===I. Foreign Sovereign Immunity===

==== a. Sources ====
Unlike certain other sources of immunity which are entirely treaty-based, foreign sovereign immunity derives from a general rule of customary international law. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' (''Germany v. Italy)'' case, the International Court of Justice provided guidance on the sources of this immunity when it looked for evidence of the content of the international rule of sovereign immunity. These sources included &quot;the judgments of national courts faced with the question whether a foreign State is immune, the legislation of those States which have enacted statutes dealing with immunity, [and] the claims to immunity advanced by States before foreign courts and the statements made by States&quot; in relation to adoption of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity.&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy, Greece Intervening), Judgment, ICJ Rep. 2012, para. 55. &lt;/ref&gt;

Some efforts towards codification have nonetheless been made. For example, the 1926 Brussels Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to the Immunity of State-Owned Ships provided rules of liability and immunity for various vessels owned or operated by States.&lt;ref&gt;See Peter-Tobias Still, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law (2011); see also European Convention on State Immunity (1972).&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning in 1978,

United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity (2004, not yet entered into force)

==== b. Nature and Application ====
With respect to the application of state immunity, it is clear that municipal courts must hear issues of State immunity before hearing the merits of the case.&lt;ref&gt;''Jurisdictional Immunities'' para. 82 &lt;/ref&gt; As the ICJ explained in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'', a &quot;national court is required to determine whether or not a foreign State is entitled to immunity as a matter of international law before it can hear the merits of the case brought before it and before the facts have been established.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 82&lt;/ref&gt; Reciprocity is not required; recognition also not required [  ]

A divergence of perspectives appears in the literature and case law over the nature of immunity, and thus the extent to which it is possible for courts to set it aside. Fox &amp; Webb suggest several models of immunity. On such model of state immunity sees immunity as a &quot;procedural plea, where a procedural/substantive distinction is used to restrict the scope of immunity and its impact on questions of substantive law.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hazel Fox &amp; Philippa Webb, The Law of State Immunity (Revised and Updated 3d Ed. 2015), p. 4. &lt;/ref&gt; In doing so, they point to ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' and ICJ statement that State immunity is of a procedural nature&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 93.&lt;/ref&gt; meaning that, according to them, &quot;immunity excludes questions as to the lawfulness of the act of a foreign State.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; The procedural view has the greatest potential to restrict immunity, particularly in comparison to [ ]. However, alternative [     ]

The rules on state immunity under international law have evolved considerably over the decades away from an absolute doctrine of state immunity and towards what is known as the &quot;restrictive&quot; doctrine, under which immunity is limited to public acts (''jure imperii)'', and not private or commercial acts (''jure gestionis''). A connection may be drawn between this development and the rise of global business and capitalism, as well as the growing role of governmental entities and State industries in business transactions.&lt;ref&gt;Maryam Jamshidi, &quot;The Political Economy of Foreign Sovereign Immunity,&quot; 73 Hastings Law Journal 585 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; 

The availability, scope, and application of additional exceptions to sovereign immunity has been subject to much debate. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' case, claims brought by Germany against Italy concerning Italian courts' decision not to apply immunity in proceedings against Germany for damages caused during WWII; rejected tort exception to immunity based on deportation of enforced labour of Italian nationals. State immunity for ''acta jure imperii'' even where acts take place on the territory of the forum State and for violations of ''jus cogens'' (para. 77, 97-101); ensuring discussion about obligation to make reparation for breaches of international law, including IHL


South Korea's Seoul Central District Court&lt;ref&gt;Seoul Central District Court, Joint Case No. 2016/505092 (Jan. 8, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt; 

Changi-Law fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Janeiro. concluded instead that &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima &amp; Aziz Tuffi Salita, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;  

case involving sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean peninsula before 1945&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's denial of Japan's immunity for international crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?, Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt;        

Brazilian Supreme Court&lt;ref&gt;Brazil Federal Supreme Court, ARE 954858/RJ (Aug. 23, 2021)&lt;/ref&gt; -- Changri-La fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Jeneiro brought by victims' relatives seeking compensation. &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;; characterized the act as war crime; based in part on provision of Brazilian Constitution .&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima and Aziz Tuffi Saliba, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;.  Ferrini Distomo cases ; Sentenza 238 of Italian Constitutional Court -- idea that constitutional considerations may prevail where there is a collision between immunity and &quot;supreme principles of the constitutional order&quot;   

sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula prior to 1945. Seoul Central District court ordered Japan to compensate twelve women.&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's Denial of Japan's Immunity for International Crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?&quot; Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt; Japan refused to participate. 


--issues remain as to scope of State agencies entitled to immunity and extent of acts considered non-immune on the basis of their commercial character

Courts in South Korea and Brazil have found no immunity with respect to claims based on ''jus cogens'' committed in the territory of those States&lt;ref&gt;Vessela Terzieva, &quot;State Immunity and Victims' Rights to Access to Court, Reparation, and the Truth,&quot; 22 Int'l Crim. L. Rev. 780, 781 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; -- victims' right of access to court ; Italian Constitutional Court in Judgment No. 238&lt;ref&gt;Italian Constitutional Court, Judgment No. 238 (Oct. 22, 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;

====  c. Key Issues ====   

recent examples of denial of immunity as a form of countermeasure?&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, State Immunity as a Tool of Foreign Policy: The Unanswered Question of ''Certain Iranian Assets'', 60 Va. J. Int'l L. 433 (2020)&lt;/ref&gt; Fox &amp; Webb suggest that the matter is &quot;questionable&quot; and note that the ICJ did not address the issue in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' because Italy had maintained that it was justified in denying immunity to Germany on the basis of an alleged exception for grave human rights violations&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;    

waiver; consent    

ECHR -- ''Waite and Kennedy''  -- availability of alternative avenues of redress    

''Mothers of Srebrenica''


state-owned enterprises, piercing corporate veil

balance with human rights / ECHR cases ''Al Adsani v. UK --'' state immunity and Article 6 ECHR


Possibility of implicit waiver -- question of the relevance of NY Convention, ICSID Convention etc. ; Reference to settling a dispute under domestic law usually not enough.


Tension with human rights and right to a remedy. -- jus cogens 

Justice Against State Sponsors of Terrorism (JASTA)   

''Certain Iranian Assets'' --terrorism-related judgments and asset attachments ; Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act, immunity of state-owned companies and Bank Markazi &quot;state-sponsors of terrorism&quot; exception as designated by Secretary of State   

===2. Foreign State Official Immunity ===
immunity granted to State officials is derivative of sovereign equality of States

--''Ratione personae --'' status-based immunity

--''Ratione materiae --'' immunity based on the nature of the act  


''Arrest Warrant'' case -- immunity from criminal jurisdiction of an incumbent minister of foreign affairs; issue of warrant for the arrest of a serving minister of another State; crimes against humanity; ICJ held that Belgium breached international law. 

troika --heads of state, heads of government; other ministers: minister for foreign affairs

''Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal)'' -- exercise of jurisdiction over former head of state; torture; obligation to prosecute or extradite when accused of serious crimes; ICJ deemed Senegal responsible for failing to take action in relation to alleged crimes of torture. 

--duty to waive

--Debate over ILC Draft Article 7 -- growing efforts to limit immunity in cases involving grave violation of human rights

--''Djubouti v. France --'' immunity of a visiting head of State; witness summons, notice to host State as condition of immunity;   


''Pinochet'' case 
 
UNCLOS and Convention on the High Seas -- immunities for warships or State-owned or operated vessels used for government purposes, 

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation      

Before int'l tribunals -- ''Arrest Warrant'' -- serving or former minister or head of State &quot;may be subject to criminal proceedings before certain international criminal courts, where they have jurisdiction. Rome Statute Article 27(2) -- provides that immunities which may attach to the official capacity of a person shall not bar the ICC from exercising jurisdiction over such a person. ICTY and ICTR Statutes, like Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, provide that immunity arising form a defendant's official capacity is not a defense. The issue remains unresolved, in part because ICTY &amp; ICTR set up under Chapter VII, and Nuremberg involved complete surrender    

--Convention on Special Missions (1985), pertaining to special missions sent by one State to another with the latter's consent. Persons on special missions are inviolable, not liable to arrest or detention, and immune from criminal jurisdiction          

==B. Diplomatic, Consular, and Related Immunities ==

Diplomatic and consular immunities can also be understood as deriving from the concepts of State sovereignty and the sovereign equality of States. Unlike sovereign immunity itself, and perhaps more in line with the immunity of State officials, the emphasis of diplomatic and related immunities is less on the dignity of the sovereign and more on the need to ensure the effective functioning of diplomatic missions, which are by nature tasked with operating outside of their home State territory. These immunities are grounded in a number of sources, including, most importantly, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963).  


inviolability -- Article 22 VCDR&lt;ref&gt;Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 500 UNTS 95, (1972) 23 UST 3227, TIAS No 7502, Art.22&lt;/ref&gt; -- (1) premises immune from search, attachment, etc.

--Service of Legal process  

(2) duty of receiving State to &quot;take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity&quot; ''Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran case''&lt;ref&gt;United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, United States v Iran, Merits, [1980] ICJ Rep 3, 24th May 1980.&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Obligation to &quot;respect and protect&quot; mission even if diplomatic relations cut&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 45(a)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Archives of diplomatic mission inviolable wherever and whenever they are located&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 24&lt;/ref&gt;

Diplomatic agents and private residence and property are inviolable&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Arts 29-30&lt;/ref&gt; 

Diplomatic agent also immune from criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 31&lt;/ref&gt;

--immunity from civil jurisdiction, but exceptions-- e.g. real property; 

waiver; ''persona non grata'' 

Debate over whether self-contained regime&lt;ref&gt;Rosanne van Alebeek, &quot;Immunity, Diplomatic,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 34.&lt;/ref&gt;

in contrast to heads of State, diplomatic agents possess privileges and immunities only in receiving State, and are only entitled to immunity in other States when transiting to and from post, not when traveling for private purposes.  

==C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations ==

International organizations (IOs) are also afforded privileges and immunities under a variety of legal instruments. Such immunities are granted to the extent necessary to enable IOs to effectively exercise their functions. IO immunities ensure the protection of IO headquarters, property, assets, and personnel carrying out the work of an IO. The purpose of such immunities is to enable IOs to carry out their work unimpeded by the unilateral influence of member States, including those Member States in which the IO physically operates or carries out work.     

Unlike State-derived immunities, the privileges and immunities of international organizations are principally rooted in treaties, including both multilateral and bilateral instruments.&lt;ref&gt;[cite]&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning with the United Nations (UN), Article 105(1) of the UN Charter provides that the UN &quot;shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.&quot; Likewise, under Article 105(2), the Charter further provides that representatives of UN Member States and UN officials shall enjoy &quot;such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.&quot; Such privileges privileges are thus typically understood to be &quot;functional&quot; in nature as they are ultimately held by the IO, or in this case, the UN itself, and granted only to the extent necessary for &quot;fulfilment&quot; of the the organization's &quot;purposes&quot; and the &quot;functions.&quot; 

In order to clarify the details of this grant of privileges and immunities, Article 105(3) authorized the General Assembly to make recommendations and propose conventions further specifying the nature and extent of UN privileges and immunities. Two such conventions have been widely adopted: the General Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946), and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (1947). Included within these are provisions providing immunities for State representatives of member States participating in the work of the UN, experts on mission, and the personnel of the organization, as well as various provisions on currency exchange, taxation, and entrance. It remains an ongoing question whether any IO immunities can be sourced in custom.&lt;ref&gt;See Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 163&lt;/ref&gt;

A number of international organizations enjoy a broad immunities, typically stated as immunity from &quot;every form of legal process,&quot; though some organizations, such as the World Bank enjoy more restricted immunity on account of their more routine transacting with private parties. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 8; ''see also Cumaraswamy.''&lt;/ref&gt; --Experts on Mission (quasi-diplomatic immunity) ''Mazilu'' and ''Cumaraswamy'' 

Constitutive Instruments

Host-State &amp; Headquarters Agreements -- supplement immunities provided for by UN conventions; key examples are headquarters agreement with the U.S. for UN headquarters in New York and with Switzerland concerning the UN Office in Geneva            

--functional vs. absolute    ''Jam'' ''v. International Finance Corporation''&lt;ref&gt;Jam v. IFC, 139 S. Ct. 759 (2019)&lt;/ref&gt; case and commercial activity exception

-- restrictive doctrine? Most academics maintaining that the doctrine of restrictive immunity developed in relation to States is not simply transferrable to IOs.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), paras. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; With respect to State practice, Italy and the U.S. are understood to serve as outliers.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;  IOIA &quot;shall enjoy the same immunity from suit and every form of judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments&quot;&lt;ref&gt;22 U.S.C. § 288a(b)&lt;/ref&gt;        

--similar to diplomatic immunities, IOs enjoy inviolability of premises and archives  

--concerns for abuse 

Italy also followed the restrictive approach prior to ratifying the Specialized Agencies Convention&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (July 2009), paras. 18-19.&lt;/ref&gt;  

In terms of operation, domestic legislation in some States may give effect to various IO immunities, such as for example the U.S. International Organizations Immunities Act (1945), and the U.K. International Organizations Act (1968). In relation to the practical application of immunities, the role of the UN Secretariat of

--role of the UN Secretary General in determining whether an individual has acted within his capacity within the IO; duty to waive 

Depending on the exact nature of the immunities in question, and the domestic legal system involved, States may need to intervene to assert immunities.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. municipal courts have an obligation to decide with the question of immunity from legal process as a preliminary issue &quot;expeditiously ''ex limine litis''&quot;. 
''Cumaraswamy''&lt;ref&gt;''Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission of Human Rights'', Advisory Opinion, 29 April 1999, ICJ Rep. 1999, p. 62, para. 67 &lt;/ref&gt;  --''Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of the UN Headquarters Agreement''


Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations was not well received and has not entered into force.  
  
Questions of waiver in the context of contracts and arbitration -- some constitutive instruments provide this waiver. ''Mendaro'' case in D.C

--issue of disputes between employees and the IO


''PAHO v. Rodriguez'' (D.C. Cir. 2022)


Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the IAEA

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea provides privileges and immunities for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea&lt;ref&gt;UNCLOS Annex VI.&lt;/ref&gt;


== D. Other Issues ==

Apart from those mentioned above, a few additional immunities deserve mention. The first concerns immunities which may be provided for in status of forces agreements (SOFAs). For example [ ]     []  Such agreements are typically arranged on a bilateral basis and [] 

Also relevant to the conduct of military forces are immunities pertaining to participants in armed conflict, as well as the potential role of immunities before international courts and tribunals. Beginning with the first issue, combatant immunity refers to the rule of international humanitarian law (IHL) barring the prosecution of combatants for merely participating in hostilities. This means that combatants remain immune from prosecution for offenses permitted by IHL, such as murder of enemy forces. Combatant immunity does not apply, however, to shield a combatant from accountability for war crimes. [ ]

In recent years, an important debate in the field of international law has centered on the question of the availability of immunities before international courts and tribunals. The traditional view is that official capacity of a defendant is irrelevant to his prosecution for international crimes. As provided for in Article 27(1) of the Rome Statute, the status of an individual as a head of State of government, member of government, or other elected person &quot;shall in no case exempt a person from criminal responsibility&quot; under the Rome Statute. Further, as indicated in Article 27(2), &quot;[I]mmunities or special procedural rules which may attach to the official capacity of a person, whether under national or international law, shall not bar the Court from exercising its jurisdiction over such a person.&quot; Such rules are similarly found in [ ]  Despite these provisions, considerable controversy has arisen over the issue of whether high-ranking officials of non-State parties to the Rome Statute are nonetheless entitled to immunities owed to such persons in the territory of foreign States, as discussed above. 

In connection with this debate, the effort by the United States to conclude a host of bilateral immunity agreements whereby such contracting States agreed to prevent ICC from exercising jurisdiction over U.S. personnel reflects a further effort to use immunity to shield State actors from accountability.

 &lt;references /&gt;

==Further Readings==
* Source I
* Source II


&lt;!--Please do not delete the part under this comment--&gt;  
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-End}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>0e49rqas9eotw27ar5xdg64yxpmgzbs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088418</id>
      <parentid>4088415</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T02:56:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2603:7000:8B02:8B63:F59F:7BD4:1C8E:B5D0</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26476" xml:space="preserve">&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-Top}}
&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!--Please do not delete the part above this comment--&gt;  

{{Template:OpenRewi/WIP}}&lt;!--You can delete this template as soon as your text is (provisionally) finished--&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Author:''' Jane Doe&lt;!--Please enter the author names and/or link users here--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;   
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Required knowledge:''' Link&lt;!--Please insert links to other parts of the book or other books that are needed as prior knowledge--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Learning objectives:''' Understanding XY.&lt;!--Please enter the learning objective for your chapter--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;

{{OpenRewi/Advanced|Reference=Example|Content=This is your advanced content. You can create this text box using our template &quot;Advanced&quot;. How to do this is described [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Writing|here]].}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Example|Content=This is your example.|Reference=example topic}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Test|Link=https://openrewi.org/en/projects/project-public-international-law/history-theory-methods/#PIL-test}}


This chapter provides a general overview of the various types of immunities owed under international law. 

==A. State-Derived Immunities ==
The immunities owed under international law to States and their officials, as well as diplomatic and other special missions, derive from a combination of principles in international law, including the sovereign equality of States, non-interference, and State sovereignty.&lt;ref&gt;Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law 697 (6th ed. 2008). &lt;/ref&gt; Immunity refers to protection from the courts of another State and pertains to both adjudicative and enforcement jurisdiction, for which varying rules may apply.&lt;ref&gt;Foxx &amp; Webb, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt; In general, immunities may apply in civil, criminal, and administrative legal proceedings.&lt;ref&gt;Peter-Tobias Stoll, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (April 2011), para. 1. &lt;/ref&gt; At its core, sovereign immunity derives from the principle (''par in parem non habet imperium)'' that one soveriegn, acting within its territory, should not have jurisdiction over another. &lt;ref&gt;Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 433.&lt;/ref&gt; 

While state immunity exists as a rule of international law, it is most often implemented at the municipal level, and most commonly through municipal courts.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt; Accordingly, reference to the practice of such courts and tribunals around the globe is of particular importance to understanding the nature and application of immunities. At the same time, municipal courts are by no means the only relevant actors influencing the law of state immunity. While there has been a strong shift in recent decades towards greater recognition of the role of independent judiciary in determining the application of immunities, issues of foreign sovereign immunity have until recently often been considered to fall under prerogative of the executive, which in some legal systems continues to play a role in its application.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt;  At a practical level, however, it is possible to say that today nearly all branches of municipal government have the potential to implicate or effect immunities issues, whether through legislation, decisions to prosecute or investigate officials, or decisions to recognize foreign governments, to name only a few examples. 

Despite the relevance of municipal entities in effectuating state immunity, it is important to recognize that as a binding rule of international law, state immunity is more than merely the concept of comity, by which municipal courts simply decline to hear certain disputes as an exercise of their discretion, let alone merely a matter of foreign policy. Indeed, immunities owed to States and state officials must be respected as a rule of international law, and violation of such immunities may accordingly give rise to State responsibility.&lt;ref /&gt; Moreover, while subject to much debate, issues of state immunity may also arise on the international plane, for example where a state official faces prosecution before an international tribunal, as discussed below. 

===I. Foreign Sovereign Immunity===

==== a. Sources ====
Unlike certain other sources of immunity which are entirely treaty-based, foreign sovereign immunity derives from a general rule of customary international law. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' (''Germany v. Italy)'' case, the International Court of Justice provided guidance on the sources of this immunity when it looked for evidence of the content of the international rule of sovereign immunity. These sources included &quot;the judgments of national courts faced with the question whether a foreign State is immune, the legislation of those States which have enacted statutes dealing with immunity, [and] the claims to immunity advanced by States before foreign courts and the statements made by States&quot; in relation to adoption of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity.&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy, Greece Intervening), Judgment, ICJ Rep. 2012, para. 55. &lt;/ref&gt;

Some efforts towards codification have nonetheless been made. For example, the 1926 Brussels Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to the Immunity of State-Owned Ships provided rules of liability and immunity for various vessels owned or operated by States.&lt;ref&gt;See Peter-Tobias Still, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law (2011); see also European Convention on State Immunity (1972).&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning in 1978,

United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity (2004, not yet entered into force)

==== b. Nature and Application ====
With respect to the application of state immunity, it is clear that municipal courts must hear issues of State immunity before hearing the merits of the case.&lt;ref&gt;''Jurisdictional Immunities'' para. 82 &lt;/ref&gt; As the ICJ explained in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'', a &quot;national court is required to determine whether or not a foreign State is entitled to immunity as a matter of international law before it can hear the merits of the case brought before it and before the facts have been established.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 82&lt;/ref&gt; Reciprocity is not required; recognition also not required [  ]

A divergence of perspectives appears in the literature and case law over the nature of immunity, and thus the extent to which it is possible for courts to set it aside. Fox &amp; Webb suggest several models of immunity. On such model of state immunity sees immunity as a &quot;procedural plea, where a procedural/substantive distinction is used to restrict the scope of immunity and its impact on questions of substantive law.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hazel Fox &amp; Philippa Webb, The Law of State Immunity (Revised and Updated 3d Ed. 2015), p. 4. &lt;/ref&gt; In doing so, they point to ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' and ICJ statement that State immunity is of a procedural nature&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 93.&lt;/ref&gt; meaning that, according to them, &quot;immunity excludes questions as to the lawfulness of the act of a foreign State.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; The procedural view has the greatest potential to restrict immunity, particularly in comparison to [ ]. However, alternative [     ]

The rules on state immunity under international law have evolved considerably over the decades away from an absolute doctrine of state immunity and towards what is known as the &quot;restrictive&quot; doctrine, under which immunity is limited to public acts (''jure imperii)'', and not private or commercial acts (''jure gestionis''). A connection may be drawn between this development and the rise of global business and capitalism, as well as the growing role of governmental entities and State industries in business transactions.&lt;ref&gt;Maryam Jamshidi, &quot;The Political Economy of Foreign Sovereign Immunity,&quot; 73 Hastings Law Journal 585 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; 

The availability, scope, and application of additional exceptions to sovereign immunity has been subject to much debate. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' case, claims brought by Germany against Italy concerning Italian courts' decision not to apply immunity in proceedings against Germany for damages caused during WWII; rejected tort exception to immunity based on deportation of enforced labour of Italian nationals. State immunity for ''acta jure imperii'' even where acts take place on the territory of the forum State and for violations of ''jus cogens'' (para. 77, 97-101); ensuring discussion about obligation to make reparation for breaches of international law, including IHL


South Korea's Seoul Central District Court&lt;ref&gt;Seoul Central District Court, Joint Case No. 2016/505092 (Jan. 8, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt; 

Changi-Law fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Janeiro. concluded instead that &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima &amp; Aziz Tuffi Salita, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;  

case involving sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean peninsula before 1945&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's denial of Japan's immunity for international crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?, Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt;        

Brazilian Supreme Court&lt;ref&gt;Brazil Federal Supreme Court, ARE 954858/RJ (Aug. 23, 2021)&lt;/ref&gt; -- Changri-La fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Jeneiro brought by victims' relatives seeking compensation. &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;; characterized the act as war crime; based in part on provision of Brazilian Constitution .&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima and Aziz Tuffi Saliba, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;.  Ferrini Distomo cases ; Sentenza 238 of Italian Constitutional Court -- idea that constitutional considerations may prevail where there is a collision between immunity and &quot;supreme principles of the constitutional order&quot;   

sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula prior to 1945. Seoul Central District court ordered Japan to compensate twelve women.&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's Denial of Japan's Immunity for International Crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?&quot; Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt; Japan refused to participate. 


--issues remain as to scope of State agencies entitled to immunity and extent of acts considered non-immune on the basis of their commercial character

Courts in South Korea and Brazil have found no immunity with respect to claims based on ''jus cogens'' committed in the territory of those States&lt;ref&gt;Vessela Terzieva, &quot;State Immunity and Victims' Rights to Access to Court, Reparation, and the Truth,&quot; 22 Int'l Crim. L. Rev. 780, 781 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; -- victims' right of access to court ; Italian Constitutional Court in Judgment No. 238&lt;ref&gt;Italian Constitutional Court, Judgment No. 238 (Oct. 22, 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;

====  c. Key Issues ====   

recent examples of denial of immunity as a form of countermeasure?&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, State Immunity as a Tool of Foreign Policy: The Unanswered Question of ''Certain Iranian Assets'', 60 Va. J. Int'l L. 433 (2020)&lt;/ref&gt; Fox &amp; Webb suggest that the matter is &quot;questionable&quot; and note that the ICJ did not address the issue in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' because Italy had maintained that it was justified in denying immunity to Germany on the basis of an alleged exception for grave human rights violations&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;    

waiver; consent    

ECHR -- ''Waite and Kennedy''  -- availability of alternative avenues of redress    

''Mothers of Srebrenica''


state-owned enterprises, piercing corporate veil

balance with human rights / ECHR cases ''Al Adsani v. UK --'' state immunity and Article 6 ECHR


Possibility of implicit waiver -- question of the relevance of NY Convention, ICSID Convention etc. ; Reference to settling a dispute under domestic law usually not enough.


Tension with human rights and right to a remedy. -- jus cogens 

Justice Against State Sponsors of Terrorism (JASTA)   

''Certain Iranian Assets'' --terrorism-related judgments and asset attachments ; Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act, immunity of state-owned companies and Bank Markazi &quot;state-sponsors of terrorism&quot; exception as designated by Secretary of State   

===2. Foreign State Official Immunity ===
immunity granted to State officials is derivative of sovereign equality of States

--''Ratione personae --'' status-based immunity

--''Ratione materiae --'' immunity based on the nature of the act  


''Arrest Warrant'' case -- immunity from criminal jurisdiction of an incumbent minister of foreign affairs; issue of warrant for the arrest of a serving minister of another State; crimes against humanity; ICJ held that Belgium breached international law. 

troika --heads of state, heads of government; other ministers: minister for foreign affairs

''Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal)'' -- exercise of jurisdiction over former head of state; torture; obligation to prosecute or extradite when accused of serious crimes; ICJ deemed Senegal responsible for failing to take action in relation to alleged crimes of torture. 

--duty to waive

--Debate over ILC Draft Article 7 -- growing efforts to limit immunity in cases involving grave violation of human rights

--''Djubouti v. France --'' immunity of a visiting head of State; witness summons, notice to host State as condition of immunity;   


''Pinochet'' case 
 
UNCLOS and Convention on the High Seas -- immunities for warships or State-owned or operated vessels used for government purposes, 

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation      

Before int'l tribunals -- ''Arrest Warrant'' -- serving or former minister or head of State &quot;may be subject to criminal proceedings before certain international criminal courts, where they have jurisdiction. Rome Statute Article 27(2) -- provides that immunities which may attach to the official capacity of a person shall not bar the ICC from exercising jurisdiction over such a person. ICTY and ICTR Statutes, like Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, provide that immunity arising form a defendant's official capacity is not a defense. The issue remains unresolved, in part because ICTY &amp; ICTR set up under Chapter VII, and Nuremberg involved complete surrender    

--Convention on Special Missions (1985), pertaining to special missions sent by one State to another with the latter's consent. Persons on special missions are inviolable, not liable to arrest or detention, and immune from criminal jurisdiction          

==B. Diplomatic, Consular, and Related Immunities ==

Diplomatic and consular immunities can also be understood as deriving from the concepts of State sovereignty and the sovereign equality of States. Unlike sovereign immunity itself, and perhaps more in line with the immunity of State officials, the emphasis of diplomatic and related immunities is less on the dignity of the sovereign and more on the need to ensure the effective functioning of diplomatic missions, which are by nature tasked with operating outside of their home State territory. These immunities are grounded in a number of sources, including, most importantly, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963).  


inviolability -- Article 22 VCDR&lt;ref&gt;Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 500 UNTS 95, (1972) 23 UST 3227, TIAS No 7502, Art.22&lt;/ref&gt; -- (1) premises immune from search, attachment, etc.

--Service of Legal process  

(2) duty of receiving State to &quot;take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity&quot; ''Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran case''&lt;ref&gt;United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, United States v Iran, Merits, [1980] ICJ Rep 3, 24th May 1980.&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Obligation to &quot;respect and protect&quot; mission even if diplomatic relations cut&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 45(a)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Archives of diplomatic mission inviolable wherever and whenever they are located&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 24&lt;/ref&gt;

Diplomatic agents and private residence and property are inviolable&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Arts 29-30&lt;/ref&gt; 

Diplomatic agent also immune from criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 31&lt;/ref&gt;

--immunity from civil jurisdiction, but exceptions-- e.g. real property; 

waiver; ''persona non grata'' 

Debate over whether self-contained regime&lt;ref&gt;Rosanne van Alebeek, &quot;Immunity, Diplomatic,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 34.&lt;/ref&gt;

in contrast to heads of State, diplomatic agents possess privileges and immunities only in receiving State, and are only entitled to immunity in other States when transiting to and from post, not when traveling for private purposes.  

==C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations ==

International organizations (IOs) are also afforded privileges and immunities under a variety of legal instruments. Such immunities are granted to the extent necessary to enable IOs to effectively exercise their functions. IO immunities ensure the protection of IO headquarters, property, assets, and personnel carrying out the work of an IO. The purpose of such immunities is to enable IOs to carry out their work unimpeded by the unilateral influence of member States, including those Member States in which the IO physically operates or carries out work.     

Unlike State-derived immunities, the privileges and immunities of international organizations are principally rooted in treaties, including both multilateral and bilateral instruments.&lt;ref&gt;[cite]&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning with the United Nations (UN), Article 105(1) of the UN Charter provides that the UN &quot;shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.&quot; Likewise, under Article 105(2), the Charter further provides that representatives of UN Member States and UN officials shall enjoy &quot;such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.&quot; Such privileges privileges are thus typically understood to be &quot;functional&quot; in nature as they are ultimately held by the IO, or in this case, the UN itself, and granted only to the extent necessary for &quot;fulfilment&quot; of the the organization's &quot;purposes&quot; and the &quot;functions.&quot; 

In order to clarify the details of this grant of privileges and immunities, Article 105(3) authorized the General Assembly to make recommendations and propose conventions further specifying the nature and extent of UN privileges and immunities. Two such conventions have been widely adopted: the General Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946), and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (1947). Included within these are provisions providing immunities for State representatives of member States participating in the work of the UN, experts on mission, and the personnel of the organization, as well as various provisions on currency exchange, taxation, and entrance. It remains an ongoing question whether any IO immunities can be sourced in custom.&lt;ref&gt;See Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 163&lt;/ref&gt;

A number of international organizations enjoy a broad immunities, typically stated as immunity from &quot;every form of legal process,&quot; though some organizations, such as the World Bank enjoy more restricted immunity on account of their more routine transacting with private parties. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 8; ''see also Cumaraswamy.''&lt;/ref&gt; --Experts on Mission (quasi-diplomatic immunity) ''Mazilu'' and ''Cumaraswamy'' 

Constitutive Instruments

Host-State &amp; Headquarters Agreements -- supplement immunities provided for by UN conventions; key examples are headquarters agreement with the U.S. for UN headquarters in New York and with Switzerland concerning the UN Office in Geneva            

In terms of operation, domestic legislation in some States may give effect to various IO immunities, such as for example the U.S. International Organizations Immunities Act (1945), and the U.K. International Organizations Act (1968). In relation to the practical application of immunities, the role of the UN Secretariat of            

--role of the UN Secretary General in determining whether an individual has acted within his capacity within the IO; duty to waive             

--functional vs. absolute    ''Jam'' ''v. International Finance Corporation''&lt;ref&gt;Jam v. IFC, 139 S. Ct. 759 (2019)&lt;/ref&gt; case and commercial activity exception

-- restrictive doctrine? Most academics maintaining that the doctrine of restrictive immunity developed in relation to States is not simply transferrable to IOs.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), paras. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; With respect to State practice, Italy and the U.S. are understood to serve as outliers.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;  IOIA &quot;shall enjoy the same immunity from suit and every form of judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments&quot;&lt;ref&gt;22 U.S.C. § 288a(b)&lt;/ref&gt;        

--similar to diplomatic immunities, IOs enjoy inviolability of premises and archives  

--concerns for abuse 

Italy also followed the restrictive approach prior to ratifying the Specialized Agencies Convention&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (July 2009), paras. 18-19.&lt;/ref&gt;  


Depending on the exact nature of the immunities in question, and the domestic legal system involved, States may need to intervene to assert immunities.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. municipal courts have an obligation to decide with the question of immunity from legal process as a preliminary issue &quot;expeditiously ''ex limine litis''&quot;. 
''Cumaraswamy''&lt;ref&gt;''Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission of Human Rights'', Advisory Opinion, 29 April 1999, ICJ Rep. 1999, p. 62, para. 67 &lt;/ref&gt;  --''Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of the UN Headquarters Agreement''


Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations was not well received and has not entered into force.  
  
Questions of waiver in the context of contracts and arbitration -- some constitutive instruments provide this waiver. ''Mendaro'' case in D.C

--issue of disputes between employees and the IO


Monism/dualism ---  ''PAHO v. Rodriguez'' (D.C. Cir. 2022) -- rejected the Pan-American Health Organization's argument that the immunities found in its constitutive instrument and to which it was entitled under the UN Charter were self-executing. 


Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the IAEA

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea provides privileges and immunities for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea&lt;ref&gt;UNCLOS Annex VI.&lt;/ref&gt;


== D. Other Issues ==

Apart from those mentioned above, a few additional immunities deserve mention. The first concerns immunities which may be provided for in status of forces agreements (SOFAs). For example [ ]     []  Such agreements are typically arranged on a bilateral basis and [] 

Also relevant to the conduct of military forces are immunities pertaining to participants in armed conflict, as well as the potential role of immunities before international courts and tribunals. Beginning with the first issue, combatant immunity refers to the rule of international humanitarian law (IHL) barring the prosecution of combatants for merely participating in hostilities. This means that combatants remain immune from prosecution for offenses permitted by IHL, such as murder of enemy forces. Combatant immunity does not apply, however, to shield a combatant from accountability for war crimes. [ ]

In recent years, an important debate in the field of international law has centered on the question of the availability of immunities before international courts and tribunals. The traditional view is that official capacity of a defendant is irrelevant to his prosecution for international crimes. As provided for in Article 27(1) of the Rome Statute, the status of an individual as a head of State of government, member of government, or other elected person &quot;shall in no case exempt a person from criminal responsibility&quot; under the Rome Statute. Further, as indicated in Article 27(2), &quot;[I]mmunities or special procedural rules which may attach to the official capacity of a person, whether under national or international law, shall not bar the Court from exercising its jurisdiction over such a person.&quot; Such rules are similarly found in [ ]  Despite these provisions, considerable controversy has arisen over the issue of whether high-ranking officials of non-State parties to the Rome Statute are nonetheless entitled to immunities owed to such persons in the territory of foreign States, as discussed above. 

In connection with this debate, the effort by the United States to conclude a host of bilateral immunity agreements whereby such contracting States agreed to prevent ICC from exercising jurisdiction over U.S. personnel reflects a further effort to use immunity to shield State actors from accountability.

 &lt;references /&gt;

==Further Readings==
* Source I
* Source II


&lt;!--Please do not delete the part under this comment--&gt;  
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-End}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>q7ic0fjrojeddn8fhz7tazwbl19yr6m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088423</id>
      <parentid>4088418</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:27:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2603:7000:8B02:8B63:F59F:7BD4:1C8E:B5D0</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27646" xml:space="preserve">&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-Top}}
&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!--Please do not delete the part above this comment--&gt;  

{{Template:OpenRewi/WIP}}&lt;!--You can delete this template as soon as your text is (provisionally) finished--&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Author:''' Jane Doe&lt;!--Please enter the author names and/or link users here--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;   
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Required knowledge:''' Link&lt;!--Please insert links to other parts of the book or other books that are needed as prior knowledge--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Learning objectives:''' Understanding XY.&lt;!--Please enter the learning objective for your chapter--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;

{{OpenRewi/Advanced|Reference=Example|Content=This is your advanced content. You can create this text box using our template &quot;Advanced&quot;. How to do this is described [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Writing|here]].}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Example|Content=This is your example.|Reference=example topic}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Test|Link=https://openrewi.org/en/projects/project-public-international-law/history-theory-methods/#PIL-test}}


This chapter provides a general overview of the various types of immunities owed under international law. 

==A. State-Derived Immunities ==
The immunities owed under international law to States and their officials, as well as diplomatic and other special missions, derive from a combination of principles in international law, including the sovereign equality of States, non-interference, and State sovereignty.&lt;ref&gt;Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law 697 (6th ed. 2008). &lt;/ref&gt; Immunity refers to protection from the courts of another State and pertains to both adjudicative and enforcement jurisdiction, for which varying rules may apply.&lt;ref&gt;Foxx &amp; Webb, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt; In general, immunities may apply in civil, criminal, and administrative legal proceedings.&lt;ref&gt;Peter-Tobias Stoll, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (April 2011), para. 1. &lt;/ref&gt; At its core, sovereign immunity derives from the principle (''par in parem non habet imperium)'' that one soveriegn, acting within its territory, should not have jurisdiction over another. &lt;ref&gt;Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 433.&lt;/ref&gt; 

While state immunity exists as a rule of international law, it is most often implemented at the municipal level, and most commonly through municipal courts.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt; Accordingly, reference to the practice of such courts and tribunals around the globe is of particular importance to understanding the nature and application of immunities. At the same time, municipal courts are by no means the only relevant actors influencing the law of state immunity. While there has been a strong shift in recent decades towards greater recognition of the role of independent judiciary in determining the application of immunities, issues of foreign sovereign immunity have until recently often been considered to fall under prerogative of the executive, which in some legal systems continues to play a role in its application.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt;  At a practical level, however, it is possible to say that today nearly all branches of municipal government have the potential to implicate or effect immunities issues, whether through legislation, decisions to prosecute or investigate officials, or decisions to recognize foreign governments, to name only a few examples. 

Despite the relevance of municipal entities in effectuating state immunity, it is important to recognize that as a binding rule of international law, state immunity is more than merely the concept of comity, by which municipal courts simply decline to hear certain disputes as an exercise of their discretion, let alone merely a matter of foreign policy. Indeed, immunities owed to States and state officials must be respected as a rule of international law, and violation of such immunities may accordingly give rise to State responsibility.&lt;ref /&gt; Moreover, while subject to much debate, issues of state immunity may also arise on the international plane, for example where a state official faces prosecution before an international tribunal, as discussed below. 

===I. Foreign Sovereign Immunity===

==== a. Sources ====
Unlike certain other sources of immunity which are entirely treaty-based, foreign sovereign immunity derives from a general rule of customary international law. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' (''Germany v. Italy)'' case, the International Court of Justice provided guidance on the sources of this immunity when it looked for evidence of the content of the international rule of sovereign immunity. These sources included &quot;the judgments of national courts faced with the question whether a foreign State is immune, the legislation of those States which have enacted statutes dealing with immunity, [and] the claims to immunity advanced by States before foreign courts and the statements made by States&quot; in relation to adoption of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity.&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy, Greece Intervening), Judgment, ICJ Rep. 2012, para. 55. &lt;/ref&gt;

Some efforts towards codification have nonetheless been made. For example, the 1926 Brussels Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to the Immunity of State-Owned Ships provided rules of liability and immunity for various vessels owned or operated by States.&lt;ref&gt;See Peter-Tobias Still, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law (2011); see also European Convention on State Immunity (1972).&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning in 1978,

United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity (2004, not yet entered into force)

==== b. Nature and Application ====
With respect to the application of state immunity, it is clear that municipal courts must hear issues of State immunity before hearing the merits of the case.&lt;ref&gt;''Jurisdictional Immunities'' para. 82 &lt;/ref&gt; As the ICJ explained in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'', a &quot;national court is required to determine whether or not a foreign State is entitled to immunity as a matter of international law before it can hear the merits of the case brought before it and before the facts have been established.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 82&lt;/ref&gt; Reciprocity is not required; recognition also not required [  ]

A divergence of perspectives appears in the literature and case law over the nature of immunity, and thus the extent to which it is possible for courts to set it aside. Fox &amp; Webb suggest several models of immunity. On such model of state immunity sees immunity as a &quot;procedural plea, where a procedural/substantive distinction is used to restrict the scope of immunity and its impact on questions of substantive law.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hazel Fox &amp; Philippa Webb, The Law of State Immunity (Revised and Updated 3d Ed. 2015), p. 4. &lt;/ref&gt; In doing so, they point to ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' and ICJ statement that State immunity is of a procedural nature&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 93.&lt;/ref&gt; meaning that, according to them, &quot;immunity excludes questions as to the lawfulness of the act of a foreign State.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; The procedural view has the greatest potential to restrict immunity, particularly in comparison to [ ]. However, alternative [     ]

The rules on state immunity under international law have evolved considerably over the decades away from an absolute doctrine of state immunity and towards what is known as the &quot;restrictive&quot; doctrine, under which immunity is limited to public acts (''jure imperii)'', and not private or commercial acts (''jure gestionis''). A connection may be drawn between this development and the rise of global business and capitalism, as well as the growing role of governmental entities and State industries in business transactions.&lt;ref&gt;Maryam Jamshidi, &quot;The Political Economy of Foreign Sovereign Immunity,&quot; 73 Hastings Law Journal 585 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; 

The availability, scope, and application of additional exceptions to sovereign immunity has been subject to much debate. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' case, claims brought by Germany against Italy concerning Italian courts' decision not to apply immunity in proceedings against Germany for damages caused during WWII; rejected tort exception to immunity based on deportation of enforced labour of Italian nationals. State immunity for ''acta jure imperii'' even where acts take place on the territory of the forum State and for violations of ''jus cogens'' (para. 77, 97-101); ensuring discussion about obligation to make reparation for breaches of international law, including IHL


South Korea's Seoul Central District Court&lt;ref&gt;Seoul Central District Court, Joint Case No. 2016/505092 (Jan. 8, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt; 

Changi-Law fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Janeiro. concluded instead that &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima &amp; Aziz Tuffi Salita, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;  

case involving sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean peninsula before 1945&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's denial of Japan's immunity for international crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?, Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt;        

Brazilian Supreme Court&lt;ref&gt;Brazil Federal Supreme Court, ARE 954858/RJ (Aug. 23, 2021)&lt;/ref&gt; -- Changri-La fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Jeneiro brought by victims' relatives seeking compensation. &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;; characterized the act as war crime; based in part on provision of Brazilian Constitution .&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima and Aziz Tuffi Saliba, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;.  Ferrini Distomo cases ; Sentenza 238 of Italian Constitutional Court -- idea that constitutional considerations may prevail where there is a collision between immunity and &quot;supreme principles of the constitutional order&quot;   

sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula prior to 1945. Seoul Central District court ordered Japan to compensate twelve women.&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's Denial of Japan's Immunity for International Crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?&quot; Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt; Japan refused to participate. 


--issues remain as to scope of State agencies entitled to immunity and extent of acts considered non-immune on the basis of their commercial character

Courts in South Korea and Brazil have found no immunity with respect to claims based on ''jus cogens'' committed in the territory of those States&lt;ref&gt;Vessela Terzieva, &quot;State Immunity and Victims' Rights to Access to Court, Reparation, and the Truth,&quot; 22 Int'l Crim. L. Rev. 780, 781 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; -- victims' right of access to court ; Italian Constitutional Court in Judgment No. 238&lt;ref&gt;Italian Constitutional Court, Judgment No. 238 (Oct. 22, 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;

====  c. Key Issues ====   

recent examples of denial of immunity as a form of countermeasure?&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, State Immunity as a Tool of Foreign Policy: The Unanswered Question of ''Certain Iranian Assets'', 60 Va. J. Int'l L. 433 (2020)&lt;/ref&gt; Fox &amp; Webb suggest that the matter is &quot;questionable&quot; and note that the ICJ did not address the issue in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' because Italy had maintained that it was justified in denying immunity to Germany on the basis of an alleged exception for grave human rights violations&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;    

waiver; consent        

''Mothers of Srebrenica''


state-owned enterprises, piercing corporate veil

balance with human rights / ECHR cases ''Al Adsani v. UK --'' state immunity and Article 6 ECHR


Possibility of implicit waiver -- question of the relevance of NY Convention, ICSID Convention etc. ; Reference to settling a dispute under domestic law usually not enough.


Tension with human rights and right to a remedy. -- jus cogens 

Justice Against State Sponsors of Terrorism (JASTA)   

''Certain Iranian Assets'' --terrorism-related judgments and asset attachments ; Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act, immunity of state-owned companies and Bank Markazi &quot;state-sponsors of terrorism&quot; exception as designated by Secretary of State   

===2. Foreign State Official Immunity ===
immunity granted to State officials is derivative of sovereign equality of States

--''Ratione personae --'' status-based immunity

--''Ratione materiae --'' immunity based on the nature of the act  


''Arrest Warrant'' case -- immunity from criminal jurisdiction of an incumbent minister of foreign affairs; issue of warrant for the arrest of a serving minister of another State; crimes against humanity; ICJ held that Belgium breached international law. 

troika --heads of state, heads of government; other ministers: minister for foreign affairs

''Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal)'' -- exercise of jurisdiction over former head of state; torture; obligation to prosecute or extradite when accused of serious crimes; ICJ deemed Senegal responsible for failing to take action in relation to alleged crimes of torture. 

--duty to waive

--Debate over ILC Draft Article 7 -- growing efforts to limit immunity in cases involving grave violation of human rights

--''Djubouti v. France --'' immunity of a visiting head of State; witness summons, notice to host State as condition of immunity;   


''Pinochet'' case 
 
UNCLOS and Convention on the High Seas -- immunities for warships or State-owned or operated vessels used for government purposes, 

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation      

Before int'l tribunals -- ''Arrest Warrant'' -- serving or former minister or head of State &quot;may be subject to criminal proceedings before certain international criminal courts, where they have jurisdiction. Rome Statute Article 27(2) -- provides that immunities which may attach to the official capacity of a person shall not bar the ICC from exercising jurisdiction over such a person. ICTY and ICTR Statutes, like Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, provide that immunity arising form a defendant's official capacity is not a defense. The issue remains unresolved, in part because ICTY &amp; ICTR set up under Chapter VII, and Nuremberg involved complete surrender    

--Convention on Special Missions (1985), pertaining to special missions sent by one State to another with the latter's consent. Persons on special missions are inviolable, not liable to arrest or detention, and immune from criminal jurisdiction          

==B. Diplomatic, Consular, and Related Immunities ==

Diplomatic and consular immunities can also be understood as deriving from the concepts of State sovereignty and the sovereign equality of States. Unlike sovereign immunity itself, and perhaps more in line with the immunity of State officials, the emphasis of diplomatic and related immunities is less on the dignity of the sovereign and more on the need to ensure the effective functioning of diplomatic missions, which are by nature tasked with operating outside of their home State territory. These immunities are grounded in a number of sources, including, most importantly, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963).  


inviolability -- Article 22 VCDR&lt;ref&gt;Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 500 UNTS 95, (1972) 23 UST 3227, TIAS No 7502, Art.22&lt;/ref&gt; -- (1) premises immune from search, attachment, etc.

--Service of Legal process  

(2) duty of receiving State to &quot;take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity&quot; ''Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran case''&lt;ref&gt;United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, United States v Iran, Merits, [1980] ICJ Rep 3, 24th May 1980.&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Obligation to &quot;respect and protect&quot; mission even if diplomatic relations cut&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 45(a)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Archives of diplomatic mission inviolable wherever and whenever they are located&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 24&lt;/ref&gt;

Diplomatic agents and private residence and property are inviolable&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Arts 29-30&lt;/ref&gt; 

Diplomatic agent also immune from criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 31&lt;/ref&gt;

--immunity from civil jurisdiction, but exceptions-- e.g. real property; 

waiver; ''persona non grata'' 

Debate over whether self-contained regime&lt;ref&gt;Rosanne van Alebeek, &quot;Immunity, Diplomatic,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 34.&lt;/ref&gt;

in contrast to heads of State, diplomatic agents possess privileges and immunities only in receiving State, and are only entitled to immunity in other States when transiting to and from post, not when traveling for private purposes.  

==C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations ==

International organizations (IOs) are also afforded privileges and immunities under a variety of legal instruments. Such immunities are granted to the extent necessary to enable IOs to effectively exercise their functions. IO immunities ensure the protection of IO headquarters, property, assets, and personnel carrying out the work of an IO. The purpose of such immunities is to enable IOs to carry out their work unimpeded by the unilateral influence of member States, including those Member States in which the IO physically operates or carries out work.     

Unlike State-derived immunities, the privileges and immunities of international organizations are principally rooted in treaties, including both multilateral and bilateral instruments.&lt;ref&gt;[cite]&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning with the United Nations (UN), Article 105(1) of the UN Charter provides that the UN &quot;shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.&quot; Likewise, under Article 105(2), the Charter further provides that representatives of UN Member States and UN officials shall enjoy &quot;such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.&quot; Such privileges privileges are thus typically understood to be &quot;functional&quot; in nature as they are ultimately held by the IO, or in this case, the UN itself, and granted only to the extent necessary for &quot;fulfilment&quot; of the the organization's &quot;purposes&quot; and the &quot;functions.&quot; 

In order to clarify the details of this grant of privileges and immunities, Article 105(3) authorized the General Assembly to make recommendations and propose conventions further specifying the nature and extent of UN privileges and immunities. Two such conventions have been widely adopted: the General Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946), and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (1947). Included within these are provisions providing immunities for State representatives of member States participating in the work of the UN, experts on mission, and the personnel of the organization, as well as various provisions on currency exchange, taxation, and entrance. It remains an ongoing question whether any IO immunities can be sourced in custom.&lt;ref&gt;See Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 163&lt;/ref&gt;. freedom of communication ; representatives of members

A number of international organizations enjoy a broad immunities, typically stated as immunity from &quot;every form of legal process,&quot; though some organizations, such as the World Bank enjoy more restricted immunity on account of their more routine transacting with private parties. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 8; ''see also Cumaraswamy.''&lt;/ref&gt; --Experts on Mission (quasi-diplomatic immunity) ''Mazilu'' and ''Cumaraswamy'' 

Constitutive Instruments

Host-State &amp; Headquarters Agreements -- supplement immunities provided for by UN conventions; key examples are headquarters agreement with the U.S. for UN headquarters in New York and with Switzerland concerning the UN Office in Geneva            

Multilateral agreements -- Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the IAEA; Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Organization of American States; etc.  UN Convention on the Law of the Sea provides privileges and immunities for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea&lt;ref&gt;UNCLOS Annex VI.&lt;/ref&gt;                                    

In terms of operation, domestic legislation in some States may give effect to various IO immunities, such as for example the U.S. International Organizations Immunities Act (1945), and the U.K. International Organizations Act (1968). In relation to the practical application of immunities, the role of the UN Secretariat of            

--role of the UN Secretary General in determining whether an individual has acted within his capacity within the IO; duty to waive             

--functional vs. absolute    ''Jam'' ''v. International Finance Corporation''&lt;ref&gt;Jam v. IFC, 139 S. Ct. 759 (2019)&lt;/ref&gt; case and commercial activity exception

-- restrictive doctrine? Most academics maintaining that the doctrine of restrictive immunity developed in relation to States is not simply transferrable to IOs.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), paras. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; With respect to State practice, Italy and the U.S. are understood to serve as outliers.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;  IOIA &quot;shall enjoy the same immunity from suit and every form of judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments&quot;&lt;ref&gt;22 U.S.C. § 288a(b)&lt;/ref&gt;        

--similar to diplomatic immunities, IOs enjoy inviolability of premises and archives  

--concerns for abuse 

Italy also followed the restrictive approach prior to ratifying the Specialized Agencies Convention&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (July 2009), paras. 18-19.&lt;/ref&gt;  


Depending on the exact nature of the immunities in question, and the domestic legal system involved, States may need to intervene to assert immunities.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. municipal courts have an obligation to decide with the question of immunity from legal process as a preliminary issue &quot;expeditiously ''ex limine litis''&quot;. 
''Cumaraswamy''&lt;ref&gt;''Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission of Human Rights'', Advisory Opinion, 29 April 1999, ICJ Rep. 1999, p. 62, para. 67 &lt;/ref&gt;  --''Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of the UN Headquarters Agreement''


The ILC's work on 'Representation of States in their relations with international organizations’ (1963–75) was not ultimately successful and eventually was dropped.&lt;ref&gt;Mirka Moldner, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Privileges and Immunities,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (May 2011).&lt;/ref&gt; In particular, the Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations was not well received and has not entered into force.  
  
Questions of waiver in the context of contracts and arbitration -- some constitutive instruments provide this waiver. ''Mendaro'' case in D.C

--issue of disputes between employees and the IO;  UN Dispute Tribunal and UN AppealsTribunal ; ILO Administrative Tribunal


Monism/dualism ---  ''PAHO v. Rodriguez'' (D.C. Cir. 2022) -- rejected the Pan-American Health Organization's argument that the immunities found in its constitutive instrument and to which it was entitled under the UN Charter were self-executing.  

ECHR -- ''Waite and Kennedy''  -- availability of alternative avenues of redress 


Dispute settlement -- advisory opinion which shall be accepted as decisive. Some question about to whom obligations are owed -- to the UN or IO itself, or to other parties, or both.&lt;ref&gt;Mirka Moldner, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Privileges and Immunities,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (May 2011), para. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;

Question of immunities owed by States not party to relevant instrument / whether or not members of the IO.

Conferences, peacekeeping -- controversy over abuse in peacekeeping context.

== D. Other Issues ==

Apart from those mentioned above, a few additional immunities deserve mention. The first concerns immunities which may be provided for in status of forces agreements (SOFAs). For example [ ]     []  Such agreements are typically arranged on a bilateral basis and [] 

Also relevant to the conduct of military forces are immunities pertaining to participants in armed conflict, as well as the potential role of immunities before international courts and tribunals. Beginning with the first issue, combatant immunity refers to the rule of international humanitarian law (IHL) barring the prosecution of combatants for merely participating in hostilities. This means that combatants remain immune from prosecution for offenses permitted by IHL, such as murder of enemy forces. Combatant immunity does not apply, however, to shield a combatant from accountability for war crimes. [ ]

In recent years, an important debate in the field of international law has centered on the question of the availability of immunities before international courts and tribunals. The traditional view is that official capacity of a defendant is irrelevant to his prosecution for international crimes. As provided for in Article 27(1) of the Rome Statute, the status of an individual as a head of State of government, member of government, or other elected person &quot;shall in no case exempt a person from criminal responsibility&quot; under the Rome Statute. Further, as indicated in Article 27(2), &quot;[I]mmunities or special procedural rules which may attach to the official capacity of a person, whether under national or international law, shall not bar the Court from exercising its jurisdiction over such a person.&quot; Such rules are similarly found in [ ]  Despite these provisions, considerable controversy has arisen over the issue of whether high-ranking officials of non-State parties to the Rome Statute are nonetheless entitled to immunities owed to such persons in the territory of foreign States, as discussed above. 

In connection with this debate, the effort by the United States to conclude a host of bilateral immunity agreements whereby such contracting States agreed to prevent ICC from exercising jurisdiction over U.S. personnel reflects a further effort to use immunity to shield State actors from accountability.

 &lt;references /&gt;

==Further Readings==
* Source I
* Source II


&lt;!--Please do not delete the part under this comment--&gt;  
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-End}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>byn8x72hhd93gp48xmzympicem9bhvy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088424</id>
      <parentid>4088423</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:30:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2603:7000:8B02:8B63:F59F:7BD4:1C8E:B5D0</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* A. State-Derived Immunities */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27647" xml:space="preserve">&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-Top}}
&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!--Please do not delete the part above this comment--&gt;  

{{Template:OpenRewi/WIP}}&lt;!--You can delete this template as soon as your text is (provisionally) finished--&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Author:''' Jane Doe&lt;!--Please enter the author names and/or link users here--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;   
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Required knowledge:''' Link&lt;!--Please insert links to other parts of the book or other books that are needed as prior knowledge--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Learning objectives:''' Understanding XY.&lt;!--Please enter the learning objective for your chapter--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;

{{OpenRewi/Advanced|Reference=Example|Content=This is your advanced content. You can create this text box using our template &quot;Advanced&quot;. How to do this is described [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Writing|here]].}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Example|Content=This is your example.|Reference=example topic}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Test|Link=https://openrewi.org/en/projects/project-public-international-law/history-theory-methods/#PIL-test}}


This chapter provides a general overview of the various types of immunities owed under international law. 

==A. State-Derived Immunities ==
The immunities owed under international law to States and their officials, as well as diplomatic and other special missions, derive from a combination of principles in international law, including the sovereign equality of States, non-interference, and State sovereignty.&lt;ref&gt;Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law 697 (6th ed. 2008). &lt;/ref&gt; Immunity refers to protection from the courts of another State and pertains to both adjudicative and enforcement jurisdiction, for which varying rules may apply.&lt;ref&gt;Foxx &amp; Webb, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt; In general, immunities may apply in civil, criminal, and administrative legal proceedings.&lt;ref&gt;Peter-Tobias Stoll, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (April 2011), para. 1. &lt;/ref&gt; At its core, sovereign immunity derives from the principle (''par in parem non habet imperium)'' that one soveriegn, acting within its territory, should not have jurisdiction over another. &lt;ref&gt;Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 433.&lt;/ref&gt; 

While state immunity exists as a rule of international law, it is most often implemented at the municipal level, and most commonly through municipal courts.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt; Accordingly, reference to the practice of such courts and tribunals around the globe is of particular importance to understanding the nature and application of immunities. At the same time, municipal courts are by no means the only relevant actors influencing the law of state immunity. While there has been a strong shift in recent decades towards greater recognition of the role of independent judiciary in determining the application of immunities, issues of foreign sovereign immunity have until recently often been considered to fall under prerogative of the executive, which in some legal systems continues to play a role in its application.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt;  At a practical level, however, it is possible to say that today nearly all branches of municipal government have the potential to implicate or effect immunities issues, whether through legislation, decisions to prosecute or investigate officials, or decisions to recognize foreign governments, to name only a few examples. 

Despite the relevance of municipal entities in effectuating state immunity, it is important to recognize that as a binding rule of international law, state immunity is more than merely the concept of comity, by which municipal courts simply decline to hear certain disputes as an exercise of their discretion, let alone merely a matter of foreign policy. Indeed, immunities owed to States and state officials must be respected as a rule of international law, and violation of such immunities may accordingly give rise to State responsibility.&lt;ref /&gt; Moreover, while subject to much debate, issues of state immunity may also arise on the international plane, for example where a state official faces prosecution before an international tribunal, as discussed below. 

===I. Foreign Sovereign Immunity===

==== a. Sources ====
Unlike certain other sources of immunity which are entirely treaty-based, foreign sovereign immunity derives from a general rule of customary international law. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' (''Germany v. Italy)'' case, the International Court of Justice provided guidance on the sources of this immunity when it looked for evidence of the content of the international rule of sovereign immunity. These sources included &quot;the judgments of national courts faced with the question whether a foreign State is immune, the legislation of those States which have enacted statutes dealing with immunity, [and] the claims to immunity advanced by States before foreign courts and the statements made by States&quot; in relation to adoption of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity.&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy, Greece Intervening), Judgment, ICJ Rep. 2012, para. 55. &lt;/ref&gt;

Some efforts towards codification have nonetheless been made. For example, the 1926 Brussels Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to the Immunity of State-Owned Ships provided rules of liability and immunity for various vessels owned or operated by States.&lt;ref&gt;See Peter-Tobias Still, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law (2011); see also European Convention on State Immunity (1972).&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning in 1978,

United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity (2004, not yet entered into force)

==== b. Nature and Application ====
With respect to the application of state immunity, it is clear that municipal courts must hear issues of State immunity before hearing the merits of the case.&lt;ref&gt;''Jurisdictional Immunities'' para. 82 &lt;/ref&gt; As the ICJ explained in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'', a &quot;national court is required to determine whether or not a foreign State is entitled to immunity as a matter of international law before it can hear the merits of the case brought before it and before the facts have been established.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 82&lt;/ref&gt; Reciprocity is not required; recognition also not required [  ]

A divergence of perspectives appears in the literature and case law over the nature of immunity, and thus the extent to which it is possible for courts to set it aside. Fox &amp; Webb suggest several models of immunity. On such model of state immunity sees immunity as a &quot;procedural plea, where a procedural/substantive distinction is used to restrict the scope of immunity and its impact on questions of substantive law.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hazel Fox &amp; Philippa Webb, The Law of State Immunity (Revised and Updated 3d Ed. 2015), p. 4. &lt;/ref&gt; In doing so, they point to ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' and ICJ statement that State immunity is of a procedural nature&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 93.&lt;/ref&gt; meaning that, according to them, &quot;immunity excludes questions as to the lawfulness of the act of a foreign State.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; The procedural view has the greatest potential to restrict immunity, particularly in comparison to [ ]. However, alternative [     ]

The rules on state immunity under international law have evolved considerably over the decades away from an absolute doctrine of state immunity and towards what is known as the &quot;restrictive&quot; doctrine, under which immunity is limited to public acts (''jure imperii)'', and not private or commercial acts (''jure gestionis''). A connection may be drawn between this development and the rise of global business and capitalism, as well as the growing role of governmental entities and State industries in business transactions.&lt;ref&gt;Maryam Jamshidi, &quot;The Political Economy of Foreign Sovereign Immunity,&quot; 73 Hastings Law Journal 585 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; 

The availability, scope, and application of additional exceptions to sovereign immunity has been subject to much debate. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' case, claims brought by Germany against Italy concerning Italian courts' decision not to apply immunity in proceedings against Germany for damages caused during WWII; rejected tort exception to immunity based on deportation of enforced labour of Italian nationals. State immunity for ''acta jure imperii'' even where acts take place on the territory of the forum State and for violations of ''jus cogens'' (para. 77, 97-101); ensuring discussion about obligation to make reparation for breaches of international law, including IHL


South Korea's Seoul Central District Court&lt;ref&gt;Seoul Central District Court, Joint Case No. 2016/505092 (Jan. 8, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt; 

Changi-Law fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Janeiro. concluded instead that &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima &amp; Aziz Tuffi Salita, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;  

case involving sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean peninsula before 1945&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's denial of Japan's immunity for international crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?, Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt;        

Brazilian Supreme Court&lt;ref&gt;Brazil Federal Supreme Court, ARE 954858/RJ (Aug. 23, 2021)&lt;/ref&gt; -- Changri-La fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Jeneiro brought by victims' relatives seeking compensation. &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;; characterized the act as war crime; based in part on provision of Brazilian Constitution .&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima and Aziz Tuffi Saliba, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;.  Ferrini Distomo cases ; Sentenza 238 of Italian Constitutional Court -- idea that constitutional considerations may prevail where there is a collision between immunity and &quot;supreme principles of the constitutional order&quot;   

sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula prior to 1945. Seoul Central District court ordered Japan to compensate twelve women.&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's Denial of Japan's Immunity for International Crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?&quot; Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt; Japan refused to participate. 


--issues remain as to scope of State agencies entitled to immunity and extent of acts considered non-immune on the basis of their commercial character

Courts in South Korea and Brazil have found no immunity with respect to claims based on ''jus cogens'' committed in the territory of those States&lt;ref&gt;Vessela Terzieva, &quot;State Immunity and Victims' Rights to Access to Court, Reparation, and the Truth,&quot; 22 Int'l Crim. L. Rev. 780, 781 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; -- victims' right of access to court ; Italian Constitutional Court in Judgment No. 238&lt;ref&gt;Italian Constitutional Court, Judgment No. 238 (Oct. 22, 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;

====  c. Key Issues ====   

recent examples of denial of immunity as a form of countermeasure?&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, State Immunity as a Tool of Foreign Policy: The Unanswered Question of ''Certain Iranian Assets'', 60 Va. J. Int'l L. 433 (2020)&lt;/ref&gt; Fox &amp; Webb suggest that the matter is &quot;questionable&quot; and note that the ICJ did not address the issue in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' because Italy had maintained that it was justified in denying immunity to Germany on the basis of an alleged exception for grave human rights violations&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;    

waiver; consent        

''Mothers of Srebrenica''


state-owned enterprises, piercing corporate veil

balance with human rights / ECHR cases ''Al Adsani v. UK --'' state immunity and Article 6 ECHR


Possibility of implicit waiver -- question of the relevance of NY Convention, ICSID Convention etc. ; Reference to settling a dispute under domestic law usually not enough.


Tension with human rights and right to a remedy. -- jus cogens 

Justice Against State Sponsors of Terrorism (JASTA)   

''Certain Iranian Assets'' --terrorism-related judgments and asset attachments ; Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act, immunity of state-owned companies and Bank Markazi &quot;state-sponsors of terrorism&quot; exception as designated by Secretary of State   

===II. Foreign State Official Immunity ===
immunity granted to State officials is derivative of sovereign equality of States

--''Ratione personae --'' status-based immunity

--''Ratione materiae --'' immunity based on the nature of the act  


''Arrest Warrant'' case -- immunity from criminal jurisdiction of an incumbent minister of foreign affairs; issue of warrant for the arrest of a serving minister of another State; crimes against humanity; ICJ held that Belgium breached international law. 

troika --heads of state, heads of government; other ministers: minister for foreign affairs

''Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal)'' -- exercise of jurisdiction over former head of state; torture; obligation to prosecute or extradite when accused of serious crimes; ICJ deemed Senegal responsible for failing to take action in relation to alleged crimes of torture. 

--duty to waive

--Debate over ILC Draft Article 7 -- growing efforts to limit immunity in cases involving grave violation of human rights

--''Djubouti v. France --'' immunity of a visiting head of State; witness summons, notice to host State as condition of immunity;   


''Pinochet'' case 
 
UNCLOS and Convention on the High Seas -- immunities for warships or State-owned or operated vessels used for government purposes, 

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation      

Before int'l tribunals -- ''Arrest Warrant'' -- serving or former minister or head of State &quot;may be subject to criminal proceedings before certain international criminal courts, where they have jurisdiction. Rome Statute Article 27(2) -- provides that immunities which may attach to the official capacity of a person shall not bar the ICC from exercising jurisdiction over such a person. ICTY and ICTR Statutes, like Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, provide that immunity arising form a defendant's official capacity is not a defense. The issue remains unresolved, in part because ICTY &amp; ICTR set up under Chapter VII, and Nuremberg involved complete surrender    

--Convention on Special Missions (1985), pertaining to special missions sent by one State to another with the latter's consent. Persons on special missions are inviolable, not liable to arrest or detention, and immune from criminal jurisdiction          

==B. Diplomatic, Consular, and Related Immunities ==

Diplomatic and consular immunities can also be understood as deriving from the concepts of State sovereignty and the sovereign equality of States. Unlike sovereign immunity itself, and perhaps more in line with the immunity of State officials, the emphasis of diplomatic and related immunities is less on the dignity of the sovereign and more on the need to ensure the effective functioning of diplomatic missions, which are by nature tasked with operating outside of their home State territory. These immunities are grounded in a number of sources, including, most importantly, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963).  


inviolability -- Article 22 VCDR&lt;ref&gt;Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 500 UNTS 95, (1972) 23 UST 3227, TIAS No 7502, Art.22&lt;/ref&gt; -- (1) premises immune from search, attachment, etc.

--Service of Legal process  

(2) duty of receiving State to &quot;take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity&quot; ''Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran case''&lt;ref&gt;United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, United States v Iran, Merits, [1980] ICJ Rep 3, 24th May 1980.&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Obligation to &quot;respect and protect&quot; mission even if diplomatic relations cut&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 45(a)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Archives of diplomatic mission inviolable wherever and whenever they are located&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 24&lt;/ref&gt;

Diplomatic agents and private residence and property are inviolable&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Arts 29-30&lt;/ref&gt; 

Diplomatic agent also immune from criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 31&lt;/ref&gt;

--immunity from civil jurisdiction, but exceptions-- e.g. real property; 

waiver; ''persona non grata'' 

Debate over whether self-contained regime&lt;ref&gt;Rosanne van Alebeek, &quot;Immunity, Diplomatic,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 34.&lt;/ref&gt;

in contrast to heads of State, diplomatic agents possess privileges and immunities only in receiving State, and are only entitled to immunity in other States when transiting to and from post, not when traveling for private purposes.  

==C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations ==

International organizations (IOs) are also afforded privileges and immunities under a variety of legal instruments. Such immunities are granted to the extent necessary to enable IOs to effectively exercise their functions. IO immunities ensure the protection of IO headquarters, property, assets, and personnel carrying out the work of an IO. The purpose of such immunities is to enable IOs to carry out their work unimpeded by the unilateral influence of member States, including those Member States in which the IO physically operates or carries out work.     

Unlike State-derived immunities, the privileges and immunities of international organizations are principally rooted in treaties, including both multilateral and bilateral instruments.&lt;ref&gt;[cite]&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning with the United Nations (UN), Article 105(1) of the UN Charter provides that the UN &quot;shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.&quot; Likewise, under Article 105(2), the Charter further provides that representatives of UN Member States and UN officials shall enjoy &quot;such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.&quot; Such privileges privileges are thus typically understood to be &quot;functional&quot; in nature as they are ultimately held by the IO, or in this case, the UN itself, and granted only to the extent necessary for &quot;fulfilment&quot; of the the organization's &quot;purposes&quot; and the &quot;functions.&quot; 

In order to clarify the details of this grant of privileges and immunities, Article 105(3) authorized the General Assembly to make recommendations and propose conventions further specifying the nature and extent of UN privileges and immunities. Two such conventions have been widely adopted: the General Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946), and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (1947). Included within these are provisions providing immunities for State representatives of member States participating in the work of the UN, experts on mission, and the personnel of the organization, as well as various provisions on currency exchange, taxation, and entrance. It remains an ongoing question whether any IO immunities can be sourced in custom.&lt;ref&gt;See Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 163&lt;/ref&gt;. freedom of communication ; representatives of members

A number of international organizations enjoy a broad immunities, typically stated as immunity from &quot;every form of legal process,&quot; though some organizations, such as the World Bank enjoy more restricted immunity on account of their more routine transacting with private parties. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 8; ''see also Cumaraswamy.''&lt;/ref&gt; --Experts on Mission (quasi-diplomatic immunity) ''Mazilu'' and ''Cumaraswamy'' 

Constitutive Instruments

Host-State &amp; Headquarters Agreements -- supplement immunities provided for by UN conventions; key examples are headquarters agreement with the U.S. for UN headquarters in New York and with Switzerland concerning the UN Office in Geneva            

Multilateral agreements -- Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the IAEA; Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Organization of American States; etc.  UN Convention on the Law of the Sea provides privileges and immunities for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea&lt;ref&gt;UNCLOS Annex VI.&lt;/ref&gt;                                    

In terms of operation, domestic legislation in some States may give effect to various IO immunities, such as for example the U.S. International Organizations Immunities Act (1945), and the U.K. International Organizations Act (1968). In relation to the practical application of immunities, the role of the UN Secretariat of            

--role of the UN Secretary General in determining whether an individual has acted within his capacity within the IO; duty to waive             

--functional vs. absolute    ''Jam'' ''v. International Finance Corporation''&lt;ref&gt;Jam v. IFC, 139 S. Ct. 759 (2019)&lt;/ref&gt; case and commercial activity exception

-- restrictive doctrine? Most academics maintaining that the doctrine of restrictive immunity developed in relation to States is not simply transferrable to IOs.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), paras. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; With respect to State practice, Italy and the U.S. are understood to serve as outliers.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;  IOIA &quot;shall enjoy the same immunity from suit and every form of judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments&quot;&lt;ref&gt;22 U.S.C. § 288a(b)&lt;/ref&gt;        

--similar to diplomatic immunities, IOs enjoy inviolability of premises and archives  

--concerns for abuse 

Italy also followed the restrictive approach prior to ratifying the Specialized Agencies Convention&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (July 2009), paras. 18-19.&lt;/ref&gt;  


Depending on the exact nature of the immunities in question, and the domestic legal system involved, States may need to intervene to assert immunities.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. municipal courts have an obligation to decide with the question of immunity from legal process as a preliminary issue &quot;expeditiously ''ex limine litis''&quot;. 
''Cumaraswamy''&lt;ref&gt;''Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission of Human Rights'', Advisory Opinion, 29 April 1999, ICJ Rep. 1999, p. 62, para. 67 &lt;/ref&gt;  --''Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of the UN Headquarters Agreement''


The ILC's work on 'Representation of States in their relations with international organizations’ (1963–75) was not ultimately successful and eventually was dropped.&lt;ref&gt;Mirka Moldner, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Privileges and Immunities,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (May 2011).&lt;/ref&gt; In particular, the Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations was not well received and has not entered into force.  
  
Questions of waiver in the context of contracts and arbitration -- some constitutive instruments provide this waiver. ''Mendaro'' case in D.C

--issue of disputes between employees and the IO;  UN Dispute Tribunal and UN AppealsTribunal ; ILO Administrative Tribunal


Monism/dualism ---  ''PAHO v. Rodriguez'' (D.C. Cir. 2022) -- rejected the Pan-American Health Organization's argument that the immunities found in its constitutive instrument and to which it was entitled under the UN Charter were self-executing.  

ECHR -- ''Waite and Kennedy''  -- availability of alternative avenues of redress 


Dispute settlement -- advisory opinion which shall be accepted as decisive. Some question about to whom obligations are owed -- to the UN or IO itself, or to other parties, or both.&lt;ref&gt;Mirka Moldner, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Privileges and Immunities,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (May 2011), para. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;

Question of immunities owed by States not party to relevant instrument / whether or not members of the IO.

Conferences, peacekeeping -- controversy over abuse in peacekeeping context.

== D. Other Issues ==

Apart from those mentioned above, a few additional immunities deserve mention. The first concerns immunities which may be provided for in status of forces agreements (SOFAs). For example [ ]     []  Such agreements are typically arranged on a bilateral basis and [] 

Also relevant to the conduct of military forces are immunities pertaining to participants in armed conflict, as well as the potential role of immunities before international courts and tribunals. Beginning with the first issue, combatant immunity refers to the rule of international humanitarian law (IHL) barring the prosecution of combatants for merely participating in hostilities. This means that combatants remain immune from prosecution for offenses permitted by IHL, such as murder of enemy forces. Combatant immunity does not apply, however, to shield a combatant from accountability for war crimes. [ ]

In recent years, an important debate in the field of international law has centered on the question of the availability of immunities before international courts and tribunals. The traditional view is that official capacity of a defendant is irrelevant to his prosecution for international crimes. As provided for in Article 27(1) of the Rome Statute, the status of an individual as a head of State of government, member of government, or other elected person &quot;shall in no case exempt a person from criminal responsibility&quot; under the Rome Statute. Further, as indicated in Article 27(2), &quot;[I]mmunities or special procedural rules which may attach to the official capacity of a person, whether under national or international law, shall not bar the Court from exercising its jurisdiction over such a person.&quot; Such rules are similarly found in [ ]  Despite these provisions, considerable controversy has arisen over the issue of whether high-ranking officials of non-State parties to the Rome Statute are nonetheless entitled to immunities owed to such persons in the territory of foreign States, as discussed above. 

In connection with this debate, the effort by the United States to conclude a host of bilateral immunity agreements whereby such contracting States agreed to prevent ICC from exercising jurisdiction over U.S. personnel reflects a further effort to use immunity to shield State actors from accountability.

 &lt;references /&gt;

==Further Readings==
* Source I
* Source II


&lt;!--Please do not delete the part under this comment--&gt;  
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-End}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>1dm73zml9awwzflsqmsj92t5q22ba24</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088430</id>
      <parentid>4088424</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:59:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2603:7000:8B02:8B63:F59F:7BD4:1C8E:B5D0</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* b. Nature and Application */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28472" xml:space="preserve">&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-Top}}
&lt;p style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!--Please do not delete the part above this comment--&gt;  

{{Template:OpenRewi/WIP}}&lt;!--You can delete this template as soon as your text is (provisionally) finished--&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Author:''' Jane Doe&lt;!--Please enter the author names and/or link users here--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;   
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Required knowledge:''' Link&lt;!--Please insert links to other parts of the book or other books that are needed as prior knowledge--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Learning objectives:''' Understanding XY.&lt;!--Please enter the learning objective for your chapter--&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;

{{OpenRewi/Advanced|Reference=Example|Content=This is your advanced content. You can create this text box using our template &quot;Advanced&quot;. How to do this is described [[Wikibooks:WikiProject_OpenRewi_-_Open_Legal_Science/Writing|here]].}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Example|Content=This is your example.|Reference=example topic}}

{{Template:OpenRewi/Test|Link=https://openrewi.org/en/projects/project-public-international-law/history-theory-methods/#PIL-test}}


This chapter provides a general overview of the various types of immunities owed under international law. 

==A. State-Derived Immunities ==
The immunities owed under international law to States and their officials, as well as diplomatic and other special missions, derive from a combination of principles in international law, including the sovereign equality of States, non-interference, and State sovereignty.&lt;ref&gt;Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law 697 (6th ed. 2008). &lt;/ref&gt; Immunity refers to protection from the courts of another State and pertains to both adjudicative and enforcement jurisdiction, for which varying rules may apply.&lt;ref&gt;Foxx &amp; Webb, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt; In general, immunities may apply in civil, criminal, and administrative legal proceedings.&lt;ref&gt;Peter-Tobias Stoll, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (April 2011), para. 1. &lt;/ref&gt; At its core, sovereign immunity derives from the principle (''par in parem non habet imperium)'' that one soveriegn, acting within its territory, should not have jurisdiction over another. &lt;ref&gt;Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 433.&lt;/ref&gt; 

While state immunity exists as a rule of international law, it is most often implemented at the municipal level, and most commonly through municipal courts.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt; Accordingly, reference to the practice of such courts and tribunals around the globe is of particular importance to understanding the nature and application of immunities. At the same time, municipal courts are by no means the only relevant actors influencing the law of state immunity. While there has been a strong shift in recent decades towards greater recognition of the role of independent judiciary in determining the application of immunities, issues of foreign sovereign immunity have until recently often been considered to fall under prerogative of the executive, which in some legal systems continues to play a role in its application.&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb&lt;/ref&gt;  At a practical level, however, it is possible to say that today nearly all branches of municipal government have the potential to implicate or effect immunities issues, whether through legislation, decisions to prosecute or investigate officials, or decisions to recognize foreign governments, to name only a few examples. 

Despite the relevance of municipal entities in effectuating state immunity, it is important to recognize that as a binding rule of international law, state immunity is more than merely the concept of comity, by which municipal courts simply decline to hear certain disputes as an exercise of their discretion, let alone merely a matter of foreign policy. Indeed, immunities owed to States and state officials must be respected as a rule of international law, and violation of such immunities may accordingly give rise to State responsibility.&lt;ref /&gt; Moreover, while subject to much debate, issues of state immunity may also arise on the international plane, for example where a state official faces prosecution before an international tribunal, as discussed below. 

===I. Foreign Sovereign Immunity===

==== a. Sources ====
Unlike certain other sources of immunity which are entirely treaty-based, foreign sovereign immunity derives from a general rule of customary international law. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' (''Germany v. Italy)'' case, the International Court of Justice provided guidance on the sources of this immunity when it looked for evidence of the content of the international rule of sovereign immunity. These sources included &quot;the judgments of national courts faced with the question whether a foreign State is immune, the legislation of those States which have enacted statutes dealing with immunity, [and] the claims to immunity advanced by States before foreign courts and the statements made by States&quot; in relation to adoption of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity.&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy, Greece Intervening), Judgment, ICJ Rep. 2012, para. 55. &lt;/ref&gt;

Some efforts towards codification have nonetheless been made. For example, the 1926 Brussels Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to the Immunity of State-Owned Ships provided rules of liability and immunity for various vessels owned or operated by States.&lt;ref&gt;See Peter-Tobias Still, &quot;State Immunity,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law (2011); see also European Convention on State Immunity (1972).&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning in 1978,

United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity (2004, not yet entered into force). 

&lt;ref&gt;The United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property: A Commentary (O'Keefe et al. eds. 2013).&lt;/ref&gt;

==== b. Nature and Application ====
With respect to the application of state immunity, it is clear that municipal courts must hear issues of State immunity before hearing the merits of the case.&lt;ref&gt;''Jurisdictional Immunities'' para. 82 &lt;/ref&gt; As the ICJ explained in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'', a &quot;national court is required to determine whether or not a foreign State is entitled to immunity as a matter of international law before it can hear the merits of the case brought before it and before the facts have been established.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 82&lt;/ref&gt; Reciprocity is not required; recognition also not required [  ]

A divergence of perspectives appears in the literature and case law over the nature of immunity, and thus the extent to which it is possible for courts to set it aside. Fox &amp; Webb suggest several models of immunity. On such model of state immunity sees immunity as a &quot;procedural plea, where a procedural/substantive distinction is used to restrict the scope of immunity and its impact on questions of substantive law.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hazel Fox &amp; Philippa Webb, The Law of State Immunity (Revised and Updated 3d Ed. 2015), p. 4. &lt;/ref&gt; In doing so, they point to ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' and ICJ statement that State immunity is of a procedural nature&lt;ref&gt;Jurisdictional Immunities, para. 93.&lt;/ref&gt; meaning that, according to them, &quot;immunity excludes questions as to the lawfulness of the act of a foreign State.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; The procedural view has the greatest potential to restrict immunity, particularly in comparison to [ ]. However, alternative [     ]

The rules on state immunity under international law have evolved considerably over the decades away from an absolute doctrine of state immunity and towards what is known as the &quot;restrictive&quot; doctrine, under which immunity is limited to public acts (''jure imperii)'', and not private or commercial acts (''jure gestionis''). A connection may be drawn between this development and the rise of global business and capitalism, as well as the growing role of governmental entities and State industries in business transactions.&lt;ref&gt;Maryam Jamshidi, &quot;The Political Economy of Foreign Sovereign Immunity,&quot; 73 Hastings Law Journal 585 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; 

The availability, scope, and application of additional exceptions to sovereign immunity has been subject to much debate. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' case, claims brought by Germany against Italy concerning Italian courts' decision not to apply immunity in proceedings against Germany for damages caused during WWII; rejected tort exception to immunity based on deportation of enforced labour of Italian nationals. State immunity for ''acta jure imperii'' even where acts take place on the territory of the forum State and for violations of ''jus cogens'' (para. 77, 97-101); ensuring discussion about obligation to make reparation for breaches of international law, including IHL


South Korea's Seoul Central District Court&lt;ref&gt;Seoul Central District Court, Joint Case No. 2016/505092 (Jan. 8, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt; 

Changi-Law fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Janeiro. concluded instead that &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima &amp; Aziz Tuffi Salita, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;  

case involving sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean peninsula before 1945&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's denial of Japan's immunity for international crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?, Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt;        

Brazilian Supreme Court&lt;ref&gt;Brazil Federal Supreme Court, ARE 954858/RJ (Aug. 23, 2021)&lt;/ref&gt; -- Changri-La fishing boat sunk in 1943 by German submarine near Rio de Jeneiro brought by victims' relatives seeking compensation. &quot;wrongful acts committed by foreign States in violation of human rights do not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction&quot;; characterized the act as war crime; based in part on provision of Brazilian Constitution .&lt;ref&gt;Lucas Carlos Lima and Aziz Tuffi Saliba, &quot;The Immunity Saga Reaches Latin America. The Changri-la Case,&quot; EJIL:Talk! (Dec. 2, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;.  Ferrini Distomo cases ; Sentenza 238 of Italian Constitutional Court -- idea that constitutional considerations may prevail where there is a collision between immunity and &quot;supreme principles of the constitutional order&quot;   

sexual enslavement of Korean women during Japan's colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula prior to 1945. Seoul Central District court ordered Japan to compensate twelve women.&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, &quot;South Korea's Denial of Japan's Immunity for International Crimes: Restricting or bypassing the law of state immunity?&quot; Völkerrechtsblog (Jan. 18, 2021). &lt;/ref&gt; Japan refused to participate. 


--issues remain as to scope of State agencies entitled to immunity and extent of acts considered non-immune on the basis of their commercial character

Courts in South Korea and Brazil have found no immunity with respect to claims based on ''jus cogens'' committed in the territory of those States&lt;ref&gt;Vessela Terzieva, &quot;State Immunity and Victims' Rights to Access to Court, Reparation, and the Truth,&quot; 22 Int'l Crim. L. Rev. 780, 781 (2022).&lt;/ref&gt; -- victims' right of access to court ; Italian Constitutional Court in Judgment No. 238&lt;ref&gt;Italian Constitutional Court, Judgment No. 238 (Oct. 22, 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;

====  c. Key Issues ====   

recent examples of denial of immunity as a form of countermeasure?&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Franchini, State Immunity as a Tool of Foreign Policy: The Unanswered Question of ''Certain Iranian Assets'', 60 Va. J. Int'l L. 433 (2020)&lt;/ref&gt; Fox &amp; Webb suggest that the matter is &quot;questionable&quot; and note that the ICJ did not address the issue in ''Jurisdictional Immunities'' because Italy had maintained that it was justified in denying immunity to Germany on the basis of an alleged exception for grave human rights violations&lt;ref&gt;Fox &amp; Webb, p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;    

waiver; consent        

''Mothers of Srebrenica''


state-owned enterprises, piercing corporate veil

balance with human rights / ECHR cases ''Al Adsani v. UK --'' state immunity and Article 6 ECHR


Possibility of implicit waiver -- question of the relevance of NY Convention, ICSID Convention etc. ; Reference to settling a dispute under domestic law usually not enough.


Tension with human rights and right to a remedy. -- jus cogens 

Justice Against State Sponsors of Terrorism (JASTA)   

''Certain Iranian Assets'' --terrorism-related judgments and asset attachments ; Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act, immunity of state-owned companies and Bank Markazi &quot;state-sponsors of terrorism&quot; exception as designated by Secretary of State      

TWAIL critique &lt;ref&gt;B.S. Chimney, &quot;The International Law of Jurisdiction: A TWAIL Perspective&quot; (Nov. 17, 2021).&lt;/ref&gt;   

===II. Foreign State Official Immunity ===
immunity granted to State officials is derivative of sovereign equality of States

--''Ratione personae --'' status-based immunity

--''Ratione materiae --'' immunity based on the nature of the act  


''Arrest Warrant'' case -- immunity from criminal jurisdiction of an incumbent minister of foreign affairs; issue of warrant for the arrest of a serving minister of another State; crimes against humanity; ICJ held that Belgium breached international law. 

troika --heads of state, heads of government; other ministers: minister for foreign affairs

''Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal)'' -- exercise of jurisdiction over former head of state; torture; obligation to prosecute or extradite when accused of serious crimes; ICJ deemed Senegal responsible for failing to take action in relation to alleged crimes of torture. 

--duty to waive

--Debate over ILC Draft Article 7 -- growing efforts to limit immunity in cases involving grave violation of human rights

--''Djubouti v. France --'' immunity of a visiting head of State; witness summons, notice to host State as condition of immunity;   


''Pinochet'' case 
 
UNCLOS and Convention on the High Seas -- immunities for warships or State-owned or operated vessels used for government purposes, 

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation      

Before int'l tribunals -- ''Arrest Warrant'' -- serving or former minister or head of State &quot;may be subject to criminal proceedings before certain international criminal courts, where they have jurisdiction. Rome Statute Article 27(2) -- provides that immunities which may attach to the official capacity of a person shall not bar the ICC from exercising jurisdiction over such a person. ICTY and ICTR Statutes, like Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, provide that immunity arising from a defendant's official capacity is not a defense. The issue remains unresolved, in part because ICTY &amp; ICTR set up under Chapter VII, and Nuremberg involved complete surrender    

-- Role of UN Security Council in waiving immunity    

--Convention on Special Missions (1985), pertaining to special missions sent by one State to another with the latter's consent. Persons on special missions are inviolable, not liable to arrest or detention, and immune from criminal jurisdiction                    

--recent discussion about inapplicability of immunity in the case of wars of aggression                     

==B. Diplomatic, Consular, and Related Immunities ==

Diplomatic and consular immunities can also be understood as deriving from the concepts of State sovereignty and the sovereign equality of States. Unlike sovereign immunity itself, and perhaps more in line with the immunity of State officials, the emphasis of diplomatic and related immunities is less on the dignity of the sovereign and more on the need to ensure the effective functioning of diplomatic missions, which are by nature tasked with operating outside of their home State territory. These immunities are grounded in a number of sources, including, most importantly, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963).  


inviolability -- Article 22 VCDR&lt;ref&gt;Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 500 UNTS 95, (1972) 23 UST 3227, TIAS No 7502, Art.22&lt;/ref&gt; -- (1) premises immune from search, attachment, etc.

--Service of Legal process  

(2) duty of receiving State to &quot;take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity&quot; ''Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran case''&lt;ref&gt;United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, United States v Iran, Merits, [1980] ICJ Rep 3, 24th May 1980.&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Obligation to &quot;respect and protect&quot; mission even if diplomatic relations cut&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 45(a)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Archives of diplomatic mission inviolable wherever and whenever they are located&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 24&lt;/ref&gt;

Diplomatic agents and private residence and property are inviolable&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Arts 29-30&lt;/ref&gt; 

Diplomatic agent also immune from criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State&lt;ref&gt;VCDR Art. 31&lt;/ref&gt;

--immunity from civil jurisdiction, but exceptions-- e.g. real property; 

waiver; ''persona non grata'' 

Debate over whether self-contained regime&lt;ref&gt;Rosanne van Alebeek, &quot;Immunity, Diplomatic,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 34.&lt;/ref&gt;

in contrast to heads of State, diplomatic agents possess privileges and immunities only in receiving State, and are only entitled to immunity in other States when transiting to and from post, not when traveling for private purposes.    

&lt;ref&gt;Eileen Denza, Diplomatic Law: Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (4th ed. 2016).&lt;/ref&gt;  

==C. Privileges &amp; Immunities of International Organizations ==

International organizations (IOs) are also afforded privileges and immunities under a variety of legal instruments. Such immunities are granted to the extent necessary to enable IOs to effectively exercise their functions. IO immunities ensure the protection of IO headquarters, property, assets, and personnel carrying out the work of an IO. The purpose of such immunities is to enable IOs to carry out their work unimpeded by the unilateral influence of member States, including those Member States in which the IO physically operates or carries out work.     

Unlike State-derived immunities, the privileges and immunities of international organizations are principally rooted in treaties, including both multilateral and bilateral instruments.&lt;ref&gt;[cite]&lt;/ref&gt; Beginning with the United Nations (UN), Article 105(1) of the UN Charter provides that the UN &quot;shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfillment of its purposes.&quot; Likewise, under Article 105(2), the Charter further provides that representatives of UN Member States and UN officials shall enjoy &quot;such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.&quot; Such privileges privileges are thus typically understood to be &quot;functional&quot; in nature as they are ultimately held by the IO, or in this case, the UN itself, and granted only to the extent necessary for &quot;fulfilment&quot; of the the organization's &quot;purposes&quot; and the &quot;functions.&quot; 

In order to clarify the details of this grant of privileges and immunities, Article 105(3) authorized the General Assembly to make recommendations and propose conventions further specifying the nature and extent of UN privileges and immunities. Two such conventions have been widely adopted: the General Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946), and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (1947). Included within these are provisions providing immunities for State representatives of member States participating in the work of the UN, experts on mission, and the personnel of the organization, as well as various provisions on currency exchange, taxation, and entrance. It remains an ongoing question whether any IO immunities can be sourced in custom.&lt;ref&gt;See Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (Crawford ed., 8th ed. 2019), p. 163&lt;/ref&gt;. freedom of communication ; representatives of members

A number of international organizations enjoy a broad immunities, typically stated as immunity from &quot;every form of legal process,&quot; though some organizations, such as the World Bank enjoy more restricted immunity on account of their more routine transacting with private parties. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 8; ''see also Cumaraswamy.''&lt;/ref&gt; --Experts on Mission (quasi-diplomatic immunity) ''Mazilu'' and ''Cumaraswamy'' 

Constitutive Instruments

Host-State &amp; Headquarters Agreements -- supplement immunities provided for by UN conventions; key examples are headquarters agreement with the U.S. for UN headquarters in New York and with Switzerland concerning the UN Office in Geneva            

Multilateral agreements -- Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the IAEA; Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Organization of American States; etc.  UN Convention on the Law of the Sea provides privileges and immunities for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea&lt;ref&gt;UNCLOS Annex VI.&lt;/ref&gt;                                    

In terms of operation, domestic legislation in some States may give effect to various IO immunities, such as for example the U.S. International Organizations Immunities Act (1945), and the U.K. International Organizations Act (1968). In relation to the practical application of immunities, the role of the UN Secretariat of            

--role of the UN Secretary General in determining whether an individual has acted within his capacity within the IO; duty to waive             

--functional vs. absolute    ''Jam'' ''v. International Finance Corporation''&lt;ref&gt;Jam v. IFC, 139 S. Ct. 759 (2019)&lt;/ref&gt; case and commercial activity exception

-- restrictive doctrine? Most academics maintaining that the doctrine of restrictive immunity developed in relation to States is not simply transferrable to IOs.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), paras. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; With respect to State practice, Italy and the U.S. are understood to serve as outliers.&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2009), para. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;  IOIA &quot;shall enjoy the same immunity from suit and every form of judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments&quot;&lt;ref&gt;22 U.S.C. § 288a(b)&lt;/ref&gt;        

--similar to diplomatic immunities, IOs enjoy inviolability of premises and archives  

--concerns for abuse 

Italy also followed the restrictive approach prior to ratifying the Specialized Agencies Convention&lt;ref&gt;Chanaka Wickremasinghe, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (July 2009), paras. 18-19.&lt;/ref&gt;  


Depending on the exact nature of the immunities in question, and the domestic legal system involved, States may need to intervene to assert immunities.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. municipal courts have an obligation to decide with the question of immunity from legal process as a preliminary issue &quot;expeditiously ''ex limine litis''&quot;. 
''Cumaraswamy''&lt;ref&gt;''Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission of Human Rights'', Advisory Opinion, 29 April 1999, ICJ Rep. 1999, p. 62, para. 67 &lt;/ref&gt;  --''Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of the UN Headquarters Agreement''


The ILC's work on 'Representation of States in their relations with international organizations’ (1963–75) was not ultimately successful and eventually was dropped.&lt;ref&gt;Mirka Moldner, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Privileges and Immunities,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (May 2011).&lt;/ref&gt; In particular, the Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations was not well received and has not entered into force.  
  
Questions of waiver in the context of contracts and arbitration -- some constitutive instruments provide this waiver. ''Mendaro'' case in D.C

--issue of disputes between employees and the IO;  UN Dispute Tribunal and UN AppealsTribunal ; ILO Administrative Tribunal


Monism/dualism ---  ''PAHO v. Rodriguez'' (D.C. Cir. 2022) -- rejected the Pan-American Health Organization's argument that the immunities found in its constitutive instrument and to which it was entitled under the UN Charter were self-executing.  

ECHR -- ''Waite and Kennedy''  -- availability of alternative avenues of redress 


Dispute settlement -- advisory opinion which shall be accepted as decisive. Some question about to whom obligations are owed -- to the UN or IO itself, or to other parties, or both.&lt;ref&gt;Mirka Moldner, &quot;International Organizations or Institutions, Privileges and Immunities,&quot; Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (May 2011), para. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;

Question of immunities owed by States not party to relevant instrument / whether or not members of the IO.

Conferences, peacekeeping -- controversy over abuse in peacekeeping context.


&lt;ref&gt;August Reinisch, &quot;Privileges and Immunities,&quot; in The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations (Katz Cogan et al. eds. 2016).&lt;/ref&gt;


TWAIL critique of envoy immunity; ''Reparations'' case

== D. Other Issues ==

Apart from those mentioned above, a few additional immunities deserve mention. The first concerns immunities which may be provided for in status of forces agreements (SOFAs). For example [ ]     []  Such agreements are typically arranged on a bilateral basis and [] 

Also relevant to the conduct of military forces are immunities pertaining to participants in armed conflict, as well as the potential role of immunities before international courts and tribunals. Beginning with the first issue, combatant immunity refers to the rule of international humanitarian law (IHL) barring the prosecution of combatants for merely participating in hostilities. This means that combatants remain immune from prosecution for offenses permitted by IHL, such as murder of enemy forces. Combatant immunity does not apply, however, to shield a combatant from accountability for war crimes. [ ]

In recent years, an important debate in the field of international law has centered on the question of the availability of immunities before international courts and tribunals. The traditional view is that official capacity of a defendant is irrelevant to his prosecution for international crimes. As provided for in Article 27(1) of the Rome Statute, the status of an individual as a head of State of government, member of government, or other elected person &quot;shall in no case exempt a person from criminal responsibility&quot; under the Rome Statute. Further, as indicated in Article 27(2), &quot;[I]mmunities or special procedural rules which may attach to the official capacity of a person, whether under national or international law, shall not bar the Court from exercising its jurisdiction over such a person.&quot; Such rules are similarly found in [ ]  Despite these provisions, considerable controversy has arisen over the issue of whether high-ranking officials of non-State parties to the Rome Statute are nonetheless entitled to immunities owed to such persons in the territory of foreign States, as discussed above. 

In connection with this debate, the effort by the United States to conclude a host of bilateral immunity agreements whereby such contracting States agreed to prevent ICC from exercising jurisdiction over U.S. personnel reflects a further effort to use immunity to shield State actors from accountability.


&lt;nowiki&gt;----&lt;/nowiki&gt;TWAIL perspective on Al Bashir

 
&lt;references /&gt;

==Further Readings==
* Source I
* Source II


&lt;!--Please do not delete the part under this comment--&gt;  
{{OpenRewi/Chapter-End}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>sdqwiidq3p96q52erc7gvlo0gdc3ubt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>German/Grammar/Possessives and the genitive case</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>441432</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088339</id>
      <parentid>4024495</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:37:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RDBury</username>
        <id>100013</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Small fixes</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9319" xml:space="preserve">== Possessives and the genitive case ==
There is one remaining German case to cover, the genitive. Unlike the other cases, which are used to tell you the relationship between a noun and the verb, the genitive is used to tell you the relationship between a noun and another noun. Specifically, it's the same relationship expressed by possessive pronouns and determiners, except there are no special pronouns involved here. Note that possessive pronouns are not examples of the genitive case since they are declined by the case of the thing being &quot;owned&quot;. So the genitive in German is usually only applied to nouns and replaces the &quot;'s&quot; suffix in English that shows ownership.

The German genitive case is almost always used when the English possessive is applicable, and it's often used when the preposition &quot;of&quot; is used in English with the alternative being the preposition ''von''. You may want to review the terminology in the section on pronomial possessives to refresh your memory on the distinction between grammatical possession and actual ownership.

It is often said, and there's no point in omitting it here, that the genitive is disappearing from German. Its function can, and often is, replaced by something else, usually the preposition ''von''. While this may be so, the process seems to be taking place very slowly and it seems unlikely that it will be done any time soon. So, while it's not as common as the other cases, it is still used enough to make it necessary to learn the grammar associated with it. We could postpone discussing it because it's not used as frequently, but much further delay will cause problems since we still have a lot to do with declension and it makes sense to do all the cases at once when we cover the rest of it.

=== Forming the genitive ===
In English, possession is usually shown by adding &quot;'s&quot; to the end of the noun; this is what we're calling the possessive case. In German, most word types have different forms for the genitive, though there is some similarity between the genitive and the dative.

The genitive of a noun phrase modifies a noun. In this way it's similar to an adjective except that it's usually (but not always) placed after the noun it modifies.

==== The genitive articles ====
In the genitive case, the definite articles are:
* ''des'' – &quot;the&quot; (with masculine nouns)
* ''der'' – &quot;the&quot; (with feminine nouns)
* ''des'' – &quot;the&quot; (with neuter nouns)
* ''der'' - &quot;the&quot; (with plural nouns, of any gender)
and the indefinite articles are:
* ''eines'' – &quot;a(n)&quot; (with masculine nouns)
* ''einer'' – &quot;a(n)&quot; (with feminine nouns)
* ''eines'' – &quot;a(n)&quot; (with neuter nouns)
* (nothing) - (nothing) (with plural nouns)

Examples:
* ''Wir wohnen am Fuß des Berges.'' – &quot;We live at the foot of the mountain.&quot;
** This could also be translated as &quot;We live at the mountain's foot,&quot; but from now on we'll just list the version that seems more idiomatic. Mountains don't actually have feet of course, and if they did you wouldn't say they &quot;owned&quot; them, so this is an example of close connection rather than ownership.
* ''Sie bringt Freude ins Leben der Leute.'' – &quot;She brings joy into people's lives.&quot;
* ''Ich habe ein Foto eines Hundes.'' – &quot;I have a photo of a dog.&quot;
* ''Ich liebe den Geruch einer Blume.'' – &quot;I love the smell of a flower.&quot;
* ''Der Dotter eines Eies ist gelb.'' – &quot;The yolk of an egg is yellow.&quot;
* ''Das Haus des Bürgermeisters ist groß.'' – &quot;The mayor's house is large.&quot;
* ''Die Leute der Stadt sind zufrieden.'' – &quot;The city's people are contented.&quot;
* ''Das Spielzeug des Kindes ist bunt.'' – &quot;The child's toy is colorful.&quot;
* ''Die Schule der Kinder ist gut.'' – &quot;The children's school is good.&quot;

You may notice that the noun endings are declined here, and we'll talk about this a bit.

The endings of ''ein'' words such as possessive determiners are the same as the endings of the indefinite articles here as with the other cases. The genitives of a possessive determiners are useful for a chain of possession where X belongs to Y which in turn belongs to Z:
* ''Das Handy meines Sohnes ist kaputt.'' – &quot;My son's cellphone is broken.

The genitive for the plural form of these words is formed with an ''-er'' ending as with the feminine. So:
* ''meiner'' – &quot;my&quot; (with plural nouns)
For example:
* ''Die Eltern meiner Frau sind hier.'' – &quot;My wife's parents are here.&quot;
* ''Dies ist das Land unserer Väter.'' – &quot;This is the land of our fathers.&quot;
* ''Das Haus meiner Eltern ist alt.'' – &quot;My parent's house is old.&quot;

The genitive forms for ''keiner'' are rare since a sentence that might use one can almost always be rephrased to avoid it. The genitive form for ''welcher'', the only ''der'' word we've done so far, is rare as well, so we'll talk about the genitive case of other ''der'' words when they come up.

==== Genitive nouns ====
Forming the genitive of nouns is, unfortunately, not as straightforward as one might hope. The most common pattern is to add an ''(e)s'' ending if the noun is masculine or neuter (even if the noun already ends with ''-s''), and to do nothing if the noun is feminine or plural. You may recall though, that there is a troublesome group of masculine nouns which don't follow the normal pattern in the accusative case. These nouns add an ''-(e)n'' ending in the accusative, and since the dative case is the same as the accusative case for nouns, they have the same ending there as well. They add the ''-(e)n'' ending in the genitive, but some (not all) add an additional ''-s'' on top of that. The result is that there are three classes of masculine nouns:
#) Those that only add an ''-(e)s'' ending in the genitive. This includes most masculine nouns.
#) Those that add an ''-(e)n'' ending in the accusative, dative and genitive. Included here are ''Mensch'', ''Junge'', ''Hase'', ''Kollege'' and ''Kunde''. These are mostly either animals or people.
#) Those that add an ''-(e)n'' ending in the accusative, dative, and an ''-(e)ns'' in the genitive. Included here are ''Name'', and ''Buchstabe''.

Some grammars gives names to these groups, following a system of &quot;strong&quot;, &quot;weak&quot; and &quot;mixed&quot;, but this jargon seems to have little value to learners because it doesn't do anything but give names to the patterns. In addition, we've already talked about &quot;strong&quot; and &quot;weak&quot; verbs, which is an unrelated classification, and overloading these words with another set of meanings seems confusing.

Plurals have the same form in the genitive as in the nominative and accusative; only the dative requires a special ending for plurals.

Finally, the neuter noun ''Herz'' – &quot;heart&quot; is irregular. The accusative is the same as the nominative. The Dative can be ''Herz'' or ''Herzen'', depending in part on the meaning. And the genitive is ''Herzens''. The plural for all cases is ''Herzen''. There are a few other nouns which had irregularities in the past, but you would rarely encounter these irregular forms in normal conversation.

The genitive of a name is usually formed by adding ''-(e)s''. For names already ending in ''-s'', ''-z'' or ''-ß'', just add an apostrophe as in English when a name ends in &quot;-s&quot;. In this case the genitive comes first. So
* ''Naomis Auto'' – &quot;Naomi's car&quot;
* ''Hans' Haus'' – &quot;Hans' house&quot;


==== The genitive pronouns ====
Most of the time a possessive determiner would be used in place of a genitive personal pronoun, and the genitive pronouns are rarely used. The inflection table is given here for completeness.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+'''Personal Pronouns (Genitive)'''
|-
!  Person !! Masculine !! Feminine !! Neuter !! Plural
|-
| '''First'''
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | meiner || unser
|-
| '''Second''' (informal)
|  colspan=&quot;3&quot; | deiner || euer
|-
| '''Second''' (formal)
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Ihrer
|-
| '''Third'''
| seiner || ihrer || seiner || ihrer
|-
|}

The genitive form of the interrogative pronoun ''wer'' is ''wessen'' and is more common:
* ''Wessen Pullover ist blau?'' – &quot;Whose sweater is blue?&quot;

=== Miscellaneous uses of the genitive ===
Occasionally you'll see the genitive case used without an accompanying noun. One example of this is that certain prepositions are often followed by a genitive. and we'll cover these in another section.

Some adjectives can be used with a noun in the genitive; this usually happens when &quot;of&quot; would be called for in English. Most of the time the genitive can be replaced by &quot;von&quot; in such phrases. The trend seems to be toward using &quot;von&quot;, but it seems German is in a transitional phase on this issue and there's no telling when or if everyone will be on board with the change. Some examples:
* ''Der Mann ist schuldig des Verbrechens.'' – &quot;The man is guilty of the crime.&quot;
* ''Ich bin westlich der Stadt.'' – &quot;I'm west of the city.&quot;

Another use is a somewhat idiomatic figure of speech involving a unspecified day or part of one.
* ''eines Tages, eines Abends, eines Morgens'' – &quot;one day&quot;, &quot;one evening&quot;, &quot;one morning&quot;
These expressions use the genitive. For example:
* ''Eines Tages wirst du mich verstehen.'' – &quot;Someday you will understand me.&quot;
Even though ''Nacht'' is feminine, and shouldn't have an ending in the genitive, one still says ''Eines Nachts'' in this type of phrase.

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{German/Grammar/Footer}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>76qrq33arpmdk8yqesxzim20end33wm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>German/Grammar/Modal auxiliary verbs</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>441702</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088469</id>
      <parentid>4026178</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T10:20:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RDBury</username>
        <id>100013</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Compound verbs, modal adverbs (start), small fixes and example treaks</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16831" xml:space="preserve">== Modal auxiliary verbs ==
In this section we'll cover verbs which combine with the infinitive of other verbs to create a new meaning. We've seen one of these already, ''werden'', which combines with an infinitive to form the future tense.

=== Terminology ===
We introduced auxiliary verbs in the section on the future tense. In addition to forming new tenses, an auxiliary verb can change the meaning in some other way. There are other special forms of verbs which can be used with auxiliary verbs, for example the verb &quot;to have&quot; combines with the special form &quot;seen&quot; of the verb &quot;to see&quot; to form the perfect tense, a type of past tense: &quot;He has seen.&quot; (In this case the special form is called the past participle and we'll be covering the German version in more detail later.) In this section we'll be covering only those verbs which combine with the infinitive of another verb.

A modal verb is an auxiliary verb that changes the modality of a sentence. Modality is used to indicate possibility or desire rather than actual fact. For example &quot;He sees a dog,&quot; expresses a simple fact, but &quot;He can see a dog,&quot; expresses a possibility; he might not see the dog at the moment but he can if he wants to. In both German and English, modality is usually expressed by combining an auxiliary verb with the infinitive of the main verb.

There are some verbs that might be called auxiliary because they combine with another verbs, but they don't form a new tense or change the modality. English, in most cases, requires the verbs to be connected with a &quot;to&quot;:
* &quot;We decided to buy.&quot;
It's also possible that verb can combined with the gerund, formed in English by adding &quot;-ing&quot;, of another verb:
* &quot;We don't encourage smoking.&quot;
These are handled differently in German and we'll be covering them in other sections.

The sentence structure with a modal verb is the same as with ''werden'' and the future tense. As an example we'll use ''dürfen'', which is similar to &quot;may&quot;; in the first person singular it's ''darf''. Compare:
* ''Werde ich dich küssen? – &quot;Will I kiss you?&quot;
* ''Darf ich dich küssen?'' – &quot;May I kiss you?&quot;
In both, the auxiliary verb is conjugated and placed where the finite verb should go, in this case the first position because it's a polar question. And in both cases the main verb is changed to the infinitive and moved to the end of the clause.

The six modal verbs in German are ''dürfen'', ''können'', ''mögen'', ''müssen'', ''sollen'' and ''wollen''. This is almost the same list as the past-like present verbs we covered in the section on irregular verbs. The verb &quot;wissen&quot; is absent because it can't be used as a modal verb. Of the rest, we've only covered ''mögen'' and ''wollen'' in detail there because they have non-modal meanings. We'll also cover ''lassen'' here because it's &quot;modal-like&quot;, an edge case that should have special treatment.

=== ''dürfen'' ===
You use ''dürfen'' for permission or to be allowed to do something. It's usual translation is &quot;may&quot;. It follows the past-like present conjugation pattern with a vowel change from ''ü'' to ''a'' in the singular of the present tense. Examples:
* ''Darf ich dich küssen?'' – &quot;May I kiss you?&quot;
* ''Wir dürfen die Kekse essen.'' – &quot;We may eat the cookies.&quot;

=== ''können'' ===
You use ''können'' to express the ability to do something, much like its English cognate &quot;can&quot;. It follows the past-like present conjugation pattern with a vowel change from ''ö'' to ''a'' in the singular of the present tense. Examples:
* ''Er kann einen Hund sehen.'' – &quot;He can see a dog.&quot;
* ''Wir können in die USA fliegen.'' – &quot;We can fly to the US.&quot;

As with the English &quot;can&quot;, ''können'' is sometimes used informally to express permission rather than ability.

=== ''mögen'' ===
Recall that ''mögen'' as a transitive verb means to like or enjoy something. But when combined with an infinitive it expresses a possibility. This sense is similar to its English cognate &quot;may&quot;, though &quot;might&quot; is often a better translation. Confusingly, ''mögen'' is not used for permission as &quot;may&quot; is in English; for permission use ''dürfen''. There is a great deal of overlap in meaning between ''mögen'' and ''können'' here; ''können'' is usually preferred and it's unusual to use ''mögen'' in this sense. We'll see that ''mögen'' gets more use in the subjunctive, but that will be covered in another section. Example:
* ''Es mag so sein.'' – &quot;It might be so.&quot;

=== ''müssen'' ===
This is a cognate to the English &quot;must&quot; and usually has about the same meaning, expressing a need or obligation to do something. It's often better to translate this as &quot;have to&quot;; see the section on negation below. It follows the past-like present conjugation pattern with a vowel change from ''ü'' to ''u'' in the singular of the present tense. Examples:
* ''Ich muss gehen.'' – &quot;I have to go.&quot;
* ''Wir müssen hier bleiben. '' – &quot;We must stay here.&quot;

=== ''sollen'' ===
This is cognate to both &quot;shall&quot; and &quot;should&quot; in English, but the meaning is closer to &quot;should&quot;. This could be a question of morality or it can be a recommended action. It can also mean that something is intended or supposed to happen; in this sense it's a kind of imperative. It can only mean &quot;shall&quot; in the biblical sense, as in &quot;Thou shalt not steal.&quot; With such a variety of possibilities, you need to pay attention to context to understand the correct meaning. It follows the past-like present conjugation pattern with no vowel change. Examples:
* ''Du solltest deine Mutter anrufen.'' – &quot;You should call your mother.&quot; (Moral issue)
* ''Du solltest Gemüse essen.'' – &quot;You should eat vegetables.&quot; (Recommendation)
* ''Wir sollen drinnen bleiben.'' – &quot;We're supposed to stay inside.&quot; (Intention)

=== ''wollen'' ===
As we mentioned in the section on irregular verbs, this is a cognate to the English &quot;will&quot; but has a very different meaning. Fortunately, its meaning as a modal verb is nearly the same as its non-modal meaning, to express a desire to do something or for something to happen. This is similar, in both meanings, to the English &quot;want&quot;. Examples:
* ''Ich will meinem Mann ein Geschenk kaufen.'' – &quot;I want to buy my husband a gift.&quot;
* ''Wir wollen ihm nicht schaden.'' – &quot;We don't want to harm him.&quot;

=== ''lassen'' ===
This is a cognate to the English &quot;let&quot; and often means &quot;to allow&quot; or &quot;to give permission&quot;. So it's meaning is closely related to ''dürfen'', which is modal, and so it follows that ''lassen'' is at least &quot;semimodal&quot;. Perhaps &quot;modal-like&quot; or &quot;modal adjacent&quot; would work here as well. There are some differences between this and the six &quot;canonical modal&quot; verbs. First, it's not a past-like present verb like the others, just an ordinary stem-changing verb with the ''a'' changing to ''ä'' in the second (informal) and third person singular. Second, an additional object, the person or thing that's being &quot;allowed&quot;, needs to be included. This will have the accusative case, which means the sentence as whole can have two accusative objects. The one that relates to ''lassen'' comes first, and the one relating to the infinitive verb comes later. There are many other meanings for this verb; a dictionary is a better place for most of them. But another one that's relevant here is &quot;to have (someone) do (something)&quot; or &quot;to make (someone) do (something)&quot;. Again, with multiple meanings you have to use context to understand what is actually meant. Examples:
* ''Lass mich dich küssen. '' – &quot;Let me kiss you.&quot;
* ''Er lässt mich sein Haus bauen.'' – &quot;He's having me build his house.&quot;
* ''Der Rauch lässt den Alarm schrillen.'' – &quot;The smoke is setting off the alarm.&quot;
**Literally, &quot;The smoke is causing the alarm to sound (shrilly).&quot;

=== Compound verbs ===
German, as we know, likes to combine words to form compound words, sometimes novel ones which are only used in a single sentence. When this happens with two verbs, the result looks like one of them is being used as a modal verb and this is another edge case. To translate these compounds into English, you'd typically use the &quot;-ing&quot; form for the part of the compound that's in the infinitive. For example:
* ''Wir gehen wandern.'' – &quot;We're going hiking.&quot;
Another possibility is to convert the &quot;bare&quot; infinitive in German to the &quot;to&quot; infinitive in English.
* ''Mein Kind lernt lesen.'' – &quot;My child is learning to read.&quot;
These formulas don't always work though and sometimes you just have to find different phrasing:
* ''Ich gehe einen Kaffee trinken.'' – &quot;I'm going for a coffee.&quot;

These are not a true modal verbs since only certain combinations are possible. For example ''gehen'' would only be used for certain activities, presumably those which can only be done at another location. You can see the true nature of these compound verbs in the infinitive; they're similar to ordinary separable verbs except that the prefix, in this case a verb, is separated from the other verb by a space. So:
* ''Wir werden wandern gehen.'' – &quot;We will go hiking.&quot;
** The infinitve is ''wandern gehen''.
* ''Mein Kind will lesen lernen.'' – &quot;My child wants to learn to read.&quot;
** The infinitve is ''lesen lernen''.
* ''Darf ich einen Kaffee trinken gehen?'' – &quot;May I go for a coffee?&quot;
** The infinitve is ''trinken gehen''.

You may see some of these compounds included in dictionaries. Of particular note is:
* ''spazieren gehen'' – &quot;to go for a walk&quot;

=== Infinitive dropping ===
When the infinitive verb associated with a modal verb is implied by context and the rest of the sentence, it's not unusual to simply drop it. This often occurs:
* With the generic verbs ''machen'' and ''tun''. For example:
** ''Das kannst du nicht.'' – &quot;You're not allowed to do that.&quot;
* With a phrase for a location and the verbs ''gehen'' and ''kommen''. For example:
** ''Wir dürfen ins Haus.'' – &quot;We're allowed (to go/come) in the house.&quot;
** ''Du musst weg.'' – &quot;You have to go.&quot;
*** This can also be parsed using the separable verb ''wegmüssen''. Both interpretations use the same words and have the same meaning.
* With the name of a language and ''können''.
** ''Ich kann Niederländisch.'' – &quot;I know Dutch.&quot;
*** In this case ''können'' can be replaced with ''kennen'' without changing the meaning much.

=== Negation with modal auxiliaries ===
Negation in German works differently from English when it comes to ''müssen''. With the English &quot;must&quot; the negation is applied to the infinite verb. So in &quot;You must not go,&quot; the meaning is that &quot;not going&quot; is the only possibility. In German, the negation is applied to the auxiliary verb or the sentence as a whole. So ''Du musst nicht gehen,'' means that it's false that &quot;You must go.&quot; In other words it means &quot;You don't have to go,&quot; rather than &quot;You must not go.&quot; This is quite a difference in meaning and it can be quite confusing to English speakers. But the same issue exists with most of the modal auxiliaries to varying degrees, and it's a very good idea to translate the meaning to an English expression involving &quot;to&quot;, at least mentally, before attempting to translate the negation. So think of the following more complicated phrases instead of the word for word translation when dealing with negation.
* ''dürfen'' – &quot;to be allowed to&quot;
* ''können'' – &quot;to be able to&quot;
* ''müssen'' – &quot;to have to&quot;
* ''wollen'' – &quot;to want to&quot;

For example:
* ''Wir dürfen die Kekse nicht essen.'' – &quot;We're not allowed to eat the cookies.&quot; (Not &quot;We're allowed to not eat the cookies.&quot;)
**This is the way you'd say &quot;We must not eat the cookies.&quot;
* ''Ich kann es nicht fassen.'' – &quot;I'm not able to believe it.&quot; or &quot;I can't believe it.&quot; (Not &quot;I'm able to not believe it.)

It seems ''sollen'' is an exception to this; negations involving ''sollen'' are applied to the infinitive.

=== Modal adverbs ===
Another way to express modality is to use modal adverbs. Modal adverbs, also called modal particles, are words that add a certain flavor or mood to a sentence. These don't really exist in English, though this is arguable. Their meaning may also depend strongly on context, so modal adverbs are often difficult to translate. You may even see them left untransated when German is translated in to English, which may give the impression that they don't really have a meaning. Even the definition or a modal adverb is rather vague and there doesn't seem to be a universally agreed upon list of them; and there is some grey area between modal adverbs and sentence adverbs (for example ''natürlich'' ― &quot;naturally, of course&quot;, ''leider'' ― &quot;unfortunately&quot;, ''vielleicht'' ― &quot;perhaps&quot;). Many of these words also function as ordinary adverbs or other parts of speech, making the boundaries even fuzzier. But they have certain common characteristics that may serve to define the group:
* They modify the rest of the sentence rather than the verb itself, a trait they share with sentence adverbs. For this reason they can't be used to answer a question starting with &quot;when&quot;, &quot;where&quot; or &quot;how&quot;.
* They don't have a specific meaning, at least not a logical one, but mainly serve to convey a feeling about the sentence.
* Thay are usually placed immediately after the verb, or at least in the midddle of the sentence, and can't be moved in front of it like other adverbs. This is one way to distinguish them from sentence adverbs. Since they don't convey actual information, they are rarely placed in a prominent prosition at the end of a sentence, and never at the beginning. This is why they are often called particles rather than adverbs. In cases where they don't immediately follow the verb, they're probably meant to highlight a particular phrase. They might also be bumped away from the verb by a word which also likes to be close to it.
* They aren't stressed in speech. Again, because they don't convey actual information, there's no reason to accent them verbally.
* When several occur in a single sentence, they must be kept together.

We'll provide a list here, which will hopefully clarify what we mean by these characteristics, but keep in mind that there is no universal agreement on what should or should not be included in this list. We have met many of these words before since they are also used as other parts of speech. We won't attempt to include all possible meanings for these words, since that task is better suited to a dictionary, but we'll try to include enough of the important meanings so you can get a feel for how the words are used.

* ''doch'': This can express that what is being said is a reminder of what is already known or to point out something apparent:
** ''Es ist doch ein schöner Tag, gehen wir spazieren.'' – &quot;It's a beautiful day, let's go for a walk.&quot;
*** This might be said when you're already outside and can see what a nice day it is.
:In this sense it overlaps with ''ja'', to be covered below. But while ''ja'' is usually friendly, ''doch'' may convey some impatience:
:* ''Lass den Tiger in Ruhe, er ist doch gefährlich.'' – &quot;Leave the tiger alone, he's dangerous (as you ought to know).&quot;

* ''ja'': This says that a fact is already known or common knowlege, so it implies that what is being said is a friendly reminder.
** ''Wir sprechen Deutsch denn wir sind ja in Deutschland.'' – &quot;We speak German because we are in Germany.&quot;
*** In this case everyone knows what country they are in, so the part about being in Germany is just a reminder.
: It can be used to introduce a fact as a small consession before a contrasting fast. In this sense it my be translated by starting the sentence with &quot;sure&quot;.
:* ''Schokolade ist ja lecker, aber ich mag auch Vanille.'' – &quot;Sure, chocolate is tasty, but I also like vanilla.&quot;

* ''nur'': This is used in questions to express a sense of urgency. It might be translated as &quot;just&quot;.
** ''Was soll ich nur tun?'' – &quot;Just what am I supposed to do?&quot;
*** You might say this a panicky situation where it's clear that you must do ''something'', but you can't seem to think of anything.

* ''schon'': In an imperative this conveys a sense of urgency or impatience.
** ''Komm schon.'' – &quot;Come on./Hurry up.&quot;
***This might be said to someone who is lagging behind and you don't feel like waiting for them.
:In a regular sentence it may express confidence or emphasize the point, especially when you're trying to inspire confidence or hope in the other person.
:* ''Wir werden schon überleben.'' – &quot;I'm sure we will survive.&quot;
:Since ''schon'' has another meaning as an ordinary adverb, it should be avoided as a modal adverb when it would cause confusion.

* ''wohl'': This can be used where you might say something &quot;must be&quot; so, meaning you didn't actually see it but you're relatively certain anyway.
** ''Du machst wohl Witze!'' – &quot;You must be joking!&quot; (Literally: &quot;You must be making a joke!*)

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{German/Grammar/Footer}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n56wd3204knu8w3ypc4bct69wss7jy2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Imitation Whipped Topping</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>442234</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088375</id>
      <parentid>4081962</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T22:06:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nostriker</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>image</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="983" xml:space="preserve">{{Ingredient}}
[[File:Whipped topping signature select tub.jpg|thumb|A tub of frozen whipped topping]]
[[File:Pumpkin pie with Cool Whip on top.jpg|thumb|Pumpkin pie with imitation whipped topping]]
'''Imitation whipped topping''', sometimes referred to as 'whipped topping' or the brand name 'Cool Whip', is a stabilized [[Cookbook:Whipped Cream|whipped cream]] substitute. It typically contains little to no actual [[Cookbook:Cream|cream]], although it may contain some dairy. It is often sold ready-whipped in tubs, but it may also be sold as a powder or liquid to be whipped at home.

== External links ==

* https://www.thespruceeats.com/whipped-cream-765594#toc-whipped-cream-vs-whipped-topping
* https://www.allrecipes.com/article/cool-whip-vs-whipped-cream/
* https://www.foodnetwork.com/healthyeats/2016/06/good-or-bad-whipped-topping
* https://www.tasteofhome.com/article/whipped-topping-substitute/
* https://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/whipped-topping-frozen</text>
      <sha1>sfww3rdkc5ki95eyhk6ax3i1lhbr45n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:L10nM4st3r/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>443340</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088456</id>
      <parentid>4086034</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T06:24:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1972" xml:space="preserve">{{../nav}} | [[../Sandbox 2/]]

{{#invoke:User:L10nM4st3r/experiment|hello|Jack}}
{{#invoke:User:L10nM4st3r/experiment|split|a, test b, c.}}


&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:15%&quot;&gt;Just random text.&lt;/div&gt;


&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hide-notes&quot;&gt;{{Warning|'''Hungry lions!'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Do not give them their dinner, because ''you'' are the dinner.}}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hide-notes&quot;&gt;I'm jealous. You can see this but I can't :(&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hidden-notes&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Yes, of course I made a similar thing that has the reveced effects :) You know what, for being so smart, tell me if you can actually see this!&lt;/div&gt;

I have so many socks! I don't even know what to do with them. At least they feel soft, and aren't too small, either. Though a few have some holes in them :( I have socks of every colour of the rainbow, btw, multiple of each colour ;)

I got it! If I put my hand in them, it becomes a puppet, or more precisely: a sockpuppet! (please don't block me, I can explain: blocks in games like minecraft are too large, you can't add any detail!)


==You are now a reviewer==
Thanks for [[Special:Contributions/{{substsafe:PAGENAME}}|your contributions]]. You have recently been auto-promoted to reviewer, meaning you can [[WB:FR|flag revisions]] and use [[WB:ROLL|rollback]]. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 16:56, 21 July 2022 (UTC)
==You are now a reviewer==
Thanks for [[Special:Contributions/L10nM4st3r/sandbox|your contributions]]. You have recently been auto-promoted to reviewer, meaning you can [[WB:FR|flag revisions]] and use [[WB:ROLL|rollback]]. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 17:00, 21 July 2022 (UTC)


{{subst:User:L10nM4st3r}} - [[Special:Contribs/L10nM4st3r|c]] 06:24, 1 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ogga7gjesu2t2njcmg0xqs2ojye0610</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088457</id>
      <parentid>4088456</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T06:27:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* You are now a reviewer */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2062" xml:space="preserve">{{../nav}} | [[../Sandbox 2/]]

{{#invoke:User:L10nM4st3r/experiment|hello|Jack}}
{{#invoke:User:L10nM4st3r/experiment|split|a, test b, c.}}


&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:15%&quot;&gt;Just random text.&lt;/div&gt;


&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hide-notes&quot;&gt;{{Warning|'''Hungry lions!'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Do not give them their dinner, because ''you'' are the dinner.}}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hide-notes&quot;&gt;I'm jealous. You can see this but I can't :(&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hidden-notes&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Yes, of course I made a similar thing that has the reveced effects :) You know what, for being so smart, tell me if you can actually see this!&lt;/div&gt;

I have so many socks! I don't even know what to do with them. At least they feel soft, and aren't too small, either. Though a few have some holes in them :( I have socks of every colour of the rainbow, btw, multiple of each colour ;)

I got it! If I put my hand in them, it becomes a puppet, or more precisely: a sockpuppet! (please don't block me, I can explain: blocks in games like minecraft are too large, you can't add any detail!)


==You are now a reviewer==
Thanks for [[Special:Contributions/{{substsafe:PAGENAME}}|your contributions]]. You have recently been auto-promoted to reviewer, meaning you can [[WB:FR|flag revisions]] and use [[WB:ROLL|rollback]]. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 16:56, 21 July 2022 (UTC)
==You are now a reviewer==
Thanks for [[Special:Contributions/L10nM4st3r/sandbox|your contributions]]. You have recently been auto-promoted to reviewer, meaning you can [[WB:FR|flag revisions]] and use [[WB:ROLL|rollback]]. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 17:00, 21 July 2022 (UTC)


{{subst:User:L10nM4st3r}} - [[Special:Contribs/L10nM4st3r|c]] 06:24, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

{{SUBST:User:L10nM4st3r}} - [[Special:Contribs/L10nM4st3r|c]] 06:27, 1 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>jpdfdfldt5fsxarh6lv0mlueh9fwqsa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088458</id>
      <parentid>4088457</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T06:30:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* You are now a reviewer */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1976" xml:space="preserve">{{../nav}} | [[../Sandbox 2/]]

{{#invoke:User:L10nM4st3r/experiment|hello|Jack}}
{{#invoke:User:L10nM4st3r/experiment|split|a, test b, c.}}


&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:15%&quot;&gt;Just random text.&lt;/div&gt;


&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hide-notes&quot;&gt;{{Warning|'''Hungry lions!'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Do not give them their dinner, because ''you'' are the dinner.}}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hide-notes&quot;&gt;I'm jealous. You can see this but I can't :(&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hidden-notes&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Yes, of course I made a similar thing that has the reveced effects :) You know what, for being so smart, tell me if you can actually see this!&lt;/div&gt;

I have so many socks! I don't even know what to do with them. At least they feel soft, and aren't too small, either. Though a few have some holes in them :( I have socks of every colour of the rainbow, btw, multiple of each colour ;)

I got it! If I put my hand in them, it becomes a puppet, or more precisely: a sockpuppet! (please don't block me, I can explain: blocks in games like minecraft are too large, you can't add any detail!)


==You are now a reviewer==
Thanks for [[Special:Contributions/{{substsafe:PAGENAME}}|your contributions]]. You have recently been auto-promoted to reviewer, meaning you can [[WB:FR|flag revisions]] and use [[WB:ROLL|rollback]]. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 16:56, 21 July 2022 (UTC)
==You are now a reviewer==
Thanks for [[Special:Contributions/L10nM4st3r/sandbox|your contributions]]. You have recently been auto-promoted to reviewer, meaning you can [[WB:FR|flag revisions]] and use [[WB:ROLL|rollback]]. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 17:00, 21 July 2022 (UTC)


{{SUBST:User:L10nM4st3r/sig}} - [[Special:Contribs/L10nM4st3r|c]] 06:30, 1 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>evlsin8tnmxp7ezt3xn16ocb638i9jv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088459</id>
      <parentid>4088458</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T06:32:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* You are now a reviewer */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2205" xml:space="preserve">{{../nav}} | [[../Sandbox 2/]]

{{#invoke:User:L10nM4st3r/experiment|hello|Jack}}
{{#invoke:User:L10nM4st3r/experiment|split|a, test b, c.}}


&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:15%&quot;&gt;Just random text.&lt;/div&gt;


&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hide-notes&quot;&gt;{{Warning|'''Hungry lions!'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Do not give them their dinner, because ''you'' are the dinner.}}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hide-notes&quot;&gt;I'm jealous. You can see this but I can't :(&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;lionmaster-hidden-notes&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Yes, of course I made a similar thing that has the reveced effects :) You know what, for being so smart, tell me if you can actually see this!&lt;/div&gt;

I have so many socks! I don't even know what to do with them. At least they feel soft, and aren't too small, either. Though a few have some holes in them :( I have socks of every colour of the rainbow, btw, multiple of each colour ;)

I got it! If I put my hand in them, it becomes a puppet, or more precisely: a sockpuppet! (please don't block me, I can explain: blocks in games like minecraft are too large, you can't add any detail!)


==You are now a reviewer==
Thanks for [[Special:Contributions/{{substsafe:PAGENAME}}|your contributions]]. You have recently been auto-promoted to reviewer, meaning you can [[WB:FR|flag revisions]] and use [[WB:ROLL|rollback]]. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 16:56, 21 July 2022 (UTC)
==You are now a reviewer==
Thanks for [[Special:Contributions/L10nM4st3r/sandbox|your contributions]]. You have recently been auto-promoted to reviewer, meaning you can [[WB:FR|flag revisions]] and use [[WB:ROLL|rollback]]. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 17:00, 21 July 2022 (UTC)


{{SUBST:User:L10nM4st3r/sig}} - [[Special:Contribs/L10nM4st3r|c]] 06:30, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

&lt;sup&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; / &lt;sub&gt;[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; - [[Special:Contribs/L10nM4st3r|c]] 06:32, 1 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>7tdo6w8uuhemgnhst83beq844epthaf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Einschlauesding</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>443393</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088233</id>
      <parentid>4088035</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T14:58:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Einschlauesding</username>
        <id>3381683</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6025" xml:space="preserve">{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = User talk:Einschlauesding/Archive/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(2d)
|counter = 1
|archiveheader = {{aan}}
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}__NOTOC__


== Things ==
I was playing with this older child today. The annoying one. Played minecraft and wii-u sports all day. My mom needs to buy a second switch for the children. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 18:02, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Hello? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 18:06, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

Wait what older child?  [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 19:52, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

:The older kid I told you my mum looks after. Can't say more than that. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:11, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

Ah yeah sorry  [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 20:14, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:I'm addicted to peanuts &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:45, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

I'm addicted to music [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 21:00, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Everybody already knows. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:I'm not quite addicted, I ''can'' survive if I don't have any, but I love them.. More than most things. I went through a quarter of a bag of salted peanuts in a single hour. Maybe I should slow down if I want some tomorrow.&lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Though I think you ''are'' heavily addicted to music &quot;I would die without music&quot; (something like that anyway) I think you once told me in stardew valley, right? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Dammit! The guy is here all week!? I'll never get my game done at this rate.. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 06:55, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

I also like peanuts but I can't eat much of them. I don't know why. And yeah I love music, I listen to music 24/7 and that's why I couldn't imagine my life without it lol just like a normal addiction? [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 09:18, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:At least a music addiction is better than one to something like alcohol. What kind of music? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 11:29, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

Yeah you're right haha. I actually don't have a specific genre I listen to but here are some genres: hip-hop,rap,pop,indie/-lo-fi,metal,rock,rap,synthpop,phonk,j-pop,k-pop,wave and yeah I don't remember more right now sorry haha [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 13:52, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:Well, now I made explosions look cooler in my game. I'm mainly focusing on the graphics right now. Today I will (try) to add more graphical effects. It takes minimum time, which is gonna be all I get this week. Next I'll add particles and sounds when you kill things. &quot;Blood&quot; (aka bits of slime and bone for the current enemies) and &quot;gore&quot; (aka skeleton ribs and arms and skull). Not highly realistic gore (obviously) but pixelated. I aim for 12+ ages, so a bit like in terraria. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 08:32, 21 July 2022 (UTC)
:Now I added a non-spoiler help screen. It's non-spoiler because it requires you to do certain actions (typically craft an item) for certain pieces of information to be unlocked. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 15:10, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

Yoo that's coooooool [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 15:11, 24 July 2022 (UTC)
:My aunt was over today. And I figured out why I couldnt play Fortnite! It was so simple: Delete a game so Fortnite can start up!
:I added more armour and bows to my game, a gun item, a new enemy, and more. There are 98 blocks and items now. It's crazy: the first boss dropps nothing, but almost a hundred items exist! (I hate skeletons.  Your minding your own business in a cave, then you see a bone fly across your screen and you're like &quot;Oh man, I'm gonna die aagain!&quot;) &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:58, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

Very nice! I also hate skeletons lol [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 14:58, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>enboalgfrlpmlqblqb765ct7ddbbxru</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088372</id>
      <parentid>4088233</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T21:18:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Einschlauesding</username>
        <id>3381683</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6219" xml:space="preserve">{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = User talk:Einschlauesding/Archive/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(2d)
|counter = 1
|archiveheader = {{aan}}
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}__NOTOC__


== Things ==
I was playing with this older child today. The annoying one. Played minecraft and wii-u sports all day. My mom needs to buy a second switch for the children. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 18:02, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Hello? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 18:06, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

Wait what older child?  [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 19:52, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

:The older kid I told you my mum looks after. Can't say more than that. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:11, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

Ah yeah sorry  [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 20:14, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:I'm addicted to peanuts &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:45, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

I'm addicted to music [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 21:00, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Everybody already knows. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:I'm not quite addicted, I ''can'' survive if I don't have any, but I love them.. More than most things. I went through a quarter of a bag of salted peanuts in a single hour. Maybe I should slow down if I want some tomorrow.&lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Though I think you ''are'' heavily addicted to music &quot;I would die without music&quot; (something like that anyway) I think you once told me in stardew valley, right? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Dammit! The guy is here all week!? I'll never get my game done at this rate.. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 06:55, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

I also like peanuts but I can't eat much of them. I don't know why. And yeah I love music, I listen to music 24/7 and that's why I couldn't imagine my life without it lol just like a normal addiction? [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 09:18, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:At least a music addiction is better than one to something like alcohol. What kind of music? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 11:29, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

Yeah you're right haha. I actually don't have a specific genre I listen to but here are some genres: hip-hop,rap,pop,indie/-lo-fi,metal,rock,rap,synthpop,phonk,j-pop,k-pop,wave and yeah I don't remember more right now sorry haha [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 13:52, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:Well, now I made explosions look cooler in my game. I'm mainly focusing on the graphics right now. Today I will (try) to add more graphical effects. It takes minimum time, which is gonna be all I get this week. Next I'll add particles and sounds when you kill things. &quot;Blood&quot; (aka bits of slime and bone for the current enemies) and &quot;gore&quot; (aka skeleton ribs and arms and skull). Not highly realistic gore (obviously) but pixelated. I aim for 12+ ages, so a bit like in terraria. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 08:32, 21 July 2022 (UTC)
:Now I added a non-spoiler help screen. It's non-spoiler because it requires you to do certain actions (typically craft an item) for certain pieces of information to be unlocked. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 15:10, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

Yoo that's coooooool [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 15:11, 24 July 2022 (UTC)
:My aunt was over today. And I figured out why I couldnt play Fortnite! It was so simple: Delete a game so Fortnite can start up!
:I added more armour and bows to my game, a gun item, a new enemy, and more. There are 98 blocks and items now. It's crazy: the first boss dropps nothing, but almost a hundred items exist! (I hate skeletons.  Your minding your own business in a cave, then you see a bone fly across your screen and you're like &quot;Oh man, I'm gonna die aagain!&quot;) &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:58, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

Very nice! I also hate skeletons lol [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 14:58, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

Hmm anyways how was your day?? [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 21:18, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>gp71pfkmr0iryy08nwn7vzbjnt83dc8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088373</id>
      <parentid>4088372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T21:36:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Things */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7174" xml:space="preserve">{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = User talk:Einschlauesding/Archive/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(2d)
|counter = 1
|archiveheader = {{aan}}
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}__NOTOC__


== Things ==
I was playing with this older child today. The annoying one. Played minecraft and wii-u sports all day. My mom needs to buy a second switch for the children. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 18:02, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Hello? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 18:06, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

Wait what older child?  [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 19:52, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

:The older kid I told you my mum looks after. Can't say more than that. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:11, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

Ah yeah sorry  [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 20:14, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:I'm addicted to peanuts &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:45, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

I'm addicted to music [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 21:00, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Everybody already knows. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:I'm not quite addicted, I ''can'' survive if I don't have any, but I love them.. More than most things. I went through a quarter of a bag of salted peanuts in a single hour. Maybe I should slow down if I want some tomorrow.&lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Though I think you ''are'' heavily addicted to music &quot;I would die without music&quot; (something like that anyway) I think you once told me in stardew valley, right? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Dammit! The guy is here all week!? I'll never get my game done at this rate.. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 06:55, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

I also like peanuts but I can't eat much of them. I don't know why. And yeah I love music, I listen to music 24/7 and that's why I couldn't imagine my life without it lol just like a normal addiction? [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 09:18, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:At least a music addiction is better than one to something like alcohol. What kind of music? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 11:29, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

Yeah you're right haha. I actually don't have a specific genre I listen to but here are some genres: hip-hop,rap,pop,indie/-lo-fi,metal,rock,rap,synthpop,phonk,j-pop,k-pop,wave and yeah I don't remember more right now sorry haha [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 13:52, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:Well, now I made explosions look cooler in my game. I'm mainly focusing on the graphics right now. Today I will (try) to add more graphical effects. It takes minimum time, which is gonna be all I get this week. Next I'll add particles and sounds when you kill things. &quot;Blood&quot; (aka bits of slime and bone for the current enemies) and &quot;gore&quot; (aka skeleton ribs and arms and skull). Not highly realistic gore (obviously) but pixelated. I aim for 12+ ages, so a bit like in terraria. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 08:32, 21 July 2022 (UTC)
:Now I added a non-spoiler help screen. It's non-spoiler because it requires you to do certain actions (typically craft an item) for certain pieces of information to be unlocked. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 15:10, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

Yoo that's coooooool [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 15:11, 24 July 2022 (UTC)
:My aunt was over today. And I figured out why I couldnt play Fortnite! It was so simple: Delete a game so Fortnite can start up!
:I added more armour and bows to my game, a gun item, a new enemy, and more. There are 98 blocks and items now. It's crazy: the first boss dropps nothing, but almost a hundred items exist! (I hate skeletons.  Your minding your own business in a cave, then you see a bone fly across your screen and you're like &quot;Oh man, I'm gonna die aagain!&quot;) &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:58, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

Very nice! I also hate skeletons lol [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 14:58, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

Hmm anyways how was your day?? [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 21:18, 31 July 2022 (UTC)
:Played on my switch, played with my five-year-old cousin and had fun. Oddly, Fortnite's voice chat turned on mysteriously. It was turned off by parental controls before, but not now. Not telling my parents though. I choose not to insert my microphone onto my headphones though. I'll listen to them, but not talk back.
:I found out on a map, and when I exploited a glitch that made you hard to kill (right in the corner of the enemie's spawn) and launched rockets at them, a girl said &quot;Uh, theres a guy inside our base&quot; later &quot;He is literally invincible&quot;
:somebody else said &quot;he is persistant, though easy to kill&quot; he got me on fire. And he set a trap with these bombs to stop me coming later. It worked a couple of times, but I found a way through that too. How was your day? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:36, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>n1ixl273obzoauyrih3d0qx8ipu4eim</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088374</id>
      <parentid>4088373</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T21:38:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Things */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7188" xml:space="preserve">{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = User talk:Einschlauesding/Archive/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(2d)
|counter = 1
|archiveheader = {{aan}}
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}__NOTOC__


== Things ==
I was playing with this older child today. The annoying one. Played minecraft and wii-u sports all day. My mom needs to buy a second switch for the children. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 18:02, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Hello? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 18:06, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

Wait what older child?  [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 19:52, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

:The older kid I told you my mum looks after. Can't say more than that. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:11, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

Ah yeah sorry  [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 20:14, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:I'm addicted to peanuts &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:45, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

I'm addicted to music [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 21:00, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Everybody already knows. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:I'm not quite addicted, I ''can'' survive if I don't have any, but I love them.. More than most things. I went through a quarter of a bag of salted peanuts in a single hour. Maybe I should slow down if I want some tomorrow.&lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Though I think you ''are'' heavily addicted to music &quot;I would die without music&quot; (something like that anyway) I think you once told me in stardew valley, right? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:20, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
:Dammit! The guy is here all week!? I'll never get my game done at this rate.. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 06:55, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

I also like peanuts but I can't eat much of them. I don't know why. And yeah I love music, I listen to music 24/7 and that's why I couldn't imagine my life without it lol just like a normal addiction? [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 09:18, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:At least a music addiction is better than one to something like alcohol. What kind of music? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 11:29, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

Yeah you're right haha. I actually don't have a specific genre I listen to but here are some genres: hip-hop,rap,pop,indie/-lo-fi,metal,rock,rap,synthpop,phonk,j-pop,k-pop,wave and yeah I don't remember more right now sorry haha [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 13:52, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
:Well, now I made explosions look cooler in my game. I'm mainly focusing on the graphics right now. Today I will (try) to add more graphical effects. It takes minimum time, which is gonna be all I get this week. Next I'll add particles and sounds when you kill things. &quot;Blood&quot; (aka bits of slime and bone for the current enemies) and &quot;gore&quot; (aka skeleton ribs and arms and skull). Not highly realistic gore (obviously) but pixelated. I aim for 12+ ages, so a bit like in terraria. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 08:32, 21 July 2022 (UTC)
:Now I added a non-spoiler help screen. It's non-spoiler because it requires you to do certain actions (typically craft an item) for certain pieces of information to be unlocked. &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 15:10, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

Yoo that's coooooool [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 15:11, 24 July 2022 (UTC)
:My aunt was over today. And I figured out why I couldnt play Fortnite! It was so simple: Delete a game so Fortnite can start up!
:I added more armour and bows to my game, a gun item, a new enemy, and more. There are 98 blocks and items now. It's crazy: the first boss dropps nothing, but almost a hundred items exist! (I hate skeletons.  Your minding your own business in a cave, then you see a bone fly across your screen and you're like &quot;Oh man, I'm gonna die aagain!&quot;) &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 20:58, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

Very nice! I also hate skeletons lol [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 14:58, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

Hmm anyways how was your day?? [[User:Einschlauesding|Einschlauesding]] ([[User talk:Einschlauesding|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Einschlauesding|contribs]]) 21:18, 31 July 2022 (UTC)
:Played on my switch, played with my five-year-old cousin and had fun. Oddly, Fortnite's voice chat turned on mysteriously. It was turned off by parental controls before, but not now. Not telling my parents though. I choose not to insert my microphone onto my headphones though. I'll listen to them, but not talk back.
:I found out on a creative mode map, and when I exploited a glitch that made you hard to kill (right in the corner of the enemie's spawn) and launched rockets at them, a girl said &quot;Uh, theres a guy inside our base&quot; later &quot;He is literally invincible&quot;
:somebody else said &quot;he is persistant, though easy to kill&quot; he got me on fire. And he set a trap with these bombs to stop me coming later. It worked a couple of times, but I found a way through that too. How was your day? &lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 21:36, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>fve7sl78smcu48yeu8qted0274yywsb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Minecraft/Breeding</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>445992</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088369</id>
      <parentid>4088226</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T21:02:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add exeptions to breeding/growing up and explained the strangeness  with chickens.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="759" xml:space="preserve">Some animals can be bred with certain items. Hold the correct item and look at an animal. Then press the use button while still looking at it. This will cause love hearts to appear over it. This, sadly, does not mean it loves you. It means that it's in ''love mode'', which is when it is ready to breed. Feed another nearby animal of the same type, and they will create a baby version of that mob.

Most babies grow up in around ten minutes. Some, like baby [[../Zombie|zombies]], don't grow up at all.

[[../Turtle|Turtles]] can breed, but lay eggs instead of giving birth, much like real turtles. [[../Chicken|Chickens]] lay eggs every now and again and can give birth from breeding, unlike real chickens, which do not give birth to live young.

{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>mkh987m6414ga3ykoy8602okr90hvu1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afrikaans/Vocabulary/Irregular Plurals</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>447586</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088359</id>
      <parentid>4085993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T20:19:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AdjacentTriangle</username>
        <id>3235660</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16269" xml:space="preserve">Below is a list of irregular plurals in Afrikaans or plurals that are not as obvious as should seem. This list does not take commonality into account, so certain words may be supplanted by others in actual use.

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color:#CC6600;&quot;&gt;'''Short Vowels'''&lt;/span&gt; ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Irregular Forms w/Pronunciation
|-
! '''English''' !! '''Afrikaans Sing.''' !! '''Afrikaans Plur.''' !! '''Sing. Pronunciation''' !! '''Plur. Pronunciation''' !! '''Extra Notes'''
|-
| {{center|advice; counsel}}
| {{center|raad}}
| {{center|''raad'''gewinge'''''}}
{{center|''raad'''gewings'''''}}
| {{center|/rɑːt/}}
| {{center|/rɑːtˈχɪə̯.vəŋə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|bid}}
| {{center|bod&lt;br /&gt;bot}}
| {{center|''bot'''te'''''}}
| {{center|/bot/}}
| {{center|/ˈbot.tə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|(black)smith}}
| {{center|smid}}
| {{center|''sm'''e'''d'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/smət/}}
| {{center|/smˈɪə̯də/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|blessing}}
| {{center|seën}}
| {{center|''seën'''inge'''''}}
| {{center|/sɪə̯n/}}
| {{center|/ˈsɪə̯nəŋə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|commandment}}
| {{center|gebod}}
| {{center|''gebo'''oie'''''}}
| {{center|/χəˈbot/}}
| {{center|/χəˈboːi̯ə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|city}}
| {{center|stad}}
| {{center|''st'''e'''d'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/stat/}}
| {{center|/ˈstɪə̯də/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|dale}}
| {{center|dal}}
| {{center|''d'''a'''l'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/dal/}}
| {{center|/ˈdɑːlə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|defect; flaw}}
| {{center|gebrek}}
| {{center|''gebr'''e'''k'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/χəˈbrɛk/}}
| {{center|/χəˈbrɪə̯kə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|dwarf}}
| {{center|dwerg}}
| {{center|''dwerg'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/dwɛrχ/}}
| {{center|/ˈdwɛr.ɡə/}}
| Form isn't irregular; Pronunciation is.
|-
| {{center|enjoyment; delight}}
| {{center|genot}}
| {{center|''gen'''ietinge'''''}}
{{center|''gen'''ietings'''''}}
| {{center|/χəˈnot/}}
| {{center|/χəˈni.təŋə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|(narrow) footbridge&lt;br /&gt;ladder bridge}}
| {{center|steg}}
| {{center|''ste'''gge'''''}}
| {{center|/stɛχ/}}
| {{center|/stɛχə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|game}}
| {{center|spel}}
| {{center|''sp'''e'''l'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/spɛl/}}
| {{center|/ˈspɪə̯lə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|glass}}
| {{center|glas}}
| {{center|''gl'''a'''s'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/χlas/}}
| {{center|/ˈχlɑːsə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|god}}
| {{center|god}}
| {{center|''g'''o'''d'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/χot/}}
| {{center|/ˈχʊədə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|hole}}
| {{center|gat}}
| {{center|''g'''a'''t'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/χat/}}
| {{center|/ˈχɑːtə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|member}}
| {{center|lid}}
| {{center|''l'''e'''d'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/lət/}}
| {{center|/ˈlɪə̯də/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|mountain}}
| {{center|berg}}
| {{center|''berg'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/bɛrχ/}}
| {{center|/ˈbɛr.ɡə/}}
| Form isn't irregular; Pronunciation is.
|-
| {{center|offer, proffer}}
| {{center|aanbod}}
| {{center|''aan'''biedinge'''''}}
| {{center|/ˈɑːn.bot/}}
| {{center|/ˈɑːn.bi.dəŋə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|order}}
| {{center|bevel}}
| {{center|''bev'''e'''l'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/bəˈfɛl/}}
| {{center|/bəˈfɪə̯lə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|page}}
| {{center|blad}}
| {{center|''bla'''aie'''''}}
| {{center|/blat/}}
| {{center|/blɑːɪ̯ə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|prayer}}
| {{center|gebed}}
| {{center|''geb'''e'''d'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/χəˈbɛt/}}
| {{center|/χəˈbɪə̯də/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|rank, file, line}}
| {{center|gelid}}
| {{center|''ge'''ledere'''''}}
| {{center|/χəˈlət/}}
| {{center|/χəˈlɪə̯.dərə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|road}}
| {{center|pad}}
| {{center|''pa'''aie'''''}}
| {{center|/pat/}}
| {{center|/pɑːɪ̯ə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|shirt}}
| {{center|hemp}}
| {{center|''hem'''de'''''}}
| {{center|/ɦɛmp/}}
| {{center|/ˈɦɛmdə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|ship}}
| {{center|skip}}
| {{center|''sk'''e'''p'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/skəp/}}
| {{center|/ˈskɪə̯pə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|siege}}
| {{center|beleg}}
| {{center|''bele'''ëringe'''''}}
{{center|''bele'''ërings'''''}}
| {{center|/bəˈlɛχ/}}
| {{center|/bəˈlɪə̯.rəŋə/}}
 {{center|/bəˈlɪə̯.rəŋs/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|time}}
| {{center|tyd}}
| {{center|''ty'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/tyt/}}
| {{center|/ˈtyə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|tortoise}}
| {{center|skilpad}}
| {{center|''skilpa'''aie'''''}}
| {{center|/skəlˈpat/}}
| {{center|/skəlˈpɑːɪ̯ə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color:#CC6600;&quot;&gt;'''Long Vowels'''&lt;/span&gt; ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Irregular Forms
|-
! '''English''' !! '''Afrikaans Sing.''' !! '''Afrikaans Plur.'''
|-
| {{center|corporal}}
| {{center|korporaal}}
| {{center|''korporaal'''s'''''}}
|-
| {{center|cousin}}
| {{center|neef}}
| {{center|''neef'''s'''''}}
|-
| {{center|uncle}}
| {{center|oom}}
| {{center|''oom'''s'''''}}
|-
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color:#CC6600;&quot;&gt;'''Diphthongs'''&lt;/span&gt; ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Irregular Forms
|-
! '''English''' !! '''Afrikaans Sing.''' !! '''Afrikaans Plur.'''
|-
| {{center|boy; son}}
| {{center|seun}}
| {{center|''seun'''s'''''}}
|-
| {{center|brother}}
| {{center|broer}}
| {{center|''broer'''s'''''}}
|-
| {{center|lion}}
| {{center|leeu}}
| {{center|''leeu'''s'''''}}
|-
| {{center|an (olden) rifle}}
| {{center|roer}}
| {{center|''roer'''s'''''}}
|-
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color:#CC6600;&quot;&gt;'''Plurals with a Circumflex'''&lt;/span&gt; ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Important &quot;-f&quot; Irregulars
|-
! '''English''' !! '''Afrikaans Sing.''' !! '''Afrikaans Plur.''' !! '''Sing. Pronunciation''' !! '''Plur. Pronunciation''' !! '''Extra Notes'''
|-
| {{center|back}}
| {{center|rug}}
| {{center|''r'''û'''e''}}
| {{center|/rœχ/}}
| {{center|/rœːə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|bridge}}
| {{center|brug}}
| {{center|''br'''û'''e''&lt;br /&gt;brugge}}
| {{center|/brœχ/}}
| {{center|/brœːə/}}
| {{center|/brœːχə/}}
|-
| {{center|harrow}}
| {{center|eg}}
| {{center|''e'''ê'''''&lt;br /&gt;egge}}
| {{center|/æχ/}}
| {{center|/æːə/}}
| {{center|/æːχə/}}
|-
| {{center|ridge}}
| {{center|rug}}
| {{center|''r'''û'''ens''}}
| {{center|/rœχ/}}
| {{center|/rœːəns/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|sow}}
| {{center|sog}}
| {{center|''s'''ô'''e''&lt;br /&gt;sogge}}
| {{center|/sɔχ/}}
| {{center|/soːə/}}
| {{center|/soːχə/}}
|-
| {{center|trough}}
| {{center|trog}}
| {{center|''tr'''ô'''e''}}
| {{center|/trɔχ/}}
| {{center|/troːə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|wedge}}
| {{center|wig}}
| {{center|''w'''î'''e''}}
| {{center|/vəχ/}}
| {{center|/vəːə/}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color:#CC6600;&quot;&gt;'''Ending in &quot;-ie&quot;'''&lt;/span&gt; ===
In every instance, the below words pluralize as &quot;-ieë&quot;.
{| class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Irregular Forms
|-
! '''English''' !! '''Afrikaans Sing.''' !! '''Afrikaans Plur.''' !! Alt. Plur.
|-
| {{center|alkali}}
| {{center|alkali}}
| {{center|''alkali'''ë'''''}}
| {{center|''alkali'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s'''''}}
|-
| {{center|allegory}}
| {{center|allegorie}}
| {{center|''allegorie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|allergy}}
| {{center|allergie}}
| {{center|''allergie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|amnesty}}
| {{center|amnestie}}
| {{center|''amnestie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|amphibian}}
| {{center|amfibie}}
| {{center|''ambifie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|analogy}}
| {{center|analogie}}
| {{center|''analogie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|anomaly}}
| {{center|anomalie}}
| {{center|''anomalie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|antinomy}}
| {{center|antinomie}}
| {{center|''antinomie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|antipathy}}
| {{center|antipatie}}
| {{center|''antipatie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|apology}}
| {{center|apologie}}
| {{center|''apologie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|artery}}
| {{center|arterie}}
| {{center|''arterie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|bacterium (-a)}}
| {{center|bakterie}}
| {{center|''bakterie'''ë'''''}}
| {{center|''bakterie'''s'''''}}
|-
| {{center|bibliography}}
| {{center|bibliografie}}
| {{center|''bibliografie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|biography}}
| {{center|biografie}}
| {{center|''biografie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|bibliography}}
| {{center|bibliografie}}
| {{center|''bibliografie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|cacography}}
| {{center|kakografie}}
| {{center|''kakografie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|cacophony}}
| {{center|kakofonie}}
| {{center|''kakofonie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|category}}
| {{center|kategorie}}
| {{center|''kategorie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|causerie}}
| {{center|causerie}}
| {{center|''causerie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|chrestomathy}}
| {{center|chrestomatie}}
| {{center|''chrestomatie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|copy}}
| {{center|kopie}}
| {{center|''kopie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|deanery}}
| {{center|dekanie}}
| {{center|''dekanie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|domicile}}
| {{center|domisilie}}
| {{center|''domisilie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|doxology}}
| {{center|doksologie}}
| {{center|''doksologie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|drapery}}
| {{center|draperie}}
| {{center|''draperie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|dynasty}}
| {{center|dinastie}}
| {{center|''dinastie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|elegy}}
| {{center|elegie}}
| {{center|''elegie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|fairyland}}
| {{center|feërie}}
| {{center|''feërie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|fantasy}}
| {{center|fantasie}}
| {{center|''fantasie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|felony}}
| {{center|felonie}}
| {{center|''felonie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|fury}}
| {{center|furie}}
| {{center|''furie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|genealogy}}
| {{center|genealogie}}
| {{center|''genealogie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|genius}}
| {{center|genie}}
| {{center|''genie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|gram calorie}}
| {{center|gramkalorie}}
| {{center|''gramkalorie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|haplography}}
| {{center|haplografie}}
| {{center|''haplografie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|harmony}}
| {{center|harmonie}}
| {{center|''harmonie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|hierachy}}
| {{center|hiërargie}}
| {{center|''hiërargie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|homily}}
| {{center|homilie}}
| {{center|''homilie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|ideology}}
| {{center|ideologie}}
| {{center|''ideologie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|industry}}
| {{center|industrie}}
| {{center|''industrie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|knie}}
| {{center|knie}}
| {{center|''knie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|industry}}
| {{center|industrie}}
| {{center|''industrie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|melody}}
| {{center|melodie}}
| {{center|''melodie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|monopoly}}
| {{center|monopolie}}
| {{center|''monopolie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|parochial board}}
| {{center|diakonie}}
| {{center|''diakonie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|phantasmagoria}}
| {{center|fantasmagorie}}
| {{center|''fantasmagorie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|phototype}}
| {{center|fototipie}}
| {{center|''fototipie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|phylactery}}
| {{center|filakterie}}
| {{center|''filakterie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|theory}}
| {{center|teorie}}
| {{center|''teorie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|(rugby) try}}
| {{center|drie}}
| {{center|''drie'''ë'''''}}
| style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color:#CC6600;&quot;&gt;'''Ending in &quot;-f&quot;'''&lt;/span&gt; ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; | Important &quot;-f&quot; Irregulars
|-
! '''English''' !! '''Afrikaans Sing.''' !! '''Afrikaans Plur.''' !! '''Sing. Pronunciation''' !! '''Plur. Pronunciation
|-
| {{center|plot (of land)}}
| {{center|erf}}
| {{center|''er'''we'''''}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
| {{center|court (of law)}}
| {{center|hof}}
| {{center|''h'''o'''w'''e'''''}}
| {{center|/ɦɔf/}}
| {{center|/ˈɦʊə.və/}}
|-
| {{center|grave}}
| {{center|graf}}
| {{center|''graf'''te'''''}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eaecf0; |
|-
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color:#CC6600;&quot;&gt;'''&quot;-ere&quot; and &quot;-ens&quot; plurals'''&lt;/span&gt; ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Forms
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Ending in -ere
|-
! '''English''' !! '''Afrikaans Sing.''' !! '''Afrikaans Plur.'''
|-
| {{center|good}}
| {{center|goed}}
| {{center|goed'''ere'''}}
|-
| {{center|nation, people}}
| {{center|volk}}
| {{center|volk'''e'''}}
 {{center|volk'''ere'''}}
|-
| {{center|song}}
| {{center|lied}}
| {{center|lied'''ere'''}}
|-
| {{center|state of mind and heart}}
| {{center|gemoed}}
| {{center|gemoed'''ere'''}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Ending in -ens
|-
! '''English''' !! '''Afrikaans Sing.''' !! '''Afrikaans Plur.'''
|-
| {{center|bed}}
| {{center|bed}}
| {{center|bed'''dens'''}}
|-
| {{center|bath}}
| {{center|bad}}
| {{center|bad'''dens'''}}
|-
| {{center|feeling}}
| {{center|gevoel}}
| {{center|gevoel'''ens'''}}
|-
| {{center|guy}}
| {{center|ou}}
| {{center|ou'''ens'''}}
|-
| {{center|hat}}
| {{center|hoed}}
| {{center|hoed'''e'''}}
 {{center|hoed'''ens'''}}
|-
| {{center|heap, stack, pile}}
| {{center|mied}}
| {{center|mied'''e'''}}
 {{center|mied'''ens'''}}
|-
| {{center|pig}}
| {{center|vark}}
| {{center|vark'''e'''}}
 {{center|vark'''ens'''}}
|-
| {{center|sweetheart}}
| {{center|nooi}}
| {{center|nooi'''ens'''}}
|-
| {{center|wagon}}
| {{center|wa}}
| {{center|wa'''ens'''}}
|-
| {{center|woman}}
| {{center|vrou}}
| {{center|vrou'''e'''}}
 {{center|vrou'''ens'''}}
|-
| {{center|young}}
| {{center|jong}}
| {{center|jong'''ens'''}}
|-
| {{center|young lady}}
| {{center|juffrou}}
| {{center|juffrou'''e'''}}
 {{center|juffrou'''ens'''}}
|}

=== &lt;span style=&quot;color:#CC6600;&quot;&gt;'''Words with Two Plurals'''&lt;/span&gt; ===
In such a list, the more common forms are given first.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Irregular Forms
|-
! '''English''' !! '''Afrikaans Sing.''' !! '''Afrikaans Plur.'''
|-
| {{center|phobia}}
| {{center|fobie}}
| {{center|fobie'''s'''}}
{{center|fobie'''ë'''}}
|-
| {{center|meerkat}}
| {{center|meerkat}}
| {{center|meerkat'''te'''}}
{{center|meerka'''aie'''}}
|-
| {{center|museum}}
| {{center|museum}}
| {{center|museum'''s'''}}
{{center|mu'''sea'''}}
|-
| {{center|terminus}}
| {{center|terminus}}
| {{center|terminus'''se'''}}
{{center|termi'''ni'''}}
|-
| {{center|technician}}
| {{center|tegnikus}}
| {{center|tegnikus'''se'''}}
{{center|tegni'''ci'''}}
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2my6xgrn95q9ljauflt4k6o5d4jtpau</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Medical Machines/Crash Carts</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>447990</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088305</id>
      <parentid>4088161</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:17:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Miscellaneous details.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1702" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Crash Carts&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Crash Cart.jpg|thumbnail|A crash cart at the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center in [[w:Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]].
File:WaterlooRedCrashCart.png|A crash cart made in [[w:Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo, Ontario]], Canada.
&lt;/gallery&gt;
==Purpose==
A crash cart can provide timely and mobile access to equipment, instruments, materials and pharmaceuticals needed for care of a patient in critical distress. Survival of a patient can depend upon the rapid availability of something in the cart.
{{clear}}

==Contents==
Typically, a cart is stocked by an assigned staff member in coordination with a pharmacist and a stores department at the site where the cart is used. Contents are reviewed against a checklist on a fixed schedule and items are replaced after use. Contents accord to site practice. The list here is merely an example and not authoritative.

===Top Drawer===
[[File:WaterlooCrashCartTopDrawer.png|thumb|WaterlooCrashCartTopDrawer]]
* Suction tubes
* Oxygen masks
{{clear}}

===Middle Drawer===
[[File:WaterlooCrashCartMiddleDrawer.png|thumb|WaterlooCrashCartMiddleDrawer]]
* Disposable endotracheal tubes
{{clear}}

===Bottom Drawer===
[[File:WaterlooCrashCartLowerDrawer.png|thumb|WaterlooCrashCartLowerDrawer]]
* Disposable syringes
* Dressings
* Adhesive tapes
* Disposable gloves
{{clear}}

===Cubby===
[[File:WaterlooCrashCartCubby.png|thumb|WaterlooCrashCartCubby]]
* Portable suction machine
* Needle disposal box
* Sphygmomanometer
{{clear}}

{{Wikipedia|Crash cart}} 
{{Commons category|Crash cart}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ldqicg2dhcmq8sjookuk29ptf3l3cbx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Financial Math FM/Interest Rate Swaps</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448064</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088433</id>
      <parentid>4087853</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:08:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8277" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning interest rate swaps, and how to perform
related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the definitions of the following terms: swap rate, swap term or swap tenor, notional amount, market value of a swap, settlement dates, settlement period, counterparties, deferred swap, amortizing swap, accreting swap, interest rate swap net payments.
* Given sufficient information, calculate the market value, notional amount, spot rates or swap rate of an interest rate swap, deferred or otherwise, with either constant or varying notional amount.
=Introduction and motivation=
As suggested by the name &quot;interest rate swap&quot;, there is some sort of &quot;swap&quot; between interest rates.
Indeed, the interest rates to be swapped are {{colored em|fixed}} interest rate, which do not change during the term of the loan, 
and {{colored em|variable}} interest rate, which changes based on the market interest rate.

Since the future market interest rate is uncertain, there are some uncertainties involved for the variable interest rate.
Since some may want to avoid such uncertainties, they may want to have fixed, rather than variable, interest rates for their loans.
This motivates {{colored em|interest rate swap}}.
{{colored definition|
(Interest rate swap)
{{colored em|Interest rate swap}} is an agreement between two counterparties to exchanges payments during a specified period (called swap term or swap tenor) in the future based on interest rates applied to a specified principal amount (called notional (principal) amount).
}}
{{colored remark|
* The principal amount is notional in the sense that this amount is never paid by either of the two counterparties.
* The fixed interest rate for the interest rate swap is called {{colored em|swap rate}}, denoted by &lt;math&gt;R&lt;/math&gt;.
}}
=Terminologies=
For the variable interest rate, it is often linked to a specified index, and common indexes include the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) &lt;ref&gt;It is the average interest rate estimated by leading banks in London that the average leading bank would be charged from borrowing from other banks.&lt;/ref&gt; and 
the prime interest rate &lt;ref&gt;It is the rate at which banks in the United States will lend money to their most favoured costumers.&lt;/ref&gt;.
By linking to an index, it does not mean the variable interest rate is exactly the same as the rate from that index. There can be 
some modifications on it.
Typically, the variable interest rate equals an index plus some basis point(s) (bp(s)) &lt;ref&gt;A basis point is 0.01%, or 0.0001.&lt;/ref&gt;.
The basis point(s) added is call &quot;spread&quot;.
For the two counterparties, one is {{colored em|payer}} and another is {{colored em|receiver}}.
{{colored definition|
(Payer)
{{colored em|Payer}} under the interest rate swap is the counterparty who {{colored em|pays}} payment based on {{colored em|fixed}} interest rate.
}}
{{colored remark|
* As a result, payer receives payment based on {{colored em|variable}} interest rate.
}}
{{colored definition|
(Receiver)
{{colored em|Receiver}} under the interest rate swap is the counterparty who {{colored em|receives}} payment based on {{colored em|fixed}} interest rate.
}}
{{colored remark|
* As a result, receiver pays payment based on {{colored em|variable}} interest rate.
}}
There are some terminologies related to the exchanges of payments during the swap term.
{{colored definition|
(Settlement dates)
{{colored em|Settlement dates}} is the dates specified in the interest rate swap at which the exchanges of payments occur.
}}
{{colored definition|
(Settlement period)
{{colored em|Settlement period}} is the time between settlement dates.
}}
{{colored definition|
(Net swap payment)
{{colored em|Net swap payment}} is the amount of money paid by one counterparty to another counterparty on each settlement date.
}}
{{colored remark|
* On each settlement date, only one counterparty pays a certain amount of money to another counterparty, depending on the difference between the payment based on fixed interest rate and that based on variable interest rate.
}}
Sometimes, one counterparty has a loan from a third party for which interest needs to be paid to the third party.
In this case, in addition to the net swap payment (if needed), additional payment is also needed.
{{colored definition|
(Net interest payment)
Net interest payment is the {{colored em|total}} net payment (interest paid on the loan plus net swap payment (if needed)) made by the counterparty with a loan.
}}
Most interest rate swaps have a level notional amount over the swap term, but this is not a must, and the notional amount can change over the swap term.
{{colored definition|
(Accreting swap)
{{colored em|Accreting swap}} is an interest rate swap for which the notional amount {{colored em|increases}} over the swap term.
}}
{{colored definition|
(Amortizing swap)
{{colored em|Amortizing swap}} is an interest rate swap for which the notional amount {{colored em|decreases}} over the swap term.
}}
Typically, the first settlement period of an interest rate swap starts at time zero, but again, this is not a must, 
and the first settlement period can start at later time.
{{colored definition|
(Deferred swap)
{{colored em|Deferred swap}}  is an interest rate swap for which the first settlement period starts at a time that is later than time zero.
}}
=Swap rate=
The fundamental principle for determining the swap rate here is that the swap rate is set such that there is no cost to either counterparty 
to enter into an interest rate swap (assume the transaction cost is zero from now on), 
i.e. neither of the counterparties are better off or worse off from entering into the interest rate swap.
To do this, the present value of expected future payments for each counterparty should be the same.
As a result, the expected future {{colored em|net}} payments paid (or received) by each counterparty should be zero.

{{colored definition|
(Determining swap rate)
Under the swap rate, the present value of the payment based on the fixed interest rate equals that based on the variable interest rate.
}}
{{colored remark|
* With a suitable equation, we can solve for the swap rate. 
}}
{{colored example|
For an interest rate swap, the (level) notional amount is 10000, and the one-year and two-year spot rate is 3% and 5% respectively.
The one-year deferred one-year forward rate &lt;math&gt;f_{1\to 2}=1.05^2/1.03-1\approx 0.0704&lt;/math&gt; 
(the payment for the second year based on the variable interest rate is based on this forward rate).
Then, the swap rate &lt;math&gt;R&lt;/math&gt; is determined by
&lt;math display=block&gt;10000R(1.03^{-1})+10000R(1.05^{-2})=10000(0.05)(1.05^{-1})+10000(0.0704)(1.06^{-2})\Rightarrow R=\frac{0.05/1.05+0.0704/1.06^2}{1.03^{-1}+1.05^{-2}}\approx 5.87%.&lt;/math&gt;
}}
{{colored remark|
* The amount of the level notional amount does not matter for calculating the swap rate.
* For each year, the payment based on the fixed interest rate is &lt;math&gt;10000R&lt;/math&gt; for each of the fist and second year, while the payment based on the variable interest rate is &lt;math&gt;10000(0.03)&lt;/math&gt; for the first year, and &lt;math&gt;10000f_{1\to 2}&lt;/math&gt; for the second year.
}}
=Market value=
An interest rate swap can be sold or closed by a counterparty at a time during the swap term. To sold the swap, the seller receives the market value 
of the swap at the time point, calculated using the spot rates at that time.
To close the swap, a possible way is that one counterparty pays the market value to another counterparty at that time.
{{colored definition|
(Market value of interest rate swap)
The {{colored em|market value}} of interest rate swap is the present value of the expected future cash flows under the swap, calculated using the spot rates at the time of determining the market value.
}}
{{colored remark|
* The market value can be positive, negative or zero.
* Since the swap is essentially exchange of payment between two counterparties, the market value of the swap for one counterparty is negative of that for another counterparty, at the same time point.
* The future cash flows are the future net swap payments.
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5bi2muorwktyfrkidf0ll0431uj0zlr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Mirad-English Dictionary</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448074</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088234</id>
      <parentid>4087949</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T15:11:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="382" xml:space="preserve">:
: Click on the search link below to search the Mirad&lt;-&gt;English Dictionary in either direction:
:
:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;
|-
| [[http://www.lexanalysis.com/cgi-bin/mirad.pl | SEARCH ]]
|}
:
: Once you are on the Mirad query page, you can get back here by pressing the back arrow on your browser.
:
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Lesson 4}}
:
:
:</text>
      <sha1>s7g6votezwwxij9qne20m0mtrzmjarw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pokémon/Pokédex/Scratch</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448075</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088403</id>
      <parentid>4087928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:00:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackBot</username>
        <id>396820</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Formatting, [[Special:UncategorizedPages]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">Stratch inflicts 40 damage and it has 100 accurysity

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>sv3608h5nabuf5nh1ob5mio0yqb2z66</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Pronunciation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448081</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088384</id>
      <parentid>4088067</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T23:56:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Consonant and Glides */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13358" xml:space="preserve">= Pronunciation =
== Consonant and Glides ==
: The following chart shows the correspondence of the consonants and semi-consonantal glides (in intense yellow) with their phonemic values:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
| GRAPHEME || '''b''' || '''c''' || '''d''' || '''f''' || '''g''' || '''h''' || '''j''' || '''k''' || '''l''' || '''m''' || '''n''' || '''p''' || '''r''' || '''s''' || '''t''' || '''v''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''w''' || '''x''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''y''' || '''z'''
|-
! PHONEME !! /b/ !! /t͡ʃ/ !! /d/ !! /f/ !! /g/ !! /h/ !! /ʒ/ !! /k/ !! /l/ !! /m/ !! /n/ !! /p/ !! /ɽ/ !! /s/ !! /t/ !! /v/ !! /w/ !! /ʃ/ !! /j/ !! /z/
|}
: The following IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) chart shows the Mirad consonant phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) and semi-consonant (glide) phonemes with their phonetic properties:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Phonemes
|-
! !! !! '''Labial''' !! '''Alveolar''' !! '''Palatal''' !! '''Velar''' !! '''Glottal'''
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Nasal'''
| '''/m/''' || '''/n/''' || || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Plosive'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/b/''' || '''/d/'''  || || '''/g/''' ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/p/''' || '''/t/''' || || '''/k/''' || 
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Affricate'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| ||  || ||  ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| || ||  '''/t͡ʃ/''' || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Fricative'''
! &lt;small&gt;voiced&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/v/''' ||  '''/z/''' || '''/ʒ/''' || || 
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/f/''' ||  '''/s/''' || '''/ʃ/''' || || '''/h/'''
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Approximate'''
| || '''/l/''' || '''/j/'''  || '''/w/''' ||
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Flap'''
| ||  '''/ɽ/''' || || ||
|}
: The phonemes /'''r'''/ and /'''l'''/ are '''''consonant liquids''''' and behave in a special way in forming words in Mirad.

: The approximate phonemes /'''j'''/ and /'''w'''/ are semi-consonantal '''''glides''''' and are used to form diphthongs (complex vowels). See [[Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Vowels|Vowels]].

: In Mirad, every consonant has a one-to-one correspondence with a single phoneme (ideal sound).  Mirad does not use digraphs like ''sh'' or ''ph'' to represent consonant sounds.  There are no double consonants, although sometimes a consonant will come together with the same consonant in the same word, but not the same syllable.  There are no silent consonants.  Also, there are no letters in &quot;native&quot; Mirad with diacritical marks like '''&amp;eacute;''' or '''&amp;ntilde;'''.

: That said, the '''y''' and '''w''', while functioning as consonants in words borrowed from other languages, such as '''Yohan''' (Johann) and '''wan''' (''wan''), they are, in Mirad native words, used as semi-consonantal glides to alter the pronunciation of vowels.  See [[#Pronunciation of Vowels|Pronunciation of Vowels]].
: Here are the letters that are pronounced somewhat differently from English:

:* The  letter '''x''' is pronounced like an ''sh'' in English.
:* The letter '''h''' is never silent.  It is used to form the determiners in Mirad and is also used to simulate foreign sounds like the ''ch'' in Yiddish '''la&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ayim''' (''to life!''), or German '''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;'''.
:* The letter '''j''' is pronounced like the ''zh'' in Russian ''&lt;u&gt;Zh&lt;/u&gt;ivago'' or the ''ge'' in English ''mira&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;''.

:* The letter '''s''' is always unvoiced as English ''ss'' and never sounds like a '''z'''.

:* The letter '''g''' is always a hard sound as in English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ap'', not as in English ''wa&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''.

:* The letter '''c''' is used mostly in foreign words and represents the unvoiced affricate sound '''t͡ʃ''' like the ''ch'' in English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ur&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''.  For example, the Mirad name for ''&lt;u&gt;Ch&lt;/u&gt;ina'' is '''&lt;u&gt;C&lt;/u&gt;inam'''.  Some chemical names and metric units use the letter '''c''', in which case, it is also pronounced like the ''ch'' in English ''church''.

:* The unvoiced plosives '''p''', '''t''', and '''k''' are pronounced without the puff of breath that sometimes follows them in their English counterparts.  The corresponding consonants in French are exact equivalents.

:* The consonant '''r''' should be a flap or trill like the ''r'' in Brit. Eng. ''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y'' or the single ''r'' in Spanish ''pe&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;o''.

:* The consonants in the Mirad alphabet correspond one-to-one with phonemes.  There are no cases of consonant sounds being represented in native words by digraphs as in English ''ph'', ''sh'', ''ch'', or ''th''.  For example, the ''sh'' sound in English is represented by '''x''' in Mirad.

: Here is a chart showing the pronunciation of Mirad consonants and glides:

&lt;small&gt;
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonants
|-
! MIRAD CONSONANT/&lt;br&gt;SEMI-CONSONANT&lt;br&gt;GRAPHEME !! IPA !! ARTICULATION !! NEAREST EQUIVALENTS
|-
| '''b''' || [b] || unaspirated voiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;on'', English ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;oy''
|-
| '''c''' || [tʃ] || unvoiced palato-alveolar affricate || English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ild'', Spanish ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ico'' (only used in foreign words)
|-
| '''d''' || [d] || unaspirated voiced alveolar plosive ||  French ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;e'', English ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''f''' || [f] || unvoiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''g''' || [g] || unaspirated voiced velar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;are'', English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ood'' (always hard, even before ''e'' and ''i'')
|-
| '''h''' || [h]&lt;br&gt;[x] || glottal fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;h&lt;/u&gt;ouse''&lt;br&gt;(used in foreign words and names as a ''kh''-like sound like German ''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''j''' || [ʒ] || voiced palatal fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;e'' or English ''mira&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''
|-
| '''k''' || [k] || unaspirated unvoiced velar fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;arte'', English ''&lt;u&gt;k&lt;/u&gt;ite'' (without aspiration) or French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;omment''
|-
| '''l''' || [l] || voiced post-alveolar lateral approximant || English ''&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;ove'' or French ''be&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;'' (never a dark '''l''' as in English ''be&lt;u&gt;ll&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''m''' || [m] || voiced bilabial nasal || English ''&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;other''
|-
| '''n''' || [n]&lt;br&gt;[ŋ] || voiced alveolar nasal ||English ''&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;obody''&lt;br&gt;Before ''g'' or ''k'', like English ''fa&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;g''
|-
| '''p''' || [p] || unvoiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;ain'', English ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;an'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''q''' || - || - || (Only used in foreign words, where it has various guttural pronunciations)
|-
| '''r''' || [r] || alveolar flap || Spanish ''mi&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;a'' or Italian ''&lt;u&gt;R&lt;/u&gt;oma'' or British Eng. '''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y''
|-
| '''s''' || [s] || unvoiced alveolar fricative || Always hard as in English ''&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;afe'' (never a ''z'' sound as in ''rose'')
|-
| '''t''' || [t] || unaspirated unvoiced alveolar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;ous'', English ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;op'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''v''' || [v] || voiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;v&lt;/u&gt;ery''
|-
| '''w''' || [w]&lt;br&gt;[ʊ] || voiced labio-velar approximant || As a pre-glide, English ''&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;ater'', French ''&lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;i''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, as in English ''la&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''x''' || [ʃ] || unvoiced post-alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;sh&lt;/u&gt;ape'' or French ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;er''
|-
| '''y''' || [j]&lt;br&gt;[ɪ] || voiced palatal approximant || As a pre-glide, like English ''&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;ard''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, like English ''bo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''z''' || /z/ || voiced alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;z&lt;/u&gt;one''.  German speakers, beware.  Mirad '''z''' is pronounced like a German '''s''', as in '''&lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;ohn''', not like '''z''' as in '''zehn''', which sounds more like ''ts''.
|}
Note: If you see a blank here instead of an IPA symbol, it probably means that the font you are using to display characters in your browser does not support these characters.
&lt;/small&gt;

== Vowels ==
: Mirad vowels are divided into simple and complex vowels.  The simple vowels are single-letter, while the complex vowels have one or more glides.
=== Simple Vowels ===
The graphemes (alphabetic letters) in Mirad used to represent the simple vowel phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) are as follows:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Vowel Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
! '''GRAPHEME''' !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''o''' !! '''u'''
|-
| '''PHONEME''' || '''/a/''' || '''/e/''' || '''/i/''' || '''/o/''' || '''/u/'''
|}

:::The simple vowels are pronounced as they are in many European Latin-based languages.  The table below gives their phonetic values and some close examples in Spanish and French, and not-so-close examples in English.

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Vowels
|-
! VOWEL !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! SPANISH !! FRENCH !! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;APPROXIMATION
|-
| '''a''' || [''a''] || m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;no || &lt;u&gt;à&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-à.ogg]] || ''f&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ther''
|-
| '''e''' || [''e''] || h&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;cho || &lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-et.ogg]] || ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''i''' || [''i''] || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt; || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-si.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''o''' || [''o''] || n&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; || de l'&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-eau.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''u''' || [''u''] || t&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; || &lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-ou.ogg]] || ''t&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|}

=== Complex Vowels ===
::: Complex vowels are those preceded or followed by the glides '''y''' or '''w'''. This chart shows the possible complex vowels and their pronunciations:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Glided Vowel Patterns
|-
! GLIDED&lt;br&gt;VOWELS !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! PRONUNCIATION 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-Y-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''ya''' || [ja] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ach&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;hia&lt;/u&gt;cinthe'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yacht.ogg]]
|-
| '''ye''' || [je] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''grill&lt;u&gt;é&lt;/u&gt;'' (''grilled'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-grillé.ogg]]
|-
| '''yi''' || [ji] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yea&lt;/u&gt;st''*, Fr. ''bou&lt;u&gt;illi&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
| '''yo''' || [jo] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;ke''*, Fr. ma&lt;u&gt;illot&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-maillot.ogg]]
|-
| '''yu''' || [ju] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;you&lt;/u&gt;''*, Fr. ''p&lt;u&gt;iou-piou&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''wa''' || [wa] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ter'', Fr. ''g&lt;u&gt;oua&lt;/u&gt;che'' (''poster paint'') &lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-water.ogg]]
|-
| '''we''' || [we] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;ouais&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')
|-
| '''wi''' || [wi] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;oui&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:Fr-oui.ogg]]
|-
| '''wo''' || [wo] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;ke''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
| '''wu''' || [wu] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-Y-GLIDED 
|-
| '''ay''' || [aɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;igh&lt;/u&gt;t'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-I.ogg]]
|-
| '''ey''' || [eɪ] || Eng. ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''r&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'' (''king'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-day.ogg]]
|-
| '''iy''' || [iɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;'', Fr. ''b&lt;u&gt;ille&lt;/u&gt;'' (''marble'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-see.ogg]]
|-
| '''oy''' || [oɪ] || Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''today'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-boy.ogg]]
|-
| '''uy''' || [uɪ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;ooey&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''m&lt;u&gt;uy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''very'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-gooey.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-W-GLIDED
|-
| '''aw''' || [ɔ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;awe&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-awe.ogg]]
|-
| '''ew''' || [eʊ] || Br. Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;'', colloq. Eng. ''T&lt;u&gt;ell&lt;/u&gt; me!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-tell.ogg]]
|-
| '''iw''' || [iʊ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;eew!&lt;/u&gt; (sound of disgust)'', Du. ''ni&lt;u&gt;ew&lt;/u&gt;''[[File:Nl-nieuw.ogg]] (''new'')
|-
| '''ow''' || [oʊ] || Eng. ''kn&lt;u&gt;ow&lt;/u&gt;'', f&lt;u&gt;oe&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-know.ogg]]
|-
| '''uw''' || [uʊ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-goo.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | CIRCUM-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''yay''' || [jaɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kes''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yikes.ogg]]
|-
| '''yey''' || [jeɪ]  || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ea&lt;/u&gt;!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yay.ogg]]
|-
| '''yiy''' || [jiɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;sh! (sound of disgust)''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-ye.ogg]]
|-
| '''yoy''' || [joɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;oi&lt;/u&gt;nk'' ( ''= New Jyoizy'' )&lt;br&gt;
|-
| '''yuy''' || [juɪ] || Eng. ''H&lt;u&gt;ughie&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:EN-AU_ck1_Hughie.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-POST-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''way''' || [waɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wi&lt;/u&gt;se'', Fr. '''&lt;u&gt;ouailles&lt;/u&gt;''' (''flock'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-wise.ogg]]
|-
| '''wey''' || [weɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;way&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-way.ogg]]
|-
| '''wiy''' || [wiɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wee&lt;/u&gt;!'' (sound of fun)&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-we.ogg]]
|-
| '''woy''' || [woɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;woy&lt;/u&gt;''  (rhymes with ''boy'')
|-
| '''wuy''' || [wuɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wooi&lt;/u&gt;sh'' (rhymes with ''gooey'')
|}
: In Mirad, the above complex vowels are considered single glided vowels for the purposes of grammar, syllabification, and stress.

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;
: Note 1: International Phonetic Alphabet.  See chart and click on sounds at [[https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/]]. 
: Note 2: Without the typical ''y-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
: Note 3: Without the typical ''w-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Alphabet|Syllabification}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1mrcmky8gpdmgvp8z8byzy5k3iv6eol</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088385</id>
      <parentid>4088384</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T23:57:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Consonant and Glides */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13359" xml:space="preserve">= Pronunciation =
== Consonants and Glides ==
: The following chart shows the correspondence of the consonants and semi-consonantal glides (in intense yellow) with their phonemic values:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
| GRAPHEME || '''b''' || '''c''' || '''d''' || '''f''' || '''g''' || '''h''' || '''j''' || '''k''' || '''l''' || '''m''' || '''n''' || '''p''' || '''r''' || '''s''' || '''t''' || '''v''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''w''' || '''x''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''y''' || '''z'''
|-
! PHONEME !! /b/ !! /t͡ʃ/ !! /d/ !! /f/ !! /g/ !! /h/ !! /ʒ/ !! /k/ !! /l/ !! /m/ !! /n/ !! /p/ !! /ɽ/ !! /s/ !! /t/ !! /v/ !! /w/ !! /ʃ/ !! /j/ !! /z/
|}
: The following IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) chart shows the Mirad consonant phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) and semi-consonant (glide) phonemes with their phonetic properties:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Phonemes
|-
! !! !! '''Labial''' !! '''Alveolar''' !! '''Palatal''' !! '''Velar''' !! '''Glottal'''
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Nasal'''
| '''/m/''' || '''/n/''' || || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Plosive'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/b/''' || '''/d/'''  || || '''/g/''' ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/p/''' || '''/t/''' || || '''/k/''' || 
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Affricate'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| ||  || ||  ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| || ||  '''/t͡ʃ/''' || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Fricative'''
! &lt;small&gt;voiced&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/v/''' ||  '''/z/''' || '''/ʒ/''' || || 
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/f/''' ||  '''/s/''' || '''/ʃ/''' || || '''/h/'''
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Approximate'''
| || '''/l/''' || '''/j/'''  || '''/w/''' ||
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Flap'''
| ||  '''/ɽ/''' || || ||
|}
: The phonemes /'''r'''/ and /'''l'''/ are '''''consonant liquids''''' and behave in a special way in forming words in Mirad.

: The approximate phonemes /'''j'''/ and /'''w'''/ are semi-consonantal '''''glides''''' and are used to form diphthongs (complex vowels). See [[Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Vowels|Vowels]].

: In Mirad, every consonant has a one-to-one correspondence with a single phoneme (ideal sound).  Mirad does not use digraphs like ''sh'' or ''ph'' to represent consonant sounds.  There are no double consonants, although sometimes a consonant will come together with the same consonant in the same word, but not the same syllable.  There are no silent consonants.  Also, there are no letters in &quot;native&quot; Mirad with diacritical marks like '''&amp;eacute;''' or '''&amp;ntilde;'''.

: That said, the '''y''' and '''w''', while functioning as consonants in words borrowed from other languages, such as '''Yohan''' (Johann) and '''wan''' (''wan''), they are, in Mirad native words, used as semi-consonantal glides to alter the pronunciation of vowels.  See [[#Pronunciation of Vowels|Pronunciation of Vowels]].
: Here are the letters that are pronounced somewhat differently from English:

:* The  letter '''x''' is pronounced like an ''sh'' in English.
:* The letter '''h''' is never silent.  It is used to form the determiners in Mirad and is also used to simulate foreign sounds like the ''ch'' in Yiddish '''la&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ayim''' (''to life!''), or German '''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;'''.
:* The letter '''j''' is pronounced like the ''zh'' in Russian ''&lt;u&gt;Zh&lt;/u&gt;ivago'' or the ''ge'' in English ''mira&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;''.

:* The letter '''s''' is always unvoiced as English ''ss'' and never sounds like a '''z'''.

:* The letter '''g''' is always a hard sound as in English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ap'', not as in English ''wa&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''.

:* The letter '''c''' is used mostly in foreign words and represents the unvoiced affricate sound '''t͡ʃ''' like the ''ch'' in English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ur&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''.  For example, the Mirad name for ''&lt;u&gt;Ch&lt;/u&gt;ina'' is '''&lt;u&gt;C&lt;/u&gt;inam'''.  Some chemical names and metric units use the letter '''c''', in which case, it is also pronounced like the ''ch'' in English ''church''.

:* The unvoiced plosives '''p''', '''t''', and '''k''' are pronounced without the puff of breath that sometimes follows them in their English counterparts.  The corresponding consonants in French are exact equivalents.

:* The consonant '''r''' should be a flap or trill like the ''r'' in Brit. Eng. ''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y'' or the single ''r'' in Spanish ''pe&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;o''.

:* The consonants in the Mirad alphabet correspond one-to-one with phonemes.  There are no cases of consonant sounds being represented in native words by digraphs as in English ''ph'', ''sh'', ''ch'', or ''th''.  For example, the ''sh'' sound in English is represented by '''x''' in Mirad.

: Here is a chart showing the pronunciation of Mirad consonants and glides:

&lt;small&gt;
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonants
|-
! MIRAD CONSONANT/&lt;br&gt;SEMI-CONSONANT&lt;br&gt;GRAPHEME !! IPA !! ARTICULATION !! NEAREST EQUIVALENTS
|-
| '''b''' || [b] || unaspirated voiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;on'', English ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;oy''
|-
| '''c''' || [tʃ] || unvoiced palato-alveolar affricate || English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ild'', Spanish ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ico'' (only used in foreign words)
|-
| '''d''' || [d] || unaspirated voiced alveolar plosive ||  French ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;e'', English ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''f''' || [f] || unvoiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''g''' || [g] || unaspirated voiced velar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;are'', English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ood'' (always hard, even before ''e'' and ''i'')
|-
| '''h''' || [h]&lt;br&gt;[x] || glottal fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;h&lt;/u&gt;ouse''&lt;br&gt;(used in foreign words and names as a ''kh''-like sound like German ''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''j''' || [ʒ] || voiced palatal fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;e'' or English ''mira&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''
|-
| '''k''' || [k] || unaspirated unvoiced velar fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;arte'', English ''&lt;u&gt;k&lt;/u&gt;ite'' (without aspiration) or French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;omment''
|-
| '''l''' || [l] || voiced post-alveolar lateral approximant || English ''&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;ove'' or French ''be&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;'' (never a dark '''l''' as in English ''be&lt;u&gt;ll&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''m''' || [m] || voiced bilabial nasal || English ''&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;other''
|-
| '''n''' || [n]&lt;br&gt;[ŋ] || voiced alveolar nasal ||English ''&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;obody''&lt;br&gt;Before ''g'' or ''k'', like English ''fa&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;g''
|-
| '''p''' || [p] || unvoiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;ain'', English ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;an'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''q''' || - || - || (Only used in foreign words, where it has various guttural pronunciations)
|-
| '''r''' || [r] || alveolar flap || Spanish ''mi&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;a'' or Italian ''&lt;u&gt;R&lt;/u&gt;oma'' or British Eng. '''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y''
|-
| '''s''' || [s] || unvoiced alveolar fricative || Always hard as in English ''&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;afe'' (never a ''z'' sound as in ''rose'')
|-
| '''t''' || [t] || unaspirated unvoiced alveolar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;ous'', English ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;op'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''v''' || [v] || voiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;v&lt;/u&gt;ery''
|-
| '''w''' || [w]&lt;br&gt;[ʊ] || voiced labio-velar approximant || As a pre-glide, English ''&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;ater'', French ''&lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;i''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, as in English ''la&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''x''' || [ʃ] || unvoiced post-alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;sh&lt;/u&gt;ape'' or French ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;er''
|-
| '''y''' || [j]&lt;br&gt;[ɪ] || voiced palatal approximant || As a pre-glide, like English ''&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;ard''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, like English ''bo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''z''' || /z/ || voiced alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;z&lt;/u&gt;one''.  German speakers, beware.  Mirad '''z''' is pronounced like a German '''s''', as in '''&lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;ohn''', not like '''z''' as in '''zehn''', which sounds more like ''ts''.
|}
Note: If you see a blank here instead of an IPA symbol, it probably means that the font you are using to display characters in your browser does not support these characters.
&lt;/small&gt;

== Vowels ==
: Mirad vowels are divided into simple and complex vowels.  The simple vowels are single-letter, while the complex vowels have one or more glides.
=== Simple Vowels ===
The graphemes (alphabetic letters) in Mirad used to represent the simple vowel phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) are as follows:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Vowel Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
! '''GRAPHEME''' !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''o''' !! '''u'''
|-
| '''PHONEME''' || '''/a/''' || '''/e/''' || '''/i/''' || '''/o/''' || '''/u/'''
|}

:::The simple vowels are pronounced as they are in many European Latin-based languages.  The table below gives their phonetic values and some close examples in Spanish and French, and not-so-close examples in English.

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Vowels
|-
! VOWEL !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! SPANISH !! FRENCH !! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;APPROXIMATION
|-
| '''a''' || [''a''] || m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;no || &lt;u&gt;à&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-à.ogg]] || ''f&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ther''
|-
| '''e''' || [''e''] || h&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;cho || &lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-et.ogg]] || ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''i''' || [''i''] || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt; || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-si.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''o''' || [''o''] || n&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; || de l'&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-eau.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''u''' || [''u''] || t&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; || &lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-ou.ogg]] || ''t&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|}

=== Complex Vowels ===
::: Complex vowels are those preceded or followed by the glides '''y''' or '''w'''. This chart shows the possible complex vowels and their pronunciations:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Glided Vowel Patterns
|-
! GLIDED&lt;br&gt;VOWELS !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! PRONUNCIATION 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-Y-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''ya''' || [ja] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ach&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;hia&lt;/u&gt;cinthe'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yacht.ogg]]
|-
| '''ye''' || [je] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''grill&lt;u&gt;é&lt;/u&gt;'' (''grilled'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-grillé.ogg]]
|-
| '''yi''' || [ji] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yea&lt;/u&gt;st''*, Fr. ''bou&lt;u&gt;illi&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
| '''yo''' || [jo] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;ke''*, Fr. ma&lt;u&gt;illot&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-maillot.ogg]]
|-
| '''yu''' || [ju] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;you&lt;/u&gt;''*, Fr. ''p&lt;u&gt;iou-piou&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''wa''' || [wa] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ter'', Fr. ''g&lt;u&gt;oua&lt;/u&gt;che'' (''poster paint'') &lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-water.ogg]]
|-
| '''we''' || [we] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;ouais&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')
|-
| '''wi''' || [wi] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;oui&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:Fr-oui.ogg]]
|-
| '''wo''' || [wo] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;ke''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
| '''wu''' || [wu] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-Y-GLIDED 
|-
| '''ay''' || [aɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;igh&lt;/u&gt;t'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-I.ogg]]
|-
| '''ey''' || [eɪ] || Eng. ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''r&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'' (''king'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-day.ogg]]
|-
| '''iy''' || [iɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;'', Fr. ''b&lt;u&gt;ille&lt;/u&gt;'' (''marble'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-see.ogg]]
|-
| '''oy''' || [oɪ] || Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''today'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-boy.ogg]]
|-
| '''uy''' || [uɪ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;ooey&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''m&lt;u&gt;uy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''very'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-gooey.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-W-GLIDED
|-
| '''aw''' || [ɔ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;awe&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-awe.ogg]]
|-
| '''ew''' || [eʊ] || Br. Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;'', colloq. Eng. ''T&lt;u&gt;ell&lt;/u&gt; me!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-tell.ogg]]
|-
| '''iw''' || [iʊ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;eew!&lt;/u&gt; (sound of disgust)'', Du. ''ni&lt;u&gt;ew&lt;/u&gt;''[[File:Nl-nieuw.ogg]] (''new'')
|-
| '''ow''' || [oʊ] || Eng. ''kn&lt;u&gt;ow&lt;/u&gt;'', f&lt;u&gt;oe&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-know.ogg]]
|-
| '''uw''' || [uʊ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-goo.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | CIRCUM-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''yay''' || [jaɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kes''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yikes.ogg]]
|-
| '''yey''' || [jeɪ]  || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ea&lt;/u&gt;!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yay.ogg]]
|-
| '''yiy''' || [jiɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;sh! (sound of disgust)''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-ye.ogg]]
|-
| '''yoy''' || [joɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;oi&lt;/u&gt;nk'' ( ''= New Jyoizy'' )&lt;br&gt;
|-
| '''yuy''' || [juɪ] || Eng. ''H&lt;u&gt;ughie&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:EN-AU_ck1_Hughie.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-POST-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''way''' || [waɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wi&lt;/u&gt;se'', Fr. '''&lt;u&gt;ouailles&lt;/u&gt;''' (''flock'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-wise.ogg]]
|-
| '''wey''' || [weɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;way&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-way.ogg]]
|-
| '''wiy''' || [wiɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wee&lt;/u&gt;!'' (sound of fun)&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-we.ogg]]
|-
| '''woy''' || [woɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;woy&lt;/u&gt;''  (rhymes with ''boy'')
|-
| '''wuy''' || [wuɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wooi&lt;/u&gt;sh'' (rhymes with ''gooey'')
|}
: In Mirad, the above complex vowels are considered single glided vowels for the purposes of grammar, syllabification, and stress.

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;
: Note 1: International Phonetic Alphabet.  See chart and click on sounds at [[https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/]]. 
: Note 2: Without the typical ''y-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
: Note 3: Without the typical ''w-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Alphabet|Syllabification}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6npyy4slexfqxgghk1nng4obelwjrn0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088386</id>
      <parentid>4088385</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:00:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Vowels */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13440" xml:space="preserve">= Pronunciation =
== Consonants and Glides ==
: The following chart shows the correspondence of the consonants and semi-consonantal glides (in intense yellow) with their phonemic values:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
| GRAPHEME || '''b''' || '''c''' || '''d''' || '''f''' || '''g''' || '''h''' || '''j''' || '''k''' || '''l''' || '''m''' || '''n''' || '''p''' || '''r''' || '''s''' || '''t''' || '''v''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''w''' || '''x''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''y''' || '''z'''
|-
! PHONEME !! /b/ !! /t͡ʃ/ !! /d/ !! /f/ !! /g/ !! /h/ !! /ʒ/ !! /k/ !! /l/ !! /m/ !! /n/ !! /p/ !! /ɽ/ !! /s/ !! /t/ !! /v/ !! /w/ !! /ʃ/ !! /j/ !! /z/
|}
: The following IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) chart shows the Mirad consonant phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) and semi-consonant (glide) phonemes with their phonetic properties:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Phonemes
|-
! !! !! '''Labial''' !! '''Alveolar''' !! '''Palatal''' !! '''Velar''' !! '''Glottal'''
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Nasal'''
| '''/m/''' || '''/n/''' || || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Plosive'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/b/''' || '''/d/'''  || || '''/g/''' ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/p/''' || '''/t/''' || || '''/k/''' || 
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Affricate'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| ||  || ||  ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| || ||  '''/t͡ʃ/''' || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Fricative'''
! &lt;small&gt;voiced&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/v/''' ||  '''/z/''' || '''/ʒ/''' || || 
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/f/''' ||  '''/s/''' || '''/ʃ/''' || || '''/h/'''
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Approximate'''
| || '''/l/''' || '''/j/'''  || '''/w/''' ||
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Flap'''
| ||  '''/ɽ/''' || || ||
|}
: The phonemes /'''r'''/ and /'''l'''/ are '''''consonant liquids''''' and behave in a special way in forming words in Mirad.

: The approximate phonemes /'''j'''/ and /'''w'''/ are semi-consonantal '''''glides''''' and are used to form diphthongs (complex vowels). See [[Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Vowels|Vowels]].

: In Mirad, every consonant has a one-to-one correspondence with a single phoneme (ideal sound).  Mirad does not use digraphs like ''sh'' or ''ph'' to represent consonant sounds.  There are no double consonants, although sometimes a consonant will come together with the same consonant in the same word, but not the same syllable.  There are no silent consonants.  Also, there are no letters in &quot;native&quot; Mirad with diacritical marks like '''&amp;eacute;''' or '''&amp;ntilde;'''.

: That said, the '''y''' and '''w''', while functioning as consonants in words borrowed from other languages, such as '''Yohan''' (Johann) and '''wan''' (''wan''), they are, in Mirad native words, used as semi-consonantal glides to alter the pronunciation of vowels.  See [[#Pronunciation of Vowels|Pronunciation of Vowels]].
: Here are the letters that are pronounced somewhat differently from English:

:* The  letter '''x''' is pronounced like an ''sh'' in English.
:* The letter '''h''' is never silent.  It is used to form the determiners in Mirad and is also used to simulate foreign sounds like the ''ch'' in Yiddish '''la&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ayim''' (''to life!''), or German '''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;'''.
:* The letter '''j''' is pronounced like the ''zh'' in Russian ''&lt;u&gt;Zh&lt;/u&gt;ivago'' or the ''ge'' in English ''mira&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;''.

:* The letter '''s''' is always unvoiced as English ''ss'' and never sounds like a '''z'''.

:* The letter '''g''' is always a hard sound as in English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ap'', not as in English ''wa&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''.

:* The letter '''c''' is used mostly in foreign words and represents the unvoiced affricate sound '''t͡ʃ''' like the ''ch'' in English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ur&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''.  For example, the Mirad name for ''&lt;u&gt;Ch&lt;/u&gt;ina'' is '''&lt;u&gt;C&lt;/u&gt;inam'''.  Some chemical names and metric units use the letter '''c''', in which case, it is also pronounced like the ''ch'' in English ''church''.

:* The unvoiced plosives '''p''', '''t''', and '''k''' are pronounced without the puff of breath that sometimes follows them in their English counterparts.  The corresponding consonants in French are exact equivalents.

:* The consonant '''r''' should be a flap or trill like the ''r'' in Brit. Eng. ''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y'' or the single ''r'' in Spanish ''pe&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;o''.

:* The consonants in the Mirad alphabet correspond one-to-one with phonemes.  There are no cases of consonant sounds being represented in native words by digraphs as in English ''ph'', ''sh'', ''ch'', or ''th''.  For example, the ''sh'' sound in English is represented by '''x''' in Mirad.

: Here is a chart showing the pronunciation of Mirad consonants and glides:

&lt;small&gt;
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonants
|-
! MIRAD CONSONANT/&lt;br&gt;SEMI-CONSONANT&lt;br&gt;GRAPHEME !! IPA !! ARTICULATION !! NEAREST EQUIVALENTS
|-
| '''b''' || [b] || unaspirated voiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;on'', English ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;oy''
|-
| '''c''' || [tʃ] || unvoiced palato-alveolar affricate || English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ild'', Spanish ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ico'' (only used in foreign words)
|-
| '''d''' || [d] || unaspirated voiced alveolar plosive ||  French ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;e'', English ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''f''' || [f] || unvoiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''g''' || [g] || unaspirated voiced velar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;are'', English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ood'' (always hard, even before ''e'' and ''i'')
|-
| '''h''' || [h]&lt;br&gt;[x] || glottal fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;h&lt;/u&gt;ouse''&lt;br&gt;(used in foreign words and names as a ''kh''-like sound like German ''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''j''' || [ʒ] || voiced palatal fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;e'' or English ''mira&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''
|-
| '''k''' || [k] || unaspirated unvoiced velar fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;arte'', English ''&lt;u&gt;k&lt;/u&gt;ite'' (without aspiration) or French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;omment''
|-
| '''l''' || [l] || voiced post-alveolar lateral approximant || English ''&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;ove'' or French ''be&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;'' (never a dark '''l''' as in English ''be&lt;u&gt;ll&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''m''' || [m] || voiced bilabial nasal || English ''&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;other''
|-
| '''n''' || [n]&lt;br&gt;[ŋ] || voiced alveolar nasal ||English ''&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;obody''&lt;br&gt;Before ''g'' or ''k'', like English ''fa&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;g''
|-
| '''p''' || [p] || unvoiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;ain'', English ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;an'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''q''' || - || - || (Only used in foreign words, where it has various guttural pronunciations)
|-
| '''r''' || [r] || alveolar flap || Spanish ''mi&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;a'' or Italian ''&lt;u&gt;R&lt;/u&gt;oma'' or British Eng. '''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y''
|-
| '''s''' || [s] || unvoiced alveolar fricative || Always hard as in English ''&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;afe'' (never a ''z'' sound as in ''rose'')
|-
| '''t''' || [t] || unaspirated unvoiced alveolar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;ous'', English ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;op'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''v''' || [v] || voiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;v&lt;/u&gt;ery''
|-
| '''w''' || [w]&lt;br&gt;[ʊ] || voiced labio-velar approximant || As a pre-glide, English ''&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;ater'', French ''&lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;i''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, as in English ''la&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''x''' || [ʃ] || unvoiced post-alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;sh&lt;/u&gt;ape'' or French ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;er''
|-
| '''y''' || [j]&lt;br&gt;[ɪ] || voiced palatal approximant || As a pre-glide, like English ''&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;ard''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, like English ''bo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''z''' || /z/ || voiced alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;z&lt;/u&gt;one''.  German speakers, beware.  Mirad '''z''' is pronounced like a German '''s''', as in '''&lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;ohn''', not like '''z''' as in '''zehn''', which sounds more like ''ts''.
|}
Note: If you see a blank here instead of an IPA symbol, it probably means that the font you are using to display characters in your browser does not support these characters.
&lt;/small&gt;

== Vowels ==
: Mirad vowels are divided into simple and complex vowels.  The simple vowels are single letters, while the complex vowels have one or more glides prefixed or suffixed.
=== Simple Vowels ===
The Mirad graphemes (alphabetic letters) used to represent the simple vowel phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) are as follows:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Vowel Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
! '''GRAPHEME''' !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''o''' !! '''u'''
|-
| '''PHONEME''' || '''/a/''' || '''/e/''' || '''/i/''' || '''/o/''' || '''/u/'''
|}

:::The simple vowels are pronounced as they are in many European Latin-based languages.  The table below gives their phonetic values and some close examples in Spanish and French, and not-so-close examples in English.

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Vowels
|-
! VOWEL !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! SPANISH !! FRENCH !! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;APPROXIMATION
|-
| '''a''' || [''a''] || m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;no || &lt;u&gt;à&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-à.ogg]] || ''f&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ther''
|-
| '''e''' || [''e''] || h&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;cho || &lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-et.ogg]] || ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''i''' || [''i''] || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt; || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-si.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''o''' || [''o''] || n&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; || de l'&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-eau.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''u''' || [''u''] || t&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; || &lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-ou.ogg]] || ''t&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|}

=== Complex Vowels ===
::: Complex vowels are those preceded or followed by the glides '''y''' or '''w'''. This chart shows the possible complex vowels, their IPA equivalents,  and their approximate pronunciations using English and other languages.

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Complex Vowels
|-
! COMPLEX VOWELS !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! PRONUNCIATION 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-Y-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''ya''' || [ja] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ach&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;hia&lt;/u&gt;cinthe'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yacht.ogg]]
|-
| '''ye''' || [je] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''grill&lt;u&gt;é&lt;/u&gt;'' (''grilled'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-grillé.ogg]]
|-
| '''yi''' || [ji] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yea&lt;/u&gt;st''*, Fr. ''bou&lt;u&gt;illi&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
| '''yo''' || [jo] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;ke''*, Fr. ma&lt;u&gt;illot&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-maillot.ogg]]
|-
| '''yu''' || [ju] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;you&lt;/u&gt;''*, Fr. ''p&lt;u&gt;iou-piou&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''wa''' || [wa] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ter'', Fr. ''g&lt;u&gt;oua&lt;/u&gt;che'' (''poster paint'') &lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-water.ogg]]
|-
| '''we''' || [we] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;ouais&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')
|-
| '''wi''' || [wi] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;oui&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:Fr-oui.ogg]]
|-
| '''wo''' || [wo] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;ke''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
| '''wu''' || [wu] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-Y-GLIDED 
|-
| '''ay''' || [aɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;igh&lt;/u&gt;t'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-I.ogg]]
|-
| '''ey''' || [eɪ] || Eng. ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''r&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'' (''king'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-day.ogg]]
|-
| '''iy''' || [iɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;'', Fr. ''b&lt;u&gt;ille&lt;/u&gt;'' (''marble'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-see.ogg]]
|-
| '''oy''' || [oɪ] || Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''today'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-boy.ogg]]
|-
| '''uy''' || [uɪ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;ooey&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''m&lt;u&gt;uy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''very'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-gooey.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-W-GLIDED
|-
| '''aw''' || [ɔ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;awe&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-awe.ogg]]
|-
| '''ew''' || [eʊ] || Br. Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;'', colloq. Eng. ''T&lt;u&gt;ell&lt;/u&gt; me!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-tell.ogg]]
|-
| '''iw''' || [iʊ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;eew!&lt;/u&gt; (sound of disgust)'', Du. ''ni&lt;u&gt;ew&lt;/u&gt;''[[File:Nl-nieuw.ogg]] (''new'')
|-
| '''ow''' || [oʊ] || Eng. ''kn&lt;u&gt;ow&lt;/u&gt;'', f&lt;u&gt;oe&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-know.ogg]]
|-
| '''uw''' || [uʊ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-goo.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | CIRCUM-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''yay''' || [jaɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kes''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yikes.ogg]]
|-
| '''yey''' || [jeɪ]  || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ea&lt;/u&gt;!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yay.ogg]]
|-
| '''yiy''' || [jiɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;sh! (sound of disgust)''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-ye.ogg]]
|-
| '''yoy''' || [joɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;oi&lt;/u&gt;nk'' ( ''= New Jyoizy'' )&lt;br&gt;
|-
| '''yuy''' || [juɪ] || Eng. ''H&lt;u&gt;ughie&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:EN-AU_ck1_Hughie.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-POST-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''way''' || [waɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wi&lt;/u&gt;se'', Fr. '''&lt;u&gt;ouailles&lt;/u&gt;''' (''flock'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-wise.ogg]]
|-
| '''wey''' || [weɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;way&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-way.ogg]]
|-
| '''wiy''' || [wiɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wee&lt;/u&gt;!'' (sound of fun)&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-we.ogg]]
|-
| '''woy''' || [woɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;woy&lt;/u&gt;''  (rhymes with ''boy'')
|-
| '''wuy''' || [wuɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wooi&lt;/u&gt;sh'' (rhymes with ''gooey'')
|}
: In Mirad, the above complex vowels are considered single glided vowels for the purposes of grammar, syllabification, and stress.

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;
: Note 1: International Phonetic Alphabet.  See chart and click on sounds at [[https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/]]. 
: Note 2: Without the typical ''y-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
: Note 3: Without the typical ''w-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Alphabet|Syllabification}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9nnivxhb9dfpmamaab1akaj49fgogbc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088387</id>
      <parentid>4088386</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:01:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Simple Vowels */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13438" xml:space="preserve">= Pronunciation =
== Consonants and Glides ==
: The following chart shows the correspondence of the consonants and semi-consonantal glides (in intense yellow) with their phonemic values:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
| GRAPHEME || '''b''' || '''c''' || '''d''' || '''f''' || '''g''' || '''h''' || '''j''' || '''k''' || '''l''' || '''m''' || '''n''' || '''p''' || '''r''' || '''s''' || '''t''' || '''v''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''w''' || '''x''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''y''' || '''z'''
|-
! PHONEME !! /b/ !! /t͡ʃ/ !! /d/ !! /f/ !! /g/ !! /h/ !! /ʒ/ !! /k/ !! /l/ !! /m/ !! /n/ !! /p/ !! /ɽ/ !! /s/ !! /t/ !! /v/ !! /w/ !! /ʃ/ !! /j/ !! /z/
|}
: The following IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) chart shows the Mirad consonant phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) and semi-consonant (glide) phonemes with their phonetic properties:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Phonemes
|-
! !! !! '''Labial''' !! '''Alveolar''' !! '''Palatal''' !! '''Velar''' !! '''Glottal'''
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Nasal'''
| '''/m/''' || '''/n/''' || || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Plosive'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/b/''' || '''/d/'''  || || '''/g/''' ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/p/''' || '''/t/''' || || '''/k/''' || 
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Affricate'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| ||  || ||  ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| || ||  '''/t͡ʃ/''' || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Fricative'''
! &lt;small&gt;voiced&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/v/''' ||  '''/z/''' || '''/ʒ/''' || || 
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/f/''' ||  '''/s/''' || '''/ʃ/''' || || '''/h/'''
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Approximate'''
| || '''/l/''' || '''/j/'''  || '''/w/''' ||
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Flap'''
| ||  '''/ɽ/''' || || ||
|}
: The phonemes /'''r'''/ and /'''l'''/ are '''''consonant liquids''''' and behave in a special way in forming words in Mirad.

: The approximate phonemes /'''j'''/ and /'''w'''/ are semi-consonantal '''''glides''''' and are used to form diphthongs (complex vowels). See [[Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Vowels|Vowels]].

: In Mirad, every consonant has a one-to-one correspondence with a single phoneme (ideal sound).  Mirad does not use digraphs like ''sh'' or ''ph'' to represent consonant sounds.  There are no double consonants, although sometimes a consonant will come together with the same consonant in the same word, but not the same syllable.  There are no silent consonants.  Also, there are no letters in &quot;native&quot; Mirad with diacritical marks like '''&amp;eacute;''' or '''&amp;ntilde;'''.

: That said, the '''y''' and '''w''', while functioning as consonants in words borrowed from other languages, such as '''Yohan''' (Johann) and '''wan''' (''wan''), they are, in Mirad native words, used as semi-consonantal glides to alter the pronunciation of vowels.  See [[#Pronunciation of Vowels|Pronunciation of Vowels]].
: Here are the letters that are pronounced somewhat differently from English:

:* The  letter '''x''' is pronounced like an ''sh'' in English.
:* The letter '''h''' is never silent.  It is used to form the determiners in Mirad and is also used to simulate foreign sounds like the ''ch'' in Yiddish '''la&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ayim''' (''to life!''), or German '''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;'''.
:* The letter '''j''' is pronounced like the ''zh'' in Russian ''&lt;u&gt;Zh&lt;/u&gt;ivago'' or the ''ge'' in English ''mira&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;''.

:* The letter '''s''' is always unvoiced as English ''ss'' and never sounds like a '''z'''.

:* The letter '''g''' is always a hard sound as in English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ap'', not as in English ''wa&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''.

:* The letter '''c''' is used mostly in foreign words and represents the unvoiced affricate sound '''t͡ʃ''' like the ''ch'' in English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ur&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''.  For example, the Mirad name for ''&lt;u&gt;Ch&lt;/u&gt;ina'' is '''&lt;u&gt;C&lt;/u&gt;inam'''.  Some chemical names and metric units use the letter '''c''', in which case, it is also pronounced like the ''ch'' in English ''church''.

:* The unvoiced plosives '''p''', '''t''', and '''k''' are pronounced without the puff of breath that sometimes follows them in their English counterparts.  The corresponding consonants in French are exact equivalents.

:* The consonant '''r''' should be a flap or trill like the ''r'' in Brit. Eng. ''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y'' or the single ''r'' in Spanish ''pe&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;o''.

:* The consonants in the Mirad alphabet correspond one-to-one with phonemes.  There are no cases of consonant sounds being represented in native words by digraphs as in English ''ph'', ''sh'', ''ch'', or ''th''.  For example, the ''sh'' sound in English is represented by '''x''' in Mirad.

: Here is a chart showing the pronunciation of Mirad consonants and glides:

&lt;small&gt;
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonants
|-
! MIRAD CONSONANT/&lt;br&gt;SEMI-CONSONANT&lt;br&gt;GRAPHEME !! IPA !! ARTICULATION !! NEAREST EQUIVALENTS
|-
| '''b''' || [b] || unaspirated voiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;on'', English ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;oy''
|-
| '''c''' || [tʃ] || unvoiced palato-alveolar affricate || English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ild'', Spanish ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ico'' (only used in foreign words)
|-
| '''d''' || [d] || unaspirated voiced alveolar plosive ||  French ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;e'', English ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''f''' || [f] || unvoiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''g''' || [g] || unaspirated voiced velar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;are'', English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ood'' (always hard, even before ''e'' and ''i'')
|-
| '''h''' || [h]&lt;br&gt;[x] || glottal fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;h&lt;/u&gt;ouse''&lt;br&gt;(used in foreign words and names as a ''kh''-like sound like German ''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''j''' || [ʒ] || voiced palatal fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;e'' or English ''mira&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''
|-
| '''k''' || [k] || unaspirated unvoiced velar fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;arte'', English ''&lt;u&gt;k&lt;/u&gt;ite'' (without aspiration) or French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;omment''
|-
| '''l''' || [l] || voiced post-alveolar lateral approximant || English ''&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;ove'' or French ''be&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;'' (never a dark '''l''' as in English ''be&lt;u&gt;ll&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''m''' || [m] || voiced bilabial nasal || English ''&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;other''
|-
| '''n''' || [n]&lt;br&gt;[ŋ] || voiced alveolar nasal ||English ''&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;obody''&lt;br&gt;Before ''g'' or ''k'', like English ''fa&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;g''
|-
| '''p''' || [p] || unvoiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;ain'', English ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;an'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''q''' || - || - || (Only used in foreign words, where it has various guttural pronunciations)
|-
| '''r''' || [r] || alveolar flap || Spanish ''mi&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;a'' or Italian ''&lt;u&gt;R&lt;/u&gt;oma'' or British Eng. '''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y''
|-
| '''s''' || [s] || unvoiced alveolar fricative || Always hard as in English ''&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;afe'' (never a ''z'' sound as in ''rose'')
|-
| '''t''' || [t] || unaspirated unvoiced alveolar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;ous'', English ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;op'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''v''' || [v] || voiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;v&lt;/u&gt;ery''
|-
| '''w''' || [w]&lt;br&gt;[ʊ] || voiced labio-velar approximant || As a pre-glide, English ''&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;ater'', French ''&lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;i''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, as in English ''la&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''x''' || [ʃ] || unvoiced post-alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;sh&lt;/u&gt;ape'' or French ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;er''
|-
| '''y''' || [j]&lt;br&gt;[ɪ] || voiced palatal approximant || As a pre-glide, like English ''&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;ard''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, like English ''bo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''z''' || /z/ || voiced alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;z&lt;/u&gt;one''.  German speakers, beware.  Mirad '''z''' is pronounced like a German '''s''', as in '''&lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;ohn''', not like '''z''' as in '''zehn''', which sounds more like ''ts''.
|}
Note: If you see a blank here instead of an IPA symbol, it probably means that the font you are using to display characters in your browser does not support these characters.
&lt;/small&gt;

== Vowels ==
: Mirad vowels are divided into simple and complex vowels.  The simple vowels are single letters, while the complex vowels have one or more glides prefixed or suffixed.
=== Simple Vowels ===
The Mirad graphemes (alphabetic letters) used to represent the simple vowel phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) are as follows:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Vowel Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
! '''GRAPHEME''' !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''o''' !! '''u'''
|-
| '''PHONEME''' || '''/a/''' || '''/e/''' || '''/i/''' || '''/o/''' || '''/u/'''
|}

:The simple vowels are pronounced as they are in many European Latin-based languages.  The table below gives their phonetic values and some close examples in Spanish and French, and not-so-close examples in English.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Vowels
|-
! VOWEL !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! SPANISH !! FRENCH !! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;APPROXIMATION
|-
| '''a''' || [''a''] || m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;no || &lt;u&gt;à&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-à.ogg]] || ''f&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ther''
|-
| '''e''' || [''e''] || h&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;cho || &lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-et.ogg]] || ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''i''' || [''i''] || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt; || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-si.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''o''' || [''o''] || n&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; || de l'&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-eau.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''u''' || [''u''] || t&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; || &lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-ou.ogg]] || ''t&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|}

=== Complex Vowels ===
::: Complex vowels are those preceded or followed by the glides '''y''' or '''w'''. This chart shows the possible complex vowels, their IPA equivalents,  and their approximate pronunciations using English and other languages.

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Complex Vowels
|-
! COMPLEX VOWELS !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! PRONUNCIATION 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-Y-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''ya''' || [ja] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ach&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;hia&lt;/u&gt;cinthe'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yacht.ogg]]
|-
| '''ye''' || [je] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''grill&lt;u&gt;é&lt;/u&gt;'' (''grilled'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-grillé.ogg]]
|-
| '''yi''' || [ji] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yea&lt;/u&gt;st''*, Fr. ''bou&lt;u&gt;illi&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
| '''yo''' || [jo] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;ke''*, Fr. ma&lt;u&gt;illot&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-maillot.ogg]]
|-
| '''yu''' || [ju] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;you&lt;/u&gt;''*, Fr. ''p&lt;u&gt;iou-piou&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''wa''' || [wa] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ter'', Fr. ''g&lt;u&gt;oua&lt;/u&gt;che'' (''poster paint'') &lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-water.ogg]]
|-
| '''we''' || [we] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;ouais&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')
|-
| '''wi''' || [wi] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;oui&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:Fr-oui.ogg]]
|-
| '''wo''' || [wo] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;ke''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
| '''wu''' || [wu] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-Y-GLIDED 
|-
| '''ay''' || [aɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;igh&lt;/u&gt;t'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-I.ogg]]
|-
| '''ey''' || [eɪ] || Eng. ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''r&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'' (''king'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-day.ogg]]
|-
| '''iy''' || [iɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;'', Fr. ''b&lt;u&gt;ille&lt;/u&gt;'' (''marble'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-see.ogg]]
|-
| '''oy''' || [oɪ] || Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''today'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-boy.ogg]]
|-
| '''uy''' || [uɪ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;ooey&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''m&lt;u&gt;uy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''very'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-gooey.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-W-GLIDED
|-
| '''aw''' || [ɔ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;awe&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-awe.ogg]]
|-
| '''ew''' || [eʊ] || Br. Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;'', colloq. Eng. ''T&lt;u&gt;ell&lt;/u&gt; me!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-tell.ogg]]
|-
| '''iw''' || [iʊ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;eew!&lt;/u&gt; (sound of disgust)'', Du. ''ni&lt;u&gt;ew&lt;/u&gt;''[[File:Nl-nieuw.ogg]] (''new'')
|-
| '''ow''' || [oʊ] || Eng. ''kn&lt;u&gt;ow&lt;/u&gt;'', f&lt;u&gt;oe&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-know.ogg]]
|-
| '''uw''' || [uʊ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-goo.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | CIRCUM-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''yay''' || [jaɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kes''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yikes.ogg]]
|-
| '''yey''' || [jeɪ]  || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ea&lt;/u&gt;!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yay.ogg]]
|-
| '''yiy''' || [jiɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;sh! (sound of disgust)''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-ye.ogg]]
|-
| '''yoy''' || [joɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;oi&lt;/u&gt;nk'' ( ''= New Jyoizy'' )&lt;br&gt;
|-
| '''yuy''' || [juɪ] || Eng. ''H&lt;u&gt;ughie&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:EN-AU_ck1_Hughie.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-POST-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''way''' || [waɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wi&lt;/u&gt;se'', Fr. '''&lt;u&gt;ouailles&lt;/u&gt;''' (''flock'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-wise.ogg]]
|-
| '''wey''' || [weɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;way&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-way.ogg]]
|-
| '''wiy''' || [wiɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wee&lt;/u&gt;!'' (sound of fun)&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-we.ogg]]
|-
| '''woy''' || [woɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;woy&lt;/u&gt;''  (rhymes with ''boy'')
|-
| '''wuy''' || [wuɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wooi&lt;/u&gt;sh'' (rhymes with ''gooey'')
|}
: In Mirad, the above complex vowels are considered single glided vowels for the purposes of grammar, syllabification, and stress.

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;
: Note 1: International Phonetic Alphabet.  See chart and click on sounds at [[https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/]]. 
: Note 2: Without the typical ''y-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
: Note 3: Without the typical ''w-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Alphabet|Syllabification}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>src205rg72kc9vdo1uzgepe0qxy9ke8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088388</id>
      <parentid>4088387</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:02:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Complex Vowels */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13435" xml:space="preserve">= Pronunciation =
== Consonants and Glides ==
: The following chart shows the correspondence of the consonants and semi-consonantal glides (in intense yellow) with their phonemic values:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
| GRAPHEME || '''b''' || '''c''' || '''d''' || '''f''' || '''g''' || '''h''' || '''j''' || '''k''' || '''l''' || '''m''' || '''n''' || '''p''' || '''r''' || '''s''' || '''t''' || '''v''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''w''' || '''x''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''y''' || '''z'''
|-
! PHONEME !! /b/ !! /t͡ʃ/ !! /d/ !! /f/ !! /g/ !! /h/ !! /ʒ/ !! /k/ !! /l/ !! /m/ !! /n/ !! /p/ !! /ɽ/ !! /s/ !! /t/ !! /v/ !! /w/ !! /ʃ/ !! /j/ !! /z/
|}
: The following IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) chart shows the Mirad consonant phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) and semi-consonant (glide) phonemes with their phonetic properties:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Phonemes
|-
! !! !! '''Labial''' !! '''Alveolar''' !! '''Palatal''' !! '''Velar''' !! '''Glottal'''
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Nasal'''
| '''/m/''' || '''/n/''' || || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Plosive'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/b/''' || '''/d/'''  || || '''/g/''' ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/p/''' || '''/t/''' || || '''/k/''' || 
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Affricate'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| ||  || ||  ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| || ||  '''/t͡ʃ/''' || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Fricative'''
! &lt;small&gt;voiced&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/v/''' ||  '''/z/''' || '''/ʒ/''' || || 
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/f/''' ||  '''/s/''' || '''/ʃ/''' || || '''/h/'''
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Approximate'''
| || '''/l/''' || '''/j/'''  || '''/w/''' ||
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Flap'''
| ||  '''/ɽ/''' || || ||
|}
: The phonemes /'''r'''/ and /'''l'''/ are '''''consonant liquids''''' and behave in a special way in forming words in Mirad.

: The approximate phonemes /'''j'''/ and /'''w'''/ are semi-consonantal '''''glides''''' and are used to form diphthongs (complex vowels). See [[Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Vowels|Vowels]].

: In Mirad, every consonant has a one-to-one correspondence with a single phoneme (ideal sound).  Mirad does not use digraphs like ''sh'' or ''ph'' to represent consonant sounds.  There are no double consonants, although sometimes a consonant will come together with the same consonant in the same word, but not the same syllable.  There are no silent consonants.  Also, there are no letters in &quot;native&quot; Mirad with diacritical marks like '''&amp;eacute;''' or '''&amp;ntilde;'''.

: That said, the '''y''' and '''w''', while functioning as consonants in words borrowed from other languages, such as '''Yohan''' (Johann) and '''wan''' (''wan''), they are, in Mirad native words, used as semi-consonantal glides to alter the pronunciation of vowels.  See [[#Pronunciation of Vowels|Pronunciation of Vowels]].
: Here are the letters that are pronounced somewhat differently from English:

:* The  letter '''x''' is pronounced like an ''sh'' in English.
:* The letter '''h''' is never silent.  It is used to form the determiners in Mirad and is also used to simulate foreign sounds like the ''ch'' in Yiddish '''la&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ayim''' (''to life!''), or German '''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;'''.
:* The letter '''j''' is pronounced like the ''zh'' in Russian ''&lt;u&gt;Zh&lt;/u&gt;ivago'' or the ''ge'' in English ''mira&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;''.

:* The letter '''s''' is always unvoiced as English ''ss'' and never sounds like a '''z'''.

:* The letter '''g''' is always a hard sound as in English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ap'', not as in English ''wa&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''.

:* The letter '''c''' is used mostly in foreign words and represents the unvoiced affricate sound '''t͡ʃ''' like the ''ch'' in English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ur&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''.  For example, the Mirad name for ''&lt;u&gt;Ch&lt;/u&gt;ina'' is '''&lt;u&gt;C&lt;/u&gt;inam'''.  Some chemical names and metric units use the letter '''c''', in which case, it is also pronounced like the ''ch'' in English ''church''.

:* The unvoiced plosives '''p''', '''t''', and '''k''' are pronounced without the puff of breath that sometimes follows them in their English counterparts.  The corresponding consonants in French are exact equivalents.

:* The consonant '''r''' should be a flap or trill like the ''r'' in Brit. Eng. ''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y'' or the single ''r'' in Spanish ''pe&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;o''.

:* The consonants in the Mirad alphabet correspond one-to-one with phonemes.  There are no cases of consonant sounds being represented in native words by digraphs as in English ''ph'', ''sh'', ''ch'', or ''th''.  For example, the ''sh'' sound in English is represented by '''x''' in Mirad.

: Here is a chart showing the pronunciation of Mirad consonants and glides:

&lt;small&gt;
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonants
|-
! MIRAD CONSONANT/&lt;br&gt;SEMI-CONSONANT&lt;br&gt;GRAPHEME !! IPA !! ARTICULATION !! NEAREST EQUIVALENTS
|-
| '''b''' || [b] || unaspirated voiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;on'', English ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;oy''
|-
| '''c''' || [tʃ] || unvoiced palato-alveolar affricate || English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ild'', Spanish ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ico'' (only used in foreign words)
|-
| '''d''' || [d] || unaspirated voiced alveolar plosive ||  French ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;e'', English ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''f''' || [f] || unvoiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''g''' || [g] || unaspirated voiced velar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;are'', English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ood'' (always hard, even before ''e'' and ''i'')
|-
| '''h''' || [h]&lt;br&gt;[x] || glottal fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;h&lt;/u&gt;ouse''&lt;br&gt;(used in foreign words and names as a ''kh''-like sound like German ''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''j''' || [ʒ] || voiced palatal fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;e'' or English ''mira&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''
|-
| '''k''' || [k] || unaspirated unvoiced velar fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;arte'', English ''&lt;u&gt;k&lt;/u&gt;ite'' (without aspiration) or French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;omment''
|-
| '''l''' || [l] || voiced post-alveolar lateral approximant || English ''&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;ove'' or French ''be&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;'' (never a dark '''l''' as in English ''be&lt;u&gt;ll&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''m''' || [m] || voiced bilabial nasal || English ''&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;other''
|-
| '''n''' || [n]&lt;br&gt;[ŋ] || voiced alveolar nasal ||English ''&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;obody''&lt;br&gt;Before ''g'' or ''k'', like English ''fa&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;g''
|-
| '''p''' || [p] || unvoiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;ain'', English ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;an'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''q''' || - || - || (Only used in foreign words, where it has various guttural pronunciations)
|-
| '''r''' || [r] || alveolar flap || Spanish ''mi&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;a'' or Italian ''&lt;u&gt;R&lt;/u&gt;oma'' or British Eng. '''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y''
|-
| '''s''' || [s] || unvoiced alveolar fricative || Always hard as in English ''&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;afe'' (never a ''z'' sound as in ''rose'')
|-
| '''t''' || [t] || unaspirated unvoiced alveolar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;ous'', English ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;op'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''v''' || [v] || voiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;v&lt;/u&gt;ery''
|-
| '''w''' || [w]&lt;br&gt;[ʊ] || voiced labio-velar approximant || As a pre-glide, English ''&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;ater'', French ''&lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;i''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, as in English ''la&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''x''' || [ʃ] || unvoiced post-alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;sh&lt;/u&gt;ape'' or French ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;er''
|-
| '''y''' || [j]&lt;br&gt;[ɪ] || voiced palatal approximant || As a pre-glide, like English ''&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;ard''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, like English ''bo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''z''' || /z/ || voiced alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;z&lt;/u&gt;one''.  German speakers, beware.  Mirad '''z''' is pronounced like a German '''s''', as in '''&lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;ohn''', not like '''z''' as in '''zehn''', which sounds more like ''ts''.
|}
Note: If you see a blank here instead of an IPA symbol, it probably means that the font you are using to display characters in your browser does not support these characters.
&lt;/small&gt;

== Vowels ==
: Mirad vowels are divided into simple and complex vowels.  The simple vowels are single letters, while the complex vowels have one or more glides prefixed or suffixed.
=== Simple Vowels ===
The Mirad graphemes (alphabetic letters) used to represent the simple vowel phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) are as follows:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Vowel Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
! '''GRAPHEME''' !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''o''' !! '''u'''
|-
| '''PHONEME''' || '''/a/''' || '''/e/''' || '''/i/''' || '''/o/''' || '''/u/'''
|}

:The simple vowels are pronounced as they are in many European Latin-based languages.  The table below gives their phonetic values and some close examples in Spanish and French, and not-so-close examples in English.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Vowels
|-
! VOWEL !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! SPANISH !! FRENCH !! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;APPROXIMATION
|-
| '''a''' || [''a''] || m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;no || &lt;u&gt;à&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-à.ogg]] || ''f&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ther''
|-
| '''e''' || [''e''] || h&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;cho || &lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-et.ogg]] || ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''i''' || [''i''] || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt; || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-si.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''o''' || [''o''] || n&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; || de l'&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-eau.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''u''' || [''u''] || t&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; || &lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-ou.ogg]] || ''t&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|}

=== Complex Vowels ===
: Complex vowels are those preceded or followed by the glides '''y''' or '''w'''. This chart shows the possible complex vowels, their IPA equivalents,  and their approximate pronunciations using English and other languages.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Complex Vowels
|-
! COMPLEX VOWELS !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! PRONUNCIATION 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-Y-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''ya''' || [ja] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ach&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;hia&lt;/u&gt;cinthe'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yacht.ogg]]
|-
| '''ye''' || [je] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''grill&lt;u&gt;é&lt;/u&gt;'' (''grilled'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-grillé.ogg]]
|-
| '''yi''' || [ji] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yea&lt;/u&gt;st''*, Fr. ''bou&lt;u&gt;illi&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
| '''yo''' || [jo] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;ke''*, Fr. ma&lt;u&gt;illot&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-maillot.ogg]]
|-
| '''yu''' || [ju] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;you&lt;/u&gt;''*, Fr. ''p&lt;u&gt;iou-piou&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''wa''' || [wa] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ter'', Fr. ''g&lt;u&gt;oua&lt;/u&gt;che'' (''poster paint'') &lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-water.ogg]]
|-
| '''we''' || [we] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;ouais&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')
|-
| '''wi''' || [wi] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;oui&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:Fr-oui.ogg]]
|-
| '''wo''' || [wo] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;ke''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
| '''wu''' || [wu] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-Y-GLIDED 
|-
| '''ay''' || [aɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;igh&lt;/u&gt;t'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-I.ogg]]
|-
| '''ey''' || [eɪ] || Eng. ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''r&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'' (''king'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-day.ogg]]
|-
| '''iy''' || [iɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;'', Fr. ''b&lt;u&gt;ille&lt;/u&gt;'' (''marble'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-see.ogg]]
|-
| '''oy''' || [oɪ] || Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''today'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-boy.ogg]]
|-
| '''uy''' || [uɪ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;ooey&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''m&lt;u&gt;uy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''very'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-gooey.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-W-GLIDED
|-
| '''aw''' || [ɔ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;awe&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-awe.ogg]]
|-
| '''ew''' || [eʊ] || Br. Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;'', colloq. Eng. ''T&lt;u&gt;ell&lt;/u&gt; me!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-tell.ogg]]
|-
| '''iw''' || [iʊ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;eew!&lt;/u&gt; (sound of disgust)'', Du. ''ni&lt;u&gt;ew&lt;/u&gt;''[[File:Nl-nieuw.ogg]] (''new'')
|-
| '''ow''' || [oʊ] || Eng. ''kn&lt;u&gt;ow&lt;/u&gt;'', f&lt;u&gt;oe&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-know.ogg]]
|-
| '''uw''' || [uʊ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-goo.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | CIRCUM-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''yay''' || [jaɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kes''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yikes.ogg]]
|-
| '''yey''' || [jeɪ]  || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ea&lt;/u&gt;!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yay.ogg]]
|-
| '''yiy''' || [jiɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;sh! (sound of disgust)''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-ye.ogg]]
|-
| '''yoy''' || [joɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;oi&lt;/u&gt;nk'' ( ''= New Jyoizy'' )&lt;br&gt;
|-
| '''yuy''' || [juɪ] || Eng. ''H&lt;u&gt;ughie&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:EN-AU_ck1_Hughie.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-POST-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''way''' || [waɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wi&lt;/u&gt;se'', Fr. '''&lt;u&gt;ouailles&lt;/u&gt;''' (''flock'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-wise.ogg]]
|-
| '''wey''' || [weɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;way&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-way.ogg]]
|-
| '''wiy''' || [wiɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wee&lt;/u&gt;!'' (sound of fun)&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-we.ogg]]
|-
| '''woy''' || [woɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;woy&lt;/u&gt;''  (rhymes with ''boy'')
|-
| '''wuy''' || [wuɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wooi&lt;/u&gt;sh'' (rhymes with ''gooey'')
|}
: In Mirad, the above complex vowels are considered single glided vowels for the purposes of grammar, syllabification, and stress.

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;
: Note 1: International Phonetic Alphabet.  See chart and click on sounds at [[https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/]]. 
: Note 2: Without the typical ''y-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
: Note 3: Without the typical ''w-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Alphabet|Syllabification}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>djly7qf6f42jz6drp3binvug6avhrv2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088389</id>
      <parentid>4088388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:03:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Complex Vowels */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13439" xml:space="preserve">= Pronunciation =
== Consonants and Glides ==
: The following chart shows the correspondence of the consonants and semi-consonantal glides (in intense yellow) with their phonemic values:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
| GRAPHEME || '''b''' || '''c''' || '''d''' || '''f''' || '''g''' || '''h''' || '''j''' || '''k''' || '''l''' || '''m''' || '''n''' || '''p''' || '''r''' || '''s''' || '''t''' || '''v''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''w''' || '''x''' ||style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;| '''y''' || '''z'''
|-
! PHONEME !! /b/ !! /t͡ʃ/ !! /d/ !! /f/ !! /g/ !! /h/ !! /ʒ/ !! /k/ !! /l/ !! /m/ !! /n/ !! /p/ !! /ɽ/ !! /s/ !! /t/ !! /v/ !! /w/ !! /ʃ/ !! /j/ !! /z/
|}
: The following IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) chart shows the Mirad consonant phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) and semi-consonant (glide) phonemes with their phonetic properties:

::{| class=&quot;IPA wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonant Phonemes
|-
! !! !! '''Labial''' !! '''Alveolar''' !! '''Palatal''' !! '''Velar''' !! '''Glottal'''
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Nasal'''
| '''/m/''' || '''/n/''' || || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Plosive'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/b/''' || '''/d/'''  || || '''/g/''' ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/p/''' || '''/t/''' || || '''/k/''' || 
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Affricate'''
! &lt;small&gt;'''voiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| ||  || ||  ||
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| || ||  '''/t͡ʃ/''' || ||
|- 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Fricative'''
! &lt;small&gt;voiced&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/v/''' ||  '''/z/''' || '''/ʒ/''' || || 
|- 
! &lt;small&gt;'''unvoiced'''&lt;/small&gt;
| '''/f/''' ||  '''/s/''' || '''/ʃ/''' || || '''/h/'''
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Approximate'''
| || '''/l/''' || '''/j/'''  || '''/w/''' ||
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''Flap'''
| ||  '''/ɽ/''' || || ||
|}
: The phonemes /'''r'''/ and /'''l'''/ are '''''consonant liquids''''' and behave in a special way in forming words in Mirad.

: The approximate phonemes /'''j'''/ and /'''w'''/ are semi-consonantal '''''glides''''' and are used to form diphthongs (complex vowels). See [[Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Vowels|Vowels]].

: In Mirad, every consonant has a one-to-one correspondence with a single phoneme (ideal sound).  Mirad does not use digraphs like ''sh'' or ''ph'' to represent consonant sounds.  There are no double consonants, although sometimes a consonant will come together with the same consonant in the same word, but not the same syllable.  There are no silent consonants.  Also, there are no letters in &quot;native&quot; Mirad with diacritical marks like '''&amp;eacute;''' or '''&amp;ntilde;'''.

: That said, the '''y''' and '''w''', while functioning as consonants in words borrowed from other languages, such as '''Yohan''' (Johann) and '''wan''' (''wan''), they are, in Mirad native words, used as semi-consonantal glides to alter the pronunciation of vowels.  See [[#Pronunciation of Vowels|Pronunciation of Vowels]].
: Here are the letters that are pronounced somewhat differently from English:

:* The  letter '''x''' is pronounced like an ''sh'' in English.
:* The letter '''h''' is never silent.  It is used to form the determiners in Mirad and is also used to simulate foreign sounds like the ''ch'' in Yiddish '''la&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ayim''' (''to life!''), or German '''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;'''.
:* The letter '''j''' is pronounced like the ''zh'' in Russian ''&lt;u&gt;Zh&lt;/u&gt;ivago'' or the ''ge'' in English ''mira&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;''.

:* The letter '''s''' is always unvoiced as English ''ss'' and never sounds like a '''z'''.

:* The letter '''g''' is always a hard sound as in English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ap'', not as in English ''wa&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''.

:* The letter '''c''' is used mostly in foreign words and represents the unvoiced affricate sound '''t͡ʃ''' like the ''ch'' in English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ur&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''.  For example, the Mirad name for ''&lt;u&gt;Ch&lt;/u&gt;ina'' is '''&lt;u&gt;C&lt;/u&gt;inam'''.  Some chemical names and metric units use the letter '''c''', in which case, it is also pronounced like the ''ch'' in English ''church''.

:* The unvoiced plosives '''p''', '''t''', and '''k''' are pronounced without the puff of breath that sometimes follows them in their English counterparts.  The corresponding consonants in French are exact equivalents.

:* The consonant '''r''' should be a flap or trill like the ''r'' in Brit. Eng. ''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y'' or the single ''r'' in Spanish ''pe&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;o''.

:* The consonants in the Mirad alphabet correspond one-to-one with phonemes.  There are no cases of consonant sounds being represented in native words by digraphs as in English ''ph'', ''sh'', ''ch'', or ''th''.  For example, the ''sh'' sound in English is represented by '''x''' in Mirad.

: Here is a chart showing the pronunciation of Mirad consonants and glides:

&lt;small&gt;
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Consonants
|-
! MIRAD CONSONANT/&lt;br&gt;SEMI-CONSONANT&lt;br&gt;GRAPHEME !! IPA !! ARTICULATION !! NEAREST EQUIVALENTS
|-
| '''b''' || [b] || unaspirated voiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;on'', English ''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;oy''
|-
| '''c''' || [tʃ] || unvoiced palato-alveolar affricate || English ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ild'', Spanish ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;ico'' (only used in foreign words)
|-
| '''d''' || [d] || unaspirated voiced alveolar plosive ||  French ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;e'', English ''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''f''' || [f] || unvoiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;og''
|-
| '''g''' || [g] || unaspirated voiced velar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;are'', English ''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;ood'' (always hard, even before ''e'' and ''i'')
|-
| '''h''' || [h]&lt;br&gt;[x] || glottal fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;h&lt;/u&gt;ouse''&lt;br&gt;(used in foreign words and names as a ''kh''-like sound like German ''Ba&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''j''' || [ʒ] || voiced palatal fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;e'' or English ''mira&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;e''
|-
| '''k''' || [k] || unaspirated unvoiced velar fricative || French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;arte'', English ''&lt;u&gt;k&lt;/u&gt;ite'' (without aspiration) or French ''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;omment''
|-
| '''l''' || [l] || voiced post-alveolar lateral approximant || English ''&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;ove'' or French ''be&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;'' (never a dark '''l''' as in English ''be&lt;u&gt;ll&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''m''' || [m] || voiced bilabial nasal || English ''&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;other''
|-
| '''n''' || [n]&lt;br&gt;[ŋ] || voiced alveolar nasal ||English ''&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;obody''&lt;br&gt;Before ''g'' or ''k'', like English ''fa&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;g''
|-
| '''p''' || [p] || unvoiced bilabial plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;ain'', English ''&lt;u&gt;p&lt;/u&gt;an'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''q''' || - || - || (Only used in foreign words, where it has various guttural pronunciations)
|-
| '''r''' || [r] || alveolar flap || Spanish ''mi&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;a'' or Italian ''&lt;u&gt;R&lt;/u&gt;oma'' or British Eng. '''ve&lt;u&gt;r&lt;/u&gt;y''
|-
| '''s''' || [s] || unvoiced alveolar fricative || Always hard as in English ''&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;afe'' (never a ''z'' sound as in ''rose'')
|-
| '''t''' || [t] || unaspirated unvoiced alveolar plosive || French ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;ous'', English ''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;op'' (without aspiration)
|-
| '''v''' || [v] || voiced bilabial fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;v&lt;/u&gt;ery''
|-
| '''w''' || [w]&lt;br&gt;[ʊ] || voiced labio-velar approximant || As a pre-glide, English ''&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;ater'', French ''&lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;i''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, as in English ''la&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;''
|-
| '''x''' || [ʃ] || unvoiced post-alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;sh&lt;/u&gt;ape'' or French ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;er''
|-
| '''y''' || [j]&lt;br&gt;[ɪ] || voiced palatal approximant || As a pre-glide, like English ''&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;ard''&lt;br&gt;As a post-glide, like English ''bo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;''.
|-
| '''z''' || /z/ || voiced alveolar fricative || English ''&lt;u&gt;z&lt;/u&gt;one''.  German speakers, beware.  Mirad '''z''' is pronounced like a German '''s''', as in '''&lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;ohn''', not like '''z''' as in '''zehn''', which sounds more like ''ts''.
|}
Note: If you see a blank here instead of an IPA symbol, it probably means that the font you are using to display characters in your browser does not support these characters.
&lt;/small&gt;

== Vowels ==
: Mirad vowels are divided into simple and complex vowels.  The simple vowels are single letters, while the complex vowels have one or more glides prefixed or suffixed.
=== Simple Vowels ===
The Mirad graphemes (alphabetic letters) used to represent the simple vowel phonemes (minimal meaningful sounds) are as follows:
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Vowel Graphemes and Phonemes
|-
! '''GRAPHEME''' !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''o''' !! '''u'''
|-
| '''PHONEME''' || '''/a/''' || '''/e/''' || '''/i/''' || '''/o/''' || '''/u/'''
|}

:The simple vowels are pronounced as they are in many European Latin-based languages.  The table below gives their phonetic values and some close examples in Spanish and French, and not-so-close examples in English.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Simple Vowels
|-
! VOWEL !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! SPANISH !! FRENCH !! ENGLISH&lt;br&gt;APPROXIMATION
|-
| '''a''' || [''a''] || m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;no || &lt;u&gt;à&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-à.ogg]] || ''f&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ther''
|-
| '''e''' || [''e''] || h&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;cho || &lt;u&gt;et&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-et.ogg]] || ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''i''' || [''i''] || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt; || s&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-si.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''o''' || [''o''] || n&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; || de l'&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-eau.ogg]] || ''s&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| '''u''' || [''u''] || t&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt; || &lt;u&gt;ou&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-ou.ogg]] || ''t&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|}

=== Complex Vowels ===
: Complex vowels are those preceded or followed by the glides '''y''' or '''w'''. This chart shows the possible complex vowels, their IPA equivalents,  and their approximate pronunciations using English and other languages.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Complex Vowels
|-
! COMPLEX VOWELS !! IPA&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; !! PRONUNCIATION 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-Y-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''ya''' || [ja] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ach&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;hia&lt;/u&gt;cinthe'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yacht.ogg]]
|-
| '''ye''' || [je] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''grill&lt;u&gt;é&lt;/u&gt;'' (''grilled'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-grillé.ogg]]
|-
| '''yi''' || [ji] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yea&lt;/u&gt;st''*, Fr. ''bou&lt;u&gt;illi&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
| '''yo''' || [jo] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;ke''*, Fr. ma&lt;u&gt;illot&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:fr-maillot.ogg]]
|-
| '''yu''' || [ju] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;you&lt;/u&gt;''*, Fr. ''p&lt;u&gt;iou-piou&lt;/u&gt;'' 
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-GLIDED VOWELS
|-
| '''wa''' || [wa] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ter'', Fr. ''g&lt;u&gt;oua&lt;/u&gt;che'' (''poster paint'') &lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-water.ogg]]
|-
| '''we''' || [we] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;t'', Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;ouais&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')
|-
| '''wi''' || [wi] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Fr. ''&lt;u&gt;oui&lt;/u&gt;'' (''yes'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:Fr-oui.ogg]]
|-
| '''wo''' || [wo] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;ke''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
| '''wu''' || [wu] || Eng. ''w&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-Y-GLIDED 
|-
| '''ay''' || [aɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;igh&lt;/u&gt;t'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'' (''there is'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-I.ogg]]
|-
| '''ey''' || [eɪ] || Eng. ''d&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''r&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'' (''king'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-day.ogg]]
|-
| '''iy''' || [iɪ] || Eng. ''s&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;'', Fr. ''b&lt;u&gt;ille&lt;/u&gt;'' (''marble'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-see.ogg]]
|-
| '''oy''' || [oɪ] || Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''h&lt;u&gt;oy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''today'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-boy.ogg]]
|-
| '''uy''' || [uɪ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;ooey&lt;/u&gt;'', Sp. ''m&lt;u&gt;uy&lt;/u&gt;'' (''very'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-gooey.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | POST-W-GLIDED
|-
| '''aw''' || [ɔ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;awe&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-awe.ogg]]
|-
| '''ew''' || [eʊ] || Br. Eng. ''b&lt;u&gt;eau&lt;/u&gt;'', colloq. Eng. ''T&lt;u&gt;ell&lt;/u&gt; me!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-tell.ogg]]
|-
| '''iw''' || [iʊ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;eew!&lt;/u&gt; (sound of disgust)'', Du. ''ni&lt;u&gt;ew&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:Nl-nieuw.ogg]] (''new'')
|-
| '''ow''' || [oʊ] || Eng. ''kn&lt;u&gt;ow&lt;/u&gt;'', f&lt;u&gt;oe&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-know.ogg]]
|-
| '''uw''' || [uʊ] || Eng. ''g&lt;u&gt;oo&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-goo.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | CIRCUM-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''yay''' || [jaɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kes''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yikes.ogg]]
|-
| '''yey''' || [jeɪ]  || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ea&lt;/u&gt;!''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-yay.ogg]]
|-
| '''yiy''' || [jiɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;ee&lt;/u&gt;sh! (sound of disgust)''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-ye.ogg]]
|-
| '''yoy''' || [joɪ] || Eng. ''y&lt;u&gt;oi&lt;/u&gt;nk'' ( ''= New Jyoizy'' )&lt;br&gt;
|-
| '''yuy''' || [juɪ] || Eng. ''H&lt;u&gt;ughie&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:EN-AU_ck1_Hughie.ogg]]
|-
! colspan=3 | PRE-W-POST-Y-GLIDED
|-
| '''way''' || [waɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wi&lt;/u&gt;se'', Fr. '''&lt;u&gt;ouailles&lt;/u&gt;''' (''flock'')&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-wise.ogg]]
|-
| '''wey''' || [weɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;way&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-way.ogg]]
|-
| '''wiy''' || [wiɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wee&lt;/u&gt;!'' (sound of fun)&lt;br&gt;[[File:en-us-we.ogg]]
|-
| '''woy''' || [woɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;woy&lt;/u&gt;''  (rhymes with ''boy'')
|-
| '''wuy''' || [wuɪ] || Eng. ''&lt;u&gt;wooi&lt;/u&gt;sh'' (rhymes with ''gooey'')
|}
: In Mirad, the above complex vowels are considered single glided vowels for the purposes of grammar, syllabification, and stress.

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;
: Note 1: International Phonetic Alphabet.  See chart and click on sounds at [[https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/]]. 
: Note 2: Without the typical ''y-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
: Note 3: Without the typical ''w-glide'' at the end of the English vowel.  The vowel should be pure, as in the Romance languages of Europe.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Alphabet|Syllabification}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>m1trq8zpmyytfiht6rfv3vl0027irwq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Phonotactics</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448084</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088333</id>
      <parentid>4088061</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:31:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Phonotactics */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1327" xml:space="preserve">= Phonotactics =
: Phonotactics refers to the patterns in which the phonemes of a language may combine to form sequences.  The possible syllabic patterns of Mirad are given below in a chart.
: For the purposes of this chart:
::* G stands for the glides '''y''' or '''w'''.
::* L stands for the liquids '''r''' and '''l'''.
::* C stands for consonants other than glides or liquids.
::* V stands for single vowels.
::* + means 1 to 3 of the foregoing letter
::* Parentheses indicate that a letter is optional.
::* Bracketing indicates a choice of letters or patterns.

: Syllables in native Mirad are shaped according to the following pattern constraints:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Phonotactics
|-
! ALLOWABLE SYLLABIC PATTERNS !! EXAMPLES
|-
| (C)[LG]V+(G)(L)(C) || '''o, ay, xwa, gyo, gra, toyb, glays, alp, mayr, hyos, va, xwa, gyo, gla, gre, vyaa, lo, wa, yu'''
|-
| ...V(G)m[psx] || '''m&lt;u&gt;amp&lt;/u&gt;, y&lt;u&gt;omx&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ...V(G)n[kgsx] || '''y&lt;u&gt;ank&lt;/u&gt;, y&lt;u&gt;ons&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;anx&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;Eng&lt;/u&gt;lam, eynx'''
|}
:* Two non-glide/liquid consonants cannot appear together in the same syllable, except in foreign-imported words.
:* Two glides or liquids cannot come together in one syllable except in foreign-imported words.

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Stress|Nouns|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8xi4fzi56prn5k2ngtmzt4xci4mfxm3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088334</id>
      <parentid>4088333</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:31:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Phonotactics */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1328" xml:space="preserve">= Phonotactics =
: Phonotactics refers to the patterns in which the phonemes of a language may combine to form sequences.  The possible syllabic patterns of Mirad are given below in a chart.

: For the purposes of this chart:
::* G stands for the glides '''y''' or '''w'''.
::* L stands for the liquids '''r''' and '''l'''.
::* C stands for consonants other than glides or liquids.
::* V stands for single vowels.
::* + means 1 to 3 of the foregoing letter
::* Parentheses indicate that a letter is optional.
::* Bracketing indicates a choice of letters or patterns.

: Syllables in native Mirad are shaped according to the following pattern constraints:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Phonotactics
|-
! ALLOWABLE SYLLABIC PATTERNS !! EXAMPLES
|-
| (C)[LG]V+(G)(L)(C) || '''o, ay, xwa, gyo, gra, toyb, glays, alp, mayr, hyos, va, xwa, gyo, gla, gre, vyaa, lo, wa, yu'''
|-
| ...V(G)m[psx] || '''m&lt;u&gt;amp&lt;/u&gt;, y&lt;u&gt;omx&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ...V(G)n[kgsx] || '''y&lt;u&gt;ank&lt;/u&gt;, y&lt;u&gt;ons&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;anx&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;Eng&lt;/u&gt;lam, eynx'''
|}
:* Two non-glide/liquid consonants cannot appear together in the same syllable, except in foreign-imported words.
:* Two glides or liquids cannot come together in one syllable except in foreign-imported words.

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Stress|Nouns|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ccubc12niwtqaqkmti04od3ladj30uj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088390</id>
      <parentid>4088334</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T00:05:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1319" xml:space="preserve">= Phonotactics =
: Phonotactics refers to the patterns in which the phonemes of a language may combine to form sequences.  The possible syllabic patterns of Mirad are given below in a chart.

: For the purposes of this chart:
::* G stands for the glides '''y''' or '''w'''.
::* L stands for the liquids '''r''' and '''l'''.
::* C stands for consonants other than glides or liquids.
::* V stands for single vowels.
::* + means 1 to 3 of the foregoing letter
::* Parentheses indicate that a letter is optional.
::* Bracketing indicates a choice of letters or patterns.

: Syllables in native Mirad are shaped according to the following pattern constraints:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|+ Phonotactics
|-
! ALLOWABLE SYLLABIC PATTERNS !! EXAMPLES
|-
| (C)[LG]V+(G)(L)(C) || '''o, ay, xwa, gyo, gra, toyb, glays, alp, mayr, hyos, va, xwa, gyo, gla, gre, vyaa, lo, wa, yu'''
|-
| ...V(G)m[psx] || '''m&lt;u&gt;amp&lt;/u&gt;, y&lt;u&gt;omx&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ...V(G)n[kgsx] || '''y&lt;u&gt;ank&lt;/u&gt;, y&lt;u&gt;ons&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;anx&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;Eng&lt;/u&gt;lam, eynx'''
|}
:* Two non-glide/liquid consonants cannot appear together in the same syllable, except in foreign-imported words.
:* Two glides or liquids cannot come together in one syllable except in foreign-imported words.

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Stress|Nouns}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>g6omdprka2422vdpevc5gy26yboh1f3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Gravy Cakes (Hartshorne)</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>448092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088230</id>
      <parentid>4088039</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T14:42:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jamzze</username>
        <id>3329473</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1276" xml:space="preserve">{{recipesummary|Stuffing recipes|500ml|30 minutes|2}}{{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Stuffing|Stuffing]]

'''Gravy Cakes''' are meat-based cakes, great as sides to a roast dinner or other meat-based meal. 

This recipe is an interpreted method from the original recipe in Henry Hartshorne's the Household Cyclopedia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Household Cyclopedia|last=Hartshorne|first=Henry|author-link=|isbn=|publisher=|date=1881|location=|url=https://archive.org/details/Household_Cyclopedia/mode/2up|page=321}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ingredients ==

* 2 legs of beef
* 700ml water
* 3 onions
* Gravy spices 

== Procedure ==

# Chop 2 legs of beef in pieces, put them into a pot of water and slow cook it for 24 hours.
# Then add onions, herbs, and spices as for gravy.
# Continue stewing it till the meat is off the bones, and the gravy has started to develop.
# Then strain the mixture into a milk-pan, to which quantity it should be reduced.
# When cold, skim off the fat, put it into a saucepan, and add any other flavourings as wanted.
# Simmer it on a slow heat till reduced to about 12 saucers twothirds full, 
# Put them in an airy place till as dry as leather, put them in paper bags, and keep in a dry place.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Hartshorne}}

[[Category:Stuffing recipes]]</text>
      <sha1>0qjkffphgxwoxuwydo3mnb758q2yw51</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Malika Eshpulatova</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>448097</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088462</id>
      <parentid>4088136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T08:08:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malika Eshpulatova</username>
        <id>3397308</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8835" xml:space="preserve">= Emotional Intelligence =

== Definition ==
The capacity to recognize, use, and regulate your own emotions in order to reduce stress, communicate clearly, sympathize with others, overcome obstacles, and diffuse conflict is known as emotional intelligence (EQ). You can develop stronger relationships, perform well at work and school, and reach your professional and personal objectives with the aid of emotional intelligence. Additionally, it can assist you in establishing a connection with your emotions, putting your intentions into practice, and choosing what is most important to you. 

== Roots of Emotional Intelligence ==
The term &quot;emotional intelligence&quot; was first used in 1990 by Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer, who defined it as &quot;a form of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and action.&quot;

Additionally, Salovey and Mayer started a study to create reliable emotional intelligence tests and investigate its relevance. For instance, they discovered in one study that when a group of people saw a distressing movie, those who scored highly on emotional clarity—the capacity to recognize and categorize an experienced mood—recovered more quickly. In a different study, people who were better in accurately perceiving, comprehending, and appraising others' emotions were also better at adapting to changes in their social environments and creating supportive social networks.

Salovey and Mayer's work came to Daniel Goleman's attention in the 1990s, which ultimately inspired him to write his book Emotional Intelligence. Goleman specialized in writing on brain and behavior studies for the New York Times. He received his training in psychology at Harvard, where he also collaborated with David McClelland. McClelland was one of a rising number of scholars who were troubled by how little information was provided by conventional assessments of cognitive intelligence about what it takes to succeed in life.

Goleman claimed that emotional intelligence, not cognitive intelligence, was the key to commercial success. He identified four traits in emotionally intelligent individuals:

* They had an excellent grasp of their own feelings (self-awareness)
* They were adept at controlling their feelings (self-management)
* They had empathy for other people's emotional motivations (social awareness)
* They were adept at managing the feelings of others (social skills)

== Components as four key skills ==
Your capacity to comprehend and control your emotions is referred to as emotional intelligence. These qualities are connected to a variety of advantages, such as academic success, decision-making skills, and general success in life. According to some scientists, emotional intelligence, or EQ, may even be more significant than intelligence quotient.

=== Self-awareness ===
One of the most important traits of emotional intelligence is self-awareness, or the capacity to perceive and comprehend your own feelings. Being conscious of the impact of your actions, moods, and emotions on other people goes beyond simply being conscious of your own feelings. 

You must be able to keep track of your own emotions, recognize various emotional reactions, and then correctly name each individual feeling if you want to develop self-awareness. People who are self-aware understand the connections between their feelings and behaviors.

Additionally, these people are aware of their own advantages and disadvantages, are receptive to new ideas and experiences, and take lessons from their interactions with others. According to Goleman, those who are self-aware have a good sense of humor, self-assurance in their skills, and knowledge of how others view them.

=== Self-regulation ===
Emotional intelligence calls for you to be able to control and manage your emotions in addition to being conscious of your own feelings and how they affect others.

This merely entails waiting for the appropriate situation and moment to express your emotions rather than putting your emotions on lockdown and keeping your genuine feelings hidden. The key to self-regulation is knowing how to articulate your feelings.

Self-regulation experts typically have a flexible personality and do well with change. Additionally, they excel in handling disputes and calming tense or challenging circumstances.

Strong self-control abilities are often accompanied by high conscientiousness. They take accountability for their own acts and are sensitive of how their influence may affect others.

=== Social skill ===
Another crucial component of emotional intelligence is interpersonal competence.4 People who are socially adept are better able to form lasting friendships and have a deeper comprehension of both the self and others.

Understanding emotions on a deeper level than only your own and others' is necessary for emotional intelligence. Additionally, you must be able to use this knowledge in your regular interactions and conversations.

Building ties and relationships with employees helps managers in professional contexts. Being able to establish a great rapport with managers and fellow employees benefits employees. Active listening, verbal and nonverbal communication abilities, leadership, and persuasiveness are all crucial social skills.

=== Empathy ===
Understanding other people's emotions, or having empathy, is essential to having emotional intelligence. But it entails more than simply being able to identify other people's emotional states.

It also entails how you react to other individuals in light of this knowledge. How do you react when you notice someone is depressed or hopeless? You may show them more consideration and kindness, or you could try to lift their spirits.

Being sympathetic also enables you to comprehend the power dynamics that frequently affect interpersonal interactions, particularly at work. This is crucial for directing how you engage with the various people you see every day.

People who are skilled in this can tell who is in control in various partnerships. Additionally, they comprehend how these factors affect attitudes and actions. They can therefore appropriately assess a variety of scenarios that depend on such power dynamics.

=== Motivation ===
Another critical trait of emotional intelligence is intrinsic motivation. Emotionally intelligent people are driven by factors other than material rewards like fame, money, recognition, and acclaim. 5

Instead, they are passionate about achieving their own internal demands and objectives. They crave peak experiences, look for internal rewards, and feel flow when they are completely immersed in an activity.

Competent people in this field are frequently action-oriented. They create objectives, have a strong drive for success, and are constantly seeking for ways to improve. Additionally, they frequently exhibit high levels of commitment and initiative.

== Why Emotional Intelligence is important ==
Humans are social beings; we desire connection. Our lives may be more enriched if we can create more wholesome connections and cooperative interactions.

Unsurprisingly, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572191/ studies] have revealed a link between happiness and greater EQ.

However, EQ can still support us in those times as well.

According to study, adolescents who exhibit strong emotional intelligence, particularly in the areas of emotional control and empathy, may be less likely to encounter bullying in a classroom context.

Work is another illustration. According to research from 2013, having a strong EQ can help you accomplish the objectives of your company and boost your job happiness, in part because it fosters great interactions at work.

Strong emotional intelligence abilities can improve a person's life in a variety of ways. People with these talents always seem to maintain their composure. Even the most uncomfortable social situations can be handled by them with grace. And they consistently seem to put other people at ease.

=== Main advantages of EI ===
Among the main advantages of having strong emotional intelligence abilities are improved:

* Leadership: You can be a more effective leader by having emotional intelligence. 
* Communication: You can communicate more effectively with others if you are aware of their feelings.
* Knowledge of oneself: Gaining a deeper understanding of oneself requires being more conscious of one's feelings.
* Self-control: You can improve your capacity for self-control by becoming conscious of your emotions.
* Stress management: You can exert more control in situations characterized by stress or conflict if you can properly regulate your emotions. 

== How to increase Emotional Intelligence  ==</text>
      <sha1>o3yl4au4la37mth7t809j9s8h79nvi1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/Developer/Scalos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088296</id>
      <parentid>4088181</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:57:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228653" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


*scalos.library - This library is used as application interface for the Scalos Workbench replacement
*scalosgfx.library - This documentation gives you information about scalosgfx.library
*scalos API - This documentation gives you information on how to communicate with Scalos and its windowtasks

*Scalos devicelist - This class is used to generate a list of all currently available devices
*Scalos devicewindow - This class implements the main Workbench (= root) window, which shows the icons for the mounted devices and volumes
*Scalos filetrans - This class is used to display a progress window showing the user what is currently going on while copying or moving files/directories
*Scalos root - This class is used for some fundamental message and event handling

*Scalos window - This class implements all common window functionality used for icon windows, text windows and device windows
*Scalos iconwindow - This class implements the functionality for the common Workbench icon windows
*Scalos textwindow - This class implements the text-only Scalos windows
*Scalos title - This class implements the screen title and window title functionality

*preferences.library - This library provides a convenient way to store the preferences for your program
*iconobject.library - This library is an interface to the iconobject.datatype
*iconobject.datatype - The iconobject.datatype has a special API to work with icons. makes both images, tooltypes and many more 


===Scalos===


    --background
    SCA_AddBob
    SCA_AllocMessage
    SCA_AllocNode
    SCA_AllocStdNode
    SCA_CountWBArgs
    SCA_DisposeScalosObject
    SCA_DrawDrag
    SCA_EndDrag
    SCA_FreeAllNodes
    SCA_FreeMessage
    SCA_FreeNode
    SCA_FreeScalosClass
    SCA_FreeWBArgs
    SCA_GetDefIconObject
    SCA_InitDrag
    SCA_LockDrag
    SCA_LockWindowList
    SCA_MakeScalosClass
    SCA_MakeWBArgs
    SCA_MoveNode
    SCA_NewAddAppIcon
    SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem
    SCA_NewAddAppWindow
    SCA_NewScalosObject
    SCA_OpenDrawerByName
    SCA_OpenIconWindow
    SCA_RemoveAppObject
    SCA_ScalosControlA
    SCA_ScreenTitleMsg
    SCA_SortNodes
    SCA_SwapNodes
    SCA_UnlockDrag
    SCA_UnLockWindowList
    SCA_UpdateIcon
    SCA_WBStart


        NAME

            --background

            DESCRIPTION
            This library is used as application interface for the Scalos
            workbenchreplacement. It's only available if Scalos is running.
            This means if the library-open fails Scalos isn't running.

            For information about NodeList see SCA_SortNodes() and Node see
            SCA_AllocStdNode().


        NAME

            SCA_WBStart

        SYNOPSIS

        	succ SCA_WBStart (ArgArray, Taglist, NumArgs )
        	                   A0         A1       D0

        	BOOL SCA_WBStart ( struct WBArg *ArgArray , 
        		const struct TagItem *Taglist, ULONG NumArgs );

        	BOOL SCA_WBStartTags( struct WBArg *ArgArray , ULONG NumArgs, 
        		ULONG FirstTag, ... );

         
        FUNCTION
            The first argument is used as filename for the to started program.
            The Locks inside the ArgArray are automatically unlocked (use DupLock)
            and the strings are copied.
            The first element in ArgArray must contain the directory lock and
            name of the icon to start.

        INPUTS
            ArgArray - Standard Workbench Args
            NumArgs - Number of Args in the ArgArray. This must be at least
            one.
            Taglist - Pointer to a taglist.

        TAGS
            SCA_IconObject (Object *) - iconobject.library - IconObject to get
            information from it. No icon will be loaded.

            SCA_Priority (LONG) - priority for the newly started process

            SCA_Stacksize (ULONG) - stack size if no icon is available

            SCA_WaitTimeout (ULONG) - wait timeout in seconds

            SCA_Flags (ULONG) - Flags
            SCAF_WBStart_NoIcon - don't read an icon.
            SCAF_WBStart_Wait - wait until the program returns
            SCAF_WBStart_PathSearch - search through paths
            SCAF_WBStart_NoIconCheck - don't check icon type

        RESULT
            succ - FALSE if the start fails. It only fails if not enough
            memory available or the WBL task couldn't be started.
            If the program couldn't be loaded it will return TRUE, because
            of it doesn't wait for the returncode of WBL task.

        NOTE
            Locks will *NOT* be unlocked if this function fails!

        SEE ALSO
            diskobject.library


        NAME

            SCA_SortNodes

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_SortNodes (NodeList, CompareFunc, SortType)
        	                 A0          A1          D0

        	void SCA_SortNodes ( struct ScalosNodeList *, struct Hook *, 
        		ULONG SortType);

         
        FUNCTION
            Sorts a list of MinNodes and uses the CompareFunc to find differences
            between to nodes. NodeList is a pointer to a APTR which points to the
            first node. The first node has as mln_succ a NULL and the last node
            has as mln_pred a NULL. Only mln_succ, mln_pred and the address of the
            of the first will changed. Nothing will be reallocated or freed.

            The CompareFunc will be called with a pointer to one node in A1 (Node0)
            and a pointer to second node in A2 (Node1). You have to return a
            specific value in D0:
            0 if Node0 = Node1
            1 if Node0 &lt; Node1
            -1 if Node0 &gt; Node1

        INPUTS
            NodeList - Pointer to an APTR which is a pointer to the first node
            CompareFunc - Pointer to a Hook structure for the compare function
            SortType -
            SCA_SortType_Bubble : enhanced BubbleSort
            SCA_SortType_Selection : SelectionSort
            SCA_SortType_Insertion : InsertionSort
            SCA_SortType_Quick : QuickSort
            SCA_SortType_Best : The nodes will be counted and then
            the best SortType will be used.
        SEE ALSO
            SCA_AllocNode(), SCA_AllocStdNode(), SCA_FreeNode(),
            SCA_FreeAllNodes(), SCA_MoveNode(), SCA_SwapNodes()


        NAME

            SCA_NewAddAppIcon
            SCA_NewAddAppIconTags

        SYNOPSIS

        	AppObject = SCA_NewAddAppIcon (ID, UserData, IconObject, MessagePort, 
        	   D0                          D0     D1         A0          A1 
        		Taglist)
        	          A2

        	struct AppObject *SCA_NewAddAppIcon( ULONG ID, ULONG UserData, 
        		struct IconObject *, struct MsgPort *, 
        		const struct TagItem *Taglist);

        	struct AppObject *SCA_NewAddAppIconTags( ULONG ID, ULONG UserData, 
        		struct IconObject *, struct MsgPort *, 
        		ULONG FirstTag, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Adds an icon to the mainwindow of the Scalos-screen. See
            workbench.library/AddAppIconA() for more information.

        INPUTS
            ID, UserData - will be passed through the AppMessage
            IconObject - diskobject.library - IconObject, IDTM_Layout should not
            to be done.
            MessagePort - a MsgPort where you will receive the AppMessage
            Taglist - pointer to a taglist.

        TAGS
            Currently no tags are defined. With wb39.plugin, however, most of the
            V44 workbench tags are supported.

        RESULT
            AppObject - a private structure to be pass to SCA_RemoveAppObject()
            or NULL after failure

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_NewAddAppWindow(), SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem(), SCA_RemoveAppObject()
            workbench.library/AddAppIconA()


        NAME

            SCA_NewAddAppWindow
            SCA_NewAddAppWindowTags

        SYNOPSIS

        	AppObject = SCA_NewAddAppWindow (ID, UserData, Window, MessagePort, 
        	   D0                            D0     D1       A0        A1
        		Taglist)
        	          A2

        	struct AppObject *SCA_NewAddAppWindow( ULONG ID, ULONG UserData, 
        		struct Window *, struct MsgPort *, 
        		const struct TagItem *Taglist);

        	struct AppObject *SCA_NewAddAppWindowTags( ULONG ID, ULONG UserData, 
        		struct Window *, struct MsgPort *, ULONG FirstTag, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Same as workbench.library/AddAppWindowA(). See there for further
            information.

        INPUTS
            ID, UserData - will be passed through the AppMessage
            Window - Intuition Window
            MessagePort - a MsgPort where you will receive the AppMessage
            Taglist - pointer to a taglist.

        TAGS
            Currently no tags are defined.

        RESULT
            AppObject - a private structure to be pass to SCA_RemoveAppObject
            or NULL on failure

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_NewAddAppIcon(), SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem(), SCA_RemoveAppObject()
            workbench.library/AddAppWindowA()


        NAME

            SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem
            SCA_NewAddAppMenuItemTags

        SYNOPSIS

        	AppObject = SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem (ID, UserData, Text, MessagePort, 
        	   D0                              D0     D1      A0       A1
        		Taglist)
        	          A2

        	struct AppObject *SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem ( ULONG ID, ULONG UserData, 
        		CONST_STRPTR Text, struct MsgPort *, 
        		const struct TagItem *Taglist);

        	struct AppObject *SCA_NewAddAppMenuItemTags( ULONG ID, 
        		ULONG UserData, CONST_STRPTR Text, struct MsgPort *, 
        		ULONG FirstTag, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Same as workbench.library/AddAppMenuItemA(). See there for further
            information.

        INPUTS
            ID, UserData - will be passed through the AppMessage
            Text - a pointer to the menutext. Starting with V40, any menu
            text consisting entirely of '-', '_' or '~' characters will
            result in a separator bar to be added.
            MessagePort - a MsgPort where you will receive the AppMessage
            Taglist - pointer to a taglist.

        TAGS
            WBAPPMENUA_CommandKeyString (STRPTR) -- Command key to assign to
            this AppMenu. This must be a NUL-terminated string. If the
            string is empty, it will be ignored. Also, if the command key
            is already in use by a different menu item it will be ignored,
            too. In any case, only the first character of the string will
            be used (V40).

            This tag defaults to NULL.

            WBAPPMENUA_GetKey (ULONG *) -- To add menus with sub menu items,
            you need to add a menu item first which the sub items will
            be added to later. In order to do this, add the item the sub items
            should be attached to and use the WBAPPMENUA_GetKey tag to
            obtain a key value. This key value is to be used later with the
            WBAPPMENUA_UseKey tag (V40.20).

            This feature was introduced in Scalos 40.20, it
            does not work in any of the older Scalos releases.

            This tag defaults to NULL.

            WBAPPMENUA_GetTitleKey (ULONG *) -- To add new entries to the Scalos
            menu strip you first need to create a new title to which the new
            menu items can be attached later. To do this, first create a new
            menu entry and use the WBAPPMENUA_GetTitleKey tag to obtain a key
            value. This key value is to be used later with the
            WBAPPMENUA_UseKey tag (V40.20).

            This tag defaults to NULL.

            WBAPPMENUA_UseKey (ULONG) -- When adding a menu item with the
            WBAPPMENUA_UseKey tag, using a key value obtained by a previous
            invocation of AddAppMenuItemA(), the new menu item will be
            added as a sub item (V40.20).

            If the key you provide was obtained via the WBAPPMENUA_GetTitleKey
            tag, then the item you add will be attached to the respective
            menu entry (V40.20).

            This tag defaults to NULL.

        RESULT
            AppObject - a private structure to be pass to SCA_RemoveAppObject or
            NULL on failure

            Starting with V40, NULL will be returned if you attempt to
            add an AppMenu item to a menu which already contains 63
            menu items. Only a maximum of 15 sub items can be added
            to a menu item.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_NewAddAppIcon(), SCA_NewAddAppWindow(), SCA_RemoveAppObject()
            workbench.library/AddAppMenuItemA()


        NAME

            SCA_RemoveAppObject

        SYNOPSIS

        	succ = SCA_RemoveAppObject (AppObject)
        	 D0                        A0

        	BOOL SCA_RemoveAppObject (struct AppObject *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Removes an AppObject from Scalos. This could be an Icon, a Window or
            a MenuItem.

        INPUTS
            AppObject - result from SCA_NewAddAppIcon(), SCA_NewAddAppWindow()
            or SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem()

        RESULT
            succ - currently it always returns TRUE

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_NewAddAppIcon(), SCA_NewAddAppWindow(), SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem()


        NAME

            SCA_AllocStdNode

        SYNOPSIS

        	Node = SCA_AllocStdNode (NodeList, NodeType)
        	 D0                        A0        D0

        	struct MinNode *SCA_AllocStdNode (struct ScalosNodeList *, 
        		ULONG NodeType);

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates a standard Scalos-node. It's the only compatible why to
            allocate one of the standard nodes. NEVER allocate a node yourself and
            pass it to Scalos! The scalos.library will use a memorypool for all
            nodes to decrease the memoryfragmentation. The new node will be the
            last in your NodeList and it is cleared public memory. Don't change
            mln_succ and mln_pred yourself, use the node function instead.
            See SCA_SortNodes() for information about the NodeList.

        INPUTS
            NodeList - Pointer to an APTR which is a pointer to the first node
            NodeType - see scalos.(h|i)

        RESULT
            Node - Node at the end or the NodeList or NULL on failure.

        NOTE
            Node *MUST* be freed with SCA_FreeNode() or SCA_FreeAllNodes()
            This function preserves all registers except D0.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_AllocNode(), SCA_FreeNode(), SCA_FreeAllNodes(),
            SCA_MoveNode(), SCA_SortNodes(), SCA_SwapNodes()


        NAME

            SCA_AllocNode

        SYNOPSIS

        	Node = SCA_AllocNode (NodeList, Size)
        	 D0                      A0      D0

        	struct MinNode *SCA_AllocNode (struct ScalosNodeList *, ULONG Size);

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates a node and inserts it at the end of the NodeList. Use this
            function only for your own node-handling. Never allocate a standard
            Scalos-node, use SCA_AllocStdNode() instead. Size is the number of
            bytes that allocated after the the MinNode. This means the memsize
            of node is size+MLN_SIZE.
            See SCA_AllocStdNode() for further information.

        INPUTS
            NodeList - Pointer to an APTR which is a pointer to the first node
            Size - bytes after MLN_SIZE

        RESULT
            Node - Node at the end or the NodeList or NULL on failure.

        NOTE
            Node *MUST* be freed with SCA_FreeNode() or SCA_FreeAllNodes() !
            This function preserves all registers except D0.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_AllocStdNode(), SCA_FreeNode(), SCA_FreeAllNodes(),
            SCA_MoveNode(), SCA_SortNodes(), SCA_SwapNodes()


        NAME

            SCA_FreeNode

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_FreeNode (NodeList, Node)
        	                 A0      A1

        	void SCA_FreeNode (struct ScalosNodeList *, struct MinNode *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Removes the Node out of the NodeList and Frees a node allocated with
            SCA_AllocStdNode() or SCA_AllocNode().

        INPUTS
            NodeList - pointer to an APTR which is a pointer to the first node
            Node - node to remove and free

        NOTE
            Node *MUST* be part of NodeList!
            This function preserves all registers.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_AllocStdNode(), SCA_AllocNode(), SCA_FreeAllNodes(),
            SCA_MoveNode(), SCA_SortNodes(), SCA_SwapNodes()


        NAME

            SCA_FreeAllNodes

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_FreeAllNodes (NodeList)
        	                    A0

        	void SCA_FreeAllNodes (struct ScalosNodeList *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Will free the whole list of nodes.

        INPUTS
            NodeList - pointer to an APTR which is a pointer to the first node

        NOTE
            This function preserves all registers.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_AllocStdNode(), SCA_AllocNode(), SCA_FreeNode(),
            SCA_MoveNode(), SCA_SortNodes(), SCA_SwapNodes()


        NAME

            SCA_MoveNode

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_MoveNode (SrcNodeList, DestNodeList, Node)
        	                  A0            A1        D0

        	void SCA_MoveNode (struct ScalosNodeList *, struct ScalosNodeList *, 
        		struct MinNode *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Will remove the Node from SrcNodeList and will insert the Node at
            the end of DestNodeList.

        INPUTS
            SrcNodeList - pointer to an APTR which is a pointer to the first node
            DestNodeList - pointer to an APTR which is a pointer to the first node
            Node - MinNode

        NOTE
            This function preserves all registers.
            WARNING: Node *MUST* be member of SrcNodeList or very nasty
            things will happen !!

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_AllocStdNode(), SCA_AllocNode(), SCA_FreeNode(),
            SCA_FreeAllNodes(), SCA_SortNodes(), SCA_SwapNodes()


        NAME

            SCA_SwapNodes

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_SwapNodes ( SrcNode, DestNode, NodeList)
        	                  A0        A1        A2

        	void SCA_SwapNodes (struct MinNode *, struct MinNode *, 
        		struct ScalosNodeList *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Swaps the positions of SrcNode and DestNode inside the NodeList.

        INPUTS
            SrcNode - MinNode
            DestNode - MinNode
            NodeList - pointer to an APTR which is a pointer to the first node

        NOTE
            SrcNode and DestNode *MUST* be part of NodeList!

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_AllocStdNode(), SCA_AllocNode(), SCA_FreeNode(),
            SCA_FreeAllNodes(), SCA_MoveNode(), SCA_SortNodes()


        NAME

            SCA_OpenIconWindow
            SCA_OpenIconWindowTags

        SYNOPSIS

        	succ SCA_OpenIconWindow ( TagList )
        	 D0                         A0

        	BOOL SCA_OpenIconWindow ( const struct TagItem *TagList );

        	BOOL SCA_OpenIconWindowTags(ULONG, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            opens a windowtask filled with icons. All information will be given
            as tags, see below.

        INPUTS
            TagList - pointer to a taglist.

        TAGS
            SCA_IconNode (struct ScaIconNode *) - fullfilled ScaIconNode

            SCA_IconObject (Object *) - iconobject.library - iconobject

            SCA_Path (CONST_STRPTR) - the path to open

            SCA_MessagePort (struct MsgPort *) - Message port for reply
            to startup message of new icon window process, or NULL.

            SCA_WindowTitle (CONST_STRPTR) - windowtitle parsestring
            ( take a look at the prefsprogram for info)

            SCA_WindowRect (struct IBox *) - rectangle with window
            dimensions (see diskobject.library).

            SCA_XOffset,SCA_YOffset (LONG) - virtual position

            SCA_PatternNumber (ULONG) - background pattern number which is
            configured in &quot;Scalos Pattern&quot; prefs

            SCA_ShowAllFiles (ULONG) - TRUE or FALSE
            deprecated, use SCA_ShowAllMode instead!

            SCA_ShowAllMode (ULONG) - DDFLAGS_SHOWDEFAULT,
            DDFLAGS_SHOWICONS, or DDFLAGS_SHOWALL.

            SCA_ViewModes (ULONG) - view modes for the window
            SCAV_ViewModes_Icon
            SCAV_ViewModes_Name
            SCAV_ViewModes_Size
            SCAV_ViewModes_Date
            SCAV_ViewModes_Time
            SCAV_ViewModes_Comment
            SCAV_ViewModes_Protection
            SCAV_ViewModes_Owner
            SCAV_ViewModes_Group

            SCA_Flags (ULONG) - none available yet

            SCA_Iconify (ULONG) - TRUE or FALSE for open iconified

            SCA_NoActivateWindow (ULONG) - TRUE or FALSE. The new window
            will not be activated if this tag is set to TRUE.
            Defaults to FALSE.

            SCA_WindowStruct (struct ScaWindowStruct **) - The pointer to the
            ScaWindowStruct of the new generated Scalos window will be
            returned. If the new Scalos window couldn't be opened, NULL
            is returned.

            SCA_BrowserMode (ULONG) - TRUE or FALSE. The window will be
            opened in browser mode if set to TRUE.

            SCA_NoStatusBar (ULONG) - TRUE or FALSE. The status bar will not
            be present in the new window if set to TRUE, overriding the
            global setting for status bar.

            SCA_CheckOverlappingIcons (ULONG) - TRUE or FALSE. Defines whether
            icon windows check for overlapping icons. If enabled, an icon
            overlapping any other is repositioned on directory scan.
            Default value is TRUE for MorphOS, FALSE for all other platforms.

            SCA_TransparencyActive (ULONG) - degree of opacity in active
            window state, 0=transparent, 100=opaque.
            Semi-transparent windows are not supported on all platforms.

            SCA_TransparencyInactive (ULONG) - degree of opacity in inactive
            window state, 0=transparent, 100=opaque
            Semi-transparent windows are not supported on all platforms.

        RESULT
            succ - Success

        NOTE
            One of SCA_IconNode, SCA_IconObject or SCA_Path must be given!

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCA_LockDrag

        SYNOPSIS

        	 SCA_LockDrag ( draghandle )
        	   		   D0

        	void SCA_LockDrag ( APTR draghandle );

         
        FUNCTION
            Locks the screen layer info that is connected to the draghandle.
            Main purpose is to temporarily unlock and lock again the screen
            layers during a dragging operiation, in order to allow some drawing to happen.

        INPUTS
            draghandle - That drag handle that is to be locked.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_UnLockDrag(), SCA_InitDrag(), SCA_EndDrag(), SCA_DrawDrag()


        NAME

            SCA_LockWindowList

        SYNOPSIS

        	Windowlist SCA_LockWindowList ( accessmode )
        	 D0                                D0

        	struct ScaWindowList *SCA_LockWindowList ( LONG accessmode );

         
        FUNCTION
            Locks the windowlist and returns. This function is a main interface of
            the Scalos-API. The messageport should be used to comunicate with a
            windowtask. No window can be closed while the windowlist is locked.
            For more information take a look at the ScalosAPI documentation.

        INPUTS
            accessmode -
            SCA_LockWindowList_Shared - locks the window list for a read-
            only access. Shared access is sufficient if
            you just want to traverse the window list,
            and make sure nobody modifies the
            list inbetween.
            SCA_LockWindowList_Exclusiv - locks the window list
            exclusively for read-write accesss. Exclusive
            mode is required if windows are to be created
            or removed.
            SCA_LockWindowList_AttemptShared - tries to acquire a shared
            lock on the window list for read-only access.
            NULL is returned if the list cannot be locked,
            e.g. because someone else holds an exclusive
            lock on the list.
            SCA_LockWindowList_AttemptExclusive - try to acquire an
            exclusive lock on the window list.
            NULL is returned if the list cannot be locked,
            e.g. because someone else holds a lock on
            the list.

        RESULT
            windowlist - a struct ScaWindowList * - With the
            SCA_LockWindowList_Attempt*** values, it is
            possible that NULL is returned if the window
            list cannot be locked.

        NOTE
            Normally you should not use the SCA_LockWindowList_Exclusiv. If you
            lock the windowlist exclusiv you should NEVER use intuition calls!

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_UnLockWindowList()


        NAME

            SCA_UnLockWindowList

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_UnLockWindowList ()

        	void SCA_UnLockWindowList ( void );

         
        FUNCTION
            Unlocks a with SCA_LockWindowList() locked windowlist.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_LockWindowList()


        NAME

            SCA_AllocMessage

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosMessage SCA_AllocMessage( messagetype, additional_size)
        	   D0                               D0            D1

        	struct ScalosMessage *SCA_AllocMessage ( ULONG messagetype, 
        		UWORD additional_size );

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates a message which could be sent to Scalos. It's the only
            future-compatible way to do this. The scalos message signature and the
            the message type will be set and the returned memory is cleared.

        INPUTS
            messagetype - see ScalosAPI.doc
            additional_size - number of bytes that will be added to the size of
            the message. Normally this should be 0.

        RESULT
            ScalosMessage - a full-filled ScalosMessage of the selected type or NULL

        NOTE
            Never try to free a message yourself, it will cause a memory trashing!
            Scalos uses fast memorypool functions for its messages.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_FreeMessage()


        NAME

            SCA_FreeMessage

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_FreeMessage( message )
        	                   A1

        	void SCA_FreeMessage ( struct ScalosMessage *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Frees a with SCA_AllocMessage() allocated message.

        INPUTS
            message - struct ScalosMessage (returned from SCA_AllocMessage())

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_AllocMessage()


        NAME

            SCA_InitDrag

        SYNOPSIS

        	DragHandle SCA_InitDrag( Screen )
        	    D0                     A0

        	struct DragHandle *SCA_InitDrag ( struct Screen *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Inits special bobroutines. This routines are easy to use and
            support 24bit bobs.

        INPUTS
            Screen - the screen to use for the bobs or NULL for the default
            Scalos screen

        RESULT
            DragHandle - a private structure to pass it to the other Drag functions
            or NULL on failure.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_DrawDrag(), SCA_EndDrag(), SCA_LockDrag(), SCA_UnlockDrag()


        NAME

            SCA_EndDrag

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_EndDrag( DragHandle )
        	                 A0

        	void SCA_EndDrag ( struct DragHandle *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Removes all bobs from screen and frees it, if nessesary it unlocks
            the layers.

        INPUTS
            DragHandle - result from SCA_InitDrag()

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_DrawDrag(), SCA_InitDrag(), SCA_LockDrag(), SCA_UnlockDrag()


        NAME

            SCA_AddBob

        SYNOPSIS

        	succ SCA_AddBob( DragHandle, Bitmap, Mask, Width, Height, 
        	 D0                  A0        A1     A2     D0     D1
        		XOffset, YOffset )
        	           D2       D3

        	BOOL SCA_AddBob ( struct DragHandle *, struct BitMap *, APTR Mask, 
        		ULONG Width, ULONG Height, LONG XOffset, LONG YOffset );

         
        FUNCTION
            Addes a bitmap to the Boblist. Bitmap and Mask will be copied, it can
            be freed after calling this function. Mask is a planar bitplane the
            width divided by 8 and height. It must be in Chipram. X and Y offsets
            are the offset from movepoint give in SCA_DrawDrag(). Normaly it's
            the relative position to the mouse pointer.

        INPUTS
            DragHandle - result from SCA_InitDrag()
            Bitmap - a standard bitmap structure, any depth allowed
            Mask - width/8 * height mask for the bitmap
            Width - width in pixels
            Height - height in pixels
            XOffset - relative x-position to the move point
            YOffset - relative y-position to the move point

        RESULT
            succ - TRUE if anything went well, FALSE if some problem occured

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCA_DrawDrag

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_DrawDrag( DragHandle, X, Y, Flags )
        	                  A0      D0 D1   D2

        	void SCA_DrawDrag ( struct DragHandle *, LONG X, LONG Y, ULONG Flags );

         
        FUNCTION
            Blits the bobs to the selected screen relative to the given position.

        INPUTS
            DragHandle - result from SCA_InitDrag()
            X - movepoint x direction
            Y - movepoint y direction
            Flags -
            SCAF_Drag_Transparent - draw all bobs transparent,
            normally it's a raster (&quot;ghosted&quot;)
            SCAF_Drag_IndicateCopy - draw all bobs plus
            &quot;copy&quot; indicator
            SCAF_Drag_NoDropHere - draw all bobs plus
            &quot;no drop&quot; indicator
            SCAF_Drag_Hide - hide bobs
            SCAF_Drag_IndicateMakeLink - draw all bobs plus &quot;make link&quot;
            indicator
            SCAF_Drag_NoDrawDrag - (internal use only)

        NOTE
            Transparent drawing only works with CyberGfx installed and a
            workbench screen of more than 256 colors (depth &gt; 8).

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_InitDrag(), SCA_EndDrag(), SCA_LockDrag(), SCA_UnlockDrag()


        NAME

            SCA_UpdateIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_UpdateIcon( WindowType, SCA_UpdateIcon, UpdateIcon_Size )
        	                   D0           A0             D1

        	void SCA_UpdateIcon ( UBYTE WindowType, struct ScaUpdateIcon_IW *,
        		 ULONG ui_SIZE );

         
        FUNCTION
            Refreshes an icon specified in SCA_UpdateIcon structure. The icon
            will be loaded, removed or reloaded. The SCA_UpdateIcon struct
            depends on the windowtype.

        INPUTS
            WindowType - windowtype which should be updated
            SCA_UpdateIcon - special information, depents on WindowType
            UpdateIcon_Size - size of the SCA_UpdateIcon structure in bytes

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCA_MakeWBArgs

        SYNOPSIS

        	number = SCA_MakeWBArgs( Buffer, Iconnode, ArgsSize )
        	                           A0       A1        D0

        	ULONG SCA_MakeWBArgs ( struct WBArg *Buffer, 
        		struct ScaIconNode *Iconnode, ULONG ArgsSize);

         
        FUNCTION
            Generates a WBArgs Array from all selected icons except the
            given Iconode.
            It is recommended to determine the required buffer size
            with SCA_CountWBArgs().

        INPUTS
            Buffer - Array of WBArg structures to save the Lock and
            Name pointers
            Iconnode - an iconnode to exclude or NULL
            ArgsSize - Number of WBArg's the buffer has room for

        RESULT
            number - number of args generated

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_FreeWBArgs() SCA_CountWBArgs()


        NAME

            SCA_FreeWBArgs

        SYNOPSIS

        	number = SCA_FreeWBArgs( Buffer, Number, Flags )
        	                           A0      D0     D1

        	void SCA_FreeWBArgs ( struct WBArg *Buffer, ULONG Number, 
        		ULONG Flags);

         
        FUNCTION
            Frees a WBArg array generated with SCA_MakeWBArgs.

        INPUTS
            Buffer - Array with WBArg structures
            Number - Number of WBArg's to free
            Flags -
            SCAB_FreeLocks - free the Locks
            SCAB_FreeName - free the namefields

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_MakeWBArgs(); SCA_CountWBArgs();


        NAME

            SCA_CountWBArgs

        SYNOPSIS

        	number = SCA_CountWBArgs( Iconnode )
        				    A0

        	ULONG SCA_CountWBArgs( struct ScaIconNode *Iconnode );

         
        FUNCTION
            Determines required size for WBArgs Array from all
            selected icons except the given Iconode.
            The returned count can be used to allocate a WBArg
            array for SCA_MakeWBArgs().

        INPUTS
            Iconnode - an iconnode to exclude or NULL

        RESULT
            number - number of args that will be generated
            by SCA_MakeWBArgs().

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_FreeWBArgs() SCA_MakeWBArgs()


        NAME

            SCA_ScreenTitleMsg

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_ScreenTitleMsg( Format, Args )
        	                      A0     A1

        	void SCA_ScreenTitleMsg ( CONST_STRPTR Format, APTR Args);

        	void SCA_ScreenTitleMsgArgs( CONST_STRPTR Format, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Show a message on ScreenTitle of all Scalos windows.

        INPUTS
            Format - FormatString. All RawDoFmt() args are allowed.
            special values :
            NULL to recover the standard title.
            ~0 to recover the last non-standard title (message).
            Args - the arguments for the formatstring

        SEE ALSO
            exec.library/RawDoFmt


        NAME

            SCA_MakeScalosClass

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosClass ( ClassName, SuperClassName, InstSize, DispFunc )
        	     D0           A0            A1          D0        A2

        	struct ScalosClass *SCA_MakeScalosClass ( CONST_STRPTR ClassName, 
        		CONST_STRPTR SuperClassName, UWORD InstSize, APTR DispFunc);

         
        FUNCTION
            Addes a new BOOPSI Class to the internal classlist. ClassName may be
            a new name or a classname that's already available. In this case the
            class will replace or enhance a known class.

        INPUTS
            ClassName - name of the new class or NULL for a private class
            SuperClassName - name of the super class for the new class
            InstSize - size of the instance variables
            DispFunc - pointer to your Dispatcher function

        RESULT
            ScalosClass - a ScalosClass structure or NULL if it fails

        NOTE
            If you like a add a subclass to your private class then use the
            intuition class functions.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_FreeScalosClass(), intuition.library/MakeClass


        NAME

            SCA_FreeScalosClass

        SYNOPSIS

        	scc SCA_FreeScalosClass( ScalosClass )
        	D0                          A0

        	BOOL SCA_FreeScalosClass ( struct ScalosClass *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Removes a ScalosClass from the internal classlist.

        INPUTS
            ScalosClass - return value from SCA_MakeScalosClass()

        RESULT
            succ - FALSE if the class couldn't be removed, else TRUE

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_MakeScalosClass(), FreeClass()


        NAME

            SCA_NewScalosObject
            SCA_NewScalosObjectTags

        SYNOPSIS

        	Object SCA_NewScalosObject( ClassName, TagList )
        	  D0                            A0       A1

        	Object *SCA_NewScalosObject ( CONST_STRPTR ClassName, 
        		const struct TagItem *TagList);

        	Object *SCA_NewScalosObjectTags( CONST_STRPTR ClassName, 
        		ULONG FirstTag, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates and inits a new BOOPSI Object.

        INPUTS
            ClassName - Scalos Classname
            TagList - taglist (depends on the class)

        RESULT
            Object - new BOOPSI Object or NULL

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_DisposeScalosObject(), NewObject()


        NAME

            SCA_DisposeScalosObject

        SYNOPSIS

        	SCA_DisposeScalosObject( Object )
        	                           A0

        	void SCA_DisposeScalosObject (Object *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Disposes a object created with SCA_NewScalosObject().

        INPUTS
            Object - BOOPSI Object

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_NewScalosObject(), DisposeObject()


        NAME

            SCA_ScalosControlA -- Query or modify Scalos options (V40)
            SCA_ScalosControl

        SYNOPSIS

        	ULONG SCA_ScalosControlA( Name, TagList )
        	  D0                        A0     A1

        	ULONG SCA_ScalosControlA( CONST_STRPTR Name, 
        		const struct TagItem *TagList);

        	ULONG SCA_ScalosControl( CONST_STRPTR Name, ULONG FirstTag, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            With this function you can query or modify global Scalos parameters.

        INPUTS
            name -- Name of an object to query or modify.

            tags -- Additional options.

        TAGS
            SCALOSCTRLA_GetDefaultStackSize (ULONG *) -- Get the default stack
            size used by Scalos when launching Shell programs
            or programs without a valid stack size number.

            The default stack size is 8192 bytes.

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetDefaultStackSize (ULONG) -- Set the default stack
            size used by Scalos when launching Shell programs
            or programs without a valid stack size number. You cannot
            set a stack size number smaller than 8192 bytes.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetProgramList (struct List **) -- You can obtain a list
            of currently running Workbench programs; every entry of this
            list will have the complete path to the program and the
            program name in its Node-&gt;ln_Name. When you no longer need
            the list, don't forget to free it again using the tag
            WBCTRLA_FreeProgramList.

            SCALOSCTRLA_FreeProgramList (struct List *) -- With this tag you can
            free the list allocated by the SCALOSCTRLA_GetProgramList tag.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetCloseWBDisabled (ULONG *) -- Get the current disable
            state for the intuition.library/CloseWorkBench() function.
            If TRUE, intuition.library/CloseWorkBench() always returns FALSE
            and Scalos will never close.

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetCloseWBDisabled (ULONG) -- Set the disable
            state for the intuition.library/CloseWorkBench() function.
            If TRUE, intuition.library/CloseWorkBench() always returns FALSE
            and Scalos will never close.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetSplashEnable (ULONG *) -- Get the current disable
            state for the Scalos startup splash window. If TRUE, Scalos shows
            its splash window on startup.

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetSplashEnable (ULONG) -- Set the disable
            state for the Scalos startup splash window. If TRUE, Scalos shows
            its splash window on startup.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetToolTipEnable (ULONG *) -- Get the current enable
            state for icon tool tips. If TRUE, icon tool tips will show up
            if the mouse pointer kept over an icon for some seconds.

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetToolTipEnable (ULONG) -- Set the enabled
            state for icon tool tips. If TRUE, icon tool tips will show up
            if the mouse pointer kept over an icon for some seconds.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetToolTipDelay (ULONG *) -- Set the delay time until
            the icon tool tips pop up (in seconds).

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetToolTipDelay (ULONG) -- Set the delay time until
            the icon tool tips pop up (in seconds). You must specify a
            number between 1 and 599 seconds. Default delay time is 2 seconds.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetOldDragIconMode (ULONG *) -- Enable old (workbench-
            like) icon dragging mode, i.e. all icons are visibly dragged.
            If turned OFF (=0), the new &quot;icon stack&quot; method is used.
            Default value is OFF (0).

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetOldDragIconMode (ULONG) -- Get the current icon
            dragging mode.
            0 New &quot;icon stack&quot; icon dragging method is used.
            1 Old (workbench-like) icon dragging mode, i.e. all icons
            are visibly dragged

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetTypeRestartTime (ULONG *) -- Get the number of seconds
            that have to pass before typing the next character in a drawer
            window will restart with a new file name.

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetTypeRestartTime (ULONG) -- Set the number of seconds
            that have to pass before typing the next character in a drawer
            window will restart with a new file name. You must specify a
            number greater than 0. Default type restart time is 3 seconds.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetEmulationMode (ULONG *) -- get a BOOL variable telling
            whether which mode Scalos is running in.
            TRUE emulation mode
            FALSE preview mode

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetStatusBarEnable (ULONG *) -- get a BOOL variable
            telling whether Scalos displays a status bar in every
            non-backdrop window.

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetStatusBarEnable (ULONG) -- Telling whether Scalos to
            display a status bar in every non-backdrop window (any non-zero
            value) or to display no status bars. Changes only apply to
            windows opened thereafter.
            TRUE show status bar
            FALSE don't show status bar
            NOTE: Changes only apply to windows opened thereafter.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetStripedTextWindows (ULONG *) -- get a BOOL variable
            telling whether Scalos displays horizontally striped lines in
            text windows.

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetStripedTextWindows (ULONG) -- Tell whether Scalos to
            display horizontally striped lines in text windows.
            TRUE show stripes in text window
            FALSE show standard background.
            NOTE: Changes only apply to windows opened thereafter.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetDisplayDragCount (ULONG *) -- get a BOOL variable
            telling whether Scalos shows the number of dragged objects
            during Drag and Drop.

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetDisplayDragCount (ULONG) -- Tell whether Scalos to
            display the number of dragged objects during Drag and Drop.
            TRUE show number of objects while dragging
            FALSE don't show number of objects

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetWindowDropMarkMode (ULONG *) - get a ULONG variable
            telling when Scalos shows window drop marks during D&amp;D
            IDTV_WinDropMark_Never - never
            IDTV_WinDropMark_WindowedOnly - only on non-backdrop windows
            IDTV_WinDropMark_Always - always

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetWindowDropMarkMode (ULONG) - Set when Scalos will
            show window drop marks during D&amp;D
            IDTV_WinDropMark_Never - never
            IDTV_WinDropMark_WindowedOnly - only on non-backdrop windows
            IDTV_WinDropMark_Always - always

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetCopyHook (struct Hook **) - Obtain the current hook
            that will be invoked when Scalos starts copying files and
            data (V40).

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetCopyHook (struct Hook *) - Install a new hook that
            will be invoked when Scalos starts copying files and data (V40).
            The hook will be invoked exactly the same way as Workbench
            does with its WBCTRLA_SetCopyHook hook.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetDeleteHook (struct Hook **) - Obtain the current hook
            that will be invoked when Scalos deletes files and drawers or
            empties the trashcan (V40).

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetDeleteHook (struct Hook *) - Install a new hook that
            will be invoked when Scalos deletes files and drawers or empties
            the trashcan (V40).
            The hook will be invoked exactly the same way as Workbench
            does with its WBCTRLA_SetDeleteHook hook.
            NOTE: this hook will take precedence over the
            installed &quot;Delete.module&quot;.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetTextInputHook (struct Hook **) - Obtain the current
            hook that will be invoked when Scalos requests the user to enter
            text, i.e. when a file is to be renamed or a new drawer is to
            be created (V40).

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetTextInputHook (struct Hook *) - Install a new hook
            that will be invoked when Scalos requests the user to enter text,
            i.e. when a file is to be renamed or a new drawer is to
            be created (V40).
            The hook will be invoked exactly the same way as Workbench
            does with its WBCTRLA_SetTextInputHook hook.
            NOTE: this hook will take precedence over the installed
            &quot;NewDrawer.module&quot;, &quot;Execute.module&quot; and &quot;Rename.module&quot;.

            SCALOSCTRLA_AddCloseWBHook (struct Hook *) - Add a hook that will
            be invoked when Scalos is about to close (cleanup), and when
            Scalos has opened again (setup) (V40).
            The hook will be invoked exactly the same way as Workbench
            does with its WBCTRLA_AddSetupCleanupHook hook.

            SCALOSCTRLA_RemCloseWBHook (struct Hook *) - Remove a hook that has
            been installed with the SCALOSCTRLA_AddCloseWBHook tag (V40).

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetSupportedIconTypes (ULONG *) - Get bit mask
            of all currently enabled icon types
            IDTV_IconType_NewIcon - display NewIcons
            IDTV_IconType_ColorIcon - display OS3.5 color icons

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetSupportedIconTypes (ULONG) - Select which
            icon types are enabled :
            IDTV_IconType_NewIcon - display NewIcons
            IDTV_IconType_ColorIcon - display OS3.5 color icons

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetMenuCommandList (struct List **) -- You can obtain a list
            of all supported menu command names. When you no longer need
            the list, don't forget to free it again using the tag
            WBCTRLA_FreeMenuCommandList.

            SCALOSCTRLA_FreeMenuCommandList (struct List *) -- With this tag you can
            free the list allocated by the SCALOSCTRLA_GetMenuCommandList tag.

            SCALOSCTRLA_GetCopyBuffSize (ULONG *) -- Query the size of the buffer
            used for moving and copying files.

            SCALOSCTRLA_SetCopyBuffSize (ULONG) -- Set the size of the buffer used
            for moving and copying files. The size can be changed
            between 4 KBytes and 4 MBytes (40.30).


        RESULT
            Returns the number of tags successfully processed. If the returned
            value is less than the number of tags supplied, you can query the error
            code using dos.library/IoErr().

            NOTES
            This function may only be called by a Process.


        SEE ALSO
            dos.library/IoErr
            &lt;dos/dosextens.h&gt;


        NAME

            SCA_GetDefIconObject
            SCA_GetDefIconObjectA
            SCA_GetDefIconObjectTags

        SYNOPSIS

        	IconObject SCA_GetDefIconObject( dirLock, name )
        	  D0                              A0       A1
        	IconObject SCA_GetDefIconObjectA( dirLock, name, tagList )
        	  D0                               A0       A1    A2

        	Object *SCA_GetDefIconObject(BPTR dirLock, CONST_STRPTR name)
        	Object *SCA_GetDefIconObjectA(BPTR dirLock,
        		CONST_STRPTR name, struct TagItem *tagList)
        	Object *SCA_GetDefIconObjectTags(BPTR dirLock, CONST_STRPTR name, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Returns default IconObject for the file system object
            (tool/project/drawer/device) described by dirLock and name.
            A filetype-specific default icon is selected according
            to the object type.

        INPUTS
            dirlock - Lock on the parent directory of the object.
            name - Name of the object.
            tagList - additional tags for creation of IconObject.
        RESULT
            IconObject - new IconObject or NULL


        NAME

            SCA_OpenDrawerByName
            SCA_OpenDrawerByNameTags

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScaWindow = SCA_OpenDrawerByName( path, tagList )
        	  D0                             A0    A1

        	struct ScaWindowStruct *SCA_OpenDrawerByName(CONST_STRPTR path,
        		struct TagItem *tagList);

        	struct ScaWindowStruct *SCA_OpenDrawerByNameTags(CONST_STRPTR path,
        		ULONG firstTag, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Tries to open the named drawer.

        INPUTS
            path - Full path name of the drawer to be opened.
            TagList - taglist

        RESULT
            ScaWindow - ScaWindowStruct of the newly opened drawer window or NULL.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_OpenIconWindow()


        NAME

            SCA_UnlockDrag

        SYNOPSIS

        	 wasLocked = SCA_UnlockDrag ( draghandle )
        	   		   D0

        	ULONG SCA_LockDrag ( APTR draghandle );

         
        FUNCTION
            Unlocks the screen layer info that is connected to the draghandle.
            Main purpose is to temporarily unlock and lock again the screen
            layers during a dragging operiation, in order to allow some drawing to happen.

        INPUTS
            draghandle - That drag handle that is to be locked.

        RESULT
            wasLocked - Flag that indicated whether the screen layer was locked
            before calling. The result can be used to decide if you need to
            call SCA_LockDrag() when you are finished drawing.

        SEE ALSO
            SCA_LockDrag(), SCA_InitDrag(), SCA_EndDrag(), SCA_DrawDrag()


=== Scalos GFX ===

    ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC
    ScalosGfxCreateSAC
    ScalosGfxFreeSAC
    ScalosGfxCreateARGB
    ScalosGfxFreeARGB
    ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha
    ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask
    ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap
    ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap
    ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap
    ScalosGfxMedianCut
    ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray
    ScalosGfxScaleBitMap
    ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect
    ScalosGfxBlitARGB
    ScalosGfxFillRectARGB
    ScalosGfxSetARGB
    ScalosGfxNewColorMap
    ScalosGfxARGBRectMult
    ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha
    ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList
    ScalosGfxBlitIcon


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC -- Allocate an empty ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	sac = ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC( )
        	D0

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC( void );

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates an empty ScalosBitMapAndColor structure, with NULL
            sca_BitMap and sac_ColorTable.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            sac - new created ScalosBitMapAndColor, or NULL on failure

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxFreeSAC(), ScalosGfxCreateSAC()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateSAC -- Allocate ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	sac = ScalosGfxCreateSAC(width, height, depth, friendBM, tagList);
        	D0                       D0     D1      D2     A0        A1

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxCreateSAC(ULONG, ULONG, ULONG,
        		struct BitMap *, struct TagItem *)

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxCreateSACTags(ULONG, ULONG, ULONG,
        		struct BitMap *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocate a ScalosBitMapAndColor structure. sac_BitMap and sac_ColorTable
            are allocated according to specified dimensions.

        INPUTS
            width - Desired width of new ScalosBitMapAndColor BitMap.
            height - Desired height of new ScalosBitMapAndColor BitMap.
            depth - Desired depth of new ScalosBitMapAndColor BitMap. Must be less
            than 256. sac_ColorTable will be allocated to hold 2^depth entries.
            friendBM - Friend BitMap to use for BitMap allocation.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            None defined yet.

        RESULT
            sac - new created ScalosBitMapAndColor, or NULL on failure

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxFreeSAC(), ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFreeSAC -- free a previously allocated ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFreeSAC(sac);
        	                A0

        	void ScalosGfxFreeSAC((struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *);

         
        FUNCTION
            Frees and deallocates a previously allocated ScalosBitMapAndColor,
            including sac_BitMap and sac_ColorTable.

        INPUTS
            sac - previously allocated ScalosBitMapAndColor, or NULL

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxCreateSAC(), ScalosGfxCreateEmptySAC()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateARGB -- Allocate a gfxARGB with specified size

        SYNOPSIS

        	argb = ScalosGfxCreateARGB(width, height, tagList)
        	D0                         D0     D1      A0

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxCreateARGB(ULONG, ULONG, struct TagItem *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates an array of struct gfxARGB with sufficient size for
            specified width and height.

        INPUTS
            width - width of gfxARGB array
            height - height of gfxARGB array
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            None defined yet.

        RESULT
            argb - new allocated gfxARGB, or NULL on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFreeARGB -- Free a previously allocated gfxARGB

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFreeARGB(argb)
        	D0                A0

        	VOID ScalosGfxFreeARGB(struct gfxARGB **)

         
        FUNCTION

        INPUTS
            argb - pointer to storage of previously allocated gfxARGB.
            argb may point to NULL.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxCreateARGB()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha -- Set all pixels to specified Alpha value.

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha(src, alpha);
        			      A0   D0

        	VOID ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha(struct ARGBHeader *, UBYTE)

         
        FUNCTION
            Alpha value of all pixels in the ARGBHeader and its previously
            allocated gfxARGB array is set to the specified value.

        INPUTS
            src - Header of gfxARGB rectangle to modify.
            alpha - Alpha (transparency) value to set.

        RESULT

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask -- Set alpha value according to mask plane

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask(argbh, maskPlane)
        				  A0     A1

        	VOID ScalosGfxARGBSetAlphaMask(struct ARGBHeader *, PLANEPTR)

         
        FUNCTION
            Alpha values of all pixels in the ARGBHeader and its previously
            allocated gfxARGB array are set according to mask plane, i.e. for
            every bit set in mask plane, alpha is maximum (255), and for every
            cleared bit, alpha is set to minimum (0).

        INPUTS
            argbh - Header of gfxARGB rectangle to modify.
            maskPlane - Single bit mask plane. Dimensions must match size of argbh, with
            width rounded up to next 16-bit.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap -- Create gfxARGB array from a BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	argb = ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap(bm, width, height, numberOfColors, colorTable, maskPlane
        	D0                                   A0  D0     D1      D2              A1          A2

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap(struct BitMap *, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG,
        		const ULONG *, PLANEPTR)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates and a gfxARGB array with specified dimensions, and fills it from
            provided BitMap, with optional mask plane. Works only with standard BitMaps with
            less than 256 colors.

        INPUTS
            bm - source BitMap to fill gfxARGB array from,
            Depth must be less than 256 colors.
            width - Width of gfxARGB array
            height - Height of gfxARGB array
            numberOfColors - number of entries in colorTable
            colorTable - Color table to use for BitMap
            maskPlane - Single bit mask plane. Dimensions must match width and
            height, with width rounded up to next 16-bit. May be NULL.
        RESULT
            argb - allocated gfxARGB array or NULL on failure.

            NOTES
            Use ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap() for high-color or true-color BitMaps.

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap -- Fill previously allocated gfxARGB array from CGFX BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap(argbh, srcBM, maskPlane)
        				    A0     A1     A2

        	VOID ScalosGfxFillARGBFromBitMap(struct ARGBHeader *, struct BitMap *, PLANEPTR)

         
        FUNCTION
            Fill a previously allocated gfxARGB array from a CyberGraphics BitMap. Can only
            be used for high-color or true-color BitMaps.
            If maskPlane if given, alpha information in argbh is created from maskPlane. If
            maskPlane if NULL, alpha channel from source BitMap is used if available,
            otherwise alpha is set to opaque.

        INPUTS
            argbh - completely initialized gfxARGB array
            srcBM - source BitMap to use for filling, depth must be at least 65536 colors
            maskPlane - Single bit mask plane. Dimensions must match width and height, with
            width rounded up to next 16-bit. May be NULL.
        RESULT
            nothing

            NOTES
            Use ScalosGfxARGBSetAlpha() for standard BitMaps (i.e. less than 256 colors).

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxCreateARGBFromBitMap()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap -- Copy gfxARGB array to BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap(argbh, bm, numberOfColors, colorTable)
        				   A0     A1  D0              A2)

        	VOID ScalosGfxWriteARGBToBitMap(struct ARGBHeader *, struct BitMap *, ULONG, const ULONG *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Creates a copy of gfxARGB array in destination BitMap,
            using pre-defined colorTable. Works only with standard BitMaps, i.e. with
            less than 256 colors. No sophisticated color reduction is performed, but
            bit-fit pens are decided via FindBestPen().

        INPUTS
            argbh - gfxARGB array to read from
            bm - Standard BitMap to write to. BitMap must
            have less than 256 colors.
            numberOfColors - Number of entries in colorTable
            colorTable - color table to use for BitMap.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxMedianCut -- Create color-reduced BitMap from gfxARGB array

        SYNOPSIS

        	sac = ScalosGfxMedianCut(argbh, depth, tagList)
        	D0                       A0     D0     A1

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxMedianCut(struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG, struct TagItem *)

        	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *ScalosGfxMedianCutTags(struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocate and fill a color-reduced BitMap and a best-match color table from gfxARGB array.
            Either ordered dithering or Floyd-Steinberg dithering will be used for best results.

        INPUTS
            argbh - gfxARGB array to read from
            depth - desired depth of generated BitMap, must be less than 256.
            tagList - array of tagItems, as desribed below, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_MedianCutFlags - Flags as described below.
            SCALOSGFX_MedianCutFriendBitMap - struct BitMap *, friend BitMap to use
            for allocating result BitMap
            SCALOSGFX_MedianCutReservedColors - ULONG, number of reserved (unused) color
            entries at start of generated color table.

            FLAGS
            SCALOSGFXFLAGF_MedianCut_FloydSteinberg - If set, Floyd-Steinberg dithering
            will be used for color reduction.

        RESULT
            sac - created ScalosBitMapAndColor pointer, or NULL on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray -- Scale given gfxARGB array

        SYNOPSIS

        	argb = ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray(src, destWidth, destHeight, tagList)
        	D0                             A0   A1         A2          A3

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxScaleARGBArray(const struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG *,
        		ULONG *, struct TagItem *)

        	struct gfxARGB *ScalosGfxScaleARGBArrayTags(const struct ARGBHeader *, ULONG *,
        		ULONG *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Scales given gfxARGB array to a new size. Supports both enlarging and shrinking
            gfxARGB arrays.

        INPUTS
            src - source gfxARGB array, will not be modified
            destWidth - desired width, might be internally corrected
            if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            destHeight - desired height, might be internally corrected
            if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_ScaleARGBArrayFlags - ULONG, specify some operation flags as listed below.

            FLAGS
            SCALEFLAGF_BICUBIC - allow bicubic scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_BILINEAR - allow bilinear scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_AVERAGE - allow average scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_DOUBLESIZE - allow intermediate step via double size, to improve quality
            SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT - allow correction of destWidth and destHeight to
            meet source aspect ratio.

        RESULT
            argb - Scaled copy of the source gfxARGB array

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxScaleBitMap -- Scale given BitMap

        SYNOPSIS

        	bm = ScalosGfxScaleBitMap(sbma, tagList)
        	D0                        A0    A1

        	struct BitMap *ScalosGfxScaleBitMap(struct ScaleBitMapArg *, struct TagItem *)

        	struct BitMap *ScalosGfxScaleBitMapTags(struct ScaleBitMapArg *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Scales given gfxARGB array to a new size. Supports both enlarging and shrinking
            gfxARGB arrays.
        INPUTS
            sbma - Structure with scaling parameters:
            sbma_SourceBM - The original BitMap. This BitMap is not modified.
            sbma_SourceWidth - Width of the source BitMap.
            sbma_SourceHeight - Height of the source BitMap
            sbma_DestWidth - Pointer to Width of resized BitMap, might be internally
            corrected if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            sbma_DestHeight - Pointer to Height of resized BitMap, might be internally
            corrected if SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT is set.
            sbma_NumberOfColors - number of entries in color table
            sbma_ColorTable - Color table for both source and resized BitMap.
            sbma_Flags - scaling flags:
            SCALEFLAGF_BICUBIC - allow bicubic scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_BILINEAR - allow bilinear scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_AVERAGE - allow average scaling
            SCALEFLAGF_DOUBLESIZE - allow intermediate scaling step with
            double size, to improve quality
            SCALEFLAGF_CORRECTASPECT - allow correction of destWidth and
            destHeight to meet source aspect ratio.
            sbma_ScreenBM - Firend BitMap used when allocating resized BitMap.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            none defined yet.

        RESULT
            bm - Scaled copy of the original BitMap

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect -- Adjust scaling dimensions to source aspect

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, *destWidth, *destHeight)
        				      D0           D1            A0          A1

        	VOID ScalosGfxCalculateScaleAspect(ULONG, ULONG, ULONG *, ULONG *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Adjusts either destWidth or destHeight according to aspect ratio of
            sourceWidth and soureHeight.

        INPUTS
            sourceWidth - Unscaled width.
            sourceHeight - Unscaled Height;
            destWidth - Pointer to desired scaled width.
            destHeight - Pointer to desired scaled width.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitARGB -- Blit rectangle between two gfxARGB array rectangles.

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitARGB(destARGB, srcARGB, destLeft, destTop, srcLeft, srcTop, width, height)
        			  A0        A1       D0        D1       D2       D3      D4     D5

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGB(struct ARGBHeader *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blits user-defined rectangle from srcARGB at specified position into destARGB.
            No alpha handling is performed, destination pixel values are simply
            replaced by source pixels.

        INPUTS
            destARGB - destination gfxARGB array
            srcARGB - source gfxARGB array
            destLeft - Left start position in destARGB.
            destTop - Top start position in destARGB.
            srcLeft - Left start position in srcARGB.
            srcTop - Top start position in srcARGB.
            width - Width of blitted rectangle.
            height - Height of blitted rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxFillRectARGB -- Blit two gfxARGB array rectangles

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxFillRectARGB(destARGB, fillARGB, left, top, width, height)
        			      A0        A1        D0    D1   D2     D3

        	VOID ScalosGfxFillRectARGB(struct ARGBHeader *, const struct gfxARGB *,
        		LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blits fillARGB at specified position into destARGB. No alpha handling is
            performed, destination pixel values are just replaced by source pixels.
            Blit always starts at (0,0) in fillARGB.

        INPUTS
            destARGB - destination gfxARGB array.
            fillARGB - source gfxARGB array.
            left - Left start position in destARGB.
            top - Top start position in destARGB.
            width - Width of blitted rectangle.
            height - Height of blitted rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxSetARGB -- Set entire gfxARGB array to given ARGB color

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxSetARGB(destARGB, fillARGB)
        			A0         A1

        	VOID ScalosGfxSetARGB(struct ARGBHeader *, const struct gfxARGB *)

         
        FUNCTION
            Set all pixels in entire gfxARGB array to the given ARGB color.

        INPUTS
            destARGB - gfxARGB array to be changed.
            fillARGB - ARGB value to set pixels to.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxNewColorMap -- Allocate new color table for ScalosBitMapAndColor

        SYNOPSIS

        	success = ScalosGfxNewColorMap(sac, colorMap, colorEntries)
        	D0                             A0   A1        D0

        	BOOL ScalosGfxNewColorMap(struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *, const ULONG *, ULONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Allocates a new color table for ScalosBitMapAndColor. The new color table is
            filled with the RGB values from colorMap.
            Any previously color table in ScalosBitMapAndColor is freed.

        INPUTS
            sac - ScalosBitMapAndColor where to store new color table.
            colorMap - RGB values for new color table
            colorEntries - Desired number of entries in new color table

        RESULT
            success - TRUE if new color table was successfully allocated,
            FALSE on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxARGBRectMult -- Multiply RGB value with given factor

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxARGBRectMult(rp, numerator, denominator, xMin, yMin, xMax, yMax)
        			      A0  A1         A2           D0    D1    D2    D3

        	VOID ScalosGfxARGBRectMult(struct RastPort *, const struct gfxARGB *,
        		const struct gfxARGB *, WORD, WORD, WORD, WORD)

         
        FUNCTION
            Multiplies RGB values of pixels within a specified rectangle
            with (numerator/denominator). Overflow is clipped to maximum RGB value (255).
            Works only with CyberGraphics generated, high-color or true-color BitMaps.
            Takes Layers in RastPort into account.

        INPUTS
            rp - RastPort with the BitMap to be modified.
            numerator - Scaling factor as numerator:denominator
            denominator - Scaling factor as numerator:denominator
            xMin - Left start of modified rectangle.
            yMin - Top start of modified rectangle.
            xMax - Right end of modified rectangle.
            yMax - Bottom end of modified rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha -- Alpha blit from gfxARGB array into RastPort

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha(rp, srcH, destLeft, destTop, srcLeft, srcTop, width, height)
        			       A0  A1    D0        D1       D2       D3      D4     D5

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha (struct RastPort *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blit a rectangular area from source gfxARGB array into
            destination RastPort. Alpha (transparency) information in
            source gfxARGB array is fully accounted for.
            Destination RastPort may have Layers.

        INPUTS
            rp - Destination, this RastPort is been drawn to.
            srcH - Source gfxARGB array
            destLeft - Left offset in destination RastPort.
            destTop - Top offset in destination RastPort.
            srcLeft - Left offset in source gfxARGB array.
            srcTop - Left offset in source gfxARGB array.
            width - Width of blit rectangle.
            height - Height of blit rectangle.

        RESULT
            nothing

            NOTES

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList -- Alpha blit from gfxARGB array into RastPort

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList(rp, srcH, destLeft, destTop, srcSize, tagList)
        				      A0  A1    D0        D1       A3       A2

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTagList(struct RastPort *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, const struct IBox *, struct TagItem *)

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlphaTags(struct RastPort *, const struct ARGBHeader *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, const struct IBox *, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION

        INPUTS
            rp - Destination, this RastPort is been drawn to.
            srcH - Source gfxARGB array
            destLeft - Left offset in destination RastPort.
            destTop - Top offset in destination RastPort.
            srcSize - IBox defining both left/top offset in source gfxARGB
            array, and size of blit rectangle.
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconHilight - const struct ARGB *, ARGB value to use
            for highlighting.Its RGB values are added
            to the destination pixels, with clipping
            to 0..255 range.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconAlpha - const UBYTE *, specify alpha array for icon.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconTransparency - ULONG, specify alpha for icon, 0...255.
        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            ScalosGfxBlitARGBAlpha()


        NAME

            ScalosGfxBlitIcon -- Alpha blit from RastPort to RastPort

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScalosGfxBlitIcon(rpBackground, rpIcon, left, top, width, height, tagList)
        			  A0            A1      D0    D1   D2     D3      A2

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitIcon(struct RastPort *, struct RastPort *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, struct TagItem *)

        	VOID ScalosGfxBlitIconTags(struct RastPort *, struct RastPort *,
        		ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ...)

         
        FUNCTION
            Blit a rectangular area from rpIcon into rpBackground, with full
            alpha (transparency) support.
            This function supports RastPorts with Layers.

        INPUTS
            rpBackground - Target RastPort.
            rpIcon - Source RastPort. The BitMap of this RastPort is
            not modified.
            left - left start of blit in rpBackground
            top - top start of blit in rpBackground
            width - width of the blitting rectangle
            height - height of the blitting rectangle
            tagList - pointer to list of Tags, or NULL.

        TAGS
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconHilight - const struct ARGB *, ARGB value to use
            for highlighting. Its RGB values are
            added to the destination pixels, with
            clipping to 0..255 range.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconAlpha - const UBYTE *, specify alpha array for icon.
            SCALOSGFX_BlitIconTransparency - ULONG, specify alpha for icon, 0...255.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


=== Scalos API ===

    --background
    --Scalos_Message
    --Modules
    --PlugIn's
    --MenuPlugIn's
    SM_AddIcon
    SM_AppSleep
    SM_AppWakeup
    SM_CloseWindow
    SM_DeltaMove
    SM_DoPopupMenu
    SM_Iconify
    SM_NewPreferences
    SM_NewPattern
    SM_NewWindowPath
    SM_PrefsChanged
    SM_Redraw
    SM_RedrawIcon
    SM_RedrawIconObj
    SM_RemIcon
    SM_Requester
    SM_RunMenuCmd
    SM_RunProcess
    SM_SetThumbnailImage_ARGB
    SM_SetThumbnailImage_Remapped
    SM_ShowPopupMenu
    SM_ShowStatusBar
    SM_ShowTitle
    SM_Sleep
    SM_UnIconify
    SM_Update
    SM_UpdateIcon
    SM_Wakeup


        NAME

            --background

            DESCRIPTION
            This documentation gives you information how to communicate with
            Scalos and its windowtasks. There are not many MessageTypes
            currently available, but it will be more in future.


        NAME

            --Scalos_Message

            DESCRIPTION
            If you send a message to scalos you should use the SCA_AllocMessage()
            and SCA_FreeMessage() calls from the scalos.library. The returned
            message will look like this:

            struct ScalosMessage
            {
            struct Message sm_Message;
            ULONG sm_Signature; /* &quot;IMSG&quot; */
            ULONG sm_MessageType;
            };

            The message ports where to sent the messages to are available via
            the SCA_LockWindowList() / SCA_UnLockWindowList() calls from
            scalos.library.

            Additional data depends upon MessageType.
            SYNOPSIS will give you information about this data. INPUTS means the
            message for PutMsg() and RESULT the one that was replied.


        NAME

            --Modules

            DESCRIPTION
            Modules are programs with a standard wb-start enviroment. The
            arguments are additional values (e.g. Execute_Command: the dir and
            the filename as default value for the string-gadget).


        NAME

            --PlugIn's

            DESCRIPTION
            PlugIn's are external BOOPSI Classes that will enhance or replace
            internal classes. The only thing you have to do is to write a little
            shared library with only one offset. The library base should have at
            least a structure of a Library structure followed by a longword
            (four bytes). These four bytes are used to store an identifier so that
            Scalos can know that it is a Scalos plugin. The value for these four
            bytes should be 'PLUG' (which you should set in the initialisation
            routine of your plugin, or the auto initialisation).

            The one specific offset (it must be the first public function of your
            library if you decide to have more functions) has to return a ScaClassInfo
            struct. Your PlugIn can be added automatically on startup if you
            add it to the PlugIn list in Scalos Prefs.

        SYNOPSIS

        	ScaClassInfo SCAGetClassInfo()
        		D0

        	struct ScaClassInfo *SCAGetClassInfo( void );


    NAME

        --MenuPlugIn's

        DESCRIPTION
        A MenuPlugIn is a little library with one function. As with the standard
        plugins, your plugin function must be the first public function of the
        library. Menu plugins also require an identifier in the four bytes
        following the Library structure of the library base. In the case of menu
        plugins, the value for these four bytes should be 'OOPP'.

        This functions have to be full reentrant. The windowtask is blocked until
        your function returns. Never open a requester or block the task for a
        long time use SCCM_AsyncRoutine instead.

    SYNOPSIS

    	SCAMenuFunction( WindowTask, IconNode)
    					 A0          A1

    	void SCAMenuFunction( struct ScaWindowTask *, struct ScaIconNode *);

        NOTES
    	In order to get a pointer to the IconNode, your plugin must be
    	called from an popup menu. When called from a screen menu, the IconNode
    	pointer is always NULL.


NAME


    SM_DeltaMove

SYNOPSIS

	LONG smdm_DeltaX;
	LONG smdm_DeltaY;
	ULONG smdm_AdjustSlider;

 
FUNCTION

    Moves window interior by (deltaX,deltaY) and adjusts
    scrollers accordingly.

INPUTS

    smdm_DeltaX - number of pixels to scroll the window contents
    in horizontal direction.
    smdm_DeltaY - number of pixels to scroll the window contents
    in vertical direction.
    smdm_AdjustSlider - Flags to use for correction of virtual size
    SETVIRTF_AdjustRightSlider = adjust right (vertical) slider
    SETVIRTF_AdjustBottomSlider = set bottom (horizontal) slider

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO

    IconWindow.sca/SCCM_IconWin_DeltaMove
    IconWindow.sca/SCCM_IconWin_SetVirtSize


NAME


    SM_CloseWindow

SYNOPSIS


FUNCTION

    Closes the window of the selected messageport.

INPUTS

    none

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_DoPopupMenu

SYNOPSIS


FUNCTION

    Trigger opening of a window or icon popup menu.

INPUTS

    smdpm_InputEvent - InputEvent that triggered the popup menu.
    The mouse coordinates from the InputEvent are ignored,
    and the screen-&gt;MouseX, MouseY are used instead.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_NewPattern

SYNOPSIS

	APTR nmnp_PatternNode

 
FUNCTION

    Sets a new pattern for the window

INPUTS

    snmp_PatternNode - the new pattern or NULL for no pattern.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_NewWindowPath

SYNOPSIS


FUNCTION

    Change contents in existing window to display the given new path.

INPUTS

    STRPTR smnwp_Path - Path of the new drawer to display in the window
    struct TagItem *smnwp_TagList - additional tags

    Supported tags are:
    SCA_ShowAllMode - one of the workbench DDFLAGS_* values.
    SCA_ViewModes - one of the workbench DDVM_BY* values
    SCA_XOffset - (LONG) Window X offset
    SCA_YOffset - (LONG) Window Y offset
    SCA_IconList - (struct ScaIconNode *) pregenerated icon list

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO

    IconWindow.sca/SCCM_IconWin_NewPath


NAME


    SM_PrefsChanged

SYNOPSIS

	ULONG Flags

 
FUNCTION

    Inform existing window about changed preferences. The window is
    responsible to perform any required updating.

INPUTS

    ULONG Flags - future flags. Set to 0 for upwards compatibility.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_Sleep

SYNOPSIS


FUNCTION

    The windowtask that receives this message will be sleep. Only the
    window will be closed, no icon will be displayed.

INPUTS

    none

RESULT

    nothing

    NOTES
    Never send this message to a the main_messageport!

SEE ALSO

    SM_Wakeup


NAME


    SM_Wakeup

SYNOPSIS

	ULONG   smwu_ReLayout

 
FUNCTION

    Wakeup the selected window_task. It's the opposite to SM_Sleep.

INPUTS

    smwu_ReLayout - BOOL
    TRUE if all icons of the window should be relayouted.
    This is especially important when WorkBench screen has changed.

RESULT

    nothing

    NOTES
    Never send this message to a the main_messageport!

SEE ALSO

    SM_Sleep


NAME


    SM_AppSleep

SYNOPSIS


FUNCTION

    All windowtasks and all ScalosApplications will fall asleep.

INPUTS

    none

RESULT

    nothing

    NOTES
    This message must be sent to the main_messageport!

SEE ALSO

    SM_AppWakeup


NAME


    SM_AppWakeup

SYNOPSIS

	ULONG   smaw_ReLayout

 
FUNCTION

    Wakeup all thing that sleeps since SM_AppSleep.

INPUTS

    smaw_ReLayout - TRUE if all icons should be relayouted.
    This is especially important when WorkBench screen has changed.

RESULT

    nothing

    NOTES
    This message must be sent to the main_messageport!

SEE ALSO

    SM_AppSleep


NAME


    SM_Redraw

SYNOPSIS

	ULONG   smmr_Flags

 
FUNCTION

    Redraws the icons inside of the window. This method could be uses to
    refresh the window after adding or selecting/deselecting icons.

INPUTS

    smmr_Flags -
    REDRAWB_DontEraseWindow : don't erase window before redraw
    REDRAWB_ReLayoutIcons : relayout icons

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_RedrawIcon

SYNOPSIS

	struct ScaIconObject *smri_Icon

 
FUNCTION

    Redraws the specified icon inside of the window.
    The window icon list semaphore must not be kept locked for this
    message to work! Before actually trying to redraw, an explicit
    check is done whether the icon is really member of the
    window's icon list.

INPUTS

    smri_Icon - the icvon to be redrawn

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_RedrawIconObj

SYNOPSIS

	Object *smrio_IconObject
	ULONG smrio_Flags

 
FUNCTION

    Redraws the specified iconobject inside of the window.
    The window icon list semaphore must not be kept locked for this
    message to work! Before actually trying to redraw, an explicit
    check is done whether the icon is really member of the
    window's icon list.
    Optionally, the icon can be explicitly erased before redrawing,
    and a new icon icon layout may be requested (IDTM_FreeLayout
    / IDTM_Layout).

INPUTS

    smrio_IconObject - the iconobject to be redrawn
    smrio_Flags
    SMRIOFLAGF_EraseIcon - the iconobject is erased before redraw
    SMRIOFLAGF_FreeLayout - the iconobject is forced to refresh its
    layout (with IDTM_FreeLayout and IDTM_Layout).
    SMRIOFLAGF_Highlight - indicates that there is only a change
    in icon highlighting state.
    SMRIOFLAGF_IconListLocked - the window icon list is
    currently locked.
    SMRIOFLAGB_HightlightOn - set ICONOBJ_USERFLAGF_DrawHighlite
    before drawing. Useful in combination
    with SMRIOFLAGF_Highlight.
    SMRIOFLAGB_HightlightOff - clear ICONOBJ_USERFLAGF_DrawHighlite
    before drawing. Useful in combination
    with SMRIOFLAGF_Highlight.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_SetThumbnailImage_ARGB

SYNOPSIS

	Object	*smtia_IconObject
	struct ARGBHeader smtia_NewImage

 
FUNCTION

    Attach a new ARGB image to an existing icon. The sender of this
    message is responsible to make sure that destination icon is able
    to handle true-color ARGB images.

INPUTS

    smtia_IconObject - the icon to attach the new image to.
    smtia_NewImage -- the new ARGB image.
    ARGBHeader contents (BitMap) is supposed to be freed
    by message receiver.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_SetThumbnailImage_Remapped

SYNOPSIS

	Object	*smtir_IconObject;			// the icon to attach the new image to
	struct ScalosBitMapAndColor *smtir_NewImage;    // the new image. ScalosBitMapAndColor contents is freed by message handler

 
FUNCTION

    Attach a new color-mapped image to an existing icon.
    The sender of this message is responsible to make sure
    that destination icon is able to handle the color-mapped image.

INPUTS

    smtir_IconObject -- the icon to attach the new image to.
    smtir_NewImage -- the new image. ScalosBitMapAndColor
    contents is supposed to be freed by message receiver.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_ShowPopupMenu

SYNOPSIS

	struct PopupMenu *pm
	struct ScaIconNode *in
	ULONG Flags
	struct FileTypeDef *fType

 
FUNCTION

    Show a popup menu and execute the user's menu command.

INPUTS

    pm - Popup menu to display.
    in - Scalos icon node the popup menu should be associated to.
    Can be NULL for window popup menus.
    Flags - Show which items are still locked and HAVE TO BE UNLOCKED
    during processing.
    SHOWPOPUPFLGF_IconSemaLocked - wt_IconSemaphore is still locked
    SHOWPOPUPFLGF_WinListLocked - Scalos window list is still locked.
    fType - Private data structure for support of file type specific
    popup menus. Should be NULL if unused.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_ShowStatusBar

SYNOPSIS

	BOOL Visible

 
FUNCTION

    Show or hide the status bar on a Scalos window.

INPUTS

    Visible - TRUE to display the status bar, FALSE to hide it.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_Update

SYNOPSIS


FUNCTION

    Causes the window to reread its icons.

INPUTS

    none

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_UpdateIcon

SYNOPSIS

	BPTR smui_DirLock
	CONST_STRPTR smui_IconName

 
FUNCTION

    Refresh a selected icon.

INPUTS

    smui_DirLock - Lock to parent dir of icon.
    smui_IconName - Name of the icon.

RESULT

    nothing

    NOTES
    You must create copies of smui_DirLock and smui_IconName before
    sending this message. Those copies will be deleted by Scalos.

    Example:
    smui_DirLock = DupLock(myLock);
    smui_IconName = AllocVec(1 + strlen(myName), MEMF_PUBLIC);


SEE ALSO

    scalos.library/SCA_UpdateIcon()


NAME


    SM_AddIcon

SYNOPSIS

	UWORD	smai_x
	UWORD	smai_y
	BPTR	smai_DirLock
	STRPTR	smai_IconName

 
FUNCTION

    Causes a window task to load a selected icon.

INPUTS

    smai_x
    smai_y - the position where the icon should appear or 0x8000 for any
    smai_DirLock - Lock to parent dir of icon.
    smai_IconName - Name of the icon.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_RemIcon

SYNOPSIS

	BPTR	smri_DirLock
	STRPTR	smri_IconName

 
FUNCTION

    Removes an icon from window.

INPUTS

    smri_DirLock - Lock to parent dir of icon.
    smri_IconName - Name of the icon.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_Iconify

SYNOPSIS


FUNCTION

    Set the window to sleep and adds an icon to the main window.

INPUTS

    none

    NOTES
    Never send this message to the main window!

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO

    SM_UnIconify


NAME


    SM_UnIconify

SYNOPSIS


FUNCTION

    Removes the appicon from main window and reopens the window.

INPUTS

    none

RESULT

    nothing

    NOTES
    Never send this message to the main window!

SEE ALSO

    SM_Iconify


NAME


    SM_RunMenuCmd

SYNOPSIS

	APTR smrm_MenuItem
	struct ScaIconNode *smrm_IconNode
	ULONG smrm_Flags

 
FUNCTION

    This message is used to execute a Scalos menu command in some
    other window task's context.

INPUTS

    smrm_MenuItem - internal Scalos menu item descriptor
    smrm_IconNode - Iconnode to execute the command with.
    smrm_Flags - none defined yet.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_ShowTitle

SYNOPSIS

	ULONG smst_showTitle

 
FUNCTION

    This message is used to set the screen title bar display mode.

INPUTS

    smst_showTitle - Screen title bar mode
    If TRUE, the screen's title bar will be shown in front of
    WFLG_BACKDROP windows.
    If FALSE, the title bar will be rendered behind all windows.


RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


NAME


    SM_Requester

SYNOPSIS

	union	{
		ULONG 		smrq_ReqResult;
		struct	Window 	*smrq_ParentWindow;
		};
	APTR			smrq_ArgList;
	struct	EasyStruct 	smrq_ez;
	UBYTE			smrq_ArgListBuffer[0];

 
FUNCTION

    Asynchronously pops up a requester and returns the result.

INPUTS

    smrq_ParentWindow - designates which screen to open the requester on.
    smrq_ReqResult - Here the result from EaysRequest() is returned.
    smrq_ArgList - pointer to ArgList for EasyRequestArgs().
    smrq_ez - Contains information for EasyRequestArgs()
    smrq_ArgListBuffer - buffer for ArgList - allocated as large as needed.
    Put the required buffer length into the additional_size
    parameter of the SCA_AllocMessage() call.

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO

    intuition.library/EasyRequestArgs()
    scalos/SCA_AllocMessage()


NAME


    SM_NewPreferences

SYNOPSIS

	ULONG	smnp_PrefsFlags

 
FUNCTION

    Triggers re-reading and checking of preferences files used by
    Scalos. Multiple invocations of SM_NewPreferences accumulate
    the bits for changes subsystems.
    When there are no more SM_NewPreferences for 0.5s, all marked
    preferences are re-read and check for changes. If changes are
    detected, Scalos reinitializes subsystems as required by the
    preferences changes.

INPUTS

    smnp_PrefsFlags - Bitmask with one bit set for each changed
    preferences file. .

RESULT

    nothing

SEE ALSO


=== Device List ===

    --background
    SCCM_DeviceList_Generate
    SCCM_DeviceList_FreeDevNode
    SCCM_DeviceList_Filter


        NAME

            --background

            DESCRIPTION
            This class is used to generate a list of all currently available
            devices. The list will be used to load or update diskicons. You may
            use this class to filter the devices.


        NAME

            SCCM_DeviceList_Generate

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_DeviceList_Generate,APTR NodeList);

         
        FUNCTION
            Generates the full list of devices.
            Scans through the DosList and adds a ScaDeviceIcon to the
            NodeList for every appropriate device/volume found.
            When finished scanning, applies SCCM_DeviceList_Filter to the
            NodeList of generated icons.

        INPUTS
            NodeList - pointer to an empty ScalosNodeList

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_DeviceList_FreeDevNode

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_DeviceList_FreeDevNode,APTR Node);

         
        FUNCTION
            Frees anything inside of this node, but not the node itself.

        INPUTS
            Node - DeviceNode

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_DeviceList_Filter

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_DeviceList_Filter,APTR NodeList);

         
        FUNCTION
            Filters the list of DeviceNodes. You can hide some devices or restore
            the nodelist. Default: all DOS-Devices without a volume will be
            filtered. Checkout the flags field in the DeviceNode structure.

        INPUTS
            NodeList - pointer to a ScalosNodeList

        SEE ALSO


=== Device Windows ===


Content-Type: text/html DeviceWin.sca

    --background
    SCCM_DeviceWin_ReadIcon
    SCCM_DeviceWin_RemIcon


        NAME

            --background

            DESCRIPTION
            This class implements the main Workbench (= root) window, which
            shows the icons for the mounted devices and volumes.


        NAME

            SCCM_DeviceWin_ReadIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_DeviceWin_ReadIcon,
        		struct ScaDeviceIcon *DeviceNode);

         
        FUNCTION
            Read icon for device (DeviceNode) into window. Depending on prefs
            settings &quot;DefIcons First&quot;, it tries to read :

            DefIconsFirst enabled:
            1. default volume icon &quot;&lt;DefIconPath&gt;/def_&lt;VolumeName&gt;.info&quot;
            2. default device icon &quot;&lt;DefIconPath&gt;/def_&lt;DeviceName&gt;.info&quot;
            3. disk icon &quot;&lt;VolumeName&gt;:disk.info&quot;

            DefIconsFirst disabled:
            1. disk icon &quot;&lt;VolumeName&gt;:disk.info&quot;
            2. default volume icon &quot;&lt;DefIconPath&gt;/def_&lt;VolumeName&gt;.info&quot;
            3. default device icon &quot;&lt;DefIconPath&gt;/def_&lt;DeviceName&gt;.info&quot;

            If everything else fails, a default icon if type WBDISK is read.

        INPUTS
            DeviceNode - info about what device to read icon for.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_DeviceWin_RemIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_DeviceWin_RemIcon,struct ScaIconNode *icon);

         
        FUNCTION
            Remove specified icon from window

        INPUTS
            icon - Icon to remove from window

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


=== filetrans ===

=== root ===

=== window ===


    --background
    SCCM_Window_ChangeWindow
    SCCM_Window_Close
    SCCM_Window_DynamicResize
    SCCM_Window_GetIconFileType
    SCCM_Window_Iconify
    SCCM_Window_InitClipRegion
    SCCM_Window_LockUpdate
    SCCM_Window_NewPath
    SCCM_Window_RemClipRegion
    SCCM_Window_Open
    SCCM_Window_SetTitle
    SCCM_Window_SetInnerSize
    SCCM_Window_UnIconify
    SCCM_Window_UnlockUpdate


        NAME

            --background

            DESCRIPTION
            This class implements all common window functionality used for icon
            windows, text windows and device windows.

            All window methods are invoked with mt_WindowObject.


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_ChangeWindow

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_ChangeWindow);

         
        FUNCTION
            Notifies that a Scalos window may have changed either
            position, or size, or both.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_Close

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_Close);

         
        FUNCTION
            Closes a scalos window

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_DynamicResize

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_DynamicResize);

         
        FUNCTION
            Handles dynamic window resizing, including recalculation of window
            inner size, and re-sorting of unpositioned icons (if enabled).

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_GetIconFileType

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_GetIconFileType, struct ScaIconNode *in);

         
        FUNCTION
            Fills the in_FileType element of the Scalos icon with a TypeNode
            according to the file type of the icon.

        INPUTS
            in - Scalos icon that gets its in_FileType updated.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_Iconify

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_Iconify);

         
        FUNCTION
            Iconifies a scalos window

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            TRUE if window could be iconified successfully or
            has already been iconified.
            FALSE if something went wrong.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_UnIconify

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_UnIconify);

         
        FUNCTION
            Uniconifies an iconified scalos window

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_InitClipRegion

        SYNOPSIS

        	struct Region *oldRegion = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_InitClipRegion);

         
        FUNCTION
            Initializes window clip region so that all rendering is limited to
            the window interior.
            All window drawing - especially icon rendering - should be done
            inside a SCCM_Window_InitClipRegion / SCCM_Window_RemClipRegion call.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            oldRegion - original clip region (to be supplied
            to SCCM_Window_RemClipRegion)

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_Window_RemClipRegion


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_LockUpdate

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_LockUpdate)

         
        FUNCTION
            Holds all icon updates for that window.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_Window_UnlockUpdate


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_NewPath

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_NewPath,CONST_STRPTR path,ULONG tags,...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Inform window object about new path.
            No-op in standard window classes.

        INPUTS
            path - command name
            tags - tag list. Supported tags are:
            SCA_ShowAllMode - one of the workbench DDFLAGS_* values.
            SCA_ViewModes - one of the workbench DDVM_BY* values
            SCA_XOffset - (LONG) Window X offset
            SCA_YOffset - (LONG) Window Y offset
            SCA_IconList - (struct ScaIconNode *) pregenerated icon list

        RESULT
            Success - FALSE on failure, TRUE to indiciate success.

        SEE ALSO
            scalosAPI/SM_NewWindowPath
            IconWindow.sca/SCCM_IconWin_NewPath


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_RemClipRegion

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_RemClipRegion, 
        		struct Region *oldRegion);

         
        FUNCTION
            Resets window clip region to oldRegion.

        INPUTS
            oldRegion - original clip region
            (Result from SCCM_Window_InitClipRegion)

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_Window_InitClipRegion


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_Open

        SYNOPSIS

        	struct Window *win = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_Open);

         
        FUNCTION
            Opens a scalos window

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            win - Pointer to Intuition Window if window could be opened,
            NULL if something went wrong.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_SetTitle

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_SetTitle, CONST_STRPTR title)

         
        FUNCTION
            Sets window title to (title).

        INPUTS
            title - window title string.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_SetInnerSize

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_SetInnerSize)

         
        FUNCTION
            Update internal Scalos variables according to the current
            window size and setup a new window clip region.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Window_UnlockUpdate

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Window_UnlockUpdate)

         
        FUNCTION
            Enabled window updates stopped by SCCM_Window_LockUpdate.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_Window_LockUpdate


==== iconwindow ====


    --background
    SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconDown
    SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconLeft
    SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconNext
    SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconPrevious
    SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconRight
    SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconUp
    SCCM_IconWin_AddGadget
    SCCM_IconWin_AddIcon
    SCCM_IconWin_AddToControlBar
    SCCM_IconWin_AddToStatusBar
    SCCM_IconWin_Browse
    SCCM_IconWin_CleanUp
    SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByDate
    SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByName
    SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpBySize
    SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByType
    SCCM_IconWin_ClearIconFileTypes
    SCCM_IconWin_CountWBArg
    SCCM_IconWin_DeltaMove
    SCCM_IconWin_DragDrop
    SCCM_IconWin_DragEnter
    SCCM_IconWin_DragQuery
    SCCM_IconWin_DragLeave
    SCCM_IconWin_DrawIcon
    SCCM_IconWin_GetDefIcon
    SCCM_IconWin_GetIconFileType
    SCCM_IconWin_History_Back
    SCCM_IconWin_History_Forward
    SCCM_IconWin_ImmediateCheckUpdate
    SCCM_IconWin_LayoutIcon
    SCCM_IconWin_MakeWBArg
    SCCM_IconWin_MenuCommand
    SCCM_IconWin_NewPath
    SCCM_IconWin_NewPatternNumber
    SCCM_IconWin_NewViewMode
    SCCM_IconWin_Open
    SCCM_IconWin_RawKey
    SCCM_IconWin_ReadIcon
    SCCM_IconWin_ReadIconList
    SCCM_IconWin_Redraw
    SCCM_IconWin_RemFromControlBar
    SCCM_IconWin_RemFromStatusBar
    SCCM_IconWin_RemIcon
    SCCM_IconWin_ScheduleUpdate
    SCCM_IconWin_SetVirtSize
    SCCM_IconWin_ShowGadgetToolTip
    SCCM_IconWin_ShowIconToolTip
    SCCM_IconWin_ShowPopupMenu
    SCCM_IconWin_Sleep
    SCCM_IconWin_StartNotify
    SCCM_IconWin_Update
    SCCM_IconWin_UpdateIcon
    SCCM_IconWin_UpdateControlBar
    SCCM_IconWin_UpdateStatusBar
    SCCM_IconWin_WakeUp


        NAME

            --background

            DESCRIPTION
            This class implements the functionality for the common workbench
            icon windows.

            ATTRIBUTES
            SCCA_IconWin_Reading - (BOOL) [SG]
            currently reading directory

            SCCA_IconWin_SelectedCount - (ULONG) [SG]
            number of selected icons in window

            SCCA_IconWin_Typing - (BOOL) [SG]
            user is currently tying icon name

            SCCA_IconWin_ShowType - (ULONG) [SG]
            DDFLAGS_SHOWDEFAULT, DDFLAGS_SHOWICONS, or DDFLAGS_SHOWALL

            SCCA_IconWin_InnerWidth - (ULONG) [.G]
            icon window inner width

            SCCA_IconWin_InnerHeight - (ULONG) [.G]
            icon window inner height

            SCCA_IconWin_IconFont - (struct TextFont *) [.G]
            icon window icon font

            SCCA_IconWin_LayersLocked - (ULONG) [.G]
            Flag: icon window has Layers locked

            SCCA_IconWin_StatusBar - (BOOL) [SG]
            Flag: Status bar is present

            SCCA_IconWin_ThumbnailView - (ULONG) [SG]
            Thumbnail display mode. One of THUMBNAILS_Never,
            THUMBNAILS_Always, or THUMBNAILS_AsDefault.
            Any other value makes the window use the default value,
            as set in Scalos preferences.


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconDown

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconDown);

         
        FUNCTION
            Starting from the first icon currently selected, the icon located
            directly below the selected will be activated.
            If there is no icon selected, or the selected icon is located in
            the bottommost row, the method is a no-op.

        INPUTS
            None

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconUp
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconLeft
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconRight


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconLeft

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconLeft);

         
        FUNCTION
            Starting from the first icon currently selected, the icon located
            directly left of the selected will be activated.
            If there is no icon selected, or the selected icon is located in
            the leftmost column, the method is a no-op.

        INPUTS
            None

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconDown
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconUp
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconRight


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconNext

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconNext);

         
        FUNCTION
            Starting from the first icon currently selected, the icon which
            alphabetically follows the name of the selected one
            will be activated.
            If there is no icon selected, the alphabetically first
            icon will be selected.
            If the currently activated icon is the alphabetically last one in
            the window, this method will wrap around and activate the
            alphabetically first one.

        INPUTS
            None

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconPrevious


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconPrevious

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconPrevious);

         
        FUNCTION
            Starting from the first icon currently selected, the icon which
            alphabetically precedes the name of the selected one
            will be activated.
            If there is no icon selected, the alphabetically last
            icon will be selected.
            If the currently activated icon is the alphabetically first one in
            the window, this method will wrap around and activate the
            alphabetically last one.

        INPUTS
            None

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconNext


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconRight

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconRight);

         
        FUNCTION
            Starting from the first icon currently selected, the icon located
            directly right of the selected will be activated.
            If there is no icon selected, or the selected icon is located in
            the rightmost column, the method is a no-op.

        INPUTS
            None

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconDown
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconUp
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconLeft


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconUp

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconUp);

         
        FUNCTION
            Starting from the first icon currently selected, the icon located
            directly above the selected will be activated.
            If there is no icon selected, or the selected icon is located in
            the topmost row, the method is a no-op.

        INPUTS
            None

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconDown
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconLeft
            SCCM_IconWin_ActivateIconRight


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_AddGadget

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_AddGadget,struct Gadget *g);

         
        FUNCTION
            Inserts a user-supplied Intuition Gadget at the front
            of the internal Gadget list.

        INPUTS
            Gadget - User-supplied Gadget

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_AddIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	struct ScaIconNode *icon = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_AddIcon,
        		WORD x,WORD y,BPTR Lock,CONST_STRPTR Name);

         
        FUNCTION
            Causes a window task to load the specified selected icon.

        INPUTS
            x - icon x position or $8000 for any position
            y - icon y position
            Lock - Lock on icon directory
            Name - icon name

        RESULT
            icon - newly added ScaIconNode or NULL if something went wrong.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_AddToControlBar

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_AddToControlBar,struct Gadget *g,
        		ULONG Tag, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Adds a new BOOPSI gadget to the window control bar.

        INPUTS
            g - new Gadget to be added
            Tag - Taglist

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_RemFromControlBar


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_AddToStatusBar

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_AddToStatusBar,struct Gadget *g,
        		ULONG Tag, ...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Adds a new BOOPSI gadget to the window status bar.

        INPUTS
            g - new Gadget to be added
            Tag - Taglist

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_RemFromStatusBar


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_Browse

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_Browse);

         
        FUNCTION
            Opens an ASL requester that allows selection of a new
            path to display in the current window.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ScheduleUpdate

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ScheduleUpdate);

         
        FUNCTION
            Schedule a check of the window for updated files and perform
            updates, including adding and removing icons.
            This real update check will be delayed for about 2 seconds in
            order to avoid many rapidly repeated window updates, and is done
            via the SCCM_IconWin_ImmediateCheckUpdate method.
            These 2 seconds are restarted with each new
            SCCM_IconWin_ScheduleUpdate invokation.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_ImmediateCheckUpdate


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUp

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_CleanUp);

         
        FUNCTION
            Fits all window icons to free positions, including icons in
            wt_LateIconList. Prevents icons from overlapping each other.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByDate

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByDate);

         
        FUNCTION
            Sorts all window icons descending by date, and fits them to free
            positions, including icons in wt_LateIconList.
            Prevents icons from overlapping each other.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByName
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpBySize
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByType


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByName

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByName);

         
        FUNCTION
            Sorts all window icons ascending by name, and fits them to free
            positions, including icons in wt_LateIconList.
            Prevents icons from overlapping each other.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByDate
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpBySize
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByType


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpBySize

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpBySize);

         
        FUNCTION
            Sorts all window icons ascending by size, and fits them to free
            positions, including icons in wt_LateIconList.
            Prevents icons from overlapping each other.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByDate
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByName
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByType


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByType

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByType);

         
        FUNCTION
            Sorts all window icons ascending by type, and fits them to free
            positions, including icons in wt_LateIconList.
            Prevents icons from overlapping each other.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByDate
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpByName
            SCCM_IconWin_CleanUpBySize


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ClearIconFileTypes

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ClearIconFileTypes);

         
        FUNCTION
            Clears the filetype information for all windows in the icon
            window. Useful if filetype information hasd changed
            and has to be re-read.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_CountWBArg

        SYNOPSIS

        	ULONG Count = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_CountWBArg,
        		struct ScaIconNode *icon);

         
        FUNCTION
            Count arguments that will be crated by SCCM_IconWin_MakeWBArg.
            Useful to allocate a WBArg buffer for SCCM_IconWin_MakeWBArg.

        INPUTS
            icon - icon to make WBArg from
            if icon = NULL, return WBArg with wa_Lock = copy of
            window lock and wa_Name = NULL

        RESULT
            Count - number of WBArg's that SCCM_IconWin_MakeWBArg will create

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_MakeWBArg


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_DeltaMove

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_DeltaMove,LONG deltaX,LONG deltaY);

         
        FUNCTION
            Moves window interior by (deltaX,deltaY) and adjusts
            scrollers accordingly.

        INPUTS
            deltaX - movement in horizontal direction
            deltaY - movement in vertical direction

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_DragDrop

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_DragDrop,struct Window *dropWindow,
        		ULONG mouseX,ULONG mouseY,ULONG Qualifier);

         
        FUNCTION
            Drops all dragged icons into (dropWindow) at coordinates
            (mouseX,MouseY).

        INPUTS
            dropWindow - Intuition window to drop in
            mouseX - mouse x position from IntuiMessage
            mouseY - mouse y position from IntuiMessage
            Qualifier - qualifier position from IntuiMessage

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_DragEnter

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_DragEnter, struct ScaWindowStruct *StartWin,
        		struct ScaIconNode *Icon, ULONG MouseX, ULONG MouseY)

         
        FUNCTION
            Signals destination window that mouse pointer with attached
            icons has entered the window area (drage_Icon = NULL) or
            now points to icon (drage_Icon).

        INPUTS
            StartWin - scalos window from which dragging started
            Icon -icon under mouse pointer
            MouseX, MouseY - mouse coordinates.

        RESULT
            nothing

        NOTE
            It is VERY IMPORTANT that every SCCM_IconWin_DragEnter (icon
            or window) is paired with a corresponding
            SCCM_IconWin_DragLeave method (icon or window) call !!!

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_DragLeave


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_DragQuery

        SYNOPSIS

        	BOOL DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_DragQuery, struct ScaWindowStruct *StartWin,
        		struct ScaIconNode *Icon, ULONG MouseX, ULONG MouseY)

         
        FUNCTION
            Check whether icons may be dropped into our window
            or onto specified icon.

        INPUTS
            StartWin - scalos window from which dragging started
            Icon -icon under mouse pointer
            MouseX, MouseY - mouse coordinates.

        RESULT
            BOOL
            TRUE yes, we may drop here
            FALSE no, dropping not allowed

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_DragLeave

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_DragLeave, struct ScaWindowStruct *StartWin,
        		struct ScaIconNode *Icon, ULONG MouseX, ULONG MouseY);

         
        FUNCTION
            Signals destination window that mouse pointer with attached
            icons has left the window area (drage_Icon = NULL) or
            now points no longer to icon (drage_Icon).

        INPUTS
            StartWin - scalos window from which dragging started
            Icon -icon under mouse pointer
            MouseX, MouseY - mouse coordinates.

        RESULT
            nothing

        NOTE
            It is VERY IMPORTANT that every SCCM_IconWin_DragEnter (icon
            or window) is paired with a corresponding
            SCCM_IconWin_DragLeaveDrag method (icon or window) call !!!

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_DragEnter


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_DrawIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	ULONG Result = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_DrawIcon,Object *IconObject);

         
        FUNCTION
            Draws (IconObject) in window by invoking IDTM_Draw method with icon

        INPUTS
            IconObject - Icon to be drawn

        RESULT
            Result - result from IDTM_Draw

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_GetDefIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	Object *icon = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_GetDefIcon,CONST_STRPTR Name,
        		LONG Type,ULONG Protection);

         
        FUNCTION
            Tries to get a default icon for the specified file. Calls
            iconobject.library/GetDefIconObject and returns result.

        INPUTS
            Name - file name
            Type - file type (fib_DirEntryType from FileInfoBlock)
            Protection - file protection (fib_Protection from FileInfoBlock)

        RESULT
            icon - default Icon IconObject

        SEE ALSO
            iconobject.library/GetDefIconObject


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_GetIconFileType

        SYNOPSIS

        	Object *icon = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_GetIconFileType,
        		struct ScaIconNode *icon);

         
        FUNCTION
            Identifies object for icon, find the appropriate filetype
            and setup the in_FileType member of ScaIconNode.

        INPUTS
            icon - icon to find filetype for.

        RESULT
            icon - default Icon IconObject

        SEE ALSO
            iconobject.library/GetDefIconObject


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_History_Back

        SYNOPSIS

        	Object *icon = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_History_Back);

         
        FUNCTION
            Move one step backwards in the history of the window contents,
            and switch to display the contents of the path from the history
            using the current view mode.
            Does nothing if the current view is already the oldest one
            in the window history.

        INPUTS
            None.

        RESULT
            None.

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_History_Forward


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_History_Forward

        SYNOPSIS

        	Object *icon = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_History_Forward);

         
        FUNCTION
            Move one step forward in the history of the window contents,
            and switch to display the contents of the path from the history
            using the current view mode.
            Does nothing if the current view is already the most recent one
            in the window history.

        INPUTS
            None.

        RESULT
            None.

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_History_Back


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ImmediateCheckUpdate

        SYNOPSIS

        	Object *icon = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ImmediateCheckUpdate);

         
        FUNCTION
            Scan directory associated to this window and check for any changes
            between the display and the disk contents. If any changes are found,
            icons are added, removed, or replaced as necessary.

        INPUTS
            None

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_ScheduleUpdate


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_LayoutIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	ULONG Result = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_LayoutIcon,Object *IconObject,
        		ULONG LayoutFlags);

         
        FUNCTION
            Prepares an IconObject to be rendered.

        INPUTS
            IconObject - icon to be layouted
            LayoutFlags
            IOLAYOUTB_NormalImage // Layout normal Image
            IOLAYOUTB_SelectedImage // Layout selected Image

        RESULT
            Result - result from IDTM_Layout

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_MakeWBArg

        SYNOPSIS

        	ULONG Count = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_MakeWBArg,
        		struct ScaIconNode *icon, struct WBArg *Buffer);

         
        FUNCTION
            Fill a WBArg structure (wa_Lock and wa_Name) from the given icon or
            from the window.

        INPUTS
            icon - icon to make WBArg from
            if icon = NULL, return WBArg with wa_Lock = copy of
            window lock and wa_Name = NULL
            Buffer - Result buffer with at least enough room for one WBArg.

        RESULT
            Count - number of successfully created WBArg's in (Buffer)

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_CountWBArg


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_MenuCommand

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_MenuCommand,CONST_STRPTR CmdName, 
        		struct ScaIconNode *icon, BOOL state);

         
        FUNCTION


        INPUTS
            CmdName - command name
            icon - icon to apply command to
            state - ?

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_NewPath

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_NewPath,CONST_STRPTR path,ULONG tags,...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Change contents in existing window to display the given new path.

        INPUTS
            path - command name
            tags - tag list. Supported tags are:
            SCA_ShowAllMode - one of the workbench DDFLAGS_* values.
            SCA_ViewModes - one of the workbench DDVM_BY* values
            SCA_XOffset - (LONG) Window X offset
            SCA_YOffset - (LONG) Window Y offset
            SCA_IconList - (struct ScaIconNode *) pregenerated icon list

        RESULT
            Success - FALSE on failure, TRUE to indiciate success.

        SEE ALSO
            scalosAPI/SM_NewWindowPath


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_NewPatternNumber

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_NewPatternNumber,ULONG NewPatternNumber);

         
        FUNCTION


        INPUTS
            NewPatternNumber - Instruct Scalos to use a new background for the
            current icon window. Special constant can be specified to
            use one of the predefined default patterns:

            PATTERNNR_WorkbenchDefault use default Workbench
            window background.
            PATTERNNR_IconWindowDefault use default icon window
            background pattern.
            PATTERNNR_TextWindowDefault use default text window
            pattern.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_NewViewMode

        SYNOPSIS

        	Object *WindowObj = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_NewViewMode,
        		ULONG ViewMode);

         
        FUNCTION
            changes window view mode from text to icon and vice versa.

        INPUTS
            ViewMode - new window view mode

        RESULT
            WindowObj - IconWindow.sca subclass object if window class
            changes from text to icon or vice versa
            NULL if window class is not changed.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_Open

        SYNOPSIS

        	BOOL Success = DoMethod(obj, SCCM_IconWin_Open, struct ScaIconNode *icon, ULONG Flags);

         
        FUNCTION
            perform &quot;open&quot; function on (icon)

        INPUTS
            icon - icon to open
            Flags - ICONWINOPENF_IgnoreFileTypes -- always OPEN icon, ignore
            file type settings.
            ICONWINOPENF_NewWindow -- open drawers in new window, regardless
            of browser mode.

        RESULT
            Success - TRUE if new window could be opened
            FALSE if anything went wrong

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_RawKey

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_RawKey,struct IntuiMessage *iMsg);

         
        FUNCTION
            Processes Intuition IDCMP_RAWKEY events.

        INPUTS
            iMsg - IntuiMessage

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ReadIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	struct ScaIconNode *icon = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ReadIcon,
        			CONST_STRPTR name, struct ScaReadIconArg *ria);

         
        FUNCTION
            Read one icon, add it to the window icon list, and display it.
            If an icon with the same name already exists it is replaced.
            If no icon could be created, i.e. because the file system
            object is no longer present, any existing icon is removed
            from the window.
            The intended use of this method is to update icon window after
            change in file system, i.e. add file, remove file, or change file.

        INPUTS
            name - name of the icon
            ria - pointer to struct ScaReadIconArg with information about x/y icon
            position, and optional Lock on parent directory.
            ria may be NULL.

        RESULT
            icon - newly created ScaIconNode or NULL if something went wrong.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ReadIconList

        SYNOPSIS

        	BOOL Error = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ReadIconList,ULONG flags);

         
        FUNCTION
            Read all icons in directory into window.

        INPUTS
            flags - SCCV_IconWin_ReadIconList_ShowAll = show all files

        RESULT
            Error - non-zero value if anything went wrong

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_Redraw

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_Redraw,ULONG flags);

         
        FUNCTION
            redraws window

        INPUTS
            flags
            REDRAWB_DontEraseWindow : don't erase window before redraw
            REDRAWB_ReLayoutIcons : relayout icons
            REDRAWB_DontRefreshWindowFrame : do not refresh window frame

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_RemIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_RemIcon,BPTR Lock, CONSTR_STRPTR Name);

         
        FUNCTION
            Remove specified icon from window

        INPUTS
            Lock - Lock on icon directory
            Name - Name of icon to remove

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_RemFromControlBar

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_RemFromControlBar,struct Gadget *g);

         
        FUNCTION
            Remove specified Gadget from window control bar, and disposes it.

        INPUTS
            g - Gadget to remove from control bar

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_AddToControlBar


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_RemFromStatusBar

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_RemFromStatusBar,struct Gadget *g);

         
        FUNCTION
            Remove specified Gadget from window status bar, and disposes it.

        INPUTS
            g - Gadget to remove from status bar

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_IconWin_AddToStatusBar


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_SetVirtSize

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_SetVirtSize,ULONG Flags);

         
        FUNCTION
            Calculate bounding rectangle of all icons in window and optionally
            adjust window scrollers accordingly.

        INPUTS
            Flags
            SETVIRTF_AdjustRightSlider = adjust right (vertical) slider
            SETVIRTF_AdjustBottomSlider = set bottom (horizontal) slider

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ShowIconToolTip

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ShowGadgetToolTip, ULONG gadgetID);

         
        FUNCTION
            Display tool tip window for (gadgetID).

        INPUTS
            gadgetID - GadgetID of gadget to display tool tip for.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ShowIconToolTip

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ShowIconToolTip,
        		struct ScaIconNode *icon);

         
        FUNCTION
            Display icon tool tip window for (icon).

        INPUTS
            icon - icon to display tool tip for.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_Sleep

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_Sleep);

         
        FUNCTION
            Iconify window and add AppIcon to Workbench.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_StartNotify

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_StartNotify);

         
        FUNCTION
            Cancel any existing drawer notification for this window,
            and install a new notification.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            Success - TRUE if notification successfully started, FALSE on failure.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_Update

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_Update);

         
        FUNCTION
            Re-read all icons into window and redraw window.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            ?

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_UpdateIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_UpdateIcon,BPTR Lock,CONST_STRPTR Name);

         
        FUNCTION
            Update and redisplay icon.

        INPUTS
            Lock - Lock to icon directory
            Name - name of icon

        RESULT
            ?

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_UpdateControlBar

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_UpdateControlBar,struct Gadget *g,ULONG Tags,...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Update window control bar member gadget. Applies OM_SET method with
            the supplied taglist to member gadget.

        INPUTS
            g - Control bar member gadget to update
            Tags - Taglist

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_UpdateStatusBar

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_UpdateStatusBar,struct Gadget *g,ULONG Tags,...);

         
        FUNCTION
            Update window status bar member gadget. Applies OM_SET method with
            the supplied taglist to member gadget.

        INPUTS
            g - Status bar member gadget to update
            Tags - Taglist

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_WakeUp

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_WakeUp,ULONG ReLayout);

         
        FUNCTION
            Uniconify and open iconified window.

        INPUTS
            ReLayout - TRUE if all icons of the window should be relayouted

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_IconWin_ShowPopupMenu

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_IconWin_ShowPopupMenu,
        		struct PopupMenu *pm, struct ScaIconNode *in, 
        		ULONG Flags, struct FileTypeDef *fType);

         
        FUNCTION
            Show a popup menu and execute the user's menu command.

        INPUTS
            pm - Popup menu to display.
            in - Scalos icon node the popup menu should be associated to.
            Can be NULL for window popup menus.
            Flags - Show which items are still locked and HAVE TO BE UNLOCKED
            during processing.
            SHOWPOPUPFLGF_IconSemaLocked - wt_IconSemaphore is still locked
            SHOWPOPUPFLGF_WinListLocked - Scalos window list is still locked.
            fType - Private data structure for support of file type specific
            popup menus. Should be NULL if unused.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


==== textwindow ====

    --background
    SCCM_TextWin_BeginUpdate
    SCCM_TextWin_DrawColumnHeaders
    SCCM_TextWin_EndUpdate
    SCCM_TextWin_InsertIcon
    SCCM_TextWin_ReAdjust


        NAME

            --background

            DESCRIPTION
            This class implements the text-only Scalos windows. Most
            functionality is derived from IconWindow.sca but there are
            some special methods described below.


        NAME

            SCCM_TextWin_BeginUpdate

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_TextWin_BeginUpdate);

         
        FUNCTION
            hold all visible updates until SCCM_TextWin_EndUpdate

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_TextWin_EndUpdate


        NAME

            SCCM_TextWin_DrawColumnHeaders

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_TextWin_DrawColumnHeaders);

         
        FUNCTION
            Redraws text window column headers.

        INPUTS
            nothing

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_TextWin_EndUpdate

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_TextWin_EndUpdate,ULONG RefreshFlag);

         
        FUNCTION
            Unlock window updates and optionally rebuild window contents.

        INPUTS
            RefreshFlag - if TRUE,
            forces window to perform SCCM_TextWin_ReAdjust.

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO
            SCCM_TextWin_BeginUpdate


        NAME

            SCCM_TextWin_InsertIcon

        SYNOPSIS

        	DoMethod(obj,SCCM_TextWin_InsertIcon,struct ScaIconNode *in);

         
        FUNCTION
            The ScaIconNode is inserted into the text window icon list,
            according to the current sorting order.
            If an icon with the same name already exists, it is replaced.

        INPUTS
            in - ScaIconNode which is to inserted into the
            sorted icon list if the text window.

        RESULT
            nothing


        NAME

            SCCM_TextWin_ReAdjust

        SYNOPSIS

        	void DoMethod(obj,SCCM_TextWin_ReAdjust);

         
        FUNCTION
            Rebuilds text window. Entries are re-sorted, all column headers
            and text gadgets are redrawn and the scrollers are adjusted.

        INPUTS
            none

        RESULT
            nothing

        SEE ALSO


==== title ====


    --background
    SCCM_Title_Generate
    SCCM_Title_Query
    SCCM_Title_QueryTitle
    SCCM_Title_Translate


        NAME

            --background

            DESCRIPTION
            This class implements the screen title and window title functionality.


        TAGS
            SCCA_Title_Format (CONST_STRPTR) -- Format string for the title.
            This string is processed, replacing all the &quot;%&quot; variables
            with their values.

            Standard title variables:

            &quot;%os&quot; Kickstart release (e.g. &quot;3.1&quot;)
            &quot;%wb&quot; Scalos release (e.g. &quot;1.3&quot;)
            &quot;%ov&quot; Kickstart version (e.g. &quot;40.68&quot;)
            &quot;%wv&quot; Scalos version (e.g. &quot;40.6&quot;)
            &quot;%fc&quot; * Free chip RAM in bytes
            &quot;%ff&quot; * Free fast RAM in bytes
            &quot;%ft&quot; * Total free RAM in bytes
            &quot;%pa&quot; Window's path
            &quot;%df&quot; * Free disk space in bytes
            &quot;%DF&quot; Free disk space, displayed in GBytes/MBytes/KBytes
            &quot;%du&quot; * Used disk space in bytes
            &quot;%DU&quot; Used disk space, displayed in GBytes/MBytes/KBytes
            &quot;%d(&quot; start: don't show if no disk inserted
            &quot;%d)&quot; stop: don't show if no disk inserted
            &quot;%dp&quot; percentage of disk space used
            &quot;%cs&quot; Chip set
            &quot;%cp&quot; Processor
            &quot;%pr&quot; CoProzessor
            &quot;%nt&quot; number of tasks
            &quot;%nl&quot; number of libraries
            &quot;%np&quot; number of message ports
            &quot;%nd&quot; number of devices
            &quot;%ns&quot; number of screens

            Variables marked with &quot;*&quot; may optionally immediately be followed
            by a scaling modifier &quot;0&quot; .. &quot;6&quot; :
            0 Values is displayed in bytes.
            1 Values is displayed in KBytes.
            2 Values is displayed in MBytes.
            3 Values is displayed in GBytes.
            4 Values is displayed in TBytes.
            5 Values is displayed in PBytes.
            6 Values is displayed in HBytes.

            Applicability is (IS).


            SCCA_Title_Type (ULONG) -- type of title

            SCCV_Title_Type_Screen -- Screen title (default)
            SCCV_Title_Type_Window -- Window title

            Applicability is (I).


        NAME

            SCCM_Title_Generate

        SYNOPSIS

        	STRPTR GeneratedTitle = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Title_Generate);

         
        FUNCTION
            Parses internal TitleFormat string and generates ready-to-use title
            text in internal buffer.

        INPUTS
            -

        RESULT
            GeneratedTitle - String pointer to generated title

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Title_Query

        SYNOPSIS

        	BOOL NeedRefresh = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Title_Query, UWORD ParseID);

         
        FUNCTION
            Check whether variable text has changed and needs to be refreshed.

        INPUTS
            ParseID - contains the two-character variable name, e.g. &quot;os&quot;

        RESULT
            NeedRefresh - non-zero value if title string has changed, i.e.
            needs to be refreshed.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Title_QueryTitle

        SYNOPSIS

        	BOOL NeedRefresh = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Title_QueryTitle);

         
        FUNCTION
            Check whether title has changed and needs to bed refreshed.

        INPUTS
            -

        RESULT
            NeedRefresh - non-zero value if title string has changed, i.e.
            needs to be refreshed.

        SEE ALSO


        NAME

            SCCM_Title_Translate

        SYNOPSIS

        	BOOL Success = DoMethod(obj,SCCM_Title_Translate, STRPTR Buffer, 
        		CONST_STRPTR TitleFormat, UWORD ParseID, UWORD Length);

         
        FUNCTION
            Processes one title format variable and generates expanded text
            into buffer provided by caller.

        INPUTS
            Buffer - Pointer to a buffer where the expanded text will be stored.
            This pointer gets updated during method execution !!
            TitleFormat - pointer into title format string, immediately after the
            variable name.
            This pointer gets updated during method execution !!
            ParseID - contains the two-character variable name, e.g. &quot;os&quot;
            Length - The number of bytes that fit into Buffer. Beware of writing
            more than (Length) Bytes into Buffer!

        RESULT
            Success - a non-zero value indicates translation was successful.
            a zero value signals some kind of error (e.g. unknown
            ParseID or insufficient Length).

        SEE ALSO


=== preferences.library ===

=== iconobject.library ===

=== iconobject.datatype ===


==A technical overview of AROS==


=== History ===


&lt;pre&gt;
Additions/changes:

 40.32	20040917	JL	- Bugfix: simple-refresh window redraw failed when 
				  issueing some menu commands, e.g. &quot;open parent&quot;.
	20040908	JL	- Bugfix: renaming left-out icons sometimes caused random 
				  memory to be trashed. fixed.
				- Bugfix: renaming left-out icons caused Scalos processes 
				  to hang due to semaphore deadlocks.
				- Bugfix: cured semaphore deadlock that sometimes occured 
				  when automatic window update collided with some user 
				  action, e.g. opening a popup menu.
	20040828	JL	- Bugfix: with TrueType fonts, having one softlink in a 
				  text window caused all entries to be displayed underlined.
				- Added new internal commands &quot;iconproperties&quot; and 
				  &quot;windowproperties&quot; (Requires iconproperties.module 
				  and windowproperties.nodule).
				- Bugfix: drag&amp;drop left garbage on screen if custom bob 
				  routines were used and &quot;special&quot; bob (e.g. &quot;forbidden&quot; 
				  or &quot;copying&quot;) was visible and was larger than main bob.
	20040716	JL	- Added new qualifier during D&amp;D to force moving of 
				  file system objects (instead of copying).
				- Implemented the long-planned &quot;Create link&quot; on D&amp;D feature.
				- Bugfix: default icons were not shown transparent if 
				  D&amp;D &quot;real transparency&quot; wasn't turned on.
	20040625	JL	- When copying icons, the &quot;replace all&quot;, &quot;skip all&quot;, 
				  and &quot;abort&quot; buttons of the overwrite request didn't work.
	20040612	JL	- Automatic update of windows caused enforcer hit and 
				  crashes if the modified files containes special 
				  pattern-matching characters in their names (e.g. &quot;()[]#?|&quot;).
	20040602	JL	- Fixed long-standing bug that caused Scalos to lockup 
				  when an icon was selected while a new window was 
				  initially reading its icons.
				- About dialog sometimes opened with maximum screen width, 
				  but without any contents in the scrolling field. Fixed.
	20040527	JL	- Closing an icon window while it was initially reading 
				  its directory caused Enforcer hits and crashed 
				  Scalos. Fixed.
	20040523	JL	- Added TrueType font support. TT Fonts can be used for 
				  icons, text windows, tooltips, and the &quot;About&quot; window.
	20040519	JL	- Menu selection &quot;leave out&quot; (not from popup menu) 
				  caused enforcer hits when issued from &quot;View all&quot; 
				  text window. Fixed.
	20040425	JL	- Added CRC checks over prefs files. Now writing 
				  a prefs file only causes re-reading of prefs and 
				  reinitialization if file contents has actually changed.
	20040424	JL	- Disk Read-Only status display is now updated when 
				  disk is inserted.
	20040419	JL	- Icons without associated object were displayed 
				  incorrectly after window update. Fixed.
				- Bumped revision to 40.32.

 40.31	20040322	JL	- Default icons were not recognized on main window. This 
				  bug could show up after dragging default icons from 
				  some drawer window onto the desktop.
	20040221	JL	- Improved caching of filetype descriptors. With &quot;env-handler&quot;, 
				  all filetypes were flushed from cache whenever a new 
				  filetype was loaded from ENVARC: to ENV:.
	20040216	JL	- Internal command &quot;reset&quot; didn't work correctly. Fixed.
	20040214	JL	- Icons were not updated correctly after change of file 
				  comment of rename with change of case 
				  only (e.g. &quot;amiga&quot; to &quot;Amiga&quot;).
	20040211	JL	- Icon selection marks for popup menu could be drawn in 
				  incorrect window when &quot;Apply to every selected icon&quot; 
				  is enabled.
				- Fixed various problems with left-out icons (different 
				  icons with same name were not handled correctly, 
				  left-out icons were not updated as intended).
	20040210	JL	- &quot;Mac-like selection&quot; was broken. Fixed.
	20040206	JL	- &quot;Snapshot window&quot; didn't work if there was no 
				  icon present for window.
	20040126	JL	- Main window didn't allow multiple icons with same 
				  name (e.g. left-out icons from different paths). Fixed.
				- Bumped revision to 40.31.

 40.30	20040123	JL	- In &quot;view all&quot; text windows, &quot;Leave out&quot; icon &quot;xxx&quot; now 
				  removes both &quot;xxx&quot; and &quot;xxx.info&quot; from text window, and 
				  &quot;Put away&quot; causes both entries to reappear.
				- Now text window SCCM_IconWin_ReadIcon method correctly 
				  handles increase in column width.
				- All &quot;cleanup**&quot; menu commands are now disabled 
				  in text windows.
				- Fixed enable/disable state of &quot;leave out&quot; and &quot;put away&quot; 
				  menu commands for &quot;view all&quot; text windows.
				- &quot;selectall&quot; menu command is now disabled if 
				  all icons are selected.
				- &quot;clearselection&quot; menu command is now disabled if no 
				  icon is selected.
	20040122	JL	- Text windows now automatically update object associated 
				  entries if an icon is removed or added.
	20040118	JL	- Fixed internal locking during reading and parsing 
				  of Scalos filetypes descriptions.
				- AppIcons no longer can get &quot;Default Icon&quot; attribute.
	20040111	JL	- Default icons may be drawn with adjustable
				  degree of transparency.
				- Added support for MorphOS-style iconify gadgets. This 
				  fixed any visual distortion of iconify Gadgets under MorphOS.
	20040109	JL	- When loading default icons, Scalos now adds information 
				  about the original object (Path+Name) for usage by 
				  the iconobject datatypes.
	20040105	JL	- Made icon dd_Flags handling more flexible, so OS3.9 CD 
				  drawers open with correct viewmodes (WB handles 
				  invalid values of &quot;3&quot; like DDFLAGS_SHOWALL).
				- Scalos didn't handle default icons from icon drawer 
				  (e.g. def_drawer.info) correctly. Without separate 
				  DefIcons installed, only the icon.library built-in 
				  icons were used.
	20040104	JL	- Added &quot;skip all&quot; gadget to standard copy/move 
				  &quot;replace&quot; dialog.
				- Fixed enforcer hits/crashes when starting Scalos 
				  while Scalos is already running.
				- Added new ScalosControlA() tags 
				  SCALOSCTRLA_GetCopyBuffSize and 
				  SCALOSCTRLA_SetCopyBuffSize.
	20040101	JL	- Added preferences item to set default stack size.
				- FileTypes code assumed that popupmenu.library was open, 
				  leading to crashes on machines where that library was 
				  not installed.
				- Bumped revision to 40.30.
		
 40.29	20031230	JL	- Added full support for alpha channel icon drawing, 
				  including drag&amp;drop (&quot;Custom&quot; bob routines only).
				- Memory for default action in filetype descriptions was 
				  freed while not in use. Fixed.
				- Filetype descriptions are now cached, in order to 
				  improve performance.
				- Starting WB programs left 2 locks dangling. Fixed.
	20031226	JL	- updated &quot;%os&quot; title function to recognize OS 3.5 
				  and OS 3.9.
				- Made localizable string for &quot;BUSY&quot; disks.
				- Popupmenu items now show default action (the action 
				  that is taken upon double-click) in bold text.
	20031222	JL	- Optimization of Drag-and-Drop bobs was broken, leading 
				  to very sluggish drawing of bobs when dragging 
				  multiple icons.
	20031208	JL	- Changed directory for Scalos filetype descriptors
				  from &quot;Scalos:FileTypes/&quot; to &quot;ENV:Scalos/FileTypes/&quot;. For 
				  compatibility, Scalos still looks in the old place if the
				  new directory cannot be found.
	20031202	JL	- In Text window, icon update erroneously changed type 
				  from &quot;WBGARBAGE&quot; to &quot;WBDRAWER&quot;.
	20031117	JL	- Fixed incorrect update of icons in text windows 
				  in &quot;view all&quot; mode.
	20030727	JL	- To provide a visual hint that popup menu commands only 
				  apply to the icon under the pointer, all other selected 
				  icons are temporarily deselected while the popup menu 
				  is open.
				- Added keyboard qualifier to apply popup menu commands to 
				  every selected icon, instead of only the icon under 
				  the mouse pointer.
	20030711	JL	- Fixed long delay upon startup when splash window was 
				  turned off.
				- Bugfix: selecting an icon in one window, then changing 
				  to another window, and hitting &quot;enter&quot; caused Scalos 
				  to crash with &quot;invalid semaphore state&quot; errors.
	20030628	JL	- Fixed several memory leaks associated with 
				  filetype-dependent popup menus and tooltips.
	20030618	JL	- In Window popup menus, &quot;view by text/name&quot; never 
				  displayed a checkmark.
	20030616	JL	- Drawers opened from text view windows did not correctly 
				  inherit the &quot;view all&quot; attribute.
				- Corrected minor typo in About window &quot;100%&quot; was lacking 
				  the percent sign.
	20030615	JL	- Bumped revision to 40.29.
		

 40.28	20030612	JL	- Major improvement in text view window update - now works 
				  the same way as icon window update, only the changed 
				  items are redrawn.
	20030531	JL	- Bugfix; In text view windows, it was erronously 
				  possible to &quot;snapshot&quot; and &quot;unsnapshot&quot; icons. 
	20030529	JL	- Bugfix: In text view windows, no file comments 
				  were displayed.
	20030525	JL	- In text view windows, Scalos had problems recognizing 
				  default tool entries for project icons. Fixed.
	20030517	JL	- Text icon IDTA_Type returned wrong icon type 
				  for WBGARBAGE (Trashcan) icons.
	20030502	JL	- Major improvements to SCA_OpenIconWindow(). Now Scalos 
				  tries hard to find the appropriate icon for the window 
				  to be opened. If an icon is to be found, the window 
				  settings are taken from the icon.
	20030423	JL	- Text windows didn't recognize window resize events 
				  during reading of icons. Fixed.
	20030421	JL	- Rewrote context-sensitive disabling of menu items.
	20030420	JL	- Added requester to ask user what to do when a project 
				  icon without default tool is encountered.
				 - Added Polish catalog to developer archive, translation 
				   by Paweî Szczodry.
	20030418	JL	- Fixed file count routine in filetransclass. The bug 
				  caused incorrect calculation of total byte/item count 
				  and lead to display of more than 100% completion with 
				  nonsense values for &quot;remaining time&quot;.
				- Removed display of every single item copied in 
				  filetrans copy/move requester. This optimization greatly 
				  improved copying speed.
	20030327	JL	- Added new method &quot;SCCM_FileTrans_OverwriteRequest&quot;
				  for FileTrans.sca class.
	20030301	JL	- Bugfix: Filetype wasn't set correctly for trashcan.
				- Bugfix: AsyncWB hook wasn't called correctly 
				  for &quot;Empty Trashcan&quot;.
	20030218	JL	- Bugfix: Program name wasn't handed over to 
				  execute_command.module on icon double-click.
	20030216	JL	- Bugfix: Improved window clipping, now application-drawn 
				  AppIcons no longer draw across non-backdrop Workbench 
				  window border.
	20030211	JL	- Bugfix: When a drawer window was created in iconified 
				  state, it could not be uniconified by double-clicking 
				  its parent drawer.
	20030208	JL	- Bugfix: In 40.27, WBStartup execution of ARexx type 
				  icons was broken. Fixed.
				- Feature: Added display of estimated remaining 
				  time to file copy/move progress dialog.
				- Bumped revision to 40.28.
			
 40.27	20030130	JL	- Bugfix: Window backfill pattern re-layout didn't occur 
				  when &quot;backdrop&quot; was turned on and off.
	20030129	JL	- Bugfix: fixed enforcer hits/crashes during window 
				  zoom/resize when &quot;always relayout&quot; was enabled (code 
				  tried to use ptn_bitmap after FreeBitMap()).
	20030126	JL	- Bugfix: added locking mechanism for asynchronous 
				  backfill to avoid crashes when windows are closed while 
				  async backfill process hasn't finished.
	20030118	JL	- Bugfix: fixed enforcer hits when CLI project icon 
				  contained no default tool.
				- Improvement: Program list now contains full path for 
				  each program started instead of only program name.
				- New feature: Added SCA_ScalosControl() subcommand to 
				  get/free list of menu commands.
	20030111	JL	- Bugfix: Cut+Paste didn't work when AsyncWB was 
				  installed. Fixed.
				- New features: Added new FONT and VALIGN attributes 
				  to TOOLTIP STRING.
				- Bumped revision to 40.27.
		
 40.26	20030104	JL	- Bugfix: &quot;about&quot; produced 2 enforcer hits when no 
				  Scalos logo found.
				- Bugfix: Splash resizing / text positioning was broken 
				  when no Scalos logo was found.
				- Bugfix: window process hung when one of the standard 
				  modules could not be started.
	20030103	JL	- Bugfix: Snapshotting a window which had no icon created 
				  an &quot;.info&quot; instead of an icon with the drawer's name.
				- Bugfix: Windows with virtual width or height &gt; 32768 
				  could produce problems from graphical screen 
				  corruption to system crash.
	20030102	JL	- New feature: Icon tooltips can now be user-defined in 
				  the file type description files. Scalos now supports 
				  file type information plugins, e.g. to display size 
				  information about image files.
	20021221	JL	- Bugfix: During file copy operations, icons could be 
				  overwritten without warning.
	20021209	JL	- Bugfix: TextInputHook wasn't used to run program 
				  without icon - instead always execute_command.module 
				  was called.
				- Bugfix: automatic disabling didn't work for some 
				  main menu items (e.g. &quot;sizetofit&quot; didn't get disabled 
				  in backdrop root window).
				- Bumped revision to 40.26.
			
			
 40.25	20021206	JL	- Added &quot;viewbytype&quot;, &quot;cleanupbyname&quot;, &quot;cleanupbydate&quot;, 
				  &quot;cleanupbysize&quot;, and &quot;cleanupbytype&quot; menu commands.
	20021205	JL	- Fixed Enforcer hits which occured when an ARexx program 
				  ended that had been started from an icon window, and 
				  the icon window had been closed.
	20021130	JL	- Added support for cyling through icons in window 
				  via TAB key.
				- Rebuilt about window code to make use of the 
				  TT layout engine.
				- Fixed bug in SCA_SortNode() - lists with less than 
				  3 entries were not sorted.
	20021116	JL	- Fixed broken close-window abort recognition during 
				  GenerateIcons() icon drawing in window.
	20021019	JL	- The user-defined path for default icons was never 
				  used for iconified Scalos window icons. Now it is taken 
				  as fall-back if there are no theme-specific icons.
	20021018	JL	- Changed sizing method for splash window.
	20021014	JL	- Added new methods SCCM_AddToClipboard and 
				  SCCM_ClearClipboard to root class.
	20021013	JL	- Copy/paste didn't work for volumes/disks. Fixed.
				- Fixed another source for erroneous error messages 
				  during SCCM_FileTrans_Copy and SCCM_FileTrans_Move 
				  operations.
	20021009	JL	- Changes in icon font were not recognized in desktop 
				  window. Fixed.
				- The menu &quot;copy&quot; and &quot;paste&quot; commands trashed the 
				  destination file name. Fixed.
	20021008	JL	- Fixed some enforcer hits and crashed when selecting 
				  some device icons, and then pressing &quot;enter&quot; twice.
	20021006	JL	- Changed location of icons for iconified Scalos window 
				  from &quot;ENV:Sys/def_iconify&quot; to &quot;THEME:window/def_iconify&quot;.
				- LoadWB.scalos now waits until Scalos opens its first
				  window on the Workbench screen before exiting.
				- Now Scalos first tries to load deficons from 
				  &quot;THEME:DefIcons/&quot;. If that fails, the standard 
				  path &quot;ENV:Sys/&quot; is used.
	20021003	JL	- Now uses &quot;titlebarimageclass&quot; for iconify 
				  image if available.
				- changed all makefiles to work with GNU make.
				- Bumped revision to 40.25.
			
			
 40.24	20021003	JL	- Fixed broken ARexx menu command support.
	20021003	JL	- Major improvement of Tooltip layout engine.
				- Added tooltips for several Scalos gadgets, including 
				  the status bar images.
	20020929	JL	- Fixed menu bug where every menu item got a hotkey
				  mark. Now only the menu items which have got hotkeys
				  are shown with hotkey marks.
				- Icon positions were messed up during &quot;cut&quot;, &quot;copy&quot; 
				  and &quot;paste&quot; operations. Fixed.
				- Changed file name for default device icons from 
				  &quot;.info&quot; to &quot;def_.info&quot; in 
				  order to match OS3.9 behaviour.
				- Changed file name for default volume icons from 
				  &quot;.info&quot; to &quot;def_.info&quot; in 
				  order to match OS3.9 behaviour.
				- Added missing SHADOWPEN vertical line to the left 
				  of the window iconify image.
				- The assign &quot;THEME:&quot; isn't touched any more if 
				  it exists prior to Scalos startup.
				- The assign &quot;Scalos:&quot; is created (pointing to PROGDIR:) 
				  on startup if it doesn't exist.
				- Tooltips are no longer displayed if ICandy == 0.
				- Bumped revision to 40.24.
			
			
 40.23	20020928	JL	- Improved handling of &quot;cut&quot; icons (shadowed display got 
				  corrupted). Needs iconobject.datatype 40.7 .
	20020926	JL	- Fixed bug that caused Scalos to crash when an icon
				  was removed during Drag&amp;Drop (e.g. an AppIcon was 
				  removed by its application).
	20020923	JL	- Changed default setting for icon frame type from 
				  MF_FRAME_BUTTON to MF_FRAME_NONE.
	20020921	JL	- Moved special pointer icons (&quot;forbidden&quot;, &quot;copying&quot;, 
				  &quot;makelink&quot;) from ENV:Scalos/ to THEME:PointerIcons/.
	20020915	JL	- Environment variable &quot;scalos/icandy&quot; is recognized
				  if set before Scalos startup. ATM, icandy &lt; 2 turns
				  off splash screen and window status bars.
				  If not set, &quot;Scalos/icandy&quot; gets set with a default
				  value of &quot;2&quot;.
	20020914	JL	- Changing &quot;Fullbench&quot; and &quot;Poptitle&quot; now works 
				  on-the-fly and doesn't require rebooting anymore.
				- Locale (language) preferences can now be changed 
				  on-the-fly, no reboot required anymore.
	20020913	JL	- Fixed erronous message &quot;This drawer cannot be opened&quot;
				  when trying to open a drawer which is already open.
	20020831	JL	- Icon position now always is set to NO_ICON_POSITION
				  for default icons loaded via DefIcons.
	20020825	JL	- Changed default for Workbench &quot;backdrop&quot; to TRUE.
				- Changed tool tip placement - now tool tips are displayed
				  below mouse pointer if space allows.
	20020822	JL	- Added optional process priority field for filetype 
				  specific popup menu commands.
	20020817	JL	- Bugfix in FileCommands.c: since ExNext() result
				  ERROR_NO_MORE_ENTRIES was erronously remembered as
				  error, an incorrect error reason could be displayed 
				  when a &quot;real&quot; error occured.
				- Bumped revision to 40.23.
			
			
 40.22	20020812	JL	- Bugfix with &quot;Show All&quot; windows: icon list was read
				  before window was opened, leading to problems with
				  icon layout (invisible icons).
	20020803	JL	- Fixed problems with file type-specific popup menus 
				  and STACK parameter.
	20020801	JL	- Finished conversion of Scalos Pattern Prefs 
				  from ASM to C.
	20020720	JL	- First implementation of new filetype-specific popup 
				  menu system.
				- Removed obsoleted scalos.library 
				  function SCA_RemapBitmap().
	20020711	JL	- CheckMouseIcon() didn't take window borders into 
				  account, i.e. clicking on window border could cause
				  icon to be selected.
	20020703	JL	- Text icon font changes now take effect immediately,
				  Reboot is not required anymore.
	20020624	JL	- Fixed problem in wbl.c - spawned processes incorrectly
				  inherited the ConsoleTask pointer.
	20020623	JL	- Now SCCM_IconWin_Redraw also refreshes window frame
				  and status bar.
	20020622	JL	- Added image &quot;THEME:Window/StatusBar/ShowAll&quot; to status
				  bar, which visualises the &quot;Show All Files&quot; window 
				  setting.
	20020612	JL	- Fixed bug introduced by optimized pen allocation.
	20020601	JL	- Improved pen allocation in LockScalosPens() - pens 
				  which are members of dri_Pens are no longer allocated 
				  a second time.
				- Upon startup, Scalos should give a warning Requester 
				  if not all defined pens could be allocated.
	20020529	dm	- Finished converting cleanup code to C.
	20020526	JL	- Fixed bug in the scalos.library expunge code which was 
				  trying to FreeMem() an incorrect library base pointer 
				  when quitting Scalos.
				- When &quot;quit Scalos&quot; is requested, memory is flushed 
				  before checking scalos.library open count, so unused
				  libraries still resident in memory no longer prevent 
				  Scalos from closing.
				- Added optional background image for tooltips 
				  &quot;THEME:TooltipBackground&quot;.
				- Added optional background image for window status bar
				  &quot;THEME:Window/StatusBar/Background&quot;.
				- Added forgotten &quot;PDTA_DestMode, PMODE_V43&quot; in about.c
				  and GadgetBarImageClass.c. Now the entries for the 
				  Scalos processes in &quot;PicTD&quot; prefs are no longer required.
	20020525	JL	- Fixed a serious bug in the new C SCA_MoveNode() function 
				  which caused Scalos to crash when trying to &quot;cleanup&quot; a 
				  window which had already been cleaned up.
	20020513	JL	- Fixed an icon drag bug: When an icon was clicked with LMB 
				  and the mouse button held for several seconds without 
				  moving the icon, a DisplayBeep() was triggered when the
				  mouse button was released.
	20020504	JL	- Many minor changes to allow Scalos to cpiled with GCC.
				- Replaced handmade CLI startup detaching code by standard
				  cback.o and detach.o mdoules.
	20020414	JL	- Corrected error in scalos_lib.sfd - order of parameters 
				  for SCA_WBStartTags() was incorrect.
	20020412	JL	- When icons were selected purely via keyboard, the
				  &quot;IconActive&quot; variable was not updated and selected 
				  icons could not be opened by pressing &quot;return&quot;.
				- When trying to open an disk/drawer icon via wb39/ARexx, 
				  under certain circumstances the Scalos main task could 
				  hang, waiting for a message reply. Fixed.
	20020405	JL	- When prefEnableSplash was turned off after splash window 
				  has opened, the splash window never closed. Fixed.
				- After removing an entry from the hidden device list,
				  that device used to appear multiple times on the Scalos
				  screen. Fixed.
	20020404	JL	- When AppIcon was replaced via AppChange, Scalos tried 
				  to free invalid memory while removing AppIcon. Fixed.
	20020403	JL	- ScalosMain() was called with seglist in d1 instead of 
				  d0, leading to enforcer hits or crash on exit when 
				  started from workbench via icon double-click.
				- Bumped revision to 40.22.
			
			
 40.21	20020402	JL	- Fixed lockup problem when a window opened or closed 
				  during drag/drop operations.
	20020329	JL	- Fixed problem in scalos library code - Expunge() never 
				  got called.
				- Fixed init problem with prefTextModeTextAttr.ta_Name, 
				  after unsuccessful startup, Scalos tried to 
				  FreeVecPooled() static string.
				- Added safeguard to AllocVecPooled() and FreeVecPooled() 
				  against being called with MemPool of NULL.
	20020309	JL	- SCCM_DeviceList_Generate now works fully asynchronous way, 
				  avoiding most sources of hangs connected to weird 
				  file systems.
	20020212	JL	- Finished converting Scalos startup and shutdown code to C.
	20020209	JL	- DefIcons support now integrated into Scalos, including 
				  automatic reload of DefIcons.prefs after 
				  external changes. Filetypes.plugin and Deficons.plugin 
				  are now obsolete.
	20020204	JL	- Programs started by Scalos were never removed from the 
				  internal program list. Fixed.
	20020203	JL	- Now displays message on screen title when user tries to 
				  double-click a drawer icon without associated directory.
	20020202	JL	- ToolTip sometimes didn't show used/total/percent 
				  correctly for disk icons. Fixed.
				- Bumped revision to 40.21.
			
			
 40.20	20020201	JL	- Dragged icons were corrupted on screens with 
				  interleaved bitmaps. Fixed.
				- Dragging icons with text didn't always work, depending 
				  on icon text colour settings. Fixed.
	20020127	JL	- UnSnapshot function was thoroughly broken - Should now 
				  again work as expected.
	20020126	JL	- Now supports adding submenus and new menus 
				  via SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem().
				- The Rename() patch now tries to update (i.e. remove) 
				  the old object's icon.
				- CopyCommand() now quietly returns OK if source of copy 
				  operation cannot be found, so copying of orphan icons 
				  (icons w/o associated objects) should work now.
	20020125	JL	- Plugged memory leak when reloading menu prefs.
				- Bumped revision to 40.20.
			
			
 40.19	20020121	JL	- Snapshot/Unsnapshot didn't free Lock on icons. Fixed.
				- Unsnapshot failed to move icon to wt_LateIconList. Fixed.
	20020119	JL	- ReLayoutIcons() forgot to update IDTA_TextPenShadow and 
				  IDTA_TextPenOutline pens. Fixed.
				- SCA_ScreenTitleMsg() was broken and couldn't display 
				  the last message. Fixed.
	20020115	JL	- Fixed problem in DragDropBobs.c : newiconobject.library 
				  didn't return image mask for special icons because 
				  IDTM_Layout was only called for normal image and 
				  IDTM_Mask_Selected was requested. Fixed.
	20020114	JL	- Fixed problem with MOS and SameLock() NULL Locks in 
				  Functions.c. Now it should be possible to open SYS: 
				  volume.
				- Bumped revision to 40.19.
			
		
 40.18	20020113	JL	- Undid most changes in DragDropBobs.c from 40.17. Now 
				  frames around icons work in a more compatible way, 
				  together with 40.2 icon datatypes.
	20020109	JL	- Commands &quot;rename&quot;, &quot;execute&quot;, &quot;newdrawer&quot; now support 
				  global TextInputHook.
	20020107	JL	- Built .sfd files for all Scalos components. All pragma 
				  and proto includes and .fd files are now created 
				  from those .sfd files.
	20020106	JL	- Several window backfill functions didn't check properly 
				  for non-existing background images (FileTransfer, 
				  Splash). Fixed.
				- INF_File was not set for text icons when file system 
				  returned non-standard fib_DirEntryType. Now INF_File is 
				  always set if fib_DirEntryType &lt; 0.
				- The PenArray delivered by the workbench OpenScreen patch 
				  always contained -1 in the first entry, rendering it 
				  pretty useless. Fixed.
				- Adapted to now (NDK3.9) officially supported Workbench 
				  hooks (CopyHook, DeleteHook, SetupCleanupHook).
				- Now requires includes Release 45.1 to compile.
				- &quot;Empty Trash&quot; menu command now uses DeleteHook 
				  if available.
				- The PenArray delivered by the workbench OpenScreen patch 
				  always contained -1 in the first entry, rendering it 
				  pretty useless. Fixed.
	20020105	JL	- When changing icon attributes (e.g. border), AppIcons 
				  didn't get refreshed properly. Fixed.
	20020104	JL	- Automatic icon update on file system notification didn't 
				  work properly for left-out icons. Fixed.
				- Bumped revision to 40.18.
		
		
 40.17	20020101	JL	- Added separate pens for selected icon text, icon text 
				  outline, and icon text shadow.
	20011231	JL	- Several changes in DragDropBobs.c to enable frames 
				  around masked icons. Requires latest icon datatypes!!!
	20011229	JL	- Device icons got a name of &quot;&quot; (empty string) when tool
				  type SCALOS_NOTEXT was found, whereas other 
				  icons got NULL. Fixed.
	20011228	JL	- When Scalos tries to quit and there were still foreign 
				  windows on WB screen, a retry requester occurs. After 
				  clicking &quot;Retry&quot;, Scalos tried to free PenShareMap more 
				  than once. Fixed.
	20011225	JL	- Non-DOS disk icons are now ghosted (just like WB3.9).
				- Many menu items (e.g. &quot;Open&quot;, &quot;Information&quot;) are now 
				  disabled for non-DOS disks.
				- Unreadable disks are now labeled as &quot;DF0:Unreadable&quot; 
				  instead of &quot;DF0:????&quot;.
	20011221	JL	- OpenWorkBench() return ULONG instead of Workbench screen
				  address in case of success. Fixed.
				- Window status bar text now always uses text window font.
	20011215	JL	- Many changes and fixes in FileCommand.c (File 
				  moving/copying code). Moving objects to a different 
				  volume (copy-and-delete) now works.
	20011214	JL	- Added timeout (default=10s) to file transfer counting.
				- Added Win***s-like &quot;Copy&quot;, &quot;Cut&quot;, &quot;Paste&quot; menu commands 
				  to transfer files.
	20011213	JL	- Added workaround kludge for broken &quot;delete.module&quot; 
				  implementations that rely on wa_Name being empty 
				  for directories.
				- Fixed a memory trashing bug in CLIStart(). Only occured 
				  when file name was longer than default tool name.
	20011212	JL	- LeaveOutIcon() trashed the CurrentDir of the Scalos 
				  window task. Fixed.
				- Scalos window tasks now have their directory namess 
				  appended to the task name, 
				  e.g. &quot;Scalos_Window_Task &quot;.
				- (old) SCA_RemoveAppObject() failed to remove icons in 
				  wt_LateIconList, leading to crashes with MUI 
				  applications on CloseWorkBench()/OpenWorkBench(). Fixed.
				- Added new pen for status bar text.
	20011208	JL	- Popup menus now can also be opened by keyboard
				  (Right Alt +Right Amiga).
				- SCCM_IconWin_CheckUpdate did not recognize changes 
				  between default icon and non-default icon (e.g. an icon
				  associated to an object was deleted - display didn't 
				  change). Fixed.
				- Added optional THEME:FileTransBackground background 
				  image to copy/move progress window.
				- Display of window drop marks is now settable into 3 
				  modes - none, non-backdrop windows only, always.
				- Added GBTDTA_SoftStyle to set text style 
				  for GadgetBarTextClass gadgets.
				- Bumped revision to 40.17.
		
		
 40.16	20011207	JL	- Scalos.c/RefreshTextWindow didn't check if window 
				  exists. Fixed.
				- Scalos.c/ReportError didn't propagate RESULT_UserAborted
				  if the user clicked the &quot;Abort&quot; button. Should 
				  be fixed now.
				- Major rewrite of FileTransfer class. Redesigned 
				  copy/move progress window with progress gauge and 
				  cancel button.
	20011205	JL	- Fixed another bug in window backfilling - filled area 
				  was exactly 1 pixel too small in x- and y-direction.
				- With window scrollbar arrows, the detection of shift 
				  key was reversed. Fixed.
				- Changed scrolling step for window scrollbar arrows 
				  to 10 pixel.
	20011204	JL	- Added SCCM_IconWin_AddToStatusBar, 
				  SCCM_IconWin_RemFromStatusBar, and 
				  SCCM_IconWin_UpdateStatusBar methods to make status bar
				  interfacing easier.
				- More changes in OpenWorkBench() / CloseWorkBench(). Now
				  also uses icon.library V44+ ICONCTRLA_SetGlobalScreen 
				  tag. Closing/reopening Scalos (e.g. via screen mode 
				  change) should now work.
	20011203	JL	- Rewrote OpenWorkBench() / CloseWorkBench() patches in C.
				  Problems with wrong colors after OpenWorkBench() should 
				  now be fixed.
	20011202	JL	- Added support for WB3.9-compatible (undocumented) 
				  CloseWB hook. Now e.g. AmiDock iconifies automagically 
				  on CloseWorkbench() and uniconifies afer OpenWorkBench().
				- With status bar enabled, Scalos window heights grew 
				  each time a window was iconified and re-opened. Fixed.
	20011201	JL	- Fixed broken FreePatternNode() - now reloading pattern 
				  prefs should work again.
				- Finally fixed long-standing bug in icon update code 
				  that sometimes lead to duplicate icons.
	20011130	JL	- Disk without icons now get default icon of type WBDISK 
				  instead of WBKICK.
				- Fixed problem with removed nodes in 
				  SCCM_DeviceList_Generate, leading to corrupted device 
				  icon list.
	20011129	JL	- Added file version information to tooltips.
	20011128	JL	- Implemented global copy and delete hooks for 
				  compatibility with AsyncWB.
				- Fixed inverted NoRemap checking in backfill functions.
	20011127	JL	- Finished converting all menu functions to C.
	20011124	JL	- Fixed wrong SCA_FreeNode() parameter 
				  in DevListClass_Generate().
				- LockScalosPens() produces lots of enforcer hits when 
				  no palette prefs could be found. Fixed.
	20011123	JL	- Finished converting all IDCMP handlers to C.
	20011120	JL	- Completed converting window background rendering 
				  code to C.
	20011117	JL	- Menu command &quot;backdrop&quot; didn't work. Fixed.
	20011116	JL	- Fixed missing Argument for WaitReply() in A5. This 
				  resulted in crashes when running modules with simple 
				  refresh windows.
				- Bumped revision to 40.16.
			
		
 40.15	20011113	JL	- INF_File was not set for backdrop icons. Fixed.
				- Devices are now counted and displayed separately 
				  during D&amp;D.
	20011112	JL	- Changed screen pop-title algorithm so it should always 
				  get switched on if necessary.
				- Changed rendering of Logo in splash window back from 
				  DTM_DRAW to blitting functions.
				- Fixed error in DevListClass_Filter() - missing 
				  parentheses lead to wrong exception calculation.
				- Bumped revision to 40.15.
		
		
 40.15	20011112	JL	- Changed path for status bar images 
				  to &quot;THEME:Window/StatusBar/&quot;.
	20011111	JL	- Added SCA_NoStatusBar attribute to SCA_OpenWindow() 
				  library function and SCALOS_NOSTATUSBAR tooltype to 
				  suppress status bar display on a single window.
	20011110	JL	- Fixed most serious error : failed to reserve memory for 
				  IconWindowClass instance data.
	20011108	JL	- Fixed wrong position for &quot;iconify&quot; gadget (overlapped 
				  zip gadget).
				- Horizontal scroller height was too small. Fixed.
				- Added special detection of Screen titlebar to circumvent 
				  problem with MagicMenu which lead to screen bar staying 
				  visible in spite of cleared SHOWTITLE flag.
	20011107	JL	- Added &quot;Typing&quot; symbol to status bar.
				- Icon selection by typing icon name didn't work for 
				  AppIcons and device icons. Fixed.
				- Removed LockIBase() in Window.c/QueryObjectUnderPointer(),
				  hopefully avoiding window lockups.
				- Converted automatic Screen bar switching code to C (see 
				  Scalos_Cx.c). Added additional checks for locked Layers 
				  to avoid deadlocks.
	20011106	DM		- Added two new preference variables, prefWindowHScroll and
				  prefWindowVScroll for the default distances of scrolling
				  icon windows by the keyboard (main_prefs.s, variables.h,
				  imports.i, exports.i).
				- Added parts of cleanup code converted to C to the source files
				  (cleanup.c, main_subroutines.s)
				- Added two missing includes to scalos_structures.h file
				  (graphics/gels.h and workbench/startup.h)
				- Can use shift+cursor keys in icon windows to scroll by a whole
				  page (well, inner height and width of icon window - IconWindowClass.c)
				- Can also use Return to open active icon in icon windows
				  (IconWindowClass.c)
				- Fixed problem with reading Workbench preferences and then showing
					  Scalos main window in wrong mode/sizes (WindowClass.c)
	20011104	JL	- Icon menu didn't get enabled when icon was selected via 
				  keyboard input (first letter(s) of icon name). Fixed.
	20011102	JL	- Replaced blitting function in Splash.c by DTM_DRAW.
				- Fixed old problems with pen allocations - ObtainPen() 
				  didn't check for success.
	20011101	JL	- Bumped revision to 40.14.
		
		
 40.13	20011020	JL	- During D&amp;D, window dropmarks are no longer erased when 
				  mouse is over icon, but remain visible until mouse 
				  leaves window.
				- Added SCALOSCTRLA_GetEmulationMode tag 
				  for ScalosControl().
	20011013	JL	- Now MenuItems get disabled if they have SubItems and 
				  every SubItem is disabled.
				- Since redrawing of partially overlapped icons seems to 
				  work well, I disabled the strict icon overlap checking 
				  while D&amp;D.
	20011012	JL	- Added support for AppIcons sending select/unselect 
				  notification messages and 
				  WBAPPICONA_NotifySelectState tag.
				- CLIStart() didn't work with WBPROJECT icons. Fixed.
	20011011	JL	- Icon window crashed after D&amp;D when redrawing previously 
				  obscured icons - Fixed.
				- Sometimes IDCMP_INTUITICKS messages were not 
				  replied. Fixed.
				- Automatic change of default window patterns failed when 
				  switching between icon and text mode. Pattern numbers 
				  sometimes were treated as unsigned instead of signed 
				  numbers. Fixed.
	20011010	JL	- Added new Tags SCALOSCTRLA_GetTypeRestartTime and
				  SCALOSCTRLA_SetTypeRestartTime for ScalosControl().
	20011008	JL	- Menu commands &quot;snapshotwindow&quot; and &quot;snapshotall&quot; stayed 
				  disabled forever. Fixed name compare error 
				  in Prefs.c/CompareCommand().
				- Replaced remaining 64bit integer arithmetic code 
				  by C version.
	20011007	JL	- Finished converting &quot;Title.sca&quot; to C.
				- Updated SCA_Title&quot; autodocs for &quot;Title.sca&quot; class.
	20011006	JL	- Finished converting &quot;FileTransfer.sca&quot; to C.
	20011005	JL	- Replaced fixed version/revision strings in about window 
				  by text macros &quot;%v&quot; and &quot;%r&quot;.
				- Added feature: Icons may now be selected by typing the 
				  first character(s) of their names, just as in WB 3.9.
				- Added feature: Cursors key can be used to select icon 
				  right/left/below/above the currently selected one.
				- Finished converting &quot;DeviceList.SCA&quot; to C.
	20011005	JL	- Bumped revision to 40.13.
			
			
 40.12	20011004	JL	- When converting WindowClass to C, I somehow dropped one 
				  line of code and forgot to clear a window's UserPort 
				  before closing the window. So it could happen that 
				  IntuiMessages in the wt_IconPort already had got freed 
				  by Intuition on closing the corresponding window, 
				  leading to corrupted messages.
	20011001	JL	- SCA_WBStart() didn't work for icons with &quot;CLI&quot; or 
				  &quot;REXX&quot; tooltypes. Fixed.
	20010930	JL	- Wbstartup sometimes skiped icons with free 
				  positions (Unshapshot). Fixed.
	20010929	JL	- Finished converting Root class to C.
	20010928	JL	- Now all window, menu and wbl processes inherit the 
				  original workbench path.
	20010926	JL	- Added support for WBAPPMENUA_CommandKeyString (OS3.9) 
				  and separator bars to SCA_NewAddAppMenuItem().
	20010924	JL	- Finished converting TextWindow class to C.
	20010922	JL	- Finished converting IconWindow class to C.
	20010916	JL	- Finally fixed long-standing problems with simultaneous 
				  multiple window updates (Enforcer hits, icons 
				  appearing twice, etc.).
	20010910	JL	- Fixed problem reading large directories containing icons with 
				  both fixed and free positions. Icons with &quot;free&quot; 
				  positions were placed at the end of each block read, and 
				  could be overlapped by an icon read later with a fixed position.
	20010908	JL	- Bumped revision to 40.12.

 40.11	20010907	JL	- In Icon windows, icons without associated objects were not 
				  displayed with &quot;Show all files&quot; setting. Fixed.
	20010906	JL	- Text windows now show &quot;Trashcan&quot; in size column for 
				  trashcan drawers.
				- Icons of type WBDISK are hidden in text windows with 
				  &quot;Show only icons&quot;.
	20010904	JL	- Major changes in text window directory scanning. Now 
				  icons without associated object are displayed in text 
				  windows with &quot;Show only icons&quot;.
	20010903	JL	- Text windows now show &quot;Drawer&quot; in the size column for drawers.
	20010902	JL	- Changed number format for file sizes to &quot;%lU&quot;, using localized
				  display format.
				- Finished converting window class to C.
				- Finished converting text icon class to C.
	20010901	JL	- Deleting left-out object now always updates &quot;.backdrop&quot; files.
				- Left-out icons got the &quot;put away&quot; menu item disabled when 
				  updated (e.g. by adding tooltypes). Fixed.
	20010831	JL	- Windows can now be scrolled with the arrow keys (only if no
				  icons are selected in window).
	20010830	JL	- Did some changes to the asm class macros to make the class
				  engine more &quot;C-friendly&quot;.
	20010828	JL	- Moved Scalos .catalog files in archive from catalogs//
				  to catalogs//Scalos/.
				- Now .catalog files are ignored if their version is &lt;40, avoiding
				  trouble with wrong messages.
	20010819	JL	- Added distinct pens for the dragging info text.
				- Additional checks on plugin initialization - Now erroneously 
				  added menu plugins should no longer cause Scalos to crash on startup.
				- CloseWorkBench() from VisualPrefs Task didn't work. Fixed.
				- CloseWorkBench() will not close Scalos while there are 
				  active &quot;Scalos_Async_Backfill&quot; processes.
				- Bumped revision to 40.11.

 40.10	20010817	JL	- Repaired bug in updateicon which sometimes caused icons to 
				  appear in incorrect windows.
	20010815	JL	- Duplicating/cloning items now pops up the file copying progress 
				  window.
				- Dragging multiple icons now shows one or two text lines under pointer 
				  telling how many files and drawers are being dragged.
				- Fixed severe bug in wbl.c : WBNode's were allocated with AllocVecPooled()
				  and freed with FreeVec().
	20010814	JL	- Added a varargs version of SCA_ScreenTitleMsg().
				- Added flag to switch between Flag: old dragging (all 
				  icons visible) and new &quot;icon stack&quot;.
				- Added new SCA_ScalosControl() tags 
				  SCALOSCTRLA_GetOldDragIconMode
				  and SCALOSCTRLA_SetOldDragIconMode.
				- IconWinCheckUpdate() now correctly updates INF_DefaultIcon 
				  flag and INF_SupportsLeaveOut attribute.
	20010811	JL	- Missed a CurrentDir() when renaming objects, leading 
				  to a directory lock getting never UnLock()ed.
				- When D&amp;D copying or moving icons, &quot;Replace All&quot; and 
				  &quot;Abort&quot; now should work correctly.
				- Message strings &quot;xxx already exists&quot; are now different
				  when moving and copying objects.
				- When moving icons inside window and new position overlaps 
				  other icon, the moved icons now jump back to their 
				  original positions.
				- Bumped revision to 40.10.

 40.9	20010811	JL	- THEME:SplashBackground was never freed, leaving a 
				  Lock on it. Fixed.
				- CLI and ARexx default tools icons didn't work 
				  in text windows. fixed.
	20010809	JL	- Enabled deadlock detection for lasso operations.
	20010808	JL	- Additional check for NULL wt_LateIconList in cleanup().
				- Text windows now again display &quot;#?.info&quot; files (icons).
				- Forbid drag-copying or -moving icon into own sibling 
				  window or on sibling icon to avoid move errors 
				  or endless recursion.
	20010807	JL	- Fixed multiple problems with text window updates.
	20010806	JL	- Added semaphore locking to protect from two or more Scalos 
				  tasks opening or closing windows at the same time.
				- Fixed broken &quot;copy by dragging on drawer icon&quot;.
				- Added additional checking to prefs file notification.
				- Bumped revision to 40.9.

 40.8	20010804	JL	- Worked around semaphore deadlock in SetIconMenuOnOff(). This 
				  one occured when copying multiple directories between 
				  text windows.
	20010803	JL	- Copying/moving of (left-out) drawers, tools, or projects 
				  from main window to any drawer window didn't work. Fixed.
				- Dragging a device icon into an icon window (copying device 
				  into directory) no longer results in requester &quot;DEVICE: 
				  already exists ....&quot;.
				- Bug #29 : Dragging a device icon into an icon window where 
				  a drawer with the name of the device (w/o &quot;:&quot;) already 
				  existed: Nothing happened. Fixed.
				- left-out icons no longer show up in text icon windows.
				- &quot;leave out&quot; and &quot;put away&quot; now correctly update text windows.
				- Increased size of text window + tooltip date and time fields 
				  from 16 to 80 bytes.
				- Added date/time string length checking to ScaFormatDate().
	20010802	JL	- Fixed a race condition between DrawDrag() and DragEnter() that
				  could block window when trying to auto-remove icons.
				- Finally fixed icon masking problem with PAL Hires-Laced screen. When 
				  &quot;Auto Remove Icons&quot; was turned on, dragged icons left garbage at their
				  original position until finally dropped.
				  Problem finally solved without setting friend BitMap to NULL.
	20010731	JL	- Added preferences selectable pens for ToolTip text and background.
				- Due to an incompatibility in Palette.prefs, I renamed it to
				  &quot;Palette13.prefs&quot; . Scalos uses old &quot;Palette.prefs&quot; if 
				  no &quot;Palette13.prefs&quot; found. To create new prefs file, either 
				  copy old &quot;Palette.prefs&quot; to new &quot;Palette13.prefs&quot; or load 
				  Palette prefs editor and use &quot;Save&quot; button to generate 
				  new &quot;Palette13.prefs&quot;.
	20010729	JL	- Added check for deleting files of an undefined DirEntryType.
				- For SoftLinks, ToolTips showed name of link target 
				  instead of link name. Fixed.
				- Bumped revision to 40.8.

 40.7	20010729	JL	- Dropped Popupmenu.library for icon ToolTip display and added
				  own layouting and rendering code.
	20010728	DM	+ Added check for copying files of a non-specific DirEntryType.
	    			  Copies files correctly across Samba network, deleting files
	    			  seems to work OK with the current code.
	20010728	JL	- Moved ToolTip display to separate task.
	20010727	DM	  + Fixed corrupt logo and text in about and splash windows by setting
				  all allocated bitmaps to have no friend bitmap
	20010726	JL	- Added AttempLockLayerRom() around icon ToolTip display routine in 
				  order to avoid deadlocks.
	20010724	JL	- Due to Mike's request, increased minimum window width by 20.
	20010723	JL	- Added &quot;scalos/icandy&quot; environment variable on startup and set contents to &quot;2&quot;.
				- Changed every copyright string to &quot;© 1999-2001 The Scalos Team&quot;.
				- Added &quot;About&quot; function to Menu and Palette preferences.
	20010722	JL	- Changing palette prefs now closes and reopens Scalos, no matter if
				  the &quot;DisableCloseWorkbench&quot; flag is set.
	20010721	JL	- &quot;put away&quot; command didn't work with icons without associated objects. Fixed.
				- &quot;Scalos Menu&quot; : added new menu commands &quot;viewbysize&quot; and &quot;viewbydate&quot;.
				- &quot;Disk.info&quot; icons of type WBDISK will no longer appear inside drawer windows.
				- Switching window view mode while window is reading icons no 
				  longer causes window to close.
				- SCCM_IconWin_RemIcon now updates window's virtual size and adjusts sliders.
	20010720	JL	- Bumped revision to 40.7.

 40.6	20010718	JL	- Double-clicking tool icons in text windows didn't start execute command. 
				  Recognition of default icons in text windows didn't work when 
				  starting programs. Fixed.
	20010717	JL	- Found a icon masking problem with PAL Hires-Laced screen. When 
				  &quot;auto remove icons&quot; was turned on, dragged icons left garbage at their
				  original position until finally dropped.
				  Problem (mask BitMap and icon BitMap having different format, 
				  recognizable by different &quot;BytesPerRow&quot; values for equeal width) at 
				  least partially solved by setting friend BitMap to NULL if (Depth &lt;= 8).
	20010716	JL	- Empty lines in &quot;.backdrop&quot; files should be ignored now.
				- CloseWorkBench() from IPrefs Task didn't work. Fixed.
	20010715	JL	- Text windows sometimes swallowed first character of file comment. Fixed.
	20010713	JL	- &quot;Replace All&quot; now works when drag-copying multiple objects.
	20010712	JL	- &quot;select contents&quot; now deselects all icons in non-selected windows.
				- &quot;clear selection&quot; now deselects all icons in all windows.
	20010711	JL	- Plugin libraries are now flushed on scalos exit.
				- Fixed possible problem with missing ScaWindowTask parameter on FreeIconList().
				- Bumped revision to 40.6.

 40.5	20010708	JL	- CheckMouseIcon() didn't work with negative coordinates. Fixed.
				- text windows initially opened with do_CurrentX &lt; 0 in icon displayed
				  icon text at incorrect position. Fixed.
	20010707	JL	- When reading a directory, icons are no longer checked if they overlap each other.
				- converted SCA_OpenIconWindow() to C.
				- Bumped revision to 40.5.

 40.4	20010706	JL	- Enabled &quot;snapshot window&quot; and &quot;snapshot all&quot; for root window again.
	20010705	JL	- Changed locking in DrawDrag() - first call. When &quot;Auto remove icons&quot; was enabled,
				  Icons sometimes didn't get ghosted properly due to DRAGFLAGF_WindowLocked set.
				- Changed initial value for unused oldDir Locks from NULL to $ffffffff, to avoid
				  trouble with pr_CurrentDir = NULL (at the end of functions, CurrentDir() never 
				  got reset to initial value when that value was NULL).
				- AmigaDos menu commands failed to skip trailing '&quot;' if command name is surrounded
				  by '&quot;', e.g. &quot;SYS:xyz&quot; executed with '&quot;' as first argument.
	20010704	JL	- AmigaDos menu commands now inherit the workbench path.
				- Bumped revision to 40.4.

 40.3	20010704	JL	- ReadIcon() didn't respect the &quot;show only icons&quot; setting for text windows, so
				  all files appeared after automatic window update.
	20010703	JL	- changed detection for WMFLAG_IsVirtualSize (sizetofit menu command enabling),
				  now also enabled if window is larger than necessary to hold icons.
	20010702	JL	- Screen menu items are now enabled/disabled each time 
				  SCCM_IconWin_SetVirtSize is applied (i.e. after any change in window size).
	20010630	JL	- Forgot to set  Flag in ReadTextWindowIconList(),
				  so all text icons were treated as if on a write-protected disk.
				- Bumped revision to 40.3.

 40.2	20010629	JL	- Fixed more problems run AmigaDOS menu commands without path.
	20010628	JL	- SnapshotWindow() sometimes wrote icon to wrong directory. Fixed.
				- Added wt_UpdateSemaphore locking for &quot;update&quot; command.
				- Bumped revision to 40.2.
		
 40.1	20010627	JL	- BltMaskBitMapRastPort() used incorrect MinTerm so Masking didn't work 
				  correctly. (e.g. logos in splash and about window on non-cybergraphics screen).
	20010626	JL	- CheckMouseIcon() didn't work when &quot;Non-masked click area&quot; was checked. Fixed.
				- Splash window didn't adjust logo when window was resized due to long message. Fixed.
				- ReadDatatypesImage() returned the original BitMap (PDTA_BitMap) instead of
				  the remapped one (PDTA_DestBitMap).
	20010624	JL	- Due to extended library functions, bumped version to 40.1.

39.234	20010623	JL	- Added SCA_ScalosControl() call to scalos.library. Only 3 tags supported
				  yet, documentation still missing.
	20010620	JL	- About and Splash window can may load different logo images 
				  &quot;THEME:ScalosSplashLogo&quot; and &quot;THEME:ScalosAboutLogo&quot;. If those 
				  files are not found, both windows fall back to &quot;THEME:ScalosLogo&quot;.
	20010617	JL	- Due to an incompatibility in menu.prefs, I renamed it to
				  &quot;menu13.prefs&quot; . Scalos uses old &quot;menu.prefs&quot; if no &quot;menu13.prefs&quot; found.
				  To create new prefs file, either copy old &quot;menu.prefs&quot; to new 
				  &quot;menu13.prefs&quot; or load old &quot;menu.prefs&quot; in menu prefs editor
				  and use &quot;Save&quot; button to generate new &quot;menu13.prefs&quot;.
	20010616	JL	- Added new popup menu class for AppIcons.
				- &quot;System Info&quot; button in About window is disabled if sysinfo module cannot
				  be found.
				- Opening new icon windows in iconified state could lead to each icon 
				  appearing twice after uniconifying window - Fixed. Now wt_LateIconList is
				  cleared at the beginning of ReadIconList().
	20010615	JL	- Fixed enforcer hits in about window when no scalos logo could be loaded.
				- RunMenuCommand() didn't work with CLI (=AmigaDos) commands without
				  path, i.e. only filename specified. Fixed.
				- Icon tooltips no longer pop up when non-Scalos window is active.
				- Icon position for iconified Scalos windows can be specified in
				  window icon with SCALOS_ICONIFIED_XPOS and SCALOS_ICONIFIED_YPOS.
				- Bumped revision to 39.234.

39.233	20010614	JL	- AppIcon menu commands now support all WB3.5+ AMCLASSICON_... 
				  AppMessage class codes (e.g. Benchtrash information/snapshot/unsnapshot works).
	20010613	JL	- Due to common request, Bob functions now don't use chip memory 
				  if port &quot;FBlit&quot; is available.
	20010610	JL	- AppIcons always got IDTV_TextMode_Normal (no outline, no shadow). Fixed.
	20010609	JL	- ARexx menu commands now may have selected items as arguments.
				- Bumped revision to 39.233.

39.232	20010608	JL	- Enabling/disabling popup menus now works correctly with nested sub-menus.
	20010607	JL	- Scalos now does a &quot;Update all&quot; instead of &quot;Redraw&quot; when 
				  detecting changed main prefs.
	20010606	JL	- Softlink sometimes could not be copied due to incorrect parent directory - Fixed.
	20010605	JL	- Fixed nasty bug in AllocVecPooled()/FreeVecPooled() : a6 was overwritten.
				- In text windows with &quot;Show only Icons&quot;, non-existing objects (i.e. icons 
				  without corresponding objects) are no longer displayed (e.g. &quot;disk&quot;).
				- Disabled &quot;Leave Out&quot; for default icons.
				- Changed locking in TestPopup() to prevent deadlocks.
	20010603	JL	- Bug #4. Fixed crash when executing ARexx menu command.
	20010602	JL	- No tooltips are displayed for icon after clicking or double-clicking it.
				- Menu command &quot;sizetofit&quot; now also shrinks windows if appropriate.
				- Bumped revision to 39.232.

39.231	20010601	JL	- Text windows with &quot;Show only Icons&quot; displayed data for icons 
				  instead of objects. Fixed.
				- Bug #13. Drawers inside of text windows no longer open always 
				  in text mode, but use the drawer icon settings instead.
	20010530	JL	- checkmouseicon() and QueryObjectUnderPointer() now take 
				  &quot;Non-masked click area&quot; setting into account.
	20010529	JL	- Fixed possible race condition with QueryObjectUnderPointer() by 
				  extending window list and wt_IconSemaphore locking.
	20010526	JL	- AppIcons now have popup menus (currently the same as tool icons) 
				  if  is not 0.
				- Tooltips now recognize iconified scalos windows.
	20010525	JL	- Iconified window appIcons get the &quot;WBAPPICONA_SupportsOpen, TRUE&quot; Attribute.
				- Fixed error in SCA_NewAddAppIcon() - WBAPPICONA_Supports... tags didn't work.
				- Bumped revision to 39.231.

39.230	20010524	JL	- No icon tool tips are displayed if icon has tooltype &quot;SCALOS_NOTOOLTIPS&quot;.
				- Added new menu commands &quot;sizetofit&quot; and &quot;clearselection&quot;.
	20010523	JL	- Scalos now passes a copy of the window lock as wa_Lock and wa_Name=NULL
				  when no icons are selected (now OS3.9 Find work just as with Workbench).
				- Fixed a couple of problems with the new tooltip function.
	20010519	JL	- Bumped revision to 39.230.

39.229	20010519	JL	- Fixed bug in QueryObjectUnderPointer() - did not work correctly if Workbench
				  screen wasn't frontmost screen.
	20010517	JL	- Added check for ST_LINKFILE, ST_LINKDIR, ST_SOFTLINK before calling isLink().
				- (OLD) After updating left-out (backdrop) icon, updating the associated disk icon
				  created a new backdrop icon instead of refreshing the old one. Fixed.
	20010515	JL	- Replaced IDCMP_VANILLAKEY handling by IDCMP_RAWKEY in order to 
				  receive &quot;key up&quot; events.
				- Drag&amp;Drag indicators (copy etc.) are now updated immediately when
				  pressing or releasing qualifier key.
	20010512	JL	- About window now supports optional background image &quot;THEME:AboutBackground&quot;.
	20010510	JL	- Added support for wheel mouse (icon/text window scrolling).
	20010509	JL	- Text windows didn't get refreshed properly after deleting icons. Fixed.
	20010508	JL	- Icon tooltypes sometimes were not recognized correctly. Fixed.
				- Bumped revision to 39.229.

39.228	20010507	JL	- Changed method of soft link detection to a more system-friendly one.
				- Bumped revision to 39.228.

39.227	20010506	JL	- Scalos no longer tries to load appchange'd AppIcons when their 
				  name contains invalid characters, i.e. &quot;:/&quot;.
				- Scalos now uses AddPart() to add the name of the AppIcon to the &quot;Default icons&quot;
				  path, to make sure there is always a &quot;/&quot; between path and file name.
				- Converted WBLtask to C. The &quot;unable to load your tool ...&quot; Request now offers
				  to select a different tool via ASL requester.
	20010504	JL	- &quot;Leave Out&quot; didn't work for icons without associated files or drawers. Fixed.
	20010501	JL	- Icon menu items weren't enabled correctly in text windows. Fixed.
				- &quot;View All&quot;  wasn't recognized when initially opening text windows. Fixed.
	20010430	JL	- Softlinks are now displayed with underlined names. This feature 
				  work only with iconobject.datatype 39.33 and later.
				  (I saw that feature at Workbench 3.9 (with BoingBag 1) and immediately liked it).
	20010429	JL	- Text windows now distinguish between &quot;Show All Files&quot; and &quot;Show Only Icons&quot;.
				- Bumped revision to 39.227.

39.226	20010428	JL	- Splash window : added 10&quot; timeout when waiting for update message reply.
	20010427	JL	- AppIcons now support the WBAPPICONA_Supports... tags.
				- Icon menu items are now enabled/disabled according to the icons properties,
				  e.g. for icons on read-only media &quot;delete&quot; and &quot;rename&quot; is disabled.
				- Splash window now supports optional background image &quot;THEME:SplashBackground&quot;.
	20010424	JL	- Fixed Enforcer hit in file/directory copying code when 
				  FileTransClassInstance was NULL.
				- CopyCommand didn't work with DestName != NULL (to perform 
				  &quot;Copy As&quot; function). Fixed.
				- Objects can now get duplicated (cloned) via D&amp;D into same window
				  with Control key held down.
	20010422	JL	- Window.c/QueryObjectUnderPointer() could crash if PtrLayer-&gt;Window was 
				  empty (NULL). Fixed.
				- Path Assign &quot;THEME:&quot; is set on program start to &quot;Scalos:themes/default&quot;.
				- Bumped revision to 39.226.

39.225	20010421	JL	- Fixed enforcer hits/crash opening window popup menu with empty (NULL) ws_Name.
				- MoveCommand() no longer complains when trying to move non-existing object.
				- Bumped revision to 39.225.

39.224	20010420	JL	- Dropped drop zone rendering in separate layers and returned to complement
				  drawing due to lack of performance.
	20010417	JL	- Logo gets loaded by datatypes.library from THEME:ScalosLogo
				- Defined C names for all library bases.
	20010415	JL	- Region didn't get freed in class.c/SameWindow() if no icon was moved. Fixed.
				- Additional check for NULL window pointer in Scalos.c/LassoInit().
				- moving icons in same window with &quot;AutoRemove Icons = Off&quot; didn't work properly
				  because registers were trashed in main_subroutines.s/checkposition. Fixed.
				- Bumped revision to 39.224.

39.223	20010415	JL	- Due to Mike's request, bumped revision to 39.223.
			
222x26				- Removed locking with DragDropSemaphore due to deadlock problems.
				- Changed rendering of window/icon drop zones from complement drawing
				  to separate layers (in Requesters), hopefully eliminating all problems
				  with garbage left in windows.
	20010414	JL	- Changed to utilize CatComp and its automatically generated locale header files.
				  All localized string are now in &quot;Scalos.cd&quot;. Tested with CatComp 44.6.
	20010413	JL	- Bumped version to 222x26.

222x25	20010413	JL	- Fixed crash when icon window was closed or iconified while reading icons
				  and drawer contained more than 20 icons.
	20010412	JL	- (OLD) Fixed another icon window cleanup bug - icons were incorrectly
				  positioned under certain conditions so that icon text could overlap
				  other icons.
	20010411	JL	- Lasso selection didn't respect window limits when selecting icons. Fixed.
	20010410	JL	- CLIStart() crashed with type WBTOOL icons. Fixed.
				- (OLD) SCA_OpenIconWindow() didn't work with SCA_Iconify tag. Fixed.
	20010409	JL	- Lasso didn't correctly calculate window left and top offsets. Fixed.
				- Popup menus now have two title lines, with the type of object in the
				  first line and the name of the object in the second one.
	20010407	JL	- File move and copy routiones rewritten from scratch. Extensive error checking
				  when moving/copying objects. Requester when trying to overwrite existing
				  objects while moving/copying.
				- Created locking mechanism (via DragDropSemaphore) to prevent window updates
				  during D&amp;D.
	20010404	JL	- Renaming left-out icons will no longer lose their position.
	20010403	JL	- Changed window refresh after file system notify : icon update is held back until
				  2s after last update request. Fixes lengthy repeated icon window updates after
				  changing many items (e.g. &quot;Select All&quot;, then &quot;UnShapshot&quot;).
				- Implemented drag threshold, i.e. icons have to be moved more than 4 pixels until
				  drop zone indicator is drawn.
				  THE AMOUNT OF 4 PIXELS SHOULD BE MADE USER SELECTABLE IN PREFERENCES.
	20010402	JL	- When modifying icons, Icons used to disappear if no associated file existed. Fixed.
	20010401	JL	- Icon just left out did not disappear from desktop when volume (disk) was removed. Fixed.
				- Icons could be &quot;left out&quot; multiple times, leaving several lines in &quot;.backdrop&quot;. Fixed.
	20010331	JL	- Fixed bug #25 - D&amp;D didn't copy to drawer icon left out on the desktop.
	20010330	JL	- Bumped version to 222x25.

222x24	20010329	JL	- (OLD) &quot;.backdrop&quot; files are now updated when renaming objects. Fixed bug #22.
	20010328	JL	- Fixed OLD bug in root_handlemessages - stack could be corrupted if message without
				  handler routine was encountered. Possibly also fixes long-standing bug #21.
	20010327	JL	- Text mode windows used to show &quot;#?.info&quot; files when UseExAll was off. Fixed.
	20010325	JL	- (OLD) Fixed enforcer hits/Alerts with &quot;leave out&quot; and &quot;put away&quot;.
				- (OLD) Leave out didn't work if .backdrop had a length of 0 bytes. Fixed.
	20010325	JL	- Bumped version to 222x24.

222x23	20010324	JL	- Rename.module, newdrawer.module and delete.module now trigger
				  window updates on completion.
				- On completion of rename.module, objects are checked if they have been renamed
				  and window names are adjusted if necessary (bug #16 finally wiped out).
	20010323	JL	- Lasso selection now only affects visible icons (same behaviour as Scalos 2.1d)
	20010321	JL	- Hopefully fixed multiple text window refresh problems.
				- Removed forced D&amp;D source update.
	20010320	JL	- Window drop box was drawn incorrectly for text windows. Fixed.
				- Added new text window methods : SCCM_TextWin_BeginUpdate, SCCM_TextWin_EndUpdate.
				- Changed text window method SCCM_IconWin_RemIcon from no-op to working icon removal.
	20010319	JL	- Fixed serious bug in GetTextIcon_Fib() : Drop on text window icon caused
				  many enforcer hits.
				- D&amp;D onto text icon drawers didn't work. Fixed.
				- IconWinCheckUpdate() now also works work text windows.
	20010318	JL	- Converted text window icon reading code to C.
				- Text windows displayed date+time incorrectly : last digit was shown twice. Fixed.
				- Text window columns now always are wide enough to show column title
				  (e.g. empty drawer in text mode only used to show the last column spanning all window width)
				- IconActive flag didn't get updated corrected when lasso-selecting icons. Fixed.
				- Left mousebutton click toggles icon selection state when shift pressed.
	20010317	JL	- Bumped version to 222x23.

222x22	20010317	JL	- Text mode windows used incorrect font. Inserted missing SetFont() in DrawTextGadgets().
				  Special indicator bobs were broken with system bob routines. Fixed.
	20010317	JL	- Bumped version to 222x22.
			
222x21	20010317	JL	- ReadIconList() failed when called from different WindowTask (e.g. activate
				  Window #1, RMB click Window #2, select &quot;Update&quot; via popup menu). Fixed.
				- Icons in backdrop windows could be dragged to overlap each other. Fixed.
				- At D&amp;D operations, the first argument (file/drawer) didnþt get freed. Fixed.
	20010316	JL	- Prefs option &quot;Hide hidden files&quot; now hides files starting with &quot;.&quot;
				  (only in functions converted to C yet).
				- Drag/Drop copy/move forces check for update on source.
				- Changed D&amp;D special indicator handling:
				  * special bobs initially added to separate list instead of adding to srgh_boblist
				    and then moved to special bob list.
				  * drgh_boblist protected by semaphore to prevent DrawDrag() until InitDrag() finishes.
	20010315	JL	- Icon drop marks during menu popup didn't get erased properly
				  in simple-refresh windows. fixed.
	20010314	JL	- Fixed directory-reading bug with empty file names or files &quot;.info&quot;.
				- special D&amp;D indicators are now always drawn solid.
	20010313	JL	- Fixed (self-introduced) Bug in DragDropBobs.c : BlitTrans() 
				  handled masks incorrectly when width was a multiple of 16.
				- Bob functions now don't use chip memory if CyberGfxBase is available.
	20010312	JL	- Squished Bug #17 : Text window column headers no longer flicker
				  when MMB is held down and mouse is moved.
	20010310	JL	- Removed layout bug in iconwindow cleanup (icons did overlap).
	20010305	JL	- Lasso() now always uses Screen-&gt;MouseX/MouseY coordinates. 
				  No more offsets between mouse position and lasso corner !
222x20	20010303	JL	- PopupMenu now visually indicates selected icon.
				- Popup menus work without selecting window now (if any Scalos window is selected)
	20010227	JL	- finished converting main_dragdropbobs.s to C.
				- During D&amp;D, special indicators show if icon may not be dropped
				  or icons are going to be copied.
				- During D&amp;D, holding CTRL key forces copy (instead of move).
	20010221	JL	- During D&amp;D, Icons leave a &quot;shadow&quot; at their original position if 
				  &quot;Auto remove icons&quot; is enabled. This Shadow is truly transparent 
				  if possible (CyberGfx + Screen depth &gt; 8) and enabled
				  in preferences, else it is drawn &quot;ghosted&quot;.
	20010220	JL	- Removed old bug in copyfiles - after a read error, Scalos didn't stop,
				  but tried to write 0xffffffff bytes to the destination.
222x17	20010217	JL	- ported all xxxDrop() stuff to C.
				  Changed ScaBob and ScaBob2 member names to avoid conflicts with Gels Bobs.
	20010216	JL	- Fixed old bug in execomprog, formatdiskprog, shutdownprog, renameprog,
				  newdrawerprog, deleteprog, emptytrashprog : TagList for SBA_WBStart() wasn't set,
				  a1 contained garbage.
	20010211	JL	- Bug #30: Removed GM_HITTEST from TextIconClass. Now TextIcons can be selected
				  Bug #19: Text window cleanup now works.
				- by clicking anywhere in the line, not only the name field.
	20010209	JL	- Fixed bug Scalos crashing on quit with drawer windows open
	20010207	JL	- Pulled nasty bug introduced by early plugin init in ReadDiskPlugin1
	20010129	JL	- Added new IconWindow methods SCCM_IconWin_DragEnter, SCCM_IconWin_DragLeave,
				  SCCM_IconWin_DragQuery. 
				- Added Qualifier to SCCM_IconWin_DragDrop.
				- Added global Variable &quot;Default_StackSize&quot;. 
				- Added Support for ToolType &quot;DONOTPROMPT&quot; in conjunction with old ToolType &quot;CLI&quot;. 
				- Moved all datat structure definitions to file &quot;scalos_structures.i&quot;. 
				- Created C header file &quot;scalos_structures.h&quot;.
				- Actual Plugin Data (e.g. instance size) is read before MakeClass()
				- Changed view of dragging selected icons to dragging a &quot;stack&quot; of max. 3 icons
				- When dragging, icons/windows indicate where things may be dropped.
				- Lasso activates icons on the fly now.
				- Popup menu titles reflect icon names.
	20010113	JL	- Ported to assemble with PhxAss. PhxAss doesn't like constructs like &quot;iconnode\.node&quot; 
				  so I put a prefix on all structure members e.g. &quot;in_node&quot;.

39.220	20010111	DM	- Converted Juergen's fixes to values instead of constants, AsmOne seems to not like some of the included OS files - in various files
	20001231	MC0002	- Added includes for various lvo/#?.i
	20001230	MC0001	- Added exec/libraries.i for LIB_VERSION() macro
				  and OS3.5 asm includes for workbench.library, imageclass.i
	20001217	DM000A	- Removed include file main_about.s - all code now in C!
	20001212	DM0009	- Added some code for calling debug startup/shutdown C functions
	20001122	DM0007	- Removed about_pattern from main_tables.s and put into about.c (the only place that was using it)
				  All logo stuff moved from main_scalos.s to main_about.s (only place it is used)
	2000		DM0006
	2000		DM0005
	20001114	DM0004	- started converting the about requester and related code to C as a test of how painful this is going to be :)
	20001107	DM0003	- added the includes imports.i and exports.i. used for when combining with C code. Also added workaround for symbol export bug in AsmXXX
	20000903	DM0002	- Bumped version and date to 39.220 (1.2c) and 3/9/00
				- Fixed enforcer hit when there is no main menu prefs file on startup
				- Noticed that main menu prefs aren't read in with prefslib!

39.219	20000726	DM0001	- Altered some lines in readmainprefs routine so that scratch registers are reloaded before use
	19991130	CDH0001	- Added code for new &quot;formatdisk&quot; command from Menu Prefs
	19991204	CDH0002	- Added code for &quot;SystemInfo.module&quot; from About requester
	19991205	CDH0003	- Added code for new &quot;shutdown&quot; command from Menu Prefs


Scalos main Preferences


 40.13	20040827	+jl+	- Added passing of tooltypes on to prefs plugins.
 40.12	20040718	+jl+	- Added font preview for icon font, and text window font.
 				- In the &quot;drag and drop&quot; section, added new qualifier 
				  input field for &quot;Create links&quot; and &quot;Force move&quot;.
				- On the &quot;Miscellaneous&quot; page, added a cycle gadget to 
				  select the type of links Scalos generates.
 40.11	20040516	+jl+	- Added new prefs page for TrueType font settings. TT Font 
				  selection is available for icons, text windows and 
				  tooltips and the &quot;About&quot; window (&quot;Screen font&quot;).
 				- Added checking for custom MUI MCCs and MCC versions.
 				- Enabled &quot;Multiple Lines&quot; switch for icon text.
 40.10			+jl+	- Rearranged prefs pages - created new prefs
 				  group &quot;Drag and Drop&quot;.
 40.9
 40.8	20040111	+jl+	- Added slider for degree of default icon 
				  drawing transparency.
 				- Transparency settings and &quot;Custom&quot; bob routines
 				  are now disabled when noo CyberGfx library found
 				  or when Workbench screen has no more than 256 colours.
 40.7	20040107	+jl+	- Several Datatypes images were no longer 
				  visible after iconify/uniconify. Fixed.
				- Added icon for iconified state.
 40.6	20040101 	+JL+	- Added gadget to adjust Scalos default stack size.
 40.5	20031227	+jl+	- Replaced MUI NFloattext class by Floattext.
 40.4   20031218	+jl+	- Updated Scalos URL to &quot;scalos.noname.fr&quot;.
 40.3   20031216	+jl+	- Added missing load/save functions for 
				  Tooltip delay
 40.2	20031117	+jl+	- &quot;Add plugin&quot; command erroneously cleared 
				  internal plugin list.
 				- Changed module image display from 
				  TransferAnimObject to DataTypesMCCObject.
 40.1	20030104	+jl+	- Rewritten from scratch, based on code by Budda.
	20030710 	+JL+	- Initial release 40.1


Scalos FileTypes Preferences


 40.6	20041111	+jl+	- Replaced Assembler library startup code by C.
				  No functional changes.
 40.5	20040828	+jl+	- Added menu option and tooltype to hide all 
				  empty filetype entries.
 40.4	20040703	+jl+	- Added font preview to TTTFONT editing window.
 40.3	20040222	+jl+	- Changing the &quot;create icons&quot; menu item had no effect.
 				- Added TrueType font support for ToolTips (new TTFONT 
				  attribute for STRING).
 40.2	20040108	+jl+	- Added icon for iconified state.
				- Bugfix: Fixed handling of internal &quot;modified&quot; flag.
 				- Added lamp indicator for &quot;modified&quot; flags.
 40.1	20031211	+JL+	- Initial release 40.1


Scalos Menu Preferences


 40.12	20041111	+jl+	- Replaced Assembler library startup code by C.
				  No functional changes.
 40.10	20040424	+jl+	- Bugfix: Fixed handling of internal &quot;modified&quot; flag.
 				- Added lamp indicator for &quot;modified&quot; flags.
 				- Menu command &quot;Merge&quot; erroneously cleared the existing 
				  entries before importing the new ones. Fixed.
 40.9	20040222	+jl+	- Changing the &quot;create icons&quot; menu item had no effect.
 40.8	20040108	+jl+	- Added icon for iconified state.
 40.7	20030831	+JL+	- Moved core functionaility to &quot;MenuPrefs.prefsplugin&quot;.
 40.6	20030712 	JL	- Bugfix: Removed memory leak in CLI startup code.
 40.5	20030531 	JL	- Bugfix: Popup button for IconWindow command entries now 
				  only accepts directories.
				- Bugfix: Closing command popup ASL requester with &quot;Ok&quot; 
				  button failed to enter filename into Listview element.
				- Improvement: command popup ASL requester now defaults to 
				  &quot;Scalos:Plugins/Menu/&quot; directory for menu plugins.
 40.4	20030424 	JL	- Several bugfixes that affect renaming of menu items.
				- for Workbench commands, stack size and priority are taken
				  from icon, if available.
 40.2	20030223 	JL	- Added checking of menu level and number of menu items. It 
				  is no longer possible to add a new menu to a SubMenu, or 
				  to add more than 64 MenuItems to a menu, or to add more 
				  than 32 Entries to a sub menu.
 40.1	20021226 	JL	- Rewritten from scratch in C.


Scalos Palette Preferences


 40.7	20041111	+jl+	- Replaced Assembler library startup code by C.
				  No functional changes.
 40.6	20040424	+jl+	- Bugfix: Fixed handling of internal &quot;modified&quot; flag.
 				- Added lamp indicator for &quot;modified&quot; flags.
				- Changing the &quot;create icons&quot; menu item had no effect.
 40.5	20040121	+jl+	- Number of allocatable pens was too small by 1. Fixed.
 40.4	20040108	+jl+	- Added icon for iconified state.
 40.3	20030831 	JL	- Moved core functionaility to &quot;PalettePrefs.prefsplugin&quot;.
 40.2	20030712 	JL	- Bugfix: Removed memory leak in CLI startup code.
 40.1	20020601 	JL	- Added display for number of currently allocated and 
				  available pens.
	20011225 	JL	- Rewritten from scratch in C.
				- Added separate pens for selected icon text, icon text 
				  outline, and icon text shadow.


Scalos Pattern Preferences


 40.8	20041111	+jl+	- Replaced Assembler library startup code by C.
				  No functional changes.
 40.6	20040426	+jl+	- Bugfix: Fixed handling of internal &quot;modified&quot; flag.
 				- Added lamp indicator for &quot;modified&quot; flags.
				- Changing the &quot;create icons&quot; menu item had no effect.
 40.5	20040108	+jl+	- Added icon for iconified state.
 40.4	20030831	+JL+	- Moved core functionality to &quot;PatternPrefs.prefsplugin&quot;.
 40.3	20030712	+JL+	- Bugfix: Removed memory leak in CLI startup code.
 40.2	20030129	+JL+	- Bugfix: Bubble for preview gadget was broken.
				- Bugfix: switching between &quot;tiled&quot; and &quot;fit size&quot; didn't work.
				- Rewritten from scratch in C.


Scalos LoadWB


  1.4	20040108	jl	- The functionality to wait until Scalos opens its first 
				  Window on the workbench screen can now be 
				  suppressed with NOWAIT.
  1.3	20021005 	JL	- LoadWB now waits until Scalos opened its first Window on 
				  the workbench screen. This is to avoid problems with 
				  Birdie.


picturedimensions.plugin


 40.3	20040117	+jl+	+Added localization for message strings.
 40.2	20030628	+jl+	+Fixed several memory leaks.
 40.1	20021231	+jl+	+Initial release


drawercontents.plugin


 40.3	20040117	+jl+	+Added localization for message strings.
 40.2	20030628	+jl+	+Fixed several memory leaks.
 40.1	20030104	+jl+	+Initial release


amigaiconobj35.datatype


 40.7	20031220	jl	+changed library from &quot;struct Library&quot; to &quot;struct ClassLibrary&quot;
 40.6	20030420	jl	+Added support for &quot;borderless&quot; flag.
 40.5	20021201	jl	+Enhanced cleanup - now does RemLibrary() on iconobject.datatype.
 40.4	20020815	jl	+Fixed possible enforcer hits in Expunge()
 40.3	20020131	jl	+Object pointer in A2 might have been set incorrectly under 
				 certain circumstances in OM_NEW/SetSuperImgBorders.
 40.2	20020112	jl	+Always sets IDTA_InnerLeft, IDTA_InnerTop, IDTA_InnerRight 
				 and IDTA_InnerBottom to 0 if icon has a RenderHook.
 40.1 	20020101	jl	+Removed IDTA_InnerLeft and IDTA_InnerTop checks to 
				 enable frames around masked icons
				+Added support for IDTA_SupportedIconTypes tag.
 39.31	20010627	jl	+Fixed wrong register for GetCyberMapAttr() Attribute parameter.
 39.30	20010508	jl	+some instance data is now longword aligned
 39.29	20010207	jl	+fixed 2 byte memory overwrite error in ClearMemory
 39.28	20010128	jl	+Added Semaphore protection for memory pools
 39.27	20010117	jl	+Begin revision history


amigaiconobject.datatype


 40.5 	20031220	+jl+	+changed library from &quot;struct Library&quot; to &quot;struct ClassLibrary&quot;
 40.4	20021201	+jl+	+Enhanced cleanup - now does RemLibrary() on iconobject.datatype.
 40.3	20020815	+jl+	+Fixed possible enforcer hits in Expunge()
 40.2	20020113	+jl+	+More changes for enhanced compatibility for icons with borders.
 40.1	20020101	+jl+	+Removed IDTA_InnerLeft and IDTA_InnerTop checks to 
				 enable frames around masked icons
 39.24	20010514	+jl+	+fixed mean bug in clLayout - somehow two lines had disappeared.
 39.23	20010511	+jl+	+fixed serious bug in clWrite.
 39.22	20010508	+jl+	+some instance data is now longword aligned
 39.21	20010128	+jl+	+Added Semaphore protection for memory pools
 39.20	20010117	+jl+	+All memory allocations are now being done via memory pools.


iconobject.datatype


 40.12	20040814	+jl+	+Added support for new IODRAWF_NoEraseBg flag.
 40.11	20040524	+jl+	+Added functionality to support TrueType fonts for icon text
 	20040611	+jl+	+Added support for splitting of icon text into multiple lines
 	20040611	+jl+	+Added support for transparent rendering of icon label shadow 
				 and outline (TrueType fonts only).
 40.10	20031220	+jl+	+changed library from &quot;struct Library&quot; to &quot;struct ClassLibrary&quot;
 40.9	20030420	+jl+	+Added support for per-icon &quot;borderless&quot; flag
 40.7	20020928	+jl+	+Added IDTA_UserFlags get/set tag.
 40.6	20020815	+jl+	+Fixed possible enforcer hits in Expunge()
 40.5	20020321	dm	+Fixed crash when GM_HITTEST was invoked with icon mask of NULL.
 40.4	20020320	+jl+	+GM_HITTEST was broken when icon borders were &gt; 0.
 40.3	20020201	+jl+	+Added attribute tags IDTA_MaskBM_Normal and IDTA_MaskBM_Selected.
 40.2	20020113	+jl+	+More changes for enhanced compatibility for icons with borders.
 40.1	20020101	+jl+	+Added separate pens for selected icon text, icon text 
				 outline, and icon text shadow.
 39.38	20011230	+jl+	+Major changes to support borders around os3.5 icons and NewIcons.
 39.37	20010818	+jl+	+Added IDTA_Font attribute
 39.36	20010617	+jl+	+SetAttr(IDTA_ToolTypes) now stores a COPY of the
				 provided tooltype array. Copy gets freed on Dispose.
 39.35	20010613	+jl+	+checks for &quot;FBlit&quot; on OpenLibrary and doesn't use
				 any chip memory if found.
 39.34	20010508	+jl+	+longword-aligned structure IconObjectInst.
 39.33	20010429	+jl+	+Displays underlined text if IDTA_isLink is TRUE.
 39.32	20010311	+jl+	+Uses no chip mem if cybergraphics is found.
 39.31	20010209	+jl+	+Added missing &quot;ret&quot; in LibClose ... 
				 fixes crash on Scalos closing.
 39.30	20010128	+jl+	+Added Semaphore protection for memory pools
 39.29	20010117	+jl+	+All memory allocations are now being done via memory pools.
 39.28	20010114	+jl+	+fixed memory leak with iobj_name


newiconobject.datatype


 40.5 	20031220	+jl+	+changed library from &quot;struct Library&quot; to &quot;struct ClassLibrary&quot;
 40.4	20021201	+jl+	+Enhanced cleanup - now does RemLibrary() on iconobject.datatype.
 40.3	20020815	+jl+	+Fixed possible enforcer hits in Expunge()
 40.2	20020113	+jl+	+More changes for enhanced compatibility for icons with borders.
 40.1	20020101	+jl+	+Removed IDTA_InnerLeft and IDTA_InnerTop checks to 
				 enable frames around masked icons
 39.24	20011206	+jl+	+Fixed reversed check for IOFREELAYOUTB_ScreenAvailable 
				 in idtm_freelayout.
 39.23	20010714	+jl+	+Fixed bug in DTM_Write with IDTA_ToolTypes.
 39.22	20010627	+jl+	+Fixed wrong register for GetCyberMapAttr() Attribute parameter.
 39.21	20010508	+jl+	+some instance data is now longword aligned
 39.20	20010128	+jl+	+Added Semaphore protection for memory pools
 39.19	20010120	+jl+	+All memory allocations are now being done via memory pools.


pngiconobject.datatype


 40.12	20041111	+jl+	+Replaced Assembler library startup code by C.
				 No functional changes.
 40.11	20040915	+jl+	+Bugfix: icon mask generation clipped some pixels 
				 at right border. Fixed.
 40.10	20040801	+jl+	+Default icons were not saved to the correct path.
 40.9	20040523	+jl+	+Fixed severe memory trashing. Datatype used to overwrite 
				 random memory with some icons.
 40.8	20040429	+jl+	+Datatype now correctly recognizes and renders 
				 AppIcons generated by PowerIcons.
 40.7	20040226	+jl+	+Plugged several memory holes.
 40.6	20040111	+jl+	+Added support for default icons via IDTA_DefType tag.
 40.5	20040109	+jl+	+Now supports extra information about original 
				 object (Path+Name) for the determination 
				 of icon type.
 40.4	20040105	+jl+	+Iconobjects now use DrawerData defaults from 
				 icon.library default icon of the same type.
 40.3	20040104	+jl+	+Fixed severe bug that trashed random memory. 
				 Only occured with icons without fixed position.
 40.2	20040102	+jl+	+Added optimization in alpha-blending routines.
 				+Fixed trashing of icon image data 
				 during IDTM_Write.
				+Disk icons (WBDISK) were not recognized properly.
 40.1	20011221	+jl+	+Initial version


iconobject.library


 40.4	20041110	+jl+	- Removed Assembler library startup code. 
				  No functional changes.
 40.3	20021201	+jl+	- Improved cleanup code: FreeClassList() now calls 
				  RemLibrary() for each datatype.
				- Added capability to copy/cut/paste attributes.
 40.2	20020815	+jl+	- Fixed possible Enforcer hit in Expunge()
 40.1	20020101	+jl+	- Added new library function Convert2IconObjectA()


wbrexx.plugin


 39.18	20041113	jl	+Replaced Assembler library startup functions 
				 by C code. No functional changes.
 39.17	20031222 	JL	+Changed &quot;OpenDrawerByName()&quot; to make use of the 
				 Scalos iconobject datatypes. 
 39.16	20030112	JL	+Removed some dependencies on undocumented internal 
				 Scalos data structures.
 39.15	20021206 	JL	+Added &quot;MENU INVOKE WINDOW.CLEANUPBY.NAME/DATE&quot;
				 &quot;/SIZE/TYPE&quot; functions.
				+Added &quot;ICON MOVE IN/OUT&quot; functions.
				+Added &quot;MENU INVOKE WINDOW.RESIZETOFIT&quot; function.
 39.14	20021130 	JL	+Added &quot;ICON ACTIVATE UP/DOWN/LEFT/RIGHT&quot; functions.
				+Fixed order of which icons get select with 
				 &quot;ICON CYCLE NEXT/PREV&quot; function.
 39.13	20020927 	JL	+Fixed bug in AddMenuItem() and AddKeyboardCommand()
				 which could lead to crashed when trying to add items
				 with already exiting names.
 39.12	20020131 	JL	+Now supports adding menu subitems and new menus. Using
				 this new features requires Scalos V40.20.
 39.11	20011030 	JL	+Fixed serious initialisation problem in Scalos 
				 preview mode, leading to crash on any keyboard input.
 39.10	20011020 	JL	+No longer initializes if Scalos is running in 
				 preview mode.
 39.9	20011008 	JL	+Changed priority to -79 in order to make it work 
				 for text windows.
				+&quot;ICON MAKEVISIBLE&quot; didn't always work correctly for 
				 text windows. Fixed.
 39.8	20010927 	JL	+Added missing MENU and KEYBOARD functions.
				+Fixed several bugs GETATTR function.
 39.7	20010719 	JL 	+Forgot to UnLock() lock in FindWindowByName(). Fixed.
 39.6	20010718 	JL 	+Changed matching algorithm in FindWindowByName(), 
				 important for all WINDOW commands.


wb39.plugin


 45.28	20041113	jl	+Replaced Assembler library startup functions 
				 by C code. No functional changes.
 45.27	20040612	JL	+Fixed enforcer hits when text window icons were 
				 renamed with AsyncWB (Added translation of text icon 
				 types in ChangeWorkbenchSelectionA() ).
 45.26	20040103 	JL	+Added several undocumented WorkbenchControl() tags, 
		    		 WBCtrl doesn't fail, however, not all values are used.
    				+MaxCopyMem can now be changed via 
				 WorkbenchControlA() calls.
 45.25	20031222 	JL	+Changed &quot;OpenDrawerByName()&quot; to make use of the 
				 Scalos iconobject datatypes. 
 45.24	20030112 	JL	+Removed some dependencies on undocumented internal 
				 Scalos data structures.
 45.23	20020914 	JL	+Added support for V45 WBOPENA_Show and WBOPENA_ViewBy
				 tags to OpenWorkbenchObjectA emulation.
 45.22	20020110 	JL	+The AMTYPE_APPWINDOW AppMessages generated in 
				 AppWindow.c had wrong mn_Replyport. Fixed.
 45.21	20011231 	JL	+Added support for &quot;No Color Icons&quot; and &quot;No NewIcons&quot; 
				 workbench prefs settings.
 45.20	20011223 	JL	+Avoid excessive Scalos root window updates 
				 with AddHiddenDevice/RemHiddenDevice.
 45.19	20011204 	JL	+Added support for (undocumented) CloseWB/OpenWB hook list.
				+Added Support for (undocumented) set/clear icon.library 
				 global screen.
 45.18	20011129 	JL	+Added support for getting and setting delete, copy, 
				 and text input hooks (undocumented).
 45.17	20011116 	JL	+fVolumeGauge was not longer checked. Fixed.
				+WB prefs are now checked each time a new device 
				 window is opened.
 45.16	20011020 	JL	+No longer installs patches if Scalos is running in 
				 preview mode.
 45.15	20011010 	JL	+Added proper handling for WorkbenchControl() tags 
				 WBCTRLA_SetTypeRestartTime and WBCTRLA_GetTypeRestartTime.
	20011008 	JL	+Changed priority to -89.
 45.14	20010714 	JL	After WBCTRLA_AddHiddenDeviceName and 
				WBCTRLA_RemoveHiddenDeviceName, now does 
				SCCM_IconWin_Update on root window.
 45.13	20010708 	JL	When opening drawer windows, DDVM_BYICON now gets 
				translated into IDTV_ViewModes_Icon.
	20010623 	JL	Added full Support for WBCTRLA_GetDefaultStackSize and
				WBCTRLA_GetProgramList, using new SCA_ScalosControl() call.
	20010524 	JL	HiddenDeviceList entries now get ln_Type=0x67 so
				Workbench prefs/IPrefs correctly removes old entries from list.
	20010523 	JL	Added additional argument checking to myWorkbenchControlA()
				Added Semaphore protection for HiddenDeviceList
	20010520 	DM	Some other small fixes
	20010518 	DM	Hidden device list completely supported (needs devicefilter.plugin
				to actually hide devices).
				Hidden devices read from workbench prefs file (scalos_helper.c)
	20010124 	JL	Fixed Malfunction of AddAppWindowDropZoneA() with WBDZA_Box


persist.plugin


 39.19	20041113	jl	+ Replaced Assembler library startup functions 
				  by C code. No functional changes.
 39.18	20031222	JL	- Changed &quot;OpenDrawerByName()&quot; to make use of the 
				  Scalos iconobject datatypes. 
 39.17	20020501	JL	- &quot;Persistant_Windows&quot; file no longer is deleted during 
				  initialization. The advantage is, if Scalos crashed before 
				  the first window gets re-opened, the Persistant_Windows 
				  file is untouched. As soon as the first window opens, 
				  the Persistant_Windows file is rewritten.
				- The re-opened windows won't get activated (works with 
				  Scalos V40.22+).
 39.16	20011228	JL	- Disabled some Printf() calls.
 39.15	20010803	JL	- Reversed order in which windows are reopened.
 39.14	20010730	JL	- Changed name of prefs file from &quot;ENVARC:Scalos/Persist.config&quot;
				  to &quot;ENV:Scalos/Persist.prefs&quot;.
				- &quot;Use_SCA_Iconify&quot; now default to &quot;1&quot; if scalos.library 
				  version is at least 40.
 39.13			JL	- Name of persistant windows status file is now configurable 
				  in &quot;ENVARC:Scalos/Persist.config&quot;.
 39.12			JL	- When re-opening drawer windows,
	    	      DDVM_BYICON now gets translated into IDTV_ViewModes_Icon.
 39.11	 		JL	- when re-opening window in iconified state, now immediately adds
				  entry in persist file (no SCCM_Window_Open will occur, so otherwise 
				  no entry would be generated at all).
 39.10	 		JL	- prefs file may contain comment lines beginning with &quot;#&quot;.
				  empty lines in prefs file will be ignored.
				  iconified windows are remembered and re-iconified on startup.


volumegauge.plugin


 39.6	20041113	jl	+Replaced Assembler library startup functions 
				 by C code. No functional changes.
 39.5	20030112 	JL	+Removed some dependencies on undocumented internal 
				 Scalos data structures.
 39.4	20011110		- some changes for compatibility with Scalos 40.14.


deficons.plugin


 ./.	20031231	JL	- Depracated since functionality has been integrated 
				  into Scalos main program.
 45.6	20011230	JL	- OpenLibraries was called twice. Fixed.
				- Added support for individually enabled/disabled icon types.


xtwindows.plugin


 40.5	20040102	JL	- Adapted to changed OpenDrawerByName() function, now 
				  uses iconobject.library instead of icon.library.


ScalosCtrl


 40.16	20040104	JL	+ Added new CBS=COPYBUFFSIZE parameter.
	20040102		- Added &quot;QUERY&quot; command line switch.

&lt;/pre&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rokmbhfhivlaqfndu1eodr5p9jjbx2y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Natural Disasters/Hurricane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448103</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088402</id>
      <parentid>4088212</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:00:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackBot</username>
        <id>396820</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Formatting, [[Special:UncategorizedPages]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="458" xml:space="preserve">==Preperation==

==During==

==After==

==Gallery==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;400px&quot;&gt;
File:Preparing for a Hurricane.webm|Video: Preparing for a Hurricane.
File:Evacuating the Area of a Hurricane.webm|Video: Evacuating the Area of a Hurricane.
File:Electrical Safety During a Hurricane.webm|Video: Electrical Safety During a Hurricane.
File:Hurricane Preparedness.webm|Video: Know How to Stay Safe and Healthy After A Hurricane.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>rwiz8umwosvp3vipy0qd0t2i30x4988</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Tequila</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>448105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088292</id>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:44:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nostriker</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>created ingredient page</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2770" xml:space="preserve">{{Ingredient}}
[[File:Tequilas.JPG|thumb|Commercially-available brands of tequila]]
'''Tequila''' is a distilled [[Cookbook:Alcohol|alcohol]] made from the heart of the Weber blue agave. It is a variety of ''mezcal'', which is a class of liquors made from agave plants. The name comes from the town of Tequila in Mexico, and the liquor can only be produced in one of five regions of Mexico to be considered tequila.

== Production ==
To make tequila, the leaves of the blue agave are removed to reveal the heart, or piña. The hearts are roasted or steamed to break down the starch prior to fermentation. They are then crushed to yield a juice that is left to ferment for several days. The fermentation yields a product with a relatively low alcohol content (~6%), and this fermented product must be distilled to concentrate the alcohol. The distillate must be aged for at least 14 days, and it may be aged longer depending on the desired final characteristics.

== Characteristics ==
Depending on the specifications of different countries' regulating authorities, tequila generally contains at least around 35-40% alcohol by volume. At least 51% of the fermented sugars must come from the blue agave; lower quality tequilas may supplement the remainder with other sugars such as [[Cookbook:Molasses|molasses]] or [[Cookbook:Corn Syrup|corn syrup]]. Tequila is generally characterized as earthy, although the exact flavor profile will depend on its aging.
[[File:Tequila Silver, Reposado, and Anejo.jpg|alt=Three different varieties of tequila by age (left to right: blanco, reposado, añejo)|thumb|Three different varieties of tequila by age (left to right: blanco, reposado, añejo)]]

=== Types ===
The following are the different types of tequila by age:

* '''Blanco''': Clear liquor aged only to the minimum requirement.
* '''Joven or oro''': Lightly colored mixture of white and aged tequila
* '''Reposado''': Aged in oak barrels for at least two months
* '''Añejo''': Aged in barrels for at least a year
* '''Extra añejo''': Aged in barrels for at least three years

== Uses ==
Like other hard liquors, tequila may be consumed on its own or as a component of mixed drinks; well-known tequila drinks include the margarita and the tequila sunrise. It is also used in both savory and sweet cooking. It is often paired with lime.

== Recipes ==

* [[Cookbook:Tequila Lime Strip Steak|Tequila Lime Strip Steak]]
* [[Cookbook:Tequila Lime Hot Wings|Tequila Lime Hot Wings]]

== External links ==

* https://www.thespruceeats.com/all-about-tequila-760706
* https://www.decanter.com/spirits/learn-about-tequila-403851/
* https://www.foodnetwork.com/how-to/packages/food-network-essentials/what-is-tequila-made-from
* https://vinepair.com/explore/category-type/tequila/</text>
      <sha1>qlncu6cjq11u2odcgjhwpuj8ypr7jw9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook talk:Nigerian Almond Milk</title>
    <ns>103</ns>
    <id>448106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088295</id>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T16:54:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nostriker</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Title */ new section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="371" xml:space="preserve">== Title ==

Is there anything about this recipe that is specifically Nigerian in origin? It seems similar to homemade almond milk recipes I've seen from other cultures. If there is no objection I will change the name accordingly. -- [[User:Nostriker|Nostriker]] ([[User talk:Nostriker|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nostriker|contribs]]) 16:54, 31 July 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>nrzfj9hi6v5bx64i56zqty5cw6u9hsn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Medical Machines/Microtomes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448107</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088311</id>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T17:46:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Initialized page with cursory content.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" xml:space="preserve">More information pending.

{{Wikipedia|Microtome}} 

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7p1wdmsvip05hfkdwscx1o4yr3x59gm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088346</id>
      <parentid>4088311</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:59:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed title.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="222" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Microtomes&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
More information pending.

{{Wikipedia|Microtome}} 

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qt1wrw0zm89v1ofuwm7y6ucsr5c0ar6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Medical Machines/Oxygen Concentrators</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448108</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088344</id>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:56:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Initialized page with rudimentary information.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="240" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Oxygen Concentrators&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
More information pending.
{{Wikipedia|Oxygen concentrator}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>amefsp0pg8mmtfdt10to0pogh1f5m41</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gaming Video: A How To Guide</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448109</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088345</id>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T18:56:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RDBury</username>
        <id>100013</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Create page</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6975" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

For console games, you can buy stand-alone devices which record the video.

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.</text>
      <sha1>jxly2whvm1ylngkc8d90osjiokrhzea</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088401</id>
      <parentid>4088345</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T01:00:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackBot</username>
        <id>396820</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Formatting, [[Special:UncategorizedPages]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6988" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

For console games, you can buy stand-alone devices which record the video.

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

{{shelves}}</text>
      <sha1>gx8pi3ewcojh21knkz5puh84oowsbex</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088422</id>
      <parentid>4088401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:24:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Different sub-genres */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7088" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

For console games, you can buy stand-alone devices which record the video.

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

{{shelves}}</text>
      <sha1>h7dpiro89hcde2j0tra1sxuwc77q775</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088425</id>
      <parentid>4088422</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:31:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* What you will need */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7379" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

{{shelves}}</text>
      <sha1>84g92ttkmco9xn7a2c998zye37h0bzc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088426</id>
      <parentid>4088425</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:32:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7411" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

{{shelves|Electronic games}}
{{Status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>cflxsgah5kc3i141xjnjz9fhh9n2b0k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088428</id>
      <parentid>4088426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:35:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Different sub-genres */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7493" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
[[File:Let's Play 0 AD.webm|thumb|An example of a Let's Play, for the game 0 AD]]
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

{{shelves|Electronic games}}
{{Status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>t6pgpcuv74vmhcatpgmagfk45nwy1kw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088429</id>
      <parentid>4088428</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:57:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Different sub-genres */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7724" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
[[File:Let's Play 0 AD.webm|thumb|An example of a Let's Play, for the game 0 AD]]
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Documentary or preservation: In instances where a game may be lost to time (Typically when a multiplayer service is shut down), a video recording can faithfully show how players interacted with a game while it was on the market.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

{{shelves|Electronic games}}
{{Status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>iucegtf4jub3t30we050e0li5jz3gj7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088431</id>
      <parentid>4088429</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:06:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* What you will need */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8142" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
[[File:Let's Play 0 AD.webm|thumb|An example of a Let's Play, for the game 0 AD]]
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Documentary or preservation: In instances where a game may be lost to time (Typically when a multiplayer service is shut down), a video recording can faithfully show how players interacted with a game while it was on the market.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Camera setup (optional)
If you plan on including reaction style content in your videos, a webcam or other camera will let you capture a video feed of yourself as you play your game. This video feed can then be superimposed in the video using software. A green screen or other chroma key will allow you to more easily remove the background from this video feed using software, giving more space for gameplay footage.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

{{shelves|Electronic games}}
{{Status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>ckg006j9vbf3n29f1i3skf4udrz41xb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088438</id>
      <parentid>4088431</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:18:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* What you will need */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8441" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
[[File:Let's Play 0 AD.webm|thumb|An example of a Let's Play, for the game 0 AD]]
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Documentary or preservation: In instances where a game may be lost to time (Typically when a multiplayer service is shut down), a video recording can faithfully show how players interacted with a game while it was on the market.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Camera setup (optional)
If you plan on including reaction style content in your videos, a webcam or other camera will let you capture a video feed of yourself as you play your game. This video feed can then be superimposed in the video using software. 

Your camera feed can be enhanced or modified a number of ways. A green screen or other chroma key will allow you to more easily remove the background from this video feed using software, giving more space for gameplay footage, or to permit the use of a virtual background. Alternatively, if you would prefer to use a cartoon or 3D model for reactions, special avatar software can translate your movements captured on camera into a reaction on a virtual avatar.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

{{shelves|Electronic games}}
{{Status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>pk2kf2gzy4qiyiv03sstq896figyyqn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088439</id>
      <parentid>4088438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:23:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* What you will need */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8535" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
[[File:Let's Play 0 AD.webm|thumb|An example of a Let's Play, for the game 0 AD]]
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Documentary or preservation: In instances where a game may be lost to time (Typically when a multiplayer service is shut down), a video recording can faithfully show how players interacted with a game while it was on the market.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. These built in features are often limited in video quality, as well as in recording duration. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Camera setup (optional)
If you plan on including reaction style content in your videos, a webcam or other camera will let you capture a video feed of yourself as you play your game. This video feed can then be superimposed in the video using software. 

Your camera feed can be enhanced or modified a number of ways. A green screen or other chroma key will allow you to more easily remove the background from this video feed using software, giving more space for gameplay footage, or to permit the use of a virtual background. Alternatively, if you would prefer to use a cartoon or 3D model for reactions, special avatar software can translate your movements captured on camera into a reaction on a virtual avatar.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

{{shelves|Electronic games}}
{{Status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>i2c0p3vdbnbi9ig9l3es0afajtzovdl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088441</id>
      <parentid>4088439</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:27:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8663" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
[[File:Let's Play 0 AD.webm|thumb|An example of a Let's Play, for the game 0 AD]]
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Documentary or preservation: In instances where a game may be lost to time (Typically when a multiplayer service is shut down), a video recording can faithfully show how players interacted with a game while it was on the market.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. These built in features are often limited in video quality, as well as in recording duration. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Camera setup (optional)
If you plan on including reaction style content in your videos, a webcam or other camera will let you capture a video feed of yourself as you play your game. This video feed can then be superimposed in the video using software. 

Your camera feed can be enhanced or modified a number of ways. A green screen or other chroma key will allow you to more easily remove the background from this video feed using software, giving more space for gameplay footage, or to permit the use of a virtual background. Alternatively, if you would prefer to use a cartoon or 3D model for reactions, special avatar software can translate your movements captured on camera into a reaction on a virtual avatar.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

==Related Wikibooks==
* [[Open Broadcaster Software]] - A guide to a popular screen capture software. (Now known as OBS Studio)
{{shelves|Electronic games}}
{{Status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>ls6yhodkl3i0xml4b3xa97wh5tqrfjg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088444</id>
      <parentid>4088441</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:33:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Related Wikibooks */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8671" xml:space="preserve">With video games becoming a major part of the entertainment industry, the advent of video capture devices and screen recording software, and the existence user-driven streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch, a new art form which combines all three has come about in recent years. Previously, the experience of playing a video game was a more or less solo experience; at most it could be shared with a few friends in the same room. Now you can record you experience and share it with people from all over the world, or live stream your game so people can watch with you as you play.

But if you actually want to be a creator in this new realm, there are several technical hurdles you must overcome, and a few new skills you must master which have little to do with your game playing skills. It's a lot more complicated than just pressing a &quot;Record&quot; button while you play. This guide is intended to help beginners over the hurdles and teach the skills needed to create and make public your own game experiences.

== Different sub-genres ==
There are several different sub-genres, and knowing what to call them will help your viewers to find you.
* Live stream: This is where you play the game live for your audience. On most platforms which support live streaming, you can see viewers comments via text while you're playing, and respond if you want to. A possible disadvantage is that you can't edit the content.
[[File:Let's Play 0 AD.webm|thumb|An example of a Let's Play, for the game 0 AD]]
* Let's Play: This is where you record yourself playing the game. In this case you can edit the content to remove pauses and uneventful sections. Otherwise it's very similar to just sharing your experience playing the game.
** Blind: A blind Let's Play is where you're recording yourself playing the game for the first time and with little or no previous knowledge of the story. In this way you're sharing your reactions to events and plot developments as they happen. Some types of games are better for blind Let's Plays than others.
* Walkthrough/guide: If you're already an expert at a game, and think others might benefit from what you've learned, you can create a walkthrough which guides new players through any problem areas. Or if you've discovered a new strategy you can share it with others.
* Review/First look: This is where you can discuss the merits or problems with a game. In this case, you're taking a few representative scenes from the game rather than the entire thing. A &quot;First look&quot; is generally shorter and only covers the early part of a game, and is used for recently published games. Either way, the idea is to help viewers decide if they want to purchase the game for themselves.
* Speedruns, glitch exploits, and other stunts: Here, you're just recording the fact that you can complete the game in a certain time, or completing the game under some unusual condition.
* Highlights: A short video showing one specific event in a game, typically a feat of player skill.
* Documentary or preservation: In instances where a game may be lost to time (Typically when a multiplayer service is shut down), a video recording can faithfully show how players interacted with a game while it was on the market.
* Other: The format is flexible so you can try your own innovations. You might create a video exploring the back-story and lore associated with the game's characters and world. Or a video which pokes fun at everything that happens in the game. The sub-genres are just labels, not boxes you have to fit your ideas into.

=== Commentary ===
One decision you need to make is whether to include commentary. Commentary allows you to share your thoughts and feelings about what's happening in the game. But not all viewers appreciate commentary and prefer to just watch the gameplay. Commentary is necessary for walkthroughs and reviews, but it would probably be a distraction in a speedrun. If you do decide to do commentary, then you will need a microphone to record it. It's usually worthwhile to invest in a good microphone instead of relying on what may have come with your computer.

Commentary can either be live, in other word recorded as you play, or recorded after the fact. A Let's Play would usually either have live commentary or no commentary at all. On the other hand review or video about lore would general have audio recorded after editing.

== What you will need ==
;A game, preferably one you like playing

;Recording software or a recording device
For games you can play on a computer, you can run recording software while the game is playing to record what's happening. Be aware however, the resources available on a computer are limited, and if your game stretches the capacity of your computer then the additional load of recording the video may cause problems.

Since the mid 2010's many video game consoles have come with limited video capture capabilities built in. These built in features are often limited in video quality, as well as in recording duration. For consoles without this feature, or for greater control of video quality, an external recording device is needed. These come in a few varieties, and are typically either oriented to older style consoles (RF, Composite jacks), or newer consoles (HDMI ports).

In any case, knowing how to set up the software or device to get the best results is skill in itself.

;Microphone (for commentary)
If you're going to do commentary then you will need a microphone to record it. One with digital output such as USB is recommended since it will not pick up interference from your computer. Headphones for listening are a good idea as well since you don't want to game sound to echo in your microphone. A headset with headphone plus mike will usually perform both functions well.

It's best to keep your audio environment in mind as well. Find an area free of street and household noises if possible. Put your phone on vibrate and take common sense precautions to keep extraneous sounds from being recorded.

;Video editing software (except for live streams)
Unless you're doing a live stream you'll need to edit your video. Editing is another skill in itself, but fortunately you don't need to be an expert to put together a gaming video.

;Video player (optional)
You should be able to watch your video in the editor, but it won't hurt to have an alternate way of reviewing your final cut. It should be sophisticated enough do fast to step through a video frame by frame and to provide information about video quality.

;Camera setup (optional)
If you plan on including reaction style content in your videos, a webcam or other camera will let you capture a video feed of yourself as you play your game. This video feed can then be superimposed in the video using software. 

Your camera feed can be enhanced or modified a number of ways. A green screen or other chroma key will allow you to more easily remove the background from this video feed using software, giving more space for gameplay footage, or to permit the use of a virtual background. Alternatively, if you would prefer to use a cartoon or 3D model for reactions, special avatar software can translate your movements captured on camera into a reaction on a virtual avatar.

;Image editor (except for live streams)
You might think that if you upload a video to YouTube that it will create a thumbnail image for it automatically. While YouTube does offer to create a thumbnail, it's just a single frame chosen more or less at random. It's almost always better to create your own thumbnail, one which will catch a viewer's eye and provide some information about the video itself. But images don't create themselves; you generally have to combine elements from the game and other sources, text, and perhaps special effects to create a good thumbnail image. You'll need a image editor to put all these things together and create an image. An image editor and the skill needed to use it may have other benefits as well.

;A streaming service creator account
A YouTube gaming channel channel is, at it's core, a YouTube channel. You'll need to master the mechanics of uploading videos or streaming live, and of publishing and organizing your videos. If you're really serious about catching views then there are all sorts of analytics you can study. There are also complex issues of monetization and age restrictions you should at least be familiar with at a basic level, even if you don't expect to receive any income from your channel.

==Related Wikibooks==
* [[Open Broadcaster Software]] - A general guide to a popular screen capture software. (Now known as OBS Studio)
{{shelves|Electronic games}}
{{Status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>0rvqk6i1mvnyafvj56cwpfyuzq7t0hp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Medical Machines/Microscopes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448110</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088351</id>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T19:17:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reinitialized with rudimentary information.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="231" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:2rem;background:#98fb98;line-height:2.5rem;&quot;&gt;Microscopes&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{{Wikipedia|Microscopes}}
{{Commons category|Microscopes}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>20j0qfbp0ar3l78c3wwz3o7eciioj8l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Book:Gaming Video: A How To Guide</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>448111</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088427</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T03:33:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{book category header}}  {{BookCat}}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{book category header}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ptt9drnitry3svbos36hzjb54f56f99</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Financial Math FM/Determinants of Interest Rates</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448112</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088432</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:07:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt; =Learning objectives= The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the components of interest, and how to perform related calculations. =Learning outcomes= The Candidate will be able to: * Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium. * Explain how the components of interest...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1367" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the
components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
* Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
* Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
* Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
* Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
* Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>lrbfxt6xisu0p6p4em2k5wvk48r8kbb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088437</id>
      <parentid>4088432</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:15:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4551" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the
components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
* Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
* Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
* Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
* Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
* Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.
=Theories explaining why interest rate differ by term=
===Expectation theory===
According to {{colored em|expectation theory}}, the {{colored em|relative attraction}} of short and longer term investments will {{colored em|vary}} according to the {{colored em|expectation}} of future movements in interest rates.

An expectation of {{colored em|decrease}} (increase) in interest rate at the future makes short-term investment {{colored em|less}} (more&lt;ref&gt;since investors 
can take out money from short-term investment more quickly and 
invest at a higher future interest rate at the future&lt;/ref&gt;) attractive, and longer term investments {{colored em|more}} &lt;ref&gt;since investors can enjoy the current interest rate (which is expected to be higher than future interest rates) for a long time if they invest in longer term investments&lt;/ref&gt; (less) attractive. 

Thus, because of the change in demand, the yields on short-term investments will {{colored em|increase}} (decrease) and that on long-term investment will {{colored em|decrease}} (increase). 
===Liquidity preference theory===
According to {{colored em|liquidity preference theory}}, longer dated bonds are 
{{colored em|more sensitive}} to interest rate movements than short dated bonds,
since investors prefer liquidity, and thus will be more sensitive about the return of long-term bonds before locking their money in long-term bonds.
Also, it is {{colored em|assumed}} that risk averse investors will require compensation (in the form of higher yields) 
for the greater {{colored em|risk}} of {{colored em|loss}} on longer bonds.
It may explain some of the {{colored em|excess}} return offered on long-term bonds over short-term bonds.
===Market segmentation theory===
According to {{colored em|market segmentation theory}}, bonds of {{colored em|different}} terms are attractive to {{colored em|different}} investors, who choose assets 
that are similar in {{colored em|term}} to their liabilities.
That is, if liabilities of an investor are mainly short-term (long-term), then short-term (long-term) bonds will be chosen by the investor.

Thus, the demand for bonds will differ in different terms.
Also, the {{colored em|supply}} of bonds will also vary by term, because of the strategies used by the seller of bonds, e.g. companies and government.

As a result, due to different forces of supply and demand, the effective interest rate will vary according to the term.
{{colored exercise|
We have mentioned that the effective interest rate typically increases when the term is longer.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{ {{colored em|According to expectation theory}}, is there typically an expectation of increase or decrease in interest rate at the future, given this? 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ increase
|| increase in the expected interest rate makes the long-term investment have a higher yield, i.e. higher effective interest rate
- decrease

{ Suppose an investor is paying a mortgage loan that lasts for 30 years. Will the investor be likely to choose long-term or short-term bonds to invest, {{colored em|according to market segmentation theory}}? 
+ long-term
|| since the loan (i.e. liabilities) is long-term
- short-term
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>f8y4b80eoxdwbc9pxv41yycen24xlkl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088440</id>
      <parentid>4088437</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:23:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4885" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the
components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
* Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
* Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
* Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
* Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
* Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.
=Theories explaining why interest rate differ by term=
==Expectation theory==
According to {{colored em|expectation theory}}, the {{colored em|relative attraction}} of short and longer term investments will {{colored em|vary}} according to the {{colored em|expectation}} of future movements in interest rates.

An expectation of {{colored em|decrease}} (increase) in interest rate at the future makes short-term investment {{colored em|less}} (more&lt;ref&gt;since investors 
can take out money from short-term investment more quickly and 
invest at a higher future interest rate at the future&lt;/ref&gt;) attractive, and longer term investments {{colored em|more}} &lt;ref&gt;since investors can enjoy the current interest rate (which is expected to be higher than future interest rates) for a long time if they invest in longer term investments&lt;/ref&gt; (less) attractive. 

Thus, because of the change in demand, the yields on short-term investments will {{colored em|increase}} (decrease) and that on long-term investment will {{colored em|decrease}} (increase). 
==Liquidity preference theory==
According to {{colored em|liquidity preference theory}} (or opportunity cost theory), longer dated bonds are 
{{colored em|more sensitive}} to interest rate movements than short dated bonds,
since investors prefer liquidity, and thus will be more sensitive about the return of long-term bonds before locking their money in long-term bonds.
Also, it is {{colored em|assumed}} that risk averse investors will require compensation (in the form of higher yields) 
for the greater {{colored em|risk}} of {{colored em|loss}} on longer bonds.
It may explain some of the {{colored em|excess}} return offered on long-term bonds over short-term bonds.
==Market segmentation theory==
According to {{colored em|market segmentation theory}}, bonds of {{colored em|different}} terms are attractive to {{colored em|different}} investors, who choose assets 
that are similar in {{colored em|term}} to their liabilities.
That is, if liabilities of an investor are mainly short-term (long-term), then short-term (long-term) bonds will be chosen by the investor.

Thus, the demand for bonds will differ in different terms.
Also, the {{colored em|supply}} of bonds will also vary by term, because of the strategies used by the seller of bonds, e.g. companies and government.

As a result, due to different forces of supply and demand, the effective interest rate will vary according to the term.
==Preferred habitat theory==
This theory is similar to the market segmentation theory, but for this theory, each lender and borrower in the market just prefer bonds with a certain term,and is willing to buy or sell bonds with other term, {{colored em|given that there are sufficient incentive to do so}}. 
and 
{{colored exercise|
We have mentioned that the effective interest rate typically increases when the term is longer.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{ {{colored em|According to expectation theory}}, is there typically an expectation of increase or decrease in interest rate at the future, given this? 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ increase
|| increase in the expected interest rate makes the long-term investment have a higher yield, i.e. higher effective interest rate
- decrease

{ Suppose an investor is paying a mortgage loan that lasts for 30 years. Will the investor be likely to choose long-term or short-term bonds to invest, {{colored em|according to market segmentation theory}}? 
+ long-term
|| since the loan (i.e. liabilities) is long-term
- short-term
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ia95ce3clfzp29ywo4ltkpn6x3pnrrw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088451</id>
      <parentid>4088440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:54:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5407" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the
components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
* Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
* Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
* Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
* Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
* Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.
=Components of interest rates=
==Components under risk-free assumption==
In this subsection, we assume there is no risk (and there may be inflation).
Under this assumption, components of interest rates include real (risk-free) rate and inflation rate. We have discussed these in the [[../Time Value of Money]] chapter.
==Components related to risk==
In reality, there is risk for loans, particularly, some borrowers may not fully repay the amount lent and the required interest on time. 
This behaviour is called default.
=Theories explaining why interest rate differ by term=
==Expectation theory==
According to {{colored em|expectation theory}}, the {{colored em|relative attraction}} of short and longer term investments will {{colored em|vary}} according to the {{colored em|expectation}} of future movements in interest rates.

An expectation of {{colored em|decrease}} (increase) in interest rate at the future makes short-term investment {{colored em|less}} (more&lt;ref&gt;since investors 
can take out money from short-term investment more quickly and 
invest at a higher future interest rate at the future&lt;/ref&gt;) attractive, and longer term investments {{colored em|more}} &lt;ref&gt;since investors can enjoy the current interest rate (which is expected to be higher than future interest rates) for a long time if they invest in longer term investments&lt;/ref&gt; (less) attractive. 

Thus, because of the change in demand, the yields on short-term investments will {{colored em|increase}} (decrease) and that on long-term investment will {{colored em|decrease}} (increase). 
==Liquidity preference theory==
According to {{colored em|liquidity preference theory}} (or opportunity cost theory), longer dated bonds are 
{{colored em|more sensitive}} to interest rate movements than short dated bonds,
since investors prefer liquidity, and thus will be more sensitive about the return of long-term bonds before locking their money in long-term bonds.
Also, it is {{colored em|assumed}} that risk averse investors will require compensation (in the form of higher yields) 
for the greater {{colored em|risk}} of {{colored em|loss}} on longer bonds.
It may explain some of the {{colored em|excess}} return offered on long-term bonds over short-term bonds.
==Market segmentation theory==
According to {{colored em|market segmentation theory}}, bonds of {{colored em|different}} terms are attractive to {{colored em|different}} investors, who choose assets 
that are similar in {{colored em|term}} to their liabilities.
That is, if liabilities of an investor are mainly short-term (long-term), then short-term (long-term) bonds will be chosen by the investor.

Thus, the demand for bonds will differ in different terms.
Also, the {{colored em|supply}} of bonds will also vary by term, because of the strategies used by the seller of bonds, e.g. companies and government.

As a result, due to different forces of supply and demand, the effective interest rate will vary according to the term.
==Preferred habitat theory==
This theory is similar to the market segmentation theory, but for this theory, each lender and borrower in the market just prefer bonds with a certain term,and is willing to buy or sell bonds with other term, {{colored em|given that there are sufficient incentive to do so}}. 
and 
{{colored exercise|
We have mentioned that the effective interest rate typically increases when the term is longer.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{ {{colored em|According to expectation theory}}, is there typically an expectation of increase or decrease in interest rate at the future, given this? 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ increase
|| increase in the expected interest rate makes the long-term investment have a higher yield, i.e. higher effective interest rate
- decrease

{ Suppose an investor is paying a mortgage loan that lasts for 30 years. Will the investor be likely to choose long-term or short-term bonds to invest, {{colored em|according to market segmentation theory}}? 
+ long-term
|| since the loan (i.e. liabilities) is long-term
- short-term
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>b239ezkawa12r5taqpzwsua5zatapz6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088452</id>
      <parentid>4088451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T05:16:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6718" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the
components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
* Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
* Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
* Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
* Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
* Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.
=Components of interest rates=
==Components under risk-free assumption==
In this subsection, we assume there is no risk (and there may be inflation).
Under this assumption, components of interest rates include real (risk-free) rate and inflation rate. We have discussed these in the [[../Time Value of Money]] chapter.
==Components related to risk==
In reality, there is risk for loans, particularly, some borrowers may not fully repay the amount lent and the required interest on time. 
This behaviour is called default.
Because of the possibility of default, the interest rate incorporates {{colored em|default risk premium}}.
So, with annual inflation rate &lt;math&gt;j&lt;/math&gt;, annual default risk premium &lt;math&gt;\beta&lt;/math&gt;, and annual real risk-free rate &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt;, 
the annual nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i=(1+r)(1+\beta)(1+j)-1\Rightarrow i\approx r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;.

If the rates and premium are compounded {{colored em|continuously}}, the nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is calculated by &lt;math&gt;e^{i}=e^re^\beta e^j\Rightarrow i=r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;. 
In this case, the approximation sign is replaced by equal sign.

Apart from default risk premium, there is also maturity risk premium (or term premium), this premium usually exists for long-term securities because of 
the uncertainty for holding the securities for long time. Similarly, if this premium is also incorporated by the interest rate, 
then it is added to the expression of the nominal interest rate.
==Liquidity premium==
Apart from the risk and inflation, there is also a premium for liquidity, since the security may sometimes have low liquidity, 
in the sense that it cannot be bought or sold easily, and thus compensation for this low liquidity is demanded. Similarly, this premium is 
added to the expression of the nominal interest rate if incorporated.

=Theories explaining why interest rate differ by term=
==Expectation theory==
According to {{colored em|expectation theory}}, the {{colored em|relative attraction}} of short and longer term investments will {{colored em|vary}} according to the {{colored em|expectation}} of future movements in interest rates.

An expectation of {{colored em|decrease}} (increase) in interest rate at the future makes short-term investment {{colored em|less}} (more&lt;ref&gt;since investors 
can take out money from short-term investment more quickly and 
invest at a higher future interest rate at the future&lt;/ref&gt;) attractive, and longer term investments {{colored em|more}} &lt;ref&gt;since investors can enjoy the current interest rate (which is expected to be higher than future interest rates) for a long time if they invest in longer term investments&lt;/ref&gt; (less) attractive. 

Thus, because of the change in demand, the yields on short-term investments will {{colored em|increase}} (decrease) and that on long-term investment will {{colored em|decrease}} (increase). 
==Liquidity preference theory==
According to {{colored em|liquidity preference theory}} (or opportunity cost theory), longer dated bonds are 
{{colored em|more sensitive}} to interest rate movements than short dated bonds,
since investors prefer liquidity, and thus will be more sensitive about the return of long-term bonds before locking their money in long-term bonds.
Also, it is {{colored em|assumed}} that risk averse investors will require compensation (in the form of higher yields) 
for the greater {{colored em|risk}} of {{colored em|loss}} on longer bonds.
It may explain some of the {{colored em|excess}} return offered on long-term bonds over short-term bonds.
==Market segmentation theory==
According to {{colored em|market segmentation theory}}, bonds of {{colored em|different}} terms are attractive to {{colored em|different}} investors, who choose assets 
that are similar in {{colored em|term}} to their liabilities.
That is, if liabilities of an investor are mainly short-term (long-term), then short-term (long-term) bonds will be chosen by the investor.

Thus, the demand for bonds will differ in different terms.
Also, the {{colored em|supply}} of bonds will also vary by term, because of the strategies used by the seller of bonds, e.g. companies and government.

As a result, due to different forces of supply and demand, the effective interest rate will vary according to the term.
==Preferred habitat theory==
This theory is similar to the market segmentation theory, but for this theory, each lender and borrower in the market just prefer bonds with a certain term,and is willing to buy or sell bonds with other term, {{colored em|given that there are sufficient incentive to do so}}. 
and 
{{colored exercise|
We have mentioned that the effective interest rate typically increases when the term is longer.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{ {{colored em|According to expectation theory}}, is there typically an expectation of increase or decrease in interest rate at the future, given this? 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ increase
|| increase in the expected interest rate makes the long-term investment have a higher yield, i.e. higher effective interest rate
- decrease

{ Suppose an investor is paying a mortgage loan that lasts for 30 years. Will the investor be likely to choose long-term or short-term bonds to invest, {{colored em|according to market segmentation theory}}? 
+ long-term
|| since the loan (i.e. liabilities) is long-term
- short-term
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>1y0ztrdlsobpld9hxvrehc2r9ktcvrc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088463</id>
      <parentid>4088452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T08:17:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8984" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the
components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
* Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
* Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
* Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
* Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
* Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.
=Components of interest rates=
==Components under risk-free assumption==
In this subsection, we assume there is no risk (and there may be inflation).
Under this assumption, components of interest rates include real (risk-free) rate and inflation rate. We have discussed these in the [[../Time Value of Money]] chapter.
==Components related to risk==
In reality, there is risk for loans, particularly, some borrowers may not fully repay the amount lent and the required interest on time. 
This behaviour is called default.
Because of the possibility of default, the interest rate incorporates {{colored em|default risk premium}}.
So, with annual inflation rate &lt;math&gt;j&lt;/math&gt;, annual default risk premium &lt;math&gt;\beta&lt;/math&gt;, and annual real risk-free rate &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt;, 
the annual nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i=(1+r)(1+\beta)(1+j)-1\Rightarrow i\approx r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;.

If the rates and premium are compounded {{colored em|continuously}}, the nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is calculated by &lt;math&gt;e^{i}=e^re^\beta e^j\Rightarrow i=r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;. 
In this case, the approximation sign is replaced by equal sign.

Apart from default risk premium, there is also maturity risk premium (or term premium), this premium usually exists for long-term securities because of 
the uncertainty for holding the securities for long time. Similarly, if this premium is also incorporated by the interest rate, 
then it is added to the expression of the nominal interest rate.
==Liquidity premium==
Apart from the risk and inflation, there is also a premium for liquidity, since the security may sometimes have low liquidity, 
in the sense that it cannot be bought or sold easily, and thus compensation for this low liquidity is demanded. Similarly, this premium is 
added to the expression of the nominal interest rate if incorporated.

=Theories explaining why interest rate differ by term=
==Expectation theory==
According to {{colored em|expectation theory}}, the {{colored em|relative attraction}} of short and longer term investments will {{colored em|vary}} according to the {{colored em|expectation}} of future movements in interest rates.

An expectation of {{colored em|decrease}} (increase) in interest rate at the future makes short-term investment {{colored em|less}} (more&lt;ref&gt;since investors 
can take out money from short-term investment more quickly and 
invest at a higher future interest rate at the future&lt;/ref&gt;) attractive, and longer term investments {{colored em|more}} &lt;ref&gt;since investors can enjoy the current interest rate (which is expected to be higher than future interest rates) for a long time if they invest in longer term investments&lt;/ref&gt; (less) attractive. 

Thus, because of the change in demand, the yields on short-term investments will {{colored em|increase}} (decrease) and that on long-term investment will {{colored em|decrease}} (increase). 
==Liquidity preference theory==
According to {{colored em|liquidity preference theory}} (or opportunity cost theory), longer dated bonds are 
{{colored em|more sensitive}} to interest rate movements than short dated bonds,
since investors prefer liquidity, and thus will be more sensitive about the return of long-term bonds before locking their money in long-term bonds.
Also, it is {{colored em|assumed}} that risk averse investors will require compensation (in the form of higher yields) 
for the greater {{colored em|risk}} of {{colored em|loss}} on longer bonds.
It may explain some of the {{colored em|excess}} return offered on long-term bonds over short-term bonds.
==Market segmentation theory==
According to {{colored em|market segmentation theory}}, bonds of {{colored em|different}} terms are attractive to {{colored em|different}} investors, who choose assets 
that are similar in {{colored em|term}} to their liabilities.
That is, if liabilities of an investor are mainly short-term (long-term), then short-term (long-term) bonds will be chosen by the investor.

Thus, the demand for bonds will differ in different terms.
Also, the {{colored em|supply}} of bonds will also vary by term, because of the strategies used by the seller of bonds, e.g. companies and government.

As a result, due to different forces of supply and demand, the effective interest rate will vary according to the term.
==Preferred habitat theory==
This theory is similar to the market segmentation theory, but for this theory, each lender and borrower in the market just prefer bonds with a certain term,and is willing to buy or sell bonds with other term, {{colored em|given that there are sufficient incentive to do so}}. 
and 
{{colored exercise|
We have mentioned that the effective interest rate typically increases when the term is longer.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{ {{colored em|According to expectation theory}}, is there typically an expectation of increase or decrease in interest rate at the future, given this? 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ increase
|| increase in the expected interest rate makes the long-term investment have a higher yield, i.e. higher effective interest rate
- decrease

{ Suppose an investor is paying a mortgage loan that lasts for 30 years. Will the investor be likely to choose long-term or short-term bonds to invest, {{colored em|according to market segmentation theory}}? 
+ long-term
|| since the loan (i.e. liabilities) is long-term
- short-term
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
=The (simplified) role of the U.S. central bank=
The discussion here is simplified, since the actual operation of the U.S. central bank is quite complicated, and is out of scope of this book.

The U.S. central bank consists of a Board of Governors, regional reserve banks and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC).
In particular, the FOMC sets (monetary) policy with respect to the central bank's capital market activities.
Common tools used by such policy include targeting the {{colored em|federal fund rate}}, setting {{colored em|reserve requirement}} and setting the {{colored em|discount rate}} (this is different from the discount rate in the [[./Time Value of Money]]).
{{colored definition|
(Federal fund rate)
The {{colored em|federal fund rate}} is the interest rate at which banks with excess reserve funds at their District's Federal Reserve Bank 
lend these funds to other banks.
}}
{{colored definition|
(Discount rate)
The {{colored em|discount rate}} is the rate at which banks can borrow money directly from the Federal Reserve.
}}
For the reserve requirement, it indicates the minimum amount of reserve that each bank need to maintain.
==Effects of monetary policies==
When the (targeted) {{colored em|federal fund rate}} or {{colored em|discount rate}} increases (decreases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall 
in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. 
As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply.
With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases)
(knowledge of [[Macroeconomics]] can help understanding this reasoning).

When the {{colored em|reserve requirement}} decreases (increases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall 
in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. 
As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply.
With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases)
(knowledge of [[Macroeconomics]] can help understanding this reasoning).

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gvdvb0z2qz10tu5zyzvrckgj2rogpjy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088464</id>
      <parentid>4088463</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T08:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8985" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the
components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
* Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
* Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
* Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
* Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
* Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.
=Components of interest rates=
==Components under risk-free assumption==
In this subsection, we assume there is no risk (and there may be inflation).
Under this assumption, components of interest rates include real (risk-free) rate and inflation rate. We have discussed these in the [[../Time Value of Money]] chapter.
==Components related to risk==
In reality, there is risk for loans, particularly, some borrowers may not fully repay the amount lent and the required interest on time. 
This behaviour is called default.
Because of the possibility of default, the interest rate incorporates {{colored em|default risk premium}}.
So, with annual inflation rate &lt;math&gt;j&lt;/math&gt;, annual default risk premium &lt;math&gt;\beta&lt;/math&gt;, and annual real risk-free rate &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt;, 
the annual nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i=(1+r)(1+\beta)(1+j)-1\Rightarrow i\approx r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;.

If the rates and premium are compounded {{colored em|continuously}}, the nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is calculated by &lt;math&gt;e^{i}=e^re^\beta e^j\Rightarrow i=r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;. 
In this case, the approximation sign is replaced by equal sign.

Apart from default risk premium, there is also maturity risk premium (or term premium), this premium usually exists for long-term securities because of 
the uncertainty for holding the securities for long time. Similarly, if this premium is also incorporated by the interest rate, 
then it is added to the expression of the nominal interest rate.
==Liquidity premium==
Apart from the risk and inflation, there is also a premium for liquidity, since the security may sometimes have low liquidity, 
in the sense that it cannot be bought or sold easily, and thus compensation for this low liquidity is demanded. Similarly, this premium is 
added to the expression of the nominal interest rate if incorporated.

=Theories explaining why interest rate differ by term=
==Expectation theory==
According to {{colored em|expectation theory}}, the {{colored em|relative attraction}} of short and longer term investments will {{colored em|vary}} according to the {{colored em|expectation}} of future movements in interest rates.

An expectation of {{colored em|decrease}} (increase) in interest rate at the future makes short-term investment {{colored em|less}} (more&lt;ref&gt;since investors 
can take out money from short-term investment more quickly and 
invest at a higher future interest rate at the future&lt;/ref&gt;) attractive, and longer term investments {{colored em|more}} &lt;ref&gt;since investors can enjoy the current interest rate (which is expected to be higher than future interest rates) for a long time if they invest in longer term investments&lt;/ref&gt; (less) attractive. 

Thus, because of the change in demand, the yields on short-term investments will {{colored em|increase}} (decrease) and that on long-term investment will {{colored em|decrease}} (increase). 
==Liquidity preference theory==
According to {{colored em|liquidity preference theory}} (or opportunity cost theory), longer dated bonds are 
{{colored em|more sensitive}} to interest rate movements than short dated bonds,
since investors prefer liquidity, and thus will be more sensitive about the return of long-term bonds before locking their money in long-term bonds.
Also, it is {{colored em|assumed}} that risk averse investors will require compensation (in the form of higher yields) 
for the greater {{colored em|risk}} of {{colored em|loss}} on longer bonds.
It may explain some of the {{colored em|excess}} return offered on long-term bonds over short-term bonds.
==Market segmentation theory==
According to {{colored em|market segmentation theory}}, bonds of {{colored em|different}} terms are attractive to {{colored em|different}} investors, who choose assets 
that are similar in {{colored em|term}} to their liabilities.
That is, if liabilities of an investor are mainly short-term (long-term), then short-term (long-term) bonds will be chosen by the investor.

Thus, the demand for bonds will differ in different terms.
Also, the {{colored em|supply}} of bonds will also vary by term, because of the strategies used by the seller of bonds, e.g. companies and government.

As a result, due to different forces of supply and demand, the effective interest rate will vary according to the term.
==Preferred habitat theory==
This theory is similar to the market segmentation theory, but for this theory, each lender and borrower in the market just prefer bonds with a certain term,and is willing to buy or sell bonds with other term, {{colored em|given that there are sufficient incentive to do so}}. 
and 
{{colored exercise|
We have mentioned that the effective interest rate typically increases when the term is longer.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{ {{colored em|According to expectation theory}}, is there typically an expectation of increase or decrease in interest rate at the future, given this? 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ increase
|| increase in the expected interest rate makes the long-term investment have a higher yield, i.e. higher effective interest rate
- decrease

{ Suppose an investor is paying a mortgage loan that lasts for 30 years. Will the investor be likely to choose long-term or short-term bonds to invest, {{colored em|according to market segmentation theory}}? 
+ long-term
|| since the loan (i.e. liabilities) is long-term
- short-term
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
=The (simplified) role of the U.S. central bank=
The discussion here is simplified, since the actual operation of the U.S. central bank is quite complicated, and is out of scope of this book.

The U.S. central bank consists of a Board of Governors, regional reserve banks and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC).
In particular, the FOMC sets (monetary) policy with respect to the central bank's capital market activities.
Common tools used by such policy include targeting the {{colored em|federal fund rate}}, setting {{colored em|reserve requirement}} and setting the {{colored em|discount rate}} (this is different from the discount rate in the [[../Time Value of Money]]).
{{colored definition|
(Federal fund rate)
The {{colored em|federal fund rate}} is the interest rate at which banks with excess reserve funds at their District's Federal Reserve Bank 
lend these funds to other banks.
}}
{{colored definition|
(Discount rate)
The {{colored em|discount rate}} is the rate at which banks can borrow money directly from the Federal Reserve.
}}
For the reserve requirement, it indicates the minimum amount of reserve that each bank need to maintain.
==Effects of monetary policies==
When the (targeted) {{colored em|federal fund rate}} or {{colored em|discount rate}} increases (decreases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall 
in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. 
As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply.
With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases)
(knowledge of [[Macroeconomics]] can help understanding this reasoning).

When the {{colored em|reserve requirement}} decreases (increases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall 
in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. 
As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply.
With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases)
(knowledge of [[Macroeconomics]] can help understanding this reasoning).

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gtmyysexvn71welvlv4bbqu8rymqzby</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088465</id>
      <parentid>4088464</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T08:30:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Components under risk-free assumption */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8980" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the
components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
* Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
* Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
* Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
* Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
* Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.
=Components of interest rates=
==Components related to inflation==
In this subsection, we assume there is no risk (and there may be inflation).
Under this assumption, components of interest rates include real (risk-free) rate and inflation rate. We have discussed these in the [[../Time Value of Money]] chapter.

==Components related to risk==
In reality, there is risk for loans, particularly, some borrowers may not fully repay the amount lent and the required interest on time. 
This behaviour is called default.
Because of the possibility of default, the interest rate incorporates {{colored em|default risk premium}}.
So, with annual inflation rate &lt;math&gt;j&lt;/math&gt;, annual default risk premium &lt;math&gt;\beta&lt;/math&gt;, and annual real risk-free rate &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt;, 
the annual nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i=(1+r)(1+\beta)(1+j)-1\Rightarrow i\approx r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;.

If the rates and premium are compounded {{colored em|continuously}}, the nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is calculated by &lt;math&gt;e^{i}=e^re^\beta e^j\Rightarrow i=r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;. 
In this case, the approximation sign is replaced by equal sign.

Apart from default risk premium, there is also maturity risk premium (or term premium), this premium usually exists for long-term securities because of 
the uncertainty for holding the securities for long time. Similarly, if this premium is also incorporated by the interest rate, 
then it is added to the expression of the nominal interest rate.
==Liquidity premium==
Apart from the risk and inflation, there is also a premium for liquidity, since the security may sometimes have low liquidity, 
in the sense that it cannot be bought or sold easily, and thus compensation for this low liquidity is demanded. Similarly, this premium is 
added to the expression of the nominal interest rate if incorporated.

=Theories explaining why interest rate differ by term=
==Expectation theory==
According to {{colored em|expectation theory}}, the {{colored em|relative attraction}} of short and longer term investments will {{colored em|vary}} according to the {{colored em|expectation}} of future movements in interest rates.

An expectation of {{colored em|decrease}} (increase) in interest rate at the future makes short-term investment {{colored em|less}} (more&lt;ref&gt;since investors 
can take out money from short-term investment more quickly and 
invest at a higher future interest rate at the future&lt;/ref&gt;) attractive, and longer term investments {{colored em|more}} &lt;ref&gt;since investors can enjoy the current interest rate (which is expected to be higher than future interest rates) for a long time if they invest in longer term investments&lt;/ref&gt; (less) attractive. 

Thus, because of the change in demand, the yields on short-term investments will {{colored em|increase}} (decrease) and that on long-term investment will {{colored em|decrease}} (increase). 
==Liquidity preference theory==
According to {{colored em|liquidity preference theory}} (or opportunity cost theory), longer dated bonds are 
{{colored em|more sensitive}} to interest rate movements than short dated bonds,
since investors prefer liquidity, and thus will be more sensitive about the return of long-term bonds before locking their money in long-term bonds.
Also, it is {{colored em|assumed}} that risk averse investors will require compensation (in the form of higher yields) 
for the greater {{colored em|risk}} of {{colored em|loss}} on longer bonds.
It may explain some of the {{colored em|excess}} return offered on long-term bonds over short-term bonds.
==Market segmentation theory==
According to {{colored em|market segmentation theory}}, bonds of {{colored em|different}} terms are attractive to {{colored em|different}} investors, who choose assets 
that are similar in {{colored em|term}} to their liabilities.
That is, if liabilities of an investor are mainly short-term (long-term), then short-term (long-term) bonds will be chosen by the investor.

Thus, the demand for bonds will differ in different terms.
Also, the {{colored em|supply}} of bonds will also vary by term, because of the strategies used by the seller of bonds, e.g. companies and government.

As a result, due to different forces of supply and demand, the effective interest rate will vary according to the term.
==Preferred habitat theory==
This theory is similar to the market segmentation theory, but for this theory, each lender and borrower in the market just prefer bonds with a certain term,and is willing to buy or sell bonds with other term, {{colored em|given that there are sufficient incentive to do so}}. 
and 
{{colored exercise|
We have mentioned that the effective interest rate typically increases when the term is longer.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{ {{colored em|According to expectation theory}}, is there typically an expectation of increase or decrease in interest rate at the future, given this? 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ increase
|| increase in the expected interest rate makes the long-term investment have a higher yield, i.e. higher effective interest rate
- decrease

{ Suppose an investor is paying a mortgage loan that lasts for 30 years. Will the investor be likely to choose long-term or short-term bonds to invest, {{colored em|according to market segmentation theory}}? 
+ long-term
|| since the loan (i.e. liabilities) is long-term
- short-term
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
=The (simplified) role of the U.S. central bank=
The discussion here is simplified, since the actual operation of the U.S. central bank is quite complicated, and is out of scope of this book.

The U.S. central bank consists of a Board of Governors, regional reserve banks and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC).
In particular, the FOMC sets (monetary) policy with respect to the central bank's capital market activities.
Common tools used by such policy include targeting the {{colored em|federal fund rate}}, setting {{colored em|reserve requirement}} and setting the {{colored em|discount rate}} (this is different from the discount rate in the [[../Time Value of Money]]).
{{colored definition|
(Federal fund rate)
The {{colored em|federal fund rate}} is the interest rate at which banks with excess reserve funds at their District's Federal Reserve Bank 
lend these funds to other banks.
}}
{{colored definition|
(Discount rate)
The {{colored em|discount rate}} is the rate at which banks can borrow money directly from the Federal Reserve.
}}
For the reserve requirement, it indicates the minimum amount of reserve that each bank need to maintain.
==Effects of monetary policies==
When the (targeted) {{colored em|federal fund rate}} or {{colored em|discount rate}} increases (decreases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall 
in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. 
As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply.
With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases)
(knowledge of [[Macroeconomics]] can help understanding this reasoning).

When the {{colored em|reserve requirement}} decreases (increases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall 
in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. 
As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply.
With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases)
(knowledge of [[Macroeconomics]] can help understanding this reasoning).

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ob5tsxt9seaxuwtdcicqz8c81zzn9kk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088466</id>
      <parentid>4088465</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T08:31:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LeoChiukl</username>
        <id>3384033</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8979" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
=Learning objectives=
The Candidate will understand key concepts concerning the determinants of interest rates, the
components of interest, and how to perform related calculations.
=Learning outcomes=
The Candidate will be able to:
* Define and recognize the components of interest rates including: real risk-free rate, inflation rate, default risk premium, liquidity premium, and maturity risk premium.
* Explain how the components of interest rates apply in various contexts, such as commercial loans, mortgages, credit cards, bonds, and government securities.
* Explain the roles of the Federal Reserve and the FOMC in carrying out fiscal policy and monetary policy and the tools used by the Federal Reserve and the FOMC including targeting the Federal Funds rate, setting reserve requirements, and setting the discount rate.
* Explain the theories of why interest rates differ by term, including liquidity preference (opportunity cost), expectations, preferred habitat, and market segmentation.
* Explain how interest rates differ from one country to another (e.g., U.S. vs. Canada).
* Identify the real interest and the nominal interest rate in the context of loans with and without inflation protection and calculate the effect of changes in inflation on loans with inflation protection.
=Components of interest rates=
==Components related to inflation==
In this subsection, we assume there is no risk (and there may be inflation).
Under this assumption, components of interest rates include real (risk-free) rate and inflation rate. We have discussed these in the [[../Time Value of Money]] chapter.

==Components related to risk==
In reality, there is risk for loans, particularly, some borrowers may not fully repay the amount lent and the required interest on time. 
This behaviour is called default.
Because of the possibility of default, the interest rate incorporates {{colored em|default risk premium}}.
So, with annual inflation rate &lt;math&gt;j&lt;/math&gt;, annual default risk premium &lt;math&gt;\beta&lt;/math&gt;, and annual real risk-free rate &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt;, 
the annual nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i=(1+r)(1+\beta)(1+j)-1\Rightarrow i\approx r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;.

If the rates and premium are compounded {{colored em|continuously}}, the nominal interest rate &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt; is calculated by &lt;math&gt;e^{i}=e^re^\beta e^j\Rightarrow i=r+\beta+j&lt;/math&gt;. 
In this case, the approximation sign is replaced by equal sign.

Apart from default risk premium, there is also maturity risk premium (or term premium), this premium usually exists for long-term securities because of 
the uncertainty for holding the securities for long time. Similarly, if this premium is also incorporated by the interest rate, 
then it is added to the expression of the nominal interest rate.
==Liquidity premium==
Apart from the risk and inflation, there is also a premium for liquidity, since the security may sometimes have low liquidity, 
in the sense that it cannot be bought or sold easily, and thus compensation for this low liquidity is demanded. Similarly, this premium is 
added to the expression of the nominal interest rate if incorporated.
=The (simplified) role of the U.S. central bank=
The discussion here is simplified, since the actual operation of the U.S. central bank is quite complicated, and is out of scope of this book.

The U.S. central bank consists of a Board of Governors, regional reserve banks and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC).
In particular, the FOMC sets (monetary) policy with respect to the central bank's capital market activities.
Common tools used by such policy include targeting the {{colored em|federal fund rate}}, setting {{colored em|reserve requirement}} and setting the {{colored em|discount rate}} (this is different from the discount rate in the [[../Time Value of Money]]).
{{colored definition|
(Federal fund rate)
The {{colored em|federal fund rate}} is the interest rate at which banks with excess reserve funds at their District's Federal Reserve Bank 
lend these funds to other banks.
}}
{{colored definition|
(Discount rate)
The {{colored em|discount rate}} is the rate at which banks can borrow money directly from the Federal Reserve.
}}
For the reserve requirement, it indicates the minimum amount of reserve that each bank need to maintain.
==Effects of monetary policies==
When the (targeted) {{colored em|federal fund rate}} or {{colored em|discount rate}} increases (decreases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall 
in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. 
As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply.
With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases)
(knowledge of [[Macroeconomics]] can help understanding this reasoning).

When the {{colored em|reserve requirement}} decreases (increases), it is more (less) costly for banks to run a shortfall 
in their reserves, and thus they are incentivized to keep more (less) money in the reserve. 
As a result, less (more) loan is provided, decreasing (increasing) the money supply.
With the decrease (increase) of money supply (and assuming money demand is the same), the interest rate charged on loans increases (decreases)
(knowledge of [[Macroeconomics]] can help understanding this reasoning).

=Theories explaining why interest rate differ by term=
==Expectation theory==
According to {{colored em|expectation theory}}, the {{colored em|relative attraction}} of short and longer term investments will {{colored em|vary}} according to the {{colored em|expectation}} of future movements in interest rates.

An expectation of {{colored em|decrease}} (increase) in interest rate at the future makes short-term investment {{colored em|less}} (more&lt;ref&gt;since investors 
can take out money from short-term investment more quickly and 
invest at a higher future interest rate at the future&lt;/ref&gt;) attractive, and longer term investments {{colored em|more}} &lt;ref&gt;since investors can enjoy the current interest rate (which is expected to be higher than future interest rates) for a long time if they invest in longer term investments&lt;/ref&gt; (less) attractive. 

Thus, because of the change in demand, the yields on short-term investments will {{colored em|increase}} (decrease) and that on long-term investment will {{colored em|decrease}} (increase). 
==Liquidity preference theory==
According to {{colored em|liquidity preference theory}} (or opportunity cost theory), longer dated bonds are 
{{colored em|more sensitive}} to interest rate movements than short dated bonds,
since investors prefer liquidity, and thus will be more sensitive about the return of long-term bonds before locking their money in long-term bonds.
Also, it is {{colored em|assumed}} that risk averse investors will require compensation (in the form of higher yields) 
for the greater {{colored em|risk}} of {{colored em|loss}} on longer bonds.
It may explain some of the {{colored em|excess}} return offered on long-term bonds over short-term bonds.
==Market segmentation theory==
According to {{colored em|market segmentation theory}}, bonds of {{colored em|different}} terms are attractive to {{colored em|different}} investors, who choose assets 
that are similar in {{colored em|term}} to their liabilities.
That is, if liabilities of an investor are mainly short-term (long-term), then short-term (long-term) bonds will be chosen by the investor.

Thus, the demand for bonds will differ in different terms.
Also, the {{colored em|supply}} of bonds will also vary by term, because of the strategies used by the seller of bonds, e.g. companies and government.

As a result, due to different forces of supply and demand, the effective interest rate will vary according to the term.
==Preferred habitat theory==
This theory is similar to the market segmentation theory, but for this theory, each lender and borrower in the market just prefer bonds with a certain term,and is willing to buy or sell bonds with other term, {{colored em|given that there are sufficient incentive to do so}}. 
and 
{{colored exercise|
We have mentioned that the effective interest rate typically increases when the term is longer.
&lt;quiz display=simple&gt;
{ {{colored em|According to expectation theory}}, is there typically an expectation of increase or decrease in interest rate at the future, given this? 
|type=&quot;()&quot;}
+ increase
|| increase in the expected interest rate makes the long-term investment have a higher yield, i.e. higher effective interest rate
- decrease

{ Suppose an investor is paying a mortgage loan that lasts for 30 years. Will the investor be likely to choose long-term or short-term bonds to invest, {{colored em|according to market segmentation theory}}? 
+ long-term
|| since the loan (i.e. liabilities) is long-term
- short-term
&lt;/quiz&gt;
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>q3w9qlsc3so44viqf90b14fh0aqafuc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Open Broadcaster Software</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>448113</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088445</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:34:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rename? */ new section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="247" xml:space="preserve">== Rename? ==

Since &quot;Open Boradcaster Software&quot; has been renamed to &quot;OBS Studio&quot;, should this book also be renamed? [[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 04:34, 1 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>me7vqgzzxpqtdvfheevbu6ktsj5aqzq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Book:Physics Principles with Applications</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>448114</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088449</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T04:44:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbrickn</username>
        <id>3181019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{book category header}} {{BookCat}}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" xml:space="preserve">{{book category header}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>epuks5kojppe4dqkejmu8jjolasjatp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:L10nM4st3r/sig.css</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>448115</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088454</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T06:08:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;~~~&quot;</comment>
      <model>css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="151" xml:space="preserve">&lt;sub&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]/[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cclho7q70o1rve3e7th64ultu400efi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4088455</id>
      <parentid>4088454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T06:09:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>L10nM4st3r</username>
        <id>3380243</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;sup&gt; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; / &lt;sub&gt;[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span tyle=&quot;color:#fed8b1&quot;&gt;Roar at me&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lrre29a70yqvmqrekijgyiabmpju2p0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:MATLAB Programming/MATLAB Easter Eggs</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>448116</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4088468</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-01T09:50:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MrAlanKoh</username>
        <id>3392840</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Messy page */ new section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="281" xml:space="preserve">== Messy page ==

Yep, i know in current state, it is bit messy , will tidy up in other chapters first before going back to this page. Cheers! [[User:MrAlanKoh|MrAlanKoh]] ([[User talk:MrAlanKoh|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MrAlanKoh|contribs]]) 09:50, 1 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>41tdhdx9w68oudy8dti9v2fs4zojnic</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>